Ex Libris 
 C. K. OGDEN

 
 sr, 

 
 A 
 
 PENTAGLOT DICTIONARY.
 
 CRITICAL NOTICES OF 
 
 DB. PALMEB'S PENTAGLOT DICTIONAKY. 
 
 THE following notice of the present work is transcribed from Dr. JAMES JOHN- 
 SON'S well-known MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL REVIEW, for April, 1842. 
 
 " IN this stupendous work, we scarcely know which to admire most the extensive 
 erudition, or the unwearied, we might say super-human, labour of its author. Dr. PALMER 
 may well exclaim, with the Roman bard, 
 
 ' Monumentum exegi are perennius.' 
 
 JOHNSON'S great Dictionary, in four volumes, cost not one-tenth the pains and research 
 that Dr. P's. Pentaglot must have done. Dr. PALMER will not be rewarded, during his 
 life-time, for the labour he has undergone, and the wear and tear of mind and body which 
 he must have experienced in the construction of a book that might well be considered a 
 hard task for a long life of literary drudgery in the study, free from every other avocation 
 or pursuit. What, then, must have been the destructive toil by the midnight lamp, stolen 
 from rest and sleep, during the compilation of this immense Cyclopaedia of dry technical 
 terms, definitions, and derivations !" 
 
 " Any analysis, or even the most superficial review, of such a performance, would 
 be preposterous. The only thing we can do is to take a specimen at random a brick out 
 of a majestic piece of architecture." (Here, the Article, ANEVRISME, is quoted, from 
 the Dictionary, by the Reviewer.) 
 
 " We need hardly say that a work like this, which costs but a trifle,* though the re- 
 sult of years of labour, should be in the hands of every student and practitioner who wishes 
 to keep pace with the current of medical literature, and glean knowledge from foreign, as 
 well as domestic sources." 
 
 Critical notices, equally favourable and encouraging, of the First and Second Parts 
 of the PENTAGLOT DICTIONARY, appeared in the British and Foreign Medical 
 Review, in the Lancet, the London Medical Gazette, and the Analyst, for the respective 
 years in which those Parts were published, 1834 and 1836. 
 
 * With a view of promoting the rapid diffusion of the work, and rendering it accessible to 
 the Medical Student, the price has been reduced to TEN SHILLINGS, which is less than half the 
 price necessarily fixed upon it by the original publisher.
 
 OF THE TERMS EMPLOYED IN 
 
 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, 
 PRACTICAL MEDICINE, SURGERY, OBSTETRICS, MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE, 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA, 
 PHARMACY, MEDICAL ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, AND CHEMISTRY; 
 
 IN TWO PARTS: 
 PART I. 
 
 WITH THE LEADING TERM IN FRENCH, FOLLOWED BY THE SYNONYMES IN 
 THE GREEK, LATIN, GERMAN, AND ENGLISH; 
 
 EXPLANATIONS IN ENGLISH J 
 
 AND 
 COPIOUS ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE DIFFERENT LANGUAGES. 
 
 PART II. 
 
 A GERMAN-ENGLISH-FRENCH DICTIONARY, 
 
 COMPREHENDING 
 
 THE SCIENTIFIC GERMAN TERMS OF THE PRECEDING PART. 
 
 BY SHIRLEY PALMER, M.D., 
 
 OF TAMWORTH AND BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 LONGMAN AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW; 
 DULAU AND CO., SOHO SQUARE; J. W. PARKER, WEST STRAND; 
 H. C. LANGBRIDGE, BIRMINGHAM. 
 
 MDCCCXLV.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE importance of an accurate knowledge of the French and German 
 languages to the student of Medicine, few, in these enlightened times, will 
 be ignorant enough to douht, or have the effrontery to deny. Most auspici- 
 ously for the honour of our Profession and the interests of the public, such 
 knowledge is, at length, recognized in the Schools, as an essential branch of 
 medical education. Every attempt, therefore, to facilitate the attainment of 
 these languages, and impart an additional impulse to the youthful and aspiring 
 mind, even though it fail to acquire celebrity, must deserve encouragement 
 and command respect. 
 
 Of the profoundly scientific character and high practical value of the pub- 
 lications upon Medicine which are continually emanating from the continental 
 press, none but they who have access to those productions of the Master- 
 Spirits of our art in their original language, can form an adequate conception 
 or correct estimate. Translations of those works into the English are com- 
 paratively rare : and the slovenly or defective manner in which such 
 translations have too commonly been executed, is little calculated to awaken 
 regret at the infrequency of their appearance. 
 
 If the conquest of difficulties by the unaided efforts of mind or body be 
 regarded as pre-eminently qualifying an individual for the direction of others 
 in the path of labour which he has, himself, trodden and explored ; I shall 
 not incur, in the arduous enterprize which I had the courage to conceive, 
 and the perseverance to bring to a successful issue, the imputation of 
 inordinate vanity or presumption. Amidst the toils and anxieties of a 
 widely-extended provincial practice, I acquired in my earlier years, without 
 the assistance of an instructor, a knowledge of the elements of several of the 
 continental languages : and so deeply was my mind impressed by a 
 retrospect of the difficulties with which I had, at first, to contend in the 
 perusal "of foreign scientific work, that I then formed the resolution of 
 attempting, should an opportunity ever present itself, to clear for others 
 the path which, to my own progress, had been so painfully and so tediously 
 obstructed. 
 
 Some years after my removal from Tarn worth to Birmingham, such 
 opportunity was unexpectedly offered. I was applied to, by an intelligent 
 and enterprizing Publisher* of this town, to compile for the use of the 
 Medical Student, a Dictionary of French and German Scientific Terms. 
 The proposition, after a deliberate survey of the difficulties attendant on the 
 execution of such a work, was favourably entertained. In the summer of 
 
 * Mr. John Chamberlain Barlow, formerly of Bennett's Hill. The work has, however, within 
 the last few days, passed into the hands of Mr. Langbridire, Bull Street, Birmingham. S. P., 
 May 6th, 1845. 
 
 1G74C76
 
 IV. 
 
 1834, the First Part of the Dictionary was published. It was followed by 
 the Second, in the spring of 1836. The kindly reception with which these 
 efforts have been honoured by the Profession, and the eulogies bestowed on 
 them by the periodical press, are most gratifying to my feelings. 
 
 At length, I have the unspeakable satisfaction of presenting to the public 
 the Third and last Part of my protracted labours. In the unwearied atten- 
 tion bestowed upon it, and the general accuracy, the value, and extent, of the 
 information which it contains, this portion of the work will assuredly suffer 
 no disparagement from a comparison with its predecessors. 
 
 To those Gentlemen who have evinced so warm an interest in its progress 
 and completion, some explanation and apology are justly due for the unex- 
 pected delay which has occurred in the publication of this, the concluding 
 portion of my work. On the completion of the Second Part, my health at 
 once gave way beneath the labour and loss of rest which I had then for three 
 years consecutively incurred. A short absence from my home and my coun- 
 try served only to aggravate the distressing prostration of frame and spirit 
 under which I suffered. In vain did I attempt to resume, towards the close of 
 1836, my literary occupations. The mind, like a blunted instrument, refused 
 to operate upon the materials subjected to its power. And from that period, 
 fifteen rnqnths had well-nigh elapsed ere I was enabled to shake off the torpor 
 from my intellect, and return, with the wonted energy and system, to my 
 lexicographical labours. 
 
 In March, 1840, the body of the Dictionary was finished. It is, altqgether, 
 somewhat more voluminous than I originally contemplated. But an excess 
 of three sheets above the proposed number, in a work of such magnitude, 
 will not, it is presumed, be visited with a very heavy sentence of public con- 
 demnation. If, however, for such encroachment on the public indulgence, 
 an apology be required, I shall readily find shelter beneath the authority of 
 names far loftier than my own; and plead, in extenuation of my fault, the 
 example of delinquents, in this respect, more guilty than myself. 
 
 The great difficulty, indeed, with which I have had to contend, has been 
 the compression of an exuberant supply of materials within the limits to 
 which the work was necessarily restricted. Many are the subjects which I 
 could have introduced, many those upon which I could have more largely 
 expatiated, with pleasure to myself, and advantage to the reader. In my 
 solicitude to repress these propensities, of which none but an author can 
 comprehend the seductive force, the process of literary condensation has, per- 
 chance, been sometimes carried so far as to involve obscurity. 
 
 Fourteen months have since been exppnded in the preparation of the 
 German Index, or rather Dictionary, which terminates the work. To the 
 student of the medical and scientific literature of Germany, this portion of 
 the volume will prove a valuable guide. The variable manner in which the 
 same term is frequently written by different German authors, and the discre- 
 pancy exhibited in the formation of the apt and expressive compounds with 
 which their noble language is enriched, have rendered the construction of 
 such an Index a process of incredible labour and perplexity.
 
 V. 
 
 Such as it is, I now offer up ray work at the altar of Science, confident of 
 its favourable reception, although deeply sensible of its manifold defects ; and, 
 with a fervent wish that it may serve to stimulate their zeal, and accelerate 
 their progress, in the acquirement of useful and interesting knowledge, I 
 formally dedicate it to THE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF MY COUNTRY. Many 
 have been the disadvantages, and many and formidable the obstacles, which Y 
 have had to struggle with and overcome in its execution. It was not composed 
 in the genial atmosphere and repose of philosophic retirement, but amidst the 
 duties and distractions of an active and anxious professional life ; for the most 
 part, during hours which might otherwise have been given to recreation, or 
 passed in sleep ; and, not unfrequently, under circumstances of depression and 
 discouragement known only to myself. I had no literary friend to consult for 
 the solution of doubts, or the removal of difficulties, which were continually 
 arising on my path ; no library to refer to, save my own limited but valuable 
 collection of scientific works. I began my labour, and I finished it, without 
 availing myself of the counsel or co-operation of any human being ;* with 
 no assistance but that of the members of my family in the occasional revision 
 of the proof-sheets, and the collection and arrangement of the materials which 
 constitute the German Index. 
 
 I regretted, only when it was too late, that I had not followed out my ori- 
 ginal design of inserting the Italian f synonymes in each Article of the work, 
 and thus rendering it an Hexaglot, rather than Pentaglot, Dictionary of 
 Medicine, as it now is. The defect may, however, at some future period, be 
 partially remedied by the construction of an Italian Index on the same com- 
 prehensive plan as that of the German now published. And, should the 
 voice of the Profession to which I have the honour to belong, distinctly call 
 for such an extension of the work, I shall gladly resume my labours as a 
 Lexicographer, with a zeal in the cause of science which no difficulty has yet 
 appalled, with a spirit of perseverance which, while my present vigour of 
 health and intellect remain unimpaired, no difficulty will subdue. 
 
 There are some persons who, looking upon the study of medicine with an 
 eye not sufficiently elevated or comprehensive, may, peradventure, regard as 
 irrelevant, or at least as not directly connected with the subject, some of the 
 terms which I have introduced into this Dictionary. To such fastidious ob- 
 jectors, if such there be, I would fain address a parting sentence of apology 
 or exculpation. The seasons of retirement from the toils of practice, which 
 all the Professors of our art occasionally enjoy, cannot be invariably or ex- 
 clusively devoted to the study of medicine. The intellectual, like the 
 physical organs of man, require their hour of "relaxation ; and will derive 
 strength and renovation from judicious change of exercise. Such seasons of 
 
 * Tn the preparation of one of the early sheets of this work, I was, indeed, favoured with th 
 assistance of an amanuensis and corrector of the press. A brief experiment on the value of sue] 
 an auxiliary sufficed to convince me : 1 did not repeat it.
 
 VI. 
 
 relaxation, if duly improved, will, while relieving the mind from the tedium 
 and exhaustion of the severer studies, exert upon it a most salutary influence, 
 and, instead of disqualifying, render it more apt, for the prompt and 
 vigorous performance of its sterner and more painful duties. But, to realize 
 all the fortunate results of which it may be productive, such relaxation 
 must be sought for in objects of study, which, while they exercise the observing 
 and reflecting faculties, will exalt the professional character, and signally 
 enhance its dignity and its usefulness, in the public estimation, and the pub- 
 lic service. Hence, Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, Zoology, 
 Botany, Geology, Chemistry, and the Physical Sciences, offer boundless 
 fields of observation and experiment, into which the practitioner of medicine 
 may, as safely as decorously, turn aside from the toils and anxieties of a pro- 
 fessional life, to refresh and tranquillize his weary and perturbed spirit. 
 Such subjects, and the scenes and pursuits to which they allure their willing 
 votary, are far more congenial to the deeply-reflecting and philosophic tone 
 of the medical character, far more consistent with the purity, the elevation, 
 and decorum by which it should be distinguished, than the vain and frivolous 
 amusements of the fashionable world. And if, by the perusal of this defective 
 volume, and of the articles on Natural History which it contains, my exemplary 
 sons, and others destined, like them, to the exercise of our noble and benefi- 
 cent profession, should be incited to emulate a father's zeal, and prosecute the 
 path of stern self-denial, and unremitting labour and research, which I have 
 undeviatingly trodden ; if, in their minds, it awaken, or encourage, a taste for 
 the pure, the elevating, and delightful studies which have long formed the 
 solace of my anxious and troubled life ; memory will revert, wilh conscious 
 pride and satisfaction, to the many tranquil and solitary hours which have 
 been devoted to its composition ; and I shall descend to the grave of my 
 fathers with the cheering reflection that I have not lived and laboured in vain. 
 
 S. P. 
 BIRMINGHAM, MAT 24TH, 1841. 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. THE date of the preceding Preface, accurately 
 transcribed from a perfect copy of the Dictionary which came into my 
 possession in June, 1841, and which I still possess, will incontrovertibly 
 prove that the last sheet of the concluding Part of the work had then 
 received from my hand, its final correction. Justice to my character 
 as a writer, demands that this fact be distinctly placed upon record ; 
 and extorts from me the formal avowal that, for the delay which has 
 since taken place in the publication of this Dictionary, I am not 
 responsible. 
 
 The principle upon which I have been induced to select the French as 
 the leading language of the work has frequently been questioned, and 
 discussed, by literary men. My reply is that it was expressly intended 
 to assist the uninitiated in acquiring a correct knowledge of French and 
 German medical and scientific literature ; and as the French is much 
 more extensively studied than the German, in this country, and is
 
 Vll. 
 
 generally spoken, or read, in all the great Medical Schools and Scientific 
 Institutions of Europe, the expediency of rendering it a French 
 Dictionary is at once obvious. Upon this ground, I am induced to 
 hope that my work may acquire not only a British, but an European, 
 circulation. The French possesses, moreover, the signal advantage of 
 furnishing a great number of modern scientific terms which will be in 
 vain sought for in the Latin, and in the other European languages. 
 
 For the base and illegitimate character of many of the Latin synonymes, 
 introduced into this work, I must apologize to the learned reader. They 
 will not be found in the productions of any pure and classic writer or 
 lexicographer. The sin of paternity of this spurious offspring rests not, 
 however, on my head. I adopted them rather from necessity than 
 choice. Among the numerous terms of this kind which presented them- 
 selves for adoption, some were so execrably vile that I hesitated not, 
 for a moment, to reject them. 
 
 Within the four years which have elapsed since this Dictionary was 
 completed, many branches of science which it was intended to illustrate, 
 have been cultivated with extraordinary energy and success. In Com- 
 parative and Microscopic Anatomy, Systematic Zoology, Palaeontology, 
 and Organic Chemistry, the stride of discovery and improvement has 
 been most rapid and conspicuous. Hence, in these departments, defects 
 which would not have occurred if my labours had been protracted to the 
 present period, will be discovered. With the knowledge and experience 
 which I have subsequently acquired in scientific lexicography, I am vain 
 enough to believe that I could, by this time, have produced, upon the 
 present plan, what a learned correspondent, with whom I have not yet 
 the honour of being personally acquainted, has been pleased to designate 
 this imperfect volume, " a national work."* 
 
 That I may be induced to compile a Supplement, or Appendix, to this 
 Dictionary, accompanied by Latin, Italian, and English Indexes, is not 
 improbable. Materials for such an extension of my labours have 
 long been accumulating in my Portfolio. Gentlemen meeting, in the 
 perusal of French literature, with apt and legitimately constructed terms 
 which have eluded my vigilance and research, will, therefore, confer a 
 favour upon me by noting, as they may occur, any such terms, and 
 transmitting them to my residence in Tamworth or Birmingham. 
 
 SHIRLEY PALMER, M.D. 
 
 Tuesday, May 6th, 1845. 
 
 Dr REID CLANNY, of Sunderland.
 
 LIST AND EXPLANATION 
 
 OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THIS WORK. 
 
 adjective. Linn. 
 
 Linnaeus. 
 
 Annee, French. 
 
 Mod. 
 
 Modern. 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 m. 
 
 masculine. 
 
 besonders, German. 
 
 n. 
 
 neuter. 
 
 Blumenbach. 
 
 Ph. Gall. 
 
 Pharmacopoea Gallica. 
 
 British. 
 
 pi. 
 
 plural. 
 
 Chaussier. 
 
 s. 
 
 substantive. 
 
 
 t 
 
 
 Olivier. 
 Daudin. 
 
 8. I. 
 
 sing. 
 
 singular. 
 
 Dumeril. 
 
 s. m. 
 
 substantive masculine. 
 
 English. 
 
 s. n. 
 
 , 
 
 
 French. 
 
 Somm. 
 
 Sommering. 
 
 feminine. 
 
 S P . 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 Fabricius. 
 
 Syn. synon. 
 
 synonymous. 
 
 Fleming. 
 
 t. torn. 
 
 tome, F. 
 
 German. 
 
 usw. 
 
 und so weiter, G. 
 
 Greek. 
 
 v. vol. 
 
 volume. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 V. 
 
 verb. 
 
 Jussieu. 
 
 v. a. 
 
 active. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Vig. 
 
 Vigors. 
 
 Lamarck. 
 
 v. n. 
 
 verb neuter. 
 
 Adj. 
 
 An. 
 
 Arab. 
 
 bes. 
 
 Bl. 
 
 Br. 
 
 Ch. 
 
 Cuv. 
 
 Baud. 
 
 Dum. 
 
 E. 
 
 P. 
 
 f. 
 
 Fabr. 
 
 Fl. 
 
 G. 
 
 Gr. 
 
 It. 
 
 J. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lam. 
 
 Any term, printed in small capitals, which does not constitute the leading term, or 
 one of the leading terms, of an Article, as DYSECIE and PARACOUSIE, in the Article 
 COPHOSE, and ANEMONE, in CO<IUELOURDE, must be considered, by the reader, as 
 especially referred to. 
 
 ERRORS FOR CORRECTION. 
 
 ABAJOUR. 
 
 
 read ABAJOCTE. 
 
 ABOMASUM. 
 
 for unterster, 
 
 unterste. 
 
 ACARE. 
 
 anapijs, 
 
 aKapr/s. 
 
 ACEPHALOBRACHE. 
 
 * Ppaxlav, 
 
 Ppaxiav. 
 
 ACETATE. -f- 
 
 acetas, m. 
 
 acetas, n. 
 
 ACRE. | 
 
 die scharfe, 
 
 expunge die. 
 
 AIGU. 
 
 ein, 
 
 read eine. 
 
 ALAMBIC. 
 
 sand-bath, 
 
 water-bath. 
 
 ALBUGINE. 
 
 weissen, 
 
 iveisse. 
 
 ALONGE. 
 
 verlangerte, 
 
 das verlangerte. 
 
 ANEVRISME. 
 
 das anevrysmatische, 
 
 die anevrysmatische. 
 
 ANGULAIRE. 
 
 stirnbeines, 
 
 stirnbeins. 
 
 ANTHERE. 
 
 vier-fachrige, 
 
 \\GT-fachriger. 
 
 AOCHLESIE. 
 
 ein, 
 
 der. 
 
 AVEUGLE. 
 
 blinde darm, 
 
 der blinde darm. 
 
 AZYME. 
 
 ungesauert, 
 
 ungesduertes. 
 
 BALBUTIEMENT. 
 
 inferior laryngeal, 
 
 superior. 
 
 CACHALOT. 
 
 Kara, 
 
 Karoo. 
 
 COARCTATION. 
 
 C. 
 
 L. 
 
 * There are several other errors of accentuation of the Greek. 
 
 f The same error requires correction in Carbonas, and other Latin nouns ending in ax. 
 
 J A like error exists in the Articles, ANALEPTICIUE, ANAMNESIE, ANTHELMINTKJUE, 
 
 and CARMINATIF. 
 Errors of the same kind will be found in APOPSYCHIE, ARTEBIOLE, and ARTHREM-
 
 DICTIONARY. 
 
 ABA 
 
 A and aa represent, in medical prescrip- 
 tion, the Greek v, (French de chaque, 
 and German von jedem,) of each. In 
 Latin, the adject, singulorum or arum, 
 according to the gender of the preceding 
 nouns, is more precise and elegant. Exs. 
 Extract! Anthemidis, Pulveris Scillae, 
 singulorum ^1. Tincturse Sennse, Tinct. 
 Aloes, singularum jl. In French formulae, 
 the aa, in German, the ana, is com- 
 monly employed. 
 
 ABAISSEMENT, s. m. depressio, defec- 
 tio, f. L. herabziehung, niederziehung, 
 f., niedersinken, n., niederschlagung, f. G., 
 lowering ; sinking or falling down ; de- 
 pression ; failure, lowness. Exs. 1. An 
 effect of the action of depressor muscles : 
 Abaissement du bras, lowering of the arm. 
 2. The condition of a part or organ sink- 
 ing from its own weight : de 1'uterus, 
 falling down (prolapsus) of the womb. 
 3. A mode of surgical operation for cata- 
 ract : operation de la cataracte par abaisse- 
 ment, operation for cataract by depression. 
 4. A mental affection resulting from 
 the influence of physical or moral causes: 
 de courage, defectio animi, L.., 
 niedergeschlagenheit, f. G., depression 
 failure lowness of spirits. 
 
 ABAISSEUR, s. m., and adj., depressor: 
 a name given to those muscles (musculi 
 depressores, L. niederziehende muskeln, 
 G.;, whose function consists in depressing 
 the organ or part to which their moveable 
 extremity is attached. Exs. 
 
 1. de rceil, depressor of the eye. See 
 DROIT inferieur . 
 
 2. de la machoire inferieure, depressor 
 of the lower jaw. See DIGASTRIQUE. 
 
 3. de Vaile du nez, (alveolo-nasal, 
 Chaussier),_depressor alse nasi, myrti- 
 formis, L., herabzieher des nasenflugels, 
 G., depressor of the ala nasi : a pair of 
 muscles extending from the vicinity of 
 
 ABA 
 
 the anterior nasal spine to the posterior 
 region of the corresponding ala nasi. 
 
 4. de r angle des levres, (maxillo-labial, 
 Ch.) depressor anguli oris, triangularis 
 menti, L., herabzieher des mundwinkels, 
 G., depressor of the angle of the mouth: 
 a triangular muscle extending, on each 
 side, from the external oblique line of the 
 lower jaw to the commissure of the lips. 
 
 5. (carve) de la levre inferieure, carrd 
 du men ton, (mento-labial, Ch.) depressor 
 labii inferioris, quadratus menti, L. her- 
 abzieher der unterlippe, G., depressor 
 of the lower lip : a square muscle extend- 
 ing, on each side, from the external max- 
 illary line to the lower lip. 
 
 ABAiss'EVti.delalangue, y^wtrffoKoira^ti;, 
 linguae depressor: an instrument where- 
 with to depress the tongue, instead of the 
 spoon ordinarily employed, in examina- 
 tion of the fauces. 
 
 ABAJOUR, s. f. : a cavity in the sub- 
 stance of the cheek of certain frugivoroua 
 or granivorous mammifera ; destined for 
 the temporary reception of food which the 
 animal is thus enabled to carry off, or de- 
 vour at leisure. This cheek-pouch is seen 
 in some species of the genera Simia and 
 Marmota. It is said to exist also in the 
 Ornithorhynchus paradoxus. See Philosoph. 
 Transact. 1800. Part 1., PL 2, f. 2. 
 
 ABAPTISTA, ABAPTISTON, s. (a priv., 
 p>a.wru t I plunge) : a name given by Galen 
 to the crown of the trephine which had 
 formerly the figure of a truncated cone 
 to prevent the sudden plunging of the in- 
 strument into the brain in the operation 
 of trephining. Eine trephine ein trepan 
 mit konischer krone, G., a trephine a 
 trepan with a conical crown. 
 
 ABATARDISEMENT, s. m^ degenera- 
 
 tio, deprayatio, f. L.,--ausartung, G., . 
 
 degeneration, depravation. Ex. d'une 
 
 race .d'un animal du type primitif, F. 
 
 B
 
 ABD 
 
 degeneration of a race an animal from 
 the original type. ABATABDIR (s'), v. n., 
 degenerare, ausarten, to degenerate. 
 
 ABATTEMENT, s. m. virium defectio, 
 L. kraftlosigkeit, mattigkeit, f. G., loss 
 of strength, sense of general weakness and 
 depression. 
 
 ABATTBE, v. a., dejicere, deprimere, 
 Li., niederwerfen, niederstossen, G., 
 to depress. Ex. la cataracte, F. den 
 staar stechen, G. to depress the cataract. 
 
 ABCKDEH, v. n. abscedere, L., eitern, 
 schwaren, G., to suppurate, to terminate 
 in suppuration or abscess. 
 
 ABCES, s. m., abscessio, f., abscessus, 
 m. (from abscedere), apostema, n. L. 
 a,*i>irrnftu, eiterbeule, f., geschwiir, n., 
 G., impostume, abscess : a collection of 
 pus in a cavity formed by a morbid pro- 
 cess, with or without tumour. The ab- 
 scess is acute, aigu, when succeeding acute 
 inflammation ; chronic, chronique, or scro- 
 fulous, scrqfuleux, when resulting from 
 chronic or scrofulous disease ; idiopathic, 
 idiopathique, when occupying the same site 
 as the previous affection ; symptomatic, 
 symptomatique or metastatic, metastatique, 
 when appearing in a remote situation. 
 Abscesses are also distinguished by the 
 names of the parts with which they are 
 Connected. Exs. Abces lombaire, lacrymal, 
 biliaire, urinaire, stercoral, abscess origi- 
 nating from, or connected with, disease in 
 the loins, in the lachrymal, biliary, urina- 
 ry, or lower intestinal passages Lanzette 
 zur 6'ftnung von geschwuren, G., a lancet 
 for opening abscesses, an abscess-lancet. 
 
 ABDOMEN, s. m.. abdomen, abdumen, 
 n. (abdere, to conceal), venter, m., venter 
 imus, infimus, alvus, f., L. -yxtrrrip, 
 unterleib, unterbauch, schmeerbauch, m., 
 G., the belly: one of the three great vis- 
 ceral cavities, possessed by the higher ani- 
 mals : bounded, above, in man, by the di- 
 aphragm ; posteriorly, by the lumbar ver- 
 tebrae ; laterally and anteriorly, by (he 
 abdominal muscles and integuments ; and 
 communicating, below, wifh the pelvis 
 It is invested, internally, by the perito- 
 neum; and contains, in addition to the 
 chylopoietic organs, the large abdominal 
 blood-vessels, thoracic duct, and part of 
 the urinary and generative apparatus. 
 See BAS-VENTRE. The Abdomen, ia In- 
 sects, includes the whole portion of body 
 situated behind the thorax, back as well 
 as belly. The legs, in this class, are never 
 attached to the abdomen: all the six limbs 
 are strictly thoracic. 
 
 ABDOMINAL, adj., abdominalis, L. 
 zum schmeerbauche gehorig, G. belong- 
 ing or relating to the belly, abdominal 
 
 Exs. Anneau abdominal, aorte abdominale, 
 (unterleibes-aorta, G.), muscles abdomin- 
 aux (bauchmuskeln, G.), parois abdomin- 
 
 ABD 
 
 ales, abdominal ring, aorta, muscles, pari- 
 etes. The term, Abdominal, is also employ- 
 ed, in Ichthyology, to designate one of the 
 four orders of osseous fishes, of Linnaeus, 
 and one of the families of the Malacoptery- 
 gii, or soft-finned fishes, of Cuvier ; the 
 individuals belonging to which are distin- 
 guished by having the ventral fins placed 
 behind, or nearer to the tail than, the pec- 
 toral. Exs. Common Pike and Salmon. 
 
 ABDOMINOSCOPIE, s. f., abdominosco- 
 pia, f. L. (abdomen, and ax'o-jetu, I survey), 
 exploration of the belly, (die untersuch- 
 ung des unterleibes, G.) for the detection 
 of disease. 
 
 ABDUCTEUR, s. m. and adj. abductor, 
 m., abducens, JL. (abducere, to remove 
 from), abductor : a name given to those 
 muscles (musculi abductores, L. ; abzieh- 
 ende muskeln, G.), whose office consists in 
 withdrawing the members or parts which 
 they are destined to move, from the me- 
 sial line of the body, or of the organ, to 
 which they belong. Exs. 
 
 1. de rceil, abductor of the eye. See 
 DROIT externe . 
 
 2. du petit doigt, abductor of the little 
 finger. See OPPOSANT. 
 
 3. de la cuisse, abductor of the thigh. 
 See FESSIER and FASCIA LATA. 
 
 4. transverse du gros orteil, of the 
 great toe. See TRANSVERSAL. 
 
 5. (court) du pouce, (carpo-sus-pha- 
 langien du pouce, Ch.) abductor brevis 
 pollicis manus, L., kurzer abzieher des 
 daumens, G., short abductor of the 
 thumb : a triangular muscle extending 
 from the os scaphoides, and adjacent part 
 of the anterior annular carpal ligament to 
 the exterior side of the summit of the 1st 
 phalanx of the thumb. 
 
 6. (long) du pouce, (cubito-sus-meta- 
 carpien du pouce, Ch.), abductor longus 
 pollicis manus, langer abzieher des dau- 
 mens, G., long abductor of the thumb : a 
 muscle extending from the posterior long- 
 itudinal crest of the ulna and radius, to 
 the exterior of the summit of the meta- 
 carpal bone of the thumb. Syn. Extensor 
 primus, primi internodii, ext. ossis me- 
 tacarpi, pollicis. 
 
 7. du gros orteil, (metatarso-sous-pha- 
 langien du premier orteil, Ch.), abduct- 
 or pollicis pedis hallucis, L., abzieher 
 der grossen zehe, G., abductor of the 
 great toe : a plantar muscle extending 
 from the os calcis, cuboides, and posterior 
 extremity of the 3rd and 4th metatarsal 
 bones, to the sesamoid bone and 1st pha- 
 lanx of the great toe. 
 
 8. du petit orteil, (calcaneo-sous-pha- 
 langien du petit orteil, Ch.), abductor 
 minimi digiti pedis, L., abzieher der 
 kleinen zehe, G., abductor of the little 
 toe: extends from the os calcis and 5th
 
 ABL 
 
 metatarsal bone, to the 1st phalanx of the 
 little toe. 
 
 ABDUCTION, s. f. abductio, f. JL. (abdu- 
 cere), abziehung, f. : die bewegung eines 
 muskels der ein glied ausw'drts zieht, G., 
 abduction : the action of a muscle by 
 which a limb (or part) is drawn outwards 
 from the mesial line. 
 
 ABEILLE, s. f. Mlx/a-a-a, Apis, f., L., 
 Imme, Biene, f. G., Bee: a genus of the 
 Class Insecfa, Order Hymenoptera, and 
 family ApidtB of modern Entomologists. 
 The genus, as now constituted, compre- 
 hends but one species, the abeille mellifi- 
 que domestique, of French ; apis melltfica 
 domestica, of systematic, honigbiene, of 
 German, and honey-bee, of British wri- 
 ters ; well-known for the sting which the 
 female and neuters possess, and for the 
 honey and wax produced by the latter. 
 The male or drone, has no sting. For an 
 account of the Family, see Kirby's Mono- 
 graphia apum Anglice; of the Genus, Fau- 
 ne des Medecins, vol. 1, p. 74. 
 
 ABELMOSCH, s. m. : a term, from the 
 Arabic, signifying masked seeds, graines 
 musquees F., grana moschata, L. , bi- 
 samkorner, G.; and employed to designate 
 the fruit, possessing a musky odour, of the 
 Hibiscus abelmoschus. See AMBRETTE. 
 
 ABERRATION, s. f., aberration, f., L. 
 (aberrare, to deviate) abweichung, abir- 
 
 rung, f. G aberration : irregularity ; 
 
 derangement, or deviation from the 
 healthy condition, in the aspect, structure 
 or functions of an organ or apparatus of 
 organs. Exs. de la nutrition, des fa- 
 culte's physiques ou intellectuelles, F., 
 aberration of the functions of nutrition, 
 of the physical or intellectual powers. 
 
 AB-IRRITATION, s. f., abirritatio, f. L. 
 ab-irritation : a term, of obvious deriva- 
 tion, incorrectly applied, by Broussais, to 
 denote diminution of the vital phenomena 
 in the various tissues : nearly synony- 
 mous with ASTHENIE and ATONIE. 
 
 ABLACTATION, s. f., ablactatio, I.. 
 Cab, from, lacto, I suckle), absaugung, 
 G., ablactation : cessation from suckling, 
 as regards the mother ; and thus distin- 
 guished from weaning, sevrage, m. F., 
 a lacte depulsio, L., entwohnung, G., 
 on the part of the child. 
 
 ABLATION, s. , ablatio, f. L. (auferre, 
 to remove), absonderung, , wegnehm- 
 ung, f. G. ablation: separation or re- 
 moval of a part, organ, limb, or tumour, by 
 accident or surgical operation, from the 
 animal body. 
 
 ABLUANT, adj., abluens, L. (abluere, 
 to wash): Ex. Abluentia, L., abfuhrende 
 reinigende mittel, G., abluent cleansing 
 remedies. See ABSTERGENT. 
 
 ABLUTION, s. f. ablutio, f , L. (same), 
 abwaschung, G., ablution : the act 
 
 ABR 
 
 of washing with water or other fluid,part 
 or whole of the body. By lavage, F., 
 pharmaceutical substances are purified 
 from the extraneous matters frequently 
 mixed up with them. 
 
 ABOLITION, s. , abolitio, f. I/, (abo- 
 lere, to abolish), abschaffung, f. G., 
 abolition : cessation of the functions of 
 the whole, or part, of the animal machine. 
 Exs. de la sensibilite, du mouvement 
 circulatoire ou musculaire, de 1'action 
 des organes des sens, de la vie, F., abo- 
 lition of sensibility, of the circulating or 
 muscular motion, of the action of the 
 organs of the senses, of life. 
 
 ABOMASUM, ABOMASUS, s. m., aboma- 
 sus, m. L rivuirrfav, caillette, f. F., der 
 unterster (vierte) magen der wiederkauen- 
 den thiere, G., the lowermost (fourth) sto- 
 mach of ruminating animals, rennet. In 
 ruminantibus, quatuor numerantur ven- 
 triculi : primus dicitur venter; deinde 
 reticulum, omasus, et abomasus, L. The 
 three first may be regarded as mere re- 
 ceptacles preparatory organs of digestion 
 of the food. A fourth stomach exists 
 also in the Cetacea. 
 
 ABORT IF, adj., abortivus, L. (aborto y 
 I miscarry) ixrj>vp.a.rixi>s, unzeitig, G., 
 abortive, relative to abortion. Exs. foe- 
 tus abortif, F., eine itnzeitige geburt, G. 
 a foetus born before its time. Abortiva (re- 
 medes aborlifs, F., abtreibende mittel, n., 
 G., abortive remedies) sunt medicamenta 
 quae uterum aperiunt, foetumque et pla- 
 centam prcemature expellunt. In Botany, 
 those flowers are termed neuter or abor- 
 tive, flores abortivi, L., in which both sta- 
 mens and pistils are defective. 
 
 ABOUCHEMENT, s. m., anastomosis, in- 
 osculatio, , L., zusammenflus, m., ein- 
 miindung, zusammenmundung, f. G. 
 anastomosis, inosculation, conflux: the 
 union of vessels in the animal body. Exs. 
 de deux arteres, F., der zusammenflus 
 zweyer blutadern, G., inosculation of two 
 arteries, conflux of two veins. 
 
 ABRASION, s. f. abrasio, (dbradere, to 
 scrape), abschaben, n. G., abrasion : a 
 term, when applied to the intestines, signi- 
 fying superficial ulceration, with loss of 
 substance in shreds, of the intestinal mu- 
 cous membrane. Abrasio intestinorum 
 est ulceratio partium superficialium in 
 intestinis, qua earundem partium ramenta 
 educuntur una cum fcecibus. Externally, 
 excoriation ; ulceration of the skin, of like 
 character. 
 
 ABRICOT, s. m., malum armeniacum, 
 Ij., aprikose, f. G., apricot: the fruit of 
 the AMcotier, m. F., aprikosenbaum, m. 
 G., apricot-tree, Prunus armeniaca, of 
 Linnaeus, Armeniaca vulgaris, pf La- 
 marck ( Icosandria, monogynia, ^>.; Rosaccce, 
 J.) : came originally from Armenia ; flow- 
 
 B2
 
 ABS 
 
 ers in March : trunk and branches afford 
 much gum ; the kernel, hydrocyanic acid. 
 
 ABROTANUM, s. m. ( priv., fyoros, 
 mortal), a species of shrub aurrfne, ci- 
 tronelle. f. F., stabwurz, f., G., south- 
 ernwood : Artemisia abrotanum, ( Synge- 
 nesia,polygam.superflua; Corymbiferee): in- 
 troduced from south of Europe : bitter, 
 anthelmintic, slightly tonic. 
 
 ABRUPTION, s. , abruptio, f. L. (ab- 
 rumpere, to tear asunder), abbrechung, 
 abreissung, f. G. abruption : sudden 
 separation by violence. Ex. Partis ossis ab 
 alters^ separatio, L., die abreissung eines 
 theils des knochens von dem andern, G., 
 abruption of one part of the bone from 
 another. 
 
 ABRUS, s. m., Liane a riglisse, Abrus- 
 strauch, m. G., Wild-liquorice: a genus 
 in Botany (Diadelphia decandr. ; Legumi- 
 noscB); containing only one species, A. 
 precatorius, Jamaica wild-liquorice. Its 
 seeds pois rouges des Indes, F. Indian- 
 ische rothe erbsen, G., of a bright-scarlet 
 colour with a black spot, formerly employ- 
 ed for necklaces and rosaries, are said to be 
 eaten like those of other leguminous plants, 
 in Egypt. Linnaeus describes them as poi- 
 sonous : and Gmelin, on the authority of 
 Sloane, (Hist, of Jamaica, v. \, p. 180), says 
 that, "when swallowed, they induce vio- 
 lent vomiting, pains, convulsions, and even 
 death." The long sweet cylindrical roots 
 are used in the W. Indies, Uke those of the 
 common liquorice in Europe. 
 
 ABSCES. See ABCES. 
 
 ABSCISSION', s. f. abscissio (abscidere, to 
 cut off), ablatio, f. L. abschneidung, f. 
 G., excision : removal of an organ or 
 soft part by the knife. Employed also to 
 denote fracture or wound with loss of sub- 
 stance ; and abrupt termination of a dis- 
 ease. Sometimes incorrectly written Ab- 
 cission. 
 
 ABSINTHE (grande) s. f. ( priv., ^/v^, 
 sweetness) aluine, f. F. vermuth, m. 
 G., wormwood, Artemisia absinthium, 
 (Syngenesia, polyg. superft. ; Corymbiferee) : 
 a bitter aromatic plant, reputed to pos- 
 sess stimulant, tonic, and anthelmintic 
 virtues. LA PETITE ABSINTHE ( A. pon- 
 tica), lesser wormwood, exhibits like pro- 
 perties in an inferior degree. 
 
 ABSORBANT, s. and adj., absorbens, L. 
 (absorbere, to suck up, to imbibe), absor- 
 bent. This term, in Medicine, has three 
 different significations : it is applied, 1. to 
 certain minute vessels destined to absorb 
 chyle from the intestines and lymph fronv 
 other parts of the body, vaisseaux absor- 
 bans, F., vasa absorbentia, L., die einsaug- 
 endengefiisae, G., the absorbent vessels: 
 2. to pharmaceutical substances which 
 possess the property of taking up, or neu- 
 tralizing, acid generated in the primse vise, 
 
 ABS 
 
 remedes absorbans, F medicamina absor- 
 bentia, L., die sa'ure zerstorende oder ab- 
 sorbirende arzeneymittel, G., absorbent or 
 ant-acid remedies, as creta, magnesia: and 
 3. to substances employed, in Surgery, 
 for the absorption of moisture, or repres- 
 sion of haemorrhage, from a wound or sore ; 
 as lint, sponge, agaric, or spider's web. 
 
 ABSORPTION, s. , absorptio (same) 
 resorptio, f. L., einsaugung, f. G. ab- 
 sorption, the act of absorbing : a func- 
 tion common to all beings endowed with 
 life, plants or animals ; whereby the for- 
 mer take up from without, and the latter 
 from the interior of their own body, a sup- 
 ply of materials essential to the suste- 
 nance of the living principle : also, a pro- 
 perty possessed by some inanimate or 
 unorganized substances, of porous struc- 
 ture ; as sponge or chalk. 
 
 ABSTEME, s. m., and adj. abstemius, 
 L. (abs, without, temetum, wine), 0,01110;, 
 qui vino abstinet, L. der sich vom 
 wein enthiilt, G., one who abstains from 
 wine, abstemious. This is the precise 
 meaning ; but the term is vulgarly em- 
 ployed to denote moderation in dietetic 
 indulgences of every kind, abstinence a 
 cibo et potu, L. from solid food as well 
 as liquids. 
 
 ABSTERGENT, s. m. and adj. abster- 
 gens, L. (abstergere, to cleanse), abf uh- 
 rend, G. abstergent. Remedes abster- 
 gens, F abstergentia, L., abfiihrungs- 
 mittel, G., abstergent or abstersive re- 
 medies are applications which possess 
 the property of cleansing organic surfaces 
 from the viscid matters, or sordes, which 
 adhere to them. Their efficacy depends 
 on the presence of a saponaceous principle. 
 Soap and water constitute an abstergent 
 application ; simple water, an abluent. 
 Applied to suppurating surfaces, the 
 former acquire the appellation of Deter- 
 sives. 
 
 ABSTERGER, v. a. (same) nettoyer, F. 
 abfiihren, reinigen, G. to absterge, to 
 cleanse. Eine wunde oder geschwiir ab- 
 fiihren, G. to cleanse a wound or sore, 
 by an abstergent or detersive application. 
 
 ABSTERSIF, s. m. and adj. abstersivus, 
 L., an abstersive ; abstersive : synony- 
 mous with Abstergent. 
 
 ABSTERSION, s. , abstersio, L., 
 abf uhrung, f. G. abstersion : the act. of 
 absterging ; the operation of abstergent re- 
 medies. 
 
 ABSTINENCE, s. , abstinentia (absti- 
 nere, to abstain), temperantia, continentia, 
 L. anna, ^ip..y%t(t, enthaltung, ent- 
 haltsamkeit, G. abstinence, conti- 
 nence : privation, perfect or imperfect, of 
 food, drink, sexual intercourse, study, or 
 other object of physical or intellectual en- 
 joyment. French writers somewhat awk-
 
 ACA 
 
 wardly employ the term diete as synony- 
 mous with abstinence from stimulant food. 
 
 ABSTINENT, adj., abstinens, L. (same) 
 enthaltsam, G abstinent : besonders 
 im essen und trinken, G., especially as re- 
 gards food and drink. 
 
 ABSUS, s. : in Botany, a small plant, 
 Cassia absus, L. ( Decandria, monogyn. ; Le- 
 guminosae), four-leaved Cassia: a native 
 of Egypt and Ceylon. The powdered 
 seeds are employed, mixed with sugar, as 
 a topical remedy hi Egyptian ophthalmy. 
 
 ABUTILON, s. f., a species in Botany, 
 Sida abutilon, L. ( Monadelphia, potyandr. ; 
 Malvacece), broad-leaved Sida: an annual, 
 growing in both Indies: mucilaginous and 
 emollient. 
 
 ACACIA, (sue d') (' Axax/a, not * ?) 
 gomme Arabique, F., acaciae gummi, gum- 
 mi Arabicum, L., Arabisches gummi, mi- 
 mosengummi, n. G gum arabic, acacia 
 gum : a solid substance, exuding from an 
 Egyptian tree, Mimosa nilotica, ( Polyga- 
 mia, monoecia; Leguminosts), der Acacien- 
 baum, Egyptischer schotendorn, m. G. 
 the Egyptian thorn Acacia (Acacia vera, of 
 L,oudon's Encyclopaedia, p. 358). An infe- 
 rior sort of gum, obtained from the fruit 
 of the black-thorn, Primus spinosa, L., 
 prunellier, F., schlehendorn, schwarz- 
 dorn, G.; and called Acacia nostras, L., 
 schlehensaft, G. is frequently substi- 
 tuted for it in the shops. 
 
 ACAJOU (noix d') elephantenlaus, aka- 
 junuss, f. G., cashew-nut: the fruit of the 
 Anacardium occidental ( Enneandria, mo~ 
 nogyn. Terebintaceee ), der elephantenlaus- 
 baum, acajoubaum, G Cashew-nut tree, 
 growing in the East Indies and South 
 America. The Apple, from the end of 
 which the nut protrudes, has a grateful 
 sub-acid, somewhat astringent flavour : it 
 is eaten roasted; forms good lemonade 
 and punch. The juice, fermented, yields 
 an agreeable wine ; distilled, a fine and 
 powerfully diuretic spirit. The Pericarp 
 presents numerous small lacunae filled 
 with an inflammable, acrid, and caustic 
 oil, which stains linen of a rusty-iron co- 
 lour ; prevents decay in wood ; destroys 
 ringworm, cancerous ulceration, warts, 
 corns; violently irritates the skin and 
 blisters the lips when brought into con- 
 tact with them : and, taken internally, 
 operates, according to Gmelin ( Pfianzen- 
 ffifte, p. 378), as a strong poison. The 
 Kernel, resembling in shape and size, a 
 hare's kidney, aifords a sweet milky juice; 
 is excellent food, fresh or roasted ; and 
 imparts, when dried, a delicious flavour 
 to Madeira-wine. The Tree yields, on in- 
 cision, a milky fluid which gives to linen 
 an indestructible black dye; and, by exu- 
 dation, a gum equal to that of the Acacia. 
 
 ACAMPSIE, s. f. ( priv., xdftwrw, 1 bend), 
 5 
 
 ACA 
 
 acampsia, rigiditas, f. L., unbiegsam- 
 keit, f. G., inflexibility, rigidity, Exs. 
 rigiditas articulorum, L., inflexibility of 
 the joints (synonymous with Anchylosis) , 
 die unbiegsamkeit (akampsie) der glieder, G., 
 rigidity of the muscles. 
 
 ACANTHABOLE, S. m. (&KK10K, a thorn, 
 
 /SaXXw, I strike) acanthabolus, m., vol- 
 sella, f. L. gratenzange, , em chirur- 
 gisches instrument zum herausziehen 
 der knochensplitter, G., an instrument 
 employed in Surgery, for the extraction 
 of splinters of bone, or other foreign bo- 
 dies from a wound or from the pharynx. 
 
 ACANTHE, s. Branc-ursine, a genus 
 in Botany, Acanthus, (Didynamia angio- 
 
 sperm. ; Acanthacete), Branca ursina, L 
 
 Barenklau, m. G., Bear's breech : one spe- 
 cies, A. mollis, smooth bear's breech, a na- 
 tive of Italy, is emollient ; roots a good 
 substitute for those of marsh-mallow. 
 
 ACARDIE, s. f. acardia, f. L. (a priv., 
 xapb'ia, heart), herzlosigkeit, fl G. , the 
 condition of a foetus born without a heart, 
 der zustand eines foetus ohne herz, G. 
 
 ACARE, s. m., acarus, m. L. (*a^V, 
 indivisible), ciron,m., mite, f. F., milbe, 
 G., mite : a tribe of minute animals 
 belonging to the Articulata, of Cuvier; 
 formerly included among apterous insects 
 by Linnaeus ; constituting one of the gen- 
 era of Arachnides, of modern French 
 and a distinct Class, Acari, in the systems 
 of British zoological writers. The Acari 
 differ from true insects, in being destitute 
 of antennae, and possessing occasionally 
 eight legs. The ckon mite sarcopte de 
 la gale, F., Acarus ( Sarcoptes) scabiei, L., 
 sometimes found in or near the vesicle of 
 Itch, but not invariably attendant on the 
 disease, belongs to this tribe. See Bate- 
 man, Synopsis, p. 201 ; Rayer, Traile, vol. 
 ii, p. 407 Plumbe, Practical Treatise on 
 Diseases of the Skin, p. 343. 
 
 ACATAPOSE, s. f., acataposis, L. ( 
 priv., xaTx-rofi;, deglutition) : das unvermo- 
 gen zu schlucken, G. inability to swallow. 
 
 ACAULIS, adj. ( priv., xauXoV, stem), 
 acaulis, L,., ohne stangel, G., without 
 stem, stemless : a term generally applied 
 to plants which have no stem, as dandeli- 
 on ; and particularly to a British species 
 of thistle, Cnicus acaulis, dwarf plume- 
 thistle. 
 
 ACAWERIA, s. m. : a term applied, in 
 Ceylon, to the bitter root of Ophyoxylum 
 serpentinum, (Polygamia, monoecia) red- 
 flowered ophioxylum, a supposed anti- 
 dote to the poison of serpents : hence the 
 generic name (Ufa, serpent, S-i/'Xav, wood.) 
 
 ACCABLEMENT, s. m. torpor, m. L., 
 ueberhaufung, f. G., torpor : an over- 
 whelming sense of weakness and oppres- 
 sion. 
 
 ACCELERATEUR s. m. and adj., acceler-
 
 ACC 
 
 ator : a term applied to a pair of muscles 
 (bulbo-caverneux, Ch.), muscles accelera- 
 teurs, F., acceleratores urinse, L., treib- 
 muskeln, barn und saamenschneller, G., 
 which extend from the bulb of the ure- 
 thra to the corpora cavernosa penis, and 
 accelerate, by their contraction, the expul- 
 sion of the sperm and urine. 
 
 ACCELERATIONS. , acceleratio, f. L.., 
 acceleration : a term employed, in Phy- 
 siology and Pathology, to denote increased 
 rapidity (die vermehrte schnelligkeit, G.) 
 of action in the heart and lungs. Exs. 
 du pouls, de la respiration, F. acceleration 
 of the pulse, of respiration. ACCELEKE, 
 adj., acceleratus, L., accelerated. 
 
 ACCES, s. m., accessus, m., accessio, f. 
 (accedere, to happen), exacerbatio, , pa- 
 roxysmus, m. ., yapa^v/r^ts, paroxys- 
 mus, zutritt, zugang, anfatl, m. G., ac- 
 cess, accession, attack, fit, paroxysm, exa- 
 cerbation : a term employed in speaking of 
 both moral and physical affections. Exs. 
 de tristesse, de colere, a fit of grief, of 
 anger; d' hemoptysie, d' e'pilepsie, an 
 attack of haemoptysis, a paroxysm of epilep- 
 sy. In Medicine, the term, access, is re- 
 stricted to the assemblage of phenomena 
 which signalize the recurrence of periodical 
 diseases, as intermittent fever; and com- 
 prehends their cold, hot, and sweating sta- 
 ges: while paroxysm and exacerbation are 
 employed more especially to designatelhe 
 aggravations of continued and remittent 
 fevers ; which consist in simple increase of 
 the febrile symptoms, unpreceded by 
 shivering. The term, Fievre d 1 acces, is, 
 however, used by the French, as synony- 
 mous with intermittent, remittent, or pe- 
 riodical fever. 
 
 ACCESSOIRE, s. m., and adj. accesso- 
 rius, L. accessory : that which accompa- 
 nies, or is auxiliary to, some principal part 
 or organ. In Botany, organes accessoires, 
 E., organa accessoria, L. die nebentheile, 
 G. accessory organs. In Anatomy, the 
 term is used to designate certain auxiliary 
 muscles, glands, nerves, and subordinate 
 parts of organs. Exs. 
 
 1. du long (grand) flechisseur commun 
 des orteils, accessorius flexoris longi digi- 
 torum pedis, caro quadrata Sylvii, planta- 
 ris verus, L. : a square muscle, extending 
 obliquely from the os calcis to the exter- 
 nal border of the long flexor of the toes. 
 
 2. de f obturator interne, accessorius 
 obturatoris interni, L. : a name applied, 
 by Petit, to the gemini muscles, (zwillings- 
 muskeln, G.) of the thigh. 
 
 1. d6 Cowper (glande) : two groups 
 of mucous follicles, situated between the 
 prostate gland and the bulb of the ure- 
 thra; then: orifices opening into the canal 
 of the latter : glandular anteprostatse, L. 
 6 
 
 ACC 
 
 die Cowperschen driisen, G Cowper's 
 
 glands. 
 
 2. de la parotide : an appendage of 
 the parotid gland, almost always continu. 
 ous with it, and accompanying the parotid 
 duct. 
 
 1. du nerf crural: a name given to 
 the 4th and 5th pairs of lumbar nerves. 
 
 2. de Willis, nervus accessorius ad 
 par vagum, spinalis accessorius, L*, bey- 
 nerve, Willisischer beinerve, eilfter hirn- 
 nerve, G. spinal accessory : a pair of 
 nerves, originating from the spinal chord; 
 traversing the vertebral canal and foramen 
 occipitale ; joining the eighth pair within 
 the cranium ; issuing with it, from the fo- 
 ramen lacerum ; perforating the sterno- 
 mastoid, and distributed to the trapezius 
 and adjacent muscles. 
 
 Accessoire du pied d 1 hippocampe, acces- 
 sory of the pes hippocampi : a prominence 
 which forms the floor of the inferior horn 
 of the lateral ventricle of the brain. 
 
 In Pathology, the term is applied to 
 phenomena, symptomes accessoires, F., 
 symptomata accessoria, L., accompany- 
 ing those which are essential to the dis- 
 ease ; and, themselves, of secondary im- 
 portance. In Therapeutics, moyen acces- 
 soire, F., implies an auxiliary remedy, it- 
 self possessed of li ttle energy, but intended 
 to assist and sustain the operation of more 
 powerful agents. So, in common lan-r 
 guage, Sciences accessoires a la medecine, 
 signifies the Sciences auxiliary or tributary 
 to medicine. 
 
 ACCIDENT, s. m accidens, L. (accide- 
 re, to happen), zufall, m. G., accident: 
 a lesion occurring unexpectedly in the 
 course of a disease, and not essentially 
 connected with it, symptoma quod aegro 
 accidit, neque ab ipso malo pendet, Ju. : 
 hence differing from symptom, a pheno- 
 menon inherent in the morbid state. In 
 Surgery, haemorrhage, excessive pain, 
 erysipelas, constitute the accidents of a 
 wound ; and, if the accident be such as to 
 demand particular attention, it becomes a 
 complication. See EPIPHENOMENE. 
 
 AccroENTEL, adj accidentalis (same) 
 zufallig, G., fortuitous, casual ; taking 
 place, not necessarily, but by accident. 
 Ex. sympt6me accidentel, F., an accidental 
 symptom. In Morbid Anatomy, the term, 
 tissu accidentel, is applied to all structures 
 developed as the consequence of a morbid 
 process. An artificial anus is also some- 
 times termed anus accidentel, F. 
 
 ACCLIMATE, adj. climati assuetus, L., 
 ans klima gewohnt, G., inured to a 
 climate, acclimatized. 
 
 ACCLIMATEMENT, s. , climati assue- 
 tudo, L. gewohnung ans klima, G in- 
 urement to a climate: the modification
 
 ACE 
 
 effected in the human organism on passing 
 from one climate to another. 
 
 ACCOMPAGNEMENT, s. m., adjunctum, 
 L.., begleitung, f., G., adjunct, accom- 
 paniment. Ex. de la cataracte, F., 
 accompaniment of the cataract : a whitish 
 viscid matter which surrounds the opaque 
 crystalline ; and, remaining after the ope- 
 ration, sometimes induces secondary cata- 
 ract. 
 
 ACCOUCHEE, adj., used substantively, 
 <raxas, KKiboiixos, puerpera, L., wb'chner- 
 inn, kindbetterinn, f. G. : a woman who 
 has just lain in, a puerperal female. 
 
 ACCOUCHEMENT, s. m., TOKOS, par- 
 tus, m., parturitio, f. L. entbindung, 
 niederkunit, f. G. parturition, childbirth, 
 lying-in : expulsion, or extraction, of child 
 and placenta from the body of the mother. 
 It is said to be premature, F., premature, 
 when occurring from the 7th to the mid- 
 dle of the 9th month ; a terme, at full 
 time, on the expiration of the 9th : natu- 
 rel, natural, when accomplished by the 
 unassisted efforts of the mother ; labo- 
 rieux, laborious, when requiring the aid of 
 obstetric instruments. 
 
 ACCOUCHER, v. a., fu^StfMUf obste- 
 tricare, artem obstetricam exercere, L., 
 accouchiren, die hebammenkunst practi- 
 ciren, G., to deliver a woman, to prac- 
 tice the art of midwifery. Accoucher, 
 v. n roxatTv, parturire, L. nieder- 
 kommen, entbunden werden, G. to lie 
 in, to give birth to a child. 
 
 ACCOUCHEUR, s. m., partus adjutor, 
 
 L. geburtshelfer, hebarzt, m. G male 
 
 practitioner of the obstetric art, man-mid- 
 wife. 
 
 ACCOUCHEUSE, s. f., p,/x7a, obstetrix, 
 f. L., hebamme, wehmutter, f. G., a fe- 
 male practitioner of the obstetric art, mid- 
 wife. 
 
 ACCOUPLEMENT, s. m., copulatio, , 
 coitus, m., L paarung, begattung, f. G., 
 copulation, coition : the act of sexual 
 intercourse. S' ACCOUPLER, v. n., copu- 
 lare, sich paaren, to copulate. 
 
 ACCRETION, s. f. accretio, f. L. (accres- 
 co, I grow) anwachs, m. G. accretion : 
 synonymous with Accroissement. Some- 
 times employed to designate tubercular 
 growths. Ex. tuberculeuse, a tubercular 
 accretion. 
 
 ACCROISSEMENT, s. m accretio, f., in- 
 crementum, n. L., zuwachs, m., zunah- 
 me, vergrosserung, f. G., increase: aug- 
 mentation of the volume of a body by the 
 deposition of new molecules around those 
 already existing. 
 
 ACEPHALE, adj., sometimes used sub- 
 stantively (a priv., x.iQa.'kn, head), ace- 
 phalus, L., ohne haupt, G., acephalous: a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, to the young of 
 any animal born, from original defect of or- 
 
 7 
 
 ACE 
 
 ganization, without a head. Ex., fetus ace- 
 phale, F. an acephalous fcetus: in Zoology, 
 to the animals composing one of Cuvier's 
 divisions of the Class Mollusca, character- 
 ized by the absence of a head. The oyster 
 and mussel are familiar examples of the 
 acephalous Mollusca. 
 
 ACEPHALIE, s. fl (same), acephalia, f. 
 Li. kopflosigkeit, f. G., acephalism : the 
 condition of a foetus born without a head. 
 
 ACEPHALOBRACHE, adj., (same, and 
 Ppa%tiuv, arm), acephalobrachium, L., eine 
 leibesfrucht ohne kopf und arme, G., a 
 foetus without head and arms. 
 
 ACEPHALOCHIRE, adj. (same, and %tipy 
 hand), acephalochirus, L., a fcetus 
 ohne kopf und h'dnde, G. without head and 
 hands. 
 
 ACEPHALOCYSTE, s. m. (same, and 
 xua-ri;, bladder), Acephalocystis, f. L.., _ 
 Acephalocyst : a genus of entozoary or in- 
 testinal animals consisting of a simple 
 bladder without a head or other visible or- 
 gan (vers vesiculaires,F., vermes vesicu- 
 lares, I;., vesicular worms) ; formerly 
 included, with some others, under the 
 name hydatid, in the genus, Tcenia, of Lin- 
 naeus ; but now separated and distinguish- 
 ed from it by the preceding title. The 
 new genus comprehends, according to La- 
 ennec, four species, A. racemosa, ovoidea, 
 surculiaera, and granulosa. See Faune 
 des Medecins, v. 1, p. 127 ; or Dictionnaire 
 de Medecine, v. 1, p. 292. The characters 
 of animal life in the Acephalocyst, are so 
 obscure that many naturalists have regard- 
 ed it as only a particular mode of organic 
 alteration, and, consequently, destitute of 
 independent vitality. 
 
 ACEPHALOG ASTER, ACEPHALOSTOME, 
 
 ACEPHALOTHORE, all adj., and com- 
 pounded of the , and *iipxj, with yairrvp, 
 belly, <r\o[*.K, mouth, and 0vpee%, breast, 
 are terms respectively employed to desig- 
 nate animal monsters without head, breast, 
 or belly; with an orifice resembling a 
 mouth, on the upper part of the trunk ; 
 and without head and thorax. 
 
 ACERB E, adj acerbus, L., herbe, G. 
 acerb, harsh, rough, sour : a compound 
 of the acid and bitter, accompanied by a 
 sense of roughness or astringency. Ex. 
 Vin acerbe, F., vinum acerbum, L.., her- 
 ber wein, G., sour roughwine. ACERBITE, 
 s. f., acerbitas, acerbitudo, f. L., herbig- 
 keit, f. G., acerbity : the quality where- 
 by substances produce upon the organ of 
 taste, the impression just described. 
 
 ACERIDES, S. f. pi. (a priv., xvpos, wax), 
 
 acerides, unguenta vel emplastra quse 
 carent cera, L. salben oderpflaster welche 
 kein wachs enthalten, G., salves or plas- 
 ters which contain no wax. 
 
 ACESCENCE, s. f. acescentia, f. L. 
 (acescere, to grow sour) sauerlichkeit, die
 
 ACE 
 
 neigung zur siiure, f. G. acescence: a 
 disposition to become sour to assume the 
 characters of acidity. ACESCENT, adj a- 
 cescens, L., sauerlich, G., acescent 
 In technical language, acescenlia sunt talia 
 alimenta vel rredicamenta quae in acidum 
 vergunt. L., acescents are such articles of 
 diet, or medicines, as run into a state of 
 acidity ; welche leicht sauer werden, G., 
 which readily become acid. 
 
 ACETABULE, s. m. ( acetabulum, a cup 
 or dish). In Anatomy, a spherical cavity 
 existing in one bone for the reception of 
 another ; as the deep socket in the os in- 
 ominatum which lodges the head of the 
 thigh-bone : sometimes employed as sy- 
 nonymous with cavile cotyloide, F., cotyloid 
 cavity. In Zoology, a genus of very sin- 
 gular animals belonging to the Class, Po- 
 lypi, of Cuvier's grand division, Zoophyta. 
 In Botany, acetabulum (schale, f. G.) 
 signifies an hemispherical hollow body, or 
 
 cup. ACETABULIFORME, adj acetabuli- 
 
 formis, L. schalenfb'rmig, G'., acetabuli- 
 form, cup-like. 
 
 ACETATE, s. m. acetas, m. L. (acetum, 
 vinegar), acetate : a salt resulting from 
 the combination of acetic acid with a base. 
 All the acetates are decomposed by the 
 sulphuric, nitric, and hydrochloric acids, 
 and give out their own acid in the form of 
 vapour. The following are the principal 
 acetates employed in Medicine, or capable 
 of operating as poisons when introduced 
 into the animal economy: 
 
 <f ammomaque, acetas ammoniae, L. 
 essigsaures ammoniak, G., acetate of 
 ammonia. The esprit de Mindererus, a- 
 cetate d'ammoniaque liquide,F., spiritus 
 Mindereri, liquor ammonise acetatis, L., 
 Minderers geist, fliissiges essigsaures am- 
 moniak, G., Mindererus' spirit, liquid 
 (solution of) acetate of ammonia, is an 
 officinal preparation of this salt. 
 
 de deutoxide de cuivre, deutacetate de 
 cuivre, vert-de-gris, acetas cupri, cu- 
 prum acetatum. L. griinspan crystalle, 
 essigsaures kupfer, G. acetate of copper, 
 verdigris ; an irritating poison. 
 
 de deutoxide de mercure, deutacetate 
 acetate de mercure, acetas hydrargyri, 
 L.., essigsaures quecksilber, G. acetate 
 of mercury or quicksilver: anti-syphilitic; 
 constituting the principal ingredient of 
 Keyser's pills : sometimes topically em- 
 ployed, in aqueous solution, against cuta- 
 neous diseases. 
 
 de morphine, acetas morphii, L. 
 essigsaures morphium, G. acetate of 
 morphia. 
 
 de plomb, sel (sucre) de plomb de 
 saturne, acetas plumbi, plumbum aceta- 
 tum, cerussa acetata, saccharum saturni, 
 L. essigsaures blei, bley, G. acetate 
 (sugar) of lead : internally administered, a 
 
 8 
 
 ACH 
 
 most uncertain and dangerous medicine. 
 
 de protoxide de barium, proto-acetate 
 de barium, ace'tate de baryte, acetas ba- 
 rytse, L. acetate of barytes; poisonous. 
 
 de protoxide de potassium, proto-ace- 
 tate de potassium, acetate de potasse, terre 
 folide de tartre, sel diuretique, acetas 
 potassse, kali acetatum, sal diureticum, L. 
 essigsaures kali, G., acetate of potass, 
 diuretic salt : an old but valuable remedy, 
 undeservedly neglected in modern practice. 
 
 de protoxide de sodium, proto-acdtate 
 de sodium, acetate de soude, terre folie"e 
 minerale, acetas sodse, natrum natron 
 acetatum, L. essigsaures natrum, G., 
 acetate of soda : diuretic like the pre- 
 ceding. 
 
 ACETEUX, adj., acetosus,L., acetous. 
 Common vinegar was heretofore impro- 
 perly called acetous acid, acide aceteux, F. 
 The term, acetic, is now substituted for it. 
 
 AcETiauE, adj. aceticus, L. (same) 
 acetic; I/acide acetique, F., acetic acid, is 
 an acid crystallizable at a very low tem- 
 perature; ordinarily liquid and colourless; 
 of an acrid styptic taste, and penetrating 
 odour ; soluble in alcohol and miscible in 
 water. It is poisonous in a concentrated 
 state; but, when diluted, susceptible of 
 very useful application in medicine, do- 
 mestic economy, and the arts. The im- 
 pure acid, distilled from wood (vinaigre 
 de bois, F., die brandige holzsaure, G., 
 pyroligneous acid) diners from distilled 
 vinegar in possessing a slightly empyreu- 
 matic flavour, and is less fit than that, for 
 medicinal employment internally. In 
 external application, the acid is powerful- 
 ly stimulant and rubefacient. 
 
 ACHE, s. f. : in Botany, a biennial plant, 
 Apium ffraveolens syhestre, L. ( Pentandria, 
 digyn. ; Umbelliferte), wilder eppich, G. ; 
 the roots and seeds of which are employ- 
 ed in diet and medicine. The former 
 are diuretic ; the latter (sentences d* ache, 
 F.), like those of all the umbelliferae, 
 aromatic and excitant. The cultivated 
 plant, ache de jardin, celeri, F., A. ffra- 
 veolens hortense, L garteneppich, celle- 
 rie, m. G., is the common garden-celery. 
 
 ACHILLEE, s. f. 'A^/'xxsiov, Achillea, f. 
 L. dasAchillenkraut, G. Yarrow : a ge- 
 nus of plants, (Syngenesia, polygam. su- 
 perfl. ; CorymliferiB), containing four Brit- 
 ish (A. ptarmica, serrala, millefolium, to- 
 mentosa) and numerous exotic species. 
 A few of them are employed in medicine. 
 See GENEPI, MILLEFEUILLE, PTAR- 
 
 MIQTTE. 
 
 ACHIRE, adj achirus ( priv., %iio, 
 hand), demanus, L. handloss, ohne hand, 
 G., without hand. Achirus, in Ichthyo- 
 logy, eine gattung fische ohne brustflossen, 
 G., a genus of fishes destitute of thoracic 
 fins: formerly confounded with Pleuro-
 
 ACI 
 
 nectes. See Cuvier, Regne Animal, v. ii., 
 p. 224, 1st, p. 343, 2nd edit. 
 
 ACHLYS, s. m. (O^A-I*, a mist), achlys, 
 nebula, f. L., nebelfleck, m. G. : a defect 
 of vision resulting from superficial ulce- 
 ration of the centre of the cornea : the ul- 
 cer (die hornhautblatter, G., vesicle on the 
 cornea) or cicatrix producing this defect. 
 
 ACHNE, s. m. ^v), charpie rapee, F., 
 weiche geschabte scharpie, f. G., scraped 
 lint : also, portions of floculent mucus 
 (der flockige schleim), situated on the 
 front of the cornea, in diseased eyes (auf 
 kranken augen, G.). 
 
 ACHORES, s. m., (*x,'*h sordes capitis) 
 achor, achores, tinea, L. ansprung, 
 kopfgrind, m. G., scab, crust, scalled 
 head : ein kopfauschlag mit vielen kleinen 
 geschwiiren, G., an eruption on the head 
 with numerous small ulcers. The term 
 is used by Alibert, to designate a species 
 of tinea, T. muciflua, L., teigne muqueuse, 
 F., mucous tinea. By Willan, Achor is 
 defined a small acuminated pustule, which 
 contains a straw-coloured matter, having 
 the aspect, and nearly the consistence, of 
 strained honey ; and succeeded by a thin, 
 brown or yellowish scab. See Willan, Cu- 
 tan. Diseases, p. xiii ; Bateman's Synopsis, 
 p. xxii ; Raver's Traite, v. ii, p. 461. 
 
 ACICULAIRE, adj., acicularis, L (act- 
 cula, a needle) nadelf ormig, nadelahnlich, 
 G., needle-shaped, needle-like: a term 
 employed, in Botany, to designate the 
 leaves of plants which are long, stiff, and 
 pointed like a needle. Exs. some species of 
 the genera Pinus and Asparagus. In 
 Crystallography, cristaux aciculaires, F., 
 needle-shaped crystals. 
 
 ACIDE, s. m. (axis, a point), acidum, 
 n. L.., saure, G., acid : a compound 
 body, solid, liquid, or gaseous, generally 
 possessing an acid taste; reddening tinc- 
 ture of litmus ; and combining with alka- 
 lis so as to destroy their distinctive char- 
 acters and form salts. All acids exhibit 
 one, if not the whole, of these properties, 
 and invariably the last : there are several 
 which contain no oxygen. The number 
 of acids, already very considerable, is con- 
 stantly increasing. ACIDE, adj., aigre, 
 __o|yj, acidus, L., sauer, G., acid. 
 
 ACIDIFERE, adj. (acidum, acid, ferre, to 
 contain), acidifer, L., acidiferous : con- 
 taining an acid. 
 
 ACIDIFIABLE, adj. (same, and fieri, to 
 become), acidifiable : a term applied, in 
 Chemistry, to bodies or bases capable of 
 combining with an acid. 
 
 ACIDIFIANT, adj. (same), acidificus, 
 L., acidifying : that which possesses the 
 property of converting into an acid. 
 Oxygen was once regarded as the general 
 acidifying principle of nature. No such 
 principle exists. When two or more bo 
 9 
 
 ACI 
 
 dies combine to form an acid, they all con- 
 cur in the production of the new com- 
 pound. 
 
 ACIDIFICATION, s. f. (same) acidifica- 
 tio, L., acidification : the conversion of a 
 body into an acid. 
 
 ACIDITE, s. f., (same), e|t/Vj, acor, 
 m., aciditas, f. L., saure, f. G., acidity : 
 the distinguishing quality of acids. 
 
 ACIDULE, adj. (same), 0^10;, acidu- 
 lus, L.., saueruch, G., slightly acid. 
 
 ACIDUXER, v. a., acidulare, L., sauer- 
 lich machen, sauern, G., to acidulate; to 
 render slightly acid. 
 
 ACIER, s. m., prolo-carbure de fer, %- 
 AJ/I, chalybs, m.L., stahl, m. G., steel: 
 a compound of carbon and iron, in the pro- 
 portion of from one to twenty parts of 
 carbon in the thousand. The best is that 
 which contains from seven to eight thou- 
 sandths. Steel exists in nature : Mossier 
 found a mass weighing more than sixteen 
 pounds, in the French department of Al- 
 lier. 
 
 ACIESIE, s. f. (a. priv., xvtTv, to con- 
 ceive), aciesia, aciesis, sterilitas, f. L., das 
 unvermogen zu empfangen, unfruchtbar- 
 keit, f. G., inability to conceive, sterility, 
 barrenness in the female : also, according 
 to some authors, inability in a pregnant 
 female to accomplish delivery, from mal- 
 formation of the pelvis, or other cause, 
 das unvermogen einer schwangern zur nie- 
 derkunft zu gelangen wegen missbildung 
 des beckens u. s. w., G. 
 
 ACINACIFORME, adj. (acinaces, a sabre, 
 forma, shape), acinaciformis, L,., sabel- 
 formig, G., acinaciform, sabre-shaped : a 
 term applied, in Botany, to the leaf of 
 certain plants, which exhibits this figure ; 
 as that of the Mesembryanthemum acinaci- 
 forme, scymetar-leaved fig-marygold. 
 
 ACINE, s. m., acinus, m. L. : an almost 
 obsolete term, in Botany, employed to 
 designate a soft, juicy, and transparent 
 berry with one cell containing several 
 hard" seeds ; as the grape and gooseberry. 
 Acini or Arilli, L. : a name given, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the constituent granules of the 
 conglomerate glands. 
 
 ACINESIE, s. f. (a, priv., xivtTv, to move), 
 acinesia, f., L, unbeweglichkeit, f., G. 
 totius corporis aut partis alicujus im- 
 mobilitas, ut in paralysi, apoplexia, etc., 
 L. immobility 01 the whole, or of any 
 part, of the body, as in paralysis, apoplexy, 
 &c. Also, the sometimes very percepti- 
 ble interval between the systole and dias- 
 tole of the heart, der zuweilen sehr merk- 
 liche zwischenraum zwischen der sys- 
 tole und der diastole des herzens, G. 
 
 ACIXIFORME, adj., aciniformis, L. 
 
 (from acinus). Tunica aciniformis, L.: 
 a term applied to the choroid coat of the 
 eye ; and synonymous with UVJSE.
 
 AGO 
 
 ACINOS, s. m. : an annual plant, com- 
 mon in Britain, Thymus acinos, ( Didyna- 
 mia, gymnosperm. ; Labiates), basil thyme: 
 properties slightly aromatic. 
 
 ACME, s. m., (axpn, vigour, summit), 
 acumen, n. L. acme : der hochste grad 
 einer krankheit, G., the highest point (of 
 intensity, acme ) of a disease. 
 
 ACMELLA, s. f.: an annual plant of In- 
 dia, Spilanthes acmella (Syngenesia, potyg. 
 equalis ; Corymbiferce), called by the na- 
 tives, Abedaria, and employed, in infu- 
 sion, for the cure of calculous nephritis. 
 In taste it is bitter, warm, highly stimu- 
 lating. See Loudon's Encyclopeed. p. 690, 
 Genus 1695. 
 
 ACNE, s. m. : a hard inflamed tubercle, 
 most commonly appearing on the cheek, 
 forehead and temples, sometimes on the 
 neck, shoulder and breast. The Acne of 
 British pathologists corresponds with the 
 dartre pustuleuse couperose (herpes pustu- 
 losus gutta rosea) of Alibert, the JWs 
 of Greek varus of ancient Latin and 
 hautfinne, kupferfinne im gesicht, of 
 German writers. The genus compre- 
 hends four species : A. simplex, punctata, 
 indurata, rosacea. See Bateman's Synop- 
 sis, p. 275 ; Rayer's Traite, v. 1, p. 446 ; 
 and Art. COUPEROSE, of this Dictionary. 
 
 ACOLOGIE, s. f. (cix.es, a remedy, x'oyns, 
 a discourse), acologia, f. L., die heilmit- 
 tellehre, G., acology : the doctrine of the- 
 rapeutic agents in general. 
 
 ACONIT, s. m. ^AXOVJJ, a city of Bithy- 
 nia, where these plants were common) : a 
 genus in Botany, Aconitum, L., das 
 Akonitum, der Eisenhut, Sturmhut, G., 
 Wolfsbane ( Polyandria, trigyn,; Ranun- 
 culaceee), comprehending several species, 
 generally poisonous; among which is the 
 Aconit napel, F., Aconitum napellus, L., 
 die Napell, blauer Sturmhut, G., the 
 common Monkshood, Br., a native of Eu- 
 ropean mountains, and cultivated in gar- 
 dens. The leaves and root, especially the 
 latter, are very acrid. Externally, they 
 operate as a rubefacient and epispastic ; 
 internally, as a violent narcotico-acrid 
 poison. .Recommended in chronic rheu- 
 matism, syphilis, and dropsy ; and most 
 conveniently administered in the form of 
 extract. All the other species (Loudon 
 Encyclopoed. p. 474 enumerates 20) pos- 
 sess nearly similar properties. 
 
 ACONITINE, s. , aconitina, f. L., a- 
 konitine, G, aconitia, aconitine: die 
 von Brandt zuerst dargestellte eigen- 
 thiimliche kalische substanz i'm the pe- 
 culiar alkaline substance first exposed by 
 Brandt in the Aconitum napellus. 
 
 ACOHE FAUX, s. m. : a name given to the 
 
 Iris des marais, Iris pseud-acorus ( Trian- 
 
 dria, monogyn. ; Irideee), wasserschwerd- 
 
 lilie, G., yellow water-flag; the roast- 
 
 10 
 
 ACO 
 
 ed seeds of which have been eulogized as 
 an indigenous substitute for coffee. 
 
 ACORE VRAI, s. m., Acorus calamus, 
 verus, formerly Calamus aromaticus ( Hex- 
 andria, monogyn. ; Aroidete), Kalmus, m. 
 G., common Sweet flag ; of which the 
 root (die Kalmuswurzel, G.), or rather 
 the creeping stem, aromatic, acrid, and 
 bitter, was once employed in medicine, 
 as a tonic and stimulant ; but is now prin- 
 cipally valued for its fragrant qualities. 
 
 ACORIE. s. f. (a. priv., xapia, I satiate), 
 acoria, L., unersattlichkeit, G., 
 insatiability, insatiable appetite. 
 
 ACOTYLEDON, Or ACOTYLEDONE, S. m. 
 
 and adj. ( priv., x,orv\ribuv, cotyledon) 
 acotyledoneus. adj. L., ohne samenlap- 
 pen, G, without cotyledons, acotyledo- 
 nous. In the Cuscuta (dodder) genus, 
 the embryo has no cotyledon. But the 
 term is especially employed to designate 
 those vegetables which possess no real em- 
 bryo, and, consequently, no cotyledon, 
 (plantse acotyledonece, L., die samenlappen- 
 losen gewachse G., acotyledonous plants). 
 This section of the vegetable kingdom 
 corresponds precisely with the Cryptoga- 
 mia, of .Linnaeus, and Agamia, of Necker 
 and Richard. The name of the group has, 
 however, varied according to the character 
 regarded in establishing it. Jussieu, go- 
 verned by the absence of cotyledons, 
 named the plants included in the division, 
 Acotyledons : Richard, founding it on the 
 presence or absence of a radicle, designates 
 them Arhizes. By Decandolle, they are 
 termed Vegetaux cellulaires, F plantae 
 cellulosse, L. die zeliigen gewachse, G. ; 
 because, destitute of vessels, they are ex- 
 clusively composed of cellular tissue. 
 
 ACOTYLEDOKIE, s. , acotyledonia, f. 
 L. (same) s the name of the 1st Class in 
 the Vegetable System of Jussieu. 
 
 ACOUMETRE, s. m., (axoua, I hear, 
 pirpo*, a measure), acoumetrum, n. L., 
 acoumeter : an instrument invented by 
 Itard, to measure the degrees of the sense 
 of hearing in imperfect deafness. 
 
 ACOUSTICO.MALLEEN, s. m. and adj. 
 (axeu/u, and malleus, a bone of the inter- 
 nal ear), acoustico-mallaeus, L., grosser 
 erschlaffer des paukenfelles, G. a name 
 given by Chaussier, to a small indistinct 
 muscle, extending from the bony groove 
 which receives the membrana tympani, 
 to the handle of the malleus. 
 
 AcousTiauE, s. m. and adj. (ixovu), 
 acustica, s. , acusticus, L., das gehor 
 oder das ohr betreffend, G., concerning 
 the function or organ of hearing. Exs. 1. 
 That branch of physics which occupies 
 itself with the theory of sound, is called 
 Acoustics, die wissenschaft vom gehor, G., 
 science of Acoustics. 2. The portio mollis 
 of the 7th pair of cerebral nerves, gehor-
 
 ACR 
 
 nerve, G. which, issuing from the ante- 
 rior paries of the 4th ventricle and the 
 posterior part of the tuber annulare, is 
 distributed on the spires of the cochlea, 
 is termed nerf acoustique, F nervus acus- 
 ticus, Li., acoustic or auditory nerve 
 3. Instruments, destined, like the ear- 
 trumpet, to collect, and increase the in- 
 tensity of, sound ; and remedies employed 
 in diseases of the internal ear, are also dis- 
 tinguished by the epithet, Acoustic. 
 
 ACQUIS, adj., acquisitus, adventitius, 
 L.., acquired, adventitious : in medical 
 language, a condition or disease, tempe- 
 rament acquis, maladie acquise, F a 
 temperament, or morbid affection, deve- 
 loped under the influence of accidental 
 causes, and not connected with the origi- 
 nal constitution of the system : a term 
 thus opposed, in signification, to heredi- 
 taire, congenial, conne, F., hereditary, con- 
 genital, innate. 
 
 ACRANIE, 8. f. (a P^iv., xpaviav, skull), 
 
 acrania, f. L., ein ganzlicher oder theil- 
 weiser mangel des schadels, G., a total 
 or partial deficiency of the skull. ACRA- 
 KE, adj., acranius, L., ohne schadel, G. 
 without a skull, acranial. 
 
 ACRATIE, s. f. ( priv., xparas, strength) 
 acratia, f. L., kraftlosigkeit, ohnmacht, 
 f. G., loss of strength, debility, impo- 
 tence. 
 
 ACRE, adj. xp/>s, acer, L., scharf, 
 G., acrid : an epithet applied to sub- 
 stances, dietetic or medicinal, which excite 
 in the throat, an unpleasant sense of irri- 
 tation and astriction. Exs. Poison acre, 
 F., an acrid poison ; medicamma acria, L., 
 die scharfe mittel, G., acrid medicines 
 The dry pungent heat, sometimes experi- 
 enced by patients, or felt by another on 
 coming into contact with them, is termed, 
 in French, chaleur acre. 
 
 ACRETE, s. f., acritas, f. L., scharfe, 
 f. G., acrimony : the quality peculiar to 
 acrid substances. Synonymous also with 
 AIGREURS. 
 
 ACRIDOPHAGE, s. m. and adj. {ix.fis, a 
 locust, tfa.'yia, I eat), acridophagus, L., 
 heuschrekenesser, heuschrekenfresser, G. 
 locust-eater, locust-eating. The prac- 
 tice of 'feeding upon the locust has prevailed 
 in the East from remote antiquity, and 
 still exists. The diet of John, the Baptist, 
 (St. Matthew, c. iii, v. 4), consisted ofaxpi- 
 Ssj xcil pixi aypuv, locusts and wild honey. 
 
 ACRIDOPHAGIE, s. f (same), acrido- 
 phagia, f. L,., heuschrekenessen, n. G 
 the practice of locust-eating : also, accord- 
 ing to Kraus, the name applied to an her- 
 petic disease, eine herpetische krankheit, 
 G. prevalent in Ethiopia. 
 
 ACRISIE, s. f. (a priv., xp'iffis, crisis), 
 .,-acrisia, L., terminaison d' une mala- 
 die sans crise manifesto, F., termination of 
 
 11 
 
 ACR 
 
 a disease without evident crisis. ACRITI- 
 QUE, adj., acriticus, L. unkritisch, G., 
 acritical. Ex. Maladie acritique, F., 
 eine krankheit ohne kritische erscheinuna- 
 en, G M a disease without critical phenomena. 
 
 ACROCHIR, s. m., */, acrochir, 
 extremamanus, extremi digitorum apices, 
 L., das ausserste ende der hand, die fin- 
 gerspitzen, G., the extremity of the 
 hand, finger-ends : in Hippocrates, the 
 fore-arm, der vorderarm vom ellnbogen 
 bis zu den fingerspitzen. 
 
 ACHOCHORDE, s. m , Acrochordus, m. 
 L., "Warzenschlange, (wart-snake) f. G. : 
 a genus of serpents found in Java ; cha- 
 racterized by the innumerable small scales 
 assuming in dried specimens, or on in- 
 flation of the living body, the appearance 
 of granulated warts or tubercles, which 
 cover every part of the animal : hence the 
 generic name. The Acrochordi are said by 
 some, to possess, instead of the common 
 poison-fang, a peculiar bone ; to be veno- 
 mous; and to subsist on vegetable sub- 
 stances. These statements are denied or 
 doubted by Cuvier, (See Regne Animal, 
 v. ii, p. 85.) One species only A. javen- 
 sis, is, at present, well known. The Chi- 
 nese esteem it delicious food. 
 
 ACROCHORDON, S. f. a.xfo^af^ui, VCT- 
 
 rue pediculee qui survient aux paupieres, 
 F., a wart with slender stem, occurring 
 on the eye-lids: verrucarum species, in- 
 terdum dolens, orbicular! figura, cum an- 
 gusta basi, quse pensilis verruca vocatur, 
 L., a species of wart, sometimes painful, 
 of globular figure, with a slender base ; 
 which is called a pendulous wart, (hange- 
 warze, f. G.). 
 
 ACROMIAL, adj., acromialis, L., zum 
 akromion gehorig, G belonging to the 
 acromion : arlere acromiale, F., arteria 
 acromialis, scapularis externa, L., acro- 
 mial artery, one of the thoracic branches 
 of the Axillary. 
 
 ACHOMIO-CORACOIDIEN, adj., acromio- 
 coracoideus, L.., acromio-coracoid : a 
 name given to the ligament which extends 
 from the acromion to the coracoid process 
 of the scapula. 
 
 ACROMIO-HUMERAL (sous) : a name 
 given by Chaussier, to the Deltoid mus- 
 cle. 
 
 ACROMION, s. m. (oixpas, extreme, 4"?> 
 shoulder), acromion, acromium, n. L,., 
 
 schulterhb'he, , akromion, n. G., a- 
 
 cromion : the large process terminating 
 the spine of the scapula above and out- 
 wards ; receiving on an articular surface, 
 the scapular extremity of the clavicle ; 
 and affording attachment to the deltoid 
 and trapezius muscles. 
 
 ACROMPHALE, S. m. (cixfas, and IftQa.- 
 
 >.os, navel), acromphalus, m. L.. : the 
 point of the navel, die spitxe des nabcls;
 
 ACT 
 
 also, incipient umbilical hernia, der an- 
 fangende nabelbruch, G. 
 
 ACROTHYMION, s. m. (&xpos, and tufiiov, 
 wart), acrothymion, L. : une verrue co- 
 nique, rugeuse et saignante, F., ein keg- 
 elformiges, rauhes, blutendes warzchen, 
 G., a conical, rugose, and bleeding wart. 
 
 ACTE, s. m., actus, m. L., werk, n. 
 G. act. Ex. de la reproduction, F., 
 act of generation. 
 
 ACTIF, adj., activus, L., active 
 Applied to diseases, the term is synony- 
 mous with acute : Ex. inflammation active, 
 F., hitzige entziindung, G., acute in- 
 flammation. In Therapeutics, it signifies 
 energetic, powerful : Ex. remede actif, F., 
 ein Tcr'dftiges mittel, G., apowerful remedy. 
 The vie active of Buisson is synonymous 
 with the vie animate, animal life, of Bi- 
 chat. See AIGU. 
 
 ACTINIE, s. (a*7/v, a ray) Actinia, 
 
 L, Meeranemone, Thierpflanze, f. G. 
 
 Sea-anemone, Animal-flower: a genus in 
 
 Zoology, belonging to the 1st Order, Orties 
 de mer, fixes in the 4th Class, Polypi, of 
 the Zoophyta, in Cuvier's last arrange- 
 ment. See Regne Animal, v. m, p. 291. 
 The genus contains more than twenty 
 species ; several edible. One only, A. vi- 
 ridis, stings like the Medusae. The Actin- 
 ia, when mutilated, exhibit extraordinary 
 powers of reproduction. 
 
 ACTINOZOAIRE, s. m. (axjlv, a ray, 
 aav, an animal): a term employed, by 
 Blainville, to designate the animals, here- 
 tofore included in the Class Zoophyta, of 
 Linnaeus, and the Radiata, of Cuvier. 
 
 ACTION, s. , actio, f. L. (agere, to act) 
 
 wirkung, bewegung, G., action : the 
 
 manner in which one body acts or operates 
 upon another. Action is physical, organic, 
 or animal physique, organique, animale, 
 F., as taking place in bodies which oper- 
 ate by laws common to all, like those of 
 gravity ; in bodies merely organized, as 
 vegetables ; and in those endowed with 
 animal life. In the latter, it is cerebral, 
 vascular, muscular, cerebrale,vasculaire, 
 rnusculaire, F., as it takes place in the 
 brain, or the vascular, or muscular sys- 
 tem. 
 
 ACTIVITE, s. f , activitas, L., wirk- 
 samkeit, G., activity: the faculty of 
 acting or entering into action ; and, by an 
 extension of meaning, promptitude vi- 
 vacity of action. 
 
 ACTUEL, adj., actualis, L., actual : 
 that which acts immediately. The hot 
 iron, das gluhende eisen, G., employed in 
 Surgery, is called cautere actuel, F., cau- 
 terium actuale, L., actual cautery; be- 
 cause it exerts an instantaneous action on 
 the animal organs by imparting the calo- 
 ric with which it is penetrated. The 
 term, potential, is, on the contrary, applied 
 12 
 
 ADD 
 
 to those substances, which, like nitrate of 
 silver and pure potass, produce disorgani- 
 zation of the tissues by virtue of their 
 chemical action. See CAUTEHE. 
 
 ACUMINE, adj., acuminatus, L. (acu- 
 men, a point), langgespitzt, G., acu- 
 minate : a term applied, in Botany, to all 
 those parts of a plant which terminate 
 suddenly in a point at their summit. Ex. 
 leaves of the common Hazel-nut. 
 
 ACUTANGULE, adj., acutangulatus, a- 
 cute-angulatus, acutangulus, I..., scharf- 
 eckig, G., acute-angled : an epithet 
 given to those parts of a plant which pre- 
 sent acute and projecting angles ; as the 
 capsule of Corchorus acutangulus, 
 
 ACUPUNCTURE, s. , acupunctura, 
 L. (acus, a needle, punctura ure), nadel- 
 stechen, n.G., acupuncture: an operation 
 originally practised in China and Japan. 
 It consists in the adroit introduction of a 
 gold or silver needle into various parts of 
 the body affected with pain or swelling ; 
 and is sometimes productive of temporary 
 relie The modus operandi of the reme- 
 dy is not obvious. See a Treatise on Acu- 
 puncturation. By J. M. Churchill, Lon- 
 don. 
 
 ACYSIE, s. f. : same derivation as, and 
 synonymous with, ACIESIE. 
 
 ADCLIVITE, s. , adclivitas, f. L. 
 Loder has given the term adclivity of the 
 tibia, adclivitas tibiae, L to the rough 
 and projecting surface which separates the 
 two articular cavities of the summit of 
 this bone. 
 
 ADDEPHAGIE, s. , SSipay/a, adde- 
 phagia, voracitas, L. gefrassigkeit, , 
 die iibermassige esslust, G., voracity, in- 
 satiable craving for food. 
 
 ADDUCTEUR. s. m. and adj., adductor, 
 adducens, L. (adduco, I draw towards) : a 
 name given to those muscles (musculi ad- 
 ductor 'es, L. ; anziehende muskeln, G.) 
 whose office consists in drawing the limb or 
 organ moved by them, towards the mesial 
 line of the body or member to which they 
 belong : ein muskel der ein glied einw'drts 
 zieht, G., a muscle which draws a limb in- 
 wards. Exs. 
 
 1. de r ceil, adductor of the eye. See 
 DHOIT interne. 
 
 2. (premier ou moyen) de la cuisse, 
 (pubio-fe'moral, Ch.), adductor longus 
 primus femoris, L., langer anzieher des 
 schenkels, G., long (or middle) adductor 
 of the thigh : a muscle extending from the 
 spine and body of the os pubis to the mid- 
 dle of the linea aspera of the os femoris. 
 
 3. (second ou court) de la cuisse, (sous- 
 pubio-femoral, Ch.), adductor brevis se- 
 cundus femoris, L., kurzer anzieher 
 des schenkels, G., short (or second) ad- 
 ductor of the thigh : from the lower part 
 of os pubis to upper third of linea aspera.
 
 ADE 
 
 4. (troisieme mi long) de la cuisse, 
 (ischio-fe'moral, Ch.), adductor magnus 
 tertius femoris, L., grosser anzieher 
 des schenkels, G., great (or third) adduc- 
 tor of the thigh : from the ascending ra- 
 mus and tuberosity of the ischium to the 
 whole length of the linea aspera, internal 
 condyloid ridge and condyle, of the femur. 
 
 5. du p&uce, (metacarpo-phalangien 
 du pouce, Ch.), adductor pollicis manus, 
 L., anzieher des daumens, G. adductor 
 of the thumb : extends from the whole 
 length of the 3rd metacarpal bone to the 
 root of the 1st phalanx of the thumb. 
 
 6. du petit doigt, (carpo-phalangien 
 du petit, doigt, Ch.), adductor minimi di- 
 giti manus, L,., anzieher des kleinen fin- 
 
 Eers, G., adductor of the little finger: 
 om the os pisiforme to the superior ex- 
 tremity of the 1st phalanx of the little 
 finger. 
 
 7. du gros orteil, (calcaneo-sous-pha- 
 langien de 1' orteil, Ch.), adductor polli- 
 cis pedis hallucis, L., anzieher der 
 grossen zehe, G., adductor of the great 
 toe : from the os calcis to the 1st phalanx 
 of the great toe. 
 
 ADDUCTION, s. f., adductio, f. L., an- 
 ziehung, f. G., adduction : die bewegung 
 eines anziehenden muskels, G., the action 
 of an adductor muscle. 
 
 ADELIPARIE, s. (Bjv, abundantly, 
 Xvrapos, fat), adeliparia, f. L. : a name 
 given, by Alibert, to Polysarcie; which 
 constitutes in his Nosologie Naturelle, the 
 first genus of the Ethmoplecoses. 
 
 ADEMOXIE, s. , (%nft,av'iu, I am griev- 
 ously tormented) angor, m., anxietas, f. 
 L., angst, G., anguish of mind, anxi- 
 ety. 
 
 ADENALGIE, s. (Siv, a gland, cL\y;, 
 pain), adenalgia, f. L., driisenschmerz, 
 m. ; eine schmerzhafte driisengeschwullst 
 G. Pain seated in a gland; a painful 
 swelling of a gland. 
 
 ADENEMPHRAXIE, s. ($nv, \pq>pa,<rffu, 
 I obstruct), adenemphraxis, glandula- 
 rum obstructio, f. L., driisenverstop- 
 fung, f. G., glandular obstruction. 
 
 ADENITE, s. (same) adenitis, f. L., 
 driisenentziindung, G., inflammation 
 of a gland. 
 
 ADENOGRAPHIE, s. (same, and -ypa^ea, 
 I describe), adenographia, L., die be- 
 schreibung der dri\sen,G., adenography: 
 anatomical description of the glands. 
 
 ADEKOIDE, s. f. (same, and tH^os, resem- 
 blance), adenoides, glandiformis, L 
 driisenformig, G., glandiform: shaped 
 like a gland. 
 
 ADENOLOGIE, s. f. (same, and Xoyay, 
 discourse), adenologia, L., die driisen- 
 lehre, G., adenology : the doctrine of the 
 glands. 
 
 ADKXO-MENINGEE, adj. (same,axi& /*w- 
 13 
 
 ADE 
 
 iyl, a membrane), adeno-meningea, I* 
 Pinel designates by the epithet, adeno-me- 
 ningeal, mucous or pituitous fever (tievre 
 muqueuse ou pituiteuse, F.): because, in 
 his opinion, the cryptae of the gastro-intes- 
 tinal mucous membrane are principally af- 
 fected in this disease. 
 
 ADENO-MESENTERITE, s. f. (same, and 
 (f.iff'.vrifiov, mesentery), adenc-mesenteri- 
 tis, L., inflammation of the mesenteric 
 glands. 
 
 ADEVONCOSE, s. m. (same, and Syxas, a 
 tumour), tumor glandularum, L., drii- 
 sengeschwullst, G., a tumour formed by 
 a gland. 
 
 ADENO-NERVEUSE, adj., (same, and 
 v.vpav, a nerve), adeno-nervosa, L. : a 
 term employed by Pinel, to designate the 
 plague; the principal seat of which he 
 places in the nerves and glands of the arm- 
 pit and groin. 
 
 ADENO-PHARYNGITE, s. f. (same, and 
 ipaguyl, pharynx), adeno-pharyngitis, 
 L. : inflammation of the tonsils and pha- 
 rynx. 
 
 ADEKOPHTHALMIE, s. (same, and 
 
 26a\pos, the eye), adenophthalmia, f. 
 ., augendriisenentziindung, f. G., in- 
 flammation of the Meibomian glands. 
 
 ADENOTOMIE, s. f. (same, and rifuw, I 
 cut), adenotomia, f. L., die zerglieder- 
 ung der driisen, G., dissection of the glands. 
 
 ADENOSCLEROSE, s. f. (same, and <rx\n^o;, 
 
 hard), induratio glandularum, , L,., 
 
 verhartung der driisen, , G: a name given 
 by Swediaur, to an indolent induration of 
 the glands, accompanied by tumefaction, 
 not terminating in scirrhus ; but continu- 
 ing during life, or disappearing by resolu- 
 tion or suppuration. 
 
 ADENOSE, s. , adenosis, L. : the name 
 of the eighth family of the Nosologie Natu- 
 relle, of Alibert ; containing all the chron- 
 ic diseases of which the glandular system 
 forms the especial seat. 
 
 ADHERENCE, s. , adhaerentia, f. L,. 
 (adhcereo, I adhere), verwachsung, G., 
 adherence : the union, or growing toge- 
 ther, of parts naturally separate, is thus 
 designated in Pathology. Such union is 
 either congenital or accidental. In the 
 latter case, it is the consequence of an or- 
 ganic process, called adhesive inflamma- 
 tion. L' adherence, de 1' arachnoi'de, de 
 
 la plevre, du pe'ritoine, de la tunique 
 
 vaginale, F., adhesion of the arachnoid, 
 
 of the pleura, of the peritoneum, of the 
 tunica vaginalis testis, is the unnatural 
 union of two portions of the internal sur- 
 face of these serous membranes, previous- 
 ly in contact. 
 
 ADHESIF, adj., adhaerens, adhsesivus, 
 L. (same), adhesive: that which adheres, 
 itself, or causes to adhere. Exs. Empla- 
 tre adhesif, F., emplastrum adhasivum
 
 ADN 
 
 (empL resinae, lithargyri cum reslna) L., 
 harzigtes bleipflaster, G. common ad- 
 hesive or resin plaster. Inflammation ad- 
 hesive, F., verwachsende entziindung, , 
 G., adhesive inflammation. 
 
 ADHESION, s. , adhsesio, f. L., adhe- 
 sion : the manner in which one body or 
 surface is attached to another ; the mode 
 of this union : commonly employed as sy- 
 nonymous with Adherence. 
 
 ADIANTE, s. f. (5/av<raj, dry), a genus 
 of plants, so named from their impenetra- 
 bility by moisture, Adiantum (Cryptoga- 
 mia,filices,) L., Frauenhaar, G., Maid- 
 enhair ; containing one European (A. ca- 
 pilltis-veneris, venushaar, G.), and many 
 extra-European species. Several of them 
 are employed in French medicine, under 
 the general name of Capillaire. See Lou- 
 don's Encyclopted., p. 884. Gen, 2194. 
 
 ADIAPNEUSTIE, s. f., ( priv., S/aa-no- 
 (t.ai, I perspire), adiapneustia, f. L., die 
 unterbrochene hautausdiiunstung, f. G., 
 suppressed cutaneous perspiration : near- 
 ly synonymous with ADIAPHORESE, F., 
 adiaphoresis, f. L., defect of cutaneous 
 perspiration. 
 
 ADIPEUX, adj., adiposus, L. (adeps, 
 fat), fett, G., adipose, fatty. Tissu ou 
 pannicule adipeux, membrane ou toile a- 
 dipeuse, F. membrana tunica tela a- 
 diposa, L., fetthaut, f. G., adipose tissue 
 or cellular membrane, is the peculi- 
 ar structure, in the cells of which the adi- 
 pose substance of animals is deposited. 
 
 ADIPOCIRE, s. , adipocira, L. (adeps, 
 fat, cera, wax), thierische substanz aus 
 fett und wachs bestehend, G., an ani- 
 mal substance consisting of fat and wax, 
 adipocire. This peculiar substance, first 
 discovered at Paris, in 1786, and called 
 also, in French, gras des cadavres des ci- 
 metieres, is a soap composed of margaric 
 acid, ammonia, oleic acid, potass, and lime. 
 Certain peculiarities of situation, or long 
 immersion in water, are necessary for the 
 conversion of animal substances into adi- 
 pocere. 
 
 ADIPSIE, s. ( priv., $/%, thirst), 
 adipsia, L., durstmangel, m., durstlos- 
 igkeit, G., absence of thirst. ISAdip- 
 sie constitutes the 1st genus of the family 
 of the Gastroses, in the Nosologie Naturelle, 
 of Alibert. 
 
 ADJUVANT, adj., adjuvans, L. (adjuvo, 
 I assist), adjuvant, auxiliary: a term ap- 
 plied to any substance, (hulfsmittel, n. G.) 
 introduced into a pharmaceutical prepara- 
 tion, with a view of assisting the operation 
 of the principal ingredient. 
 
 ADNE, adj., adnatus, L. (adnascor, I 
 grow upon), angewachsen, G., adnate, 
 adhering to. In Anatomy, the term, mem- 
 brane adnee,F tunica adnata, L., das 
 emgewachsene hautlein, G., is sometimes 
 14 
 
 ADU 
 
 applied to the conjunctiva of the eye: 
 and, in Botany, the stipulse of certain 
 plants, as the Roses, are said to be adnate, 
 from their intimate attachment to the pe- 
 tiole ; as is an anther, when adherent to 
 the filament in its whole length. 
 
 ADOLESCENCE, s. , adolescentia, f. 
 (adolesco, I grow), junglingsalter, n. G., 
 adolescence : the period of human life 
 at which the body has acquired its utmost 
 development; commencing at puberty, and 
 terminating in the male, about the 25th, 
 in the female, the 21st year. ADOLES- 
 CENT, s. m. and adj., adolescens, L,.,. 
 jungling, jung, G., adolescent. 
 
 ADOUCISSANT, adj. (adoucir, F., to 
 soothe), demulcens, L., besanftigend, 
 schmerzlindernd, G., soothing, demul- 
 cent : a term applied to remedies formerly 
 supposed to possess the property of " ob- 
 tunding acrimony," and correcting acidity, 
 " of the humours ;" but now regarded as 
 simply soothing irritation of the tissues 
 with which they come in contact. 
 
 ADRAGANT, s. f. (a corruption of Trag- 
 acanthej, tragacantha, Astragali traga- 
 canthse , Astragali cretici gummi, L., 
 tragant, traganth, G. tragacanth : a 
 gum obtained from several species of As- 
 tragalus, as A. vents, tragacantha, creticvs, 
 and gummifer. It is in thin, wrinkled, 
 worm-like pieces; whitish, semi-transpa- 
 rent, inodorous : demulcent, more effect- 
 ual than gum Arabic, in allaying cough 
 and pulmonary irritation. 
 
 ADRAGANTHINE, s. , prunine, cerasine, 
 Adraganthina, L., adraganthine : a 
 scaly substance, dull-white, insipid, inodo- 
 rous, almost transparent ; forming nearly 
 half of gum tragacanth ; and existing in 
 many plants, almost invariably combined 
 with another substance resembling gum 
 arabic. 
 
 ADSTRICTION. See ASTRICTION. 
 
 ADULTE, s. m., and adj., adultus, L. 
 (adolesco, I grow), erwachsen, G., a- 
 dult : that which has reached, or relates 
 to, the period when the animal body has 
 acquired its perfect development. The 
 adult age, Page adulte, F extends from 
 the 25th to the 50th year in man, from 
 21st to 45th, in the human female. 
 
 ADULTERATION, s. , adulteratio, f. 
 L,. (adulterare, to adulterate), verfalsch- 
 ung, G., adulteratijn is the art of 
 adulterating, mixing up with noxious or 
 inert ingredients, various articles of food 
 or medicine. ADULTERER, v. a., adul- 
 terare, L., verfalschen, G., to adulte- 
 rate. 
 
 ADUST ION, s. , adustio, f. L. (adurere, 
 to burn), verbrennung, f. G., adustion, 
 burning: the application and immediate 
 action of fire upon the body. In Surgery, 
 cauterii actualis, ut ferri igniti, vel moxce
 
 AGA 
 
 accensae, applicatio, L., application of ac- 
 tual cautery, as the hot iron or lighted 
 moxa, to the animal body. See CAU- 
 TERISATION. 
 
 AD-UTERUM, s. : a term applied by 
 Geoffrey St. Hilaire, to that portion of 
 the sexual organ in female birds which 
 corresponds with the horns of the uterus 
 in certain mammifera ; and during the 
 passage through which, the egg acquires 
 its albumen and shell. This tube the 
 oviduct conveys the egg from the ovary 
 to the cloaca, in its exit from the body. 
 
 ADVENTICE, adj., adventitius, I,., 
 zufallig, G., adventitious, accidental, ca- 
 sual. 
 
 ADYNAMICO-ATAXIQUE, adj., adyna- 
 mico-ataxicus, L. : a term applied to af- 
 fections in which the characters of adyna- 
 mia and ataxia are united. 
 
 ADYNAMIE, s. f. (a priv., tivrapi;, power, 
 strength), adynamia, debilitas, f. L.. 
 kraftmangel, m., schwache, f. G., debili- 
 ty, impotence : diminution of the vital 
 powers ; prostration of the action of the 
 senses, and of the muscular system. 
 
 ADYNAMIQUE, adj. (same), adynami- 
 cus, L., schwach, G. : that which results 
 from, or relates to, Adynamia. Exs. Face 
 adynamique, F., facies adynamica, L.., 
 the profound alteration of countenance 
 frequently observed on the approach of 
 death. See FACE hippocratique. Fievre 
 adynamique, F., febris adynamica, L., fever, 
 characterized, according to Pinel, by dimi- 
 nution of the cerebral energies and of 
 muscular action. Symptomes adynamiques, 
 F., symptomata adynamica, L., symp- 
 toms resulting from, or announcing, the 
 adynamic state. 
 
 jEooioDYNiE, s. f. (a/^ra, organs of ge- 
 neration, aSuv, pain), aedoiodynia, f. L., 
 ein schmerz in den geschlechtstheilen, G., 
 pain in the genital organs. 
 
 ./EDOIOGRAPHIE, s. f., (same, and <yga<p&>, 
 I describe), sedoiographia, L.., descrip- 
 tion of the genital organs. 
 
 ./EDOIOLOGIE, s. f. (same, and Xoyo; , dis- 
 course), sedoiologia, s. f., discourse or treat- 
 ise on the genital organs. 
 
 ^EDOIOPSOPHIE, ^EDOPSOPHIE, s. f. 
 (same, and t^oifof, noise), cedopsophia, f., 
 L., emissio sonora flatuum ex urethra vel 
 vagina, L.., ein horbarer abgang von luft 
 aus der mannlichen hamrohre, oder durch 
 die vagina, G., an audible emission of fla- 
 tus from the male urethra, or the vagina. 
 
 ./EDOIOTOMIE, s. f. (same, and ripvu, I 
 cut), aedoitomia, L., dissection of the 
 genital organs. 
 
 JEDOITE, s. f. (same), sedoitis, f. L.., in- 
 flammation of the external organs of gene- 
 ration. 
 
 jEoAGRoriLE, EGAGROPILE, s. m. (*J$, 
 goat, ypos, wild, and it7Ko$, a ball of 
 
 15 
 
 AER 
 
 hair) aegagropilus, m., gemsenkugel, f. G., 
 hair-ball : a concretion sometimes found 
 in the stomach and ccecum of the Solipeda 
 (Solidungula), more frequently in the 
 paunch and rennet of the Ruminantia. It 
 is composed of the detritus of plants, cal- 
 careous particles, and hair, cemented toge- 
 ther by intestinal mucus. 
 
 ./Bo i LOPS, s. m., alyi>.u^, (a.'!%, goat, 
 u^>, eye) : ulcere place* au grand angle d' 
 1'ceil; reposant sur, ou pene'trant le sac 
 lacrymal; maladie a laquelle les chevres 
 sont suiettes, F., an ulcer in the great an- 
 gle of the eye, situated upon, or penetrat- 
 ing, the lachrymal sac; a disease to which 
 goats are subject. Tuberculum, ut pluri- 
 mum cum inflammatione, a sacci lachry- 
 malis affectu ortum ; majorem oculi can- 
 thum obsidens ; et sic dictum quia hoc af- 
 fectu caprce saepe laborant, L., a swelling 
 commonly attended with inflammation; 
 originating from an affection of the lach- 
 rymal sac ; occupying the greater (intern- 
 al) canthus of the eye ; and so called 
 (jEgilops) because goats frequently sufter 
 from this affection. Geisauge, n., aug- 
 enwinkelgeschwiir, thranensackgeschwur, 
 n. G., goat's-eye : an ulcer in the angle 
 of the eye, in the lachrymal sac. Ac- 
 cording to Blanchard, the swelling is call- 
 ed Anchylops, while yet entire; JEgilops, 
 when the abscess has burst. The dis- 
 charge, he adds, is very acrid ; and, if it 
 be not seasonably let out, the subjacent 
 bone becomes carious, and Fistula lachry- 
 malis ensues. See ANCHILOPS. 
 
 ./EGOPHONIE. See EGOPHONIE. 
 
 ^EGYPTIAC, s. m., pharmacum aegypti- 
 acum, L. : onguent compose* avec le vin- 
 aigre, le miel, et le vert-de-gris, F., un- 
 guentum ex aceto, melle, et aerugine com- 
 positum, L., eine aus essig, honig, und 
 grunspan bestehende salbe, G., an oint- 
 ment (or rather liniment) composed, or 
 consisting, of vinegar, honey, and verdi- 
 gris. 
 
 AERIEN, adj., ae'rius. L., luftig, zur 
 luft gehorig, oder aus luft bestehend, G., 
 aerial, belonging to, or consisting of, air. 
 
 AERIFERE, adj. aerifer, L. (aer, air, 
 ferre, to convey), luftfuhrend ?, G., 
 aeriferous : a term applied to those tubes 
 which are destined to convey air into the 
 living body ; as the windpipe and bronchia 
 of the higher animals, and the tracheae of 
 insects. 
 
 AERIFICATION, s. , aerificatio, f. L. 
 (a'cr, and facere, to make), aerification : 
 the action of converting a body into gas or 
 elastic fluid. 
 
 AERIFOHME, adj., aeriformis, L. (same, 
 and forma, form), luftartig, G., aeri- 
 form : that which assumes the/ormof^as 
 or elastic fluid. Synonymous with gas- 
 eous.
 
 , adj. (^, air, Ima.- 
 PH, force), aerodvnamica, L., luftkraft- 
 lehre, aerodynamik, f. G. : a term applied 
 to that part of physics which involves the 
 study of the phenomena dependent upon 
 atmospheric pressure. 
 
 AEROGRAPHIEj S. f. (f, and lygaifiu, I 
 
 describe), aerographia, L., luftbeschrei- 
 bung, f. G., aerography: description of, 
 or treatise on, the air. 
 
 AEROLITHE, s. (>)/>, and \i6os, stone), 
 aerolithus, L., aerolith, luftstein, me- 
 teorstein, m. G., aerolite, aerolithe, air- 
 stone, meteoric stone : a name improperly 
 given to mineral substances fallen from 
 the atmosphere ; whose composition is pe- 
 culiar, and origin utterly unknown. 
 
 AEROLOGIE, s. f. (same, and Xay,, dis- 
 course), aerologia, , L aerologie, , 
 die lehre von der luft, G., aerology, doc- 
 trine of, treatise on, the air. 
 
 AEROMETRIE, s. (same, and ftirpov, 
 measure), aerometria, f. L., aerometrie, 
 luftmesskunst, , G., aerometry: that 
 part of physics which treats of the history 
 of the physical properties of atmospheric 
 air. AEROMETRE, F., aerometron, L.,_ 
 aerometer,luftdichtigkeitsmesser,m.G., 
 aerometer: an instrument wherewith to 
 measure the density of atmospheric air. 
 
 AEROPHOBIE, s. f. (same, and QoS'ia, I 
 fear), aerophobia, f. L., luftscheu, f. G. : 
 horror of the contact of a current of air , 
 sometimes observed in the delirium con- 
 sequent upon inflammation of the brain or 
 its membranes : the term is often incor- 
 rectly used to designate dread of light, 
 (Photophobia), a symptom much less rare, 
 and usually accompanying the horror of 
 water in Hydrophobia. AEROPHOBE, adj., 
 aerophobicus, aerophobus, L. : one ex- 
 periencing the dread of air. 
 
 JEsrixG, s. a corruption of aspic, asp ? 
 in Zoology, the Swedish name of a ve- 
 nomous serpent , Coluber Chers&a, Linnae- 
 us, Viper Cherscea, Daudin, of the Class 
 Reptiles, Order Ophidiens, Cuvier, vipere 
 rouge (red viper), of French Schwedische 
 viper, of German writers : found princi- 
 pally in north Europe. It is much small- 
 er, and inflicts a wound more rapidly fa- 
 tal, than the common European species. 
 Length, 6 inches ; abdominal plates, 150; 
 double sub-caudal scales, 34 : hence differ- 
 ing from the vipere rouge of France and 
 Switzerland, length, 17 inches ; abdomi- 
 nal plates, 155; sub-caudal scales, 36, 
 commonly referred to the same species. 
 See Gmelin, Allg. geschichte der thierischen 
 gifte, p. 75 ; Cuvier, Regne Anim., vol. iii, 
 p. 85 ; Cloquet, Faune des Medecins, v. i, 
 p. 236. 
 
 jEsTHKME, s. m.,a,i'f0np,K, sensatio, 
 L., empfindung, G., sensation. 
 
 , s. , aiV^W/f, sensibilitas, 
 
 16 
 
 AFF 
 
 f. L., gefiihl, gefuhlsvermogen, n. G., 
 sensibility. 
 
 ./ESTHETEHE, s.m., ulfHwrripicv,- aisthe- 
 terium, sensorium commune, n. L., der 
 hauptsitz der empfindung, G., principal 
 seat of the sensations common sensorium. 
 
 ./ETHER. See ETHER. 
 
 ./ETHIOPS. See ETHIOPS. 
 
 ./ETIOLOGIE. See ETIOLOGIE. 
 
 AFFADISSEMENT, s. m., saporis depri- 
 vatio, L., beraubung des geschmacks, 
 f. G., the loss of taste, of tne power of 
 discerning the flavour of substances taken 
 into the mouth. 
 
 AFFAIBLISSEMENT, s. m., debilitatio, 
 L., schwachung, f. L., weakening, di- 
 minution of power. Exs. de la vue, 
 de 1' ouie, F., impairment of the sight, of 
 hearing. See AMBLYOPIE, BARYECOIE. 
 
 AFFAISSEMENT, s. , collapsus, m., 
 depressio, f. L., verringerung, f. (i.,_ 
 collapse, abatement, diminution of vo- 
 lume or tension, depression. Exs. du 
 bas-ventre, des mamelles, de la cornee, 
 decrease of tension of the belly, of the 
 breasts, of the cornea ; des forces d' un 
 malade, F., depression of the strength of a 
 sick person. 
 
 AFFECTIF, adj., that which affects or 
 excites emotion. The Affective Faculties 
 (les facultes affectives, F.) constitute, in 
 Spurzheim's phrenological arrangement, 
 a distinct Order, including three genera : 
 the Animal Propensities ; the Sentiments 
 common to man and the lower animals ; 
 and the Affective faculties peculiar to 
 man. See FACULTE, INTELLECTUEI,. 
 
 AFFECTION, s. , affectus, m., affectio, 
 f. L., Affection has two different significa- 
 tions : 1 . In Medicine, the deviation of an 
 organ from its natural and healthy state: 
 2. in common language, an emotion of the 
 mind, joyous or painful. In this two-fold 
 meaning of disease and passion, the term, 
 ra,6i>s, is employed by the Greek writers. 
 Affection, in the former case, is commonly 
 further distinguished by the epithets mor- 
 bid, organic, cerebral, nervous, muscular, 
 and so forth, according to the precise na- 
 ture or seat of the mischief indicated (Af- 
 fection morbide, organique, cere'brale, ner- 
 vcuse, musculaire, F.) ; and is then sy- 
 nonymous with maladie, f. F., morbus, 
 m. L. (totro;, of the Greeks), krankheit, 
 f. G., disease. Ex. Maladie du cceur, 
 cordis morbus, krankheit des herzens, dis- 
 ease of the heart. In the latter, it is ex- 
 pressed by passion, f. F., passio, , pa- 
 thema, n. L., leidenschaft, f. G., passion, 
 emotion. Ex. Animi pathema, pathemata, 
 pi. (TK^/^a ira^^ara rris "^"J^i), 
 gemuthsbewegung, passion of the mind. 
 Certain modifications of the fundamental 
 qualities of the mind, not resulting from 
 tee action of any particular organ aestin-
 
 AGA 
 
 ed For the performance of such function, 
 as grief, terror, joy, jealousy, and rage, 
 are, by Gall, designated Affections. See 
 PASSION. 
 
 AFFERENT, adj.. afferens, L. (adferre 
 afferre, to convey to) : a name given to 
 those lymphatic vessels, vaisseaux affer- 
 , ens, F., vasa afferentia, L., which ter- 
 minate in a lymphatic gland, and convey to 
 it their contained fluid ; the free borders 
 of their valves being directed towards the 
 gland : diametrically opposed, in significa- 
 tion, to DEFKRENS. 
 
 AFFINITE, s. f., aflfinitas, f. L., ver- 
 wandtschaft, f. G., affinity : the points of 
 resemblance which various objects exhibit, 
 in form, external characters, and struc- 
 ture ; the tendency or disposition in cer- 
 tain bodies to unite chemically ; the pow- 
 er by which the constituent molecules of 
 these bodies are impelled to adhere toge- 
 ther, and enabled to preserve their state of 
 union. 
 
 AFFLUENCE, s. f., AFFLUX, m., afflux- 
 us, m. L. (affluere, to flow towards), 
 zufluss, m. G., afflux: a determination 
 (increased flow) of humours, particularly 
 of blood, to any organ. AFFLUENT, adj., 
 affluens, L., affluent: flowing towards. 
 
 AFFUSION, s. f., afFusio, f. L. (af- 
 fundere, to pour upon), affusion : appli- 
 cation of water, by sudden pouring out, to 
 a part or whole of the body. avec 1'eau 
 chaude ou 1'eau froide, F., affusion with 
 warm or cold water. 
 
 AGACEMENT, s. m., setting on edge: 
 Ex. des dents, F., stupor nebetaticx- 
 den tin m, L. : the unpleasant sensation 
 resulting from the contact of acids with 
 the teeth. 
 
 AGALACTIE, s. f. ( priv., yx, milk) 
 agalactia, f. L., der mangel an milch, 
 ausbleiben der milch in den briisten, nach 
 der niederkunft, G., want of milk, ab- 
 sence of milk from the breasts after de- 
 livery. Synonymous with AGALAXIE. 
 
 AGALLOCHE,S. m., ayaXXo^av: the re- 
 sinous and fragrant wood (bois d'aloes, F., 
 |i/xxj lignum Aloes, L., aloeholz, 
 G.), of an East-Indian tree, Excacaria 
 agallocha (Dioecia, monodelph. ; Euphorbi- 
 acece,) : much prized in China and Japan 
 for the odour which it exhales during 
 combustion; and, in this state, formerly 
 used as a cephalic. It contains an exceed- 
 ingly acrid juice. 
 
 AGALORRHEE, s. f. (priv., yaXa, milk, 
 p'sia, I flow), cessation of the flow of milk. 
 See AGALACTIE ; which differs from this, 
 as signifying absence of secretion, not sup- 
 pression after it has commenced. 
 
 AGAMI, s , 1'oiseau-trompette, in .Zoo- 
 logy, a South-American Bird, Psophia cre- 
 pitans (Grallce, Linn. ; Echassiers, Cuv. ; 
 Aleclorides, Temm.), der Agami, G., 
 
 17 
 
 AGA 
 
 golden-breasted Trumpeter: readily do- 
 mesticated ; evinces strong attachment to 
 man: flesh, an agreeable aliment. 
 
 AGAMIE, s. f., ( priv., y&fMi, marriage), 
 Agamia, f. L., Agamie, f. G absence 
 of sexual characters : a term incorrectly 
 substituted by continental Botanists, for 
 that of CUYPTOGAMIA : since sexual or- 
 gans, although not conspicuous, probably 
 exist in the various plants which it is 
 meant to comprehend. AGAME, adj., 
 agamus, L., sexless : Ex. Plantes agames, 
 F.,ffeschlechtlose (ohne befmchtungsorgane ) 
 pflanzen, G., agamous plants. 
 
 AGARIC, s. m., agaricus, m. L., . 
 schwamm, blatterschwamm, pilz, m. G., 
 agaric, mushroom : a genus in Botany 
 (Cryptogamia, fungi), originally compre- 
 hending a great number of species ; which 
 have since been distributed into several 
 distinct genera. Some of the plants be- 
 longing to this group, are edible; many, 
 unwholesome or poisonous. Among the 
 former, may be enumerated Agaricus cam- 
 pestris, edulis, agaric des champs, come- 
 stible, F., common mushroom ; and A. 
 aurantiacus, agaric orange', oronge, F., 
 orange agaric : among the latter, A. semi- 
 fflobalus, virosus, halbkugelichter blatter- 
 schwamm, G , poisonous agaric or toad- 
 stool ; A. piperatus, fastens, agaric fe'tid, 
 F., pfeft'erschwamm, G., pepper agaric ; 
 A. vernus, bulbosus, agaric bulbeux, F., 
 fruhlingsschwamm, G., bulbous-stemmed 
 agaric ;- A. (Amanita) muscarius, agaric 
 fausse oronge, F., fliegenschwamm, G., 
 fly agaric ; and Phallus fetidus, impudi- 
 cus, satyre impudique, F., die wilde mor- 
 chel, G., stinlcing morell. See Greville, 
 Scottish Crypt. Flora, Edinburgh ; Roques, 
 Histoire des Champignons comest., et venen. 
 Paris, 1832. The term, Agaric, F. and 
 Br., 'Aya.oix.ci, Agaricum, L., is also ap- 
 plied, in Medicine, to two species of the 
 genus BOLETUS. One of these, B. laricis, 
 agaric blanc ou du meleze, F... lerchen- 
 schwamm, G., growing on the Larix corn- 
 munis, Europeea, in Asia and South Eu- 
 rope, appears in commerce, in white pieces, 
 of extraordinary bitterness and acridity ; 
 is a violent drastic purgative; recom- 
 mended by de Haen, against the colliqua- 
 tive sweats of phthisis ; but now rarely 
 employpd except in veterinary medicine. 
 The other, . quercinus, igniarius, aga- 
 ric de chene, angule', amadouvier, F., 
 eisenschwamm, feuerschwamm. G., touch- 
 wood Boletus, is the substance which sup- 
 plies the Amadou or Agaric, of surgeons ; 
 employed for the suppression of haemor- 
 rhage from minute vessels. It operates 
 mechanically or as a simple absorbent; 
 and possesses none of the astringent pro- 
 perties formerly attributed to it. See 
 Purton, Midland Flora, vol. ii, p. 672.
 
 AGI 
 
 AGE, s. m., aetas, f. I..., alter, n. G., 
 age : the measure of time elapsing be- 
 tween life and death ; presumed natural 
 duration of life in an organized being ; 
 a period of life characterized by a particu- 
 lar state of the organs. 
 
 AGEDOITE, s. fT: an immediate princi- 
 ple of vegetables, crystallizable in. octa- 
 edrons; tasteless, containing azote; in- 
 soluble in water ; soluble in the sulphuric 
 and nitric acids ; and exhaling, when tri- 
 turated with potass, an ammoniacal odour. 
 It exists in the juice of Liquorice. 
 
 AGENESIE, s. (a priv., yinins, genera- 
 tion), agenesis, f. L., sterility ; not the 
 impotence resulting from malformation 
 of the sexual organs, nor from deficiency 
 of the sexual appetite. 
 
 AGENT, s. m., agens, m. L., agent, 
 m. G., agent : that which acts. Exs. 
 morbifique, deletere, F., any agent or pow- 
 er by which organic action is injured or 
 destroyed ; hygienique, therapeutique, an 
 agent whereby that action is maintained, 
 or restored when injured ;chimique, any 
 substance or power acting chemically on 
 bodies. 
 
 AGERASIE, s. f. (a priv., y^aj, old age), 
 agerasia, insenescentia, f. L. : old age 
 unattended by infirmity or complaint. 
 Vieillesse vigoureuse et verte, F., senec- 
 tus vegeta, L., ein munteres, kraftiges 
 griinendes alter, G., a vigorous green 
 old age. 
 
 AGEUSTE, AGEUSTIE, s. f, a.ytv<rr'ux. 
 ageustia, L., geschmacksmangel, m., 
 fehler im sinne des geschmacks, G., dimi- 
 nution (or abolition) of the sense of taste. 
 
 AGGLUTINATIF, adj., glutinosus (glu- 
 ten, glue), leimend, G., agglutinative : 
 that which sticks together, or attaches it- 
 self, like glue. The common court and 
 resin-plasters, employed to effect the im- 
 mediate reunion of simple solutions of 
 continuity, and bring into contact the lips 
 of incised wounds, are familiar agglutina- 
 tive applications, remedes agglutinans, 
 F., agglulinanlia, L., feimmittel, G. 
 
 AGGLUTINATION, s. , agglutinatio, 
 Li. (same), zusammenleimung, anhei- 
 lung, G., agglutination : the action of 
 agglutinative substances; first grade of the 
 adhesive process. AGGLUTINANT, adj., 
 agglutinans, L., zusammenleimend, an- 
 heuend, G., agglutinant. AGGLUTINER, 
 v. a., agglutinare, zusammenleimen, an- 
 heilen, to agglutinate. Ex. les levres 
 d'uneplaie, F., vulneris labia agglutinan- 
 tibus conjungere, L., to stick together 
 to unite by adhesive applications the lips 
 of a wound. 
 
 AGHEUSTIE. See AGEUSTIE. 
 
 AGISSANT, adj. : a term applied to me- 
 dicine in its therapeutic department 
 Thus, when the physician employs active 
 18 
 
 AGO 
 
 measures requisite for the subduction of a 
 disease, he is said to practice la medecine 
 agissante : while, if he limit his exertions 
 to the mere removal of those circumstan- 
 ces which may prevent its favourable ter- 
 mination, he is a follower of la medecine 
 expectante. The term is also sometimes 
 used as synonymous with energetic. Ex. 
 remede agissant, F., a medicinal remedy 
 which operates in a decisive manner. 
 
 AGITATION, s. , agitatio (agere, to 
 act), jactitatio, f. L., unruhe, heftige be- 
 wegung, f. G., restlessness, agitation : 
 the incessant movement of a patient in 
 quest of an easy posture ; inquietude of 
 mind. 
 
 AGLACTATION. See ABLACTATION. 
 
 AGLIE, s. f. ayA/ aglia, f. L., a white 
 cicatrix of the cornea. 
 
 AGLOSSIE,S. (a priv., yXaWa, tongue), 
 aglossia, f. L., zungenlosigkeit, f. G., ? 
 privation of the tongue. AGLOSSE, adj., 
 aglossus, zungenlos, tongueless. 
 
 AGLOSSOSTOJIOGRAPHIE, s. (, y\u<r- 
 ffu., ffl'opa., mouth, yptiiQia, I describe), a- 
 glossostomographia, f. L., die beschrei- 
 bung eines mundes ohne zunge, G., the 
 description of a mouth without a tongue. 
 
 AGNEAU, s. m., a^voj, agnus, m. L., 
 lamm, n. G., lamb : young of the sheep, 
 Ovis aries. Chair d' agneau, F., caro 
 agnina, L,, fommfleisch, G., Iamb's flesh. 
 
 AGNOIE, s. f. ( priv., yt'ou, I know, obs.), 
 agnoia, L, unconsciousness: the condi- 
 tion of a sick man who recognizes neither 
 object nor person around him. 
 
 AGNUS CASTUS, s. m. : a species of 
 plant, native of south Europe, belonging 
 to the genus Vitex (Didynamia, angio- 
 sperm. ; VerbenacecB ), gatillier, m. F., 
 keuschbaum, m. G., chaste-tree. The 
 seeds of the V. agnus castus, aromatic and 
 pungent, were supposed by the Greeks to 
 exert a controlling influence over the 
 ardours of the sexual passion. Hence the 
 generic and specific names of the shrub. 
 Subsequent experience, on the contrary, 
 sanctions the inference that, in addition 
 to a carminative and emmenagogue, they 
 possess an aphrodisiac, property. 
 
 AGONIE, s. f. (a,yiuv, a conflict), agonia, 
 f. L., agonie, , todeskampf, m. G., a- 
 
 fony: the final struggle which precedes 
 eath. Also, a term employed to desig- 
 nate sterility, sterilite', F., unfrucht- 
 
 barkeit, G., particularly in the male sub- 
 ject, vel ex vitio membri virilis, vel semi- 
 nis ipsius prava qualitate, vel defectu, L. 
 AGOUTI, s. m., in Zoology, Chloromys 
 (Cavia) aguti, ferkelkanincnen, n. G., 
 agouti: an American quadruped, (Order 
 Digitata, glires, Bl. ; Rongcurs, Cuv.) : near- 
 ly allied, in structure and habits to the 
 guinea-pig and hare, with flesh resem- 
 bling that of the rabbit. See Cuvier,
 
 AGR 
 
 Regne Anim., v. i, p. 221 ; Cloquet, Faune 
 des Medecins, v. i, p. 251. 
 
 AGREG, adj., aggregatus, L. (aggre- 
 gare, to assemble), angehauft, G., ag- 
 gregate, gathered together : a term, in 
 .Botany, employed in several different sig- 
 nifications, but more especially to desig- 
 nate those capitate or compound flowers, 
 cujus flosculi singuli peculiar! calici gau- 
 dent, omnes tamen communi perianthio, 
 vel communi capite, continentur ; as the 
 different species of Scabiosa, Scabious, and 
 Echinops, Globe-thistle. Some plants are 
 also specifically distinguished by this term: 
 Calymenia aggregata, aggr. umbrella-wort. 
 
 AGRESTE, adj., agrestis, L,., wild, 
 G. and Br. : an expression generally em- 
 ployed to characterize plants of spontane- 
 ous growth in wild and uncultivated situa- 
 tions. Some British plants so distinguish- 
 ed, Veronica , Alopecurus agrestis, do 
 not, however, as growing in cultivated 
 grounds, strictly accord with such designa- 
 tion. 
 
 AGRIOTHTMIE, s. (aypws, ferocious, 
 fv/u.o;, character), agriothymia, insania fe- 
 rox, f. L., wilde gemuthsart, f. ; wahn- 
 sinn mit mordgier, G. : a ferocious charac- 
 ter of mind ; insanity with disposition to 
 murder. Swediaur has formed the dispo- 
 sition to acts of cruelty expressed by this 
 term, into a genus of his class, Paronoits ; 
 and indicates three species : A. ambitiosa, 
 the irrepressible desire which certain indi- 
 viduals experience, and too frequently in- 
 dulge, for the subjugation or extermina- 
 tion of their own species ; A. retigiosa, 
 the diabolical rage which others evince for 
 the destruction of those who profess a re- 
 ligion different from their own ; and, last- 
 ly, A. hydrophobica, the desire of biting 
 which exists in Rabies. By Gall ana 
 Spurzheim, the habitual manifestation of 
 such a temper of mind has been ascribed 
 to an excessive developement and its 
 exhibition as the phenomenon of a morbid 
 state, to excitement, temporary or perma- 
 nent, of a certain portion of brain term- 
 ed by them the organ of destructiveness. 
 
 AGRIPAUME, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Leonurus ( Didynamia, gymnosperm. ; La- 
 biatce), Herzgespann, n. G., Mother- 
 wort ; comprehending one British, and 
 several European species. The former, 
 L. cardiaca, common motherwort, was 
 once emploved in medicine, as a stimu- 
 lant and sudorific. 
 
 AGRIPPA, s. m. (a.'ypa, capture, *au;, 
 foot), Agrippa, m. L. : a term employed 
 to designate un enfant qui vient au 
 monde par les pieds, F., ein kind das mit 
 den fiissen voraus kommt, G a child 
 born with the feet (not the head) foremost ; 
 cujus nascendo non caput, sed pedes primi 
 exierunt, I* From this circumstance, 
 
 19 
 
 AIG 
 
 various celebrated Romans, of antiquity, 
 derived their surname : among others, 
 Marcus Agrippa, of the family of August- 
 us ; and llerodes Agi ippa, son of the first 
 Herod, King of the Jews. 
 
 AGRIUS, adj. : a term applied to one of 
 the six species of the genus Lichen, (Order 
 Papula), of Cutaneous diseases, enumerat- 
 ed and described by "VVillan. See Willan, 
 Cutan. Diseases, p. 42 ; Bateman, Synop- 
 sis, p. 10 ; Rayer, Traite, v. i, p. 574. 
 
 AGRYPXIE, s. f. a^wa-v/a (a, priv., 
 Swos, sleep), agrynnia, f. L., schlaflos- 
 igkeit, f. G, sleeplessness, watchfulness. 
 AGRYPNOCOMA, s. m. (same, and KU^O,, 
 stupor), agrypnocoma, L.. : schlaflosig- 
 keit mit grosser neigung zum schlaf, G., 
 watchfulness alternating with drowsiness 
 or stupor. 
 
 AlDOIAGRAFHIE. See JEDOIOGHAPHIE. 
 
 AIDOIALOGIE. See JDOIOLOGIE. 
 
 AIDOIATOJMIE. See VDOIOTOMIE. 
 
 AIDOPSOPHIE. See ^EDOPSOPHIE. 
 
 AIGE, s. : a white speck, from a cica- 
 trix of the cornea, in front of the pupil. 
 Respecting the etymology and precise sig- 
 nification of this term, authors do not 
 agree. 
 
 AIGILOPS. See ^EGILOPS. 
 
 AIGLE, s. m., 'AITOS, Aquila, m. L., 
 Adler, G., Eagle : a sub-genus, in Or- 
 nithology, belonging to the genus, Fako, 
 (Order Accipitres, Linn ., Rapaces,Temm.) ; 
 and constituting a distinct genus, Aquila, 
 in the Falconidce, of later writers. The 
 sub-genus contains eight European spe- 
 cies; three of these, F. chrysdetos, albicilla, 
 haliaetus, British. Several products of 
 the former, 1' aigle royal dore' F., gold- 
 adler, G., golden eagle, Br.,-^particular- 
 ly the bile and excrement, were employed 
 medicinally by the ancients, and retained 
 till lately in French practice. AIGLE DE 
 JIER: a species in Ichthyology, 'AZ.ia.iros,? 
 aquila marina, L,., meeradler,G., sea- 
 eagle, belonging to the genus Raia, L/inn., 
 Myliobatis, Dum Ord. Chondropieryg. 
 (a branchies fixes, Cuv.), of cartilaginous 
 fishes. This animal, Raia aquila^ common 
 in the Mediterranean, attains a very large 
 size. Its flesh, hard, insipid, of unplea- 
 sant odour and indigestible, is eaten, when 
 young, by the poor of south Europe. 
 The fiver, voluminous and two-lobed, af- 
 fords an agreeable aliment, and abounds 
 in oiL The tail is armed with a serrated 
 spine. With this, the animal strikes its 
 prey, and, although it be the conductor of 
 no venomous fluid, sometimes inflicts on 
 man, a painful, ragged, and formidable 
 wound. Another species, R. (Trygon) 
 pastinaca, sting Ray, described as British, 
 is furnished with like weapons on the tail 
 and back. See Faune des Midecins, v. i, p. 
 256,-269 ; and Turton's Linneeus, v. i, p. 
 C2
 
 AIG 
 
 027-8. AIGLE, a. , <yXi, aiglia, f. 
 L. : synonymous with AIGE. 
 
 AIGRE, adj., acidus, acerbus, auste- 
 rus, L.., sauer, scharf, herbe, rauh, G , 
 acid, sour, austere, rough. See ACERBE . 
 Applied to a metal which breaks readily 
 under the hammer, it is synonymous with 
 cassant, fragile, F., fragilis, L., zer- 
 brechlich, G-., fragile, brittle. AIGRE- 
 DOUX, adj., ex acerbo suavis, L.., sauer- 
 lich-siiss, G., sourish-sweet : a com- 
 pound of sweet and acid or austere. AIG- 
 B.ELET, adj. : synonymous with ACIDULE. 
 
 AIGREMOINE, s. f., Agrimonia, f. L., 
 Odermennig, m. G., Agrimony, Liver- 
 wort : a genus in TJotany ( Dodecandria, 
 digyn. ; Rosaceae), comprehending one 
 British and several exotic species. The 
 leaves and roots of the former, Agrimonia 
 Eupatoria, agrimonie, leberklette, f. G., 
 common Agrimony, have an astringent 
 taste ; but are now rarely employed ex- 
 cept in popular medicine. 
 
 AIGRETTE, s. f., pappus, m. L., saa- 
 menkrone, G., in Botany, the little tuft 
 or plume of hairs or scales which croions 
 the seeds of certain genera of plants, par- 
 ticularly those belonging to the great fa- 
 milies of the Composite and ValerianetB. 
 This seed-crown is termed pilose (hairy), 
 poilu, F., pilosus, L., haarig, G., 
 when composed of simple and non-rami- 
 fied hairs, as in the Thistles ; plumose, 
 (feathery), plumeux, F., plumosus, L., 
 federartig, G., when ramified on the 
 sides, and presenting minute plumes as in 
 the Dandelion ; squamous (scaly) squa- 
 meux, F., squamosus, L., schuppig, 
 G., when formed of minute scales, as in 
 the Sun-flower; and marginal, Br., and F., 
 marginalis, L., am rande stehend, G., 
 when constituting, as in the genera An- 
 thernis and Matricaria, a small membra- 
 nous border on the summit of the seed. 
 The pappus is, moreover, called sessile 
 (sitting), sessil, F., sessilis, L., unge- 
 stielt, G., when the hairs composing it, 
 are inserted immediately into the summit 
 of the ovary, as in the Artichoke; and 
 stalked, stipite', F., when supported on a 
 stem or peduncle, stipes, L., stiel, G., 
 as in the Dandelion. AIGRETTE, adj., 
 papposus, L., furnished with a seed- 
 crown, or pappus. 
 
 AIGTJ, adj., ou?, .acutus, argutus, L., 
 hitzig, heftig, spitzig, scharf, G., acute, 
 active, severe, snarp, shrill, piercing.. 
 This term, in Medicine and Physics, nas 
 divers significations: 1. Applied to a 
 morbid affection, of violent character and 
 usually short duration, it is synonymous 
 with active. Ex. Une maladie aigue, F., 
 morbus acutus, L,, eine hitzige krank- 
 heit, G., an acute or active disease : See 
 ACTIF, and CHRONIQUE : 2. to the de- 
 20 
 
 AIG 
 
 scription of pain, synonymous with se- 
 vere, sharp : Ex. Douleur vive, dolor acu- 
 tus, ein hef tiger scharfer schmerz, a 
 severe sharp pain: See DOULEUR: 3. 
 of visible forms and objects, it signifies 
 sharp : Ex. Angle aigu, angulus acutus, 
 
 ein scharfer spitziger winkel, an 
 acute angle ; Pointe aigue, cuspis acuta, 
 ein scluirfe spitze, a sharp point : 4 
 of impressions made by the voice of man 
 or other animal on the organ of hearing, 
 it implies shrill: Ex. Cri aigu, clamor ar- 
 gutus, ein scharfes durchdringendes ge- 
 schrey, a shrill piercing cry. See CRI. 
 
 AIGUILLE, s. f., /SsXavx, pafif, acus, f. 
 IA, nadel, nahnadel, G., needle: 'an 
 instrument in Surgery, composed of gold, 
 silver, platina, or steel, commonly the 
 latter ; and of various figure and dimen- 
 sions according to the purposes which it is 
 destined to execute. The following is an 
 enumeration of the different sorts of nee- 
 dles principally employed, and their vari- 
 eties : 1. Aiguille a acupuncture, needle for 
 acupuncture ; 2 a cataracte, cataract- 
 needle, with its several varieties named 
 after the surgeons by whom they have 
 been invented or introduced; as de 
 Beer, de Dupuytren, de Grsefe, 
 de Hey, de Himly, de Langenbeck, 
 
 de Scarpa, de Schmidt, de Sie- 
 bold, de Walther ; 3. de fistule, fis- 
 tula-needle ; 4. a inoculation, inocula- 
 tion-needle ; 5. a ligature, ligature-nee- 
 dle, with its varieties, de Deschamps, 
 
 de Paape ; 6. a seton, seton-needle ; 
 7- suture, needle for the suture of 
 wounds. The needle may be straight, 
 droite; curved, courbe ; rounded, arrondie ; 
 flat, plate; triangular, triangulaire ; fur- 
 nished witli a handle, emanchee, protect- 
 ed by a sheath or canula, engainee, F. 
 Aiguille a appareil is the common sewing- 
 needle used in making bandages ; aim- 
 antee, acus magnetica, L., magnetraaefe/., 
 G., the magnetic needle. 
 
 AIGUILLON, s. m., aculeus, m. L. (a- 
 cus, a needle), stachel, m. G., prickle : 
 in Botany, the pointed process or append- 
 age, with which the trunks or branches of 
 certain plants are armed; which are at- 
 tached to the epidermis without adhering 
 to the wood, as in the Rose and Goose- 
 berry-tree, and deciduous in the progress 
 of age, not in culture. These circum- 
 stances serve to distinguish the prickle 
 from the spine or thorn, a prolongation 
 of the wood itself, not deciduous in age, 
 and changing by culture, into a branch. 
 See ANNEXE, EPINE. The prickle is ei- 
 ther straight, droit, F., rectus, L., ge- 
 rade, G. ; or recurved, recourbe', recur- 
 vatus, riickwarts gekrummt. 
 
 AiGuiLLONE,adj.,aculeatus,L., stache- 
 lich, G., prickly, armed with prickles.
 
 AIL 
 
 AIL, s. m. (from the Celtic, all, acrid) : 
 a genus in Botany, Allium, L. ( Hexan- 
 dria, monogyn ; Liliacece, Asphodelece), 
 Lauch, m. G. Garlick ; containing seven 
 British and numerous exotic species, all 
 edible. Also, a species in the same genus, 
 Allium sativum, L., <rxiipd$ov, knoblauch, 
 G., common garlick, a native of South Eu- 
 rope; but generally cultivated. Its bulb 
 is composed of many smaller bulbs, gous- 
 ses d'ail, F In external application, it is 
 rubefacient ; and, roasted, forms an ingre- 
 dient in suppurative poultices. Internal- 
 ly, stimulant, diuretic, and vermifuge, it 
 enters into divers pharmaceutical prepa- 
 rations, especially the vinaigre des quatre 
 voleurs, of the French. It is also largely 
 consumed as an article of diet, in Southern 
 France, Spain, and Moravia. 
 
 AILE, s. f., #ripov, ala, f. L., fliigel, 
 m. G., wing : in .Zoology, the single or 
 double pair of organs whereby some ani- 
 mals, as Birds and Insects, transport 
 themselves through the air, from place to 
 place. A few others, besides birds, be- 
 longing to the vertebrated Classes, as the 
 Bat, VespertUio, the Dragon, Draco volans, 
 and the flying-fish, Exocoetus volitans, are 
 furnished with wings, or expansions of 
 membrane organs which execute a simi- 
 lar, or nearly similar function. In Draco, 
 it consists of a production of integument 
 sustained on the six first false ribs which 
 extend horizontally from the body ; and, 
 like that of the flying Squirrel, Sciurus 
 volans, serves the animal for a parachute, 
 rather than wing ; in Exocoetus, of an ex- 
 traordinary development of the pectoral 
 fin. In Anatomy, a part or appendage, 
 situated, in pairs, on the sides of a pair- 
 less organ. Exs. Aile du nez, F., ala 
 nasi, L., der nasenfl'tigel, G., the wing, 
 or lateral expansion, of the nostril in man, 
 the Quadrumana, and some other animals ; 
 du sphenofde, F., ala ossis sphenoidei, 
 L., fiugel des keilbeines, G., wing of 
 the sphenoid bone, constituting the os 
 alaire (os alare, L.) ou ptereal, alar or 
 wing-like bone, of Geoffrey St.-Hilaire. 
 In Botany, the membranous expansion or 
 border with which various products or or- 
 gans of plants, as the seeds, are provided, and 
 whereby such seeds, like those of the ma- 
 ple, Acer, are sustained in their dispersion 
 through the air ; also, the two lateral pe- 
 tals of papilionaceous flowers, as those of 
 the Pea, and Bean or Vetch Pisum and 
 Vicia tribe. AILE, adj., alatus, L., 
 gefliigelt, G., winged : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in .Zoology, to the winged animals 
 already enumerated: in Botany, to stems, 
 petioles, seeds, or other organs of plants 
 furnished with a membranous expansion; 
 as the stem of great Mullein, Verbascum 
 thapsus ; the petiole of Orange, Citrus au~ 
 
 21 
 
 AKI 
 
 rantium, and the seeds of Elm, Ulmus cam- 
 pestris, and Ash, Fraxinus excelsior: and 
 also, for specific designation, to certain 
 species of plants, as oval-leaved Monkey- 
 flower, Mimulus alatus. In Surgery, to 
 an instrument, Sonde ailee, invented by 
 Mery ; which consists of an ordinary 
 grooved staff furnished on the middle of 
 the convex part, with a plate, concave 
 below, for the protection of the bowel 
 during the operation of dilating (debride- 
 ment, F.) wounds of the belly complicated 
 with intestinal protrusion, by a bistoury 
 introduced along the groove. AILEFORME, 
 adj., alseformis, L., flugelformig, G., 
 wing-shaped. AILERETTE, AILETTE, s. 
 , une petite aile, F., ala parva, L., ein 
 kleiner fliigel, G. } awinglet or little wing. 
 
 AINE, s. , fiouZav, inguen, n. L., 
 schamleiste, G., groin : the oblique fold 
 which separates the abdomen from the 
 thigh. Leistenbeule, f. G., an inguinal 
 abscess or bubo. See BUBON, INGUINAL. 
 
 Am, s. m., ixfy, aer, m. L., luft. 
 G., air: a term formerly applied, not 
 only to the atmosphere, but to every de- 
 scription of gaseous fluid; now exclusively 
 restricted to the former. Atmospheric air, 
 1' air atmospherique, F., aer atmosphe- 
 ricus, L., die atmospharische luft, G. a 
 perfectly elastic, excessiA^ely mobile, trans- 
 parent fluid, colourless, tasteless, ponder- 
 able, compressible, is composed of 79 parts 
 of nitrogen and 21 of oxygen gas. 
 
 AIRAIN, aes, n. L. erz, n. G., brass : 
 an admixture of copper, zinc, tin, and an- 
 timony. 
 
 AIRELLE, s. , a genus in Botany, Vac- 
 cinium (Octandria, monogyn.; Ericece, Vac- 
 cinece), Heidelbeere, f. G., Bleaberry, 
 Whortleberry; containing several species 
 with edible berries. The fruit of airelle 
 myrtille, Vaccinium myrtillus, L., heidel- 
 beerstrauch, m. G., common bilberry, is 
 much employed in domestic economy : its 
 expressed juice affords a pleasant and re- 
 freshing beverage. 
 
 AIRIGNE. See ERIGNE. 
 
 AISSELLE, s. , ftaff%K^v, axilla, 
 L,, achselgrube, f. G., arm-pit : a term 
 applied, in Anatomy, to the cavity, or 
 hollow, situated beneath the shoulder- 
 joint, formed by the margin of the pecto- 
 ralis major muscle, anteriorly; posterior- 
 ly by that of the latissimus dorsi, and con- 
 taining the axillary artery, vein, nerves, 
 and lymphatic glands : in Botany, blatt 
 oder ast achsel, der winkel welchen die 
 insertion eines blattes oder astes bildet, 
 G., the angle formed by the insertion of 
 a leaf or branch into a branch or trunk. 
 See AXILLAIRE. 
 
 AISTHESIE. See AESTH SIE. 
 
 AITIOLOGIE. See ETIOLOGIE. 
 
 AKIXESIE. See ACINESIE.
 
 ALB 
 
 AKOLOGIE. See ACOLOGIE. 
 
 ALAISE, ALAIZE. See A.LEZE. 
 
 ALALIE, s. f. ( priv r ., Xa>.;a, speech), 
 mutitas, f., loquelse defectus, m. L., 
 sprachlosigkeit, , verlust der sprache, G., 
 mutism, dumbness, loss of speech. See 
 APHONIE. 
 
 ALAMBIC, s. m. (al, augm., a^/f, pot), 
 alembicus, m. L., destillirkolben, destil- 
 lirhelm, m. G., alembick : an apparatus 
 employed in distillation ; and usually con- 
 sisting of four pieces, the retort, cucur- 
 bite, fT; sand-bath, baine-marie, m. ; head, 
 chapiteau, m. ; and worm, serpentin, m., F. 
 See these different Articles. 
 
 ALANTIKE, s. f. See INUXINE. 
 
 ALBARA, ALBARAS, ALBAROS. See 
 ALPHOS. 
 
 ALBATRE, s. m., aX?a<r<rov, alabas- 
 trum, n. L., alabaster, G. and Br., cal- 
 caire, calcareous : a variety of carbonate 
 of lime, in compact masses, beautifully 
 white and semi-transparent. gypseux, 
 gypsous : a native variety of sulphate of 
 lime, compact and susceptible of polish. 
 
 ALBINOS, s. m. (albus, white), albino: 
 a term from the Spanish, employed to de- 
 signate individuals of the human race at- 
 tacked with leucetiopie ; who exhibit every- 
 where a dead-white tint of skin ; have red 
 eyes, weak vision, and with difficulty dis- 
 cern objects in open day. The albino va- 
 riety is frequently displayed in the lower 
 animals, as in the white mouse and rabbit. 
 
 ALBIPERLE, s. : a substance mixed 
 with adipocire; discovered in a concretion 
 of the abdominal parietes, by MorettL 
 
 ALBOSE. See EPINYCTIDE. 
 
 ALBUGINE, adj., albugineus, L. (albus, 
 white), albugineous : an epithet applied 
 to membranes distinguished^ by their white 
 colour. Exs. Membrane albuginee de 1'oeil, 
 F., membrana albuginea (conjunctiva) 
 oculi, L., das weissen augenhautchen, G. ; 
 
 du testicule, tunica albug. testis, 
 
 die eigene haul des hodens. The albugi- 
 neous fibre, fibre albuginee, white, hard, 
 firm, elastic, and insensible, constitutes 
 byits union in fasciculi, and its various dis- 
 position, different membranous expan- 
 sions, as the periosteum, dura mater, scle- 
 rotica, the proper coverings of the kidney, 
 spleen, testicle, the sheaths of tendons, 
 capsules and ligaments of joints, the ten- 
 dons themselves, and fasciae. ALBUGI- 
 XEUX, adj.,_- albuginosus, L.,__ weisslich, 
 G., albuginose : an epithet applied to 
 every part of the animal body into the 
 composition of which the albugineous fi- 
 bre enters. 
 
 ALBUGO, s. , (same) weisser augen- 
 fleck, G.: a white and perfectly opaque 
 speck, which succeeds inflammation of the 
 cornea; sometimes disappearing spontane- 
 ously, but ordinarily incurable. Synony- 
 22 
 
 ALC 
 
 mous with Allula. See NEPHELIOH, 
 LEUCOMA. 
 
 ALBUMEN, s. m. : a name given by 
 Gsertner to the accessory body of the 
 embryo existing in the grains of certain 
 plants, the perisperme, of Jussieu, and 
 endosperme, of Richard, eiweiss, n. G. 
 
 ALBUMINE, s. m., albumen, n. L.: ei- 
 weisstoff, m. : eine dem weissen vom ey 
 ahnliche substanz, G., a substance resem- 
 bling (and in fact forming) the white of egg; 
 fluid, transparent, colourless, insipid, hea- 
 vier than, but soluble in, water; turning 
 .green the syrup of violets; coagulable by 
 the action of fire and electricity which 
 convert it into flakes, or a hard, white, co- 
 herent mass no longer soluble in water. 
 Extensively diffused, almost invariably 
 in combination with sub-carbonate of so- 
 da, through the animal economy. ALBU- 
 MINEUX, adj., albuminosus, L., albu- 
 minous: containing, or exhibiting the 
 characters of, albumen. 
 
 ALCALESCENCE, s. , alcalescentia, f. 
 L., ^alkalescence : the development of al- 
 kaline properties in a body not previously 
 exhibiting them. AI.CALESCENT, adj., 
 alcalescens, L., alkalescent : an epithet ap- 
 plied to such bodies. 
 
 ALCALI, s. m., alcali, alkali, L , G.,and 
 Br. (al, augm., kali, the marine plant 
 furnishing soda). From this plant, the 
 name was extended to the product of its 
 incineiation, and to all the substances en- 
 dowed with similar properties. Formerly 
 eight distinct alkalis only were known : of 
 these, seven have since proved to be me- 
 tallic oxides: the eighth ammonia is 
 composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. To 
 these, several new substances, obtained 
 from the vegetable kingdom, and distin- 
 guished from the preceding, by the title 
 of organic alkalis, have lately been added ; 
 as aconitine, atropine, brucine, and others. 
 The researches of modern chemistry are 
 constantly adding to their number. Like 
 the mineral alkalis, they turn green the 
 syrup of violets, and form salts with vari- 
 ous acids : but they are, for the most part, 
 completely or nearly insoluble ; and they 
 vary greatly in taste. The terms, alcali 
 fixe, fixed alkali, and volatil, volatile 
 alkali, were heretofore applied, the former 
 to polass and soda; the latter, to ammonia. 
 Potass and soda were, moreover, from their 
 apparently different origins, respectively 
 distinguished by the epithets vegetal, and 
 mineral. ALCALJGENE, adj., (alcali, and 
 yiivopa.,, I engender), alcaligenus, L., 
 alkaligenous: a name given by some che- 
 mists, to nitrogen. ALCALIN, adj., al- 
 calinus, L., alkalisch, kalisch, G.,_ alka- 
 line. 
 
 ALCALIMETRE, s. m. (same, and ^.tr^v, 
 measure), alcalimetrum, n. L., alkali-
 
 ALC 
 
 meter: an instrument for measuring the 
 precise quantity of alkali contained in the 
 soda or the potass of commerce, by that of 
 the sulphuric acid requisite for the satu- 
 ration of a given weight of these sub- 
 stances. 
 
 ALCALINITE", s. f., alcalinitas, s. f. : the 
 disposition to assume the characteristic 
 properties of an alkali. ALCALIZATIOX, 
 s. f., alkalization : the process by which 
 a body acquires these properties. 
 
 ALCHIMIE, s. f. (al, augm., chimia, che- 
 mistry), alchemia,f. L., alchemie, f. G., 
 alchemy : die vermeintliche goldmach- 
 erkunst, G., the pretended (chimerical) 
 art of making gold; ilia Chymiae pars 
 quae agit de metallorum transmutatione, 
 L. ; das suchen und finden des steins der 
 weisen, G., the search after, and discovery 
 of, the philosopher's stone. ALCHIMISTE, 
 s. m., aichimista, m. L,., alchymist, gold- 
 macher, m. G., an adept a practitioner 
 in Alchemy. 
 
 ALCOOL, ALCOHOL, s. m.,spiritusvini, m. 
 L., weingeist, m. G., alcohol, spirits of 
 wine: a product of art resulting from the 
 fermentation of sugar, and requiring suc- 
 cessive distillations to obtain it in a state 
 of purity. It is the active ingredient of 
 all fermented liquors, one of the most 
 powerful diffusible stimulants, and exten- 
 sively employed in medicine, domestic 
 economy, and the arts. Highly concen- 
 trated, it operates upon the animal econo- 
 my as a corrosive poison ; and, when fre- 
 quently or habitually abused, even in a 
 state of dilution, is a prolific source of hu- 
 man infirmity, degradation, guilt, and 
 wretchedness. ALcooLiauE, adj., alcool- 
 icus, L., alcoholisch, G., alcoholic, spiri- 
 tuous : containing alcohol. 
 
 ALCOOLAT, s. m., alcoolatus, m. L. : a 
 liquid composed of alcohol and any vola- 
 tile principle : prepared by maceration of 
 aromatic substances in alcohol, and subse- 
 quent distillation : synonymous with the 
 spirituous distilled water 1' eau distille'e 
 spiritueuse of the older British and 
 French pharmaceutical formulae, and with 
 the distilled Spirits as the Spiritus Cin- 
 namoni of the modern Edinburgh and 
 London Dispensatories. 
 
 ALCOOLAT IF, s. m. : an alcoholic lini- 
 ment, lotion, or other spirituous remedy. 
 
 ALCOOLAT u HE, s. f. : an alcoholic or 
 spirituous tincture. 
 
 ALCOOLISATION, s. f., alcoolisatio, L,., 
 alcoholisirung, f. G,, alcoholization: 
 the development in a liquid, of the cha- 
 racteristic properties of alcohol. ALCOOL- 
 ISE, adj., alcoolisatus, L., alcoholized : 
 an epithet applied to fluids wherein alco- 
 hol is developed or contained. 
 
 ALCOOLOMETRE, s. m. (alcool, and 
 fiirpav, measure), alcoolometrum, n. L. : 
 
 23 
 
 ALG 
 
 an instrument whereby to determine the 
 absolute quantity of alcohol contained in 
 one hundred parts of a mixture of that 
 fluid and water. 
 
 ALcoRNOQUE,s.m., cortex alcornoque, 
 Ij., alcornoc, alcornoque-rind, G. : the 
 bark of an unknown South American tree 
 lately introduced into Europe ; and eulo- 
 gized as a specific for pulmonary phthisis : 
 jt is two or three lines thick ; of a reddish 
 colour, cinchona-like smell, and astringent 
 and slightly bitter taste. Supposed, by 
 some, to be the bark of a young cork-tree; 
 but referred by a German writer, to the 
 Alchornea latifolia, of Willdenow. See 
 Schwartze, Pharmakologische Tabellen, b. 
 i, p. 120. The Germans employ this bark 
 in the form of Extract, Alcornoc-Extract, 
 Extractum cabarro alcoronoco. 
 
 ALCYON, la salangane, Hirundo escu- 
 lenta, L., Java or esculent Swallow : a 
 species, in Ornithology, belonging to the 
 Swallow genus (Ord., Passeres) ; indige- 
 nous in Cochin-China and the Phillipine 
 and Molluca Islands. The nest which 
 this bird constructs with a whitish gelati- 
 nous substance secreted by the cryptee of 
 the lower part of the gullet and crop, con- 
 stitutes, among the Chinese, a highly va- 
 lued and expensive article of diet ; and 
 possesses exceedingly nutritious proper- 
 ties. See Turton's Linnaeus, v. i, p. 628 ; 
 llennie, Archil, of Birds, p. 288. 
 
 ALENE, adj., subulatus, L., pfriemen- 
 formig, G., subulate, awl-shaped: a term, 
 in Botany, applied to any part of a plant, 
 narrow, "hard, and pointed ; as the leaves 
 of common Juniper, Juniperus communis. 
 
 ALEXIPHARMAQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (ax'i^ia, I repel, ipa^axav, poison), alexi- 
 pharmacus, alexipharmacum, L., ein ge- 
 gengift, ein mittel gegen gift, n. ; als ge- 
 gengift dienend, G., a counter-poison, 
 antidote, a remedy against poison ; alexi- 
 pharmic, operating as a remedy against 
 poison introduced into the system. 
 
 ALEXIPYRETICIUE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and vrupsros, fever), alexipyreticus, 
 alexipyreticum, L., fiebermittel, n. ; ge- 
 gen das Jieber helfend, G., fever-medi- 
 cine, a remedy against fever ; febrifuge, 
 operating as a remedy against fever. 
 
 ALEXITERE, s. m. and adj., aXtfyrypiov, 
 atelvrvp, alexiterium, n. L,., an external 
 antidote, contre-poison externe, F.: a 
 remedy, particularly against infectious 
 and contagious diseases, ein hiilfs ret- 
 tungs mittel, besonders gegen anstec- 
 kende krankheiten, G. 
 
 ALEZE, s. f. (ax'^ia, I preserve) : a piece 
 of linen, many times folded ; and drawn 
 under a patient for the preservation of 
 cleanliness in his person and bed. 
 
 ALGIDE, adj., algidus, L. (algor, cold), 
 sehr eisig kalt, G. : a term applied
 
 ALH 
 
 to intermittent fevers characterized by a 
 continued ice-like coldness of the surface. 
 
 ALGUES, s.f., Algae, f. L.., pL(Algue,F., 
 Alga, L., sing., &UKOS a,^ti<r<rio;, JNIeer- 
 grass, n. G., Seaweed): the title given, in 
 Botany, to the 6th Order in the latest ar- 
 rangement of Class Cryptogamia. It com- 
 prehends numerous species of marine and 
 fresh-water plants, floating or attached, 
 which differ widely in form, colour, and 
 texture. " The seeds or sporules consist 
 of minute granules, internal, clustered or 
 scattered, or imbedded in tubercles pe- 
 culiar processes arising from the frond." 
 Nothing analogous to the stamens of 
 phsenogamous plants, exists in the Algae, 
 Some of the apparently least perfect of 
 them approach so nearly in structure to 
 the lower individuals of the animal crea- 
 tion, that it is impossible to draw a precise 
 line of distinction between them. 
 
 The Algae are applicable to divers useful 
 purposes in domestic and rural economy, 
 in medicine, and the arts. Many species, 
 as Iridasa edulis, Ulva lactuca, and Jlhodo- 
 menia palmata, are edible some of them 
 accounted great delicacies. Chondrus cris- 
 pus, when bleached, is employed, by the 
 Irish, as a substitute for Isinglass in the 
 composition of blanc-mange ; and the edi- 
 ble nest of the Salangane (see ALCYON) is 
 by some, said to be composed principally 
 
 of a sea-weed Cattle, at certain seasons 
 
 of the year, devour the sea-weed with 
 avidity ; and it is largely employed as a 
 manure for land in the vicinity of the 
 coast The marine Atgee furnish Iodine ; 
 and two species, Acanthaphora muscoides 
 and Gigartina Helminthochorton, are em- 
 ployed, in Medicine, as anthelmintics. 
 The value of the Algas in the manufacture 
 of kelp is notorious. 
 
 The British Algae are now distributed 
 by Hooker into 4 Divisions, comprehend- 
 ing 25 Tribes, and 112 Genera. The Euro- 
 pean Algae have been described and illus- 
 trated by Agardh, a Swedish professor 
 (See, in addition to his other works, Icones 
 Alt/arum Europcearum, now in course of 
 publication) : the British, generally, by 
 Hooker, English Flora, vol. v., part i ; 
 Lioudon, Encycl. of Plants, p. 924 ; parti- 
 ally, by Turner, Historia Fucorum ; Dill- 
 wyn, British Confervas; and Greville, 
 Algce Britanniccz Inarticulatce. 
 
 ALHAGI, or Agul, s. m. : a name given 
 by the Arabs, to a sort of Manna which 
 exudes spontaneously from a thorny 
 shrub growing in Syria and Persia, He- 
 dysarum alhagi, (Diadelphia, decandr. ; 
 Leguminosa), and concretes in yellow 
 drops. It is less purgative than Calabrian 
 manna ; is eaten by the erratic tribes of 
 the deserts ; and supposed, by some au- 
 thors, to have formed the food of the 
 24 
 
 ALI 
 
 Israelites in their passage across the wil- 
 derness. 
 
 ALHANDAL, s. f. : the Arabic name of 
 Colocynth. Hence the term trochisques 
 d" alhandal, F., trochisci al/tandal, L.., 
 Koloquinthenkugeln, f. G., Colocynth 
 troches. 
 
 ALIBILE, adj. (alo, I nourish), nah- 
 rend, nahrhaft, G., alible: synonymous 
 with Nutritif. 
 
 ALIBOUFIEB, s. m., a genus in Botany, 
 Styrax, ( Decandria, monoyyn ; Ebenaeeae ), 
 I*, Storax, G. and Br. ; comprehending 
 four exotic species. From two of these, 
 valuable medicinal substances are obtain- 
 ed, Benzoin, from S. Benzoin ; and Sto- 
 rax, from S. officinale. See BENJOIN, and 
 ST YHAX. 
 
 ALIENATION, s. f., alienatio, f. L. Cali- 
 enare, to alienate, to estrange) : aliena- 
 tion d' esprit, mentale, F., alienatio men- 
 tis, delirium, L., verruckung des ver- 
 standes, f., wahnsinn, m. G., alienation of 
 mind, madness. See FOLIE. ALIENE, 
 adj. alienatus, L. : a person mentally de- 
 ranged. See Fou. 
 
 ALIMENT, s.m., alimentum, n, L.., (alo, 
 I nourish), -rpotfri, .nahrung, speise, f. 
 G., aliment, food: any substance, solid 
 or'tiquid, which, when introduced into the 
 digestive passages alimentary canal, 
 may, after having been subjected to the 
 requisite processes, furnish materials for 
 the renovation or increase of the various 
 organs. ALIMENTAIRE, adj., alimenta- 
 rius, L., zur speise gehorig, G., alimen- 
 tary : belonging to, or destined to serve 
 as, aliment. ALIMENTEUX, adj., alens, 
 I*, nahrhaft, nahrung gebend, G., ali- 
 mental, nutritious, affording nourishment. 
 
 ALIMENTATION, s. f., alimentatio, f. 
 L., alimentation : assimilation of food ; 
 sort of food employed. 
 
 ALIPTIQUE, s. f. (a^iitfi&i, I anoint) : the 
 art of rubbing and anointing the human 
 body to promote a soft and healthy condi- 
 tion of skin, a branch of ancient medicine 
 unfortunately fallen into disuse in modern 
 practice. ALIPTE, s. m., atei-rrm, alip- 
 ta, aliptes, unctor, m., vocabatur ok'm ille 
 qui athletas inungebat, L., the majn who 
 anointed the athlete or wrestlers was for- 
 merly so called, salbmeister, salbbader, 
 m. G., der sclave, bei den Griechen und 
 Romern, der seinen hernn nach dem bade 
 salben musste, the slave, among the 
 Greeks and Romans, whose office it was 
 to anoint his master after bathing. 
 
 ALISMA, s., Plantain d' eau "AX/<T,K, . 
 a genus in Botany, Alisma ( Hexandria, 
 monogyn ; Alismacea), Froschlofiel, m. 
 G., Water Plantain ; containing five 
 British and a few exotic species. The 
 root of one of the former, A. plantago, L., 
 grosser froschloffel, G., greater water-
 
 ALL 
 
 plantain, common in ditches and the bor- 
 ders of ponds and rivers, has been employ- 
 ed as a specific for hydrophobia, especially 
 in Russia. 
 
 ALITE, adj., lecto affixus, L., bettla- 
 gerig, G., confined to bed, bed-ridden. 
 ALITER (se), v., lecto se ponere, L., 
 bettlagerig warden, G., to take to bed, 
 to become bed-ridden. 
 
 ALKEKENGI, s. in. : a species of plant, 
 belonging to the genus PhysaHs ( Pentan- 
 dria, monogyn ; Solanea), Coqueret, m. 
 F., -Judenkirsche, f. G., Winter Cherry. 
 The fine, scarlet, cherry-like fruit of this 
 plant, Physalis alkekengi, common winter 
 cherry, a native of South Europe, con- 
 tained in a large, inflated, bladder-like ca- 
 lyx, has a slightly acid and bitterish taste; 
 possesses diuretic properties, and is com- 
 monly eaten in Spam, Switzerland, and 
 Germany. 
 
 ALLAITEMENT, s. m., Jactatus, m. L. 
 (lacto, I suckle), saugen, n. G., suck- 
 ling : the act of nourishing young animals 
 with milk. This act is termed maternal, 
 matemel, F., when performed by the mo- 
 ther herself; strange, etranger, or mercen- 
 ary, mercenaire, when left to a stranger or 
 hireling nurse ; and artificial, artijiciel, 
 when the milk is administered by means 
 of a sponge, bottle, or other instrument. 
 ALLAITER, v. a., donner la mamelle, 
 lactare, L., saugen, zu saugen geben, 
 G., to suckle, to give suck. 
 
 ALLANTOIDE, s. f. (xx2f, a sausage, 
 ii$os, resemblance), allantois, membrana 
 tunica allanto'ides, urinaria, farci- 
 minalis, L., wursthautchen, f. G., allan- 
 tois : a thin, vesicular, transpaient, white 
 membrane, destitute of vessels; which ex- 
 ists between the amnion and chorion in the 
 foetus of certain quadrupeds and the Ceta- 
 cea. It has a connection, by means of the 
 urachus, with the urinary bladder; and 
 contains a watery fluid which has, there- 
 fore, been regarded as urine. In the Bis- 
 ulca ( Ruminantia) and pig, it is sausage- 
 shaped, hence the term allantois ; in the 
 hare, rabbit, and guinea-pig, flask-shaped; 
 oval, in the pole-cat. In the Solidungula 
 ( Solipeda), it covers the whole internal 
 surface of the chorion, and consequently 
 includes the amnion with the containe'd 
 foal. It does not exist in man, the Quad- 
 rumana, and hedge-hog ; in the latter ani- 
 mal, in the dog, cat, and some others, it is 
 replaced by a peculiar membrane (tunica 
 erythroides) occupying the same situation, 
 yet not connected by an urachus with the 
 Hindus of the bladder. (See ERYTHROIDE). 
 The uses of the Allantois are utterly un- 
 known. See Handbuch der vergleichenden 
 Anatomic, von Blumenbach, p. 516 Law- 
 rence's Translation, p. 467 > and Coulson's 
 Edition, p. 360. 
 
 25 
 
 ALO 
 
 ALLELUIA, s. f. : the vulgar name of 
 Ox alls acetosella, weisser Sauerklee, m. 
 G., Wood-sorrel. See OSEILLE. 
 
 ALLIAGE, s. m., alligatio, metallorum 
 permixtio, f. L., vermischung durch 
 schmelzen, G., admixture by fusion, 
 of a metal with one or more others. 
 
 ALLIAIRF,, s. f., alliaria, L. (allium, 
 garlick) : the specific name of a plant be- 
 longing to the genus Treacle-mustard, 
 Erlsymum. See VELAR. The E. alliaria, 
 knoblauchkraut, n., ramschelwurzel, f. 
 G., garlick treacle-mustard, common un- 
 der hedges, and flowering in May, emits, 
 when bruised, a powerful alliaceous smell; 
 and is diuretic, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic, 
 and expectorant. 
 
 ALLIANCE. See ACCOUPLEMENT. 
 
 ALLOTRIOPHAGIE, s. f. (aXXo<rp/<)?, 
 strange, qdyia, I devour), allotriophagia, 
 f., desiderium insolita et non nutrientia 
 devorandi, L., die krankhafte begierde, 
 fremdartige gewohnlich fiir ungeniessbar 
 gehaltene dinge zu verzehren, G., the 
 desire, the morbid longing, to devour 
 extraordinary substances commonly re- 
 garded as inedible, innutritious, or even 
 hurtful ; for instance, chalk, coal, leather. 
 
 ALOES, s. m., aX), aloe, L. and G., 
 aloes : an extracto-resinous substance, the 
 inspissated juice obtained from the leaves 
 of several species of the genus Aloe ( Hex- 
 andria, monogyn. ; Hemerocallecs ). Three 
 principal varieties are distinguished in 
 commerce : 1. Aloes soccolrin, Aloe soc- 
 cotorina, Aloes spicatse Extractum, L., 
 sokotrinische aloe, G., socotrine aloes, 
 extract of spiked aloe, the product of A. 
 perfoliata, spicata, and other species or va- 
 rieties of the plant : so named because 
 originally obtained from Socotra, an island 
 in the gulph of Arabia ; and said to be 
 composed of about two thirds of extrac- 
 tive, and one third resin. 2. Aloes hepati- 
 que, aloe hepatica, barbadensis, L., leber- 
 aloe, G., hepatic or Barbadoes aloes; 
 which derives its name from its liver co- 
 lour ; is obtained from the A. vulgaris ; 
 and consists of about 52 parts of extrac- 
 tive, 42 of resin, and 6 of an insoluble 
 matter : and 3. Aloes caballin, aloe cabal- 
 lina, L., rossaloe, G., horse or fetid 
 aloes, ostensibly procured from A. Guine- 
 ensis, but probably an artificial product 
 from the refuse of the preceding species 
 or varieties ; far less pure than them ; 
 and used exclusively, as the name im- 
 plies, in veterinary medicine. The 
 French and German Officinal Preparations 
 of Aloes are a Watery Extract, Extractum 
 Aloes Aqua paratum, wasseriges Aloe- 
 extract ; and a simple Tincture, Tinctura 
 de Aloe, Aloetinctur. In addition to 
 these, the French have a Tinctura de Aloe 
 composita (Elixir de longue-vie) and divers
 
 ALT 
 
 Pills : Pilulse de Aloe et Cambogia ; et 
 fetidis; et Kinakina; et Myrrna; ex 
 Aloe et Sapone. ALOETIQUE, adj., alo- 
 eticus, L. : a term applied to every medi- 
 cine which consists principally of Aloes 
 jede medicin die hauptsachlich aus Aloe 
 besteht, G. 
 
 ALOGOTROPHIE, s. f. (S.\ayos, dispropor- 
 tionate, Tpi, nutrition), alogotrophia, f. 
 I.,., die unverhaltnissmassige ernahrung 
 (uebernahrung) eines theils, G., the dis- 
 proportionate nutrition (excessive growth 
 hypertrophy) of a part, or organ. 
 
 ALONGE, adj., elongatus, L.. verliin- 
 gert, G., elongated, lengthened: a term 
 applied, in Anatomy, to that prominence 
 on the inferior surface of the encephalon 
 which forms the commencement of the 
 spinal cord, moelle alonaee, F., medulla 
 oblongata, L., verl'dngerte mark, G. : in 
 Botany, to parts of plants which exhibit 
 an unusually lengthened figure ; as the 
 elongated peduncles of Canna gigantea. 
 
 ALONGEMENT, s. m., elongatio, f. L., 
 verlangerung, G. : the increase of 
 length in a part ; as elongation of the low- 
 er limb in certain dislocations and dis- 
 eases of the hip-joint. 
 
 ALOPECIE, s. t, a^avixia, (aXaJsojl-, the 
 fox, frequently suffering from a like af- 
 fection), alopecia, f. L., fuchsraude, f., 
 ausfallung der haare wegen flechten, G v 
 falling of the hair consequent on tinea, 
 or other morbid affection, morbid denu- 
 dation, of the hairy scalp. 
 
 ALOSE, s. f., 0pi<r<ra, alosa, f. L., alse, 
 schade, f. , mutterharing, m. G., shad, mo- 
 ther of herrings : a species of salt-water 
 fish, belonging to the genus Clupea, Or- 
 der, Abdominales, Linn.; Malacopterygiens, 
 aldominaua;, Cuv.) edible like its conge- 
 ner, the herring ; but remarkably full of 
 small bones ; whence its name in the 
 Greek, (fyi<r<ri>{, full of hairs). The mo- 
 dern Greeks call the shad <p^cra-a. 
 
 ALOUETTE, s. f., xajuSaXos, Alauda, f. 
 L., Lerche, f. G., Lark: a genus in 
 Ornithology (Ord. Passeres, Lin. ; Passe- 
 reaux, conirostres, Cuv.), comprizing two 
 British, and several exotic, species. The 
 flesh of the two former Alouette des 
 champs, and des bois, Alauda arvensis, 
 et arborea, feldlerche und waldlerche, 
 skylark and wood-lark, affords, when well 
 fed and in season, a delicate, digestible, 
 and nutritious article of diet. 
 
 ALPHOS, s. m. (axpoj, white): a term 
 applied to one of the species of the genus 
 Lepra, in Willan's arrangement of Cuta- 
 neous Diseases. See LEPRE. 
 
 ALTERANT, s. m., and adj., aXXo/s/r/- 
 *a$, alterans, L., an alterative ; altera- 
 tive : a medicine, or term applied to any 
 medicine, which operates on the system 
 without provoking evacuations of any 
 
 26 
 
 ALU 
 
 kind: in the language of the ancient 
 schools, medicamentum quod pravos hu- 
 mores alterat et purificat, L., arzneymit- 
 tel das verdorbene siifte verandert und 
 verbessert, G., a medicine or remedy 
 which alters and purifies the depraved and 
 vitiated humours : also a term in French, 
 
 Znonymous with li^nnx,as, siticulosus, 
 ,; and applied to any /fa'rsl-exciting 
 (durst-erwekend, G.) substance. 
 
 ALTERATION, s. , alteratio, f. L., 
 veriinderung, f. G., alteration, change 
 for the worse ; the action of alterative re- 
 medies ; (in French) of substances excit- 
 ing thirst. ALT ERE, adj., depravatus, 
 vitiatus, L., verdorben, G., altered, de- 
 praved, vitiated. 
 
 ALTERER, v. a., alterare, L., verder- 
 ben, G., to alter, to modify in an unfavour- 
 able manner : in French, causer la soif, 
 sitim provocare, L., to provoke thirst. 
 ALTERER (s'), v. n., corrumpi, L., to be 
 vitiated, to undergo an alteration for the 
 worse. 
 
 ALTERNE, adj., alternus, L., ab- 
 wechselnd, G., alternate : a term, in Bo- 
 tany, applied to parts of a plant situated 
 alternately on both sides of an axis ; as the 
 twigs and leaves of the lime-tree, Tilia 
 Europcea. Petals are also said to be alter- 
 nate when they correspond with the inci- 
 sions or slits by which the calyx is divided 
 
 into a certain number of lobes or teeth 
 
 ALTERNATI-PENNE, adj. : a term employ- 
 ed to designate a pinnated leaf, folium 
 pinnatum, L., ein gefiedertes blatt, G., of 
 which the leaflets, foliola, die blattch- 
 en, are situated alternately on a common 
 petiole or footstalk. 
 
 ALTHAEA, s. f., Guimauve, f. F., Ei- 
 bisch, m. G., Marsh-Mallow : a genus in 
 Botany ( Monadelphia, polyandr. ; Malva- 
 ceae), comprizing one British and many 
 exotic species. The root and leaves of 
 A. officinalis, aX0a/, common marsh- 
 mallow (racine feuilles de guimauve, F., 
 radix folia Althaea, L., eibischwur- 
 zel, althawurzel, f., eibischblatter, n. G.), 
 abound in mucilage, and consequently 
 possess emollient properties. They are 
 much employed in popular medicine ; and 
 constitute the principal ingredient, or ba- 
 sis, of various preparations admitted into 
 the British and foreign Pharmacopeia? ; as 
 Syrupus Althaeae,L., eibischsyrup, G., 
 syrup of marsh-mallow, and unguentum 
 de Althaea, eibischsalbe, ointment of 
 the same. See GUIMAUVE. 
 
 ALUINE, s. f. See ABSINTHE. 
 
 ALUMINE, s. f., oxide <f aluminum, alu- 
 mina, f. L., alumium-oxyd, G., alu- 
 mina, oxide of aluminum : a white pow- 
 der, soft to the touch, adhering to the 
 tongue, inodorous and nearly tasteless. 
 A compound of aluminum and oxygen, it
 
 ALV 
 
 is insoluble in water ; but absorbs largely 
 that fluid, and forms with it a white and 
 pulverulent hydrate. It is soluble in 
 potass, soda, and ammonia ; combines with 
 most of the acids, and forms with them, 
 compounds of a sweetish styptic taste. It 
 exists commonly in nature, even in a state 
 of purity ; and constitutes the basis of 
 clays, boles, mica, and various other mi- 
 neral substances. 
 
 ALUMINIUM, s. m., alumium, G., 
 aluminum : the metal, of which alumina 
 is an oxide, the metallic base of alumina. 
 
 ALUN, s. m., sur-sulfate d' alwmine et de 
 potasse, alumen, n., alumen crudum, 
 sulphas acidus aluminte et potass* purus, 
 sulphas aluminse, supersulphas aluminae 
 et potassse, argilke alcalisatse,L., alaun, 
 n., roher gemeineralaun, schwefelsaures 
 alumium-oxyd, G, alum, crude, com- 
 mon alum, sulphate of alumina, super- 
 sulphate of alumina and potass. A pow- 
 erful astringent, it enters into various Of- 
 ficinal Preparations, both for external and 
 internal employment ; as Liquor alumi- 
 nis compositus, I..., Bate's alaunwasser, 
 G. ? compound solution of alum, of the 
 London, and the Pulvis sulphat. alumi- 
 nse comp., pulvis stypticus, I.,., kinoalaun 
 zusammenziehendes (styptisches) pulver, 
 G., compound powder of sulphate of 
 alumine, restringent powder, styptic pow- 
 der, of the Edinburgh Dispensatory 
 Two varieties of this salt, sulphate of 
 alumina and ammonia, and of alumina, 
 potass, and ammonia, are met with in 
 commerce. Alun calcine, sulphate d' 
 alumine sec, F., alumen exsiccatum, us- 
 tum, sulphas aluminae exsiccatum, L., , 
 gebrannte alaun, G., dried, burnt alum, 
 alum deprived of its water of crystalli- 
 zation by exposure to a strong heat, and 
 afterwards pulverized is employed exter- 
 nally as an escharotic ; internally, eulo- 
 gized as a remedy for colic. Alun de 
 roche, rock alum. 
 
 ALUNER, v. a., to impregnate a body 
 with alum by immersion in an aqueous so- 
 lution of this salt, or by other process 
 ALUNATION, s. f. : the process whereby 
 such impregnation is accomplished. 
 
 ALVEOLE, s. m., alveolus, loculus, m. 
 L., hohle, G., in Anatomy, a socket 
 or cavity. Alveoli dentium alveoles des 
 dents, F., eahn&oA&n, zahnladen, G., 
 utriusque maxillae cavitates sunt quibus 
 dentes per gomphosin inseruntur, L., the 
 alveoli or teeth-nockels are cavities of either 
 jaw in which the teeth are inserted by Gom- 
 phosis (immoveable articulation). ALVE- 
 OLAIRE, adj., alveolaris, L., ^zur zahn- 
 hohle gehorig, G., alveolar, belonging, or 
 relating, to the sockets of the teeth : Ex. 
 Arcade alveolaire de la machoire superieure 
 infe'rieure, F., processus arcus, al- 
 
 27 
 
 AMA 
 
 veolaris maxillae superioris inferioris, L., 
 xahnhohlenfortsatz des oberkiefers 
 unterkiefers, G., alveolar process arch 
 of the upper and lower jaw-bone. 
 
 ALVEOLE, adj., alveolatus, L.., zahn- 
 f iichrig, G., alveolated : a term, in Bo- 
 tany, applied to the receptacles of plants, 
 exhibiting cavities disposed in regular or- 
 der, like the alveoli of the teeth, or cells of 
 the honey-comb ; in which the base of the 
 flower is inserted, and the seed subse- 
 quently contained : as the receptacle of 
 Onorpodum acanthium, cotton-thistle, and 
 various other syngenesious plants. See 
 RECEPTACLE. 
 
 ALVEO-LABIAL, adj. : the name given 
 by Chaussier, to the Buccinator muscle 
 See BUCCINATEUR. 
 
 ALVIN, adj., alvinus, L. (alvus, belly), 
 zum bauche. zu den eingeweiden^ 
 zum darmkanal gehorig, G., alvine, in- 
 testinal: belonging (or relating) to the 
 belly to the bowels the intestinal canal : 
 Ex. Dejections alvines, F.. dejectiones 
 alvince, L., stuhlgange, G. 3 alvine or in- 
 testinal evacuations. 
 
 ALYPON, s. m., &\wxov . a species in 
 Botany, which belongs to the genus 
 Globularia ( Tetrandria, monogyn. ; Globu- 
 larince), G. alypon, three-toothed Globula- 
 ria, or mad-wort ; grows on the rocks bor- 
 dering on the Mediterranean. Its leaves, 
 acrid and disagreeable, operate as a dras- 
 tic purgative : Frutex terribilis, turbith 
 album, L., turbith vegetal, F., and 
 gut-wort, Br., of the older writers. 
 
 ALYSJIE, s. m., inquietude, anxiete, 
 aXutr/u.os (a.\l>u, I am agitated), alysmus, 
 m., anxietas, f. L., unruhe, beanstigung, 
 f. G., restlessness, anxiety. Swediaur has 
 made it a genus of diseases. 
 
 AMADOU, s. m., agaricum, igniarium, 
 n. L., agaric (of surgeons). AMADOU- 
 VIER, s. m., agaric de chtne: the name of 
 the plant, Boletus igniarius, L., fetier- 
 schwamm, eisenschwamm, m. G., from 
 which agaric is prepared. See AGARIC. 
 
 AMAIGRISSEMENT, s. m., macies, ma- 
 ceratio, f. L., abmagerung, abzehrung, 
 f. G., emaciation : wasting of the flesh ; 
 the condition of a person who has lost, or 
 is losing, flesh. 
 
 AMALGAMATION, s. f. (upu, together, 
 <ya.fjt.iu, I unite), amalgamatio, f. I,., 
 verquicken, n. G., amalgamation : a pro- 
 cess, in Metallurgy, which consists in the 
 extraction of gold and silver from their 
 ores by means of mercury. AMALGAME, 
 s. m., amalgama, n. L., amalgam, G. 
 and E. : the combination of mercury with 
 one or more metals. AMALGAMER, v. a., 
 amalganiiren, G., to amalgamate : das 
 quecksilber mit andern metallen vermis- 
 chen, G., mercuriumcum aliis mlscere 
 metallis, L.
 
 AMA 
 
 AMANDE, s. f., vufiv, nucleus, m. 
 L.., kern, m. G., kernel : in common 
 language, a term applied to every fruit 
 contained in the interior of a shell: in 
 Botany, to the part of the seed immedi- 
 ately covered by its proper integument, 
 or epispermis. Sometimes, the kernel is 
 formed of a single body, the embryo, 
 which, at the moment of germination, ex- 
 pands, is developed, and constitutes the 
 young plant ; as in the haricot, Phaseolus 
 vulgaris: or it may consist, as in the 
 Castor-oil-plant, Ricinus communis, of the 
 embryo or essential part, and of an acces- 
 sory body, the endosperm, which does not 
 increase during germination, and is finally 
 absorbed. See ENDOSPERME. Also, the 
 French term for the fruit (apuylta.^, 
 amygdala, fl, amygdalus, m. L., mandel, 
 G.) of the AMANDIER, s. m., Amygdalus 
 communis, L. ( Icosandria, monogyn. ; Ro- 
 sacetB), mandelbaum, m. G., almond tree, 
 a native of the East, but universally cul- 
 tivated in the temperate regions of Eu- 
 rope. There are two principal varieties 
 of the almond : the sweet, amande douce, 
 F., amygdala dulcis, L., suss mandel, 
 G. ; and the bitter, amande amere, amyg- 
 dala amara, bitter mandel. The unplea- 
 sant flavour of the latter results from the 
 presence of hydrocyanic acid. Both vari- 
 etes yield abundantly, on expression, a 
 very fine oil, huile d' amandes, F., ole- 
 um amygdalae, L., mandelol, G., exten- 
 sively employed for pharmaceutical pur- 
 poses. Another common Officinal Prepa- 
 ration of the almond is the Emulsion, 
 Amande', lait d' amande, F., lac mistu- 
 ra emulsio amygdalae, L., mandelmilch, 
 G. In addition to it, the French have 
 divers other emulsions of which this con- 
 stitutes the bulk : See EMULSION : and 
 the Germans, an oily emulsion, oelichte 
 mandelmilch, emulsio amygdalae oleosa, 
 L. ; a Syrup, mandelsyrup, syrupus a- 
 mygdalinus, L. ; a Paste and Bran, man- 
 delseife, mandelkleien, pasta furfur 
 amygdalarum. L. ; and a Concentrated Wa- 
 ter of bitter almonds, concentrirtes bit- 
 termandeln- wasser, aqua amygdalarum 
 amar. concentrata, L. ; of which nydrocy- 
 anic acid obviously forms the active prin- 
 ciple. In common, and even professional 
 language, the tonsil, avriai, va.pi<r0fti/>v, 
 tonsilla, L., is also termed, amygdale, F., 
 amygdala, L,., ohrenmandel, G., almond 
 of the ear. See AMYGDALE. 
 
 AMAKITA, s. m., Oronge, A^av/Vjjj 
 Amanita, f. L. : a genus in Botany (Cryp- 
 togamia, fungi ), comprizing several edible, 
 but, for the most part, poisonous, plants, 
 formerly ranged under Agaricus. See A- 
 GARIC. The genus, a sub-genus in .Lou- 
 dons Encyclopedia, p. 986, contains, ac- 
 cording to French writers, all those spe- 
 
 28 
 
 AMB 
 
 cies of agaric whose stem, or pedicle, is 
 tumid at the base; and which are com- 
 pletely enclosed in a volva previously to 
 their perfect developement. This defini- 
 tion will include, in addition to the A. 
 muscaria and nivalis, of Greville, his Aga- 
 ricus bulbosus, and several other bulbous- 
 stemmed fungi. Greville, on the other 
 hand (Scott. Cryptog. Flora, v. i, pi. 18, 
 54), restricts his genus Amanita to species 
 whose cap is " furnished with a stem and 
 volva (wrapper), and bears on its inferior 
 surface straight sporuliferous lamella 
 (gills). Stem either with a ring-like veil, 
 or naked." See also ORONGE. 
 
 AMARANTHACEES, s. m., Amarantha- 
 ce<B, L., a natural Order, in Botany, 
 comprizing dicotyledonous, apetalous, and 
 generally herbaceous plants. In some 
 countries, the leaves of several species of 
 Amarantus, 'Afiaguvros, Amaranthe, F., 
 Sammetblume, G. Velvet-flower, one 
 of the principal genera, are eaten boiled 
 like spinage. 
 
 AMARINITE, s. f. : the generic name 
 applied to a certain number of the imme- 
 diate principles of vegetables ; composed 
 of carbon united with hydrogen and oxy- 
 gen in the proportions requisite to form 
 water ; they are all solid, crystalline, bit- 
 ter, inodorous, deliquescent, soluble in 
 alcohol, and insoluble in ether. 
 
 AMAUROSE, S, f., afiaup/uiris, (K[/,a.upo;, 
 dark), amaurosis, gutta serena, L., der 
 schwarze staar, amaurose, f. G., amau- 
 rosis: paralysis of the retina, characterized 
 by loss of sight, the eye retaining its 
 transparency ; and ordinarily by dilata- 
 tion and immobility of the pupil. The 
 causes of the disease are various : its cure, 
 like that of all the other Neuroses, is dif- 
 ficult, frequently impracticable. 
 
 AMBIDEXTRE, adj., ambidexter, L.., 
 (ambo, both, dexter, right), a.f*<pi%i%ios, 
 egalement adroit des deux mains, F., 
 mit beiden handen gleich geschickt, G., 
 equally expert with both hands, ambi- 
 dexterous: a qualification very requisite 
 for a surgeon to possess. 
 
 AMBLOME, s. i., AJIBLOSE, s. m., &[*,- 
 x&yta, ei^S^.aa'is, abortus,m. L., eine un- 
 zeitige geburt, fehlgeburt, f. G., an un- 
 timely birth, abortion. ASIBLOTIQUE, 
 s. m. and adj., arnbloticus, L.., that 
 which provokes abortion : Ex. Medica- 
 mens amblotiques, F., remedia abortiva, 
 amblotica, L., -frucht-treibende mittel, G., 
 medicines which cause abortion. 
 
 AMBLYHAPHIE. See ANHAPHIE. 
 
 AMBLYOPIE, s. , apZ^vwria, (up.Gl.us, 
 obscure, *ty, eye), amblyopia, f. L., 
 die stumpfsichtigkeit, das stumpfe oder 
 schwache gesicht, G., obscure or weak 
 vision : a term applied by modern writers, 
 to the first stage of amaurosis, ordinarily
 
 AMB 
 
 characterized by dilatation of the pupil, 
 and invariably accompanied by the inabi- 
 lity to discern minute or dark objects. 
 
 AMBRE, s. m., blanc,jaune. SeeSucciN. 
 noir. See JAYET. Ambre gris, s. m., 
 eipSget, ? ambra grisea, L., ambra, G., 
 ambergris: a substance specifically light- 
 er than water ; opaque, ash-coloured, or- 
 dinarily speckled with black and white 
 points, soft, tenacious, flexible, insipid, 
 fragrant, fusible and volatilizable by heat; 
 insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, 
 ether, and the oils; and forming with the 
 caustic alkalis, a kind of soap. Amber- 
 gris is found, sometimes in very large 
 masses, floating in the ocean, and is be- 
 lieved to be a morbid concretion from the 
 intestines of the Physeter macrocephalus, a 
 spermaceti whale. It was formerly used 
 in Medicine as a stimulant and aphrodisi- 
 ac; but its employment is now restricted 
 to that of a perfume. Dr. Ure examined 
 a concretion from the intestines of the hu- 
 man female, which very closely resembled 
 common ambergris ; and has no doubt that 
 cholesterine from altered bile is the true 
 origin of ambergris in the whale, as well 
 as of this morbid (human) concretion. 
 See Ure, Dictionary of Chemistry, Art. AM- 
 BERGRIS, and INTESTINAL CONCRETION. 
 
 AMBRE, adj., relating to amber. Exs. 
 Couleur, odeur ambree, F., colour and 
 smell of amber. See SUCCIN. 
 
 AMBBEATE, s. m., ambreas, m. L., 
 ambreate : a salt formed by the combina- 
 tion of ambreic acid with a salifiable base. 
 This acid, Acide AMBREIQUE, F., aci- 
 dum ambreicum, L.,^4s solid, yellowish, 
 and less fusible than ambreine from which 
 it is obtained by treatment with nitric 
 acid. 
 
 AMBREIUE, s. f.,. ambreina, f. L.., 
 amberstoff, m. G. : a fatty substance, sub- 
 limeable and decomposeable by fire ; which 
 constitutes the greater part of Ambergris, 
 and appears to form only a variety of Cho- 
 lesterine, as the ambreic is supposed to dif- 
 fer but little from the cholesteric acid. 
 
 AMBRETTE, s. f. : in Botany, the name 
 of a plant, Hibiscus abelmoschus, L,., ( Mo- 
 nadelphia, polyandr. ; Malvaceae), bisam- 
 blume, f. G., musk Hibiscus, which fur- 
 nishes the seeds called Abelmosch. With 
 these seeds, a powder, named poudre de 
 Chypre, and employed as a perfume, is 
 prepared in the East. They are said also 
 to be mixed, in Egypt, with the coffee- 
 berry, in order to impart to the beverage 
 which it supplies, their peculiar odour. 
 See ABELMOSCH. 
 
 AMBULANCE, s. f. (ambulare, to move 
 about) : the combination of everything 
 requisite, in men and materiel, for the 
 constitution of moveable hospitals, which 
 are destined to follow the army, to take 
 29 
 
 AMI 
 
 up the wounded; and afford facilities for 
 dressing them, performing the more ur- 
 gent operations, on the field of battle, and 
 conveying the patients to hospitals in the 
 rear. An Ambulance is composed of a sur- 
 geon, several assistants, sub-assistants, 
 and other persons attached to the hospital- 
 service ; of chests containing materials 
 for dressing, surgical instruments, and 
 drugs ; and of a carriage for the convey- 
 ance of the wounded, The honour of the 
 first institution of the Ambulance is claim- 
 ed by Baron Larrey. See his Memoires 
 'de Chirurgie Militaire. AMBULANT, adj., 
 ambulans, L., umherziehend, G., 
 moving about : Exs. Hopital ambulant, a 
 moving hospital; Erysipele ambulant, E. 
 erraticum, erratic Erysipelas, of Willan 
 and Bateman. 
 
 AMENIE, s. f. (a priv., pw, month), 
 amenia, f. I* : the condition of a woman 
 who has never menstruated, or has ceased to 
 menstruate. 
 
 AMENOMANIE, s. f. (amcenus, cheerful, 
 ftavia, madness), amenomania, f. L. : a 
 barbarous compound of the Latin and 
 Greek, employed to designate the variety 
 of madness attended with an extraordinary 
 flow of spirits, pleasurable monomania. 
 
 AMENORRHEE, s. f. (a priv., ^jy, month, 
 pia, I flow), amenorrhcea, f. I.,., amenor- 
 rhoe, f., verslopfunff des monallichen weib- 
 \\c\\enflusses, G., obstruction of the men- 
 strual evacuation in woman. 
 
 AMENTACE, adj., amentaceus, L. (a- 
 menlum, a catkin), kiitzchenahnlich, katz- 
 chentragend, G., amentaceous : a term, 
 in Botany, applied to the flowers which 
 are disposed in catkins, as those of the 
 alder, birch, chestnut, elm, oak, poplar, 
 and willow. See CHATON. All the 
 plants with flowers thus disposed, were 
 arranged by Jussieu, in one Natural Or- 
 der termed Amentacece. Succeeding bota- 
 nists have very properly divided the fami- 
 ly into several ; as the Belulaceae, Cupuli- 
 ferce, Juglandeee, Salicinece, Ulmacetz, and 
 others. 
 
 AMERTUME, s. , rix^ta, amaritudo, 
 f. L., bitterkeit, f. G., bitterness. A- 
 MER, s. m. and adj., -nx,^;, KIXPOV ama- 
 rus, amarum, L., bitter, G. and E. Sel 
 amer, F., sal amarum, L., ein bitteres 
 salz, G., a bitter salt. 
 
 AMETHODIQ.UE, adj. ( priv., fiiHoSo;, 
 method), amethodicus, L., unmetho- 
 disch, G., unmethodical, without me- 
 thod. 
 
 AMETRIE, s. f. ( priv., ft'crew, mea- 
 sure), ametria, f. L., irregularity. 
 
 AMIANTACE, adj., amiantaceus, L. : 
 a term applied to a species of Tinea which 
 surrounds the base of the hairs with a 
 pellicle resembling Amianthus, a variety 
 of Asbestos.
 
 AMM 
 
 AMIDINE, s. f., amydine: a yellowish- 
 white, friable substance, in irregular frag- 
 ments, semi-transparent, inodorous, taste- 
 less ; soluble in warm water, insoluble in 
 alcohol ; obtained by leaving the paste of 
 starch to itself, with or without heat. 
 
 AMIDON, AMIDONITE, s. m., 0.^11X01, 
 afivXioM, amylum, n. L., starke, t. G., 
 starch : a well-known substance, white, 
 tasteless, combustible ; soluble in warm 
 water, insoluble in cold water, alcohol, 
 and ether ; convertible, by the action of 
 sulphuric acid, into sugar. It is an imme- 
 diate principle of vegetables, widely dif- 
 fused throughout nature; forming the 
 basis of several alimentary substances de- 
 rived from the vegetable kingdom ; essen- 
 tially nutritive, and emollient when large- 
 ly diluted. 
 
 AMMI, s. m. : a genus in Botany, Amml 
 ( Pentandria, digyn. ; UmbellifercB ), Am- 
 
 mey, G Bishops -Weed ; comprizing a 
 
 few European species ; one of which, A. 
 majus, furnishes aromatic seeds, formerly 
 employed as stimulant and carminative. 
 
 AMMOCHOSIE, s. f. (ap/un;, sand, %v<ri;, 
 collection), ammochosia, L., sandbad, 
 n. G., sand-bath. See BAIN. 
 
 AMMODYTE (terrestre), in Zoology, an 
 Ophidian Reptile, Coluber Ammodytes, 
 Linnaeus, Vipera Amm., Lace'pede, Vi- 
 pere a museau cornu, F., 'Aftfit^vrtis, 
 xiyxgias, Ammodytes, Cenchrias, L., 
 ammodyteschlange, sandnatter, f. G. : ve- 
 nomous. It inhabits Illyria, the eastern 
 countries, and south Europe. Length from 
 eighteen inches to two feet. Nose termi- 
 nated by an erect wart (rostro verruca 
 erecta terminato) : Poison-fangs resem- 
 bling, in aspect and structure, those of 
 the common adder : Abdominal plates, 
 142; double subcaudal scales, 32. The 
 epithet, terrestre, is employed to distin- 
 guish it from the AMMODYTE (marine), 
 Anguille de sable, F., Ammodytes tobianus, 
 L., Sandaal, sandfisch, tobiasfisch, G., 
 sand-eel, sand-fish, sand-launce, a fish con- 
 stituting the only species of its genus in 
 the Sub-class OSSEOUS, and Order Apodal, 
 Linn.: of very splendid colours; burying 
 itself in the sand on the recess of the tide: 
 edible. See Gmelin, Allg. Geschichte der 
 thierschen Gifte, p. 62 ; Cloquet, Faune 
 des Medecins, v. i, p. 346 351. 
 
 AMMONIAC, ad.j, ammoniacus, L., 
 ammoniac : an epithet formerly applied to 
 a salt now called Hydrochlorate (Muriate) 
 of Ammonia. AMMONIACAL, adj., ammo- 
 niacalis, L., ammoniacal : that which re- 
 lates to, contains, or exhales the odour of, 
 Ammonia: Ex. Sel, savon ammoniacal; 
 vapeur ammoniacale, F., ammoniacal salt, 
 soap ; vapour. Ammoniace', adj am- 
 moniacus, I..., containing Ammonia. 
 
 AMMONIACO-MAGNESIEN, adj,, ammo- 
 
 30 
 
 AMN 
 
 n iaco-magnesicu s, L., ammon iaco-magne- 
 sian : a term applied to salts containing 
 ammonia and magnesia. 
 
 AMMONIA&UE (gomme), Ammoniacum 
 gummi, L Ammoniak, G. gum Ammo- 
 niacum : a gum-resin, said to be obtained, 
 by incision, from the Heracleum gummife- 
 rum, of Willdenow (Pentandria, digyn. ; 
 Umbelliferce). Some French writers de- 
 scribe it as the product of an umbellife- 
 rous plant, Bubon gummiferum : while, by 
 the authors of the Pharmacopeea Gallica, 
 page Ixxi, it is noted as " Gummi Kesina 
 originis incertse, forsan ex umbellifera." 
 Internally employed, gum Ammoniacum 
 operates as an expectorant, antispasmodic, 
 and, in large doses, purgative ; externally, 
 as a discutient and resolvent. It con- 
 stitutes the principal ingredient of several 
 Officinal Preparations of the Germans : as 
 the Ammoniaktinctur, Tinctura Gummi 
 Ammoniaci ; Ammoniaksyrup, Ammoni- 
 aczuckersaft, Syrupus Ammoniaci ; Am- 
 moniakpillen, Pilulce ex Ammoniaco ; Am- 
 moniakmilch, Lac ammoniacale ; Ammoni- 
 akseife, Sapo gummi Ammoniaci ; and Am- 
 moniakpflaster, Emplastrum de Ammoniaco. 
 It enters also into the composition of the 
 Emplastrum de gummi-resinis, and Empl. 
 de Hydrargyro compositum, of the Paris 
 Pharmacopeea. 
 
 AMMONIAQ.UE, s. f., Ammoniaca, f. L., 
 Ammonium, G., Ammonia ; an alkaline 
 gas, colourless, transparent, elastic, of pe- 
 netrating odour, and acrid and urinous 
 taste : composed of three parts hydrogen, 
 and one nitrogen : conjectured to possess, 
 like potass and soda, a metallic base, Am- 
 monium : very soluble in water. Ammo- 
 nia, in various forms and combinations, is 
 extensively emploved in medicine ; and o- 
 perates as a powerful diffusible stimulant: 
 poisonous, when administered internally 
 in a pure state ; externally, escharotic. 
 
 AMMONIATE, s. m., Ammonias, m. L., 
 Ammoniate: a name given, by Klaproth, 
 to the compounds of Ammonia with a me- 
 tallic oxyd: synonymous with AJIMONI- 
 
 URE. 
 
 AMMONIUM, s. m., Ammonium, L. and 
 E. : the name given to the supposed me- 
 tallic base of Ammonia. See AMMONI- 
 AQUE. 
 
 AMMONIURE, s. f., Ammoniuretum, n. 
 L., Ammoniuret. See AMMONIATE. 
 
 AMNESIE, s. f. ( priv., /*v5j<r/?, memory), 
 amnesia, oblivio, f. L., der verlust des 
 gedachtnisses, G., loss of memory. 
 
 AMNIOS, s. , a/wv/av, amnion, L. and 
 E., schaafhaut, m. G. : a serous mem- 
 brane, delicate, almost transparent ; of 
 ovoid figure, containing the foetus in utero 
 and Liquor Amnii : also, in Botany, the 
 innermost membrane (der keimsack, G.) 
 of a seed.
 
 AMP 
 
 AMKIOTIQTJE, AMNKUJE, adj., amni- 
 oticus, amnicus, L,., amniotic, amnic: 
 the names applied to a white, inodorous 
 acid, assuming the aspect of shining nee- 
 dle-shaped crystals, of a slightly acidulous 
 flavour, scarcely soluble in cold water, 
 but dissolving readily in boiling water 
 and alcohol ; which exists in the fluid of 
 the allantois of the cow. AMNIOTATE, s. 
 m., Amniotas, m. I,., Amniotate : the 
 salt formed by the combination of amnio- 
 tic acid with a salifiable base. 
 
 AMOME, s m. : a genus in Botany, A- 
 momum, n. L. ( Monandria, monogyn. , Sci- 
 taminea, Amomece), Amomum, n., Kar- 
 damomen, f. G., Cardamoms ; containing 
 several medicinal plants, as A. cardamo- 
 mum, granum parodist, and xingiber. 
 See CARDAMOMUM, GRAINES DE PARA- 
 DIS, and GINGEMBRE. AMOMEES, s. f., 
 Amomeee, L. : a natural Order of plants 
 more commonly designated by the name 
 of Cannes, F., Cannea, L. 
 
 AMORPHIE, s. f., apo^ta, (a, priv.,^aj(p, 
 form), amorphia, deformitas,f. L., miss- 
 gestaltung, missbildung, f. G., deformity, 
 malformation. AMORPHE, adj., diffbrme, 
 informe, a/^a^ifios, amorphus, L amor- 
 phisch, missgestaltet, missgebildet, G., 
 mis-shapen, without form. 
 
 AMOURETTES, s. f. : a popular name 
 for the ovaries of the domestic Mammife- 
 ra. 
 
 AMPHEMERINE, AMPHIMERIXE, adj., 
 a.p$r,/j.ipos, <zft,Qvft.ipivo;, amphemerinus, 
 nuotidianus, L., taglich, alltiigig, G., 
 daily, quotidian, returning every day 
 Ex. Hupiro; a./x(f>vt/Apm>;, febris quotidiana, 
 L., alllagige fieber, G., a fever which re- 
 turns every day, fievre qui revient chaque 
 jour, F., a quotidian intermittent. 
 
 AMPHIARTHHOSE, s. f., /zft<pia.p0pu/ri;, ? 
 amphiarthrosis, L., and E., amphiar- 
 throse, f. G. ; a kind of articulation, parta- 
 king of the characters of Diarthrosis and 
 Synarthrosis, and allowing only an obscure 
 and scarcely perceptible motion between 
 the surfaces of the bones which compose 
 it. Of this description, is the mixed or 
 half-moveable articulation, das gemisch- 
 te oder halbbewegliche gelenk, halbge- 
 lenk, G., which exists between the bones 
 of the metacarpus, metatarsus, and those 
 the vertebrae of the spinal column. 
 
 AMPHIBIE, s., aptp'ifiiov (d/x.<pi, both, 
 /3/j, life), amphibion, amphibium, n. L., 
 amphibie, f., amphibium, n., ein thier, 
 das sowohl auf dem lande als in wasser leben 
 kann, G., animal seque in terris ac in 
 aquis vivens, L., an amphibious animal, i 
 one that lives equally well upon land and 
 in water. The Amphibia, Amphibies, 
 Amphibiens, F., including the Reptiles 
 and Serpents, constitute the 3rd Class of 
 Vertebrated Animals in the system of 
 
 31 
 
 AMP 
 
 Linnaeus, and the 4th, an uniting link 
 between the Reptiles and Fishes, of the 
 Osteozoaires Vertebrata of 1? lain v ille. 
 It comprehends only the Batracian, or 
 Frog tribe, in his arrangement : while the 
 Chclonian, Saurian, Ophidian, tortoises, 
 lizards, and serpents, remain in the 
 Class, Reptiles. See BATRACIEN. AM- 
 PHIBIE, adj., Amphibius, L., beydlebig, 
 G., amphibious : possessing the charac- 
 teristic properties of an amphibium, the 
 power of living in air and water ; belong- 
 ing, or relating to, the Amphibia. 
 
 AMPHIBLESTROIDE, s., and adj. (a.p.Qi- 
 &Xv<r<rpav, a fishing-net, sTJoj, resemblance), 
 . amphiblestro'ides, retiformis, L., netz- 
 formig, netzartig, G., retiform, net-like: 
 a term applied to the retina amphible- 
 stro'ides (tunica) oculi, L., die netzhaut 
 im auge, G., the retiform membrane of 
 the eye, from the mesh-like disposition of 
 its numerous vessels. 
 
 AJIPHISMELE, AMPHISMILE, s. f., 
 (afjitf}, on both sides, fffti*.*, scalpel), am- 
 phismela, amphismile, f., cultellus anceps 
 anatomicus, utrinque acie prseditus, 1.,., 
 zweyschneidiges incisionsmesser, G., cou- 
 teau tranchant de deux cotes, F., a dissect- 
 ing knife with two cutting edges. 
 
 AMPHISTOME, s. m. (^<p/, and <r7^, 
 mouth) : a name given by Rudolphi, to a 
 genus of intestinal Worms ; the different 
 species of which principally infest quadru- 
 peds and birds : the Strigea (Strigee, F.), 
 of other Naturalists. See Cuvier, Regne 
 Anim., v. iii, p. 263. 
 
 AMPLEXICAULE, adj., amplexicaulis, 
 L.. (amplector, I embrace, caulis, stem), 
 stengelumfassend, G., stem-clasping : a 
 term, in Botany, applied to all those parts 
 of a plant which are attached circularly 
 round the stem so as completely to embrace 
 it : especially the leaves, as those den 
 Stengel umfassenden blatter, G of Papa- 
 ver somniferum : and to designate some 
 species of plants with leaves similarly at- 
 tached, as Lamium amplexicaule, Henbit 
 Deadnettle. The stipulse of the Magno- 
 lia and Fid are also, from this circum- 
 stance, termed amplexicaules. 
 
 AMPOULE, s. f., ampulla, f. L. (literal- 
 ly a bubble, bottle, or bladder), blase auf 
 der haut, G. : a tumour formed by effu- 
 sion of serum between the epidermis and 
 rete mucosum of the integuments of the 
 hands and feet, in consequence of friction 
 or pressure. Appearing in other parts of 
 the body, the swelling assumes the name, 
 in French, of Bulle, Cloche, or Phlyctene. 
 See these Articles. 
 
 AMPUTATION, s. f., Amputatio, f. L. 
 (amputare, to cut, or lop, off), Abschnei- 
 dung, Ablosung, f. G., Amputation : the 
 operation of removing by a cutting instru- 
 ment, from the body any projecting soft
 
 ANA 
 
 part, or the whole, or portion, of a limb. 
 In the first case, it is more correctly term- 
 ed excision, extirpation, resection. Am- 
 putation may take place at any point be- 
 tween the two extremities dans la con- 
 tinuite', F., in the continuity of a limb 
 or member ; or at the articulation, dans 1' 
 article, .-dans la contiguite des membres. 
 It may be circular, circulaire, as when 
 the integuments and muscles are circular- 
 ly divided : or performed so as to consti- 
 tute the flap operation, amputation a lam- 
 beaux, F., ablb'sung mit den fleischlap- 
 pen, G. AMPUTAR, v. a., amputare, L.., 
 abschneiden, abnehmen, ablosen, G. 
 Membrum (aut aliam corporis partem de 
 corpore) resecare, L., ablosen ein glied, G., 
 to amputate a limb. 
 
 AMYELIE, s. f. (a. priv., pvs*.oi, mar- 
 row), amyelia, f. L., deficiency, partial 
 or total, of the spinal marrow. 
 
 AMYGDALE, s. f., sraa/o-fyt/ov, tonsilla, 
 f. L., mandel, halsmanael, ohrenmandel, 
 m. G-., tonsil, almond of the throat, of 
 the ear : a name applied, in Anatomy, to 
 two reddish, oval bodies, situated between 
 the pillars of the fauces, formed by a col- 
 lection of follicles, and secreting abun- 
 dantly a mucous fluid. See AMANDE. 
 The term, Amygdale, is also given to a 
 round protuberance existing on the infe- 
 rior surface of the cerebellum. AMYGDA- 
 JLITE, s. f., amygdalitis, f. L., die ent- 
 zundung des mandels, G., inflammation 
 of the tonsil. See ANTIADITE. 
 
 AMYGDALIN, adj., amygdalinus, L., 
 mandelartig, G., a term applied to any 
 substance consisting principally of, or con- 
 taining, almond: Ex. Savon amygdalin, F. 
 sapo amygdalinus, L,., mandelseife, G., 
 almond soap ; iXatov ufAwy$a.>.tvov, oleum a- 
 mygdalinum, L., almond-oil. 
 
 AMYLACE, adj., amylaceus (amylum, 
 starch), apv^o;, amylaceous : of the na- 
 ture of, or relating to, starch. 
 
 AMYXIE, s. f. (a, priv., fiv%a, mucus), 
 amyxia, f. L., schleimmangel, m., der 
 mangel normalen schleims, G., deficiency 
 of the natural mucus. 
 
 ANABOLE, s. f., voXj (v, upwards, 
 /SaXXa, I throw), sursum evacuatio, ma- 
 teriae rejectio per superiora, L., ausiverfen 
 nach oben (besonders durch erbrechen), G., 
 evacuation upwards f particularly by vomit- 
 ing). Of like signification, are ANAGOGE, 
 
 S. f.j avayayj) (v, and a-yia, I Conduct) ; 
 
 and ANAPHORE, s. f., -civaipopa (v, and 
 <pip&>, I convey). 
 
 AVAHROCHISME, S. m., uvapo%iffft,o; 
 
 (ava, across, fipa%es, a noose), anabrochis- 
 mus, m., modus extrahendi pilos palpe- 
 brarum inverses, qui oculum irritant, 
 L. : an operation which consists in seizing, 
 with a running noose formed by a hair, the 
 inverted eye-lashes which irritate the 
 
 32 
 
 ANA 
 
 eye, in Trichiasis ; das ausreissen der au- 
 genliederhaare mittelst einer passenden 
 schlinge, G., snatching out of the eye- 
 lashes by means of a loop or noose. 
 
 ANABROSE, S. f., v/3^2w-/s (ava$patrx.a, 
 I corrode), anabiosis, erosio, f., partis 
 alicujus in corpore, ab humoribus acribus, 
 erosio, L,., zerfressen, n. G., corrosion, 
 erosion. 
 
 ANACARDE, s. m., Malacca Bean : the 
 fruit of the Anacardier, m. F., Anacardi- 
 um orientale, of Linnaeus, Avicennia to- 
 mentosa, of succeeding Botanists. The 
 fruit contains a white edible kernel : the 
 pericarp, an acrid juice employed in the 
 manufacture of ink and in the marking of 
 linen. See ACAJOU. 
 
 AXACATHARSE, S. f, avaxutfapiris, (ava- 
 
 xccfaipiiY, to purge upwards), anacatharsis, 
 f., purgatio, seu evacuatio, per superiora, 
 L., das reinigen nach oben, G., purga- 
 tion, or evacuation, upwards : das aus- 
 leeren von unreinigkeiten durch husten 
 oder erbrechen, evacuation of impurities 
 by cough or vomiting. ANACATHARTI- 
 QUE, s. m. and adj., anacatharticus, L., 
 
 Aliacathartica., Qapftaxa. tzvaxatlaprixu, 
 
 remedes anacathartiques, F., nach oben 
 ausleerende mittel, G. sunt medicamenta 
 quse per superiora purgant, L., anacathar- 
 tics are remedies or medicines which eva- 
 cuate upwards durch erbrechen oder 
 durch lungenauswuri) by vomiting or 
 by expectoration. 
 
 ANACHREMPSIE, s. f., crachement, v- 
 ZZiff^'is, anachrempsis, exspuitio, f. L., 
 ausrauspern, n. G., spitting. ANA- 
 CHREMPTIQUE, adj., anachrempticus,L., 
 ausrauspern bewirkend, oder damit ver- 
 bunden, G., that which causes spitting, 
 or is connected with it. 
 
 ANACONCHYLISME, s. m., avKx/>y%v^i<r- 
 P.OS, anaconchylismus, gargarismus, m. 
 L., gurgeln, n., das aiisspuhlen des ra- 
 chens, G., gargling, washing clearing 
 of the throat. Den rachen durch gur- 
 geln reinigen, to clear the throat by garg- 
 ling. 
 
 ANADROME, s. f., ava^a^tj (va, up- 
 wards, Sj (fi&>, I run), anadrome, reflnxus 
 humorum, vel etiam materise arthriticse, 
 ad superiora, L. : ein hastiges aufsteigen 
 des bluts zum kopfe ; das uebergehen einer 
 rose von den untern theilen auf das 
 gesicht ; oder der gichtbeschwerden iiber 
 den kopf, G., a suaden ascent (determina- 
 tion) of blood to the head; the transit 
 (metastasis) of an erysipelas from the low- 
 er parts (of the body) to the face ; or of 
 gout-affections to the head. 
 
 AN^EMIE. See Anemie. 
 
 AXJESTHESIE. ANAISTHESIE. See 
 ANESTHESIE. 
 
 ANAGRAPHE, s. m., vyfapj (ava^- 
 <p&>, I write out), formule, recette, F.,
 
 medicamentorum praescriptio, L., recept, 
 n. G., fo r mula, medical prescription. 
 
 ANAGYRK, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Anayyris, L. and G. (Decandria, monogyn. ; 
 Lcguminosa) ; the leaves of one species of 
 which, A. fastido,, bois puant, F., stink- 
 baum, m., das stinkende Anagyris, G., 
 stinking bean-trefoil, a shrub, growing in 
 South Europe, are bitter and purgative. 
 
 ANAL. See ANUS. 
 
 ANALEFSIE,S. , nt\v$is(*vx).<*fitivv, 
 I restore), analepsis, renutritio, f. L., 
 wiederzunehmen, n., besserung, gene- 
 sung, erholung, f. : die wiederherstel- 
 lung eines durch krankheit abgezehrten 
 korpers^ G., recovery : the restoration of 
 a body wasted by disease. Also, the sup- 
 port of a fractured limb by means of a 
 suitable apparatus. 
 
 ANALEPTIQUE, s. m., and adj. (same), 
 analepticus, recuperator ius, I*, star- 
 kend, herzstarkend, nervenstarkend, G., 
 analeptic, restorative. Analeptica ($.- 
 P.O.X.O. awaXwrixa, die schnell st'drkende 
 mittel, erquickungsmittel, G., Analeptics) 
 sunt medicamenta quae vires resocillant, 
 L. Those articles of diet are also termed 
 analeptic (alimens analeptiques, F.) which 
 accelerate the progress of convalescence by 
 furnishing materials to nutrition, and ex- 
 citing the action of the organs of digestion. 
 
 ANALGKSIE, s. f. ivaXyxir/a (* priv., 
 Ays, pain), analgesia, f. L.., schmerz- 
 losigkeit, f. G., absence of pain. 
 
 ANALOGIC, s. f., avxy/, analogia, 
 f. L., analogic, ubereinstimmung, f., die 
 ahnlichkeit bestimmter verhaltnisse ver- 
 schiedener dinge, G., analogy, accord- 
 ance: the resemblance, -in certain relations, 
 of things or objects differing from each 
 other. ANALOGIQBE, adj., aaXyf, 
 analogicus, L., analog, analogisch, ver- 
 haltnissmassig, G., analogical. ANALO- 
 GISME, s. m., Kta^oyta-pos, analogismus, 
 L. and G., analogism : the method of 
 proceeding by Analogy. 
 
 ANALOSE, S. f., ia./.u<rts (avaXiWa, I 
 
 consume), tabes, consumptio, L., 
 auszehrung, f. G., consumption, decline. 
 
 ANALYSE, S. , avaXtw; (avaXt/nv, to 
 
 resolve), analysis, L., analyse, zerle- 
 gung, f. G., Analysis, in Medicine, is the 
 successive and comparative examination 
 of all the phenomena of structure and 
 function or the animal organs in the 
 healthy and diseased states : in Chemis- 
 try, the separation of the simple sub- 
 stances, or supposed simple substances, 
 which constitute a compound body. A- 
 NALYTIUVE, adj., analvticus, L., a- 
 nalytisch, zergliedernd, G., analytical : 
 that which relates to Analysis. 
 
 ANAMNESIS, s. , ayttftmffit (ava^i/on- 
 ex, I recal to memory), anamnesis, re- 
 cordatio, reminiscent ia. f. L., anamnese, 
 38 
 
 ANA 
 
 riickerinnerung, f. : die berikksichtigunsf 
 vorhergegangener umstande, G., recall- 
 ing, reminiscence, recollection of past cir- 
 cumstances, return of memory. ANAMNES- 
 TIQUE, adj., ataftvnarrixos, anamnesticus, 
 Ij., zur riickerinnerung gehdrig, G., a- 
 namnestick : that which recals, or causes 
 to recollect, or which strengthens the me- 
 mory : Exs. Signe anamncstique, F., an a- 
 namnestic or mnemonic sign ; Medicamina 
 anamnestica*, L., tpeigftaxx avaf&*na'nxot t 
 die yedachtniss-starkende mittel, G., me- 
 dicines which invigorate the memory. A~ 
 namnestics (die Anamnestik, G.) are the 
 learning of the former circumstances of a 
 sick person, as far as they are important 
 for the knowledge of his present condition, 
 die lehre von den friihtrn umstanden 
 eines kranken, insofern solche fiir die 
 beurtheilung des gegenwartigen zustan- 
 des von wichtsigkeit sind. G. 
 
 ANANDRIE, s. f., avavSj/a ( priv., vj;, 
 a man), anandria, f. L., unmannlichkeit, 
 , das mannliche unvermb'gen, G., impo- 
 tence in the male. ANANDRE, s. m., and 
 adj., avavSfof , anandrus, parum virilis, 
 ein castrat, castrirt, an eunuch, a castrat- 
 ed male ; impotent, suffering from sexual 
 inability. ANANDRIARE, adj.: a term, in 
 Botan}% applied, by Decandolle, to flowers 
 composeil wholly of integuments and nu- 
 merous pistils, without stamens. 
 
 ANAPHKODISIE, S. f.,ava<pe$4<r!a. (e 
 
 priv., 'A^faS/T, the Grecian name of Ve- 
 nus), anaphrodisia, , ineptitudo ad con- 
 gressus venereos, L., -der mangel an reiz 
 und empfanglichkeit fiir die geschlechts- 
 lust, G., absence of the venereal appetite, 
 want of inclination for sexual pleasures. 
 ANAPHRODISIAQUE, adj., anaphrodisia- 
 cus, L., anaphrodisiac : Ex. Remedes o- 
 naphrodisiaques, F., remedia anaphrodisi- 
 aca, L., mittel zur milderung oder vertil- 
 gung des zeugungstriebes, G., remedies for 
 mitigation or extinction of the sexual passion. 
 
 ANAPHRODITE, s. m., and adj. (same), 
 ava<pS/Tf, anaphrodites, L., ^ohne 
 zeugungstrieb, G., anaphrodite : qui n'e- 
 prouve pas de desirs voluplueux, F. 
 
 ANAPLEROSE, s. , a.va.-r\Y>^wffi(, (- 
 virX(f9, I fill up), repletio,f.L., anfiil- 
 lung, ausfiillung, f. G.. repletion, filling 
 up : in Surgery, the supply of deficient 
 or the restitution of lost parts of the body 
 (see PHOTHESE) ; filling up of a wound 
 accompanied by loss of substance. ANAP- 
 LEHOTIQUE, adj., avafrXjjjsT/xoj, anaple- 
 roticus, L. Anaplerotica, die ausful- 
 lende mittel, G., sunt medicamenta vul- 
 nera carne implentia ; et deficientia in cor- 
 pore, quantum possibile, restituentia. 
 
 AXARRHEE, 8. f. ) a<><i(feia. (ava, Up- 
 wards, piu, I flow), anarrhoea, f. L., 
 hinaufHiessen, n., das aufsteigen der sane 
 zu den obern theilen ; die congestion des 
 
 D
 
 ANA 
 
 bluts zum kopfe, G., afflux of the humours 
 
 'to the upper parts; congestion of blood to 
 
 the head. Of like signification is ANAR- 
 
 HHOPIE, S. , ivafpovria, (ava;, and pitfu, 
 
 I tend), anarrhopia sanguinis, L. ANAR- 
 RHOPIQUE, adj., anarrhopicus, L., an 
 congestion des bluts zum kopfe leidend, G. 
 
 ANASARQ.UE, S. , av-axa (ava, 
 
 throughout, <ra.$, the flesh), hydropisie 
 gdne'rale du tissu cellulaire, F., anasarca, 
 f. L., anasarka, n., hautwassersucht, : die 
 ansammlung von wasser im zellgewebe, 
 
 G., anasarca: collection of water in the 
 
 cellular membrane, general dropsy. A- 
 nasarca may be either a primitive or se- 
 condary affection. It is ordinarily the 
 latter ; and then most commonly results 
 from a morbid condition of an important 
 internal organ, as the heart, lungs, or li- 
 ver, or some profound affection of the 
 brain or nervous system. Organic dis- 
 eases of the heart, probably, constitute its 
 most frequent source. It is then incura- 
 ble. By writers in general, it is distin- 
 guished into active and passive (sthenique 
 et asthenique, F.), as dependent upon ex- 
 cess or defect of vital action. The fluid, 
 poured out in Anasarca, contains albumen, 
 mucus, the muriates of soda and potass, 
 sulphate of soda, the phosphates of lime, 
 iron, and magnesia. Partial effusion of 
 serum into the cellular membrane is term- 
 ed (Edema. See (EDEME. 
 
 ANASTOMOSE, S. , a.va,<rTo^uiris (av, 
 through, f\<>pa., mouth), anastomosis, inos- 
 culatio, f. L., zusammenmiindung, verei- 
 nigung, f. G., anastomosis, inosculation, 
 union: Ex. An ou inosculation des vais- 
 seaux, F., inosculatio vasorum, L., ein- 
 mundung der gefasse, G., inosculation of 
 vessels : the communication between two 
 vessels emanating from different trunks, 
 or, at least, not proceeding from the same 
 branch. See ABOUCHEMENT. ANASTO- 
 
 MOTIQUE, adj., iyttffTaftariKOS, anasto- 
 
 moticus, anastomotic : Ex. Branche a- 
 nastomotique, F., ramus anastomoticus, L., 
 an inosculating branch. Applied to re- 
 medies, medicamens anastomotiques, F. 
 (<fcipft.axec ivttffrofLariita., of the Greek re- 
 media anastomotica deobstruentia, of La- 
 tin writers), which were supposed to o- 
 
 perate by dilating the orifices of obstructed 
 vessels, the term is now obsolete. 
 
 AlTASTROPHIE, S. f.,a,vit<r<rgo<p)i (iva.- 
 
 ffrpQu, I invert), anastrophe, inversio, f. 
 L., umkehrung, G., inversion, extra- 
 version of any part or organ : Exs. de 
 1' utdrus, de la vessie urinaire, F in- 
 versio uteri, vesicae urinarise, L,., die 
 umkehrung des uterus, der harnblasc, 
 G., inversion of the womb, of the uri- 
 nary bladder. This term should, probably, 
 be written, ANATROPIE, avTfir, ever- 
 sio, L., (yr{i-*, I evert). 
 34 
 
 ANA 
 
 ANATOMIE, S. fi, uvanftri, umrspia (a- 
 
 rtfitu, I dissect), ranatome, anatomia, dis- 
 sectio, f. L., die anatomic, zergliederung, 
 zergliederungskunst, , G., anatomy, 
 dissection, the art of dissecting organized 
 bodies, in order to ascertain the number, 
 figure, site, relations, connections, and 
 structure of the various parts and organs 
 which enter into their composition, and 
 into which they may be reduced by me- 
 chanical analysis (durch mechanische zer- 
 legung, G.). 
 
 Anatomy may be divided into two great 
 branches : human, L 1 Anatomic de T homme, 
 du corps humain, F., Anatomia corporis 
 humani, L.., die Anatomic des menschen, 
 des menschlichen korpers, G., the Anato- 
 my of man, of the human body, the 
 great foundation of all medical and surgi- 
 cal knowledge ; and Comparative, com- 
 paree, F., Anatomia comparata, L., die 
 vergleichende Anatomic, zergliederung der 
 unteren thiere, G., comparative Anatomy, 
 dissection of the lower animals, a part of 
 the science especially calculated to eluci- 
 date the more obscure points of human 
 physiology; and constituting the only so- 
 lid basis of zoological arrangements. Up- 
 on this principle, the great zoological 
 work Regne Animal of Cuvier, is con- 
 structed. 
 
 Human Anatomy admits of a further di- 
 vision into Descriptive, Physiological, and 
 Pathological or Morbid. The First, Ana- 
 tomie descriptive, F., die beschreibende A- 
 natomie, G., has, for its objects, a mere 
 anatomical description of the various or- 
 gans and viscera composing the human 
 body : of such nature are the works en- 
 titled Traits, and Manuel rf' Anatomic 
 descriptive of Bichat and Cloquet. The 
 Second, Anatomie physiologique, F., Ana- 
 tomia physiologica, Ij., die physiologische A- 
 natomie, G., involves an examination of 
 the animal organs, requisite for the correct 
 understanding of their various functions 
 in the healthy state. The Third, Anato- 
 mie pathologique, Anatomia pathologica, 
 die pathologische Anatomie, investigates 
 the alterations which the different organs 
 exhibit in consequence of disease, and con- 
 genital malformations in their structure. 
 Medical Anatomy, Anatomia medico, L., 
 die medicinische Anatomie, includes, like 
 the Cours d' Anatomie Medicale, of Portal, 
 all the three preceding branches, with es- 
 pecial reference to the situation of the 
 various internal organs, as regards the 
 exterior of the body, and the nervous con- 
 nections existing between them. Gene- 
 ral Anatomy, Anatomia generalis, L., 
 -die allgemeine Anatomie, G., examines 
 all that the various tissues exhibit in 
 common, and their differences, in the or- 
 gans to the composition of which they
 
 ANC 
 
 contribute. Its applications to physiolo- 
 gy and pathology are admirably illustrated 
 in the Anatomic Generate, and Traite des 
 Membranes, of Bichat, and the Nosogra- 
 phie Philosophique, of Pinel. 
 
 Surgical Anatomy, Anatomic chirurgi- 
 cale, F., die chirurgische Anatomic, G., 
 finally, contemplates the various organs, 
 especially the blood-vessels, nerves, and 
 muscles, in their intimate relations to each 
 other ; and minutely determines the re- 
 gions which they severally occupv, with 
 respect to the surface of the body, and 
 their vulnerable points, at every period of 
 life, and in every change of position. A 
 profound and accurate Knowledge of it is 
 essential to the operative Surgeon. See 
 Surgical Anatomy of the Head and Neck, 
 by the late Allan Burns, of Glasgow. 
 
 ANATOMIQUE, adj., ara-rafux.es, ana- 
 tomicus, L., anatomisch, zur zerglieder- 
 ungskunde gehb'rig, G., anatomical, be- 
 longing to the science of anatomy. 
 
 ANA.TOMISER, v. a., avar^t-s^, dis- 
 sequer, F., dissecare, animalium corpora 
 incidere, L., zergliedern, G., to anato- 
 mize, to dissect the bodies of animals. 
 
 ANATOMJSTE, s. m., iva.-Teft.as, anato- 
 micus, anatouius, prosector, m. L.., ana- 
 tom, zergliederer, m. G., an anatomist: 
 one occupied in dissecting animal bodies. 
 
 ANATRESIE, s. f., a.ia.r^rsffis, perfora- 
 tio, f. L.., trepanation, f., die durchboh- 
 rung des schadels, G., perforation of the 
 skull, with the trephine. 
 
 ANATRIBE, ANATRIPSIE, s. , - 
 Tfi^is, anatripsis, frictio, f. L., anreiben, 
 einreiben, n. G., friction. ANATRIPSO- 
 I.OGIE, s. f. (same, and tiyas, discourse), 
 anatripsologia, f. L., anatripsologie, f., 
 die lehre vom einreiben der arzeneymittel 
 in die aussere haut, G., the doctrine of 
 friction with remedies on the surface of 
 the body. ANATRIPTIQUE, s. m., and 
 adj., anatripticus, anatripticum, L. The 
 term, Anatriptica, die anatriptik, G is 
 used to designate the cure of diseases by 
 anatriptic remedies, or friction, cura mor- 
 borum medicaminibus anatripticis, L., 
 die heilart (lurch einreibungen, G. 
 
 ANAUDIE, s. ,- a.va.v&'n*. ( priv., duSrj, 
 voice), anaudia, L., sprachlosigkeit, 
 f., ein holier grad von heiserkeit, G., loss 
 of voice, an extreme degree of hoarseness. 
 
 ANCHILOPS, s.m., a.yx&u$ (Zyxi, near, 
 -4^, eye), anchilops, f. L., augenwink- 
 elgeschwullst, f. G., an inflammatory tu- 
 mour (abscess) situated in the inner angle 
 of the Eye. See ^Ecu-ops. 
 
 ANCHOIS, S. m., 'Eyxpaffl%o*.as (* * 
 
 x^a.r'i #xj, bile in the head), Encrasicho- 
 lus, m. L., Anchove, Anschove, G., 
 Anchovy : in Ichthyology, formerly a spe- 
 cies of the Clupea, or Herring Genus, of 
 Linnaeus ; but now the type of a new ge- 
 
 35 
 
 AND 
 
 nus, EngrmtKsj belonging to the Malaco- 
 pterygii, Abdominales, of Cuvier, and distin- 
 guished from Clupea, by the long straight 
 maxillaries, and smooth belly. See CLU- 
 PEE. The Anchovy, JE. encrasichoius, a 
 migratory fish, common in the European 
 seas, is usually eaten, pickled, as a season- 
 ing to other food. It is highly stimulant 
 ana aphrodisiac ; and said, like fish in ge- 
 neral, to be injurious in cutaneous diseases. 
 Some naturalists assert that the ycg* of 
 the Greeks, .garum of the Romans, was 
 prepared from the intestines of this aniinal- 
 The Itead, of" an exceedingly bitter taste, 
 hence the Greek name, is invariably re- 
 jected in its preparation. See Faune det 
 Meaecint, vol. i, p. 373. 
 
 ANCISTROIDE, adj. ol<yxifr0tibiis (iyxt- 
 
 irrgn, a hook, iTSos, form), ancistroides, L., 
 hooklike. See AXCYKOIDE. 
 
 ANCONK, s. m. (ct.yx.u-j, the elbow): the 
 name of a small triangular muscle of the 
 forearm (epicondylo-cubital, ChA anco- 
 r.eus, L., kleiner knorrenmuKkel, der 
 kleine streckmuskel des vorderarms, G.; 
 which extends from the outer condyle of 
 the htimerus to the posterior border of 
 the ulna. By some anatomists r it is term- 
 ed parr/us* to distinguish it from the Tri- 
 ceps extensor cubiti, Anconevs major, 
 L., der dreitopfige armmuskel, G. ; and 
 yuarlvs, by others who regard the three 
 portions of the last-mentioned, as distinct 
 muscles under the respective titles of An- 
 caneus longus, Clanger kopf ; externus, 
 ausserer kopf; and iuternus seu brachialis 
 externus, ^innerer kopf. See TRICEPS. 
 ANCONE, adj., anconeus, L., zum ellnbo- 
 gen gehorig, G., belonging to the elbow, 
 
 ANCTI.OBEEPHABON. See ANKFLO- 
 
 BLEPHARON. 
 
 ANCVLOMELE. See ANKYI.OMELE. 
 
 AKCTLOKERISME. See ANKYLOMEBIS- 
 ME. 
 
 ANCYI.OSE. See ANKTLOSE. 
 
 ANCYLOTOME. See ANKYLOTOME. 
 
 ANCYBOIDE, adj., a.yx.v^aii^ris (y*tf, 
 an anchor, tTbos, resemblance), ancy- 
 ro'ides, L., ankerforrnig, hakenf6rmig,G., 
 anchor-shaped : a term applied to the 
 coracoid process, proeessus ancyraides, L. 
 of the scapula, from its resemblance to a 
 hook (see CORACOIDE) ; and to the digital 
 cavity posterior horn of the lateral ven- 
 tricle of the brain, from its curved figure. 
 
 ANDBANATOMIE, s. , avBaavaTs^f?, 
 
 (iv>7, man, avaroftn, dissection), andra- 
 natomia, f. L., -die zergliederung einer 
 mannlichen leiche, G., dissection of a AK- 
 man body. Syn. with ANDBOTOMIE. 
 
 ANDROGYNE, adj., (ivrjj, man, ytnti, 
 woman), androgynus, semi-virilis, semi- 
 femineus, L., ^mannweiblich, G., an- 
 drogynous. This term, in Botanv, has a 
 sense completely different, as applied to & 
 
 D2
 
 ANE 
 
 single Hower, or to a whole plant. In the 
 former case, it is synonymous with herma- 
 phrodite, and signifies that in one floral 
 envelope, both kinds of sexual organ sta- 
 men and pistil are present. In the lat- 
 ter, it is equivalent to monoecious, and an- 
 nounces the existence of male and female 
 flowers in the same plant. It is also 
 sometimes employed as signifying common 
 to intended at the same time for both 
 sexes, beiden geschlechtem gemeinschaft- 
 lich, fur beide geschlechter zugleich be- 
 stimmt, G. : Ex. xTg ivfyoyuvx, balnea 
 androgyna, L, bader, worm zugleich 
 manner und frauen baden, G., baths 
 wherein men and women bathe together. 
 
 Substantively Used, a.^^oyvins, avfya-yut/as, 
 
 androgyna, hermaphroditus, m. L., ein 
 zwitter, mannweib, G., an hermaphro- 
 dite. See HERMAPHRODITE. Etiam, sic 
 vocantur (androgynce, eunuchi) quibus 
 exclsa sunt membra virilia, L. 
 
 ANDfiOMiVNfE, S. f., avSgopatia, (>>!, 
 
 and >>/, fury), andromania, f. L., 
 mannollheit.-f. G., man-madness. Syno- 
 nvmous with NVMPHOMANIE. 
 
 ' ANDROFHAGE, s. m., and adj av$<p- 
 yf,(avij, and ipyw,I eat), androphagus, 
 L., ein menschenfresser, canibal, G., 
 a man-eater, cannibal: androphagous. 
 
 ANDROPHOBIE, s. f. (v, and $i>os, 
 dread), androphobia, f. I.,., die manner- 
 scheu, G., hatred or rather dread of the 
 human race. 
 
 ANDROTOMIE, s. f., avS^T^rj (>?, 
 and riftva, I cut), androtomia, f. L. See 
 ANDRANATOMIE. 
 
 ANDRUM, s. m.: a swelling of the scro- 
 tum, connected with Elephantiasis, ein 
 grosser wasserfleischbruch mit Elephanti- 
 asis verbunden, G., endemic in south 
 Asia, and described by Koempfer. 
 
 ANE, anesse, s. t, oW, asinus, m., 
 asina, f. L., esel, m., eselinn, f. G., ass 
 (male and female) : in Zoology, a species 
 belonging to the genus Eq$iu. See CHE- 
 VAL. Onagre, ane sauvage, F., J'vay^a,-, 
 onager, m. L., wilder esel, G., the 
 wild ass. Anon, avueiov, asellus, jun- 
 ger esel, ass-colt. The asses milk lait 
 de I' anesse, F., lac asininum, L,., die 
 eselsmilch, G., is a favorite remedy in 
 weakness and emaciation of the system 
 consequent on acute diseases, in pulmo- 
 nary phthisis, and hi atony or irritation of 
 the cnylopb'ietic organs ; especially when 
 attended with constipation. See LAIT. 
 The flesh, chair des anes, F., caro asi- 
 nina, L., das ese/sfleisch, G. especially 
 that of the young animal, is still eaten, as 
 a delicacy, in the East ; and constitutes 
 the basis of the celebrated Bologna sau- 
 sage. Every other part and product, 
 even the cerumen and excrements, of the 
 
 36 
 
 ANE 
 
 animal were employed in ancient medicine. 
 See Faune des Medecins, v. L, p. 386. 
 
 ANEANTISSEMENT, s. m., extinctio, ad 
 iiiluluin redactio, f. L., vernichtung, f., 
 G., extinction, annihilation : an hyperbo- 
 lical expression, vulgarly employed to de- 
 note extreme depression, die tiefste de- 
 miithigung, G., exhaustion, from exces- 
 sive fatigue, of mind or body. 
 
 ANEBE, adj., impubere, v/3 ( priv., 
 >)'), puberty), impuber, L., unmiindig, 
 unmannbar, G., one that has not attain- 
 ed puberty, under age, unmarriageable. 
 
 ANEMASIE, ANEMOSE, s. f. Syn. with 
 
 ANEMIE, s. f. (a priv., aTpa, blood), a- 
 nmaeta, f. L., blutmangel, m. G., defi- 
 ciency of blood : a disease in which the 
 blood appears to have lost its natural co- 
 lour, consistence, and exciting properties, 
 and is deficient in quantity for tne pur- 
 poses of life ; condition of the body after 
 profuse loss of blood. 
 
 ANEMOGHAPHIE, s. f. (avi/ta;, the wind, 
 ya.$u, I describe), anemographia, f. L., 
 die beschreibung der winde, G., ane- 
 mography : that part of physics which has 
 for it's object the description of the winds. 
 
 ANEMOMETRE, s. m. (a.npos, and^ir^y, 
 measure), anemometrum, n. L., wind- 
 messer, m. G., anemometer : an instru- 
 ment for determining the force and veloci- 
 ty of the wind. ANEMOMETBIE, s. f., 
 anemometria, f. L., the art of employing, 
 ANEMOMETROGRAPHIE, s. f, descrip- 
 tion of, such instrument. 
 
 ANEMONE, s. f., 'Avs^a/vo (quia flos a ven- 
 tis facile propellitur) : in Botany, a genus 
 of plants, Anemone, ( folyandria, poly- 
 gyn. , Ranunculace<B ), L., die Anemone, 
 windblume, G., Anemone, "Wind-flower, 
 containing four British and many ex- 
 otic species, herbaceous, generally acrid 
 and vesicant. One of the latter, (strong- 
 ly resembling, in character, the British 
 pulsatilla), schwarze kiichenschelle, G., 
 meadow Anemone, .is employed medici- 
 nally : an Extract and distilled Water of it, 
 ein Dickauszug und destillirtes Wasser 
 der schwarzen kuchenschelle, constitute 
 Officinal Preparations of it, with the Ger- 
 mans. Three of the British species, A. 
 nemorosa, die waldanemone T weisse wind- 
 blume, G., Wood-anemene, ranunculoi- 
 des, hahnenfusartige Anemone, gelbes 
 Waldhahnlein, yellow Wood Anemone, 
 and pulsatilla, kiichenkraut, windkraut, 
 n., Osterblume, f., G. Pasque-flower A- 
 nemone, 1'andmone pulsatifle, F., are 
 ranked, by Gmelin and Orfila, among the 
 vegetable poisons. See Pflanxengifte, p. 
 267, 705 ; and Lecons de Medecine legate, 
 v. iii., p. 202. 
 
 ANMONIKE, s. f. anemonina, f. L., 
 anemonin, anemonensubstanz, f. G., ane- 
 monine : a crv&tallizeable substance disco-
 
 ANE 
 
 , by Funke, in several species of Ane- 
 mone, particularly the pratensis, pulsatilla, 
 and nemorasa ; and regarded as constitut- 
 ing the active principle of these plants. 
 
 ANEMOSCOPE, S. m. (civtpoi, and a-xavria, 
 
 I survey), anemoscopium, n. L., wind- 
 zeiger, m. G. : an instrument which indi- 
 cates the direction of the wind. 
 
 ANENCEPHALE, s. and adj. (a priv., iy- 
 *tifaxf, the brain), anencephalus, L., 
 ohne hirn, G., anencephalous : Ex. Foe- 
 tus anencephale prive de 1' encephale, F., 
 ein foetus ohne him, G., a foetus with- 
 out brain. 
 
 ANEPITHYMIE, s. (* priv., IxiSvp'ot, 
 desire), anepithymia, f. L., diminution, 
 or abolition, of the physical appetites or 
 desires : according to Kraus, absence both 
 of desires and aversion, der mangel an 
 begierde und abscheu, G. 
 
 ANERESTHISIE, s. f. ( priv., Is4/<r/s?, ir- 
 ritability), anerethisia, inirrita*bilitas, f. 
 Li., reizlosigkeit, f. der mangel an reiz- 
 barkeit, G., inirritability, absence or de- 
 fect of (the natural) irritability. 
 
 ANESIE, s. f., eivtins, (avinfn, I relax), 
 remissio, f. L., remission, amelioration 
 of symptoms. ANETIQUE, adj., avinxos, 
 aneticus, anetic : Ex. (fa^uxov avirixav, 
 remede anetique, F., a remedy which 
 diminishes the intensity of symptoms. 
 
 ANET, ANETH, s. m., "Avrjov, a genus, 
 in Botany, Anethum ( Ptntandria, digyn.; 
 UmbellifercB), der Dill, das Dillkraut, G., 
 Dill, containing but few species : 
 also, a species of this genus, A. graveolens, 
 common Dill, an annual, and native of 
 south Europe ; the seeds of which, Ane- 
 thi semina, L., dillsamen, G., acrid, aro- 
 matic and carminative, are employed in 
 medicine. The Officinal Preparations of 
 this plant, with the Germans, are a distilled 
 Water, Dillwasser, Aqua anethi; and Oil, 
 Dillol, Oleum anethi. ~The Fennel, for- 
 merly included in this, is now removed to 
 the genus Meum, by Smith, and to Foeni- 
 culum, by Hooker. See FENOUIL. 
 
 ANEURYSMAL, ANEVRISMAL, ANEV- 
 RYSMAL, adj aneurismaticus, L., aneu- 
 rismatische, zum pulsadergeschwullst ge- 
 hb'rig, aneurismal, relating to aneurism : 
 Ex. Sac anevrysmal, F., ; saccus aneuris- 
 maticus, L.. ein -aneurismatischer sack, G., 
 an aneurismal sac. See ANEVRYSME. 
 
 ANEVRISMATIftUE, ANEVRYSMATIQUE, 
 
 adj. Synonymous with ANEURYSMAL. 
 
 ANEVRYSME, ANEURYSME, s. m., 
 xvtv^uffta (a.vtugvviv, I dilate), aneurisma, 
 aneurysma, n. L., aneurisma, anevrys- 
 ma, n., pulsadergeschwullst, f., die erweit- 
 erung einer arterie, G., aneurism, swell- 
 ing, dilatation of an artery. Aneurism 
 may be defined, a tumour, formed by arte- 
 rial blood, from dilatation, rupture, or di- 
 vision, of the coats of an artery. The 
 
 37 
 
 ANE 
 
 term has been also applied, by some wri- 
 ters, to dilatation of the cavities of the 
 heart, and even to enlargement of the 
 organ from thickening of its parietes. 
 
 Aneurism shews itself under three 
 different forms : 1. that of true aneurism, 
 vrai, F., aneurysma verum, 'L., das 
 tvahre anevrysma, G., formed by dilata- 
 tion, circumscribed or diffused, without 
 breach, of all the coats of an artery. In 
 the former case, it constitutes the variety 
 called circumscribed, circonscrit, cir- 
 cumscriptum, umschreibene ; in the 
 latter, the diffused, diffus, diffusum, 
 ausgebreitete, of true aneurism : 2. false 
 or spurious, faux, spurium, das 
 fafsche anevrysma, formed by a breach 
 of two or all of the arterial tunics, and 
 presenting two varieties ; the circum- 
 scribed, in which the blood, escaping 
 through a rupture of the internal ana 
 middle coats, converts the external coat 
 of the vessel into an aneurismal sac ; and 
 the diffused, where the external coat, 
 also, has subsequently given way, and the 
 blood been poured out into Che surround- 
 ing cellular structure : 3. mixed aneu- 
 rism, mixte, mistum, das gemischte, 
 
 which likewise comprehends two varie- 
 ties ; one, the internal, consisting of an 
 hernia-like protrusion of the internal, 
 through a wound or rupture of the middle 
 and external coats of an artery ; and the 
 other, external, produced by rupture of 
 the dilated coats of true aneurism, and 
 consequent diffusion of its contents 
 through the circumjacent membrane. 
 
 Besides these principal ibrms, thereof 
 Aneurism by Anastomosis, anevrysme par 
 anastomose, F., das.anastomotische anev- 
 rysma, G., apparently caused by aneu- 
 rismal dilatation of the extreme vessels of 
 a part, and extravasation of blood into the 
 distended cells of the cellular structure. 
 
 Aneurismal Varix, Varice ane'vrys- 
 male, F., das anevrysmatische Venen- 
 geschwulst, G., is said to exist, when, 
 from the transfixion of a vein, and pene- 
 tration of the subjacent artery, by a lancet, 
 or other sharp instrument, and consequent 
 adhesion of the two vessels, a direct com- 
 munication has been established between 
 them ; and the blood, flowing from the 
 artery into the vein, dilates the coats of 
 the latter into a sac. If, however, from 
 the obliquity of the wound or other circum- 
 stance, such communication be not direct, 
 but take place through the medium of an 
 aneurismal sac formed by dilatation of the 
 wounded artery, and interposed between 
 the vessels, the disease is termed Varicose 
 Aneurism, variqueux, F., aneurysma 
 varicosum,L. das varikose anevrysma, G. 
 
 Aneurisms, from their situation, are, 
 lastly, distinguished into internal and ex-
 
 ANG 
 
 ternal. To the former, belong aneurisms 
 of the cerebral, and especially of the basi- 
 lar, arteries, probably a frequent source 
 of fatal apoplexy, and of the thoracic and 
 abdominal aorta : to the latter, aneurisms 
 of the temporal and carotid arteries, and 
 of the larger arterial trunks of the extre- 
 mities. For a minute description of the 
 varieties, formation, and distinguishing 
 characters, of the disease, consult Hodg- 
 son's Treatise ; and Art. Aneurism, in 
 Cooper's Surgical Dictionary. 
 
 ANFRACTUOSITE, s. f., anfractus, gy- 
 ms, m. L., anfractuosity : a winding, or 
 curvature, varying in extent and figure, 
 of any part of the body : Ex. cere'brales, 
 F., gyri cerebrales, L., die windungen 
 des gehirns, G., anfractuosities convolu- 
 tions of the brain. 
 
 ANGEIAT., ANGEIEDX, adj. (ayyiTor, a 
 vessel), vascularis, L., vascular : a- 
 bounding with full of minute vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOGRAPHIE, AITGIOGRAPHIE, s. f. 
 (ayyun f and y^ta, I describe), angeio 
 angio-graphia, f. L., die beschreibung 
 der gefasse, G., angiography : that part 
 of anatomy which consists in the descrip- 
 tion of vessels. 
 
 ANGEIOHYDROGRAPHIE, s. f. (ayyt.7/>v, 
 v$u , water, and y^a,<fu), angeiohydrogra- 
 phia, f. L., description of ANGIOHYDRO- 
 tooiE, s. f., doctrine of and ANGEIOHY- 
 DROTOMIE, s. f., dissection oK the lympha- 
 tic vessels, die beschreibung, die lehre 
 und die zergliederung der lymphatischen 
 gefasse, G. 
 
 ANGEIOLOGIE, AHGIOLOGIE, s. f. (a.y- 
 yiiov, and xdyas, discourse), angiologia, 
 L., angiologie, f., die gefiisslenre, G., 
 angiology : doctrine of the vessels of or- 
 ganized bodies. ANGEIOLOGISTE? s. m., 
 angiologus, m. L., angiologe, m. G., an- 
 giologist : one who occupies himself with 
 angiological subjects. AJTGIOLOGICIUE, 
 adj., angiologicus, L., zur gefasslehre 
 gehdrig, G., belonging to angiology. 
 
 AlfGEIOPATHIE, S. fT (ctyyiTot, and tfa.- 
 
 6(, disease), angiopathia, f. L., das ge- 
 fassleiden, eine krankheit der gefasse, G., 
 vascular disease, a morbid affection of 
 the vessels. ANGEIOPATHICIUE, adj., 
 angiopathicus, L., mit gefassleiden be- 
 hattet, G., angiopathic, affected with- 
 er relating to vascular disease. 
 
 AKGEIOPLEROSE, s. f. (a.yytiiov t and vrxj- 
 %tt<ris, repletion), angioplerosis, vasorum 
 repletio, f. L., gefassiiberfullung, f., eine 
 iiberf iillung der gefasse, G., undue 
 
 fulness overloading of the vessels 
 
 ANGEiopLEROTiaxiE, adj., angiopleroti- 
 cus, L., an gefassuberfullung leidend, 
 G., suffering from such state of vascular 
 congestion. See PLETHORE. 
 
 AKGEIORRHAGIE, s. (aLyyiiot, and 
 , I flow with force), hemorrhagie 
 38 
 
 ANG 
 
 active, F., angiorrhagia, , sanguinis pro- 
 fluvium, n. L., angiorrhagie, , die ge- 
 rasszerreissung, G., excessive flow of 
 blood, hemorrhage from excess of action : 
 a term preferred, by Kraus, to hemor- 
 rhage: " Das wort ist viel wahrer, pas- 
 sender und bezeichnender, als das gewohn- 
 lich gebrauchte " Haemmorrhagia." AN- 
 GEIORRHAGIQUE, adj., angiorrhagicus, L. 
 an gefasszerreissung leidend, G., suf- 
 fering from active hemorrhage. 
 
 ANGEIORHEE, s. f. (ayytiov, and fiu, I 
 flow), hemorrhagie passive, F., angior- 
 rhoea, L. : flux sanguin par defaut, as 
 the preceding is, par exces de force. 
 
 ANGELICUTE, s. , a genus, in Botany, 
 Angelica, L., and E. (Pentandria, diyyn. ; 
 Umbelliferee ), -die Angelika, Engelkraut, 
 n., Engelwurz, f. G., containing two 
 British and several exotic species. The 
 Stalks of one of the former, A. archange- 
 lica, garden A., candied with sugar, pos- 
 sess an agreeable aromatic flavour, and are 
 excitant and stomachic : blanched in wa- 
 ter, they serve as food to the Norwegian 
 and Laplander. The Seeds have a warm 
 and acrid taste. The Root, racine de 
 range'lique,F., radix Angelicas, L., An- 
 gelikwurzel, G, is principally employed 
 in medicine ; and, by the Laplanders, con- 
 sidered of great efficacy in pectoral affec- 
 tions. The Germans have an Extract, 
 Angelikwurzel extract ; a Tincture, tinc- 
 tur; a compound and compound camphorat- 
 ed Spirit (zusammengesetzter und zu- 
 sammengesetzter kampherhaltiger An- 
 
 ;lik\vurzelgeist) of this root. The other 
 ritish species, A.sylvestris, 1'angelique 
 sauvage des bois, F., wildes engelkraut ? 
 G., wild Angelica, possesses, in an inferi- 
 or degree, the virtues of its congener. 
 
 ANGEMPHRAXIE, ANGIEMPHRAXIE, s. 
 f. (a.yyi7ov, a vessel, iftq^tiffffw, I obstruct), 
 angemphraxis, vasorum obstructio, f. L., 
 die verstopfung der gefasse, G., obstruc- 
 tion of vessels. 
 
 ANGIECTASIE, s. f. (ayyitov, and 'ixrans, 
 extension), angiectasia, f. L., angiekta- 
 sie, f , die gef'dssausdehnung, G., dilatation 
 of vessels. 
 
 ANGINE. s. , angina, f. L. (angere, to 
 
 suffocate), rvvayxn, die braune, hals- 
 
 entziindung, G. angina, quinsy: a term 
 applied to inflammation of the mucous 
 membrane of the fauces, pharynx, larynx, 
 and even oesophagus and bronchia. The 
 affection is distinguished, from its seat, 
 into angina of the aeriferous and of the 
 alimentary tube, angine du conduite 
 ae'ritere, et du conduite alimentaire, F. 
 The former, is subdivided into laryngeal, 
 tracheal, and bronchial, ang. larynge'e, 
 trache'ale, bronchique, F., laryngea, tra- 
 chealis, bronchica, L., and characterized 
 by pain in inspiration: the second, into
 
 ANG 
 
 guttural (faucial), pharyngeal, cesophageal, 
 gutturalis, pharynge'a, oesophagea, L.., 
 marked by pain in deglutition. See LA- 
 RYNGITE, TRACHEITE, BRONCHITE, A- 
 MVGDALITE,PHARYNGITE,(ESOPHAGITE. 
 Angine externe. See OREILLONS. gan- 
 greneuse, maligne, Angina gangrenosa, 
 maligna, L., inflammation of the pha- 
 rynx, simple, or complicated with laryngi- 
 tis, and terminating in gangrene. mem- 
 braneuse, polypeuse, Angina membrana- 
 cea, polyposa, L. See THACHEITE. 
 cedemateuse, oedematosa, L. : an oedema- 
 tous swelling of the membrane of the glot- 
 tis, consequent on chronic laryngitis. See 
 LARYNGITE. seche, angina sicca, JL. 
 chronic inflammation of the pharynx, 
 with sense of heat and dryness, occurring 
 in some chronic affections of the stomach 
 and lungs. squirrheuse, angina squir- 
 rhosa, L.., dysphagia resulting from scir- 
 rhous alteration of the pharynx or cesopha- 
 
 us. fife poifrine, angina pectoris, L. 
 ee STERNALGIE. 
 
 ANGINEUX, adj., anginosus, L., zur 
 braune gehorig, G., belonging or relat- 
 ing to Angina : Ex. Scarlatine angineuse, 
 F., scarlatina anginosa, L. 
 
 ANGIO-ASTHENIE, s. f. (a.yyi7o\>, a vessel, 
 curGima., weakness), angio-asthenia, f. L., 
 atonie dergefasse, G., atony oi' the vessels. 
 
 ANGIOLEUCITE, s. f. (ayyeJov, andxw- 
 xos, white), angioleucitis, f. L., inflam- 
 mation des vaisseaux blancs, F., entziin- 
 dung der lymphatischen gef'dsse, G., ^in- 
 flammation of the white lymphatic ves- 
 sels, lymphatic inflammation. 
 
 ANGIOPYRE, ANGIOPYRIE, s. f. (xyyii- 
 v, and ieufy fever), angiopyria, f. L. : a 
 term given, by Alibert, to inflammatory fe- 
 ver ; which constitutes the 6th genus of 
 his family of Angioses. 
 
 ANGIOSE, s. f. (uyyiiov), angiosis, f. 
 li. : the 6th family in the Nosologie Natu- 
 relle, of Alibert ; comprehending all the 
 diseases which have their origin in the 
 blood-vessel system. 
 
 ANGIOSPERMIE, s. f. (et-yyuav, and <rv<g- 
 fttt, seed) : in Botany, according to Lin- 
 naeus, the second Order of Didynamia, 
 bei Linnee, die zweite Ordnung der Didy- 
 namie, the 14th Class of his sexual sys- 
 tem; and comprehending all the didyna- 
 mious plants with seeds contained in a 
 pericarp, or seed-vessel. ANGIOSPERME, 
 adj., angiospermicus, angiospermus, L., 
 den saamen in gefassen habend, mit saa- 
 mengefassen versehen, G., angiosperm- 
 ous, naving their seeds in provided with 
 a seed-vessel : Ex. Plantes angiospermes, 
 F., plantas angiospermte, quae semen in 
 capsula peculiar! reconditum ferunt, L., 
 angiospermen, die pflanzen mit saamen in 
 capseln, G., plants with their seeds in a 
 distinct capsule. See GYMNOSPERMIE. 
 
 39 
 
 ANG 
 
 AUGIOTENIQUE, adj. (ayyrav, and 7Wa>, 
 
 I stretch), angiotenicus, L., angiotenic : 
 proceedmg from tension of the coats of a 
 vessel. This term is applied, by Pinel, to 
 all diseases characterized by fulness, 
 strength, and rapidity of pulse, without 
 apparent local lesion. 
 
 ANGIOTOMIE, ANGEIOTOMIE, s. f. (a,y- 
 <yt7ov, and rifivu, I dissect), angiotomia, 
 f. L., gefiisszergliederung, f., die unter- 
 suchung des baues der gef asse, G., dissec- 
 tion examination of the structure of 
 the vessels of an organized body. AN- 
 GIOTOMISTE, s. m., angiotomus, m. I ,., 
 angiotom, m., ein gef asszergliederer, G., 
 angiotomist: a dissector of vessels. 
 
 ANGITE, s. f. (ayyiTov), angitis, I* : 
 inflammation of vessels. 
 
 ANGLE, s. m., yv/, angulus, m. L,., 
 winkel, m. G. angle : the incidence of 
 two lines, straight or curved, one upon 
 the other. In anatomical description, the 
 term is very commonly employed : Exs. 
 Angle de 1'ceil, (x.aMc\ des levres, F., 
 canthus, angulus oculi,^ oris, L., augen- 
 winkel, mun&winkel, G., angle of the eye, 
 of the lips or mouth ; de la machoire 
 inferieure, F., angulus maxillae inferioris, 
 L., der winkel des unterkiefers, G. : the 
 angle formed by the ascending branch, 
 branche montante, F.. ramus, L. unter- 
 kieferast, G. with the horizontal branch 
 or body kb'rper, G. of the lower jaw in 
 man and other of the vertebrated animals. 
 See MACHOIRE. 
 
 ANGOISSE, s. f., a.yuv'ut, rangor, m., 
 
 anxietas, f. L., angst, f. G., anguish, 
 anxiety. 
 
 ANGUILLE, s. f. de meryelectrique,. 
 de haie. See MURENE, CONGRE, GYM- 
 NOTE, COULEVRE. 
 
 ANGULAIRE, adj. yavietins, angula- 
 
 ris, L., winkelig, G angular : that 
 which belongs to or exhibits angles. 
 (Some lexicographers assert that the latter 
 condition should be expressed by the 
 term anguleux, F., angulosus, L.) : Exs. 
 Apophyses angulaires, F., processus an- 
 gulares, L.., die winkeligen fortsatze des 
 stirnbeines, G., angular processes of the 
 frontal bone. Os angulaire, angular bone : 
 the name of one of the pieces which form 
 the body of the lower jaw, in birds and 
 reptiles. See Cuvier, Lecons d'Anatomie 
 Comparte, v. iii., p. 12. Angulaire de fo- 
 moplate (trachelo-scapulaire, Ch.), angu- 
 laris levator scapulae, L aufheber des 
 schulterblattes, G. : a muscle, extending 
 from the transverse processes of the first 
 four cervical vertebrae to the posterior su- 
 perior angle of the scapula. 
 
 ANGUSTURE, s. f., cortex Angustura, 
 L , Angusturarinde, Cusparabaumrinde, 
 G., Angustura or Cusparia-Bark : the 
 product of an elegant South- American e-
 
 AN I 
 
 rergreen tree, Bonplandia trifoliata (Pen- 
 tandria, monogyn. ; Diosmece), three-leaved 
 Bonplandia, formerl}' Cusparia febrifuga, 
 Cusparabaum, G., bitter, aromatic, tonic ; 
 little inferior to the bark of Cinchona. 
 German Officinal Preparations: an Extract, 
 Angusturaextract, and Tincture, tinc- 
 tur. Angusture ferrugineuse. See BRU- 
 CINE, and FAUSSE Angusture. 
 
 ANHAPHIE, s. f., better ANAPHIE ( 
 priv., <pj), touch), anaphia, f., tactus im- 
 minutus, abolitus, m. I,., gefuhlosig- 
 keit, f., mangel des fiihlvermogens, m. G,, 
 diminution, or loss, of the sense of touch. 
 
 ANHELATION, s. f., anhelatio, f. I.,. 
 fanhelo, I pant), keichen, n. G., anhela- 
 tion : a term expressive of a peculiar mode 
 of respiration, synonymous with Ensouffle- 
 ment ; symptomatic of lesion, direct or in- 
 direct, of the pulmonary functions. Some- 
 times employed as synonymous with 
 Asthma. ANHELEUX, adj., anhelosus, 
 keichend, anhelose: Ex. Respiration an- 
 hileuse, F., quick paa/m^-^respiration. 
 
 ANHYDHE, adj. ( priv., ulu%, water), 
 anhydrous : a term, in Chemistry, ap- 
 plied to a salt, sel anhydre, when con- 
 taining no water of crystallization. 
 
 ANIMAL, s. m., animal, n. L. (anima, 
 life), |iv, thier, n. G. An animal is 
 usually defined to be an organized body 
 endowed with sensibility and voluntary 
 motion ; possessing an interior sac or cavity 
 for the reception and assimilation of ali- 
 mentary substances, and executing the 
 process of nutrition from the first moment 
 to the close of life. The second condition 
 is, probably, that which most unerringly 
 characterizes the animal.body. It is dim- 
 cult, however, to frame a definition so 
 comprehensive and so accurate as to em- 
 brace the whole animal seiies, to the ex- 
 clusion of certain plants which exhibit 
 some of the characteristics of animal life ; 
 and to fix the precise boundary which di- 
 vides the animal from the vegetable king- 
 dom. ANIMAL, adj., animalis, anima- 
 lisch, thierisch, animal : Ex. Regne ani- 
 mal, F., regnum animate, L,., das thier- 
 reich, G., me animal kingdom (for the 
 best arrangement and divisions of which, 
 see Le Regne Animal, by Cuvier), includ- 
 ing the whole series of animal creation, 
 from Man to the last of the Zoophytes. 
 
 ANIMALCULE, s. m^-r-^Sa^ov, animal- 
 culum. n. L., thierchen, n. G., animal- 
 cule : a minute animal visible only by the 
 aid of a microscope : ; as the Infusoria. 
 ANIMALCULISME, s. m., animalculism.: 
 the hypothesis employed to explain, by 
 the intervention of spermatic or other 
 animalcula, the process of animal procrea- 
 tion, or the diffusion of contagious, infec- 
 tious, and epidemic diseases, ANIMALCU- 
 J.HTK, s. m., animalculist : a Physiolo- 
 
 40 
 
 ANK 
 
 gist, or Pathologist, who advocates the 
 theory of Animalculism, 
 
 ANIMALISATION, s. f., animalisatio, f. 
 Li., animalization : the passage from the 
 condition of a vegetable, or unorganized 
 substance, to that of animality ; conver- 
 sion of food into the animal substance, 
 die veranderung der speisen in thierische 
 substanz, G. 
 
 ANIMALITE, s. f., animalitas, f. L., a- 
 nimality : the possession of those attri- 
 butes and faculties which characterize a- 
 nimal substances ; condition of animal ex- 
 istence, zustand des thierischen wesens, G. 
 
 ANIMATION, s. f., animatio, f. (anima), 
 L. beseelung, f. G animation : the mys- 
 terious union of soul and body ; endow- 
 ment with the vital principle. For sus- 
 pended animation, see ASPHYXIE. ANI- 
 ME, adj., flushed : a term employed, in 
 Pathology, to denote redness, with turges- 
 cence, of the human countenance. 
 
 AN i ME, s. m., Resina anime, L,., anime- 
 harz, kourbarillharz, n. G., gum anime : a 
 resinous exudation from the trunk and 
 roots of the Hymenaa Courbaril ( Pentan- 
 dria, monogyn. ; Leguminosee ), leathery- 
 leaved Locust-tree, a native of Brazil. 
 The Indians feed upon the sweet filamen- 
 tous substance, purgative when fresh, which 
 envelopes the four seeds contained in the 
 bean-like pod. The Resin, itself, of which 
 there are two varieties, East-Indian and 
 South-American, forms, when dissolved 
 in highly rectified spirit, the finest known 
 varnish : emitting a fragrant odour during 
 combustion, it is frequently burned in the 
 chamber of asthmatic and catarrhal pati- 
 ents. A solution of it in alcohol or oil, 
 makes a good Embrocation. It yields, on 
 distillation, an essential oil useful in para- 
 lysis, spasm, and tendinous contractions. 
 The Z*eatr,administered in decoction, are 
 anti-flatulent and aperient : the inner 
 Bark, a powerful vermifuge. See Lou- 
 don's Encyclopted. p. 346, Gen. 972. 
 
 ANIS, s. m., a species in Botany, aw<rv, 
 Pimpinella anisum, L., gemeiner anis, 
 G., common anise, a native of the Le- 
 vant. The Seeds, semences d' anis, se- 
 mina anisi, antssamen, stimulating and 
 carminative, are said to promote the secre- 
 tion of milk and semen, lactis ubertatem 
 prsestare, venerem stimulare, L. French 
 Officinal Preparations, an essential Oil and 
 distilled Wafer; German, an Oil, Water, 
 and Spirit, Anisol, Aniswasser, Anisgeist. 
 See BOUCAGE. Anis eloile. See BADIANE. 
 
 ANKYLORLEPHARON, s. m. ayxfXofXt- 
 Qfteov (ayxt/'xx, contraction, S^'ufa^ov, eye- 
 lid), ancyloblepharon, n. L., ankyloble- 
 pharon, n., die verwachsung der augenlie- 
 uer, G., adhesion, congenital or acciden- 
 tal, of the eyelids to eacn other. 
 
 ANKYLOGLOSSE, s. m., Kyx.v\iy*.<u<t9i,
 
 ANN 
 
 Siyx,u>.Yi, and yXa/ovra, the tongue), ancy- 
 oglosson, ankvloglossum, n. L., -die zu 
 starke verwachsung der zunge mittelst 
 des zungenbandchens, the too close adhe- 
 sion of the tongue, by means of the froenum 
 lingua ; verwachsung der zunge auch mit 
 andern theilen, mit dem grunde des 
 mundes, oder gar mit dem gaumen, G., 
 adhesion of the tongue to other parts, as 
 the floor of the mouth, and even the 
 gums : also, according to Blanchard, an in- 
 dividual, ancyloglossus, m., qui fr<e- 
 nulum (lingua) prcelongum habet, L.. 
 
 ANKYLOMKLE, s. f. (ayxyXa?, bent, and 
 /tt'xj, a sound), sonde recourbe'e, F., 
 ancylomele, L., eine gekrummte sonde, 
 G., a curved sound. 
 
 ANKYLOPS. See ANCHILOPS. 
 
 ANKYLOSE, s. f. ayxi/Xwir/f (y*i/x), 
 ancylosis, ankylosis, f. L.,_ankylose, f. G., 
 anchylosis: immobility, or stiffness, of 
 a diarthrodial articulation. See ACAMP- 
 SIE. True Anchylosis, vraie, F., vera, L., 
 wahre, G., resulting from mutual adhe- 
 sion of the articular surfaces, is incurable: 
 in the spurious, fausse, spuria, falsche, 
 depending on rigidity of the adjacent 
 soft parts, the curability will be deter- 
 mined by the nature of the original dis- 
 ease. ANKYLOTIQUE, adj., ancyloticus, 
 mit ankylose behaftet, anchylotic : 
 connected with anchylosis. 
 
 ANKYLOTOME, s. m ayxuAoro/*v(ayxu- 
 X, and ripvu, I cut), ancylotomus, m. 
 L., couteau ou bistouri courbe, F., scal- 
 pellum quo linguae frcenulum rescinditur, 
 L., ein gebogenes messer damit man (den 
 kindern) die zunge loset, G., a curved 
 knife, bistoury, or scalpel, with which the 
 lingual fnenum (of children) is divided. 
 
 ANNEAU, s. m., ayxvKiov, annulus, 
 m. L., ring, m. G. and E., has diverse 
 significations. In Anatomy, it implies a 
 circular orifice traversed by tube, vessel, 
 or other organ : Ex. Anneau inguinal 
 abdominal, F., annulus inguinalis, ab- 
 dominalis, L., leistenrm^r, G., inguinal 
 or abdominal ring, terminating exteriorly 
 the inguinal canal, canalis inguinalis, 
 leistenkanal, and giving passage to the 
 spermatic cord, saamenstrang, G., with 
 the tunica vaginalis testis, -die gemein- 
 schaftliche haute des hodens, and the 
 cremaster muscle, hodenmuskel in the 
 male ; and to the ligamentum rotundum 
 uteri, das runde mutterband, in the fe- 
 male. In Pathology, certain ulcerations 
 of the cornea : in Surgery, a ring-like in- 
 strument, enclosing a blade and spring; 
 formerly employed in opening the abscess- 
 es of timid patients. ANNULAIRE, adj., 
 annularis, ringformig, annular, encir- 
 cled by a ring, or ring-shaped : an epithet 
 applied to the 4th finger of the human 
 
 hand, 1,Krv>-nf faoa^i ?/>,-, Or ^KK-rvKiurns, 
 
 41 
 
 ANO 
 
 digitus annularis, ^oMinger, G., . 
 ringmnger, because the ring is usually worn 
 upon it : also to various ligaments, and to 
 a portion of the cerebral organ formed by 
 a junction of the crura cerebri and cerebel- 
 li, on account of their figure : Exs. Liga- 
 mens annulaires, F., ligamenta annularia, 
 Ij., rtn^bander, G., annular ligaments, 
 as those of the wrist ; Protuberance annu- 
 laire, tuber annulare (pons "Varolii, die 
 Varolische briicke), annular protube- 
 rance of the brain. 
 
 ANNELIDES, s., in Zoology: the 1st 
 Class of the Articulata, in Cuvier's ar- 
 rangement, vers a sang rouge, F., the 
 
 only invertebral animals possessing red 
 blood, contains three Orders: Tubicolce, 
 Dorsibranchite, and Abranchial. Of the 
 genera belonging to these Orders, the in- 
 habitants of the Serpula and Sabella, the 
 Nereis and Aphrodita, Lumbricus and Hi- 
 rudo, afford respectively illustrations. 
 See Cuvier, Jtegne Animal, v. iii, p. 182, ; 
 Coulson's Blumenbach, p. xlvii. 
 
 ANNEXE, s. , appendix, f. L., an- 
 hang, ansatz, m. G., appendage : an acces- 
 sory part or organ. See ACCESSOIHE 
 
 In Anatomy, the appendages of the eye, 
 
 annexes de 1'oeil, are the eyelids, pau- 
 pieres, F., palpebrae, L.,_die augenlied- 
 er, G. ; and eye-brows, sourcils, superci- 
 lia, die augenbraunen : those of the 
 womb, de I'ute'rus, the broad ligaments, 
 ligamens larges, ligamenta lata, die 
 breiten mutterbander ; and the Fallopian 
 tubes, trompes, tubse Fallopii, die 
 muttertrompe. Geoffrey St. Hilaire also 
 gives the name of sternal appendages, an- 
 nexes sternales, to the superior and infe- 
 rior pieces (hyo and hypo sternal) of 
 the sternal bone. In Botany, the princi- 
 pal Appendages of plants fulcra, L., are, 
 the stipule, fioral leaf, thorn, prickle, ten- 
 dril, gland, and hairs. See STIPULE, 
 BRACTEE, EPINE, AIGUILLON, CIRRHE, 
 GLANDE, POIL. 
 
 ANNUEL, adj., annuus, L., einjah- 
 rig, G., annual. An annual, plante an- 
 nuelle, eine einj'dhrige pflanze, is a 
 plant which does not live beyond one 
 year. Sown in spring, it acquires perfect 
 development, during summer ; and, hav- 
 ing matured its seed, dies in autumn : 
 employed also as the specific designation 
 of certain plants : Ex. Capsicum annuum, 
 common Capsicum. 
 
 ANODYN, s. m. and adj., a'*Si/yy ( priv., 
 tdvtfi, pain), anodyne, pain-stilling: Ex. 
 
 <f>ag/u.uxit uvubuiia., remedes anodyns, F 
 
 anodyna, remedia anodyna, L., schmerx- 
 stillende mittel, G., anodyne remedies. 
 
 ANODYNIE, s. f., d>ca$ui/iu, anodynia, 
 indolentia, insensibilitas, f. L., schmerz- 
 losigkeit, gefuhllosigkeit, f. G., absence 
 of pain, insensibility.
 
 ANO 
 
 AKOIE, s. ,_ ( priv., va , mind), 
 anoia, imbecillitas, dementia, L., der 
 blodsinn, die verstandesschwache, ver- 
 standeslosigkeit, G., mindlessness, idio- 
 cy, imbeculity loss of intellect. 'Av- 
 onra;, void of understanding. 
 
 ANOLIS, s., roquet, in Zoology, a Sauri- 
 an Reptile, Anolis bullaris, Daud., Lacerta 
 bullaris, Linn., grey Lizard : inhabits the 
 West-Indian islands and adjacent conti- 
 nent ; and formerly celebrated for its anti- 
 cancerous properties. See Cloquet, Faune 
 des Medecins, voL i., p. 437- 
 
 ANOAIALACIE, s. f. ( priv., v'opos, rulej 
 x**<, I break through), anomalacia, f. 
 L. : in Botany, the title of the 25th and 
 last Class of Richard's system, correspond- 
 ing with the Polygamia, of Linnaeus. 
 
 ANOMALIE, s. f., ava/^aX/a (a priv., o- 
 paXos, equal), anomalia, f. L., anomalie, 
 ungleichmassigkeit, regelwidrigkeit, ab- 
 weichung von der regel, f. G., anomaly, 
 inequality, irregularity, exception, devia- 
 tion from rule. ANOMAL, adj., a.vup.a.\of, 
 anomalus, L., anomalisch, ungleich- 
 massig, regelwidrig, G., anomalous, irre- 
 gular: Ex. Symptome anomal, maladie ano- 
 tnale, F., an anomalous symptom, dis- 
 ease. In Botany, Tournefort calls ano- 
 malous, the flowers, fleurs anomales, F., 
 flores anomali, L., die anomalischen 
 blumen, G., which he could refer, as 
 those of the genera Viola and Utricularia, 
 to no determinate figure. 
 
 ANOMIE, s., pelure-d'-oignon : the shell 
 of an acephalous Mollusca (Ord., Testa- 
 cea ; Fam. Ostracece), Anomia ephippium, 
 Linn. : common on the shores of the Medi- 
 terranean, and British channel. This shell, 
 a toothless, inequivalve bivalve, is ex- 
 ceedingly delicate, and often as transpa- 
 rent as the peel of onion. The animal 
 named Echion, by Poll attaches itself to 
 submarine bodies, Crustacea, and shells, 
 frequently those of the oyster ; which lat- 
 ter it resembles in its edible properties. 
 Phosphorescent: and hence named eclair 
 (lightning) by the fishermen of Rochelle. 
 
 ANOMOCEPHALE, s. m. ( priv., opaf, 
 rule, xs^x, head), anomocephalus, m. 
 L. : the generic name under which Geof- 
 frey St. Hilaire comprehends all animals 
 with a mis-shapen head. 
 
 ANOMPHALE, s. m., and adj. ( priv., 
 i/ttfa.Xost navel), anomphalus, L., ohne 
 nahcl, G., anomphalous, without a navel. 
 
 ANOXES, ANONACEES, Anonaceae, L. : 
 a natural Family of dicotyledonous poly- 
 petalous plants, with hypogynous sta- 
 mens : fruit of many genera belonging to 
 it, as Annona, Custard-Apple, edible. 
 
 ANOPSIE, s. f. (a, priv., u$, eye), anop- 
 sia, caecitas, L., blindheit, , der man- 
 gel des gesichts, G., loss of sight. 
 
 ANORCIIIDE, adj. ( priv., i(%if, testi- 
 
 42 
 
 ANS 
 
 cle), anorchides, L.,- ohne hoden, G. A~ 
 norchus, L., #, substantively em- 
 ployed, according to Kraus, ein Mann 
 ohne hoden prive de testicules. 
 
 ANOREXIE, s. , avo^ia, ( priv., fyifyt, 
 appetite), anorexia, anorexis, f. L., a- 
 norexie, appetitlosigkeit, , der mangel an 
 esslust, G., anorexy, loss of appetite. A- 
 NORECTiuuE?,adj., anorecticus,L., mit 
 mangel an esslust behaftet, G. ; Anor- 
 ectus, adj., L., dvagix-ras, mangel an ess- 
 lust leidend, connected with suffering 
 from A norexy. 
 
 ANORGANOGENIE, s. f. ( priv., fyytvtoi, 
 organ, yinns, origin), anorganogenia, f. 
 L. : the study of the origin of inorganic 
 bodies; as minerals. ANORGANOGNOSIE, 
 
 S. f. (a, ogyavav, and yivuirx,u, I know), 
 anorganognosia, f. L., die kenntniss, 
 G., the science ANORGANOGRAPHIE, s. 
 (same, and ypuifu, I describe), anorgano- 
 graphia, f. L., die beschreibung, G., 
 the description ANORGAKOLOGIE, s. f. 
 (same, and xbyos, discourse), anorganolo- 
 gia, f. L., die lehre, the doctrine der un- 
 organischen naturkorper, of inorganic na- 
 tural bodies. 
 
 ANORMALIE, s. f. (ab, out of, norma, 
 rule), abnormitas, f. L., unregelmassig- 
 keit, f. G., irregularity, exception to the 
 common rule. AXORMAL, adj., abnor- 
 mis, unregelmassig, irregular. 
 
 ANOSMIE, s. (a, priv., <r^, smell), 
 anosmia, , odoratus defectus, m. L., 
 geruchlosigkeit, G., diminution or loss 
 of the sense of smell. Synonymous with 
 ANOSPHRESIE, s. f. (a, priv., <npg>i<n$, sense 
 of smell). 
 
 ANSERINE, s. , a Genus, in Botany, 
 Chenopodium (Pentandria, digyn. ; Che- 
 nopodeaj, der Gansefuss, G., Goose- 
 foot, containing numerous European and 
 exotic species : some of them employed in 
 Medicine and domestic economy. Among 
 the medicinal, are two European species, 
 Ch. botrys and vulvaria, botrys and 
 vulvaire, F. ; and two exotic, Ch. am- 
 brosio'ides, the" du Mexico, F., Mexican- 
 isches traubenkraut, G. ; and Ch. anthel- 
 minticum, A. anthelmintique, F., Mexi- 
 can and American Goosefoot : the last, as 
 its specific name indicates, vermifuge. The 
 leaves of several common species, such as 
 Ch. bonus Henricus, bon-Henri, F. Eng- 
 lish Mercury, are eaten as spinage. 
 
 ANSERINE, adj., anserinus (anser, a 
 goose), anserine. Pes anserinus : a term 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate the 
 ramification of the facial nerve, nerf fa- 
 cial, F., portio dura 7mi paris cerebri, L., 
 antlitznerve, G., after its passage 
 through the stylo-mastoid orifice, and e- 
 mergence from the parotid gland, upon 
 the cheek : in Medicine, to the condition 
 of the skin, peau anserine, F., goose- 
 skin, during the cold stage of fever.
 
 ANT 
 
 ANTACIDE, ANTI-ACIDE, s. m., and adj., 
 
 antacidus, antacidum, L., antacid : a 
 term applied to substances which possess 
 the property of neutralizing gastric acid: 
 Ex. Remedes antacides, F., antacida, L., 
 
 s'durewidriye s'duretilgende mittel, G., 
 antacid remedies. See ABSORB ANS. 
 
 ANTAGONISTS, s. m., and adj., Kirifyu- 
 Mfriis (eivTi, against, d / yani^t>, I strive), 
 antagonista, m., musculus alter! musculo, 
 in actione oppositus, L., gegenkampfer, 
 widerstreber, m. G., antagonist : a name 
 given to muscles opposed, in their action, 
 to other muscles. ANTAGOXISME, s. f., 
 a.ira.yuwr[t.tt., antagonismus, L/., and G., 
 der wechselkampfj G., the action of an- 
 tagonist muscles. 
 
 ANTALGIQUE, ANTI-ALGIQUE, adj., 
 (same, and aAyaj, pain), antalgicus, L., 
 schmerzstillend, G., antalgic : calculated 
 lo allay pain. Synonymous with ANODYN. 
 
 ANTAPHRODISIAQUE, ANTI-APHRODI- 
 SIAQ.UE, s. m., and adj. (same, and 'A<pgo- 
 J/TJ, Venus), antapnrodisiacus, L., ge- 
 gen den geschlechtstrieb wirkend, G., 
 antaphrodisiac : operating to repress the 
 sexual appetite. Syn. witn ANTAFHKODI- 
 TIQUE, antaphroditicus, antaphroditic. 
 
 ANTAPOPLECTIO.UE, ANTI-APOPJLEC- 
 TIQUE, adj. (same, and cL-roirXri^ia, apo- 
 plexy), antapoplecticus, L., useful in 
 the treatment or prevention of Apoplexy. 
 
 ANTARTHRITIQUE, ANTI-ARTHRI- 
 TIQUE, s. m., and adj. (same, and d^7ns, 
 a morbid affection of a joint, gout), ant- 
 arthriticus, L,., anti-arthritic: Ex. Reme- 
 des antar thritt ques, F., antarthriiica, L,., 
 
 die gichtmittel, mittel gegen die gicht, 
 G., remedies against gout. 
 
 ANTASTHMATIQUE, ANTI-ASTHMA- 
 TIQUE, s. m., and adj. (dirt, and 3.v6pu., 
 asthma), antasthmaticus, L.., anti-asth- 
 matic : Ex. llemedes antasthmatiques, F., 
 
 antasthmatica, L., die mittel gegen eng- 
 briistigkeit, G., remedies against asthma. 
 
 ANTATROPHIQUE, ANTI-ATROPHIQUE, 
 s. m., and adj. (same, a, priv. 3 rgaQv, nou- 
 rishment), antatrophicus, antatrnphus, 
 L.: Ex. Antalrophica,Ij., -die mittel gegen 
 die darrsucht, G., remedies against atro- 
 phy, or emaciation. 
 
 ANTEMETIQUE, ANTI-ESIETIQUE, s. m., 
 and adj. (same, and ipirixos, emetic), ant- 
 emeticus, L., anti-emetic : Ex. Anteme- 
 tica, L., die mittel gegen das erbrechen, 
 G., remedies against vomiting. 
 
 ANTEPHIALTIQUE, ANTI-EPHIAL- 
 
 TIQ.UE, s. m., and adj. (same, and i<pi<i).rns, 
 night-mare), - antephialticus, L., ante- 
 phialtic : Ex. Remedes contre le cauchmar, 
 F., antephialtica,!-,., die mittel gegen das 
 alpdriicken, G. } remedies against night- 
 
 , ANTI-EPILEPTIQTJE, 
 s. m., and adj. (same, and i^A^/a, epilep- 
 
 43 
 
 ANT 
 
 sy), antepilepticus, L,., anti-epileptic : 
 Ex. Remedes antepHeptiques, F., antepi- 
 leptica, L., die mittel gegen die fallsucht, 
 G., remedies against epilepsy. 
 
 ANTEVEHSION, s. f., anteversio, f. (ante, 
 before, vertere, to turn) L., anteversion : 
 that form of diplacement of the womb, in 
 which the fundus of the organ is directed 
 anteriorly, and the cervix, backwards. See 
 RETROVERSION. It ordinarily occurs 
 during pregnancy, before the 4th month, 
 and results from pressure exercised by the 
 viscera, or by inordinate contraction of the 
 abdominal muscles and diaphragm, on the 
 womb, in a capacious pelvis. 
 
 ANTHECTiaUE, ANTI-HECTiaUE, S. m., 
 
 and adj., anthecticus, L,., anti-hectic: Ex. 
 Remedes contre la fievre hectique, F., 
 anthectica, L., mittel gegen die schwind- 
 sucht, G., remedies against hectic fever, or 
 phthisis. 
 
 ANTHEUX, s. m., dvffi^, anthelix, 
 
 L., G., and E., dergegenbogen im aussern 
 ohre, G, the counter-curve in the exter- 
 nal ear : an eminence in the auricular car- 
 tilage, situated in front of the helix, and 
 extending from the concha to the groove 
 of the helix, where it terminates in a bi- 
 furcation. ANTEI,ITHAGIEN, s. m., and 
 adj., anthe"litragique, anthelitrageus, an- 
 titragicus, L., muskel der gegenecke, G.: 
 a small muscle of the external ear, extend- 
 ing from the cartilage, which supports the 
 antitragus, to the antihelix. 
 
 AJTTHELMINTIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (avri, against, X^/vj, a worm), anthelmin- 
 ticus, lj., anthelmintic : Ex. Anthelmin- 
 tica, L,., towrwimittel, n., die wurmwidrige 
 mittel, G., worm-medicines : remedies 
 against intestinal worms. See ANTI-SCO- 
 LiftUE, ANTI-VERMINEUX. 
 
 ANTHEMORRHAGIQUE, ANTI-HEMOR- 
 RHAGIUUE, adj. (same, and ulfioppayia, 
 hemorrhage), anthaemorrhagicus, L., 
 antihemorrhagic : a term applied to reme- 
 dies against hemorrhage. 
 
 ANTHERE, s. f. (u.v6ns, in full bloom),. 
 anthera, f. L., staubbeutel, m. G., an- 
 ther : in Botany, an essential part of the 
 stamen, or male organ, of phsenogamous 
 plants ; sometimes sessile, but usually 
 supported on a shaft the filament. See 
 ETAMINE. It consists, in most cases, of 
 two membranous cells which contain the 
 fecundating dust, or pollen, saamenstaub, 
 m. G. In some plants, however, it exhi- 
 bits only one, in others, it has four cells : 
 hence, the terms one , two , and four- 
 celled anther, anthera uni , bi , quad- 
 ri-locularis, L., ein , zwei , vier-f ach- 
 rige staubbeutel, G. Each cell is usually 
 marked with a longitudinal suture for the 
 escape of the pollen. In other cases, the 
 emission is accomplished simply by a pore, 
 situated either at the summit or base of
 
 ANT 
 
 the anther. AXTH^HAL, adj., antheral- 
 is, L., zum staubbeutel gehdrig, G., be- 
 longing to an anther. 
 
 ANTHOLOGIE, s. f., VaXy/a (!>/>{, a 
 flower, A.yj, a discourse, or xiy, I cull), 
 anthologia, f. L., anthologie, , die 
 blumenlehre oder blumenlese, G., antho- 
 logy, discourse upon or gathering of flow- 
 ers. ANTHOLOGICIUE, adj., anthologicus, 
 anthologisch, anthologicaL 
 
 ANTHORE, s. m. : in Botany, an Euro- 
 pean species of Aconitum, A. anthora, L,., 
 wholesome Wolfs-bane. See ACONIT. 
 
 ANTHRACINE, s. f. (Mg*%, carbuncle), 
 anthracina, f. L. : variete de cancer, F., 
 a variety of Cancer, characterized by 
 blackness of the degenerated structure, or 
 the presence of Melanosis. 
 
 ANTHRACOMETRE, s. m. (4|, carbon, 
 ftirgov, a measure), anthracometrum, n. 
 L., anthrakometer, n., kohlenstoffmesser, 
 m. G., anthracometer : in Chemistry, an 
 instrument employed to determine the 
 quantity of carbonic acid contained in a 
 mixture of several gases. 
 
 AXTHRACOSE, s. m. (v^|), anthraco- 
 sis, f., carbunculus oculi, m. L., augen- 
 carbunkel, augenbrand, augenliederbrand, 
 m. G., carbuncle of the eye or eyelids. 
 
 ANTHRAX. See CHARBON, CLOU, Fu- 
 BONCLE, JAVART. 
 
 ANTHRENE, s., in Zoology, a genus of 
 Coleopterous Insects, the Byrrhus, of 
 Linnaeus ; Anthrenus, of modern Entomo- 
 logists. Two species, Anthrene du bou- 
 cage, et destructeur, F., A. pimpinelke, 
 musceorum, L., commit great depreda- 
 tions, in the larva state, on cantharides, 
 castor, musk, and other dried animal sub- 
 stances, as zoological and anatomical pre- 
 parations. Sulphur and tobacco-fumi- 
 gations, and dressing with an alcoholic so- 
 lution of oxymuriate of quicksilver, are 
 the best remedies for the evil when exist- 
 ing ; perfect exclusion from air, its only 
 effectual preventive. 
 
 ANTHROPIATRIQUE, s. (av^wrof, man, 
 ixraixii, medicine), anthropiatrica, f. L., 
 anthropiatrik, menschenheilkunde, f. G., 
 human medicine : the art of treating human 
 diseases. Synonymous with ANTHROPO- 
 THERAPIE, s. f., F., and G., anthropothe- 
 rapia, L. (&v6^u-ras, and h^tt^rtiu, treat- 
 ment of a patient). 
 
 ANTHROPOCHIMIE, s. (same, and khi- 
 mia, Arab., chemistry), anthropochemia, 
 f. L., the chemistry of man, that part of 
 science which has for its object the know- 
 ledge of the results of chemical analysis of 
 the various structures of the human body. 
 
 ANTHROPOGENIE, S. , a.^eu-rayavia 
 
 (same, and ymaw, I procreate), anthro- 
 pogenia, L., die erzeugung des mens- 
 chen, G., the procreation of man. 
 ANTHROPOGRAPHIE, s. f. ( same, and 
 44 
 
 ANT 
 
 yjaipw, I describe), anthropographia, f,, 
 L anthropographie, f. G., anthropo- 
 graphy : according to Kraus, die beschrei- 
 bung naturgeschichte des mentchei, 
 die anatomische beschreibung des menschen- 
 korpers, G., the description natural his- 
 tory of man, description of the human 
 body : according to the older writers, the 
 whole mass of knowledge, constituting hu- 
 man anatomy and physiology ; to the 
 modern French, the exposition of those 
 peculiarities in the structure, and mode of 
 action, of the organs, which distinguish 
 man from the lower animals. ANTHRO- 
 POGRAPHE, ? s. m., anthropographus, m. 
 L., anthropograph, m., ein anatomischer 
 schriftsteller, ein lehrer der anatomie, G., 
 an anthropographer, an anatomical wri- 
 ter, a teacher of anatomy. ANTHROPO- 
 GRAPHIQUE, adj., anthropographicus, L., 
 anthropographisch, G., anthropogra- 
 phie : belonging to anihropography. 
 
 ANTHHOPO-MAGNETISME, s. m., an- 
 thropo-magnetismus, m. L., animal mag- 
 netism. 
 
 ANTHROPOMETRIE, s. (same, and ^i- 
 TV, a measure), anthropometria, L., 
 anthropometrie, , die messung die bes- 
 timmung der maassverhaltnisse der ein- 
 zelnen theile des menschlichen korpers, 
 G., anthropometry : the admeasurement, 
 determination of the proportions in size, 
 of the different parts of the human body. 
 ANTHROMETHIQUE, adj., anthropometri- 
 cus, L., anthropometrisch, die anthropo- 
 metrie betreffend, dazu gehorig, G., an- 
 thropometrical : concerning, or belonging 
 to, Anthropometrie. 
 
 ANTHROPOMORPHOLOGIE, s. f. f same, 
 po<t>)>, form, and xy{, discourse), anthro- 
 pomorphologia, f. L., die lehre von der 
 menscnengestaltung, G., the science of 
 the figure of the different parts of the hu- 
 man body. Synonymous with ANATOMIE. 
 ANTHROPOMORPHE, adj., anthropomor- 
 phus, menschengestalt habend, anthro- 
 pomorphous : possessing the humanfigure. 
 
 ANTHHOPONOSOLOGIE, s. f. (same, 
 vorof, a disease, and Xayo;, discourse), an- 
 throponosologia, f. L., anthroponosolo- 
 gie, f., die lehre von den krankheiten des 
 menschen, G., anthroponosology : doctrine 
 of the diseases of man. ANTHROPONOSO- 
 LOGISTE,? s. m., anthroponosologus, an- 
 throponosolog, anthroponosologist. AN- 
 
 THROPONOSOLOGIQUE, anthroponosolo- 
 
 gicus, -anthroponosologisch, anthropo- 
 
 nosological. 
 
 ANTHROPOPHAGIE, s. f. (same, and <p- 
 yw, I eat), anthropophagia, f. L., an- 
 thropophagie, , die menscnenfresserei,G., 
 feeding upon human flesh; the act of 
 cannibaUsm. ANTHROPOPHAGE, s. m., 
 
 and adj., anthropophagus, ein men- 
 
 schenfresscr ; menschenfressend, a man-
 
 ANT 
 
 eater ; devouring human flesh. See Ax* 
 
 DROPHAGE. 
 ANTHROPOSOMATOLOGIE,S.f. (civfyu-ros, 
 
 fapa,boAy, and Xoyo;, discourse), anthro- 
 posomatologia, f. L., die beschreibung des 
 menschlichen korpers, G., description of 'the 
 body of man. Syn. with ANATOMIE. 
 
 ANTHROPOSOPHIE, s. f. (same, and -<p/a, 
 knowledge), anthroposophia, f. L., an- 
 throposophie, f. G., science of the nature 
 of man. 
 
 ANTHROPOTOMIE, s. f. (same, and ripvu, 
 I cut), anthropotomia, f. JL., anthropo- 
 tomie, f., die xergliederung menschlicher lei- 
 chen, G., anthropotomy, the dissection of 
 human bodies. ANTHROPOTOMISTE, s. m., 
 
 anthropotomus, anthropotom, ein 
 
 menschenzergliederer, anthropotomist : 
 
 a dissector ofnuman bodies. ANTHROPO- 
 TOMIQUE, anthropotomicus, zu r men- 
 schenzergliederung gehorig, die menschen- 
 xergliederungskunde betreffend, belong- 
 ing to the dissection concerning the art 
 of dissection of the human body. See AN- 
 
 DRANATOMIE, ANDROTOMIE. 
 
 ANTHYPNOTIQUE, s. m., and adj. (>T/, 
 against, and iVva?, sleep), anthypnoticus, 
 L.: Ex. Remedes anthypnotiques, F., an- 
 thypnotica, L., mittel gegen den schlaf, 
 G., remedies against sleep. 
 
 ANTHYPOCHONDRIAQUE, ANTI-HYPO- 
 CHONDRIACIUE, s. m., and adj. (same, and 
 i/iroxofyiuxii;, hypochondriac), anthypo- 
 chondriacus, L. : Ex. Anthypochondriaca, 
 Li., mittel gegen die hypochondrie, G., 
 remedies against hypochondriasis. 
 
 ANTHYSTERIQUE, ANTIHYSTERIQUE, 
 s. m., and adj. (same, and i/rrtgixos, hyste- 
 rical) : Ex. Remedes anthysteriques, F., 
 anthysterica, Li., mittel gegen die hysterie, 
 G., anti-hysterical remedies. 
 
 ANTIADITE, s. f. (avr/aStj, tonsils), an- 
 tiaditis, f. L., mandelnentzundung, f. G., 
 inflammation des amygdales, F., of the 
 tonsils. See AMYGDALE, ANGINE. 
 
 ANTIADONCES, s. m. (vnSsj, and oy- 
 xas, tumour), antiadoncus, m. L., toneU- 
 len mandeln-geschwulst, f. G., gonfle- 
 ment des tonsilles, F., swelling of the 
 tonsils. See AMYGDALE. 
 
 ANTIBRACHIAL, ANTEBRACHIAL, adj., 
 antebrachialis, L. (antebrachium, the 
 fore-arm): Ex. Extremite" antebrachiale de 
 rhume'rus, F., antebrachial (ulnar) extre- 
 mity of the humerus. 
 
 ANTI-CACHECTIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (atri, xa^ti/'a, cachexy, bad habit of 
 body), anticachecticus, L., antikachek- 
 tisch, G., anti-cachectic. 
 
 ANTI-CACOCHYMIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and xa.x.o^u/j,'ia,, a bad state of the 
 hu mours), anticacochy micus, L., anti- 
 cacochymic. 
 
 ANTI-CARCINOMATEUX, s. m., and adj. 
 (samr, and xajx/v*)^*, cancer), anticarci- 
 
 45 
 
 ANT 
 
 nomatosus, L., anti-carcinomatous : Ex. 
 Anticarcinomatosa, L., mittel gegen den 
 Icrebsgeschw'ur, G., remedies against carci- 
 noma. Of like signification is the French 
 term, ANTI-CANCEREUX, adj., anticance- 
 rosus, L,., anti-cancerous. 
 
 ANTICARDE, s. m. (VT<, before, *|S/a, 
 the heart), scrobicule du co2ur, F., 
 anticardium, n., scrobiculus cordis, m. L.., 
 herzgrube, f. G., the preecordial region. 
 
 ANTI-CATAHRHAL, s. m., and adj. (vn, 
 against, xardfpoos, catarrh), anticatarrh- 
 alis, L., anti-catarrhal : Ex. Anticatar- 
 rhalia, 1 1., mittel gegen katarrh, G. } re- 
 medies against catarrh. 
 
 ANTI-CAUSOTIQUE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and xavfts, ardent fever), anticausoticus, 
 L.: Ex. Remedes anticausotiques, F., An- 
 ticausotica, L., mittel gegen das brennfie- 
 ber, G., ^remedies against ardent fever. 
 
 ANTI-COLIQUE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and KU^IKOS, subject to colic), anticolicus, 
 L., anti-colic : Ex. Anticolica, L., mittel 
 gegen Koliken, G., remedies against colic. 
 
 ANTI-DARTREUX. See ANTI-HERPE- 
 TIQUE. 
 
 ANTI-DIARRHEIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and S<a^s<w, I flow through), anti- 
 diarrheicus, L. : Ex. Antidiarrheica, L., 
 remedies against diarrhoea. 
 
 ANTI-DINIQUE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and 3rs(, vertigo), antidinicus, L., anti- 
 vertiginous: Ex. Remedes antidiniques, 
 F., Antidinica, L., mittel gegen den 
 schwindel, G., remedies against vertigo. 
 
 ANTIDOTE, s. m., avT/Sorov (same, and 
 Sftapi, I give), antidoton, antidotum, n. 
 L., antidot, gegengift, n. G., antidote, 
 counter-poison : a remedy administered 
 with the view of preventing, or rendering 
 innoxious, the operation of poisons, whether 
 internally or externally applied. Strictly 
 speaking, there is no real antidote. Those 
 
 agents, ipa^axa auri'SoTo., antidota, L.., 
 
 gegenmittel, G., will be found most effec- 
 tual which most promptly evacuate the 
 deleterious substance ; or, combining che- 
 mically with it, render it inert. ANTI- 
 DOTAIRE, s. m., recueil des antidotes, an- 
 tidotarium, n. L., ein aufzahlung von 
 gegenmitteln, G., a collection of antidotes. 
 
 ANTI-DYSENTERIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and ^vfivTi^a, dysenteiy), antidy- 
 sentericus, L., anti-dysenteric: Ex. Re- 
 medes anti-dysenleriques, F., antidysen- 
 terica, L., rwArmittel, mittel gegen die 
 ruhr, G., remedies against dysentery. 
 
 ANTI-FEBRILE. Synonymous with AN- 
 
 TI-PYHETIQUE. 
 
 ANTI-GALACTIQUE, s. m., and adj. (T/, 
 and yx, milk), antigalacticus, L. : 
 Ex. Remedes anti-galactiques, F., antiga- 
 lactica, L., remedies against the secretion 
 of milk. 
 
 AXTI-GALEUX. See ANTI-PSORIQUE.
 
 ANT 
 
 AHTI-GOCTTEUX. See AXTARTHRI- 
 TIQUE. 
 
 ANTI-HEMORRHOIDAI,, s. m., and adj. 
 (dy-ri, aipeppoftss, hemorrhoids), anti-he- 
 morrhoidalis, L,., anti-hemorrhoidal : o- 
 perating against the piles. 
 
 AJTTI-HERPETIQUE, s. m.,and adj. (same, 
 and 'it>vvs, herpes), antiherpeticus, L,., 
 anti-herpetic: Ex. Remedes contre les dar- 
 tres, F., antiherpetica, L., remedies a- 
 
 s. m., and adj. 
 (same, v'Swf, water, and <po <>s, dread), an- 
 tihydrophobicus, L., anti-hydrophobic : 
 operating against hydrophobia or rabies. 
 Synonymous with ANTI-LYSSE, antilys- 
 sus, Ii. (same, and Xuavo, rabies). 
 
 ANTJ-HYDUOPIQUE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and t>'$fwt^, dropsy), anthydropicus, L., 
 anti-dropsical : Ex. Remedes anti-hydro- 
 piques, F , anlhydropica, L., rm\\,Q\ gegen 
 wassersucht, G., remedies against dropsy. 
 
 ANTI-ICTERIQUE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and "xTt^e;, jaundice), antictericus, L., 
 anti-icteric : operating against jaundice. 
 
 ANTI-LAITEUX, s. m., and adj., anti- 
 lacteus, L. Syn with ANTI-GALACTNIUE. 
 
 ANTILOBE, s. m., avr/Xo&sv ? antilo- 
 bium, n., pars auris contra posita Xagf , L,., 
 anti-lobe : the eminence (tragus) of the 
 external ear, placed opposite to the lobe. 
 
 ANTI-LOI'MICIUE, s. m., and adj. ('VT/, 
 against, Xoifios, the plague), antiloimicus, 
 I,., pestwidrig, G. : Ex. Antiloimica, L,., 
 pestmittel, mittel gegen die pest, G., 
 remedies against the plague. 
 
 ANTILOPE, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 (Mammalia, Bisulca, Bl. ; Mammiferes, 
 Ruminants, Cuv.), Antilope, f. G., Ante- 
 lope, containing many species, two of 
 them, European. The horns of one spe- 
 cies, A. saiga, an inhabitant of south Po- 
 land and Russia, resemble tortoise-shell, 
 and are employed in the construction of 
 surgical instruments. Another, A. leu- 
 coryx, gazella, Lin., the real oryx of the 
 ancients, Algazel, F., so frequently 
 furnishes the once celebrated substance, 
 Sezoar, as to have acquired the title of 
 Gazelle du bezoard : although the produc- 
 tion is common to all the goats and ga- 
 zelles of the African and Asiatic moun- 
 tains. See BEZOARD. The flesh of the 
 various species of Antelope constitutes a 
 nutritious and digestible article of diet. 
 See Faune des Medecins, vol. i., p. 484. 
 
 ANTI-MELAHCHOLIQTTE, s. m., and adj. 
 (*VT), and ^sXay^aX/a, melancholy), an- 
 
 timelancholicus, L., anti-melancholic : 
 
 operating against melancholy. 
 
 ANTIMONANE. See CHLORTTRE D' AK- 
 TIMOINE. 
 
 ANTIMONIATE, s. m., antimonias, m. 
 L., antimoniate : a salt formed by the 
 combination of antimonic acid with a salifi- 
 
 46 
 
 ANT 
 
 able base. AKTIMONITE, antimonis, 
 L., antimonite : the combination of anti- 
 monious acid with such a base. 
 
 AKTIMOINE, s. m., Antimonium, Sti- 
 bium, n., L., Antimon, Spiessglanz, 
 
 Spiessgknzmetall, n. G., Antimony : a 
 soh'd metal, commonly found in combina- 
 tion with sulphur, and then forming Sul- 
 phuret of Antimony, iv/^/? Sulphure 
 d'Antimoine, F., Sulphuretum Antimonii, 
 "L,., sch warzes sdiweic\tpiessfftanz, schwe- 
 felantimon, G., usually called crude An- 
 timony, Antimonium crudum,L., roher 
 spiessglanz, G., to distinguish it from the 
 pure metal, which rarely exists in nature. 
 Antimony is capable of uniting with oxy- 
 gen in three definite proportions, accord- 
 ing to Berzelius, four, according to Ure. 
 ANTIMONIEUX, adj., antimoniosus, L,., 
 antimonious : Acide antimonieux, F. : the 
 term applied to the deutoxide of Antimo- 
 ny, of Berzelius, and to the tritoxide, of 
 Ure : as ANTIMONIQUE, adj. (Acide anti- 
 monique, acidum antimonicum, L., anti- 
 monic acid), to the peroxide of both che- 
 mists. See Ure's Chem. Dictionary, Art. 
 Antimony; and Schwartze, Pharmakol. 
 Tabellen, v. ii., p. 146. 
 
 The principal French and German Offi- 
 cinal Preparations: a While Oxide, Oxidum 
 Stibii album, P. Pharm., Weisses Spiess- 
 glanzoxyd, Schweisstreibender Spiess- 
 glanz (Ant. diaphoreticum), G. ; a James* 
 Powder, pulvis de Phosphate Calcis et Sti- 
 bio compositus, P. Ph., Jamespulver, 
 Jakob's fiebervertreibendes pulver, G. ; a 
 Tariarized Antimony, Tartras Potassse Sti- 
 biatus, P. Ph., Brechweinstein, Spiess- 
 glanz wein stein, Spiessglanzhaltiges wein- 
 steinsaures Kali, G. ; a Wine, Vinum e- 
 meticum, stibiatum, P. Ph., Huxham's 
 Spiessglanzwein, G. ; and a Red and Yel- 
 low Hydrosulphuret, Hydrosulfuretum ru- 
 brum Stibii sulfurati, P. Ph., Braunro- 
 ther Spiessglanzschwefel, (Kermes mine'- 
 rale, F.,) G., and Hvdrosulf'uretum lute- 
 urn Oxidi Stibii Sulfurati, P. PA.,_Gold- 
 farbener Spiessglanzschwefel, (Sulphur 
 Antimonii auratum) G. See OXYD, Poir- 
 DRE, TARTRATE, VIN, HYDROSUI.FATE. 
 Antimonialia, L.., spiess^/an^mittel, G., 
 antimonial remedies. 
 
 ANTi-NEFHRETiauE, s. m., and adj. 
 (tivrt, against, vup^m, disease of the kid- 
 ney), antinephriticus, L., anti-nephri- 
 tic : Ex. Anlinephritica, L., mittel gegen 
 nierenentzundung, gegen nierenkrankhei- 
 ten, G., remedies against inflammation, 
 against diseases, of the kidney. 
 
 ANTI-ODONTALGIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and oSvraXy/, tooth-ach), antio- 
 dontalgicus, L., gegen zahnschmerz wir- 
 kend, G., anti-odontalgic : calculated to 
 relieve tooth-ach. 
 
 ANT I-P ARAL YTIQTJE, s. m., and adj.
 
 ANT 
 
 (v<r), and 
 
 s, palsy), antiparaly- 
 
 v<r, an xa.vffts, pasy, anparay- 
 ticus, L., antiparalytiscli, G., anti-pa- 
 ralytic. 
 
 ANTIPATHIE, s. f., Av<rnea.hi (same, 
 and vafas, affection), antipathia, aversio, 
 f. L., widerwille, m., antipathie, f. G., 
 antipathy, aversion : an affection referred 
 to Class i, Order iv, of Copland's arrange- 
 ment ; and defined by him as an " Intern- 
 al horror and distress on the perception of 
 particular objects, with great restlessness, 
 or with fainting." See Diction, of Pract. 
 Medicine, p. 70. ANTIPATHIQUE, adj., 
 aynvatltis, antipatheticus, antipathisch, 
 zur antipathic gehorig, belonging (or re- 
 lating) to antipathy. 
 
 ANTI-PESTILENTIEL, s. m., and adj., 
 anti-pestilential. Synon. with ANTI-LOI- 
 
 MIQUE. 
 
 ANTI-PHARMAQUE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and tpoigpaxov, poison), antipharmacum, n. 
 L. gegengift, n. G., a counter-poison : 
 Ex. Antipharmaca, I.. remedes conlre les 
 poisons, F., gegengifte, G., remedies a- 
 gainst poison. See ALEXIPHARMAQUE, 
 ANTIDOTE. 
 
 ANTI-PHLOGISTIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and pxeya/avj, inflammation), anti- 
 phlogisticus, L., anti-phlogistic: Ex. An- 
 tiphlogistica, L., antiphlogistische mittel, 
 G., anti-inflammatory remedies. 
 
 ANTI-PHTHISIQUE, s.m., and adj. (same, 
 and <pt>itris, phthisis), anti-phthisicus, .L., 
 anti-phthisical: Ex. Antiphthisica, L., re- 
 medes contre la phthisic, F., mittel gegen 
 Schwindisucht, G., remedies against phthis- 
 is. 
 
 ANTI-PLEURETIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and vt-tv^ris, pleurisy), antipleu- 
 riticus, L., anti-pleuritic : Ex. Antipleuri- 
 tica, L., mittel gegen Pleuritis, G., re- 
 medies against pleurisy. 
 
 ANTI-PODAGRIQUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and oraSay^a, gout in the foot), an- 
 tipodagricus, L. : Ex. Antipodagrica, L 
 mittel gegen das Podagra, G., anti-poda- 
 gric remedies. See ANTI-ARTHRITIQ.UE. 
 
 ANTI-PROSTATA, s. f. ('v<ri, before, 
 prostata, the prostate): a term applied, by 
 Littre, to a follicle with numerous excre- 
 tory ducts opening into the urethra. The 
 name, anti-prostate, glandulae anti-pros- 
 tate, has since been conferred upon Cow- 
 per's glands. See ACCESSOIRE. 
 
 ANTI-PSORIOUE, s. m., and adj. (v<ri, a- 
 gainst, ^U^K, itch), antipsoricus, L.: Ex. 
 Antij.sorica, remedes contre la gale, F., 
 mittel gsgen die Kr'dtze, G., remedies a- 
 gainst itch. Syn. with ANTI-GAI.EUX. 
 
 ANTI-PUTRIDE, s. m., and adj., anti- 
 putridinosus, L., faulnisswidrig, G., . 
 anti-putrid. 
 
 ANTI-PYICIUE, s. m., and adj. (same, and 
 vruav, pus), antipyicus, L., anti-puru- 
 lent : Ex. Remedes antl-pyiques, F., anti- 
 
 47 
 
 ANT 
 
 pyica, L., mittel gegen eiterung, G., re- 
 medies calculated to avert or diminish sup- 
 puration. 
 
 ANTI-PYRETKIUE, s. m., and adj. (xvri, 
 and ffufiros, fever), antipyreticus, L., 
 fieberwidrig, G., anti-febrile, febrifuge : 
 Ex. Antipyretica, febrifuga, L., fieber- 
 mittel, mittel gegen fieber, G., ^fever- 
 medicines. See ANTI-FEBRILE. 
 
 ANTI-PYROTIQTJE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and ?ryj,fire), antipyroticus,L,., anti-py- 
 rotic : Ex. Antipyrotica, L,., mittel gegen 
 Verbrennungen, G., remedies for burns. 
 
 ANTI-SCOLIQTJE, s. m., and adj. (same, 
 and ffnu^nl, worm). See ANTI-VERMI- 
 NEUX. 
 
 ANTI-SCORBUTIQTTE, s. m., and adj., 
 antiscorbuticus, L., anti-scorbutic : Ex. 
 Remedes contre le scorbut, F., antiscorbu- 
 tica, L,., mittel gegen den Scorbut, G., 
 remedies against scorbutus or scurvy. 
 
 ANTI-SCROFULEUX,Or SCROPHULEUX, 
 
 s. m., and adj., antiscrofulosus, antistru- 
 
 mosus, L., anti-scrofulous, anti-stru- 
 
 mous: Ex. Antiscrofulosa, L.., remedes 
 contre les scrofules, F., Scrofelnmittel, 
 mittel gegen die Scrofeln, G., remedies 
 against Scrofula. 
 
 ANTI-SEPTIQUE, s. m., and adj. (av<r/, 
 against, wrroj, putrid), antisepticus, L., 
 antiseptisch, G., anti-septic: Ex. An- 
 tiseplica, L., -f'dulnisswidrige mittel, G., 
 anti-septic, anti-putrid remedies. 
 
 ANTI-SPASMODICIUE, s. m., and adj. 
 (same, and ffifa.o'p.os, spasm), antispasmo- 
 dicus, L., krampfstillend, G., anti-spas- 
 modic. Of like meaning, in its general 
 acceptation, is ANTI-SPASTIQUE, anti- 
 spasticus, L. (ut<ri, and a-xa.<ris, convul- 
 sion). 
 
 ANTI-STERNUM, s. m., avr'nrn^an, 
 antisternum, n. L., der dem brustbein 
 gegenubers'ehende theile des riickgrats, G., 
 the dorsal region, situated opposite to the 
 sternum, or breast-bone. 
 
 ANTI-SYPHILITIQTTE, ANTI-SIPHYLI- 
 TIQUE, s. m , and adj., antisyphiliticus, 
 L., antisyphilitisch, G., anti-syphilitic, 
 calculated to remove Syphilis: a term obvi- 
 ously more correct than ANTI-VENE'RIEV, 
 adj., antivenereus, L., anti-venereal, 
 synonymous with it. 
 
 ANTI-THENAR, s. m., antithenar, L. : 
 a name applied, by Winslow, to a portion 
 of the Adductor muscle of the thumb ; 
 which is then distinguished as the Semi-in- 
 terosseus Pollicis, L., der halbe zwischen- 
 
 knochenmuskel des daumens, G. ; and 
 
 to the Flexor poll, brevis, Gegenklopfer. 
 
 ANTI-TRAGUS, (a><ri, over against, *- 
 yos, the tragus) antitragus, m. L., gegen- 
 bock, m. G. : an eminence of the ex- 
 ternal ear, situated opposite to, and a little 
 
 below, the Tragus. ANTI-TRAGIEN, adj., 
 
 antitrageus, L., situd sur 1' anli-tragus, F.
 
 AOR 
 
 ANTI-VARIOLICIUE, s. m., and adj. (*), 
 against, and variola, small-pox), antiva- 
 nolosus,L., anti-variolous: Ex. Reme- 
 des anli-varioliques, F., antivariolosa, L , 
 mittel gegen die blattern, G., remedies 
 against small-pox. 
 
 ANTI-VERMICULAIRE, ANTI-VERMI- 
 NEUX, s. m., and adj. : miserable com- 
 pounds of the Greek aWi, and Latin, ver- 
 mis, a worm, antiverminosus, L,. : Syno- 
 nymous with ANTI-SCOLIQUE, ANTHEL- 
 MINTIQUE. 
 
 ANTI-VEROLIQUE. Synonymous with 
 
 ANTISYPHILITIftUE. 
 
 ANTODONTALGIGUE, ANTODONTIQUE. 
 Syn. with ANTI-ODONTALGIQUE. 
 
 ANTI-ZYMIQUE, s. m., and adj. (T/, 
 and fyf"i) leaven), antizymicus, L., cal- 
 culated to prevent fermentation. 
 
 ANTRE, s. m , a.vryn, antrum, n. L., 
 hohle, G., cavern : in Anatomy, a ca- 
 vity deeply situated in the substance of a 
 bone; as \antre d'Highmore, F., antrum 
 Highmorianum, L., die grosse schleim- 
 hohle des oberkeifers, G., great cavern 
 (antrum) of the superior maxillary bone. 
 
 ANUS, s. m., f-i;y>), rgax.Tii, amis, po- 
 dex, m. L., after, hintere, m. G. : the cir- 
 cular orifice situated at the lower extre- 
 mity of the rectum, das ausserste des 
 mastdarms, G., by which the residue of 
 the alimentary mass is expelled. French 
 writers term the external opening which 
 sometimes results from wound of the low- 
 er bowel, or from gangrene, consequent 
 upon strangulated hernia, and affords is- 
 sue to the faeces, Anus accidentel, anor- 
 mal ; that which is made by the Surgeon, 
 in cases of imperforation or deficiency of 
 the rectum, Anus artificiel. ANAL, adj., 
 analis, L., anal : belonging to the Anus. 
 
 ANXIETE, s. f. See ADEMONIE. 
 
 ANXIS, s. m. (Hy^u, I strangulate), 
 constrictio, L., einklemmung, beklem- 
 mung, G., constriction. 
 
 AOCHLESIE, s. , d/>x\rnr'ta, aochlesia, 
 tranquillitas, f. L., ein ruhige, kummer- 
 lose zustand, G., a state of rest. 
 
 AORTE, s. , aagrti, aorta, f. L., aor- 
 ta, die grosse pulsader, schlagader, G. : 
 the large artery which emerges from the 
 left hence called aortic ventricle of the 
 heart, about the level of the 5th dorsal 
 vertebra ; and, having made a curve to- 
 wards the left, descends along the spine ; 
 and, opposite the 4th or 5th lumbar ver- 
 tebra, bifurcates to form the two common 
 iliacs. In this course, the Aorta is dis- 
 tinguished into two portions, the thoracic, 
 aorte thoracique, and abdominal, ab- 
 dominale, F., aorta thoracica, abdomi- 
 nalis, L.., brustaor/a, unterleibes-aorta, 
 G., 1 determined by the point at which 
 the vessel passes through the aortic open- 
 ing, ouverture aortique, F., hiatus aorti- 
 48 
 
 APE 
 
 cus, I..., of the diaphragm. AORTIQUE, 
 adj., aorticus, L., aortic : belonging to, 
 or arising from, the Aorta. 
 
 AORTEVRISME, s. m., aorteurysma, n. 
 L., die aortenweitung, krankhafte er- 
 weiterung der aorta, G., aortic aneurism, 
 morbid dilatation of the Aorta. 
 
 AORTITE, s. m., aortitis, f. L., die 
 aortewentzimdung, G., inflammation of 
 the Aorta. 
 
 APALLAGE,S. , assraXXayw (aiira.\\u.<rffu, 
 I deliver), appallage, L., befreiung, , 
 die genesung von eine schweren krankheit, 
 G., recovery from severe disease ; pas- 
 sage d'une maladie a la saute", F. 
 
 APANTHROPIE, s. f., aorav^a-t/a, a- 
 panthropia, f. L., triibsinn mit mensch- 
 enscheu, G., melancholy, with dread of 
 man, and propensity to live in solitude. 
 APANTHROPIQUE, adj., a.xu.vfyuirot : a 
 term applied to one who shuns mankind. 
 
 APARTHROSE, s. f. (a^ra^aw, I muti- 
 late), aparthrosis, f. L.., abgliederung, 
 , abnahme der glieder in den gelenken, 
 G., amputation of limbs at the joints. 
 
 APATHIE, S. , dx-afaia (a priv., tra^af, 
 affection), apathia, insensibilitas, f. L., 
 die apathie, gefiihllosigkeit, unempfind- 
 lichkeit, f. G., apathy, insensibility, pro- 
 found indifference. APATHIQUE, adj., 
 avaJtis, apathicus, apathisch, gefiihllos, 
 ohne leidenschaft, apathetic, insensible, 
 void of emotion. 
 
 APECHEME, s. m., asr^^o, contrc- 
 coup, m., contre-fissure, f. F., apechema, 
 contra-fissura, f. L., gegenbruch, m., der 
 gegenspalt in einem verletzten knochen, 
 G., contre-coup : the counter-fissure in an 
 injured bone. 
 
 APELLE, s. m., Xs/a-aSi^a;, apella, m. 
 L.., beschnittener, ein mensch ohne vor- 
 haut,G., is cujus prapulium est absdssum. 
 Sic etiam dicitur (homme, dans lequel le 
 prepuce est trop court pour couvrir le gland, 
 F.), cujus proeputium ita contractum est ut 
 glandem tegere nequeat, L. 
 
 APEPSIE, s. , un-i^ia, (a priv., -rtyis, 
 digestion), apepsia, f. L,., apepsie, f. G., 
 indigestion. APEPTIQUE, adj., apep- 
 ticus, L., apeptic: suffering from indiges- 
 tion. "Avirns, apeptus, L., ungekocht, 
 unverdaut, unreif, unverdanlich, G., un- 
 cooked, undigested, unripe, indigestible. 
 
 APERITIF, s. m., and adj., aperitivus, 
 aperiens (aperire, to open), L., offhend, 
 abfiihrend, G., aperitive, aperient: Ex. 
 Remedes aperitives, F., aperientia, L,., 
 o/phwft#*mittel, G., aperient remedies. 
 
 APETALE, adj., (a priv.. -riraKcv, a pe- 
 tal), apetalus, L.., ohne blumenkronen- 
 blatter, G., apetalous, without petals : 
 an epithet applied to plants which are 
 destitute of a corolla, and, consequently, of 
 petals ; as the Common Mulberry, Martu 
 nigra.
 
 APH 
 
 APHAGIT:, s. f. ( priv., 0ay, I eat), 
 aphagia, f. L,., aphagie, f., das unvermo- 
 yen zu schlucken zu essen, G., inability 
 to swallow, to take food. 
 
 APHKRESE, s. f., atpa't^ffi;, aphaeresis, 
 f. L., wegnahme, f. G., removal : das 
 weg oder abnehmen eines iiberfliissigen 
 oder verdorbenen theils, G., the removal 
 (by surgical operation) of a superfluous or 
 injured part. 
 
 AriIIT,ANTHROriE, S. f. (a, priv., fiXav- 
 
 0/uf!a, love of mankind), aphilanthropia, 
 f. L. Nearly syn. with APANTHROPIE. 
 
 APHONIE, S. , aQuvla, (a, priv., Qavtl, 
 
 voice), aphonia, f. L., aphonie, stiinm- 
 losigkeit, f. G., loss of voice. APHONE, ? 
 adj., &QUVOS, aphonus, stimmlos, laut- 
 los, voiceless : suffering from Aphonia. 
 
 APHORISME, s. m., ip<(7/*oj, aphoris- 
 mus, m. Ij., aphorism, G. and E. : a sen- 
 tence, or general maxim, enunciated in 
 few words : Ex. Les Aphorismes d'Hippo- 
 crate, F., 'ififoxgurovi ' A<po/>ifft,oi, Hip- 
 pocratis Aphorismi, L., the Aphorisms of 
 Hippocrates. APHORISTIQUE, adj., d<po- 
 
 ^iffrix.e;, aphoristicus, aphoristisch, a- 
 
 phoristic, exhibiting the characters of a- 
 phorism : Ex. Style aphorislique, F., an 
 aphoristic concentrated, concise style of 
 literary composition. 
 
 APHRODISIAQUE, s. m.,and adj., K<pg/>Si- 
 <ria,xos (' ApgaS.Vx, Venus), aphrodisiacus, 
 L., aphrodisiac : Ex. Aphrodisiaca, L., 
 xum beischlaf reizende mittel, G., sunt 
 remedia, quae ad venerem incitant. 
 
 APHRODISIASME, s. m., dQg/dnriaffiof 
 (same), aphrodisiasmus, m. Il, liebes- 
 genuss, m. G, acte venerien, F., t^ya. 
 "A^aS/Tjjf, congressus venereus, actus co- 
 pulationis, L. APHRODITIQUE, ? adj., 
 d.<f^oViirios, aphrodisius, aphroditicus, 
 zur physischen Hebe und deren genuss ge- 
 horig, G., aphroditic: pertaining to physi- 
 cal love and its enjoyment : Exs. Morbus 
 aphrodisius, syphilis, L., lustseuche, f. 
 G. ; Phrenitis aphrodisia, erotomania, f. L., 
 liebeswuth, f., verliebter wahnsinn, G., 
 amor, insanus ardensque, et coeundi desi- 
 derium. 
 
 APHROSYNE, s. f., a^o<ruv (a priv., 
 $griv, mind), aphrosyne, f. I;., unver- 
 nunft, f., wahnsinn, m., irrereden, n. G., 
 loss of reason, mental derangement. 
 
 APHTHE APHTHES, s. , a$9-ai, pi., 
 aphtha ae, f. L., aphthe aphthen, pi. 
 f'asch,n.,mehlhund, m., mundschwamm- 
 chen, f. pi., mundsohr, mundsohre, G., 
 thrush: a small, whitish, superficial ulcer, 
 or ulcers, appearing on the internal mem- 
 brane of the mouth, sometimes of the 
 pharynx and oesophagus, and even the 
 stomach and bowels. APHTHEUX, adj., 
 aphthosus, L., aphthous: relative to,or 
 complicated with, Aphtha. 
 
 APHYLLE, adj., a^t/xxa? ( priv., $v\- 
 
 49 
 
 APO 
 
 xv, a leaf), aphyllus, L., blattlos, G., 
 leafless : a tenn, in Botany, applied to the 
 stems of certain plants without leaves? 
 ohne blatter, G., as those of Salicornia ; 
 and to the corolla of others which, like Z,t- 
 lium, are destitute of a calyx, ohne 
 kelchblatter, without calyx-leaves. 
 
 APILEPSIE, s. , apilepsis, L. Sy- 
 nonymous with APOPLEXIE. 
 
 APLESTIE, s. , a^Xxa-r/a, voracitas 
 insatiabilis, L. See ADDEPHAGIE. 
 
 APNEE, S. , a.<rvoia. (a, priv., -Xvita, I 
 
 respire), apnrea, f. L., athemlosigkeit, 
 erstickung, f. G., loss of breath, suffoca- 
 tion. Synonymous with APNEUSTIE, s. 
 , aa-vsuo-r/a, apneustia, f. L., similar- 
 ly derived; and with ASPHYXIE. "Aieno- 
 tr-ro;, adj., apneustus, apnoicus, athem- 
 los, breathless : suffering from Apncea. 
 
 APNEOLOGIE, s. f. (a^rm/o, and Xayj, 
 discourse), apneologia, f. L., treatise on 
 the different species of Apncea. 
 
 APNOESPHYXIE, s. f. ( priv., titm, re- 
 spiration, ffQv&s, pulse), mors apparens, 
 L., suspension de la respiration et du 
 pouls, F., ein scheintod mit athem und 
 pulslosigkeit, G., apparent death, with 
 cessation of respiration and pulse. Asphyx- 
 ia, according to Swediaur. 
 
 APOCATHARSIE, s. , a.xoxa.tla.<ris, a- 
 pocatharsis, f. L., die vb'llige reinigung, 
 besonders des darmkanals, G., complete 
 expurgation, especially of the bowels. A- 
 
 POCATHARTIdUE, adj., dvroxa.0a.grixos, a- 
 
 pocatharticus, vollkommen reinigend. 
 
 APOCEXOSE, s. , dvoxivuins, apoce- 
 nosis, Ij., entleerung, f. G., evacua- 
 tion : APOCENOSES : a term applied to the 
 Order of Morbid Fluxes, in the Class Loca- 
 les, of Cullen. 
 
 APOCOPE, s. , x-roxavrri (dvo, from, xo#- 
 ru, I cut), abscission, F., apocope, extir- 
 patio, f. L., wegschneiden, n., ablosung, 
 G., abscission, extirpation, amputation. 
 
 APOCYESIE, s. , dvoxvtitrt;, apocye- 
 sis, parturitio, f. L., gebaren, n., geburt, 
 f. G., parturition, bringing forth young. 
 
 APODE, adj. (a. priv., *<>?, foot), a- 
 podes, pede privatus, L., fusslos, G., 
 apodal, footless : a term applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to animals destitute of feet, from 
 original defect of structure, perhaps, 
 from mutilation ? in Zoology, to animals 
 naturally footless. Thus the larvae of dip- 
 terous insects, as the blow-fly, and those 
 of many of the Hymenoptera, as the bee 
 and wasp, and the whole Order of Ophidi- 
 an reptiles (serpents) are strictly apodal. 
 The 3rd Order of Fishes (1st Osseous), of 
 Linnaeus, and the 4th (3rd of the soft-fin- 
 ned), of Cuvier, are also, from the absence 
 of ventral fins, designated Apodes: Ex. 
 Common Eel. See ABDOMINAI. 
 
 APOGALACTISME, s. m., dxeya.>.ttx,<ri<r- 
 (t.1; (*, from, yaXo, milk), apogalactis- 
 
 E
 
 APO 
 
 mus, m. L., sevrage, m. F., die ent- 
 wohnung von der mutterbrust, G., the 
 act of weaning, removal from the mother's 
 breast. See ABLACTATION. 
 
 APOHYAL, s. m. : a name given, by 
 Geoff'roy-St.-Hilaire, to the first pieces 
 of the anterior, or styloid, conma of the 
 hyoidbone. See Philosoph. Anat., pi. 3 4. 
 
 APONEVROGRAPHIE, s. f. (atroviu^ufis, a- 
 poneurosis, ygaQiu, I describe), aponeu- 
 rographia, f. L., description of the aponeu- 
 roses or fascia* APONEVROLOGIE, s. f. 
 (same, and Xoyas,), aponeurologia, fl L., 
 and APONEVROTOMIE, s. f. (same, and 
 rtfi.w, I cut), aponeurotomia, f. I,., re- 
 spectively signify a treatise upon, and dis- 
 section of j the fascia. 
 
 APONEVROSE, s. f., d'Tavtv^afis (, 
 from, tiivgav, a tendon), aponeurosis, f. L., 
 breite sehnichte haut, fiechsenhaut, f. 
 G., fascia : a white, firm, dense membra- 
 nous expansion composed of fasciculi of 
 albugineous fibres. APONEVROTIO.UE, 
 adj., aponeuroticus, flechsig, aponeu- 
 rotic : belonging to, or presenting the cha- 
 racters of, aponeurosis. 
 
 APOPHLEGMATISME, s. m., dT/xpXiyp- 
 etriffpos, apophlegmatismus, m. L., die 
 entfernung des schleims aus dem korper, 
 G., evacuation of mucus from the body. 
 APOPHLE GMAT is AN T, adj ., apophlegma- 
 tizans,lj. : Ex. Remedes apophlegmalisans, 
 F., apophlegmatizantia, L., schleimaus- 
 leerende mittel, G., remedies which eva- 
 cuate, or facilitate the expulsion ofj mucus. 
 
 APOPHYSE, s. f., avotpvins, apophysis, 
 f., processus, m. L., apophyse, f., fort- 
 satz, m. G., process : in Anatomy, a pro- 
 jecting part of certain bones : Ex. L' apo- 
 j%sezygomatique du temporal, F., wan- 
 genfortsatz des schlafenbeines, G., pro- 
 cessus zygomaticus ossis temporis, L. 
 
 APOPLEXIE, S. , asra^rXxl/as (a.voiri.'na- 
 ffu, I stupifyi apoplexia, f. L., apo- 
 plexie, f., schlagfluss, m. G., apoplexy : 
 suspension of voluntary motion and of 
 feeling, with continuance of circulation 
 and respiration. Apoplexy is cerebral, 
 cerebrate, F., when consequent on any 
 affection of the brain, which gives rise to 
 the preceding symptoms, although wri- 
 ters, as commonly as incorrectly, restrict 
 the term to extravasation of blood into 
 that organ ; cutaneous, cutanee, when 
 consisting in a great and sudden afflux to 
 the skin, and subjacent cellular membrane; 
 or pulmonary, pulmonaire, when vio- 
 lent determination of blood to the lungs, 
 and effusion into the minute bronchial 
 ramifications, have taken place; followed 
 by death from suffocation. Cerebral Apo- 
 plexy constitutes a Genus in Sub-order 
 Comata, Order 2, Nivroses des fonctions 
 cerebrates, of Class iv., Nivroses, of Pinel's 
 arrangement. See Nosographie Philoso- 
 
 50 
 
 APO 
 
 phique, v. iii., p. 55. APOPLECTIQUE, adj., 
 
 avovXvxrixiis, apoplecticus, apopleK- 
 
 tisch, apoplectic: pertaining to, or con- 
 nected with, Apoplexy. 
 
 APOPNIXIE, s. f. (K*o<xviyu, I strangle), 
 suffbcatio, f. L.., erstickung, f. G., a 
 sense of suffocation. 
 
 APOPSYCHIE, s. f., K-ra-^v^ia, apo- 
 
 psychia, fl L., ein tief'e anhaltende ohn- 
 macht, G., a deep continued fainting 
 See LIPOPSYCHIE. 
 
 APOSCHASMIE, s. f. (a,yn><r%aZ,iiv, to scari- 
 fy, to breathe a vein), scarification, ou- 
 verture d'une veine, f. F., aposchasma, 
 n., scarificatio, venaesectio, f. L., das 
 schropfen, aderlassen, n. G., scarification, 
 venesection, opening of a vein. Synony- 
 mous with APOSCHASME. 
 
 APOSITIE, s. fl, Kfotrirla,, apositia, f. 
 L., widerwillen gegen speisen, ekel, m. 
 G., disinclination for, loathing of, food. 
 AposiTiauE,adj., avroiririxos, apositicus, 
 causing distaste for food. ' Avoiriro;, ex- 
 periencing distaste for abstinent from 
 being without food. See APOSTROPHE. 
 
 APOSTEME, s. m., avoffrvpa,, aposte- 
 ma, n., abscessus, m. L., apostem, n., ei- 
 terbeule, f. G., imposthume, abscess. 
 See ABCES. 'A.foffrtifAa.rixo;, adj., aposte- 
 maticus, apostematius, L,., mil apostem 
 behaflet, dazu gehorig, G., apostematous: 
 connected with, belonging to, abscess. A- 
 poslemation, Gr. and L., ein kleiner Ab- 
 scess, G., i^small Abscess. APOSTEM- 
 OIDE ?, adj., a.'jeoar^fia.Tt^rts, apostema- 
 toides, L., eiterbeulenartig, abscessahn- 
 lich, G., abscess-like, resemblingan abscess. 
 
 APOSTROPHE, s. f., a^ratrr^aifiri, apos- 
 trophe, fl L., aversion, dislike : a term 
 incorrectly derived, by French and Ger- 
 man writers, from and r^a/fri, and, con- 
 sequently, regarded as synonymous with 
 degout pour les alimens, ekel vor speisen, 
 disgust for food. 
 
 APOTE, adj., a-'Xtnai (a priv., IT'OTO;, po- 
 tationl apotus, L. : an epithet applied to 
 an individual qui ne boil pas, ou qui n'e- 
 prouve pas le besoin de Loire, F., who 
 does not drink, or does not experience the 
 want of drinking. 
 
 APOTHECION, s. m., apothecium, n.L.: 
 a term, in Botany, applied to a peculiar 
 organ in Lichens; which apparently consti- 
 tutes the receptacle of their fruit, das 
 fruchtlager der Lichenen, G. 
 
 APOTHERAPIE, s. f., a.voh^tt'jnia,, apo- 
 therapia, f. L., apotherapie, f. G. This 
 term is stated, by French lexicographers, 
 to be synonymous with therapeutique : al- 
 though its proper signification, according 
 to the Greek writers, is medical treatment 
 by friction with salves or medicated oils. 
 The German, Kraus, regards it as, in one 
 sense, synonymous with after-treatment 
 by means of baths, die nachcur der be- 
 schluss der heilung durch biider.
 
 APP 
 
 s. m. (a.veQ'hx.'n, a shop), 
 Apothecarius, m. L., Apotheker, m. G., 
 
 Apothecary. APOTIIICATRERIE, s. f., 
 apotneca, f. L., apotheke, f. G. : boutique 
 dans laquelle on vend des substances me- 
 dicinales, F., a shop in which medicinal 
 substances are sold ; art de pre"parer les 
 drogues et les me'dicamens, the art of 
 preparing drugs and medicines. 
 
 APOZEME, s. m., Kfogipa (a,vr/>g<u, I 
 boil up), apozema, n. L., abgekochte, 
 n. G., in Pharmacy, a decoction. 
 
 APPAREIL, s. m., apparatus, m. (ap- 
 paro, I prepare), L., geriithschaft, G.,_ 
 apparatus, assemblage, collection. This 
 term has divers significations : in Anato- 
 my, Vensemble des organes qui concourent 
 a 1'exercise d'une fonction, F., the assem- 
 blage of organs which concur in the per- 
 formance of a function : in Surgery, re- 
 union de tous les objets (des instrumens 
 et des bandages) ne'cessaires pour pra- 
 tiquer une operation, ou executer un pan- 
 sement, a collection of all the objects ne- 
 cessary for the performance of an opera- 
 tion, or the completion of a dressing : in 
 Chemistry, an apparatus, app. chemicus, 
 L,., chemische gerathschaft, G., is an in- 
 strument, usually consisting of several 
 pieces, destined for the execution of che- 
 mical experiments or processes. 
 
 APPELLE. See APELLE. 
 
 APPENDICE, s. f., appendix (appende- 
 re, to hang to), L., anhang, m., anhiing- 
 sel, n., zusatz, m. G., appendage, appen- 
 dix : pars alteri tantum adhaerens, neque 
 partem ejus proprie constituens, L. In 
 Anatomy, Appendix vermiformis (appen- 
 dice vermiculaire, F.) cocci intestini, L., 
 
 der wurmformige fortsatz des blinden 
 darms, G., vermiform appendix of the 
 ccecum. See ANNEXE. In Botany, the 
 general term employed to designate every 
 part which projects from the organs of 
 plants ; as the five small tabulated bodies 
 seen in the corolla of the Comfrey, Con- 
 soude, f. F., and several other of the .Bo- 
 raginece. APPENDICULE, adj., appendi- 
 culatus, L., muni d' appendices, F., mit 
 nebentheilen versehen, G., provided with 
 appendages : Ex. Foliola appendiculata, 
 qualia habet Ferula nodiflora, L., ange- 
 h'dngte blattchen, G. 
 
 APPETENCE, s. f., appetentia, f. (appet- 
 ere, to desire earnestly), L. : ardent and 
 passionate desire for an object. 
 
 APPETIT, s. m., appetitus, m. (appet- 
 ere), L., %/?, ogpri, appetite : a term 
 most commonly employed to express the 
 desire for solid or liquid food, begierde 
 zum essen und trinken, G. : Appetit de- 
 prave', F., appetitus depravatus, L. (see 
 
 canine, F., xuvuSy; 0^1;, canne appe- 
 tite. Used, also, to designate the sexual 
 
 51 
 
 APY 
 
 passion : A. vdnerien, dtsir du coit, F., 
 appetitus venereus, L. 
 
 APPLICATION, s. f., applicatio, f. Cap- 
 plicare, to apply), L., auflegung, anle- 
 
 Sing, verrichtung, f. G., application : il- 
 actio medici, vel chirurgi, per quam re- 
 media (/pafta.xa, remedes, F., hiilfsmit- 
 tel, G.) quaedam interna externave corpori 
 admoventur, L. ; apposition d'un corps a la 
 surface d'un autre, F., apposition of one 
 body on the surface of another. 
 
 AFHACTE, adj., &v0a.x.rt>s, apractus, 
 
 L., unproductive, ineffectual, useless : a 
 term employed to designate les parties 
 genitales inhabiles a la copulation, ou a la 
 ge"ne'ration, F., organa genitalia apracta, 
 JL., unbrauchbare geschlechtstheile, G. 
 
 APSYCHIE, s. f., a^w^/a, (apriv., -^u^)i, 
 soul), apsychia, f., summum animi deliqui- 
 um t n. L., ohnmacht, bewusstlosigkeit, f. 
 G., lifelessness: an extreme state of 'faint- 
 ness. APSYCHE, ? adj., l-^u^o;, apsy- 
 chicus, apsychus, L., 4eblos, ohnmaehtig, 
 G., lifeless, inanimate, fainting. 
 
 x J' a 1 r 
 
 APTERE, adj., a.-Ttr^o? (a, pnv., -TT^OV, a 
 wing), apterus, L., fliigellos, ungeflii- 
 gelt, G., apterous, wingless : a term, in 
 .Zoology, employed to designate certain 
 genera of Cetacea without a dorsal fin, sans 
 nageoire dorsale, F., ohneriickflosse, G. ; 
 Insects, without wings, sans ailes, ohne 
 fliigel, as a sexual or an orderic distinc- 
 tion ; and Plants, the petioles, or other 
 organs, of which are destitute of the mem- 
 branous borders called wings: Exs^ 1. The 
 genus Physeter includes the three known 
 species of Spermaceti Whale, characteriz- 
 ed by the presence of a dorsal fin : those 
 in which the organ is deficient, formerly 
 referred to Catodon, now constitute the 
 genus Physeteraptera (see CETOLOGIE): 2. 
 The male of the glow-worm, Lamp\yris 
 noctiluca, is winged ; the female, apterous : 
 and the Aptera, or wingless Insects, com- 
 prehending, according to Linnaeus, many 
 animals widely different from true insects, 
 form a well-defined, although small, Order 
 in modern Entomology : 3. The petiole of 
 the orange-tree is winged ; that of. the 
 Lime, Citrus limella, wingless. See AILE. 
 
 APYETE, s. m. ( priv., *vov, pus), apy- 
 etos, m. L. : a tumour, or other external 
 disease, not terminating in suppuration 
 APYIQTJE, adj., a.*vo;, apyicus, L,., 
 ohne eiterung, G., without suppuration. 
 
 APYBENE, ? s. f. ( priv., vvfiv, stone of 
 fruit), apyrena, f. L., KOXXO; a.-rii^nvos,-~> 
 eine kernlose steinlose beere, G., bacca 
 apyrena sine nucleo, L., a berry without 
 a hard seed. 
 
 APYREXIE, s. f., a.fv^ia. (apriv., #ugt%- 
 is, fever), apyrexia, f. L., apyrexie, f. 
 G., absence of fever : a term employed 
 to denote the interval between the parox- 
 ysms of fever; cessation of the febrile state; 
 E2
 
 ARA 
 
 decline of an acute disease. APYRI?TIQUE, 
 adj., a.'jru^ixToi, awugiros, apyrecticus, a- 
 pyretus, fieberlos, free from fever. 
 
 AauATiauE, adj., aquaticus (aqua, 
 water), L., tipotis, im wasser lebend o- 
 der wachsend, G., aquatic, living or grow- 
 ing in water : Exs. Oiseau, insecte, plante 
 aquatique, F., wasservogel, insekt, 
 gewachs, G., an aquatic bird, insect, 
 plant. In Pathology, Cancer aquatique, 
 F., scorbutic ulceration of the mouth. 
 
 AauEDUC, s. m., aquaeductus (aqua, 
 ducere, to convey) L., uSpopoa,, v$ gap pees, 
 wasserleitung, G., aqueduct: a term, 
 in Anatomy, applied to certain canals in 
 bones, although they convey no fluid : 
 Exs. Aqueduc de Cotugno, du vestibule, 
 F., aquceductus Cotunnii, L., a canal ex- 
 tending from the vestibule of the internal 
 ear, to the posterior surface of the petrous 
 portion (le rocher, F., the rock) of the 
 temporal bone ; de Fallope (canal spiro'ide 
 de 1'os temporal, Ch.), aquceductus Fallo- 
 pii : a canal perforating the " rock," and 
 transmitting a twig of the facial nerve ; 
 du Iima9on, passing from the tympanum 
 to the posterior border of the " rock," be- 
 fore the fossa jugularis. Applied, also, to 
 designate a canal of communication be- 
 tween the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the 
 brain, Aqueduc de Sylvius (canal interme- 
 diaire des ventricules, Ch.), aquaeductus 
 Sylvii. 
 
 AQUETJX, adj., ii^anu^ns, aquosus, L., 
 wasserig, G., aqueous, watery : resem- 
 bling, in colour and consistence or com- 
 posed of water. This term is applied, in 
 Anatomy, to one of the humours, hu- 
 meur aqueuse, F., die w'dsserige feuchtig- 
 keit, G., of the eye : in Pharmacy, to 
 preparations made with, or consisting prin- 
 cipally of, water ; as the Extrait d'Aloes 
 aqueux, F., Extractuin Aloes aquosum, 
 L.J w'dsseriges Aloeextract, G. 
 
 ARACHIDE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Arachis (Diadelphia, decandr. ; Legumino- 
 sa), die Erdnuss, G., Earth-nut, con- 
 taining one species, A. hypogcea, pistache 
 de terre, F., American earth-nut. The 
 pods of this plant bury themselves in the 
 earth, after fecundation, (hence its name), 
 to mature the seeds; which constitute an 
 agreeable and nutritious article of food; 
 yield half their weight of oil, nearly resem- 
 bling that of the olive ; and, when roasted 
 and mixed with one third of cocoa, form a 
 pleasant paste. The plant is extensively 
 cultivated in South Europe. 
 
 ARACHNITE, ARACHKITIS. See ARACH- 
 NO'I'DITE. 
 
 ARACHNOI'DE, adj., Jign%vt>u$>is (oi^^vn, 
 a spider's web, iTSei, resemblance), arach- 
 noideus, L., spinnenwebenfb'rmig, G., 
 arachnoid: an epithet applied, in Anato- 
 my, to different membranes, on account of 
 52 
 
 APA 
 
 their extreme tenuity, formerly, by Cel- 
 sus and Galen, to the capsule ofthe vitre- 
 ous humour (membrane hyalo'ide, F.) of 
 the eye ; but now restricted to the deli- 
 cate and transparent membrane (lame ex- 
 terne de la meningine, Ch.) interposed be- 
 tween the dura and pia mater (membrane 
 arachno'ide, F.,^ [&miy% a/>a%vmi$tis, mem- 
 brana arachnoidea, L., die spinnenweben- 
 haut, G.) of the brain. This important 
 membrane, commonly designated, by the 
 French, YArachno'ide, and constituting a 
 perfect sac, invests the whole surface of 
 the brain, without descending between its 
 convolutions ; affords to every nerve and 
 blood-vessel entering into, or issuing from, 
 the brain, a covering which accompanies, 
 and is reflected on, them ; so that none of 
 these organs are contained within its cavi- 
 ty. After extending over the whole spi- 
 nal chord, it forms a long cylindrical canal 
 which descends around the fasciculus of 
 lumbar nerves, to the extremity of the sa- 
 cral canal, where it is finally reflected on 
 the dura mater. The arachnoid is distin- 
 guished, by French writers, into an exte- 
 rior and interior portion (Varachno'ide exte'- 
 rieure and inte'rieure). The latter, passing 
 through an oval orifice, discovered by Bi- 
 chat, proceeds to invest the third and late- 
 ral ventricles of the brain, and finally de- 
 scends into the 4lh (ventricule du cerve- 
 let, F.), by the aquaeductus Sylvii. 
 
 ARACHNOIDITE, s. f., arachnitis, arach- 
 noiditis, f. L., entziindung der spinnen- 
 webenhaut des hirns, G., inflammation de 
 Varachno'ide, F., inflammation of the a- 
 rachnoid membrane : an affection until 
 lately confounded with phlegmasia of the 
 other membranes of the brain. See 
 PHRENESIE. 
 
 ARAIGXEE, s. f., 'A^O^HJJ, Aranea, f. 
 L., Spinne, f. G., Spider: in Zoology, 
 a genus of Invertebral Animals, belonging 
 to Class Arachnides, Order Pulmonaires of 
 French and Arachnoidea, of British Na- 
 turalists : formerly included, by Linnaeus, 
 in Order, Aptera, of his Insecta ; from 
 which, however, they are distinguished by 
 several striking peculiarities of structure, 
 and now consequently separated. See A- 
 RANEIDES. The common house-spider, 
 Aranea Tegeneria domestica, L., 1'a- 
 raigne'e domestique, F., is not ordinarily 
 venomous. Its web, Toile d'araignee, F., 
 aga,%>iov, tela aranearum, L,., spinnen- 
 gewebe, G., was once much employed, 
 internally, against intermittent fever, ex- 
 ternally, as a substitute for agaric in the 
 repression of haemorrhage from wounds. 
 
 ARALIACEES, ARALIES, Araliacets, A- 
 ralus, L.. : a family of dicotyledonous, po- 
 lypetalous plants, with epigynous sta- 
 mens ; differing from the Umbelliferae only 
 in the presence of a pericarp, and resem-
 
 ARB 
 
 bling them in their properties. The Ara- 
 lia (Pentandria, pentagyn.), Aralie, F. and 
 G., constitutes one of its principal gene- 
 ra. From the bark of the A. Umbettifera, 
 an aromatic gum-resin exudes. Other 
 species are employed, in Cochin China, a- 
 gainst dropsy and itch. See GINSENG. 
 
 AHANEEN, adj., araneosus (aranea, a 
 spider) L., a.^a.^al^, fya%iKo;, pertain- 
 ing to spiders or spiders' webs : an epithet, 
 in Pathology, applied to the pulse, pouls 
 aranien, F., pulsus araneosus, L., when 
 so feeble as to resemble the almost imper- 
 ceptible motion, and to the urine, 
 araneene, urina araneosa, when loaded 
 with filaments exhibiting the appearance, 
 of spider's web. 
 
 ARANE'IDES, ARACHNIDES, pi., Ara- 
 neidete, Arachnoidea ('Ag&%vn, spider, sTSoj, 
 resemblance), L., die Spinnen, G., Spi- 
 ders : originally a genus in Class Insecta, 
 Order Aptera, of Linnseus ; but forming a 
 distinct Class, in modern systems of Zoo- 
 logy. Spiders differ from real insects, in 
 the want of antennae, possession of more 
 than six (usually eight) legs; in the num- 
 ber and disposition of the eyes, mode of 
 respiration, and non-subjection to meta- 
 morphosis. Cuvier divides the Arachnides 
 into two Orders; Pulmonaires, Pulmo- 
 narise, L. ; and Tracheennes, Trachea- 
 rise. The former, including the common- 
 ly reputed Spiders, and Scorpions (see 
 SCORPION), respire by pulmonary sacs with 
 lateral stigmata: the latter, by radiated 
 or ramified tracheae, into which air is ad- 
 mitted through two spiracles situated near 
 the base of the abdomen. 
 
 The Class, Arachnides, contains nume- 
 rous genera. The bite, inflicted by some 
 of the species, as the Tarentula (see TA- 
 RENTULE), has, occasionally, been attend- 
 ed with curious, formidable, or even fatal 
 consequences. The bodies of others, as 
 Segestria cellarls, araignee des caves, 
 cave-spider, discharge, on bursting, a 
 highly corrosive fluid: and many, as Te- 
 generia medicinalis, the medicinal Spider 
 of America, possess the irritating pro- 
 perties of the Cantharis, and may be ex- 
 ternally, or internally, employed as a sub- 
 stitute for that insect. See Cuvier, Regne 
 Animal, v. iv., p. 206; and Faune des Me- 
 decins, v. i., p. 471 ; ii., p. 61. 
 
 ARBORE, adj., arboreus, L., SttyiKo;, 
 belonging, or relating, to trees. ARBO- 
 RESCENT, adj., arboresceus, SsvSgas/Sijj, 
 baumartig, G., tree-like. 
 
 ARBOUSIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Arbutus ( Decandria, monogyn. ; Ericece), 
 it., der Erdbeerbaum, G., Strawberry- 
 tree, Bearberry, comprizing, among se- 
 veral others, two European species, em- 
 ployed in medicine : one, common Straw- 
 berry-tree, A. unea'o, no^a^os, arbousi- 
 
 53 
 
 ARB 
 
 er, F., landbeere, G., with insipid fruit, 
 x'ofaa^ov eaten only by the poor (hence 
 x.op.ugixpu'yos, a term applied to one who 
 lives meanly) ; leaves astringent and anti- 
 diarrhaeal: the other, red Bearberry,. 
 A. uva ursi, buserrolle, raisin d' ours, 
 barentraube, barenbeere; astringent, di- 
 uretic, and frequently prescribed in calcu- 
 lus nephritis. 
 
 ARBRE, s. m., Ss^av, 2-t/Xov, arbor, m. 
 L,., baum, m. G., tree: in Botany, a 
 term comprehending, in its more extended 
 signification, all plants with a woody stem. 
 These, however, have been more precisely 
 arranged, by Botanists, according to their 
 distinctive characters : Arbres, SsvS^a, 
 arbores, biiume, trees, woody plants, 
 holzpflanzen, G., stem simple below, 
 branching above; Arbrisseaux, SbS^/a, 
 arbuscula, baumchen, little trees, 
 stem branching from root, bearing buds ; 
 Arbustes, 60.^101, frutices, straucher, 
 shrubs, stems divided, destitute of buds; 
 < and Sub-arbrisseaux, Hapi/ia, suffruti- 
 ces, perennia, mehrjahrige krauter, oder 
 strauden, perennial plants, with woody 
 stems, permanent below, herbaceous and 
 annual, above. 
 
 In Anatomy, the arborescent appear- 
 ance, exhibited by the central medullary 
 substance, on vertical section, of the lobes 
 of the cerebellum, is termed Arbre de vie, 
 F., arbor vitse, L., lebens&zwm, G. 
 
 ARBRISSEAU, ARBUSTE. See ARBRE. 
 
 ARC, s. m., arcus, m. L., bogen, m. 
 G., arch : the portion of a curved line, 
 and, more especially, of a circle. The 
 term is applied, in Anatomy, to any part 
 or organ which exhibits this figure :' Exs. 
 Arc du colon, F., arcus coli intestini, L. ; 
 de 1'aorte, bogen der aorta, G., arch 
 of the colon, of the aorta. 
 
 ARCADE, s. , arcuatio (arcus), f. L., 
 bogenstellung, G. : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy, by the French, to any part, 
 whether bone, tendon, or blood-vessel, 
 which presents an arch-like figure or dis- 
 position : Exs. 1. Arcade alve'olaire, F., 
 alveolar arch (or process) of the jaw-bone 
 (see ALVEOLE) ; temporale ou zygoma- 
 tique, the arch formed by the union of 
 the zygomatic process of the temporal 
 bone, der wangenfortsatz des schlafen- 
 beines, with the corresponding projection 
 of the os malse, wangenbein,G. : 2. Arc 
 crurale, arcus cruralis, inguinalis, L., 
 formed by the tendon of the external o- 
 blique muscle (Poupart's ligament), in 
 the groin: 3. Arc palmaire, et plantaire, 
 the palmar and plantar arch, respectively 
 formed, hi the hand, and foot, by anasto- 
 moses of the radial and ulnar, and of the 
 plantar arteries. 
 
 ARCANE, s. m., arcanum, n. L.,. ge- 
 heimniss, geheimes mitlel, n. G. : in me-
 
 ARC 
 
 dicine, a nostrum, a secret remedy or pre- 
 paration. 
 
 ARCEAU, ARCHET, s. m., arculus, m. 
 L,., kleiner bogen, m. G. : a thin piece 
 of wood, of semi-circular figure (a small 
 bow), so disposed as to preserve the dis- 
 eased or wounded parts of a patient from 
 the pressure of the bed-clothes. By an 
 edict of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany, mo- 
 thers and nurses were compelled to adopt, 
 in sleeping with infants, the precaution of 
 guarding the latter with the arceau. 
 
 ARCHE, s. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 shells, Arca^ forming the envelope of 
 an acephalous Mollusca (Ord. Testacea, 
 Fam. Ostraceas) ; belonging to the dentated 
 Division of Bivalves ; and containing se- 
 veral species. The principal of these, A, 
 Noce, Arche de Noe', F., rare in north 
 Europe, is common in the Mediterranean 
 and Red Sea. The inhabitant, a Daphne, 
 according to Poll, exhibits striking peculi- 
 arities of internal structure : it has two 
 hearts, and a stomach perforated by a 
 three-pointed crystalline stile. It forms 
 a common article of winter-food on the 
 coasts of Italy and Arabia ; but acquires, 
 during summer, when the ovary is distend- 
 ed by its innumerable ova, an intolerably 
 acrid flavour. See Cloquet, Faune des 
 Medecins, v. ii., p. 81; and Montagu, Tes- 
 tacea Brit., pi. iv., f. 3. 
 
 ARCHEE, s. f., Archaeus, m. L. (&ex,*> 
 first cause); a term, invented by Van 
 Helmont to designate the first efficient 
 cause of all things, the principle of the life 
 of man, and of all nature, the soul of the 
 universe. ARCHEISME, s. f., archaeism: 
 the doctrine of an Archceus. 
 
 ARCHELOGIE, s. f., archelogia, L. 
 (.*?%*>> an( i *-'oyos, discourse) : a treatise 
 on the fundamental principles of the science 
 of man. 
 
 ARCHIATRE, s. m., 'Agx&wwtf (?, 
 prince, Ituroos, physician), Archiater, m. 
 L., der Oberarxt, Protomedicus, G., 
 first, or principal Physician. 
 ARCHIMIE. See ALCHIMIE. 
 ARCHORRHAGIE, s. ($, the rectum, 
 pfiyvupi, I flow with force): profuse dis- 
 charge, commonly of blood, from the rec- 
 tum. Passive intestinal hcemorrhage is, on 
 the contrary, expressed by ARCHORRHEE, 
 s. (<%?, and j>iu, I flow). 
 
 ARCHOPTOSE, s. m., chute du rectum, 
 archoptosis, , archoptoma, n. L. (a^os, 
 and wrung, -XTiapv., prolapsus), prolapsus 
 ani, L., mastdarmvorfall, m. G. 
 
 ARCHOSYRINX, s. , F. and L,. (same, 
 and evpirZ, a fistula, or pipe), mastdarm- 
 fistel, G.,-~.fistula in ano : also, a glys- 
 ter-pipe or syringe, klysterspritze. 
 
 ARCTATION, ARCTITUDE, s. , re"tre- 
 cissement d'une ouverture naturelle, 
 jirctatio, arctitudo, L., enge, G., 
 
 54 
 
 ARE 
 
 contraction of the orifice of a canal, especi- 
 ally of the vulva, of the orifices of the 
 rectum and uterus : also, intestinal consti- 
 pation, alvi adstrictio, f. L. 
 
 ARCUATION, s. , arcuatio, f. L., 
 krummung, f. G., curvature of the bones; 
 and especially the anterior projection of 
 the sternum, in Rachitis. 
 
 ARDEUR, s. f., ardor (ardere, to burn), 
 L., xKVfjta., hitze, brennende hitze, f. 
 G. : a term employed, in Pathology, to 
 express a sense of burning heat in any re- 
 
 fion, or organ, of the body : Ex. Ardeur 
 estomac, F., TOU ffTOfta%ot> xavffufta, 
 
 brennen im magen, G.,heat of the sto- 
 mach ; de Purine, urdor urinse, L.., 
 the burning sensation, caused by excretion 
 of urine from an irritated or inflamed 
 bladder: de la fievre, the heat parox- 
 ysm of fever. ARDENT, adj., ardens, 
 hitzig, ardent, burning : an epithet 
 applied to affections attended with a sense 
 of burning or scalding ; to organs reddened 
 by inflammation; and diseases characterised 
 by excessive heat : Eas. Urine ardente, 
 ceil ardent, scalding urine, an inflamed 
 eye : Fievre ardente, the bilious inflam- 
 matory fever, of Pinel. See CAUSUS. 
 
 AREC, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Areca 
 ( Monoecia, polyandr. ; Palmce ), I,., die A- 
 rekapalme,G. Cabbage-tree, containing 
 a few Asiatic and American species. One 
 of the former, A. catechu, Arec de 1'Inde, 
 was long supposed to vield the medici- 
 nal catechu : the kernel of its fruit, resem- 
 bling nutmeg, but more voluminous and 
 hard, possesses an astringent flavour, and 
 enters into the composition of BETEL. 
 
 Among the latter, A. oleracea, Arec 
 
 d'Amerique, produces, in the centre of 
 its leaf, a heart or bud, bourgeon, F., 
 resembling artichoke in flavour, and eat- 
 en in the W._Indian islands, under the 
 name of chou-palmiste. Its fruit yields 
 oil: its pith, a farina analogous to sago. 
 
 AREFACTJON, s. , arefactio, f. (arefa- 
 cere, to dry), L., tyfws* austrocknung, 
 f. G., desiccation, the art of drying : a 
 pharmaceutical process. 
 
 ARENATIOV, s. , arenatio, f. (arena, 
 sand), L., arenation : in Therapeutics, 
 immersion of the whole, or part, of the a- 
 nimal body in heated sand. See AMMO- 
 CHOSIE. 
 
 AREOLE, s. , areola, f. (dim. of area ), 
 L. : in Anatomy, the interstice formed, in 
 the structure of the various organs, by 
 the anastomoses and ramifications of the 
 capillary vessels, and by the inter-crossing 
 entre-croisement, F., of fibres and fas- 
 ciculi ; also, the coloured disk which sur- 
 rounds the base of the human nipple, 
 areola papillaris, L., der kreis um die 
 brustwarze, G. : in Pathology, the disk 
 which encircles pustular inflammations of
 
 ARH 
 
 the skin. AREOLAIRE, adj., areolaris, 
 L.: an epithet applied to any object which 
 exhibits an areolar structure, une tex- 
 ture areolaire, F. 
 
 AREOMETRE, s. m. (<?, light, pi*w, 
 measure), areometrum, n. L., an in- 
 strument, in Physics, for determining the 
 specific gravity of fluids. 
 
 ARETE, s. f., Mv^, arista, f. L.., 
 
 granne, f. G., awn : in Botany, the stiff 
 and, sometimes, jointed bristle beard 
 which terminates the acuminated point of 
 the calyx, in divers of the Gramineae. See 
 BARBE: In Zoology, the long and slen- 
 der bones which exist, unconnected with 
 the skeleton, in the muscular structure of 
 fishes, ossicula musculoru m, remarkably 
 numerous in the Shad. See ALOSE. 
 
 ARGEMONE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Argemone ( Polyandria, monogyn. ; Papave- 
 racccB), L., der Stachelmolm, G., Prick- 
 ly Poppy ; the only medicinal species of 
 which, A. Mexicuna, Arg. du Mexique, 
 pavot e*pineux, F., teufelsfeige, f. G., 
 figo del inferno, Sp., originally Ameri- 
 can, but now naturalized in Southern 
 France, contains a milky juice, which ac- 
 quires, on inspissalion, the consistence, 
 colour, and properties of Gamboge. The 
 flowers are represented as somniferous: 
 the seeds, by some writers, as purgative ; 
 by others, as a much stronger narcotic 
 than opium. See Loudon's Encyclopted., 
 p. 462; Gen. 1172. 
 
 ARGENT, s. m., 'Agyi^/ov, Argentum, 
 n. L,., Silber, n. G., Silver: a solid me- 
 tal, found either pure, or in various stales 
 of combination with other metals, with 
 sulphur, chlorine, or oxygen. Spec. Gra- 
 vitv 10,4743. Combined with nitric acid, 
 it forms nitrate of silver, nitrate ftaryent, 
 F., nitras aryenti, L., salpetersaures 
 silber, G.; is medicinally employed in epi- 
 lepsy and other convulsive diseases ; and 
 has occasionally exerted an extraordinary 
 influence upon the human complexion. 
 See, also, PIERRE infernale. Silver-leaf, 
 
 blattsi/ier, G., was formerly much 
 
 used, in Pharmacy, as an envelope for 
 pills. Argent vif: a vulgar name for mer- 
 cury. See MERCURE. 
 
 ARGILE, ARGILLE, s. f., a^y/Xoj, - 
 y/xxf, argilla, f. L., thonerde, f. G., 
 argil : a compound of alumina and silica, 
 existing abundantly in nature ; but almost 
 invariably containing carbonate of lime, 
 oxide of iron, and even magnesia. ARGI- 
 
 LEUX, adj., ay/xxwS?, argillosus, 
 
 thonig, thonartig, argillaceous : consist- 
 ing, or made, of Aryil. 
 
 ARHIZE, adj., u.ff>i,o; (a priv., //, 
 root), arhizus, L.., ohne wurzel, G., 
 rootless : without root. Arhizes, pi. : a 
 term, in modern Botany, synonymous 
 with Cryptoyamla. See ACOTYLEDON. 
 
 55 
 
 ARM 
 
 ARHYTHME, adj. ( priv., pvfyo;, 
 rhythm), arhythmus, arrhythmicus, I,. : 
 Ex. Pouls arhythme, F., ar^vyfj.^ appi/fans, 
 ein unregelm'dssiger puls, G., an irregu- 
 lar pulse. 
 
 ARIDITE, s. f., |jja<r^, ariditas, f. L., 
 trockenheit, f. G., aridity : a term, in 
 Pathology, employed to express the dry 
 condition of any part, or organ, especially 
 the skin and tongue : Ex. Ar. secheresse 
 de la peau, de la langue, F., ariditas 
 cutis, linguae, L., A RIDE, adj., |fV, 
 aridus, trocken, arid: affected with 
 dryness. 
 
 ARILLE, s. m., arillus, m. L., saa- 
 mendecke, f. G. : a term, in Botany, ap- 
 plied to an extension or development of 
 the umbilical cord, which forms, around 
 the seed of certain plants, an unadherent, 
 and sometimes fleshy, envelope. Mace 
 constitutes the arillus of the nutmeg: that 
 of Oxalis is a small, whitish, elastic sac, 
 which, in bursting, ejects the seeds to a 
 distance. ARILLE, 'adj., arillatus, L. : 
 provided with an arillus. 
 
 ARISTE, adj., aristatus, L. : a term, 
 in Botany, applied to plants which are 
 furnished with an arista, or awn. See 
 ARETE. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Arislolochia (Gynandria, hexandr.; Aristo- 
 lochece), ' Agnr<roXo%ict, from cigHrros, excel- 
 lent, and x;/a, child-birth, or the lochia 
 succeeding it, die Osterluzey, Schlan- 
 genwurzel, G., Birthwort, Snakeroot, 
 which contains the following medicinal 
 species : A. anguicida Aristoloche angui- 
 cide, F., juice of the roots, destructive to 
 serpents, and affording an antidote to their 
 poison, in man ; A. serpentaria, see SER- 
 PENTAIRE ; A. longa, et rotunda, 
 longue, et ronde, natives of south 
 Europe, roots cephalic, alexiteric, anti-hy- 
 steric, emmenagogue, aristolochic, leaves 
 tonic, prescribed in gout, chlorosis, and 
 chronic catarrh; A. clematitis, clema- 
 tite, sudorific, vulnerary, less active than 
 the preceding. AHISTOLOCHIGUE, adj., 
 aristolochicus : a term applied to all sub- 
 stances supposed to possess, like the Aris- 
 tolochice, the property of accelerating expul- 
 sion of the placenta, and exciting the lochial 
 discharge, in childbirth. 
 
 ARISTOLOCHES, ARISTOLOCHIEES, A- 
 ristolochiee, L. : a family of dicotyledo- 
 nous, apetalous plants, with epigynous 
 stamens. It includes, besides Aristolochia, 
 the genera, Asarum and Cytinus. See A- 
 SARET and HYPOCISTE. 
 
 ARMADILLE, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 comprizing animals arranged, by Linnae- 
 us, under Oniscus, in his Order Aptera, 
 Class Jnsecta : but now very properly re- 
 moved to Crustacea ; since they possess 
 four antenna, seven pairs of legs, respire
 
 AB.O 
 
 by sub-caudal branchiae, and suffer no me- 
 tamorphosis ; and constituting a distinct 
 genus, Armadillo, in that modern Class. 
 The A. officinalis, Arm. des boutiques, 
 F., has long held a place in the Dispen- 
 satories, British and foreign, under the ti- 
 tle of prepared Millepedes, Cloportes pre'- 
 pare's, F., Kellerwiirmer, G. ; and is re- 
 garded as " diuretic, aperitive, and antic- 
 teric" : but its medicinal virtues, if it pos- 
 sess any, have been greatly over-rated. 
 A Tincture of it, Kellerwiirmertinctur, 
 is still retained in German practice. 
 
 ARMOISE, s. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Artemisia ( Syngenesia, polygam. superfl. ; 
 Corymbiferae), L.., der Vermuth, G., 
 Wormwood, containing numerous Asia- 
 tic and European species ; several, em- 
 ployed in medicine : as A. abrotanum, see 
 ABROTANUM ; absinthium, pontica, see 
 ABSINTHE ; maritima, bitter, acrid, ex- 
 haling a camphor-like odour ; santonica, 
 see SEMEN CONTRA; and vulgaris. The 
 latter, especially designated ISarmoise, F., 
 agrtftiiria, beyfuss, m. G., mugwort: 
 common on waste land, aromatic, stimu- 
 lant, but less powerful than A. absinthium, 
 of which the French have an Extract, Oil, 
 Extractum Oleum Absinthii ; a com- 
 pound Tincture, Tinct. Absinthii comp. ; 
 and a Syrup, Syr. de Absinthiis ; as also a 
 Syrup of Mugwort, Syr. de Artemisia : the 
 Germans, a Conserve, Extract, and Oil; and a 
 simple and compound Tincture,-- Wermuth- 
 conserve, extract, 61; einfache und zu- 
 sammengesetzte "VVermuthtinctur. 
 
 ARNIQUE, s. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Arnica (Syngenesia, polygam. superfl; Co- 
 rymbiferce), L.. and Br., das Wolverlei, 
 G. : also, an European species of it, A. 
 montana, A. des montagnes, F., moun- 
 tain Arnica ; the flowers and root of which 
 les fleurs, la racine, F., flores, radix 
 Arnicae, L., wolverlei-blumen, wurzel, 
 G., are acrid, and highly stimulating. 
 Dried and powdered, a powerful sternuta- 
 tory : administered in large doses, emetic 
 and cathartic. The infusion of the flow- 
 ers is frequently employed in injuries 
 from falls : hence the term, Panacea lap- 
 sorum, L., /o//kraut, n. G., sometimes 
 applied to the plant. The Germans have 
 an Extract of it, Wolverlei-extract. 
 
 AROI'DES, AROIDEES, pi., Aroideee, L.: 
 a family of monocotyledonous apetalous 
 plants, with hypogynous stamens. The 
 principal genera, containing medicinal spe- 
 cies, are the Arum and Acorus. See A RUM, 
 and ACORE VRAI. 
 
 A ROME, s. m., aroma, n. L. (a^^a, a 
 spice, or perfume), gewiirz, geruchstoff, 
 m. G. : in modern Chemistry, the odorous 
 principle of vegetable substances ; the 
 subtle emanation of bodies acting on the 
 organ of smelL AROMATIQUE, adj., aro- 
 
 56 
 
 ARS 
 
 maticus, wiirzig, aromatic, exhaling a 
 spicy odour : Ex. llemedes aromatiques, 
 aromatica, (fa.o/j.axa. acauanxx, die aro- 
 matischen mittel, aromatic remedies. 
 
 ARQUE, adj., courbe en arc, arcuatus, 
 L.. : Ex. Jambe argute, crus arcualum, 
 L., krummbein, n. G., a bow-leg. 
 
 ARRACHESIEXT, s. m., unto-faa-pos (not 
 aToo-vao-pa, the part torn away), abrup- 
 tio, avulsio, fl L.., abbrechung, abreis- 
 sung, f. G., abruption : in Surgery, the 
 operation of forcible extraction, or tearing 
 away, of any organ or part : as a tooth, or 
 polypose or fibrous tumour from the bo- 
 dy, or the testis, or ovary, in the castra- 
 tion of domestic animals. Hence the ori- 
 gin of the popular term, spay, from <rva.u t 
 I tear away. Plaie par Arracliement : the 
 wound consequent on violent abruption of 
 an organ, or limb, from the animal body. 
 ARRHEE, s. , cifpoia. ( priv., fiu, I 
 flow), arrhoea, f. L,., mangel eines aus- 
 flusses, G., absence suppression of a 
 discharge or running. 
 
 ARRIERE-BOUCHE, s. , os posterum, 
 L., posterior fauces. See PHARYNX. 
 
 ARRIERE-DENT, s. m., dens serotinus, 
 L., back tooth : last molar of the human 
 jaw ; more commonly designated dent de 
 sagesse, F., dens sapientiae, L. 
 
 ARRIERE-FAIX, s. m. : the vulgar desig- 
 nation of the mass, les secundines, F., 
 
 secundinae, L., nachgeburt, f. G., se- 
 cundines, after-birth, formed by the pla- 
 centa and membranes of the foetus, and 
 commonly expelled after child-birth. 
 
 ARRIERE-NARINES, s. f., pi. : in Anato- 
 my, the posterior nares, ouvertures pos- 
 terieures des fosses nasales, F., ostia na- 
 rium posteriora, L,., which establish a 
 communication between the nasal fossae, 
 and the pharynx. 
 
 ARSENIATE, s. m., arsenias, L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, composed 
 of arsenic acid and a base. The principal 
 arseniates are those of ammonia, potass, and 
 soda, Ars d'ammoniaque, de soude, 
 de potasse, F., Arsenigsaures ammoniak, 
 natrum, kali, G. Productions of art, 
 and unemployed in medicine, they alone, 
 of all the arseniates, are soluble in water. 
 Solutions of the arseniates are not render- 
 ed turbid by the addition of hydrochloric 
 acid : in those of the arsenites, it induces 
 a white precipitate. 
 
 ARSENIC, s. m., 'A^trivixw, Arsenicum, 
 n. L., Arsenik, Arsenikmetall, n. G. : a 
 solid metal, existing in nature, either pure, 
 or in various states of combination with 
 oxygen, sulphur, or with the other metals. 
 Inert in the metallic form, it acquires de- 
 leterious properties from its union with 
 oxygen, which it absorbs with great faci- 
 lity. The arsenic of commerce white 
 arsenic, A. blanc, is a white oxide,
 
 ART 
 
 Oxyde blanc d'arsenic, F., oxydum arse- 
 nici album, L., weisses arsenikoxyd, G., 
 _ of this metal : now usually designated 
 by chemists, Arsenious Acid. See ARSE- 
 
 NIEUX. 
 
 ARSENICAL, adj., arsenicalis, L., ar- 
 senikalisch, G. : an epithet applied to sub- 
 stances composed of Arsenic ; as the pate 
 arsenicale, arsenical paste, of French 
 practice. See Cross, Sketches of the Medi- 
 cal Schools of Paris, p. 44. 
 
 ARSENIE, adj., arseniacus, L. : contain- 
 ing Arsenic. 
 
 ARSENIEUX, adj., arseniosus, L., ar- 
 senious. Acide arsenieux, arsenious acid: 
 the name whereby the white oxyd of arse- 
 nic is now distinguished. See ARSENIC. 
 Internally administered, virulently poi- 
 sonous ; externally, escharotic. 
 
 ARSENIQUE, adj., arsenicus, L. Acide 
 arsenique, acidum arsenicum, L. : a peculi- 
 ar acid, formed by combination of arsenic 
 and oxygen. Poisonous : not employed in 
 medicine. 
 
 ARSENITE, s. m. : a salt formed by 
 combination of arsenious acid with a salifi- 
 able base. Arsenite of potash, arsdnite 
 de potasse, F., arsenis potassse, L.., con- 
 stitutes the active ingredient of Fowler's 
 mineral Solution, formerly the Ague- 
 drops, Solution teinture mine'rale de 
 Fowler, F., Liquor Solutio arsenica- 
 lis of the British and Fowler's Fieber- 
 tropfen (fever-drops), of the German Dis- 
 pensatories. 
 
 ARTERE, s. f., a^m^'ia, (), air, <rg, 
 I preserve), arteria, f. L,., arterie, puls- 
 ader, schlagader, fl G., artery : in Ana- 
 tomy, an order of blood-vessels, literally 
 air-vessels, so called because, by the older 
 anatomists, they were supposed to contain 
 air. All the arteries of the body originate, 
 by two large trunks, the aorta and pul- 
 monary artery, Vaorte et Yartere pulmo- 
 naire, F., from the aortic and pulmonary 
 ventricles of the heart. They are firm, 
 cylindrical, elastic tubes, formed of three 
 distinct coats or tunics: an internal, se- 
 rous, a middle, muscular, and an external, 
 or cellular, tunic. Arteries are provided 
 with valves only at their origin in the 
 heart ; and constitute the organs of trans- 
 mission of blood to all parts of the system. 
 The windpipe, from notoriously contain- 
 ing air alone, was designated a<r/ ryt.- 
 XiTu, hence the French term, trachie-ar- 
 tere, and the Latin, arteria aspera, trachtza, 
 by the ancient writers. 
 
 ARTEREVRISME, s. m. (ag<rf/<z, and tv- 
 pvf, dilated), artereurysma, n., arterise 
 dilatatio, f. L. : a term given, by Swedi- 
 aur, to Aneurism. 
 
 ARTERIAQUE, adj. (a^rx^/a), arteria- 
 cus, L. : Ex. Kemedes arteriaques, F., 
 
 57 
 
 ART 
 
 auf die schlagadern, bei den alten, auf 
 die luftrohre wirken, G., remedies ope- 
 rating on the arteries, or, according to the 
 Ancients, on the windpipe. 
 
 ARTERIECTASIE, s. f. (jrj/a, and ix- 
 rttffis, dilatation), arteriectasis, f. L., 
 schlagadererweiterung, f. G. : a term ap- 
 plied, by Alibert, to Aneurism, which con- 
 stitutes, in his Nosologie, the 8th genus of 
 Angioses. 
 
 ARTERIEL, ARTERIEUX, adj., a^r^ia- 
 xos, arteriosus, L.., zu den pulsadern 
 gehorig, G., arterial, arterious, belong- 
 ing to arteries: Exs. Canal arteriel, F., 
 ductus arteriosus, L., a vessel of commu- 
 nication existing, in the foetus, between 
 the pulmonary artery and aorta : gradu- 
 ally contracting towards the close of preg- 
 nancy; and constituting, when obliterat- 
 ed, after the establishment of the respira- 
 tory process, a fibrous chord, ligament 
 arteriel, F. ; which continues, in the a- 
 dult, to connect the two vessels : Sang ar- 
 teriel, sanguis arteriosus, the blood con- 
 tained in all the arteries which originate 
 from the aortic ventricle of the heart; and 
 in the pulmonary veins, hence called, by 
 some anatomists, veines arterielles, F. 
 See SANG, and PULBIONAIRE. 
 
 ARTERIOGHAPHIE, s. f. (aT/'a, and 
 lygaQu, I describe), arteriographia, f. L., 
 -die beschreibung der pulsadern, G., de- 
 scription of the arteries. ARTERIOLOGIE, 
 s. f. (same, and Xay?, discourse), arterio- 
 logia, f. L.., die lehre von den pulsadern, 
 G., arteriology : treatise on the arteries. 
 
 ARTERIOLE, s. f., arteriola, L. : in 
 Anatomy, a minute artery, ein kleine 
 pulsader, G. 
 
 ARTERIOCHALASIE, s. f. (a^rg/, and 
 XaXatri;, dilatation). Syn. with ARTE- 
 REVRISME, and ARTERIECTASIE. 
 
 ARTEHIOTOMIE, s. f. (same, and <rip*u, 
 I cut), arteriotomia, f. L., arteriotomie, 
 schlagaderoffnung, fl G., arteriotomy : 
 in Anatomy, dissection of arteries ; in Sur- 
 gery, opening of an artery, an operation 
 principally practised on the trunk or 
 branches of the temporal, for the relief of 
 cerebral inflammation or congestion, acute 
 ophthalmy, amaurosis, and otalgia. 
 
 ARTERITE, s. (a^r^'ia), arteritis, f. 
 L. : in Pathology, schlagaderentziindung, 
 fl G., inflammation of an artery, or of the 
 whole arterial system. 
 
 ARTESTIQUE, adj., artesticus (artus, a 
 limb), L. : an epithet applied to one who 
 has lost a limb. 
 
 ARTHRALGIE, s. f. (^ov, a joint, Xyy, 
 pain), arthralgia, f. JL, gliederschmerz, 
 m. G., pain in the joints. 
 
 ARTHREMBOLE, s. m. (same,snd if*.$a,\- 
 X, I put in), arthrembolus, m. L., 
 gliedzieher, m., ein maschine zum einren- 
 ken der ylieder, G. : in Surgery, an instru-
 
 ART 
 
 ment, or machine, for the reduction of 
 (dislocated) joints. 
 
 AHTHRJTE, s. f. (a^eav), arthritis, , 
 morbus articularis, m. L., gliedersucht, 
 f. G., disease inflammation of the joints: 
 commonly employed as synonymous with 
 
 gOUt. See GOUTTE. ARTHRITIQUE,adj., 
 
 arthriticus, L., relating to the joints, 
 gouty : Ex, Symptomes arlhritiques, F., 
 trvfji.'X'TUfj.a.'rtt agfyirixa, arthritic gouty 
 symptoms. 
 
 ARTHHOCACE, s. f. (same, and KO.X/O., de- 
 fect), arthrocace, f. L., arthrokakie, f., 
 eine chronische gelengkrankheit, G., 
 chronic disease of the joints, generally; 
 and, particularly, caries of the articular 
 surfaces: thus the tenn is regarded, by 
 Kraus, as synonymous with spina ventosa, 
 L.., winddorn, m. G. 
 
 ARTHRODIE, s. f., fyfyu&ia, arthrodia, 
 f. L., ein bewegliches gelenk, n. G. : in 
 Anatomy, a moveable articulation, formed 
 by the reception of the head of one bone 
 into the shallow excavation of another ; 
 and capable of executing movements in 
 every direction. ARTHRODIAL, adj., 
 arthrodialis, L. : possessing the characters 
 of Arthrodia. 
 
 ARTHRODYNIE, s. f. (ag^av, a joint, tiinn, 
 
 pain), arthrodynia, f. L., gelenk- 
 
 schmerz, m. G., pain in the joints. 
 
 ARTHROMBOLE, s. m. (same, and l^aX- 
 X<w, I insert), arthrombole, L., in Sur- 
 gery, reduction of a dislocated or replace- 
 ment of the fragments of a broken bone. 
 
 ARTHRONALGIE, s. f. Syn. with AR- 
 
 THRALGIE. 
 
 ARTHRONCUS, s. f. (a^v, and S-yxo;, 
 tumour), F. and L., gelenkgeschwullst, 
 f. G., swelling of a joint. 
 
 ARTHROPHLOGOSE, s. f. (same, and pxo- 
 yafis, inflammation), arlhrophlogosis, ar- 
 ticulorum inflammatio, f. L., gelenkent- 
 ziindung, f. G., inflammation of joints. 
 
 ARTHROPUOSE, s. f. (same, and Wax, 
 pus), arthropyosis, f. L., gelenkvereite- 
 rung, , gelenkgeschwiir, n. G., suppu- 
 ration abscess of a joint. 
 
 ARTHROSE, s. , aefyuins, arthrosis, 
 articulatio, L., gelenk, n., einlenkung, 
 f. G., a joint, articulation ; formation of 
 a joint. 
 
 ARTHROSPONGUS, s. f. (same, and st'oy- 
 yay, sponge), fungus, vel tumor albus, ar- 
 ticulorum, L., gliedschwamm, m. G., . 
 fungus, or white swelling, of the joints. 
 
 ARTICHAUT, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cynara (Syngenesia, polyyam. (equal; Car- 
 duaceee), L., die Artischocke, G., Arti- 
 choke ; of which the more common spe- 
 cies, C. scolymus, 1'artichaut commun, F., 
 a native of South Europe, is generally 
 cultivated as an article of diet. The edi- 
 ble parts are the base of the leaves of the 
 calyx, and the fleshy receptacle. The 
 58 
 
 ART 
 
 root is said to be aperient and diuretic ; 
 the flowers, which possess, also, the pro- 
 perty of coagulating milk, aphrodisiac. 
 Artichaut de Jerusalem, des Indes, 
 sauvage. See TOPINAMBOUR, PATATE, 
 
 JOURARBE. 
 
 ARTICLE, s. m., articulus, m. L,., ge- 
 lenk, glied, n. G., joint: in Anatomy, 
 an assembly of two or more bones suscep- 
 tible of motion upon each other : synony- 
 mous with moveable articulation. In 
 Zoology, the term applied to the pieces 
 varying greatly in number and configura- 
 tion, according to the genus of the ani- 
 mal, which constitute the antenna, paljri, 
 and torsi of insects. In Botany, Articuli 
 sunt plantarum partes, qui in nodos in- 
 tumescunt; a quibus perssepe ramuli pro- 
 deunt, L., nreuds, F., knb'pfe an den 
 pflanzen, G. By some writers, the por- 
 tion comprized between the two nodes of a 
 stem or branch, internodius, L., is dis- 
 tinguished as the Article. 
 
 ARTICULAIRE, adj., ^/*o?, articu- 
 laris, L., articular : relating to joints : 
 Exs. In Anatomy, Apophyses articulaires, 
 des vertebres, F., gelenkfortsiitze der 
 wirbelbeine, G. : in l j athologv, Concre- 
 tions articulaires, F., concretiones articu- 
 lares, L.., the bony or cartilaginous sub- 
 stances which sometimes form in the in- 
 terior of joints, most frequently in that 
 of the knee. In Botany, leaves, which 
 spring from the nodes or articulations ot 
 plants, as those of Hordeum, are termed, 
 in French, feuilles articulaires. 
 
 ARTICULATION, s. , articulatio, f. L., 
 ^ov, gelenk, n. G. Articulation sig- 
 nifies, in Anatomy, an assemblage and u- 
 nion of divers osseous pieces with each 
 other. The moveable and immoveable 
 articulations, les art mobiles et immo- 
 biles, F., form two distinct classes. See 
 DIARTHROSE, and SYNARTHHOSE. In 
 Physiology, Articulation is the term em- 
 ployed to indicate the varied combination 
 of letters requisite for the formation of 
 those sounds which constitute words. In 
 Surgical Pathology, supernumerary joints, 
 which are sometimes established between 
 the fragments of an unconsolidated frac- 
 ture, or between the unreduced extremity 
 of a dislocated bone and the surrounding 
 parts, receive indiscriminately the names, 
 Articulations fausses, accidentelles, anor- 
 males, contr e nature, F. 
 
 ARTICULE, adj., articulatus, L., ge- 
 gliedert, G., articulated : Exs. In Ana- 
 tomy, un squelette arliculi, F., an articu- 
 lated skeleton. In Zoology, les Animaux 
 Articules, Articulata, L., comprehend- 
 ing les Crustace's, Arachnides, et In- 
 sectes, Crustacea, Arachnoida, et Insec- 
 ta, constitute the 3rd grand Division in 
 the Hegne Animal, of Cuvier. In Botany,
 
 ARY 
 
 Folia dicuntur articulata, geyliederte blat- 
 ter, G., quum folium ex apice folii excre- 
 scit, L. 
 
 ARTIFICIEL, adj., artificialis, L., 
 kiinstlich, G., artificial: an epithet ap- 
 plied to any production of the hand of 
 man, or result of human agency; as Pieces 
 anatomiques arlificielles, F., the models 
 of anatomical subjects, in plaster, wax, 
 or other appropriate substance. In Sur- 
 gery, yeux artificiels, artificial eyes. In 
 Chemistry, froid urtificiel, the cold result- 
 ing from admixture of certain chemical 
 substances. 
 
 ARTISANS (Maladies des), morbi Arti- 
 ficum, L., diseases of artizans. 
 
 AHTOMEL, s. in. (ajraj, bread, p.<\i, ho- 
 ney), artomeli, n., catpplasmatis species, 
 ex pane et melle parati, L., cataplasme 
 prepard avec le pain et le miel, F., ein 
 umschlag von brodund. honig, G., a cata- 
 plasm ol bread and honey. 
 
 ARUM, GOUET, s. m. : a .genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Arum (Monoecia, polyandr. ; Aroideee), 
 L,., die Aronswurz, G., Wake-Robin, 
 containing some poisonous, medicinal, and 
 edible species. The Arum a feuilles o- 
 vales, F., A. ovatum, L., eirundes aron, 
 G. ; A. arborescent, A. aruorescens, a- 
 ronsbaum ; and A. vene'neux, A. segui- 
 num, aronwurzmit blumenohne bliitter, 
 are, for instance, virulently acrid and dele- 
 terious. The medicinal species are the A. 
 macule, commun, F., A. maculalum. L., 
 gemeine aronswuvz, G. ; and A. serpen- 
 taire, A. dracunculus, gemeines schlan- 
 genkraut. The berries, leaves, and roots of 
 the first, spotted Arum, a common Euro- 
 pean plant, possess great acridity : leaves 
 topically employed in cleansing foul ul- 
 cers, and dissipating the swelling of oede- 
 matous limbs : root, when fresh, emetic 
 and purgative; prescribed, internally, in 
 Asthma, Rheumatism, and visceral ob- 
 structions ; externally, as a rubefacient. 
 The second exhibits similar properties. 
 The roots of both lose their acridity on de- 
 siccation or decoction ; and yield a nutri- 
 tive amylaceous substance. The Tools and 
 stems of two other species, Colocase, and 
 Chou caraibe, A. colocasia, and esculen- 
 tum, are edible. See Roques, Phytoyra- 
 phie Medicale, v.i., p. 65; Guieliu Pfianz- 
 engifle, p. 331. 
 
 ARYTENEAL, adj. : an epithet given, by 
 Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to the 3rd pair of 
 auxiliary bones of the arcs branchiaux, situ- 
 ated in the hyoideal region of fishes. See 
 Philosophic Anat., p. 384, pi. 8. 
 
 ARY-ARYTENO-IDIEN, adj., ary-arytse- 
 noideus, L. : a term, in Anatomy, applied 
 by Morgagni and Santorini, to the Aryte- 
 noid muscle. See ARYTENOIDIEN. 
 
 ARYTENO- (or ARY-) E'PIGLOTTIQUE, 
 adj., arytaeno-epiglotticus. Winslow has 
 
 59 
 
 ASC 
 
 given this name to a few muscular fibres, 
 not constantly existing, which connect the 
 arytenoid cartilages and epiffloltis^nA form 
 part of the arytenoid muscle of modern a- 
 natomists : also, an epithet applied to two 
 ligament-like folds of the internal laryn- 
 geal membrane, which extend, from the 
 arytenoid cartilages, to the borders of the 
 epiglottis. 
 
 ARYTENOIDE, s. m., and adj., arytae- 
 noides, L. : a name given, in Anatomy, to 
 two cartilages, Cartil aryleno'ides, F., 
 cartilagines arylcenoides, or deee, !,.,__ 
 Giessbeckenknorpel, G., Arytenoid carti- 
 lages, situated posteriorly on the cricoid; 
 exhibiting a somewhat triangular figure ; 
 and closing, when they contract, the aper- 
 ture of the glottis. 
 
 ARYTENOIDIEX, adj., arytaenoideus, L. : 
 relating to the arytenoid cartilages : Ex. 
 Muscle arytcnoidien, F., museums arytte- 
 noideus, L., a pairless muscle, extending 
 transversely between the arytenoid carti- 
 lages. By former anatomists, this muscle 
 was described as consisting of three dis- 
 tinct muscles : a transverse, transversal, 
 ou vrai aryte'noidien, F., arytienoideus 
 transversus, L. ; and two oblique, aryte"- 
 noidiens croises, arytsenoidei obliqui, 
 minores. See, also, ARYTENO-E'PIGLOT- 
 TIQUE. The Arytenoid Glands, Glandes 
 aryteno'idiennes, F., are small bodies, 
 lodged in the fold of membrane which 
 passes from the epiglottis to the arytenoid 
 cartilages ; and destined to secrete mucus 
 for the lubrication of the larynx. Their 
 excretory orifices are scarcely visible. 
 
 ASA dulcis. See BENJOIN. foetida. 
 See ASSA-FOZTIDA. 
 
 ASARKT, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, A- 
 sarum ( Dodeeandria, monogyn. ; Aristolo- 
 chitej, L., "Affu.gov, dieHaselwurz, G., 
 Asarabacca. The only medicinal species 
 belonging to it, is an European plant, 
 Asaret d'Europe, cabaret, nard sauvage, 
 oreilled'homme, F., A. Europaum, L., 
 Roots bitter, emetic, affording a substitute 
 for Ipecacuanha ; and diuretic : leaves, 
 moreover, cathartic ; and forming, when 
 reduced into powder, a valuable errhine 
 stimulant. This plant derives the French 
 popular name, cabaret, from its former 
 employment against the effects of exces- 
 sive drinking. The Germans prepare, 
 from it, a Pulvis sternutatorius, entitled, 
 Schnupftabak. 
 
 ASCARIDE, s. m., 'AffxufHs, Ascaris, 
 Ascarides, pL, L., in Zoology, a genus 
 of intestinal worms (Entozoa, Nemato'idea, 
 Rudolph.; Intestinaux, Cavitaires, Cuv.), 
 comprehending, according to Rudolphi, 
 more than 1 50 species ; one only of which, 
 L'Ascaride lombrico'ide, F., ."EX^/VJ ffr^ay- 
 lyu^n, A. lumbricoides, L., Rundwurm, 
 Soulwurm, G., common round Worm,
 
 ASC 
 
 inhabits the human intestines. The A. 
 vermicularis, once included in this, now 
 constitutes a distinct genus. See OXYUEE. 
 For the best descriptions of the anatomi- 
 cal structure of the A. lumbricoides, so 
 designated from its general resemblance 
 to the earth-worm, lumbricus, and of its 
 specific and sexual characters, See Brera, 
 Lezioni Medico-pratiche sopra i principali 
 Vermi, &c. ; Cloquet, Anatomie des Vers 
 Intestinaux ; and Faune des Medicins, v. 
 ii., p. 93. 
 
 ASCIDIE, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 acephalous Molluscae, without shells, in- 
 habiting the ocean. In their mode of life, 
 they resemble the oyster. Their intesti- 
 nal canal is not surrounded by the heart, 
 as in the Testaceous acephalous Mollus- 
 cse ; and they present other striking pe- 
 culiarities of structure. They possess no 
 organs of locomotion ; and exhibit few ex- 
 ternal signs of vitality, except absorption 
 and evacuation of water by the two orifi- 
 ces which constitute their mouth and anus. 
 Cloquet, Faune des Mtdecins, v. iL, p. 
 167, enumerates five edible species of As- 
 cidia ; one of which, A. rustica, appears 
 to have been the r0vov, of Aristotle ; the 
 Tethea, of Pliny. 
 
 ASCITE, s. f., 'Aff*irvs (itrxas, a large 
 belly), Ascites, f. L., Bauchwasser- 
 sucht, f. G., dropsy of the belly: a term, 
 in Pathology, applied to a morbid accu- 
 mulation of serum in the abdominal cavi- 
 ty. By some writers, it has been impro- 
 Eerly made to comprehend the serous ef- 
 isions which occasionally take place ex- 
 teriorly to the peritoneum ; as infiltration 
 of the integuments, of the sheath of the 
 rectus muscle, effusion between the ab- 
 dominal muscles and peritoneum, and all 
 the varieties of encysted dropsy; which 
 are respectively distinguished by the e- 
 pithet sub-cutaneous, sous-cutanee , va- 
 ginal, vaginale ; peritoneal, peritoneale 
 ( sous-musculaire, would be more precise); 
 and encysted, enkystee. Ascites properly 
 so called dropsy of the peritoneum, hy- 
 dropisie du pe'ritoine, F., is characterized 
 by an increased volume of the abdomen, 
 and by the fluctuation felt upon percussion 
 of its parietes. In very few instances, a 
 primary affection, Ascites is generally a 
 consequence of inflammation of the perito- 
 neum or abdominal viscera, acute or chro- 
 nic, of tumours of the mesentery or li- 
 ver, or organic diseases of the heart by 
 which the circulation of blood through 
 the vena portarum is obstructed or derang- 
 ed. The curability will depend upon the 
 nature of the lesion by which the effusion 
 has been determined. ASCITIQUE, adj., 
 asciticus, zur bauchwassersucht ge- 
 hb'rig, belonging, or relating, to Ascites. 
 , s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 
 ASP 
 
 Asclepias (Pentandria, digyn. ; Asclepia- 
 decR, Apocynea), L., die Aeskulapie, G., 
 Swallow-wort, comprehending nume- 
 rous species, several of which, as the As- 
 cl^piade dompte-venin, and de Syrie, 
 F., A. vincetoxicum, and Syriaca, L., , 
 possess drastic, emetic, and diuretic pro- 
 perties. The former of these the <rxX- 
 xt.s of Greek writers, was reputed, as the 
 specific name implies, a powerful alexi- 
 pharmac. The spring-shoots of the latter 
 are eaten, in Canada, as asparagus : sugar 
 is made from its odoriferous flowers ; and 
 the silk-like cotton of its pods serves for 
 the stuffing of beds. The juice of another 
 species, A. nivea, is vermifuge ; and its 
 root so powerfully emetic as to have ac- 
 quired, in America, the name of bastard 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
 ASE, s. f., Hirn, ase, f. L., ekel von 
 iibersattigung, G., loathing from satiety, 
 disgust : according to the French lexico- 
 graphers, anxiete epigastrique, malaise 
 ge'ne'ral. ASODE, adj., asodes, L. : Ex. 
 Fievre asode, F., vugtros affuStn, febris 
 asodes, L., brechfieber, n., ein fieber mit 
 anhaltendem ekel und erbrechen, G., a 
 fever with continued nausea and vomiting. 
 
 ASITIE, s. (a priv., trTros, aliment), 
 asitia, fl L., fasten, n., mangel an nah- 
 rung, G., abstinence from , destitution of 
 food : not disgust for food, as the expla- 
 nations of certain French and German lex- 
 icographers, deyout pour les alimens, 
 ekel fur das essen, would imply. 
 
 ASPARAGINE, s. , asparagina, f. L., 
 spargelstoff, m. G. : an immediate princi- 
 ple of vegetables, discovered in the juice 
 of Asparagus. 
 
 ASPAEAGINEES, s. pi., AsparaginecB, 
 I* : a family of monocotyledonous, apeta- 
 lous plants, with perigynous stamens. 
 The genus, Asparagus, constitutes its 
 type : and the roots of the various species 
 which it comprizes, are, like those of all 
 the other monocotyledonous plants, the 
 parts which principally interest the phy- 
 sician. They possess, for the most part, 
 diuretic and sudorific properties. 
 
 ASPEHGE, s. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Asparagus (Hexandria, monogyn.; Aspara- 
 ginete), 'Affirugcfyos, der spargel, G.,. 
 Sparrowgrass, containing numerous spe- 
 cies. The young shoots 01 one of these, A. 
 officinalis, a well-known European plant, 
 are much prized as an article of food. 
 They constitute the asperges, of French, 
 asparagi, of Latin, and spargelsprossen, 
 of German writers ; and impart a pecu- 
 liar odour to the urine of the consumer 
 The root, Kffvra.pa.'yiu, is diuretic and di- 
 aphoretic ; and forms an ingredient in the 
 French preparation, entitled Sirop des 
 cinq racines aperitives mineures. 
 ASFEBITE, s. , r^^aftit, asperitas,
 
 ASP 
 
 f. L.,_ rauhigkeit, f. G. : a term applied, 
 in Anatomy, to the inequalities existing 
 on the surface of bones, and commonly 
 serving for the insertion of fibrous organs, 
 as the tendons of muscles. In Pathology, 
 inflammation of the eye-lids, aspredo, f. 
 L., on account of the sensation of rough- 
 ness, which, under such circumstances, 
 attends the motion of these organs upon 
 the eye-ball. 
 
 ASPERMATISME, S. m. (a ptiv., efri^ftoc,, 
 
 seed), aspermatismus, m. L., sammen- 
 mangel, m. G. : reflux of semen into the 
 bladder at the moment when it ought to 
 be ejected. "Ao-srj^af, aspermus, sa- 
 menlos : Ex. Plantae asperma, L., pflan- 
 zen ohnesamen, in Botany, seedless plants. 
 
 ASPERSION, s. f., aspersio, f. (asperg- 
 ere, to besprinkle), L,., besprengung, f. 
 G., aspersion : the act of sprinkling with 
 water, or other fluid, any part of the ani- 
 mal body.. 
 
 ASPERULE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Asperula ( Tetrandia monogyn. ; Rubiacea), 
 Ij.f das Megerkraut, G., Woodroof. 
 One species, the sweet-scented, A. odo- 
 rante, muguet de bois, F., A. odorata is 
 aromatic, tonic, diaphoretic ; useful in he- 
 patic obstruction : a second, A. cynan- 
 chique, A. cynanchica, celebrated, as 
 the specific name implies, for its efficacy 
 in quinsy, and other diseases of the throat. 
 
 ASPHALTE, s. m., Ko-tpaXras, asphal- 
 tum, n. I;., asphalt, judenpech, n. G. : a 
 mineral pitch found floating on the waters 
 of the Dead Sea, Asphaltite lake, in Pa- 
 lestine. It enters into the composition of 
 divers unguents and plasters. 
 
 ASFHYXIE, S. f., K<rtpu%ia (a, priv., -0J|- 
 
 is, pulse), asphyxia, f. L., pulslosigkeit, 
 f., scheintod, m. G. The term, Asphyxia, 
 was long employed by pathologists, as its 
 etymology indicates, to designate suppres- 
 sion of the pulse suspension of the circula- 
 tion. But it is now commonly understood 
 to signify suspension of all the vital phe- 
 nomena by causes which operate exclu- 
 sively, or at least specially, upon the re- 
 spiratory organs. Asphyxia may be re- 
 ferred to three principal" sources : exclu- 
 sion of air from the lungs, as in strangula- 
 tion ; introduction of air, into them, unfit 
 for respiration ; and of air possessing dele- 
 terious qualities. Each of these species 
 presents several varieties, with phenomena 
 modified by the peculiar causes from 
 which they have resulted. ASPHYXIE, 
 adj., eiff^vKTos, asphycticus, asphyk- 
 tisch, scheintodt, ohne pulsschlag, as- 
 phyxiated, in a state of apparent death, 
 without pulsation. ASPHYXIER, v. a., to 
 produce a state of Asphyxia. 
 
 ASPIC, s. f. : in Zoology, an Ophidian 
 Reptile, r)?, aspis, L., asp, Co- 
 luber haje, L,irm.,Vipera haje, Duud. : a 
 61 
 
 AST 
 
 native of Egypt ; 2 feet long : much more 
 venomous than the common viper ; and ce- 
 lebrated, in history, as the instrument of 
 Cleopatra's death. In Botany, a popular 
 synonym of Lavendula spica : thus huile 
 A'aspic is synon. with huile de lavande, F., 
 oleum lavendulse, L., lavendelol, G. 
 
 ASPIRATION, s. f., aspiratio, f. JL., a- 
 themholen, n. G. : the act of drawing in 
 air or other fluid, a term, in Physiology, 
 syn. with INSPIRATION. 
 
 AsSA-FffiTIDA, S. f., o-jro; fi^ixos, Asa 
 
 foetida, f. L., stinkasand, stinkender asand, 
 teufelsdreck, m. (stercus diaboli) G., As- 
 safcetida : in Materia Medica, a gum-resin 
 obtained, by incision, from the stem and 
 roots of an umbelliferous plant, Ferula 
 Assa foetida. See FERULE. Internally 
 administered, powerfully antispasmodic, 
 diaphoretic, expectorant; externally, re- 
 solutive. French Officinal Preparations : 
 an Ethereal Tincture, Tinct. ^Etherea de 
 Asa fetida : German : a Volatile Tincture, 
 pills, and plaster, fliichtige Stinkasand- 
 tinctur, Stinkasandpillen, Stinkpflaster : 
 French and German : a simple Tincture, 
 Tinct. Asa fetidse, Stinkasandtinctur. 
 
 ASSIDENT, adj., assidens (assidere, to 
 attend upon), L., concomitant : a term, 
 in Pathology, when applied to symptoms, 
 syn. with ACCESSOIHE. 
 
 ASSIMILATION, s. f., assimilatio, f. (as- 
 similare, to assimilate), I/., o^o/W/y, 
 gleichmachung, f. G. : in Physiology, the 
 act of assimilation, a function common 
 to all organized beings, animal and vege- 
 table ; by virtue of which they transform 
 into their own peculiar substance, the mate- 
 rials taken up from without. ASSIMILER, 
 v. a., assimilare, o^oioiHv, ahnlich ma- 
 chen, to render like. 
 
 ASSOUPISSEMENT, s. m., xccgof, sopor, 
 m., somnolentia, f. L., schlafrigkeit, f. 
 G., drowsiness, imperfect morbid sleep: 
 a symptom common to many diseases, es- 
 pecially those of cerebral origin or compli- 
 cation. ASSOUPISSANT, adj., xa^eanxos, 
 vwurixos, soporifer, soporificus, schliif- 
 rig : a term applied, in Pharmacy, to all 
 stupifying or soporific remedies. 
 
 ASTERNAL, adj. (a, priv., rripm, the 
 breast-bone) : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the false ribs, c6tes asternales, 
 G., costse asternales, spurise, L., die 
 falsche rippen, G. ; which are not direct- 
 ly articulated with the sternum. 
 
 AsTHENIE, S. f., KcrSivtiK (a priv., yfiva;, 
 
 strength), asthenia, f. L., asthenie, 
 schwache, f. G want of strength, debi- 
 lity. Astheny, languor of the vital ac- 
 tion, was distinguished, by Brown, into 
 the direct and indirect : the former result- 
 ing from the deficiency, the latter, from 
 exhaustion consequent on the abuse of 
 stimulants. ASTHENIQUE, adj., iuttw-
 
 AST 
 
 KO;, asthenicus, L., asthenic, pertaining 
 to ; 'Artels, schwach, G., feeble, suf- 
 fering from Asthenia. 
 
 ASTHME, s. m., a<r0fiK, asthma, n. 
 L., asthma, n., engbriistigkeit, f. G. 
 Asthma forms a genus of the 2nd Sub-or- 
 der, Nevroses de la respiration, in Order iv, 
 of the Class Neuroses, of Pinel. It is dis- 
 tinguished by French writers, into the 
 following species or varieties : A convul- 
 sif, nerveu.v, asthma convulsivum, 
 nervosum, L., common convulsive or 
 spasmodic asthma ; A. humide, asthma 
 humidum, asthma with expectoration ; 
 A. sec, asthma siccum. without expecto- 
 ration. The acute asthma, described by 
 Millar, A. aiqn, asthma acutum, must 
 have been phlegmasia of the windpipe, or 
 other portion of the respiratory tube ; 
 and, consequently, very different from 
 real asthma, which probably consists in an 
 irritative and congested state of the mu- 
 cous membrane of the air-cells. By a late 
 French writer, it has been asserted that 
 the asthma of old persons is invariably a 
 consequence of organic lesion of the heart. 
 The frequent complication of cardiac le- 
 sion with asthma, in the aged, is unques- 
 tionable ; but the former may 'commonly 
 be regarded rather as an effect of the ob- 
 structed circulation of blood through the 
 pulmonary vessels during the asthmatic 
 paroxysm, than as a cause of the disease. 
 ASTHMATIQUE, adj., i<r0fe.a.<rixas, asth- 
 maticus, asthmatisch, engbriistig, asth- 
 matic : relating to, affected with, Asthma. 
 
 ASTRAGALE, s. m., <rTyaXaj, astra- 
 galus, talus, m. L., sprungbein, n. G. : in 
 Anatomy, one of the seven bones of the 
 tarsus. ASTRAGALIEN, adj., relating to 
 the astragalus : Ex. Articulation calcanee- 
 astragalienne, F., articulation of the as- 
 tragalus with the os calcis. 
 
 ASTRAGALE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Astragalus (Diadelphia, decnndr. , Leyu- 
 minostB ), L., das Wirbelkraut, Tragant, 
 G., Milk-vetch, containing numerous 
 species ; several of them employed in 
 medicine. Thus, the leaves of the reglisse 
 sauvage, A. glycyphyllos, possessing a sac- 
 charine flavour, are frequently prescribed 
 in retention of urine ; and the astragale de 
 Crete, and gommifere, A. crelicus, and 
 gummifer, in common with several other 
 species, produce gum Tragacanth. See 
 ADRAGANT. 
 
 ASTRICTIOH, s. f.. astrictio, f. (astrin- 
 gere, to astringe, to contract), L., trrv-^n, 
 zusammenziehung, f., astriction: the 
 action of remedes astringens, ipa^axa 
 frvrrixa^astrinffentia, L., adstringiren- 
 de zusammenziehende mittel, G., as- 
 tringent remedies. 
 
 AsTROLOGIE, S. f., affrgoZ.e'yiK (affrgov, a 
 
 star, Xoyay, discourse), astrologia, L., 
 62 
 
 ATL 
 
 astrologie, stermleuterei,f. G., astrology:' 
 doctrine of the stars. Perverted from its 
 original acceptation, this term is now ap- 
 plied to the pretended science of predict- 
 ing events by inspection of the stars. AS- 
 TRO F.OGTTE, s.m., <r<rgsXyas, astrologus, 
 m. L., astrolog, sterndeuter, m. G., an 
 astrologer. 
 
 ATARAXIE, s. f., <raga|/a, ataraxiii, 
 L., gemiithsruhe, seelenruhe, G., 
 ataraxy: exemption from disquietude, 
 tranquillity of soul ; perfect calm of the 
 intellectual and affective faculties. 'A<r- 
 gaxTas, ataractus, ruhig, imperturbed. 
 
 ATAXIE, s. , ra|/, ataxia, f. L.., 
 uuordnung, G., disorder: a term, here- 
 tofore, of extensive application in Patho- 
 logy ; but now restricted to the expres- 
 sion of that state of disorder which charac- 
 terizes nervous fevers. ATAXJQUE, adj., 
 OITIZZTOS, ataxicus, unordentlich, dis- 
 orderly, irregular : announcing, or charac- 
 terized by, Ataxy. Ex. Fievre ataxique, 
 the title given, by Pinel, to malignant or 
 nervous fever. 
 
 ATECHNIE, s. f., artxvia ( priv., rixw, 
 offspring) ateclmia, f. L. This nosologi- 
 cal term is represented, by the French 
 lexicographers, as synonymous with Ago- 
 nie and Anaphrodisie ; and, consequently, 
 as expressive of sterility from sexual apa- 
 thy or impotence, unfruchtbarkeit, of 
 the Germans. Blanchard and Kraus, on 
 the contrary, regard it as descriptive of 
 the childless condition, kinderlosigkeit, 
 G., whether resulting from sterility or 
 privation by death. It is, in fact, suscep- 
 tible of the two-fold construction ; and 
 perfectly correspondent, in etymology and 
 signification, with ATECHME, s. m. 
 
 ATHEROME, s. m., atheroma, n. L. 
 (u6riu,, thick gruel), breigeschwullst, 
 G. : in Pathology, an encysted tumour, 
 containing a pultaceous, gruel-like, matter. 
 ATHEROMATEUX, adj., atheromatodes, 
 L. : of the nature of Atheroma. 
 
 ATHVMIE, s. f., ec4u/u.ia, athymia, 
 L.., muthlosigkeit, traurigkeit, G., 
 want of courage, dejection, melancholy. 
 "Affupes, adj., athymus, muthlos, de- 
 jected, desponding, heartless. 
 
 ATLAS, s. m., rXa?, atlas, m. L., 
 atlas, m., der erste halswirbel, G. : in A- 
 natomy, the first cervical vertebra, which 
 supports the human cranium, as the giant 
 Atlas, in ancient mythology, was said to 
 sustain the heavens. ATLO'JDE, adj., at- 
 loides, Ij., resembling the atlas : substan- 
 tively employed, by Chaussier, as a desig- 
 nation for the atlas itself. 
 
 ATLOI'DO-AXOIDIEX, adj., atloido-axoi- 
 deus, L,. : belonging to the atlas and axis, 
 (2nd cervical vertebra) : Exs. Articulation 
 atlmdo-axoidienne, ligaments atlo'ido-axoi- 
 diens, F., the articulation, and ligaments,
 
 ATO 
 
 which connect with each other, the alias 
 and dentata. 
 
 ATLOIDO-MASTOIDIEN, s. m., and adj., 
 more correctly SOUS-MASTOIDIEN, : a 
 modern term, applied by Chaussier, to the 
 superior lesser oblique muscle of the 
 head, obliquus capitis superior minor, 
 L., oberer kleiner schiefer kopfmus- 
 kel, G., which passes from the transverse 
 process of the atlas, to the occipital ridge 
 behind the mastoid process. 
 
 ATLOIDO-MUSCULAIRE, adj., atloido- 
 
 muscularis, Ij. : a name, given by Girard, 
 to a branch of the occipital artery. 
 
 ATLOIDO-OCCIPITAT., adj., atloido-oc- 
 cipitalis, TJ. : a term, in Anatomy, applied 
 to the articulation of the atlas with the 
 occipital bone. Also, the name, given by 
 Chaussier, to the lesser straight muscle, 
 petit droil posterieur, of the head, rectus 
 capitis posticus minor, L., hinterer klei- 
 ner gerader kopfmuskel, G., which pass- 
 es from the posterior middle of the atlas, 
 to the inferior transverse occipital ridge. 
 
 ATLoiDO-Sous-OcciPiTAi., adj., atloi- 
 do-infra-occipitalis, L. : the term, in Chaus- 
 sier's nomenclature, for the lateral straight 
 muscle droil lateral of the head, rec- 
 tus capitis lateralis, L., seitlicher kopf- 
 muskel, extending from the anterior part 
 of the transverse process of the atlas, to a 
 ridge of the occipital bone, between the 
 condyle and mastoid process. 
 
 ATMIDIATRIQUE, s. f. (ar^os, vapour, 
 ia<rgixv, medicine), atmidiatdce, Li. : the 
 application of simple aqueous or medicated 
 vapours, to the animal body, for the cure 
 of various diseases. 
 
 ATMIDOMETRE, s. m. (ar^oj, and p't- 
 T^av, measure), atmidometrum, n. L. : a 
 vessel, or instrument, in Physics, for 
 measuring the evaporation of water. 
 
 ATMOSPHERE, s. f. (ar^oV, and a-ipa/^a, 
 a sphere), atmosphsera, f. L., atmos- 
 phare,f., -dunstkreis,m. G , atmosphere: 
 the mass of elastic and invisible fluid 
 which, on all sides, envelopes the earth. 
 ATMOSPHERIQUE, adj., atmosphsericus, 
 atmospharisch, atmospheric : belong- 
 ing, or relating to the atmosphere: Exs. 
 Phenomene pierre atmospherique, F., 
 an atmospheric phenomenon, a meteoric 
 stone. ATMOSPHEROI.OGIE, s. f. (same, 
 and Xoyo?, discourse), atmosphaerologia, 
 f. L., atmospharologie, f., die lehre von 
 der aimosph'drischen luft, G. } doctrine of 
 the atmospheric air. 
 
 ATMOSPHEHILIE, s. f., atmospherilion, 
 n. L. : a term by which some naturalists 
 designate all the inorganic substances ex- 
 isting in the atmosphere ; and constituting, 
 with them, a fourth the gaseous king- 
 dom of nature. 
 
 ATOCIE, s. f. (Urmo; , sterile), atocia, f. 
 L., unfruchtbarkeit, f. G., sterility. 
 63 
 
 ATT 
 
 ATOME, s. m., ampus, ( priv., refivu, I 
 cut), atomus, m. L., atom, n. G. : an 
 indivisible particle of matter. ATOMIQUE ? 
 adj., atomicus, atomisch, atomic. 
 
 ATONIE, S. f., aravia, (a priv., <revo{, 
 tone, strength), atonia, f. L., atonic, 
 erschlaffung, schwiiche, f. G., atony : di- 
 minution, or loss, of tone, flaccidity, weak- 
 ness. ATONICUTE, adj., aVavoy, atonicus, 
 
 atonisch, schlaff, atonic : suffering 
 
 from Atony. 
 
 ATRABILE, s. f. (ater, black, bilis, bile): 
 a name given, by the Ancients, to the co- 
 agula of blood evacuated from the rectum 
 of hemorrhoidal patients ; to a morbid 
 condition of the intestinal mucus ; and to 
 an imaginary fluid which they regarded as 
 the source of hypochondriasm, madness, 
 and many other diseases. The term it- 
 self is, in fact, synonymous with the pi- 
 
 xy;a>./' see MET,ANCHOLIE of the 
 
 Greek and schwarxe galle, of the Ger- 
 man writers. ATKABILAIRE, ATRABI- 
 I.IEUX, adj., atrabilaris, atrabiliosus, L.., 
 atrabiliary, atrabilious : connected with, 
 sufferi ng from black bile. 
 
 ATRESIE,S.f, ATRETISME,S.m.(aTrJ, 
 
 unpierced), atresia, imperforatio, f. L,., 
 der mangel einer normalen offnung, G., 
 imperforation: deficiency of a natural open- 
 vug. Atrelus est, cui anus, aut genitalia 
 non perforala sunt, L. 
 ATRICES, s. f. pi., F. and L. Syn. with 
 
 CONDYI.OME, 
 
 ATJIOPHIE, s. f., ar^oty'ia., atrophia, f. 
 Ij., atrophie, daarsucht, f. G., atrophy : 
 want of nourishment, wasting, emaciation. 
 ATROPHIE, a.T/>o<pos, wasted : not receiv- 
 ing nourishment ; in a state of atrophy. 
 
 ATTACHE, s. f. Syn. with INSERTION. 
 
 ATTAQUE, s. f., insultus, m. L., an- 
 fall, angriffj m. G., attack : in Patholo- 
 gy, sudden invasion of a disease. 
 
 ATTELLE, s. f., assula, ferula, f. L.,_ . 
 beinlade, beinschiene, f. G., splint : in 
 Surgery, an instrument of wood, paste- 
 board, or iron, employed in the treatment 
 of fractured or dislocated bones. 
 
 ATTENUAXT, adj., attenuans (atlenu- 
 arc, to make thin), L.., XSU-TUVT/XOS, ver- 
 dunnend, G., attenuant, qualified for 
 making thin : a term, in Materia Medica, 
 appliecl to substances which are thought to 
 possess the property of diminishing the 
 consistence of the animal fluids. ATTENU- 
 ATION, s. f., attenuatio, f. L., \i<r<rva- 
 ^oj.verdiinnung, f. G., attenuation : the 
 action of me'dicamens attenuans, attenu- 
 ant remedies. 
 
 ATTITUDE, s. f., situs corporis, m. L. 
 stellung, leibesstellung, fl G., attitude, 
 position of the body. Correct observation 
 of the attitude of patients may be turned 
 to a valuable account, in the diagnosis and 
 treatment of various diseases.
 
 AUR 
 
 ATTRACTIF, adj., attractivus, attra- 
 hens, Li., anziehend, G., attractive, at- 
 trahent : Ex. Remedes attractives, F., 
 attrahentia, li.,anziehende mittel, G., 
 remedies which, like blisters and other 
 counter-irritants, possess the property of 
 drawing the animal fluids to any surface 
 upon which they are applied. 
 
 ATTRACTION, s. f., attractio, f. (attra- 
 here, to draw together), L., ox*, anzie- 
 hung, f. G., attraction : in Physics, the 
 power, universally pervading nature, 
 whereby bodies, or the parts constituting 
 bodies, are drawn towards each other ; as 
 the attraction of gravitation, attr. plane- 
 taire, F. ; and chemical or molecular at- 
 traction, chimique ou moleculaire. See 
 AFFINITE. 
 
 ATTRITION, s. f., attritio, f. (atterere, 
 to rub against, to bruise), L , aufreibung, 
 G., attrition : in Physics, the friction 
 -frottement, F., of two bodies against 
 each other : in Surgery, excoriation of the 
 surface, ecorchure superficielle, from fric- 
 tion ; or the crushing of parts, contusion, 
 ecrasement, consequent on violent injury. 
 
 ATYFIQUE, adj., &ruv/>s ( priv., TUVO;, 
 type), atypicus, L.., atypisch, unregel- 
 massig, G., atypical : an epithet applied 
 to periodical diseases, as intermittent fe- 
 ver, when exhibiting irregularity in their 
 recurrence. 
 
 AUBIER, s. m., alburnum, n. L.,_ 
 spint, m. G. : in Botany, the exterior 
 woody portion of the trunk and branches 
 of trees ; interposed between the bark and 
 true wood, into which it is annually con- 
 verted ; forming concentric circles. 
 
 AUDITIF, adj., auditorius (auditus, the 
 sense of hearing), L., axovtrnxos, audito- 
 ry. Syn. with ACOUSTIQUE. Exs. Con- 
 duits auditifs, externe et interne, F., 
 meatus auditorius externus et internus, 
 L. ; osselets auditifs, de 1'ouie, ossicula 
 auditoria, auditus, L., ^eAb'rknochelchen, 
 G., bones of the internal ear. 
 
 AUDITION, s. , auditus, m. L.., *<m, 
 __gehor, n. G., sense of hearing. 
 
 AUNEE, s. f., a species, in Botany, of 
 the Genus, Inula, /. helenium, ixiviov, 
 brustalant, helenenkraut, G., Elecam- 
 pane. See INULE. Root, alantwurzel, 
 G., aromatic and tonic. The French and 
 Germans have an Extract, and the latter, 
 an Ointment, of Elecampane: Extractum 
 Helenii, Alantextract, Alantsalbe. 
 
 AURA, s. f., from the Latin, au^a, -rvati, 
 lufthauch, m., liiftchen, n. G. : a term, 
 employed by physicians, to designate a 
 vapour or subtle emanation rising from a bo- 
 dy, and forming an atmosphere around it: 
 Exs. in Physiology, Aura vitalis, the prin- 
 ciple of life, regarded, by some, as a gase- 
 ous fluid ; seminalis, pars maxime subti- 
 lis seminis masculini, quae ad ovarium fcc- 
 
 64 
 
 AUS 
 
 mininum penetrans, unum, vel plura ovu- 
 la, foecundat, L. : in Pathology, Aura epi- 
 leptica, the sensation of a slight vapour 
 which, ascending from the limbs or trunk 
 to the head, announces, in some patients, 
 the invasion of the epileptic paroxysm. 
 
 AURANTIACKES, f. pi., AurantiaceeB, 
 L. : in Botany, a family of dicotyledonous 
 polypetalous plants, with hypogynous 
 stamens. It comprizes several genera 
 highly interesting in their connection with 
 medicine and dietetics. See CITRON, O- 
 RANGE, LIMON. Their leaves, bark, and 
 the rind of their fruit, yield an aromatic 
 volatile oil : the pulp of the latter is in- 
 variably acid. 
 
 AUREOLE, s. f., aureola, f. L. Syn. 
 with AREOLE. 
 
 AURICULAIRE, adj., sometimes spelled 
 ORICUL.AIRE, auricularis (auricula, the 
 external ear), UTIKO;, zum ohr gehorig, 
 G., auricular, belonging to the ear, par- 
 ticularly the external ear: Ex. There 
 are three pairs of auricular muscles : 1. 
 Muscle auriculaire superieur (temporo-o- 
 riculaire, Ch.), F., attollens superior 
 auris, L., auf'wiirtszieher des ohres, G., 
 extending from the upper part of the root 
 of the auricular cartilage, to the epicranial 
 aponeurosis ; 2. auriculaire anterieur (zy- 
 gomato-oriculaire, Ch.), anterior auris, 
 vorwiirtszieher des ohres, from the back 
 of the helix, to the zygomatic process of 
 
 the temporal bone : 3 auriculaire poste- 
 
 rieur (mastoido-oriculaire, Ch.), retra- 
 hens posterior auris, riickwartszieher 
 des ohres, from the back part of the ear, 
 to the mastoid process. 
 
 AURICULE, ORICULE, s. , auricula, f. 
 (dim. of auris), L., das aussere ohr, G., 
 in Anatomy, the external ear. In Bo- 
 tany, the tabulated and rounded appen- 
 dage existing at the base of certain flowers 
 and petioles. AURICULE, adj., auricula- 
 tus : an epithet applied to all parts of 
 plants which are furnished with an auricle. 
 
 AURICULO-VENTRICULAIRE, adj., au- 
 riculo-ventricularis, JL. : common to the 
 auricle and ventricle of the heart : a term, 
 in Anatomy, applied to the aperture of 
 communication auricula-ventricular open- 
 ing which exists between the two cavi- 
 ties, on each side, of the heart ; and, some- 
 times, also, to the valves, valvules mi- 
 trales et tricuspides, F., with which they 
 are respectively furnished. 
 
 AURISCALPIUM, s. m. : a term from the 
 Latin (auris, ear, scalpere, to rake), ura- 
 yXvtfis, ohrloffel, m. G., ear-pick : an in- 
 strument, cure-oreille, F., quo ceru- 
 men, vel alia heterogenea corpora, ex me- 
 atu auditorio extrahuntur, L. 
 
 AURONE male, s. See ABROTANUM. 
 femelle. See SANTOLINE. 
 
 AUSCULTATION, s. , auscultatio,
 
 AUT 
 
 f auscultare, to listen), I,., zuhoren, n. 
 G.: the act of listening : a term first ap- 
 plied, by Laennec, to exploration of the 
 chest by means of an instrument, called a 
 Stethoscope. 
 
 AUSTERE, adj., ava-rn^os, austerus, L., 
 rauh, herbe, G., austere : that quality 
 of substances, which produces on the or- 
 gan of taste, the highest degree of the im- 
 pression, called Acerbity. 
 
 AUTEMESIE, S. f. (alres, Self, tfturif, 
 
 vomiting), autemesia, f. L.. : a name, gi- 
 ven by A libert, to idiopathic or spontane- 
 ous vomiting; which constitutes, in the No- 
 soloffie Naturelle, the 8th genus of the fa- 
 mily of Gastroses. 
 
 AUTOCRATIC, s. f. (alrts, self, XPO.TOS, 
 power), autocratia, f. L*, selbstherr- 
 schaft, fl G. : the internal independent pow- 
 er which the ancient writers, and some 
 moderns, have admitted as existing in the 
 animal organism. AUTOCRATIUUE, adj., 
 autocraticus, L., selbstherrschend, G.* 
 spontaneous, independent. 
 
 AUTOLITHOTOMISTE, S. m. (auTOi, Self, 
 
 ^i0oTop.os, lithotomist) : a term, applied by 
 French lexicographers, to persons who are 
 said to have performed upon themselves, 
 the operation of lithotomy. 
 
 AUTOMATE, s. m., avrofiarav, substan- 
 tively employed, automaton, n. L.., au- 
 tomat, m. G., automaton : a machine 
 which, apparently, moves of itself. AUTO- 
 MATIQUE, adj., avrofj.a.'nis, automaticus, 
 automatisch, automatic: an epithet 
 applied, in Physiology, to the movements 
 which proceed from the mere structure of 
 organs, without the apparent concurrence 
 of the will. 
 
 AUTOMKE, s. m., 'ova(>., autumnus, 
 m. L., herbst, m. G., autumn : a period 
 of the year extending from the summer 
 equinox to the winter solstice. AUTOM- 
 NAL, adj., autumnalis, herbstlich, au- 
 tumnal, belonging to, or appearing in, au- 
 tumn: Ex. Febres autumnales, JL., the 
 intermittent fevers which prevail in Au- 
 tumn. 
 
 AUTOPSIE, s. f., Kvro^iu, autopsia, f. 
 I.,., autopsie, f, selbstsehen, n. G., au- 
 topsy : the act of examining for one's self, 
 personal inspection. This term has late- 
 ly been introduced, in combination with an 
 adjective, by French writers, to express 
 the act of inspecting the animal body for 
 pathological or medico-juridical purposes : 
 Autopsie cadaverique. Although not un- 
 objectionable, it is surely less offensive to 
 correct taste, than the'baibarous "post- 
 mortem examination," of certain British 
 pathologists. AUTOPTIQUE, ? autopti- 
 cus, autoptisch, autoptical : pertaining 
 to Autopsy. 
 
 AUTRUCHE, s. f. : a genus, in Ornitho- 
 logy, Slruthio ( Struthiones, Bl. ; E'chassi- 
 
 65 
 
 AVC) 
 
 en, brevipennes, Cuv.), L. : also, the prin- 
 cipal species, S. camelus, rretuttKeiiAnKtt, 
 Straus, m. G., ostrich, a large, swift- 
 footed bird, inhabiting the sandy deserts 
 of Africa. The flesh, proscribed, as an ar- 
 ticle of diet, to the Israelites, was eaten 
 by the Roman Emperors. The egg has a 
 sweetish flavour. Its shell, and the fat of 
 the bird, were formerly much employed 
 in medicine. 
 
 AUXESIE, s. f, $#/{, auxesis, f., 
 augmentum, n. L.., vermehrung, zu- 
 nahme, f. G., increase : Ex., in Patho- 
 logy, Auxesis morbi, L., die zunahme der 
 krankheit, G., increase aggravation of 
 the disease. 
 
 AUXILIAIRE, s. m., and adj., auxiliaris 
 (auxilium, aid), L.,^-auxiliary. Svn. with 
 ADJUVANT. 
 
 A.VA& T-BOUCHE, s. f., os anticum, L. : 
 that part of the cavity of the mouth which 
 extends to the velum palati. 
 
 AVANT-BRAS, s. m., cubitus, m., pars 
 inferior brachii, L., vorderarm, m. G., 
 fore-arm : in Anatomy, that portion of the 
 thoracic extremity, which is comprized be- 
 tween the proper arm and hand. See Ax- 
 
 TIBRACHIAJL. 
 
 AVANT-CCEUR, s. m. Syn. with ANTI- 
 
 CARDE. 
 
 AVANT-COUREUR : a term, in Patholo- 
 gy, employed to express the precursory 
 signs or phenomena, signes ou phe'no- 
 menes precurseurs, F., signa prcecurren- 
 tia, L., of diseases. 
 
 AVEtTGLE, adj., rtxpXof, C36CUS, I,., 
 
 blind, G. and E., deprived of sight, dark : 
 an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to de- 
 signate certain holes and cavities which 
 terminate in a cul-de-sac ; as the trou aveu- 
 gle de 1'os frontal, de la langue, F., fo- 
 ramen caecum (bhndes loch, G.) ossis fron- 
 talis, et linguae, L. ; and intestin aveuyle, 
 caecum intestinum, L., ru/p^ov iWia>, 
 blinde darm, G., the caecum, or blind gut. 
 AVEUGLE-NE", s. m., and adj.,-^-rwp;uyjv>j;, 
 born blind. 
 
 AVEUGLEMENT, S. m., Tt/<pXTf, C86- 
 
 citas, f. L., blindheit, f. G., blindness : 
 privation of sight de jour, see NYCTA- 
 LOPIE de nuit, see HEMERALOPIE. 
 
 AVOINE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 
 Avena (Triandria, digyn. ; Graminetej, L., 
 der Hafer, G., Oat-grass. The seedt 
 
 of the cultivated species, A. sativa, 1'a- 
 
 voine cultive'e, F., common oat-grass, 
 
 are employed as food for man and the djQ- 
 mestic animals. The groats, and meal, pre- 
 pared from them, avenae decorticatae, et 
 farina, L., hafergriitze, , hafermehl, n. 
 G., make the best gruel, gruau d'avoine, 
 F., haferschleim, m. G. 
 
 AVORTEMEVT, s. m., a^/3xw(, abor- 
 
 tio, f. L.., missgebaren, n. G., abortion, 
 miscarriage ; expulsion of the foetus be-
 
 AXO 
 
 fore the natural period. AVOHTER, v. n., 
 ttft^taut, aboriri, missgebaren, to 
 miscarry. 
 
 AVORTON, s. m., a^/SXw^/S/av, abor- 
 tus, m. L., eine unzeitige geburt, G., 
 an abortion, an abortive child ; an animal 
 born before its time. 
 
 AVULSIOK, s. f. See ARHACHEMENT. 
 
 AXE, s. , a&v, axis, L., achse, f., 
 eine gerade linie durch den mittelpunkt 
 eines Korpers, G., axis : a right line pas- 
 sing through the centre of a body or ca- 
 vity, and following the principal direction 
 of such body or cavity. Thus, the axis 
 of vision, axe de la vision, ou optique, 
 F., is the straight line which, falling per- 
 pendicularly on the eye, passes through 
 the centre of the pupil, to the centre of 
 the sclerotica. In Botany, the elongated 
 peduncle upon which several flowers are 
 attached, is also called the axis : it is sim- 
 ple in Plantain ; branched, rameux, F., 
 in Heliotrope ; bent and articulated, ./fe- 
 xueux et artieule, in Lolium ; and fleshy, 
 charnu, in Brometta. In the spike, epi, 
 of the Graminea, it is termed rachis, 
 spindel, m. G. The axis of a fruit is the 
 ideal line which passes from the base to 
 the summit. Sometimes such axis really 
 exists ; and is then distinguished as the co- 
 lumelle, f. F., columella, f. L., mittel- 
 siiulchen, n. G., central pillaret. 
 
 AXILI.AIBE, adj., axillaris (axilla, the 
 arm-pit), I..., zur achselgrube gehiirig, 
 G., axillary : belonging to the axilla, or 
 arm-pit : Exs. in Anatomy, Vaisseaux ax- 
 illaires, F., vasa (arteria et vena) axilla- 
 ria, L.., die ac&se/blutadern, G.. the ax- 
 illary blood-vessels (artery and vein) ; 
 glandes axillaires, giandulae axillares, 
 die achseldrusen, the axillary glands. In 
 Botany, flores et folia sub basi rami inserti, 
 vocantur axillares, L. See AJSSELLE. 
 
 Axis, s. m., a|<wv, axis, epistropheus, 
 m., vertebra dentata, L., achse, , 
 zweiter halswirbel, G., the second cervi- 
 cal vertebra ; which has acquired its de- 
 signations from the presence of a tooth-like 
 process whereon the atlas and cranium ro- 
 tate together, as upon a pivot. AxoioE, 
 adj., axoides, L., axoid, pivot-shaped : 
 an epithet substantively employed, by 
 Chaussier, to designate the Axis itselfl 
 
 AXOIDO-ATLOIDIEK, a. m., and adj., 
 axoido-atloideus : the name given, by 
 Chaussier, to the inferior oblique muscle 
 of the head, Oblique inferieur de la tele, 
 F., obliquus capitis inferior major, L,., 
 unterer grosser schiefer kopfmuskel, 
 G. ; which extends from the spinous pro- 
 cess of the axis, to the transverse process 
 of the atlas : also, the epithet applied to 
 the articulation and ligaments which con- 
 nect these two vertebra with each other. 
 AXOIDO-OCCIPITAI., a. m., and adj., 
 
 66 
 
 AZY 
 
 axoido-occipitalis: Chaussier's term for the 
 posterior straight muscle droit posterieur, 
 F., of the head, rectus capitis posticus 
 major, L., hinterer grosser gerader kopf- 
 muskel, G. ; extending from the spinous 
 process of the axis, to the inferior trans- 
 verse ridge of the os occipitis. 
 
 AXONGE, s. , axungia, , pinguedo 
 vel adeps porci, L., friaa uuot, schmalz, 
 schweinfett, n. G., hogs-lard. This sub- 
 stance, graisse de pore, F., is composed 
 of stearine and elain ; and is much em- 
 ployed, pharmaceutically, in the formation 
 of ointments and pommades. The term, 
 axungia, (axis unguen), is obviously deri- 
 ved from its having been used, by the an- 
 cients, to grease their chariot-wlieels. 
 
 AZEDARACH, s. m. : a species, in Bota- 
 ny, belonging to the genus Melia ( Decan- 
 dria, monogyn. ; Meliaceaj, L. The roots 
 and fruit of the M. azedarach, common 
 Bead-tree, an Asiatic species naturalized 
 in south Europe, are regarded as vermi- 
 fuye. The pulp of the latter is poisonous. 
 
 AZOODYNAMIE, S. f. (a priv., Z,ur>, life, 
 
 Svvafti;, power), azoodynamia, L., der 
 mangel an lebensthdtigkeit, G., diminution, 
 or privation, of the vital powers. 
 
 AZOTATE, s. m., azotas, m. L. Syn. 
 with NITRATE. 
 
 AZOTE, s. m. (a priv., *, life), azo- 
 tum, n. L., azot, nitrogen, n., stickstoff, 
 m., stickluft, G., azote, nitrogen : a 
 simple gaseous body, specifically lighter 
 than atmospheric air, but constituting 
 four fifths of that fluid : unfit for the sus- 
 tenance of combustion and animal life ; 
 her.ce its name. It enters into the com- 
 position of nitric acid, ammonia, all ani- 
 mal, and many vegetable, substances 
 AZOTE, adj., azotatus, L, containing 
 azote. 
 
 AZOTENESE, s. , azotencsis, f. L. 
 
 All diseases induced, or supposed to be 
 induced, by the predominance of azote in 
 the human body, have been classed toge- 
 ther, by Baumes, under the title of Azo- 
 teneses. 
 
 AZOTEUX, AZOTIQUE, adj., azotosus, 
 azoticus, L. : epithets, which some che- 
 mists have proposed to apply to the nitrous 
 and nitric acids, respectively. In this 
 case, the terms, AZOTATE and AZOTITE, 
 s. m., azotas, azotis, m. L., must obvi- 
 ously be substituted for the Nitrate, and 
 Nitrite, at present employed in French 
 Chemistry. 
 
 AZOTUHE, s. m. : the combination of 
 azote with a simple combustible body. 
 
 AZYGOS, adj., agwytis (a priv., gvyas, 
 
 yoke), azygos, L., ungepaart, G., un- 
 matched, pairless, without a fellow. This 
 term is applied, in Anatomy, to a muscle 
 of the palate, Muscle Azygos, (palato-sta- 
 phylin, Ch.), F.,azyffos uvuUe, ~L.,un-
 
 AZY 
 
 gepaarter muskel? G., extending from 
 the palatine suture to the tip of the uvula ; 
 and a vein, Veine azyyos, pxe^ &%"'**> 
 vena azygos, die ungepaarte blutader, 
 
 G., which, originating from the inferior 
 
 vena cava, or the mesenteric, or some- 
 times one of the lumbar or renal veins, 
 passes up, on the right of the vertebral 
 column, with the aorta and thoracic duct ; 
 and pours the contents into the superior 
 cava near its termination in the right au- 
 ricle of the heart. Chaussier calls this 
 
 vessel, veine prelombo-thoracique; and 
 distinguishes, by a prefix of the epithet, 
 petite, a smaller, Veine demi-azygos, 
 which, taking its rise from the left renal 
 and corresponding lumbar veins, creeps 
 up the left side of the spine ; and,,about 
 the level of the 8th dorsal vertebra, ter- 
 minates in the larger vena azygos. 
 
 AZYME, adj. (a priv., &p.?i, leaven), un- 
 leavened : Ex. Pain azyme, F., a^rot 
 
 ci&fAit;. panis azyrnus, L., wiges'duert 
 
 brod, G., unleavened bread. 
 
 B. 
 
 BAD 
 
 BAI 
 
 BABEURE, BABEURRE, s. m., lait de 
 beurre, butyri serum, n. L., butter- 
 milch, f. G., buttermilk. 
 
 BABILLEMENT, s. m., aSoXs<r^;/'a, gar- 
 rulitas, loquacitas, f. L., geschwatzigkeit, 
 schwauzhaf'tigkeit, f. G., garrulity, lo- 
 quacity : the propensity to excessive and 
 rapid talking, frequently a symptom of 
 disease ; as of Hysteria. 
 
 BACCHIE, s. f., bacchia, f. (Bacchus, the 
 God of Wine), Varus faciei cum nodis 
 maculisque coloratis, chronicis, L., eine 
 gesichtspustel, die oft bei trinkern ent- 
 steht, G., a red elevated spot or pus- 
 tule which frequently disfigures the face 
 of those wlio indulge in excessive drinking 
 of wine or spirits. 
 
 BACCIFKRK, adj., baccifer (bacca, a ber- 
 ry, ferre, to bear), L., beeren tragend, 
 G., bacciferous, berry-bearing : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Botany, to those plants 
 which produce berries. 
 
 BACCIFORME, adj., bacciformis (bacca, 
 and forma, form), L., beerenformig, 
 beerenartig, G., bacciform, berry-like : 
 a term, in Botany, synonymous with bac- 
 cien, F. ; and applied to fruits which, with 
 a general resemblance, in structure, to the 
 berry, do not exhibit all its characters. 
 
 BACILE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Crithmum ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbelli- 
 ferce), L., cler Meerfenchel, G., Sam- 
 phire : also the name of the only Europe- 
 an species of the genus, C. Maritimum, 
 criste-marine, passe-pierre, perce-pierre, 
 F., Sea-samphire, a plant, growing on 
 rock} 7 coasts ; whose leaves, with a saline 
 and slightly aromatic flavour, possess ape- 
 rient and diuretic properties, and are fre- 
 quently eaten, preserved with vinegar, as 
 a pickle. 
 
 BACOVE, s. f. : the vulgar name of the 
 Musa Sapientium, bananier des sages, F., 
 Banana-tree. 
 
 BADAMIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Terminalia, ( Polygamia, monoec.; Combre- 
 tacecej, L.., containing a few species 
 
 67 
 
 which are all resinous trees, and natives 
 of India. One of them, T. casappa, 
 broad-leaved Terminalia, produces an al- 
 mond-like fruit, from which a pure and 
 edible oil may be obtained. 
 
 BADIANE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Illicium ( Polyandria, polygyn. ; Magnolia- 
 cetB), L., dtr Sternanis, G., Aniseed- 
 tree, containing a few exotic species : al- 
 so, the French term employed to designate 
 one of these species, /. anisatum. The 
 fruit is a star-shaped capsule, of five or 
 seven rays : each contains one seed, of a 
 warm, aromatic, grateful taste, resem- 
 bling that of Dill, hence its popular 
 French name. Anis eloile. These seeds 
 possess stimulating properties, and impart 
 to the liqueur called Anisette de Bordeaux, 
 the pleasant flavour by which it is distin- 
 guished. 
 
 BADUKKA, s. m. : the Indian name of a 
 species, in Botany, belonging to the Ge- 
 nus Capparis, Caper-tree. See CARRIER. 
 The flowers of this plant, C. badukka, are 
 large, and purgative ; the leaves, employed 
 in the composition of liniments. 
 
 BAGUENAUDIER, s. m. : a genus, in 
 Botany, Colutea ( Diadelphia, decandr.; 
 Leguminosce ), L., der Blasenbaum, G., 
 Bladder-Senna, one of the several spe- 
 cies of which, C. arborescens, common 
 Bladder-senna, a native of South Europe, 
 is generally cultivated as an ornamental 
 shrub, in gardens. Its leaves, bitter and 
 purgative, are sometimes employed as a 
 substitute for those of the Officinal Senna. 
 
 BATE, s. f., x'oxxos, bacca, f. L., bee- 
 re, f. G., berry : in Botany, a variety of 
 pericarp or seed-vessel, containing one or 
 more seeds enveloped in pulp. It receives 
 various trivial designations, from the pe. 
 culiarities of figure and consistence, and 
 the number of cells and of seeds, which it 
 exhibits or contains. It is simple, round, 
 succose (juicy), and polyspermal, as in the 
 genus, Riles; compound, when consist- 
 ing of several monospermal (single seeded " 
 F2
 
 BAI 
 
 grains, sometimes named Acini, as in 
 Rubus; oval, as in Herberts vulgaris; 
 dry, as in Hedera ; and corticate (thick- 
 rinded) as in Citrus. It is termed spurious, 
 when originating from conversion into 
 pulp, of the calyx, corolla, or receptacle. 
 For an account of all these varieties of 
 structure and designation, see Smith's 
 Grammar of Botany, p. 23 ; and Catechis- 
 mus der Botanik, Erstes Bandchen, p. 202. 
 
 BAILLEMENT, s. m., Baffin, oscita- 
 tio, I.,., giihnen, n. G., gaping, yawn- 
 ing. Oscitante uno, oscitat et alter, L. 
 
 BAILLON, s. m., Speculum oris, L. : an 
 instrument, in Surgery, usually made of 
 common wood, or cork, and introduced be- 
 tween the molar teeth in order to keep 
 open the mouth during the performance 
 of various operations in its interior. Bail- 
 Ion dentaire, F. : a plate of gold, silver, 
 or platina, fixed upon the hinder teeth, in 
 order to prevent the incisors and canine of 
 the two jaws from coming into contact, ei- 
 ther during sleep, or mastication of food. 
 
 BAIN, s. m., xu<rgav, /3Xavsrv, balne- 
 um, n. L., bad, n. G., bath : in Medi- 
 cine, the immersion of the whole or part 
 of an animal body in any other medium 
 than that of the atmosphere, ordinarily, 
 in water ;. the medium, containing vessel, 
 or inclosed space, destined for the per- 
 formance of such immersion ; an establish- 
 ment, ptivate or public, devoted to the 
 purposes of bathing. 
 
 The substance, or medium, employed 
 for the bath, may consist of a solid body, 
 of an elastic fluid, or a common liquid. 
 Of the first description, dry bath, trock- 
 nes bad, G., is the bain de terre, de sa- 
 ble, F., earth and sand-bath: See ARE- 
 NATION: of the second, bain d'electricite,, 
 de calorique (Tetuve sec), de vapeur, the e- 
 lectrical, dry-stove, and vapour-(including 
 common steam and fumigation-) baths r 
 of the third and last, that which is pre- 
 pared with water, milk, wine, or oiL 
 
 Water, the ordinary medium of immer- 
 sion, may be employed pure and simple, 
 naturally, or artificially (by solution, dis- 
 tillation, decoction, or infusion) impregna- 
 ted with saline and stimulating, volatile, 
 odorous, or narcotic substances, or in the 
 state of vapour. In the first and second 
 cases, it may be hot or warm, bain chaud, 
 F., balneum calidum, L., heisses 
 warmes bad, G., (varying, in tempera- 
 ture, from 40 to 30 degrees of Reaumur; 
 122_98 Fahrenheit); tepid, tiede,te- 
 pidum, kues (26 R. ; 90 F.) ; or cold, 
 froid, frigidum, kaltes, of the tem- 
 perature of the surrounding atmosphere, 
 or not exceeding 12 R. ; 60 F. In the 
 latter case, like the preceding, it may be 
 simple, or medicated; and be generally or 
 partially applied. 
 
 68 
 
 BAL 
 
 The water-bath may also be taken by 
 affusion, as well as immersion. See AF- 
 FUSION. Partial affusion constitutes the 
 DOUCHE, of French writers ; general affu- 
 sion, the shower-bath, tropfbad, n. G., 
 for which they have no corresponding 
 term. Complete immersion, with exception 
 of the head, is designated Bain entier, F. ; 
 of the lower portion of the trunk, and 
 lower limbs, defautueil, ou de siege ; of 
 the head alone, de fete, see CAPITI- 
 tuvz ; of the hands, de mains, ou M A- 
 NILUVE ; of the feet, de pieds, ou PEDI- 
 LUVE. The plunging-bath, finally, consti- 
 tutes a distinct variety of general immer- 
 sion ; as do the LOTION and FOMENTA- 
 TION, of partial bathing. 
 
 In Chemistry, Bain-marie, and Bain de 
 Sable, are vessels filled with hot water, and 
 with sand, for the immersion of other ves- 
 sels, containing the various substances 
 which the operator is about to subject to 
 the process of distillation or evaporation. 
 For the latter term, see AMMOCHOSIE. 
 
 BALANCE, s. f., 2>yj, libra, f. L., 
 wage, wagschale, f. G., balance, pair of 
 scales : a lever of the first kind ; consist- 
 ing essentially of a beam, fieau, m. F., 
 and of two "flat or concave plates pla- 
 teaux ou bassins of metal, glass, or wood, 
 employed to ascertain the weight of vari- 
 ous bodies in air. Balance hydroslatique, 
 hydrostatic scales, is an instrument used 
 for weighing substances in distilled water, 
 in order to determine their specific gravi- 
 ty. The inferior surface of one of the 
 scales of this instrument, which must be 
 very delicately constructed, is furnished 
 with a hook, upon which the substance 
 about to be weighed, may be suspended. 
 
 BALANE, s. f. : a name heretofore ap- 
 plied to pessaries or suppositories, from 
 their resemblance, in figure, to an acorn, 
 SaXavas, balanus, L. : also, a genus, in 
 Conchology, Balanus. recently separated 
 from the Lepas, or Acorn-shell (Order, 
 Afultivalve;T)iv., Toothless; Section, Oper- 
 culated), the inhabitants of several species 
 of which, as B. sulcatus, and tintinnabu- 
 lum, Balane glande-de-mer, and Balane 
 tulipe, F., were used, by the ancients, as 
 artkles of diet ; and are still eaten by the 
 modern Greeks and Chinese. The diete- 
 tic employment of these animals, among 
 the Romans, is attested by the following 
 quotation from their comic Poet, Plautus : 
 
 " Ostreas, Balanos, captamus conchas." 
 
 BALANITE, s. f. (6Xavf, penis suprema 
 pars, prseputio tecta), balanitis, f., glandis 
 
 penis inflammatio, L., eichelnentziind- 
 
 ung, G., inflammation of the glans 
 
 penis. BALANORRHAGIE, 8. f. (same, and 
 pwytvpi, I flow with force), balanorrhagia 
 (balanoblennorrhcea, or balanorrhoea), f.
 
 BAL 
 
 Li., eichelschleimfluss, eicheltripper, m- 
 G., a mucous running from the glans. 
 
 BALAUSTE, s. f., 6aXaiW/s, balusti- 
 um, n. L. : a name given to the flower of 
 the Pomegranate (les fleurs du grenadier, 
 F., flores mali Punici, L., die granat- 
 bliithen, granatapfelnbliithen, G.) ; quo- 
 rum usus in gargarismatibus est frequen- 
 tissimus, L., most frequently employed 
 in gargles. See GRENADIER. 
 
 BALBUTIEMENT, s. m., begaiement, 
 rjai/x/^o?, ^exx/^of, balbuties, titubatio 
 linguae, L., stammeln, stottern, n. G., 
 stammering, stuttering. The causes 
 and nature of this singular affection are, 
 at present, but little understood ; and its 
 treatment, founded upon narrow views, 
 and conducted in an empirical spirit, as 
 unscientific as ineffectual. Three varie- 
 ties of impeded utterance may be distin- 
 guished in practice: the congenital, re- 
 sulting from original defect in the struc- 
 ture of the brain, and usually connected 
 with idiotism or mental imbecility ; mor- 
 bid, induced by sanguineous congestion, or 
 extravasation into the substance, of the 
 brain, as in Apoplexy or Paralysis, or con- 
 sequent on active disease, originating 
 from, or implicating, the cerebral organ ; 
 and acquired, as it often appears, uncon- 
 nected with congenital defect or organic 
 lesion, most commonly in young persons, 
 of fervid imagination, acute sensibility, in- 
 ordinate " love of approbation", and defici- 
 ent " self-esteem." In the first variety, 
 the impediment is incurable ; in the se- 
 cond, it will frequently yield to physical 
 remedies, especially continued vesication 
 of the posterior cervical region ; in the 
 third, moral discipline is principally to be 
 relied on. The defect is, in all, essentially 
 connected with paralysis, or with an ato- 
 nic condition, of the inferior laryngeal (re- 
 current) branch of the pneumo-gastric 
 (8th pair of) nerves. See Palmer, Illus- 
 trations of Medicine, p. 63; and Voisin, 
 Du Begaiement, Paris, 1821. Impeded ut- 
 terance, partaking of the torpor of Para- 
 lysis, and the convulsive character of Cho- 
 rea, is evidently a nervous affection ; and, 
 as such, should occupy a place immediate- 
 ly after them, among the Neuroses, hi a 
 philosophical system of Nosology. BAL- 
 BUTIES, v. n., be"gayer, ^sxx/lsiv, bal- 
 butire, L., stammeln,G., to stammer. 
 BEGUE, s. m., balbus (-v/^xxos, stam- 
 melnd, stammering), adj. L., substan- 
 tively employed, stammler, m. G., a 
 stammerer. 
 
 BALEINE, s. f., *aXa<i>a, Balsena, f. 
 L., Wallfisch, m. G., Baleen or Whale- 
 bone "VVbale : in Zoology, the only genus 
 in the section, Finless, of the sub-order, 
 Toothless ( Edentata J, of the Order Ceta- 
 cea ; and containing one species, Baleine 
 
 BAL 
 
 franche, F., B. mysticetus, comm on 
 black, or great Greenland Whale. See 
 CETACEE. Its jaws are furnished with 
 the substance called Whalebone, instead of 
 teeth, see FANON : and the blubber, 
 der wallfischspeck, G., interposed be- 
 tween the muscular structure and skin, 
 affords the Fish-oil, fischol, n., fischthran, 
 m., in abundance. Formerly all the 
 known species of Whalebone Whale (four 
 or five) were referred to Baltena; but 
 those which are furnished with a dorsal or 
 back fin, constitute, in modern systems, a 
 distinct genus, Baleenoptera, Baleinop- 
 tere, F., Balanopter, Flosswallfisch, 
 
 Wallfisch mit einer riickenflosse, G., 
 
 Balaena, with a dorsal fin. See APTERE. 
 
 The flesh of the Baleena, red, coarse, 
 hard, and difficult of digestion, is common- 
 ly eaten by the uncivilized inhabitants of 
 maritime districts, or by men suffering 
 from privation of ordinary food : and the 
 tongue, heart, and even tail of the young, 
 are represented as constituting delicate 
 articles of diet. For an account of these 
 stupendous animals, see Lacepede, His- 
 toire Naturelle des Cetacees ; Cloquet, 
 Faune des Medecins, v. ii., p. 221 ; and 
 Scoresby's Account of the Arctic Regions. 
 
 BALIGOULE, s. m. : the name of an edi- 
 ble fungus, Agaricus eryngii, which 
 springs from the roots of Eryngium cam- 
 pestre. See PANNICAUT. 
 
 BALLE, s. f., gluma, f. L., spelze, 
 kelchspelze, f., balg, m., die ausserste hiille 
 der bliilhe bei den grasern, G., glume 
 or husk: the chaffy calyx peculiar to 
 grasses ; of which the awn (see ARETE), 
 although commonly attached to the chaffy 
 corolla, glumella, L., kronenspelze, 
 balglein, G., is occasionally an appen- 
 dage. The dried husk (chaff) of the oat, 
 Avena sativa, serves for the construction 
 of the cushions (sachets ou paillassons, F.), 
 employed in the treatment of fractured 
 limbs. 
 
 BALLON, s. m., *.r,x.v0<>s, ampulla, f. 
 L. : a spherical glass vessel, with a cylin- 
 drical neck, which constitutes its only 
 orifice. Furnished with a stop-cock, ba'l- 
 lon a robiquet, it is employed in the weigh- 
 ing of gases : when perforated with one 
 or more additional orifices, ballon tubule, 
 it serves for a receiver in the process of 
 distillation. 
 
 BALLONNEMENT, s. m., Iftvviv/tecTutrts, 
 inflatio, f., partis alicujus, et maxime 
 
 intestinorum, a flatibus distensio, L., 
 
 aufblahung, f. G., inflation, inordinate 
 distension of any part, especially the ab- 
 domen, by an accumulation of gas (flatus) 
 in the bowels or peritoneum. It fre- 
 quently occurs in gastro-enteritis, perito- 
 nitis, hysteria, and typhoid fevers towards 
 their fatal close. BALLONNE, adj.,
 
 BAN 
 
 nutvet, inflatus, inflated : Ex. yentre 
 ballonne, F., a belly distended with flatus. 
 
 BALLOTTEMEXT, s. m. : the action of 
 agitating. Mouvement de , F. : the 
 motion imparted to thefcettts in utero, by 
 alternate pressure, or striking, with the 
 lianas applied to the abdomen of the mo- 
 ther ; and constituting, when clearly per- 
 ceptible, an unequivocal sign of preg- 
 nancy. 
 
 BALSAMIEB, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Amyris ( Octandria, monogyn. ; Terebintha- 
 ceee), L., der Balsamstrauch, G., Balm- 
 tree, containing several exotic species, 
 which yield resinous substances employed 
 in Medicine ; as the A. elemifera, see E- 
 LEMI ; A. opobalsamum, and gileaden- 
 sis. See T^REBEXTHINE. 
 
 BALSAMIQUE, adj. (SaXfafiot, the fra- 
 grant wood of the balm-tree), balsami- 
 cus, L., balsamich, G., balsamic : pos- 
 sessing the physical properties, or the vir- 
 tues, of the balsams. 
 
 BALSAMITE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Balsamita ( Syngenesia, polygam., superfl. ; 
 Composite, Corymbiferee), JL, die Frau- 
 enmiinze, G., Costmary, containing a 
 few species ; one of which, S. suaveolens, 
 grande-baume, baume des jardins, com- 
 mon in the south of France, and cultivated 
 in gardens, has a warm taste, and strong, 
 aromatic smell ; is generally regarded as 
 stimulant, emmenagogue, and vermifuge ; 
 and, by some writers, as a powerful correc- 
 tive of Opium. 
 
 BAMBOU, s. m. : a species, in Botany, 
 of the genus Bambusa ( Hexandria, mono- 
 gyn. ; Gramineae), L.., Roseau d'lnde, 
 F., das Bambus-rohr, G., Bamboo- 
 Cane. This gigantic plant, B. arundina- 
 cea, a native of India, yields a juice which 
 is employed in the treatment of Dysentery. 
 
 13 AX A N IE R, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Musa ( Hexandria, monogyn. ; Musa- 
 cea), L,., der Pisang, G., Plantain- 
 tree, containing, among others, two 
 large, palm-like species, M. paradisiaca, 
 and Sapientium, common Plantain and 
 Banana-tree, which furnish a fruit, 
 BAXAXE, s. f., fruit du Bananier, exten- 
 sively used, as an article of diet, in Asia, 
 Africa, and America. See BACOVE. 
 
 BANC D' HIPPOCRATE, s. m., Gxfyev 
 'Ixiroxeiirtio*, scamnum Hippocratis, n. 
 L., die Hippokratische zienbank, G., 
 Hippocrates' bench : a machine invented 
 by Hippocrates, for the reduction of dis- 
 locations and fractures : long since fallen 
 into disuse. 
 
 BAXCAL, adj. : an epithet applied to 
 persons who have deformed legs. It com- 
 prehends two varieties of crural deformi- 
 ty, respectively distinguished by the La- 
 tin terms, Valgus (*/, Galen.), and 
 Vana, (peuSof). Valgus est is cui tibiae non 
 
 70 
 
 BAN 
 
 rectae, sed extrorsiim convexae sunt, pe- 
 dibus femoribusque approximatis. In 
 Varo, contra, tibiae versus interiora con- 
 vexae sunt, suris aut genubus sibi approx- 
 imatis ; pedibus verb a se invicem mutub 
 recedentibus. BAXCELLE, s. f., ein 
 krummbeiniges weibchen, G., a bandy- 
 legged little woman. BAXCROCHE, s. m. 
 and adj., krummbeiniges miinnchen, a 
 bandy-legged (rickety) little man. 
 
 BAXDAGE, s. m., to-fitm, alligatio. 
 fasciatio, fasciarum applicatio, f. L., 
 wickeln, winden, n. G. : the act of binding 
 up, or applying bandages ; application me'- 
 thodique des bandes, des compresses, et 
 des autres parties des appareils chirurgi- 
 caux, F. 
 
 The bandage, employed in Surgery, 
 bandage, bande, F., tcr/'Ssir^j, fascia, f. 
 L., binde, G., is termed simple, when 
 consisting of one piece only ; compound, 
 when several pieces, as splints and com- 
 presses, enter into its composition. Of 
 the principal forms of bandage, required 
 in the dressing of wounds or fractures, and 
 the relief of other injuries, the following 
 is an enumeration. For more precise in- 
 formation on the subject, the reader is re- 
 ferred to the articles Bandage in the Dic- 
 tionaire des Sciences Medicales, with two 
 illustrative plates, v. ii. ; Dictionaire de 
 Mededne, v. iii. ; and Cooper's Surgical 
 Dictionary. 
 
 Bandage a bandelettes separees ou de Scul- 
 tet, F., fascia fasciis separation dispositis, 
 seu Sculteti, L., Scultetus' bandage; 
 a dix-huit chefs, fascia octodecim capiti- 
 bus, eighteen-tailed band. ; de corps, ser- 
 viette, mantile, L., body-band., support- 
 ed by shoulder-straps ( 'scapulaires ) ; des 
 pauvres, ou de Galen,. fascia pauperum, 
 seu Galeni, poor man's, or Galen's band. ; 
 herniaire, bracherium herniarium, see 
 BRAVER ; inguinal, fascia inguinalis, 
 inguinal band ; route, ou compressif, 
 fascia convoluta vel compressiva, com- 
 mon roller ; en T, (simple ou double) fas- 
 cia formae literse T., figure of T band ; 
 ou mouchoir en triangle, fascia triangu- 
 laris, triangular band for the headT 
 In addition to these, there are the Gante- 
 tet, fascia manus, hand-bandage ; ban- 
 dage pour la saignie du bras, etdu pied 
 (etrier), venesection-bandage for the arm 
 and foot; and Monocle et Binocle, bandage 
 for one, or both eyes. See also the Ar- 
 ticles, SUSPEXSOJRE and TOURXIQUET. 
 
 BAXDAGISTE, s. m., bandagist ? : an in- 
 dividual wholly devoted to the construc- 
 tion of bandages, particularly those des- 
 tined for the retention of hernia; bruch- 
 bander, m. G., a truss-maker. 
 
 BAXDE, s. f. : a term, in Surgery, see 
 BANDAGE. In Anatomy, applied to the 
 description of any narrow, elongated, and
 
 BAR 
 
 flattened structure : Ex. Bandc aponevro- 
 tique, medullaire, F., an aponeurotic, 
 or medullary band. 
 
 BANDEAU, s. m., pittacium, n. L., 
 stirnbinde, kopfbinde, f. G., a bandage 
 applied round the head. 
 
 BANDELETTE, s. f., petite bande, fasci- 
 ola, f. L., eine kleine bande, G., a little 
 band, or strap. In Surgery, bandelette ag- 
 glutinative, F., the adhesive strap. In 
 Anatomy, bandelette de 1' Hippocampe ( 
 des cornes d'Ammon), corps frange, F., 
 taenia Hippocampi, corpus fimbriatum, 
 L., is the thin internal border of the 
 Hippocampus ; bandelette demi-circu- 
 laire ( des eminences pyriformes, Ch.), 
 fascia tsenia semicircularis, the grey- 
 ish-white medullary line, which separates 
 the thalamus nervi optici from the corpus 
 striatum, in each hemisphere of the brain. 
 
 BANGADA, s. f. : the Indian name of the 
 Convolvulus pes-capree ; the leaves of 
 which serve for the composition of anti-ar- 
 thritic cataplasms. 
 
 BANGUE, or BANGI : an Indian species 
 of Hemp, Cannabis Indica ( Dioecia, pen- 
 tandr. ; Urticea) ; the leaves of which are 
 employed, in mastication and vapour, as a 
 substitute for tobacco. Adanson regards 
 this plant as the Nepenthe of the Ancients. 
 
 BAOBAB, s. m., pain de Singe : the 
 French name of the largest and most du- 
 rable tree yet known, Adansonia digitata 
 (Monadelphia,polyandr. , Bombacea), L., 
 der AfFenbaum, G., - Ethiopian sour 
 Gourd, or Monkey Vbread ; a native of the 
 sandy coasts of Africa. Its leaves, abound- 
 ing in mucilage, are emollient, and the 
 gourd-like/rat/ contains an acidulous pulp, 
 useful in Dysentery, from which the 
 sweet, reddish, and astringent substance, 
 called Terre de Lemnos, is said, by Alpino, 
 to be prepared. 
 
 BARBE, s. f., -xayuv, barba, f. L., 
 bart, m. G., beard : the collection of 
 hairs which invest the chin and lips la- 
 biorum et menti pars pilosa, L., of Man , 
 and certain other animals, commonly of 
 the male sex, among the Vertebrata ; as the 
 Goat, Capra hircus : in Botany, the short 
 hairs, disposed in row or tuft, with which 
 divers parts of plants, as the three exterior 
 segments of the perianth of the Iris, and 
 the anthers or filaments of other genera, 
 are provided : also, the name applied to 
 the awns of certain gonera or species of 
 the Graminece, as Hordeum, barley ; and, 
 by some writers, to the lower lip the 
 part opposed to the galea, helmet or upper 
 lip of the ringent corolla, in the Labiates. 
 BARB ti, adj. , ssuyuvmr'ns , barbatus, 
 bartig, bearded : an epithet employed, in 
 Zoology, without strict reference to its o- 
 riginal meaning, for the specific designa- 
 tion of certain birds and fishes ; as the 
 
 71 
 
 BAR 
 
 bearded Titmouse, Pants biarmicus, and 
 three-bearded Cod, Gadus tricirratus. 
 Some other fishes, besides this latter, as 
 the barbel, Cyprinus barbus, burbot, Ga- 
 dus lota (see BARBE AU and LOTTE), and 
 the bearded Loche, Gobitis barbatula, are 
 furnished with appendages to the jawsy . 
 barbillons, F., from which the term, 
 beard, has been derived. It is also remark- 
 able that the males of many species of in- 
 sects, those, for instance, composing the 
 family of the Bombycidee, among the Le- 
 pidoptera, may at once be distinguished 
 from the females, by their bearded, or pec- 
 tinated antenna. 
 
 In Botany, the epithet is applied to the 
 parts and organs before enumerated, and, 
 for particular designation, to certain spe- 
 cies or varieties, as Mesembryanthemum 
 barbatum, and some kinds of wheat fur- 
 nished with an awn or beard, and hence 
 named bearded wheat. See ARETE. 
 
 BARBEAU, s. m., purraxaros, mod., 
 barbus, m. L., flussbarbe, f. G., barbel : 
 formerly a species, in Ichthyology, of the 
 genus Cyprinus (OiA. Abdominales, Linn.); 
 now forming the type of a new sub-genus, 
 Barbus, among the Malacopteryg. abdomi- 
 naux, Cuvier. The/?/t of the barbel, B. 
 vulgaris (C. barbus, Linn.), is proverbially 
 insipid, innutritions, and indigestible ; but 
 said to improve with age. The roe of the 
 female, although the fact has been contro- 
 verted, is poisonous : it produces, when 
 largely eaten, violent vomiting and hyper- 
 catharsis : and in some countries, is em- 
 ployed as a popular purgative. See 
 Faune des Medecins, v. ii., p. 236. The 
 same observation will apply to the ova of 
 some other fishes ; as the pike and burbot. 
 See BROCKET and LOTTE. The Barbel 
 has four beards barbillons, F., two at the 
 point, and two at the angles of the upper 
 jaw. The organs of mastication are situa- 
 ted in the pharynx. 
 
 BARBILLON, s. in., cirrus, ? m. L. : a 
 term, in Ichthyology, applied to the deli- 
 cate, sensitive, and flexible filaments 
 which are implanted near the lip, in cer- 
 tain fishes, as the Barbel and Loche. 
 See BARBE. They may be regarded as an 
 organ of touch, probably analogous, in 
 function, to the palpi of Insects. 
 
 BARDANE, s. f. : a species, in Botany, 
 Arctium lappa (Syngenesia, polygam. cequa- 
 lis ; Composite Carduacece), L., kletten- 
 kraut ? n. G common Burdock, or Clot- 
 bur. The root, slightly sudorific, is em- 
 ployed in chronic cutaneous affections and 
 syphilis : Withering describes it as equal, 
 in medicinal virtue, to that of Sarsaparilla. 
 The stems, peeled previously to the period 
 of flowering, are edible, boiled or raw. The 
 ashes of trie plant, obtained between the 
 times of flowering and seeding, yield a
 
 BAR 
 
 large proportion of yery pure subcarbonute 
 of potass. 
 
 BARGE, s. f. : in Zoalogy, a genus of 
 Birds, Limosa (E'chassiers, Cuv. ; Gralla- 
 tores, Temm.), Godwit, comprizing two 
 European species, common Godwit, L. 
 rufa, B. rousse, F., rostbrauner wasser- 
 laufer, G. ; and the Black-tailed, L. me- 
 lanura, aegocephala, B. a queue noire, 
 schwarzschwanzige sumpflaufer. The 
 flesh of both is edible. They were con- 
 founded, by Linnaeus, with the genus 
 Scolopax. 
 
 BAHILI.E, s. f. : the vulgar name of a 
 marine plant, Salsola Kali; also of common 
 (subcarbonate of) Soda, on the southern 
 coasts of France. See SOUDE. 
 
 BARITE, s. f. (Gagvf, heavy), barote, 
 baryte, terre pesante, f. F., barita, ba- 
 rites, terra ponderosa, f. L., baryt, n., 
 schwererde, f. G., baryta, protoxide of 
 Barium. This substance exists only in 
 nature, in the states of carbonate and sul- 
 phate. Its specific gravity is 4. By the 
 galvanic pile, and even by the application 
 of intense heat, according to Clarke, it is 
 decomposed into Oxygen and Barium. It 
 possesses the characteristic properties of 
 alkalis ; is caustic, virulently poisonous ; 
 and, even when applied to the cellular 
 membrane, is rapidly absorbed, and produ- 
 ces fatal convulsions by its operation on 
 the nervous system of animals. With 
 sulphuric acid, it forms an insoluble comr 
 pound, sulphate of Baryta ; and affords an 
 admirable test whereby to detect the pre- 
 sence of even the minutest admixture of 
 that acid in any fluid. Hence the utility 
 of the internal administration of soluble 
 neutral sulphates, in cases of poisoning by 
 Baryta. In the form of hydrochlorate 
 (muriate) muriate de baryte, F., murias 
 barytse, L., salzsaurer Baryt, salzsaures 
 baryumoxyd, G., it is medicinally em- 
 ployed, as an excitant of the lymphatic 
 system, in Scrofula. 
 
 BARIUM, BARYUM, s. m., barium, plu- 
 tonium, n. L., the metallic base of Bary- 
 ta, discovered by Davy : is capable of uni- 
 ting with oxygen in two proportions ; 
 thus constituting a protoxide, Baryta, and 
 a deutoxide. It decomposes water at the 
 natural temperature, seizes the oxygen 
 to form Baryta ; and the hydrogen is libe- 
 rated, it is not employed in medicine. 
 
 BAROMACROMKTRE, s. m.j[Sag;, weight, 
 futx^o;, long, pirgoii, measure), baroma- 
 crometrum, n. L., baromakrometer oder 
 kindermesswage, G. : an instrument for 
 determining the weight and length of new- 
 born infants. 
 
 BAROMETRE, s. m. (d^;, weight, (*.<- 
 TJ>, measure), barometrum, n. L., ba- 
 rometer, wetterglas, n. G., barometer, 
 weather-glass : an instrument for determi- 
 
 72 
 
 BAS 
 
 ning the weight of the atmosphere. BARO- 
 MTHIQUE, adj., barometricus, baro- 
 metrical. 
 
 BAUOMETHOGRAPHE, s. m. (?;?, pi- 
 rpw, and y%u$a, I write), barometrograr 
 pnium, n. L. : an instrument which, itself, 
 inscribes on paper, the variations of at- 
 mospheric pressure. 
 
 BAROSCOPE, s. m. ("K^OI, and <rx,vjt'iu, I 
 explore), baroscopium, n. L., baroscope : 
 synonymous with BAROMETRE. 
 
 BARRE, s. f., vara, f. L.: a prolonga- 
 tion of the Symphisis pubis, which dimi- 
 nishes the height of the arch of the pubis 
 formed below, and the extent of the ante- 
 ro-posterior diameter of the lower aper- 
 ture (de'troit perineal, F.) of the pelvis 
 BARRE, adj. : an epithet applied to wo- 
 men whose pelvis exhibits such defect of 
 configuration. Molar teeth, with fangs 
 so widely divergent or tortuous as not to 
 admit of complete extraction without in- 
 jury to the alveolar process, are termed, al- 
 so, by the French, dents barres. 
 
 BARYCOIE, BARYCOITE, BARYECOIE, s. 
 f., a.gvnxeitt (fiaji/f, heavy, axon, hearing), 
 barycoia, f. I..., dulness of hearing. 
 
 BARYPHONIE, s. f. (jwf, heavy, pa>v, 
 voice), baryphonia, f. L., ein schwere, 
 tiefe, harte stimme, G., a heavy, deep, 
 hard voice. Heavy, slow, difficult articu- 
 lation, or speech, which French Lexicogra- 
 phers represent this term as signifying, 
 would be more correctly expressed by the 
 newly constructed synonyms (Baryglossie, 
 and Barylalie) of Baryglossia, and Baryla- 
 lia, L., employed by Kraus; and derived 
 from the combinations of Sa^us with <y\Zf- 
 ffa., tongue, and with xx/, speech. 
 
 BASE, s. f., Guns, basis, L. and E., 
 basis, f., der grund, boden eines dinges, 
 G., base, basis, ground. This term is 
 susceptible of divers applications. In A- 
 natomy, it signifies appui, soutien, fonde- 
 ment, partie infe'rieure d'une chose, F., 
 support, foundation, lower (or main) 
 part of any thing or object : dicitur de 
 omni parte quse aliis sustentaculo inservit, 
 vel quae format unum ex lateribus parti- 
 tium figuram triangularem exhibentium, 
 L- Ex. Base du crane, F., gehirnscha- 
 Aelgrundjlache, G.,lasis cranii, pars ilia 
 quae cerebrum, cerebellum, meduilamque 
 oblongam fulcit, L. ; du cceur, basis cor- 
 dis, the basis (extremity opposed to the 
 apex) of the heart; de I'omonlate in- 
 nerer rand, oder basis, des schulterblatts, 
 margo internus (posterior vertebralis), 
 seu basis, scapulae. In Pharmacy, or Me- 
 dical Prescription, celui des principes con- 
 stituens, ingrediens praecipuum, L., 
 d'un corps compose', ou d'un medicament, 
 d'ou 1'on suppose que dependent les pro- 
 priete's principales de ce compose*, F., 
 that constituent principle of a compovnd
 
 BAS 
 
 body, or medicine, on which the main pro- 
 perties of such compound are supposed 
 to depend. In Chemistry, applied to all 
 substances capable sf saturating acids, and 
 thus constituting neutral salts; as the 
 metallic oxydes, ammonia, morphia, and 
 vauqueline. 
 
 BASIFIXE, adj., basifixus, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Botany, to any part or 
 organ attached to another, by its base 
 Thus the anther of the Gramineee, Iridea, 
 and other families or genera of plants, at- 
 tached to the filament by its inferior ex- 
 tremity, is termed basifix. 
 
 BASIHYAL, s. m. : a term, in Anatomy, 
 applied by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to the 
 body of the osseous apparatus, appareil 
 osseux, F., which constitutes the hyoid 
 bone. See Philosophic Anat., p. 147. 
 
 BASILAIRE, adj., basilaris (Sans), L., 
 zu einer basis gehorig, G., basilar : be- 
 longing, attached to, or constituting, the 
 basis of any part or organ ; In Anatomy, 
 Partie (apophyse) basilaire de 1'occipital, 
 F., pars (processus) basilaris ossis occipi- 
 tis, L., das ^randtheil des hinterhaupt- 
 beines, G. ; Artere basilaire (meso-cejjna- 
 lique, Ch.), arteria basilaris, basilar arte- 
 ry, resulting from the union of the two 
 vertebral arteries; veine basilaire, vena 
 basilaris, basilar vein. Formerly the 
 sphenoid bone, last lumbar vertebra, and 
 sacrum, as affording a support, or basis, to 
 other bones, were distinguished by the e- 
 pithet basilar : et Soemmeringio, os sphe- 
 noides et os occipitis, in uno conjuncta, os 
 sphen-occipitale seu basilare, yrundbein, 
 G; designantur. 
 
 In Botany, the term is applied to any 
 part or organ placed at or near the base of 
 another. Thus the style of the plants 
 constituting the genera Alchemilla and 
 Artocarpus, and the Arista of some of the 
 Graminea, are basilar : and also the vegeta- 
 ble embryo when completely lodged in the 
 portion of the perisperm nearest the style; 
 as in Ranunculus, and the Umbettiferee. 
 
 BASILIC, s. m. : in Zoology, a Saurian 
 reptile, B. d'Amboine, F., Basiliscus, 
 Amboinensis, Daud. ; Lacerta Amb., Linn. 
 Of the formidable properties of the Basil- 
 isk, many fables have been recorded. It 
 is, however, a perfectly harmless animal ; 
 subsists on fruits and insects, and attains 
 the length of three or four feet. Its ftesh, 
 much prized as an article of diet in Am- 
 boyna and Java, is said to resemble that 
 of the roe-buck. Also, a genus, in Botany, 
 Ocymum f Didynamia, gymnosperm. ; La- 
 bialce), L., das Basilikum, G., Basil; 
 comprehending, among numerous other 
 species, O. basilikum, basilic commun, F., 
 basilienkraut, G., common sweet Ba- 
 sil : aromatic, stimulant, antispasmodic. 
 BASILICON, s. m. (faa-iX/xo?, royal), ba- 
 
 73 
 
 BAS 
 
 silicum, n. L. : in Pharmacy, an oint- 
 ment, composed of pitch, resin, wax, and 
 oil ; constituting the Unguentum de Pice 
 et CerS, of the Paris Pharmacoptea, the 
 gemeine harzsalbe, konigssalbe, of the 
 Germans : employed to promote suppura- 
 tion in wounds and sores. 
 
 BASILIQUE, adj. (same), basilicus, L.: 
 an epithet applied, by the ancients, to any 
 part or organ, holding, or supposed to 
 hold, an important station in the animal e- 
 conomy. Thus, the principal subcutane- 
 ous vein of the arm, nauptader des 
 armes, G., was by them termed vena ba- 
 silica. This vessel, veine basilique ( 
 cubitale cutanee, Ch.) F., formed by an 
 union of the anterior and posterior cubital, 
 and the median basilic, ascends the internal 
 part of the arm, in front of the ulnar 
 nerve, to terminate in the axillary. 
 From a supposed connection with the li- 
 ver and spleen, the basilic veins of the right 
 and left arm were once respectively dis- 
 tinguished by the terms hepatic and sple- 
 nic, hepatique et splenique, F. 
 
 BASIO-CERATO-GLOSSE, adj. (;*,*?, 
 horn, yKutrtta., tongue), basio-cerato-glos- 
 sus, L,. : an epithet, in Anatomy, applied 
 to the Hyoalossus muscle, from its con- 
 nection with the base and horn of the hy- 
 oid bone, and with the tongue. BASIC- 
 GLOSSE, basio-glossus, L. : the portion of 
 the Hyoalossus attached to the basis of 
 the hyoid bone and the tongue, is thus, by 
 some Anatomists, designated. BASIO- 
 
 PHARYNG1EN (Zaffii, and Qxgwyg), ba- 
 
 sio-pharyngeus, L. See HYOGLOSSE, 
 and CONST RICTEUR mm/en du Pharynx. 
 
 BASSIN, s. m., pelvis, m. L,., becken, 
 n. G. (literally a basin, *ut*./>s, or vessel 
 destined to contain solid or liquid substan- 
 ces). The term, Pelvis, in Anatomy, is 
 applied to one of the three great visceral 
 cavities possessed by Man and many of the 
 Vertebrata. It is constructed of four bones, 
 the two ossa innominata, sacrum, and coc- 
 cyx, which support the vertebral column, 
 and afford points of attachment to the 
 lower or posterior, hence called pelvic 
 limbs or extremities, membres pelviens, 
 F., Its principal contents are the rectum 
 and bladder, with the appendages, in the 
 male; and uterus in the female. It com- 
 municates above, or anteriorly, with the 
 ABDOMEN, Strictly speaking, Man alone 
 possesses a pelvis : as in the lower ani- 
 mals, the corresponding bones invariably 
 deviate, more or less, from the basin shape. 
 In the Cetacea, two small bones, attached 
 to the lower part of the belly, are suppo- 
 sed to represent the ossa pubis : and nei- 
 ther pelvic extremities, nor pelvis, are 
 found. In Birds, with one or two remark- 
 able exceptions, the bones composing it, 
 are widely separated below. It is repla-
 
 BAT 
 
 ced, in FisJtes, by two bones, which sup- 
 port the ventral fins. No trace of such 
 cavity exists in the Invertebrata. 
 
 Certain other parts of the body are also 
 distinguished by this term : as the pelvis 
 of the kidney, see BASSINET ; a small 
 conoid excavation, existing in the anteri- 
 or part of the third cerebral ventricle, 
 infundibulum seu pelvis cerebri; and the 
 cavity of the tympanum, pelvis auris, L. 
 
 BASSIN, (gondole) oculaire, pelvis o- 
 cularis, scaphium oculare, L.., augenbeck- 
 en,? G.: in Surgery, a small vessel, of por- 
 celain, glass, or metal, for the application 
 of lotions or medicated fluids to the eye. 
 
 BASSINER, v. a., fovere, L., bahen, 
 G., laver avec de 1'eau ou un autre li- 
 quide, F., to foment, to bathe with water 
 or other liquid. 
 
 BASSINET, s. m., petit bassin, canali- 
 culus, infundibulum, pelvis renum, L., 
 nierenbecken, n. G., pelvis of the kid- 
 ney : a term applied, in Anatomy, to the 
 membranous cavity which occupies the 
 summit of the ureter, and posterior part 
 of the fissure of the kidney. It is situated 
 behind the renal vessels, and receives from 
 the orifices of the calices, tMe fluid secre- 
 ted by the kidney. 
 
 BAS-VENTRE, s. m., alvus, , venter 
 imus, infimus, m. L., unterbauch, un- 
 terleib, m. G., strictly rendered, the hy- 
 pogastrium, or lower part of the belly, of 
 animals; but employed by French wri- 
 ters, as synonymous with ABDOMEN. 
 
 BATITURES, s. f, plur., batiturae, f. 
 L.., minute scales or particles more or 
 less oxidated, which are detached from the 
 various metals, in the forge or smithy. 
 
 BATRACIENS, plur. (Sdr^^as, a frog), 
 Batracice, L die Batrachier, G.: in Zoolo- 
 gy, the 4th order of the Reptiles of Cuvier, 
 but constituting a distinct class, 4th of 
 the Ostiozoaires, in Blainville's arrange- 
 ment. See AMPHIBIE. It comprehends, 
 among others, the Frog and Toad tribes, 
 animals whose body is furnished with limbs, 
 but destitute of scales, shells, and claws. 
 Respiration is voluntary; the heart single: 
 the large artery, arising from the ventri- 
 cle, divides into a pulmonary and an aortic 
 branch. The ova, enveloped in mem- 
 brane, are fecundated without actual coi- 
 tion : for the male has no membrum virile. 
 The young animal, at first, respires by 
 gills ; and undergoes divers metamorpho- 
 ses in its progress to the adult state. See 
 BRANCHIES, CRAPAUD, GRENOUILLE. 
 
 BATTEMENT, s. m., -raX^a;, e-^vyftas, 
 pulsatio, , pulsus, m. L., klopfen, schlag- 
 en, n. G., pulsation : a term, in Physio- 
 logy, applied to the movements of contrac- 
 tion and dilatation of the heart and arte- 
 ries : see DIASTOLE, SYSTOLE, POULS : 
 also, in Pathology, to express inordinate 
 
 74 
 
 BAU 
 
 action palpitation of the heart, batle- 
 ment du cceur, F., cordis palpitatio, L., 
 das herzklopfen, G. ; and the spasmo- 
 dic contractions sometimes observed in 
 the muscles of the exterior, or in the in- 
 ternal organs, as the eyelids and stomach; 
 and the throbbing of inflamed parts. 
 
 BAUHIN (valvule de) : a name, in Ana- 
 tomy, applied to the valve of the ileum, 
 valvule ildo-ccecale, F. ; which Bauhin 
 pretended to have discovered in 1579: al- 
 though other anatomists had previously 
 demonstrated its existence, and given an 
 accurate description of the valve ; especi- 
 ally Costanzi Varoli, who died in 1575. 
 
 See ILEO-CCECALE. 
 
 BAUME, s. wa., JaXra^v, balsamum, 
 n. L., balsam, G. and E. : a term appli- 
 ed, in Chemistry and Pharmacy, to divers 
 productions of nature and of art. The 
 Natural are concrete or liquid substances, 
 obtained from the vegetable kingdom ; o- 
 dorous, bitter, acrid, composed of resin, 
 benzoic acid, and sometimes an essential 
 oil ; giving out the acid on the application 
 of heat ; soluble in the volatile oils, alco- 
 hol, and ether; yielding, on admixture 
 with alkalis, a soluble benzoate, and pre- 
 cipitating the resin. There are but five 
 Natural Balsams : 1. Benzoin, or Benja- 
 min, see BENJOIK : 2. Balsam of Peru, 
 Baume de Peru, F., Balsamum Peruvi- 
 an um, Myroxyli Peruiferi Balsamum, L., 
 Peruvianischer Balsam, G., the pro- 
 duct of Myroxylum Peruiferum (Decan- 
 dria, monogyn. ; Leguminosce ), L., a large 
 Brazilian and Peruvian tree : of this, the 
 Germans have a Tinctura and Syrupus 
 Balsami Peruviani, and Mixtura oleoso- 
 balsamica, Perubalsamft'nctar, soft, and 
 Balsamisch-olichte Mischung : 3. Balsam 
 of Tolu, Baume de Tolu, Balsamum 
 Tolutanum, Toluiferse balsami Balsamum, 
 Tolubalsam, Balsam von Tolu, obtain- 
 ed from the Tolui/era balsamum (Decan- 
 dria, monogyn. ; Terebinthacete ), L., a 
 South-American tree : the French and 
 Germans have a Syrupus balsamicus Bal- 
 sami Tolutani, Sirop balsamique, Tolu- 
 balsaima/< ,- and the latter, also, a Tinctu- 
 ra, Tolubalsamft'nctor : 4. the liquid, 
 and 5. the solid Storax, Styrax liquide 
 et solide. See the Articles STYRAX, and 
 STORAX. 
 
 There are other resinous substances, 
 usually termed Balsams, which are really 
 Turpentines ; as the Balsams of Canada, 
 Copaiba, and Gilead, Baumes de Canada, 
 de Copahu, de Gilead, F. See TERE- 
 BINTHINE. 
 
 The Factitious Balsams the results of 
 artificial combinations, are very nume- 
 rous; consisting principally of Unguents, 
 and solutions or resinous or other substan- 
 ces, in the fixed or essential oils, or in alco-
 
 BDE 
 
 hoi. The following are the most useful 
 or celebrated of these preparations : they 
 have been selected, as deemed worthy, by 
 the authors of the Pharmacopeia Gallica, 
 of insertion in their work : Baume d'Ar- 
 caeus, Balsamum Arcsei, Unguentum de 
 Terebinthina et Adipibus, an ointment con- 
 sisting of suet, lard, Venice turpentine, 
 and Elemi-resin ; de Genevieve, Ung. 
 de Terebinthina camphoratum, oil olive, 
 bees'-wax, red saunders wood, turpentine, 
 and camphor; nervin, nerval, balsa- 
 mum nervinum, Ung. ex oleis volatili- 
 bus, balsamo Peruviano, et Camphora 
 compositum ; tranquille, Balsamum 
 tranquillans, Oleum de Narcoticis, bella- 
 donna, mandrake, henbane, thorn-apple, 
 and other narcotics, macerated in olive-oil 
 with aromatic plants; opedeldoch, Ung. 
 opedeldoch, Sapo ex Medulla bovinzi am- 
 moniacalis camphoratus, a Soap made of 
 beef-marrow, alcohol, the essential oils of 
 Kosemary and Thyme, ammonia, and the 
 muriates of ammonia and soda : Baume de 
 soufre anise, succine, terebinthiue', 
 balsamum sulphuris anisatum, succina- 
 tum, terebinthinatum, solutions of sul- 
 phur in oil of aniseed, of amber, of tur- 
 pentine : and, lastly, Baume de comman- 
 deur de Perme, Teinture balsamique, 
 Tinctura balsamica, a solution of Styrax, 
 Benjamin, Balsam of Tolu, Olibanum, 
 Myrrh, Aloes, and Ambergris, in Alco- 
 hol, impregnated with the flowers of Hy- 
 pericum perforatum. 
 
 The term, Baume, is also applied, by 
 the French, to divers aromatic plants : as 
 Baume aquatique, to Mentha saliva ; des 
 jardins, to Balsamita suaveolens ; and le 
 petit baume, to Croton balsamiferum. 
 
 BAUMIER, s. m., balsambaum, m. G., 
 balsam-tree : a name, in Botany, applied 
 to various trees which produce the bal- 
 sams ; especially to that which yields the 
 substance, called Baume de Judde. See 
 BALSAMIER, and TEREBINTHINE. 
 
 BAVE, s. , humor salivus, saliva ex 
 ore fluens, L., geifer, speichel, m. G., 
 slaver: the saliva which involuntarily 
 flows from the mouth of old men, children 
 and idiots ; the frothy liquid which issues 
 from the throat of rabid animals, and of 
 the human subject when affected by mer- 
 curial salivation, or the epileptic parox- 
 ysm : in the latter, it is named froth or 
 'foam, ecume, F., spunia, L. The glairy 
 viscous fluid whereby the snail attaches 
 itself to the surface over which it crawls, 
 is also, by the French, denominated have. 
 In Pathology, the term is employed, by 
 Sauvages, as synonymous with Salivation, 
 
 BDELLIUM, s. m., $i\\u>v, bdellium, 
 n. JL., and G. : a gum-resin, which exudes, 
 in the form of a milky juice, from an un- 
 known East-Indian tree, supposed to be a 
 
 75 
 
 BEC 
 
 species of Amyris. Acid, bitter, and sti- 
 mulating, it is rarely employed in modern 
 Medicine, except as an ingredient in plas- 
 ters ; although loudly eulogized by the an- 
 cient writers. 
 
 BDELI.OMETRE, s. m., (fStXXa, a leech, 
 f^ir^ov, measure), bdellometrium, n. L. : 
 a term, of obviously improper construc- 
 tion, for a surgical instrument intended to 
 serve as a substitute for the leech, in ex- 
 traction of blood from the capillaries 
 Kraus proposes to call it, Antibdella. The 
 term Bdella, borrowed from the Greek, is 
 by some authors, employed as synonymous 
 with Leech. See SANGSUE. 
 
 BEC, s. m., ffyxas, rostrum, n. L,., 
 schnabel, m. G., beak, bill, snout : the 
 term, beak or bill, is applied, hi Zoology, to 
 the two mandibles of Birds, taken collec- 
 tively ; and to the mouth of certain ani- 
 mals, which resembles those organs in fi- 
 gure or substance. Six bones compose 
 the beak of birds : the superior and infe- 
 rior mandible, the palatine bones, and ossa 
 quadrata, L., les os Carre's, F. The up- 
 per mandible exhibits a moveable articula- 
 tion with the cranium ; as is conspicuous- 
 ly seen in the Owl and Parrot tribes : the 
 lower is connected with, and moves upon, 
 the os quadratum. The beak is provided 
 with numerous muscles, ten pairs in the 
 duck, and sometimes invested at its base, 
 as in the Rapaces, with a coloured mem- 
 brane, called Cere. The organ differs 
 greatly in size and figure, as the horny 
 substance, which covers the bones compo- 
 sing it, in consistence ; and affords an ad- 
 mirable chaiacter for the construction of 
 genera and sub-genera. In Entomology, 
 the term, rostrum, is applied to the elonga- 
 tion of the head, supporting the antennae, 
 in the Curculionidee ; and, more especially, 
 to the sucker which characterizes the 
 Hemipterous Insects. 
 
 In Anatomy, the extremity of the cora- 
 coid process of the scapula, is named, by 
 the French, bee coracoi'dien ; and the cala- 
 mus scriptorius of the 4th cerebral ventri- 
 cle, bee de la plume a e'crire. 
 
 The term, Bee, is also applied, in French 
 Surgery, to divers kinds of forceps desti- 
 ned for the extraction of teeth, or of fo- 
 reign substances from the interior. Of 
 these instruments, the most remarkable are 
 the bee de corbin, de perroquet, de vau- 
 tour, de grue, rostrum corvinum, psit- 
 
 tacinum, vulturinum, gruinum, L. : 
 
 in Surgical Pathology, to the hare-lip, 
 .Bec-de-Tievre, F., labium leporinum, L., 
 die hasenscharte, G., whicn lesion may 
 be natural or congenital ; accidental, or con- 
 sequent on external violence ; and simple, 
 double, or complicated with separation of 
 the maxillary bones, or defect or deviation 
 of the teeth i finally, in Natural History,
 
 BEH 
 
 to certain genera, or species, of Birds and 
 Plants ; as fiec-croise, Cross-bill, Loxia 
 (see CURVIROSTRE) ; and JSec-de-grue, 
 Stork's-bill, der Storchschnabel, G., 
 Pelargonium (Monadelphia, heptandr. ; Gc- 
 ranaceee), L., containing numerouss spe- 
 cies. 
 
 BECASSE, s. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 Birds, Scolopax (E'chassiers, Cuv. ; Gral- 
 latores, Temm.), comprehending, in three 
 sections, five European species ; the flesh 
 of which forms a delicate article of food. 
 Section 1. contains the Woodcock, 2xaX- 
 !, Scolopax ruslicola, L., Becasse ordi- 
 naire, F., waldschnepfe, G.; 2. the Great, 
 common, and little, or Jack-Snipe, 
 So. major, Gallinaffo, Gallinula, L., Be- 
 cassine grande, ordinaire, sourde, F., 
 mittelschnepfe, heerschnepfe, moersnepfe, 
 G.; and 3. the Brown or Red-breasted 
 Snipe, Sc. grisea, Bicassine ponctue'e. 
 See Temminck, Manuel a" Omithologie, v. 
 iL, p. 6^2 ; and Faune des Medecins, v. 
 ii., p. 268. 
 
 BECCABUNGA, s. f. : a species, in Bota- 
 ny, belonging to the genus Veronica ; see 
 v ERONIQUE. The leaves of V. beccabun- 
 ga, brooklime Speedwell, frequently mis- 
 taken for those of water-cress, are regard- 
 ed as antiscorbutic. The term is also ap- 
 plied to another species, V. Anagallis, 
 long-leaved Brooklime. 
 
 BECHIQUE, s. m., and adj., %/** 
 (ftj|, a cough), bechicus, L., expecto- 
 rant, pectoral : Ex. Remedes bechiques, F., 
 <pagft.axK r,%ix,ai, remedies calculated to 
 alleviate cough. Hence the Greek syno- 
 nym, e'^/v be'chion, F., bechium, L., 
 of common Colts-foot, Tussilago farfara. 
 See TUSSILAGE. Sic dicitur, quia pectoris 
 morborum medela est, L. 
 
 BEDEGAR, BEDEGUAR, s. m., Bedegu- 
 ar fungus, Spongia cynosbati, rosarum, 
 L. : a sponge-like, fibrous gall, of oval or 
 spheroid figure, and reddish-green hue, 
 produced on divers species of the wild 
 rose, by the puncture of a small insect, 
 Cynips Rosas ; and resembling, in appear- 
 ance, an Hypnum moss. Its interior, or 
 nucleus, forms the habitation of the larva 
 of the Cynips ; each lodged in its separate 
 celL The Bedeguar was formerly cele- 
 brated, in medicine, as an alexipharmic, 
 anodyne, lithontriptic, and vermifuge 
 It possesses only the slightly astringent 
 properties of the plant upon which it is 
 generated. 
 
 BEGAIEMENT, s. m., BEGAYER, v. a., 
 BEGUE, adj. See BALBUTIEMENT. 
 
 BEHEN, s. m. : in Materia Medica, the 
 name of two roots imported from the 
 East : one, Belien rouge, F., rubrum, 
 L., rother widerstoss, G., belonging to 
 the Statice Limonium, common sea-Laven- 
 der, and employed, as an astringent, in 
 
 76 
 
 BEL 
 
 diarrhoea and haemorrhage ; the other, 
 Be'hen blanc, album, der morgenland- 
 ische weisse widerstoss, to Cenlaurea 
 behen, saw-leaved Centaury, aromatic 
 and astringent. The latter must not be 
 confounded with the French behen blanc, 
 the root of Cucubalus behen, the Silene 
 inflata, of modern British Botanists. 
 
 BELENOIDE, adj. (Sixes, a dart, and tT3e( t 
 resemblance, form), beleno'ides, belo'ides, 
 L., pfeilformig, G., arrow-shaped : an 
 epithet, in Anatomy, applied to the sty- 
 loid process, griffelformiger fortsatz, G. 
 of the temporal and the ulnar bone. See 
 STYLOIDE. Kraus and Kiihn assert that 
 the term is a compound of 6sXov, a needle, 
 and JSaj: thus making it synonymous 
 with SsXva/Ss, belono'ides, nadelfor- 
 mig, needle-shaped. 
 
 BELLADONE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Atropa ( Pentandria, monogyn. ; Solanece), 
 L., die Wolfskirsche, Tollkirsche, das 
 Tollkraut, G., containing several spe- 
 cies : also, a well-known species of this ge- 
 nus, A. belladonna, gemeine Wolfskirsche, 
 todlicher Nachtschatten, G., the Deadly 
 Nightshade; all parts of which, the roots, 
 leaves, and berries, la racine, les feuilles, 
 et les baies, F., -die wurzel, die blatter, 
 und die beeren, G., are dreadfully poi- 
 sonous. Hence the generic name Alropa, 
 "AfPofas, one of the Fates The plant 
 is said to derive its specific title, Belladon- 
 na, fair Lady, in the Italian, from the 
 effect of the distilled water in promoting 
 fairness of the female complexion. By 
 some writers, the Belladonna is conjectu- 
 red to have been the Mandragora, of The- 
 ophrastus ; the Srgy^njs fia.vix.os, of Dios- 
 corides. From an old German designa- 
 tion, Vahrenkraut, it appears to have been 
 formerly employed in Gout ; for which, 
 vahren is an obsolete term. 
 
 In addition to the ordinary employment 
 of Belladonna in operations upon the eye, 
 in neuralgic and other painful affections, 
 its leaves and berries are applied, in 
 French practice, as a topical remedy, to 
 cancer and hemorrhoids : and, boiled with 
 lard, saindoux, F., they are said to form 
 an useful unguent, pommade, in carci- 
 nomatous ulceration. The poisonous ope- 
 ration of Belladonna on the animal econo- 
 my, is most effectually combatted by eme- 
 tics and acids. Mandrake, formerly rank- 
 ed as a species of Atropa, now constitutes 
 a distinct genus. See MANDRAGORE. 
 
 French and German Officinal Prepara- 
 tions : an Extract, Extrait de Belladone, 
 F., Extractum (Atropze) Belladonnae, 
 L., Belladonna-Extract, G. German : 
 a Syrupus, Tinctura, Oxymel, Emplas- 
 trum Belladonnae, Belladonna-Syrup, 
 Tinctur, Sauerhonig, und Pflaster, See 
 Gmelin, Pflanzengifte, p. 523; Orfila, 
 Lecont de Mid. leaale, v. iii., p. 282 ; and
 
 BEN 
 
 Schwartze, Pharmakologitche Tabellen, v. 
 ii., p. 150. 
 
 BELLE-DAME, s. f. : a name applied, in 
 Botany, to divers plants ; as A triplex hor- 
 tensis, Atropa, and Amaryllis Belladonna : 
 in Entomology, to the Papillon de char- 
 don, Papilio Vanessa, Cynthia Cardui. 
 
 BELLOTAS, BALLOTAS: a name, bor- 
 rowed from the Spanish, and applied to 
 the edible fruits of several species of Oak : 
 among others, to those of Quercus ballota, 
 and Ilex. The expressed juice of the lat- 
 ter constitutes, with water, a slightly as- 
 tringent emulsion, which has been recom- 
 mended, by Spanish Physicians, in diseases 
 of the chest attended with profuse expec- 
 toration and haemoptysis. 
 
 BENEFICE de Nature, beneficium na- 
 turae, L. : a term employed, in Pathology, 
 to express the spontaneous action of the 
 animal organs, in bringing various diseases 
 to a favourable issue, the successful o- 
 peration of what was heretofore named 
 vis medicalrix naturae. de ventre, alvi 
 beneficium : a spontaneous diarrhoea, 
 whereby impending disease is averted, 
 or actual mischief removed. 
 
 BEXJOIN, s. m., Benzoinum, Styracis 
 henzoini Balsainum, Benzoe Resina, Assa 
 dulcis, L., Benzoe, Benzoeharz, G., 
 Benzoin : a resinous substance, obtained 
 from a shrub, Styrax benzoin, growing in 
 Sumatra, see ALIBOUFIER. As contain- 
 ing benzoic acid, it is ranked among the 
 natural Balsams. See BAUME. The 
 purest kind assumes the form of fragile, 
 reddish-brown masses, with an admixture 
 of white almond-like pieces, lachrymis 
 conspersae albis,instar amygdalarum trans- 
 versim sectarum, inde nomen Benzoini 
 amygdalini, L., Benjoin amygdalu'ide, F. 
 During combustion, it emits a vapour, 
 which, condensed, forms myiute white 
 crystals, flowers of Benzoin, fleurs de 
 Benjoin, F., Benzoic Acid. See BEN- 
 ZOIQUE. Benzoin operates, as a stimu- 
 lant, on the mucous membrane of the 
 lungs : and hence is regarded as expecto- 
 rant and vulnerary. It enters into divers 
 Officinal Preparations, French and German; 
 as Pills, Pilulae balsamicse (Pilules bal- 
 samiques, F.), P. Ph. ; and a Simple and 
 Compound Tincture, Tinctura de Benzoe 
 Alcoolica Benzoes simplex, L., Ein- 
 fache Benzoetinctur, G., and Tinct. Ben- 
 zoes composita, Balsamum traumaticum, 
 Commendatoris (Baume de Comman- 
 deur, F.), I..., Zusammengesetzte Ben- 
 zoetinctur, G. ; into a Syrup, Syrupus de 
 Benzoe, P. Ph., of the French; and an 
 Opiate Tincture, Tinct. Opii Benzoica 
 (Elixir Paregoricum), L., Benzoesaure- 
 haltige Opiumtinctur, of the Germans. 
 It is, moreover, employed as a perfume ; 
 and constitutes the basis of a celebrated 
 
 77 
 
 BER 
 
 cosmetic lotion, lait vii-ginal, F., lac 
 virginis, L., jungfernmilch, G. 
 
 BENOITE, s. f.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Geum ( Icosandria, polygyn. ; Rosaceae), 
 L., das Benedictenkraut, Nelkenkraut, 
 G., Herb Bennett, Avens, comprizing 
 several species. The root of one of these, 
 G. urbanum, Benoite officinale, F., bene- 
 dictwurzel, nelkenwurzel, G., common 
 Avens, of an aromatic odour resembling 
 that of Cloves, has acquired the name of 
 Radix caryophyllaia, in the shops : it is 
 bitter, acrid, tonic ; and ranks as one of 
 the indigenous substitutes for Cinchona. 
 The root of another European species, 
 G. rivale, Benoite aquatique, wasser- 
 benedict, water Avens, is said to pos- 
 sess similar properties. 
 
 BENZOATE, s. m., benzoas, m. L., 
 benzoate : a genus of Salts, resulting from 
 the combination of Benzoic acid, with va- 
 rious bases. The Benzoate of lime, Ben- 
 zoate de chaux, F., Benzoas calcis, L., 
 decomposed by hydrochloric, yields Ben- 
 zoic acid. All the other Benzoates are, 
 at present, useless. 
 
 BENZOIQUE, adj., benzoicus, L., ben- 
 zoic : an epithet applied, in Chemistry, 
 to an acid, acide benzoique,F., acidum 
 benzoicum, Ij.., benzoessiure, G., which 
 exists in Benzoin, and the other true 
 Balsams; in the Vanilla, and Canella alba 
 (see VANILLE and CANELLE); and in the 
 urine of infants and of the herbivorous 
 mammifera. For medicinal purposes, it 
 is obtained, by sublimation, from Benzoin ; 
 exhales a strong peculiar smell ; and con- 
 tains a little essential oil and resin. Pu- 
 rified by nitric acid, it is perfectly inodo- 
 rous. Like Benzoin, it acts upon the 
 tracheo-bronchial membrane, and is em- 
 ployed in chronic affections of the respi- 
 ratory organs. 
 
 BEH, s. m.: an Indian species of Rham- 
 nus, which produces gum lac. Sec JuJU- 
 BIER and LAQUE. 
 
 BERBERIDEES, s. f., Berberidece, L,. : a 
 family of dicotyledonous, polypetalous 
 plants, with hypogynous stamens; of which 
 the genus, Berberis (see VINOTTIER), con- 
 stitutes the type. The fruit of most of 
 the genera which it comprehends, is fleshy, 
 and possesses an acidulous flavour. 
 
 BERCE, s. f.: a genus, in Botany, He- 
 racleum (Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbelli ferae), 
 L., das Heilkraut, G., Cow Parbnep: 
 also a common European species of that 
 genus, H. sphondylium, common Cow-pars- 
 nep. From the roots and seeds of this 
 plant, slightly aromatic and carminative, 
 an intoxicating beverage is obtained, in 
 Russia, Lithuania, and Poland, by fermen- 
 tation. It is called parst, and employed 
 as beer, by the natives. The specific 
 name is derived from the fancied resem-
 
 BET 
 
 blance of its jointed stem to the vertebrae 
 of the spine, a-x'o-ibv'l.oi. 
 
 BERGAMOTTIER, s. f. : in Botany, a 
 species of the genus Citrus, growing in 
 Barbadoes (see GRANGER); and producing 
 a small orange of sweet peculiar odour, 
 and agreeable taste. The rind of the fruit 
 yields a powerful essential oil, huile de 
 Bergamotte, F., oleum Bergamottse, L., 
 Bergamottol, G., sometimes employed 
 in Medicine ; but more commonly as a 
 perfume. 
 
 BERLE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Slum 
 ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbellifjrcej, L-, 
 der Wassermerk, G., Water Parsnep. 
 It contains several interesting species ; a- 
 mong others, S. latifolium, Berle a larges 
 feuilles, breitbliitterichter Wassermerk, 
 broad-leaved Water-parsr.ep : leaves, a- 
 crid, and antiscorbutic : root, innoxious in 
 spring; but sometimes, in summer and 
 autumn, virulent, ''from deterioration of 
 its aromatic principles ; and known to 
 produce anxiety, vertigo, and furious de- 
 lirium." See Roques, Phytographle Mt- 
 dicale, v. ii., p. 84. 
 
 BERI.UE, s. f., caligatio, suffusio, f. L.: 
 in Pathology, an aberration of the sense 
 of vision, by which the image of unreal 
 objects is transmitted. The defect may 
 result from slight opacity of the transpa- 
 rent parts of the eye ; and is then symp- 
 tomatic. When idiopathic, it is commonly 
 produced by habitual or long-continued 
 direction of the eye upon glittering or 
 minute objects. Its phenomena are very 
 various. 
 
 BERS : an electuary, composed of pep- 
 per, white hemlock-seeds, opium, saffron, 
 and euphorbium; and employed, by the 
 Egyptians, to produce a transient state of 
 mental excitation. 
 
 BESICLES, s. f., pi. : a term, of uncertain 
 origin, Lunettes a deux verres, F., con- 
 spicilla, L., die brille, G., pair of spec- 
 tacles. 
 
 BETEL, s. m. : a species, in Botanv, 
 der betel, wasserpfeffer, G., belonging to 
 the genus, Piper (see POIVRE) ; and a na- 
 tive of India. It supplies the betel-leaf 
 of the southern Asiatics, which they em- 
 ploy, in conjunction with areca-nut and 
 lime, as a masticatory, and call the prepa- 
 ration Betel. The Piper betel is tonic and 
 astringent. 
 
 BETOINE, s. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Betonica (Didynamia, gymnosperm. ; Labi- 
 atae), L., xitrrgo^ die Betonika, G., 
 Betony. The B. oficinalis, betoine com- 
 mune, F., wood betony, a common Eu- 
 ropean plant, was much employed, in an- 
 cient medicine, against gout and sciatica. 
 The whole plant exhales a penetrating o- 
 dour : and, in a recent state, intoxicates. 
 The root is bitter, nauseous, emetic, and 
 
 78 
 
 BEU 
 
 purgative ; the leaves, sternutatory. Be- 
 toine des montagnes, see ARNIGUE : d'eau, 
 see SCROFULAIRE. 
 
 BETTE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Beta 
 (Pentandria, digyn. ; Chenopodeee, Atripli- 
 cece), L,., der 'Mangold, G., Beet : also, 
 a species of the genus, B. vuluaris, la poi- 
 re'e, F., rsurXav, mangoldkraut, G., 
 common beet, an annual, originally from 
 South Europe, with leaves edible, 'emolli- 
 ent, and employed in the dressing of blis- 
 ters and issues ; and presenting two prin- 
 cipal varieties : ft. la carde poiree, with a 
 large midrib, the only part of the leaf used 
 as an aliment ; and y. la betlerave, distin- 
 guished by its large fleshy root, which 
 forms, when cooked, an article of diet, and 
 is largely cultivated, in France, for the 
 manufacture of sugar. 
 
 BEURRE, s. m., UTI/JV, butyrum, n. 
 L., butter, f. G. and E. The term, but- 
 ter, is applied, in common language, in 
 Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Chemis- 
 try, to divers animal, vegetable, and mine- 
 ral productions : 1. to the concrete oil ob- 
 tained from the cream, which forms, in a 
 state of rest, on the surface of the milk, 
 furnished by the females of certain Mam- 
 mifera, especially the cow, goat, and sheep. 
 The physical properties of common but- 
 ter are well known. It is composed of 
 stearine, elain, butyric acid, and a colour- 
 ing matter : to a thick blackish oil result- 
 ing from the distillation of bees-wax, 
 Beurre de Cire, F., butyrum cerae, L. 
 2. Beurre (Huile} de Cacao, butyrum e 
 nucleis cacao, L. : a white fatty substance 
 obtained from the nut of Theobroma cacao 
 (see CACAO VER); nutritious, emollient, 
 employed, by the French, in the composi- 
 tion of suppositories, pommades, and medi- 
 cinal potions de Coco: a concrete oil, 
 which separates, spontaneously, from the 
 milk, contained in the shell of the Cocas 
 mtcifera (see COCOTIER) ; of a mild and 
 grateful flavour. de Galam : a concrete 
 oil, from Africa, of unknown origin, em- 
 ployed, by the natives, as a condiment. 
 de Muscade . a concrete oil produced from 
 an aqueous decoction of nutmegs. See 
 MUSCADE. Mungo Park speaks, also, of 
 a substance called, by the natives, tree-but- 
 ter, which is obtained by boiling, in water, 
 the kernel of a tree, growing in central A- 
 frica, and resembling an American oak : 
 it is whiter, firmer, richer in flavour, and 
 will keep much longer, than the common 
 butter of Europe. 
 
 3. The term is, lastly, applied to certain 
 metallic compounds, on account of their 
 butter-like aspect and consistence, and the 
 facility with which they melt on exposure 
 to heat. These are muriates (chlorides) of 
 Antimony, Arsenic, Bismuth, Tin, and 
 ?'m-, Itewrred'Antimoine, d'Arsenic,
 
 B1C 
 
 de Bismuth, d'E'tain, de Zinc. See 
 CHLORURE. The term, in this application, 
 is now almost obsolete. 
 
 BEVUK, s. f. (bis, twice, visus, seen), 
 double vision. Syn. with DIPLOPIE. 
 
 BEZOARD, s. m., lapis bezoardicus, 
 L., bezoarstein, m. G., bezoar : a name 
 derived from a Persian word, signifying 
 Antidote to poison ; and given, by the A- 
 rabs, to concretions found in the intestinal 
 canal and bladder of certain animals 
 Great alexipharmic and cordial virtues 
 were, by the ancients, attributed to them. 
 There are two principal species of Bezoar, 
 Bezoard oriental et occidental, F. The 
 former, obtained from the fourth stomach 
 of several species of Antelope, particularly 
 of the Alyazel (see ANTILOPE), was far 
 more highly prized than the latter, fur- 
 nished by the wild goat of Peru. The 
 urinary calculi of Man, and the intestinal 
 or biliary concretions of certain Mammife- 
 ra, and even Saurian lleptiles, have also 
 been termed Bezoars, with the distinctive 
 epithet, or addition of humain, de BceuJ, 
 de Cheval, de Porc-E'pic, de Cayman. 
 For an account of the different species of 
 natural Bezoar, see lire's Cliem. Diction., 
 Art. Bezoar. 
 
 The term, Bezoar, was, moreover, for- 
 merly employed to designate various arti- 
 ficial compounds of animal and mineral 
 substances, or natural vegetable produc- 
 tions, supposed to possess the alexiphar- 
 mic properties af the original bezoar. 
 Among the most celebrated of these Facti- 
 tious Bezears, Be'zoards factices, F., 
 are (he dried and pulverized heart and li- 
 ver of the Viper, called Animal Bezoar ; 
 the Solar, a compound of gold, nitric a- 
 cid, and chloride of Antimony ; Lunar, 
 a preparation of chloride of Silver, and 
 Martial, consisting of tritoxide of Iron 
 The Vegetable Bezoar is a stony concretion, 
 found in the interior of the Cocoa-nut. 
 
 BEZOARDIQUE, adj., bezoardicus, L., 
 bezoardic : a term applied to any sub- 
 stance which contains, or possesses the 
 properties of, Bezoar: Ex. llemede be- 
 zoardique, F., bezoardicum, L., gegen- 
 gift, n. G., an antidote. Syn. with A- 
 
 LEXIPHARMAQUE. 
 
 BICEPS, s. m., and adj., a term, of La- 
 tin derivation, applied, in Anatomy, to 
 any muscle, one of the extremities of 
 which, is deeply divided into two heads. 
 There are, in the human body, two mus- 
 cles of this description : the biceps brachi- 
 al (scapulo-radial, Ch.), F., biceps flexor 
 cubiti, L., zweikopfiger armmuskel, G., 
 attached, above, by its long head, to the 
 superior part of the glenoid cavity by its 
 short head, to the coracoid process of the 
 scapula ; below, to the tubercle of the ra- 
 dius : and the biceps crural (ischio-fe'mo- 
 
 79 
 
 BIE 
 
 ro-peronier, Ch.), biceps flexor cruris, 
 zweikopjiger schenkelmuskelj-j-above, to 
 the tuber ischii, and linea asbera of the 
 
 thigh ; below, to the head of the fibula 
 
 BICIPITAL, adj., bicipitalis, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied to any thing which is con- 
 nected with the biceps : Exs. Gouttiere 
 bicipitale (coulisse humeral, Ch.), sulcus 
 bicipitalis, L., the groove, situated be- 
 tween the two tuberosities of the hume- 
 rus, which lodges the tendon of the long 
 head of the biceps ; and tuberosite" bicipi- 
 tale, the tubercle on the humeral extremity 
 of the radius, to which the tendon of the 
 biceps is attached, below. 
 
 BICHIOS, BICHO. See DRAGONNEATJ. 
 
 BICONJUGE, adj., biconjugatus, L., bi- 
 conjugate : a term, in Botany, applied to 
 those leaves in which the common petiole 
 is divided at its summit, and each bifurca- 
 tion supports a pair of leaflets ; as in the 
 Mimosa Inga unguis-cati. 
 
 BICORNE, s. m., in Zoology, a genus of 
 intestinal worms. See DITRACHYCEROS : 
 in Anatomy, a Latin synonym (os bicorne) 
 of the hyoid bone : in Botany, an adjec- 
 tive term, bicorne, bicornis, L., zwei- 
 horniff, G., applied to all parts of plants 
 surmounted by, or terminating in, two 
 horns , as the Silicules of Thlapsi cerato- 
 carpon, and the Anthers of Vaccinium, 
 and several of the Ericece. 
 
 Bici'SPiDK, adj., bicuspidatus. L., 
 bicuspidate, terminated by two points : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to the two 
 small molar teeth, dents bicuspides, F., 
 dentes bicuspidati, bicnspides, L. : in Bota- 
 ny, to leaves, or other organs, of plants, 
 when terminating in two narrow and di- 
 vergent lobes. 
 
 BIDENTE, adj., bidentatus, L., zwey- 
 zahnig, G., bidental : a term applied, in 
 Zoology, to animals which possess only 
 two teeth , as the Physeter bidens, two- 
 toothed Cachalot, of Pennant : in Botany, 
 to the organs which exhibit the bidental 
 character ; as the Calyx, in certain of the 
 Labiate, and the Seeds of a genus of plants 
 (Syngenesia, polygam. (equal. ; Corymbiferce), 
 L., hence designated Bidens. See BIFIDE. 
 
 BIDIGITE-PENNE, adj., bidigito-pinna- 
 tus, L. : a term applied, in Botany, to the 
 leaves of plants, which, like those" of seve- 
 ral Mimosce, consist of a common petiole 
 supporting, on its summit, two pinnated 
 leaflets. 
 
 BIERE, s. f., cerevisia, f. L., bier, n. 
 G., beer: a liquor resulting from the 
 fermentation of the cereal grains, particu- 
 larly barley, with an addition of the hop, or 
 other bitter ingredient. Beer, of which 
 there are two principal varieties, strong, 
 and small, Cerevisia fortis et tenuis, L., 
 starkes bier, und haibbier, G., contains 
 alcohol, acetic acid, a bitter and aromatic
 
 BIL 
 
 extract, fecula, saccharine, and vegeto-a- 
 nimal matter ; the latter, in great abun- 
 dance. It constitutes a nutritious bever- 
 age ; and may be employed, with advan- 
 tage, in Scurvy, Scrofula, and other dis- 
 eases, which present the characters of ge- 
 neral debility. 
 
 BIFEMORO-CALCANIEN, s. rn., and adj., 
 bifemoro-calcaneus, L. : a term, in Ana- 
 tomy, given, by Chaussier, to the Gas- 
 trocnemius muscle, ausserer zweikopfi- 
 ger wadenmuskel, G., from its double in- 
 sertion into the femur, and its single at- 
 tachment to the calcaneum, or os calcis. 
 
 BIFIDE, adj., bifidus, L., zweispal- 
 tig, G., bifid, two-cleft : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Botany, to the organs of plants 
 when longitudinally divided, to about half 
 their extent, into two narrow portions ; as 
 the calyx of Pedicularis palustris, the pe- 
 tals of Draba verna, and the stigma of Salix 
 alba, and most of the Labiatae. The terms 
 Bilobe, Bidente, and Riparti, are, on the 
 contrary, employed when the portions of 
 the divided organ are broad ; or shorter, or 
 longer, than above specified. 
 
 BIFI.ORE, adj., biflorus, L., zweiblu- 
 mig? G., bifloral: an epithet, in Bota- 
 ny, applied to those parts of plants which 
 support, or inclose, two flowers ; as the pe- 
 duncle of Geranium columbinum, and the 
 spatha of many of the Irideae. 
 
 BIFORE, adj,, biforatus, L.. : a term, in 
 Botany, applied to any part of a plant 
 which exhibits two minute orifices or pores ; 
 as the anther of the Ericeas. See ANTHERE. 
 
 BIFURCATION, s. f., bifurcatio, f. L., 
 zweispitzige endtheilung, f. G. ; the fork- 
 like separation of a vascular trunk into two 
 branches ; the point where such separa- 
 tion takes place : Ex. de 1'aorte abdomi- 
 nale, F., bifurcation of the abdominal a- 
 orta into the two common iliac arteries. 
 In Botany, a like division of stem, branch, 
 or root : synonymous with DICHOTOJIE. 
 BIFURQUE, adj., bifurcatus, zweizack- 
 ig, G. : exhibiting the fork-like division 
 into two branches. 
 
 BIJUGE, adj., bijugatus, L. Those 
 leaves are, in Botany, termed feuilles bi- 
 juffees, F., whose common petiole sup- 
 ports two pairs of leaflets; as in several of 
 the Mimosa. 
 
 BILABIE, adj., bilabiatus, L., zwei- 
 lippig, G., bilabiate: a term, in Botany, 
 applied to the organs of plants which pre- 
 sent a division into two lips ; as the calyx, 
 and corolla, of many of the Labiatte. 
 
 BILAMELLE, adj., bilamellatus, L.., 
 bi-lamellated : a term in Botany. The 
 stigma of Mimulus is formed of two lamella, 
 which close when their internal surface is 
 irritated. The parietes of the capsule of 
 Digitalis are also bilamellated. 
 
 BILE, s. f., &*., bilis, m., fel, n. L., 
 80 
 
 BIP 
 
 galle, f. G., bile, gall : the yellow, vis- 
 cous fluid secreted by the liver ; specific 
 gravity, 1,026. The bile of animals, 
 which possess a gall-bladder, is distinguish- 
 ed into hepatic and cys/ic, hepatique et cys- 
 tique, F. The former flows directly from 
 the hepatic duct : the latter, from the cys- 
 tic, after having suffered some unknown 
 change during its retention in the gall-bag. 
 
 BILIAIRE, adj., ^aXaTof, biliaris, L., 
 zur galle gehorig, G., biliary : consist- 
 ing of, or relating to, bile : Ex. Calcul , 
 conduit , et vesicule biliaire, F., gallen- 
 stein, gallengang, gallenblase, G., gall- 
 stone, duct, and bladder. 
 
 BILIEUX, adj., x<>\ix,es, biliosus, 
 gallig, gallicht, bilious : caused by, or 
 affected with, bile : Ex. Fievre bilieuse, 
 temperament bilieux, febris biliosa, tem- 
 perainentum biliosum, a bilious fever, and 
 temperament. 
 
 BILOBE, adj., bilobatus, bilobus, L., , 
 bilobulated : a term applied, in Botany, to 
 those organs of plants which are divided 
 into two lobes by an obtuse sinus ; as the 
 leaves of Bauhinia porrecta. Applied to 
 seeds, it is synonymous with DICOTYLE- 
 DONE. See BIFIDE. 
 
 BILOCULAJRE, adj., bilocularis, L,., 
 zweifachrig, G., bilocular : a term, in 
 Botany, applied to any organ which exhi- 
 bits two cells ; as the capsule of Lilium, 
 and the anther of Orchis. See ANTHERE. 
 
 BIMANE, s. m., and adj., bimanus, L. : 
 a term applied, in Linnaean Zoology, to 
 Man, as possessing two hands: by French 
 Zoologists, to a genus of Saurian Reptiles, 
 as the Siren, characterized by the absence 
 of posterior pau's. 
 
 BINAIRE, adj., binarius, L., binary : 
 a term, in Chemistry, applied to a com- 
 pound of two elementary, or simple sub- 
 stances. 
 
 BINOCLE, s. m. : a bandage for both eyet. 
 See BANDAGE. 
 
 BIOLOGIE, s. f. (j8/j, life, Xayaf, discourse), 
 biologia, f. L., biologie, lebenlehre, f., 
 die lehre vom leben, G., biology, the 
 doctrine of life. BioLooiauE ? adj., 
 biologicus, biologisch, zur biologie geho- 
 rig, biological, belonging to biology. 
 
 BIPARTI, adj., bipartitus, L., zwei- 
 theilig, G., bipartite : a term, in Botany, 
 applied to any organ, as calyx, petal, or 
 style, which is divided into two portions 
 by a slit, extending beyond its middle ; and, 
 in this respect, differing from the condi- 
 tion indicated by BIFIDE. BIPARTIBLE, 
 adj., bipartibilis, L., susceptible of 
 spontaneous separation into two portions ; 
 as the pods of most of the Leguminosce, and 
 the capsules of Digitalis, and Nicotiana. 
 
 BIPEDE, s. m., and adj., WSf, bipes, 
 L., zweifussig, G., biped : a term, in 
 Zoology, applied to Man, and all other
 
 BIS 
 
 two-footed animals : by the French, to a 
 genus of Saurian Reptiles, characterized 
 by deficiency of anterior paws. 
 ' BIPINNATIFIDE, adj., bininnatifidus, 
 
 1, Leaves, in Botany, are called bipinna- 
 
 tijid, when they exhibit on the lateral 
 parts of the common petiole, divisions 
 themselves pimiatifid ; as those of Sonchus 
 tenerrimus. 
 
 BIPIXXE, adj., bipinnatus, I* Leaves 
 are said to be bipinnated when the common 
 petiole gives out secondary petioles, fur- 
 nished laterally with leaflets; as those of 
 Fumaria officinalis. 
 
 BISAXNUEL, adj., S<5TK, biennis, L.., 
 zweijahrig, G., biennial: a term, in 
 Botany, applied to plants which live two 
 years; ordinarily bearing fruit, the second: 
 Ex. Gaura biennis, biennial Gaura. 
 
 BISCUIT, s. m., panis biscoctus, L., 
 zwieback, n. G., a hard unleavened bread, 
 twice baked, in order that it may not suffer 
 the alteration incident to tbe more com- 
 mon kinds; and employed as the food of 
 sea-faring men in long voyages : it forms 
 an excellent article of diet for the invalid 
 in certain morbid affections of the intes- 
 tinal canaL Also, a delicate pastry, com- 
 posed of flour, egg, sugar, and some aro- 
 matic ingredient ; and commonly, but im- 
 properly, given to young children and 
 convalescents: as an aliment, the sweet 
 biscuit is indigestible, and favours the ge- 
 neration of flatus in the bowels. 
 
 BISEXE, BISEXUEL, adj., bisexuinus, 
 I,., bisexual: exhibiting the characters 
 of the two sexes. Syn. with HERMAPHRO- 
 DITE. 
 
 BISMUTH, s. m., Marcassite, ^Bismuth- 
 urn, n., Marcassita r f. !>., Bismuth, Wis- 
 muth, Maikasit, m. G. r Bismuth: a 
 solid metal,. spec: grav. 9,822, existing 
 in nature, either pure, or combined with 
 oxygen, or with sulphur and arsenic 
 Inert in the metallic state, it forms, with 
 nitric acid, the Officinal Preparation, Sub- 
 nitrate (oxide) of bismuth, nitrate (ou 
 sous-nitrate) de bismuth, blanc de fard, 
 
 F., nitras, (sub-nitras ), magisterium 
 
 bismuthi, L., salpetersaures bismuth 
 (bismuth-oxyd), wismuthmagisterium, G. : 
 a valuable medicine in some chronic de- 
 rangements of the stomach; but, in large 
 doses, poisonous. 
 
 Bisox, s. m. : a species, in Zoology, be- 
 longing to the genus, Bos, see BOSUF; 
 and, like its congener, the Musk-Ox, 
 B. moschalus,\e bceuf musque, F., der 
 bisamstier, G., a native of North Ameri- 
 ca. The Bison, B. Americanus, Ame- 
 rikanischer wilder ochs, G., is the larg- 
 est land-animal of the new continent: its 
 distinguishing characters, short, spreading 
 horns ; a long mane ; and gibbous back. 
 
 Bissus, s. m.,, /Saws?, byssus, m. L. : 
 
 81 
 
 BIT 
 
 the silk-like filaments, or beard, laine de 
 pinne-marine, soie de mer, poil de nacre, 
 F., die feine seide der seidenmuscheln, 
 G., by which the molluscous inhabitants 
 of the shells, belonging to the genus, Pin- 
 na, (see JAMBONEAU), attach themselves 
 to the rocks. This substance is formed 
 from the secretion of a particular gland, 
 by means of an appendage, or foot, resem- 
 bling a small tongue. In Italy, Corsica, 
 and Smyrna, it is manufactured into very 
 fine stuffs, which are said to promote cu- 
 taneous perspiration, and consequently 
 recommended to be worn next the skin, 
 in rheumatism and gout. See Dumeril, 
 E'lemens des Sciences Naturellez, vol. ii., p. 
 58 ; and Turton, Conchylia InsuL Britan- 
 nicarum, pi. 19, fig. 1. 
 
 BISTORTE, s. : a species, in Botany, 
 of the genus, Polynonnm (see PEHSICAIHE). 
 The root of P. Bislorta, schlangenwurz, 
 natterwurz, f. G., great Bistort, snake- 
 weed Persicaria, contains much tannin ; 
 and is astringent and tonic. The plant 
 derives its specific name from the twice- 
 bent (bistorta) figure of the root. 
 
 BlSTORTIER, BlSTOTIER, S. m., StoS- 
 
 sel, m. G., pestle: a wooden instrument, 
 pilon du bois, F., employed for tritu- 
 rating pharmaceutical substances in a 
 marble mortar. 
 
 BISTOURI, s. m., scalpellus, gladius 
 Pistoriensis, L.., bistouri, einschnittmes- 
 ser, n. G., bistoury : in Surgery, a knife 
 or scalpel ; so named from the town of 
 Pislori, once celebrated for the fabrication 
 of these instruments. The bistoury is va- 
 ried in figure and construction, according 
 to the precise purpose which it is destined 
 to serve. Thus the blade, lame, F., 
 may be straight or curved ; convex or 
 concave; plain, or guarded at the point, 
 surmontee d'un renflement olivaire. 
 There are, also, bistouries with fixed, slid- 
 ing, or spring-blades, bistouris a lames 
 fixes, flottantes, ou a ressort. Among 
 the more complicated, are the bistouri gas- 
 trique de Morand, and cache de Bien- 
 aise, employed in operations for strangu- 
 lated hernia, and lithotomy. 
 
 BISUI.CE, adj., S/jX, bisulcus, L., 
 bisulcous, cloven-footed : a term applied 
 to animals with divided hoofs, rait gespalt- 
 enen klauen, G. The Bisulca constitute, 
 in Zoology, the 6th Order of the Mamma- 
 lia, of Blumenbach, the 5tb, Pecora, of 
 Linnaeus; and comprehend all those gene- 
 ra which Cuvier has since arranged in his 
 Order, Ruminantia. See RUMIKANS. 
 
 BITERXE, adj., biternatus r L., biter- 
 nate : a term, in Botany, applied to 
 leaves, with the common petiole divided 
 into three, each secondary petiole bearing 
 three leaves ; as those of Imperatoria, Mas- 
 terwort. 
 
 G
 
 BLA 
 
 BITUME, s. m., a<r0aXrf, bitumen, n. 
 L., erdpech, n. G. : a name given to di- 
 vers mineral substances, liquid or solid, 
 lighter than water ; becoming electrical by 
 friction ; burning with a dense smoke, and 
 exhalinga peculiar odour. See ASPHALTE, 
 NAPHTHE, PETROLE. BITUMINEUX, 
 adj., bituminosus, erdpechig, bitumi- 
 nous: possessing the properties of bitu- 
 men. BITUMINISATION, s. , bitumini- 
 satio, f. JL. : the conversion of organic 
 bodies into bituminous substance. 
 
 BIVALVE, adj., bivalvus, L , zwei- 
 schalig, G. The term, bivalve, is applied, 
 in Conchology, to the shell of the Oyster, 
 and other testaceous Mollusca, consisting 
 of two valves or pieces ; and is used to de- 
 signate one of the three Orders, in which 
 Shells are arranged. See MULTIVALVE, 
 UNIVALVE. In Botany, the capsule of 
 some plants, as Syringa, and the nucleus of 
 others, as Amygdalus Persica, are, from a 
 similar construction, denominated bivalve. 
 
 BIVENTRE, adj. See DIGASTRIQUE. 
 
 BLAIREAU, s. m. : a species, in Zoology, 
 belonging to the Linnsean genus, Ursus 
 (Mammalia ; Digitata, Ferae, Bl.); and to 
 the Meles ( Plantigrada ), of modern natu- 
 ralists. The Badger, Ursus Meles 
 taxus, der dachs, G., is a common Eu- 
 ropean animal : flesh edible. 
 
 BLANC : a term vaguely or vulgarly ap- 
 plied, in French, to various productions, 
 natural or artificial, of the animal, vegeta- 
 ble, and mineral kingdoms, exhibiting a 
 white colour; as Blanc de baleine, see CE- 
 TINE and SPERMACETI; d'oauf, white 
 of egg, see ALBUMINE: Blanc de cham- 
 pignon, the whitish filamentous substance 
 employed for the propagation of mush- 
 rooms, and constituting, in fact, the first 
 development of their seeds ; d'eau, the 
 white water-lily, Nymphcea alba : Blanc 
 raisin, ou rhasis, an unguent composed 
 of white wax, olive-oil, and sub-carbonate 
 
 of lead : Blanc de bismuth, de fard, 
 
 see BISMUTH; de ceruse, de plomb, 
 sub-carbonate of lead ; d'Espagne, ou 
 de craie, cylindrical or ovoid cakes compos- 
 ed of finely pulverized carbonate of lime 
 and water. In vulgar language, the por- 
 tion of sclerotica visible between the eye- 
 lids, and surrounding the transparent cor- 
 nea, is called blanc de 1'ceil, white of the 
 eye. BLANC, adj., XEVXO;, albus, I,., 
 weiss, G., white. 
 
 BLANCHET, s. m.: in Pharmacy, a piece 
 of white linen, through which syrups, and 
 other such liquids, are filtered. 
 
 BLASTEME, s. m. (^atrr^a, a bud or 
 shoot), blastema, n. L., wurzelkeim, m. 
 G. The body which bears the cotyledons 
 in the vegetable embryo, is thus designat- 
 ed by Mirbel. It comprehends the radi- 
 cle, plumule, and collet. In the Dodder 
 
 82 
 
 BLE 
 
 (Cuscuta), the blasteme has no cotyledon. 
 
 BLASTODERME, s. m. (/SXao-ravJ, I ger- 
 minate, Ss^a, skin), blastoderma, n. L. : 
 a name given, by Pander, to the membra- 
 niform body situated below the cicatricule 
 in the ovum of birds; and which produces, 
 by its development, all parts of the chick. 
 
 BLATTE, s. m. : a genus of Insects, 
 Blatta ( Hemiptera, L.inn. ; Orthoptera, 
 Blattidte, St.), L., die Schabe, G., com- 
 prehending a few species which infest the 
 habitations of man, and commit great de- 
 predations on his food and clothing. The 
 animals, composing the genus, possess two 
 stomachs ; one of which is muscular, fur- 
 nished, in the interior, with curved teeth, 
 and surrounded, at the pylorus, with eight 
 or ten coscums. They quit their hiding- 
 places at night ; exhale, and impregnate 
 everything they feed upon, with, a dis- 
 gusting odour ; and are with difficulty ex- 
 terminated. The three most destructive 
 species are the B. orientalis, Ualte des 
 cuisines, F., brotschabe, G., cock- 
 roach ; the B. Americana, and Lapponica, 
 blatte kakkerlac, and de I^aponie. 
 The first, which has acquired, in French, 
 the vulgar designations of noirot, and bete 
 des boulangers, is probably the <r&<fn) l 
 
 ToTf ii^TOKaft'tat; tv(>iffxi>(t.iv>>, of DioSCOlideS. 
 
 These insects suffer no real metamorpho- 
 sis : the larva and nymph differ from the 
 adult, only in the absence of the elytra 
 and wings. 
 
 B LK, s. m., fires, frumentum, n. L., 
 getreide, n. G., corn : every species of 
 grain employed in the manufacture of 
 bread. Ble cormt, See ERGOT. d'Es- 
 pagne, d~Ilulie, de Turquie, See MAIS. 
 noir, See SARRASIX. de la Saint- 
 Jean, See SEIGI.E. 
 
 BLECHRGPYRE, s. f. (/3x?^$, weak, -rug, 
 fever), blechopyra, f., febris asthenica 
 seu adynamica, L,., ein schwaches unbe- 
 deutendes fieber, G., an asthenic slow, 
 nervous fever. 
 
 BLENNELYTRIE, s. f. (/Sxtwa, mucus, 
 {XuT^av, a sheath), blennelytria, f. L. : a 
 term applied, by Alibert, to vaginal ca- 
 tarrh,-Aer weisse fluss der weiber, G., 
 the leucorrhcea of women. It constitutes 
 the 6th genus of the Blennoses, in his No- 
 solof/ie Naturelle. 
 
 BLENNENTERIE, s. f. (/SXma, and Vv- 
 TSJOV, intestine), blennenteria, f. L. : A- 
 libert's term for Dysentery ; which consti- 
 tutes the 3rd genus of his Blennoses. 
 
 BLENNISTHMIE, s. f. (same, and lvtp.s, 
 throat), blennisthmia, f. L. ; a catarrhal 
 affection of the membrane of the pharynx 
 and larynx, schleimhautkrankheit des 
 rachens, G., is thus designated by Ali- 
 bert. It constitutes the 8th genus of his 
 Blennoses. 
 
 BLENNOPHTHALMIE, s. f. (same, and
 
 BLE 
 
 o^aX/u.o;, an eye), blennophthalmia, f. 
 Ij. : the 7th genus of Alibert's Blennoses ; 
 comprehending all the different species of 
 Ophthalmia. 
 
 BLENNOFYRIE, s. f. (/3Am, mucus, *?, 
 fever), blennopyria, f. L.., schleimfieber, 
 n. G., mucous fever : the 10th genus of 
 the Blennoses of the Nosologie Naturelle ; 
 in which are comprehended divers disea- 
 ses, ordinarily known by the names of 
 mesenteric, slow nervous, gastric quotidi- 
 an, and adeno-meningeal fever. 
 
 BJLENNORHINIE, s. f. (same, and piv, the 
 nose), blennorhinia, f. Ij. : Alibert's tenn 
 for Coryza, nasenschleimfluss, m. G. ;- 
 constituting the 1st genus of Blennoses. 
 
 BT.ENNORBHAGIE, s. f. (same, and pvyw- 
 ftt, I flow with force), blennorrhagia, f. 
 L,., schleimfluss, m. G. : acute inflamma- 
 tion of the urethra and prepuce in the 
 male, of the urethra and vagina in the 
 female ; followed by the discharge of a 
 yellowish or greenish fluid : frequently 
 the consequence of venereal contagion 
 BI.ENNORHAGIQTTE, adj., blennorrhagi- 
 cus, an blennorhagie leidend, dazu geho- 
 rig, suffering from , pertaining to '- 
 Blennorrhagia. 
 
 BLENNORRHEE, s. f. (same, and p'stu, I 
 flow), blennorrhoea, f. L., blennorrhoe, 
 f., ein chronischer schleimftuss, G. : the 
 chronic stnge of blennorrhagia. Blehnor- 
 rhoiciis, adj. L. : suffering from , relating 
 to Blennorrhcua. 
 
 BLENXOSE, s. f., BLENNOSES, pi. (same), 
 Blennosis, es, fl !>.-, Schleimkrank- 
 heit, en, f. G.: the name of the 10th Fa- 
 mily of the Nosologie Nalurelle, of Ali- 
 bert ; comprehending all the catarrhal af- 
 fections of the mucous membranes. 
 
 BI.ENNOTHOHAX, s. m. ({sKivva.,^ and 
 6<u^a.', breast), F. and L. : Alibert's term 
 for pulmonary catarrh, schleimbrust, an- 
 haufung von schleim in der brust, G. ; 
 forming the 10th genus of his JB'lennoses. 
 
 BLENNOTORRHEE, e. fl (same, avi, the 
 ear, pin, I flow), blennotorrhoea, f. L., 
 ohrschleimfluss, m. G. : the name given 
 by Alibert, to Otorrhcea (see OTORRHEE) ; 
 and forming the 9th genus of Blennoses. 
 
 BLENNURETHRIE, s. f. (same, and l^n- 
 t%u, the urethra), blennurethria, f. L., 
 schleimfluss der harnrohre, G. : Alibert's 
 term for Blennorrhagia, the 5th genus of 
 his Blennoses. 
 
 BLENNURIE, s. f. (same, and oigov, u- 
 rine), blennuria, f. L., der schleimab- 
 gang mit dem harne, G. : the name given, 
 by Alibert, to catarrh of the bladder, ca- 
 tarrhe vesical, F. ; which constitutes the 
 4th genus of the Blennoses, in his Nosolo- 
 c/ie Naturelle. 
 
 BLEPIIARIDES. See CILS. 
 
 BLEPHARITE, s. f. (Gxiipajov, the eye- 
 lid), blepharitis, palpebrarum inflamma- 
 83 
 
 BLE 
 
 tio, f. L., augenliederentzundung, f. G., 
 inflammation of the eye-lids. Syn. with 
 BLEPHAHOTIS, s. f. , inrlammation'des pau- 
 pieres, F. BLEPHARU-.DEME, ? s. m., 
 blepharcedema, n. L., augenliederodem, 
 n., augenliederwassergeschwulst, f. G., 
 oedema tedematous swelling of the eye- 
 lids. 
 
 BLEPHARONCOSE, s. f. (/SXsipa^v, the eye- 
 lid, Syxas, a tumour),^ blepharoncus, m. 
 L.,^-augenliedergescnwulst, f. G., tu- 
 mour of the eye-lids. 
 
 Br.EPHARpriiTHAi,MiE, s. f. ( same, and 
 oQQaXpia., ophthalmy),. blepharophthalmi- 
 a, f. L. Syn., in the French, with BLE- 
 PHARITE, ophthalmic palpe'brale ; but, 
 according to Kraus, more correctly signi- 
 fying inflammation of the eye and eye- 
 lids, -entxiindung des auges und der au- 
 genlieder, G. He also employs the La- 
 tin term, Blepharoblennorrhosa, s. f., 
 (Blepharoblennorrhe'e, f. F.), augenlie- 
 uerschleimHuss, m. G., to express mu- 
 cous inflammation of the eye-lids, 
 schleimichte augenliederentxiindung, G. 
 (purulent ophthahny ?) ; and regards it 
 as a synonym of the affection when ema- 
 nating from a gonorrhceal or urethral 
 source, Blepharoblen norrh rca gonorrhoi- 
 ca vel urethritica, I,.,. augenliedertrip- 
 per, augenliederschleimfluss durch trip- 
 pergift, G. The new Latin substantive, 
 Blepharophthiilmitis, compounded from 
 the Greek, Hlepharophthalmite, f. F., 
 is, moreover, introduced by Kraus, as 
 the scientific term for acute inflammation 
 of the eye-ball and lids, eine a'chte ent- 
 xiindung des augapfels und der augenlie- 
 der, G. 
 
 Bi-EPHAROPTOsis, s. f. (same, and vru- 
 orts, falling), palpebrse superioris prolap- 
 sus, L., das herabsinken, oder der vor- 
 fall, des obern augenliedes, G. : the fall- 
 ing down of the superior palpebra before 
 the eye. Paralysis of the eye-lids, Ble'- 
 pharoplegie, f. F., blepharoplegia, f. L., 
 augenliederlahmung, f. G., or, at least, 
 of the levator muscle, frequently result- 
 ing from cerebral lesion, is the ordinary 
 cause of this accident. 
 
 BLESITE, s. f, blsesitas, f. (bloews, 
 stammering, or lisping), L,., lispeln, n. 
 G., lisping : the term for a defect in arti- 
 culation; sometimes employed, by the 
 French, as syn. with BEGAIEMENT. 
 
 BLESSURE, s. f., Tjau^a.vulnus, n., 
 laesio, f. L., wunde, f. G., wound : a 
 local lesion directly resulting from the in- 
 fliction of external violence, whether at- 
 tended, or not, with a solution of continu- 
 ity of the parts implicated ; as open 
 wounds, plaies avec solution de continu- 
 ite' visible a Pexterieur, F., contusions, 
 sprains, luxations, fractures, herniae. In 
 common language, a pregnant female is 
 
 G2
 
 BOI 
 
 also said, by the French, to have been 
 wounded, Jtlessee, when she has sustain- 
 ed an injury which may have destroyed 
 the foetus : and, in like manner, the me- 
 norrhagia which sometimes occurs during 
 pregnancy, is vulgarly designated blessure. 
 BLEU, adj., Kua.ii.os, xvavo;, cseruleus, 
 L., blau, G., blue : an epithet applied, 
 in Chemistry, to certain compounds 
 which exhibit this colour ; as the Blew de 
 Berlin, de Prusse, c&ruleum beroli- 
 nense, I*., berliner6/w, G., Prussian 
 blue, a name given to the hydrocyanate 
 of iron, hydrocyanate de fer, F., on its 
 first discovery at Berlin, and still retained 
 in the arts : in Pathology, to a disease, 
 Maladie bleue, F., morbus c&ruleus, I..., 
 6/awsucht, f. G., in which, from mal- 
 formation, or some morbid condition, of 
 the heart, the whole surface of the body 
 acquires a blue or purple colour. See 
 
 CyANOSE. 
 
 B. M. : an abbreviation of the term, 
 Jialne-marie, water-bath. 
 
 BOCAL, s. m. : a cylindrical vessel of 
 glass, with a large aperture at one of the 
 extremities; destined for the preserva- 
 tion of solid substances. 
 
 BCEUF, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, Bos, 
 m. ( Mammalia, Bisulca, Bl. ; Mammiferes, 
 Ruminans, Cuv.), L., der Ochs, der 
 Stier, G., comprehending several species 
 with numerous varieties : see BISON, 
 BUFELE, YACK : also, the common Euro- 
 pean species of the genus, B. taurus, 
 which includes the peifect male, or bull, 
 taureau, m. F., rai^oj, taurus, m. JL., 
 bulle, m. G. ; the castrated male, or ox, 
 ochs, m. G. (to which the terms, bceuf, 
 ftous, and bos, are more correctly appli- 
 cable) ; the female, or cow, vache, F., 
 vacca, L. T kuh, G. ; the heifer, genisse, 
 F., Sa^aAjy, bucula, L., farse, G. ; 
 and the young animal or calf, le veau, 
 F., fie<r%es, a-o^r/j, vitulus, Ij., kalb, 
 G. The term, Bceuf, beef, is, more- 
 over, applied, in French, to the flesh, 
 xaiaf fiauov, caro bubula, L., rindfteisch, 
 G., of the adult animal of both sexes ; as 
 is Veau, veal, xoia; fjuxr^ntv, caro vi- 
 tulina, kalbfleisch, to that of the 
 young. The former, especially when pro- 
 cured from the ox or cow, is far more di- 
 gestible than veal ; which, in subjects of 
 weak or irritable bowels, frequently ex- 
 cites gastric derangement, and even diar- 
 rhoea. The skin, hair, horns, blood, fat, 
 and bowels, of these valuable animals, are 
 converted to divers useful purposes ki the 
 arts. See Dume'ril, E'lemens des Sciences 
 Naturelles, v. ii., p. 324 ; and, for an ac- 
 count of the milk furnished by the female, 
 the Article, L.AIT. 
 
 Bois, s. m., t/xv, lignum, n. L.., 
 holz, n. G., wood : in common language, 
 
 84 
 
 BOI 
 
 the hard and compact substance which 
 forms the root, the trunk, and branches 
 of trees and shrubs : in Botany, that part 
 of the vegetable trunk situated beneath 
 the alburnum, which is, itself, a newly- 
 formed and yet imperfect wood. See Au- 
 BIER. Wood, containing, in its centre, 
 the pith, varies greatly according to the 
 tree by which it is produced. In Mono- 
 cotyledonous plants, as those of the Palm 
 and the Aloe genus, it traverses longitu- 
 dinally, in hard and tenacious fibres, the 
 interior of the stem : while, in the Dicoty- 
 ledonous, as Oak and Kim, the ligneous 
 mass is disposed in concentric layers ; one 
 of which is annually formed by induration 
 of the alburnum. Wood, deprived of its 
 soluble principles by water and alcohol, 
 still, to the action of fire, yields water, 
 acetic acid, oil, the carbonic acid and car- 
 buretted hydrogen gases, charcoal, the 
 sulphates, muriates and phosphates of po- 
 tass, soda, lime or magnesia. For an ac- 
 count of the principal kinds of wood em- 
 ployed in medicine, see the Articles, 
 CAMPECHE, GAIAC, QUASSIA. 
 
 BoiSSON, S. .., it'offis, iforli, potio, f., 
 
 potus, m. L., trank, m., getriink, n. G., 
 drink, beverage : liquids, of various de- 
 scription, introduced into the stomach to 
 allay thirst, dilute the alimentary mass, 
 and repair the losses which the fluids of 
 the animal body are constantly sustain- 
 ing. 
 
 BOITE, s. f., KK-^a, capsa, f. L,, 
 biichse, f. G., box or cnse : an instru- 
 ment made of wood, pasteboard, or other 
 material ; and destined to contain the 
 articles necessary for the performance of 
 certain operations in Anatomy and Sur- 
 gery : hence the terms, boite a dissection, 
 a amputation, a cataracte, a trepan. 
 In Anatomy, the cranial cavity is called 
 boite. do crane : and, in common language, 
 the larger articulations, as that of the 
 knee, -boite de genou, obtain a like de- 
 signation. In Surgery, that portion of 
 the stem of the trephine, which receives 
 the pyramid and perforator, is termed 
 boite ; as, also, a capsule of elastic gum, or 
 wrought iron, applied so as to receive the 
 intestinal discharges which constantly 
 issue from an anus contre-nature. Boite de 
 Petit i a machine, invented by Petit, for 
 enclosing, and retaining in contact, the 
 fragments of bone in complicated fracture 
 of the leg. 
 
 In Botany, the term, Boite a savon- 
 nette, F., w/|<S/y, pyxidium, n., capsu- 
 la circumcissa, f. L., buchsekapsel, f. G., 
 is employed to designate a capsular 
 fruit ; which, like that of Anagallis and 
 Hyoscyamus, opens horizontally, so as to 
 form two hemispherical valves. 
 
 BOITIER, s. m., capsula unguentaria,
 
 BOM 
 
 f. L., salbenbiichse, f. G. : a box divided 
 into several compartments for the purpose 
 of containing ointments, lint, bandages, 
 instruments, and other articles requisite 
 for the dressing of wounds, the dressing- 
 box employed principally by hospital-sur- 
 geons. 
 
 BOL, s. m., bolus, m. L. (fracas, a. mass, 
 a mouthful), ein medicinischer bissen, 
 G. : in Pharmacy, a mass composed of di- 
 vers substances-; more voluminous and 
 softer than a pill, and swallowed without 
 mastication : in Physiology, the mass 
 formed by the food after subjection to 
 mastication and insalivation, and thus pre- 
 pared for its passage into the pharynx, is 
 termed the alimentary bole, Bol alimen- 
 taire, F., bolus alimentarius, L. Boi 
 iT Armenie, bolus armena, I./.,. Annen- 
 ischer bolus, G., Armenian boles a red 
 argyl, found in several parts of Europe, as 
 well as in Armenia ; and indebted for its 
 colour and astringent properties, to the 
 large proportion of oxide of iron which it 
 -contains. BOLAIRE, adj., bolaris, L., 
 of the nature of bole : Terre bolaire, F., 
 iaforerde, G., bole armeniac. 
 
 BOLET, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Bole- 
 tus ( Cryptogamia, fungi), L jSa/A/Vxs, 
 containing many species. It is character- 
 ized by the presence of numerous tubes 
 arranged vertically beneath the pileus 
 le chapeau, F of the plant. The AMA- 
 DOU, and the AGARIC of surgeons, are fur- 
 nished by two of the species. The B. 
 suaveolens, bolet odorant, F., wohlriech- 
 ender weidenschwamm, G., so named 
 from the fragrant odour which it exhales, 
 has been eulogized in pulmonary phthisis. 
 Some species, as B. edulis, bolet comesti- 
 ble, la cepe ou gyrole, F., are edible: 
 and others furnish the material for the 
 preparation of moxa. See Greville, Scott. 
 Cryptog. Flora , and Roques, Histoire des 
 Champign. contest, et venen. Paris, 1832. 
 
 BOLETATE, s. m., boletas, m. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts resulting from 
 the combination of bolelic acid, 1'acide bo- 
 
 letique, F., acidum "boleticum, L., 
 
 schwammsaure, G., with different bases. 
 This acid is obtained by treating, with ni- 
 trate of lead, the expressed juice of Bole- 
 tus pseudo-igniarius, and decomposing the 
 precipitate by a stream of hydro-chloric 
 acid gas. 
 
 BOLETOIDES, Bolelida,? L.: the name 
 given, in Botany, to a Section of the Fa- 
 mily of Fungi, of which the genus, Boletus, 
 constitutes the type. 
 
 BOMBEMENT, s. m., bombus, m. (f>i>p- 
 as, the hum of bees, a buz or murmur), 
 sonitus aurium, L., ohrenlauten, ohren- 
 tdnen, lauten in den ohren, n. G., noise 
 buzzing in the ears. Employed, also, 
 as synon. with BORBORYGME. 
 
 85 
 
 BON 
 
 s. m., bombias, m. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts resulting from 
 the combination of bombic acid, 1'acide 
 bombique, F., acidum bombicum, L., sei- 
 denwiirmersaure, G., with divers bases. 
 Discovered by Chaussier, in a cavity of the 
 silk-worm, the caterpillar ofBambyxMori 
 (seeVER-A-SoiE), this acid was, at first, re- 
 garded as peculiar ; but is now proved to 
 be well-nigh, if not perfectly, identical 
 with acetic acid. 
 
 BOMBYCE, s. m. ()So^/3w|, the silk-worm): 
 a genus, in Entomology, Bombyx ( Lepi- 
 doptera, nocturna, Cuv.), L., containing 
 several species ; the caterpillars of which 
 spin a cocoon at the period of their meta- 
 morphosis into the chrysalid state. One 
 of the most familiar of these is the silk- 
 worm Moth, Bombyx Mori. See VER-A- 
 SOIE. Several other species are deeply 
 interesting to the naturalist and the phy- 
 sician, either from their extraordinary ha- 
 bits and productions, or from the painful 
 and even formidable irritation which the 
 contact of their hairs, exuviae, web, or co- 
 coon frequently excites on the human 
 skin. Of these, the principal are the Bom- 
 byce processionnaire, F., Bombyx Pha- 
 leena Cnethocampa processioned, L. ; 
 pythiocampe, B. pitiocampa, see PYTHI- 
 OCABIPE ; chrysorrhe'e, B. Phalana 
 Porthesia chrysorrhosa ; martre, B 
 Phalcena Lithosia Arctia caja ; and 
 
 dtoile, B. Phalaena Orgyia antiqua. 
 
 The caterpillar of Bombyce queue-four- 
 
 chue, B. Phalcena Centra vinula, 
 
 which lives principally on the poplar, has 
 also the property, when irritated, of eject- 
 ing, from an orifice situated on the lower 
 surface of the body, between the head and 
 anterior feet, a clear, powerfully acid, 
 stimulating fluid. See Cloquet, Faune 
 des Medecins, vol. iii, p. 39 ; and Boisdu- 
 val, Collection Iconograph. et Historique 
 des Chenilles d" Europe, Paris, 1832. 
 
 BON-HENRI. See ANSERINE. 
 
 BONNET, s. in., le reseau, arsineum, 
 reticulum, n., ollula, L., die haube, 
 miitze, , magenzipfel, m. G., bonnet, 
 honey-comb bag, king's-hood : in Compa- 
 rative Anatomy, the second stomach of 
 ruminating animals, le second estomac 
 des ruminans, F., zweyter magen wie- 
 derkauender saugthiere, G. It is a glo- 
 bular appendage of the first stomach or 
 paunch, see ABOMASUM, and PANCE; but 
 distinguished from the latter, by "the 
 polygonal and acute-angled cells" of its 
 internal coat. See Blumenbach, Hand- 
 buck der verffleich. Anatom.,p. 133; Carus, 
 Lehrbuch der Zootomie, p. 409 ; or the 
 Translations by Lawrence, Coulson ; and 
 by Gore. 
 
 BONPLANDIE, s. f. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Bonplandia, See ANGUSTURE.
 
 BOH 
 
 BORACIQUE. Syn. with 
 See BORE. 
 
 BORATE (Sous), s. m., sub-boras, ni. 
 L. : in Chemistry, the generic name of 
 salts boraxsaure saLze, G., formed by 
 combination of boracic acid with different 
 bases. The only species employed in me- 
 dicine, are the Borax, sub-borate of soda, 
 borate sursature", -sous-borate de soude, 
 tinckal, chrysocolle, F., boras supersatu- 
 ratus -boras sub-boras, sodae, chrysocol- 
 la, L.., boraxsaures, basisches boraxsaures 
 sodiumoxyd, G. ; which exists, in an im- 
 pure state, in certain lakes of India, and 
 is subsequently purified by solution and 
 crystallization : and the sub-borate of 
 quicksilver, borate de mercure, sel seda- 
 tif mercuriel, F., boras hydrargyri, L., 
 boraxsaures quecksilber, ? G., a product 
 of art, recommended, but rarely prescrib- 
 ed, in syphilitic affections. 
 
 BORBORYGME, s. m. po/tSoftwyftof, bor- 
 borygmus,m. L., knurren im leibe,n. G.: 
 the hollow rumbling induced by the pre- 
 sence of flatus in the intestinal canal. 
 Borborygmi the term is usually employ, 
 ed in the plural, borborygmes, F., /3g- 
 ovy[jt,al, leibkollern, G., frequently pre- 
 cede, in diseases attended with obstinate 
 constipation, a critical evacuation by the 
 bowels. 
 
 BORD, s. m., .margo, m. I,., rand, m. 
 G. border, margin : a term applied, in 
 descriptive Anatomy, to the boundaries of 
 the surfaces of organs, whether bone, mus- 
 cle, or viscus : Exs. Bord superieur de la 
 pommette, F., mqrgo superior ossis zy- 
 gomatici, L., oberer rand des wangen- 
 beines, G. ; bord interne du muscle cou- 
 turier, F., margo internus musculi sarto- 
 rii, L.; bord anterieur du foie, F., vor- 
 derer rand der leber, G. The term, bord 
 libre, is also given to the unattached bor- 
 der of an organ : while that which exhibits 
 a contrary disposition, is designated le 
 bord adherent. When the edge of one 
 bone is united to another, as that of the 
 frontal to the corresponding margin of the 
 parietal, it is named bord articulaire. 
 
 BORE, s. m., bora, , boriuin, n. L., 
 boraxstoff, m. G., boron : an elementary 
 body, the basis of boracic acid, Acide bo- 
 rique, F., acidum boracicum, L., borax- 
 saure, iorowsaure, G., which is found 
 pure in some lakes of Tuscany and India. 
 Boron itself does not exist in a state of 
 purity. Heated in contact with oxygen 
 or atmospheric air, it is converted into bo- 
 racic acid ; and may be obtained by decom- 
 posing this salt with potassium or sodium 
 which unites with the oxygen, and sets 
 the boron free. Not used in medicine. 
 
 BOHGNE, adj., unoculus, qui unum ha- 
 bet oculum, L., einaugig, der nur ein auge 
 hat, G., one-eyed : a term, in Anatomy } 
 
 86 
 
 BOS 
 
 synonymous with AVEUGLE : in Patholo- 
 gy, applied to an individual, codes, L/., 
 who sees only with one eye : in Surgery, 
 to fistulse, lesfistules bm-gnes, F., which 
 have but one orifice. If the orifire termi- 
 nate on the surface, such fistula is farther 
 distinguished by the epithet cxterne: on 
 the contrary, it is designated interne, if 
 communicating only with an interior cyst 
 or cavity. 
 
 BORIQUE, adj. See BORE. 
 
 BOROSAIL, ou ZAEL : the name of a 
 disease, common in Ethiopia ; which at- 
 tacks the human organs of generation, and 
 exhibits a striking analogy with Syphilis. 
 
 BORRAGINKES, s. f. pi., Boraginece, 
 Boraginoidece, 1,. : a family of dicotyledo- 
 nous, monopetalous, hypogynous plants ; 
 which derives its name from the Latin, 
 Borago. See BOURRACHE. The species, 
 which it comprehends, are, for the most 
 part, mucilaginous and emollient : and, in 
 the juice of many, nitrate of potass, im- 
 parting a diuretic pioperty, is contained. 
 The roots of several afford a red colouring 
 matter. 
 
 BORURE, s. m., boruretum, n. L. : a 
 compound of boron and a simple body. 
 
 BOSSE, s. f., gibba, f., gibbus, m., tuber, 
 n. I*., buckel, hocker, m. G., promi- 
 nence, tuberosity, hunch : a term applied, 
 in Anatomy, to the rounded eminences 
 which occur on the surface of flat bones ; 
 as the frontal eminence, bosse frontale, F., 
 tuber frontale, L., stirnhocker. G., of the 
 os frontis ; the external occipital tuberosity, 
 bosse ou protuberance occipitale externe, 
 protuberantia occipitis externa, of the 
 occipital ; and the bosse parie'tale, schei- 
 telbeinhocker, of the parietal bone: in 
 Pathology, the projection which results 
 from a morbid deviation of the bones of 
 the trunk. It is most commonly formed 
 by the vertebral column, or the sternum; 
 sometimes by the ribs or the pelvic bones. 
 The spinal curvature may take place in 
 
 three different directions, posteriorlv, 
 
 anteriorly, and laterally. The first, arid 
 most frequent, constitutes the xv<p<u<ris,znd 
 gibbositas,- the second, the \i>$affi;, and 
 recurvatio, the third, the ffxoKiuiris, and 
 obstipatio, of the ancient Greek and La- 
 tin writers. These morbid deviations of 
 the osseous system occur, for the most 
 part, in early age, and are the consequence 
 of a rachitic or scrofulous affection. In 
 vulgar language, the tumour resulting 
 from the contusion of the integuments 
 which immediately cover a bone, as 
 those of the cranium, is designated bosse, 
 F., English, bump. 
 
 In Botany, the term, bosse, is also ap- 
 plied by the French, to the minute appen- 
 dages which exist at the entrance of the 
 corollae of certain plants, as Borago offici- 
 nalis, and
 
 EOT 
 
 BOTAL (Trou de): a name given, in 
 Anatomy, to the oval orih'ce of communi- 
 cation, le trou ovale, F., foramen ovale, 
 L., das eirunde loch, G., which exists, 
 in the foetal state, between the auricles of 
 the heart ; from its supposed discovery by 
 Leonard Botal. It had, however, been 
 previously known and mentioned by Ga- 
 len and Vesalius. 
 
 BoTANIClUE, S. f., Botanica, f. (/3a<rav, 
 
 an herb), L., Botanik, Krauterkunde, 
 Krauterwissenschaft, Pflanzenkunde, f. 
 G., Botany, est ea scientiae naturalis 
 pars, quse nomina, structuram, functiones, 
 vires, et usum plantarum docet, easque 
 certa methodo in suas classes et genera 
 distribuit, L. BOTANISTS, s. m., bota- 
 niker, krauterverstandiger, m. G., a bo- 
 tanist. BoT-av/xoV, adj. botanicus, L., 
 botanisch, G., botanic, botanical, pertain- 
 ing to n ioTa.vix.vi (riwi)) Botany, or the 
 Science of plants. 
 
 BOTANOI-OGIE, S. f. (/3aravi, and Xayf, 
 discourse), botanologia, f. L. : a treatise 
 on Botany. 
 
 BOTHRION, s. m. : a term, borrowed 
 from the Greek, (io^'iov, which signifies a 
 little hollow or cavity, the socket of a 
 tooth, ein zahnhohle, G. ; and employed, 
 by Galen, to designate a small deep ulcer 
 of the cornea, ein vertieftes hornhautge- 
 schwiir,G., ulcusculum tunicae cornese. 
 
 BOTRYCEPHALE, s. m., Bolhriocepha- 
 lus, m. (J->t>6^'tav xttpaXri, head), L., der 
 Grubenkopf, G. : in Zoology, the 25th 
 genus of the 4th Order, Cestoidea, of In- 
 testinal Worms, according to Rudolphi; 
 and distinguished by the following cha- 
 racters: Corpus elongatum, depressum, 
 articulatum. Caput sub tetragon um, bo- 
 thriis duobus vel quatuor oppositis in- 
 structum. The genus contains nume- 
 rous species, but only one, B. latus, the 
 Tcenia lata, of Linnsean Zoology, the T. 
 inerme umana, of the Italian Brera, and 
 der breite bandwurm, of the Germans, 
 which inhabits the human intestines. 
 See Rudolphi, Entozoorum Synopsis, p. 
 136 469; and Bremser, Traitt Zoolog. 
 et Physiolog. sur les Vers Inlestin., p. 163. 
 
 BOTTINE, s. f., ocrea levior, L., 
 halbstiefel, m. G. : in Surgery, a strong 
 half-boot, furnished with springs, straps, 
 and buckles ; and employed as a remedy 
 for deformities of the feet and legs in 
 children, 
 
 Bouc, s. in. : in Zoology, the adult 
 male goat, rgayaj, hircus, m. L., bock, 
 in. G. See CHEVRE. 
 
 BOUCAGE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Pimpinella ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbelli- 
 ferce), L., 4ie Pimpernelle, Bibernelle, 
 G., Burnet-Saxifrage, containing seve- 
 ral species. See ANIS. The P. magna et 
 saxifraga, Boucage majeur et mineur, F., 
 
 87 
 
 BOU 
 
 are, also, sometimes employed in medi- 
 cine, as excitants : the essential oil of the 
 former imparts its blue colour to brandy. 
 The Germans have a simple and com- 
 pound Tincture, Pimpernell- und zu- 
 sammengesetzte Pimpernelltinctur, of 
 the P. alba, weisse Bibernelle. 
 
 BOUCHE, s. , ffrofAK, os, n. L., 
 mund, m. G., mouth : in Anatomy and 
 Zoology, the superior or anterior orifice 
 of the intestinal canal : also, the cavity 
 comprized between this, the anterior or 
 facial, and the posterior or pharyngeal 
 orifice, named by some authors, arriere- 
 bouche, F. ; by others, isthme de gosier, 
 isthmus faucium, L. The supposed open 
 extremities of the absorbent vessels are, 
 moreover, termed bouches des vaisseaux 
 absorbants, F., vasorum lymphaticorum 
 ora, L. In Conchology, the aperture of 
 an univalve shell : in Botany, the open- 
 ing, ostium, n. L., mundung, f. G., 
 of a tubular corolla. 
 
 BOUCLIER, s. m., pelta, f. L., schild, 
 m. G., shield : in Botany, a name given, 
 by Sprengel, to the thin, broad, flat, cori- 
 aceous, and most commonly emarginate 
 fructification which is developed on the 
 border of the thallus in certain lichens ; 
 as, for instance, L. islandicus. See Spren- 
 gel, Introduction to the Study of Cryptoga- 
 mous Plants, London, 1807. 
 
 BOUFFE, s. f. : in Anatomy, the term 
 given, by Dulaurens, to the little emi- 
 nence formed by the union of the two lips. 
 
 BOUFFISSURE, s. f., inflatio, tumefac- 
 tio mollis, f. L., geschwulst, aufgebla- 
 senheit, f. G., puffiness: in Pathology, 
 a soft swelling, general or partial, without 
 redness, and caused by infiltration of air 
 or serum into the subcutaneous cellular 
 membrane. 
 
 BOUGIE, s. f. (literally, a little wax 
 candle or taper, candelula cerea, L., 
 ein wachsstock, G.) : a term applied, in 
 Surgery, to a flexible cylinder of wax, 
 virga cerea, L., wachserne sonde, G., 
 plaster, catgut, or elastic gum, which is 
 used for the removal of stricture of the 
 urethra, rectum, or resophagus. The 
 Bougie differs from the catheter in being 
 solid ; and varies, in length and volume, 
 according to its peculiar destination, and 
 the condition of the canal into which it is 
 to be introduced. It may be simple or 
 
 medicated, simple ou medicamenteuse, 
 
 F. The latter, when furnished, at the 
 extremity, with nitrate of silver or pure 
 potass, is, moreover, designated an armed 
 or caustic armee ou caustique, bougie ; 
 an instrument fortunately well-nigh 
 banished from surgical practice, in this 
 country. 
 
 BOUILUE, s. , pulticula, f., pulmen- 
 tum, n. L., brei, m. G., gruel : an all-
 
 BOU 
 
 ment administered principally to children 
 and invalids ; and prepared by the decoc- 
 tion of some vegetable farina, or seed, 
 for the most part, oatmeal or groats, in 
 water, with or without an admixture of 
 milk. In the former case, it constitutes 
 the milch-brei, mt/&-gruel, in the latter, 
 the griltz-brei, groat- or oatmeal-gruel, of 
 the Germans and English. 
 
 BOUILLON, s. m., jus, jusculum, n. L,., 
 bruhe, f. G., broth : in Dietetics, a de- 
 coction of animal or vegetable substances 
 in water. Animal broth, containing gela- 
 tine, is very nutritious, especially when 
 prepared with the flesh of adults : as it 
 then also holds in solution a proportion of 
 osmazome which is wanting in the product 
 of the flesh of young animals, or of bones. 
 The latter, bouillon <Tos, made from the 
 gelatine of bone, after extraction of the 
 phosphate of lime by hydrochloric acid, is 
 a very economical preparation, and exten- 
 sively employed in the public establish- 
 ments of France. Bouillon sec, tablet te de 
 bouillon : a mixture of gelatine and osma- 
 zome extracted from divers kinds of meat, 
 and dried in the form of small cakes or 
 tablets. aux herbes : an aqueous de- 
 coction of sorrel and beet. In common 
 language, the name of a round and fleshy 
 excrescence which sometimes rises in the 
 centre of a syphilitic sore. 
 
 BOUILLON-BLANC, s. m. : in Botany, 
 
 the familiar name of Verbascum thapsus 
 
 See MOLBNE. 
 
 BOUILLONNEMENT, s. m. Syn. with 
 EBULLITION. 
 
 BOULEAU, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Betula ( Monoecia, tetrandr. ; Amentacece), 
 L., die Birke, G., Birch, containing 
 many species. The leaves of the Bouleau 
 commun, B. alba, die weisse oder ge- 
 meine Birke, common Birch, are ac- 
 counted diuretic and vermifuge : the bark 
 resembles, in its properties, that of the 
 alder. Other species are useful in dyeing; 
 or yield vegetable wax. The sap of all, 
 exceedingly abundant in spring, supplies 
 an acidulous grateful beverage, eulogized, 
 by continental writers, as anti-scorbutic and 
 anti-nephritic ; and acquires, by fermenta- 
 tion, a vinous flavour. 
 
 BoULIMIE, S. , 2et/}.ijU.ia., fiov).ifio; (fctv, 
 
 abbreviation of $eut as an augmentative 
 particle in composition, *.ipis, hunger), 
 bulimia, f., bulimus, m. L., heftiger, 
 widernaturalischer 'hunger, heisshunger, 
 m. G., insatiable hunger : in Pathology, 
 a frequent symptom of clironic gastritis ; 
 sometimes resulting from the presence of 
 worms or other intestinal, or uterine, ir- 
 ritation. 
 
 BOUQUET, s. m. In Anatomy, the tenn, 
 Bouquet analomirjue de Riolan, is given to 
 the bundle of muscles and ligaments at- 
 
 88 
 
 BOU 
 
 tached to the styloid process Apophyse 
 stylo'ide, F., grisselfbrtsatz des schliifen- 
 beines, G of the temporal bone : in 
 Botany, to the assemblage of flowers, ser- 
 tulum, n. L., of which all the unifloral 
 peduncles issue from the same point ; as 
 in Primula officinalis. 
 
 BOUQUETIN, s. m.: in Zool"gy, a species 
 of the genus Capra. See CHEVRE. 
 
 BouRBir.LON, s. m. (/Sa^e^o?, mud, 
 slime, filth), ventriculus furunculi, L., 
 slough, core : the whitish elastic sub- 
 stance formed by gangrenous cellular tis- 
 sue in the centre 01 a boil, furoncle, F. 
 
 BOURDON, s. m. : a genus of Insects, 
 Bombus ( Hymenoptera, Apiaries, Cuv. ; 
 Apidte, St.), L., die Hummel, G., 
 Humble-Bee, comprehending numerous 
 species. The societies formed by the 
 Bombi, are much smaller than those of the 
 Apis genus with which it was confounded 
 by Linnaeus ; but consist, like them, of 
 males, females, and neuters, the two 
 latter armed with a sting. The injury 
 inflicted, upon man, by this instrument is 
 severe in proportion to the size ot the 
 animal, and the quantity of poison conse- 
 quently instilled into the wound. The 
 nest is constructed in a subterraneous ca- 
 vity ; and the wax is less abundant, pure, 
 and ductile, than the produce of the ho- 
 ney-bee ; although secreted, as by that in- 
 sect, in the intervals of the rings of the 
 abdomen. The most common European 
 species are the Bourdon des jardins, -des 
 mousses, des pierres, et terrestre, of 
 the French, the B. hortorum, muscorum, 
 lapidarius, et terrestris, of systematic 
 entomologists. The term faux-bourdon, is 
 applied, by the French, to the male, or 
 drone, of the honey-bee. 
 
 BOUBDONNEMENT, 8, HI., -^'dv^s, 
 
 murmur, susurrus, m. L., murren, mur- 
 meln, n. G. : the low dull noise frequent- 
 ly heard by persons under the influence 
 of disease. It may result from increased 
 impetus of blood in the cerebral arteries ; 
 the presence of foreign bodies, or indurat- 
 ed cerumen, in the ear; imperfect ob- 
 struction of the Eustachian tube; or a 
 morbid affection, or injury, of the audito- 
 ry nerve. It is distinguished, by Itard, 
 into the true and spurious, bourd. vrai 
 et faux, F. 
 
 BOURDONNET, s. m., pulvillus, m. L., 
 wieke, f. G., tent : in Surgery, a plug 
 or roll of lint introduced between the lips 
 of a wound, or into the interior of a sup- 
 purating cavity, to prevent immediate re- 
 union of the divided parts, or absorb the 
 pus as it is secreted. 
 
 BOURGKNE, s. m. : m Botany, a species 
 of Rhamnus. See NERPRU N. 
 
 BOURGEON, s. m. : in Botany, a bud, 
 gemma, f. L., knospe, f. <i Suds,
 
 BOU 
 
 gctnm<z arborum, knospen der biiume,. 
 are productions peculiar to trees destined 
 to endure the rigours of winter. Several 
 kinds of them are distinguished by Bota- 
 nists. See Catechismus der Botanik, p. 
 
 123. BotTRGEONNEMENT, S. HI.. gem- 
 
 matio, gemmarum eruptio, f. L., das 
 hervorschiessen der knospen : the period 
 at which young buds, yeux, boutons, F., 
 oculi, L., augen, G., are developed. 
 
 Bourgeons celluteux et vasctdaires, pi. : 
 in surgical Pathology, the granulations 
 developed on the surface of suppurating 
 wounds and sores. The term, charnus, 
 fleshy, formerly applied to them, is in- 
 correct : as no flesh, properly so named, 
 enters into their composition. In vulgar 
 language, certain reddish elevations, 
 boutons rouges, F., papulae, L.., rothe 
 gesichtsflecken, G., which occur on the 
 human visage, are also so called. Hence 
 the popular expressions: visage, ou nez 
 bourgeonne. 
 
 BOUKRACHE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Borago (Pentandria, monogyn. ; Bora- 
 gineaB), L., der Borragen, Borretsch, G., 
 Borage. containing a few species ; a- 
 mong which the common Borage, B. 
 officinalis, Bourrache commun, F., was 
 formerly much esteemed as a cordial and 
 diuretic. See BORRAGIXEES. 
 
 BOURRELET, s. m. : in Anatomy, the 
 fibre-cartilaginous rim, rebord fibre-car- 
 tilagineux, F., which surrounds, and 
 deepens, certain articular cavities ; as the 
 glenoid of the scapula, and cotyloid of the 
 os innominatum route : a term applied, 
 by some anatomists, to the cornu Ammonis 
 of the cerebral ventricle. 
 
 BOURSE, s. f., ftu^a-a, bursa, f. L., 
 beutel, m. G., literally, a little sac, 
 purse, or pouch : a term applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, 1. to the minute sebaceous follicles, 
 bourses sebacees, E., which exist in 
 the substance of the mucous membranes 
 and the skin, see CRYPTE, FOLI.ICUI.E ; 
 2. to the synovia! capsules of the joints, 
 b. synoviales, see SYNOVIAL ; and 3. 
 more especially to the mucous sacs, b. 
 muqueuses, bursce mucosae, L., which 
 are connected with, and facilitate the mo- 
 tions of, various tendons : 4. in popular 
 language, to the bag (purse) containing 
 the testes, scrotum, n. L., hodensack, 
 m. G. 
 
 In Botany, the term is applied to the 
 membrane or wrapper, volva, f. L., 
 which encloses some species of fungi, as 
 those of the genus, Amanita, previously 
 to their development ; and afterwards ex- 
 ists in fragments around their base. 
 
 BOURSOUFIURE, s. f. Syn BOURSOU- 
 FLE, adj., affected with BOUFFISSURE. 
 
 BOUSSEBOJ.E, BUSSEROLE, s. f. : in Bo- 
 
 89 
 
 BRA 
 
 tany, a species of Arbutus. See AttBot'- 
 SIER. 
 
 BofTEiLLE, s. f., ampulla, f., uter,iii. 
 L., fiasche, f. G., bottle or phial. S. 
 de Leyde, the I^eyden phial, or jar, em 
 ployed in electrical experiments. 
 
 BOUTON, s. m., literally a button, 
 fibula, f. I.., knopf, m. G. : in Patholo- 
 gy, a term incorrectly and indiscriminate- 
 ly applied to papulae, pustules, tubercles, 
 and other forms of cutaneous phlegmasia, 
 acute or chronic. See Kayer, Traite des 
 Maladies de la Peau, v. ii., p. 467- Later 
 French writers use it as synonymous with 
 the Latin papila, hitzblase auf der 
 haut, G. : in Surgery, a staff employed in 
 lithotomy, and furnished at the extremi- 
 ty with a knob, bouton olivaire, F., and 
 with a ridge, -crete, in its whole length, 
 for conducting the forceps into the blad- 
 der. Bouton de feu ; the actual cautery, 
 . brenneisen der wundarzte, G., with" a 
 button-like knob at the cauterizing extre- 
 mity. In Botany, a term nearly syn. 
 with bud or gemma. See BOURGEON. 
 
 BOUTONNIERE, s. f., literally a but- 
 ton-hole, knopfloch, n. G. : in Surgery, 
 the small incision, fissura, f. L., .prac- 
 tised in the urethra, for the extraction of 
 a calculus lodged tbere : also, the small 
 orifice made in puncturing the bladder 
 above the pubis. 
 
 BOYAU, s. m. : in Anatomy, gut, a po- 
 pular synonym of bowel, or intestine, 
 intestinum, n. L., darm, m. G. : Ex. 
 
 I,es gros boyaux, F., the great gvts 
 
 Corde de boyau, x$ri, chorda, fl L., 
 rfarnzsaite, f. G., cat-yut : the string of a 
 bow, or musical instrument made of gut, 
 fidis quae ex animalium tenuoribus in- 
 teslinis fieri soleat, L. 
 
 BRACHIAL, adj., brachialis (brachium, 
 the arm), L. : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, to any part or organ belonging to the 
 arm, zum arme gehorig, G. : Exs. Ar- 
 tere brachiale, F., arteria brachialis, L., 
 #rnschlagader, G., the brachial or hu- 
 meral, a continuation of the axillary ar- 
 tery ; commencing at the inferior margin 
 of the pectoralis major, and ordinarily di- 
 viding, at the elbow, into the radial and 
 ulnar branches ; Plexus brachial, nerve- 
 rum plexus brachialis, formed by the an- 
 terior branches of tbe last four cervical, 
 and first dorsal pairs of nerves, and sup- 
 plying with its ramifications, the whole 
 thoracic extremity. See BRAS. 
 
 There are, moreover, two muscles, 
 muscles brachiaux, F. ; one of which is 
 constantly, the other, occasionally, distin- 
 guished by this term. The first of these, 
 Brachial anterieur ou interne (hume'ro- 
 cubital, Ch.), F., brachialis internus, F., 
 innerer armmuskel, G., extends from 
 the arm-bone, on each side of the attach-
 
 BRA 
 
 ment of the deltoid, and as far as the con- 
 dyles, to the coronoid process of the ulna. 
 The second, brachial posterieur, brachi- 
 alis externus, is the Triceps brachial, 
 see TRICEPS of modern Anatomists. 
 
 BRACHIE, adj., brachiatus, L,., arm- 
 fb'rmig, G., brachiated : a term applied, 
 in Botany, to the opposite and widely- 
 spread branches of a tree, rami brachiati, 
 Li. ; as those of the Coffea Arabica. 
 
 BRACHIO-CEPHALIQUE, adj., brachio- 
 cephalicus, L. : a name given, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the Arteria innominata, L,., ar- 
 tere innomine'e, F., die ungennante 
 schlagader, ? G., because it furnishes 
 branches, the right subclavian and caro- 
 tid, to the arm and head. 
 
 BRACHIO-CUBITAL, adj., brachio-cubi- 
 talis, L. : a term applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the internal lateral ligaments connecting 
 the os brachii to the cubitus or ulna : as is 
 Brachio-radial, brachio-radialis, L., to 
 the external lateral ligament, which binds 
 the former to the annular ligament of the 
 radius. Soemmering also distinguishes 
 the Supinator longus muscle of the arm, 
 by the term, Brachio-radialis. 
 
 BRACHIONCOSE, s. f. (/Jjo^/av, the arm, 
 oyxaj, a swelling), brachioncus, tumor 
 brachii, m. L.., armgeschwullst, f. G., 
 a tumour of the arm. 
 
 BRACHYN, s. m. : a genus of Insects, 
 Srachinus (Coleoptera, Carabida, Cuv. : 
 Brachinida, St.), L., comprehending ma- 
 ny species formerly included among the 
 Carabi, of Linnaeus. Several of these ex- 
 hibit an extraordinary apparatus of assail- 
 ment and defence. The abdomen is fur- 
 nished, interiorly, with two transparent 
 vesicles, muscular and contractile, con- 
 taining an acid liquid which vapourizes on 
 admixture with the atmosphere. The ex- 
 cretory ducts, issuing from these vesicles, 
 unite into one, which terminates in a clo- 
 aca. The animal, in the moment of need 
 or danger, ejects from the anus, a minute 
 drop of this fluid, which is immediately 
 transformed, with a loud report, into a 
 bluish, whitish, or yellowish vapour, of a- 
 cetic odour, and sufficiently powerful to 
 stun or destroy the insect enemy, or prey, 
 of the Brachinus, and to irritate painfully 
 the eye of the observer. The fluid, itself, 
 is so caustic as to stain like nitric acid, 
 and induce pustular inflammation of the 
 human organs with which it comes in con- 
 tact. The principal fulminating Brachini 
 are the Brachyn pdtard, pistolet, fu- 
 
 mant, fulminant, and bimacule', of 
 
 French the B. crepitans (der bombardir- 
 kafer, G., bombardier, E.), sclopeta, 
 
 fumans, -fulminans, et bimaculatus of 
 
 systematic Entomologists. The first two 
 are European ; the following two, Ameri- 
 
 90 
 
 BRA 
 
 can ; and the last, an East-Indian species. 
 See Cloquet, Faune des Mid., v. iii, p. 93. 
 
 BHACHYPNEE, s. t. (Pg<*zls, short, *>>, 
 breath), brachypncea, respiratio brevis, 
 f. L., kurzathmen, n., kurzathmigkeit, f. 
 G., short respiration. Bja^-rvoof, adj., 
 brachypnus, kurzathmig, short-breath- 
 ed. 
 
 BRACHYPTERES, pi. ((3^0,^1, and 
 vngov, whig) kurzflviglig, G. : a term ap- 
 plied, in Zoology, to short-winged birds, 
 
 Aves brachypterce, L., die vogel mil kur- 
 zenflugeln, G., with webbed feet. The 
 Section, bearing this title, will, conse- 
 quently, include the genera Colymbus, 
 Uria, Mormon, and Alca, of Temminck. 
 See Manuel d'Ornithologie, p. 908. 
 
 BRACTEE, s. f., bractea, f. L., deck- 
 blatt, n. G. : in Botany, a leaflet placed 
 below the point of insertion of flowers, 
 which it covers previously to their deve- 
 lopment. It usually differs from other 
 leaves, in form, colour, and structure: 
 when resembling them, it is termed a flo- 
 ral leaf, Feuille florale, F. BRACTEI- 
 FERE, adj., bracteifer, L. : an epithet ap- 
 plied to plants which produce one or more 
 bractece; and syn. with BRACTETE, deck- 
 blattrig, G. BHACTEIFORME, adj., brac- 
 teiformis, L., deckblattformig ? G. : ex- 
 hibiting the figure of a bractea. BRACTE- 
 OLE, s. f. bracteola, f. L.,_ deckblattchen, 
 n. G., a small bractea. 
 
 BRACTEEN, adj. : an epithet applied to 
 the strobili of certain Amentaceous and Co- 
 niferous plants ; as Alnus and Thya : be- 
 cause they are formed by bractete. 
 
 BRADYPEPSIE, s. f'., /SjaSusrs^/a, bra- 
 dypepsia, tarda in ventriculo ciborum 
 concoctio, f. L., langsame verdauung, f. 
 G., tardy digestion. 
 
 BRADYSPERMATISME, s. m. (ft^ls, 
 slow, <rvit*,u.riirp.i>f, seminis emissio), bra- 
 dyspermatismus, m., emissio seminis tarda 
 in concubitu, L., der langsame abgang des 
 samens bei'm beischlaf, G. 
 
 BRANCHE, s. f., rameau, m., ramus, m. 
 L., ast, m. G., branch : in Anatomy, 
 the divisions of the larger blood-vessels 
 and nerves are thus designated : Exs. Ra- 
 meau hdpatique de Partere coronaire sto- 
 machique, F., ramus hepaticus (leberas/, 
 G.) arterise coronariae ventriculi, L. ; ra- 
 mus superior (oberer ast, G.) nervi oculo- 
 motorii, L. : also, parts or processes of 
 certain organs, especially bones : Ex. 
 Branche descendante du pubis, F., ra- 
 mus descendens ossis pubis, L. ; branche 
 (montante) de la machoire infe'rieure, F., 
 unterkieferos*, G. To the minuter di- 
 visions of the blood-vessels and nerves, 
 the term, ramuscule, F., ramulus, ra- 
 musculus, L., zweig, G., twig, is ordi- 
 narily applied : Ex. Ramuli nervi splanch-
 
 BliA 
 
 nici inferioris, L., die zweige ties untern 
 eingeweidennervens, G. 
 
 In Botany, the term, Branche, xXaSwv, 
 brachium, n., ramus, L., branch or 
 bough, is employed to designate the divi- 
 sions of the trunks of trees, or the limbs 
 which project from them. For the diffe- 
 rent kinds of branch, and the epithets by 
 which they are distinguished, see Catechis- 
 mus der Botanik, Erster Biindchen, p. 132. 
 The smaller ramifications of the branch 
 are denominated xXaSiV^o;, ramulus, 
 astchen or zweig. 
 
 BRANCHE URSINE, s. f. : in Botany, the 
 popular name of the Acanthus genus, and, 
 more especially, of one of its species, A. 
 mollis. See ACANTHE. fausse: the 
 vulgar designation of the berce piquante, 
 A. spinosus sauvage : of the cnicaut 
 des pres, Cnicus oleraceus; and of the 
 chardon tubereux, Carduus tuberosus. 
 
 BRANCHIAL, adj., branchialis, L., re- 
 lating to the Branchiae or gills : Exs. Arcs 
 branchiaux: the o?seous pieces sustaining 
 the series of lamellae, whereon the pulmo- 
 nary vessels are distributed in animals 
 which respire by gills, see BRANCHIES. 
 There are generally four complete pairs in 
 fishes ; but the rudiments 01 a fifth have 
 lately been discovered in several : Dents 
 branchlales : bony or cartilaginous pieces 
 which are inserted into the concavity of 
 the branchial or gill-arches, kiemenbo- 
 gen, G. See Geoff'roy-St.-Hilaire, Philo- 
 sophic Anatom. p. 213, and 398; pi. vii. 
 
 BRANCHIES, s. f. pi. fyayxia., the gills of 
 fishes), branchiae, f. L., kiemen, f. G., 
 . gills : in Comparative Anatomy, the 
 respiratory organs of animals which respire 
 air through the medium of water. The 
 gills consist of lamellae, plumes, or fila- 
 ments, with blood-vessels ramifying on 
 their surface ; through which the water, 
 destined to operate on the blood contained 
 in those vessels, must necessarily pass. 
 
 The respiratory organs of Fishes, 
 Branchies des poissons, branchice piscium, 
 L., die fischkiemen, G., are situated on 
 the sides of the head, for the most part in 
 fissures, ouvertures branchiales ou oper- 
 
 culaires, vulgarly termed ouies, F., 
 
 kiemenoffhungen, fischohren, G. They 
 consist of numerous lamellae arranged 
 like the teeth of a comb. Each series is 
 attached to a bony arch, see BRANCHIAL, 
 composed of at least two pieces, and ar- 
 ticulated with the basis cranii and hyoid 
 bone. Ordinarily, this apparatus is pro- 
 tected, as in the Osseous Fishes, by a gill- 
 cover, see OPERCULE, beneath which the 
 water escapes after its passage through 
 the gills. Sometimes, it is simply covered 
 by a membrane perforated with holes ; as 
 in the Lamprey : and on this peculiarity 
 of structure is founded the division of 
 
 91 
 
 BRA 
 
 Cartilaginous Fishes into two Orders.! 
 See BRANCHIOSTEGES, and CHONDRO- 
 PTERYGIENS; and alsoGoiian, Histoire des 
 Poissons, Strasbourg, 1770. 
 
 Certain Batrachian Reptiles, as those 
 belonging to the genera, Proteus and Si- 
 rena, Protee et Sirene, F., are perma- 
 nently provided with both branchice and 
 lungs". The young of others, as the larvae 
 of the Salamander, and the tadpoles, 1- 
 tards, of the Frog, possess the former 
 only for a time, and subsequently lose 
 them, as, on their approach to the adult 
 state, the dormant lungs are developed, 
 and come into action. In all these ani- 
 mals, constituting the Amphibiens, of 
 Blainville, the branchiae consist of tufts or 
 fringes, panaches, F., appendices fim- 
 briatae, L., attached to the sides of the 
 neck. See Swammerdam, Book of Na- 
 ture, pt. ii, p. 112, pi. xlviii ix; Hum- 
 boldt et Bonpland, Observations de Zoolo- 
 ffie, v. i, p. 93 126, pi. xi xiv ; Schrei- 
 bers, Philosoph. Transact., 1801 ; Config- 
 liachi e Rusconi, Monografia del Proteo 
 anguino, Pavia, 1819; Dhere, Essai de la 
 Nutrition, p. 102; and Cuvier, Regne 
 Animal, v. ii, p. 101. 
 
 The breathing-organs of the Invertebra- 
 ta, Branchies des Animaux Invertebres, F., 
 -are much more variable in site and 
 structure, than those of fishes. In the 
 Sepia genus, among the Mollusca, weich- 
 thiere, G., see SECHE, they are situated 
 far asunder on each side of the abdomen, 
 and composed of very complicated lamel- 
 lae. In the Doris, they form a radiated 
 apparatus around the anus ; in the Scyl- 
 leea. disposed, by pairs, upon the back : 
 while they constitute in Ostrea, see Hu- 
 ITRE, four folds placed one upon the o- 
 ther. In the Crustacea, Crustacees, F., 
 Krustenthiere, G., the branchiae are 
 pyramids situated upon the base of the 
 legs ; and composed of lamellae in the 
 Cancer see CRABE ; and of tubes in As- 
 tacus, see ECREVISSE : while, in the Ma- 
 rine Vermes, seewiirmer, G., these or- 
 gans consist of minute tufts ranged along 
 the back. See Cuvier, Lemons <T Anatom. 
 Comp. v. iv., p. 371 ; Blumenbach, Hand- 
 buch der Vergleich. Anat., p. 266; Carus, 
 Lehrbuch der Zootomie, p. 481, 493; and 
 Dumeril, E'lemens des Sciences Naturelles, 
 v. ii, p. 6. 
 
 BRANCHIOSTEGES, pi. : a term, in Ich- 
 thyology, whereby one of the Orders of 
 Cartilaginous Fishes (Pisces branchiostegi, 
 L.) is distinguished. The species compos- 
 ing it, as those belonging to the genera, 
 Accipenser, Cyclopterus, and Syngnathus, 
 are characterized by the possession of a 
 gill-cover, see BRANCHIES, and CHON- 
 DROPTERYIENS, and the absence of ribs 
 and ossicula musculorum.
 
 BBE 
 
 BRAS, s. m., /W^/a/v, brachium, n, 
 1 .., arm, G. and E. : in Anatomy and 
 Zoology, the whole thoracic extremity of 
 Vertebrated Animals; comprehending, in 
 Man, the first joint, or humeral portion, 
 to which the term should, correctly, be 
 restricted, the fore-arm, wrist, and hand. 
 See Av ANT-BRAS, CARPE, MAIN. The 
 proper arm of man, extending from the 
 shoulder to the elbow> consists of one bone, 
 acted upon by ten muscles which pass to it 
 from the scapula and the trunk ; and ope- 
 rating on the fore-arm and hand, by thir- 
 teen others, which extend from it to these 
 portions of the limb ; one main artery, > 
 see BRACHIAL, with the two accompany, 
 ing veins, venae comites, L., and the 
 basilic and cephalic ; five principal ner- 
 vous trunks, the radial or median, the 
 spiral, ulnar, and external and internal 
 cutaneous ; the absorbent vessels, and 
 (/lands ; and cellular membrane, fascia, and 
 integuments connecting and enveloping 
 the whole. The term, bras, is also ap- 
 plied to the 3rd joint of the claw of the 
 CRUSTACEA ; to the first pair of limbs in 
 the real (hexapodal) Insects ; and to the 
 appendages of the superior part of the 
 body of the Cephalopoda, among the Mol- 
 lusca ; and of certain Polypi, Polypes a 
 tentacules, F., among the Zoophytes. 
 
 Bras de la moelle alongee is a term more- 
 over applied, in Anatomy, to two large 
 medullary pillars lying almost horizontal- 
 ly on the basis cerebri, and extending 
 from the optic thalami to the anterior 
 part of the tuber annulare. Syn. with 
 PEDONCULE du Cerveau. 
 
 BRAYER, a. m., bracheriolum, brache- 
 rium, n. L.., bruchband, m. G., truss: 
 an herniary bandage, with single or dou- 
 ble pad. The name is supposed to be de- 
 rived from broccee, L., calecons, F., 
 breeches or drawers; because the instru- 
 ment, in question, is worn under this por- 
 tion of the dress. 
 
 BREBIS, s. f : in Zoology, the female of 
 Ovis aries. See MOUTON. 
 
 BRECHET, s. m. : in Anatomy, the po- 
 pular designation of the ensiform cartilage, 
 see XIPHOIDE ; of the sternum or 
 breast-bone, and, in this signification, syn. 
 with brustbein, G., brisket, E. ; and of 
 the hollow which exists below, scrobi- 
 cule du cceur, F., scrobiculus cordis, Ij., 
 herzgrube, G., in man and several of the 
 lower animals. 
 
 BREDISSURE, s.f., trismus capistratus, 
 m. L. : in Pathology, inability to open the 
 mouth in consequence of an adhesion of 
 the membrane of the gums to that of the 
 internal surface of the cheeks ; and ordi- 
 narily the result of inflammation. 
 
 BREDOUILLEMENT, s. m., titubantia, 
 L. : in Pathology, a hurried, indistinct, 
 
 92 
 
 BUG 
 
 and imperfect articulation of words; which 
 exhibits some analogy with stammering. 
 
 BREGMA, s. m., /Jjs^a, f>^W> s (&P~ 
 X,u, I moisten), bregma, n. L., der vor- 
 dere mittlere theil des kopfes, G.: the 
 summit of the head ; so called quia ilia 
 ossa, ossa bregmatis, parietalia, L., les 
 os parie'taux, F., die scheitelbeine, sei- 
 tenwandbeine, G., infantibus, et saepe 
 adultis, humida et tenera sunt. 
 
 BREME, s. f. : a genus, in Ichthyology, 
 Abramis, separated, by modern naturalists, 
 from the Cyprinus, of the Order, Abdomi- 
 nales, of Linnaeus, Malacopteryg. abdo- 
 min. Cuv. ; and containing few species. 
 The principal of these, A. brama, la 
 Brime commune, F., the ?/($, of A- 
 thenseus, der brassen, G., the bream, 
 is a common European fresh-water fish; 
 and constitutes an agreeable article of 
 diet. The organs of mastication are situ- 
 ated in the pharynx. 
 
 BRIDE, s. f., frenulum, retinaculum, 
 
 n. L zaum, m. G., bridle or band : in 
 
 Morbid Anatomy and Surgical Patholo- 
 gy, a membranous and vascular filament, 
 extending between the opposite parietes 
 of an abscess, or traversing the course of 
 a gun-shot wound ; the elongated adhe- 
 sion between contiguous membranes in a 
 state of inflammation or ulceration ; the 
 septum which occurs in the urethra from 
 chronic inflammation, and opposes an ob- 
 stacle to the free egress of urine ; the a- 
 poneurotic band or slip which exercises 
 a compressing and strangulating effect 
 either on inflamed membranes or hernise. 
 
 BRIQUET, s. m., feuerstahl, m. G. : a 
 term applied to every description of in- 
 strument, or apparatus, which is destined 
 for the prompt procuring of light. The 
 principal kinds of light-striking apparatus 
 are the Briquet electrique, oxigene, phos- 
 phorique, and pneumatique ou a air. The 
 epithet, distinguishing each, clearly indi- 
 cates the nature of the means, chemical or 
 physical, by which the effect is produced. 
 
 BROCKET, s., a species, in Ichthyolo- 
 gy, of the genus Esox, see ESOCE, the 
 pike, E. lucius, Xi/*af, der hecht, G. : 
 a common European river-fish ; of vora- 
 cious habits, and frequently attaining a 
 very large size. Thejlesh affords a deli- 
 cate aliment. The ova of the female, like 
 those of the barbel, see BARBEAU, 
 sometimes exert a noxious influence, 
 when eaten by man. 
 
 BROMATOLOGIE, s. f., bromatologia, f. 
 (Qpufta, food, xyaf, discourse), L., die 
 nanrungsmittelkunde, G., a treatise on 
 aliments. 
 
 BROME, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Bro- 
 mus, ( Triandria, digyn. ; Gramineee), L., 
 die Trespe, G., Brome-Grass; contain- 
 ing many species, of great utility in rural
 
 BRO 
 
 and domestic economy. The seeds of one 
 species, Bromus purgans, le brome purga- 
 tif, F., are cathartic. 
 
 BR6ME, s. m., bromus, m. (fyupoi, a 
 stench), L. : a simple body, very volatile, 
 and of highly offensive and suffocating 
 odour, discovered, by Balard, in 1826. It 
 should occupy a situation in the systems, 
 between chlorine and iodine. With oxy- 
 gen and hydrogen, it forms two acids: the 
 one 1'acide bromique, F., acidum bromi- 
 cum, L., Sromsiiure, G. ; the other, hy- 
 
 drobromique, a. hydrobromicum. BRO- 
 
 MATE, s. in., bromas, m. L.: a genus of 
 salts, bromsaure salze, G., formed by 
 combination of bromic acid with salifiable 
 bases. BRO MK, adj., bromatus, L. : con- 
 taining brome; as some mineral waters, 
 especially those of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 
 Tjeicestershire. See Ure, Chemical Dic- 
 tionary, Art. BROME. 
 
 BnoMOGRAPHiE, s. , bromographia, 
 bromatographia, f. (figwfias, food, y^atyta, I 
 describe), die beschreibung der nahrungs- 
 mittel, G., a description of aliments ; a 
 treatise on the nature of alimentary sub- 
 stances. 
 
 BROXCHE, s. m., jS^y^aj, bronchus, 
 m. Ij. : in Anatomy, the ancient designa- 
 tion of the windpipe, die luftrohre, G. 
 This term, in the plural, les bron-cJics, F., 
 $y>yW-> bronchi, bronchia^, L., die 
 bronchien, luftrohreniiste, G., is, by mo- 
 dern writers, applied to the two branches 
 which result from the division of the 
 trachea, behind the aorta, opposite to the 
 2nd or 3rd dorsal vertebra, and convey 
 air into the lungs. BRONCHIAL, BRONCH- 
 IOLE, adj., bronchialis, bronchicus, L., 
 zur den iisten der luftrohre gehcirig, G., 
 belonging, or relating, to the bronchia : 
 Kxs. I^es arteres , les veines bronchlqnes, 
 F., arterise , venae bronchiales, L., die 
 
 /M/froArschlagadern, luflrohren\A\\\.&- 
 
 dern, G. : Muscle b>-onchique. See STER- 
 
 NO-HYO1DIEN. 
 
 BRONCHEAL, adj. In Comparative A- 
 natomy, the cartilaginous or bony pieces, 
 attached to the convexity of the gill-arch- 
 es of fishes, are designated by the epithet, 
 bronchtaux. See Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, 
 Philosophic Anatorn., p. 400, pi. vii, fig. 76. 
 
 BRONCHITE, s. f., bronchitis, f. L., 
 die bronchitis, G., in Pathology, the 
 modern term for inflammation of the bron- 
 chia, die entziindung der luftrohren'dste. 
 
 BRONCHOCELE, s. f., /3jy;ox5X (/3^y- 
 X,m the windpipe, xfa*, a swelling, espe- 
 cially that of a rupture), bronchocele, f. 
 L. : a term ordinarily applied, in Patho- 
 logy, to an enlargement of the thyroid 
 gland, le goitre, F., der kropf, G. : al- 
 though, from its derivation, evidently in- 
 tended to signify a hernial protrusion of 
 the internal membrane of the larynx or 
 
 93 
 
 BIIU 
 
 windpipe,- oin luftrohrenbruch, GL a 
 morbid condition the existence of which 
 has never yet been demonstrated. For 
 the best account of the nature and causes 
 of Bronchocele, see Fodere*, Traite du Goi- 
 tre, &.C., Paris. Ann. viii. 
 
 BRONCHOFHONIE, s. , bronchophonia, 
 f. (fyov%iK, the bronchiae, <p&<^, the voice), 
 L., bronchophony : in Pathology, the 
 resonance of the voice in the bronchia, a 
 phenomenon particularly described, and 
 thus designated, by I.aennec. See Traite 
 de I' Auscultation Mediate, &c. vol. 3, Paris, 
 1831. 
 
 BRONCHOTOMIE, s. f., bronchotomia, 
 f. (fi^oyxos, Tiftvu, I cut), L., die bron- 
 chotomie, luftrohrenschnitt, m. G., 
 bronchotomy : an operation, in Surgery, 
 which consists in making an artificial o- 
 pening into the anterior part of the respi- 
 ratory tube. The term, however, is ob- 
 jectionable ; as being both superfluous, and 
 not sufficiently precise. The bronchia, 
 themselves, can evidently never become 
 the subject of such an opeFation : when 
 performed on the larynx, it is more cor- 
 rectly designated Laryngotomy ; when on 
 the windpipe, Tracheotomy. See L.ARYN- 
 GOTOMIE, and TRACHEOTOMIE. BRON- 
 CHOTOME, s. m., bronchotomus, m. L.., 
 bronchotom, ein. instrument zum luftrohr- 
 enschnitt, G. i an instrument employed 
 in the operation of Bronchotomy. 
 
 BROSSE, s. f , scopula, f. L., biirste, 
 f. G., brush : an instrument made of 
 bristles, and employed for divers purposes 
 in medicine and surgery ; as friction of 
 the surface of the body, and the cleaning 
 of instruments. A metallic brush, b. 
 metallique, F., destined for the applica- 
 tion of electricity or galvanism to the liv- 
 ing body, has been invented by the Swed- 
 ish Westring. 
 
 BROUILLARD, s. m., t'sQaf, tuQi).*!, ne- 
 bula, f. !>., nebel, m. G., a mist or fog: 
 in Physics r an acsumulation of aqueous 
 vapours which occupies the lower strata of 
 the atmosphere, and troubles its transpa- 
 rency. 
 
 BROWN IEN, adj., brunonian : an epithet 
 applied, in Science, to the medical theory, 
 BROWNISME, s. m., brunonism, of 
 the once celebrated Dr. Brown. BROWN- 
 ISTE, adj. : a partizan of the Brunonian 
 doctrines. 
 
 BRUCEE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Brucea, belonging to the natural Order, 
 Terebinthacete. The leaves of one of the 
 species, an Abyssinian shrub, B. ferrugi- 
 nea, brought home by the traveller Bruce, 
 are employed in the cure of dysentery, 
 by the natives. The second bark, known 
 by the name of spurious Angustura, 
 fausse Angusture, F., cortex Angusturse 
 spurius, Angustura pseudo-ferrugmea, vi-
 
 BRU 
 
 rosa, L., die unachte f'alsche, oder os- 
 tindische Angustui'arinde, G., contains 
 a poisonous organic alkali, la BKUCINE, s. 
 , brucina, L., which exists in combi- 
 nation with gallic acid ; and, operating 
 specially upon the spinal marrow, induces 
 tetanus. 
 
 BRUCHE, s. m. : a genus of Coleopterous 
 Insects, Bruchus (fauxa, I devour), L., 
 belonging to the family Rhynchophores, 
 Cuv. The genus contains several species; 
 among which, the four following are, from 
 the depredations which they commit upon 
 divers articles of human sustenance, wor- 
 thy of particular enumeration : B. pisi, 
 bruche du pois, F., der erbsenkafer, 
 saamenkafer, F., the seed-beetle, which, 
 in the larva state, destroys the seeds of 
 the pea, the vetch, and other leguminous 
 plants ; B. cacao, br. du cacao, inhabit- 
 ing the almond of the cacao-nut ; B. nu- 
 cleorum, br. des noyaux, the interior of 
 divers Brazilian nuts, and, particularly, 
 those of the Bactris major, of Jacquin ; 
 and, lastly, B. granarins, br. des graines, 
 feeding, as its specific designation indi- 
 cates, on various kinds of grain. The 
 first and last are common European In- 
 sects. See Cloquet, Faune des Medecins, 
 v. iii., p. 123. 
 
 BRUIXE, s. f., pruina, f. L., reif, 
 staubregen, m. G., rime : an exceedingly 
 fine drizzling rain, which results from the 
 condensation of fogs, and falls very slowly. 
 
 BRUISSEMENT, s. m., fremitus, m. L, , 
 a dull confused noise. This term is 
 employed, by the French, to designate 
 the peculiar sound caused by the passage 
 of the blood through the heart, in the last 
 stage of aneurism of that organ. 
 
 BRUIT, s. m., sonus, m. L., gerausch, 
 n. G., noise or sound : in Physics, a sen- 
 sation produced by the agitation of the 
 atmosphere, on the organ of hearing 
 Bruit de Soiifflet, belle ws-sound : in Pa- 
 thology, the peculiar sound which some- 
 times exists, as a morbid phenomenon, in- 
 stead of that naturally heard, during the 
 diastole of the heart and arteries. This 
 sound is sometimes grating or rasp-like, 
 rdpeux, F., raspelnd, G. ; at others, hiss- 
 ing or sibillant, sibilant, zischend 
 
 respiratoire pulmonaire : the slight but ex- 
 tremely distinct murmur heard in the 
 chest, and indicating the penetration of 
 the air inlo the cellular structure. 
 
 BRUI.URE, s. f., ustio, adustio, ambus- 
 tio, comhustio, f. L M brand, m., verbren- 
 nung, f. G., burn, burning : a lesion pro- 
 duced by the action of concentrated caloric 
 on the animal organs. Six degrees of this 
 injury, varying from simple rubefaction, 
 to perfect carbonization, of the limb or 
 part suffering from it, are distinguished 
 by Dupuytren. BRULANT, adj., sestu- 
 
 94 
 
 BUB 
 
 ans, urens, L., brennend, G., burning: 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to plants 
 which are armed with slings ; as Malpi- 
 ffhia uretis, and Urtica asstuans. BRULEH, 
 v. a., urere, comburere, verbrennen, 
 to burn. 
 
 BRUTE, s. f, li\yi>t (*>ov), bestia bru- 
 ta, f., brutum, n. L., vieh, n. G., brute: 
 an animal destitute of reason. BRUT, adj., 
 brutus, L., viehisch, G., brute : an 
 epithet applied, in common language, to 
 the lower animals, die wivemiinfligen 
 thiere, G. In Natural History, the un- 
 organized bodies of creation, as minerals, 
 are termed corps brute, F., corpora brttta, 
 L,., in order to distinguish them from the 
 organized, plants and animals. 
 
 BRYOLOGIE, s. f., bryologia, f. (f>^i>/>v, 
 moss, or more correctly, according to 
 modern Botanists, the genus, Bryum, 
 Thread-moss, in the Cryptogamic Order, 
 Musci, see Hooker's English Flora, vol. v, 
 
 E. 57, and Xoyoj, a discourse), L., die 
 ?hre von laubmosen, G., bryology : the 
 doctrine of, or a treatise on, Mosses. 
 
 BHYOHE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Bryonia ( Monoecia, monadelph. ; Cucur'bi- 
 taceae), L., die Zaunriibe, G., Bryony. 
 The large and succulent roots of a common 
 European species, B. dioica, formerly, alba, 
 fiaonviat, bryone dioique, vigne vierge, 
 blanche, F., weisse zaunriibe, weisse 
 stikwurz, G., red-berried Bryony, con- 
 tain an abundant f'ecula, impregnated with 
 an acrid, bitter, and caustic juice, to which 
 their violently cathartic and even delete- 
 rious properties are attributable. A pe- 
 culiar bitter and poisonous substance, 
 BRYONINE, Si f., bryonina, f. 1,., has, 
 also, been lately discovered in the root of 
 this plant, by Vauquelin. 
 
 BUBON, s. m., jSauio/v, (which signifies 
 either the groin, or a swelling of the ingui- 
 nal glands), bubo, in. I.., leistenbeule, 
 driisenbeule, f. G. : an inflammatory tu- 
 mour of the lymphatic glands, developed 
 in the cellular tissue of the groin, or even 
 of the axilla or neck. The bubo may be 
 simple, venereal, or pestilential. The 
 former results from primitive inflamma- 
 tion of the structure in which it is seated. 
 The two latter, venerien, occurring as a 
 symptom of syphilis, and pestilential, as 
 an attendant upon plague, are, by some 
 writers, included under the common de- 
 signation of Bubon malin, malignant bubo. 
 BUBON, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Bubon ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbelliferce ), 
 L., der Steineppich, G, containing a 
 few species ; one of which, B. galbanum, 
 bubon galbanifere, F., yields GALBA- 
 NUM; and another, B. gummiferum, b. 
 gommifere, both from Africa, a gum- 
 resin, of analogous properties. The seeds 
 of a third, B. Macedonicum, b. de Mace'-
 
 BUC 
 
 tloine, a native of Greece and Barbary, 
 were formerly employed as carminative ; 
 and the leaves, for the cure of inflamma- 
 tion of the groin. Hence the name of the 
 genus. 
 
 BUBONALGIE, s. f., bubonalgia, (fatiGeuv, 
 the groin, cLxyos, pain), f. L., der leisten- 
 schmerz, G., pain in the groin. 
 
 BUBONOCELE, s. m., /3t/va*7Xw (/3t/- 
 <wv, and x'x, a swelling), bubonocele, 
 L., leistenbruch, m. G., hernia in the 
 groin. Some pathologists give this desig- 
 nation to hernia when restricted to the in- 
 guinal region ; and substitute that of Os- 
 CHEOLE, when the intestine has reached 
 the scrotum : they are both, however, 
 only different degrees of the same morbid 
 state. BUBONOCOSE, s. f., buboncus, m. 
 L., derived fromfiovSav, and oyxa;, a tu- 
 mour, is a perfectly synonymous term. 
 
 BUBONOREXIE, s. f., bubonorexis, (fiov- 
 gaiv, and p'seu, I flow), f. L. : Intestinal 
 hernia, with division of the peritoneum, 
 and consequently destitute of an hernial 
 sac. 
 
 BUCARDE, s. f. : a genus, in Concholo- 
 gy, Cardium (Ord. Bivalve ; Div. Dentat- 
 ed, Inequivalve ), JL., die Herzmuschel, 
 G., Cockle, comprehending several spe- 
 cies of shells ; the inhabitant of which is 
 an acephalous Molluscum. Some of these 
 animals, especially that of C. edule, la 
 bucarde coque ou sourdon, die essbare 
 herzmuschel, are edible. 
 
 BUCCAL, adj., buccalis (bucca, the 
 mouth, or rather cheek), L. : relating to 
 the mouth, and particularly to the cheeks : 
 Ex. Cavite buccale, F., the buccal cavity, 
 synon. with mouth, see BOUCHE ; artere 
 buccale (sus-maxillaire, Ch.), art. bucca- 
 lis, L., the buccal artery, given off by 
 the internal maxillary, or one of its 
 branches, and distributed on the buccina- 
 tor muscle, and mucous membrane of the 
 cheek, membrane buccale ; Nerf buccal 
 ( fiwcco-labial, Ch.), nervus buccalis, L., 
 der iacfenmuskelnerf, G., a branch of 
 the inferior maxillary nerve. 
 
 BUCCINATEUR, s. m. : in Anatomy, a 
 muscle of the cheek, Buccinator, m. L,., 
 
 literally, the trumpeter, fiuxaynrrns, 
 
 (muscle alve'olo-labial, Ch.), der backen- 
 muskel, trompetermuskel, G.; attached, a- 
 bove, to the posterior part of the superior 
 alveolar border, below, to the corres- 
 ponding part of the inferior border, and, 
 in the middle, to the bucco-pharyngeal a- 
 poneurosis, apone'vrose bucco-pharyngi- 
 enne, F., which extends from the inter- 
 nal ala of the pterygoid to the posterior 
 part of the inferior alveolar process ; and 
 affords attachment to the buccinator, ante- 
 riorly ; and, posteriorly, to the Constrictor 
 pharyngis superior. The buccinator is 
 perforated by the parotid duct. 
 
 95 
 
 BUL 
 
 Btrcco-i.ABiAi., adj.,. bucco-labialis, L. i 
 belonging to the cheek and lips. See BUC- 
 CAL. 
 
 BUCCO-PHARYVGIEN, adj.,~~bucco-pha- 
 ryngeus, L. : belonging to the cheek and 
 pharynx. See BUCCINATEUR. 
 
 BUCCULE, s. f., buccula, f., pars sub 
 mento carnosa, L., die unterkehle, G.: a 
 name given, by Bartholine, to the fleshy 
 part below the chin. 
 
 BUFFLE, s. m. : a species, in Zoology, 
 belonging to the genus Bos. See B<EUF. 
 The Buffalo, B. bubalus, buffelus, /3i/'- 
 Xj, der biiffel, biiffelochs, G., origi- 
 nally a native of Thibet, now roams, in a 
 wild, state, over the greater portion of 
 Asia and Africa ; and is domesticated in 
 Italy and Greece. Several striking cha- 
 racters distinguish this species from its 
 congeners ; especially, the disposition of 
 the four teats of the female in a single 
 transverse line. The flesh, la chair du 
 buffle, F.f~ caro bubali, L., coarse, hard, 
 of musk- or rather castor-like odour, and 
 exceedingly glutinous, is more exciting, 
 in its dietetic properties, than common 
 beef. The milk, of agreeable flavour but 
 peculiar smell, yields a large proportion 
 of cream. The delicate cheeses of Rome, 
 named ceufs du bujfte, and the more ordi- 
 nary kind, propatura, are prepared from it. 
 
 BUGLOSK, s. fl: a genus, in Botany, An- 
 chusa ( Pentandria, monogyn.; BoragineeB), 
 L., die Ochsenzunge, G., Bugloss, 
 comprehending numerous species. One 
 of these, A. qfficinalis, la buglose com- 
 mune, F., /3i/7X3-<ray, die ofh'cinelle o- 
 der gewohnliche ochs., G., common bug- 
 loss, an European plant, possesses the 
 same medicinal properties as Borage. In 
 Italy, it is eaten, boiled, like cabbage. 
 The root of another species, A. tinctoria, 
 yields the ORCANETTE. 
 
 Buis, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Buxus 
 ( Monoecia, tetrandr. ; Euphorbiacea ), L., 
 der Buchs, G., Box-tree, containing 
 but few species ; one of which, B. sem- 
 pervivens, buis en arbre, ordinaire, F., 
 !ry|f, buchsbaum, G., common box- 
 tree, a well-known plant, has been pro- 
 posed as a substitute for Guaiacum, in the 
 treatment of syphilitic diseases. The 
 leaves are, in some countries, employed 
 as a bitter, in the composition of beer. A 
 new vegetable alcali, BUXINE, s. f., bux- 
 ina, f. L., has lately been discovered in 
 the box-tree, by Faure. 
 
 BULBE, s. m., and f., bulbus (/3aXV, a 
 bulbous root, but mostly, an onion), m. L,., 
 zwiebel, f. G., bulb : a term, in Bota- 
 ny, applied to the rounded protuberance 
 which occupies the base of the stem in 
 certain plants, plantes bulbeuses, F., 
 *ne6e/gewachse, G., and ordinarily re- 
 mains concealed in the earth. Bulbs, like
 
 BUL 
 
 buds, contain the rudiments of a new pro- 
 duction ; and, differing from the TURIOK 
 only in duration, have been named, by 
 Decandolle, turions permanents. Of the 
 two principal descriptions of bulb, the 
 bulbe a. tunique, F., bulbus tunicatus, L., 
 die hautige zwiebel, G., is composed of 
 concentric layers, as in the Onion ; while 
 the bulbe a ecailles, b. squamosus, die 
 schuppige zwiebel, consists of imbricated 
 scales, as in the 1/ily. 
 
 BULBE, s. m., bulbus, m. L., bolle, 
 zwiebel, f. G. : a term in Anatomy, ap- 
 plied to different parts of the animal body 
 which exhibit some analogy of figure,, 
 with the root of a bulbous plant : Exs. L,e 
 bulbe ou la racine des poils, F., bulbus 
 pili, Ij., haarwurzel G., the bulb, or 
 root, of the hair ; buibe de I'uretre, bul- 
 bus urethrse, zwiebel der harnrohre, the 
 bulb of the urethra; buibe de Poeil, bulbus 
 oculi, augapfel, the bulb(or globe) of the 
 eye; bulbe de la veine ceVebrale, the en- 
 largement exhibited by the internal jugu- 
 lar vein on its exit from the cranium : in 
 .Zoology, to the base, or first joint, of the 
 antenna of Insects. 
 
 BULBEUX, adj., j3aX&w3!j, bulbostts, 
 Li., zwiebelig, G.,< bulbous : an epithet 
 applied, in Botany, to all plants provided 
 with a bulb, see Bui, BE; and to certain 
 fungi, champignons bulbeux, F., with a 
 stem tumid at the base : in Anatomy, to 
 any organ furnished with, or substance 
 entering into the composition of, a bulb. 
 
 BctBiFERE, adj., zwiebeltragend, G., 
 bulbiferous: an epithet, in Botany, em- 
 ployed to designate any root or plant, 
 racine ou plante bulbifere, F., which pro- 
 duces bulbs. 
 
 BULBIFORME, adj., bulbiformis (bul- 
 bus, and forma, figure), L., /3oxs/Sj{, 
 zwiebelfb'rmig, G., bulbiform : exhibit- 
 ing the figure of a bulb. 
 
 BuLBlLLE, S. f., /3*X6/ov, (SoXS/Vxo;, 
 
 bulbillus, m. L,., knospenzwiebel, f., eine 
 kleine zwiebel, G. The term, bulbule or 
 little bulb, is applied to small bodies resem- 
 bling tubercles or bulbs ; which grow on 
 different parts of certain plants ; and, de- 
 taching themselves, when ripe, from the 
 parent, get buried in the earth, and pro- 
 duce new individuals. The bulbules, in 
 the Lilium bulbiferum, occupy the axillae 
 of the leaves : in certain of the Allia, they 
 are developed on the base of the umbel ; 
 in Agave foetida, in the interior of the pe- 
 ricarp ; and on the fibrils of the root, in 
 Saxifraga granulata. ButBiLtiFEKE, adj., 
 bulbilliferus, L., bulbillentragend, G., 
 bulbilliferous : bearing bulbules. 
 
 BULBO-CAVERNEUX, s. m., and adj., 
 bulbo-cavernosus, L. : in Anatomy, the 
 name of a muscle (bulbo-urdtral, Ch.), 
 
 96 
 
 BUT 
 
 der schliessmuskel der harnrohre, G. 
 See AecE/.EitATEtr R. 
 
 BULBO-UKETRAL, s. m., and adj. See 
 BCLBO-CAVERNEUX. 
 
 BITLI.E, s. f., bulla, f. L., blase, f. G., 
 bleb: in Pathology, according to Wil- 
 lan's definition, " a large portion of the 
 cuticle detached from the skin by the in- 
 terposition of a transparent watery fluid." 
 The Bullce constitute, in his System, the 
 4th Order of Cutaneous Diseases, see Wil- 
 lan, pages xii, and 485 ; and comprehend 
 three genera T Erysipelas, Pemphigus, and 
 Pompnolyx.. French pathologists define 
 as bulla, " every species of vesicle formed 
 by serum which raises the epidermis." 
 By some, the term is even especially em- 
 ployed as a synonym of Pemphigus. 
 BULLEUX, adj., bullosus : an epithet em- 
 ployed to designate Pemphigus. When 
 the eruption is accompanied with fever, 
 the term, fie vre bulleuse, is applied to it. 
 
 BUPHTHALME, S. m. (/3ouj, OX, OiptfaJ.^of, 
 
 an eye : a genus, in Botany, Buphtkalmurn 
 ( Syngenesia, poly gam. superfl. ; Corymbi- 
 ferce), L*, das llindauge, G., Ox-eye, 
 comprehending many species. Two of 
 these, B. grandiflorum, and saliciflorum, 
 indigenous in the south of France, are 
 said to possess the properties of the tea- 
 plant ; and thought capable of being ad- 
 vantageously substituted for it. 
 
 BUPHTHAJ.MIE, s. , buphthalmia, 
 (same derivation), f. L. , ochsenauge, n. 
 G. : an augmentation of the volume, witli 
 projection, of the eye ; resulting from ei- 
 ther a slight degree of hydrophthalmia, or 
 from an inordinate secretion of the fluid 
 which constitutes the vitreous humour. 
 
 BUKSAL, adj:, -bursalis (bursa, a purse), 
 L. : a name given, by Bartholine, to the 
 obturator internus muscle, m. bursalis, see 
 OBTURATEUR ; because it possesses a 
 tendon, with four divisions which have 
 been compared to the strings of a purse. 
 One species of hamster is, from the pos- 
 session of a very large cheek-pouch, see 
 ABAJOUE, named Cricetns bursarius. 
 
 BUSSEROLE, s. f. : in Botany, a species 
 of Arbutus. See ARBOUSIER. 
 
 BUTYHATE, s. m., butyras, m. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, buttersaure 
 salze, G., formed by the combination of 
 butyric acid with salifiable bases. To this 
 acid, 1'acide butyrique, F., acidum buty- 
 ricum, 1^., butters&ure, G., composed of 
 hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen, butter is in- 
 debted for its peculiar odour. BUTY- 
 HEUX, adj., butyrosus (butyrum, butter), 
 L., butterartig, G., resembling, or re- 
 lating to, butter: Ex. Consistance , o- 
 deur , substance bntyreuse, a butter-like 
 consistence, smell, or substance. 
 
 BUTYRINE, s. f., butyrina, f. L., but-
 
 BUT 
 
 terfett, n. G : a name given, by Chevreul, 
 to a peculiar fatty substance; which, with 
 stearine and oleine, constitutes butler. It 
 has not yet been obtained in a state of 
 perfect purity. 
 
 BUV 
 
 BUTYRIQUE, adj. See BUTYRATE. 
 
 BUVEUR, s. m. and adj., potator, L., 
 drinker: a term applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the internr.1 rectus muscle of the eye. 
 See ADDUCTEUR, ou DROIT interne. 
 
 CAC 
 
 CABAL LIX, adj., caballinus (caballus, a 
 horse), L , fiir pferde gehorig, G. : an 
 epithet employed, in Materia Medica, to 
 designate an impure variety of extract of 
 aloe, which is prescribed only in veterinary 
 medicine. See ALOES. 
 
 CABARET, s. m. See ASARET. 
 
 CABIAI, s. m. : in Zoology, formerly a 
 species of the Linnsean genus, Cavia, which 
 included also the guinea-pig and aguti ; 
 but constituting, in modern systems, the 
 type of a new genus, Hydrochacrus ( Mam- 
 miferes, Cuv.). The only species which 
 it contains, H. capybara, is an animal, 
 three feet in length, without tail, the toes 
 connected by membrane ; inhabiting the 
 margins of South- American rivers; swim- 
 ming and diving well; subsisting on ve- 
 getables, and probably on fish also. The 
 flesh of the cabiai forms a delicate article 
 of diet. See Cuvier, Regne Animal, v. i, 
 p. 219 : Cloquet, Faune des Midecins, v. 
 iii., p. 147- 
 
 CACAOTIEU, CACAOYER, s. m. : a genus, 
 in Botany, Theobroma ( Polyadelphia, pen- 
 tandr. ; Malvaceae), der Kakaobaum, G., 
 Cacao or Chocolate-tree. The principal 
 species, Th. cacao (Cacao sativa, Lam.), 
 le cacaoyer cultive, F., smooth-leaved 
 Chocolate-tree, a native of South Ame- 
 rica, yields a capsular fruit, in which are 
 contained, amidst an acidulous, grateful, 
 and whitish pulp, considerable numbers of 
 the almond -like cacao-nut, le cacao, F., 
 die kakaobohne, G. From these nuts, 
 the well-known alimentary substance, cho- 
 colate, is fabricated ; and a concrete oil, 
 kakao-butter, f. G., see BETJRRE de cacao, 
 is obtained by expression. There are 
 several varieties of this species of Cacao. 
 Another species, Th. bicotor, is also cul- 
 tivated for its/rwiV. 
 
 CACATOIRE, adj. cacatorius (cacare, to 
 go to stool), L. : the epithet employed by 
 Sylvius, to designate a variety of inter- 
 mittent fever, fievre cacatoire, F., fe- 
 bris cacatoria, L., pwrpirfieber, G., at- 
 tended with profuse alvine evacuations, 
 and, occasionally, with abdominal pains. 
 
 CACHALOT, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Catodon ( Mammiferes, Cetaces, Cuv.), com- 
 prizing a few species which were formerly 
 classed under, and constituted a sub-genus 
 of, the genus Physeter. See PHYSF.TERE. 
 
 97 
 
 CAC 
 
 The individuals of the Calodon, resemble 
 those of the Physeter genus, in the restric- 
 tion of their teeth to the lower jaw only, 
 hence the term Catodon, *.a.<ra., below, 
 oSous, tooth ; but differ from them in not 
 b'.nng furnished with an elevated dorsal fin. 
 On this account, it has been proposed, by 
 some writers, to substitute the more pre- 
 cise and expressive title, Physteraptera, 
 see APTERE, for that of Catodon. See, also, 
 Camper, Observations Anatom. sur la Strud- 
 tnre $c. des plusieurs Especes de Celaces, 
 Paris, 1820. The Catodon genus contains 
 two or three species; the principal of 
 which, C. Physeter macrocephalus, Ca- 
 chalot macrocephale, F., furnishes, from 
 a distinct cavity of its enormous cranium 
 divided into two chambers and numerous 
 cells and compartments by one horizontal 
 and divers vertical septa of thin mem- 
 brane, the peculiar substance, called Sper- 
 maceti. See CETINE. The fragrant and 
 cosily Ambergrise, is, moreover, an intes- 
 tinal or rather biliary concretion expelled 
 from the intestinal canal of this animal. 
 See AMBRE. Its flesh affords a coarse, 
 its tongue, a delicate article of food. A 
 jelly, resembling Isinglass, is obtained 
 from its fasciae and tendons. The blubber 
 yields a pure oil, but less in quantity than 
 that of the Baloena. The Cachalot is 
 much more active, daring, and courageous 
 than the other Cetacea ; and subsists 
 principally on fish. The blowing-hole is 
 single, and situated at the extremity of 
 the muzzle. See La Ce'pede, Histoire 
 Naturelle des Cetace.es ; and Cloquet, 
 Faune des Medecins, vol. iii, p. 150. 
 
 CACHE, adj., inclusus, reconditus, LM 
 verborgen, versteckt, G.,, concealed, 
 hidden : a term, in Botany, applied to the 
 radicle of a plant, when covered by the 
 elongated base of the cotyledons ; as in 
 TraptBolum majus. 
 
 . CACHEXIE, s. f., x.a%t%i; (xaxlis, bad, 
 i%is, habit of body), cachexia, f., malus 
 corporis habitus, L., kachexie, , eine 
 ungesunde leibesbeschaffenheit, G., ca- 
 chexy : in Pathology, a generally deprav- 
 ed and unhealthy condition of the body, 
 such as commonly precedes, or accompa- 
 nies, the development of chronic diseases. 
 The Cachexia, les Cachexies, F., occu- 
 py an important situation in the nosolo- 
 
 H
 
 CAC 
 
 gical systems of Sauvages and Cullen. 
 CACHECTICIUE, adj., x,m^ixrns, cachec- 
 ticus, kachektisch, cachectic : an epi- 
 thet applied to any one suffering from 
 or thing which relates to, Cachexy : Exs. 
 Individu , dtat cachectique, a cachectic in- 
 dividual or condition. CACHECTKKJES, 
 pi., cachectica, L. : in Materia Medica, 
 remedies, remedes cachectiques, F., em- 
 ployed for the cure of Cachexy. 
 
 CACHOU, s. m. : in Materia Medica, a 
 solid substance, catechu, terra Japonica, 
 L., catechu, catechusaft oder japanische 
 erde, G., obtained, in the East Indies, 
 from the Acacia formerly Mimosa cate- 
 chu, and some other species of the genus. 
 Astringent and tonic, it enters into the 
 composition of BETEL, and of an Indian 
 remedy for Dysentery, Cachonde or Ca- 
 chunde ; and constitutes the principal in- 
 gredient of divers Officinal Preparations. 
 Tha French and Germans have a Tincture, 
 Tinctura de Catechu, Ph. Galt.,Cate- 
 thutinctur, G. ; and the latter, a Confec- 
 tion and Troches, Zahnlatwerge aus Ca- 
 techu, and Kaschiigelchen, of this sub- 
 stance. 
 
 CACOALEXITERE, adj., caco-alexite- 
 rius (xxxos, evil, a,\ifw, I avert), L. : an 
 epithet nearly synon. with ALEXITERE : 
 Ex. Remedes cacoalexiteres, F., remedia 
 coco-ale xiteria, L., mittel gegen schlechte 
 
 verdorbene safte, gegen ansteckungen, 
 
 G., remedies against vitiated humours, 
 against infections. 
 
 CACOCHOLIE, s. f., cacocholia, f. (same, 
 and x,^i bile), L. : in Pathology, an af- 
 fection resulting from a vitiated state of 
 the bile, eine uble beschaffenheit der 
 galle, G. 
 
 CACOCHYMIE, s. f., xtt.xo%uf*.ia., f. (same, 
 and xuftes, juice), cacochymie, f. L., ka- 
 kochymie, f., eine schlechte beschaffenheit 
 der safte, G., cacochymy, a depraved con- 
 dition of the humours. CACOCH YAIE, adj., 
 xaxa%i>pi}s, cacochymicus, cacochymus, 
 kakochymisch, suffering from, or con- 
 nected with, the cacochymie state. 
 
 CACOCNEME, adj., xaxoxvtipos (same, 
 
 and xvjfitv, the leg), cacocnemicus, L. : 
 an epithet appliedto one with bad legs, 
 mit schlechten waden versehen, G. 
 
 CACOETHE, adj., xaxovtm (same, and 
 *((, character), cacoetheg, L., bosartig, 
 G., malignant, of bad character : Ex. Ul- 
 cere cacoelhe, F., ulcus cacoethes, L., ein 
 bosartiges geschwiir, G., a malignant sore. 
 
 CACOGAI.ACTIE, s. f., cacogalactia, f. 
 (same, and yx, milk), L., eine uble 
 beschaffenheit der milch, G., a vitiated 
 condition of the milk. 
 
 CACOMORPHIE, s. , cacpmorphia, 
 (same, and /*<>$, form), deformitas, f. L., 
 kakomorphie, missbifdung, f. G., mal- 
 formation, deformity : an alteration of 
 98 
 
 CAC 
 
 the anatomical figure of organs, inconsis- 
 tent with the regular and effective exer- 
 cise of their functions. CACOMORPHICIUE, ? 
 
 adj . , cacomorphicu s, mit kakomorphie 
 
 behaftet, connected with or causing 
 
 malformation. 
 
 CACONYCHIE, s. f., caconychia, f. 
 
 (xaxos, and en/1, a nail), L., kakonychie, f., 
 eine schlechte (krankhafte) beschaffenheit 
 der n'dgel, G., a bad (morbid) condition 
 of the nails. 
 
 CACOPATHIE, s. f., cacopathia, f. (same, 
 and jru.Soi, an affection of the mind, a dis- 
 ease, L. : a term, xa,x.oirtil>i,,, employed, 
 by Hippocrates, to designate a painful 
 affection of the mind ; and so rendered by 
 the German, Kraus, ein schweres seelen- 
 leiden, der kummer, grosse traurigkeit, 
 melancholic : and, again, by some French 
 lexicographers, a disease of bad character, 
 une maladie de mauvab caractere. 
 
 CACOPHONIE, s. f., xa.xa$/at/iu, (same, 
 
 and <pca*n, the voice), cacophonia, f. L., 
 kakophonie, f., eine uble stimme, G., 
 cacophony : a bad voice or pronunciation. 
 CACOPHOITIQUE, ? adj., xax'oQuvus, caco- 
 
 phonicus, kakophonisch, cacophonic : 
 
 connected with a vicious pronunciation. 
 
 CACOPRAGIE, s. f., cacopragia, f. (same, 
 and vguf/rca, I act), L., kakopragie, ? f. 
 G. : a depraved state of the viscera con- 
 cerned in nutrition. 
 
 CACORACHITE, s. , cacorachitis, f. 
 
 (same, and /'?, the spine), L., kakor- 
 rachitis, f., eine riickgratskrankheit, G., 
 a disease of the vertebral column. 
 
 CACORHYTHME, adj., cacorrhythmus, 
 (same, and putipos, rhythm), L.., unor- 
 dentlich, G., irregular : Ex. Pouls caco- 
 rhythme, E., pulsus irregularis, 1^., ein 
 
 unordentlicher puls, G., an irregular 
 
 pulse; Febris intermittens cacorrhythma 
 seu atypica, ein unordentliches wechsel- 
 fieber, an irregular intermittent fever. 
 
 CACOSIS, s. : a term borrowed from 
 the Greek, xa,xu<ns , and employed, by 
 French and German writers, to denote a 
 bad depraved condition of the whole body, 
 or of a single organ, der schlechte ver- 
 dorbene zustand des ganzen korpers, oder 
 eines einzelnen organs, G. 
 
 CACOSITIE, S. , xuxurtria, (xaxes, bad, 
 
 <r7ras, food), cacositia, f. L., want of ap- 
 petite ; disgust for food, ein grosser wi- 
 derwille gegen speisen, G. CACOSITIQUE, ? 
 
 adj., xaxlxriTos, cacositicus, having an 
 
 aversion, or disgust, for food. 
 
 CACOSPERMIE, s. , cacospermia, 
 (same, and wi^x, semen), L., kakosper- 
 masie, kakospermie, , eine schlechte be- 
 schaffenheit des samens, G., seminu 
 
 (mascuUni) conditio prava. 
 
 CACOSPHYXIE, s. , cacosphyxia, f. 
 (same, and rtyvlys, the pulse), 1.., kako- 
 sphyxie, G., a bad condition ofpulw.
 
 CAD 
 
 CACOSPLAVCHNIE, s. f. cacosplanehnia, 
 f. (xxxof, evil, fTiKay^a,, the entrails), L., 
 kakosplanchnie, G., eine uble beschaffen- 
 heit der verdauungswerkzeuge, G., a de- 
 praved condition of the organs of digestion. 
 
 CACOTHYMIE, s. f., xa.xo6v/j.ia. caco- 
 thymia, f. L., kakothymie, f. G. : literal- 
 ly, malevolence (XKXOS, evil, fofios, mind) ; 
 but, according to some writers, great de- 
 pression of spirits, grosse niedergeschlag- 
 enheit des geistes, G. : to others, a de- 
 praved condition of the intellectual pow- 
 ers, un mauvais e'tat des facultes intellec- 
 tuelles, F. 
 
 CACOTRICHIE, s. f., cacotrichia, f. (xa.- 
 xos, and ^<|, the hair), L., kakotrichie, f., 
 eine krankheit der haare, G., a morbid 
 condition of the hair, alte'ration morbide 
 du tissu des chevcux, F. 
 
 CACOTROPHIE, s. , cacotrophia, f. 
 
 (same, and rgoQw, nutrition), nutritio pra- 
 va, L., kakotrophie, f., schlechte ernahr- 
 ung, G., a depraved state of nutrition. 
 
 CACTEES, CACTIERS, CACTIFLORES. 
 See NOPALEES. 
 
 CACTIER, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Cactus ( Icosandria, monogyn. ; Cacti, L... 
 Nopalies, F.), L., containing numerous 
 species. The acidulous fruits of two of 
 these, C. triangularis, and opuntia, 
 constitute an agreeable article of food. 
 The pulp of the latter, la roquette, ou 
 figuier d'Inde, F., Indian fig, is red, 
 and communicates to the urine of those 
 who feed upon it, a blood-like colour. 
 The leaves are accounted anodyne and re- 
 frigerant. The coccineal insect lives up- 
 on another species, C. coccinellifer, le No- 
 pal, F. See COCHENILLE. 
 
 CADAVRE, s. m., cadaver, n. (cadere, 
 to fall, or a contraction of the three first 
 syllables of caro rfata wrmibus), I*, n- 
 x^cs, leichnam, m., ein todter korper, G., 
 carcase, corpse, dead body : a term ap- 
 plied to an organized body deprived of 
 life; but rarely to any except the dead 
 animal body. CADAVEREUX, adj., vtxpa- 
 3f , cadaverosus, leichenartig, cada- 
 verous : exhibiting the appearance, or ex- 
 haling the odour, of a corpse : Exs. Teint 
 cadavereux, odeur cadavireuse, a cada- 
 verous hue, and smell. CADAVERIQ.UE, 
 adj., cadavericus, relating to a corpse : 
 Exs. Autopsie , ouverture , phe'no- 
 mene cadaverique, inspection, dissection 
 of (sectio cadaveris, L., leichenoffnung, 
 G.), phenomenon exhibited by, the dead 
 body. 
 
 CADMIUM, s. m. : in Chemistry, the 
 name of a white and solid metal, discover- 
 ed, in 1818, by Stromeyer and Hermann, 
 in oxide of zinc. 
 
 CADRE, s. m., a picture-frame. Ca- 
 dre du tympan, Tyrapanal : in Anatomy, 
 that portion of the os temporis which, in 
 
 99 
 
 man, sustains the membrana tympani. 
 It corresponds with the os quadratum, 
 1'os carre, F., of birds, and the Preoper- 
 cule of fishes. 
 
 CADUC, adj., caducus (cadere, to fall), 
 deciduus, L.., hinfallig, G., deciduous : 
 an epithet employed, in common language, 
 to designate the/a// of years, Agecaduc, 
 F., see CADUCITE, or declining health, 
 sante' caduque. in Botany, applied to 
 parts or organs of plants which are not 
 permanent : as the calyx, calyce caduc, 
 F., calyx caducus, L., ofPapaverrhaeas; 
 the corolla, corolie caduque, of Thalic- 
 trum ftamtm ; the style, style caduc, of 
 Scilla maritima ; and the leaves, feuilles 
 caduques, of Dicranum caducum. The 
 term is equally applicable to the bractese, 
 stipulse, and other organs of plants, quae 
 brevi decidunt, nee per integram sestatem 
 permanent, L. In Zoology, those legs of 
 Insects which, as in the caterpillars, do 
 not appear in all the changes through 
 which the animal is destined to pass, are, 
 by Kirby, termed deciduous, pattes ca- 
 ducqucs, F. 
 
 CADUCITE, s. f., caducitas, f. L., hin- 
 falligkeit, f. G., erazziness, decay: that 
 period of human life which extends from 
 the 70th to somewhat beyond the 80th 
 year, and ordinarily precedes the state of 
 utter decrepitude. 
 
 CADUQUE (Membrane), membrana 
 
 decidua, 1*., die hinfallige eyhulle,? G. : in 
 Anatomy, the most external of the mem- 
 branes enveloping the foetus, the e'pi- 
 chorion, of Chaussier. At first adherent, 
 on one part, to the chorion, on the other, 
 to the internal surface of the uterus, it 
 forms a sac without opening, like that of 
 the other serous membranes. Towards 
 the close of the fourth month of pregnan- 
 cy, the exterior or uterine portion, Ca- 
 duque uterine, the chorion of Cuvier and 
 Dutrochet, becomes detached from the 
 uterus, and adherent to the interior or 
 foetal portion, the membrane caduque, of 
 Dutrochet ; and constitutes with it, one 
 thin membrane. From this circumstance, 
 the epithet, decidua, has been, by Hunter, 
 imposed upon the structure. Previously 
 to his time, it was regarded as forming an 
 exterior expansion of the true chorion ; 
 and hence named chorion veloute oa pul- 
 peux, by the French, ch. spongiosum vel 
 tomentosum, by Latin writers. A mu- 
 cous substance, situated exteriorly to the 
 decidua, of Hunter, is the membrane ca- 
 duque, of Cuvier; and, by him, compared 
 to the shell of the egg of birds. 
 
 CAECUM, s. m., caecum, n. (cacus, 
 blind), L. : in Anatomy, a portion of the 
 intestinal canal, situated between the ter- 
 mination of the ileum and commencement 
 of the colon. See AVEUGLE. The blind 
 H2
 
 CAI 
 
 gut occupies the right iliac fossa ; and is 
 bound down by peritoneum. The name 
 is derived from the prolongation of its in- 
 ferior portion into a blind cavity, cul-de- 
 sac. A valve, valvule ile'o-caecale, see 
 BAUHIV, guards its communication with 
 the ileum. C^ECAL, CECAL, adj., caeca- 
 lis, Ij. : belonging to the caecum : Ex. Ap- 
 pendice ceecale, F., appendix processus 
 vermiformis coed intestini, L., wurm- 
 f ormiger fortsatz des blinden darms, G 
 The arteria colica dextra inferior, artere 
 colique droite infe'rieure, F., is, moreo- 
 ver, termed caecale, by Chaussier, blind- 
 darwzs-schlagader, by the Germans ; be- 
 cause its branches are principally distri- 
 buted upon the caecum. 
 
 CJESARIEK. See CESARIEW. 
 
 CAFE, s. m., coffea, f. L , kafe, kaf- 
 fee, m. G., coffee : a term indiscriminate- 
 ly applied to the fruit of the Coffee-tree, 
 see CAFIER; to the tree itself; but, 
 more especially, to the decoction or infu- 
 sion of the roasted and pulverized berry. 
 This grateful beverage is indebted, for its 
 peculiar fragrance and flavour, to an un- 
 known principle developed in the process 
 of roasting. Stimulant and tonic, it con- 
 stitutes a valuable article of diet ; and is 
 advantageously prescribed in the parox- 
 ysm of asthma, in poisoning by opium, 
 and in intermittent, typhoid, and adyna- 
 mic fevers. 
 
 CAFIEVE, s. f., cafeina. cofeina, f. L., 
 kaffeebitter, kaffeestoff, m. G., caffe- 
 ine : a peculiar substance discovered, in 
 1820, by Hunge, in coffee ; and classed 
 among the immediate principles of vege- 
 tables. 
 
 CAFIER, CAFEYEB, s. m. : a genus, in 
 Botany, Coffea ( Pentandria, monogyn. ; 
 Rulnaceae), Li., der Kaffebaum, Coffee- 
 tree, comprehending many species : the 
 principal of which, C. Arabica, cafier de 
 Moka, Arabian Coffee-tree, a native of 
 Arabia Felix, and since introduced into 
 Batavia and South America, yields the 
 well-known coffee-berry. See CAFE. 
 
 CAIEPUT, CAJEPUT, KAJEPUT (Huile 
 
 de), Oleum Cajuputi, L., Cajeputol, 
 
 G., Cajuput Oil : in Materia Medica, 
 a green transparent essential oil, of car- 
 damom-like odour, obtained, in the Mol- 
 lucca islands, from the leaves of Mela- 
 leuca leucadendron. See MELALEUQUE. 
 Internally employed, a powerful antispas- 
 modic and stimulant ; topically, useful in 
 tooth-ache, chronic rheumatism, sprains 
 and bruises. 
 
 CAIEC. See CAYEU. 
 
 CAILLE, s. f. : a genus, formerly a 
 
 species, first of Tetrao, Linn., subsequent- 
 ly of Perdrix, Temm., in Ornithology, 
 
 Coturnix (Gattinaccs, Cuv.), L., the 
 
 Quail, containing few species. The 
 
 100 
 
 CAI 
 
 common quail, C. vulyaris, la caille com- 
 mune, ajT!/]-, die wachtel, G., is a 
 
 well-known migratory bird of Europe. 
 It is principally distinguished from the 
 Partridge genus, see PERDRIX, by the 
 greater relative length of the first quill- 
 feather. It is a delicate, nutritious, and 
 invigorating article of diet. The Sclav of 
 Holy Writ, this bird, on two occasions, 
 supplied food to the Israelites in their 
 passage across the wilderness. See Exo- 
 dus, ch. xvi ; Numbers, xi. It appears 
 periodically, in vast multitudes, on the 
 shores of the Red Sea. At certain sea- 
 sons of the year, all the islands and shoals 
 of the Grecian Archipelago are covered 
 with it : hence, some of the former, and 
 especially Delos, have been named O^rvyia . 
 and such numbers of the quail are annu- 
 ally taken at the period of migration, in 
 the small island of Capri, on the coast of 
 Italy, as to fumish the principal revenue 
 of the bishop, who has consequently ob- 
 tained the popular designation of 1'E'veque 
 des cailles, the Bishop of quails. 
 
 CAILLEBOTTE, s. m. : the term former- 
 ly applied to a mass of curd (coagulated 
 milk), massula lactis coagulati, L., ein 
 stuck geronnene milch, G. CAILLEBOTTE, 
 adj. Synon. with CAILLE. 
 
 CAILLE-LAIT, s. m. : in Botany, the 
 vulgar designation of the genus, Galium, 
 see GATLLET ; and, especially, of one 
 of the species, G. luteum. 
 
 CAILLETTE, s. f. : in Comparative A- 
 natomy, the fourth stomach of the Rumi- 
 nantia, see ABOMASUM ; so called be- 
 cause, in young animals, it contains the 
 principle, la Prisure, F., by which milk 
 is coagulated. This, the proper stomach 
 or rennet, franche mulle, F., is, alone, 
 fully developed during lactation ; the 
 others, not until rumination commences. 
 It communicates directly, by the pylorus, 
 with the small intestine. 
 
 CAILLLOT, s. m., grumus, m. L., 
 clot : in Chemistry, the concretion which 
 forms in certain fluids, on coagulation 
 Caillot du sang, sanguinis coagulum, n. 
 I,., blutkuchen, m. G. : the red mass, 
 composed of fibrine, serum, and colour- 
 ing matter, which separates from the 
 blood when at rest. In Pathology, the 
 blood, poured out from a ruptured or di- 
 vided vessel within the system, forms a 
 coagulum by which the hemorrhage is fre- 
 quently arrested. CAILLE, adj., coagu- 
 latus, concretus, geronnen, coagulatus, 
 coagulated. CAILLER, v. a., coagulare, 
 gerinnen, to coagulate. 
 
 CAISSE, s. f. : in Surgery, synon. with 
 BOITE. In Anatomy, the cavity of the 
 tympanum, cavitas tympani (trommel- 
 hohle im ohre, G.), ossicula auditus conti- 
 nens, L.., is, by the French, termed caisse
 
 CAL 
 
 du tambour ou du tympan, from its sup- 
 posed resemblance to a military drum. 
 See TYMPAN. 
 
 CAL, s. m., callum, n., callus, m. L. : 
 in Pathology, the medium whereby the 
 reunion of the fragments of a broken bone 
 is accomplished, snwj<nj, beinnarbe, f., 
 callus, m. G. Induration of the integu- 
 ments of the extremities, from excessive 
 labour, is also termed cal, in French, In 
 Botany, the firm and indurated mass 
 sometimes existing on plants ; and com- 
 pared to the callosity, durillon, F., vru- 
 givftM, schwiele an handen und fiissen, G., 
 commonly seen on the hands and feet 
 of labouring men. 
 
 CALAMINE, s. f., calamina, f. I.,., gal- 
 mey, m. G. : a name heretofore given, in 
 Chemistry, to native protoxide of zinc, 
 previously to its having been recognized 
 as a metallic substance, and when regard- 
 ed as a kind of stone, Pierre calaminaire, 
 F., lapis calaminaris, L., ffahneystein, 
 G., calamine stone. 
 
 CALAMUS, s. m. -. a term borrowed di- 
 rectly from the Latin, Calamus, a reed or 
 pen, more remotely from the Greek, K.O.- 
 Ka.fjt.oi ; and applied, in Botany, to a genus 
 of hexandrous plants, formerly Acorus, 
 see ACORE VRAI : in Anatomy, to the 
 anterior portion of the fourth ventricle of 
 the brain, plume a e'crire, F.., calamus 
 scriptorius, L., schreib/efer, G., conti- 
 nuous with the aquseductus Sylvii, die 
 wasserleitung des Sylvius, G. ; reposing 
 on the medulla oblongata ; and so called 
 from its resemblance to the extremity of 
 a writing-pen. 
 
 CALANDHE, s. f. : a genus, in Entomo- 
 logy, Calandra ( Coleopteres, tetrameres ; 
 Rhynchophoren, Cuv., Curculionidce, St.), 
 separated, by modern Zoologists, from 
 the Curctilio, of Linnaeus. See CHARAN- 
 CON. The larva of one species, C. pal- 
 inarum, Cal. des palmiers, F., common 
 in both Indies, at Cayenne, Surinam, and 
 in South America, feeds on the pith of 
 the Sago-Palm, see SAGOUTTIEH ; and 
 hence, in the French colonies, is called ver 
 palmiste, the palmer-worm. It is eaten 
 fresh, variously prepared, or preserved in 
 rum ; and accounted a great delicacy by 
 the inhabitants of those countries. An 
 oil, which exudes from the body of the 
 larva on exposure to the sun, is also em- 
 pirically employed by them, in rheuma- 
 tism and piles. This is probably one of 
 the vermes fed, by the Romans, on farina, 
 under the indiscriminate appellation of 
 Cossus, and highly valued as an article of 
 diet. For although Linnaeus exclusively 
 refers everything said on this subject, by 
 the ancients, to the caterpillar of Cossus 
 ligniperda, and Pliny, in allusion to it, dis- 
 tinctly indicates the larva? of divers Cole- 
 
 101 
 
 CAL 
 
 optera which feed upon the oak, it is yet 
 evident that an Indian insect is adverted 
 to by jElian when he observes : Indmum 
 regem in mensS secunda apposuisse ver- 
 mem quemdam in planta nascentem, quern 
 igne tostum pro delicatissimo habuerit cibo. 
 Two other species, C. granaria, et oryzce, 
 Calandre du ble, et du riz, F.,. are 
 notorious for the depredations which they 
 commit on grain and rice. See Kirby and 
 Spence, Introduction to Entomology, v. i., 
 ch. vi. ; and Cloquet, Faune des Medecins, 
 v. iii., p. 182. 
 
 CALCAIRE, adj., calcareus, calcarius 
 
 (calx, lime), L.,. kalkartig, G., calcare- 
 ous : an epithet applied, in Chemistry and 
 Mineralogy, to substances composed of, 
 or containing, lime : Exs. Sel , pierre , 
 
 terre calcaire, F., a calcareous salt, 
 
 stone, and earth. The term, substan- 
 lively employed, designates, in the lan- 
 guage of geology, all the varieties of car- 
 bonate of lime. 
 
 CALCANEO-SOUS-PHALANGIEN, adj., 
 
 calcaneo-infra-phalanginus, L. : a term, 
 in Anatomy, applied, by Chaussier, to two 
 muscles of the loot, from their attachment 
 to the os calcis and the inferior surface of 
 the first phalanx, phalange, F., of the 
 toes : Calcaneo-sous-phalangien du premi- 
 er (gros) et du dernier (petit) doigt. 
 See ADDUCTEUH, 7, ABDUCTEUR, 8. 
 
 CALCANEO-SOITS-PHALANGINIEN, adj., 
 
 calcaneo-infra-phalangininus, L. : ex- 
 tending from the os calcis to the inferior 
 surface of the second phalanx, phalan- 
 gine, F., of the toes: a term applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the short common flexor 
 muscle, Calcaneo-sous-phalanginien com- 
 mun, of the toes. See FLECHISSE UR. 
 
 CALCANEO-SUS-PHALANGETTIEN, adj., 
 calcaneo-supra-phalangettianus, L. : ex- 
 tending from the os calcis to the superior 
 surface of the extreme phalanx, phalan- 
 gette, F., of the toes : a term given, by 
 Chaussier, to the short extensor muscle, 
 Calcaneo-sus-phalangettien commun, of 
 the toes. See PEDIEUX. 
 
 CALCANEUM, s. m., calcaneum, n., 
 
 calcaneus, m. (calcare, to tread under 
 foot), os calcis, L., fersenbein, n. G., 
 heel-bone : in Anatomy, the largest bone 
 of the tarsus, forming the heel, -XT'iy/a, 
 talon, F., and hence called os du talon. 
 It sustains the weight of the body in sta- 
 tion and progression. Six of the plantar 
 muscles are attached inferiorly and late- 
 rally, the extensor brevis digitorum pe- 
 dis, anteriorly and above, and the united 
 tendons of the gastrocnemius and aoleus 
 (tendo Achillis), and the tendon of the 
 plantaris, posteriorly, to this bone. 
 
 CALCINATION, s. f., calcinatio, f. L., .- 
 calcinirung, verkalkung, f. L. : in Che. 
 mistry, the subjecting to the continued
 
 CAL 
 
 action of a brisk fire, any infusible mineral 
 body, in order to expel the water or other 
 vaporizable fluid which enters into its 
 composition (thus alum is deprived of its 
 water of crystallization, and common mag- 
 nesia, of its carbonic acid, by calcination) ; 
 or certain metals to effect their oxyda- 
 tion. CALCINER, v. a., calcinare, com- 
 burere, calciniren, verkalken, to sub- 
 ject to the process of calcination. 
 
 CALCIUM, m., calcium, n. L. : a solid 
 white metal, resulting from the decom- 
 position of lime, calx, L., by the galva- 
 nic pile. 
 
 CALCOIDIEN, adj calcoideus, L. : in 
 Anatomy, an epithet heretofore employed 
 to designate the three cuneiform bones 
 ossicula calcoidea, L., of the tarsus. 
 
 CALCUL, s. m., calculus, lapis, m. L/., 
 XiV, stein, m. G., stone : a term ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to the different mor- 
 bid concretions, of stone-like character, 
 generated in various parts of the animal 
 body, but most commonly in the organs 
 destined to serve as reservoirs, and in the 
 excretory ducts. There are many species 
 and varieties of calculi, distinguished by 
 the site which they occupy in the body, and 
 by their peculiarities or chemical compo- 
 sition. The following is an outline of the 
 principal: Calculs des amygdales, F., 
 calculi tonsillares, L. concretions formed 
 in the mucous membrane of the tonsil: 
 chemical analysis undetermined. ar- 
 thritiques ou articulaires, developed in the 
 capsules and ligaments of the joints in 
 gouty subjects ; ordinarily composed of 
 uric acid, soda, and animal matter, rare- 
 ly, of urate of lime, and hydrochlorate of 
 soda. The term has been incorrectly ap- 
 plied to all other concretions, whether 
 pulmonary or visceral, discovered in sub- 
 jects who have suffered from gout. 
 
 biliaires, calculi biliares,L., gallen- 
 
 steine, G., gall-stones : distinguished in- 
 to three varieties, cystic, hepatic, and he- 
 pato-cystic, cystiques, hepaliques, hepato- 
 cystiques, F., according as they are con- 
 tained in the gall-bladder, liver, or cysto-he- 
 patic duct: generally composed of from 88 
 to 94 parts of cholesterine, and 12 to 6 of 
 the yellow matter of bile ; sometimes, al- 
 though very rarely, of picromel; at others, 
 inspissated bile. See Monro, Outlines of 
 
 Anatomy, $c., p. 282, Engravings, pi. 
 
 xxxii; and Morbid Anatomy of the Hu- 
 man Gullet, Stomach, and Intestineg. 
 
 intestinaux, intestinal concretions: 
 
 1. de Vestomac, gastric calculi; very 
 rare ; and, when existing, commonly in- 
 troduced into the stomach from without, 
 or thrown up from below by the anti-pe- 
 ristaltic motion of the intestinal canal. 
 Ascribed, by some authors, to the inordi- 
 nate use of absorbent powders. 2. det 
 102 
 
 CAL 
 
 inlettins, calculi intestinorum, intesti' 
 
 nal concretions : very frequent in the 
 lower animals, see AMBRE, and Bzo- 
 ARD, but rarely found in man : when oc- 
 curring, usually developed in the appen- 
 dices of the small intestine, in the cells of 
 the colon, or an old hernia. They are 
 hard, light, fetid, uninflammable, and va- 
 riable in composition. A gall-stone fre- 
 quently forms their nucleus. They are 
 the pierres stercorales, of some French wri- 
 ters. See Monro's Morbid Anatmny ; 
 and Articles, Alvine and Intestinal Concre- 
 tion, in Cooper's Surgical , and Ure's 
 Chemical Dictionary. 
 
 lacrymaux,des voies lacrymales, 
 lachrymal calculi: very rare; forming in 
 the lachrymal duct ; and ordinarily induc- 
 ing abscess and fistula. Analysis unknown. 
 des Mammelles : a concretion, of a yel- 
 low-white colour, exhibiting the figure of 
 the excretory ducts, is reported, by Hal- 
 ler, to have been discovered in an abscess 
 of the mammary gland, del'Oreille: 
 indurated cerumen sometimes forms, in 
 the meatus auditorius extemus, concretions 
 resembling biliary calculi, which induce 
 deafness, and even erosion of the membra- 
 na tympani. 
 
 du Pancreas : Pancreatic concre- 
 tions are of rare occurrence, and little 
 known. Supposed, from analogy, to re- 
 semble, in composition, salivary calculi. 
 See Pemberton, Treatise on the Diseases of 
 the Abdominal Viscera, p. 08. 
 
 de la Glands Pineale : composed of 
 phosphate of lime, and found almost inva- 
 luably in the substance of the pineal gland. 
 de la Prostate, prostatic calculi : same 
 in composition as the preceding, and 
 lodged in the interior of the prostate. 
 pulmonaires, pulmonary concretions : 
 frequently found in the lungs of persons 
 who have suffered from chronic pneumo- 
 nia; and inducing the symptoms of a pe- 
 culiar variety of phthisis -la phthisie cal- 
 culeuse, of Bayle. See Recherches sur la 
 Phthisie pulmonaire, Paris, 1810. 
 
 salivaires, salivary calculi : compos- 
 ed of phesphate of lime ; and developed 
 either in the substance, or excretory 
 ducts, of the salivary glands. See Monro, 
 Outlines of Anatomy, vol. ii., p. 158, En- 
 gravings, pi. xxvi. 
 
 spermatiques, spermatic calculi : 
 
 sometimes found, on dissection, in the 
 veiiculcB seminales of the human subject. 
 Analysis and symptoms unknown. 
 
 urinaires, calculi urinarii, L., 
 
 harnsteme, urinsteine, G., are distin- 
 guished, according to the precise situation 
 which they occupy, into the renal, urete- 
 ric, vesical, and urethral, calculs rinauar, 
 ~-des ureteres, visicaux, et de I'uretre. 
 Renal or nephritic calculi, nieren*fe*n*
 
 CAL 
 
 G., are commonly composed of uric acid, 
 animal matter, and oxalate of lime; some- 
 times, the various phosphates. The consti- 
 tution of the vesical calculi vesicae urina- 
 rise, L., blasensteine, G., is more vari- 
 able. The suhstances, hitherto discover- 
 ed in them, are uric acid, urate of ammo- 
 nia, cystic oxyde, oxalate of lime (the 
 concretions, formed by the latter, are dis- 
 tinguished by the title of mulberry calcu- 
 li, calculs muraux, F.), silex, the phos- 
 phates of lime, ammonia and magnesia, 
 and animal matter. See Marcet, Essay 
 on Calculous Disorders, 8vo., London, 
 1817; and Prout, Inquiry into Diabetes, 
 Calculus, &c., London, 1825. 
 
 deT Uterus. Uterine concretions are 
 very rare : the attendant symptoms, du- 
 ring life, those of chronic congestion of 
 the womb. Their existence can only be 
 ascertained upon dissection. See Brugna- 
 telli, Litologia umana ossia Ricerche chemi- 
 che et mediche aulle Sostanxe petroxe, &c. 
 Fol. Pavia, 1819. 
 
 CALCULEUX, adj., calculosus, L., 
 
 steinartig, G., caiculous : partaking of 
 the nature of, or affected with, calculus : 
 Exs. Substance , affection calculeuse, F. 
 
 CALCULIFRAGE, adj., calculifragus 
 
 (calculus, a stone, frangere, to break), L. : 
 a term applied to any instrument, or 
 other agent, which has the power of 
 breaking or dissolving a calculus within 
 the body ; and consequently synon. with 
 
 LlTHONTRIPTIQUE. 
 
 CALEFACTION, s. f., calefactio, I-., 
 erwarmung, f. G., the action of heating. 
 
 CALENTURE, s. f., calentura, f. L. : in 
 Pathology, the name of an affection to 
 which seamen are exposed, amidst the 
 heats of the torrid zone. It is character- 
 ized by furious delirium, and by an almost 
 irresistible propensity to suicide : hence 
 the Germans call it, das tollfieber der see- 
 leute, the seaman's mania. 
 
 CALICE, s. m., calix, m. (x.a.Xvi, a cup), 
 L. : a term applied, in Anatomy, to the 
 small membranous tubes, calices ou en- 
 
 tonnoirs, F., infundibula, L., which 
 
 embrace the papillae, mammelons. of 
 the kidney, and open deeply into the pel- 
 vis of the organ, whither they convey the 
 urine secreted by the papillae. Their 
 number varies from six to twelve. In 
 Botany, the exterior envelope of flowers, 
 calyx, der kelch, oder blumenkelch, 
 G., with a double perianth. The calyx 
 is ordinarily green ; sometimes coloui'ed : 
 its structure porous. The corolla is sur- 
 rounded by it, and covered previously to 
 the development of the flower, Great 
 diversity 01 opinion exists respecting the 
 distinction between the calyx and corolla 
 Lindley asserts that there may be a calyx 
 without a corolla, but not a corolla with- 
 
 103 
 
 CAL 
 
 out a calyx. By Linnaeus and his follow- 
 ers, seven kinds of calyx are distinguished : 
 the perianth, involucre, catkin, sheath, 
 glume or husk, perichsetium, and volva, 
 le perianthe, Yinvolucre, le chaton, la 
 spathe, la glume, le perichete, et le volva, F. 
 Itichard, on the other hand, restricts the 
 term, calyx, to the perianth ; arranges the 
 five succeeding species among the brac- 
 teae ; and regards the last as a peculiar 
 organ. According to Lindley, perianth 
 signifies, and is alone applicable to, the 
 calyx and corolla combined. Again, the 
 only envelope of the flower, in monocoty- 
 ledonous plants, which Linnaeus desig- 
 nates a corolla, is, by Jussieu, termed 
 calyx. See PERIGONE. In form and cha- 
 racter, the calyx is singularly variable : 
 monophyllous in Dianthus, polyphyUous in 
 Geranium, it forms an inverted cone in the 
 Labiates ; is prismatic in Pulmonaria, and 
 spurred in Trapceolus. It is deciduous in 
 Papaver ; permanent in most plants : vesi- 
 cular in Physalis ; adherent in Myrtus : and 
 further distinguished into superior and in- 
 ferior, according to its situation with re- 
 spect to the germen. See Catechismus der 
 Botanik; Smith's Grammar of Botany ; and 
 Lindley's Introduction to Botany, 8vo., 
 London, 1832. 
 
 CALICE, CALICINAL, adj., calycatus, ca- 
 lycinus, calycosus, L. : an epithet, in Bo- 
 tany, applied to flowers furnished, or sub- 
 jects connected, with a calyx : Exs. Fleur, 
 calicee, F., flos calycinus, L. ; e'caille ca- 
 licinale, poils calicinaux, F. : or, as a speci- 
 fic designation, to plants in which this or- 
 gan is largely developed : Ex. Hypericum 
 calycinum. 
 
 CALICINIEJT, adj., calycinianus, L., 
 kelchartig,? G., possessing the characters 
 of a calyx. CAI.ICIFORME, adj., calici- 
 formis, kelchformig, exhibiting the fi- 
 gure of a calyx ; as the involucrum of Ane- 
 mone. 
 
 CALICULE, s. m., caliculus, m. L., 
 kelchchen, n. G., little calyx : a term 
 given, in Botany, to one or two bracteae 
 which, in certain flowers, are placed at 
 the external base of the calyx, or to the 
 minute and accessory calyx which, as in 
 Malva, is situated exteriorly to the true 
 one. CALICULE, adj., calyculatus, L., 
 gekelcht, G. : provided with a calicule ; as 
 the calyx, calice calicule, F., of Hibis- 
 cus, and Calluna Erica vulgaris. 
 
 CALIGO, s. f. : a term borrowed from 
 the Latin, which literally signifies dark- 
 ness or mist ; but applied, in Pathology, 
 to designate obscurity of vision, obscur- 
 cissement de la vue, F., visus obscura- 
 tio, oculorum caligo, L., up.&\vtav'iu, otp- 
 fa*.pav o^Xuj, resulting from a speck on 
 the cornea, tache de la corue'e, F., or 
 the speck itself, producing such defect.
 
 CAL 
 
 CALI.EUX, adj., callosus, ruKurof, 
 
 schwielig, harthautig, G., callous : in 
 Surgery, an epithet applied to ulcers, 
 ulceres calleuses, F., with thick and in- 
 hurated edges : in Anatomy, to the broad 
 band of medullary substance, le corps 
 calleux (mesolobe, of Chaussier), l'\, 
 
 ruXulvirvus, of Galen, corpus callosum 
 
 (maxima commissura cei'ebri, Soemmer- 
 ing),L. grosser hirnbalken, hirnschwiele, 
 f. G., which unites the two hemispheres, 
 and covers the middle and lateral ventri- 
 cles, of the brain. 
 
 CALLIPEDIE, s - f., xx/5ra/S/a (xxlo;, 
 beautiful, vraTs, child), callipaedia, f., ars 
 (chimerica) pulchros infantes procreandi, 
 L., die kunst schone kinder zu erhalten, 
 Cr. A curious Latin Poem, on this sub- 
 ject, was published, by Quillet, in 1655. 
 
 CALLOSITE, s. f., callositas, ft I.,., TV- 
 Aa^a, callosity: thickening and indura- 
 tion, durillon, F., of the epidermis 
 See CAL ; also, the induration wlrch oc- 
 curs in old wounds, and around old sores- 
 and fistulae. 
 
 CALME, s. m.: in Pathology, the inter- 
 val which separates the paroxysms of a 
 continued disease, acute or chronic. When 
 the type is intermittent, the term, inter- 
 mission, is substituted for it. CALMAXT, 
 adj., sedans, sedativus, L., tranquilliz- 
 ing, sedative : Ex. Remedes caimans, F., 
 remedia sedantia, L., die schmerzstill- 
 ende mittel, G., sedative remedies. 
 
 CALOMELAS, CALOMEL, s. m., calome- 
 melas, n. (*Xos, beautiful, ^sXa?, black), 
 L., kalomel, n. G.: in Pharmacy, the 
 old name of protochloride of mercury, 
 the muriate, submuriate, of the British 
 Dispensatories, and salzsaures quecksil- 
 beroxydul, quecksilberprotochloriir, of the 
 Germans: a designation singularly apt; 
 since this well-known preparation is per- 
 fectly white. 
 
 CALOEICITE, s. f., caloricitas, f. (color, 
 heat), L., caloricity : in Physiology, the 
 faculty possessed by organized beings en- 
 dowed, with life, of producing and disen- 
 gaging the quantity of caloric necessary 
 For the sustenance of the vital principle. 
 
 CALORIFICATION, s. f.. calorificatio, f. 
 (same, and facere, to make), L. : the fa- 
 culty of producing heat. CALORIFICIUE, 
 adj., calorificus, L., erwarmend, G., 
 calorific : an epithet applied, in Physics, 
 to those rays of light, rayons de lumiere 
 calorifiques, F., which produce heat. 
 
 CALORIMETRE, s. m., calorimetrum, 
 n. L. (a barbarous compound of the Latin, 
 color, heat, with the Greek, fiir^ft, mea- 
 sure), warmemesser, m. G., calorime- 
 ter: an instrument employed to deter- 
 mine the capacity of bodies for caloric, or 
 the quantity of specific caloric contained 
 in any given body. CALORIMETRIE, s. f., 
 
 104 
 
 CAL 
 
 calorimetria, f. L., warmemesserkunst, 
 f. G. : the art of using the calorimeter. 
 
 CALORINESES, s. f,, pi. : in Nosology, 
 the term under which Baumes has pro- 
 posed to class numerous diseases; the 
 characteristic phenomenon of which is a 
 sensible alteration in the quantity of the 
 principle of animal heat. 
 
 CALORIQUE, s. m., caloricum, n. (co- 
 lor, heat) L., warmematerie, f., wiiime- 
 stoff, m. G., caloric: in Physics, the mat- 
 ter of heat. Calorique libre ou rayonnant, 
 specifique, combine ou latent, F., are the 
 terms by which free or radiant , speci- 
 fic , and combined or latent caloric are 
 respectively distinguished. 
 
 CALOSOME, s. fT: a genus of Insects, 
 Calosoma ( Coleopteres, carnassiers, Cuv. ; 
 Carabidce, St.), L. : so named from the 
 brilliancy of their colouring (xaX, beau- 
 tiful, ffupa, body). The principal species, 
 Cal. formerly Carabus sycophanta, an 
 European beetle, discharges from its 
 mouth and anus, a highly acrid and offen- 
 sive fluid which painfully irritates the hu- 
 man eye and tongue, when applied to 
 them ; and excites erysipelatous inflam- 
 mation of any wound into which it may 
 have been introduced. The bite of this 
 animal is consequently dangerous. With 
 others of the Carabidee, it probably formed 
 the celebrated ftovT^tia-Tis, of Greek the 
 Buprestis, of Latin writers : although, by 
 some, it has been contended that the Me- 
 loe proscarabaus, see PROSCARABEE, was 
 the insect thus designated. J.ike this, 
 however, the Calosoma, internally admi- 
 nistered, is said to possess the properties 
 of the Cantharis. By the ancients, it was 
 deemed poisonous, and severe penalties 
 were denounced against its criminal exhi- 
 bition. See Dictionaire des Sciences Medi- 
 cales, v. xxv, p. 290 ; and Cloquet, Faune 
 des Midecins, v. iii, p. 190. 
 
 CALOTTE, s. f., pileolus, m. L., kiipp- 
 chen, n., plattmiitze, f. G., cap or skull- 
 cap : a term applied, in Anatomy, to the 
 superior part of the cranium, calotte du 
 crane, F., calvaria, L. ; and to the ten- 
 dinous expansion, cal. aponeVrotique, 
 of the occipito-frontalis muscle. In Phar- 
 macy, an adhesive (pitch-) plaster for the 
 cure of tinea capitis : in Surgery, a lea- 
 ther-cap employed as a covering for the 
 brain, in cases of loss of bone from acci- 
 dent, caries, or surgical operation. 
 
 CALUS, s. m. See CAL. 
 
 CALVITIE, s. f.. calvities, f. L., $a- 
 
 Kax^erns, kahlheit, f. G., baldness. 
 
 Calv. des paupieres, deficiency, or loss, 
 of the eye-lashes. 
 
 CALUMBE. See COLUMBO. 
 
 CALYCE. See CALICE. 
 
 CALYPTRE, s. f., xaXi/jrr^, calyptra, 
 f. L., haube, miitze, f. L., a cover, lid,
 
 CAM 
 
 or veil : in Botany, the membranous en- 
 velope, saamendecke, die mutze des laub- 
 moosen, G., which crowns the urn of the 
 mosses, and encloses their sporules. See 
 COIFFE. This organ varies greatly in 
 position, figure, colour, and duration. 
 CALYPTRE, adj., calyptratus, L., fur- 
 nished with a calyplra or veil. 
 
 CAMARINE, s. f. ; a genus, in Botany, 
 Empetrum ( Dioecia, triandr. ; EriceceVj, 
 L., die Rauchbeere, Crowberry, con- 
 taining but few species. A sort of lemo- 
 nade is prepared, in Portugal, from the 
 fruit of E. album, there called Camarinhos: 
 and in northern Europe, the berries of E. 
 niarum, formerly Erica baccifera, bru- 
 yere a fruit noire, F. beerheide, G., are 
 commonly eaten, but said to induce head- 
 ach and vertigo. Its leaves are accounted 
 antiscorbutic and diuretic. Hae plantse 
 Empetrum designantur, quia crescunt in 
 montibus et locis sazosis (lv, in, vrirgos, a 
 rock or stone.) 
 
 CAMBIUM, s. m., cambium, n. f cam- 
 lire, to exchange), L.> bildungsaft, m. 
 
 G. : in Physiology, a principle supposed to 
 be elaborated from the blood of animals, 
 and destined to repair the losses, and ac- 
 complish the increase, of the various or- 
 gans. In Botany, a colourless mucilagi- 
 nous fluid, of the consistence of white of 
 egg, formed from the descending sap by 
 an unknown organic process; deposited 
 between the wood and liber of plants ; 
 gradually becoming organized, by the de- 
 velopment of fibres in its interior, and 
 finally assuming the vegetable structure. 
 
 CAMBRURE, s. f., concameratio, f. L,., 
 an arch : the arch-like bending, die 
 bogenformige krummung, G., of a limb. 
 
 CAMS RE, adj , concameratus, bent in 
 
 the form of an arch, bowed. 
 
 CAMISOLE, s. f., kamisol, n. G. : lite- 
 rally, a waistcoat ; but employed, by 
 French writers, as a synonym of gilet de 
 force, a strait-waistcoat, and, incorrectly, 
 of the Latin, inducula, a woman's under- 
 garment. 
 
 CAMOMII.I.E, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Anthemis ( Synyenesia, polygam. superfl. ; 
 CorymbifercB), L., die Kamille, G., Cha- 
 momile, comprehending numerous spe- 
 cies. The two, principally employed in 
 medicine, are the A. nobilis, camomille 
 romaine, ^a^a/^Xov, romische kamille, 
 G., common chamomile ; and A. pyre- 
 thrum, see PYRETHRE. The French 
 
 and Germans have an Infusion in olive-oil, 
 
 Oleum Anthemidis Chamomillse 
 
 Infusum, Aufgegossenes Kamillenol : 
 and the latter, a Distilled Water, Essential 
 Oil, and Extract, Kamillenwasser, 61, 
 und extract, of Chamomile flowers, 
 Kamillenblumen, G. But the officinal 
 Chamomile, of the Germans, appears, 
 
 105 
 
 CAN 
 
 from Schwartze, to be the Matricaria Cha- 
 momilla, die gemeine Kamille, see MA- 
 TRICARIA, of Linnaeus. See, also, Phar- 
 makoloff. Tabellen, v. i., p. 200. 
 
 CAMPECHE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 H&matoxylon ( Decandria, monogyn. ; Le- 
 guminosae), I,., das Campescheholz, G., 
 Logwood. The only species which it 
 contains, a native of the bay of Campeachy, 
 affords an astringent wood, bois de Cam- 
 peche, F., lignum Campechianum, L., 
 which imparts to water, on infusion, a 
 blood-red colour : hence the derivation of 
 the name, Heematoxylon, from the Greek, 
 cupa,, blood, l-uXov, wood, and its German 
 synonym, blutholz. The only German 
 Officinal Preparation of it is an Extract, 
 Campescheholzextract, Extractum Ligni 
 Campechiani. 
 
 CAMPHORATE, s. m., camphoras, m. 
 L. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts result- 
 ing from the combination of camphoric acid 
 with salifiable bases. This acid, acide 
 camphorique, F., acidum camphoricum, L., 
 kamphersaure, m. G., is, itself, a pro- 
 duct of the action of heated nitric acid 
 upon camphor. 
 
 CAMPHRE, s. m., camphora, f. L., 
 kampfer, kampher, m. G. (the kaphur or 
 kamphur, of the Arabs, and XK/^PO^K, of 
 the modern Greeks}, camphor : a well- 
 known odorous and volatile substance, 
 which exists in Dryobalanops, in several 
 species of Laurus, especially L. camphora, 
 in many of the Labiatce, and divers Um- 
 belliferous plants. As a stimulant, its 
 powers have probably been overrated 
 In large doses, it is said to be poisonous 
 The principal Officinal Preparations, 
 French and German, are, a Water, or Ju- 
 lep, Aqua camphorata, Ph. Gall., Kam- 
 pherjulep, G. ; and a Liniment or Oil, Li- 
 
 nimentum camphoratum, Kampherol : 
 
 German, a Vinegar, and Acetic Julep, Kam- 
 pheressig und Kampheressig-Julep ; a 
 Spirit, Kampherspiritus ; an Ammoniated 
 and a Compound Liniment, Fliichtige 
 Kamphersalbe, und Zusammengesetztes 
 Kampherliniment; an Unguent with Ce- 
 ruse, and a Soap-plaster, Gekampherte 
 Bleiweisse Salbe, und Kampherseisen- 
 pflaster. CAMPHRE, adj., camphoratus, 
 gekamphert, camphorated : an epithet 
 applied to any substance or preparation 
 possessing the properties of, or, in its com- 
 position, containing, camphor. 
 
 CAMPHREE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Camphor -osma ( Tetrandria, monogyn. ; A- 
 tripliceei), L. die Kampherpflanze, G.: so 
 named from exhaling the odour of Cam- 
 phor. An aqueous infusion of the princi- 
 pal species, C. monspeliaca, is employed, 
 in the South of France, where it is indi- 
 genous, as a stimulant and diuretic. 
 
 CANAL, s. m., canalis, ductus, m. L.,
 
 CAN 
 
 kanal, gang, m., rohre, f. G. : a term 
 given, in Anatomy to membranous tubes, 
 or perforations in bone, through which va- 
 rious fluids, vessels, nerves, and other or- 
 gans, are transmitted: also, the space des- 
 tined for the lodgment of the tongue be- 
 tween the horizontal branches of the low- 
 er jaw. Canal alimentaire, digestif, in- 
 testinal, F., canalis alimentarius, intes- 
 tinorum, L., Aarmkanal, ernahrungs&o- 
 nal, G., the alimentary or intestinal ca- 
 nal. arteriel, canalis ductus arteri- 
 osus, der Botallische schlagadenjraregr, 
 see ARTERIEL. carotidien ( inflexe 
 de 1'os temporal, Chaussier), canalis ca- 
 
 roticus, der carotische canal: the canal 
 
 which perforates, in a curved direction, 
 the petrous portion ot the temporal bone, 
 and transmits the internal carotid artery, 
 with several nervous filaments. chole- 
 doque, ductus (communis) choledochus. 
 hepato-cysticus, leber-blasencana/, the 
 common biliary (cysto-hepatic) duct; re- 
 sulting from the junction of the hepatic, 
 canal hepatique, ductus hepaticus, le- 
 bergallen#are<7, with the cystic duct, ca- 
 nal cystique, ductus cysticus, gallenbla- 
 sengang, and obliquely perforating the 
 duodenum into which it pours the bile, 
 near the last curvature of that intestine. 
 inlermediaire des ventricules: synon. 
 with A quseductus Sy IviL pancreatiqne, 
 ~-duclus pancreaticus, der bauchspeichel- 
 driisen^awgr, the pancreatic duct, which 
 .ordinarily unites, at an acute angle, with 
 the hepato-cystic, but sometimes opens 
 separately into the duodenum. spiro- 
 'ide du temporal : a name given, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the Aquseductus Fallopii, die 
 wasserleitung des Fallopius, Fallopischer 
 kanal. 
 
 Canaux salivaires, ductus salivares, 
 
 speichel^an^re, salivary ducts: of these, 
 there are principally two one superior, 
 conduit salivaire superieur, canal de Stenon, 
 ductus Stenonis, the excretory duct of 
 the parotid gland, which opens into the 
 cavity of the mouth opposite the interval 
 between the second and third molar teeth 
 of the upper jaw; and an inferior, conduit 
 salivaire inferieure, canal de Wharton, 
 ductus Whartoni, which, originating in the 
 sub-maxillary gland, pours its contents in- 
 to the mouth, close by the frenum linguae. 
 
 demicirculaires, canales semicircu- 
 
 lares, tubaeformes, die halbrunden 
 
 gauge im ohr : the three semicircular ca- 
 nals, in the interior of the petrous portion 
 of the temporal bone, connected with the 
 organ of hearing. Two of them, one su- 
 perior, der obere halbzirkelformige bo- 
 gengang, the other posterior, der hin- 
 tere , are placed vertically ; the third, 
 der aussere, exterior, horizontally. 
 They terminate in the vestibule by five 
 
 106 
 
 CAN 
 
 orifices : one of these orifices being com- 
 mon to two of the canals. For an account 
 of the other canals, see the Articles, DE- 
 FERENT, DENTAIRE, GODRONNE, ME- 
 DULLAIRE, NASAL, RACHIDIEN, Sotis- 
 ORBITAIRE, THORACICIUE, VEINEUX, 
 VERTEBRAL. 
 
 CANARD, s. m. : in Ornithology, a Sec- 
 tion, or Sub-genus, of the extensive Lin- 
 naean genus, Anas , which comprehended 
 the whole Swan-, Goose-, and Duck-tribes ; 
 belonging to the Order Anseres, Linn. ; 
 Palmipedes, Cuv. The ducks alone les 
 canards, anates, L., die enten, G. con- 
 stitute, in modern systems, several dis- 
 tinct genera. By French Naturalists, 
 they are .distinguished into the Canards, 
 properly so called; the Macreuses ; and the 
 Sarcelles. The flesh of all the species, 
 especially the wild duck, le canard sau- 
 vage, F., A. boschas, L. t die wilde ge- 
 meine ente, G., the original source of 
 most of the domesticated varieties, yields 
 a savoury and nutritious article of diet. 
 
 CANCER, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 Crustacea. See CRABE. In Pathology, a 
 morbid affection, cancer, m., carcinoma, 
 n. L., xa,gx,!vos, xagxivufta, krebs, m. G., 
 consisting in the degeneration of the 
 organic structures into an encephaloid or 
 cerebriform matter; the presence of which 
 is ordinarily announced by severe lanci- 
 nating pains, and the abolition of the func- 
 tions of the organ affected with it. CAH- 
 CEREUX, adj., cancrosus, krebsartig, 
 cancerous : relating to cancer : Ex. Ulcere 
 cancireuse, F., krebsgeschwur, G., a can- 
 cerous ulcer. CANCHOIDE, adj., cancroi- 
 des, x..x.ivtulns ? cancer-like, resembling 
 cancer: a term applied, by Alibert, to 
 certain cancerous affections of the skin. 
 
 CANICITLE, s. f., etoile du chien, cani- 
 cula, f., sirius, m. L,, e-iigios, hundsstern, 
 m. G., dog-star : the most brilliant of 
 the fixed stars ; forming part of the con- 
 stellation of Canis major. The dog-days, 
 les jours caniculaires, F., dies caniculares, 
 L., a.1 afi.<fi T'OV trii^iav ti/tigKi, die hunds- 
 
 tage, G., so called because, during their 
 prevalence, the sun rises with the dog-star, 
 were formerly supposed to exercise a 
 powerful influence upon the animal eco- 
 nomy. They extend from July 23rd to 
 August 23rd ; and are usually the hottest 
 of the year. 
 
 CANIN, adj., caninus, L., xwixos, 
 
 hiindisch, G., canine, relating, or exhi- 
 biting any resemblance, to a dog, cam's, 
 L. : in Anatomy, an epithet applied to 
 the cuspidati teeth, dents canines, F., 
 dentescaratwijL., I>K>$OVT{, hundsz&hne, 
 G., in both jaws of man, and certain of 
 the Mammifera ; also, to a slight depres- 
 sion in the superior maxillary bone, fosse 
 canine, fossa canina, from which a small
 
 CAN 
 
 muscle, m. canln (petit sus-maxillo-labi- 
 al, Ch.), levator anguli oris, L., auf he- 
 ber des mundwinkels, G., takes its ori- 
 gin : in Pathology, to an insatiable crav- 
 ing for food, faim canine, appetitus ca- 
 ninus, fyifyt xuvulns, Aunefchunger, see 
 APPETIT, and BOULIMIE ; and to the 
 morbid affection, rage rabies canina, 
 /iMwdswuth, excited by the bite of a ra- 
 bid dog. See HYDROPHOBIE. In Zoolo- 
 gy, the term, Canins, F., Canina, L., is, 
 by some authors, employed as a designa- 
 tion of the Dog-tribe. In Botany, a spe- 
 cies of wild rose, R. sauvage, F., con- 
 stitutes the xvvogdSov, Kvvotrfiei<rt>s, of the 
 Greek, rosa canina, of the Latin, hunds- 
 rose, of the German, and dog-rose, of 
 British writers. 
 
 CANITIE, s. , canities, (canus, 
 
 hoary), L., vroXiarns, greyness of the 
 
 hairs, and especially of the hairs of the 
 head. 
 
 CANNE, s. f. : a term, in French Botany, 
 synonymous with the *vv, xuKupos, of 
 the Greeks, canna, f. L., rohr, n. G., 
 cane. Canne aromatique. See ACORE 
 VHAI. CANNE A SUCRE, CANAMELLE : 
 a genus, in Botany, Saccharum ( Trian- 
 dria, digyn. ; Gramineei), L., das Zucker- 
 rohr, Sugar-Cane. The jointed stem of 
 the principal species, S. officinarum, a na- 
 tive of India, but now extensively intro- 
 duced into Africa and America, is filled 
 with a whitish spongy medulla or pith, 
 from which Sugar, see SUCRE, is ob- 
 tained by very complicated processes. 
 
 CANNEBERGE, s. f. : in Botany, the po- 
 pular name of the Vaccinium oxycoccos, or 
 cranberry, die moosbeere, G., see Ai- 
 BELLE. Its berries have an agreeably 
 acid flavour ; and are largely consumed, 
 as an article of diet, by the northern Eu- 
 ropeans. 
 
 CANNELK, adj., canaliculatus, striatus, 
 
 sulcatus, L gestreift, G., furrowed, 
 
 striated, marked with striae: an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to one of the cerebral 
 ganglions, le corps cannelf. ou strie. (grand 
 ganglion superieur du cerveau, Gall, 
 couche des nerfs ethmoidaux, Ch.), F., 
 corpus striatum, L , gestreifter hirnkor- 
 per, G. : and, by Lieutaud, to the gemi- 
 ni muscles, which he regarded as a sin- 
 
 fle muscle, m. cannele, of the thigh, 
 n Surgery, to a staff, sonde cannelie, F., 
 furnished with a groove, CANNELURE, 
 s. f., F., sulcus, m . L. 
 
 CANNE I.I.E. s. f., xivvaf&ov, xtwtif&aftw 
 probably deiived from the Hebrew, kinne- 
 mon, cinnamomum, n. L., zimmt, m. 
 G., cinnamon : in Materia Medica, the 
 second bark of the young shoots and 
 branches of a Ceylonese species of Laurus, 
 L. cinnamomi. see CANNELLIER; a well- 
 known aromatic and stimulant, extensive- 
 
 107 
 
 CAN 
 
 ly employed in medicine and domestic 
 economy. French and German Officinal 
 Preparations: a Simple distilled Water, 
 Aqua stillatitia de Cinnamomo, Ph. Gall., 
 Einfaches Zimmtwasser, G. ; an Essen- 
 tial Oil, Oleum de Cinnamomo, Zimmt- 
 61; a Syrup, Syrupus de Cinnamomo, 
 Zimmtsyrup; and a Tincture, Tinc- 
 
 tura de Cinnamomo, Zimmttinctur. 
 
 The Germans have, moreover, an Aqua 
 Cinnamomi vinosa, Weiniges Zimmt- 
 wasser ; but an inferior bark, that of the 
 Laurus Sinensis L. Cassia ? which they 
 distinguish by the term, zimmtcassia, Si- 
 nesiscner zimmt, the Cinnamomum Si- 
 nense (cannelie de la Chine) of the Ph. 
 Gall. from the bark Aechter Zimmt, 
 Caneel, of the Laurus cinnamoni, der 
 wahre Zimmtbaum, the real Cinnamon- 
 tree, is employed, by the Germans, in all 
 these preparations. See Schwartze, Phar- 
 makol. Tabellen, v. i, p. 132, 134. 
 
 CANNELLE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Canella (Dodecandria, monogyn. ; Magnoli- 
 aceas), I*. The only species, C. alba, Ca- 
 nelle blanche, F., der weisse Zimmt- 
 baum, G., laurel-leaved Canella, yields 
 the tonic bark, weisse zimmtrinde, G., 
 which has been confounded, by Linnaeus, 
 with that of the Winterana. See WIN- 
 TERANE. The aromatic berry of the Ca- 
 nella is employed as a spice, in America ; 
 and the gum-resin, Afauchi, is said to exude 
 from its trunk and branches. Cannelie 
 fausse : represented, by some French wri- 
 ters, to be the bai k of Laurus Cassia ; by 
 others, the product of Drymis aromatica, 
 or punctuata, under the title of C. poivrie, 
 ou fausse ecorce de Winter, Cortex Win- 
 teranus spurius, L. Cannelie girofiee, 
 cortex caryophyllata, L. : the bark of 
 Myrtus caryophyllata, a South-American 
 tree. 
 
 CANELLIER, s. m. : in Botany, a spe- 
 cies of Laurus, L. cinnamomi, der zimmt- 
 baum, G. ; which grows in Ceylon, and 
 yields the true Cinnamon bark, Cannelie 
 de Ceylan, zimmlrinde. See CANNELLE, 
 and LAURIER. 
 
 CANTHARIDE, s. f. : a genus, in Ento- 
 mology, Cantharis ( Coleopteres, Canthari- 
 dies, Cuv. ; Cantharidce, St.), L., con- 
 taining many species. One of these, C. 
 vesicatoria (Meloe vesicatorius, Linn., Lyt- 
 ta vesicatoria, Fabr.), Cantharide des bou- 
 tiques, F., xew6a.is, kantharide, Spa- 
 
 nische fliege, G., Spanish or blistering 
 fly, a common European beetle, is parti- 
 cularly abundant in Italy and Spain ; and, 
 principally procured, for medicinal pur- 
 poses, from the latter, thence derives its 
 popular designation. Internally adminis- 
 tered, Cantharides, die Kanthariden, G., 
 are tonic, stimulant, and diuretic , exter- 
 nally, epispastic : in large doses, poisonous ;
 
 CAP 
 
 operating specially on the intestinal canal, 
 and the urino-genital organs. See Gme- 
 lin, Allgemeine Geschichte der thierischen 
 Gifte, p. 131 ; Orfila, Lecons de Medecine 
 Leaale, v. iii., p. 210 ; and Beck, Elements 
 of Medical Jurisprudence, by Darwall, p. 
 575. French and German Officinal Prepa- 
 rations : a Tincture, Tinctura de Cantha- 
 ridibus, Ph. Gall., Kantharidentinctur, 
 G. ; a Blistering-plaster, Emplastrum e 
 Cantharidibus, vesicans, Kanthariden- 
 oder Blasenpflaster ; and an Ointment, 
 Adeps Cantharidibus medicatus, Pomatum 
 seu Unguentum Kpispasticum, Kantha- 
 ridensalbe. 
 
 CANTHARIDINE, s. f., cantharidina, f. 
 L., kantharidin, n., kantharine, f. G., 
 cantharidin : a peculiar substance, disco- 
 vered, by llobiquet, in Cantharides ; to 
 which the vesicant properties of these in- 
 sects are attributable. It exists, also, in 
 many other of the Coleoptera. See An- 
 naies de Chimie, v. Ixxvi, p. 302 ; and Or- 
 fila, Traiti des Poisons, v. i, p. 565. 
 
 CANTHUS, s. m., F. and L., niiv6/>s, 
 augenwinkel, m. G., angle or corner of 
 the eye. In Anatomy, tnere are distin- 
 guished a great, internal, or nasal the 
 proper canthus, and a small, external, or 
 temporal canthus. In common language, 
 the angle of a pitcher or other vessel by 
 which the contained fluid is poured out : 
 hence, probably, the term, decanter. 
 
 CANULE, s. f., tubulus, m. L., rbhr- 
 chen, n. G. : a long, commonly cylindri- 
 cal, and hollow instrument, straight or 
 curved, open at both ends, and employed 
 in various surgical operations. The ca- 
 nula, as it is termed in British Surgery, is 
 usually made of silver; sometimes, of 
 other metal, elastic gum, wood, or paste- 
 board. When employed in fixing liga- 
 tures, it is distinguished, in French, by 
 the term, porte-nceud or serre-neeud. 
 
 CAOUTCHOUC, s. m., gummi elasti- 
 
 cum, Li., federharz, n. G., elastic gum : 
 a solid and highly elastic substance which 
 forms in the milky juice of divers South- 
 American trees, as the Jatropha elastica, 
 Hcevea Guiqnensis, Ficus Indica, and Arto- 
 carpus integrifolia, on exposure to the 
 atmosphere. The gomme elastique of com- 
 merce acquires a black colour from the ac- 
 tion of smoke to which it is subjected by 
 the Indians. It swells and softens on im- 
 mersion in boiling water ; and is then 
 soluble in rectified ether and the volatile 
 oils. It is employed in the construction 
 of various chirurgical instruments. 
 
 CAPACITE, s. f., capacitas, f. I,., capa- 
 city, aptitude for containing : the relation 
 existing between a cavity and the body 
 which it does, or may, contain: sometimes, 
 but incorrectly, employed, by the French, 
 as a synonym of Cavite, . 
 
 108 
 
 CAP 
 
 CAPELINE, s. f., capistrum, n. L. : a 
 
 bandage resembling, in figure, a hood 
 
 There are several varieties ; as Capeline 
 de la tete, bonnet a deux globes, d'Hip- 
 pocrate, a bandage for the head, said to have 
 been invented by Hippocrates ; de la cla- 
 vicule, employed in fractures of the cla- 
 vicle and scapula; pour amputation du 
 bras et de la cuisse, in amputations of 
 the arm and thigh. See BANDAGE. 
 
 CAPILLAIRE, s. m. : a designation, in 
 old works upon Materia Medica, of seve- 
 ral species of Fern employed in medicine, 
 and especially those belonging to the ge- 
 nus Adiantum, See ADIANTE. One of 
 the species, A. pedatum, capillaire du Ca- 
 nada, is ordinarily used in preparing the 
 well-known syrup, Capilaire, Sirop de 
 Capillaire, F., der Frauenhaarsyrup, G. 
 
 CAPILLAIRE, CAPILLACE, adj., capil- 
 laris, capillaceus ( capillus, a hair), I,.. 
 <rgi%&dr,s, haarfein, haarformig, G., ca- 
 pillary, hair-like : resembling, in figure 
 and tenuity, a hair : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to the minute vessels, les 
 vaisseaux capillaires, F., which connect 
 the final ramifications of the arteries with 
 the radicles of the veins, and constitute, 
 altogether, the capillary system, systeme 
 capillaire. Two of these systems, general 
 and pulmonary, are distinguished by Bi- 
 chat. In Surgical Pathology, a species of 
 cranial fracture, fente capillaire, F., 
 
 rima capillarls, L., exhibiting a mere 
 
 linear fissure, without separation of the 
 bone. To this lesion the term, CAPILLA- 
 TION, s. f., is also applied, in French. 
 
 In Botany, those parts and organs of 
 plants, which, in their minuteness of divi- 
 sion, delicacy, and flexibility, resemble 
 hairs, are distinguished by this epithet ; 
 as the root, racine capillaire, F., of An- 
 thoxanthum odoratum ; the stem, tige of 
 Scirpus capillaris ; the leaves, feuilles 
 of Asparagus tenuifolia ; the style, of Cu- 
 cubalus bacciferus ; and the filament, filet 
 d'e'tamine, of the Graminece. 
 
 CAPILLARITE, s. f., capillaritas, f. L., 
 haarrohrchenanziehung, f. G., capilla- 
 rity : in Physics, the power on which the 
 phenomena of capillary attraction are de- 
 pendent. 
 
 CAPISTRATION, s. f. See PHYMOSIS. 
 
 CAPISTRE, s. m. : a bandage for the 
 head. See CAPELINE. Also, a term 
 whereby Vogel has designated the tetanic 
 rigidity of the levator muscles of the low- 
 er jaw, ordinarily named Trismus. See 
 TRISME. 
 
 CAPITE, adj., capitatus, capitiformis 
 Ccaput, the head), L., xi(f>a.>.uTos, kopf- 
 tragend, kopff ormig, beknopft, G., head- 
 ed : exhibiting the figure of, or expanded 
 into, a head at the summit ; as, among 
 plants, the filament, filet capite, F., of
 
 CAP 
 
 DiLtamnus albus : applied, also, as a speci- 
 fic designation, to plants, the flowers of 
 which, like those or Blitum capilatum, are 
 disposed in heads. In Zoology, to certain 
 animals distinguished, as Coluber capitalus, 
 by the large volume of the head ; or pos- 
 sessing a head different in colour from the 
 body, as Apis capitata. 
 
 CAPITILUVE, s. m., capitiluvium, n. 
 (caput, the head, lavare, to wash), L., 
 kopfbad, n. G., a bath for the head. 
 See BAIN. 
 
 CAPITULE, s. m., capitulum, n. (di- 
 min. of caput), L., xs<paA<j, kbpfchen, 
 n. G., a little head : in Botany, an as- 
 semblage of flowers so closely set on the 
 dilated summit of the peduncle, as to ex- 
 hibit, at a distance, the aspect of one flow- 
 er. CAPITULE, adj., capitulatus, klein- 
 ko'pfig, capitulate: arranged in the form 
 of a little head ; as the flowers, Fleurs 
 capilulees, of Cephalanthus, and of Mime- 
 tcs capitulala. 
 
 CAPREOLAIRE, adj., capreolaris (ca- 
 preolus, the tendril of a vine), L. The 
 spermatic vessels, die samengefasse, G., 
 have, by some French anatomists, been 
 named Vaisseaux capreolaires, from the 
 numerous windings which they describe 
 in their course to the testicle. 
 
 CAPRICORNF, s. in.: a genus, in Ento- 
 mology, Cerambyx (Coleoptera, ,rylophayi, 
 Cuv.,Cerambycid(e, St.), L. The species 
 composing it, are distinguished by the ex- 
 traordinary length of their antennae 
 The larva of the C. heros, le grand capri- 
 corne, F., which feeds upon the oak, ap- 
 pears to have been the celebrated Cossvs 
 of Roman Epicures ; and another splendid 
 and finely scented species, C. moschalus, 
 capr. vert a odeur de rose, has been pro- 
 posed as a substitute for the Cantharis. 
 
 CAPRIEH, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Capparis ( Polyandria, monogyn. ; Cappa- 
 ridete}, L , der Kaperbaum, die Kaper- 
 staude, G., Caper-tree, containing nu- 
 merous species. The common Caper- 
 tree, C. spiuosa, le caprier ordinaire, 
 xuvvagt;, from the Arabic, Kabar, is 
 indigenous in Southern Europe. Its root 
 constitutes one of the five minor aperi- 
 tive roots of the ancients ; and its flower- 
 buds, preserved in vinegar, are the well- 
 known pickle, called capers, les capres, 
 F. Another species, see BADUKKA, 
 is employed, in medicine, by the Malaba- 
 rese : and the C. mithridatica, a native 
 of Arabia, is eulogized, by Forskael, as an 
 antidote to the bite of venomous serpents. 
 
 CAPRIFOLIACEES, CAPRIFOLEES, s. f. 
 pi., Capnfoliacece, L. : in Botany, a fa- 
 mily of dicotyledonous monopetalous 
 plants ; which has for its type, the genus, 
 Caprifolium. 
 
 CAPSULAIRE, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus 
 
 109 
 
 CAP 
 
 ot Intestinal Worms, Capsularia, L., es- 
 tablished by Zeder. The term has been 
 applied, by Cuvier, to a genus of Zoo- 
 phytes ; the species of which inhabit the 
 fuci of the coasts of England. 
 
 CAFSUI.AIRE, adj., capsularis, L., 
 
 kapselartig, kapselformig, G., capsular. 
 In Anatomy, the fibrous capsules which 
 surround the hip- and shoulder-joints, 
 articulations coxo-femorale et scapulo-hu- 
 meVale, F., are sometimes named liga- 
 ments capsulaires, kapselbilnAe, G. ; and 
 the vessels of the renal capsule (les vais 
 seaux surrenaux, nierenblutadern), ar- 
 teres et veines capsulaires. Capsulaire du 
 tendon de Fobturateur interne : a name 
 given, by Portal, to the gemini muscles, 
 les jumeaux, F., die zwillingmuskeln, 
 G., of the thigh. In Botany, a simple 
 and dry fruit, which opens at maturity, is 
 termed fruit capsulaire, F., fructus cap- 
 sularis, L. : and the epithet is applied, as 
 a specific designation, to certain plants 
 distinguished, like Corchorus capsularis, 
 from the other species of the genus, by 
 the peculiar figure of their capsules. 
 
 CAPSULE, s. , capsula, f. (xa^u, a 
 coffer or box), L., Kapsel, f. G. The 
 term, capsule, is employed, in Anatomy, 
 to designate the membranous and fibrous 
 
 sacs, Capsules articulaires, fibreuses, 
 
 F., capsutce articulares, fibrosae, I,., 
 which envelope certain articulations, as 
 those of the hip and shoulder. They are 
 imbedded in cellular tissue ; strengthened 
 externally by tendinous fibres from the 
 adjacent muscles ; and lined internally by 
 the synovial membranes, capsules syno- 
 viales, F., capsula synoviales, L. The 
 same designation is, also, applied to the 
 membranes investing other parts and or- 
 gans ; as the capsule of the crystalline, c. 
 du crystallin, capsula cristallina, L., die 
 kapsel der kristalllinse, G. ; of Glisson, 
 c. de Glisson, capsula Glissonis, die 
 gallenscheide ; the renal capsules, c. sur- 
 
 renales, atrabilaires, capsulce suprare- 
 
 nales, atrabiliares, die nebennieren. 
 The pericardium has, also, been named, by 
 Paracelsus, capsula cordis, L., capsule 
 du cceur, F. ; and the vesiculae seminales, 
 by some authors, capsula seminales, c. 
 seminales, F. 
 
 In Chemistry, a vessel of porcelain or 
 platina, for the evaporation of different 
 fluids. In Botany, a variety of pericarp, 
 samenkapsel, G. Respecting the pre- 
 cise application of this term, there are 
 great diversities of opinion. The figure 
 and the mode of opening of the capsule 
 varies considerably in different plants. 
 
 CAPUCHON, s. in., cucullus, m. L.., 
 kutte, f. G., cowl or hood : a term some- 
 times applied, in Anatomy, to the Trape- 
 zius muscle, see TRAPSZE : in Botany,
 
 CAR 
 
 bj Linke, to a particular dilatation, sty- 
 lostegium, n. L., kappe, G., of the 
 filaments of certain plants, which, as in 
 Asclepias Syriaca, covers the ovary like a 
 cowl. CAPUCHONNE, adj., cucullatus, 
 kappenformig, hooded: an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Zoology and Botany, to objects 
 exhibiting the aspect or figure of a cowl or 
 hood ; as the head of a species of Basilisk, 
 Bos. cucullatus, and the petals, pe- 
 tales capuchonnees, of Aquilegia vulgaris. 
 
 CAQUE-SANGUE, s. f. (cacare, to go to 
 stool, sanguls, blood), discharge of blood 
 from the bowels : an antiquated French 
 term, synon. with DYSENTKRIE. 
 
 CARABIENS, CARABIQUES, s. m., and 
 adj., pi., Carabici, Carabidce, L. : a name 
 whereby Carus, Cuvier, Latreille, and 
 Leach, designate a tribe of Coleopterous 
 Insects, which has for its type, the genus, 
 Carabus, Carabe,F., KapuSos, Laufka- 
 fer, G. Some species of tnis genus, as C. 
 ferrugineus and chrysocephalus, were for- 
 merly employed to relieve tooth-ach. 
 Others have been recommended as substi- 
 tutes for Cantharidcs. 
 
 CARACTERE, s. m., ^^axr^, charac- 
 ter, n. L., kennzeichen, merkmal, n. G., 
 character, mark, sign : a term employed 
 in various acceptations. In Natural His- 
 tory, it expresses the principal traits 
 which distinguish an object or phenome- 
 non from all others. In Pathology, it is 
 sometimes employed as synonymous with 
 essence ; when a disease is said to assume 
 a malignant character: or it represents 
 various phenomena of which an enumera- 
 tion would be tedious ; as when the pre- 
 valent diseases are said to exhibit an in- 
 flammatory character. Lastly, in Psycho- 
 logy, it expresses the moral physiognomy 
 of* an individual, by which, as regards the 
 intellect and passions, he is distinguished 
 from all around him. CARACTERISTIQUE, 
 adj., xaamKrnonrriKo;, characteristicus, 
 
 charakteristisch, characteristic, that 
 
 which characterizes, or serves to distin- 
 guish: an epithet applied, in Pathology, 
 to the essential or distinguishing symp- 
 toms, les signes caracteristiques, F., of 
 diseases. CARACTERISER, v. a., graphice 
 depingere,delineare, charakterisiren, to 
 characterize, or depict the essential quali- 
 ties of an object. 
 
 CARAMEL, s. m., saccharum percoc- 
 tum, L., braungekochter zucker, G.: su- 
 gar partly decomposed by the action of 
 fire. 
 
 CARAPACE, s. m., clypeus, m., testa, f. 
 L. : in Zoology, the unyielding and com- 
 monly osseous vault or shell which pro- 
 tects the body of Chelonian Reptiles, 
 oberste schale der schildkrb'ten, G. ; com- 
 posed of the dorsal and lumbar vertebrae, 
 the sacrum and eight ribs, intimately uni- 
 
 110 
 
 CAR 
 
 ted by synarthrosis. The term is, also, 
 applied to the superior surface of the 
 Crustacea ; when consisting of one piece. 
 
 CARAQUE, s. m. : a superior sort of co- 
 coa, imported from the Caraccas. 
 
 CARBONATE, s. m., carbonas, m. L. : 
 in Chemistry, a genus of salts, kohlen- 
 saure salze, G., resulting from the com- 
 bination of carbonic acid, acide carbonique, 
 F., acidum carbonic-urn, L., die kohlen- 
 saure, G., with salifiable bases. When, 
 as ordinarily happens, there is an excess 
 of base, the compound is in a state of sub- 
 carbonate, and termed a sub-salt, sous- 
 sel, F. The following are the principal 
 carbonates and sub-carbonates employed in 
 
 medicine : Carbonate et sous-carbonate 
 
 d'ammoniaque, F., carbonas et sub-car- 
 bonas ammonise, L., basisches kohlen- 
 saures und kohlensaures oder carbon- 
 saures ammoniak, G. ; Sous-carbonate de 
 chaux, carbonas sub-carbonas calcis, 
 kohlensaure kalkerde ; de fer, sub-car- 
 bonas ferri, kohlensaures eisen; Carbon. 
 et sous-carbon, de magnesie, carbonas 
 
 sub-carbonas magnesiae, kohlensaure 
 
 talk-oder bittererde; Sub-carbon, de plomb, 
 
 sub-carbonas plumbi. kohlensaures 
 
 blei, carbonsaures bleioxyd ; Carbon, et 
 sous-carbon, de polasse, de soude, carbo- 
 nas et sub-carbonas potassae, sodse, ba- 
 sisches und neutrales kohlensaures kali, 
 natrum. 
 
 CARBONE, s. m., carbonium, n. L., 
 kohlenstofF, m. G., carbon : an elemen- 
 tary body extensively diffused through 
 nature, either in a state of purity, as in 
 the diamond, or of combination with other 
 bodies, animal, vegetable, mineral or gase- 
 ous. CARBONE, adj., carbonatus, car- 
 bonated, containing carbon; as the carbon- 
 ated, or carburetted hydrogen gas, gas h\-- 
 drogene carbone ou carburi, AroAfenwasser- 
 stoftgas, G. CARBONEUX, adj., carbon- 
 osus, carbonous. Doebereiner has pro- 
 posed to give the name of carbonous acid, 
 acide carboneux, F., kohlige saure, G., 
 to the oxalic acid ; as it contains less car- 
 bon than the carbonic. 
 
 CARBONIQUE, adj., carbonicus, L., 
 
 carbonic : in Chemistry, an epithet appli- 
 ed to two different compounds of carbon 
 and oxygen; the one, iarbonic oxyd, 
 oxide ou gaz carbonique, F., kohlenoxyd- 
 gas, G. ; the other, carbonic acid. See 
 CARBONATE. 
 
 CARBONISATION, a. f., carbonisatio, f, 
 L. : the conversion of animal or vegeta- 
 ble substances into carbon. CAHBONISER, 
 v. a., to carbonize. 
 
 CARBONITE, s. m., carbonis, m. L. : a 
 designation which would be assumed by 
 the oxalates, if that of carbonous were a- 
 dopted for the oxalic acid. 
 
 CARBURE, s. m., carburettim, n. L.,
 
 CAll 
 
 carburet : the combination of carbon with 
 a simple body. CARBURE', adj. Synoti. 
 with CARBONE. 
 
 CARCINOME, s. m. : a term, in Patholo- 
 gy, commonly regarded as synonymous 
 with CANCER; and the adj., CARCINOMA- 
 
 TEUX, krebsartig, G., with^CANCE- 
 
 REUX. By some authors, however, the 
 designation, Carcinoma, is restricted to 
 incipient cancer ; by others, to the ence- 
 phaloid form of the disease. 
 
 CAKDAMOME, s. m. : a name, in Materia 
 Medica, applied to the fruit of several 
 species of Amomum, and especially to that 
 of A. racemosum (A. cardamomum, L.?), 
 amome a grappe, F., xufda.^/*., karda- 
 mom, n. G. Of the seeds, semina Carda- 
 momi, L., die kardamomen, G., which 
 are aromatic and excitant, the Germans 
 have a Tincture, Kardamomentinctur. 
 
 CARDIA, s. m. : in Anatomy, the supe- 
 rior or aesophageal orifice of the stomach, 
 orifice supeYieur de 1'estomac, F., ori- 
 ficium ventriculi superius, L., ra ar'apa. 
 r*s yaffr^o;, der obere magenmund, G. ; 
 so called from its vicinity, in situation, to 
 the heart, xafiix. 
 
 CARDI^TAPIE, s. f., cardiaetapis, f. 
 L. : the term applied, by Alibert, to en- 
 largement of the volume of the heart : and 
 forming the 7th genus of the Angioses, in 
 his Nosologie Naturelle. 
 
 CAHDIAGRAPHIE, s. f., cardiagraphia, 
 f. (xK$!a,, the heart, yan^a, I describe), 
 Li , die beschreibimy des herzens, G., 
 cardiography : in Anatomy, a description 
 of the heart. 
 
 CARDIAIRE, adj., cardiarius, L. : an e- 
 pithet applied, by some helminthologists, 
 to worms said to have been discovered in 
 the heart and pericardium. 
 
 CARDIALGIE, s. f., xa^S/aAy/a (?/, 
 and HXyos, pain), cardialgia, f. L., kar- 
 dialgie, f., magenschmerz, m. G. : in Pa- 
 thology, pain in the epigastric region, ordi- 
 narily referred to the cardia, or cesopha- 
 geal orifice of the stomach ; also, heart- 
 burn. CARDIALGIQUE, adj., xa^/aXy*- 
 xos, cardialgieus, cardialgic, pertaining 
 , subject to or inducing cardialgia. 
 
 CARDIALOGIE, s. f., cardialogia, f. (xa^- 
 $/, and Xoyas , discourse), L., kardialogie, 
 f. G. ? a Discourse, or Treatise, on the 
 Heart. 
 
 CARDIANASTROPHIE, s. , cardianas- 
 trophia, f. (same, and va<rTga<pj, inver- 
 sion), L., fehlerhafte lage des herzens, G., 
 transposition of the heart. 
 
 CARDIAQUE, adj., xa$ixos, cardia- 
 cus, L., cardiac, belonging to the heart, 
 ,zum herzen gehorig, G., or cardia : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to the blood- 
 vessels and nerves which are distributed 
 on the heart, as the cardiac arteries and 
 veins, arteres -et veines cardiaques, 
 
 111 
 
 CAlt 
 
 see COROVAIRE, and the nerves, nerfs 
 cardiaques, which, originating from the 
 cervical ganglia, unite to form, between 
 the arch ot the aorta and the bifurcation 
 
 of the bronchia, the cardiac plexus, pi. 
 
 ou ganglion cardiaque; also, to parts of the 
 stomach connected with the cardia, as ori- 
 fice cardiaque de Testomac, see CARDIA ; 
 and the vessels, vaisseaux cardiaques, 
 by which that orifice is surrounded. In 
 Pathology, to a painful affection, passion 
 cardiaque, F., XK^IKXYI (voros, understood), 
 passio cardiaca, JL., commonly referred 
 to the cardia, and synon. with CARDIAL- 
 GIE. In Materia Medica, to remedies, 
 remedes cardiaques, xafiiaxa, remedia 
 cardiaca, L., die herzst'drkende mittel, G., 
 which exercise a cordial and invigorat- 
 ing influence upon the system. 
 
 CAHDIATOMIE, s. f., cardiatomia, f. 
 (xufiia, the heart, rife.ua, I cut), L., dis- 
 section of the heart, cardiotomy. 
 
 CARDIEURYSME, s. f., cardieurysma, 
 n. (same, and ivguw, 1 dilate), I.,., morbid 
 dilatation of the heart. 
 
 CARDIHELCOSE, s. m., cardielcosis, f. 
 (same, and 'l^xaris, suppuration), L.., 
 geschwur am herzen, G., suppuration of 
 the heart. 
 
 CARDIOCELE, s. f., cardiocele, f. (same, 
 and *4jA, hernia), L., herzbrueh, m. G., 
 hernia of the heart. 
 
 CARDIOGME, s. m., cardiogmus, m. 
 L. : a term of obscure Greek origin, em- 
 ployed, by Hippocrates, as synonymous 
 with CARDIALGIA ; subsequently, as desig- 
 native of palpitations of the heart, and 
 obscure aneurisms of that organ and the 
 larger blood-vessels. 
 
 CARDIOPALME, CARDIOPAI.MIE, s. f., 
 cardiopalmus, m. (xafi'ia, the heart, *TX- 
 pos, pulsation), L., herzklopfen, n. G. 
 palpitation of the heart ; forming the 1st 
 genus of the Angioses, in the Nosologie 
 Naturelle, of Alibert, 
 
 CARDIOPATHIE, s. f., cardiopathia, f. 
 (same, and vu,6i>s, disease), eine krank- 
 heit des herzens, G., disease of the heart. 
 
 CARDIORHEXIE, s. f., cardiorrhexis, f. 
 (same, and p%<s, rupture), L., die zer- 
 reissung des herzens, G., rupture of the 
 heart, 
 
 CARDIPERICARDITE, s. f., cardipericar- 
 ditis, f. (same, and vrtgixafiuv, the pericar- 
 dium), Li., die entzundung des herzens 
 und des herzbeutels, G., simultaneous in* 
 flammation of the heart and pericardium. 
 
 CARDITE, s. f., carditis, f. (same), L. t 
 die entzundung des herzens, herzenent- 
 ziindung, G., inflammation of the heart. 
 
 CAREBARIE, S. f., x.a.er,Zaoia. (xei^ri, the 
 
 head, Sa^s, weight), carebaria, r. L., ein 
 driickender kopfschmerz, G., headache, ac- 
 companied by a sense of weight. 
 
 OABKNE, a. f., carina, f. L., kiel, m.
 
 CAR 
 
 G., keel : a term applied, in Botany, to 
 the two inferior petals of papilionaceous 
 flowers ; which are ordinarily united by 
 their lower border so as to resemble the 
 keel of a ship. CARENE, adj., carinatus, 
 kielformig, gekielt, keeled, exhibiting 
 the figure of a ship's keel ; as the leaf, 
 feuille carinee, F., of Stellaria holostea ; 
 the calyx, calice carene, of Lysi/mthus 
 carinatus; and the stipules, stip. carinees, 
 of Pelargonium carinatum. 
 
 CARIE, s. f., caries, f. L., beinfrass, 
 m. G. : in Animal Pathology, ulceration 
 of bone : in Vegetable Pathology, a con- 
 tagious disease, caused by a parasitical 
 fungus of the genus, Uredo ; and most 
 commonly affecting wheat. CARIE, CA- 
 RIE ux, cariosu s, ausgefressen, cari- 
 ous : affected with, relating to, or kept up 
 by, caries: Exs. Os cane, F., a carious 
 bone; ulcere carieux, an ulcer caused by 
 caries. CARIE R (se), v. r., carie infici, 
 to be affected with caries. 
 
 CARMINATIF, adj., carminans, carmi- 
 nativus (carmen, a charm), L., blahung- 
 enzertheilend, G., carminative : a term 
 applied, in Materia Medica, to remedies, 
 principally aromatic substances, reme- 
 des carminatifs, F., remedia carminntiva, 
 L., die bl'dhungentreibende mittel, G., 
 which dispel intestinal flatus. They have 
 acquired this epithet from the charm-like 
 promptitude with which they operate. 
 
 CARNASSIERS, s. m., pi., Carnarii (caro, 
 flesh), L. : a term applied, in Zoology, to 
 a family of Mammiferous Animals, which 
 feed upon flesh. See CREOPHAGES. 
 
 CARVIFICATION, s. f., carniticatio, f. 
 (same, andfleri, to become), L., verHeisch- 
 ung. f. G., in Pathology, a form of mor- 
 bid alteration in which certain organs as- 
 sume the appearance of transformation into 
 flesh: Ex. Cam. des poumons, F., pul- 
 monum carnificatio, L., that condition of 
 the pulmonary organ which is more cor- 
 rectly expressed by the term, hepatisation. 
 F. Osteo-sarcoma may, also, be regarded 
 as a real carnification of the bones, earn. 
 des os, F., verfleischung der knochen, G. 
 CARNIFIE, adj., in carnem conversus, 
 carnified, converted into flesh. 
 
 CARNIVORE, adj., carnivorous (caro, 
 flesh, vorare, to devour), L., fleischfres- 
 send, G., carnivorous. In its zoological 
 application, the term, Carnivores, r., 
 carnivora, I,., is synonymous with CAR- 
 NASSIERS. In Surgery, the epithet is ap- 
 plied to those caustic substances which 
 are destined to destroy the fungous ex- 
 crescences of wounds and ulcers. 
 
 CARNOSITE, s. f., carnositas, f. (caro), 
 L., fleischauswuchs, m. G., carnosity, 
 a fleshy excrescence : a term, in Patholo- 
 gy, for fungous or cellular vegetations, 
 Formerly regarded as the consequence of 
 
 112 
 
 CAR 
 
 gonorrhoea and the frequent cause of re- 
 tention of urine ; but proved, by modern 
 pathological researches, to be of rare oc- 
 currence in the urethra. Cam. veneri- 
 enne : according to Cullerier, a cutaneous 
 cellular and membranous tumour, of sy- 
 philitic origin. 
 
 CAROXCULE, s. f., caruncula, f. (dimin. 
 of caro), I,., carunkel, fleischwarze, f. 
 G., caruncle : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, to different objects ; as, 1. to a red- 
 dish eminence situated in the nasal angle 
 of the eye, car. lacrymale, F., caruncula 
 lacrymaliSjL., thranenhiigel, m.,thranen- 
 carunkel, G., formed by a fold of the 
 conjunctiva, and containing several mu- 
 cous follicles, and the bulbs of divers deli- 
 cate hairs, the inordinate growth of which 
 constitutes Trichiasis of the lachrymal ca- 
 runcle : 2. to an eminence within the ure- 
 thra, car. de 1'uretre, car. urethrae viri- 
 
 lis, caput gallinaginis, schnepfenkopf, 
 
 see VEHU MONTANUM : 3. to small coni- 
 cal eminences of the kidney, car. papil- 
 laires, mammelons, car. papillares, papil- 
 lae renales, nieren warzen, Malpighische 
 pyramiden, from which the urine is dis- 
 tilled into the calyces : 4. to minute red- 
 dish tubercles, varying in form and num- 
 ber, cur. myrtiformes, F. and L., nfyr- 
 tiformige warzen, G., which, situated" at 
 the orifice of the female vagina, are re- 
 garded as the relics of the ruptured hy- 
 men. In Zoology, the soft fleshy excres- 
 cence, destitute of feathers, which adorns 
 the head, nape, eye-brows, throat, angles 
 of the mouth, and base of the beak, of cer- 
 tain birds. In Botany, an enlargement 
 on the surface of certain seeds, strophio- 
 lum, n., spongiola seminalis, f. L., keim- 
 warze, f. G., which, as in Phaseolus vul- 
 garis, and man}' of the Leguminosce, sur- 
 rounds the hilus. CARONCULE, CARON- 
 
 CULEUX, adj carunculatus, carunculo- 
 
 sus, Li., provided with a caruncle, carun- 
 culated ; as, in Zoology, the Sturnus carun- 
 culatus : or caused by caruncles, caruncu- 
 lose ; as retention d'urine caronculeuse, F., 
 the retention of urine supposed to arise 
 from caruncles in the urethra. 
 
 CAROTIDAL, adj. See CAROTIDIEN. 
 
 CAROTIDE, s. f., and adj. : a term deriv- 
 ed from the Greek substantive, *?, 
 drowsiness or stupor ; and applied, in A- 
 natomy, to the two principal blood-ves- 
 sels,^-les arteres carotides, F., xagurtiis, 
 arterise curolides, L,., die karotiden, die 
 kopfschlagadern, G., which convey the 
 blood from the heart to the head ; so de- 
 signated because they were regarded, 
 by the ancients, as the cause of stupor. 
 The two common or primitive carotid ar- 
 teries, les art. carotides primitives (ce'pha- 
 liques, Ch.), arise from the arch of the 
 aorta, the right, in a ti'unk common to it
 
 CAR 
 
 and the corresponding subclavian ; and 
 divide, behind the digastric muscle, into 
 two branches : the external carotid, caro- 
 tlde externe (facial, Ch.), arteria carotis 
 externa, facialis, die aussere kopfarte- 
 rie ; and the internal, interne (art. cere'- 
 brale ante'rieure, Ch.), art. carotis inter- 
 
 na, cerebralis, innere kopfarterie, ge- 
 
 hirnschlagader : the former supplying with 
 its branches, the thyroid gland, tongue, 
 face, and exterior of the cranium ; the 
 latter, the eye-ball with its appendages, 
 and the encephalon. 
 
 CAROTIDIEN, adj., carotideus, L., 
 
 carotid, relating to the carotid arteries ; as 
 canal carotidien, F., see CANAL ; and its 
 two orifices, le trou carotidien externe et 
 interne, foramen caroticum externum et 
 internum, L. 
 
 CAKOTICJUE, adj., xa^anxog, caroti- 
 
 cus, L., carotisch, G., carotic, causing 
 heavy sleep or stupor : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to the carotid arteries, / 
 
 xagtunxKi a^ri^'ia.!, See CAROTJDE : ill Pa- 
 
 thology, to a morbid condition of the 
 brain, itat carotique, or profound drow- 
 siness, sommeil carotique, nearly ap- 
 proaching, in character, 10 Cams. 
 
 CAROTTE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Daucus ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbellife- 
 rae), L., die Mohre, G., Carrot. The 
 root of the common species, D. carota, 
 of which the garden-carrot is only a vari- 
 ety, la carotte commune, F., gelbe rube, 
 G., xagurov, yields a wholesome and a- 
 greeable aliment : and the pulp forms an 
 useful cataplasm, when time has been al- 
 , lowed for the establishment of the vinous 
 fermentation. The seeds, like those of 
 almost all the Umbelliferas, are stimulant. 
 A fragrant t^tm-resin exudes from the 
 stem of the D. gummifera, la car. yammi- 
 fei-e, a native of southern Europe. 
 
 CARPE, s. in., xaa-fos, carpus, m. L., 
 handwurzel, f. G. : in Anatomy, that 
 portion of the thoracic extremity of ver- 
 tebrated animals which intervenes be- 
 tween the fore-arm and hand. The hu- 
 man wrist, poignet, F., is composed of 
 eight small bones, handwurzelknochen, 
 G., distributed into two rows, constat 
 ex ossiculis octo in duos ordines distribu- 
 tis. In primo vel superiore, sunt os navi- 
 culare vel scaphoides, L., le scapho'ide, 
 F., habnbein, G. ; semilunare, semi-lu- 
 
 naire, mondbein ; cuneiforme, trique- 
 
 trum, cuneiforme, dreiseitiges bein ; pi- 
 
 siforme, subrotundum, pisiforme, erb- 
 
 senbein. In altero vel inferiore, sunt os tra- 
 pezium, trapeze, grosses vieleckiges , 
 et trapezoides, trapezo'ide, kleines viel- 
 eckiges bein ; magnum, le grand os, 
 kopf bein ; et unciforme, Yos crochu, 
 hackenbein. Per primum, cubitus inanui 
 connectitur : secundus cum metacarpo 
 
 113 
 
 CAIl 
 
 conjungitur. In Zoology, the first joint 
 of the claw of the Crustacea ; and the 
 thickened portion of the external border 
 of the wing of Insects : because, in them, 
 according to Jurine, it is situated at the 
 termination of the fore-arm. 
 
 CARPE, s. f. : in Ichthyology, a species 
 of the genus, Cyprinus ( Malacopterygiens, 
 Abdomin. Cuv.), see CYPRIN; and con- 
 stituting its type. The common river- 
 carp, C. carpio, la carpe vulgaire, F., 
 x.uv(ivos, so called from its extraordinary 
 fecundity and consequent dedication to 
 Venus, der karpfen, G., long natura- 
 lized in western Europe, sometimes at- 
 tains, in its native haunts, a very large 
 size and advanced longevity. Its flesh, 
 much valued as an article of diet, is said 
 to be greatly improved by castration 
 The roe, laitance, F.,^of the male is 
 highly nutritive, and, from the phospho- 
 rus which it contains, excitant : it is made 
 into caviar for the Jews of Constantinople, 
 whose religious scruples prevent them 
 from eating that of the sturgeon. The 
 cartilaginous piece, connected with the 
 pharyngeal teeth in mastication, and er- 
 roneously termed lan;/ue ou palais de 
 carpe, F., is accounted a great delicacy, 
 by the epicure. Many medicinal virtues 
 were formerly ascribed to the carjo-stone, 
 pierre de carpe, F., lapillus carpionis, 
 L., karpfenstein, G., the bony emi- 
 nence situated deep within the palate ; as 
 well as to the two osseous concretions, 
 which constitute the organs of hearing, 
 osselets de Voreille, F., of the fish. The 
 carp is a delicate animal, and subject to 
 various diseases ; as ulceration of the li- 
 ver, and a cutaneous affection of the 
 head and back which attacks the young 
 
 fish, le Carpillon, F., when kept in 
 
 snow-water, as frequently as the old. It 
 is also infested by several species of intes- 
 tinal worm ; especially the Distoma globy- 
 porum, and Caryophyllteus mutabilis. See 
 Cloquet, Faune des Medec., v. iii, p. 345 ; 
 and Rudolphi, Entzoorum Synopsis, p. 96 
 and 127. 
 
 CAHPEAU, s. m. : a variety of the com- 
 mon carp, taken principally in the rivers 
 Rhone and Saone ; and said to be the male 
 fish, accidentally deprived of its organs 
 of generation. 
 
 CAB.PHOLOGIE, s. f., *a^a>.oy/ (*- 
 $/>s, a dried straw or mote, i\yu, I gather), 
 
 carphologia, f. L.., karphologie, L, 
 
 fleckenlesen, n. G., the act of gathering 
 straws of plucking off light substances ad- 
 herent to the bed-clothes: a continued 
 and automatic movement, of bad augury, 
 executed by the patient, in certain dis- 
 eases. Sometimes, the action consists in 
 an effort to catch flocculi floating in the 
 atmosphere. By some French authors,
 
 CAR 
 
 the first variety of carpJtology is termed 
 crocidisme. 
 
 CARPIEX, adj., carpianus, L., carpal, 
 belonging to the carpus or wrist : Exs. 
 Ligamens carpiens, F., ligamenta carpi- 
 ana, L. These are 1. the fibrous bands 
 which connect together the carpal bones ; 
 and, 2. the anterior and posterior annular 
 ligaments of the tflrisf-joint, articulation 
 carpienne, F. 
 
 CARPOLOGIE, s. f., carpologia, f. (xa^- 
 *of, the wrist, Xsyw, I gather), L., kar- 
 pologie, f. G., the act of gathering with 
 the hands : a term, in Pathology, synony- 
 mous with CAHPHOLOGIE. 
 
 CARPo-METACARPiEN,adj., carpo-me- 
 tacarpianus, L., belonging to the carpus 
 and metacarpus : an epithet, in Anatomy, 
 applied to the four articulations, art. 
 carpo-metacarpiennes, F., which connect 
 the carpal with the melacarpal bones ; 
 and, by Chaussier, to the opponent mus- 
 cles, m. carpo^metacarpiens, of the 
 
 thumb, du pouce, and of the little fin- 
 ger, du petit doigt. See OPPOSANT. 
 
 CARPO-PHALANGIEN, adj., belonging 
 to the carpus and first phalanx: a term 
 applied, by Chaussier, to the short flexor 
 
 muscle, m. carpo-phalangien du pouce, 
 
 F., carpo-phalanginus pollicis manus, L., 
 of the thumb, see FLECHISSEUR ; and 
 to the adductor, c.-phalangien du petit 
 doigt, c.-phalanginus minimi digiti, of 
 the little finger. 
 
 CARPO-SUS-PHALANGIEN, adj., ex- 
 tending from the carpus to the superior 
 surface of the first phalanx : a term ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to the short abductor 
 muscle, m. carpo-supra-phalangimls polli- 
 cis manus, L., of the thumb. See AB- 
 
 DUCTEUR. 
 
 CARRE, adj., Ttr^ayuvo;, quadratics, 
 
 L., viereckig, G., square, having four 
 equal sides and four right angles : a term 
 applied, in Comparative Anatomy, to the 
 square bone, 1'os Carre, F., os quadratum, 
 L., upon which, in birds, the two jaws 
 are articulated : in Human Anatomy 
 Anthropotomy, to the following muscles: 
 
 1. Carre de la cuisse (muscle ischio-sous- 
 trochanterien, Ch.), F., quadratus femo- 
 ris, L., viereckiger schenkelmuskel, G., 
 the square muscle of the thigh, extending 
 from the tuberosity of the ischium, to the 
 lower part of the posterior border of the 
 great trochanter. 
 
 2. de la levre inferieure, des levres. 
 See ABAISSEUR. By some anatomists, a 
 portion of this last, the mento-labial, of 
 Chaussier, has been described as a dis- 
 tinct muscle, Carre (houppe ) du menton, 
 situated between the two carres des le- 
 vres ; and attached, by its summit, to the 
 sides of the symphysis menti. 
 
 3. des lombes, quadratus lumhorum, 
 
 114 
 
 CAR 
 
 viereckiger lendenmuskel : a square lum- 
 bar muscle extending from the crista of 
 the ilium, and ilio-lumbar ligament, to 
 the inferior margin of the last false rib. 
 
 4. du pied. See PEDIEUX. 
 
 5. pronateur, pronator radii quadra- 
 tus, viereckiger vorwartsbeuger, the 
 
 square muscle of the fore-arm ; stretching, 
 across its palmar surface, from the ulna to 
 the radius. 
 
 CAHREAU, s. m., tabes mesenterica, 
 
 L. : in Pathology, tumefaction of the me- 
 senteric glands terminating in consump- 
 tion ; sometimes improperly designated, 
 by the French, atrophie mdsenteVique. 
 
 CARTHAME, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Carthamus, ( Syngenesia, poly gam. (equal.; 
 Cynarocephaleae ), I*, die Biirstenpflanze, 
 G., Safflower, deriving its name from 
 the Arabic, karlam or qortom, which sig- 
 nifies to paint; and containing several 
 species. The principal of these, C. tinc- 
 
 torius, le carthame des teinturiers, F. 
 
 saflor, wilder safran, G., officinal cartha- 
 mus, is a South-European herbaceous 
 plant. Its petals, the safran batard ou 
 safranum, of commerce, impart to silk 
 stuffs a fine rose or purple colour. The 
 seeds, cypseles, ou graines de perroquet, F., 
 saflorkorner, G., although operating 
 on man, as a violent cathartic (hence the 
 generic name is derived, by Tournefort), 
 afford an excellent food for the parrot and 
 domestic fowl. They contain an oily ker- 
 nel, of sweetish but acrid flavour, and 
 were formerly employed in the composi- 
 tion of a purgative emulsion. CARTHA- 
 MITE, s. f., carthamita, f. L,. : an imme- 
 diate principle of vegetables, the colour- 
 ing matter of Carthamus; which, mixed 
 up with pulverized talc, constitutes the 
 rouge vegetal, employed in the labours of 
 the toilette. By Doebereiner, the colour- 
 ing matter of Carthamus, the Carthamine, 
 of John, is designated carthamic acid, 
 acide carthamique, F., carthamins&ure, G. ; 
 because it has the property of saturating 
 the alcalis. 
 
 CARTILAGE, s. f., cartilago, f. L,., *v- 
 l^os, knorpel, m. G. : in Anatomy, a 
 white, opaline, and solid substance, highly 
 elastic and compressible; but less hard, 
 heavy, and compact than bone. Cartilage 
 serves either to cover and protect the ar- 
 ticular surfaces of some bones ; or enters 
 into the structure of important organs, as 
 the larynx and trachea ; or, lastly, as in 
 the sternal extremities of the ribs, disap- 
 pears with age, and is converted into bone. 
 Sometimes, it is accidentally developed in 
 various tissues, particularly the serous and 
 fibrous membranes. CARTILAGIKETJX, 
 adj., cartilaginosus, xovSgorwes, KO^^U- 
 $s , knorpefig, cartilaginous : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to parts or organs
 
 CAS 
 
 exhibiting a cartilaginous structure, tissu 
 cartUagrneux, F. : in Zoology, to a Sub- 
 class of the Class, Fishes, comprizing those 
 species, Pisces Cartilaf/inosi, L., which 
 possess a soft, flexible skeleton, sparingly 
 impregnated with calcareous salts : in 
 Botany, to those organs of plants which 
 are of a cartilaginous or coriaceous texture 
 or consistence; as the perisperm. of the 
 Umbelliferiz, and the leaves of Sisymlrium 
 cartilagineum. 
 
 CARTILAGINIFICATIOV, s. f, cartilagi- 
 nificatio, f. (cartilage, and fieri, to become), 
 L., transformation, normal or accidental, 
 of any structure into cartilage. 
 
 CARUS, s. m. : a term borrowed from the 
 Greek, *?, profound sleep; and intro- 
 duced into Pathology, as indicative of the 
 last degree of coma. Drowsiness, coma, 
 lethargy, and earns, constitute, in fact, 
 four different grades of the same morbid 
 state or phenomenon. 
 
 CARVI, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Co- 
 rum (Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbelliferce), 
 L., der Kummel, G., Caraway. No- 
 men habere refert Dioscorides ex regione 
 Caria, prope loniam. The seeds of the 
 common caraway, C. carui, Carvi, ou 
 cummin des pris, F., feldkiimmel, G., 
 an European plant, are aromatic, stimu- 
 lant, and carminative : the roots, leaves, 
 and young shoots, edible. The French and 
 Germans have a Distilled Water, Aqua 
 stillatitia de seminibus Carui, Ph. Gall. 
 Kiimmelwasser, G. ; and the Germans, an 
 Essential Oil, Spirit, and Plaster, Kiim- 
 melol, geist, und pfiaster, of the seeds. 
 
 CAS Hares, pi. Under this title, are 
 comprehended, by French medical writers, 
 extraordinary facts in Anatomy, Physiolo- 
 gy, and Pathology. See the Article, Cos 
 rares, in the 4th volume of the Dictionaire 
 des Sciences Medicales. 
 
 CASCARILLE, s. f. : in Botany, a South- 
 American shrub, belonging to the genus, 
 Croton. See that Article. The bark, 
 Cortex Cascarillse, L., cascarillrinde oder 
 graue fieberinde, G., of aromatic odour 
 and acrid and bitter taste, is tonic, stimu- 
 lant, and febrifuge. The French and Ger- 
 mans have a Distilled H ater, Aqua stil- 
 latitia de corticibus Cascarillse, Ph. Gall., 
 Cascarillenwasser, G. ; and the Ger- 
 mans, an Extract, Essential Oil, and Tinc- 
 ture, Cascarillenextract, 61, and 
 
 tinctur, of the bark of C. cascarilla, the 
 Clutia eleutheria, of modern botanists. 
 
 CASEATE, s. m., caseas, m. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, ka?saure salze, 
 G., resulting from the combination of 
 caseic acid, Acide caseique, F., acidum 
 caseicum, L., Arossaure, G., with salifia- 
 ble bases. 
 
 CASSATION, s. f., caseatio, L. : the 
 coagulation of milk ; the action whereby 
 
 115 
 
 CAS 
 
 its caseous portion is converted into cheese. 
 
 CASEEUX, adj., caseosus, L., kasig, 
 
 G., caseous, cheesy : of the nature of 
 
 cheese. CASEIFORME, adj., caseifbrmis, 
 kaseformig, caseiform, cheese-like. 
 
 CASEIQUE, adj. : an epithet, applied to 
 a peculiar animal acid, see CASEATE ; 
 and, also, to an oxyde, Oxide caseique, F., 
 Aras-oxyd, G., resulting from the de- 
 composition of cheese : discovered by 
 Prout. 
 
 CASEITM, s. m., caseum, n. L., kas- 
 stoff', m. G. : a peculiar animal substance, 
 an immediate principle of milk, and con- 
 stituting the base of cheese. 
 
 CASQUE, s. m., galea, mitra, f., pileus, 
 m. L., helm, m. G., casque or helmet : 
 a term applied, in Botany, to the superior 
 lip of the corolla of the Labiates, when 
 vaulted above, and concave below ; also, 
 to the superior division of the perianth, 
 le pirigone, F., of the Orchideae : in 
 Zoology, to the callous tubercle which, 
 covered with a horny substance, occupies 
 the vertex of certain birds, as the Cas- 
 sowary, Casuarius emev,le Casoar a 
 
 casque, F. ; by lyyonnet, to the assem- 
 blage of solid parts which compose the ex- 
 terior envelope of the head of insects, and, 
 by Reaumur, to the convex mask which 
 covers the face and head of the larvae of 
 the Libellulee. CASQUE, adj., galeatus, 
 
 mitratus, gehelmt, furnished with a 
 
 casque or helmet. 
 
 CASSAVE, s. f. : a sort of bread or cake 
 prepared, by the Americans, from the 
 lecula of tapioca, an extract from the root 
 of Jatropha manihot. 
 
 CASSE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Cassia 
 ( Decandria, monogyn. ; Leguminosa), L., 
 die Cassia, Cassien, G. The term is 
 said to have been derived from the He- 
 brew, Ketzioth, rendered xaa-ioy, in the 
 Septuagint, and latinized by Cassia. The 
 genus contains numerous species ; several 
 of which are employed in medicine, as C. 
 
 fistula, le canificier, F., rohrencassia, 
 
 purgircassia, G., an East-Indian and E- 
 gyptian tree, the cylindrical pods of which, 
 casse des boutiques, ou en batons, F., 
 are filled with a black, soft, sweet, and 
 laxative pulp, cassienmark, G., wherein 
 the seeds are imbedded ; and which, when 
 freed from these seeds and the fragments 
 of the partitions of the pod, is termed, in 
 French, casse mondee: 2. C. lanceolata, c. 
 lanceolee, F., which supplies the senna- 
 leaves, die sennesblatter, G., of the 
 
 Levant : 3. C. senna, the senna of Italy : 
 and, 4. C. obovata, the senna of Barbary. 
 The leaves of several other species may be 
 substituted for those of the Cassia senna. 
 The fruit of some is edible. For an ac- 
 count of the mucilaginous seeds of C. absus, 
 see ABSUS. Casse aromatique: one of the 
 
 12
 
 CAS 
 
 names of Laurus cassia. See FAUSSE 
 CANNELLE, and LAURIER. 
 
 CASSURE, s. f., xxvj, fractura, f. L., 
 bruch, m. G., fracture : a term gene- 
 rally applied to solutions of continuity of 
 fragile bodies, and, especially, to those pre- 
 sented by fractured minerals : Ex. Cassure 
 rtsineuse ou vitreuse, a resinous or vit- 
 reous fracture, 
 
 CASTOR, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Castor ( Mammifera, Rodentia, Cuv. ; Pal- 
 mata, Glires, BL), L. The principal spe- 
 cies, C. fiber, castor du Canada, formerly 
 bievre, F., xx<rru^, der biber, G., the 
 common beaver, is celebrated for the 
 skill and industry which it displays in the 
 structure of its river-habitation, and inte- 
 resting to the physician, from the medici- 
 nal substance which it supplies. See CAS- 
 TOHE0M. The organs of generation and 
 anus of the beaver are contained in a com- 
 mon cavity : on each side of it are situat- 
 ed three fobulated glands, which secrete 
 the substance in question, into a reservoir 
 consisting of two large membranous pyri- 
 form bladders united together in front of 
 the opening common to the anus and pre- 
 puce, and terminating in one orifice in the 
 sheath formed by the prepuce around the 
 glans penis of the male, and the summit 
 of the clitoris of the female, beaver. See 
 Cloquet, Faune des Mid., v. iii., p. 370. 
 
 CASTORATE, s. m., castoras, in. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a salt resulting from the com- 
 bination of casloric acid, acide caslorique, 
 F., acidum castoricum, L., castorinsaure, 
 G., which is produced by the action of ni- 
 tric acid upon castorine, with a salifiable 
 base. 
 
 CASTOREUM, s. m., xairrag/av, castore- 
 um, n. L.., bibergeil, n. G., castor : in 
 Materia Medica, the peculiar unctuous, 
 and fetid substance secreted by the pre- 
 putial glands ot the beaver. See CASTOR. 
 It is reputed an antispasmodic, and exci- 
 tant of the brain and vascular system. 
 Officinal Preparations, French and German: 
 An Alcoholic and Ethereal Tincture, Tinc- 
 tura de Castoreo Alcoolica, et jEtherea, 
 Ph. Gall, Bibergeiltinctur, und Aether- 
 ische Bibergeiltinctur. German: a Com- 
 pound Tincture and an Axunge, Zusam- 
 mengesetzte Bibergeiltinctur, und Biber- 
 geilfett, G. 
 
 CASTORINE, s. , castorina, f. L., bi- 
 bergeilkampher, n. G. : the name given 
 by Brandes, to a crystalline fat which ex- 
 ists in castor. 
 
 CASTRAT, s. m., castratus (castrare, to 
 castrate), L. : an individual, ein castrat, 
 G., deprived, by accident or surgical 
 operation, of his testes. The ancients desig- 
 nated by the term, spadones, L., castrats 
 imparfaits, F., those in whom one of the 
 organs only had been removed ; and called 
 
 116 
 
 CAT 
 
 those, eunuchi, see EUNUQUE, who had 
 lost both testes, and penis. 
 
 CASTRATION, s. f., castratio, f. L., 
 hodenausschneidung, verschneidung, ent- 
 mannung, f. G. : in man, the operation of 
 removing the testes, commonly, for the 
 cure of disease; sometimes, as in Italy, 
 for the preservation of a clear and shrill 
 voice ; or practised, as in the East, upon 
 slaves destined for the degrading occupa- 
 tion of an eunuch : in the lower animals, 
 excision of the testes or ovaries with a 
 view of rendering such animals unproduc- 
 tive, or improving their edible properties. 
 
 CATACERASTIQUE, adj., catacerasti- 
 
 cus (xaraxigaMUfti, I temper), L. : see EPI- 
 
 CERASTIQTTE. 
 
 CATACHASMA, s. m., xara^Kffta, sca- 
 rificatio, f. L., schropfen, n. G., scarifi- 
 cation. 
 
 CATAGME, s. m., x.dra.'yfia., catagma, 
 n. L., bruch, m. G., fracture, CATAG- 
 srATiQUE, adj., catagmaticus, calculat- 
 ed to favour the consolidation of fractures: 
 Exs. Bandage , emplatre catagmatique, F. 
 
 CATALEPSIE, S. f., xtura^s^is, (KKTX- 
 
 A.a^avai, I seize upon), catalepsia, cata- 
 
 lepsis, f. L., katalepsis, starrsucht, f. 
 
 G., catalepsy : in Pathology, a disease 
 characterized by sudden suspension of the 
 action of the senses, and the power of 
 motion ; the trunk and limbs preserv- 
 ing any position in which they may have 
 been placed by external force. Pinel ar- 
 ranges this curious affection in Sub-order 
 i, Comata, of Order ii, Nevroses des fonc- 
 tions cerebrales, of the 4th Class, Nevroses, 
 of his Nosographie Philosophique. CATA- 
 LEPTIC. UE, a.d.j.,xara}.r l <x-Tix6s, catalep- 
 ticus, kataleptisch ? cataleptic : exhibit- 
 ing the characters of, or connected with, 
 Catalepsy. 
 
 CATAPETALE, adj. : an epithet applied, 
 by I>innseus and Link, to a corolla, cor. 
 catapetala, Ij. ; the petals of which, at- 
 tached to the androphore, the part of the 
 plant supporting the stamens, do not 
 fall separately after flowering ; as in the 
 MalvacetB. 
 
 CATAPHORA, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 
 from the Greek, xaruQopa,, drowsiness, 
 
 heavy sleep ; and applied, in Pathology, 
 to express somnolence atiec prostration, F., 
 somnolentia, f., sopor, m. L., schlaf- 
 sucht, f. G., drowsiness with loss of pow- 
 er, the first stage of coma. 
 
 CATAPI.ASME, s. m., xu.ra.v\a.<rfAa,, 
 cataplasma, n. L., umschlag, m. G., a 
 cataplasm or poultice : Cataplasma sinapis, 
 L., a mustard poultice, sinapism. 
 
 CATAPLEXIE, S. f., xaT-aa-Xw^/f (*ara- 
 <x\fnrffu, I strike down), cataplexis, stu- 
 pefactio, f. L. : sudden loss of power apo- 
 plectic seizure stroke of any part of the 
 body.
 
 CAT 
 
 CATAPTOSE, s. f. : a tenn borrowed 
 from the Greek, x-ara-jmuffi;, downfall ; and 
 employed, in Pathology, to express the 
 action of suddenly falling to the earth, as 
 in an apoplectic or epileptic seizure. 
 
 CATARACTE, s. f., cataracta, f. L., . 
 katarakta, f., graue staar, linsenstaar, m. 
 G., cataract: in Pathology, opacity of 
 the crystalline lens or its membrane, ob- 
 structing the passage of the rays of light 
 to the retina, and causing loss of vision. 
 Cataract is distinguished by the epithet, 
 crystalline, cat, cristalline, F., when the 
 opacity is situated in the lens itself; mem- 
 branous, membraneuse, when the capsule 
 alone is implicated. In the former case, 
 it is further characterized by the adjec- 
 tives hard, caseous, milky, pierreuse, 
 
 caseeuse, laiteuse, according to its con- 
 sistence; and white, brown, grey, yellow, 
 black, pearly, green, blanche, brune, grise, 
 jaune, noire, perlee, verte, according to its 
 colour : fixe ou branlante, as it is destitute 
 of, or exhibits, motion. Cataract, moreo- 
 ver, may be simple, or complicated with 
 adhesion, glaucoma, amaurosis, or specks 
 of the cornea. Membranous cataract is 
 primitive, when the opacity exists previ- 
 ously to the operation; secondary, secon- 
 daire, F., when resulting from it. CA- 
 TARACTE, adj., cataracta vitiatus, L.., 
 affected with cataract. CATARACTER (se) 
 v. n. : an expression applied to the eye 
 when the crystalline, or the membrane, 
 begins to lose its transparency. 
 
 CATARRHE, s. m., xaruppaos (XKTX, 
 
 downwards, pia, I flow), catarrhus, m., 
 defluxio, f. L., katarrh, hinabfliessen, n. 
 G., catarrh : a term applied, in Patholo- 
 gy, to mucous defluxions which some wri- 
 ters describe as invariably resulting from 
 inflammation of the mucous membranes. 
 Thus, catarrhe nasal, F., x'o^a, nasen- 
 schleimfluss, G., and cat. pulmonaire, 
 ftsfyXHt catarrhus pulmonalis vel bron- 
 cnialis, L., are, by them, regarded as 
 terms expressive of phlegmasia of the 
 nasal and bronchial membranes. Other 
 French authors, however, assert that there 
 are defluxions in which no inflammatory 
 phenomenon exists ; and consequently 
 distinguish these morbid affections into 
 phlegmasies des membranes muqueuses, and 
 flux muqueux. CATARRHAL, adj., xa,ra.p- 
 foixo;, catarrhalis, katarrhalisch, catar- 
 rhal, relating to catarrh : Epidemie , fie- 
 vre catarrhale, F. a catarrhal epidemic, 
 fever. CATARRHEUX, adj., catarrhosus, 
 catarrho obnoxius, schnupfenkrank, ca- 
 tarrhous, suffering from , subject to ca- 
 tarrh. 
 
 CATARHHOPIE, s. f., icera^M"**, ca- 
 tarrhopia, f. L,., downward inclination : 
 in Pathology, afflux or tendency of the 
 fluids towards the lower parts of the bo- 
 
 117 
 
 CAT 
 
 dy, especially the abdominal viscera : a 
 term directly opposed, in signification, to 
 ANARRHOPIE. 
 
 CATASTALTIQUE, adj., catastalticus 
 
 (*ar<TTsXXs/v, to allay, repress, restrain), 
 Li. : Ex. Remedia catastaltica, Ij., zu- 
 rucktreibende, zusammenziehende, blutstill- 
 ende, beruhigende mittel, G., astringent, 
 styptic, quieting remedies. 
 
 CATEIADION, s. m. : a surgical instru- 
 ment, xa,rna&iav mentioned by Aretae- 
 us, as employed to induce nasal hemor- 
 rhage, in cases of head-ache. 
 
 CATHARSIE, s. f., xa,6a,(>ffi; (luttaifu*, to 
 purge), catharsis, f. L., reinigung, f. 
 G. : a term, in Therapeutics, applied to 
 evacuations, natural or artificial, from 
 any part of the body ; but commonly used 
 as signifying purgation of the bowels, 
 reinigung des darmkanals, G. CATHAR- 
 TIQUE, adj., xa6a^fixo;, cathartic : an 
 epithet applied, in Materia Medica, to 
 
 remedies, xattagrixa. cathartica, reini- 
 
 gende, nach unten ausleerende mittel,. 
 which, in their operation on the bowels, 
 hold an intermediate rank between laxa- 
 tives and drastic purgatives ; as the sul- 
 phate of magnesia formerly seJ cathartique 
 amer, F., sal catharticum amarum, L. ; 
 the sulphates, muriates, phosphates, and 
 tartrates of potass and soda. 
 
 CATHARTINE, s. f., cathartina, , L., 
 kathartin, n. G : the purgative principle 
 recently discovered in Cassia Senna, Ja- 
 lap, and other cathartic substances. 
 
 CATHARTOCARPE. s. m. : a newly-esta- 
 blished genus, in Botany, Cathartocarpus, 
 L., in which it is proposed to compre- 
 hend the Cassia fistula, and several other 
 decandrous monogynous plants, belong- 
 ing to the Leguminosa, and characterized 
 by the purgative qualities of their fruit. 
 
 CATHEMERINE. adj., cathemerinus 
 (xarjj/tag, daily), L., taglich, G. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Pathology, to fevers.-,- 
 fievres cathemerines, F., the paroxysms 
 of which return every day. 
 
 CATHERETIQUE, adj., ^-cathereticus 
 (xatfaiginxos, destructive), L. : an epithet 
 applied, in Materia Medica, to certain 
 slightly caustic substances which are used 
 to destroy the exuberant granulations of 
 wounds and ulcers, and excrescences situ- 
 ated on the mucous membranes. 
 
 CATHETER, s. m., xxhrrie, catheter, 
 m. L., katheter, harnzapf'er, m. G. : 
 French surgeons now exclusively desig- 
 nate, by this term, the grooved staff' em- 
 ployed in the operation of lithotomy. 
 
 Formerly, it was applied to every kind of 
 instrument, sonde, F., introduced into 
 the bladder, whether for the purpose of 
 exploration, drawing-off the urine in cases 
 of retention, or the injection of various 
 fluids into the cavity of the organ.
 
 CAU 
 
 CATQCATHARTIQUE, adj., catocathar- 
 ticus (xa.ru, below, xa0aigi7v, to purge), L., 
 cato-cathartic : an epithet applied to 
 remedies which purge by stool, 
 
 CATOCHE, a. m., xo.roxn, catechus, 
 m. L. : a term employed by some French 
 authors, as a synonym of Catalepsy, or the 
 designation of a variety of that affection ; 
 by others, as expressive of a disposition 
 to sleep without the actual occurrence of 
 that state, the coma vigil, of Latin wri- 
 ters. 
 
 CATOPES, s. m., pi. (*4 < r<u, below, rov;, 
 foot) : a term which Dumeril has propos- 
 ed to substitute, in Ichthyology, for that 
 of ventral fins, nageoires ventrales, F 
 CATOPODES, s. m., pi., Catopoda, L,., 
 fische mit bauchflossen, G., fishes with 
 ventral fins. 
 
 CATOPTRE. See SPECULUM. 
 
 CAUCHEMAR, s. m., incubus, m. L. 
 See EPHIALTE. 
 
 CAUDAL, adj., caudalis (cauda, a tail), 
 L.., relating to the tail : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Zoology, to the fin, nage&ire can- 
 dale, F., pinna caudalis, L., schwanz- 
 flosse, G., which terminates the tail of 
 the Cetacea and Fishes. In the former, 
 the caudal fin is horizontally, in the lat- 
 ter, vertically situated. 
 
 CAUDE, adj., caudatus (same), K, 
 geschwanzt, 'G., tailed: an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Botany, to those organs of plants 
 which exhibit a tail-like elongation ; at the 
 legumes of Raphanus , and the Jural 
 spikes of Amaranthus caudatus : in Zooio- 
 
 gy, to any animal furnished with a very 
 >ng tail ; as, among birds, Parus caudatus, 
 the long-tailed Tit. 
 
 CAUDIMANE, adj., caudimanus (cauda, 
 tail, manus, the hand), L. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Zoology, to animals furnished 
 with a prehensile tail ; as the Sapajous of 
 the Monkey-tribe. See Audebert, His- 
 toire Naturelle des Singes, &c. Folio, Pa- 
 ris. Cinquieme Famille. 
 
 CAULESCENT, adj., caulescens, L., be- 
 stengelt, G. : an epithet applied, in Bota- 
 ny, to plants furnished with a stem, cau- 
 lis, L. CAULIFORME, adj., cauliformis, 
 
 I,., stengelformig, stengelartig, G., 
 
 cauliform, resembling a stem. 
 
 CAULIKAIRE, adj., caulinaris, caulinus, 
 L., stengelstandig, G., belonging to, or 
 forming part of, the stem ; as the leaves, 
 feuilles caulinaires, F., of Cuscuta; the 
 roots of Hedera ; the flowers of Cynometra 
 caulicina ; the prickles of Rosa ; and the 
 stipules of the Malvaceae. 
 
 CAUSE, s. , causa, f. L., air let, ur- 
 sache, G. : any fact, or phenomenon, 
 which, preceding another, appears to have 
 formed a condition necessary to the pro- 
 duction of the latter. For the pathologi- 
 cal applications ot the term, see the Ar- 
 
 118 
 
 CAV 
 
 tides, OCCASIONELLE, PREDISPONANT, 
 PROCHAINE. 
 
 CAUSIS, s. f. : a term, in Pathology, 
 borrowed from the Greek, xavns, and syn. 
 with BRULURE. 
 
 CAUSTICIT E, s. f., causticitas, f. L., 
 atzbarkeit, f., atzkraft, G., causticity : 
 the property inherent in caustic substan- 
 ces ; the impression produced by the ap- 
 plication of such substances to the organ 
 of taste. 
 
 CAUSTIQUE, adj., xavfnxa;, causti- 
 
 cus, L., atzbar, atzend. G., caustic : an 
 epithet applied, in Materia Medica, to 
 substances which destroy the tissue of the 
 animal organs when brought into contact 
 with them. The more powerful caustics 
 the term substantively employed, are 
 named escharotics, see ESCHAROTIQUE; 
 the milder, CATHERETICIUES. Syn., also, 
 with CORROSIVE ; not with CAUTERE. 
 
 CAUSUS, s. m. : a term, of Greek origin, 
 xavffoi, introduced, into Pathology, direct- 
 ly from the Latin ; and signifying ardent 
 fever, brennfieber, n. G. 
 
 CAUTERE, s. m., xuurr^nv, cauteri- 
 um, n. L., atzmittel, brennmittel, n. G. : 
 a substance destined to disorganize the 
 living parts to which it is applied. Cau- 
 tery is of two kinds : the actual cautere 
 actual, F., cauterium actuale, L., brenn- 
 eisen, n. G., the hot iron ; and the po- 
 tential, which consists of some escharotic 
 substance. See CAUSTIQUE. The term, 
 Cjulere, is also given, in French Surgery, 
 
 to the sore, fbnticulus, Ii., fontanell, 
 
 G., issue, resulting from the applica- 
 tion of these agents. 
 
 CAUTEHETIQUE, adj., cautereticus, I.. 
 Synon. with CAUSTIGUE. 
 
 CAUTERISATION, s. f., cauterisatio. 
 
 adustio caustica, f. L., atzen, n. G. : the 
 application of cautery. CAUTERISER, v. 
 a., caustico adurere, L,., atzen, brennen, 
 G., to cauterize, to burn with caustic. 
 
 CAV ALE, s. f., equa, f. L., stute, f. 
 G., mare : the female of the horse. See 
 CHEVAL. 
 
 CAVE, adj., cavus, L., xofaos, hohl, 
 G., hollow : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the two principal veins of the 
 body, which terminate in the right auri- 
 cle of the heart : la veine cave supcrieure, 
 descendants ou thoracique, F., vena cava 
 superior, L., die obere hohlvene, G, 
 formed by an union of the two subclavi- 
 ans ; and la v. cave inferieure, ascendante, 
 ou abdominale,v. cava inferior, die un- 
 tere hohlvene, commencing about the 
 articulation of the 4th ana 5th lumbar 
 vertebrae, and composed of the two primi- 
 tive iliacs, with the addition of divers 
 smaller abdominal veins. 
 
 CA VERNE, s. f., caverna, f. !>., hohle, 
 f. G., cavern : a term employed, by
 
 CEI 
 
 some pathological writers, to designate 
 the cavities which are frequently found in 
 tuberculated lungs. CAVERNEUX, adj., 
 cavernosus, hbhlig, cavernous: an epi- 
 thet applied, in Anatomy, to divers parts, 
 of a structure filled with small cavities, 
 like that of sponge, schwamm, G. ; as 
 the corps caver>ieux, F., corpus caverno- 
 sum, L., schwammiger korper, G., of the 
 membrum virile and clitoris ; and the si- 
 nus caverneux, venous cavities, belong- 
 ing to the dura mater, in the basis cranii. 
 CAVITE, s. f., cavitas, f., cavum, n. 
 I/., xai).r,, tu&jtftMf hohlung, f. G. : a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the great 
 hollows, les cavites splanchniques, F., 
 which contain the principal organs and 
 viscera of the animal body ; as the crani- 
 al, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities, 
 la cavile cranienne, thoracique, abdomi- 
 nale, pelvienne : 2. to those which are 
 occupied by no important part or viscus ; 
 or serve only to establish a communica- 
 tion between the internal organs and the 
 exterior ; as the digital cavity, c. digitate, 
 of the brain, see ANCYROIDE ; and the 
 guttural and nasal cavities, cavite guttu- 
 rale, cavites nasales : 3. to those of the 
 bones, les cav. des os : these are divided 
 into the articular and non-articular. For 
 an account of the former, see the Articles, 
 ALVEOLE, COTYLOIDE, GLENOIDE ; of 
 the latter, CANAL, CELLULE, COULISSE, 
 
 ECHANCRURE, EjtfFREINTE, FENTE, 
 FOSSE, GOUTTIBRE, SlLLON, SlNUS, 
 
 HAINURE, TROU. 
 
 CAVIAR, s. m., kaviar, m. G. : in Di- 
 etetics, a preparation made, on the bor- 
 ders of the Caspian and Black Sea, from 
 the ova of certain fishes, especially the 
 Acipenser sturio, and uso. See CARPE. 
 
 CAYEU, s.m., bulbulus, m. L., knosp- 
 enzwiebel, zwiebelbrut, f. G. : in Bota- 
 ny, a small bulb, produced by another al- 
 ready formed ; either in the substance of 
 the latter, as in Colchicum and Crocus ; on 
 the side, as in Tulipa ; above, as in Gladi- 
 olus ; or below, as Ixia. The original 
 bulb, perishing, is succeeded by the lesser. 
 
 CECITE, s. , csecitas, f. L., ru<p*.arvt, 
 blindheit, G., blindness, abolition 
 of the faculty of vision ; a phenomenon 
 dependent upon various diseases which 
 destroy either the transparency of the 
 eye, or the sensibility of the retina or 
 optic nerve ; or implicate the structure of 
 that portion of the brain from which the 
 nerve originates. 
 
 CEINTURE, s. , cingulum, n., zona, 
 f. L., gurt, giirtel, m. G. : a term appli- 
 ed to that part of the body which, in man, 
 is situated below the ribs ; or to the piece 
 of linen or other material, belt or girdle, 
 by which that region the loins, die 
 lenden, G., is frequently surrounded: 
 
 119 
 
 CEN 
 
 in Pathology, to a variety of Erysipelas or 
 of Herpes, ceinture erysipelaieuse ou dar- 
 treuse, F., zona erysipelatosa vel herpe- 
 tica, L., which encompasses the body like 
 a girdle. In Materia Medica, cingulum 
 mercuriale, Ceinture de vif argent, F., 
 quicksilver girdle, est cingulum e corio 
 vel lanS, quod in intern^ superficie ungu- 
 ento mercuriali illitum, olim contra pe- 
 diculos, et ad excitandam salivationem, 
 gestabatur, L. 
 
 GELATION, s. , celatio, f. L., ver- 
 heimlichung, f. G. : in Forensic Medi- 
 cine, concealment of pregnancy or parturi- 
 tion. 
 
 CELERI, s. m., selleri, m., sellerie, f. 
 G. f celery : the cultivated variety of A- 
 pium graveolens, ache ordinaire, F. 
 
 CELLULE, s. , cellula, f. (dimin. of 
 cella), Li. : a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to the minute cells or cavities, die zellen, 
 G., which exist in the interior of certain 
 organs and parts, as the bones, lungs, cor- 
 pora cavernosa penis et urethrae, and si- 
 nuses of the dura mater. See CAVERNE. 
 The cells of the lungs, cellules bronchi- 
 ales, F., are the small cavities which 
 terminate the ramifications of the bron- 
 chia. In Zoology, the cavities which cer- 
 tain Hymenopterous Insects^ as the Bee 
 and Wasp, construct for the deposition of 
 their honey and larvae, obtain the desig- 
 nation of cells : as, in Botany, the empty 
 spaces, for the most part of an hexagonal 
 figure, formed in the vegetable structure, 
 by re-duplications of membrane. CELLU- 
 LAIRE, adj., cellularis, Li.,. zellgeweb- 
 artig, zellicht, G. : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the most common and exten- 
 sively diffused of all the organic structures 
 of the animal body, the cellular tissue, 
 tissu cellulaire ( lamineux, of Chaussier), 
 F., tela cellularis, L.,. zellgewebe, G. 
 CELLULEUX, adj., cellulosus, L., con- 
 taining cells : nearly synon. with CELLU- 
 LAIRE ; but especially employed, by A- 
 natomists, to designate the spongy struc- 
 ture of the bones, le tissu celluleux ou 
 spongieux des os, F. 
 
 CELOTOMIE, s, , celotomia, f. (*>)X>), 
 an hernial tumour, ri/xvu, I cut), L., 
 bruchshnitt, m. G. : in Surgery, the opera- 
 tion for the radical cure of inguinal her- 
 nia by ligature of the sac and spermatic 
 chord. Celotomus, m. L., kelotom, m. 
 G. : the cutting instrument with which, 
 
 Bruchschneider, m. G., the surgeon by 
 
 whom, this useless and now exploded ope- 
 ration was heretofore performed. 
 
 CENDRE, s. , cinis, m. L., rifou, i 
 asche, G., ashes : the residue of the 
 combustion of an organized body in open 
 air ; containing all the elements of such 
 body which are not convertible into va- 
 pour or gas. CENDRE, adj., cinereus,
 
 CEN 
 
 M0af, vtifiguSns, aschgrau, cinereous, 
 
 ash-coloured: an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the exterior or cortical portion, 
 substance cendree, F., substantia cineritia, 
 L,., of the brain, from its distinguishing 
 as/t-ffrey colour. 
 
 CENTAUREE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Centaurea ( Syngenesia, polyaum. f rust ran. , 
 Cynarocephaleeej, L., Centaury, con- 
 taining numerous species. Of one of 
 these, C. benedictn, i-hardonbinit, F., 
 cardebenedictenkraut, gesegnete distel, G., 
 holy thistle, celebrated, like most of 
 its congeners, for bitter and tonic proper- 
 ties, the French and Germans have an Of- 
 ficinal Extract, Extractum Cardui bene- 
 
 dicti, jP/i. Gall., cardebonedictenkraut- 
 
 extract, G. Centaur ee petite: a species 
 belonging to the genus, ErythriBa (Pen- 
 tandria, monogyn.; Gentiance), L.. The 
 lesser Centaury, C. formerly Chironia 
 centaurium, tausendg'dldenkraut, G., 
 constitutes, in infusion, a popular remedy, 
 as bitter and tonic. Of this, also, there is 
 a French and German Extract, Extrac- 
 tum Centaurii minoris, Ph. Gall., Taus- 
 endgiildenkrautextract, G. 
 
 CENTIGRAMME, s. m. : a term com- 
 pounded of the Latin, centum, a hundred, 
 and the French GRAMME , and employed 
 to express the hundredth part of a gramme: 
 nearly equivalent, in weight, to the 5th 
 part of a grain. 
 
 CENTIMETRE, s. m..: the hundredth part 
 of the French METRE; nearly equivalent, 
 in mensuration, to four lines. 
 
 CENTRE, s. m., xiyr^av, centrum, n. 
 L., mittelpunkt, m. G. The designa- 
 tion, centre, is applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the appearance exhibited by different or- 
 gans, as the centre ovale, F., centrum o- 
 vale, L., formed by the medullary sub- 
 stance, on making an horizontal section of 
 the brain, to the level of the corpus callo- 
 sum, the term appears to have been 
 given, by Vieussens, to the corpus callo- 
 sum itself; and the c. phrenique ou 
 tendineux du diaphragme, the tendinous 
 centre of the diaphragm. Centre epiaas- 
 trique: a name bestowed, by some writers, 
 on the diaphragmatic centre ; but applied, 
 by later anatomists and physiologists, to 
 the nervous ganglia and plexuses formed, 
 by the great sympathetic and pneumo- 
 gastric nerves, around the cceliac artery. 
 Centres nerveux: those organs, as the brain, 
 spinal marrow, and ganglia, from which 
 nerves are given off to various parts of 
 the body. CENTRAL, adj., centralis, L.: 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to the 
 delicate artery, artere centrale, F., which, 
 given oft' by the ophthalmic, augenarte- 
 rie, G., insinuates itself into the optic 
 nerve, in its passage to the retina. In 
 Botany, to the vegetable embryo, -embry- 
 
 120 
 
 CEP 
 
 o)i central, when occupying, as in Tax-its, 
 the centre of the perisperm. 
 
 CENURE, s. m., Ccenurus, m. I,. : in 
 .Zoology, a genus of Intestinal Worms, 
 which consist of an external bladder or 
 cyst filled with an aqueous fluid : to the 
 parietes of this, the individual animals ad- 
 here in groups. The hydaticl which in- 
 fests the brain of the sheep, belongs to 
 this genus. 
 
 CEPHALAGRAPHIE, s. f., cephalagra- 
 phia, f. (xs$o.*.ri, the head, y^uqu, I de- 
 scribe), L., an anatomical description of 
 the head. 
 
 CEPHALAGRE, s. f., cephalagra, f. L., 
 kopfgicht, f. G., violent headaihe, der 
 
 heftige kopfschmerz, G., tucceeding 
 
 gouty irritation. 
 
 CEPHALALGIE, s. f., ^spaAaXy/a, ce- 
 phalalgia, f. L., kopischmerz, m. G., 
 headache. Kj(pAA.yj?, xtipaXaXy/xoj, adj., 
 
 cephalalgicus, cephalalgic, affected 
 
 with, pertaining to, producing, headache. 
 
 CEPHALALOGIE, s. f:, cephalaloijia ( X t- 
 q>x*.v, the head, Xoyos, discourse) L,. : an 
 anatomical dissertation on the head. 
 
 CEPHALAMATOME, s. m.: a name given, 
 by -Zeller, to the sanguineous tumour of 
 the head of new-born children, tumor 
 capitis sanguineus recens-natorum, L., , 
 die kopfblutgeschwulst der kinder, G. 
 
 CEPHALANTIIE, s. m., cephalanthiuin, 
 n. (xif a,).*, and v0<>s, flower), L. : a term, 
 in Botany, applied, by llichard, to the 
 compound flower, of Linnaeus, the Cala- 
 thide, of Mirbel : also, a genus of plants, 
 Cephalanthus ( Pentandria, monogyu.), I.,., 
 which constitutes the type of a sub-tribe, 
 CEPHALANTHEES, s. f. pi., Cephalanlhece, 
 Ij., of the family of the Rubiacea. 
 
 CEPHALARTIQUE, adj. : a term applied, 
 by the ancients, to remedies, Remtdes ce- 
 phalartiques, F., remedia cephalartica, L., 
 die kopf reinigende mittel, G., calculat- 
 ed to relieve the diseases of to clear the 
 head. 
 
 CEPHALATOMIE, s. , cephalatomia, f. 
 (xiQaXn, the head, Tiftva, I dissect), L., 
 zerleauriff des kopfes : in Anatomy, dissec- 
 tion of the head: in Midwifery, the remo- 
 val of the brain excerebration ? of the 
 head of a child impacted in the pelvis, 
 die enthirnung des im becken eingekeilten 
 kopfes eines kindes, G. 
 
 CEPHALEE, s. , xs<pa\a.!x, cephalacaj 
 f. G. : correctly a chronic employed, by 
 some writers, as expressive of very vio- 
 lent and obstinate headache: frequently, 
 as a synonym of CEPHALALGIE. 
 
 CEPHALINE, s. f. : a term borrowed 
 from the Greek, xKfuXivn -, and signifying 
 the base or root of the tongue. 
 
 CEPHALIQUE, adj., xiq>a.\ixo;, cepha- 
 licus, L., cephalic, belonging to the head: 
 an epithet, in Anatomy, applied, by
 
 CEP 
 
 Chaussier, to the primitive carotid artery, 
 Artere cephalique, F., kopfschlagader, 
 G. ; and to the internal jugular vein, 
 veine cipluilique. The latter term has 
 commonly been assigned to a cutaneous 
 vein (radiale cutanee, Ch.), situated on 
 the outer side of the thoracic limb ; from 
 which the ancients were accustomed to 
 take blood in cephalic affections : probably 
 influenced, in this practice, by observing 
 that the vessel almost invariably anasto- 
 mozed with the external jugular vein. 
 In Materia Medica, the term, Ciphallques, 
 pi., is applied to remedies x'.q>u*.ixa, $0,%- 
 /u,axa, remedia cephalica, L., hauptmit- 
 tel, G., prescribed for the removal of 
 affections of the head. 
 
 CEPHALITE, s. f. See ENCEPHALITE. 
 CEPHALODE, s. m., cephalodium, n. 
 (xiq>K*.onlri;, head-shaped), knopfchen, n. 
 G. : a term applied, by Sprengel, to the 
 convex, orbicular, emarginate apolhecion 
 of certain Lichens ; as the Stereocaulon. 
 
 CEPHALOIDE, adj., cephaloides (same), 
 L,., kopfarlig, G., cephaloid, spherical: 
 an epithet, in Botany, syn. with CAPITE. 
 
 CEPHALOMETRE, s. m., cephalome- 
 
 trum, n. (xs<px?j, the head, fti-gov, mea- 
 sure), L,., kephuiometer, kopfmesser, m. 
 G., cephalometer : an instrument where- 
 with to determine the various dimensions 
 of the foetal head in the process of par- 
 turition. 
 
 CEPHALONOSE, s. f., cephalonosos, m. 
 Jj. : a term compounded from the Greek, 
 x'.(f>a.\ri, head, and vi;o;, disease ; and thus 
 literally signifying a disease of the head, 
 eine kopfkrankheit, G. ; but employed, by 
 French pathologists, to designate that 
 shade of cerebral irritation which consti- 
 tutes a variety of nervous fever. 
 
 CEPHALO-PHARYNGIEN, adj., cephalo- 
 
 pharyngeus, (x,t$a,Xn, and <pau^|, the 
 
 pharynx), L. The term, muscle cephalo- 
 pharyngien, has been given, by Winslow, 
 to a few fibres of the muscular coat of 
 the pharynx, which are inserted into the 
 basilar process of the occipital bone, and 
 actually form part of the constrictor pha- 
 ryngis superior : by modern Anatomists, 
 to a fibrous membrane, aponevrose cepha- 
 lo-pharyngienne, F. ; which, arising from 
 the basilar process, gives insertion to the 
 fibres of the Constrictor superior muscle. 
 CEPHALOPODES, s. m., and adj., pi., 
 Cephalopoda (xt^>a.Kri, and vov;, the foot), 
 L.., die Cephalopoden, G. : a term, in 
 Zoology, applied, by Cuvier, to an Order 
 of the "Mollusca, comprehending those in- 
 vertebral animals, as the Sepice, and inha- 
 bitants of the Argonauta and Nautilus, 
 whose organs of locomotion and prehension 
 are placed around the head. 
 
 CEPHALOPONIE, s. f., cephaloponia, f. 
 (same, and *w>j, P aul )> L., kopfleiden, 
 121 
 
 CER 
 
 m. G., headache. Synon. with CEPHAL- 
 ALGIE. 
 
 CEPHALOPYOSE, s. f., cephalopyosis, 
 
 f. (x.i$u,tJfi, and truaffti, suppuration), L., 
 kopfabscess. m., eiterung im kopfe, G., 
 abscess suppuration in the head. 
 
 CEPHALOTOMIE. See CEPHALATOMIE. 
 
 CERASINE, s. f., cerasina, f. L., cera- 
 sin : John proposes to distinguish by this 
 name, or that of Prunine, the gummy 
 substance, called ADRAGANTHINE. 
 
 CEIIAT, s. m., xigturw, ceratum, n. L., 
 wachssalbe, f. G., cerate : a pharma- 
 ceutical preparation, of which wax (cera, 
 L.) constitutes a principal ingredient. 
 
 CERATOCELE, s. f., ceratocele (xi^x;, 
 horn, x?x, an hernial tumour), hernia 
 cornese, L., hornhautbruch, m. G., her- 
 nia of the transparent cornea, or rather 
 protrusion of the membrane of the aque- 
 ous humour through a rupture of the 
 cornea. 
 
 CERATO- (ou KERATO-) GLOSSE, s. m., 
 
 and adj., cerato-glossus (xigas, and- 
 
 yXu/rirK, tongue), L. The term, musculus 
 cerato-glossus, L., m. cerato-glosse, F., 
 zungenbeinhornzungenmuskel, G., was 
 given, by Bartholine, to a fasciculus of 
 muscular fibres which extends, from the 
 cornu of the hyoid bone, to the base of the 
 tongue ; and constitutes a portion of the 
 Hyo-glossus muscle. 
 
 CERATO-HYAL, s. m., and adj. : a term, 
 in Zoology, applied, by Geoftroy-St.-Hi- 
 laire, to the second piece of the anterior 
 cornua, or styloid branches, of the hyoid 
 bone, in those animals which have the hy- 
 oid provided with all its pieces. See Phi- 
 losophie Analomigue, p. 147- 
 
 CERATOIDE, adj., xsgaroii&ris, cera- 
 
 toides, L., hornartig, G. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, by the Greeks, to the transparent 
 cornea, from its horn-like appearance. 
 
 CERATO- (ou KERATO-) PHARYNGIEN, 
 adj., cerato-pharyngeus (xi^s, horn, <p- 
 guy|, the pharynx), . The great and les- 
 ser cerato-pharyngeal muscles, die zung- 
 enbeinhornschlundmuskeln, G., as de- 
 scribed by some Anatomists, are muscu- 
 lar fibres attached to the cornua of the 
 hyoid bone, and forming part of the Ilyo- 
 pharyngeus muscle see HYO-PHARYN- 
 GIEN, of Winslow. 
 
 CERATO- (ou KERATO-) STAPHYLIN, 
 adj., cerato-staphylinus (xi^a;, and <TT- 
 q>v*.ri, the uvula), L. : an epithet applied 
 to a set of muscular fibres which extend 
 from the hyoid cornua to the uvula, and 
 constitute a portion of the Thyro-staphyli- 
 nus muscle, of Winslow. 
 
 CERATOTOME, s. m., ceratotomus, m. 
 (x'^a.;, and rifi.vu, I cut), L., keratotom, 
 n., staarmesser, m. G. : in Ophthalmic 
 Surgery, the name given, by Wenzel, to 
 the knife used in performing the opera-
 
 CER 
 
 tion of CERATOTOMIE, s. f., ceratotomia, 
 f. L.., keratotomie, ? f. G., incision of 
 the cornea for extraction of the opaque 
 crystalline, or evacuation of pus or serum 
 from the interior of the eye, in cases of 
 hypopyon or of hydrophthalmy. 
 
 CERCEAU, s. m. : a term applied to the 
 
 cartilaginous rings, cerceaux of the 
 
 trachea. 
 
 CERCLE, s. m., circulus, m. L., xv- 
 x\os, zirkel, m. G., circle : a plane sur- 
 face bounded, on all sides, by a line, every 
 point of which is equi-distant from the 
 centre ; but applied as a term, in Anato- 
 my, to objects which do not exhibit a per- 
 fectly circular figure: thus the arteries 
 of the basis cranii are said to form an a- 
 nastomotic circle, c. anastomotique, F. A 
 ciliary circle, see CILIAIRE, is described, 
 by Anatomists, as existing in the eye. 
 
 CERCOPITHEQUE, s. m., xtxe#i0vxas, 
 cercopithecus, m. L. : a name applied, in 
 Zoology, to long-tailed monkies, schwanz- 
 affe, m. G. See GUENON, and SAPAJOU. 
 
 CERCOSIS, s. f. : a term, in Pathology, 
 borrowed from the Greek, x'^xuns, and 
 signifying an elongation of the clitoris, 
 eine ubermassig grosse klitoris, G. 
 
 CEREAL, adj., cerealis (Ceres, the God- 
 dess of harvest), L,. : an epithet applied 
 to those species, plantes cereales, P., of 
 the Gramineae ; the seeds of which, as 
 of wheat, barley, oats, and rye, afford 
 sustenance to man. 
 
 CEREBELLEUX, adj., cerebellosus, L., 
 cerebellous : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to three arteries belonging to 
 the cerebellum. Two ot these vessels, 
 arleres cerebelleuses, are branches of the 
 basilar ; the third, formerly, Finferieure 
 du cervelet, given off by the vertebral : 
 also, to the inferior concavity fosse ceri- 
 belleuse, ot the occipital bone, which 
 lodges the corresponding lobe of the ce- 
 rebellum. 
 
 CEREBELLITE, s. f, cerebellitis, f. L. : 
 in Pathology, inflammation of the cere- 
 bellum. 
 
 CEREBRAL, adj., cerebralis (cerebrum, 
 the brain), L.., zum gehirn gehorig, G., 
 belonging to the brain : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to membranes, blood- 
 vessels, or nerves which invest, supply, or 
 emanate from, the brain, see CERVEAU : 
 Exs. Membranes , arleres cerebrales, nerfs 
 cerebraux. By Chaussier, the vertebral 
 artery is designated artere cerebrate poste- 
 rieure ; the internal carotid, cerebrale 
 anterieure. In Pathology, those diseases 
 which have their seat in the brain, are 
 termed affections cerebrales ; as fievre cere- 
 brale, constituting the fievre ataxique, of 
 Pinel. 
 
 CEREBRIFOB.ME, adj., cerebriformis, 
 
 L., cerebriform. See ENCEFHALOIDE. 
 
 122 
 
 CER 
 
 CEREBRITE, s. f., cerebritis, f. L. : in 
 Pathology, inflammation of the brain. 
 
 CEREBHO-RACHIDIEN, adj. : belonging, 
 as the appareil nerveux cerebro-rachidien, 
 F., to the brain and spinal marrow. 
 
 CERF, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, Cer- 
 vus ( Mammifera, Ruminantia, Cuv., Bi- 
 ulca, Bl.), L., der Hirsch, G., the Deer, 
 containing several species ; of which 
 the principal are the Stag or Red deer, 
 C. elaphus, i^afos, cerf commun, F., 
 edel-hirsch, G., with the female, la biche, 
 F. ; the fallow-deer, C. dama, $?, 
 le daim, damhirsch ; the roebuck, C. 
 capreolus, rj|, le chevreuil, reh ; the 
 elk, C. alces, Felan, elennthier ; and 
 the rein-deer, C. tarandus, la renne, 
 renthier. Thejlesh of all these species is 
 
 edible ; and the horns of some, see 
 
 CORNE, and the skins, are extensively 
 employed in medicine and the arts. 
 
 CERINE, s. f., cerina, f. L., cerin : a 
 name given, by John, to one of the two 
 substances existing in bees'-wax (cera, L..), 
 which dissolves in alcohol : by Chevreui, 
 to the crystalline matter resulting from 
 the action of nitric acid on grated cork. 
 
 CERION, s. m. : in Pathology, a variety 
 of Tinea, resembling, in appearance, the 
 honey-comb of bees, xn^itw, favus, L., 
 der wachsbau der bienen, G., and con- 
 stituting the teigne faveuse, tinea favosa, 
 of Alibert : in Botany, a term applied, 
 by Mirbel, to the fruit of the Gramineee, 
 the Caryopse, of Richard. 
 
 CERISE, s. f., xi^a/no*, cerasium, n. 
 L., kirsche, f. G., cherry : the fruit of 
 the CERISIER, s. m., Prunus cerasus ( I- 
 cosandria, monogyn. ; Rosacece), L., xi^a.- 
 <ro s , kirschbaum, m. G., common cher- 
 ry-tree, and its numerous varieties. Pe- 
 duncles, astringent, and reputed diuretic. 
 
 CERUMEN, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 from the Latin, and applied to the viscid, 
 wax-like, yellow substance, xv^'&n, ohr- 
 enschmalz, n. G., secreted by the folli- 
 cular organs, glandes cerumineuses, F., 
 which are situated beneath the membra- 
 nous lining of the meatus auditorius ex- 
 ternus. 
 
 CERUSE, s. f., cerussa, f. L., ^i/u.v^as, 
 bleiweisse, n. G., ceruse : the vulgar 
 name of sub-carbonate of lead. See CAR- 
 BONATE. 
 
 CERVEAU, s.m., lyxi^a.^ei, cerebrum, 
 encephalon, n. L.s him, gehirn, n. G., 
 brain : a term, in Anatomy, applied, 
 sometimes to the whole of the pulpy 
 mass, das grosse und kleine him zusam- 
 mengenommen, G., the great and little 
 brain taken together, which occupies the 
 cranial cavity of vertebrated animals ; 
 sometimes, to the anterior part, alone, of 
 this mass ; when the posterior, separated 
 from the former by the tentorium cere-
 
 GET 
 
 belli, and filling the inferior fossae of the 
 occipital bone, is distinguished by the ti- 
 tle of CERVELET, s. m., n-a^syxi^aX/y, 
 cerebellum, n. L., hirnlein, das kleine 
 him, G., brainlet, or little brain. The 
 Vertebrata only possess a real brain : since 
 such designation is incorrect ly applied to 
 the nervous ganglia situated, in the low- 
 er classes of animals, either within the 
 head, or in its vicinity. 
 
 CERVELLE, s. f. : a popular designation 
 of the brain. 
 
 CERVICAL, adj., cervicalis ( cervix, the 
 neck), L., zum nacken gehorig, G. : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to certain 
 bones, ligaments, blood-vessels, nerves, 
 ganglia, and glands, which contribute to 
 the formation, or are situated in the re- 
 gion, of the neck : Exs. Vertebres cervi- 
 cales, F., Aa/swirbel, G., the cervical 
 vertebrae ; arleres cervicales, arterise cer- 
 vicales, L. ; ganglions cervicaux, the cervical 
 ganglia, of which Anatomists distinguish 
 a superior, middle, and inferior. For an 
 admirable account of the latter, See Lob- 
 stein, De Nervi Sympathet. Humani Fabri- 
 ca, Usu, et Morbis, 4to. Parisiis, 1823. 
 
 CERVICO-ACROMIEX, adj. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, by Bourgelat, to the 
 anterior portion of the Trapezius muscle. 
 
 CERVICO-MASTOIDIEN, adj., cervico- 
 
 mastoideus, L. : a name given, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the Splenius capitis muscle. 
 
 CERVICO-SCAPULAIRE, adj., cervico- 
 
 scapularis, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the transverse cervical ar- 
 tery and vein : the former, a branch of the 
 subclavian ; the latter commonly termi- 
 nating in the internal jugular. 
 
 CKSARIEN, adj., csesareus, caesarianus, 
 L. (caedere, to cut), caesarian : an epithet 
 applied to an operation, in Obstetric Sur- 
 gery, Operation cesarienne, F., kaiser- 
 schnitt, m, G., which consists in making 
 an incision of the womb, for the extrac- 
 tion of the contained fcetus. This opera- 
 tion is said, by Pliny, to have been prac- 
 tised upon the mother, at the birth, of 
 Julius Csesar ; who, from this circum- 
 stance, derived his surname. Primusque 
 Caesar a cceso matris utero dictus. There 
 are two varieties of the operation : in the 
 one, termed, abdominale, F., the pa- 
 rietes of the abdomen, and commonly 
 those of the womb, are divided by the 
 knife ; in the other, vaginale, the ute- 
 rus alone, from the vagina. 
 
 CETACES, CETACEES, s. m., and adj., 
 pi., Cetacea (x.ro;, the whale), L., die 
 Cetaceen, G. : a name given, by Linnaeus 
 and succeeding zoologists, to the Whale- 
 tribe, constituting a distinct Order of the 
 Mammifera. See La Cepede, Histoire 
 Naturelle des Cetacees, 4to., Paris ; and 
 Camper, Observations Anatomiques sur la 
 
 123 
 
 CHA 
 
 Structure, &c. des plusieurs Especes de Ce- 
 tacds, 4to. Paris, 1820. 
 
 CETJNE, s. f., cetina, f- L., wallrath- 
 fett, n. G. : the name given, by Chevreul, 
 to the peculiar fatty substance which con- 
 stitutes the base, and greatest proportion, 
 of Spermaceti. 
 
 CETOLOGIE, s. , cetologia, f. (*?raf, 
 whale, x'oya;, discourse), L. : a Treatise on 
 Cetaceous Animals, die wallfischartigen 
 thiere, G. See Art. Cetology, in the 5th 
 vol. of the Edinburgh Encyclopedia ; and 
 CACHALOT, and PHYSETERE, of this work. 
 
 CEVADILLE, s. f., sabadilla, f. L. : the 
 fruit of Veratrum sabadilla, or of a species 
 of Melanthium, sabadillsamen, Mexikan- 
 ischer liiusesamen, G. : bitter, nauseous, 
 an excitant of the salivary secretion ; and 
 employed to destroy the pediculus capitis, 
 and intestinal worms. CEVADIQ.UE, adj., 
 cevadicus, L. : the name of an acid, 
 acide cedavique, F., sabadillsaure, G.,_ 
 lately discovered in sabadilla. 
 
 CH.SRAPHROSYNE, s. f., chseraphro- 
 sine, f. (^/jw, I delight, aif^aa-uvn, loss of 
 reason), L., lustiger wahnsinn, G. : mad- 
 ness, characterized by an extraordinary 
 flow of spirits, and loftiness of pretension, 
 a pathological condition dependent, ac- 
 cording to the creed of the phrenologists, 
 upon an undue development or excitation 
 of' the *' organ of self-esteem." 
 
 CHAIR, s. , caro, f. L., <rj|, 
 
 fleisch, n. G., flesh : a popular designa- 
 tion of the soft as well as the muscular 
 parts of the animal body ; to the latter of 
 
 which, chair musculaire, F., the term 
 
 should properly be restricted. In Botany, 
 the soft and commonly edible part, the 
 pulp of fruit. See CHAHNU. Chair de 
 poule, hen-Hesh : a popular term for the 
 corrugation of the human skin, resulting 
 from the influence of external causes or 
 of internal emotion. 
 
 CHALAISE, s. f., chalasis, f. (^a.\a.gi(, 
 relaxation), L. : a name given, by Wen- 
 zel, to the lesion consequent on detach- 
 ment of a portion of the cornea from the 
 sclerotica, by wound or hypopyon. 
 
 CHALAZE, CHALAZION, CHALAZOSE, 
 s. f., ;*, chalazium, n. L. : in Pa- 
 thology, a spherical transparent tumour 
 stye in the eye-lid, hagelkorn im au- 
 genliede, G. In Zoology, a ligamentous 
 chord which retains in its situation, the 
 egg-yolk of birds. In Botany, the inter- 
 nal umbilicus, keimfleck, hagelfleck, m. 
 G., of the seeds of plants. 
 
 CHALEUR, s. f., calor, m. L., 6i%pn, 
 warme, f. G., heat : the sensation excit- 
 ed, in the animal body, by the transmis- 
 sion of caloric. Figuratively, the term is 
 employed to designate the rut, chaleur 
 des animaux, F., die brunft, G., or sex- 
 ual orgasm, by which certain animals are
 
 CHA 
 
 periodically affected. In Pathology, cha- 
 leurs du foie : an eruption of dark-red 
 spots supposed, by the ancients, to origi- 
 nate from inordinate heat of the liver. 
 
 CHALUMEAU, s. m. (xaXxpo;, calamus, 
 Li. a reed or pipe), blaserohr, n. G. 
 blow-pipe: an instrument of great power 
 and utility in chemical analysis. See Ber- 
 zelius, De VEmploi du Chalumeau dans les 
 Anal. Chemiques, Paris, 1822. 
 
 CHALITBE, adj., chalybeatus (chalybs, 
 
 steel), L., stahl- oder eisenartig, G., 
 
 chalybeate, impregnated with steel: as 
 Vin chalybe, F., vinum chalybeatum, L., 
 stahl- menwein, G., the Vinum Ferri, 
 of modern Dispensatories. See FERRU- 
 OINEUX, and MARTIAL. 
 
 CHAMBRE, s. f., XK/^X^X, camera, 
 Ij., kammer, f. G. The minute spaces 
 comprized between the cornea and ante- 
 rior surface of the iris, and between the 
 posterior surface of the iris and the crys- 
 talline lens, and occupied by the aqueous 
 humour, are respectively termed, by ana- 
 tomists, the anterior and posterior chamber 
 of the eye, la chambre anterieure et 
 posterieure de Vceil, F., vordere und hin- 
 tere augen/fammer, G. : although, subse- 
 quently to the expiration of the foetal 
 state, they form but one cavity. Geof- 
 froy-St.-Hilaire, distinguishes, in the vocal 
 tube, a laryngeal and lingual chamber. 
 
 CHAMPIGNON, s. m., fungus, m. L., 
 schwamm, m. G. The Fungi, Champig- 
 nons, Schw'dmme, constitute a distinct 
 Orde^ in the Class, Cryptogamia, of Lin- 
 naeus, a Family in the systems of those 
 who adopt the natural method. They 
 are distinguished, by their peculiarity of 
 figure, simplicity of organization, and the 
 absence of leaves and flowers, from ordi- 
 nary plants. The best classification of 
 the Fungi is that of Persoon ; who distri- 
 butes them into two Orders : champignons 
 gymnocarpes, with the seedlets, seminules, 
 F., situated on their exterior surface ; 
 and angiocarpes, deposited interiorly. 
 By chemical analysis, they are shewn to 
 consist principally of a peculiar substance, 
 see FONGINE, several new acids, albu- 
 men, adipocire, and osmazome. The 
 greater part of them are, apparently, use- 
 less to man ; some edible ; and a few in- 
 teresting to the physician from their me- 
 dicinal or deleterious qualities. For an 
 account of the Classification of the Fungi, 
 see Persoon, Synopsis Fungorum MetJwdi- 
 ca, 2 voL, 8vo., Goettingae, 1801 ; of the 
 edible species, Traile des Champignons 
 comestibles, 8vo. Paris, 1818; of the edi- 
 ble and poisonous, Roques, Histoire des 
 Champignons comestibles et ve.ne.neux, 4to. 
 Paris, 1832 ; of the poisonous, Gmelin, 
 Allg. Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, p. 632 ; 
 Orfila, Lecons de Med. Legale,v. hi, p. 322. 
 124 
 
 CHA 
 
 CHANCRE, s. m., schanker, m. G. : tbo 
 popular designation of a syphilitic ulcer, 
 ein venerisches geschwiir, G. The 
 term is, also, applied, in French, to the 
 aphthae of children, aphthes des enfans, 
 the cankers, of British writers. CHAN- 
 CREUX, adj., schankerartig, cancrosus : 
 Ex. CJlcus cancrosum, L. a chancrous sore. 
 
 CHAPEAU, s. m., sr/Xaj, pileus, m. L., 
 hut, m. G., hat : a name applied, in 
 Botany, to the disk which terminates the 
 pedicle, or stem, of the gymnccarpal fun- 
 gi, see CHAMPIGNON. In the Agarici, 
 the pileus is furnished, beneath, with gills, 
 lames, F., lamellae, L,. ; in the Soleti, 
 with tubes vertically arranged. 
 
 CHAPITEAU, s. in., capitulum, n, L. : 
 the head, or upper portion, of a distilling- 
 apparatus, hut eines brennkolbens, G., 
 in which are condensed the vapours 
 arising from the retort. 
 
 CHAPPEDENADE, CHAPPETONADE, s. f.: 
 Vomiting, accompanied with furious deli- 
 rium, vomitusrabiosus, L., an affection 
 to which Europeans, who travel in tropi- 
 cal climates, are peculiarly obnoxious. 
 
 CHARBON, s. m., carbo, m. L.., holz- 
 kohle, fl G., charcoal : a compound of 
 carbon kohlenstoff, G., with hydrogen 
 and divers saline and earthy substances ; 
 employed, in medicine, both internally 
 and externally, as an antiseptic. Charbon 
 fossile, de terre, F., kohle, fl G., com- 
 mon coaL In Animal Pathology, a car- 
 buncle, or malignant boil. See FURON- 
 CLE. In Vegetable Pathology, a disease 
 of plants, produced by a parasitic fungus, 
 of the genus, Uredo , differing from CA- 
 RIES, in its blacker hue, and more frequent 
 development upon barley and oats than 
 
 wheat. CHARBONNEUX, adj,, anthra- 
 
 coides, L.., zum karbunkel geho'rig, G., 
 carbuncular, belonging to carbuncle or an- 
 thrax. 
 
 CHARDON-BENIT. See CENTAUREE. 
 
 CHARNU, adj., carnosus, L,., -j*/*aj, 
 tragxoufas, fleischig, G., fleshy : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Anatomy, to the muscular 
 fibre, f.charnueoumusculaire, F., or that 
 portion of a muscle which is composed of 
 red fibres : also, to the fleshy pillars, co- 
 lonnes charnues, F., columnae carneee, L., 
 die^?eiscAsaulchen, G., which exist in 
 the interior of both ventricles of the 
 heart. Pannicule charnue, panniculus 
 carnosus, L. : the muscular membrane ad- 
 herent to the skin of certain animals, as 
 the horse; and communicating to it an ex- 
 tensive power of motion. In Surgery, 
 bourgeons charnus, F.: the cellular and vas- 
 cular excrescences, granulations, which 
 are developed on the surface of wounds 
 and sores, in the process of cicatrization. 
 
 In Botany, employed to designate the 
 fruit, or oth'er part, or organ, of plants,
 
 CHA 
 
 principally consisting of a succulent cel- 
 lular tissue ; as the arille of Myristica, the 
 axis of Bromelia ananas, the leaves of Ci- 
 neraria carnea, the spadix of Ca//a palus- 
 tris, the pericarp of Pyrus, the stigma of 
 Lilium candidum, the roo< of Bryonia, and 
 perisperm of Ricinus. 
 
 CHARPIE, s. f., ^OTCK, linamentnm, n. 
 L., charpie, f. G., lint : in French Sur- 
 gery, the filamentous substance resulting 
 from destruction of the tissue of old linen ; 
 and consequently differing from the ma- 
 nufactured lint of England, charpie an- 
 glaise. The French have two kinds of 
 charpie : one, brute, which consists of 
 linen cut into minute pieces ; the other, 
 
 rupee, liritea carpta, L., gezupfte 
 
 leinwand, G., scraped linen. 
 
 CHAS, s. m., acus foramen, L., na- 
 deliihr, n. G. . the eye of the needle em- 
 ployed in Surgery. 
 
 CHASSE, s. , manubrium, n. L. : a 
 term applied to the two pieces of tortoise- 
 shell or other substance ; which, moving 
 on a pivot, enclose and protect the lancet- 
 blade of surgeons. 
 
 CHASSIE, s. f., augenbutter, f. G. : the 
 sebaceous humour, secreted on the mar- 
 gins of the eye-lids, by the Meibomian 
 glands ; and frequently, when in a mor- 
 bid condition, causing these organs to ad- 
 here. CHASSIEUX, adj. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to the eye or eye-lids, 
 
 (Eil chassieux, oculus lippiens, L., 
 triefendes auge, G., paupieres chassieuses, 
 F., when smeared with a redundant se- 
 cretion from the ciliary glands, see 
 
 LirPiTUDE ; hence, also, signifying blear- 
 eyed, yXa^oV, lippus, triefaugig, 
 
 CHATAIGNE, s. f., xa<rrvv, castanea, 
 f. L,., kastanie, f. G., chestnut: the 
 well-known fruit of the CHATAIGJUER, s. 
 m., Castanea vulgaris, formerly Fagus 
 castanea ( Monoecia, polyandr.; Amentacece), 
 
 L., der Kastanienbaum, G., Spanish 
 
 Chestnut-tree ; which supplies a grateful 
 farinaceous aliment, more highly valued 
 when the tree has been grafted ; and then 
 termed, in French, marron. 
 
 CHATON, s. m., amentum, n. L., 
 katzchen, n. G., catkin, so called from 
 its fancied resemblance to a cafs tail: in 
 Botany, an assemblage of unisexual flow- 
 ers, disposed in a spike upon a common 
 axis, by the intervention of bractese which 
 perform the office of particular peduncles. 
 The catkin is drooping, pendant, F.. in 
 the birch and hazel; and upright, dresse, 
 in the fir. In Anatomy, the term, Cha- 
 tow. is applied to an osseous ridge which 
 surrounds the base of the styloid process 
 of the temporal bone: in PathoJogy, to 
 the cavity sometimes formed by the womb, 
 after expulsion of the foetus, and retaining 
 the placenta. CHATONNE, adj., incarce- 
 
 125 
 
 CHE 
 
 ratus, L. : Ex. Calcul chalonne, an urina- 
 ry concretion encysted in, or adherent to, 
 the parietes of the bladder. CHATONNE- 
 MEXT, s. m., incarceratio, f. L.: Chat, 
 du placenta, F., retention of the secun- 
 dines in a pouch of the uterus, resulting 
 from irregular contraction of its fibres. 
 
 CHATRE, adj., castratus, L. See CAS- 
 TRAT. CHATHEH, v. a., castrare, L., 
 castriren, entmannen, verschneiden, G., 
 to castrate. CHATREUR, s. m., castra- 
 
 tor, verschneider, one who performs 
 
 such operation, CHATRURE, s. f. See 
 CASTRATION. 
 
 CHAUME, s. m., culmus, m. L., halm, 
 m. G., culm : in Botany, the cylindrical 
 stem of the Graminece ; furnished, at cer- 
 tain distances, with knots, nosuds, F., 
 halmknoten, G., from each of which ari- 
 ses a leaf with a sheathing petiole. 
 
 CHAUVE, adj., tpx^ax^s, calvus, L., 
 kahl, G., bald: an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to a seed, graine chauve, F., se- 
 men muticum, L., destitute of hairs, as in 
 Vinca : in Zoology, to birds whose head, 
 like that of Tantalus calvus, is bare of fea- 
 thers. 
 
 CHATJX, s. f., calx, m. L., kalk, m. 
 G., lime : the ancient and now vulgar 
 designation of protoxyde of calcium, pro- 
 toxide de calcium, F., kalkoxyd, kalcium- 
 oxyd, G. ; an alkaline earth, very exten- 
 sively diffused. Lime does not exist, in 
 nature, in a state of purity; but is ob- 
 tained, by calculation, from the carbonate. 
 It is frequently employed in Surgery, as 
 a callieretic and" depilatory : and forms the 
 base of an Officinal Preparation, Eau de 
 chaux, F., Aqua Liquor calcis, I/., 
 kalkwasser, G., Lime-water,- of great 
 efficacy in Scrofula, and certain chronic 
 affections of the stomach and kidney. 
 
 Chaux eteinte, geloschter kalk, G., 
 
 slaked lime : an hydrate of the oxide of 
 calcium. vive, atzender , gebrann- 
 ter , lebendiger , luftleerer kflk, reine 
 
 kalkerde, caustic , burnt - , quick , 
 
 pure lime: protoxide of calcium freed, by 
 the action of fire, from the water and car- 
 bonic acid contained in the native lime- 
 stone. 
 
 CHEILALGIE, s. f., cheilalgia, f. (xi7\o;, 
 the lip, aXyaj, pain), L., lippenschmerz, 
 m. G., pain in the lips. 
 
 CHEILITE, s. f., cheilitis, f. (ytT^os), 
 L., lippenentziindung, f. G., inflamma- 
 tion of the lips. 
 
 CHEILOCACE, s. m. (%s7iaf, and *,-, 
 evil), F. and L., eine rothe harte lippen- 
 geschwulst ohne hitze und schmerz, die 
 nicht in eiterung iibergeht, und bes. hau- 
 fig in England und Schottland, am meist- 
 en bei kindern vorkommt, G., a red and 
 indurated swelling of the lips, without heat 
 or pain, not terminating in suppuration,
 
 CHE 
 
 and frequently occurring in England and 
 Scotland, for the most part, in children. 
 
 CHEILOCARCINOME, s. m., cheilocarci- 
 noma, n. (%t7>.i>f, the lip, xa^iva>/u,x, can- 
 cer), L., lippenkrebs, ra. G., cancer of 
 the lip. 
 
 CHEILON, s. m., cheiloncus, m. (same, 
 and oyxos, tumour), L., eine harte lip- 
 pengeschwulst, G., an indurated swelling 
 of the lip: thus differing from CHEILO- 
 PHYME, s. m., cheilophyma, n. L.., 
 which, compounded of %i7x<>s, and qiupa,, 
 swelling, is represented, by the German 
 Kraus, as designative of a yielding, cede- 
 matous swelling of the lip, eine nachgieb- 
 ige b'dematose lippengeschwulst. 
 
 CHEILORRHAGIE, s. f., cheilorrhagia, f. 
 (same, and pjywfti, I burst out), L., lip- 
 penblutung, i. G., hcemorrhage from the 
 lips. 
 
 CHELIDOINE, s. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Chelidonium (Polyandria, monogyn. : Pa- 
 paveracece), L., die Schwalbenwurz, das 
 
 Schellkraut, G., Celandine. To the 
 
 principal species, Ch. majus, la grande 
 
 chelidoine, F., %t*.i%oni>v, grosses .ge- 
 
 meines schellkraut, a common Europe- 
 an plant, valuable medicinal properties 
 are, by some, attributed. It is powerfully 
 purgative and emetic: the root intensely 
 bitter. The greater Celandine probably 
 derives its Greek designation from the cir- 
 cumstance of its flowering about the pe- 
 riod of the arrival of the swallow, ^sA;Sv ; 
 its popular French name, 1' 'eclair, from 
 the reputed efficacy of its yellow and acrid 
 juice in destroying opacities of the cornea, 
 as well as curing warts, tetter, ring-worm, 
 and itch. The Germans have an Extract 
 and Distilled Water, Schellkraut-Extract, 
 und Wasser, of this plant. 
 
 CHELONEE, s. f. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 
 Chelonia, formerly Tesludo, belonging 
 
 to the Order, Cheloniens,Y. of the Reptile 
 Class. It contains only the marine tor- 
 toises, or turtles, tortues de mer, F., meer- 
 schildkroten, G. The principal species, 
 Chelonia midas, la tortue franche, die 
 griine schildkrote, common turtle, an 
 inhabitant of equatorial seas, is highly 
 valued, as an article of luxury, by the Eu- 
 ropean epicure ; and recommended, in 
 broth, for the cure of scorbutus and cer- 
 tain cutaneous affections. The egg, also, 
 is very nutritious. Another species, C. 
 imbricata, le caret, die carette, hawk's- 
 bill turtle, supplies the tortoise-shell, 
 Yecaille de tortue, die schildkrotenschale, 
 so extensively employed in the arts. 
 CHE LONG PHAGE, s. m. and adj., %&uva- 
 Quyos, chelonophagus, L., one who feeds 
 upon turtle. 
 
 CHEXONIEJTS, s. m. pi., Chelonia (vi- 
 AV), a tortoise), L. : the 1st of the four 
 Orders of the Class, Reptilia, in modern 
 
 126 
 
 CHE 
 
 systems of Zoology ; including all the a- 
 nimals, die schildenkrotenartigen thiere, 
 G., of the tortoise and turtle kind. The 
 principal distinguishing character of the 
 Order is the possession of a solid envelope 
 on the back, %i\uvttav, see CARAPACE, 
 and of a similar covering PLASTRON, 
 on the abdomen. 
 
 CHEMOSIS, s. f., F. and L., %v/xaffis . 
 violent inflammation of the conjunctiva 
 oculi; causing this membrane to form an 
 elevated ridge around the cornea, which 
 consequently appears sunk in the bottom 
 of a cavity. 
 
 CHENE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Quercus ( Monoecia, polyandr. ; Amenta- 
 cece), L., die Eiche, G., Oak ; contain- 
 ing several species of great utilicy to man : 
 1. The common oak, Q. robur, chene or- 
 dinaire, rouvre, F., %$%, loheiche, G. ; 
 bark, quercus cortex., eicherinde, as- 
 tringent and febrifuge; roasted fruit (a- 
 corris), quercus glandae tostse, glandes 
 torrijies, gerostete eicheln, recommend- 
 ed in Scrofula : 2. Evergreen, and 3. Bar- 
 
 bary Oak, Q. ilex, ch. verte, immer- 
 
 griine , and Q. ballota, ch. ballote, see 
 BELLOTAS; fruit edible : 4. Cork-tree, 
 Q. suber, le liege, korkbaum ; furnishes 
 cork: 5. Dyer's oak, Q. infectoria, ch. 
 des teinturiers ; supplies the well-known 
 nut-galls, quercus gallse, noix de galle, 
 turkische oder aleppische gallapfel, 
 see GALLE, of which the Germans have 
 an Officinal Tincture, Gallapfeltinctur 
 and 6. Kermes oak, Q. coccifera, ch. au 
 kermes, kermeseiche, on the leaves of 
 which the insect, coccus, producing the 
 animal kermes, see KEHMES, is found. 
 
 CHENILLE, s. f., x^sr, eruca, f. L., 
 raupe, f. G., caterpillar : in Entomo- 
 logy, the larva of Lepidopterous Insects. 
 See Merian, Erucarum Ortus, Alimentum, 
 et Paradoxa Metamorphosis, 4to. Amste- 
 laedami $ et Boisduval, Collection Icono- 
 graph. et Historique des Chenilles a'' Europe. 
 Paris, 1832. Many caterpillars acquire 
 great interest from the injuries which 
 they inflict on the person and property of 
 man, or the benefits which they confer by 
 their dietetic qualities, and products. See 
 BOMBYCE, PYTHIOCAMPE, VER A SOIE ; 
 and Cloquet, Faune des Mid., v. iv, p. 41. 
 
 CHEVAL, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Equus ( Mammifera, Solipeda, Cuv., Soli- 
 dungula, Bl.), containing only the horse, 
 E. caballus, cheval ordinaire, 'ivrvrof. das 
 pferd ; the ass, see ANE ; the zebra, E. 
 zebra, zebre ; and a few other extra-Eu- 
 ropean species. For an account of the 
 dietetic properties of the milk of the fe- 
 male, Cavale, F., see LAIT. 
 
 CHEVAUCHEMENT, s. m., equitatio, f. 
 L. : in Surgical Pathology, the riding of 
 one extremity of a fractured bone longi-
 
 CHE 
 
 tudinally on the other : most frequently 
 occurring in oblique fractures ; caused by 
 a bad position, and obviously productive 
 of shortening, of the injured limb. 
 
 CHEVELU, s. m., and adj., capillamen- 
 tum, n. L. : in Anatomy, that part of the 
 head upon which the hair grows, the 
 hairy scalp, le cuir chevelu, F. : in Bota- 
 ny, the assemblage of fibrilles (fibrillce, 
 Candolle, radiculce, Smith), which are 
 attached to the ultimate ramifications of 
 minutely divided roots ; as those, ratines 
 chevelues, F., radices capillamentosce, .L., 
 Aaarwurzeln, G., of Erica: applied, 
 also, as an epithet, to a seed, graine che- 
 
 velue, semen comosum, L., furnished, 
 
 like that of Epilobium, with a tuft of long 
 hairs. 
 
 CHEVELURE, s. f., xo^, %a.irv, capil- 
 litium, n., caesaries, f. L., haupthaar, n. 
 G. : in Anatomy, the collection or bush 
 of hair covering the head. In Botany, 
 the tuft of hairs, coma, L., which forms 
 a kind of aigrette to certain seeds. 
 
 CHEVEU, s. m., ^/|, capillus, m. L., 
 haar, m. G. The term, cheveux, pi., is 
 applied, in Anatomy, to the hairs which 
 cover the human cranium, from the lower 
 occipital region to the limit of the fore- 
 head ; descending circularly around the 
 head, from the vertex. The hairs spring 
 from a bulb situated in the subcutane- 
 ous cellular tissue ; and are composed of 
 two parts : one exterior, tubular, trans- 
 parent, of an epidermoid nature; the 
 other, interior, sui generis, imparting to 
 the hair its peculiar colour, and apparent- 
 ly enjoying a very low degree of vitality. 
 
 CHKVRE, s. f. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Capra ( Mammifera, Ruminantia, Cuv., 
 JBisulca, Bl.), L., die Geiss, G., Goat, 
 comprehending several species celebrat- 
 ed for the production of the Bessoar. See 
 BEZOARD. The wild goat, C. ibex, 
 bouquetin, F steinbock, G., the Angola 
 
 kamelziege, distinguished by its long 
 
 and silky hair, and C. cegagrus, eegagre, 
 from which all the varieties of the do- 
 mestic goat have descended, belong to this 
 genus. The sheep, see MOUTON, once 
 included in, is now separated from, it. 
 
 Also, the female of the domestic goat, 
 C. hircus, chevre domestique. See Bouc, 
 perhaps more precisely designated, in 
 German, by the term, Ziegenbock. The 
 she-goat, capra, AJg, ziege, is valua- 
 ble for the milk ziegenmilch, G., which 
 she yields, seeLAiT ; and the flesh of the 
 
 kid, hcedus, chevreau, 'ipityos, (igityv, 
 
 fern.), ziegenbocklein, is still consumed, 
 
 in some countries, as an article of diet 
 
 The absurd employment of the horns, 
 dried blood, suet, and excrement of the goat, 
 for the cure of diseases, has been long 
 exploded. 
 
 127 
 
 CHI 
 
 CHEVREFEUILLE, s. f. : a genus, in Bo- 
 tany, Caprifolium ( Pentandria, monogyn.), 
 L., -das Geissblatt, G., Honey-suckle, 
 containing several species lately sepa- 
 rated from Lonicera, and forming the type 
 of the Natural Family of the CAPRIFOLI- 
 ACEES, s. m. pi., Capiifoliacea, JL. Two 
 species, C. italicum, ch. des jardins, Ita- 
 lian honey -suckle, and C. periclymenum, 
 ch. des bois, wood-bine, are occasionally 
 employed in French medicine. The leaves, 
 fruit, and flowers, reputed diwetic ; and, 
 from the mucous principle Avhich they 
 contain, useful in inflammatory affections. 
 
 CHEVRETTE, s. f. : in Zoology, the fe- 
 male of the Cervus capreolus. See CERF. 
 
 CHEVROTANT, adj. See EGOPHONIE. 
 
 CHICOREE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cichorium ( Syngenesia, polpgam. cequal. ; 
 Cichoracece ), L., die Cichorie, G., Suc- 
 cory, containing, among others, two di- 
 etetic and medicinal species : the one, 
 wild Succory, C. intybus, ch. sauvage, F., 
 xi%un, bitter, tonic, aperitive, eaten, 
 blanched, as a salad, under the title of 
 barbe de capucin ; the root roasted and 
 ground, used, by the indigent, as a sub- 
 stitute for coffee ; the other, Endive, 
 C. endivia, ch. des jardins, a native of 
 the East ; consumed either boiled or as 
 salad : of which the Scariole, F. consti- 
 tutes a variety. 
 
 CHIENDIENT, s. m., literally dog- 
 tooth : a popular designation, in French, 
 of two plants, Triticum repens, couch- 
 grass, froment rampant, F. ; and Digitaria 
 stolonifera ( Cynodon dactylon, of Smith), 
 creeping Dogs'-tooth-grass, panic stolo- 
 nifere ( Triandria, digyn. ; Gramineae) : 
 both, saccharine and mucilaginous ; and 
 largely employed, in French practice, as 
 aperient and diuretic. See TISANE. 
 
 CHIMIATRE, CHYMIATRE, s. m., che- 
 miater, chemiatros, m. (xvpiia, chemistry, 
 largos, a physician), L., chemiater, m., 
 ein arzt aus der chemischen schule, G. : a 
 practitioner of the iatro-chemical (chemisch- 
 medicinische ) school or sect, a professor 
 of CHIMIATRIE, s. f., chemiatria, f. L. : 
 that peculiar system of medicine, in which 
 all the phenomena of the animal economy, 
 physiological and pathological, are deemed 
 explicable by the laws of Chemist: y; all 
 its diseases, curable by chemical remedies. 
 
 CHIMIE, s. f., %npiiei, modern Greek, 
 (probably derived from the Arabic, chema, 
 a secret), chemia, chymia, f. L., chemie 
 oder chymik, scheidekunst, f. G. Chemis- 
 try is that branch of the natural sciences 
 which searches into the constituent prin- 
 ciples of bodies, and examines the peculiar 
 properties of their component elements ; 
 indicates their various combinations, and 
 all the forms under which those combina- 
 tions may be manifested ; and determines
 
 CHI 
 
 the laws according to which the elemen- 
 tary molecules of all bodies act upon each 
 other. On the various departments of 
 Chemical Science, all deeply interesting 
 to the enlightened and philosophic student 
 of medicine, the following works may be 
 advantageously consulted: Berzelius, De 
 r Analyse des Corps Organiques, Paris, 
 1827 ,* Cray Lussac et Thenard, Cours de 
 Chimie, comprenant I'Histoire des Sels, el la 
 Chimie Animaleet Vegetale, 1828; and Or- 
 fila, Elemens de Chimie Mf.dicale^ Paris, 
 1831. CHIMIQUE, adj., chemicus, L., 
 chemisch, scheidekiinstlerisch, zur scheid- 
 ekunst gehorig, G., chemical, pertaining 
 to Chemistry : Ex. Analyse , proccde chi-> 
 
 mique, F., chemical analysis, process ; 
 
 ft %riju,iuTi (r'i%vv), ars chemica, L., die 
 chemische scheidekunstige-* wissenschaft, 
 G., chemical science. 
 
 CHIMISTE, s. m chemicus, m. L chy- 
 
 mist, scheidekiinstler, m. G., ^a chemist. 
 
 CHIQUE, s. f. : in Entomology, a species 
 of Pulex. See PUCE. 
 
 CHIRAGRE, s. f., ^t^ay^a, chiragra, 
 f. L., handgicht, f. G., gout in the hand. 
 
 CHIRARTHROCACE, s. f. (%& hand, 
 &{fye, joint, **?, faulty), F. and L., 
 handgelenkkrankheit, f., entzundung und 
 beinfrass am handyelenke, G., inflamma- 
 tion and caries of the radio-carpal articula- 
 tion, art. radio-carpienne, F. 
 
 CHIRIATRE, s. m., chiriater, m. fai/j 
 , and jWjj, physician), I.,., handarzt, 
 G. Syn. with CHIRURGIEX ; as CHIRIA- 
 TRIE, s. f., chiriatria, f. L,., with 
 
 CHIRURGIE, a. f., ^n^^'yia. (%MP , 
 and gya, work), chirurgia, f. L., cnir- 
 urgie, wundarzneikunde, f. G., surgery : 
 that department of medical science where- 
 in the hand, either alone or furnished with 
 instruments, is employed in the preven- 
 tion and cure of diseases. According to 
 this definition, the common division of 
 Surgery into medical and operative is obvi- 
 ously incorrect. Acoustic and ophthalmic 
 Surgery, too frequently practised in an 
 exclusive and isolated manner, are branch- 
 es of the art with which every surgeon 
 should be intimately acquainted. CHIR- 
 UHGICAL, CHIRURGIQ.UE, adj., x,'-'^"^'' 
 xos, chirurgicus, chirurgisch, wundarz- 
 neilich, chirurgical, surgical, relating to 
 surgery : Ex. Anatomie chirurgicale, sur- 
 gical anatomy, see AKATOMIE, consti- 
 tuting one of the four divisions of Bour- 
 gery's splendid Traite Complet de V Anato- 
 mie de rilomme ; instruments chirurgicaux, 
 chirurgische instrumente, G., surgical 
 instruments. See, also, Sprengel, Gesch- 
 ich'e der Chirurgie, 8vo. Halle, 1825 ; 
 Kicherand, Nosographie et Therapeutique 
 Chirurgicales, Paris, 1821 ; Histoire des 
 progr&s recens de Chirurgie. Paris, 1825 ; 
 Chelius, Handbuch der Chirurgie, Heidel- 
 
 128 
 
 CHL 
 
 berg, 182C; and Sabbatier, De la Mede- 
 cine Operuloire, Paris, 1832. 
 
 CHIRUHGIEN, s. m., z''?""^^, chir- 
 urgus, m. L., chirurg, wundarzt, m. G., 
 surgeon : a practitioner of surgery, 
 wundarzneikunst, f. G. 
 
 CHLORATE, s. m., chloras, m. L., 
 chlorsalz, m. G. : in Chemistry, a genus 
 of salts, chlorsaure salze, G., resulting 
 from the combination of chloric acid, see 
 
 CHLORIQUE, with salifiable bases; as 
 
 the chlorate of lime, chlorate de chaux, 
 F., chloras calcis, L. 
 
 CHLORE, s. m., chlorina, f., chlorum, 
 n. (;>.&>?, green), L. chlor, n., chlorine, f. 
 G. and . : a name given, by Davy, from 
 its^/'eenwA-yellow colour. to the oxygen- 
 ated (oxy-) muriatic acid, aride muria- 
 tique oxigene ou oximuriatique, F., of pre- 
 ceding chemists. It has the property of 
 destroying animal and vegetable colours ; 
 and noxious miasmata, when employed in 
 fumigation. Introduced into the animal 
 economy, violently irritant and poisonous. 
 
 CHLOREUX, adj., chlorosus, L. The 
 Euchlorine, of Davy, discovered in 1811, 
 =oxide chloreux, protoxide de chlore, F., 
 chloroxydiil, G., constitutes t\\e first de- 
 gree of oxydation, the protoxyde of chlor- 
 ine : chlorous acid, a. chloreux, F., chlo- 
 rige siiure, G., the second, or deutoxyde. 
 See CHLORKII/E. 
 
 CHLORIODATE, s. m., chloriodas, n. L., 
 chloriodsalz, n. G. : a salt formed by 
 
 the combination of chloriodic acid, a. 
 
 chloriodique, F., with a salifiable base 
 CHLCRIODIQUE, adj., chloriodicus, L., 
 chloriodsauer, G. : an epithet applied, in 
 conjunction with acid, by Davy, to chloride 
 of iodine, from its possessing the property 
 of reddening vegetable blues. 
 
 CHi,oRi(iUE, adj., chloricus, L., 
 
 chlorsauer, G. Chloric acid, a. Morique, 
 cA/wsaure, resulting from the combi- 
 nation of one volume of chlorine with two 
 volumes and a half of oxygen, forms the 
 third degree of o.rygenation of chlorine: the 
 
 perchloric, acide oxichlorique, chlorique 
 
 oxigenc, perchlorique, F oxydirte chlor- 
 saure, G., constitutes the fourth. See 
 CHLOHEUX. 
 
 CHLORITE, s. m., chloris, m. L. : a 
 genus of salts, chlorigsaure salze, G., 
 resulting from combination of chlorous acid, 
 see CHLOHECX, with salifiable bases. 
 
 CHLOROCYANATE, s. m., chlorocyanas, 
 n. L.., chlorcyansalz, n. G. : a term gi- 
 ven to a genus of salts, chlorblausaure 
 salze, G., resulting from the combina- 
 tion of chlorocyanic acid, n. chlorocyanique, 
 formerly prussique ojtigSne, F., chlorcy- 
 rtwsaure, oxygemrte blausaure, G., with 
 various salifiable bases. 
 
 CHLOROPHOSPHATE, s. m., chlorophos- 
 phas, n. L. : a salt, ein chlorphosphor-
 
 CHO 
 
 saures salz, G., resulting from the com- 
 bination of chlorophospkoric acid, a. ch/oro- 
 phosphorique, F., chlorophosphors&ure, G., 
 with a salifiable base. The acid, itself, 
 is a saturated compound of chlorine and 
 phosphorus. 
 
 CHLOROPHYLLS, s. f., chlorophylla, f. 
 (;X<y0j, green, <pi/'xxs>>, leaf), L., chloro- 
 phyll, griinstorf, m. G., chlorophyle : the 
 green matter of the leaves of plants, erro- 
 neously regarded, by Pelletier, as an im- 
 mediate principle of vegetables. The 
 German Kraus proposes to call it Phyl- 
 lochlor. 
 
 CHLOROSIS, s. f. (^xo?), F. and I*, 
 bleichsucht, f. G. : in Pathology, a dis- 
 ease peculiar to females ; characterized by 
 general languor, a pale or greenish colour 
 of the skin, and divers nervous phenome- 
 na : almost invariably connected with ob- 
 struction or irregularity of the menstrual 
 process. CHLOROTIIUK, adj., chloroti- 
 cus, bleichsuchtig, chloroiic, suffering 
 from chlorosis. 
 
 CHLOROXYCARBONATE,S. m.,-^-chlorox- 
 ycarbonas, n. L* : in Chemistry, a salt, >- 
 
 chlorkohlensaures salz, G., resulting 
 
 from the combination of the acide chlorojcy- 
 carbonique, F., chlorkohlensiiure, G. 3 
 with a salifiable base. 
 
 CHLORURE, s. m.,^-chloniretum, n. I/., 
 chloriir, n. G., chloride : in Chemis- 
 try, the name given to combinations of 
 chlorine with simple bodies. The princi- 
 pal chlorides, employed in Medicine, are 
 the following: Chlor. d'antimoine, F., 
 chloruretum -murias- antimonii, L., 
 chlorinantimon, sabssaures antimonoxyd, 
 spiessglanzbutter, G., chloride, muri- 
 ate formerly butter of antimony ; de 
 barium, chloruretum barii, chlorinbai i- 
 um, chloride of barium, muriate of bary- 
 ta ; de calcium, chloruretum calcii, 
 chlorincalcium, chloride of calcium, mu- 
 riate of lime ; de mercure, chlorure- 
 tum hydrargyri, two combinations, 1. 
 proto-chlorure^, mercure doux, submuri- 
 as hydrargyri, calomeks, mercurius mitis, 
 quecksill'berprotochlorur, mildes chlo-^ 
 rinquecksilber,^_proto-chloride submu- 
 riate of mercury, and 2. deuto-chlorure, 
 
 sublime, corrosif, murias oxymurias 
 
 hydrargyri, quecksilberdeutochloriir, at- 
 
 zendes chlorinquecksilber, bi- deuto- 
 
 chloride muriate oxymuriate of mer- 
 cury ; de potassium, chloruretum po- 
 tassii, chlorinkalium, chloride of potas- 
 sium, muriate of potass ; and de sodium, 
 sel marine, ordinaire, chloruretum sodii, 
 
 chlornatronium, chloride of sodium, 
 
 muriate of sodav 
 
 CHOANOIDE, adj., choanoides, choanoi- 
 deus (%!>a.yes, a funnel, iTbo;, resemblance), 
 L., trichterformig, G. : in Comparative 
 Anatomy, the name of a muscle, m. choa- 
 
 129 
 
 CHO 
 
 noldes, suspensorius, L,., which sur- 
 rounds the optic nerve of the Mammiferet ; 
 extending from the margin of the optic 
 foramen, to the posterior half of the scle- 
 rotica, and serving to retract the eye-ball. 
 It is seen, also, in the Amphibia ; and con- 
 stitutes the only muscle of the eye, in the 
 mole. It does not exist in the Quadiu- 
 mana, nor in man, 
 
 CHOANORRHAGIE, s. f., F. and G.,^~cho-i 
 anorrhagia, f. (x,o.vn, the posterior nostrils, 
 pvyvvftt, I burst forth),- L., haemorrhage 
 from the posterior nares, blutrluss aus 
 den choanen, die hintern offhungen der 
 nasenlocher, G. 
 
 CHOCOLATE, s. m., chocolatum, n. L.., 
 schokolate, f. G. : a paste prepared with 
 roasted cacao-nut and sugar, For alimentary 
 purposes. Ch. de sante, without aroma- 
 tic ingredients ; nutritive :a la vanille, 
 aromatized ;^ nutritive and excitant. 
 
 CHOLAGOGTJE, adj; (^;x, bile, Hya, I 
 expel), L. : an epithet, in Materia Medi- 
 ca, applied to remedies Cholagogues, pi., 
 F., ^oKayiaya, <fxiiftaxu,-^cholagOffa, L., 
 galle ausleeferide mittel, G.,-*.whieh espe- 
 cially oj^erate upon, and excite, the biliary 
 secretion. 
 
 CHOLECYSTE, s. f., cholecystis, f. 
 
 (xo*.ri, KvffTis, bladder), L., gallenblase, 
 f. G. : in Anatomy, the gall-bladder, an 
 organ existing in most of the Vertebrata ; 
 but deficient in some, as the horse. CHO- 
 
 LKCYSTIQUE, adj., cholecysticus, zur 
 
 gallenblase gehorig. CHOLKCYSTITE, s. f., 
 cholecystitis, f. L., gallenblasenent- 
 ziindung: in Pathology, inflammation of 
 the gall-bladder. 
 
 CHOLEnoGRAPHiE, s. f., chaledogra- 
 phia, f. (^aXw, y^atyu, I describe), L., 
 beschreibung der gatlenoraane, G., -descrip- 
 tion of the biliary apparatus. CHOLEDO- 
 LOGIE, s. f., choledologia, f. (%oKvi, xyj, 
 discourse), die lehre von Aer galle, trea- 
 tise upon history of the bile or its secre- 
 tory organ. These terms are, by Kraus, 
 written Cholographia and Cholologia, L. 
 
 CHOLEDOQUE, adj., ^OX^OKOS (receiv- 
 ing or containing bile), choledochus, L., 
 -x_galle fiihrend, G. : a term, in Anatomy, 
 applied to the common biliary duct, duc- 
 tus communis choledochus, L.., der ge- 
 meinschaftliche gallengang, G., resulting 
 from an union of the cystic and hepatic 
 ducts. See CANAL. 
 
 CHOLELITHE, s. f., cholelithus, m. 
 
 (;x!, bile, xWf, a stone, L., gallenstein, 
 m. G., a gall-stone. 
 
 CIISLEMESIE, s. f., cholemesia, f. L.* 
 xehyfi.!?!*, ein gallichtes erbrechen, G., 
 a bilious vomiting. 
 
 CHOLKPOIESE, s. f., eholepoiesis, f. 
 
 (^oX, bile, #/>i'iu, I make), L., gallenbe- 
 reitung, f. G., secretion of bile. CHOIJB- 
 PQIETIQUE, ? adj., xeXaaWf, cholepoie- 
 
 K
 
 CHO 
 
 ticus : an epithet, in Physiology, applied 
 to the liver, as a bile-secreting organ. 
 
 CHOLEPYRE, s. f., cholepyra, (x.'^> 
 bile, whirls, fever), L. : a term, in Pa- 
 thology, employed to designate bilious fe- 
 ver, fievre bilieuse, F., gallenfieber, G. 
 
 CHOLERA, s. m. ^x^ (%<>**>> /* I 
 flow), cholera, f. L., gallenruhr, brech- 
 ruhr, f. G. : in Pathology, the name of a 
 disease characterized by re-iterated and 
 painful evacuations of bile per os et anum ; 
 with general anxiety, profound alteration 
 of the physiognomy, syncope, and convul- 
 sion. The term, morbus, is an absurd and 
 useless appendage ; since an inordinate se- 
 cretion of bile necessarily constitutes a 
 state of disease. 
 
 The common European Cholera, ordina- 
 rily occurring in autumn, is a disease of 
 intestinal irritation, and utterly distinct 
 from the plague, of Asiatic origin, which, 
 probably excited by the operation of a 
 gaseous poison on the brain and nervous 
 system, has, during the last seventeen 
 years, inflicted such dreadful devastations 
 upon the human race : and it is evident 
 that the term, Cfiolera, cannot, consistent- 
 ly with sound views of nomenclature and 
 of practice, be applied to an aifection in 
 which the secretion of bile is invariably 
 suppressed ; and which, in its more appall- 
 ing forms, does not exhibit the characte- 
 ristic phenomena of Cholera, vomiting 
 and diarrhoea. 
 
 CHOLERICIUE, adj., %t>\<txos, choleri- 
 cus, L., cholerisch, zum cholerischen 
 zustande gehorig, G., choleric, pertain- 
 ing to the choleric state : Ex. Fievre , 
 temperament choltrique, F., febris chole- 
 rica, L., ein cholerisches temperament, G. 
 
 CHOLERRHAGIE, s. f., cholerrhagia, fl 
 foflXjj, bile, fnywpu, I burst forth), L., 
 gallenergiessung, f. G. : Alibert's term for 
 Cholera ; constituting the 6th genus of 
 Choloses, in his Nosologie Naturelle. 
 
 CHOLESTERATE, s. m., cholesteras, m. 
 L. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts result- 
 ing from the combination of cholesteric 
 &cid,acide cholesterique, F., acidum cho- 
 lestericum, L., gallenfetts&ure, G., with 
 salifiable bases. The acid is obtained by 
 treating CHOLESTERINE, s. f., choleste- 
 rina, f. Ocx), bile, irria,^ fat), L., gallen- 
 fett, m. G., which exists in fresh bile, 
 and constitutes the crystalline part of cer- 
 tain biliary calculi, with nitric acid. 
 
 CHOLOSE, s. f., cholosis, (#*., bile), 
 L. The Choloses, pi., F. and L., consti- 
 tuting the 3rd Family in the Nosologie 
 Naturelle, of Alibert, comprehend all the 
 morbid anections of the liver and spleen. 
 
 CHONDRO-GLOSSE, adj. (xavfyo f , carti- 
 lage, y\uffau,, the tonguej : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to a fasciculus of mus- 
 cular fibres, which is regarded, by some, 
 
 130 
 
 CHO 
 
 as a distinct muscle,. m. chondro-glossnf, 
 L., knorpelzungenmuskel, G. It ex- 
 tends from the lesser cornu of the hyoid 
 bone to the tongue ; and forms, in fact, a 
 portion of the Hyo-glossus. 
 
 CHONDROGRAPHIE, s. , chondrogra- 
 phia, (%ev$oos, y^atfu, I describe), L., 
 knorpelbeschreibung, f. G., chondrogra- 
 phy, anatomical description of , CHON- 
 DROLOGIE, s. , chondrologia, (same, 
 and z.ayos, discourse), L., knorpellehre, 
 G., chondrology, doctrine of treatise up- 
 on the cartilages. 
 
 CHONDRO-PHARYNGIEX, adj. (same, and 
 $u,vy\, the pharynx) : an epithet applied 
 to some muscular fibres, originating from 
 the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, and 
 forming part of the Constrictor pharyngis 
 medius. They have been, by certain A- 
 natomists, described as a distinct muscle, 
 m. chondro-pharyngeus, L. 
 
 CHONDRO-PTERYGIENS, s. m., and adj., 
 pi., Chondropterygii (same, and vri(>ii%, a 
 wing or fin), L. : a term, in Ichthyology, 
 employed to designate an Order in the 
 Sub-class, Cartilaginosi, of the Class, Pis- 
 ces ; the distinctive character of which is 
 the absence of a gill-cover. 
 
 CHONDROSYNDESME, s. m., ^o^aoirvv- 
 liffpos, chondrosyndesmus, m. L., knor- 
 pelverbindung, , die verbindung zweier 
 knochen mittelst einer oder mehrer knor- 
 pel, G., the union of two bones by means 
 of one or more cartilages. 
 
 CHONDROTOMIE, s. , chondrotomia, 
 (^uvSjaj, rip.v(u, I dissect), L., anato- 
 mische zerlegung der knorpel, G., anato- 
 mical dissection of cartilages. 
 
 CHORDAPSE, s. , ^a^Sa^a;, chordap- 
 sus, m. L. : in Pathology, a spasmodic 
 constriction of the intestines, eine heft- 
 ige kolik mit kotherbrechen, G., violent 
 colick with faecal vomiting, Ileus, in- 
 duced by such constriction. 
 
 CHOREE, s. , chorea, f. (%agt!a, a 
 
 dance), L. The absurd term, donse de St. 
 Guy, F., chorea Sancti Viti, G., St. 
 Guy's or St. Vitus' dance, has been ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to an affection cha- 
 racterized by irregular and convulsive 
 motions of the muscles of the limbs, face, 
 and trunk. It may be general or partial ; 
 and attack the muscular apparatus of one 
 limb or organ, or one side of the body. 
 Spinal irritation, however induced, is the 
 immediate agent in the production of the 
 curious phenomena of this disease ; which 
 frequently, becoming independent of the 
 cause originally inducing it, assumes, as 
 in impeded utterance, an habitual charac- 
 ter; and sometimes, from organic lesion 
 of the spinal chord, terminates in incura- 
 ble paralysis. CHOREMANIE, s. , cho- 
 remania, f. L.,- tanzsucht, f. G. : a mo- 
 dern synonym of Chorea.
 
 CHR 
 
 CHORION, s. m., %o/>iav . in Anatomy, 
 the thickest portion of' the skin of animals, 
 le derme, F., I's^a. . also, the delicate 
 and pellucid structure, aderhautchen, n. 
 G., which, composed of two lamellae, con- 
 stitutes the exterior membrane of (\\efoetus 
 in ntero. See AMNIOS. Ch. veloutd, to- 
 menteux, see CADUQUE. In Botany, the 
 external membrane of the seeds of plants, 
 die aussere haut, oder lederhaut, der 
 pflanzensamen, G. 
 
 CHOROI'DE, adj., %oo<isioii;, choroides, 
 
 choroideus, JL., lederartig, G., choroid : 
 an epithet applied, by Anatomists, to di- 
 vers parts resembling, in vascularity of 
 structure, the chorion ; as membrane cho- 
 ro'ide, or simply choro'ide, uvee, F., mem- 
 brana , tunica choroidea, L., die gefass- 
 haut , das aderhautchen des auges, G., 
 the choroid coat or membrane of the eye ; 
 and plexus choroides, plexus choroidei, 
 die adergewebe, adernetze, the vascular 
 processes of pia mater which occupy the 
 lateral ventricles of the brain. CHOROID- 
 
 IEN, adj., choroideus, L., pertaining 
 
 to the parts denominated choroid ; as Yar- 
 teres choro'idiennes, F., branches of the 
 anterior cerebral, and cerebellic arteries ; 
 veines choi'oidiennes, venae Galeni, the 
 veins which traverse the toile choro'idienne, 
 velum interpositum, L., a membra- 
 nous production investing the inferior 
 surface of the forms, covering the third 
 ventricle and corpora quadrigemina, and 
 connecting together the choroid plexus of 
 each side ; enduit choro'idien, the brown or 
 black pigment by which the choroid mem- 
 brane of the eye is impregnated. In 
 Zoology, the term is applied to a glandu- 
 lar body, glandula choroidea, L., inter- 
 posed between the tunica ruyschiana, and 
 vasculosa of the choroid membrane of the 
 eye of fishes. 
 
 CHOU, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Bras- 
 sica ( Tetradijnamia, siliquos. ; Cruciferce), 
 I*, der Kohl, G., Cabbage, contain- 
 ing many species ; several of which, as 
 chou potager, ordinaire, F., B. oleracea, 
 with its numerous varieties, afford a 
 grateful aliment to man. 
 
 CHOTT-FLEUR, s. m., cauliflower : in 
 Botany, a variety, B. oleracea botrylis, 
 of the ordinary cabbage. See CHOU. 
 In Pathology, a term applied to certain 
 excrescences which are developed about 
 the orifices of the mucous membranes, 
 principally the anus and vulva ; and re- 
 semble, in form and colour, the head of a 
 cauliflower. 
 
 CHROMATE, S. m., chromas, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, chromsaure 
 salze, G., resulting from combination of 
 chromic acid, acide chromique, F., aci- 
 dum chromicum, L., cAromsaure, G., 
 with salifiable bases. CHROME, s. m., 
 
 131 
 
 CHY 
 
 chromium, n. (%/**, colour), I,., 
 
 chrom, chrom-metall, n. G. : a solid me- 
 tal, so called from the beautiful colours 
 which most of its compounds exhibit. It 
 exists in nature, only in a state of chro- 
 mate, and of oxyde, chromoxydul, G. 
 
 CHRONIQUE, adj., xgovixos, wavus 
 
 {x,& 0i -> time), chronicus, L., chromsch, 
 langwierig, G., chronic, of long duration : 
 an epithet applied, in Pathology, to dis- 
 eases morbi chronici, L., chronixrhe 
 
 krankheiten, G., of slow and lingering 
 progress ; and consequently opposed, in 
 signification, to the term, acute. See AIGU. 
 
 CHRONOMETRE, s. m., chronometrum, 
 n. (%%ovi>s, pirgw, measure), L., zeit- 
 messer, m., chronometer, G. and E. : an 
 instrument which serves to measure time : 
 synon. with CHRONOSCOPE, s. m., com- 
 pounded of x^vos, and <rxoviia, I survey. 
 
 CHRYSALIDE, s. f., ;^gt><raxx}? (xs vff ' { ^ 
 gold), chrysalis, aurelia, pupa, f. L., 
 das puppchen der schmetterlinge, G. : in 
 Entomology, the nympha of Ijepidopter- 
 ous insects ; which frequently exhibits a 
 gold-like or metallic splendour: hence the 
 name. The Chrysalis succeeds the cater- 
 pillar; and is, itself, followed by the per- 
 fect or imago state of the insect. 
 
 CHRYSIDE, s. : a genus, in Entomolo- 
 gy, Chrysis ( Hymenoptera, Chrysidece, 
 Cuv.), guipe doree, F., golufliege, G., 
 Gold wasp, containing a few species; one 
 of which, C. iffnita, chr. enflammee, F., 
 is reputed stimulant like the Canlharis ; 
 and, as such, sometimes administered in- 
 ternally in paralysis. 
 
 CHRYSOCOI.LE, s. m., ^u<rxoXA, 
 
 chrysocolla, f. I..., goldleim, m. G., chry- 
 socol : an old designation of sub-borate of 
 soda, derived from its employment as a 
 solder for gold. 
 
 CHRYSOMELE, s. f. : a genus, in Ento- 
 mology, Chrysomela ( Coleoptera), L., der 
 goldkafer, G., constituting the type of 
 the CHRYSOMELINES, s. m., pi., Chryso- 
 melidee, L. Several species have, without 
 sufficient reason, been regarded as possess- 
 ing anti-odontalffic properties. 
 
 CHRYSOPEE, s. f., chrysopoeia, f. (xyt- 
 ffos, gold, voiia, I make), L., goldmach- 
 erei, f. G., the art of making gold: synon. 
 with ALCHIMIE. 
 
 CHUTE, s. f., casus, m. L., fall, m., 
 fallen, n. G., fall, the action of falling ; 
 as ch. des cheveux, des dents, F., fall 
 shedding of the hair and teeth. For the 
 application of the term to the displace- 
 ment of organs, see ABAISSEMENT. 
 
 CHYLE, s. m., ^t/Xoy, chylus, m. L., 
 milch- oder nahrungsaft, m. G. : the 
 whitish fluid extracted from the aliment, 
 by the intestinal absorbents, after its sub- 
 jection to the process of digestion ; and 
 conveyed, by those vessels, through the 
 
 K2
 
 CIC 
 
 mesenteric glands to the thoracic duct. 
 It is composed of a serous portion and fi- 
 brine ; and, in most animals, emits a 
 sperm-like odour. CHYJ.AIRE, CHYLEUX, 
 
 adj., chylaris, chylosus, L., chylous, 
 
 pertaining to chyle. 
 
 CHYLIFERE, adj., chyliferus, (chylus, 
 ferre, to convey), L,., nahrungsaft ent- 
 haltend, G., chyliferous : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the vessels, vais- 
 seaux chyliferes ou lactes, F., vasa chyli- 
 fera, L., which convey the chyle from the 
 intestines to the thoracic duct. CHYLI- 
 VORES, s. f., and adj., pL, Chylivora (chy- 
 lus, vorare, to feed upon), L., an epithet 
 employed, by Clarke, to Designate a fami- 
 ly of the (Estri ; the larvae of which are 
 supposed to subsist on the chyle of the ani- 
 mals infested by them. 
 
 CHYLIFICATION, s. f., chylificatio, f. 
 f chylus, facere, to make), L., wandlung 
 in nahrungsaft, G., conversion into chyle: 
 one of the stages and main object of 
 the process of digestion. 
 
 CHYLOPOIESE, s. f., chylopoiesis, f. 
 
 foi/Xflj, chyle, &>, I make), L., bereitung 
 des chylus, G., formation of chyle: synon. 
 with CHYLIFICATION. CHYLOPOIETIQUE, 
 
 adj., chylopoieticus, chylopoietic : an 
 
 epithet applied, in Physiology, to the 
 whole apparatus of abdominal organs 
 which concur in the formation of chyle. 
 
 CHYLOSE, s. f. %v}.6><ris, chylosis, f. 
 L. : the conversion of aliment into chyle. 
 Synon. with CHYMFICATION. 
 
 CHYME, s. m., chymus, m. (xvpat, 
 
 juice), L., speisebrei, m. G.: in Physio- 
 logy, the homogeneous and viscid pulp 
 into which alimentary substances are con- 
 verted, after subjection, for awhile, to the 
 action of the stomach ; and from which, 
 on the addition of the biliary and pancrea- 
 tic fluids, chyle is subsequently separated. 
 CHYMIFICATION, s. f., chymificatio, f. 
 (chymus facere, to make), L. : conversion 
 of the aliment into chyme. 
 
 CHYMOSE, s. f., chymosis, f. L., be- 
 reitung des speisebreies, G., preparation 
 of chyme. Syn. with CHYMIFICATION. 
 
 CIBOULE, s. f., zipolle, f. G.: the vul- 
 gar name of Allium fistulosum,ail fistu- 
 leux, F.; as CIBOULETTE, s. f., of A. 
 schcenoprasum, a. civette: both, alimentary 
 and stimulant. 
 
 CICATRICE, s. f., cicatrix, f. L., ix, 
 narbe, f. G., scar : in Surgical Patholo- 
 gy, a cellular and membrane-like produc- 
 tion, of variable figure, thickness, and con- 
 sistence, which fonns upon the surface of 
 wounds and sores, after their cure. It is, 
 at first, reddish; but subsequently as- 
 sumes a whitish colour. The formation 
 of the cicatrix in suppurating wounds and 
 ulcers, is accompanied by these four orders 
 of phenomena : 1. afflux of blood and in- 
 
 132 
 
 CIG 
 
 flammation ; 2. development of granula- 
 tions ; 3. suppuration ; 4. shrinking, uni- 
 on, and desiccation of the granular pro- 
 ductions. The following phenomena cha- 
 racterize the process of cure by the first 
 intention: 1. inflammation; 2. effusion of 
 coagulable lymph between the lips of the 
 wound; 3. cellular organization of this 
 lymph ; and 4. inosculation of the vessels 
 of the opposite sides. 
 
 CICATRICULE, s. f., cicatricula, f. L., 
 narbchen, n. G. : in Surgery, a small ci- 
 catrix : in Zoology, a minute milk-white 
 speck, the tread, hahnentritt, m. G., 
 seen upon the surface of the yolk-bag of a 
 fecundated egg : and containing the rudi- 
 ments of the chick : in Botany, syn. with 
 the Latin, hilum. See HILE. 
 
 CICATRISANT, adj. : an epithet, in Ma- 
 teria Medica, applied to remedies, reme- 
 des cicatrisants, F., cicatrisantia, L., ver- 
 narbende mittel, G., which are supposed 
 to favour the process of CICATRISATION, 
 s. f., cicatrisatio, f. L., cicatrization : 
 the formation of a cicatrix. See CICA- 
 TRICE. CICATRISER, v. a., cicatrisare, 
 L., vernarben, G., to cicatrize. 
 
 CICUTAIRE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cicuta (Pentandria, digyn. ; UmbellifercB ), 
 L., der Wuterich, Wasserschierling, G., 
 Cow-bane, W ater-Hemlock, contain- 
 ing few species. The principal of these, 
 C. virosa, (Cicularia aquatica, Lam.), ci- 
 cutaire vireuse, F., giftiger Wuterich, G., 
 long-leaved Water-hemlock, a com- 
 mon European plant, growing in watery 
 places, contains a yellowish and poisonous 
 juice. Another species, C. maculata, na- 
 tive of America, has the medicinal proper- 
 ties of Conium maculatum. See CIGTJE. 
 
 CICUTINE, s. f., cicutina, f. L. : a term 
 whereby Brandes has designated a new 
 alcali discovered in the leaves of Conium 
 maculatum. Synon. with CONEINE. 
 
 CIGALE, s. f. : a genus of Hemipterous 
 Insects, Cicada ; the species of which prin- 
 cipally inhabit the southern regions. To 
 the puncture of one of these, C. orni, is 
 ascribed the exudation of manna furnished 
 by the trunk of certain of the Fraxini 
 See MANNE. 
 
 CIGUE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Coni- 
 um (Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbettiferce ), L., 
 der Sehierling, G., Hemlock, contain- 
 ing but few species ; the principal of 
 which, C. maculatum., cigue ordinaire, 
 
 F., xeviiev, grosser geflekter schier- 
 
 ling, greater spotted hemlock, the 
 
 cicuta major, of Lamarck, is a common 
 European plant. Externally applied, use- 
 ful in indurations of the testis, mamma, 
 and lymphatic glands ; but not meriting 
 the eulogies of Storck in scirrhus or can- 
 cer: internally, narcotic, sedative, poisonous. 
 Supposed to have been the agent where-
 
 CIL 
 
 by the state-criminals, at the Areopagus of 
 Athens, were destroyed, by which So- 
 crates and Phocion perished. The Ger- 
 mans have an Extract, Tincture, and Plas- 
 ter of Hemlock, Schierling-extract, 
 
 tinctur, pflaster. Cigue aquatique, ef 
 eau. Synon. with CICUTAIRE. petite. 
 See ETHUSE. 
 
 CIL, s. m., ciiium, n. L., /3A<pA, 
 wimper, , wimperhaar, n. G., eye-lash: 
 in Anatomy, the hairs, oils, cilia, /3Xs- 
 
 Qagfiis, augenwimpern, implanted in 
 
 two or three rows, on the free borders of 
 the eye-lids, in Man and many of the Ver- 
 tebrata; more numerous and longer in the 
 superior than the inferior palpebra. In 
 Botany, the stiffish hairs situated on the 
 circumference of the parts or organs of 
 certain plants ; as the peristome of the 
 mosses ; and the leaves of Sempervivum 
 See CILIE. 
 
 CILIAIRE, adj., ciliary, belonging to 
 the eye-lashes ; as bord ciliaire des paupie- 
 res, F., margo palpebrarum ciliaris, L. ; 
 glandes ciliaires ou sebaces, F., die Mei- 
 bomischen talgdriisen, G., the ciliary or 
 Meibomian glands. The epithet is also 
 applied to different vessels, ciliar-ge- 
 fasse, G., and other parts which enter 
 into the structure of the eye ; as arteres 
 ciliaires, F., arteriae ciliares, L., die ci- 
 /tararterie, G., consisting of the short or 
 posterior (art. uve'ales, Ch.), very nu- 
 merous ; the long (art. iriennes, Ch.) two ; 
 and the anterior (arteriae ciliares anteri- 
 
 ores, Hall.), from six to twelve, all 
 
 branches of the ophthalmic : veines cili- 
 ares, ei/iarvenen, pouring their con- 
 tents into the ophthalmic vein : nerfs ci- 
 liaires (nerfs iriens, Ch.), nervi ciliares, 
 ct/iarnerven, given off from the anterior 
 part of the ophthalmic ganglion, augen- 
 tnoten, G., and penetrating the sclero- 
 tica near the entrance of the optic nerve. 
 Corps ciliaire, corpus ciliare, ciliarkorp- 
 er : a ring encircling the crystalline lens, 
 and resulting from an union of the ciliary 
 processes, proces ciliaires (rayons sous- 
 iriens, Ch.), F., ci&'arfortsatze, G., of 
 the choroid coat. Cercle ou ligament cili- 
 aire (commissure de la choro'ide, Ch.), 
 strahlenband, G : the greyish ring situ- 
 ated between the choroid, iris, and sclero- 
 tica ; of pulpy consistence, and more close- 
 ly adherent to the former of these mem- 
 branes than the other. It receives the 
 ultimate ramifications of the ciliary 
 nerves ; and is regarded as a nervous 
 ganglion, ein nervenknoten, G. 
 
 CILIE, adj., ciliatus, L., gewimpert, 
 G., ciliated : an epithet applied, in Zoo- 
 logy and Botany, to the parts and organs 
 of animals and plants which are furnished 
 with hairs resembling eye-lashes; as, a- 
 mong Insects, the corselet, cors. cilie, F., 
 
 133 
 
 CIR 
 
 of the genus, Trox ; and the wings, 
 ailes ciliees, of many of the Diptera : and 
 the seed, graine cilee, of Menyanihes 
 
 nymphceoides ; the leaves, feuittes cilices, 
 
 of Ochna ciliata ; and the throat of the co- 
 rolla, gorge de corolle ciliee, of Gentiana 
 campestris. See, also, CIL. 
 
 CILLOSE, s. , cillosis, L. : a term, 
 in Pathology, applied, by Vogel, to a 
 chronic trembling, ein chronisches blin- 
 zeln, G., of the superior palpebra. 
 
 CIME. See CYME. 
 
 CINAHOCEPHALES, s. m., and adj., pi., 
 Cinarocephalece (*/vaj, artichoke, xi<pa*.)i, 
 head), L. : a group of plants belonging to 
 the Natural Family of the Synantherece ; 
 and comprizing genera which, in the out- 
 line of their head, resemble the artichoke. 
 
 CINCHONINE, s. f., cinchonina, f. L. : 
 an organic alcali existing in nearly all the 
 species of Cinchona ; especially the grey ; 
 and constituting their active principle. 
 
 CINEF ACTION, s. , cinefactio, f. (ci- 
 ner, ashes, facere, to make), L. : reduction 
 to ashes, verbrennung zu asche, G., of 
 organic substances, by combustion. Syn. 
 with CINERATION, s. , cineratio, f. L., 
 incineration. 
 
 CINNABRE, s. m., KivvaSup, cinnaba- 
 ris, L., zinnober, m. G., cinnabar ; 
 the vulgar name of red sulphuret of mer- 
 cury, das rothe schwefelquecksilber, G. 
 (f Antimoine, F., spiessglaszinnober, 
 G. : red sulphuret of antimony. 
 
 CIRCONCISION, s. , circumcisio, f. 
 
 (circum, around, ctedere, to cut), L., 
 ri^iro/j.ri, beschneidung, f. G. : an opera- 
 tion, of great antiquity, which consists in 
 the partial or total removal of the pre- 
 puce in male, and of the labia minora, in 
 female, children. The Hebrews practise 
 it only on the former ; the Egyptians, A- 
 rabs, and Persians, on subjects of either 
 sex. In Surgery, it is indicated, or per- 
 formed, upon the male, in phymosis, hi 
 excessive length, or organic degenerations, 
 of the prepuce ; on the female, in unnatu- 
 ral elongation, and morbid conditions, of 
 the nymphae. 
 
 ClRCONFERENCE, S. f. See PERIPHERIE. 
 
 CIRCONFLEXE, adj., circum flexus, L., 
 circumflex : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the two arteries, artere circon- 
 flexe anterieure et posterieure, of the arm, 
 branches of the axillary ; to two of the 
 thigh, art. circonfl, externe et interne, 
 branches of the profunda femoris ; and 
 their attendant veins, venae circumflexes, 
 L. The anterior iliac artery and vein 
 are, by Chaussier, designated circonflexes 
 de Filium. The nerf drconflexe axillaire 
 (scapulo-hume'ral, Ch.) is given off from 
 the posterior part of the brachial plexus. 
 
 CIRCONSCRIT, adj., circumscriptus 
 
 ( circumscribere, to draw a limit round),
 
 cm 
 
 I.., umschreiben, G., circumscribed : 
 
 an epithet applied, in Surgical Pathology, 
 to an aneurism, or other tumour, tumeur 
 circonscrite, F., whose limits are well and 
 clearly defined ; and consequently oppos- 
 ed, in signification, to the term, diffused. 
 See ANEVRISME. 
 
 CincoNvoLUTiON, s. f., circumvolu- 
 tio, f. ( circumvolvere, to wrap round), L., 
 gyrus, m. G,, convolution : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the numerous wind- 
 ings circonv. intestinales, F., made, by 
 the small intestine, in passing from the 
 stomach to the ccecum ; and to the undu- 
 lating prominences, circonv. certbrales, 
 exhibited by the surface of the cerebral 
 mass. See ANFRACTUOSIT& 
 
 CIRCULAIRE, adj., circularis, L.., zir- 
 kelrund, kreisformig, G., circular : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to a canal, 
 can. circulaire, F., of the eye, see Go- 
 DRONNE : in Surgery, to any process or 
 object, in the performance or application 
 of which, the figure of a. circle is described: 
 Exs. Amputation , bandage circulaire, F. 
 
 CIRCULATION, s. f., circulatio, f. ( cir- 
 cumferre, to carry round), L., kreislauf, 
 umlauf, m. G. : a term applied, in Physi- 
 ology, to the function whereby the blood 
 is conveyed from the left ventricle of the 
 Luart, through the systemic arteries and 
 veins, and right auricle, to the right ven- 
 tricle; and, from thence, through the 
 pulmonary vessels to the left auricle 
 The first or systemic stage is, by physiolo- 
 gists, denominated the great , the latter 
 or pulmonic, the lesser circulation, grande 
 et petite circulation, F. Circ. capillaire is 
 the movement of the blood, or other fluid, 
 in the capillary vessels of animals or of 
 plants. The circulation of the blood in 
 the foetus, der kreislauf des blutes beim 
 foetus, G., presents some differences 
 from that of the animal after birth. CIR- 
 CULATOIRE, adj., circulatorius, L., per- 
 taining to the circulation, mouvement cir- 
 culatoire, F., of the blood. For a lumi- 
 nous account of this process in the series 
 of animals, see Dhe're', De la Nutrition 
 dans la Serie des Animaux, p. 111. 
 
 CIRCUMFUSA, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 from the Latin, and applied collectively, 
 by Halle, to all those objects choses en- 
 virronantes, F., which, as atmosphere, 
 climate, and habitation, exercise an ex- 
 terior and general influence upon man. 
 
 CIRE, s. f., xvgos, cera, f. L., wachs, 
 n. G., bees'-wax : a substance secreted 
 in the intervals of the rings of the abdo- 
 men, of divers of the Apidce, especially the 
 honey-bee, see ABEILLE ; and employed 
 in the construction of cells for the recep- 
 tion of their larvae and food. Several 
 plants secrete a substance, cire vegitale, 
 closely resembling wax. detoreilles. 
 
 134 
 
 cm 
 
 See CEHUMEK. In Zoology, the term,' 
 cere, cire, F., ceroma, L., schnabel- 
 haut, wachshaut, G., is applied to the 
 ordinarily coloured membrane which in- 
 vests the base of the superior mandible ot 
 certain birds, as the Rapaces. See EEC. 
 
 CIRON, s. m. See ACAHE. 
 
 CIRHHE, s. m., cirrus, capreolus, m., 
 clavicula, f. G., ranke, wickelranke, f. 
 G., tendril: a term applied, in Botany, 
 to a filiform appendage, simple or branch- 
 ed, s. ou rameux, F., einfache oder ge- 
 
 theilte, G., and variously contorted, 
 
 whereby certain plants attach themselves 
 to neighbouring objects. The tendril may 
 spring from the axilla of the leaf, as in 
 Passion-flower ; or from the point oppo- 
 site, as in the Vine. In Zoology, divers 
 appendages of the animal body, especially 
 the beards of fishes, are named cirri, L. 
 See BARBILLOX. CIRRHE, adj., cirra- 
 tus, L,., furnished with a tendril or cirrus. 
 
 CIRRHEUX, adj., cirrosus, L., rankig, 
 G., cirrhose : an epithet applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to organs terminated by a tendril, 
 as the petiole, pet. cirrheux, F., of Pi- 
 sum sativum ; or to plants distinguished 
 by its peculiar formation, as Lathyrus cir- 
 rhosus. Employed, in Zoology, as the 
 specific designation of a carp, Cyprinus 
 cirrosus, which exhibits cirri on the up- 
 per jaw. Blainville has, also, designated 
 tentacules cirrheux, the arm-like prolong- 
 ations of the body of the Hydra. 
 
 CIRRHIFERE, adj., cimf'erus (cirrus, 
 ferre, to bear), L., rankentragend, G., 
 cirriferous : bearing tendrils ; as the stem 
 of Vitis and Cobcea. CIRRHIFORME, adj., 
 cirriformis, (same, and forma, figure), 
 L., rankenformig, lockenformig, G., 
 cirriform : exhibiting the figure of, trans- 
 formed into, or executing the functions 
 of, a tendril. 
 
 CIRRHOSE, s. f., cirrhosis, f. (xipp'as, 
 yellowish), L. : a term applied, by Laen- 
 nec, to a morbid yellow-red concretion of 
 the liver, ein krankhaftes gelbrothes con- 
 cret in der leber, G. 
 
 ClRSOCELE, S. m., OU f., x.igffoz.vXt] (x,i(>- 
 
 , a varicose vein, xfav, a tumour), 
 cirsocele, hernia varicosa, L., saamen- 
 aderbruch, m., saamenadergeschwulst, f. 
 G. : a varicose dilatation of the veins of the 
 spermatic chord. 
 
 CIRSOMPHALE, s. m., cirsomphalus, m. 
 
 (xig/ros, o^ifaXof, the navel), L., eine 
 
 adergeschwulst am nabel, G., a tumour 
 formed by varicose dilatation of the veins 
 around the navel. Termed also Varicom- 
 phale. 
 
 ClRSOPHTHALMIE, S. f., CLTSOphthal- 
 
 mia, f. (same, and <>^6a.\^, eye), L., ein 
 varicoser zustand des augapfels, G., vari- 
 cose ophthalmy, a varicose condition of the 
 eye-ball : intense inflammation of the eye,
 
 CIT 
 
 with varicose dilatation of the vessels of 
 the conjunctiva. 
 
 CIRSOTOMIE, s. f., cirsotomia, f. (same, 
 and Tifivu, I dissect), L., krampfader- 
 schnitt, m. G., extirpation of varices. 
 
 CISEAU, s. m., scalprum, n. L., meis- 
 sel, m. G., chisel: an instrument em- 
 ployed, by the Anatomist, in separating 
 the vault of the cranium for inspection of 
 the brain ; by the Surgeon, in removal 
 of portions of diseased bone, or exostosis. 
 
 CISEAUX, s. m., pL, forfex, forficula, f. 
 L., schere, f., scheren, pL, G., scissars : 
 a cutting instrument employed in Surge- 
 ry. The scissars les ciseaux, are ei- 
 ther straight, droits, F. ; curved in the 
 direction of their flat surface, or of their 
 edge, cowries sur leur plat, ou sur leurs 
 boras ; or elbowed, coudes, according to 
 the precise purpose which they are destin- 
 ed to serve. In the latter case, the blades 
 of the instrument form an obtuse angle 
 with the branches. 
 
 CISSAMFELOS, s. m., F. and L. : a ge- 
 nus, in Botany, (Dioecia, monadelph. ; Me- 
 nispermeee), ilie Kissampelos, G., wild 
 Vine ; two American species of which, 
 C. pareira, and pareiroides, afford the 
 medicinal root, PAUEIHA-BRAVA. The root 
 of a third species, C. caapeba, more muci- 
 laginous than the preceding, is accounted, 
 in the Brazils, a specific against the bite of 
 serpents, and a powerful lithontriptic. The 
 generic name is compounded of XHTO-OS, ivy, 
 and eift<rt*.os, a vine ; as comprehending 
 plants which resemble the former in their 
 foliage, and the latter in their fruit. 
 
 CISTE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Cis- 
 tus (Polyandria, monogyn.), L., das Cis- 
 tenrb'schen, G., Rock-Rose, constitut- 
 ing the type of the Family of the Cisto'ides, 
 or CISTINEES. From a species of this 
 genus, C. creticus, ciste de Crete, F., a 
 native of the islands of the Grecian archi- 
 pelago and Syria, the gum-resin, LADA- 
 NTTM, is obtained. The C. ladaniferus, c. 
 ladanifere, F., gum-cistus, which inha- 
 bits the Spanish peninsula, and the C. 
 laurifolius, and ledon, of the south of 
 France, yield an analogous substance. 
 The genus derives its name from the 
 Greek, xitrrn, a box or capsule : the seeds 
 of all the species being enclosed in minute 
 and remarkable capsules. 
 
 CISTINEES, s. f., pL, Cistineee : a Fa- 
 mily of dicotyledonous and polypetalous 
 p lants, with hypogynous stamens ; con- 
 taining only the genera, Cistus, see 
 
 CISTE, and Helianthemum. 
 
 CITERNE, s. f. cisterna, (xifrti, a 
 cyst), L., cisterne, f. G., cistern : a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, to divers parts 
 of the body, which serve as reservoirs for 
 different fluids : such is the fourth cere- 
 bral ventricle. Cit. lombaire, reservoir de 
 
 135 
 
 CLA 
 
 Pecquet,du chyle, receptaculum chyli, 
 L. : the dilatation exhibited by the tho- 
 racic duct, in the lumbar region. 
 
 CITRATE, s. m., citras, n. L,., citrat, 
 n. G. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, re- 
 sulting from the combination of citric acid 
 with salifiable bases. The acid, itself, 
 acide citrique, F., acidum citricum, L., 
 citronensaure, G., exists in the juice of 
 the lemon, and the fruit of other species 
 of Citrus. It is employed in medicine, as 
 antiphlogistic, antiseptic, and refrigerant. 
 
 CITRIN, adj., citrinus, L., citronen- 
 farbig, G., citron-coloured : a term for- 
 merly applied to the Ointment of Nitrate 
 of Quicksilver, onguent cilrin, F., ungu- 
 entum citrinum, L., gelbe quecksilber- 
 salbe, G., on account of its colour. 
 
 CITRON, s. m., citrus, m., limonium, 
 n. L., citrone, f. G., lemon : the fruit 
 of the CITRONNIER, s. m., citronenbaum, 
 m. G., lemon-tree, a species of the ge- 
 nus, Citrus, see GRANGER. The juice of 
 the fruit of the C. medica limonum is im- 
 pregnated with citric acid, see CITRATE. 
 The rind, cortex limonii, L., citronen- 
 schale, f. G., bitter and aromatic, yields 
 abundantly an essential oil, Ol. citri des- 
 tillatum, L., destillertes citronenol, G. 
 
 CIVETTE, s. f., zibethum, n. L., zi- 
 beth, m. G. : a resinous substance, of 
 grateful and penetrating odour, obtained 
 from divers Mammifera, of the genus, 
 Viverra, especially the civet, V. civetta, 
 zibetha, la civelte, F., zibethkatze, G., 
 an animal, of the size of a cat, belong- 
 ing to the Carnivora, of Cuvier, and do- 
 mesticated in Egypt and Abyssinia. The 
 civet, formerly employed as an antispas- 
 modic, is secreted into a pouch, or fold of 
 integument, situated between the anus 
 and organs of generation of the animal. 
 
 CLAIR, adj., limpidus, pellucidus, L., 
 klar, hell, durchsichtig, G., clear, lim- 
 pid, transparent : an epithet, when appli- 
 ed to any fluid, as the urine, directly op- 
 posed, in signification, to turbid, trouble. 
 CLAIRET, s. m., claretum, n. L. : an 
 infusion of aromatic plants in wine, sweet- 
 ened with honey or sugar. 
 
 CLAPIER, s. m., latibulum, n. L,., 
 burrow : a term, in Surgery, applied to a 
 purulent sinus, ulcus sinuosum, L., ein 
 fistuloses geschwvir, G., concealed within 
 the substance, or beneath the integum- 
 ents, of the animal organs ; and commun- 
 icating either with fistulous passages, or 
 the cavity of an abscess: so named from its 
 fancied resemblance to a rabbit-burrow. 
 
 CLAQUEMENT des dents, dentium cre- 
 pitus, L.y zahnklappern, n. G., chatter- 
 ing of the teeth : a phenomenon produced 
 by tremor of the muscles of the lower jaw; 
 and frequently attendant on rigor from 
 the application of cold, or mental emotion.
 
 CLA 
 
 CLARIFICATION, s. f., clarifieatio, f. 
 L., abklarung, f. G.: a process, in Phar- 
 macy, which consists in separating from a 
 fluid, all the insoluble substances suspend- 
 ed in it ; whereby its transparency is in- 
 jured or destroyed. Deeantation, depura- 
 tion, and filtration are the means com- 
 monly made use of. 
 
 CLASIS, s. f., zXctffii, -clasis, L., 
 bruch, m. G., fracture. CLASME, s. f. : 
 a term, not synon. with Clasis, as repre- 
 sented by the French lexicographers ; but 
 signifying a fragment splinter, K\a.ff^a, 
 of the organ, or object, fractured. 
 
 CLASSE, s. f., classis, f. L., classe, f. 
 G., class. In Natural History, the term 
 Class, is applied to a group of individu- 
 als exhibiting one or more characters in 
 common : it comprehends the minor divi- 
 sions of order, genus, species, and variety. 
 Physicians have essayed, hitherto with 
 little success, to classify diseases on the 
 principle by which the naturalist has been 
 guided in the arrangement of the varied 
 forms of created being. CLASSIFICATION, 
 s. , classificatio, f7 L., abtheilung in 
 classen, G., the methodical distribution 
 of natural productions, and of the morbid 
 affections of the animal body, into classes. 
 
 CtAUDiCATioN, s. f.-, claudicatio, f. 
 (claudicarc, to halt or limp), L.., hinken, 
 n. G., limping, lameness. 
 
 CLAVAIHE, s. f. : in Botany, a genus of 
 gymnocarpal Fungi, Clavaria, L., con- 
 taining numerous species ; several of 
 which, as C. coralloides, cl. coralloide, F., 
 and an exotic brought from China, on 
 the excrement of the elephant, are edible. 
 
 CLAVICULK, s. f., >.(/;, ;u/S/av, clavi- 
 cula, f. L., schliisselbein, n. G., clavicle, 
 collar-bone : in Anatomy, the long and 
 slightly contorted bone, situated on each 
 side, between, and articulated by its two 
 extremities hence called sternal and sca- 
 pular, with, the sternum and shoulder- 
 blade. It exists, most perfectly developed, 
 in man and the SimicB ; in many of the 
 lower Mammifera ; in birds ; and is pos- 
 sessed, in a greatly modified shape, by 
 certain Reptiles. No trace of it is seen in 
 the Solidungula, Bisulca, and Multungula, 
 of Blumenbach, nor in the Cetacea. In 
 the human subject, it gives attachment to 
 five muscles. CLAVICULAIRE, adj., cla- 
 vicularis, I,. : pertaining to, or supplying 
 the place of, the clavicle ; as the small 
 bone, os claviculare, of Vicq d'Azyr, 
 which exists, merely connected with the 
 muscles, in many of the Ferae, and some 
 Glires. CLAVICULE, adj., claviculatus, 
 L., provided with clavicles. Thus, Man 
 and the Simias, are termed, by French zo- 
 ologists, animaux elavicules. 
 
 CLAVIFORME, adj., clavifbrmis, L., 
 keulenfb'rmig, G.,-clavifonn, club-shap- 
 
 136 
 
 CLI 
 
 ed : an epithet applied, in Botany, to the 
 organs, or appendages, of various plants 
 which exhibit this figure ; as the calyx of 
 Silene, the corolla of Erica pinea, the fila- 
 ment of Veronica anagallis, the spadix of 
 Arum, the leaves of Mesembryanlhemum 
 claviforme, and hairs of Fra-xine Ha. 
 
 CLAVI-STERNAL, adj. Beclard has de- 
 signated os clavi-sternal, F., the superior 
 piece of the breast-bone ; as connected 
 alike with the clavicle and sternum. 
 
 CLAVUS, s. m. : a term borrowed from 
 the Latin ; and literally signifying a nail, 
 clou, F., nagel, m. G. Applied, in 
 Pathology, to designate an indurated 
 swelling, ognon, F., hiihnenauge, n. G., 
 corn or bunion, of the foot : 2. a cal- 
 lous nail-shaped excrescence of the sclero- 
 tica oculi : and 3. certain forms of uterine 
 condyloma. See CONDYLOME. 
 
 CLEF, s. f., xXs/j, clavis, f. L., 
 schlussel, m. G., key : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the Wormian bones, claves 
 calvariae, L., of the cranium, see WOR- 
 MIENS : in Surgery, to the instrument, 
 clef ' de la pyramide, ou du trepan, F., 
 clavis terebrae, L., which serves to fix or 
 to detach the pyramid of the trephine : 
 and to the Arey-instrument, cl. de Garen- 
 ffeot, anglaise, employed in extraction 
 of the teeth ; and or which the cl. a noix, 
 a pivot, d pompe, are varieties either 
 in principle or construction. 
 
 CLEIDO-COSTAL, adj., cleido-costalis, 
 
 L. : in Anatomy, the name of a ligament 
 which passes from the cartilage of the 
 first rib, to the inferior surface of the cla- 
 vicle. Cl.EIDO-SCAPULAIRE, CLEIDO-STER- 
 
 NAL, adj. : terms respectively applied to 
 the articulations of the clavicle with the 
 scapula, and the sternum. All these adjec- 
 tives are improper compounds of the 
 Greek, *Xi}j, or rather *X<S/v, clavicle, 
 with the Latin, costa, scapula, and sternum. 
 
 CLEMATITE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Clematis ( Polyandria, polygyn. ; Ranuncu- 
 laceee}, L., die Waldrebe, G , Virgin's 
 Bower. Two European species, C. erec- 
 ta, et vitalba, cl. droite, et , blanche, 
 aube-vigne, F.,- aufrechte , und gemeine 
 oder steigende waldrebe, upright virgin's 
 
 bower, and traveller's joy, latter, the 
 
 xKnfjuar};, of the Greeks, possess, in all 
 their parts, peculiarly acrid qualities 
 Leaves, rubefacient and even vesicant. 
 Employed, externally, in cutaneous dis- 
 eases; internally, in Syphilis, and Cancer. 
 
 CLIGXEMESJT, s. m. (*x/v&/, I move to- 
 wards), oculorum nictatio, L., blinzen 
 mjt den augen, G., winking: a motion 
 whereby the eye-lids are brought toge- 
 ther, in order to weaken the impression of 
 a too powerful light upon the eye ; or fa- 
 cilitate the perception of distant or mi- 
 nute objects.
 
 CLI 
 
 CLIGNOTANT, adj., winking: an epi- 
 thet applied, in Comparative Anatomy, to 
 the third or internal eye-lid, membrane 
 clignotante ou nictitante, F., membrana 
 nictitans, palpebra tertia vel interna, peri- 
 ophthalmium, L., nicArhaut, Minzhaut, f. 
 G. It is most conspicuously seen in the 
 nasal angle of the eye of birds; and occurs, 
 also, in certain of the Sepice, Fishes, and 
 Amphibia. In many Mammifera, as those 
 of the Cat genus, the opossum, badger, 
 racoon, horse, elephant, and seal, it is con- 
 siderably developed ; and supported, in 
 some instances, by a fibre-cartilage. A 
 mere rudiment of it exists in Man and 
 the Quadrumana. It is drawn across the 
 eye-ball, in birds, by two muscles. None 
 of the Mammifera, except the rhinoceros, 
 and perhaps the horse, is yet known to 
 possess a muscular apparatus connected 
 with this structure. Its purpose is evi- 
 dently the protection of the retina from 
 the action of a too vivid light. In ani- 
 mals furnished with a glandula Harderi, 
 Harder'sche druse, G., the excretory 
 duct terminates on the border of the nic- 
 titating membrane. 
 
 CLIGNOTEMENT. Syn. with CLIGNE- 
 MEVT. 
 
 CLIMACTERIQUE, adj., climactericus 
 
 (x^iftaxrvg, every seventh year of human 
 life), L., klimacterisch, G. The ancients 
 believed that human diseases were deve- 
 loped with greater frequency and fatality 
 in certain years than others : and, hence, 
 every seventh was called by them, the 
 climacteric year, annfe climacitrique, F., 
 xXiftaxrvgixo; IMIO.UTOS, annus climacteri- 
 cus, L.., stufenjahr, n. G. : while the six- 
 ty-third, as a multiple of 7 by 9, and 
 therefore peculiarly pregnant with mortal 
 ailments, was distinguished by the title of 
 the grand Climacteric. Some physicians 
 have also termed climacteric, epoques cli- 
 macteriques, F., certain periods of life, 
 as characterized by revolutions in the hu- 
 man economy not dependent on the nu- 
 merical progression of years. Such are 
 the period of puberty in both sexes ; and 
 that of the cessation of the menstrual flux, 
 in the female. 
 
 CLIMAT, s. m., xX/^a, clima, n., re- 
 gio terrae, f. L.., himmelstrich, erdstrich, 
 m. G., climate : in Geography, a space 
 comprized between two circles, parallel to 
 the earth's equator. In Hygiene, an ex- 
 tent of country wherein all the circum- 
 stances, which exercise an influence upon 
 organized beings, are nearly the same : 
 again, the assemblage of all those circum- 
 stances and conditions, exclusive of orga- 
 nic texture, on which life depends, and 
 which exert upon it a perceptible opera- 
 tion. CLIMATERKJUE, adj., climateri- 
 cus, climaticus, L., belonging to, or con- 
 
 137 
 
 CLI 
 
 nected with the peculiarities of, a climates 
 Ex. M orbi climatici, L., klimatiscfiekrar\]i~ 
 heiten, G., climatic diseases. 
 
 CLINANTHE. s. m., clinanthium (*x/vj, 
 a bed, <>>&>;, a flower), L. : in modern Bo- 
 tany, the common receptacle of compound 
 flowers, der gemeinschaftliche fruchtbo- 
 den receptaculum commune, I... der zu- 
 sammengesetzten blumen, G. 
 
 CLINIQUE, adj., clinicus (xX/v, a bed), 
 L., klinisch, G., clinical : an epithet 
 applied, in Pathology, to transactions 
 which take place, especially visits paid, 
 and instructions delivered, at the sick 
 bed. Thus the clinical physician, x/v/- 
 KOS medicus clinicus, der klinische arzt, 
 is one who practises medicine, n *>u- 
 vixn, medicina clinica, die klinik, (see 
 the admirable Medecine Clinique, of An- 
 dral), or, more properly, delivers lectures, 
 lecons cliniques, F., at the bed-side of 
 his patient. La Clinique, hopital ou e- 
 cole clinique : an institution, institutum 
 clinicum, L., eine klinische anstalt, ein 
 klinikum, G., expressly destined for the 
 reception of patients, who serve as sub- 
 jects for this valuable kind of pathological 
 instruction. 
 
 CLIXOUJE, adj., clinoides, clinoideus 
 
 (xX/v, T3af , resemblance), L., bettf orm- 
 
 ig, G., clinoid: an epithet employed, 
 
 in Anatomy, to designate the four emi- 
 nences, apophyses clinoides, F., proces- 
 sus clinoidei, L., situated at the summit 
 of the body of the sphenoid bone, and form- 
 ing part of the sella Turcica, tiirkensat- 
 tel, G. They are distinguished into ante- 
 rior and posterior, vordere und hintere 
 abhangige fortsatze, G. ; and derive the 
 adjective appellation from their fancied 
 resemblance to the posts of a bed, on which 
 the pituitary gland reposes. 
 
 CLISEOMETRE, s. m., clisiometrum, n. 
 (xKiffis, inclination, ftirgw, measure), L., 
 klisiometer, n., beckenmesser, m. G. : an 
 instrument wherewith to measure the de- 
 gree of inclination of the human pelvis, 
 and the relation existing between the axis 
 of its cavity, and that of the body. 
 
 CLITORIS, s. m., x^tiros, clitoris, f. 
 
 L., klitoris, f., schamziingelchen, n., 
 
 kitzler, m. G. : in Anatomy, the small 
 prominent organ, of somewhat elongated 
 figure, which occupies the central and su- 
 perior part of the vulva, in female Mam- 
 mifera. An imperforate glans, surround- 
 ed by a prepuce-like fold of mucous mem- 
 brane, terminates its free extremity. 
 The organ consists of corpora cavernosa, 
 resembling, in structure and attachment, 
 those of the membrum virile ; is, relative- 
 ly to its slender volume, abundantly sup- 
 plied with blood-vessels and nerves; is 
 susceptible of erection, and furnished 
 with a pair of muscles, see ISCHIO-CLI-
 
 CLO 
 
 TORIDIEV, for that purpose. CLITORI- 
 DIEN, adj., clitorideus, Li., belonging to 
 the clitoris : Exs. Artere , veine cliloridi- 
 enne, F.: the former, a branch of the inter- 
 nal pudic artery ; the latter, situated on 
 the dorsurn clitoridis, and pouring its blood 
 into the pudic vein. CLITOHISME, s. m., 
 clitorismus, m. L. : Tabus d'un clitoris 
 volumineux, der missbrauch eines iiber- 
 grossen klitoris, G., d'une femme libidi- 
 neuse, F. 
 
 CLOAQUE, s. m., cloaca, f. L., kloak, 
 f. G. : a term literally signifying a sink 
 or common sewer ; but employed, in Com- 
 parative Anatomy, to designate a pouch 
 which forms the extremity of the intesti- 
 nal canal in the Monotremous Mammife- 
 ra, see MONOTREME, in birds, reptiles, 
 and certain fishes. Its orifice constitutes 
 the anus of these animals. The semen of 
 the male, and the products of conception 
 of the female, with the faeces and urine of 
 both, pass through the cavity of the cloaca 
 in their expulsion from the body. 
 
 CLOCHE, s. f. : the popular designation 
 of vesicles formed by effusion of serum 
 beneath the epidermis. See AMPOULE. 
 
 CLOISON, s. f., p^ay^a, septum, n. 
 I,., scheidewand, f. G., partition : in 
 Anatomy, the sheet of membrane or of 
 muscle, or the plate or process of bone, 
 destined to separate two cavities from 
 each other, or form a principal into divers 
 secondary cavities or cells; as the mem- 
 branous septum lucidum, which divides the 
 lateral ventricles of the brain ; the mus- 
 cular partition, septum ventriculorum cor- 
 dis, L., die scheidewand der herzkam- 
 mern, G., which intervenes betwixt the 
 cardiac ventricles; and the osseous septum 
 narium, cloison des fosses nasales, F., 
 nasenscheidewand, G., consisting princi- 
 pally of a process of the ethmoid bone, 
 and the vomer, whereby the nasal ca- 
 vities are separated. The recto-vaginal 
 septum, cl. reclo-vaginale, F., is rather a 
 cavity than partition, existing between 
 the posterior paries of the vagina, and the 
 anterior surface of the female rectum 
 For an account of the great muscular 
 partition, which divides the thorax and 
 
 abdomen, see DIAPHRAGME; of the 
 
 membranous septum existing between the 
 cavities of the chest, see MEDIASTIN. 
 
 In Botany, the term is applied to the 
 laminae, dissepimenta, L., which sepa- 
 rate the capsule, or cavity, of a fruit into 
 several distinct cells containing seeds. 
 
 CLONNIUE, adj., clonicus (*Xaoj, tu- 
 multuous movement), L. : an epithet, in 
 Pathology, applied to convulsion, spas- 
 mus clonicus, L.., klonischer krampf, G., 
 in which the limb, or part, affected, is 
 violently agitated to and fro. The adjec- 
 tive, tonic, see TONIQUE, is, on the 
 
 138 
 
 COA 
 
 contrary, applied to spasm wherein the 
 suffering member remains perfectly im- 
 moveable. CLONISME, s. m., clonismus, 
 m. L. : the term employed, by Baumes, 
 to designate clonic convulsion. 
 
 CLOPORTE, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Porcellio, belonging to the terrestrial Crus- 
 tacea : and formerly confounded, by .Lin- 
 naeus, with Apterous Insects. The spe- 
 cies, common in Europe, inhabit caves, 
 cellars, and dark and damp places. The 
 
 P. Oniscus assellus, ovi<ros, of the 
 
 Greeks, ? cloporte ordinaire, F., is ac- 
 counted diuretic. The officinal Millipes, 
 cl. prepare des officines, is an armadillo. 
 See ARSIADILLE. 
 
 CLOU, s. m., literally a nail : the po- 
 pular designation of FURONCLE. de 
 girofie: the name of the calyx of the 
 
 Clove-tree, see GIROFLIER, gathered 
 
 previously to the development of tne flow- 
 er; and employed as a condiment. 
 de Vodl, see STAPHYLOME. hystirique, 
 clavus hystericus, Ij. : an acute pain con- 
 fined to one point of the head ; and fre- 
 quently affecting hysterical females. 
 
 CLUPEE, s. f. : a genus, in Ichthyology, 
 Clupea ( Malacopteryg., Abdominal., Cuv.), 
 L., the Herring, which contains several 
 species highly important in their connec- 
 tions with commerce and diet. The prin- 
 cipal of these are the common herring, 
 C. harengus, hareng commun, F., der 
 baring, G. ; the sprat, C. sprattus, sar- 
 dine, die sprotte ; and the shad, see A- 
 LOSE. The pilchard, formerly confound- 
 ed with the herring, now constitutes the 
 type of a new genus, Clupanodon, charac- 
 terized by the absence of teeth : hence the 
 term, (Clupea, and a.Au;, toothless). 
 The fishery of the pilchard, C. pilchardus, 
 cilan, F., stromling, m. G., is of 
 great national importance to Britain. 
 
 CLYSTERE, s. m., lavement, m., x.\va- 
 TJ, x}.v<r<rriiov (xKvl^u, I rinse), clyster, 
 m., enema, n. L., klyster, n. G., glys- 
 ter : an operation which consists in in- 
 jecting a fluid into the large intestine, by 
 means of a pip e (seringue, f. L., klys- 
 terspritze, f. G., likewise designated by 
 the terms, x^vfrrig, and clyster, L.), in- 
 troduced per anum ; also, the fluid, cold 
 or warm, simple or medicated, employed 
 in such operation. Clyster ocularis vel 
 auricularis, L. : an instrument, syringe, 
 destined for the injection of divers flu- 
 ids into the eye and ear. 
 
 CNIDOSIS, s. f., F. and L. : a term bor- 
 rowed from the Greek, x.^uim ; and em- 
 ployed to express a stinging sensation like 
 that excited by the contact of Urtica urens. 
 
 COAGULATION, s. f., coagulatio, f. L., 
 gerinnen, n. G. : the conversion of any 
 liquid into a soft and tremulous mass. 
 Most of the animal and vegetable fluids,
 
 COG 
 
 as blood and albumen, are susceptible of 
 this process, during which caloric is extri- 
 cated. COAGULANT, adj. : a term former- 
 ly applied, in Materia Medica, to remedies 
 or poisons, remedia vel venena coagulan- 
 tia, L,., which were thought to possess the 
 property ot coagulating the animal fluids, 
 especially the blood. The French term, 
 coagulum, borrowed from the Latin, is syn. 
 with CAILLOT. 
 
 COARCTATION, s. f , coarctatio, f. Cco- 
 arctare, to straiten), C. : a term, in Patho- 
 logy, applied to the straitening, reserre- 
 ment, retrecissement, F., of the various 
 orifices and canals of the animal body : 
 Exs. Coarct. de la pupille, de Vuretre, du 
 canal digestif, F., contraction of the pupil, 
 of the urethra, of the intestinal canal. 
 COCCINELLE, s. f. : a genus of Coleopter- 
 ous Insects, Coccinella, L., der Sonnen- 
 kafer, die Marienkuh, G., Lady-Bird, 
 Lady-Cow, constituting the type' of the 
 COCCINELLIDES, s. m., pi., Coccinellidce, 
 L.., and comprehending numerous spe- 
 cies. One of the most common, C. sep- 
 tcmpunctata, distinguished by the exist- 
 ence of seven black dots on the scarlet ely- 
 tra, has been reputed anti-odonlalgic. 
 
 COCCYCEPHALE, s. m., coccycephalus 
 (xoxxt/V, the coccyx, xi^a.^*, head), L. : a 
 term applied, by Geoff'roy-St.-Hilaire, to 
 monsters with the bones of the cranium and 
 neck exceedingly small, and terminating 
 in a point like the coccyx, or the bill of a 
 cuckoo, kukkuksschnabel, G., according 
 to Kraus ;who gives Coccygocephale, as the 
 proper construction of the term. 
 
 COCCYGIO-ANAL, adj., coccygio-analis, 
 L. : a name, in Anatomy, given, by 
 Chaussier, to the external Sphincter Ani 
 muscle, m. coccygio-anal, F., ausserer 
 schliesser des mastdarms, G., as belong- 
 ing alike to the coccyx and anus. 
 
 CoccY-PuBiEX, adj., coccy-pubianus : 
 a term applied, in Anatomy, to the antero- 
 posterior diameter of the lower or perineal 
 aperture of the human pelvis ; as extend- 
 ing from the coccyx to the pubis. 
 
 COCCYX, s. m., xoxxu?, also a cuckoo, 
 coccyx, os coccygis, L., steissbein, m. 
 G. : in Anatomy, a small bone attached 
 to the inferior or perineal extremity of 
 the sacrum, and lengthening its curvature 
 anteriorly. It corresponds, in Man, with 
 the caudal elongation of the other Mam- 
 mifera ; and affords attachment to the 
 Sphincteres and Levatores ani, and the Coc- 
 cygei, muscles. It is developed, in the 
 foetal state, by four or five points of ossi- 
 fication, one for each division which the 
 adult bone continues to exhibit. The 
 original Greek designation is said to have 
 been derived from the fancied resemblance 
 of the bone to the cuckoo's beak. COCCY- 
 GIEN, adj., coccygeus, L. Winslow ad- 
 
 COC 
 
 mits the existence of two distinct coccygeal 
 
 muscles, m. coccygiens, F., stiessbein- 
 
 muskeln, G. : one, anterior, ischio-coccy- 
 gien; the other, posterior, sacro-coccy- 
 ffien, F. See these Articles. 
 
 COCHEMAR. Syn. with CAUCHEMAR. 
 
 COCHENILLE, s. f. : a genus of Hemip- 
 terous Insects, Coccus, L., die Coche- 
 
 nille, G., the Cochineal, comprizing 
 
 numerous species. One of the most im- 
 portant, coch. du nopal, F., the C. cacti, 
 of Naturalists, and Coccinella, of Pharma- 
 cologists, lives upon a species of Cactus 
 growing in Mexico, hence called C. co- 
 chinillifer, cochenillenbaum, m. G., see 
 CACTIER ; and furnishes the valuable 
 carmine. Another, coch. de Pologne, 
 C. Polonicus, is brought from Poland, on 
 the roots of a Polygonum, or of Scleran- 
 thus perennis ; and yields a colouring mat- 
 ter less splendid than that of its Mexican 
 congener : while a third, Cocc. ilicis, 
 from which the animal kermes is obtained, 
 lives upon a species of oak, see KERMES. 
 These Insects were, long after their in- 
 troduction into Europe, regarded as the 
 seeds of a plant ; and, hence, derived their 
 generic designation from the Greek, xax- 
 M.OS. They are destitute of medicinal pro- 
 perties ; and now employed, in Pharmacy, 
 merely as a colouring ingredient. Co- 
 CHEXILTNE, s. f., cochenilina, f. L. : a 
 term whereby it is proposed to designate 
 the colouring matter, carmine, of the 
 Cochineal insect. 
 
 COCHLEAIRE, adj., cochlearis, L., 
 schneckartig, G., an epithet applied, by 
 Cuvier, to the fenestra rotunda, lafene- 
 tre ronde, F. ; as establishing a communi- 
 cation between the cavity of the tympa- 
 num, paukenhohle, f. G., and the inter- 
 nal spire of the cochlea, die schnecke, G. 
 
 COCHLEARIA. See CRANSOK. 
 
 COCHOX, f. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Sus. See SANGHER. flnde : a spe- 
 cies, successively arranged in the genera, 
 Mus, Cavia, and Hydrocheerus ( Mammife- 
 ra, Rodentia, Cuv. ; Digitata, glires, BL). 
 The guinea-pig, Hydr. Cavia cobaia, 
 
 formerly, Cav. porcellus, a well-known 
 
 South-American animal, has long been do- 
 mesticated in Europe. Itsjlesh is edible. 
 See, also, AGOUTI, and CABIAI. 
 
 COCON, s. m. : in Zoology, the envelope 
 of silk, fiopGvXiov, bombycis folliculus, 
 L., seidengehause, f. G., cocoon, spun 
 by the caterpillar of several species ot 
 Bombyx, especially the B. mori, or silk- 
 worm moth, previously to its transfor- 
 mation into the chrysalis state. A simi- 
 lar structure is produced by the larva of 
 some other insects, as that of the ant-lion, 
 Myrmeleon formicarius, fourmilion, F M 
 ameisenlowe, G. ; and by certain spiders, 
 as a nidus for the reception of their ova.
 
 C(EL 
 
 COCOTIEII, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cocos ( Monoeda, liexandr. ; Palmee), L., 
 der Coccosbaum, G., Cocoa-nut-tree, 
 containing several species ; the most valu- 
 able of which is the C. nucifera, coc. des 
 Indes, F., a native of the tropical regions 
 of Asia and America. Its fruit, the co- 
 coa-nut, le coco, F., die cocosnuss, G., 
 is enveloped in a fibrous mass which 
 serves for the manufacture of cordage. 
 In the oval shell, is contained a hollow 
 kernel : its interior filled with a pleasant, 
 sweetish, whey-like fluid; both, alimenta- 
 ry. A sort of wine is obtained by the fer- 
 mentation of this fluid, as well as of the 
 sap of the tree ; an ardent spirit, by their 
 distillation. The kernel yields an oleagi- 
 nous substance, resembling butter, see 
 BEURRE, and frequently substituted for 
 it, in domestic economy. 
 
 COCTION, s. f., coctio, f. (coquere, to 
 boil, digest, concoct), L., kochung, ver- 
 dauung, f. G. : in Physics, the subjection 
 of an animal or vegetable substance, com- 
 monly for alimentary purposes, to the 
 sustained action of fire, in order so to mo- 
 dify its internal qualities and texture, 
 that the organs of digestion may operate 
 with facility upon it : in Physiology, the 
 
 process digestion, whereby alimentary 
 
 substances, principally during their so- 
 journ in the stomach, are converted into 
 chyme. The fantastical notions of the 
 ancients respecting concoction in its rela- 
 tions to Pathology, are destitute alike of 
 interest and utility. 
 
 CODAGAPAI.E, s. m., codagapala, f. L. : 
 in Materia Medica, the bark of Nerium 
 antidysentericum, a tree of Ceylon and 
 Malabar; lately constituted, by Brown, 
 into a new genus, Wrightia ( Pentandria, 
 monogyn. ; Apocyneae), L. It is powerfully 
 astringent ; and represented as a more ef- 
 fectual remedy in Diarrhoea and Dysen- 
 tery, than the Simarouba. 
 
 CODE, s. m., codex, m. L., codex, 
 gesetzbuch, m. G. : in Medicine, a collec- 
 tion of formulae destined to serve as a 
 guide in the preparation of officinal reme- 
 dies. Thus, the Codex Medicamentarius, 
 sive Pharmacopoea Gallica, an excellent 
 work, published by the Faculty of Medi- 
 cine, of Paris, is a selection of pharmaceu- 
 tical formulae adopted by the medical 
 practitioners of that city. 
 
 CCECUM, CGECAL. See CAECUM. 
 
 CcELiAauE, adj., cceliacus, L., cceli- 
 ac, belonging to the intestines, X/A./, 
 eingeweide, G. : a term applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, 1. to an artery, art. cceliaque (opis- 
 to-gastrique, Ch.), F., arteriacasliaca, L., 
 eingeweideschlagaAer, G., a large azy- 
 gous trunk which arises from the abdomi- 
 nal aorta immediately after its passage 
 through the diaphragm, and divides into 
 
 140 
 
 C(EU 
 
 the coronary-stomachic, hepatic, and sple- 
 nic branches : 2. to a plexus of nerves, 
 
 pi. cceliaque ou solaire ( median ou opisto- 
 gastrique, Ch.), pi. cceliacus, formed by 
 numerous twigs from the semilunar gang- 
 lia, with branches of the pneumo-gastric ; 
 and situated, anteriorly to the aorta, a- 
 round the ccsliac trunk, or tripod, tronc 
 ou tripied de la cceliaque, F., as it is 
 sometimes named. See Swan, Demon- 
 stration of the Nerves, 1 830. pi. vi vii. 
 
 In Pathology, the term, flux cceliaque, 
 F., morbus cceliacus, lienteria, L., <r- 
 toi K/>^iaxa>, bauchfiuss, m. G., cceliac pas- 
 sion, is applied to a diarrhoea, in which 
 chyle or chyme is said to be evacuated by 
 stool, without suffering any alteration in 
 in its passage through the intestinal canal. 
 The affection is ordinarily symptomatic 
 of chronic enteritis, or a tubercular condi- 
 tion of the mesenteric glands. 
 
 CGELOMA, f. m. F., n. L. : a term bor- 
 rowed from the Greek, *o/x&^, which sig- 
 nifies hollow or cavity ; and employed to 
 designate a circular and superficial ulce- 
 ration of the cornea, hornhautgeschwur, 
 n. G., more extensive, but less deep, 
 than the BOTHRION. 
 
 COSNOLOGIE, S. f., xa;voXsy/, CCenolo- 
 
 gia, f. Li., berathschlagung, rathsver- 
 
 sammlung, f. G., conference or consulta- 
 tion of different persons, especially phy- 
 sicians or surgeons, consultatio medica vel 
 chirurgica, L. 
 
 COJUR, s. m., xetfitet, cor, n. L.., 
 herz, n. G., heart : in Comparative A- 
 natomy, a muscular organ consisting, in 
 Man, the inferior Mammifera, and Birds, 
 of four distinct cavities : two Auricles, 
 see OREILLETE ; the right, receiving the 
 blood from all parts of the system, by the 
 venae cavae ; the left, from the lungs, by 
 the pulmonary veins : and two Ventricles, 
 see VENTRICULE ; the right, propell- 
 ing the blood to the lungs, by the pul- 
 monary artery ; the left, to the general 
 system, by the aorta. Thus, the heart, 
 constituted, in all these animals, of a 
 pulmonary and an aortic portion, each 
 comprizing an auricle and ventricle, is said 
 to be double ; and performs a double a 
 pulmonary and a systemic circulation. In 
 some Chelonian and Saurian Reptiles, as 
 the Turtle and Crocodile, the heart con- 
 sists of two auricles ; one, destined for the 
 reception of the venous or carbonized 
 blood from the system ; the other, of the 
 arterial or decarbonized fluid from the 
 lungs, hence respectively corresponding 
 to the pulmonary, and aortic or systemic, 
 auricles of the higher animals : and of two 
 ventricles, so disposed as to constitute, in 
 fact, but one cavity ; from the pulmonary 
 portion of which, all the arterial trunks of 
 the organ emanate. The Batraciens, F.
 
 COM 
 
 exhibit only a single auricle and ventri- 
 cle; presiding, however, over a double 
 circulation. One auricle and one ventricle 
 exist, also, in Fishes : they execute mere- 
 ly a branchial circulation ; which corres- 
 ponds with the pulmonary, of the preced- 
 ing Classes. Thus far, as regards the 
 great organ of circulation in the Vertebrat- 
 ed animals. 
 
 Of the Invertelrated, the Cephalopoda, as 
 the Cuttle-fish, among the Mollusca, pos- 
 sess two branchial and one aortic heart, 
 without auricles ; distinct, and even dis- 
 tantly situated, from each other : the two 
 former, at the root of the branchiae, see 
 BRANCHIES. In the other Mollusca, there 
 exists only one branchial heart, composed 
 of an auricle and ventricle; which, in 
 some Acephala, as the Oyster, is perforat- 
 ed by, or rather surrounds, the intestinal 
 canal. The Crustacea and Arachnides are 
 furnished, on the contrary, with one aortic 
 heart. An organ, called the dorsal vessel, 
 see DORSAL, the ultimate structure and 
 functions of which are yet the subject of 
 great doubt or controversy among physi- 
 ologists, apparently supplies the place of 
 the heart, in Insects, both in their larva 
 and perfect states. The Holothurice, a- 
 mong the Zoophytes, exhibit an appearance 
 of vessels accompanying the intestinal ca- 
 nal ; and an opaque spot, probably the 
 gut, visible in the body of a Vorticella, 
 has, by some Zootomists, been mistaken 
 for the heart : yet, beyond the Mollusca 
 and Insects, no distinct traces of a heart, 
 or of any organ occupying its place, or 
 executing its functions, has hitherto been 
 detected. For an acconnt of the Structure 
 and Physiology of the human Heart, see 
 Senac, Traite de la Structure du Ccenr, &c. 
 Paris, 1783; and Adelon, Physiologic de /' 
 Homme, Paris, 1829: of the Comparative 
 Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart, the 
 often-cited works of Blumenbach, Carus, 
 Dhere ; and Meckel, System der Vergleich- 
 enden Anatomic, translated from the Ger- 
 man into French, by Jourdan : of its Mal- 
 formations, and Pathology, in Man, Farre, 
 Pathological Researches, Essay 1., London, 
 1812; Senac, Work just quoted; Bertin, 
 Traite des Maladies du Casur, Paris, 1824 ; 
 Kreysig, Die Krankheiten des Herzens, 
 Berlin, 1814; Testa, Delle Malattie del 
 Cuore, Naples, 1826; and Hope, Treatise 
 on Diseases of the Heart, &c. 1832. 
 
 In Botany, the central layers of wood, 
 exhibiting greater closeness of texture 
 than and differing, in colour, from those 
 situated nearer to the surface, are termed 
 the heart, cceur, F., cor, n. L., kern, 
 m., kernholz, n. G., of the tree. 
 
 COHABITATION, s. f., cohabitatio, f. L., 
 zusammenwohnen, n. G.: in common 
 parlance, the act of living together, as man 
 
 141 
 
 COI 
 
 and wife : in Juridical Medicine, the con- 
 summation of marriage ; intercourse be- 
 tween the sexes. See COIT. 
 
 COHESION, s. f., cohsesio, f. (coharere, 
 to adhere or hang together), L., zusam- 
 menhang, f. G. : the action by which the 
 molecules of a body adhere together, and 
 resist their separation ; the power pro- 
 ducing this result. Syn. with molecular 
 affinity, the affinity of aggregation. 
 
 COHOBATION, s. f. : in Chemistry, the 
 distillation of a liquid several times in 
 succession, wiederholtes abziehen, G., 
 from the same substance. 
 
 COIFFE, COEFFE, s. f., haube, f. G., 
 literally a cap or hood : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy, to a portion of the membranes, 
 haubennetze, n. G., of the human o- 
 vum, with which the head of the foetus is 
 sometimes enveloped at the period of 
 birth. To be thus born, (tre ne coeffe, 
 is, by the vulgar, deemed a most auspici- 
 ous circumstance : and the miraculous 
 power of preserving its fortunate possessor 
 from shipwreck and sundry other casual- 
 ties, is still attached, in the eyes of igno- 
 rance and superstition, to the mystical 
 caul. The child's head, in fact, exhibits 
 this covering, either when rupture of the 
 foetal membranes has occurred at a dis- 
 tance from the orifice of the uterus ; or 
 when, from their extraordinary resistance, 
 the ovum has been expelled whole. In 
 popular language, the omentum, see E- 
 PIPLOON is named Coiffe, caul, netz, 
 G. The like designation is given, in Bo- 
 tany, to the membranous envelope, see 
 CALYPTRE, which caps, like an extin- 
 guisher, the opercule, and sometimes the 
 entire urn containing the organs of fructi- 
 fication, of the Mosses. 
 
 COIGNASSIER, s. m. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Cydonia ( Icosandria, pentagyn. ; Rosa- 
 cece), L., der Quittenbaum, G., Quince- 
 tree, lately separated from Pyrus, and 
 containing but few species. The common 
 Quince, C. vulgaris, coign, commun, o- 
 riginally from the town of Cydon, in Crete, 
 whence probably the name, is culti- 
 vated in Europe, for the sake of its fruit, 
 le Going, F., malum cydonium, L.., 
 die quitte, G., the quince ; which is too 
 austere to be eaten raw. The pippins a- 
 bound in mucilage. The French have an 
 Officinal Syrup of the fruit, Syrupus de 
 Cydoniis, Ph. Gall., said to be useful, as 
 an astringent, in Diarrhoea : the Germans^ 
 a Mucilage, Quittenschleim, of the seeds, 
 quittensamen. 
 
 COIN, s. m., cuneus, m. L., keil, m. 
 G., wedge: in Physics, an instrument 
 destined to effect the separation of the 
 parts of a body between which it is insi- 
 nuated : ordinarily employed, by the Ana- 
 tomist, in exposing the vertebral cavity.
 
 COL 
 
 COINCIDENCE, s. f., coincidentia, f. I,., 
 zusammentreffen, n. G., coincidence, 
 falling together simultaneous concur- 
 rence of several phenomena or circum- 
 stances ; as, in Medicine, the symptoms 
 phenomenes coincidents, F of diseases. In 
 Optics, the coincidence of the rays of light 
 upon the retina, la coincidence des rayons 
 lumineux sur la retine, F., is a condition 
 essential to distinctness of vision. 
 
 COINDICATION, s. f., coindicatio, f. L. : 
 in Therapeutics, das zusammentrefFen 
 mehrerer merkmale, G., the coincidence 
 of several signs, signes comdicans, F., 
 signa coindicantia, L., which furnish the 
 same, or strengthen the indication furnish- 
 ed by other phenomena of the disease. 
 
 GOING, s. m. See COIGNASSIER. 
 
 CO'I'T, s. m., coitio, f., coitus, concubi- 
 tus, congressus venereus, m. I..., af^ia-i- 
 airftos, ffuvovff'ia., beiscblaf, m. G., coition, 
 sexual intercourse ; union des deux sexes 
 pour Pacte de la generation. L'acte du 
 edit est appele aussi copulation chez les ani- 
 maux ; et cohabitation dans 1'espece hu- 
 main, F. 
 
 COL, ou Cou, s. m., collum, n., cer- 
 vix, f. Ij., ttv^riv, r/>d%n\os, hills, m. G., 
 neck : in Zoology, that part of the bo- 
 dy which, in Man and the other Vertebra- 
 ta, connects the head and thorax; and the 
 commonly slender portion which, in In- 
 sects, intervenes between the head and 
 corselet, or, sometimes, the corselet itself, 
 when unusually long, slender,and rounded. 
 
 In Human Anatomy, the term is appli- 
 ed to the variously extenuated portion 
 which unites the body of a bone to the 
 rounded protuberance, called the head, or 
 to an important process ; or the body of a 
 hollow viscus, to the more expanded part 
 in which its orifice is situated : as, for ex- 
 ample, the neck of the thigh- and the arm- 
 bone, Col. du femur, de F humerus, F., 
 collum femoris, humeri, L. ; the neck 
 of the bladder, of the uterus, col de la 
 vessie, de la matrice, collum vesicae uri- 
 narise, cervix uteri, L., hals der harnblase, 
 der gebarmutter, G. The neck of the 
 scapula, col de romoplate, collum scapu- 
 lae, is the contraction which the bone ex- 
 hibits at its anterior superior or acromial 
 angle, behind the glenoid cavity : that of 
 the lower jaw, collum maxillae inferioris, 
 L., hals ues unterkiefers, G., the slight- 
 ly extenuated portion, situated, on each 
 side, immediately below the condyloid pro- 
 cess of the bone. 
 
 COLATURE, s. f., colatura, f. (colare, 
 to strain or filter), L., durchseihung, f. 
 G. : in Pharmacy, the filtration of a li- 
 quid ; the product of such operation, or 
 liquid filtered. 
 
 CoLCHiauE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Colchicum (Hexandria, trigyn. ; Melantha- 
 
 142 
 
 COL 
 
 ceae), I,., das Kolchicum, die Zeitlose, 
 
 G., Meadow-Saffron. It constitutes, 
 
 with French Botanists, the type of a new 
 Natural Family, COI.CHICACEES, COLCHI- 
 CEES, s. m., and adj., pi., Colchicete, L., 
 comprizing monocotyledonous monopeta- 
 lous perigynous plants, with stamens in- 
 serted into the calyx. Among these, are 
 the medicinal Sabadilla, and Veratrum. 
 
 The principal species, C. aulumnale, 
 colchiqve de raulomne, saffran balard, F., 
 xoX%ixov (quod a Colchide, where, accord- 
 ing to Dioscorides, it grew abundantly), 
 herbstzeitlose, G., common meadow-saf- 
 fron, flowers, during autumn, in the 
 
 meadows of Kurope. All parts of the 
 plant exhale a nauseous and unpleasant 
 odour; and the fresh bulbs contain a high- 
 ly acrid milky juice, deleterious to man 
 and many other animals. The Colchicum 
 is powerfully cathartic ; diuretic, and con- 
 sequently administered as a substitute for 
 Squill, in Dropsy; and a valuable remedy 
 in rheumatism and gout, constituting the 
 basis of divers empirical remedies celebra- 
 ted in the treatment of the latter disease. 
 An exceedingly nutritious fecula may be 
 obtained from the bulbs, by re-iterated ab- 
 lution. 
 
 Officinal Preparations, French and Ger- 
 man : a Spirituous and Vinous Tincture, 
 Tinctura Vinum de Bulbis Colchici, Ph. 
 Ga#., Geistige , Weinige Tinctur der 
 Herbstzeitlose ; an Oxymel, Oxymel de 
 
 Aceto Colchici, Herbstzeitlosen-Sauer- 
 
 honig. German : a Vinegar, and Syrup, 
 Herbstzeitlosen-essig, und Syrup. 
 
 COLEOFTERE. s. m., and adj., coleop- 
 terous (xoXios, a sheath, ^ri^v, a wing), 
 L. The term, Coleopteres, pi., Coleop- 
 tera, L., Coleoptern, G., has been ap- 
 plied, by De Geer, Linnaeus, and succeed- 
 ing Naturalists, to an Order of the Class, 
 Insecta ; the animals composing which, 
 have their wings folded transversely, and 
 protected by a horny or coriaceous cove- 
 ring, mit flugeldecken, versehen, G., 
 provided with wing-cases. The Coleoptera, 
 of which the Scarabaus, Cantharis, and 
 Coccinella, afford familiar examples, are, 
 in popular language, termed beetles. See 
 Dejean and Boisduval, Iconographie des 
 Coleopteres d' Europe. 8vo., Paris, 1833 
 COLEOPTEROI.OGIE, s. f., coleopterologia, 
 f. L. : a Treatise on Coleoptera. COLEOP- 
 TEROLOGUE, s. m., coleopterologus, m. 
 L., coleopterist : one who especially stu- 
 dies Coleopterous Insects. 
 
 COLEOPTILE, s. m., coleoptilus, m. 
 
 (xaXsoV, vrr'tKav, a downy feather, plu- 
 mule), L., federchenscheide, f. G. : in 
 Botany, a sort of sheath which envelopes 
 the plumule of the LUiaceae and Alismacea, 
 at the moment of the germination of the 
 seed. COI.EOPTII.K, aaj., coleoptilatus ;
 
 COJL 
 
 L., mit erner federchenscheide versehen, 
 G., furnished with a coleoptile. 
 
 COLEORRHIZE, s. f., coleorrhiza, f. (KO- 
 Xiaj, a sheath, pi&, a root), L., wurzel- 
 chenscheide, f. G. : a sheath which enve- 
 lopes the radicle of the Graminece, and o- 
 ther plants, at the moment of germina- 
 tion. COLEORRHIZE, adj., coleorrhiza- 
 tus, L., furnished with a radicle-sheath. 
 
 COLERE, s. f., fyyv, ffvftas, ira, f., fu- 
 ror brevis, m. L., zorn, m. G., anger, 
 choler, wrath : violent passion, accompa- 
 nied by those well-known phenomena 
 which result from the operation of some 
 transient, cause producing excitement of 
 the brain. 
 
 COLIQUE, adj., KU^IKOS, colicus, L., 
 kolisch ? zum kolon gehorig, G., colic : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to ves- 
 sels, or other appendages, belonging to the 
 COLON. Of the six colic arteries, art. co- 
 Tiques, F., respectively distinguished by 
 the terms, superior, middle, and inferior, 
 superieure, moyenne, et inferieure, F., the 
 three right (meso-colique, colique droite, 
 and coecale, Ch.), are branches of the 
 superior mesenteric : while the left supe- 
 rior (grande colique gauche, Ch.), the left 
 middle, frequently a branch of the preced- 
 ing, and the left inferior (petite colique 
 gauche) are given off' by the inferior me- 
 senteric. The colic veins, veines coliques, 
 F., six also in number, pour their con- 
 tents into the greater and lesser mesente- 
 ric veins. In Pathology, employed, in its 
 original and strictly etymological accep- 
 tation, to designate a disease or pain seat- 
 ed in the Colon, x.aXix,n vixro?, see CO- 
 LIQUE, s. : in Materia Medica, a remedy, 
 xea^ixov <pwtax, remedium colicum, L., 
 prescribed tor the cure of such disease. 
 COLIQUE, s. f., colica, f. L., kolik, f. 
 G. The term, Colic, was, as its etymolo- 
 gy indicates, originally employed to desig- 
 nate a morbid condition of the Colon ; but 
 has subsequently been made to compre- 
 hend all those affections, which exhibit, 
 as their characteristic phenomenon, acute 
 pain seated in any part of the abdomen, 
 especially about the umbilical and hypo- 
 gastric regions. French writers enume- 
 rate many species, or varieties, of the dis- 
 ease, distinguished either by the peculia- 
 rity of the exciting cause ; as Colique de 
 plomb, vermineuse, the former, conse- 
 quent on the introduction of lead into the 
 system, the latter, on the irritation of 
 worms: by the precise situation, or organ, 
 which it affects ; as nephretique, uterine, 
 uterine and nephritic colic : or by the 
 external characters, or phenomena, which 
 it exhibits; as c. inflammatoire, spasmo- 
 dique, inflammatory and spasmodic colic. 
 COLITE, s. f., colitis, f., inflammatio 
 membranre mucosje coli intestini, L., ent- 
 
 143 
 
 COL 
 
 ziindung des schleimhautes des kolons, G., 
 inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 of the colon. 
 
 COLLAPSUS. f. m., collapse: a term 
 borrowed from the Latin, and employed, 
 in Pathology, to express sudden diminu- 
 tion of cerebral energy, complete and in- 
 stantaneous failure of the powers of life. 
 
 COLLATERAL, adj., collateralis, L. : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to any ves- 
 sel, or nerve, which accompanies, or runs 
 by the side, von der seite, G., of, ano- 
 ther part or organ. There are, for exam- 
 ple, two collateral arteries, art. collaterals, 
 F., of the arm : the superior, superieure, 
 externe (grande musculaire du bras, 
 Ch.), a branch of the brachial ; and the 
 infet ior, inferieure ou interne (collaterale 
 du coude), given off by the same vessel, 
 near the internal condyle of the humerus. 
 The collateral veins, veines collaterals, 
 F., pour their blood into the axillary. 
 
 COLLE, s. f., xflXX, colla, f. L., 
 leim, m., gluten, n. G., glue or gluten. 
 Colle-forte, common glue: a gelatine ex- 
 tracted from divers animal substances. 
 See GELATINE. de poisson. See ICH- 
 
 THYOCOLLE. 
 
 COLLECTION, s. f., collectio, f. (colli- 
 gere, to accumulate), L. : a term employ- 
 ed, by Pathologists, in conjunction with 
 the epithets, purulent, sanguine* sereuse, 
 F., to designate an accumulation, amas, 
 m., F., sammlung, anhaufung, f. G., of 
 pus, blood, or serum, in any cavity, or or- 
 gan of the animal body. 
 
 COLLERETE, s. f . : in Botany, theinvo- 
 lucrum of the Umbelliferce. See INVOLU- 
 CRE. 
 
 COLLET, s. m. : a term employed, in 
 Anatomy, to designate that part" of the 
 tooth of the Mammifera, collum, n. Jj., 
 hals, wurzelhals, m. G., neck, which 
 intervenes between the crown and fang, or 
 fangs, of the organ. In Botany, that por- 
 tion of a plant, which constitutes the line 
 of separation betwixt the stem and root : 
 also, the minute projection which exists 
 at the base of the leaves of the Graminees: 
 and, lastly, a kind of crown or ring, an- 
 
 neau, collier, F., annulus, cingulum, 
 
 collare, L., halsring, G., which invests 
 the superior portion of the pedicle of cer- 
 tain of the Agarics and Boleti. 
 
 COLLETIQUE, adj. (xoXXj, glue) : an e- 
 pithet formerly used, in Materia Medica, 
 to designate remedies, xoXXT(x Qagpa- 
 
 xu, remedia colletica, L., verleimende 
 
 mittel, G., which serve for the purpose 
 of agglutination. See AGGLUTINATIF. 
 
 COLLIER, s. m. : a term applied, in Pa- 
 thology, to exanthemata which surround 
 the neck, like a collar. In Botany, synon. 
 with COLLET. 
 
 COLLIQUATIF, adj., colliquesccns (col-
 
 COL 
 
 liquere, to dissolve, to melt away), L., 
 schmelzend, G. : an epithet applied, in 
 Pathology, to divers kinds of flux, as the 
 sueur colliquative, devoiement colliquatif, F. 
 ^colliquative perspiration and diarrhoea, 
 of phthisis ; which produce a rapid ex- 
 haustion of the patient, and are apparent- 
 ly the results of a morbid process, named, 
 by the ancients, COLLICIUATION, s. f. col- 
 liquatio, f. L., schmelzung, auflosung, f. 
 G. : a progressive diminution, or melting 
 away, of the solid parts of the animal body. 
 COLLISION, s. f.. collisio, f. L., zu- 
 sammenstoss, m. G. : in Physics, the shock 
 of two bodies brought into contact. 
 
 CoLLYRE, S. m., xaXXu<av, xaXXK<ay, 
 
 collyrium, n. L. : in Pharmacy, an appli- 
 cation, sometimes in the form of powder, 
 and then termed collyre sec, pulverulent, 
 but ordinarily liquid, for affections of the 
 eye. Kraus describes it as a mucilagi- 
 nous lotion, ein - feuchtes schleimichtes 
 augenmittel, G. By the Ancients, the 
 term was applied to a solid body, of elon- 
 gated and cylindrical figure, destined for 
 introduction into the anus, vagina, ear, or 
 nostril, in the treatment of the various dis- 
 eases of these cavities. 
 
 COLOMNEES, adj. pL. ColumnattB, L. : a 
 name given, by Linnaeus, to the Natural 
 Family of the Malvaceae ; in consequence 
 of the union of the filaments of the vari- 
 ous plants composing it, into a sort of co- 
 lumn or cylinder. 
 
 COLOMNAIRE, adj., columnaris, L., 
 saulenformig, G. : in Botany, the andro- 
 phore of a plant is distinguished ' by the 
 epithet, columnar ; when, as in Malva, it 
 rises vertically from the centre of the 
 flower, and resembles a small column, A 
 species of Clathrus, among the Fungi, re- 
 ceives also the distinctive epithet colum- 
 narius; as consisting of four column-like 
 branches, united at their summit. 
 
 COLON, s. m., xu\<n, colon, n. L., 
 kolon, n., grimmdarm, m. G. : in Anato- 
 my, a portion of the intestinal canal, in- 
 tervening between the ccecum, caput co- 
 li, or blind-gut, and the rectum. The 
 term, according to Blanchard, is derived 
 from KW^IIIIV, to impede, ab impediendo ; 
 quia in eo excrementa, ne statim decidant, 
 morantur, L. 
 
 The Colon, or great gut, le grand bo- 
 yau, F., presents four divisions : 1. the 
 right lumbar, or ascending colon, col. lom- 
 baire droit ou ascendant, F., occupying 
 the right lumbar region, and extending 
 from the summit of the coecum, to the in- 
 ferior surface of the liver and last asternal 
 ribs : 2. the transverse, or arch of the, co- 
 lon, c. transverse, ou 1'arc du colon, tra- 
 versing the abdominal cavity, and longer 
 and more voluminous than the lumbar di- 
 visions, right and left, with which it is 
 
 144 
 
 COL 
 
 continuous : 3. the left lumbar or descend- 
 ing, c. lombaire gauche ou descendant, si- 
 tuated vertically in the lejt lumbar region, 
 below the spleen, anteriorly to the corres- 
 ponding kidney and quadratus lumborum 
 muscle ; and continuous, above, with the 
 preceding division. belo", with 4. the sig- 
 moid flea;u>e, or iliac convolution, 1'*, ou 
 circonvolution, iliaque, du colon / which oc- ' 
 cupies the left iliac fossa ; and, forming a 
 double curvature, and loosely confined by 
 a process of peritoneum, unites, about the 
 basis of the sacrum, with the rectum. The 
 Colon exhibits the same peculiarities of 
 structure as the coecum. For an account 
 of its blood-vessels, see COLIQUE, adj. Its 
 supply of nerves, nerfs coliques, F., is 
 derived from the TRI-SPLANCHNIQUE. 
 
 COLONNE, s. f., (rri/Xaj, columna, f. 
 L., siiule, f. G., column or pillar : a 
 term employed, in Anatomy, to designate 
 parts which exhibit some resemblance to 
 a column ; as la Colonne Vertibrale, F., 
 see VERTEBRAL ; les colonnes charnues du 
 cceur, see CHARNU. Vessie a colonnes: 
 the urinary bladder receives this designa- 
 tion, when its muscular coat is formed by 
 large fasciculi separated from each other, 
 and exhibiting projections into the cavity 
 of the organ, with intervening cells, or 
 cysts, in which calculi may lodge, and thus 
 become encysted : an anatomical disposi- 
 tion more common in subjects of advanced 
 than in those of early age. Colonnes du 
 rectum : the longitudinal ridges which the 
 interior of the rectum exhibits in its low- 
 er portion. For the application of the 
 term, in Botany, see COLOMNKES. In 
 Physics, applied to a quantity of any fluid 
 showing an altitude greater than the dia- 
 meter of its base ; as Colonne rf'air, de 
 mercure, a column of air, of quicksilver. 
 
 COLOQUINTE, s. f. : a species, in Bota- 
 ny, belonging to the genus, Cucumis. See 
 CONCOMBRE. The plant, C. cotocynihis, 
 grows wild in the Levant. The pufp, con- 
 tained in its fruit, xo^oxwtlis, fructus , 
 pomum Colocynthidis, Coloquinlida, f. L., 
 koloquinthe, f., koloquinthen-gurke, f. 
 G., colocynth-cucumber, is excessively 
 bitter and purgative. French and German 
 Officinal Preparations : an Extract, Ex- 
 tractum Colocynthidis, Ph. Gall., Kolo- 
 quinthen-Extract. German : a Tincture, 
 Koloqumthen-Tinctur ; an Oil by Infu- 
 sion, and Troches, Aufgegossenes Kolo- 
 quinthenol, und Koloquinthenkugeln. 
 
 COLOSTRUM, s. m., colostra, f., colos- 
 trum, n. L., kolostrum, n., die erste mut- 
 termilch nach der entbindung, G. : the 
 first milk secreted by the female of mam- 
 miferous animals, after parturition. That 
 of the human female contains more serum 
 and butter, and less of the caseous princi- 
 ple, than ordinary milk: and consequently
 
 COL 
 
 exercises, on the intestinal of the infant, a 
 slightly purgative action, whereby the ex- 
 pulsion of the Meconium is accelerated 
 The first milk of the cow, beestings, die 
 biestmilch, G., possesses similar quali- 
 ties. COLOST RATION, s. f., colostratio, f. 
 Li. : an absurd term which some authors 
 apply to the diseases of infants, induced, 
 in their opinion, by the peculiar qualities 
 of the first milk or Colostra. 
 
 COLPAI.GIE, S. f., Colpalgia, f. (x.a>.Vt>(, 
 
 sinus muliebris, aXyaj, pain), .L., *sehmerz 
 in der mutterscneide, G.,~dolor vagina, L. 
 
 COLPOCELE, s. f., colpocele (X.OXTOS, 
 xfav, an hernial tumour, JLi, hernie vayi- 
 nale, F., hernia vaginae, L., mutter- 
 scheidenbruch, m. G. Synon. with E'i.Y- 
 TROCET.E. 
 
 COLPOPTOSE, s. , colpoptosis, f. (same, 
 and vriaffis, a falling), L., chute du vagin, 
 F., prolapsus vaginae, L., mutterscheid- 
 envorfall, m. G. 
 
 COLPORRHAGIE, s. f., colporrhagia, f. 
 (same, and pwywfii, I burst forth), hemor- 
 rhagia vaginalis, L., mutterscheidenblut- 
 fluss, m. G., tcoulement de sang par le va- 
 gin, F. 
 
 COLPOSE, s. f., colposis, vel colpitis, 
 L. Synon. with E'LYTROITE. 
 
 COLPOSTEGNOSE, s. f., colpostegnosis, 
 f. (it'oK-ros, g-rfyvo/a, I close),- vaginae obli- 
 
 teratio, L., verwachsung der mutter- 
 
 scheide, G., obliteration du vagin, F. 
 
 COLPOSTENOCHORIE, s. f.,-^colposteno- 
 choria, f. (same, and <rnvo%ufa, narrow- 
 ing), contractio vaginae, L., verengerung 
 der mutterscheide, G. 
 
 COLUMBO, s. m. CALUMBA, COLUM- 
 BA : in Materia. Medica, a root, ratine de 
 Colombo, Ph. Gall., radix Columbae, L., 
 Columbo-wurzel, G., the product of a 
 plant, Menispermum palmatum, the Coc- 
 culus palmatus, of De Candolle, see Co- 
 QUECULE, growing in the eastern regions 
 of south Africa, and the forests of Moxam- 
 bique. It was originally imported from 
 Colombo, in the island of Ceylon ; and 
 hence derived its name. Bitter, slightly 
 aromatic, tonic, and restringent, this root 
 is regarded, and employed in diet, by the 
 Chinese, as analcptic and aphrodisiac. The 
 Germans have an Officinal Extract and 
 Tincture, Columbowurzelextract, und 
 tinctur, of the Columbo-root. 
 
 COLUMELLE, s. f., columella, f. L., 
 siiulchen, n. G., a little pillar,, columnet ? 
 in Botany, the vertical axis of certain 
 fruits which remains, as in the Gerania, 
 after the decadence of the other parts : al- 
 so, the filiform axis, sporangidium, I.,., 
 situated in the centre of the urn of the 
 Mosses, to which the seeds are adherent. 
 In Conchology, the little pillar which con- 
 stitutes the axis of a spiral shell. COLTJ- 
 adj., columeilatusj L. : an epi- 
 
 145 
 
 COM 
 
 thet applied to plant or shell which exhi- 
 bits a columnet. 
 
 COMA, s. f. : a term borrowed from the 
 Latin, coma, Greek, Ko^n, schopf, m. G., 
 a tuft of hairs, the hair ; and employed, 
 in Botany, to designate, 1 . a tuft of brac- 
 teae, situated below the flower, as in Fri- 
 tillaria imperialis : or 2. of sterile flow- 
 ers, which, as in Hyacinthns comosus, crowns 
 the summit of certain forms of inflores- 
 cence : ad 3. the tufts of hairs which are 
 fixed in the pellicle of certain seeds. 
 
 COMA, s. m., XM^M, coma, n. L., 
 schlafsucht, f. G., drowsiness, uncon- 
 querable disposition to sleep : a term ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to a state of drowsi- 
 ness, ein krankhafter sehr fester schlaf, 
 G., more heavy than sopor, but less pro- 
 found than lethargy, or CARUS. Two 
 species, or varieties, of it are recognized 
 by pathologists : 1. C. vigil, agrypnoides, 
 see AGRYPNIE, characterized by deli- 
 rium, closure of the eye-lids, and frequent 
 change of posture : and 2. C. somnplenlum^ 
 comatodes, by immobility of the body 
 and profound drowsiness. GOMATEUX, 
 
 adj., xuftctmtiyf, comatodes, schlaf- 
 
 suchtig, -comatose : Ex. Sommeil , symp- 
 
 tomes comateutx, F., somnus comatosus, 
 
 symptomata comatosa, L,.; fievre comateuse> 
 a variety of cerebral fever. 
 
 COMBIWAISON. s, f., compositio, unio, 
 f. L., verbindung, f. G., combination : 
 in Chemistry, the intimate union of two 
 or more bodies in definite proportions ; 
 from which results a compound, possessing 
 new and peculiar properties. Thus, wa- 
 ter is formed by the combination of hydro- 
 gen and oxygen ; and nitrate of potass, by 
 that of nitric acid and the vegetable alcali, 
 potass. In Pharmacy, the admixture, 
 vermischung, f. G., of two or more me- 
 dicinal agents, frequently without suffici- 
 ent regard to their chemical affinities, and 
 the changes which may result from their 
 action upon each other. 
 
 COMBURANT, adj., comburens (combu- 
 rere, to burn), L., verbrennend, G. 
 The term, principe comburant, is applied, 
 by French chemists, to a body which, like 
 oxygen, in combining with other bodies, 
 gives rise to the phenomena of combustion. 
 
 COMBUST IBILITE, s. , verbrennlich- 
 keit, f. G.,-~CGmbustibility : the property 
 of burning. 
 
 COMBUSTION, s. f., combustio, (com- 
 burere, to burn), L., xav/ris, verbren- 
 nung, f. G., the act of burning : a pro- 
 cess, in the popular acceptation of the 
 term, characterized by the evolution of 
 caloric and light, with a change in the na- 
 ture of the body burned. Not syn. with 
 OXYGENATION : since divers bodies, des- 
 titute of oxygen, give out caloric and light 
 in combining together.
 
 COM 
 
 Spontaneous combustion, comb, sponta- 
 nee, F., selbstverbrennung, G., taking 
 place at a low atmospheric temperature, 
 without the intervention of an ignited bo- 
 dy, is frequently exhibited by accumula- 
 tions of animal, vegetable, and even mi- 
 neral substances, under circumstances fa- 
 vourable to its development, as wool, 
 furs, horse-manure, hay, cotton, coal. To 
 this source, the otherwise inexplicable de- 
 struction of cotton-manufactories by fire 
 has been plausibly ascribed. The Sponta- 
 neous Combustion of the human body consti- 
 tutes a phenomenon yet more extraordi- 
 nary. The possibility of its occurrence 
 was long doubted ; but sufficient evidence 
 of the fact has, at length, been acquired, 
 to justify its admission. Many attempts 
 have been made to explain this mysteri- 
 ous process upon scientific principles ; as 
 an alcoholic impregnation of the system, 
 and the evolution of phosphuretted hydro- 
 gen into the cellular membrane, and its 
 subsequent ignition by an electric spark 
 resulting from the highly electrical condi- 
 tion, idio-electricite, F., of the animal 
 body. Nothing decisive is, however, yet 
 known respecting it. See Lair, Essai sur 
 les Combustions Humaines, 8vo. Paris, 
 1800; Koester, Dissertatio de Combustione 
 Carport's Humani Spontanea, 4to. Jenae, 
 1804 ; and Kopp, Ausfuhrliche Darstellung 
 und Untersuchung der Selbstverbrennungen 
 des Menschlichen Korpers, 8vo., Frankfort, 
 1811. COMBUSTIBLE, adj., combustion! 
 obnoxius, L., xavripo;, brennbar, ver- 
 brennlich, G., combustible : susceptible 
 of combustion. COMBUSTIBLES, s. m., and 
 
 adj., pL, combustibilia, 6rewnmateriali- 
 
 en, combustible materials. 
 
 COMESTIBLE, adj., fyuffipos, IduSipef, 
 edulis, esculentus, L., essbar, G., eata- 
 ble, edible, esculent : an epithet applied to 
 many organized bodies, animal and vege- 
 table, which are susceptible of conversion 
 to the sustenance of man , as, among the 
 former, Ostrea , Mytilus edulis, the e- 
 dible Oyster and Mussel ; among the lat- 
 ter, C alodium esculentum, Morchella escu- 
 lenta, Caladium with an edible root, and 
 the esculent Morel. See Persoon, Traite 
 des Champignons Comestibles. 8vo., Paris, 
 1818. 
 
 COMMEMOKATIF, adj., commemorati- 
 vus (commemorare, to call to remem- 
 brance), L. : an epithet applied, in Patho- 
 logy, to signs, signet eoaimemoratifs, F., 
 serving to recal any morbid affection, ac- 
 cident, or other important circumstance, 
 which has existed, or occurred, previously 
 to the development of the disease, under 
 which the patient actually labours. 
 
 COMMI.NUT'ION, s. f., comminutio, f. 
 (comminuere, to break to pieces), L. : in 
 Surgical Pathology, the reduction of a 
 146 
 
 COM 
 
 bone into splinters, by crushing. COMMI- 
 NUTIF, adj., comminutivus : an epithet 
 applied to fractures, fr. comminutives, F., 
 in which the bones are broken and sepa- 
 rated into numerous fragments. 
 
 COMMISSURE, s. f., commissura, f. L., 
 ffvftZot.r;, vereinigungspunkt, m. G. : in 
 Anatomy, the point of union between any 
 two parts, or organs, of the animal body ; 
 as the commissures of the lips and eye-lids, 
 comm. deslevres, des palpebres, F., and 
 consequently, in this sense, synon. with 
 Angle : also, the medium, band, n. G., 
 whereby the two corresponding portions 
 of a double organ are united ; as the com- 
 missures of the brain. These, comm. du 
 cerveau, F., commissures cerebri, I*, 
 bander des gehirns, G., are two small fas- 
 ciculi of medullary substance, situated, in 
 a transverse direction ; one anteriorly, 
 the other posteriorly, to the middle cere- 
 bral ventricle. The former, c. anlerieure, 
 is cylindrical, curved, and seated below 
 the anterior pillars of the fornix : the lat- 
 ter, c. posterieure, shorter and more vo- 
 luminous, loses itself in the hemispheres ; 
 and forms, according to Chaussier, one of 
 the boundaries of the brain. The term, 
 commissure, is also made, by Gall, to com- 
 prehend every part of the encephalon si- 
 tuated upon the median line ; and consti- 
 tuted, in his opinion, by an union of con- 
 verging nerves. Thus, the corpus callo- 
 sum, see CALLEUX, is named by him, 
 as it has been by Soemmering, grande 
 commissure du cerveau, F., commissura 
 maxima cerebri, L. 
 
 COMMOTION, s. f., commotio, f. ( com- 
 moner e, to disturb), L. : a term employed, 
 in Physics, to designate the shock, comm. 
 electrique, F., experienced on the recep- 
 tion of a charge from an electrical ma- 
 chine : in Surgical Pathology, violence in- 
 flicted, by external agents, upon an organ, 
 without evident lesion of structure at the 
 period of infliction of the injury ; but fre- 
 quently terminating in inflammation and 
 abscess : as comm. du cerveau, dufoie, 
 de la moelle epiniere, F., concussion of the 
 brain, of the liver, of the spinal marrow. 
 
 COMMUN, adj., KOIVOS, communis, vul- 
 garis, L., gemein, gemeinschaftlich, G. : 
 an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to de- 
 signate the main trunk of any vessel or 
 canal, which divides into, or consists of, 
 two or more branches ; as the common ca- 
 rotid and iliac arteries, see CAHOTIDE, 
 and In ACUTE ; the common gall-duct, see 
 CANAL, and CHOLEDOQUE : or any struc- 
 ture extensively, or universally, envelop- 
 ing others, as the common integuments 
 see TEGUMEN, of the animal body. In 
 Botany, the petiole is termed common, 
 when, as in that of the compound leaf of 
 Cassia occidentalis, it sustains several leaf-
 
 COM 
 
 lets, or secondary petioles ; the receptacle, 
 when, as in the Synantherea, it affords 
 insertion to numerous sessile florets, see 
 CLINANTHE ; the involucrum, when, as 
 in the Umbelliferce, several flowers are con- 
 gregated above it; and the spatha where- 
 in, as that of the genus Allium, several are 
 enclosed. Thus far, the epithet is synon. 
 with the adjectives general (allgemein, G.), 
 and primitif, principal, F. 
 
 In Natural History, applied to any ob- 
 ject, of ordinary and familiar occurrence ; 
 and thus synon. with vulgaire, F., vulga- 
 ris, L. ; as la Carotte commune, the common 
 carrot ; la carpe vulgaire, the common carp : 
 Sturnus vulgaris, L., the common Starling : 
 Prunella vulgaris, common Self-heal. 
 
 COMMUNICANT, adj., communicans, 
 
 conjungens, L. : an epithet applied, in A- 
 natomy, to certain blood-vessels which con- 
 spicuously communicate with, or establish 
 a communication between, others. Of the 
 two communicating arteries, art. communi- 
 cantes, F., of the brain, the anterior, an- 
 terieure, forms a communication between 
 the anterior cerebral arteries ; and the pos- 
 terior, posterieure, ou de Willis, given off 
 by the internal carotid, anastomozes with 
 the posterior cerebral, a branch of the ba- 
 silar, basilarterie, G. 
 
 COMPACITE, S. f., rvKvorr,;, Soliditas, 
 
 f. L., dichtheit, festigkeit, f. G., com- 
 pactness, density, closeness of texture : in 
 Physics, the quality of a body in which 
 the molecules are so closely arranged that 
 there exists only a very minute interval 
 between them. COMPACT, adj., dense, 
 serre, KVXVO;, compactus, solidus, L.., 
 dicht, fest, G., compact, dense : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Anatomy, to the more 
 
 solid structure, tissu compact, of the 
 
 bones : in Zoology, to the body of an In- 
 sect, when, as in the genus Buprestis, the 
 head, trunk, and abdomen, are not sepa- 
 rated by deep grooves or ineisures: in 
 Botany, employee! to specifically designate 
 a plant, all parts of which, as Sphagnum 
 compaclum, are very closely arranged: in 
 Mineralogy, a mineral, the constituent 
 particles of which, as in Chaux carbonatee 
 compacte, F., compact carbonate of lime, 
 are so densely pressed together, as to exhibit 
 no vestige of its structure. 
 
 COMPLEMENT AIRE, adj., complemen- 
 tarius (complere, to complete), L,., <rvp- 
 -!r\^uTix.os, complementary : qualified for 
 filling up, or supplying, a deficiency ; as 
 Journal Complementaire du Dictionaire des 
 Sciences Medicates. 
 
 COMPLET, adj., complete, perfect: an 
 epithet employed to designate a flower, 
 which possesses a calyx, corolla, and sex- 
 ual organs, male and female. Thus, the 
 wild rose is termed, in Botanical language, 
 flos completus, L., eine vollst'dndige bluthe, 
 
 147 
 
 COM 
 
 G. : while the lily, as destitute of a calyx, 
 the Hippuris, of a corolla, and Bryonia 
 dioecia, of either pistil, or of stamens, are 
 imperfect, flores incompleti, L. unvoll- 
 standige bluthen, G. 
 
 COMPLEXE, adj., complexus, L., 
 
 complex : composed of an assemblage of 
 many distinct things or objects. Chaus- 
 sier, in his anatomical descriptions, prefers 
 the employment of this adjective, to that 
 of the 1 epithet complicated, complique, F. 
 
 COMPLEXION, s. f., complexio, f. L., 
 beschaffenheit, f. G. : an expression em- 
 ployed, by the medical physiognomist, es- 
 pecially to designate the assemblage of 
 physical characters which an individual 
 exhibits, when contemplated in relation 
 to the exterior disposition of the body, 
 corporis habitus vel constitutio, L. : in 
 common language, the colour of the face, 
 vultus color, L.., gesichtsfarbe, f. G. : 
 Ex. Pallidus oris color, a pale complexion. 
 On the varieties of the human complexion, 
 and their causes, see Pochard's Physical 
 History of Man. 
 
 COMPLEXUS, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 from the Latin, synon. with the French, 
 Compliqiii ; and employed, in Anatomy, 
 to designate two muscles which are formed 
 by an almost inextricable admixture of 
 fleshy and aponeurotic fibres : 1. Muscle 
 grande complexus (trachelo-occipital, Ch.), 
 complexus, sen biventer cervicis major, 
 L., zweibauchiger nackenmuskel, G. ; 
 situated on the posterior part of the neck; 
 and extending from the interval between 
 the two transverse ridges on the posterior 
 surface of the occipital bone, to the trans- 
 verse and articular processes of the six 
 lower cervical, and the transverse of the 
 first five dorsal vertebrse : and 2. M. petit 
 complexus (trachelo-mastoidien, Ch.), tra- 
 chelo-mastoideus,-nackenwarzenbeinmus- 
 kel ; from the posterior part of the mas- 
 toid process of the temporal bone, by thin 
 tendons to the transverse processes of the 
 five lower cervical and three superior dor- 
 sal vertebrse. 
 
 COMPLICATION, s. f., complicatio, f. 
 L., zusammenwickelung, f. G. : in Pa- 
 thology, the simultaneous existence of se- 
 veral diseases, not entirely independent 
 on each other : the co-existence or morbid 
 affections which do not, in any way, exer- 
 cise a reciprocal modification, is not a 
 complication. COMPLIQUE, adj., compli- 
 cated : Ex. Maladies compliyuees, F., 
 morbi complicati, L.., verwickelte krank- 
 
 heiten, G., complicated diseases. See 
 
 COMPLEXE. 
 
 COMPOSE, adj., compositus, L., zu- 
 sammengesetzt, G., compound: an epi- 
 thet applied L, in Pathology, to morbid 
 affections, maladies composees, F., morbi 
 composite, L., which, as bilious erysipelas, 
 
 L2
 
 COM 
 
 and bilious inflammatory fever, result 
 from the concurrence of several causes : 2. 
 in Pharmacy, to an officinal Preparation, 
 which, as the compound Tincture of Cas- 
 tor, XusammengesetzteBibergeiltinctur, 
 G., is composed of several medicinal sub- 
 stances : 3. in Botany, employed some- 
 times as synon. with aggregate, agrtgc, 
 F. ; thus the bulb of a plant is designated 
 compound, when formed, as in Allium, by 
 an assemblage of bulbules : sometimes 
 synonymous with divided, divisi ; for the 
 petiole, when divided into secondary peti- 
 oles sustaining leaflets, and the peduncle 
 of the Umbelliferce, are termed compound; 
 as is the leaf, when divided into several 
 leaflets. In Chemistry, the result of the 
 combination of several bodies is named a 
 compound: if the constituent bodies of such 
 compound be, themselves, simple, it is a 
 primary, if compound, a secondary com- 
 pound. Thus, water, consisting of oxygen 
 and hydrogen, belongs to the former and 
 sulphate of soda, resulting from the combi- 
 nation of sulphuric acid, and the mineral 
 alcali, to the latter class of chemical com- 
 pounds. For the application of the epi- 
 thets, Composees, and Composiliftores, to 
 Botany, see SYNANTHEREES. 
 
 COMPOSITION", s. f., compositio, f. L., 
 zusammensetzung, vermischung, com- 
 position, f. G., the act of composing : Ex. 
 Composition des remedes, F., remediorum 
 compositio, L. : also the compound, com- 
 pose, compositum, resulting from such 
 act ; as eine chemische oder pharmaceu- 
 tische vermischung, G., a chemical or 
 pharmaceutical composition. 
 
 COMPRESSE, s. , splenium, n. L., 
 compresse, f., bausch, m., bauschchen, n. 
 G. The compress, or pad, in Surgery, is a 
 piece of folded linen, which serves, in the 
 dressing of wounds or sores, to defend the 
 injured parts from the contact of air and 
 external bodies ; to retain remedies in 
 their proper situation ; and fill up any ex- 
 isting inequalities of surface, so that an 
 equable pressure, by bandage, may be ex- 
 ercised on the seat of injury or disease. 
 
 COMPRESSEUR, s. m., compressor, con- 
 strictor, m. L. : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, 1. to a facial muscle, compress tri- 
 angulaire du nez (sus-maxillo-nasal, Ch.), 
 F., compressor constrictor naris, L. 
 zusammendriicker der nase, G., extend- 
 ing, on each side, from the outer part of 
 the nasal, and adjacent portion of the su- 
 perior maxillary bone, to the lower part 
 of the former, and the nasal process of the 
 latter: 2. to a muscle, or fasciculus of mus- 
 cular fibres, situated in the perineum, and 
 consisting of that portion of the levator ani 
 which embraces the prostate. The exist- 
 ence of this, compr. de la prostate, F., 
 compressor prostratse, L., as a distinct 
 
 148 
 
 CON 
 
 muscle, is admitted by Albinus ; and 
 Winslow has named it the superior pros- 
 tatic, TO. prostatique superieur. It con- 
 stitutes the pubio- sous-pubio-prostatique, 
 of modern French anatomists. In Surge- 
 ry, an instrument, compr. de Dupuytren, 
 destined to compress the crural artery, 
 is thus designated ; and another, invented 
 by Nuck, for exercising compression on the 
 urethra, and thus preventing the involun- 
 tary escape of urine, compr. de Nuck. 
 
 COMFRESSIBILITE, s. f., compressibili- 
 tas, f. L., zusammendruckbarkheit, f. G., 
 compressibility : the property possessed 
 by bodies, of reduction into a smaller vo- 
 lume, by the action of an external cause, 
 as pressure or percussion ; whereby their 
 constituent molecules are more closely 
 congregated. COMPRESSIBLE, adj., com- 
 pressibilis, fiurro;, zusammendruckbar, 
 susceptible of compression. 
 
 COMPRESSION, s. , compressio, f. L., 
 
 4/u^of, zusammendriickung, zusam- 
 
 menpressung, f. G. : in Physics, the ac- 
 tion exercised upon a body, by an exter- 
 nal force, which presses more closely together 
 its constituent molecules, and thus aug- 
 ments its density. Compression is em- 
 ployed, in Surgery, for the repression of 
 haemorrhage from diseased or wounded 
 blood-vessels ; in the treatment of aneu- 
 rism, wounds, sores, and divers accidents 
 and diseases of the animal organs : and has, 
 in modern times, been extended to that of 
 scirrhous and other indolent tumours, with 
 the view of procuring their absorption. 
 The agent, made use of in the application 
 of pressure, is ordinarily the TOURNIQUET; 
 or a bandage, hence termed, by the French, 
 bandage compressif. COMPRIMER, v. a., 
 
 comprimere, zusammendriicken, to 
 
 compress, to exercise compression. COM- 
 PRIME, adj., "-compressus, complanatus, 
 zusammengedruckt : an epithet applied, 
 in Surgery, to a blood-vessel, canal, or o- 
 ther organ or member of the animal body, 
 which suffers compression : in Botany, to 
 the various parts and organs of plants, 
 in Mineralogy, to crystals which exhibit 
 a compressed or flattened figure. 
 
 CONARION, s. m., xuva^'uv (dimin. of 
 xuvos, a cone), conarium, n. L. : a term 
 applied, by Galen, to the pineal gland, 
 zirbeldriise, f. G., see PINEALE ; and re- 
 vived, by Chaussier, in his reformed ana- 
 tomical nomenclature. 
 
 CONCASSER, v. a., conterere, L., zer- 
 stossen, G., to bruise or triturate: in 
 Pharmacy, to reduce ligneous substances, 
 as barks and roots, into minute fragments. 
 
 CONCAVATION, s. f., concavatio, f. L. 
 Synon. with ARCUATION. 
 
 CONCAVE, adj., conca vus, L., yx<xj, 
 *rxaj, ausgehohlt, hohl, G. : an epithet 
 applied, in Physics, to any round and hoi-
 
 CON 
 
 low body; as a concave mirror, mirroir 
 concave, F., ein hohlspiegel, G. : in Bo- 
 tany, to any part or organ of a plant which 
 exhibits a hollowed surface without the 
 formation of an angle, and can only be 
 flattened by the production of fold or rup- 
 ture ; as the leaf of Drosera rolundifolia ; 
 the petal of Ruta graveolens, and Tilia Eu- 
 ropoea ; and the umbel of Daucus carota. 
 
 CONCAVO-CONCAVE, adj., concavo-con- 
 cavus, L. : an epithet applied to a glass, 
 concave on both sides, auf beiden seiten 
 hohl, G. ; as CONCAVO-CONVEXE, conca- 
 vo-convexus, to a body concave on one 
 side, and convex on the other, auf der ein- 
 en seite hohl, auf der andern erhaben. 
 
 CONCENTRATION, s. f., concentratio, f. 
 
 L., atnvigirraffi;, concentrirung, zu- 
 
 sammenziehung, G. : in Physics, the o- 
 peration of collecting towards a common 
 centre : in Chemistry, the process where- 
 by the constituent molecules of a body are 
 brought more closely together : in Patho- 
 logy, the accumulation of the animal flu- 
 ids, of the sensibility, or vital powers, in 
 an organ. CONCENTRE, adj., concentra- 
 tus : an epithet applied, in Chemistry, to 
 a solution deprived, by evaporation or o- 
 ther means, of the excess of the solvent 
 body which it previously contained: in 
 Pathology, to a pulse, pouls concentre, F., 
 indicating, by its peculiar character, a 
 contracted condition of the artery. CON- 
 CENTRER, v. a., concentrare, ad centrum 
 compellere, concentriren, auf ein punkt 
 zusammenziehen, to concentrate, to col- 
 lect upon one point or centre ;_as, in 
 Physics, to concentrate the solar rays on 
 the focus of a lens. 
 
 CoxcENTRiauE, adj., concentricus, 
 
 L., concentrisch, G., concentric : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Physics, to circles or 
 
 curves, which have a common centre, 
 
 welche ein gemeinschaftliches centrum ha- 
 ben, G. 
 
 CONCEPTACLE, s. m., conceptaculum, 
 n. L. : a term, in Botany, applied, by Lin- 
 naeus, to a variety of fruit, since designat- 
 ed follicle : by others, to a pulpy pericarp. 
 In general, the cavity, containing the spo- 
 rules of Cryptogamous plants, is distin- 
 guished by this name. 
 
 CONCEPTION, s. , conceptio, fl, con- 
 ceptus, m. L., trvKKn^n, empfangniss, 
 f. G. : in Physiology, a function exercised 
 by the female of viviparous animals ; from 
 which results the formation of an embryo 
 in the organs of the mother. It is the im- 
 mediate consequence of an intercourse be- 
 tween the sexes. 
 
 CONCHIFKRE, adj., conchifer (concha, 
 a shell, ferre, to carry), L,. CONCHI- 
 FERES, s. m. and adj., pL, Conchifera, L.: 
 a name given, by Lamarck, Latreille, and 
 other Naturalists, to a class, or rather 
 149 
 
 CON 
 
 tribe, of Molluscar animals ; comprehend- 
 ing all those which are furnished with bi- 
 valve shells. 
 
 CONCHO-ANTHELICIEN, s. m., and adj., 
 concho-anthelicius. L.,, belonging to 
 the concha and anthelix of the external 
 ear; as a small muscle, Concho-Anthelix, 
 m. transverse de Voreille, F., m. concho- 
 anthelicius, transversus auris, L., der 
 
 ohrschneckengegenwindungsmuskel,quer- 
 muskel des ohres, G., which passes from 
 the anthelix to the concha. 
 
 CONCHO-HELICIEN, s. m., and adj. : a 
 term, or epithet, applied to a small muscle, 
 Concho-helix, petit muscle de Fhelix, F., 
 m. concho-helicius, helicis minor, L., 
 kleiner muskel der ohrleiste, G., which 
 passes from the helix to the concha, der 
 vom helix zur concha geht, G., of the ex- 
 ternal ear. 
 
 CONCHOLOGIE, s. See CONCHYLIOLO- 
 GIE. 
 
 CONCHYLIFERE, adj., conchyliferus 
 
 (conchylium, a shell, ferre, to carry), L. : 
 an epithet applied, in Zoology, to all the 
 Molluscar animals which inhabit shells. 
 In the older systems, thev constitute a 
 distinct Order, by the title of Mollusca 
 testacea, see TESTACE. The construction 
 of the new term is obviously objectionable; 
 since the Latin conchylium, as .well as the 
 Greek original, xayxu*.*, rather signifies a 
 bi-valved shell-fish, than the testaceous co- 
 vering of the animal. 
 
 CONCHYLIOLOGIE, s. f., conchyliolo- 
 gia, (xoyxv*.?!, a shell-fish, Koym, a dis- 
 course), L., muschelschneckenlehre, 
 
 G., conchology : that department of Na- 
 tural History which treats upon shells, or 
 rather, according to the precise etymolo- 
 gy of the term, on shell-fish. 
 
 CONCOCTION, s. , concoctio, L. 
 Synon. with COCTION, and DIGESTION. 
 
 CONCOMBRE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cucumis (Monoecia, monadelph. ; Cucur- 
 bitacea), L., die Gurke, G., Cucumber, 
 containing numerous species ; several of 
 which afford a grateful, but neither whole- 
 some nor nutritious aliment : as 1. the 
 common cucumber, C. sativus, cone. or-, 
 dinaire, F.; 2. the melon, C. melo, le me- 
 lon, F. ; 3. the hairy, C. chale, c. cCE- 
 gypte, F. ; and 4. a species, C. acutangu- 
 lus, le paponge, F., extensively culti- 
 vated in Bengal, China, and Tartary ; and 
 there eaten, boiled and seasoned, with oil 
 and vinegar. The only medicinal species 
 of the genus is the Colocynth. See COLO- 
 auiNTE. 
 
 CONCOMITANT, adj., concomitans, L., 
 begleitend, G. ; an epithet applied, in 
 Pathology, to signs or phenomena, signes 
 concomitans, F., signa concomitantia, L., 
 which accompany the other and more im- 
 portant symptoms of a disease.
 
 CON 
 
 CONCRETE, adj., concretus (concres- 
 cere, to congeal, curdle, thicken), L., 
 concret, verdickt, G- The epithet, con- 
 crete, is employed, in Chemistry, to desig- 
 nate a substance, the state of which com- 
 pletely differs from that of a fluid. Thus, 
 Camphor is termed a concrete oil, hulle 
 concrete, F. ; and benzoic acid, un acid 
 concret. 
 
 CONCRETION, s. , concretio, L. : a 
 term employed in different acceptations. 
 It signifies, 1., in Chemistry, the act of 
 congealing or solidifying ; as exemplified 
 in the concretion of milk and of oil, concr. 
 du Ml, de Fhuile, F. : 2. in Surgery, the 
 growing together of parts naturally sepa- 
 rate ; as adhesion of the fingers, concr. de$ 
 doigts, of the eye-lids, concretio palpe- 
 brarum, L., das zusammenwachsen der 
 augenlieder, Q. : 3. in Pathology, a calcu- 
 lifs formed in the bile, urine, concr. bili- 
 aire, urinaire, F., or other animal flu- 
 id ; also, an accumulation of solid matter, 
 concr. athritiqu/e, in the structure of a 
 joint ; or a morbid production, as an hepa- 
 tic tuber, tuber hepatis, I..., ein concret 
 in der leber, G., developed in the sub- 
 stance of a parenchymatous organ. 
 
 CONDENSATION, s. , cpndensatio, f. 
 L.., verdickung, f. G. : in Physics, the 
 augmentation of the density of a body, and 
 especially of a fluid. The term, condensa- 
 tion, has, also, been employed, in Patholo- 
 gy, to express an increase of the density 
 of the blood or other animal fluid ; and 
 that peculiar condition of the lung, in 
 which, from the obliteration of the air-cells 
 by inflammation or sanguineous conges- 
 tion, the organ has acquired an unnatural 
 solidity qf structure. 
 
 CONDIMENT, s. m., condimentum, n. 
 Li., wiirze, f. G., -sauce, pickle : in Di- 
 etetics, an article employed as a seasoning 
 of more substantial viands. 
 
 CONDUCTEUR, s. m., conductor, m. L. 
 and G.: a term applied, in Surgery, to 
 certain instruments, as the grooved staff 
 which serves to guide the knife or gorget 
 into the bladder, in the operation of litho- 
 tomy : in Physics, a body susceptible of 
 transmitting caloric and electricity ; also, 
 the metallic rod, blitzableiter, G., em- 
 ployed to protect buildings from the 
 stroke of the electric fluid, 
 
 CONDUIT, s. m., ductus, meatus, m. 
 F., gang, kanal, m. G. : a term, in Ana- 
 tomy, synonymous, and generally suscep- 
 tible of indiscriminate application, with 
 CANAL : as le conduit, ou le canal thora- 
 cique, F., the thoracic duct. Yet, in the 
 following instances, the first is arbitrarily 
 and exclusively employed : 1. Conduit au- 
 ditif, F., meatus auditorius, L., gehor- 
 gang, G., distinguished into an external 
 and internal canal, c. auditif externe et 
 
 150 
 
 CON 
 
 interne, F., meat, auditorius externus et 
 internus, I... ; Reformer (cond. oriculaire, 
 Ch.), composed of cartilage and bone, lined 
 by a continuation of the membrane of the 
 external ear, and extending from the con- 
 cha to the membrana tympani ; the latter 
 (c. labyrinthique, Ch.), formed in the pos- 
 terior surface of the petrous portion of 
 the temporal bone, lined with dura mater, 
 and terminating abruptly in a cul-de-sac 
 which is perforated with several orifices, 
 the largest of them, the orifice of the 
 Aquaeductus Fallopii, giving passage to 
 the facial nerve, the others, more mi- 
 nute, communicating with the labyrinth, 
 and transmitting to it the filaments of the 
 seventh or acoustic nerve : 2. guttural 
 de roreille, ductus gutturalis auris, L.. 
 see TROMPE : 3. pterygoidien, vidien, 
 
 ductus pterygoideus, vidianus, L., 
 
 see VIDIEN : 4. pterygo-palatin, ductus 
 pterygo-palatinus, L., see PTEIYGO-PA- 
 LATIN : and 5. nourriciers ou nutriciers 
 des os, ductus ossium nutritii, L., mi- 
 nute canals which perforate the structure, 
 and transmit nutrient vessels to the me- 
 dullary organ, and the cellular aud com- 
 pact tissue, of the various bones. 
 
 CoNDtrrLiatTE, adj., conduplicatus, 
 
 L., doppeltliegend, zusammengelegt, G., 
 conduplicate : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, 1. to leaves which lie longitudinal- 
 ly folded up, and arranged by the side of 
 each other, in the bud, as those of the 
 beech-tree, cherry, lime and oak; and 2. 
 to the cotyledons of a plant, when, as in 
 Avicennia and Brassica, they exhibit a like 
 disposition. 
 
 CONDYI.E, s. m., xovSi/Xa;, condylus, 
 m. I*., beinkopf, m. G.: in Anatomy, an 
 articular eminence, rounded in one direc- 
 tion, and flattened in the other. Accord- 
 ing to this definition, the ginglymoid ar- 
 ticulations only exhibit a true condyle 
 See FKMUR, MAXILLAIRE, OCCIPITAL 
 The term, however, has been improperly 
 extended to tne non-articular eminences, 
 as the lateral tuberosities, external and 
 internal condyle, of the os humeri, aus- 
 serer und innerer gelenkhocker des ober- 
 armbeins, G. ; and, still more incorrectly, 
 even to depressions, as the concave articu- 
 lar surfaces of the superior extremity of 
 the tibia. The transverse root of the zy- 
 gomatic process has, also, been designated, 
 by Chaussier, condyle de Vos temporal. 
 
 CONDYLIEN, adj., belonging, or relat- 
 ing, to condyles : an epithet applied, in A- 
 natomy, to two fossa or depressions ; one 
 of which is situated anteriorly to, the o- 
 ther behind, each condyle of the occipital 
 bone. The former, /. condylienne anteri- 
 eure, F., vordere gelenkhiigelgrube, G., 
 is perforated by an orifice, -trou condy- 
 lien anterieur, F., foramen condyloideum
 
 CON 
 
 anterius, L., vorderes gelenkhuge&ocli, 
 
 G., which transmits, from the interior of 
 the cranium, the great hy go-glossal or 
 lingual nerve : the latter, -/. cond. poste- 
 rieure, hintere gelenkhiigelgrube, by the 
 trou cond. posterieur, foramen posterius, 
 
 hinteres gelenkhtigelloch, frequently 
 
 wanting ; but, when present, giving pas- 
 sage to some inconsiderable blood-vessels. 
 
 CONDYLOIDE, adj., xavSi/XaJSj); , condy- 
 loides, L., knopff ormig, G., condyloid, 
 resembling a condyle. CONDYLO'IDIEN, 
 adj., condyloideus. L. : an epithet com- 
 monly, but incorrectly, employed as a sy- 
 nonym of CONDYLIEN. Really synony- 
 mous with CONDYLOIDE. 
 
 CONDYLOME, s. m., xovbuKupa., condy- 
 loma, n. L., kondylb'm, n. G. : literally, 
 an indurated swelling, eine harte gesch- 
 wulst, G., or tubercle; but employed, 
 in modern Pathology, to designate a soft, 
 fleshy, and indolent excrescence, result- 
 ing from a syphilitic taint ; and develop- 
 ed around the orifices of the genital or- 
 gans and rectum, sometimes, on the fin- 
 gers and toes. 
 
 CONE, s. m.. KUIOS, conus, strobilus, 
 m. L., zapfen, m. G. : in Botany, a co- 
 noid assemblage of coriaceous scales imbri- 
 cated in every direction around a common 
 axis ; as exhibited in the fruits, cones, 
 of the genera, Abies and Pinus. 
 
 CONFECTION, s. f., confectio, f. L. : a 
 pharmaceutical preparation, containing di- 
 vers substances, principally vegetable, 
 made up into a pulpy mass with sugar or 
 honey. The term is nearly synon. with 
 CONSERVE, and ELECTUAIRE. 
 
 CONFERVE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Conferva, L., der Wasserfader, G., be- 
 longing to, and constituting the type of, 
 Division ii, Confervees, Algues Confervoides, 
 F., Alga Confervoideae, L., of the Or- 
 der, Algce, of Cryptogamous plants. See 
 ALGUES. It contains numerous species ; 
 some of which are supposed to have been 
 used, by the ancients, in the consolidation 
 of fractured bones. See Dill wyn, British 
 Confervas, 4to., London, 1809. 
 
 CONFLUENT, adj., conrluens (conflu- 
 ere, to run together), L., ineinanderfliess- 
 end, G. : an epithet employed, in Patho- 
 logy, to designate certain exanthematous 
 affections, the pustules of which, as in 
 confluent small-pox, la petite verole conflu- 
 ente, F., zusammenfliessende blattern, G., 
 unite and run together. In Botany, the 
 anther of a plant is termed confluent, when, 
 as in Plectranthus, the two lobes, of which 
 it is composed, apparently form but one ; 
 the cotyledons, when sessile and united at 
 their base, as in Helianthus annuus ; and 
 the nervures of a leaf, when simple, and 
 coalescing at the summit of the organ. 
 CONJFLUENT DES SINUS : hi Anatomv, 
 151 
 
 CON 
 
 an irregularly-shaped membranous cavity 
 in which four several sinuses of the dura 
 mater terminate. This cavity, le pres- 
 soir d'Herophile, F.,' torcular Herophili, 
 F., die presse des Herophilus, G., cor- 
 responds, in situation, with the internal 
 occipital tuberosity. Its interior exhibits 
 six orifices: one superior, pertaining to 
 the superior longitudinal sinus ; two infe- 
 rior, answering to the occipital sinuses ; 
 one anterior, forming the termination of 
 the sinus situated in the lower edge of the 
 falx cerebri ; and two large lateral open- 
 ings, destined to transmit to the lateral 
 sinuses, the blood poured into the torcu- 
 lar by the four preceding orifices. 
 
 CONFORMATION, s. f., conformatio, f. 
 L., bildung, gestalt, f. G. : the natural 
 arrangement and structure of different 
 parts of the animal body. Vice de confor- 
 mation : congenital defect or deformity of 
 the organs ; syn. with MALFORMATION. 
 
 CONFRICATION, s. , confricatio, f. 
 
 (confricare, to rub down), L., aneinan- 
 derreiben, n. G. : in Pharmacy, reduction 
 of a friable substance into powder, by rub- 
 bing with the hands. 
 
 CONGELATION, s. f., eongelatio, f. L,, 
 unjf/s, ausfrieren, n., gefnerung, f. G. : 
 the act of freezing: in Physics and Che- 
 mistry, the reduction of a liquid into a so- 
 lid state, by abstraction of part of its la- 
 tent caloric. CONGELE, adj., congela- 
 tus, conglaciatus, gefroren, G., frozen: 
 an epithet applied, in Pathology, to a limb, 
 or other organ, of the animal body, strick- 
 en by frost. 
 
 CONGENEHE, adj., congener, I,., 
 
 trwyyivtis, congeneric : an epithet applied, 
 in Natural History, to animals ana plants 
 which belong to constitute species of 
 the same genus. Thus the Horse and Ass, 
 among the former, and the egg-plant and 
 potatoe, among the latter, are strictly con- 
 generic ; or, in the substantive construc- 
 tion of the term, congeners. In Anatomy, 
 those muscles are, also, frequently, in op- 
 position to the term Antagonist, named 
 congeneric, which co-operate in producing 
 the same result. Thus, the Brachialis 
 internus, as a flexor of the fore-arm, is a 
 congener of the Biceps flexor . : while 
 both are direct antagonists of the Triceps 
 extensor cubiti. 
 
 CONGENIAL, CONGENITAL, adj., con- 
 genitus, L., ffwyytvofAivos : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to every defect of 
 configuration, infirmity, or disease, which 
 exists in an individual at the period of 
 birth; or, in ordinary language, is born with 
 him. Among the more common forms of 
 congenital affection or disease, hernia, 
 hernie congenitale, F is, perhaps, most 
 frequently observed ; and, next to this, 
 hare-lip, spina bifida, and cataract.
 
 CON 
 
 CONGESTION, 5. f., congestio, (con- 
 yereie, to accumulate), 1..., congestion, 
 haufung, f. G. : in Pathology, a slow and 
 progressive accumulation of fluid, most 
 commonly blood or serum, in any organ 
 or viscus of the body. This is the ordi- 
 nary acceptation of the term. Congestion 
 of blood may, nevertheless, rapidly occur, 
 in an important organ ; as the brain, lungs, 
 and liver : and hence has arisen, among 
 pathologists, the distinction of congestions 
 into active and passive. 
 
 CGNGLOSE, adj., conglobatus, L., zu- 
 sammengfcballt, G., conglobate: an epi- 
 thet, in Anatomy, whereby the lymphatic 
 glands, glundes conglodces, F., glandulae 
 conglobates, L., are frequently designated, 
 see GANGLION. In Botany, certain or- 
 gans, as the flowers and leaves of plants, 
 when clustered together, are termed fleurs 
 , feuilles conglobees : and in Zoology, 
 some species of Insects, distinguished by 
 the rotundity of their figure ; as Coccinella 
 conglobata. 
 
 CONGLOMER^, adj., conglomeratus 
 
 { conglomerare, to heap together), L., zu- 
 sammengewickelt, G., conglomerate : an 
 epithet nearly synonym, with compound ; 
 
 and applied to any secretory organ, 
 
 glande conglorneree, F., zusammenyesetste 
 druse, G., the lobules of which, as those 
 of the liver, kidney, testis, and salivary 
 glands, are enclosed in one common invest- 
 ing membrane. 
 
 CONGLUTINATION, s. f., conglutinatio, 
 f. L., <rvy*o;u!<r/f, zusammenheilung, 
 zusammenleimung, f. G. : the action of 
 remedies, remedes conglutinants, F., con- 
 glulinanlia, L., zusammenleimende mittel, 
 G.,- intended for the agglutination of the 
 lips of a wound. 
 
 CONGRE, s.m.: anffuille de mer : a spe- 
 cies, in Ichthyology, belonging to the ge- 
 nus, Murcena, see MURENE. The con- 
 ger-eel, xa-y-y^as, meeraal, G., is an a- 
 podal fish inhabiting the ocean. Its flesh 
 is edible: although much less delicate 4;han 
 that of its fresh- water congener, the com- 
 mon eel. 
 
 CONGRKS, s. m., congressus, m. L. : 
 commonly synori. with COI'T. The bar- 
 barian and disgraceful practice of the 
 French courts, upon applications for di- 
 vorce on the ground of sexual impotence, 
 which this term, in its medico-juridical sig- 
 nification, serves to recal, was formally 
 denounced and abolished by the senate, in 
 February, 1667- 
 
 CONIDE, s. m., conidium (xa//sv, a lit- 
 tle cone), L. : a minute rounded v body 
 growing upon certain lichens. The conide 
 may be solitary, or agglomerate. In the 
 latter case, it constitutes the soredion, F., 
 soridium, n. L., keimpulrerhaufchen, ? 
 n. G., of Richard. 
 152 
 
 CON 
 
 CONIFERE, adj., coniferus fconus, a 
 cone, ferre, to bear), L., zapfentragend, 
 G., coniferous. CONIFKRES, s. m., and 
 adj. pi., Conifcra, L. : in Botany, a natu- 
 ral family which comprehends all the 
 cone-bearing plants. 
 
 CONJOINT, adj., conjunctus, coalitus, 
 connatus, JL., vereinigt, verbunden, G. : 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to the parts 
 or organs of plants, which are intimately 
 united: as the antJiers of the SynanlherecB; 
 the filaments of the Malvacece ; the leaves 
 of Saponaria ; the petals of Vitis, solder- 
 ed together at their summit, of Vacci- 
 nium oxycoccos, at their base; and the 
 stipules of Humulus lupulus. 
 
 In Pathology, two species of maladies 
 
 conjointes, morbi conjuncti, L.., have 
 
 been distinguished by authors : one, in 
 which both morbid affections exist simul- 
 taneously, morbi connexi, L. : the other, 
 in which they are consecutive, morbi con- 
 sequentes. Applied to the signs of dis- 
 eases, signes conjoints, F., the epithet is 
 nearly synonymous with Pathognomique. 
 
 CONJUNCTIVE, s. f. : in Anatomy, a de- 
 licate, transparent, mucous membrane, 
 la membr. conjonctive, F., tunica conjunc- 
 tiva, adnata oculi, L., das angewachsene 
 hautchen , die 6tnfehaut des auges, G., 
 so called from its constituting the medi- 
 um of junction between the eye-ball and 
 lids. The Conjunctiva lines with delicate 
 processes, the lachrymal canal, and the 
 excretory ducts of the lachrymal gland ; 
 and invests the follicles of the palpebrae. 
 Its arteries are furnished, almost exclu- 
 sively, by the ophthalmic; its nerves, 
 principally, by the fifth pair. 
 
 CONJUGAISON, s. f., conjugatio, f. L., 
 conjugation, paarung, f. G., conjuga- 
 tion, pairing or yoking together. Trous 
 de conjugaison, F., foramina conjugationis, 
 Ij.: a term, in Anatomy, applied to the 
 orifices which exist on each side of the ver- 
 tebral column; and result from the conju- 
 gation of notches echancrures des vertc- 
 bres, F., incisurae intervertebrales, L., 
 zwischenwirbelausschnitte, G., existing 
 in each vertebra, above and below. These 
 openings afford passage to the spinal 
 nerves, and to vessels entering into, or 
 issuing from, the vertebral canal. 
 
 CONJUGUE, adj., conjugatus, L., ge- 
 paart, G., conjugate : an epithet applied, 
 in Botany, to a leaf,feuille conjuguee, F., 
 folium conjugatum, L., which consists of 
 leaflets, disposed by pairs, on each side of a 
 common petiole. Such leaf is further de- 
 signated uni-, bi-, quadri-, quinque-, multi- 
 jugvde, according as it exhibits one, two, 
 three, four, ve, or many pairs of leaflets. 
 
 CONNK, adj., connatus, L. verwachsen, 
 zusammengewachsen, G., connate : an 
 epithet, synonymous, in Botany, with
 
 CON 
 
 CONJOINT : in Pathology, with CONGENI- 
 TAL. Thus, the term, feuilles connees, F., 
 zusammenwaclisene bliitter, G., is ap- 
 plied to leaves, as those of Valcriana conna- 
 ta, soldered together at their base ; and Ma- 
 ladie conn''e, F., morbus connatus, L., 
 angeborne krankheit, G., to a disease ex- 
 isting/row birth. 
 
 CoNNivENT,adj., connivens(eonm'wre, 
 to close), L.., zusammenneigend, zusam- 
 menstossend, gegeneinandergebogen, G. : 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to the calyx 
 and corolla of plants, the sepals or petals of 
 which exhibit a disposition to bend inwards 
 or converge ; as those of Trollius Europce- 
 us, and Cissus connivcns. The leaves of o- 
 thers, as A triplex hortensis, are connivent 
 only during the sleep of the plant. 
 
 In Anatomy, the term, valvules, val- 
 vte, L., conniventes, is applied, in French 
 and Latin, to the transverse, and common- 
 ly falciform, processes of mucous mem- 
 brane, which project into the cavity of the 
 small intestine ; and are destined at once 
 to retard the progress of the chyme, and 
 give additional extent to the mucous sur- 
 faces on which the important processes of 
 intestinal absorption and exhalation are 
 effected. 
 
 CONO'IDE, adj., xaisiiSr,;, conoides, co- 
 noideus, I,., konisch, kegelformig, G., 
 conoid, exhibiting the figure of a cone : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the Pi- 
 neal gland, corps cono'ide, F., see PINE- 
 ALE : 2. by Chaussier, to the canine teeth, 
 dents cono'ides, of the Mammifera, see 
 CANIN : 3. to a ligament of the shoulder, 
 ligam. cono'ide ; which, presenting the 
 shape of an inverted cone, is attached, by 
 its base, to a tuberosity on the inferior 
 surface of the scapular extremity of the 
 clavicle, by its summit, to the broader 
 part of the coracoid process of the scapula, 
 and constitutes part of the coraco-clavicu- 
 lar ligament, of some Anatomists. In 
 Zoology, the specific designation of cer- 
 tain Mollusca ; as Helix conoidea. 
 
 CONOPHTHALME, s.f., conophthalmus, 
 m. (*uvt>s, a cone, o^a^os, the eye), L., 
 kegelauge, f. G.: a term applied to staphy- 
 l&ma of the eye, on account of its conical 
 figure. 
 
 COXQUASSATION, s. f., zerquetschung, 
 f. (j. : in Pharmacy, the operation of re- 
 ducing into minute fragments, by aid of a 
 pestle, different parts of a vegetable sub- 
 stance. 
 
 CONO.UE, s. f., xiyz*, concha, f. L,., 
 ohrenhohle, f. G. : in Anatomy, that por- 
 tion of the external ear which represents a 
 large oval cavity, bounded, above and be- 
 hind, by the anthelix ; below, by the 
 tragus and anti-tragus. The external o- 
 rifice of the meatus auditorius is visible 
 at the fundus of the conch, 
 
 153 
 
 CON 
 
 CONSECUTIF, adj., consecutivus, prox- 
 imo sequens, subsequens, L,., consecu- 
 tive : an epithet applied, in Pathology, to 
 certain derangements of function, pheno- 
 meties consecutifs des maladies, F., signa 
 morborum consequentia, L., which sur- 
 vive the termination, or are developed on 
 the decline, of different diseases. 
 
 CONSENTEMENT des parties, consensus 
 partium, L., iibereinstimmung der theile, 
 G., consent of parts : the relation which 
 exists between all parts of the animal bo- 
 dy : more commonly known by the name 
 of Sympathy. 
 
 CONSERVATION, s. f., conservatio, f. 
 fconservare, to preserve), L. : in Pharma- 
 cy, the preservation, by particular process- 
 es, of medicinal substances, from those 
 changes, to which, without such precau- 
 tion, they would be, by their perishable 
 nature, subjected. 
 
 CONSERVE, s., F., G., and E., conser- 
 va, confectio, f. L. : in Pharmacy, a pre- 
 paration, of soft and pulpy consistence, in 
 which the medicinal substance, constitut- 
 ing its base, is preserved by the admix- 
 ture of a large proportion of sugar ; as 
 Conserve of Itose, Conserva confectio 
 Rosse, L., lioscnconserve, G. CONSERVES, 
 s. f., pi. : in Physics, a sort of spectacles, 
 sorte des lunettes, F., conspicilla, L.., al- 
 most plane, and possessing the two-fold 
 property of slightly magnifying objects, 
 and preserving the sight. 
 
 CONSOLIDATION, s. , consolidatio, f. 
 L., zuheilung, f. G. : in Therapeutics, 
 the operation of remedies, remedes conso- 
 lidans, F., consolidantia, L. , zuheilende 
 mittel, G., destined to accomplish the 
 union of the lips of a wound, or the frag- 
 ments of a broken bone. 
 
 CONSOMME, s. f., consummatum, n. L,., 
 kraftbriihe, f. G. : an analeptic broth, 
 containing so much gelatine, as to assume, 
 on cooling, the form of a jelly. 
 
 CONSOMPTIF, adj. : an epithet formerly 
 applied, by the French, to certain caustic 
 substances, consumptiva medicamenta, L., 
 such as calcined alum, and nitrate of 
 silver ; from their employment in the de- 
 struction of exuberant granulations : by 
 British writers, to forms of disease, of 
 which emaciation constitutes the characte- 
 ristic sign ; as in Young's Treatise on Con- 
 sumptive Diseases. 
 
 CONSOMPTION, s. f., consumptio, f. 
 
 (consumere, to waste away), L., schwind- 
 sucht, f. G., consumption : a progressive 
 wasting of the volume of the body. This 
 phenomenon precedes death in the greater 
 number of chronic diseases, especially in 
 pulmonary phthisis ; which has hence ac- 
 quired, in popular language, the almost 
 exclusive title ot consumption. By some 
 French writers, the term, jftevrc de consomp-
 
 CON 
 
 tion, has been applied to hectic fever ; be- 
 cause emaciation of the body constitutes its 
 leading phenomenon. 
 
 CONSOUDE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Symphytum ( Pentandria, monogyn. ; Boragi- 
 nece), JL., der Beinwell, G., Comfrey. 
 The root of the officinal species, S. offici- 
 nale, Consolida major, of the Ancients, la 
 grande consoude, F., a common European 
 plant, abounds in mucilage; is conse- 
 quently emollient, and may be substituted 
 for that of the Althcea. It also contains a 
 portion of tannin. The name of the genus 
 is derived from the Greek, <rvf*.q>v<ris, union. 
 The species, composing it, originally pos- 
 sessed high reputation as vulneraries : and 
 the French and German synonyms have 
 obvious reference to the character, which 
 these plants, however, no longer maintain. 
 
 CONSTIPATION, s. f., constipatio, f. 
 (constipare, to cram close), L., verstopf- 
 ung, f. G. : a term, in Pathology, signify- 
 ing an obstructed or costive condition of the 
 bowels. 
 
 CONSTITUTION, s. , constitutio, f. L.: 
 the assemblage of several parts which con- 
 tribute to the formation of a whole. In 
 Physiology, the term, constitution, lei- 
 bensbeschaffenheit, f. G., is synon. with 
 COMPLEXION; and designates the mode of 
 organization peculiar to individuals. Thus, 
 the constitution of man is said to differ from 
 that of woman; and an individual is repre- 
 sented as possessing a robust or delicate 
 constitution. atmospherique : a term em- 
 ployed to designate the different conditions 
 of the atmosphere, as regards its hygrome- 
 trical properties, temperature, the eleva- 
 tion of the barometer, and direction of the 
 winds. medicale : the relation which 
 has existed during a certain period of time, 
 between the condition of the atmosphere, 
 and the prevalent diseases. CONSTITUTI- 
 ONEL, adj., dependent on, or affecting, 
 the constitution of an individual : an epi- 
 thet opposed, in signification, to the ad- 
 jective, local. Thus, Scrofula and Syphi- 
 lis are constitutional, maladies constitution- 
 elles, F., and Scabies and Gonorrhrea, lo- 
 caldiseases. 
 
 CONSTRICTEUR, s. m., and adj., con- 
 strictor, m. ( conslringere, to straiten or 
 contract), I>. : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, to the following muscles, schliess- 
 muskeln, G. : they contract, by acting in 
 a circular direction upon, the various ca- 
 nals and orifices to which they are respec- 
 tively attached : 
 
 1. Constricteur de Fanus, constrictor a- 
 ni, L. See SPHINCTER. 
 
 2. du larynx. Lieutaud has describ- 
 ed, under the title of grand constricleur du 
 larynx, the crico-arytsenoideus lateralis, 
 and thyro-arytaenoideus muscles united. 
 See CRico-andTHYRO-ARYTENOiDiEN. 
 
 154 
 
 CON 
 
 3. de Vcssophage: a circular fascicuiu 
 of muscular fibres, surrounding the supe- 
 rior extremity of the oesophagus ; describ- 
 ed, by some Anatomists, as a distinct mus- 
 cle, m. cesophaffien, F., constrictor oeso- 
 phagi, L. 
 
 4. du vagin, ou de la vulve, (pe'rine'o- 
 clitorien, Ch.), constrictor cunni, sphinc- 
 ter vaginae, L., schliessmusk el der scheide: 
 a muscle, by some described as a pair of 
 muscles, descending from the crura cli- 
 toridis, on each side of the vagina ; and u- 
 niting, in the perineum, with the fibres of 
 the transversus perinei, and external por- 
 tion of the sphincter ani. 
 
 5. de la vessie. See SPHINCTER. 
 
 6. Constricteurs du pharynx, constric- 
 tores pharyngis, L., schliessmuskeln des 
 schlundes, G. Of these muscles, three 
 are commonly enumerated and described : 
 A, the superior, constr. superieur, F., 
 constrictor pharyngis superior, L., ober- 
 er schlundschniirer, G. ; attached to the 
 cuneiform process of the occipital, the pte- 
 rygoid process of the sphenoid, the poste- 
 rior portions of the superior and inferior 
 maxillary bones, of the buccinator mus- 
 cle, the sides of the base of the tongue, and 
 the palate : B, the middle, moyen, medi- 
 us r der mittlere; to the greater and les- 
 ser cornua of the hyoid bone, the stylo-hy- 
 oid ligament, and cuneiform process of the 
 os occipitis : and c. the inferior, inferieur, 
 inferior, der untere ; to the ala of the 
 thyroid, and side of the cricoid cartilage. 
 All these muscles exist in pairs ; unite, 
 on the mesial line of the pharynx, with 
 the muscle of the opposite side ; and con- 
 stitute the muscular parietes of the canal. 
 They were described, by the ancient Ana- 
 tomists, as eight in number. Chaussier, 
 on the contrary, regards them as forming, 
 with the stylo-pharyngeus, only one mus- 
 cle ; the whole of which he designates by 
 that term, see STYLO-PHARYNGIEN: and 
 his view of the subject is now generally a- 
 dopted by French Anatomists. 
 
 CONSTRICTION, s. f., resserrement, con- 
 strictio, f. L., schliessung, zusammen- 
 ziehung, f. G. : the straitening of an orifice 
 or canal ; the action of constrictor muscles. 
 
 CONSULTANT, s. m., consultor, m. L,., 
 consulent, m. G. A physician, or sur- 
 geon, who principally restricts his practice 
 to attendance upon the sick, in consultation 
 with other professional men, is termed 
 medecin ou chirurgien consultant, F., a 
 consulting physician or surgeon. 
 
 CONTABESCENCE, s. f., contabescentia, 
 f. (contabescere, to waste away), L. Syn. 
 with ATROPHIE, CONSOMPTION, MA- 
 
 RASME. 
 
 CONTACT, s. m., contactus, m. L., 
 beriihrung, f. G. : the condition of bodies 
 touching each other. In the etiology of
 
 CON 
 
 diseases, two species of contact are admitt- 
 ed. See 
 
 CONTAGION, s. f., contages, contagio, 
 f., contagium, n. (contingere, to touch), L..: 
 the transmission of a morbid affection, 
 from one individual to another, by contact. 
 This is the precise and correct significa- 
 tion of the term : although by popular 
 and even scientific writers, French and 
 British, it is employed, like the German 
 ansteckung, s. f., as syn. with INFECTION. 
 Contagion is termed immediate, when re- 
 sulting, as in Syphilis, and Hydrophobia, 
 from trie actual contact of one living animal 
 body with another; mediate, when the con- 
 tagious principle or virus, also termed 
 contagion, is communicated by the medi- 
 um of articles, such as wearing-apparel and 
 bed-linen, which have been in contact with 
 the body of a diseased person. Contagion 
 is supposed to be more readily transmitted 
 by furs, wool, silk, cotton, and hemp, than 
 by other animal or vegetable substances. 
 CONTAGIEUX, adj., contagiosus, conta- 
 gious : an epithet applied to diseases, ma- 
 ladies contagieuses, F., morbi contagiosi, 
 L., ansteckende krankheiten, G., which 
 are susceptible of communication, from 
 one individual to another, by immediate 
 contact, or transmissible by intermediate 
 bodies. The term is, or ought to be, no 
 longer employed as designative of morbid 
 affections; which,like Plague, Typhus, and 
 probably Asiatic Cholera, are communica- 
 ble through the medium of the atmos- 
 phere. See INFECTION. 
 
 CONTENTIF, adj., continens (continere, 
 to retain), L. : an epithet applied, in Sur- 
 gery, to bandages, band, contentifs, F., 
 which serve to retain in their situation, 
 dressings or apparatus requisite for the 
 treatment of wound, fracture, or other le- 
 sion of the animal organs. CONTENTION, 
 s. f., contentio, f. Li. : the action of re- 
 taining ,' the apparatus employed for the 
 purposes of retention. 
 
 CONTEXTURE, s. f., contextura, f. L. 
 Syn. with TEXTURE. 
 
 CONTIGUITE, s. f., contiguitas, f. (con- 
 tingere, to touch), L., angrenzen, n. G., 
 contiguity : the condition of two objects 
 or bodies, which are in contact, but do not 
 adhere together, and may be separated 
 without solution of continuity. Contigui- 
 ty, in its anatomical application, is thus 
 opposed to the term continuity : the head 
 of the humerus, and the glenoid cavity of 
 the scapula are in a state of contiguity : 
 while continuity, by the interposition of 
 fibro-cartilages, exists between the bodies 
 of the vertebrae. Diarthroses de contiguile: 
 moveable articulations in which the bones 
 touch each other by surfaces covered with 
 a cartilaginous incrustation, and constant- 
 ly lubricated by the synovial secretion.. 
 
 155 
 
 CON 
 
 CONTIGU, adj., contiguue, angranzend, 
 anstehend, contiguous : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Botany, to sepals, sipales contigus, 
 F., which, like those of Raphanus, are in 
 contact at the edges, without adhering to 
 each other ; and to cotyledons, placed, as in 
 the Rosaceee, in exact apposition by their 
 internal surfaces. 
 
 CONTINENCE, s. , continentia, f. I.., 
 enthaltsamkeit, f. G., continency : ab- 
 stinence from physical indulgences ; and, 
 more especially, from that of the sexual 
 passion, privation des plaisirs de I'amour 
 physique, F. 
 
 CONTINENT, adj., continens, L. : an 
 epithet applied, in Pathology, to any dis- 
 ease, as continued fever, -Jievre continents, 
 F., febris continens, L., <rvva%as vugtTOf, 
 anhaltendes fieber, G., which, in its 
 whole course, exhibits no marked exacer- 
 bation, or remission, of the symptoms. Em- 
 ployed, also, to designate a cause (or caus- 
 es), cause conlinente, causa continens, 
 trw.%ris uiritt, which, having produced, 
 continues throughout the whole duration 
 of, a disease. 
 
 CONTINUITE, s. f., continuitas, f. L., 
 continuity : the intimate connection, or 
 cohesion, of two bodies, which cannot be 
 separated without fracture or laceration. 
 See CONTIGUITE. Diarthroses de continu- 
 ite : articulations of which the constituent 
 bones are not in immediate contact, but 
 connected, like the vertebrae, by the inter- 
 vention of a ligamentous substance, allow- 
 ing, by its flexibility, a certain degree of 
 motion. Solution de continuity : in Surge- 
 ry, the separation, by violence, of parts 
 previously continuous ; as wounds and 
 fractures. 
 
 CONTINU, adj., continuus, L., unun- 
 terbrochen, bestandig, fortlaufend, G., 
 continuous, continued : an epithet, in A- 
 natomy, opposed, in signification, to CON- 
 TIGU : in Pathology, nearly synon. with 
 CONTINENT. In Botany, applied to parts, 
 or organs, of plants, organes continus, 
 which constitute, or exhibit, an uninter- 
 rupted series or outline ; or are united to 
 others, without articulation. 
 
 CONTONDANT, adj., contundens, L. 
 See CONTUSION. 
 
 CONTORSION, s. f., contorsio, f. (con- 
 torquere, to twist), L., verdrehung, ver- 
 renkung, f. G. : in Pathology, violent 
 movement, accompanied with twisting, of 
 the affected part or member. Contorsion 
 of the limbs or trunk, attended with se- 
 vere pain, occurs in certain convulsive dis- 
 eases. 
 
 CONTRACTIF, adj. : an epithet applied, 
 in Materia Medica, to substances, medi- 
 camina contrahentia, L., which exert a 
 constringent operation. See ASTRICTION, 
 STYFTIQUE.
 
 CON 
 
 CONTRACTILITY, s. , contractilitas, f. 
 L., zusammenziehbarkeit,? f. G., con- 
 tractility: in Physiology, the vital pro- 
 perty, with which certain parts of organ- 
 ized bodies are endowed, of contracting. 
 The sensible or apparent contractility of 
 Bichat constitutes the MYOTILITE ; his 
 insensible contractility corresponds with 
 the TONICITE, of other physiologists. 
 
 CONTRACTILE, adj., contractilis, zu- 
 
 sammenziehbar ? susceptible, like the 
 
 muscular fibre, of contracting. 
 
 CONTRACTION, s. , contractio, f. L., 
 zusammenziehung, f. G. : the act of con- 
 tracting. In Physiology, the term is near- 
 ly synonymous with muscular action. CON- 
 
 TRACTE, adj., contractus, zusammen- 
 
 gezogen, contracted. 
 
 CONTRACTURE, s. f., contractura, f. L., 
 xyxuXri, contraktur, f. G., contrac- 
 tion ; in Pathology, the state of rigidity 
 which the flexor muscles of a limb slowly 
 and progressively assume, in consequence 
 of having suffered from gouty, rheumatic, 
 neuralgic, convulsive, or paralytic affec- 
 tions. Such muscles, are found, on dis- 
 section, converted into tendinous chords : 
 every vestige of muscular fibre having 
 well-nigh disappeared. 
 
 CONTRAYERVA, s. m. : a species, in Bo- 
 tany, belonging to the genus, Dorstenia, 
 see DORSTENE. The root, racine de con- 
 trayerva, F., radix contrajervae, L., 
 giftwurzel, G., bitter and aromatic, is 
 classed among the stimulant diaphoretics. 
 The name, originally Spanish, is derived 
 from the supposed efficacy of the plant, 
 as an antidote to the poison of white helle- 
 bore : Hispanis contra yerva vocatur, quasi 
 diceres contra Helleborum album: hunc en- 
 im yerva vocant Hispani. This is Blan- 
 chard's (Lexicon Medicum) explanation of 
 the term. In the Spanish language, how- 
 ever, yerba, not yerva, is employed rather 
 as a designation of poisonous plants in ge- 
 neral, than of any particular species. 
 
 CoNTRE-Coup, s. m., contra-fissura, 
 contra-fractura, f. L. : in Surgical Patho- 
 logy, a. fracture or contusion, occurring in a 
 situation, or organ, remote from that upon 
 which the violence was directly inflicted. 
 See APECHEME. 
 
 CoNTRE-ExTENSiON, s. f., contra-ex- 
 tensio, f. L. : in Operative Surgery, the 
 action whereby the least moveable part of 
 a dislocated joint, or the superior portion 
 of a fractured bone, is directly or indirect- 
 ly fixed, while extension is practised to o- 
 perate its reduction. 
 
 CONTRE-FENTE, CONTRE-FRACTURE. 
 See CONTRE-COUP. 
 
 CoNTRE-lNDicATiON, s. f., contra-in- 
 dicatio, f. G., gegenanzeige, f. G. : in 
 Pathology, some peculiar circumstance op- 
 posing contra-indicating the adoption of 
 
 156 
 
 a therapeutic plan, or the employment of 
 a remedy, originally deemed requisite for 
 the cure of a disease. 
 
 CoNTRE-OuvERTURE, s. f., contra-in- 
 cisio, f. L., gegeneinschnitt, ? m., gegen- 
 b'ffhung, f. G., counter-incision, counter- 
 opening : in Operative Surgery, an incisi- 
 on practised in the most depending part 
 of a wound or abscess ; the original orifice 
 of which is inconveniently situated for the 
 free evacuation of the pus, or the extrac- 
 tion of foreign bodies. 
 
 CoNTRE-PoisoN, s. m. See ANTIDOTE. 
 
 CONTRE-STIMULUS, s. m., F. and Li. : 
 a term, in Pathology, employed, by Ilaso- 
 ri, to designate the operation of substan- 
 ces, s. contre-stimulans, F., which direct- 
 ly lower the vital action. CONTRE-STI- 
 MULISTE, s. m., and adj. : a partisan of 
 the contra-stimulant doctrine, CONTRE- 
 STIMULISME, s. m., das contrastimulist- 
 iche heilsystem, G., of the Italian theo- 
 rist. A luminous account of his doctrines 
 and practice is given by Valentin, Voyage 
 en Italie, p. 282; Otto, Reise durch die 
 Schweiz, Italien, Frankreich, &c., ch. xiv : 
 or may be gathered from his own work, 
 Memorie sulC Azione Terapeutice dei Medi- 
 camenti, el suir Azione dei Rimedi Contro- 
 stimolanti, Bologna, 1826. 
 
 CONTUSION, s. f., contusio, f. (contun- 
 dere, to bruise), L., quetschung, zerstoss- 
 ung, f. G. : in Surgical Pathology, a le- 
 sion resulting from the shock, or violent 
 contact, of a blunt body, without loss of 
 substance, and commonly without appa- 
 rent solution of continuity. If, however, 
 the skin be divided, the lesion assumes 
 the title of a contused wound, plaie con- 
 tuse, F., vulnus contusum, L. 
 
 CONVALESCENCE, s. f., convalescentia, 
 f. ( ' convalescere, to recover health), L., 
 genesung, f. G. : the state, or period, 
 which intervenes between the cessation of 
 the characteristic symptoms of a disease, 
 and restoration to perfect health. CON- 
 VALESCENT, s. m. and adj., convalescens, 
 genesend : der genesende, a convalescent. 
 
 CONVERGENCE, s. f., convergentia, f. 
 L., zusammenlaufen, n. G. : in Physics, 
 the disposition of lines or radii which, at 
 first separate, converge towards, and at- 
 tain, the same point. CONVERGENT, adj., 
 
 convergens, zusammenlaufend : Ex. 
 
 Rayons convergens, F., converging rays. 
 
 CONVERSION, s. , conversio, L., 
 veranderung, verwandlung, G. Con- 
 version des maladies, F., morborum conver- 
 sio, L. : a term, implying, in Pathology, 
 the transformation, changement, F., of 
 one disease into another. 
 
 CONVEXE, adj., convexus, xv^ro?, xu- 
 <p/> s , rund erhaben, gewolbt, G. : an epi- 
 thet applied to a curved surface, the cen- 
 tre of which is more elevated than the
 
 COP 
 
 borders : as, among plants, the receptacle 
 of Rulus ; the leaves of Ocymum basilicum ; 
 and the pileus of certain fungi. CONVEXO- 
 CONCAVE, adj., convexo-concavus, L., 
 CoNVEXo-CoNVEXE, convexo-convexus: 
 epithets, in Physics, applied, respectively, 
 to bodies convex on one side, and concave, 
 on the other , and to bodies convex on both 
 sides. See CONCAVO-CONCAVE. 
 
 CONVOLVULACEES, s. in., and adj., pi., 
 Convolvulacece, L. : the name of a Family 
 of plants; of which the genus, Convolvulus, 
 see LISERON, constitutes the type. 
 
 CONVOLUTE, adj., convolutus, zu- 
 
 SBmmengerolit, G., convolute ; an epi- 
 thet applied, in Zoology and Botany, to 
 the parts or organs of insects and of plants, 
 which are rolled up together, roules en 
 cornet, F. ; as among the former, the wings, 
 ailes convolutees, F., of Crambus : a- 
 mong the latter, the cotyledons, cotyledons 
 convolutes, of Punica granatum ; the leaves 
 ofCanna ; and petiole of the Graminece. 
 
 CONVULSIBILITE, s. : disposition to 
 convulsive affections. CONVULSIBLE, adj.: 
 
 Ex. Individu ; an individual exhibiting 
 
 such disposition. 
 
 , CONVULSION, s. f., convulsio, f. L., . 
 convulsion, zuckung, verzuckung, f. G. : 
 in Pathology, violent and involuntary con- 
 traction of the muscles, induced by irrita- 
 tion, primary or secondary, of some por- 
 tion of the nervous system. Convulsions 
 may be distinguished into clonic and to- 
 nic, see CLONIQUE, and TONIQUE : they 
 are merely symptoms of some morbid state 
 or affection ; and never constitute the 
 disease. CONVULSE, adj., convulsus, 
 convulsed, affected with convulsions. CON"- 
 
 VULSIF, adj., convulsivus, convulsi- 
 
 visch, mil zuckungen begleitet, G., at- 
 tended with convulsions : Exs. Toux con- 
 vulsive, F., tussis convulsiva, L., a con- 
 vulsive cough ; remedes convulsifs, remedia 
 
 convulsiva, remedies, which, like the 
 
 strychnine, induce convulsions. 
 
 COPAHU, COPAIBA. See BAUME, CO- 
 PAYER, TEREBINTHINE. 
 
 COPALINE, s. f., copalina, f. L. : a pe- 
 culiar substance, discovered, by John, in 
 gum copal. 
 
 COPAYER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Copaifera (Decandria, monogyn. ; Legumi- 
 nosce), L., der Copaivabaum, G. The 
 only species, at present known, C. offici- 
 nalis, a native of Brazil, and the West- 
 Indian isknds, yields the Copaiba balsam, 
 baume de Copahu. See TEREBINTHINE. 
 
 COPHOSE, s. f., cophosis, f. L. : a term 
 borrowed from the Greek, x&ttfuuffi;, which 
 signifies deaf ening or stupefaction ; and em- 
 ployed, in Pathology, to express deafness, 
 surditi, F., surditas, L., hardness of 
 hearing, almost complete deafness, das 
 sehr schwere gehor, die fast ganzliche 
 
 157 
 
 COP 
 
 taubheit, G. By Cullen, it has been used 
 as synon. with DYSECIE; by Pinel, with 
 PARACOUSIE. Sauvages represents it as 
 differing from both. 
 
 COPROCRASIE, or, more correctly, Co- 
 PRACRASIE, s. f., copracratia, f. (xovgai, 
 excrement, ctxga<riia, want of command, 
 weakness), L.., der unwillkiirliche koth- 
 abgang, G., involuntary discharge offeces. 
 
 COPROCRITIQUE, adj., coprocriticus 
 
 (XOKOO;, x.r/ t ?u, I separate), L. : an epithet 
 applied, in Materia Medica, to remedies, 
 remedes coprocritiques, F., koth ausleer- 
 ende mittel, G., which operate as purga- 
 tives : synon. with the modern Latin ad- 
 jective, Copragogus (xavgos, and Zyu, I ex- 
 pel), and with the.FVncA,EccopROTiQUE. 
 
 COPROEMESE, s. f., coproemesia, co- 
 proemesia, f. (same, and ifufia, vomiting), 
 Li., kothbrechen,n. G., vomiting offeces. 
 
 COPROPIIORIE, s. f., coprophoria, f. 
 
 (same, and <piga, I carry away), L., aus- 
 leerung des koths, G., evacuation of the 
 feces : synon. with PURGATION. 
 
 COPRORRHEE, s. f., coprorrhcea. f. 
 
 (same, and piu, I flow), L,. : synon. with 
 
 DlARRHEE. 
 
 COPROSCLEROSE, s. f., coprosclerosis, f. 
 (same, and <r*xV, hard), L.., kothver- 
 hartung, f. G., induration of the feces. 
 
 COPROSTASIE, s. f., coprostasia, f. (same, 
 and irrafis, fixed state, stoppage), L., re- 
 tention des excremens, F., eine ganzliche 
 verstopfung des darmcanals, G., retention 
 of the feces, complete obstruction of the 
 bowels : constituting the first genus of the 
 Enteroses, in the Nosologie Naturelle, of A- 
 libert. 
 
 COPULATION, s. f., copulatio, f. L., 
 union des deux sexes. See COI'T. 
 
 COQUE, s. f., xoxxof, coccum, n. L., 
 knopkapsel, f. G. Botanists differ widely 
 on the precise meaning and application of 
 this term. By the French, it is described 
 as a sort of " pericarpal cell," loge peri- 
 carpienne, F., "which opens with a spring 
 when the seeds are ripe ; or remains clos- 
 ed, but is formed of a valve united by the 
 borders." Smith, on the contrary, defines 
 Coccum to be '' one portion of an aggre- 
 gate, dry, elastic, bivalve capsule," as in 
 Euphorbia, and the Rutaceae ( Grammar of 
 Botany, p. 23). The fruits of various plants 
 are respectively composed of one, two, or 
 several cocca ; unilocular and monosper- 
 mal in Tropaeolum, unilocular and disper- 
 mal in Dictamnus; or consisting, as in 
 Tribulus terrestris, of two or three cavities 
 which contain two or three seeds. 
 
 COO.UECUI.E, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Cocculus (Dioecia, dodecandr. ; Menisper- 
 meae), L., comprizing numerous spe- 
 cies which formerly belonged to Menis- 
 permum, see MENISPERME. The follow- 
 ing are principally those which interest
 
 COQ 
 
 the practitioner of medicine ; 1. Cocculus 
 cordifolius, leaves contain a juice useful 
 in the treatment of old ulcers ; 2. cri s- 
 pus, bitter, employed, in the Molluccas, 
 against worms and colic; 3. and 4. fla- 
 vescens, and lacunosus, berries used, in 
 India, as a substitute for those of C. sube- 
 rosus ; 5. limacia, berries acidulous, e- 
 dible; 6. palmatus, root, see COLUMBO, 
 referred, by some authors, to 1. pel- 
 tatus; 8. sebaslha, fruit yielding a sort 
 of wine ; 9. suberosus, Menispermum 
 cocculus, Linn., : a Malaberese shrub, 
 supplying the well-known berry, Cogue 
 du Levant, F., cocculus indicus, coccus 
 orientalis, L., kokkelskorn, indianische 
 kokkelsbeere, G. ; whose poisonous opera- 
 tion on animals is referrible to the con- 
 tained picrotoxine. It is employed popu- 
 larly to destroy human pediculi ; and ex- 
 ercises an intoxicating effect upon fishes, 
 without imparting to their flesh any dele- 
 terious quality. The noxious principle 
 resides chiefly in the kernel ; the invest- 
 ing membrane of which is merely emetic. 
 
 COQUE (f(Euf. See COCIUILI.E. du 
 Levant. See COQUECULE, and PICRO- 
 TOXINE. 
 
 COQUE LICOT, s. m. : a species, in Bota- 
 ny, belonging to the genus, Papaver, see 
 PAVOT. The petals of this, the common red 
 poppy or corn-rose, P. Rhaeas, klatsch- 
 rosen, kornrosen, feldmohn, wilder roth- 
 er mohn, G., are accounted diuretic and 
 slightly anodyne : they form the basis of a 
 French and German Officinal Syrup, sirop 
 de pavot rouge, Syrupus de Floribus Pa- 
 paveris Rhoeados, Ph. Gall., Klatschros- 
 ensyrup, G. 
 
 COQUELOURDE, s. f. '. the vulgar desig- 
 nation of ANEMONE pulsatilla. 
 
 COQUELUCHE, s. f., pertussis, tussis 
 
 convulsiva, ferina, L., keichkusten, 
 
 kinderkusten, m. G., chincough, hoop- 
 ing-cough : in Pathology^ a morbid affec- 
 tion, characterized by convulsive cough, 
 which recurs in paroxysms. During these, 
 several rapid expirations are succeeded by 
 one slow, difficult, and sonorous inspiration. 
 The paroxysm, la quinte, F., after se- 
 veral minutes' duration, is ordinarily ter- 
 minated by expectoration or vomiting of 
 mucus ; sometimes, by rejection of the 
 contents of the stomach. Hooping-cough 
 is, almost exclusively, the disease of early 
 age. By Cullen (First Lines of the Prac- 
 tice of Physic), and Pinel ( Nosographie 
 Philosophigue ), it is regarded as simply a 
 spasmodic affection, and ranked among the 
 Neuroses. Others, as Watt ( Treatise on 
 Chincough), and Allcock (Lectures on Sur- 
 gery), describe it as a peculiar form of 
 Bronchitis; and, consequently, assign to 
 it a situation among the Phlegmasiee 
 While a third party, as Desruelles ( Traite 
 
 158 
 
 COR 
 
 de ta Coqueluche unquestionably the best 
 work hitherto published on the subject), 
 and Palmer (Illustrations of Medicine), as- 
 sert that it is bronchial inflammation, es- 
 sentially connected with cerebral conges- 
 tion, which imparts to the disease its con- 
 vulsive character. Certain it is that the 
 majority of children, who die in Hooping- 
 cough, are destroyed by inflammation of 
 the membranes, or effusion of blood or se- 
 rum into the substance or cavities, of the 
 brain. And it is a curious fact that large- 
 headed children, in general, suffer far 
 more severely from Hooping-cough, than 
 those in whom the cerebral organ is less 
 fully or perfectly developed. 
 
 COQUERELLE, OU CoQUERET : & genilS, 
 
 in Botany, Physalis ( Pentandria, mono- 
 gyn. ; Solaneee), Li., die Judenkirsche, 
 G., Winter-Cherry. For an account of 
 the most important species, see ALKE- 
 KENGI. The fruit of another, P. somnife- 
 ra, is accounted diuretic ; the root and 
 leaves powerfully narcotic : while the ber- 
 ries of a third, P. edulis, cog. des Barbades, 
 F., are edible. 
 
 COQUILLAGES, s. m., pi., conchylia 
 
 (xaynuKiev, a mussel-shell), L. : a term em- 
 ployed, by some Naturalists, to designate 
 the Testaceous Mollusc a, vulgarly called 
 shell-animals, schalthiere, n. G. ; includ- 
 ing both the animal and its calcareous en- 
 velope: sometimes as syn. with COQUILLE. 
 
 COQUILLE, s. f. (xayxu'x/av) : a term ap- 
 plied, 1. in Zoology, to the shell, concha, 
 f. L., muschel, muschelschale, f. G., of 
 the Testaceous Mollusca, see COQUIL- 
 LAGE ; and to the external envelope, cog. 
 de I'cenf, ovi putamen, n. L., eyerschale, 
 f. G., consisting principally of carbonate 
 of lime, which the egg of the bird acquires 
 in its passage through the oviduct : 2. in 
 Botany, to the ligneous substance, c. de la 
 noix, nucis putamen, nussschale, which 
 surrounds the kernel of the Drupce, or 
 stone-fruits ; 3. in Anatomy, to the coch- 
 lea, cog. ou limacon de Voreille interne, F., 
 ^ schnecke, f. G., of the internal ear ; 
 and to the spongy bone, cog. du nez, see 
 CORNET, of the nasal cavities. 
 
 COR, s. m., clavus pedis, m., gemurza, 
 f. L., hiihnenauge, f. G., a corn. 
 
 CORACO-BRACHIAL, adj. : an epithet, in 
 Anatomy, employed to designate a muscle, 
 m. coraco-brachial (coraco-humeral, Ch.), 
 
 F., coraco-brachialis, L.,. hack enar m- 
 
 muskel, rabenschnabeloberarmmuskel, G. ; 
 situated on the interior and superior 
 part of the arm, and extending from the 
 coracoid process of the scapula, to the mid- 
 dle of the internal border of the os brachii. 
 
 CORACO-CLAVICULAIHE, adj., coraco- 
 
 clavicularis, L. : an epithet applied to a 
 ligament, ligam. coraco- omo-claviculaire, 
 F., which serves to connect the coracoid
 
 COR 
 
 process of the scapula and the clavicle. 
 It is strong, irregular; and consists of two 
 fasciculi, which have been described, by 
 some Anatomists, as distinct ligaments, 
 under the titles of ligament cono'ide, and 
 trapezo'ide. See these terms. 
 
 CoHACo-HuMEHAL, adj., coraco-hume- 
 ralis, L., belonging to the coracoid pro- 
 cess, and humerus : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the coraco-brachial muscle. 
 
 COHACO-HYOIDIEN, adj., coraco-hyoi- 
 deus, L. ; belonging to the coracoid pro- 
 cess and hyoid bone; as the coraco-hyoid 
 muscle, m. coraco-hyo'idien, F. See O- 
 
 MOPLAT-HYO1DIEN. 
 
 CoRACOlDE, adj., Ko^mxoiiStis (x,'of>a.\, E 
 
 raven, itios, resemblance), coracoides, 
 
 coracoideus, ancyroides, rostriformis, L.., 
 rabenahnlich, rabenartig, rabenschnabel- 
 fb'rmig, G., coracoid, resembling the ra- 
 vens' beak : an epithet first applied, by Ga- 
 len, to a strong and curved process, apo- 
 
 physe coraco'ide, F., processus coracoides, 
 
 L., rabenschnabelformiger fortsatz, G., 
 which terminates, anteriorly, the superior 
 border of the scapula. It is connected, by 
 the coraco-clavicular, and acromial li- 
 gaments, to the clavicle and acromion; and 
 affords a point of attachment to the coraco- 
 brachialis, pectoralis minor, and short head 
 of the Biceps flexor cubili, muscles. In the 
 Ovipara, it is largely developed, and ac- 
 quires the name of clavicule coraco'ide, F. 
 
 CORACOIDIEN, adj. : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to a minute fibrous band, li- 
 gament coraco'idien, F., ligamentum cora- 
 coideum, L., by which the notch of the 
 superior border of the scapula is convert- 
 ed into a foramen, for the transit of the su- 
 pra-scapular branch of the axillary artery. 
 
 CORACO-RADIAL, adj., coraco-radialis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Winslow, to 
 the Biceps flexor cubiti muscle ; as attach- 
 ed to the coracoid process of the scapula, 
 and the radius. 
 
 CoilAIL, S. m., xaodXim, xagaXX/sn, CO- 
 
 rallium, n. L., koralle, f. G., coral: a 
 marine production, ramose, of white or 
 red colour, and regarded, by the ancients, 
 as of vegetable origin; but constituting 
 the habitation of certain polypi. It con- 
 sists, almost exclusively, of carbonate of 
 lime ; and was formerly employed, in me- 
 dicine, as an absorbent. Found principally 
 in the Mediterranean and Red Seas. 
 
 CORALLINE, s. f., corallina, f. L., co- 
 rallenmoos, n. G. : in Zoology, a species 
 of lithoid polype, ramose and articulated, 
 found in the European seas ; and employ- 
 ed as an anthelmintic, under the title of 
 Corallina officinalis. de Corse : in Bo- 
 tany, a marine plant, see HELMINTHO- 
 CORTON, and MOUSSE, which constitutes 
 the basis of a vermifuge Syrup, Sirop de 
 Coralline, of French Pharmacy. 
 
 159 
 
 COR 
 
 CORDF, s. f., (%<>$*, the string of a bow, 
 or musical instrument, made of gut), 
 chorda, f., funiculus, m. I*, strick, m., 
 saite, f. G., chord or cord : a term, in A- 
 natomy, applied, 1., by the Ancients, to 
 tendons, in general ; and, especially, to the 
 great tendon of the leg, corde d' 1 Hippocrate, 
 P., tendo Achillis, L., see TENDON : 2. 
 to a slender nerve of the internal ear, la 
 corde du tympan, ou du tambour (filet tym- 
 panique du nerf facial, Ch.), F., chorda 
 funiculus ty mpani, L., paukensellsaifc, 
 G. ; which, quitting the facial nerve in 
 the Aquaeductus Fallopii, enters the cavi- 
 ty of the tympanum, by an orifice situat- 
 ed above the pyramid ; and, passing be- 
 tween the longer process of the incus and 
 the handle of the malleus, goes out through 
 the fissura Glasseri, to unite, at an acute 
 angle, with the lingual branch of the infe- 
 rior maxillary nerve, and thus establish a 
 communication between the spheno-pala- 
 tine and submaxillary ganglia : and 3. to 
 the ligaments of the rima gloltidis, cordes 
 vocales, F., chorda vocales, L., stimm- 
 Titzenbander, G., which some Anatomists 
 have regarded as tense chords producing 
 the phenomena of voice. 
 
 In certain cases of acute blennorrhagia, 
 or urethritis, the spongy structure of the 
 male urethra formsan indurated and knotty 
 tumour, in French Pathology, termed corde, 
 of oblong figure, beneath the membrum 
 virile; and opposing the elongation of that 
 organ in the state of erethism This mor- 
 bid condition constitutes the affection 
 named Cordi'e, chaudepisse, by the French, 
 the harnstrenge of German writers. 
 
 CORDIAL, adj., eordialis(cor, the heart), 
 L., herzstarkend, G. : an epithet applied, 
 in Materia Medica, to remedies, as stimu- 
 lants and tonics, which are supposed to 
 invigorate the system by acting primarily 
 on the heart. Syn. with CARDIAQUE. 
 
 CORDIFORME, adj., cordiformis, L.., 
 herzformig, G., cordiform : an epithet 
 applied, in Botany, to the parts or organs 
 of plants, which exhibit, in their general 
 outline, the figure of a heart , as the coty- 
 ledons, cotyled. cordiformes, F., of Coffea 
 Arabica ; the hile of Cardiospermum ; the 
 leaves of Tamus communis ; the bractece of 
 Salvia bicolor ; the petals of Parnassia pa- 
 lustris ; and anthers of Ocymum basilicum. 
 
 CORDON, s. m., funiculus, m. L., 
 
 schnur, f. G., a string or small chord : a 
 term employed, in Anatomy and Phyto- 
 graphy, to designate, 1. the trunk of a 
 nerve, or its principal divisions, cordon, 
 nerveux, F., ramus nervosus, L. : 2. the 
 string of vessels, cord, ombilical, funicu- 
 lus umbilicalis, nabelschnur, G., which 
 forms the medium of communication be- 
 tween the parent and embryo, in animals 
 and plants, see OMBILICAL :
 
 COR 
 
 l>lage of vessels, and nerves, c. spermatique 
 ou testiculaire, -funiculus spermaticus, 
 samenstranff, which pass through the ab- 
 dominal ring, to the testis, see SPERMA- 
 TIQUE : and 4, the round ligaments of the 
 uterus, die runden mutterbander, G., 
 named, by Chaussier, cordons sus-pubiens. 
 See LIGAMENT, and Sus-PusiEN. 
 
 CORETE, s. : a genus, in Botany, Cor- 
 chorus ( Polyandrla, monogyn. ; Tiliacece), 
 L.., das musskraut, G., Jew's-Mallow, 
 comprehending several exotic and prin- 
 cipally herbaceous species. The C. olilo- 
 rius is largely cultivated, and consumed, 
 in Egypt and at Aleppo, as a pot-herb: and 
 the Moors of Barbary convert to alimenta- 
 ry uses, the leaves of C. trilocularis. 
 
 CORIANDRE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Coriandrum ( Pentandria, diayn. ; Umbelli- 
 fertB), L.., der koriander f G. Coriander. 
 The cultivated species, C. sativum, c. 
 
 cultivee, F., w^wim, exhales, when 
 
 fresh, a most disgusting odour like that of 
 bugs : hence the derivation of the Greek 
 name of the plant, from *g /?, a bug. Yet 
 the dried seeds, semina coriandri, L., 
 koriandersamen, G., possess a grateful a- 
 rorna ; are employed, in domestic econo- 
 my, as a condiment ; and, in medicine, as a 
 tonic, stimulant, and carminative. In Ger- 
 man Pharmacy, they constitute the basis 
 of a Confection, Ueberzuckerter Korian- 
 der, Conf. Sem. Coriandri, L. 
 
 CORNE, s. f., cornu, n. L., xigas, 
 horn, G. and E. : a term employed, in Zo- 
 ology, te designate, 1. the hard and ordi- 
 narily conical eminences or processes, curv- 
 ed or straight, hollow or solid, deciduous 
 or permanent, with which the cranium, or 
 nasal region, of certain Mammifera, as the 
 ox, deer, and goat, among the Riiminantia, 
 and rhinoceros among the Pachydermata, 
 and the head, corslet, or thorax of some 
 Insects, as Geotrupes nasicornis and Her- 
 cules, among the Coleoptera, is provided ; 
 and which serve the individuals as organs 
 of aggression or defence: 2. vulgarly and 
 incorrectly, the long, spirally-twisted, su- 
 pra-maxillary tooth of the Monodon mo- 
 noceros, or narwal, hence sometimes nam- 
 ed the sea-unicorn ; the minute horn-like 
 production attached to the eye-lid of the 
 Vipera cerastes, le ceraste dC 'Egypte, see 
 VIPERE ; the pointed fleshy protuberance 
 which the caterpillars of certain Lepidopte- 
 ra, as the Sphingidee, exhibit on the ele- 
 venth ring of the body; the mandibles of 
 Lucanus cervus , the antennae of all true In- 
 sects ; and the flexible and projecting pedicles 
 upon which the eyes of the snail and slug 
 are supported: and 3. the solid and insensi- 
 ble substance, sabot, F., which invests 
 the sensitive portion of the foot of many 
 of the larger Mammifeia, and protects it 
 from injury in the act of progression. 
 
 160 
 
 COR 
 
 In Anatomy, divers organs, cavities, and 
 processes of cartilage or bone, which exhi- 
 bit a real or imaginary resemblance to the 
 horns of animals; as 1. the come d'Ammon, 
 F., cornu Ammonis, processus cerebri la- 
 teralis, L,., ammonsAorre, G., see HIP- 
 POCAMPE: 2. the anterior, posterior, and 
 descending or inferior, cavities of the late- 
 ral ventricle of the brain, c. antcrieure,pos- 
 tfrieure, et descendante ou inferieure, du ven- 
 tricvle lateral du cerveau, F., cornu anteri- 
 us, posterius, et descendens vel inferius, 
 ventriculi lateralis cerebri, L., das vor- 
 dere, das untere, und das abwartssteigende 
 horn der seitenventrikel des gehirns, G 
 see VENTIUCULE : 3. the horns or processes 
 of the thyroid cartilage, c. du cartilage thy- 
 ro'ide, cornua, vel processus, cartilaginis 
 thyroideae, die homer, oder die forts'dtze, 
 des schildknorpels ; distinguished into the 
 superior or great, suptrieures ou grandes, 
 superiora, vel superiores, obere, and 
 articulated with the cornua of the hyoid 
 bune; and the inferior or lesser, inferieures 
 ou pelites, inferiora vel inferiores, un- 
 tere, which unite with the cricoid carti- 
 lage, ringknorpel, see THYROIDE: 4. 
 
 certain horn-like processes of the hyoid bone, 
 c. de Vhyo'ide, cornua ossis hyoidei, die 
 hurner des zungenbeins ; distinguished, al- 
 so, into the small and superior, and greater 
 or lateral, petites ou supcrieurs, et grandes 
 ou lalerales, see HYOIDE : 5. the small 
 processes of the coccyx, c. du coccyx, cor- 
 nua coccygis, steissbein/torner, which 
 
 articulate with, 6. those of the sacral bone, 
 c. du sacrum, cornua ossis sacri, kreuz- 
 
 bemhorner, two tubercles projecting 
 
 from its posterior and inferior part, see 
 SACRUM : and 7- the Fallopian tubes, 
 muttertrompeten, G., sometimes termed 
 the horns of the womb, c. de la matrice, F., 
 cornua, uteri, JL. 
 
 In Botany, the curved beak of the cap- 
 sule of certain plants, and the spur of the 
 corolla of others, as Linaria, is named the 
 horn : and the term, corne de cerf, cornu 
 cervi, L., is applied as a specific designa- 
 tion of several fungi belonging to Hydnum 
 and Clavaria; and some phcenoyamous plants 
 whose foliage resembles, in disposition, the 
 figure of the deer's horn. 
 
 In Pathology, the horn-like excrescence, 
 which sometimes appears on the surface of 
 the body, is termed, by French writers, 
 corne de la peau: and, lastly, in Materia 
 Medica, harts-horn, came de cerf, F., 
 cornu cervi, L., hirschAom, G., serves, 
 in the form of shavings, coupce ou rdpte, 
 F., for the preparation of mucilaginous 
 drinks ; and deprived, by calcination, of its 
 gelatine, c. de cerf calcince, cornu cervi- 
 num ustum, constitutes a principal in- 
 gredient in the Decoction blanche de Syden- 
 ham, Decoctum Comu cervini, Iu
 
 con 
 
 CORNE, adj., corneus, L., XI^KTU^;, 
 hornartig,G., corneous, horn-like: an epi- 
 thet applied, in Anatomy, Zoology, and 
 Botany, to parts, organs, or objects, which 
 possess the nature, or exhibit the aspect, 
 consistence, or other properties, of horn ; 
 as 1. the horny structure, tissu corne, F., 
 composing the human nails, and the 
 horn-like membrane of the eye, see COR- 
 NEE : 2. the horn-like envelope of certain 
 Testaceous Mollusca, as Helix cornea, Buc- 
 cinum corneum : and 3. the corneous peris- 
 perm of the Rubiacece ; the pollen of Ascle- 
 pias ; and the stem and branches of many 
 Fuci. For the application of the term to 
 Pathology, see ICHTYOSE. 
 
 CORNEE, s. f. : a term applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the circular and transparent mem- 
 brane, cornce transparente, F., tunica o- 
 culi cornea seu ceratodes, transparens, . 
 pellucida, L., dieAomhaut desauges, G., 
 which, convex on its exterior, and con- 
 cave on its internal surface, constitutes 
 the anterior fifth of the surface of the eye- 
 ball. The transparent cornea is intimately 
 connected with the sclerotica, see SCLE- 
 ROTIQUE, sometimes named, in contra- 
 distinction, the opaque cornea, c. opaque, 
 F., cornea opaca, L. 
 
 CORNET, s. m., cucullus, in. L., horn- 
 chen, n. G. : a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to certain delicate lamellae of bone, of con- 
 voluted figure; and occupying, principally, 
 the nasal fossae. Of these, there are four 
 on each side : 1. Corn, de Berlin, ou sphc- 
 no'idal ; situated at the basis of the crani- 
 um, between the sphenoid and ethmoid 
 bones, with which, in the adult subject, it 
 is confounded ; articulated, also, with the 
 os palati, and vomer ; and first discovered 
 by the Anatomist whose name it bears: 2. 
 de Morgagni ou superieur, concha su- 
 perior, 1..., obere muschel, G. ; forming 
 part of the ethmoid bone ; and closing the 
 superior meatus of the nasal fossae : 3. 
 moyen ou ethmo'idal, os turbinatum medi- 
 um, concha media, mittlere muschel ; 
 forming, also, part of the ethmoid, and the 
 os turbinatum spongiosum superius, of 
 British Anatomists : and 4. infcrieur (os 
 sous-ethmdidal,Ch.), os turbinatum, con- 
 cha nasi inferior, untere muschel, infe- 
 rior spongy bone ; an irregular, elongated, 
 almost elliptical bone, suspended on each 
 side of the nasal cavities (die nasenhohle, 
 G.) ; forming the boundary between their 
 middle and lower meatus ; and articulated 
 with the superior maxillary, palate, lach- 
 rymal, and ethmoid bones. 
 
 In Surgery, cornet acustique, F., 1 ubus 
 acusticus, cornu acusticum, L., ohrrohr, 
 G., an ear-trumpet. 
 
 CORNJCULE, s. f., cornicula, f. L., or, 
 more correctly, corniculum, n., literally, 
 a little horn : in Surgery, a cupping-glass, 
 
 161 
 
 COR 
 
 schroptopf, m. G., of elongated horn- 
 like figure, with an orifice at the summit, 
 for exhaustion of the contained air : in 
 Chemistry, a small retort, ein kleiner 
 destillir- oder sublimir-kolben, G. 
 
 CORNU, adj., cornutus, L., x.iyx.1^ 
 gehornt, G., horned: an epithet applied, 
 in Zoology and Botany, to animals and 
 plants, wnich exhibit appendages resem- 
 bling horns ; as, among the former, Bubo 
 maximus, the great horned Owl ; among 
 the latter, Samfraga hircina, a Saxifrage 
 with horn-like styles : employed, also, to 
 designate, specifically, certain objects in 
 Natural History; as Caprimulgus cornu- 
 tus, a species of Goat-sucker furnished 
 with short straight feathers projecting a- 
 bove each eye ; and Solanum cornutum, a 
 Night-shade, with horn-shaped anthers. 
 
 CORNUE, s. f., cornuta, f. L., retorte, 
 
 f. G., retort : in Chemistry, a vessel, of 
 glass, free-stone, porcelain, or metal, em- 
 ployed in distillation. When perforated 
 with an orifice at the upper part, it is 
 termed, in French, cornue tubulee. 
 
 COROLLACE, adj., corollaceus, L. Syn. 
 with PETALOIDE. 
 
 COROLLAIRE, adj., corollaris, L., co- 
 rollary : an epithet applied, in Botany, to 
 a tendril, vrilte corollaire, F., which is 
 formed by a petal or segment of a corolla. 
 
 COROLLE, s. f., corolla, f. L., blumen- 
 krone, f. G. : in Botany, the interior en- 
 velope of dowers which have a double pe- 
 rianth ; immediately surrounding the sex- 
 ual organs. The corolla is monopetalous, 
 when consisting of one piece or petal, as in 
 Digitalis ; polypetalous, when of many, as in 
 Rosa ; regular, when all the parts of which 
 it is composed, correspond, as in Convolvu- 
 lus ; irregular, when differing in size and 
 figure, as in Viola. It is tenned inferior, 
 when attached below the ovary, as in Vin- 
 ca; superior, when above, as in Caprifoli- 
 um ; deciduous, caduque, F., when fall- 
 ing, on the perfect development of the 
 flower, as in Actaa , marcescent, marces- 
 cente, F., when it withers upon the stem, 
 without falling, as in Campanula. For an 
 explanation of the differences of opinion 
 which exist among Botanists, respecting 
 the precise application of the term, see 
 
 CALICE, PERIANTHE, and PERIGONE 
 
 COROLLULE, s. f., petite corolle, oufleuron, 
 F., corollula, f. L., blumenkronchen, n. 
 G., a little corolla, or floret. COROLLA, 
 
 adj., corollatus, L., mit blumenkrone 
 
 versehen, G., provided with a corolla. 
 
 COHOLLIFERE, adj., corolliferus, L., 
 eine blumenkrone tragend, G., corollife- 
 rus, bearing a corolla ; as the gynophore, 
 
 g. corollifere, F., of Dianthus. 
 COROLLIFORME, adj., corolliformis, L., 
 
 corolliform : an epithet applied to the 
 androphore of a plant, when, as in Gom- 
 M
 
 COR 
 
 phrena globosa, it assumes the aspect, con- 
 sistence, and figure of a corolla. 
 
 CORONAIRE, adj., coronarius, L.., 
 
 kranzfdrmig, kronartig, G., coronary : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to cer- 
 tain blood-vessels distributed around the or- 
 gan which they are destined to supply, 
 somewhat in the manner of a crown or gar- 
 land, corona, f. L., krone, f., kranz, m. 
 G. ; as A. the proper blood-vessels, vais- 
 seaux coronaires, F., vasa coronaria, L., 
 Aranzblutadern, G., of the heart. Of 
 these, the two coronary arteries, arteres 
 coronaires du cceur, arteriae coronaria cor- 
 dis, die Aransschlagadern des herzens, 
 originate from the aorta immediately a- 
 bove the semilunar valves. The anterior 
 or left, anterieure ou gauche, anterior 
 vel sinistra, vordere oder linke, travers- 
 es the groove on the convex surface of the 
 heart ; and terminates near its apex : 
 while the posterior or right, hintere oder 
 rechte, G., divides into two branches 
 which are distributed on the posterior sur- 
 face of the organ. The coronary veins, 
 veines coronaires, venae coronaria, kranz- 
 adern, ordinarily four in number, two an- 
 terior and two posterior, ^-pour their con- 
 tained blood into the right auricle, by one 
 orifice which exhibits a distinctly marked 
 valve. See also CARDIAQUE. B. An artery 
 of the stomach, coronaire ou slomachique 
 superieure (stomo-gastrique, Ch.), F., ar- 
 teria coronaria ventriculi, gastrica major, 
 seu gastrica superior sinistra, L., kranz* 
 arterie des magens, oder grosse magenar- 
 terie, oder linke obere magenschlagader, 
 
 G., which, given off by the cceliac, runs 
 
 along the lesser curvature of the stomach, 
 and anastomozes with the pyloric branch 
 of the hepatic, leberschlagader, G. The 
 accompanying vein, veine coronaire sto- 
 machique, F., usually terminates in the 
 vena portarum, sometimes in the splenic. 
 For an account of the right inferior coro- 
 nary artery of the stomach, the arteria 
 coronaria dextra inferior, of Latin , rechte 
 untere Arransrarterie des magens, of German 
 writers, see GASTRO-EPIPLOIQUE. c. The 
 coronary arteries of the lips, art. coronaires. 
 des levres, F., arteriae coronarice labiorum, 
 L., frrawzarterie der ober- und der unter- 
 lippe, G., are, finally, branches of the 
 external maxillary, iiussere kieferarte- 
 rie : they surround the mouth. 2. The 
 coronary ligament of the liver, Hymn, co- 
 ronaire dufoie, F., ligamentum coronari- 
 um, est peritonsei plica quse marginem 
 hepatis superiorem circumdat, L. 
 
 In Comparative Anatomy, one of the 
 bones of the extremities of the horse, arti- 
 culating, above, with the pastern, below, 
 with the proper bone of the foot, is term- 
 ed os coronaire, ou os de la couronne du pied, 
 crown or coronary bone : and the same 
 162 
 
 COll 
 
 designation, os coronaire, ou cwondidlen, 
 is applied, by Cuvier, to one of the six 
 osseous pieces which compose the lower 
 jaw of birds and reptiles. 
 
 COROXAI,, adj., coronalis, coronarius, 
 L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to one 
 of the bones of the head, 1' os coronal, or 
 substantively used, simply Coronal; be- 
 cause upon it the crown of kings, and the 
 garland corona of the conqueror and the 
 bard, partly or principally reposes. This, 
 the os frontis, stirnbein, frontal bone, 
 of Latin, German, and British writers, is 
 pairles?, of somewhat semi-circular figure; 
 and occupies the anterior superior region 
 of the skull. It presents three surfaces : 
 an external, face frontale, F.. convex ; 
 an inferior, /. orbito-ethmo'idale, irregu- 
 lar, constituting the roof of the orbits, and 
 separated, in the middle, by a large fissure, 
 which admits the ethmoid bone ; and an 
 internal, -f. ctribrale, concave, lined with 
 dura mater, and lodging the anterior lobes 
 of the brain. It is articulated with the 
 parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, superior 
 maxillary, lachrymal, and malar bones ; 
 and affords points of attachment to one a- 
 zygous muscle, the Occipito-frontalis, and 
 to three pairs, Corrugatores superciliomm, 
 Or bicu lares palpebrarum,and Temporales. In 
 early age, it consists of two portions which 
 are developed by two distinct points of os- 
 sification at the supraciliary ridges, die 
 augenbraunenbogen, G., not, as common- 
 ly described, at the frontal eminences, 
 tubera frontalia, I... The suture which u- 
 nites them in adult age, is termed the co- 
 ronal, suture coronale, F., sutura corona- 
 lis, L., die kranznaht, G. 
 
 COROVOIDE, adj., coronoides (xo^eain, a 
 crow, iTSos, resemblance), I-.. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the triangular 
 
 eminence, apophyse corono'ide, F., pro- 
 
 cessus coronoides, Li., kronenfvrmiger fort- 
 satz, G., which terminates the ascending 
 ramus of the lower jaw at its anterior su- 
 perior part, and gives attachment to the 
 temporal muscle : and 2. to a process of 
 the ulna, situated anteriorly to, and below, 
 the sigmoid notch of that bone. The ten- 
 don of the Brachialis internus is affixed 
 into its root. Both of these processes de- 
 rive their adjective designation from a 
 supposed resemblance to the crow's beak. 
 
 CCRONOIDIEN, adj., coronoideus, L. 
 See CORONAIRE. 
 
 CORPS, s. m., corpus, n. L., au^a., 
 korper, m. G.,. body : in Physics, an ob- 
 ject, or portion of matter, occupying a de- 
 finite space ; consisting of molecules unit- 
 ed by the force of cohesion ; and striking, 
 by its proper qualities, one or more of the 
 senses. In Natural History, such objects 
 are termed gaseous, mineral, vegetable, 
 and animal bodies : the former further dis-
 
 con 
 
 tinguished by the epithet inorganic, inor- 
 ganiques ou bruts, F. ; the two latter, or- 
 ganic, organiques. In Chemistry, bodies 
 are distinguished into the simple and com- 
 pound. To the former, also termed ele- 
 ments, belong, with many others, oxygen, 
 carbon, and the metals : the latter are com- 
 posed of two or more elements ; as water, 
 potass, and the other innumerable com- 
 pounds. Bodies may, moreover, be solid 
 or fluid; and the latter are subdivided into 
 liquids and elastic fluids. 
 
 In Anatomv, the term is applied to an 
 assemblage of parts constituting a whole, 
 and contributing to a common end; as the 
 animal body, corpus animate, L., the hu- 
 man body, corps humaine, F., der mensch- 
 liche k'orper, G. ; or to the main part, or 
 trunk, of such body, as distinguishing it 
 from the head and limbs : also, to the prin- 
 cipal portion of a bone or muscle ; as the 
 body of the sphenoid, corpus ossis sphe- 
 noidei, L. ; of the sartorius, corps du 
 muscle ilio-pritibial, F., der k'orper des 
 schneidermuskels, G. The following parts 
 are, moreover, in human Anatomy, thus 
 specially designated : 
 
 1. Corps begemines, tuber cules quadriju- 
 meaux, F., corpora , tubercula quadri- 
 gemina, L., vierhiigel, G. See QUAD- 
 
 IlIJUMEAUX. 
 
 2. bordes, oufranges, corpora fimbri- 
 ata, L. : the delicate and flattened bands 
 of medullary substance which run along 
 the concave border of the cornu Ammonis, 
 in the lateral ventricle of the brain,; a con- 
 tinuation of the posterior crura, or pillars, 
 of the fornix. 
 
 3. calleux, voute medullaire, plafond 
 des ventricules du cerveau, F., corpus cal- 
 losum, L. See CALLEUX. 
 
 4. canneles. See CAKKELE, and 
 STRIES. 
 
 5. caverneux ; as the corpora caver- 
 nosa penis et clitoridis, L., die schwam- 
 michten k'orper der ruthe und des kitzlers, 
 G. See CAVERNEUX. 
 
 6. cendre, rhombo'idal ou rhombo'ide, 
 corpus cinereum, rhomboidale vel rhom- 
 boideum, L. : an ovoid nucleus, of cineri- 
 tious substance, existing in the centre of 
 the cerebellum ; and exhibiting a dente- 
 lated outline, of brownish or yellow co- 
 lour, surrounded by medullary substance. 
 
 7. ciliaire, corpus ciliare, JU, strahl- 
 enkorper, G. See CILIAIRE. 
 
 8. cribleux, corpus cribrosum, L. : a 
 term sometimes applied to the cellular 
 membrane. 
 
 9. dentele : the epithet applied, by 
 Vicq d'Azyr, to the corpus rhomboideum, 
 of Vieussens. See Cendre. 
 
 10. festonne. Synon. with dentele. 
 
 11. /ranges. Synon. with bordes. 
 
 12. genicules, genouilles, corpora ge 
 
 163 
 
 COR 
 
 niculata, L. : two tubercles situated at the 
 external and inferior part of the optic tha- 
 lami, sehhiigel, G.; and supplying several 
 filaments to the optic nerves. 
 
 13. d'Highmore, (sinus des vaisseaux 
 seminiferes, Ch.), corpus Highmorianum, 
 L., hodenkern, G. : an oblong projection 
 exhibited by the tunica albuginea, about 
 the superior border of the testis, and tra- 
 versed obliquely by the seminal vessels, 
 in their course to the head of the epididy- 
 mis. 
 
 14. jaune, corpus luteum, L., der 
 gelbe k'orper im eierstocke, G. : a minute 
 reddish-yellow body observed in the ovary 
 of the female, after rupture of one of the 
 vesicles consequent on impregnation. It 
 disappears before the close of pregnancy ; 
 and a slight cicatrix, indicative of the site 
 which it once occupied, alone remains. 
 
 15. muqueux ou reticulaire, corpus 
 mucosum vel reticulare, rete mucosum, 
 L., das Malpighische netz, G. : the se- 
 cond stratum of skin situated between the 
 dermis and epidermis; and composed of 
 four secondary layers, -the bourgeons san- 
 guins, couche albide profonde, gemmules, 
 and c. albide superficielle, of Gaultier. 
 The third of these, from the interior, is 
 impregnated with a colouring matter, 
 brown in the negro, white in the European. 
 
 16. olivaires (Eminences laterales, 
 Ch.), corpora olivaria, L., die oliven- 
 korper, G. : two oblong, firm, whitish emi- 
 nences, situated on the anterior or occi- 
 pital surface of the medulla oblongala, ex- 
 teriorly to the corpora pyramidalia. 
 
 17- pampiniforme, corpus pampini- 
 forme, varicosum, L. : the vascular rete, 
 or net-work, formed by the spermatic arte- 
 ries and veins, in front of the psoas muscle. 
 
 18. papUlaire, corpus papillare, L. : 
 the assemblage of nervous and vascular 
 papilla, situated beneath the epidermis. 
 See muqueux. 
 
 19. psalloide, corpus psalloides, L., 
 > der psalterf ormige k'orper, G. : a term 
 applied to the lyre on the inferior part of 
 the fornix. 
 
 20. jyrajirfaia i (e'minencesmedianes, 
 pyramidales, Ch., pyramides ante'ri- 
 eures, Gall), corpora pyramidalia, L., 
 pyramidenfcorper, G. : two medullary emi- 
 nences situated on the anterior surface of 
 the medulla oblongata, between the corpora 
 olivaria, and separated from each other by 
 the median suleus. 
 
 21. restiformes, cuisses posterieutes , 
 racines, bras, ou jambes du cervelet, petites 
 branches de la moelle allongee, F., corpora 
 restiformia, L., die untern schenkel des 
 kleinen gehirns, G. : the posterior and 
 most external of the three medullary fas- 
 ciculi into which each principal chord of 
 the medulla oblongata is divided ; and con- 
 
 M2
 
 COR 
 
 tributinflf to the formation of the cerebel- 
 lum. 
 
 22. rhombotdal. See cendre. 
 
 23. stries, corpora striata, colliculi 
 nervi ethmoidalis, apices crurum medulla? 
 oblongatse, L., die gestreiften hirnkorper, 
 G., see CANJTELE : the two greyish pyri- 
 form eminences, large and approximating 
 anteriorly, less voluminous and diverging 
 posteriorly, which exist below the/ornicT, 
 and constitute part of the floor of the la- 
 teral ventricles. They consist of medul- 
 lary and cortical substance disposed in 
 striae. All the white bands are continuous 
 with the primitive fasciculi of the corpora 
 olivaria. 
 
 24. vifre, corpus vitreum, L-, glas- 
 korper, G. : the transparent and gelatinous 
 mass, situated posteriorly to the crystalline 
 lens ; and constituting the bulk of the eye- 
 ball. It consists of the vitreous humour 
 contained in the cells of the hyaloid mem- 
 brane. See VITRK. 
 
 In Pathology, the term is employed to 
 designate 1. certain tumours reierrible to 
 none of the forms of morbid excrescence 
 which have received particular appela- 
 tions ; as the fibrous bodies, corps fibreuX) 
 F., corpora fibrosa, L., fibrose korper, 
 G. ; which, so termed by Bayle, are sphe- 
 rical, circumscribed tumours, of fibrous 
 structure, more or less adherent, some- 
 times pediculated, and most frequently 
 occurring in the substance of the uterus. 
 2. Extraneous or foreign bodies, corps e- 
 trangers, F., corpora externa, L., fremde 
 Jcorper, G. Under this title is compre- 
 hended every substance, or portion of mat- 
 ter, solid, liquid, or gaseous, introduced 
 from without into, or formed, or accumu- 
 lated, in the interior of, the animal econo- 
 my ; tut not constituting, either from its 
 composition, or the site Occupied by it, an 
 original part of the organization. Extra- 
 neous bodies are distinguishable into A. the 
 Animate, Animes, Corps etrangers vivanls, 
 F. ; admitting of subdivision into a. those 
 which participate the life of the individu- 
 al; as cysts of every description, develop- 
 ed in th'e structure of almost all the ani- 
 mal organs, and certain pendulous or near- 
 ly isolated tumours ; and b. those endowed 
 with an isolated or independent existence, 
 as worms, hydatids, and other parasitic a- 
 nimals : aim a. the Inanimate, Inanimes, 
 F., distributable, also, into two sections ; 
 a. those introduced from the exterior, ei- 
 ther by the natural passages, as a piece of 
 metal lodged in the stomach, or through 
 an accidental opening, as a musket-ball ; 
 and b. those formed, or secreted, in the 
 interior, as lithoid concretions, of every 
 kind; and extravasations of blood, serum, 
 pus, urine, or ah-, into cavities not natu- 
 rally containing them. In Surgical Pa- 
 
 164 
 
 COR 
 
 thology, any substance which, brought in- 
 to violent contact with the animal organs, 
 determines a contusion, is designated, in 
 French, corps contondant. 
 
 Finally, in Botany, the cotyledons of 
 plants, when pressed together, and united 
 so as to form only one mass, are named 
 corps colyledonaire, F., corpus cotyledone- 
 um, L., samenlappenkorper, G. : and that 
 portion of the root and stem comprized 
 between the bark and pith of dicotyledo- 
 nous plants, is termed corps ligneux, F., 
 corpus ligneum,Li., der holzige korper, G. 
 In the monocotyledonous plants, the lig- 
 neous body constitutes the whole stem. 
 
 CoRpuscuLEjS.m., corpusculum (dim. 
 of corpus, a body), L., a-a^ar/ov, korper- 
 chen, n. G. .- a body, of extreme minuteness, 
 and regarded as indivisible : hence synon. 
 with ATOME. CORPUSCULAIRE, adj., 
 corpuscularis, korperlich, atomistiscb, 
 corpuscular, atomic : Ex. PMlosophie cor- 
 pusculaire ou atomique, F., doctrina cor- 
 puscularis vel atomica, ~L,.,corpuscular\>\\\- 
 losophie, die atomislik, die atomisliche onto- 
 logie, G., the system ot Democritus, and 
 other Greek philosophers, who, by the ex- 
 istence of corpnscules or atoms, explained 
 all the phenomena of the universe. 
 
 CORRECTIF, adj., corrigens, L. : an e- 
 pithet substantively employed to desig- 
 nate any ingredient, correctorittm, L., 
 einschr'dnkungsmiitel, G., which may be 
 added to a pharmaceutical compound, in 
 order to mitigate, or restrain, the activity 
 of the principal agent. Thus, mucilage is 
 frequently employed to soften the opera- 
 tion of astringent collyria; and opium in- 
 ternally administered, as a corrective, in 
 combination with mercury. 
 
 CORROBORANT, adj., cprroborans (cor- 
 roborare, to strengthen), L., starkend, G., 
 strengthening : an epithet applied, in 
 Materia Medica, to all substances, reme- 
 des corroborants, ou corroboratifs, F., cor- 
 roborantia, L.., die starkungsmittel, G., 
 which operate by imparting tone and vigour 
 to the system ; as wine, iron, and Cincho- 
 na. CORROBORATIOV, s. f., corroboratio, 
 f. L., starkung, f. G. : the act of strength- 
 ening ; the operation of corroborative medi- 
 cines, or remedies. 
 
 CORROSIF, adj., corrosivus (corrodere, 
 to corrode), L., a'tzend, fressend, G. : an 
 epithet applied, in Materia Medica, to sub- 
 stances corrosifs, remeAiacorrosiva, atz- 
 miltel, zemagende mittel, which disorgan- 
 ize, when placed in contact with, the liv- 
 ing parts. Such are the caustic alcalis, 
 the mineral acids, ana the deu to-chloride 
 hence called the corrosive sublimate, sub- 
 lime corrosif, F., atersublimat, G., of mer- 
 cury. These substances are inferior in 
 energy, to the caustics properly so termed. 
 CORROSION, s. f., corrosio, f. L., a'tzung,
 
 COR 
 
 zerfressung, f. G. : the action of corrosive 
 substances. 
 
 COHRUGATEUR, adj. : an epithet sub- 
 stantively employed to designate a facial 
 muscle, m. sourcilier (fronto-sourcilier, 
 Ch.), F., corruyator supercilii, L., aug- 
 enbraunenmuskel, augenbraunenrwnzfer, 
 G. ; which extends, on each side, from the 
 internal angular process of the os frontis, 
 to the internal fleshy part of the Occipito- 
 frontalis muscle, and, in contracting, cor- 
 rugates the ej-e-brow. 
 
 CORRUGATION, s. f., crispation, fronce- 
 ment, F., corrugatio, f. L., runzeln, n. 
 G. : in Physiology, the wrinkling of skin 
 produced by the action of subcutaneous 
 muscles : in Pathology < a phenomenon con- 
 sequent on the application of cold or styp- 
 tics to the surface. The spontaneous cor- 
 rugation of the scrotum may commonly be 
 regarded as indicative of health and sexual 
 vigour. A'vaa'fTav TO [i.i<ra<xov,^ frontem 
 corruyare, L. 
 
 CORRUPTION, s. f.,. corruptio, f. I,., 
 verdorbenheit, fiiulniss, f. G. : in Chemis- 
 try, the alteration suffered by an organiz- 
 ed body when its elements react upon each 
 other ; especially occurring in substances 
 deprived of life, and frequently preceding 
 putrefaction: in Pathology, the deprava- 
 tion which the solids and fluids of the liv- 
 ing animal body are supposed to undergo, 
 in certain states or forms of disease. 
 
 CORSELET, s. m., vorderlieb, brust- 
 schild, m., bruststikk, n. G. : a term, in 
 .Zoology, respecting the precise applica- 
 tion of which, great discrepancy and con- 
 fusion exist among Entomologists. By 
 some, the whole portion of the insect body 
 intervening between the head and abdo- 
 men, is thus designated ; by others, the 
 superior or dorsal surface, only, of this 
 portion. Among the moderns, some re- 
 strict the term exclusively to the anterior 
 segment of the trunk, or prothorax ; and 
 distinguish the two remaining segments 
 by the titles of mesathorax and metathorax. 
 Cithers divide the whole trunk, or corselet, 
 into the fore corselet, bearing the anterior 
 
 Eair of legs ; the mid corselet? the second 
 ?gs and first pair of wings ; and the hind 
 corselet, the posterior legs and second 
 wings. The corselet, and its respective di- 
 visions, are most conspicuously exhibited 
 in the Hymenoptera. See Kirby and 
 Spence, Inti od. to Entomology, v. iii, p. 529. 
 CORSET, s. m., tunica thoracis, L., 
 corset, G. and E. : in Hygiene, a garment 
 closely investing the chest ; and much 
 worn by the women of civilized countries : 
 in Surgery, a bandage, of one or more 
 pieces, which envelopes the greater por- 
 tion of the trunk. de Brasidor: a ban- 
 dage for retaining, in their place, the frag- 
 ments of a broken clavicle. 
 
 165 
 
 COS 
 
 CORTICAL, adj., corlicalis ( cortex, bark 
 or rind), L., zur rinde gehorig, G. : an fe- 
 pithet applied, in Anatomy, to the exterior 
 gi-ey portion, substance corticale, F., see 
 CENDRE, of the encephalon ; because it 
 envelopes, like a rind, the internal or me- 
 dullary portion of the organ : also, to the 
 exterior substance of the kidney, differing, 
 by its deeper colour, from the internal 
 In Botany, everything which relates to 
 the bark, is thus designated ; as the more 
 exterior of the layers, couches corticales, 
 F., of the liber, apparent only in a few 
 trees. CORTICATE, adj., coitieatus, L,;, 
 
 rindenartig, G., corticate. COHTI- 
 
 ftu EUX, adj.,- corticosus, rindig, fur- 
 nished, as divers pulpy fruits, with a thick 
 and coriaceous rind* 
 
 CORYBANTIASME, S. m.,~ xa^vGatnaffftcf 
 
 (xovnvT/ia, to imitate the frantic conduct 
 of the Corybantes), corybantiasmus, m. 
 Ijij ein wilder tobender gemiithzustand, 
 G., corybantiasm ; in Pathology, a sort 
 of phrenzy, in which the patient has fan- 
 tastic visions, with incessant watchfulness. 
 CORYMBE, s. m., xopuftSos, corymbus, 
 m. F., doldentraube, f., blumenbuschel, 
 m. G., corymb : in Botany, a cluster of 
 flowers placed nearly on the same level ; 
 but with peduncles not arising from the 
 same point of the stem, or ramifying irre- 
 gularly ; as in Achillea and Sambucus. 
 CORYMBE, CORYSIBEUX, adj., corymbo* 
 sus, doldentraubig, corymbose : an epU 
 thet employed to specifically designate a 
 plant ; the branches of which, as Cardio- 
 palhium corymlosum, exhibit the disposi- 
 tion of a corymb. 
 
 COHTMBIFERE, adj., xagVpS/Xpeftls, CO- 
 
 rymbiferus, corymbophorus. L., eine dol- 
 dentraube tragend, G., corymbiferous : 
 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to plants, 
 plantes corymbiferes, L., which bear a 
 corymb. Some Botanists have arranged, 
 under the title Corymbiferee, CORYMBT- 
 FERES, F., a group of plants formerly 
 included among the Synantherce ; and 
 comprehending those genera, as Achillea, 
 Anthemis, JEupatoria, Tanacetum, the flow- 
 ers of which are disposed in a corymb. Co- 
 RYJIBOIDE, adj., ?- corymboides, einem 
 korymbos ahnlich, resembling a corymb. 
 
 CORYZA, s. m., x.o^a., coryza, f. L., 
 schnupfen, m. G. : in Pathology, in- 
 flammation of the mucous membrane of 
 the nasal fossae and of the sinuses commu- 
 nicating with them. See CATARBHE. 
 
 CoSMETIftUE, adj., and S. f., xafff^firixos, 
 
 cosmeticus, L,., ^schmuckend, G., cos- 
 metic, pertaining to ornament, xo<r(*.t>; 
 Cosmetics, la Cosmetique, F., ars cosme- 
 tica, die kosmetik, scAmueArkunst, verschon- 
 ertmyskunst, is that part of Hygiene, 
 which teaches the preservation or testora- 
 tion of the beauty of the human frame, by
 
 COS 
 
 various cosmetic remedies, remedia cosme- 
 tica, schmilck- oder verschorwrungsmitteL 
 For a curious article on this subject, as it 
 regards female beauty, see Moreau, His- 
 toire Naturelle de la Femme, vol. ii, p. 417- 
 
 COSSE, s. f. : the vulgar designation of 
 the envelope, see SILIQUE, or the seeds 
 of certain Leguminoste, and of the fruits of 
 some shrubs. 
 
 Cossus, s. m., F. and L. : a genus, in 
 Entomology, belonging to the Order, Le* 
 pidoptera (Noctuma, Hepialidoe, Cuv. and 
 St.). The large caterpillar of an Europe- 
 an species, C. ligniperda ( Bombyx cossus, 
 Linn.) does great damage, by perforating 
 the trunks of the elm, poplar, and willow. 
 See Lyonnet, Traitt Anatomique de la Che- 
 nille qui range le bois de Saule. The larvae 
 of the Cerambyx, Lncanus, and other bee- 
 tles found also in wood, were, by the an- 
 cients, eaten as delicacies, under the name 
 of Cossus. See CALANDRE, and CAPRI- 
 CORNE. 
 
 COSTAL, adj., costalis, L., vXsufiirns, 
 zu den rippen gehorig, G., an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to various parts con- 
 nected with, or belonging to, the ribs, 
 costte, L. ; as 1. the costal cartilages, cart, 
 costaux, F., ripperaknorpeln, G. : of these, 
 twelve pairs, the first seven are continu- 
 ous with the sternum ; the following three 
 united with the seventh ; and the last two 
 almost invariably remain loose, see C6TE : 
 2. the costal vertebrae ; and 3. the costal 
 nerves, see DORSAL : and 4. that sheet of 
 pleura which lines the interior of the thora- 
 cic cavity, and is termed plevre costale, F., 
 pleura costalis, L., rippenfell, n. G-., 
 in order to distinguish it from the por- 
 tion, see PLEVRE and PULMONAIRE, 
 which invests the lung. 
 
 COSTE, adj., costatus, L., gerippt, G., 
 ribbed : an epithet applied, in Zoology 
 and Botany, to animals, or parts or organs 
 of plants, furnished with ribs. 
 
 COSTO-ABDOMIVAL, adj., costo-abdo- 
 
 minalis, L. : a term, in Anatomy, applied 
 by Chaussier, to the Obliquus extemus ab- 
 dominis muscle ; from its connection with 
 the ribs and abdomen. See OBLIQUE. 
 
 COSTO-CLAVICULAIRE, adj., costo-cla- 
 vicularis, L. : an epithet applied, by some 
 Anatomists, to the ligament, ligam. cleido- 
 costal ou costo-claviculaire, F., which pass- 
 es from the interior superior part of the 
 cartilage of the first rib, to the inferior 
 surface of the clavicle: by Chaussier, to the 
 Subclavius muscle. See SOUS-CLAVIER. 
 
 CosTO-CoRACOiDiEN, adj., costo-cora- 
 coideus, L. : an epithet employed, by 
 Chaussier, to designate the Pectoralis mi- 
 nor muscle, see PECTORAL ; trom its at- 
 tachment to the ribs, and the coracoid pro- 
 cess of the scapula. 
 
 CosTO-PuBiEN, adj. : a name given, by 
 166 
 
 COT 
 
 Portal, to the Rectus abdominis muscle. 
 See DROIT de rabdomen. 
 
 CosTO-ScAFULAiRE, adj., costo-scapu- 
 laris, L. : Chaussier's term for the Serra- 
 tus major anticus muscle, attached to the 
 ribs and scapula. See DENTELE. 
 
 COSTO-STERNAL, adj., costo-sternalis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the articulations of the first seven" ribs 
 with the sternum. 
 
 CosTO-THORAciaiiE, adj., costo-tho- 
 racicus, Ij. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the arteries and veins, les arteres 
 et veines costo-thoraciques, F. ; ordinarily 
 known by the name of the inferior thor- 
 acic, omtere brustschlagadern, und brust- 
 venen, G., as belonging to the ribs and 
 thorax. 
 
 COSTO-TRACHELIEJT, adj., costo-tra- 
 
 chelianus, L. : an epithet by which Chaus- 
 sier distinguishes the united anterior and 
 posterior Scaleni muscles. See SCALKNE. 
 They are attached to the ribs, and to the 
 transverse processes, apophyses tracheli- 
 ennes, F., of the cervical vertebrae. 
 
 COSTO-TRANSVERSAIRE, adj., costo- 
 
 transversarius, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Bichat, to the articulations, artic. coslo- 
 transversaires, F.,-^of the tuberosity of the 
 ribs, hb'cker der rippen, G., with the 
 summit of the transverse processes of the 
 corresponding dorsal vertebrae. Each ar- 
 ticulation is secured by three ligaments, 
 ligam. costo-transversaires, F., respec- 
 tively distinguished by the epithets, pos- 
 terior, middle, and inferior. 
 
 CosTO-VERTEBtRAL, adj., costo-verte- 
 bralis, L. : an epithet applied, by Bichat, 
 to the articulation between the head of 
 each rib, rippenkopfchen, n. G., and 
 the dorsal vertebras. The articular sur- 
 faces are retained in contact by an anteri- 
 or or radiated, and an inter-articular liga- 
 ment, ligam. anterieur ou rayonne, et 
 inter-articulaire, F. The latter, however, 
 does not exist in the articulations of the 
 the first, eleventh, and twelfth ribs. 
 
 COSTO-XYPHOID, adj., costo-xyphoide- 
 us, L. : in Anatomy, a ligament which 
 connects the seventh true rib to the xy- 
 phoid cartilage, is thus designated. 
 
 COSTUS, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Costus ( Monandria, monogyn. ; Amomece), 
 L. ; the root of one species of which, C. 
 arabicus, costus d 1 Arabic, F., porous, 
 fragile, and aromatic, is employed, in me- 
 dicine, as tonic and excitant. 
 
 COTE, s. f., costa, f. L., #*.ivx, 
 
 rippe, f. G., rib : a term applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, 1. to the bones, twelve on each side, 
 which, in the human skeleton, form the 
 lateral parietes of the thorax. They are 
 articulated, at their posterior or vertebral 
 extremity, with the bodies and transverse 
 processes of the dorsal, hence termed, al-
 
 COT 
 
 so, costal vertebrae. These bones are dis- 
 tinguishable into A, the superior, long, true 
 or sternal ribs, les vraies cotes (c. verte- 
 bro-sternales, Ch.), F., costae verse, ster- 
 nales, L.., die obern, langen, oder wahren 
 rippen, G., seven in number, and united 
 to the sternum, anteriorly, by their ster- 
 nal cartilages, see COSTAL : and B. the 
 lower, shorter, false, asternal les fausses 
 cotes (c. asternales, Ch.), costa spuriae, 
 asternales, die untern, kurzen, oder 
 falschen rippen, 1080.1 -r^iv^a.}. Of these 
 latter, the first three pairs terminate, at 
 their anterior extremities, in a common 
 connecting cartilage : while the lower two, 
 
 hence termed loose or floating ribs, 
 
 cotes Jtottantes, F ordinarily remain free. 
 Great variety in the form, number, and 
 disposition of the ribs, is exhibited by the 
 different Orders, genera, and even species, 
 of Vertebrated Animals. Some Simioe, a- 
 mong the Mammifera, possess 13 , the 
 bear 14 , the seal, and the fin-fish ( Ba- 
 
 Icenoptera physalis), 15 , the horse 18 , 
 
 rhinoceros 19 , and elephant 20 pairs. 
 In Birds, they never exceed ten pairs. 
 The tortoise, among the Chelonian Rep- 
 tiles, has its upper or dorsal shell, see CA- 
 RAPACE, formed by the dilatation and 
 consolidation of the eight ribs. In Draco 
 volans, among the Saurians, the posterior 
 ribs, see AILE, constitute, by their pe- 
 culiar extension, the skeleton of the or- 
 gans of flight. They are very numerous, 
 sometimes amounting to 250 pairs, in 
 the Serpents. The Frog-tribe, among the 
 Batracians, are wholly destitute of ribs : 
 and in the Salamander, they are so short 
 as to resemble, rather than costse, the 
 transverse processes of the vertebra. Fi- 
 nally, in some Cartilaginous Fishes, as the 
 Hays, they do not exist ; and in others, as 
 the Sturgeons, are so imperfectly develop- 
 ed as to exhibit merely a rudimentary cha- 
 racter: while their number,in Osseous Fish- 
 es, varies like that of the abdominal or dor- 
 sal vertebrae with which they are usually, 
 but not invariably, connected. From a 
 fact observed by Sir E. Home, the ribs 
 appear to constitute, in Ophidian Reptiles, 
 the organs of progression. 2. the anterior, 
 external, or axillary border of the scapula, 
 ausserer rand des schulterblatts, G., 
 is designated, in French, cote de Fomoplate, 
 costa scapulae, I*. 
 
 In Pathology, the term, pointe de cote, 
 F., dolor lateris, L., rippenweh, n. G., 
 is employed to designate the acute pain 
 vulgarly named stitch- in the side which 
 occurs in rheumatic inflammation of the 
 parietes of the chest ; and constitutes a 
 pathognomic sign of pleuritis : and, in 
 Botany, the mesial nervure of a leaf, when 
 unusually prominent, is, in popular lan- 
 guage, termed rib, costa, L. ; as are the 
 
 167 
 
 COT 
 
 prominent lines, jug<e, of the fruit of 
 Umbelliferous plants. 
 
 COTIGNAC, s. m., cydoniacum, n. L,., 
 
 quittenlatwerge, f. G. : a jelly or conserve 
 prepared with unripe quinces, white wine 
 and sugar : astringent and stomachic. 
 
 COTON, s. m., tfiov &<ro %uXov r gossypi- 
 um, xylon, n. L., baumwolle, f. G., 
 cotton : in Botany, a soft, delicate, and fi- 
 lamentous substance which envelopes the 
 seeds of divers plants, especially those be- 
 longing to the genera, Asclepias and Gos- 
 sypium, see COTONNIER. It is of incal- 
 culable value in commerce ; and employ- 
 ed, by the Surgeon, in the preparation of 
 moxa, and as a substitute for lint. Thomp- 
 son regards it as one of the immediate prin- 
 ciples of vegetables. See GOSSYPINE. 
 
 CoTONtfiER, s. m. : a genus, in Botanv, 
 Gossypium ( Monadelphia, polyandr. ; Mal- 
 vacea), L., "Efio^vKov, der Baumwollen- 
 
 baum, G., Cotton-plant, containing 
 
 shrubby and herbaceous species, indige- 
 nous in America and the East. To the 
 G. herbaceum, European commerce is prin- 
 cipally indebted for the cotton-wool, which 
 lines the pod, see COTON. From the seeds 
 of G. Barbadense, an oil is obtained which 
 burns well ; and constitutes the basis of a 
 pectoral emulsion. The seeds of all the 
 species furnish a nutritious aliment. 
 
 COTYLE, s. f., cotyla, cotyle, f. L., 
 gelenkhohle, besonders die pfanne des hiift- 
 gelenks, G., est acetabulum, seu cavitas 
 ossis coxae, quaecaput ossis femoris excipit, 
 It. : in Anatomy, the socket or cavity of 
 the ilium which receives the head of the 
 thigh-bone. See COTYLOIDE. All the 
 cavities, now termed cotyloid and glenoid, 
 were designated xorvl.*, by the Greeks. 
 
 COTYLEAL, s. m. and adj. By this term, 
 os cotyleale, L., Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire 
 designates a bone in the cranial vault of a- 
 nimals ? which serves as a support to the 
 petrous portion of the temporal bone, and 
 the external part of the cavity of the tym- 
 panum, ein Knochen im gewolbe des scha- 
 dels, welches zur befestigung des felsen- 
 beins und der aussern theils der pauken- 
 hbhle dient, G. 
 
 COTYJLEDOH, s. m., cotyledon, m. (xo- 
 TA.V, a cavity or hollow), L. : in Zoolo- 
 gy, the cellular excrescences, les cotyle- 
 dons, Y.,cotyledones vel acetabula uteri- 
 na, L., die milchdriisen oder mutterdriis- 
 en, G., seen in the gravid uterus of the 
 Bisuka,- sunt glandulae per externam 
 foetus membranam, seu chorion disperse, 
 quse succum nutritium foetui alendo ex 
 utero segregant, L. ; the inequalities pre- 
 sented by the surface of, or lobes compos- 
 ing, the placenta: in Botany, organs, 
 gateaux , lobes seminaux, F., folia semi- 
 
 nalia, F., samenkuchen, samenlappen, 
 
 samenblattchen, G., adherent to the plu-
 
 cou 
 
 mule of the seed j representing the first 
 leaves of the plant; and serving, when 
 fleshy, to supply it with a prepared ali- 
 ment, or, when fbliaceous, to prepare for 
 it such aliment, from the moment of ger- 
 mination. 
 
 COTYLEDONAIRE, adj., ~-cotyledoiieus, 
 L., relating to the vegetable cotyledon ; 
 as the cotyledonary body, see CORPS coty- 
 ledonaire. COTYLEDONE, adj., cotyledo- 
 nous : an epithet applied to plants, plantes 
 colyledontes, F., plantse cotyledonece, Ii., 
 the seed of which is provided with cotyle- 
 dons : hence opposed, in signification, to 
 ACOTYLEDONE. The term is, also, re- 
 garded, by some Botanists, as a synonym 
 of PH^ENOGAME ; because cotyledons are 
 found only in plants, yet not in all, 
 which exhibit distinct sexual characters. 
 
 COT YLOIDE, adj., xaruXadns, coty- 
 
 loides, L., einer kotyle aftnlich, G., co- 
 tyloid, resembling a small cup : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to the almost hemis- 
 pherical cavity, which exists in the exter- 
 nal surface of each os innominatum, and 
 receives the head of the thigh-bone. Co- 
 TYLOIDIEN, adj. cotyloideus, belonging 
 to the coty'oid cavity ; as the notch, E- 
 chancrure cotyloidienne, F., ausschnitt der 
 gelenkpfanne, G., incisura acetabuli, L,., 
 situated in the margin of that cavity, 
 and destined to transmit the articular ves- 
 sels; and the fibro-cartilaginous rim, li- 
 
 gament cotylo'idien, limbus acetabuli, 
 
 pfannenrand, which surrounds, and aug- 
 ments the depth of, the cotyloid cavity. 
 
 Cou, s. m., collum, n. L. See Cot. 
 
 COIICHE, s. f. : a term applied, in De- 
 scriptive Anatomy, to a layer, stratum, 
 n. L., lage, f. G., of membrane or of 
 muscles : thus the transparent cornea, and 
 the common integument, of animals, con- 
 sist of numerous layers of membrane 5 and 
 the muscular system, of successive strata 
 of muscles, muskellaffe, G. : specially, to 
 divers parts or organs of the animal body; 
 as 1., by Chaussier, to the corpus striatum, 
 couche du nerfethmo'idal, F., see CORPS: 
 and 2. to two eminences, c. des nerfs op- 
 tiques (c. des nerfs oculaires, Ch.), F., 
 thalami nervorum opticorum, L., seh- 
 hiigel, G., situated in the anterior and in- 
 ternal part of the lateral ventricles of the 
 brain. Contrary to the general opinion of 
 Anatomists, Gall believes that the optic 
 nerves do not originate from the thalami, 
 but simply adhere to, in the transit through, 
 them. He regards the latter as appareils 
 de renforcement ; and designates them le 
 grand ganglion ce'rebral inferieur, F. They 
 are composed, internally, of cineritious , 
 but covered, on the exterior, with medul- 
 lary substance. In Pathological Anato- 
 my, various organs, most commonly the 
 heart and lungs, are often described as ex. 
 
 168 
 
 COU 
 
 hibiting, on their surface, a layer of effused 
 lymph ; and the aneurismal sac, layers of 
 coagulum, in its interior : while, in Obste- 
 trics, the term, couche, ou couches, pi., con- 
 stitutes a familiar synonym of ACCOUCHE- 
 MENT, enfantement, F. ; or is employed 
 to indicate the period during which the 
 woman remains in bed after delivery. 
 Suite de couches, Synon. with LOCHIES. 
 
 In Botany, couches corticales, F., strata 
 corticalia, L., are the exterior layers of 
 the liber, see CORPS; and couches ligneus- 
 es, strata lignea, the layers of ligneous 
 substance which, disposed in concentric 
 
 circles, constitute the trunk of the tree 
 
 One of these layers is annually formed : 
 and they increase in density as they ap- 
 proach the centre. In Geology, the beds 
 of sand, soil, chalk, schistus, and other mi- 
 neral substances which, disposed in regu- 
 lar succession, form the crust of the globe, 
 are termed strata, by the Latin , couches, 
 by the French. , and die schichten, by the 
 German writers. 
 
 COUDE, s. m., cubitus, m. L., elbogen, 
 m. G., elbow : in human Anatomy, the 
 projecting and exterior part of the cubito- 
 humeral articulation ; formed, principally, 
 by the olecranon. The articulation itself 
 is sometimes, but improperly, thus desig- 
 nated. COUDE, adj., bent or elbowed. 
 See GEXICULE". 
 
 CouDE-PiED, s. m., pedis convexum, 
 L., fussbiege, f. G., instep : the promi- 
 nence formea, by the tarsal bones, on the 
 superior part of the foot, between the me- 
 tatarsus and tibio-tarsal articulation. 
 
 COUDRIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Corylus ( Monoecia, polyandr. ; Amentacece ), 
 L., der Haselstrauch, die Haselstaude, 
 G., Hazel-nut-Tree, containingseveral 
 European and North-American species. 
 The most common of these, C. avellana, 
 noisetier,F., der nussbaum, F., presents 
 several varieties ; by one of which the 
 well-known filbert, aveline, f. F., lam- 
 bertsnuss, f. G., is produced. 
 
 COUENNE, s. f., literally, a pig's hide, 
 cutis suilla, L., schweinshaut, f. G. ; 
 but employed as a term, in Pathology, to 
 designate 1. an organic alteration of the 
 human integument, which becomes indu- 
 rated, prominent, brownish, and covered 
 with hairs differing, in colour, from those 
 developed in its healthy state : 2. the grey- 
 ish crust or layer, corium phlogisticum, 
 crusta phlogistica, L., die speckhaut auf 
 dem blute, G., exhibited by the surface 
 of the coagulum of blood, when drawn 
 from a vein, in inflammatory affections, es- 
 pecially phlegmasise of the thoracic organs ; 
 and hence frequently designated couenne 
 pleuretique, F., crusta pleuritica, L. 
 COUENNEUX, adj. : an epithet applied to 
 the blood, sanguis crustS phlogistic^ ob-
 
 cou 
 
 ductus, L., when covered with the in- 
 flammatory crust. 
 
 Coui.EUtt, s. f., color, m. L., xfip"-' 
 farbe, f. G., colour : in Physics, the 
 impression produced by light, direct, or 
 reflected from the surface of bodies, upon 
 the organ of vision. 
 
 COULEUVRE, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus 
 of Ophidian Reptiles, Coluber, L., die 
 Natter, G., comprizing many species of 
 innoxious serpents. In several provinces 
 of France, the flesh of the common snake, 
 C. natrix, coul. a collier, F., die ringel- 
 natter, G., is employed as an article of 
 diet : and broth, prepared with it, is still 
 recommended, by the continental Physi- 
 cians, in Scrofula, Rheumatism, and cuta- 
 neous diseases. 
 
 COULEUVREE blanche. Syn. with BUY- 
 ONE. noire. See TAMINIER. 
 
 COULISSE, s. f. : a term applied, in A- 
 natomy, to a deep and narrow channel on 
 the surface of bone; as the groove, c. bici- 
 pilale, rinne zwischen den beidenhockern, 
 G., situated between the tuberosities of 
 the head of the humerus. See BICEPS. 
 The coulisse differs from the gouttiere, F., 
 in being lined with smooth periosteum or 
 synovial membrane ; whereby the action 
 of the tendon which it is destined to re- 
 ceive, is greatly facilitated. 
 
 COULOIR, s. m., seihtuch, n. G., lite- 
 rally a strainer : a term formerly applied, 
 in Anatomy, to any canal or duct through 
 which the excrementitious fluids of the a- 
 nimal body are evacuated : in Pathology, 
 to accidental or artificial sores, ulcers, 
 and fistulje, setons and cauteries, re- 
 garded as drains by which the system is 
 cleansed from morbific humours. 
 
 COUP, s. m., ?rx!y>), ictus, m. L., 
 schlag, stoss, m. G., blow or stroke : in 
 Physics, the impression produced by one 
 body which has forcibly stricken another : 
 the mark of the action of the striking up- 
 on the stricken body. In Surgical Patho- 
 logy, Coup defeu, plate d'armes a feu, F., 
 vulnus sclopetarium, L., schusswunde, f. 
 G., a gun-shot wound ; de poignard, 
 ictus pugione inflictus, ein stoss mit ei- 
 nem dolch, a dagger-wound ; de maitre, 
 see TOUR. In Pathology, coup desang: a 
 vulgar term for sanguineous apoplexy. 
 de soleil, ictus solis, sonnenschuss : a mor- 
 bid affection, commonly of erysipelatous 
 character, induced by the action of the sun 
 upon any region of the human body. Ex- 
 posure of the bare head to the rays of the 
 sun, particularly in tropical climates, fre- 
 quently excites inflammation of the sub- 
 stance or membranes of the brain with all 
 its fatal or disastrous consequences. To 
 this affection, by Sauvages designated Ca- 
 rus ab insolatione, the term, sun-stroke, is 
 now more especially applied. 
 
 169 
 
 COU 
 
 COUPE, s. f. (xvjrixxor, a drinking-cup), 
 scyphus, m. L., becker, m. G. : in Bo- 
 tany, a cavity ; which, in certain lit hens, 
 as Lichen pixidalus, I. purte-verres, F., 
 contains the reproductive corpuscules. 
 
 COUPE LLE, s. f., cupella, f. L., ka- 
 pelle, f. G. : in Chemistry, a small vessel, 
 composed of calcined and pulverized bones, 
 made into a paste with water ; and used 
 for the purposes of COUI-ELLATION, s. f'., 
 abtreiben, n. G., cupellation : a pro- 
 cess for separating silver-ore, by fusion 
 with lead, from all the metals, except gold, 
 with which it may be found alloyed. 
 
 COUPER, v. a., diluere, L., verdun- 
 nen, G., to dilute: to reduce the strength 
 or properties of a liquid by the addition of 
 another, less powerful or active: Ex. Cou- 
 per du lait, F., lac aqua commiscere, L., 
 milch mit wasser vermischen, G., to dilute 
 milk with water. COUPE, adj., dilutus, 
 L. Bouillon coupe, weak broth. 
 
 COUPEHOSE, s. f., calcanthum, n. (quasi 
 
 cupri rosa), L., kupferrauch, n. G., 
 
 copperas : a term applied, by the ancient 
 chemists, to different metallic sulphates. 
 Thus, the deuto-sulphates of copper and 
 iron, and the proto-sulphate of zinc, see 
 SULFATE, bore, respectively, with them, 
 the names of couperose bleue, verte, et 
 blanche. . In Pathology, Couperose ou goutte- 
 rose, F., gutta rosea vel rosacea, L,.,__ 
 kupfer im gesicht, G. : a chronic affec- 
 tion of the integuments of the face, cha- 
 racterized by red and irregular pimples : 
 it constitutes a variety of the dartre pustu- 
 Icuse, herpes pustulosus, L,., of'Alibert. 
 See ACNE. COUPEHOSE, adj. : an epithet 
 applied to an individual, or portion of in- 
 tegument, suffering from gulta rosea. 
 
 COUFURE, s. f., caesura, incisio, f. L., 
 einschnitt, m. G.,^cut or gash: the po- 
 pular designation of a solution of continui- 
 ty, produced by a cutting-instrument. 
 
 COUHBARIL, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Hymencea ( Decandria monogyn. ; Leyumi- 
 nosce), L., der Heuschreckenbaum, G., 
 Locust-Tree, containing two exotic spe- 
 cies ; from the trunk and branches of one 
 of which, courb. de Cayenne, the resi- 
 nous substance, called gum ANIME, ex- 
 udes ; the COURBARINE, s. f., courbari- 
 na, f. L., of Guibourt. 
 
 COURBATURE, s. f., acerba lassitude, 
 F., herzschlachtigkeit, f. G.: in Patho- 
 logy, the condition of an individual who, 
 after inordinate exertion, experiences ob- 
 tuse pains in the limbs and lumbar region ; 
 followed by a sense of lassitude and gene- 
 ral debility, slight pyrexia, anorexy, head- 
 ache, and watchfulness. These symptoms 
 commonly subside in a few hours; and 
 rarely continue more than two or three 
 days. COURBATU, COURBATUBE, adj. : 
 suffering from Courbature.
 
 cou 
 
 COURBE, adj., curvus, curvatus (incur- 
 vus, bent inwards, recurvatus, bent out- 
 wards), L., gekriimmt,G., curved, bent: 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to parts or 
 organs of plants, which deviate, in their di- 
 rection, from the straight line; as the 
 prickles, aiguillons courbes, of Rosa mus- 
 cosa ; the fruit, le pepon, of Cucumis 
 flexuosus ; and the leaves of Dicranum cur- 
 vatum : in Anatomy, to the two prominent 
 ridges, ligne courbe superieure et inferi- 
 eure, exhibited by the posterior surface 
 of the occipital bone. 
 
 COURBURE, s. f., curvamen, n., curva- 
 tura, f. L., xaffx-vZ.orv;, kriimmung, f. 
 G., curvature : the disposition of a sur- 
 face or line, whereby it assumes, more or 
 less, the figure of an arch. Such, in Ana- 
 tomy, are the natural curvatures of the 
 vertebral column, the duodenum, and sto- 
 mach. In Pathology, the curvature of 
 bones, la courbure des os, F., die krum- 
 mung der knochen, G., is ordinarily the 
 result of a solution of continuity, or of 
 a softening of then* structure from rachi- 
 tis. See KACHITISME. 
 
 COURGE, s. f.: a genus in Botany, Cu- 
 curbita ( Monoecia, monadelph. : Cucurbita- 
 cete), L., der Kiirbiss, G., Gourd, 
 containing several species. They are an- 
 nual plants ; remarkable for the great 
 size of the fruit which they produce ; and 
 originally introduced from the warmer re- 
 gions of India and Africa, into America 
 and Europe. The following species are, 
 from their alimentary, medicinal, or econo- 
 minal properties, the most worthy of enu- 
 meration : 1. C. lagenaria, der flaschen- 
 kiirbiss, G., bottle-gourd, its /'/, the 
 common calabash, calebasse commune, F., 
 edible in an unripe state, and converti- 
 ble, when emptied of the pulp, which is 
 bitter, purgative, and may be employed as 
 a substitute for colocynth, into vessels 
 wherein liquids may be preserved : 2. C. 
 pepo, potiron, F., der runde kiirbiss, - 
 pompion or pumpkin ; fruit acquiring 
 Sometimes an enormous size, and affording 
 a very delicate article of diet ; as do those 
 of C. aurantiaca and verrucosa : 3. C. melo- 
 pepo, turkenbund, m. G., squash ; and 
 4. C. ciirullus, cilrouille, pasteque, ou melon 
 eTeau, F., wassermelone, f. G., water- 
 melon, respectively eulogized for their 
 savoury and refrigerant qualities. The 
 tops of all the species of the Cucurbita ge- 
 nus, which produce edible fruit, constitute, 
 like those of the Cucumis, when boiled, an 
 excellent substitute for greens. 
 
 COURLIS, s. m. : a genus, in Ornitholo- 
 gy, Numenius ( Grallatores, Temm. ; E'- 
 
 chassiers, rampholites, Cuv.), L,., der 
 
 Brachvogel, G-, Curlew, containing 
 
 two European species : 1. N. arquata, 
 grand courlis cendre, der grosse brachvog- 
 
 170 
 
 COU 
 
 el, common curlew : and 2. JV. Phceo- 
 
 pus, c. corlieu, ou le petit c., regenbrach- 
 vogel, whimbrel or lesser curlew. The 
 flesh of both is edible, and was formerly 
 much prized for its dietetic properties 
 See Werner, Atlas des Oiseaux d' 'Europe, 
 Livr. 29, pL iv. v. 
 
 COURONNANT, adj.. coronans, L., 
 
 crowning : an epithet applied, in Botany, 
 to bracteas, when they form a crown, coro- 
 na, L., which surmounts the flower, as 
 in fritillaria imperialis, crown-imperial ; 
 to leaves, when terminating the stem and 
 its branches, as in the Palmes ; and to the 
 nectary, when it crowns the ovary, as in 
 the Synanthera. 
 
 COURONNE, s. , corona, f. L., kranz, 
 m., krone, f. G., crown : a term employ- 
 ed, in Human and Comparative Anatomy, 
 and Zoology, to designate divers organs, 
 or parts, rudiments, or appendages, of or- 
 gans, which exhibit a circular form, or by 
 which others are circumscribed, encircled, 
 or surmounted ; as 1. the ciliary crown, 
 cour. ciliaire, F., corona ciliaris, I..., cili- 
 arkrone, G., a synonym of the ciliary li- 
 gament, see CILIAIRE : 2. the crown of 
 the teeth, c. des dents, corona dentium, 
 that portion of the organs of mastication 
 which protrudes from the gum : 3. the 
 nearly circular ridge, c. du gland, coro- 
 na glandis, which surrounds the base of 
 the glans penis : 4. the lower part of the 
 pastern of the horse ; and the smaller pas- 
 tern, coronary or eroww-bone, os de cou- 
 ronne, see CORONAIRE, the second pha- 
 langeal, deuaneme phalangien, of Girard ; 
 the cannon-bone representing the meta- 
 tarsus, and the pastern- and coffin-bone, 
 the first and third phalanges of the human 
 foot. 5. The rudiment of the horn in the 
 young deer, the down which surrounds 
 the base of the beak in the Rapaces, and 
 the tuft of feathers which adorns the head 
 of certain other birds, as the Secretary, 
 Falco serpentarius, and Peacock, Pavo cris- 
 tatus, are also, by zoologists, designated 
 the crown. 
 
 In Pathology, the term, c. de Venus, 
 corona Veneiis, is applied to the red, in- 
 durated, rounded pustules venusbliitchen, 
 G., dry or humid ; which sometimes oc- 
 cupy the human face, especially the fore- 
 head and temples, and are regarded as of 
 syphilitic origin. In Surgery, the circular 
 saw of the trephine is named the crown, 
 c. de trepan, F., die trepanfrro7*<?, G. 
 
 Lastly, in Botany, the separate or unit- 
 ed appendages, paracorolla, f. L., which 
 surmount the throat of the corolla, in Nar- 
 cissus, and the interior of the perigone, in 
 Passijlora, are distinguished by the term, 
 crown, schlundArone, G.: and certain spe- 
 cies of the genera, Fritillaria. Melilotus, 
 and Glechoma, (couronne imperiale, royale
 
 cou 
 
 de lerre) are, from their peculiarity of 
 structure or appearance, thus designated 
 in popular language. 
 
 COURONNE", adj., coronatus, L., be- 
 kranzt, G., crowned: an epithet applied, 
 in Zoology and Botany, to animals and 
 plants,OT their organs or appendages, which 
 exhibit a crown-like figure or disposition. 
 
 COURONNEMENT, s. m., corona, f. L., 
 kronung, f. G. : in Obstetrics, the cir- 
 cumference of the vaginal orifice of the 
 uterus ; which, at a certain period of the 
 process of parturition, encircles, like a 
 crown, the child's head. Hence, la tfte est 
 au couronnement, is a familiar expression 
 among the midwives of France. de la 
 femme : in popular language, vulvae labia, 
 L., die ausserste offhung der weiblichen 
 scham, G. 
 
 COURS de Venire, s. m., v\.v'ifluxus, m. 
 L., bauch/ftm, m. G., looseness of the 
 bowels: a term, in Pathology, synon. with 
 DEVOIEMENT, and DIARRHEE. 
 
 COURT, adj., fya%v;, brevis, L.., 
 
 kurz, G., short : an epithet applied, by 
 Anatomists, A. to certain bones, which, as 
 those of the carpus, tarsus, and vertebral 
 column, exhibit little diversity of admea- 
 surement in length, breadth, and thick- 
 ness : and B. to various muscles and blood- 
 vessels, in order to distinguish them from 
 others ; which, differing only in length, 
 have nearly the same denomination. Of 
 the former, the following may be enume- 
 rated, as the principal ; arranged accord- 
 ing to the extremities and regions which 
 they severally occupy : a. Short muscles of 
 the thoracic limb : 1. Muscle court petite- 
 radial, ou second radial externe (e'picondylo- 
 sus-me'tacarpien, Ch.), F., extensor carpi 
 radialis6m>!'or,L., kurzer ausserer speich- 
 enmuskel, G. ; 2. le court supinateur, supi- 
 nator radii brevis, kurzer ruckwartsdreh- 
 er ; 3. le court abducteur du pouce.-^&bduu- 
 tor brevis pollicis manus, kurzer abzieh- 
 er des daumens ; 4. le court extenseur du 
 pouce, extensor brevis primi internodii 
 pollicis manus, kurzer ausstrecker des 
 daumens; 5. le court flechisseur du pouce, 
 flexor brevis pollicis manus, kurzer beug- 
 er des daumens ; 6. le palmaire cutane, 
 palmaris brevis, hohlhandmuskel ; ? le 
 court flechisseur du petit doiat, flexor brevis 
 parvus minimi digiti, Jcurzer beuger 
 des kleinen fingers, b. Short muscles of the 
 pelvic limb: 8. le court peronier lateral, 
 (grand perone'o-sus-metatarsien, Ch.), F., 
 peroneus brevis, L., kurzer wadenbein- 
 muskel, G. ; 9. le court extenseur commun 
 des orteils, extensor brevis digitorum pe- 
 dis, kurzer ausstrecker der zehen ; 10. 
 le court extenseur du gros orteil, extensor 
 brevis hallucis, vel pollicis pedis, kurzer 
 ausstrecker der grossen zehe, usually de- 
 scribed as a portion of the preceding mus- 
 
 171 
 
 COU 
 
 cle; 11. le court flechisseur des orleils,. 
 flexor brevis digitorum pedis, kurzer beug- 
 er der zehen"; 12. le court flechisseur du 
 
 gros orteil, flexor brevis pollicis pedis, 
 
 kurzer beuger der grossen zehe ; and 13. 
 le court flechisseur du petit orteil, flexor 
 brevis minimi digiti pedis, kurzer beuger 
 der kleinen zehe. To these may be added 
 the short heads of the Triceps extensor , 
 and of the Biceps flexor cubiti, in the tho- 
 racic , and of the Triceps adductor femoris, 
 and the Biceps flexor cruris, in the pelvic ex-> 
 tremity. See the Articles, ABDUCTEUR, 
 BICEPS, EXTENSEUR, FLECHISSEUH, SU- 
 PINATEUR, RADIAL, TRICEPS: and, for 
 an account of the short vessels, vaisseaux 
 courtes, F., SPLENO-GASTRIQUE. 
 
 COURTE-HALEINE, s. f., anhelatio, re- 
 spiratio brevis, f. I*, enbriistigkeit, f. G., 
 short breathing: a vulgar synonym of 
 DYSPNEE. 
 
 COUSIN, s. m. : a genus, in Entomology, 
 Culex ( Diptera, Culitida, Latr.), L., the 
 
 Gnat, comprizing many species ; the 
 
 principal of which, C. pipiens, le cousin 
 commun, F., KUVU^, ipvis, die miicke, 
 G., common gnat, is everywhere noto- 
 rious, from the annovance of which the 
 puncture of the female is productive to 
 man and the lower animals. The mode 
 of oviposition, and the transformations, of 
 this insect are very remarkable. Other 
 species, as C. annulatus, pulicaris, and rep- 
 tans, are sources of still greater annoyance 
 than the preceding : and the celebrated 
 scourge of the western continent, the Mous- 
 tique of French, and Mosquito of Spanish 
 writers, is a larger species of Culex, or va- 
 riety of the C. pipiens. 
 
 COUSSINET, s. m., pulvillus, m., par- 
 vum pulvinar, n. L., kleines kiissen oder 
 polster, G.,^ a small cushion or bolster : 
 in Surgery, a bag filled with feathers, hair, 
 wool, saw^dust, or oat-chaff; and varying, 
 in size and figure, according to the purpose 
 for which it is intended. In general, it is 
 employed to support wounded or diseased 
 parts, when confined long to one posture. 
 A variety, named remplissaae, F., is in- 
 terposed, in fractures, between the injured 
 limb and splints, in order to fill up ine- 
 qualities of surface, and protect from bruise 
 or excoriation the projecting points, of 
 the former. 
 
 COUTEAU, s. m., pa%aia, culter, cul- 
 tellus, m. L., messer, n. G., knife : in 
 Surgery, a cutting-instrument employed 
 for the division of the soft, and sometimes 
 even the harder parts of the animal body. 
 The knife differs from the bistoury, see 
 BISTOURI, in being, ordinarily, of larger 
 size, and fixed to the handle : it varies, 
 however, in figure and dimensions, accord- 
 ing to the precise purpose which it is de- 
 stined to serve. The following is an enu-
 
 cou 
 
 meration of the principal varieties of knife 
 at present employed in Surgery : Couleau 
 a amputation, F., amputation-knife ; a 
 cataracte, ceratotomus, m. L., kerato- 
 tom, n. G., cataract-knife ; a crochet, 
 cultellus uncus, crochet, employed to 
 emptv the foetal cranium of its contents, 
 in difficult parturition ; d deux tranch- 
 ans, anceps cultellus, L., zwei-schneid- 
 
 iges messer, G., two-edgtd knife ; 
 
 courbe, culter curvus, falcatus, I.,., ge- 
 bogenes messer, G., curved knife ; de 
 Cheselden, the short knife, very convex on 
 the edge, and concave on the back, em- 
 ployed, by the celebrated surgeon whose 
 name it bears, in lithotomy ; disarticu- 
 lateur de Larrey, inter-osseux, same as the 
 two-edged, and employed, by Larrey, in 
 amputation at the joints ; droit, cul- 
 ter rectus, Ij., das gerade messer, G., 
 straight knife, used in amputations ; en 
 serpette, an instrument exhibiting the 
 figure of a pruning-knife, serpette, F., 
 and invented, by Desault, for cutting a- 
 way the osseous paries of the maxillary 
 sinus, in order to extract fungous tumours 
 which may be developed there : lenti- 
 
 culaire, culter lenticularis, L,., a short 
 
 thick knife, convex on one side, plane on 
 the other; furnished with two cutting 
 edges, and employed in removing the ine- 
 qualities which sometimes remain on the 
 circumference of the orifice made in the 
 bones of the cranium, in the operation of 
 the trephine; lilholome, lithotomus, 
 m. L., das steinmesser, lithotom, n. G., 
 the long straight-bladed knife, used by 
 Foubert, in the lateral operation of litho- 
 tomy ; pour la rescision des amygdales, 
 cultellus tonsillarum excisorius, L., 
 a knife invented, by Caque', for the remo- 
 val of enlarged tonsils. 
 
 COUTURE, s. f.: in Pathology, a very 
 
 conspicuous scar, cicatrix, fl L., see 
 
 CICATRICE, consequent upon pustule, 
 
 wound, or ulceration : in Operative Sur- 
 gery, a suture, see SUTURE. COUTURE, 
 adj. : an epithet applied, in Pathology, to 
 an individual disfigured by the cicatrices 
 of wounds or pustules : Visage couture par 
 la petite-verole, F., a face seamed, or pit- 
 ted, with the small-pox. 
 
 COUTURIER, s. m. : in Anatomy, one of 
 the femoral muscles, (ilio-pretibial, Ch.), 
 musculus sartorius, L,., der schneider- 
 muskel, G. ; attached, above, to the ante- 
 rior superior spine of the ilium, below, 
 to the internal part of the superior extre- 
 mity of the tibia. It derives the singular 
 designation of tailor's muscle from its ac- 
 tion; which consists in placing the lower 
 extremity in the attitude invariably ob- 
 served by the tailor, in his degrading oc- 
 cupation. 
 
 COUVERT, adj., tectus, obtectus, oc- 
 
 172 
 
 COX 
 
 cultatus, L., bedeckt, verdeckt, G., co- 
 vered, concealed : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to fiuit when enveloped and con- 
 cealed, as in Physalls, by the loose and 
 persistent calyx: in Zoology, to the wings 
 of insects when entirely concealed beneath 
 the elytra. 
 
 COUVRE-CHEF, s. m., cucullus, m., 
 fasciatio cucullata, f. L., kopf hiille, eine 
 chirurgische hauptbinde, f. G.: in Surge- 
 ry, a bandage applied to the head for the 
 retention of dressings. Two varieties of 
 this bandage are distinguished by French 
 surgeons: 1. le grand couvre-chef, ou la 
 serviette en carre, cucullus major, L. ; 
 and 2. le petite , ou le mouchoir en trian- 
 gle, cucullus minor. 
 
 COXAGRE, s. f, coxagra, f. L. Synon. 
 with COXAI.GIE. 
 
 COXAL, adj., coxalis (coxa, haunch or 
 hip), L. : an epithet, in Anatomy, applied 
 by Chaussier, to the haunch or hip-bone, 
 os coxal, des hanches, des ties, iliaque, 
 innomine, F., os coxae, ilii, innomina- 
 tum, L., hiiftbein, das ungennante bein, 
 n. G. ; composed, in early life, of three 
 distinct pieces, see ILION, ISCHION, Pu- 
 BIS ; each developed by one principal and 
 several minor points of ossification. These 
 pieces unite in the cotyloid cavity, to the 
 formation of which they contribute in dif- 
 ferent proportions ; and constitute, in 
 the adult, one bone. The os innomina- 
 tum, articulated anteriorly with its fellow 
 bone, posteriorly, with the sacrum, and 
 with the femur, below, occupies the ante- 
 rior and lateral parts of the pelvis : and, 
 if the Gemini are regarded as two, and 
 the Triceps adductor Jemo>is,a.s a single 
 muscle, each bone affords points of attach- 
 ment to thirty-five muscles. 
 
 COXALGIE, s. f., coxalgia, f. L. (a bar- 
 barous compound of the Latin, coxa, 
 haunch, with the Greek, a^yas, pain), 
 huftweh, n. G., pain in the hip: in Pa- 
 thology, an affection almost invariably 
 symptomatic of rheumatism, gout, in- 
 flammation, or organic lesion, of the hip- 
 joint. COXALGIQUE ? adj., coxalgicus, 
 
 -L., an coxalgie leidend, G., coxalgic : 
 
 suffering from coxalyy. By some Latin 
 writers, it has been proposed to apply the 
 term, Coxitis, s. f., coxite, fl ? F., to ac- 
 tive inflammation, hitzige entzundung 
 des hiiftgelenkes, G., of the hip-joint. 
 
 COXARTHROCACE, s. f. ( ' coxa, the hip, 
 ei^cat, joint, XKKOS, faulty) : in Patholo- 
 gy, caries of the coxo-femoral articulation. 
 
 " COXO-FKMORAI., adj., coxo-femoralis, 
 
 L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to the 
 articulation, art. coxo-femorale, F., hiift- 
 gelenke, G., formed by the reception of 
 the head of the femoral into the cotyloid 
 cavity of the hip- or coxal bone. This ar- 
 ticulation, designated, also, the illo-femoral,
 
 CRA 
 
 ilio-fcmorale, F., is maintained bv a 
 very strong capsular ligament extending 
 from the circumference of the cotyloid ca- 
 vity to the neck of the femur ; by a round 
 inter-articular ligament, which passes from 
 the cotyloid notch, to be inserted into a 
 depression in the summit of the head of 
 the femur ; and by the fibro-cartilaginous 
 rim, seeCoTYi.o'iDE, which tips the mar- 
 gin of the acetabulum, and converts the 
 notch into a foramen. 
 
 CBABE, s. m. : a genus of Marine Crus- 
 tacea, Cancer ( Malacostraca, Decapoda, 
 Cuv., Podophlhalma, Leach), I,., der 
 krebs, G., the Crab, comprizing many- 
 species ; the body and ten limbs of which 
 are covered with an articulated crust, an- 
 nually renewed. Two of these species, 
 C. mtenas, crabe ordinaire, F., xagxltof, 
 common crab, and C. pagurus, cr. tourteau 
 
 ou pouparl, rayaujaf, black-clawed 
 
 crab, or punger, aftord a grateful, nutriti- 
 ous, and stimulating aliment, greedily 
 sought after, but, in certain conditions ei- 
 ther of the animal itself, or of the indivi- 
 dual feeding on it, not always taken with 
 impunity ; and quite inadmissible in con- 
 gestive or inflammatory states or affec- 
 tions of the system. The calcareous co- 
 vering of the latter animal, which, like the 
 concretions obtained from the stomach of 
 a species of Astacus, consists principally 
 of carbonate of lime, with a minute pro- 
 portion of the phosphate and gelatine, 
 was formerly employed, in medicine, under 
 the title of crabs' -daws, Cancri paguri 
 chelae, L., die krebsscheeren, G., as an 
 antacid and absorbent. All the species, 
 which now constitute the genus, Astacus, 
 see E'CREVISSE, were originally ar- 
 ranged, by Naturalists, under Cancer. 
 
 CRABE, s. f. : in Pathology, excoriation 
 or ulceration of the palms of the hands 
 and soles of the feet; occurring as a symp- 
 tom of Fiambcesia. See Pi AN. 
 
 CRACHAT, s. m., o-TusXov, sputum, n. 
 L., auswurf, speichel, m. G., spitting, 
 spittle : the fluid ejected from the mouth 
 in the act of spitting out, or expectoration, 
 CRACHEMENT, s. m., exscreatio, f, L., 
 speyung, ausspeyen, n. G. It consists 
 of saliva, and of mucus secreted by the na- 
 sal, faucial, and laryngo-bronchial mem- 
 branes ; and is distinguished by various e- 
 pithets, according to the precise character 
 which it assumes ; as un aros muqueux 
 crachat,F., sputum crassum mucosum, 
 L., ein dicker speichel, G., thick mu- 
 cous spittle ; les crachats stries, spitting 
 streaked with biood ; sanguinolents, 
 offering an uniformly red colour ; pu- 
 rulents, consisting principally of pus ; 
 puriformes, exhibiting the appearance of 
 that fluid. One French writer, Chomel, 
 after illustrating, by Crachement de pus, 
 
 173 
 
 CRA 
 
 puris expuilio, L., the application of the 
 term to the spitting of pus which occurs in 
 phthisis, and vomica ; and to that of blood, 
 cr. de sang, " from whatever part of the 
 respiratory passages the hemorrhage may 
 proceed," asserts, with singular inconsis- 
 tency, that it ought, not to oe confounded 
 with expuition and expectoration : and ano- 
 ther anonymous author, while he defines 
 crachement as expulsion, from the mouth 
 only, of the contents of this cavity, acknow- 
 ledges that the expressions, cr. de pus, et 
 de sang, are sometimes employed as syn. 
 with phthisie pulmonavre^ vomique, ou he- 
 mopty.tie. CRACKER, v. a., expuere, spu- 
 tum edere, L., ausspeyen, to spit out : 
 Cracher du sang, sanguinem exscreare, 
 sputare, blut speyen, to spit blood. 
 
 CRACHOIR, s. m., speynapf, spucknapf, 
 m. G., a spitting-pot. 
 
 CRACHOTEMENT, s. m., sputatio fre- 
 quens, L.., ofteres ausspeyen, G., fre- 
 quent expuition or spitting : an uncleanly 
 habit, independent on any morbid condi- 
 tion, sometimes acquired by thoughtless 
 persons: in Pathology, a symptom often 
 attendant on delirium in the more danger- 
 ous forms of acute disease. 
 
 CRAIE, s. f., creta, f. L., kreide, f. G., 
 chalk : the popular designation of carbo- 
 nate of lime, see CARBONATE : Creta alba 
 vel preparata, L., weisse oder praparirte 
 kreide, G., white prepared chalk. 
 
 CRAMPE, s. f., a-sraa/taj, spasmus, m. 
 I.,., krampf, m. G., cramp or spasm : in 
 Pathology, a sudden, involuntary, and 
 most painful contraction of one or more 
 muscles, especially those of the lower 
 limbs, termed waderimuskelArawijo/, by 
 German writers. The more ordinary caus- 
 es of cramp are exhaustion or fatigue, 
 from inordinate exertion, or an unwonted 
 attitude, of the affected muscles. Some- 
 times, as in Colica pictonum and Cholera, 
 the affection is sympathetic of intestinal 
 torpor or irritation. Anodyne frictions 
 and the application of a tight bandage 
 around the suffering limb, constitute its 
 most effectual remedies. If, as frequent- 
 ly happens, spasm of the stomach, crampe 
 ef estomac, F., or of any other internal 
 organ or external member, arise from 
 spinal irritation or disease, nothing, but 
 attention to the source of the complaint, 
 can permanently remove, or avert, the 
 painful consequences. 
 
 CRAMPON, s. m., fulcrum, n. L.., 
 klammer, f. G. : in Botany, the designa- 
 tion of every appendage of the stem of 
 plants, which serves to fasten it to neigh- 
 bouring bodies ; without exhibiting a spi- 
 ral contortion like the tendril, or absorbing 
 nutriment, like the root. The stem of 
 the ivy, Hedera helix, affords a familiar il- 
 lustration of the fulcrum.
 
 CRA 
 
 CR.&NE, s. m., x^av/ov, cranium, n., 
 calva, calvaria, f. L., schadel, hirnschad- 
 el, m., hirnschale, f. G-., skull, brain-pan: 
 in Anatomy, the great ovoid cavity, occu- 
 pying the superior and posterior regions 
 of the head. It is destined, in the Verte- 
 brata, to enclose and protect the encepha- 
 lon ; and constituted, in Man, of the eight 
 following bones, see CRANIEN, articu- 
 lated together by numerous sutures, 
 hirnsch'ddelt'ufren, G. : 1 . the frontal bone, 
 le frontal, F., os frontis, L., stirn- 
 bein, G., situated anteriorly, see CORO- 
 NAL ; 2. the occipital, 1' occipital) os oc- 
 cipitis, hinterhauptsbein, posteriorly, 
 see OCCIPITAL ; 3. 4. the two parietal, 
 les parietaux, ossa parietalia, bregmatis, 
 scheitelbeine, laterally and above, 
 see PARIETAL ; 5. 6. the two temporal, 
 les temporaux, ossa temporum, schlafen- 
 beine, laterally and below, see TEM- 
 PORAL; 1. the sphenoid, le SPHENOIDE, 
 os sphenoides, keilbein, centrally and 
 below ; and 8., immediately anterior to 
 the preceding, the ethmoid, I'ETHMOIDE, 
 os ethmoides, siebbein. In addition 
 to these eight principal bones, may be e- 
 numerated the two cornets spheno'idaux, 
 see CORNET ; the eight ossicula auditus, 
 
 gehorknochen, G., see OSSELET; and 
 
 the small bones, as variable in figure as in 
 number, see WORMIEN, which fre- 
 quently occur in the sutures. The ante- 
 rior region of the skull is termed the fore- 
 head, sinciput, F. and L., vorderhaupt, 
 n. G. ; the posterior, hindhead, occiput, 
 hinterhaupt ; the superior, the crown of 
 the head, voute, F., vertex capitis, t, 
 bregma, n. L., scheitel, das oberste des 
 haupts, G. ; the lateral, the temples, les 
 tempes, tempora capitis, die schlafe am 
 haupte ; and the lower region, the base of 
 the skull, base du crane, basis cranii, 
 gehirnschadelgrundflache. The whole is 
 articulated, anteriorly and below, with the 
 facial bones, les os de la face, F., ossa 
 faciei, L., gesichtsknochen, G. ; and, pos- 
 teriorly ana below, by the two occipital 
 condyles, with the vertebral column, la 
 colonne vertebrate, columna vertebralis, 
 die wirbelsaule. For an account of the 
 variety of figure and dimensions exhibited 
 by the human Cranium, in individuals of 
 different nations, see Blumenbach, Collec- 
 tiones suce Craniorum diversarum Gentium, 
 &c., 4to. Goettingse, 1790 1826 ; and of 
 the relative proportions of the Cranium and 
 face in different animals, Lawrence, Lec- 
 tures on Physiology, Zoology, &c., p. 166. 
 London, 1819. 
 
 The Invertebrated Animals possess no 
 proper cranium. Lyonnet has, indeed, ap- 
 plied this term to the assemblage of so- 
 lid parts which constitute the head of In- 
 sects. Yet it is not in them, as in the Ver- 
 
 174 
 
 CRA 
 
 tebrata, the receptacle of a brain ; but or- 
 dinarily supports, or contains, the anten- 
 nae, the organs of vision, and the parts con- 
 nected, or furnished, with those of prehen- 
 sion, taste, and touch. In some of these 
 animals, as the Acephalous Mollusca, and 
 many of the Zoophytes, no distinct traces 
 of even a head can be detected. 
 
 CRANIEN, adj., cranianus, L. : an epi- 
 thet designative, in Anatomy and Physio- 
 logy, of anything relating to the cranium ; 
 as les os craniens, F., ossa cranii, L., ge- 
 hirnschadetknochen, G., the cranial bones, 
 see CRANE ; cavite cranienne, sch'ddel- 
 hohle, the cranial cavity : temperament 
 cranien, a constitution in which the cere- 
 bral influence predominates. 
 
 CRANIOLOGIE, s. f., craniologia, f. (*j- 
 /, the skull, x7j, a discourse), !>., 
 kraniologie, schadellehre, f. G., craniolo- 
 gy, doctrine of the skull : an exposition of 
 the inferences which may be drawn from 
 attentive examination of the prominences 
 exhibited by the external surface of the 
 cranium, relative to the propensities, mo- 
 ral dispositions, and intellectual faculties, 
 of an individual, according to the system 
 of Dr. Gall. Now regarded, by the Phre- 
 nologist, as a term of reproach. CRANIO- 
 LOGUE,? s.m., craniologus, n. L., krani- 
 olog, m. G., craniologist : one who prac- 
 tises : CRANIOLOGICIUE, adj., crani- 
 
 ologicus, kraniologisch, craniological, 
 
 pertaining to craniology. 
 
 CRANIOMETRIE, s. , craniometria, f. 
 (xjav/av, fiirgov, measure), L., kraniome- 
 tne, schadelmesskunst, f. G., craniome- 
 try : the art of determining the dimensions 
 of the cranial cavity on simple mathemati- 
 cal principles. 
 
 CRANIOPATHIE, s. f., craniopathia, f. 
 (same, and #d6os, disease), L., kraniopa- 
 thie, f., ein leiden des sch'ddels, G., a mor- 
 bid affection of the skull. 
 
 CRANIOSCOPIE, s. f., cranioscopia, f. 
 
 (same, and ffnafiu, I survey), L., Krani- 
 oscopia, f., die untersuchung des schad- 
 
 els, G., cranioscopy, inspection of the 
 
 cranium, as practised by Dr. Gall, die 
 Gall'sche kranioscopie, in order to ascer- 
 tain the peculiarities which it exhibits 
 with a view to phrenological inductions. 
 Hence, not synonymous with but rather 
 the means of acquiring a knowledge o_ 
 Craniology or Phrenology. CRANIOSCOPE, 
 s. m., cranioscopus, m. L., kranioscop, 
 m. G., cranioscopist : one who practises 
 cranioscopy. 
 
 CRANOLOGIE, s. f., cranologia, f. (jS- 
 VM, the head, xyaj, discourse), L., kra- 
 nologie, f. G., cranology : the term origi- 
 nally selected, by Dr. Gall, as designative 
 of his new physiological system of the 
 brain. Since commonly regarded as syn. 
 with CRANIOLOGIE.
 
 CRA 
 
 CRANSON, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cochlearia ( Tetradynamia, silicul. ; Cruci- 
 fercBj, L.., das Lotfelkraut, die Loffel- 
 kresse, G Scurvy Grass, containing se- 
 veral herbaceous and principally Europe- 
 an species. Genus nomen a cochlearis for- 
 ma" accipit, quam folia exhibent, L. 
 
 Two of the species are employed in Di- 
 et and Medicine: 1. Common Scurvy grass, 
 C. qfficinalis, herbe aux cuillers, F., ge- 
 meines loffelkraut ; a powerful antiscorbu- 
 tic ; frequently eaten as a salad ; and con- 
 stituting the basis of one French Officinal 
 Preparation, a Syrup, Syrupus de Coch- 
 learia officinali, Ph. Gall. : and several 
 German ; as a Conserve, Distilled Water, 
 Extract, Oil, and Spirit, Lbffelkrautcon- 
 serve, wasser, extract, 61, und 
 geist : and 2. Horse-radish, C. armoracia, 
 cran de Bretagne, moutarde des Allemands, 
 raifort, meerrettig, G.; the acrid and pun- 
 gent root of which is employed as a condi- 
 ment; possesses diuretic properties; and 
 forms the principal ingredient of the "Vi- 
 num Antiscorbuticum, and Syrupus de 
 Armoracia compositus, Ph. Gall. 
 
 CRANTERE, adj. (xga.7va, I complete), 
 complementary : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the posterior grinders or wis- 
 dom-teeth, el x^avrri^s, cranteres, denies 
 
 sapientise, L., die hintersten backen- 
 
 zahne, die weisheitsziihne, G., of the hu- 
 man jaw. 
 
 CRAPAUD, s. m. : in Zoology, a genus 
 
 of Batracian Reptiles, Bufo, L., die 
 
 Krote, G., the Toad, comprehending 
 several species, the inoffensive objects of 
 many vulgar prejudices and superstitions. 
 The flesh of the common toad, C. vulga- 
 ris ( Rana bufo, Linn.), le crapaud com- 
 mtin, F., (ffvvoj, is almost invariably 
 substituted, in Paris, as an article of diet, 
 for that of the frog; and accounted equal- 
 ly delicate and nutritious. By the ne- 
 groes in Africa and America, it is habi- 
 tually consumed. As a pharmaceutical re- 
 medy, it has, long since, fallen into merit- 
 ed neglect. 
 
 CRAPULE, s. f., xam-aXj, crapula, f. 
 Li., rausche, m., das kopfweh nach dem 
 rausche, G., surfeit, headache produced 
 by a surfeit. 
 
 CRASE, s. f. xgao-is (xsgawtyt/, I mingle), 
 crasis, f. L mischung, f. G mixture, 
 especially of the humours, cr. des hu- 
 meurs, F., -die mischung der safte, G. ; or 
 of the constituent parts of a fluid, cr. du 
 sang, wasis sanguinis, L. Employed, by 
 some authors, as synon. with temperament 
 and complexion. 
 
 CRATERE, s. m., x^arrio, crater, m. 
 
 Ij. : a drinking-cup among the ancient Ro- 
 mans, and especially a large goblet where- 
 in wine and water were commingled, eine 
 trinkschale bey den altern Romern, und 
 
 175 
 
 CRE 
 
 besonders ein grosser becker in welchem 
 man den wein mit wasser mischte, G. : al- 
 so, the superior orifice, crater, of a burn- 
 ing (volcanic) mountain, die obere offh- 
 ung eines feuerspeienden berges. 
 
 CRAVEUX, adj., cretaceus, L., kreid- 
 ig, G., cretaceus, chalky, pertaining to 
 chalk : Acide crayeux, F., the name giv- 
 en, by Keir, to carbonic acid ; sol crayeux, 
 a chalky soiL 
 
 CREMASTER, s. m., xfi/^ccerrrig (xgipt.au, 
 I suspend) : a term employed, in Anato- 
 my, to a delicate fasciculus of muscular 
 fibres, muscle cremaster, F., cremaster, 
 L., der hodenmuskel, hebemuskel der 
 hoden, G., by which the human testis is 
 suspended, and occasionally drawn up 
 Proceeding from its origin in the abdomen, 
 it traverses the opening in the external 
 oblique muscle; and continuing down the 
 spermatic chord, is insensibly lost upon the 
 tunica vaginalis testis. The cremaster does 
 not exist in the foetus : it is formed by the 
 lower fibres of the internal oblique mus- 
 cle; which adhere to the gubernaculum tes- 
 tis, and are dragged down with it, through 
 the abdominal ring, on the descent of the 
 organ into the scrotum. 
 
 CREME, s., cream : the thick, unctu- 
 ous, yellow-white substance, flos lactis, 
 L., milchraAm, m. G., which, composed 
 of serum, butter, and the caseous princi- 
 ple, rises on the surface of milk, when left 
 to rest, at the ordinary temperature. 
 
 In Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1. Crime 
 de chaux, F., cremor calcis, L., the deli- 
 cate pellicle of sub-carbonate of lime, which 
 forms on the surface of an aqueous solution 
 of oxide of calcium (lime-water) when ex- 
 posed to the atmospheric air ; 2. de sou- 
 fre, see LAIT de soufre ; 3. de tarlre, 
 cremor tartari, L., weinsteinraAwz, G., 
 cream of tartar, the vulgar name of the a- 
 cidulous tartrate, or supertartrate, of po- 
 tass, tartrate acidule, ou surtartrate, de po- 
 
 tasse, F., supertartras potassa?, L.., 
 
 saures weinsteinsaures kali oder kalium- 
 oxyd, G. In Dietetics, crime d'orge, de 
 riz, a jelly composed of the farina of bar- 
 ley or rice ; and frequently administered, 
 as a restorative, to convalescents. 
 
 CREMNONCOSE, s. , cremnoncus, m. 
 L.., eine geschwullst der schaamlippen, 
 G. : tumor labiorum vulva muliebris. 
 
 CREMOCARPE, s. m., cremocarpium, 
 
 cremocarpon, n. (xgifiauu, I suspend, xa.%- 
 JT'OS, fruit) : a term applied, by Mirbel, to 
 the fruit of the Umbelliferts, die samen 
 der schirmpflanzen, G. ; synon. with the 
 Carpadele, carpadelium, n. L., of Des- 
 vaux, and the Polachene, polachena, f. L., 
 
 doldenfrucht, G., of Richard The 
 
 fruit is, here, incorporated with the ca- 
 lyx, and divided into two indehiscent mo- 
 nospermal cells which remain, for some
 
 CRE 
 
 time, suspended, by their summit, to a 
 slender central axis. 
 
 CRENULURE, s. f., crena, crenatura, f. 
 Li., kerbzahn, m. G. : in Botany and Zoo- 
 logy, a division, in the form of an obtuse 
 or rounded tooth, exhibited by the border 
 of the leaves, or by other parts of plants, 
 or of animals, see CRENE : in Anatomy, 
 
 the minute teeth, denticuli, Li., with 
 
 which the margins of the cranial bones are 
 furnished, in order, by their union, to con- 
 stitute the sutures: in Surgery, the groove, 
 gouttiere, F., formed in a blunt , and 
 destined to act as a guide in directing the 
 course of a cutting-instrument. 
 
 CRENE, CRENELE, CRENULE, adj., cre- 
 natus, crenulatus, L., gekerbt, kerbzahn- 
 ig, G., crenated, crunulated: an epithet 
 applied, generally, in Botany, to organs 
 or parts of plants which exhibit, on their 
 borders, numerous minute rounded teeth, 
 separated by acute angles, see CRENU- 
 LURE ; as the petals of Dianthus caryophyl- 
 latus ; the stigma of Crocus salivus ; the 
 androphore of Gomphraena globosa ; the 
 leaves of Betonica officinalis and Glechoma 
 hederacea ; and, specifically, to plants 
 themselves, as Pathos crenata, which 
 possess such character : in Zoology, to the 
 parts or organs of certain Insects, as the 
 corselet or wings, which offer a crenulated 
 margin; and, specifically, to divers animals 
 whose organs, as the nasal membrane of the 
 Phyllostoma crenulata a species of bat, or 
 whose testaceous coverings, as those of Tro- 
 chus crenularis and Venus crenulata, among 
 the marine Mollusca, exhibit a crenulated 
 border, or crenulated striae. 
 
 CREPITATION, s. f., crepitatio, f. (ere- 
 pilare, to crackle), L.., knarren, knacken, 
 n. G. : in Chemistry, the noise emitted by 
 certain bodies, as salts, when thrown upon 
 the fire : in Surgery, the peculiar impres- 
 sion, or sound, conveyed to the organ of 
 touch, and frequently to the ear, on caus- 
 ing a movement among the fragments of a 
 broken bone. 
 
 CREPITANT, adj., crepitans, L. : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Pathology, to the pecu- 
 liar sound, rale crepitant, F., heard dur- 
 ing respiration in the first stage of Pneu- 
 monia, and in oedema of the lungs ; from 
 the analogy which exists between it and 
 the sound emitted by the healthy organ 
 on pressure with the finger : in Zoology, 
 employed as the specific designation of a 
 
 Bird, (Edicnemus crepitans, (Edicneme 
 
 criard, F., lerchengraue regenpfeifer, 
 
 grosser brachvogel, G., Stone-Curlew, 
 belonging to the Grallalores, on account 
 of its peculiar cry ; and to an Insect of the 
 Brachinus genus, see BRACHYN, from 
 the sound which it emits, when menaced 
 or assailed. 
 
 CREPU, adj., crispus, L., kraus, G., 
 
 176 
 
 CRE 
 
 crisp or frizzled: an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to parts or organs of plants, which 
 are undulated at the borders, and exhibit, 
 on their surface, numerous minute wrin- 
 kles ; as the leaves of Arabia crispata, and 
 Malva crispa ; the sepals of Clematis cris- 
 pa ; and the petals of Pterocarpus crispa- 
 tus : in Zoology, to the naturally crisp or 
 frizzled hair, les cheveux crepus, F., of 
 the negro ; and to the reticulated shells, 
 
 coquilles crepues, of certain Testaceous 
 
 Mollusca ; as Venus reticulata. 
 
 CREPUSCULE, s. m., crepusculum, n. 
 L., dammerung, f. G., twilight. The 
 space of time which intervenes between 
 night and sunrise, is designated the morn- 
 ing-twiliffht, le crepuscule du matin, ou au- 
 rore, of French, the Sj;X ty'iy, of Greek, 
 and morgendammerung, morgenrothe, of 
 German writers; its commencement, day- 
 break, aube ou point du jour, F., dilucu- 
 lum, L.., tagesanbruch, G. : and crepus- 
 cule du soir, Ss/x>) !*/>, abendrfamwzer- 
 ung, abendrothe, or evening-twilight, 
 that which elapses between sunset and the 
 fall of night. The extreme limit of astro- 
 nomical twilight appears to be determined 
 by the descent of the sun eighteen degrees 
 below the horizon ; but the civil twilight is 
 of much shorter duration : it commences, 
 by the vulgar calculation, at the moment 
 when an individual can no longer pursue 
 his occupation, in the house, without the 
 aid of artificial light ; and terminates when 
 the smaller stars are discernible with the 
 naked eye. CREPUSCULAIRE, adj., cre- 
 puscularis, L., crepuscular: an epithet 
 applied to divers animals which issue from 
 their retreat on the approach of evening- 
 twilight; as many species of the Owl-tribe, 
 among Birds ; and one in particular, the 
 Noctua crepuscularis, among Insects. From 
 this peculiarity of habit, in fact, Natural- 
 ists have been led to distinguish a family 
 of the Order, Lepidoptera, by the term, 
 CREPUSCULAIRES, s. f., pi., F., Crepuscu- 
 laria, L. It comprehends, in Stephen's 
 arrangement, the Zygeenida, Sphingidte, 
 Sesiida, and (Egerndae, the comparatively 
 few species, which, constituting the genus, 
 Sphinx, of Linnreus, fly, principally, at 
 twilight. 
 
 CRESSON, s. m. : in Botany, the popular 
 designation of the Genus, Cardamine, pre- 
 viously to the introduction of that scien- 
 tific term into the French language : also, 
 the vulgar name of several plants reputed 
 to possess antiscorbutic properties ; as Cres- 
 son alenois, F., Lepidium salivum, L., die 
 gartenArmse, G., garden-cress ; aqua- 
 tique, ou defontaine, Sisymbrium nas- 
 turtium, wasserAwme, water-cress ; 
 
 <f Inde, TropoBolum ma jus, Indianische 
 kresse, Indian cress ; de Para, Spi- 
 lanthes oleraceus, esculent Spilanthes ;
 
 CRE 
 
 and sauvage,Cocklearia coronopus, (Cor- 
 onopus Ruellii, Sm.), common wart-cress. 
 
 CRETE, s. , crista, f. L., A.a<ps, 
 kamm, m. G., crest : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the projections of divers bones: 
 as 1. Crete de fethmdide, F., crista galii 
 ossis ethmoidei, L., hahnenA-am de sieb- 
 beins, G., the cock's-crest process of the 
 ethmoid bone ; 2. iliaque, ou de fos 
 des lies, crista ossis ilii, darmbeinAramm, 
 
 the crest, or superior border, of the 
 
 iliac portion of the os innominatum ; 3. 
 du tibia, crista angulus anterior os- 
 sis tibiae, crest spine anterior ridge 
 of the leg-bone. Winslow has, moreover, 
 applied to the labia minora of the female 
 organs, the designation of Cretes du clito- 
 ris, F cristce clitoridis, L. seeNysiPHE ; 
 and Chaussier, that of Crete urethrale, to 
 the Capul gallinaginis of the male urethra, 
 see VERUMONTANUAI. 
 
 In Zoology, to the fleshy caruncle 
 which adorns the head of the domestic 
 cock, and the tuft of the lapwing, and o- 
 ther birds ; to the nuchal appendage of 
 certain serpents; the membrane which 
 runs along the back of divers Saurian 
 Reptiles, especially the guana, see IGUANE; 
 and to an eminence which divides longi- 
 tudinally the frontal region of some fishes, 
 as the Coryphence : in Botany, a peculiar 
 organ of the Graminece: in Geology, the 
 summit or ridge of a mountain or moun- 
 tain-chain. CRETE, adj., cristatus, L., 
 crested : an epithet applied to animals 
 which are furnished with a crest; as Cavia 
 cristata, among the Mammifera ; Fulica 
 cristata, among Birds ; and Acridium cris- 
 tatum, Insects : or marked by a distinct- 
 ly elevated rib or ridge, as Strombus cris- 
 tatus, among the Testaceous Mollusca. 
 
 CHETES, s. f. pL, Cretes de Cog, ve- 
 
 neriennes, cristse, L., kammformige 
 
 fleischgewachse, G.: in Pathology, excre- 
 scences, of syphilitic origin, resembling, 
 in figure and appearance, the cock's comb ; 
 and ordinarily developed around the anus, 
 vulva, and base of the glans penis. 
 
 CRETIN, s. m. : in Pathology, an indi- 
 vidual affected with cretinism, CRETIN- 
 AGE, ou CRETINISME, s. m. : a disease en- 
 demic in the deeper vallies of different 
 mountainous regions ; and characterized 
 by extreme moral degradation, and de- 
 fective configuration of certain portions 
 of the brain. This affection is hereditary; 
 and may be developed in the children of 
 parents suffering from bronchocele. Re- 
 sidence in the lowest ranges of the Alpine 
 valleys, where the air does not circulate 
 freely, is apparently the principal cause 
 of Cretinism. To this may be added ha- 
 bitual neglect of cleanliness, and a crowd- 
 ed condition and humidity of the dwelling- 
 houses. By some authors, it has, without 
 
 177 
 
 CRI 
 
 sufficient evidence, been attributed to the 
 dietetic employment of snow-water, and 
 the abuse of alcoholic liquids. Several 
 varieties of Cretinism have been distin- 
 guished by writers. That which origi- 
 nates from malformation, is obviously in- 
 curable. Prevention consists in properly 
 ventilating, and rendering more dry, the 
 habitations of the poor ; in cutting down 
 plantations, and draining stagnant waters; 
 and especially in removing children from 
 situations in which the disease is endemic. 
 The frequent co-existence of Cretinism 
 with Bronchocele is a remarkable circum- 
 stance in the history of these affections. 
 See GOITRE. 
 
 CREUSET, s. m., catinus, caliculus fu- 
 sorius, m. L., schmelztiegel, m. G., 
 crucible or melting-pot : in Chemistry, a 
 vessel, of earth or metal, more capacious 
 at the fundus than at the orifice; and des- 
 tined to contain substances which require 
 a very elevated temperature for their fu- 
 sion or calcination. The aperture is some- 
 times closed by a distinct piece, termed, in 
 French, le couvercle. 
 
 CREUX, s. m., xo/Xayta, cavum, n. L., 
 hohle, f. G., hollow : a term applied, 
 in Anatomy, to different parts of the hu- 
 man body which exhibit a slight concavity 
 or depression ; as the hollow, or pit, of the 
 stomach, creux de restamac, ou Vepigastre, 
 F., epigastrium, n. L.; the hollow of the 
 axilla, or arm-pit, le cr. de Faisselle, F., 
 achselgrube, f. G. ; and the hollow, or 
 palm, of the hand, le en, ou la paume, de 
 la main, F., maniis concavum, vola, L., 
 die hohle der hand, G. 
 
 CREUX, adj., *o?xj, cavus, L., hohl, 
 G., hollow : an epithet applied, in Bota- 
 ny, to parts of plants which exhibit only 
 one depression, as the receptacle of Rosa ; 
 or only one interior cavity, as the peris- 
 perm of Coccos nucifera, and the leaves of 
 Allium cepa. 
 
 CREVASSE, s. f., rima, fissura, f. L., 
 riss, spalt, m. G., slit, fissure. This 
 term has, in Pathology, two acceptations : 
 1. ordinarily employed as synon. with 
 chap, see GEBCURE : 2. sometimes as de- 
 signative of solutions of continuity, 
 cracks or fissures, occurring in parts or 
 organs which have been subjected to inor- 
 dinate distension ; and then synon. with 
 RUPTURE. CREVASSE, adj., rimosus, 
 rissig : an epithet applied, in Botany, to 
 the parts or organs of plants which exhibit 
 cracks or fissures ; as the stems of Castanea 
 and Ulmus ; and the perisperm of Anona. 
 
 CRI, s. m., xgawyv, clamor, m. L., 
 geschrei, n. G., cry or scream : in Phy- 
 siology, an inarticulate sound of the voice, 
 which requires, for its production, a deep 
 inspiration followed by a strong and rapid 
 expiration ; and serves to express sudden 
 
 N
 
 cm 
 
 and powerful emotions of the mind. In 
 some diseases, the scream constitutes an 
 important pathognomic sign. Of this na- 
 ture, is the cri hydrencephalique, F., 
 
 which characterizes the acute cerebral 
 dropsy of children. 
 
 URIBLE, CRIBLEUX, adj., cribratus, 
 
 cribrosus, L. : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to any part, or organ, of the animal 
 body which is perforated witli holes, like 
 a sieve, criblum, n. L., crible, m. F., 
 sieb, n. G-. ; as la lame criblee, ou cribri- 
 forme, de Fos ithmo'ide, termed also the 
 sieve-bone, 1'os cribleux, F., das seib- 
 bein, G., see ETHMOIDE, on account of 
 the numerous orifices which it presents, 
 for transmission of the filaments of the 
 olfactory nerves. Tissu criMeux : a term 
 employed, by Anatomists, to designate the 
 common cellular structure of the body. 
 
 CRIBRATION, s. f.,-^cribratio, f. L,.,, 
 sieben, n. G. : an operation, in Pharmacy, 
 which consists in passing any substance 
 through a sieve, in order to separate the 
 finer from the coarser parts. 
 
 CRIBRIFORME, adj., cribriformis {cri- 
 brum, a sieve, forma, figure), L., cribri- 
 form : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the horizontal portion, die sieiplatte, G., 
 of the ethmoid bone, ^see CRIBT.E, and 
 ETHMOIDE : by the Ancients, to the bone 
 itself, os cribriforme, F. and L. : also, by 
 
 Osiander, to the menibrana decidua, 
 
 membrane cribriforme, F., of the human 
 ovum. 
 
 CRICEAL, s. m. : a term applied, by 
 Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to the fourth pair of 
 the auxiliary bones of the gill-arches, si- 
 tuated in the hyoid region of fishes. See 
 Philosophic Anatom., p. 237. 384. 
 
 CRICO-ARYTENOIDIEN, adj ., crico-ary- 
 tenoideus, crico-arytsenodes, L.., crico-a- 
 rytenoid, belonging alike to the cricoid 
 and arytenoid cartilages: an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, A, to the various muscles 
 which pass from the cricoid to the aryte- 
 noid cartilages, in Man ; as, 1. Muscle cri- 
 
 co-aryteno'idien lateral, F., crico-arytae- 
 
 noideus lateralis, L. seitlicher ring-giess- 
 beckenmuskel, G., which extends from 
 the side of the superior border of the cri- 
 coid , to the anterior and external por- 
 tion of the base of the arytenoid cartilage : 
 
 2. Crico-aryteno'idien poslerieur, crico- 
 
 arytaenoideus posticus, der hintere ring- 
 
 giessbeckenmuskel, from a projecting 
 
 line in the middle of the posterior surface 
 of the cricoid , to the external and supe- 
 rior part of the arytenoid. The crico-ary- 
 tenaidien superieur,of Winslow, constitutes 
 part of the ARYTENOIDIEN, of modern 
 French anatomists. B, to the articulation, 
 art. crico-aryleno'idienne, F., a kind of 
 arthrodia, which connects the cricoid with 
 the arytenoid cartilages. 
 178 
 
 CRI 
 
 CRICO-CHETI-ARYTENO'IDIEN, adj. : an 
 epithet applied, by Dumas, to the posterior 
 crico-arytenoid muscle. See Ciuco-AiiYTE- 
 
 NOiDIEN. 
 
 CRICOI'DE, adj., xctxsii'Sys (*<*, a ring, 
 iTSo;, resemblance),, cricoides, ericoideus, 
 annularis, L., ringfo'rmig, G., cricoid, 
 ring-shaped : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to a cartilage, le cart, crico'iile, F., 
 
 cartilago cricoides, I*, rin^ knorpel, 
 
 G., belonging to the larynx ; connected, 
 above, with the thyroid cartilage, and, be- 
 low, by a fibrous membrane, with the first 
 ring of the trachea. It is deeper posteri- 
 orly than anteriorly ; lined internally by 
 the laryngeal membrane ; articulated, be- 
 hind, by its superior margin, with the a- 
 rytenoid cartilages, and exteriorly, on 
 each side, with the lesser cornua of the 
 thyroid, see CORNE. 
 
 CRICO-PHARYNGIEN, adj., crico-pha- 
 
 ryngeus, L,., den ring-knorpel und schlund 
 zugleich angehend, G., belonging alike 
 to the cricoid cartilage and pharynx : a term 
 applied, by Winslow, to a fasciculus of fi- 
 bres constituting part of the Constrictor 
 pharyngis inferior muscle, der ring-knorp- 
 elschlundmuskel, of the Germans. The 
 Other portion, he has designated Thyro- 
 pharyngeus ; and proposes to name the 
 whole together, Thyro-erico-pharyngeus. 
 
 CRIGO-THYROIDIE N, adj. crico-thyroi- 
 deus, L..,_crico-thyroid : an epithet, in 
 Anatomy, applied, 1. to a membrane, m. 
 
 crico-thyro'idienne, F which extends from 
 
 the superior border of the cricoid cartilage, 
 der ring-knorpel, G., to the inferior 
 border of the thyroid, schildknorpel : and 
 2, to a muscle, m. crico-thyro'idien, F., 
 crico-thyroideus, L., ring-knorpelschild - 
 knorpelmuskel, G., which passes from 
 the external surface of the cricoid , to the 
 sides of the base of the thyroid cartilage. 
 
 CRICO-THYRO-PHARYNGIEN, adj cri- 
 co-thyro-pharyngseus, L. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, by Dumas, to the Constrictor pha- 
 ryngis inferior muscle, from its attach- 
 ments : constituting the ring-schildknorp- 
 elschlundmuskel, of the Germans; and 
 synon. with Thyro-crico-pharyngien. See 
 CRICO-PHARYNGIEK. 
 
 CRICO-TRACHEAL, adj., crico-trachea- 
 lis, L.. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to the fibrous membrane, termed ligament, 
 
 das ring-knorpelluftrohrenband, by 
 
 German writers ; which connects the cri- 
 coid cartilage with the first ring of the tra- 
 chea. 
 
 CRIN, s. m., crinis, m. L., haar, n. 
 G. : a term applied, in Zoology, to the 
 coarse and long hair which flows from the 
 neck and tail of the horse and certain o- 
 ther Mammifera : in Botany, by De Can- 
 dolle, to the stiff hairs, wherever situated, 
 with which certain plants are provided^
 
 cm 
 
 , s. , #<V, juba, f. L,., 
 miihne, f. G., mane : in Zoology, 1. the 
 mass of long hair which occupies a certain 
 extent of the dorsal line in divers Mammi- 
 fera, as in the horse and wild boar ; or the 
 whole anterior region of the neck, as in 
 the male of Felis leo, and F. julata: 2. the 
 crest which adonis the occipital region 
 and neck of certain birds ; as the Buceros 
 jubata. 
 
 CRIXOK, s. m. : a genus, in Helmintho- 
 logy, Crino, L. The entozoary animals, 
 composing it, exhibit an elongated, cylin- 
 drical, slender body, attenuated towards 
 both extremities; and a head furnished 
 with two lateral tubercles. One species, 
 C. truncatus, cr. tronque, F., infests the 
 intestinal canal of the horse and ass ; and 
 is frequently seen adhering to the parietes 
 of the larger arteries, especially the ante- 
 rior (superior) mesenteric. See Hodg- 
 son, Treatise on the Diseases of the Arteries, 
 E. 569, pi. viii. Another species is found 
 i the dog ; but the existence of these a- 
 nimals in man has never yet been clearly 
 ascertained. Rudolphi regards them as 
 merely Strongyli ; and distinguishes those 
 of the horse and dog, by the respective 
 designations of S. armatus and trigonoce- 
 phalus. By Lamarck, they are thought 
 to belong to the Hamularia, of Rudolphi ; 
 by others, confounded with individuals of 
 the genus, Filaria. See FJLAIRE, HAMU- 
 LAIRE, STRONGYLE ; and Rudolphi, Ent- 
 zoorum Synopsis, p. 259. 
 
 CRISE, s. f., xgins, crisis, f. L., 
 
 krise, , die entscheidung einer krankheit, 
 G., -judgment, decision, crisis of a dis- 
 ease : a term, in Pathology, employed in 
 different acceptations, by different wri- 
 ters. It is now generally understood to 
 signify a rapid and favourable change in a 
 disease, characterized by some profuse e- 
 vacuation from the interior, or eruption 
 on the surface. Yet there are writers who 
 designate the phenomena which accompa- 
 ny this change, and not the change itself, 
 the crisis. By others, again, both the cri- 
 tical phenomena, and the crisis, are com- 
 prehended under the same term. The fol- 
 lowing kinds or varieties of crisis are dis- 
 tinguished in practice : the salutary, la 
 crise salutaire, F., or that which termi- 
 nates in recovery ; the mortal, mortelle, 
 in death; propre, that which exhibits a 
 rapid progress ; lysis, that which is slow 
 and unpreceded by any marked exacerba- 
 tion of symptoms ; reffuliere, when an- 
 nounced by precursory signs, occurring 
 on the predicted days, and accompanied 
 by critical phenomena ; irregul'ere, when 
 not observing these conditions. It is, fi- 
 nally, complete or incomplete, as it decides 
 the issue of the case, or leaves the patient 
 in a doubtful state. CKITIQUE, adj., 
 
 179 
 
 CRI 
 
 xinx.os, criticus, kritisch, critical, be- 
 longing to, or announcing, a crisis : Ex. 
 Pauls critique, a pulse indicating a crisis ; 
 jours critiques, F., dies critici, L,., kri- 
 tische tage einer krankheit, G., critical 
 days, those upon which the crisis of a dis- 
 ease commonly takes place; phenomenes 
 
 critiques, frvfi-rreaftetTa xginxa, kritische 
 
 erscheinungen, critical signs or phenome- 
 na ; evacuation critique, eine krilische aus- 
 leerung, a critical discharge. The period 
 at which menstruation ceases with wo- 
 men, is also, in popular language, termed 
 temps ou age critique, the critical age or 
 period. 
 
 CRISPATION, s. (crispare, to curl, L.), 
 
 reserrement, krause, zusammenzieh- 
 
 ung, f. G. : a term employed, in Patho- 
 logy, to designate the spasmodic constric- 
 tion which takes place in certain parts of 
 the animal system, either spontaneously, 
 or under the influence of some morbific 
 cause, or therapeutic agent. Thus, the e- 
 pithet, crispes, F., is applied to the capil- 
 lary vessels of a wound, when an operation 
 is not immediately succeeded by loss of 
 blood : and the skin is said to be crispee, 
 when, from its constriction, the bulbs of 
 the hairs have become unusually promi- 
 nent. Convulsive movements of the ex- 
 ternal or internal parts, when slighter 
 than convulsion, are, also, termed, in po- 
 pular language, by the French, crispation 
 
 des nerfs. CRISPE, adj., crispatus, 
 
 kraus, gekrauselt : an epithet, in Botany, 
 synon. with CREPIT. 
 
 CRISTAL, s. m., xgtWaXXay, crystal- 
 lum, n. L.., krystall, n. G., crystal : a 
 name given, in Chemistry and Mineralo- 
 gy, to the symetrical forms which divers 
 organic and inorganic substances assume, 
 in passing from the liquid or gaseous to a 
 solid state : first applied to crystallized 
 quartz, from its ice-like transparency and 
 aspect. 
 
 CRISTALLIN, adj., *fu<r<raA.Xvas, crys- 
 tallinus, L., kristallinisch, G., crystal- 
 line : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 a transparent body, of lenticular figure, 
 corps cristallin, humeur , lentille cristalline, 
 ou simplement cristallin, F., corpus cris- 
 tallinum, humor oculi cristallinus, lens cris- 
 tallina, cristalloides, L.., die kristall-Mnse, 
 G., the cristalline body, humour, lens, or 
 simply crystalline, situated between the 
 aqueous and vitreous humours of the eye, 
 about the point of union of the anterior 
 third with the two posterior thirds of this 
 organ. It is composed of a soft exterior 
 substance, and another interior forming a 
 solid nucleus in which numerous ellipsoid 
 layers are perceptible ; and contained in a 
 peculiar capsule, see CRISTALLOIDE. Per- 
 fectly transparent in the adult, it is red- 
 dish in the foetus, and, in old age, acquires, 
 
 N2
 
 CRT 
 
 with increased consistence, a yellowish 
 hue. Between the capsule and the crys- 
 talline, there exists a peculiar, transparent, 
 slightly viscid fluid, termed the humour of 
 Morgagni. The crystalline is destined to" 
 receive the cone of rays emanating from a 
 luminous point, in order to refract and re- 
 unite them behind itself, in a new cone ; 
 whose base, opposed to that of the former, 
 has its axis in the same direction ; and 
 whose summit, falling upon the retina, 
 transmits to it the impression of objects. 
 
 CRISTALLINE, s. - crystalliria, (*u<r- 
 T&A.f , crystal), L. : in Pathology, a vesi- 
 cle or phlyctena, filled with a serous fl u- 
 id ; developed on the prepuce or in the 
 vicinity of the anus, and surrounded by a 
 reddish or violet-coloured areola. Al- 
 though appearing as a consequence of the 
 venereal act, it is not invariably a symp- 
 tom of syphilis ; and may probably be re- 
 garded as a variety of Pemphigus. 
 
 CRISTALLISATION, s. f., crystallisatio, 
 f. (same), L., kristallisirung, f. G. : in 
 Chemistry, the operation or action where- 
 by the molecules of liquid or aeriform bo- 
 dies unite, so as to form a regular solid, 
 termed crystal. Hence it follows that the 
 cohesion or attraction of integral molecules 
 enjoys a great share in the process of crys- 
 tallization. 
 
 CRISTALI.OGRAPHIE, s. f., crystallo- 
 graphia, f. (same, and ya.q>u, I describe), 
 L.., kristallographie, f.,-^die beschreibung 
 
 der krystalle, G., crystallography, the 
 
 description of crystals : that part of Physics 
 and Natural History which has for its ob r 
 ject, the description of the geometrical 
 forms exhibited by minerals, and of the 
 laws by virtue of which they assume these 
 forms. 
 
 CRISTALLOIDE, adj., xgua-raXXas/B*!,', 
 crystallodes, crystalloides, L., krystall- 
 ahnlich, G., crystalloid, resembling a cry- 
 fal or the crystalline : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to the delicate and transpa- 
 rent fibrous capsule, la caps, cristalloide 
 ou cristalline, F., see CAPSULE, which 
 envelopes the crystalline lens without ad- 
 Jiering to it ; and is, itself, lodged in a re- 
 duplicature of the hyaloid membrane. 
 
 CRiSTALtOLOGiE, s. f., crystallologia, 
 1. (same, and xyj, discourse), L., krys- 
 tailologie, f., die lehre von den krystallen, 
 G crystallology : that part of natural sci- 
 ence which has for its object, the know- 
 ledge or doctrine of crystals. 
 
 CRISTALLOMETRIE, s. f., crystallome- 
 tra, (same, and ^IT^OV, measure), L., . 
 krystallometrie, krystallmesskunst, f., die 
 lehre von der messung der krystallwinkel, 
 G., crystallometry : the science which 
 treats of the mathematical properties, or 
 teaches the admeasurement of the angles, 
 of cryttals. 
 
 180 
 
 CRO 
 
 CRISTAI.LONOMIE, s. f., crystallorio- 
 
 mia, f. (xpy<r<raXX0s, VO/J.D;, law), L., klTS- 
 tallonomie, f., die lehre von den geseizen 
 
 der kryslallbildung, G., crystallonomy : 
 
 the science which developes, and explains, 
 the laws whereon the various geometrical 
 properties of crystals depend. 
 
 CRISTALLOTECHNIE, s. f., crystallo- 
 technia, f. (same, and Ti%w, art), L., 
 die krystallotechnie, G. ? : the art of ob- 
 taining perfect crystals, and the various 
 modifications of which each kind is sus- 
 ceptible. 
 
 CRISTALLOTOMIE, s. f. crystallotomia, 
 (same, and TO/LIV, the act of cutting, se- 
 paration), L. krystallotomie, f. G. crys- 
 tallotomy : the art of cutting crystals, or 
 rather of separating or dissecting a crystal- 
 lized body into its primary forms. 
 
 CRISTAUX d'argent, de lune. See NI- 
 TRATE d'argent cristallise. de Tartre : 
 the common name of cristallized Super- 
 tartrate of Potass. de Venus : the old 
 name of crystallized Acetate of Copper. 
 
 CRISTE, adj. Syn. with CRETE. Ap- 
 plied, also, as an epithet, in Botany, to 
 plants, whose organs, like the anthers otE- 
 rica cristata, are furnished with appendages 
 in the form of crests. 
 
 CRITHE, s. m. See ORGELET. 
 
 CROCHET, s. m., petit croc, hamus, in. 
 L., haken, m., hakchen, n. G., hook or 
 crotchet : in Obstetric Surgery, an instru- 
 ment, of iron or steel, employed for the 
 extraction of the human foetus, in difficult 
 parturition. The crotchet may be acute or 
 blunt, aigu ou mousse, F. naked or con- 
 tained in a sheath, nu ou engaine. The 
 tenaculum, used by the British surgeons, 
 in securing divided arteries, and the hook, 
 simple or double, see ERIGNE, so com- 
 monly employed in dissection and surgi- 
 cal operations, fall correctly under this 
 designation. In human and comparative 
 Anatomy, the term, crochet, is also appli- 
 ed, by the French, to the curved processes 
 of certain bones ; as le crochet de Vapophyse 
 pterygoide, de Fos unciforme : to the canine 
 teeth, hakenzahne, G., of the horse ; and 
 to the poison-tooth, crochet a venin, F., 
 giftzahn, G., of venomous serpents. 
 
 CROCHU, adj., courbi en crochet, hama- 
 tus, uncinatus, L., ayxuXoj, hakig, hak- 
 enformig, G., hooked, bent in the figure 
 of a hook: an epithet applied, in Anatomv, 
 to the fourth bone,~os crochu ou unciforme, 
 F., hakenbe'm, G., in the second carpal 
 row. Articulated with the os magnum, 
 lunare, and cuneiforme, and with the 
 fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, it affords 
 attachment to the anterior annular liga- 
 ment of the wrist : and is developed by 
 one point of ossification. 
 
 In Zoology, employed as the specific 
 designation of animals whose organs, like
 
 CRO 
 
 the horns of Antilope redunca, among the 
 ruminant Mammife.ro, and the branches or 
 arms of Plumularia uncinnla, among the 
 Polypi, are bent in a crotchet figure : in 
 Botany, of plants, whose parts, or organs, 
 as the legumes of Astragalus hamosus, the 
 leaves of Macromitrium uncinatum, and the 
 superior lip of the corolla of Pedicularis un- 
 cinata, exhibit a like character. 
 
 CROCIDISME, s. m., K^axv^iyf^os (X.^DX.IJ- 
 "bi^ea, to pluck offthe nap or light substances 
 adhering loosely to cloth), crocidismus, 
 m. L. : in Pathology, a variety of CAR- 
 PHOLOGIE. 
 
 CROCODILE, s. m. : a genus of Saurian 
 Reptiles, Crocodilus, L xjaxaSsiXoj, das 
 Krokodill,G.; newly constituted, belong- 
 ing to the Family of the CROCODJ LIENS, 
 s. m., pi., Crocodilei, I/., and compre- 
 hending, in the system of Cuvier, three 
 distinct sub-genera. These, forming the 
 1st Section in the great Linnaean genus, 
 Lacerta, are respectively illustrated by 
 the L. gangetica, Linn., le Gaviale de 
 Gauge, F., the Crocodile of the Ganges ; 
 L. crocodilus, le Crocodile vulgaire, ou de 
 Nile, common Crocodile ; and L. alliga- 
 tor, the Alligator of South-American ri- 
 vers : and designated, by Cuvier, les Ga- 
 vials, les Crocodiles, and les Caimans. They 
 contain several species. The Crocodile 
 of the Nile is probably the Leviathan of 
 the Scriptures. See Harris, Natural His- 
 tory of the Bible, p. 193. 
 
 These well-known " aquatic lizards" are 
 formidable, from their size, strength, ac- 
 tivity, and voracious propensities. They 
 possess four feet : the anterior furnished 
 with five toes ; the posterior, with four : 
 all united by membrane. The three in- 
 ternal toes only of the hind foot are armed 
 with claws. The eye has three eye-lids. 
 The ear is capable o'f closure at the will of 
 the animal, by two fleshy lips. The cla- 
 vicular bone, exhibited by all the other 
 Reptiles of this Order, is wanting. In 
 addition to the ordinary ribs, the abdomen 
 is protected by some rib-like bones which 
 do not reach the spine, and apparently re- 
 sult from ossification of the tendinous 
 bands which transseet the recti muscles . 
 From the orifices of two glands situated 
 beneath the throat, there exudes an unc- 
 tuous secretion, of musk-like odour. The 
 flesh of the animal, although strongly im- 
 pregnated with this odour, and the eggs, 
 are eaten by the negroes. See Cuvier, 
 Regne Animal, v. ii, p. 17 ; and Dume'ril, 
 E'lemens des Sciences Natur., v. ii, p. 223. 
 
 CROISE, adj., cruciatus, decussatus, L., 
 gekreuzt, G., crossed, disposed in the 
 figure of a cross : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to two strong ligaments, liga- 
 mens croises de genou, F., die Amwrbander 
 des knies, G., situated in the interior of 
 181 
 
 CRO 
 
 the knee-joint, articulation femoro-tibiale, 
 F. One of these, the anterior, ligamen- 
 tum cruciatum anticum, L., vorderes ge- 
 kreuxtes band, G., passes obliquely from 
 a depression in front of the ridge or spine, 
 Vepine du tibia, F., which traverses the 
 superior articular or femoral surface of the 
 tibia, to the posterior and internal part 
 of the external condyle of the femur : 
 while the posterior, lig. cruciatum posti- 
 cum. hinterest^frr. band oder das hintere 
 kreuzband, extends from the posterior part 
 of the tibial spine, to the anterior and ex- 
 ternal of the internal femoral condyle ; 
 and consequently crosses the direction of 
 the preceding ligament. See Cloquet, 
 Manuel d 1 Anatomic Descriptive. Atlas, pi. 
 56, fig. 4. 
 
 In Pathology, to that form or variety 
 of Paralysis, in which the arm of one side, 
 of the body, and the leg of the other, are af- 
 fected : in Botany, to any part, or organ, 
 of a plant, the divisions, or the whole, of 
 which, as the corolla of the Cruciferee, and 
 the leaves of Veronica decussata, are dispos- 
 ed crosswise. 
 
 CHOISSANCE, s. f., crescentia, f. (cres- 
 cere, to grow), L., wachsthum, m. and n. 
 G., growth : a term, in Physiology, em- 
 ployed to express the development of an 
 organized body, especially in the direction 
 of height. It has a signification less ex- 
 tensive than that of ACCROISSEMENT; and 
 is rarely used except in application to the 
 human subject. In Pathology, the small 
 tumours, which result from an enlarge- 
 ment of the inguinal lymphatic glands in 
 children, and are regarded as the effect of 
 growth, obtain the vulgar designation of 
 CROISSANCES, CROISSANS, pi., glandes de 
 croissance, F., crescentice, L* 
 
 CROIX, s. f., trrxv^o;, crux, f. Ij., 
 kreuz, n. G., cross. Croix de fer, crux 
 ferrea, !>. : in Surgery, an instrument, 
 invented by Heister, for retaining in their 
 situation, the fragments of a fractured 
 clavicle : long since fallen into disuse. 
 de Matte, splenium cruciatum, Mal- 
 ta cross : a compress consisting of a square 
 piece of linen which has been divided from 
 each angle, in a straight line nearly to the 
 centre ; and principally employed in the 
 dressing of the stump of a limb, finger, or 
 the membrum virile, after amputation. In 
 the demi-croix de Malte, divisions are made 
 from two only of the angles of the square. 
 
 CROSSE, s. f., arc, rol-av,-. arcus, m. 
 L., bogen, m. G.> arch or bow : a term 
 applied, in Anatomy,, to portions of the 
 vascular system, which exhibit the figure 
 of an arch ; as the palmar and plantar 
 arches, see ARCADE ; and the curve des- 
 cribed by the aorta, crosse, on arc, de 
 taorte, F., arcus aortae, L,., der bogen 
 der grossen pulsader, G., at the issue of
 
 CRO 
 
 that vessel from the heart, and previously 
 to its assumption of the name of thoracic 
 aorta, aorte pectorale, F., brustaorta, G. 
 See AORTE, and ARC. 
 
 CROTALE, s. m., vulgarly, Serpent-a- 
 Sonnettes : in Zoology, a genus of Ophi- 
 dian Reptiles, Crolalus (xgoraXov, a rattle), 
 L., die Klapperschlange, G., Rattle- 
 snake ; constituting the type of the Fa- 
 mily of the CROTALIDES, ou CROTAL- 
 OIDES, s. m. and adj. pi., F., Crotalidei, 
 vel Crotaloidea, L., and comprehending 
 several species, of which the following, all 
 poisonous, and found exclusively in the 
 more warm or temperate regions of Ame- 
 rica, are the principal : 1. Crotalus horri- 
 dus, crotale boiquira, F., die schreckliche 
 klapperschlange, G., 6 feet long, and pre- 
 eminently venomous ; 2. Cr. durissus, 
 cr. de la Guiane weisse klapperschlange, 
 from 17 inches to 4| fqet long ; 3. Cr. 
 miliariusic. millet, frieselschlange, 18 
 inches at most, inhabits Florida and Car- 
 olina; and 4. Cr. rhombifer, cr. a losanges, 
 water rattle-snake, length 5 or 6 feet, 
 found in the United States. 
 
 The individuals, constituting this genus 
 or Family, are sufficiently distinguished 
 from all others, as the name imports, by 
 the curious apparatus with which the tail 
 is furnished. It consists of many lo'-sely 
 articulated, horn-like pieces, varying in 
 number according to the age and species, 
 and emitting a distinct and even loud 
 sound on the motion, of the animal. One 
 joint of the rattle is said to be annually 
 formed up to a certain period of life. 
 Each superior maxillary bone exhibits one 
 curved tooth, crochet, F., pointed, per- 
 forated in its whole length, and connected 
 with a lobulated gland which secretes the 
 poison. Behind this poison-tooth, gift- 
 zahn, m. G., there are situated several 
 germs, destined to supply its place in the 
 event of loss or fracture. When at rest, 
 it lies concealed in a fold of the gum. 
 Two muscles, which serve to depress the 
 bone wherein the tooth is immoveably fix- 
 ed, at the moment of bringing the latter 
 into action, exercise a pressure on the se- 
 cretory organ, and thus propel the poison 
 to the base of the tooth ; from which it is 
 conveyed, through the central canal, into 
 the wound inflicted by this formidable in- 
 strument. A nictitating membrane exists 
 in the eye. The mouth is large; the 
 tongue partly enclosed in a sheath, and 
 forked at the extremity. The Crolali are 
 viviparous ; and exhibit great tenacity of 
 life. The powers of fascination which 
 they, in common with some other serpents, 
 are said to exercise on the animal* destined 
 to become their prey, have not yet been 
 satisfactorily explained, nor even demon- 
 strated. By some authors, the phenomen- 
 182 
 
 CRO 
 
 on is ascribed to the stupifying effects of 
 the offensive and narcotic effluvium which 
 the bodies of the Crotali exhale. They 
 pass rapidly into putrefaction after death; 
 and emit an intolerable stench : but the 
 tooth, even then, retains its virulent pro- 
 perties. The poison is of a green colour. 
 They who recover from its fatal effects, 
 commonly experience, for life, local rede- 
 ma, periodical pains, hemorrhages, and 
 weakness or paralysis, of the bitten part. 
 According to Gmelin, the negroes, wild 
 hog?, and birds of prey, feed on the rattle- 
 snake, with impunity. A corymbiferous 
 plant, of South America, the Mikaniagua- 
 co, is stated to possess " almost miraculous 
 properties" as an antidote, and even pre- 
 ventive, to the poison of the Crotali, as of 
 other venomous serpents. An admirable 
 description and drawing of it are given in 
 the Plantcs Equinocliales,of Humboldt and 
 Bonpland, v. ii, p. 34, pi. 105. See, also, 
 Cloquet, Faune des Medecins, v. iv, p. 326; 
 Gmelin, Allgemeine Gcschichte der thierisch- 
 en und mineral. Gifte, p. 40 , and Turton, 
 System of Nature, v. i, p. f72. 
 
 CROTAPHE, s. m., crotaphium, n. (x,y>- 
 fcctfms, the temple), L. : in Pathology, 
 head-ach, cephalalgie temporale, F., or 
 an unpleasant throbbing, felt especially in 
 the temporal region, ein unangenehmes 
 klopfen im kople, bes. in der schl'dfenge- 
 gend, G. 
 
 CROTAPHITE, s. m. (xgoraipaj) : a term, 
 in Anatomy, formerly applied, by French 
 and Latin writers, to the temporal muscle, 
 
 m. crotaphite, musculus crolaphites, 
 
 sc/i/a/<mmuske], of the Germans. See 
 TEMPORAL. 
 
 CROTON, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Croton ( Monoecia, monadelph ; Euphorbia- 
 ceee), L., der Kroton, G., which com- 
 prehends many interesting species, trees, 
 shrubs, and herbaceous plants, indige- 
 nous, with few exceptions, in the warmer 
 regions of America, and the East Indies. 
 Two only are medicinal : 1. Cr. eleuteria, 
 see CASCARILLE, referred, by French 
 Botanists, to the genus, Clutia ; and 2. 
 Cr. tiglium, Molukkanischer purgirholz- 
 baum, Malabarischer purgirkornerbaum, 
 purgirkroton, G., purging croton, a na- 
 tive of the Moluccas, Ceylon, and Mala- 
 bar ; from the seeds of which, pignons d j 
 Inde, F., semina Tiglii, L., krotonsam- 
 
 en, G., the drastic purgative, Crolon- 
 
 oil, huile de Croton, F., oleum Tiglii, 
 krotonol, is obtained. With this, by the 
 addition of sugar and Acacia-gum, the 
 Germans prepare troches, krotonoltrochis- 
 ken : a most convenient formula for the 
 administration of this active remedy ; and 
 worthy of introduction into the French 
 and British Dispensatories. Each troche 
 contains one 4th of a drop of the oil.
 
 CRO 
 
 Several other species are of great utili- 
 ty in the arts : From Cr. scbiferum. nrbre 
 a suif, F., the Chinese- procure, by decoc- 
 tion of the seeds in water, a substance con- 
 vertible to the manufacture of candles : 
 Cr. sangifluum yields a variety of Sanyuis 
 draconis ; and the Cr. tinctorium, llici- 
 noides ex quzi paratur 7\rarneso/Gallorum, 
 farberkroton, oder die maurelle, G. of- 
 ficinal croton, .a native of South Europe 
 and the Levant, furnishes the colouring 
 mailer, named TOUUNESOL, by the French. 
 The genus is said to have derived its name 
 from the resemblance of the seeds to the 
 
 Acarus Ixodes, ricinus, holzbock, m. 
 
 G., an articulated animal, formerly in- 
 cluded among apterous Insects, and term- 
 ed x^anuf, by the Greeks. Their vegeta- 
 ble K^r&>y, is, however, evidently the Ri- 
 cinus communis, of modern systematic Bo- 
 tanists, gemeiner wunderbaum, G. and 
 Castor-oil plant, of British writers. 
 
 CROTONATE, s. m., crotonas, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, Arrotorasaure 
 salze, G. resulting from the combination 
 of crotonic acid, acide crotonique, F., aci- 
 dum crolonicum, !>., krolonsaure, G., 
 with salifiable bases. This acid was first 
 discovered, by Pelletier and Caventou, in 
 Croton-oil , and received, from them, the 
 specific epithet, jatrophique, F. 
 
 CROTONE, s. m. (xgoruvn, an excrescence 
 on trees, produced by an insect) : a term, 
 in Pathology, applied to fungous excres- 
 cences which are developed on the mem- 
 branes of bones. 
 
 CROTONINE, s. f., crotonina, f. L., 
 krotonin, G. ? : the name of a newly -dis- 
 covered alcali, which exists, according to 
 Brandes, in the seeds of Crolon Tiglium. 
 
 CROUP, s. m. : in Pathology, a term of 
 Scottish origin, employed to designate a 
 peculiar form of laryngeal or tracheal in- 
 flammation. See ANGINE, L.ARYNGITE, 
 and TRACHEITE. CROUPAL, adj pertain- 
 ing to croup : Ex. Voix croupale, F., a 
 croupy voice; son croupal, a croupy sound. 
 
 CROUPE, s. f., crupper. de cJieval, 
 F., equi tcrgum, JL,., das kreuz ernes 
 pferds, G. : that part of the horse's back 
 which extends from the extremity of the 
 loins to the insertion of the tail. de 
 montagne, mentis vertex, L., die spitze 
 eines bergs, G., highest ridge, or summit, 
 of a mountain. 
 
 CROUPION, s. m., t>lga<xvytnv, uropygi- 
 um, n. L., biirzel, steiss, m. G., rump : 
 a term vulgarly applied to the inferior 
 posterior or coccygeal region of the pelvis, 
 in man and the other Vertebrata. Hence, 
 the popular designation of the os coccygis, 
 stembein, G., rump- or cruppcr-\wne. 
 
 CROUTE, s. f., crusta, f. L., kruste, f. 
 G., crust : in Pathology, an assemblage 
 of minute indurated scales, resulting frevn 
 
 183 
 
 CRU 
 
 desiccation of a serous or purulent fluid 
 secreted by the skin. Of this nature, are 
 the crusts formed in the variolous, tineal, 
 and herpetic eruptions, croutes varioleuses, 
 teigneuses, dartreuses, F. de la ttte 
 des enfans nouveau-nes : a yellowish, dry, 
 thick crust, which extends over the heads 
 of infants, a few days after birth; and 
 spontaneously subsides. de lait, ou cr. 
 laiteuse, crusta lactea, L., milch*c/ior/, 
 G. : an exaathematous eruption, porrigo 
 larvalis, of Willan, which attacks the 
 hairy scalp and face of young children, 
 see Bateman, Synopsis, p. 159. inflam- 
 matoire. See COUENNE. CROUTEUX, 
 adj., crustatus, schorfig, crusted, co- 
 vered with a crust. See CRUSTACE. 
 
 CRU, adj., crudus, indigestus, L. roh, 
 ungekocht, unreif, unverdaut, G., crude, 
 raw, uncooked, unripe, undigested : an e- 
 pithet applied, 1. in Pathology, to thefeces 
 or other matters, excrements crus, ma- 
 tieres crues, F., which have not under- 
 gone the proper digestion in the intestinal 
 canal : 2. in Materia Medica, and Metallo- 
 graphy, to the various metals, metaux 
 crus, F exhibiting the condition in which 
 they issued from the mine ; as Antimoine 
 cru, antimonium crudum, L., der rohe 
 spiessglanz, G. crude antimony ; mercure 
 cru, crude quicksilver : 3. in common 
 language, to waters, eaux crues, F., 
 which contain a proportion of calcareous 
 salts, so large as to unfit them for employ- 
 ment in the culinary preparation of vege- 
 table substances, and the solution of soap. 
 
 CRUCIAL, adj., crucialis, L., kreuz- 
 formig, kreuz weise, G., exhibiting the 
 figure of a cross, crux, L., crosswise. 
 The crucial incision, incis. cruciale, F., 
 sectio crucialis, L., der kreuzschnitt, G., 
 is a form of division of the integuments 
 frequently practised, by the pathologist, 
 in necrotomical investigations ; and com- 
 monly, by the surgeon, in exposing the 
 cranium for the application of the tre- 
 phine, and in the extirpation of tumours. 
 
 CRUCIFERES, s. f., Crucifera (crux, a 
 cross, fcrre, to bear), L. : in Botany, a 
 Family of dicotyledonous polypetalous 
 plants, with hypogynous stamens ; so de- 
 signated from the cruciform disposition of 
 their four petals of which their corollas 
 invariably consist. The cruciferous plants, 
 kreuztragende pflanzen, G., constitute 
 the 12th Order in the Natural Arrange- 
 ment of Jussieu, and the 15th Class, Te- 
 tradynamia, in the Artificial System of 
 Linnaeus. Most of the individuals, com- 
 posing this clearly characterized Family, 
 are herbaceous; and possess alimentary 
 properties, as the Brassica ; or antiscorbu- 
 tic , as Cochlearia. They all contain a- 
 zote ; give out ammonia ; and are, conse- 
 quently, nutritive and stimulant.
 
 CRU 
 
 CRUCIFORME, adj., cruciformis (crux, 
 a cross, forma, figure), L., <r>ra,v%oiibri;, 
 kreuzformig, G., cruciform, disposed in 
 the figure o? a cross : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, 1. to the ligamentous bands, 
 ligamens cruciformes, F., which connect 
 together the phalanges of the fingers and 
 toes; and 2. to those see CROISE, of the 
 femoro-tibial articulation : in Botany, to 
 the cross-shaped corolla, corolle cruciforme, 
 
 F., kreuzformige blumenkrone, G., 
 
 which constitutes the distinguishing cha- 
 racter of the Family of the Cruciferte. See 
 CRUCIFERES. 
 
 CHUDITE, s. f., cruditas, f. L., crudi- 
 ty: a term employed in divers accepta- 
 tions : as 1. to express the quality of ali- 
 mentary substances, rohheit, f. G., raw- 
 ness, which have not been subjected to 
 the action of fire ; and of fruits, unreife, 
 unripeness, not yet arrived at maturi- 
 ty : 2. the condition of matters, unverdau- 
 lichkeit, f. G., contained in the intestinal 
 canal, which have not undergone, in due 
 time, the requisite elaboration : and 3. in 
 the language of the humoral pathologists, 
 the state ot the morbific matter which has 
 yet suffered no change from the re-action 
 of the organs. CRUDITES, pi. : syn. with 
 Matieres crues. See CRU. 
 
 CRURAL, adj., cruralis (crus, leg), L. : 
 an epithet which properly signifies, be- 
 longing to the leg-bones, zum sclienkel- 
 beine gehorig, G. ; but employed, in anato- 
 mical language, as especially designative of 
 all the parts which have reference to the 
 thigh, or even the whole abdominal or pelvic 
 limb. Of these, the following are the 
 principal : 1. Aponevrose crurale ou femo- 
 rale, F., cruial or femoral fascia, see 
 Fascia lata. 2. Arcade crurale (arc. ingui- 
 
 nale, Ch.), see ARCADE ; improperly 
 
 named Fallopius 1 or Pouparfs ligament, 
 ligam. de Fallope, ou de Poupart, F., das 
 Fallopische band, G. : formed by the infe- 
 rior border of the tendon of the external 
 oblique muscle ; and stretching from the 
 anterior superior spine of the ilium, to the 
 superior and internal part of the os pubis. 
 Inferiorly and posteriorly, this ligament 
 sends out a falciform fold or process, which 
 is inserted into the whole length of the 
 crista pubis, L., and known as Gimber- 
 nafs ligament. Between this and the pu- 
 bis, a large triangular opening exists ; oc- 
 cupied by the blood-vessels, nerves, and 
 muscles which pass out from the pelvis to 
 the thigh. 3. Canal crural, inguinal or 
 crural canal; commencing above, at the 
 internal , and terminating, below, at the 
 external abdominal ring, see ANNEAU. 
 4. Artere crurale, arteria cruralis, L.., 
 die schenkelpuIsaAer, G. : a term common- 
 ly applied to that portion of the arterial 
 trunk of the pelvic limb, which, forming a 
 
 184 
 
 CRU 
 
 continuation of the external iliac, extends 
 from the crural arch, to the tendinous o- 
 pening in the Triceps adductor magnus of 
 the thigh. Chaussier, however, distin- 
 guishes, by the epithet crural, the whole 
 vessel, from the termination of the com- 
 mon or primitive iliac, (pelvi-crurale, Ch.), 
 to its division into the anterior and poste- 
 rior tibial blanches; and sub-divides it in- 
 to three portions : the iliac, (external ili- 
 ac, ), and the inguinal and femoral (con- 
 stituting, together, the crural artery of 
 other anatomists). See FEMORAL. The 
 crural vein, veine crurale, F., vena cru- 
 ralis, L., die brandader, schenkelbluta&er, 
 G., exhibits the same general disposition 
 as the corresponding artery ; except that 
 it receives, in addition, a considerable cu- 
 taneous branch, the great or internal Sa- 
 phena vein, see SAPHENE. 5. Nerf cru- 
 ral, nervus cruralis, L., der schenkel- 
 
 nerve, G., the anterior crural nerve, of 
 British anatomists : formed by the branch- 
 es of the first four lumbar nerves, it de- 
 scends between the Psoas magnus and IK- 
 acus in tern us muscles : until, having pass- 
 ed beneath the crural arch, it emerges from 
 between them ; appears on the external 
 side of the artery ; and separates, in the 
 thigh, into two principal divisions, cuta- 
 neous and muscular. The branches of the 
 former, varying in number from two to 
 six, perforate the fascia lata, and are ex- 
 pended on the integuments of the anterior 
 and internal regions of the thigh : while 
 the latter, having exteriorly supplied, with 
 its ramifications, the Iliacus, Sartorius, and 
 Rectus femoris, and external and middle 
 portions of the Triceps adductor, muscles, 
 distributes its more interior branches on 
 the Vastus internus, Pectineeus, Gracilis, 
 and Semi-tendinosus. One of these branch- 
 es, larger than the rest, Nervus saphenus, 
 see SAFHENE, after having accompanied, 
 for awhile, the femoral artery, appears, as 
 a cutaneous nerve, on the inside of the 
 knee ; and, descending in intimate connec- 
 tion with the Saphena vein, supplies the 
 internal part of the leg ; and is finally dis- 
 tributed on the inner ancle and dorsal sur- 
 face of the foot. Plexus crural, cruralis, 
 F. and L. : Chaussier thus designates the 
 union of the anterior branches of the last 
 four lumbar with the first four sacral 
 nerves ; or, in fact, the lumbar and sacral 
 plexuses, of other Anatomists. 6. Muscle 
 crural : a muscle of the thigh, usually de- 
 scribed, by the French, as the middle por- 
 tion of a three-headed muscle, Triceps 
 crural (Trife'moro-rotulien, Ch.), consist- 
 ing, in their view, of this and the two Vas- 
 ti, between which it is situated ; but re- 
 garded, in the writings of British and Ger- 
 man Anatomists, as a distinct muscle, m. 
 crurteus vel cruralis, L., der Schenkel-
 
 CHY 
 
 muskel, G. ; which, occupying the ante- 
 rior region of the limb, arises from the 
 space between the two trochanters , from 
 the front and exterior surface, of the os 
 femoris, nearly its whole length ; and is 
 inserted into the posterior surface of the 
 tendon of the Rectus, and the superior 
 margin of the patella. Lastly, the fascia 
 cruralis, fasciola tibialis, in female dress ? 
 genuale, periscelis, of the Latin , is the 
 vt^iffKi^};, of the Greek , jarretiere, of the 
 French , strumpf band of the German , 
 and garter, of British writers. 
 
 CRUSTACE, adj., crustaceus (crusta, a 
 crust), L., krustig, schorfig, G., crusta- 
 ceous : an epithet, in Pathology, substi- 
 tuted, by Alibert, for the adj. CROTJTEUX, 
 and applied to any cutaneous affection, 
 which exhibits a crustaceans character ; as 
 Dartre crustacee, F see CROUTE : in Bo- 
 tany, to parts, or organs, of plants, which 
 are firm, indurated, and fragile ; as the pe- 
 ricarp ereme, F., of Salvia ; the lorica, 
 lorique, of Papaver ; and the legmen of 
 Areca faufil. In .Zoology, applied to a 
 Class of Articulated Invertebrate Animals, 
 CRUSTACEES, s. m. and adj., pi., animaux 
 crustaces, Crustacea, L., Krustenthiere, 
 G., formerly included, by Linnaeus, a- 
 mong the Apterous Insects. They pos- 
 sess, according to Cuvier, a body protected 
 by a crust or shell, articulated limbs, a 
 double circulation ; and respire by bran- 
 chise, consisting either of tufts, or of sim- 
 ple or complicated lamellae. The Class 
 has been distributed, by Leach, into two 
 
 Sub-classes, see ENTOMOSTRACES, and 
 
 MALACOSTRACES. CRUSTACEOLOGIE, s. f., 
 crustaceologia, f. L. : the doctrine, or 
 history of crustaceans Animals. See Art. 
 Crustaceology, in the 7th vol. of the Edin- 
 burgh Encyclopedia. 
 
 CRYMODE, adj., x^v^u^tis, crymodes, 
 crymoides, L., eiskalt, G. : an epithet 
 formerly applied, in Pathology, to a con- 
 tinued/ever, -rugiros x^vf/uu^ris, febris cry- 
 moidea, algida, L., ein mfieber, G., cha- 
 racterized by excessive heat of the interior, 
 and icy coldness of the external parts : sup- 
 posed to be connected with erysipelatous 
 inflammation of the lungs. 
 
 CRYPSORCHIS, more correctly CRYP- 
 TORCHIS, s. m. (xfvvros, concealed, %<;, 
 the testis), F. and L. : according to French 
 lexicographers, that species of malforma- 
 tion which consists in the retention of the 
 testes within the abdomen of the male ; to 
 the German, a man, or other male animal, 
 testicondus, L., with concealed testes, 
 ein mann, oder ein mannliches thier, mit 
 verbogenen hoden ; and Cryptorchidismus, s. 
 m. L. (CRYPTORCHIDISME, s. m. F. ?), a 
 synonym of the French, Crypsorchis, the 
 condition of a man, or animal, so circum- 
 stanced, der zustand eines kryptorchis, G. 
 185 
 
 CUB 
 
 CRYPT E, s. f. ou m., crypto, f. (x^*. 
 TO;, concealed), folliculus, m. L.,^ crypt : 
 a term applied, in Anatomy, to minute, 
 rounded, lenticular, and hollow bodies, si- 
 tuated in the substance of the skin and 
 mucous membranes ; and destined to pour 
 out, upon the surface, from a small orifice, 
 different fluids secreted in the interior. 
 Chaussier has distinguished the various 
 crypts, 1. from the nature of such fluid, 
 into the mucous, sebaceous, unguinous, and 
 ceruminous : 2. from their situation, into 
 the cutaneous, ciliary, auricular, labial, pa- 
 latine, bronchial, cesophageal, gastric, intesti- 
 nal, vesical, urethral, vaginal, and uterine : 
 and 3. from their peculiar disposition, into 
 simple, as those of the skin and many of 
 the mucous membranes ; the agglomerate, as 
 the arytcenoid cryptce, and those of the pa- 
 late and lachrymal caruncle : and compound, 
 as the prostate, amygdala, the lacuna of the 
 rectum and urethra, and the foramen caecum 
 of the tongue. The Cryptce serve to keep 
 the various parts in a moist and supple 
 state ; and to protect them from the irri- 
 tating action of the various bodies which 
 come in contact with them. In many dis- 
 eases, especially those of the mucous mem- 
 branes, the Cryptce exhibit great alterati- 
 ons in their figure, volume, and secretions. 
 
 CRYPTOCEPHALE, s. m.and adj., cryp- 
 tocephalus (xgvrros, concealed, *<pAj, the 
 head), L. : a term applied, by Geoffrey - 
 St.-Hilaire, to a genus of monstets; com- 
 prehending those in which the head is re- 
 duced to an assemblage of minute osseous 
 pieces, not apparent externally. 
 
 CRYPTOGAMIE, s. f., cryptogamia, f. 
 (xgwTo;, and yeifiss, marriage), L., kryp- 
 togamie, f. G. : the name of the 24th Class 
 
 in the Vegetable System, of Linnaeus 
 
 It comprehends those plants planles cryp- 
 
 togames, F. plantse cryptogamicce, L die 
 
 kryptoffamischen gewachse, G., of which 
 the sexual organs are either obscurely mark- 
 ed, or not at all visible. See ACOTYLEDONE, 
 and AGAAIIE. CRYPTOGAME, CRYPTO- 
 GAMIQUE, adj., cryptogamus, cryptoga- 
 micus, L., krytogamisch, zur krypiogamie 
 
 gehorig, G., cryptogamic, relating to 
 
 Cryptogamia : as Grevflle's Scottish Cryp- 
 togamic Flora. CRYFTOGAMISTE, s. m., 
 cryptogamista, m. L., cryptogamist : a 
 naturalist especially devoted to the study 
 of cryptogamous plants. 
 
 CRYTOPYIQUE, adj., cryptopyicus 
 
 (xguvros, and vvov, pus), L. : an epithet ap- 
 plied to diseases resulting from, or a mor- 
 bid condition of the system kept up by, an 
 occult abscess. 
 
 CUBEBE, s. f., cubeba, f. L. : in Mate- 
 ria Medica, the berry of an Indian plant, 
 Piper cubeba, vel caudatum, see Poi- 
 VHE. Cubebs cubebes, poivre a queue, F., 
 cubebse, L., cubeben, G., are aroma-
 
 CUB 
 
 tic, stimulant, carminative, and diuretic: em- 
 ployed, by the Arabs, as a condiment ; and 
 frequently administered, with great suc- 
 cess, in gonorrhoea, by Briiith practition- 
 ers. The Germans have an Officinal Con- 
 serve, Confectio Cubebarum, Ueber- 
 
 zuckerte Cubeben. 
 
 CUBITAL, adj., cubitalis, belonging to 
 the ulna, or Cubitus, L., or to the internal 
 part of the fore-arm, where this bone is si- 
 tuated : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to the following blood-vessels, nerves, mus- 
 cles, and bone : 1. The ulnar artery, ar- 
 tere cubitale, F., arteria ulnaris, L., die 
 ellenbogenpulsa&er, G., given off by the 
 brachial, below the elbow ; and, after hav- 
 ing furnished, in its progress down the 
 fore-arm, the common trunk of the inter- 
 osseous branches, le tronc commun des in- 
 ter-osseuses, F., and the anterior and pos- 
 terior recurrents, art. recurrentes anleri- 
 eure et posterieure, terminating in the for- 
 mation of the superficial palmar arch. Of 
 the ulnar vein, veine cubitale, vena ul- 
 naris, die ellenboaenblutaAer, the deep- 
 seated branches, v. cubitales profondes, 
 and the recurrents, recurrentes cubitales, 
 accompany the trunk and corresponding 
 branches of the artery : while the superfi- 
 cial branches (v. cubitales cutanees, Ch.), 
 constitute part of the Basilic, see BASI- 
 LIQUE. 2. The ulnar Nerve, nerf cubi- 
 tal (cubito-digital, Ch.), nervus ulnaris, 
 I,., der ellenbogennerve, G., which, fur- 
 nished by the brachial plexus, runs down 
 the internal part of the arm between the 
 internal condyle of the humerus and the 
 olecranon ; descends along the fore-arm, 
 externally to the artery ; and, having sup- 
 plied twigs to the neighbouring muscles, 
 and a large branch to the dorsum of the 
 hand, is, finally distributed on the mus- 
 cles of the hand, and on the ring- and lit- 
 tle fingers. 3. The cubital Muscles, m. 
 cubitaux, die ellenbogenmuskeln : of these, 
 there are two, a. cubital anterieur ou in- 
 terne (cubito-carpien, Ch.), ulnaris inter- 
 nus, flexor carpi ulnaris, I..., innerer ell- 
 enboffenmuskel, G., which, arising from 
 the internal condyle of the humerus, inner 
 side of the olecranon, and posterior ridge 
 of the ulna, is inserted into the os pisi- 
 forme of the metacarpus; and b. cubital 
 posterieur ou externe (cubito-sus-metacar- 
 pien, Ch.), ulnaris externus, extensor 
 carpi ulnaris, ausserer ellenbogenmuskel ; 
 occupying the external part of the fore- 
 arm, antl extending from the inferior part 
 of the external condyle, to the posterior 
 and upper part of the 5th metacarpal bone. 
 The Palmaris longus, see PALMAIRE, 
 has, moreover, been designated, by Win- 
 slow, le cubital grfle. And, lastly, Lieu- 
 taud has termed os cubital, the cuneiform 
 bone see PYRAMIDAL of the wrist. 
 18G 
 
 CUB 
 
 In Surgery, a splint, attclle cubitale, F., 
 employed, by Dupuytren, in addition to 
 the ordinary bandage, in fractures of the 
 radius. 
 
 CUBITO-CARPIEN, adj., cubito-carpia- 
 nus, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, as be- 
 longing alike to the fore-arm and wrist 
 See CUBITAL. 
 
 CuBiTO-CuTANE, adj., cubito-cutane- 
 us, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the internal cutaneous nerve of the arm. 
 
 CUBITO-DIGITAL, adj., eubito-digita- 
 lis, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the ulnar nerve ; as belonging to the ul- 
 nar region of the fore-arm, and the fmyers. 
 
 CUBITO-PALMAIRE, adj., cubito pal- 
 
 maris, L. : a term applied, by Chaussier, 
 to that portion of the ulnar artery which 
 extends from the wrist to its termination 
 in the palm of the hand. 
 
 CUBITO-PHALANGETTIEN, adj., cubi- 
 to-phalangettianus, L. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, by Chaussier, to the Flexor diuitorum 
 profundus muscle, see FLKCHISSEUR ; as 
 belonging to the fore-arm and the last pha- 
 langes, phalangettes, F., of the fingers. 
 
 CUBITO-RADIAL, adj., cubit o-radialis, 
 Li. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to 
 the Pronator radii quadratus muscle, see 
 CARRE ; as attached alike to the ulna and 
 radius : and, also, to the two articulations, 
 art. cubito-radiale superieure, et infc- 
 rieure, respectively formed by the union 
 of the ulna and radius, at their brachial 
 and carpal extremities. 
 
 CUBITO-SUS-METACARPIEN, adj., CU- 
 
 bito-supra-metacarpianus, L. : Chaussier 
 distinguishes, bv this term, the Extensor 
 carpi ulnaris muscle, see CUBITAL, as 
 attached to the ulna and the superior part 
 of the metacarpus ; and, by that of Cubilo- 
 sus-Melacarpien du pouce, the long abduc- 
 tor, see ABDUCTEUR, of the thumb, 
 the Extensor ossis Metacarjn pollicis, of 
 some Anatomists. 
 
 ClJBITO-SuS-PALMAIRE, OOJ , CllbitO- 
 
 supra-palmaris, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, 1. to a small artery given off, 
 by the ulnar, a little above the wrist ; and 
 2. to the accompanying vein. 
 
 CuBITO-SuS-PlIALANGETTlEN, adj., 
 
 cubito-supra-phalangettianus, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied, by Chaussier, to two muscles 
 of the hand; as attached to the ulna and 
 superior part of the 3rd phalanx, phalan- 
 gelte, of the fingers. One of these, Cub. 
 sus-phalanaeilien dcVindex constitutes the 
 proper extensor of the fore-finger ; the o- 
 ther, du pouce, the long extensor of 
 the thumb. See EXTENSEUH. 
 
 CUBITO-SUS-PHALAN T GIEN, adj., CUbi- 
 
 to-supra-phalangianus, Ij. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to the short extensor 
 muscle, see EXTENSEUR, of the thumb.
 
 CUI 
 
 CUBIT us, s, m., cubitue, m. (xvGirov, 
 the elbow), ulna, L., ellenbogenbein, 
 m. G. : a name given, in Anatomy, to the 
 larger of the two bones of the fore-arm : 
 articulated, above, with the ulnar extre- 
 mity of the os brachii, and with the head 
 of the radius ; below, with the radius, and, 
 by the intervention of a fibro-cartilage, 
 with the os cuneiforme of the carpus. A 
 voluminous projection at the posterior su- 
 perior extremity of the bone, the olecra- 
 non, forms the elbow : hence its name. 
 
 CUBOIDE, adj., xvGmiSri;, cuboides, cu- 
 biformis, L., wiirfelformig, G., cubi- 
 form : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 one of the tarsal bones, from its cube-like 
 figure. This bone 1'os cubo'ide, ~F., das 
 wtirfelbe'm, G., is united, posteriorly, with 
 the os calcis, by an articulation termed, in 
 French, art. cubo'ido-calcanienne ; anteriorly, 
 with the 4th and 5th metatarsal bones ; 
 internally, in front, with the 3rd cuneiform, 
 and, behind, with the scaphoid bone, by 
 the cuboido-scaphoid articulation. The 
 superior surface answers to the dorsum ; 
 the external to the outer border, of the 
 foot : while the inferior exhibits a consi- 
 derable projection, behind which there is 
 an oblique groove for the passage of the 
 tendon of the Peronasus longus muscle. 
 
 CUCULLAIRE, adj., cucullaris, L. : an 
 epithet, in Anatomy, formerly applied to 
 
 the Trapezius muscle, see TRAPEZE ; 
 
 from the resemblance which it exhibits, 
 when viewed in conjunction with its fel- 
 low, to a hood or monk's cowl turned down 
 upon the back. 
 
 CUCULLIFORME, adj., cuculliformis, 
 
 convolutus, L., tiitenf ormig, zusammen- 
 gerollt, G. : an epithet applied in Botany, 
 to the parts, or organs, of plants, which 
 exhibit a convoluted figure, roule en cor- 
 net, F. : as the leaves of Geranium cuculla- 
 tum ; the petals of Aquilegia vulgaris ; and 
 the spatha of Arum. 
 
 CUCURBITACEES, s. f., pi., Cucurbila- 
 cetB, L., kiirbissartige pnanzen, G. : in 
 Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous plants; 
 having, for their type, the Cucurbita, or 
 Gourd, genus; and, almost without ex- 
 ception, remarkable for their medicinal or 
 alimentary properties. See BRYONE, CON- 
 
 COMBRE, COURGE, CoLOQUINTE, ELATE- 
 HIUM, MOMORDIQUE. 
 
 CUCURBITAIN, s. m. : a term, in Hel- 
 minthology, formerly applied to the Tcenia 
 solium ; because composed of joints which 
 resemble, in figure, the seeds of the gourd, 
 Cucurbita, L. 
 
 CUCURBITS, s. f., cucurbita, f. L., 
 retorte, f. G., retort : the lower portion 
 of a distilling-apparatus. See ALAMBIC. 
 
 CUIR, s. m., corium, n. Li., leder, n. 
 G., leather : the skin of certain mammi- 
 ferous animals, rendered impermeable to 
 
 187 
 
 CUM 
 
 water, and incorruptible, by the process 
 of tanning. Cuir chevclu, F. SeeCiiEVEi.u. 
 
 CUISSE, s. m., fiv^s, femur, n., coxa, 
 f. Li., schenkel, in. G., thigh : in Ana- 
 tomy, that portion of the pelvic extremity 
 of Vertebrated Animals, which extends 
 from the pelvis to the knee. See CRURAL, 
 and FEMOBAL. In Zoology, the 3rd piece 
 of the claw of the Crustacea , and the 2nd 
 of the limb of real hexapodal Insects. 
 
 CUISSON, s. f., urens pungens do- 
 loris sensus, L., schmerzung, f. G., 
 smarting : a sense of pungent burning 
 pain, resulting from the contact of an irri- 
 tating substance with the animal organs, 
 especially when rendered more sensitive 
 by disease : as the sting of nettles ; and 
 the passage of urine over an inflamed 
 membrane or surface. 
 
 CUIVRE, s. m., ^aXxojj cuprum, ses 
 cyprium, m. L., kupfer, n. G., copper : 
 in Chemistry, a solid metal, innoxious to 
 living bodies in its pure state ; but acquir- 
 ing poisonous properties, if converted into 
 an oxyde in its passage through the intes- 
 tinal canal. For an account of its princi- 
 pal medicinal compounds, see ACETATE, 
 and SULFATE. CUIVREUX, adj., kupfer- 
 haltig, kupfericht, G., copper-like : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Pathology, to the colour 
 of the face, teint cuivreux, observed in 
 certain diseases, and especially in cancer- 
 ous affections. 
 
 CULBUTE. s. f., inversio, f. L sturz- 
 baum, burzelbaum, m. G. : in Obstetrics, 
 the movement supposed to be executed, by 
 the foetus, at the close of the 7th month 
 of pregnancy; whereby the head, previous- 
 ly remote from, is directed towards, the o- 
 rifice of the uterus. 
 
 CULMIFERE, adj., culmiferus (culmus, 
 a culm or straw, ferre, to bear), L. halm- 
 tragend, ? G., culmiferous : an epithet 
 employed, in Botany, to designate those 
 plants whose stem consists of a culm ; as 
 the Graminea, and, more especially, the 
 Cereal plants. 
 
 CULTELLAIRE, adj. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Surgery, to a cauterizing instrument, 
 cautere cultellaire, ou couteau defeu, F. 
 made in the figure of a knife, cultellus, 
 L,., and employed in transcurrent caute- 
 rization. 
 
 CULTRIVORE, adj., cultrivorus (cul- 
 
 trum, a knife, vorare, to swallow), L., 
 
 messerschluckend, ? G. : an epithet appli- 
 ed to individuals, who are addicted to the 
 practice of swallowing knives. See the ex- 
 traordinary case, narrated in vol. xii. of 
 the London Medico-chirurg. Transactions. 
 
 CUMIN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Cu- 
 minum ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbelliferce ), 
 L., der Eomische Kummel, Mutter- 
 kiimmel, G., containing only one species, 
 common cumin, C. cyminum, x^/vov,
 
 CUP 
 
 le cumin officinal, F., a native of E- 
 gypt and the Levant, the camun, of the 
 Hebrew, the kimmum, of Arab writers. 
 The seeds, semina Cumini, L., aroma- 
 tic, pungent, and of grateful odour, resem- 
 ble the anise and caraway, in their proper- 
 ties, dietetic and medicinal. The Turks 
 employ them in the composition of their 
 ragouts ; the Germans, of their bread ; the 
 Dutch, of their cheese. German Officinal 
 Preparations : an Essential Oil, and Plas- 
 ter, Rbmisches Kummelol, und Kum- 
 melpflaster. Cumin despris. See CAHVI. 
 
 CUNEEN, adj., cuneenus, L. : relating 
 to the cuneiform bones : Ex. Articulations 
 cuneennes, F., the articulations resulting 
 from the union of these bones with each 
 other; and secured by transverse liga- 
 ments, ligamens cuniens. 
 
 CUNEIFORMS, adj., cuneiformis, L., 
 keilformig, G., cuneiform, wedge-shap- 
 ed : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to 
 the Sphenoid bone, see SPHENOIDE ; 2. to 
 the third in the first row of carpal bones, 
 see CARPE, and PVRAMIDAL ; 3. to the 
 basilar process of the occipital, see BASI- 
 LAIRE ; and 4. to three bones, les os cu- 
 neiformes, F., ossa cuneiformia, G., keil- 
 beine, die keilformigen beine, G. forming 
 part of the second larsal row, and occupy- 
 ing the anterior and internal region of the 
 foot. These bones are, respectively, dis- 
 tinguished as the first, great, or internal ; 
 the second, small, or central ; and the third, 
 middle-sized, or external, cuneiform bone. 
 They are united, together, by the cuneal 
 
 articulations, see CUNEEN ; posteriorly, 
 
 to the scaphoid bone, by an articulation, 
 termed, in French, art. cuneo-scapho'idienne, 
 and strengthened, above, by the dorsal, 
 below, by the plantar ligaments ; and ex- 
 ternally, through the 3rd cuneiform, to the 
 cuboid bone, see CUBOIDE, by an arti- 
 culation, hence called cuneo-cuboidal, as are 
 the synovial capsule, and two ligaments, 
 dorsal and plantar, with which it is pro- 
 vided. Anteriorly and laterally, they sus- 
 tain the first four metatarsal bones, die 
 mittelfussknochen, G. Lastly, two carti- 
 laginous pieces, lubercules cuneiformes, F. 
 
 which occupy the summit of the aryte- 
 
 noids, and the interval existing between 
 them and the epiglottis. 
 
 In Botany, those parts, or organs, of 
 plants, which, enlarging from base to sum- 
 mit, exhibit a wedge-like figure : as the 
 leaves, feuilles cuneiformes, F., die keil- 
 formigen blatter, G., of Verbena cuneifor- 
 mis ; the petals of Linum austriacum ; and 
 filaments of Thalictrum petaloideum. 
 
 CUPULAIRE, adj., cupularis ( cupula, a 
 little cup), L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Surgeons, to a cup-shaped cautery, Cau- 
 tere cupulaire, F., formerly used in cau- 
 terization of the cranial integuments. 
 
 188 
 
 CUR 
 
 CUPULE, s. f., cupula, f. L., becher, 
 m., becherhulle, f., hiillkatzchen, n. G. : 
 in Botany, an assemblage of minute scaly 
 bractete, connected at their base, and form- 
 ing a cup, by which the flowers of certain 
 plants are surrounded ; and which is persis- 
 tent either around the base only of the 
 fruit, as in Quercus , or completely enve- 
 lopes it, as in Corylus. CUPULE, adj., cu- 
 pulatus, L., becherartig, G., furnished 
 with a cup, cup-like. CUPULIFEKE, adj., 
 cupuliferus, bechertragend, ? G., cupu- 
 liferous, bearing a cup. 
 
 CURATIF, adj., heilend, G., curative, 
 that which relates to the cure of a disease : 
 Ex. Indications curatives, F., the indica- 
 tions which determine the mode of treat- 
 ment to be employed in any given case ; 
 traitement curatif, mtthode curative, heil- 
 methode, f. G., a curative plan of treat- 
 ment ; moyen , remede curatif, heilmit- 
 tel, arzeneymittel, a curative remedy. 
 
 CURCUMA, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Curcuma ( Monandria, monogyn. ; Amo- 
 mete), L., die Kurkuma, Gelbwurz, In- 
 dianischer Safran, G., Turmeric, com- 
 prehending many species : the tubers of 
 several or which yield a very pure and 
 nutritive starch, resembling arrow-root 
 The roots of C. longa, c. long, F., em- 
 ployed, by the Indians, as a condiment, are 
 tonic, stimulant, and antiscorbutic. Similar 
 properties are possessed by those of C. ro- 
 tunda, c. rond. In Europe, they are used 
 merely as a yellow dye. The karkom of 
 the Hebrew and Arabic, and kurkam of the 
 Chaldee, Turmeric is supposed, by some 
 writers, to be the xgoxas, of the Septuagint. 
 
 CURCUMINE, s. f., curcumina, f. L. : 
 the colouring matter, obtained from the 
 roots of Curcuma longa. 
 
 CURE-DENT, s. m., dentiscalpium, n. 
 L., zahnstocher, s. m., a tooth-pick 
 C LAXGUE, s. m., lingusescalpium, a 
 tongue-scraper. OREILLE, s. m., auri- 
 scalpium, ohrloff'el, m. G., an ear-pick. 
 
 CURETTE, s. f. cochleare, n. L. : a 
 Surgical Instrument possessing the figure 
 of a spoon ; but variable in dimensions : 
 employed in the extraction of foreign bo- 
 dies, as of balls from gun-shot wounds ; 
 concretions from the urinary bladder after 
 the operation ; and of extraneous substan- 
 ces introduced into the meatus auditorius 
 and nasal cavities. 
 
 CURVATEUR, adj., curvator (curvare, 
 to bend), L. ; a term applied, by French 
 Anatomists, to the Coccygeus muscle, 
 m. curvateur du coccyx, see ISCHIO-COCCV- 
 GIEN: by Soemmering, to a bundle of 
 fleshy fibres, m. cMrva/orcoccygis; which, 
 descending upon the middle of the coccyx, 
 unites, on each side, with the Coccygeus. 
 
 CURVINERVE, adj., curvinervis, L., 
 krummnervig, G. : an epithet applied, in
 
 CYA 
 
 Botany, to the leaves of plants which, like 
 those of Plantago media, have their ner- 
 vures prolonged in a curved direction. 
 
 CUSPIDE, adj., cuspidatus (cuspis, a 
 point), L., feingespitzt, G., cuspidate, 
 pointed : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to the canine teeth, dents cuspide.cs, F., 
 denies cuspidati, L., of man and divers 
 Mammifera, see CANIN, and DENT : in 
 Botany, to the specific designation of cer- 
 tain plants whose leaves, like those of Aca- 
 lypha cuspidata, terminate in a fine and in- 
 durated point. 
 
 CUTANE, adj., cutaneus, L., hautig, 
 zur haul gehorig, G., cutaneous, pertain- 
 ing to the skin, cutis, L. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to certain muscles and 
 nerves which are superficially seated : as 1. 
 the Platysma myoides muscle, m. cutane, 
 
 F., musculus cutaneus, L. Aaw/halsmus- 
 
 kel, G of the neck, see PEAUCIER; also 
 to the m. cutane du coccyx, coccygien posle- 
 rieur, of some Anatomists, a bundle of 
 muscular fibres which forms part of the 
 Coccygeus, see Iscmo-CoccYGiEN: and 2. 
 two nerves of the thoiacic limb, a. Nerf cu- 
 tane interne (cubito-cutane, Ch.), nervus 
 cutaneus internus, L. innerer haulnerve, ? 
 G., the smallest branch given off by the 
 brachial plexus, accompanying the basilic 
 vein, and finally distributed on the inside 
 of the fore-arm and wrist ; and b. n. cutane 
 externe (radio-cutane, Ch.), see Muscu- 
 
 OL-CUTANE. 
 
 In Physiology, the important functions 
 of absorption and exhalation, performed by 
 the vessels of the skin, are designated by 
 the epithet, cutaneous, absorpt. et exhalat. 
 cutances, F. : and, in Pathology, the dis- 
 eases which affect the skin, are termed ma- 
 ladies cutanees, by the French, morbi cu- 
 tanei, by the Latin, and Aawikrankheiten, 
 by German writers. See Alibert's splen- 
 did Traite, complet des Maladies de la Peau, 
 fol., Paris, 1832 ; and Bateman's valuable 
 Delineations of Cutaneous Diseases, 4to 
 London, 1831. 
 
 CUTICUJ.E, s. f., cuticula, f. (dimin. of 
 cutis, skin), L. See EPIDERME. 
 
 CYANATE, s. m., cyanas, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, cyansaure 
 salze, G. resulting from the combination 
 of cyanic acid, acide cyanique, F. acidum 
 cyanicum, L. cyansaure. G. (itself a com- 
 pound of oxygen and cyanogen), with sa- 
 lifiable bases. 
 
 CYANITE, s. m., cyanis, m. L. : a ge- 
 nus of salts, cyam^saure salze, G., re- 
 sulting from the combination ofcyanous a- 
 cid, acide cyaneux, F., acidum cyano- 
 sum, L., cyanige siiure, G., with salifia- 
 ble bases. This acid constitutes, according 
 to the French chemists, the first as the 
 cyanic, the second degree of oxydation of 
 cyanogen. 
 
 189 
 
 CYC 
 
 CYANOGENE, s. m., cyanogenium, n. 
 (xvuvo;, blue, yiivoftKt, to produce), L.. 
 der blaustoff, cyan, kyanogen, n. G., cy- 
 anogen : in Chemistry, a combination of 
 carbon and azote, discovered, in 1814, by 
 Gay-Lussac ; and so designated, as form- 
 ing one of the principal constituents of 
 Prussian blue, and the basis of hydrocyanic 
 acid, die basis der blausiiure, G. 
 
 CYANCMETRE, s. m., cyanometrium, 
 n. (vavo{, and ^s-rgav, measure), L., ky^ 
 anometer, n. G., cyanometer : an instru- 
 ment invented, by Saussure, to prove that 
 the air is colourless ; and that the azure 
 tint of the sky is produced by vapours 
 suspended in the atmosphere. 
 
 CYANOPATHIE, s. f., cyanopathia, f. 
 (x,va,vos, and va.6os, disease), L/., blau- 
 sucht, f. G., the ictere bleu, maladie bleue, 
 morbus caeruleus, blue disease, of the 
 older French, Latin, and British writers : 
 in Pathology, an affection in which the 
 whole surface of the body exhibits a blue 
 or purple colour. It ordinarily results 
 from a communication between the aortic 
 and pulmonary cavities of the heart, or 
 from some obstacle to the circulation, ex- 
 isting in the former. Cyanopathy consti- 
 tutes the llth genus in the 6th Family, 
 Angioses, of the Nosologie Naturelle, of A- 
 libert. 
 
 CYANOSE, s.f. Syn. with CYANOPATHIE. 
 CYATHIFORME, adj., cyathiformis, L., 
 becherformig, G., cyathiform : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Zoology and Botany, to 
 the specific designation of animals whose 
 organs, as the head of Tcenia cyathiformis, 
 exhibit the figure of a cup, cyathus : and 
 to the parts of plants which, as the corolle 
 cyathifoime, F., becherformige blumen- 
 krone, G., of Symphytum luberosum, dis- 
 play the like peculiarity of configuration. 
 CYCLAME, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cyclamen ( Pentandria, monogyn. ; Primu- 
 lacece), L., das Saubrod, Schweinsbrod, 
 G., Sow-bread, comprehending, among 
 others, an European species, C. Europce- 
 um, hederifolium, Sm. ? common ivv- 
 leaved ? sow-bread. The acrid root "of 
 this formerly entered into the composition 
 of an unguent, Onguent d'Arthanita, F. ; 
 which, rubbed in upon the abdomen and e- 
 pigastrium, excited vomiting and diarrhoea. 
 CYCLE, s. m., cyclus, m. (xux^os, a cir- 
 cle), L., zirkel, m. G. : a term applied, 
 by the sect of the Methodists, in Medi- 
 cine, to a series of curative remedies ; each 
 of the three stages of which was continued 
 during a certain number of commonly 
 nine days. This treatment was institut- 
 ed to effect a complete revolution in the 
 system of subjects suffering from chronic 
 disease. CYCLIQUE, adj., belonging to 
 the cycle : Ex. Methode cyclique, F., the 
 mode of treatment of diseases by the cycle.
 
 CYN 
 
 CYCLOPE, s. m. : a foetus possessed of 
 but one eye, which occupies the middle of 
 the fore-head. 
 
 CYCLOTOME, s. m., cyclotomus, m. 
 (xuxXs, a circle, riptu, I cut), L. : an in- 
 strument invented, by Gue'rin, of Bor- 
 deaux, for the performance of the opera- 
 tion for cataract by extraction. It con- 
 sisted of a circle, of silver, destined to fix 
 the eye-ball, while the incision of the cor- 
 nea was made by a spring-Waofe connected 
 with the body of the instrument: and has 
 fallen into merited neglect. 
 
 CYESIOLOGIE, s. f., cyesiologia, f. (xu- 
 fis, pregnancy, >.i-ya, I teach), L,., die 
 schwangerschaftslehre, G. : the history, or 
 doctrine, of the phenomena of pregnancy. 
 
 CYLINDRE, s. m. : a term vulgarly ap- 
 plied, in French, to an instrument of cop- 
 per or lead ; which, filled with live coals, 
 is employed to elevate the water of the 
 warm bath to the requisite temperature. 
 
 CYLiNDRiQUE,adj., xu^iy^ixas, cylin- 
 dricus, L., cylindrisch, walzig, G., cy- 
 lindrical : an epithet applied, in Zoology 
 and Botany, to the parts or organs of ani- 
 mals or plants, which exhibit the figure of 
 a cylinder, xy'x/vW, cylindrus, L., ky- 
 linder, m., cylindrical body, langrunder 
 korper, walze, G. : as among Insects, the 
 abdomen of Empis cylindrica ; the antenna; 
 of the Crickets; and corslet of the Saperdce: 
 plants, the axis of Zea mais ; calyx of 
 Dianthus ; catkin of the male flowers of 
 Faff us sylvatica ; legume of Cassia fistula; 
 peduncles of Atropa belladonna ; and tube 
 of the corolla of Mirabilis Jalapa. 
 
 CYLINDROIDE, adj., xv^tvlgoafas, xuXiv- 
 $&)?, cylindroides, L. kylinderformig, 
 walzenformig, G., cylindroid, resembling, 
 exhibiting the figure of, a cylinder : an epi- 
 thet applied, by Chaussier, to the cornua 
 Ammonis, protuberances cylindroides, F., 
 of the ventricles of the brain. 
 
 CYLLOSE, s. f., cyllosis, f. (xv>.}.atris t 
 the act of making crooked, mutilation), L.: 
 lameness, from original defect of structure 
 or mutilation. 
 
 CYMATODE, adj., xvpianulltis, xu/jtetru- 
 $?, fluctuating, undulating : as the pulse 
 of an individual suffering from extreme 
 debility. 
 
 CYME, s. f., cyma, f. L., trugdolde, 
 f. G.: in Botany, the assemblage of branch- 
 es which terminates the naked stem of 
 trees ; of flowers whose peduncles, 
 springing from one common point, pro- 
 duce pedicles of unequal length; and which 
 yet present a nearly level or mostly con- 
 vex surface : as in Sambucus nigra. CY- 
 MEUX, adj., cymosus, trugdoldenfb'rm- 
 ig, trugdolden tragend, cymose, disposed 
 in the figure of , bearing a cyme. 
 
 CYKANCHE, ou CYNANCIE, s. f., xv- 
 : in Nosology, a genus of diseases, 
 
 J90 
 
 CYN 
 
 Cynanche, Angina, L., seeAxciNE, die 
 Briiune, G., comprehending several spe- 
 cies, of an inflammatory character. The 
 term is compounded of xvui, a dog, and 
 a.yx,<) I strangle ; because in the suffoca- 
 tive affections, which it is employed to de- 
 signate, the "tongue(sometimes) protrudes 
 from the mouth of the patient, like that 
 of a panting dog" 
 
 CYNANCUFE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany 
 Cynanchium (Pentandria, digyn. ; Apoci- 
 nece), L., der Hundewiirger, G., Dogs'- 
 bane, comprizing several South-Europe- 
 an and exotic species, some of which are 
 useful in medicine : C. monspeliacum fur- 
 nishes the Montpellier Scammony, scam- 
 monte de Montpellier, F., a purgative gum- 
 resin ; the leave* of C. arghel resemble, in 
 their properties, and are frequently em- 
 ployed to adulterate, those of Senna ; and 
 the roots of C. vomitorium, I" Ipecacuanha 
 de Vile de France, are emetic. 
 
 CYNANTHROPIE, s. , cynanthropia, f. 
 (xuuv, a dog, av^au-aj, a man), L., kynan- 
 thropie, f. G. ? cynanthropy : a variety 
 of melancholia or mania, in which the pa- 
 tient, xMtivfeu'ros, ein kynanthrop, 
 
 thinks himself transformed into , and 
 imitates the voice and habits of, a dog. 
 
 CYNIPS, s. m., F. and L. : a genus of 
 Hymenopterous Insects ; several of which, 
 as C. psenas, gallae tinctoriee, et rosae, 
 are interesting in horticulture and the 
 arts. The 1st, c. dufiguier, F., operates 
 the fecundation of the fig-tree by trans- 
 porting the pollen of the male to the fe- 
 male flowers: the 2nd, c. de la galle, pro- 
 duces, on a species of oak, growing in the 
 
 Levant, the well-known nut-gall, see 
 
 GALLE : and the last, de la rose, the 
 BEDEGUAR. All the various species of 
 Cynips cause excrescences on different 
 plants by puncturing the epidermis for 
 the deposition of their ova. 
 
 CYNIQUE, adj., xwtxos, cynicus, L 
 
 cynisch, hiindisch, G., cynic, belonging 
 to a dog : Ex. Spasme cynique, F., spas- 
 mus cynicus, L., Awwrfskrampf, m. G., a 
 convulsive contraction of the muscles of 
 one side of the face, klonischer krampf 
 der gesichtsmuskeln, G. 
 
 CYXOGLOSSE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cynoglossum (Pentandria, monogyn. ; Bor- 
 raginece), L., die Hundszunge, G., 
 Hounds'-tongue, containing many her- 
 baceous species. The leaves of one of 
 these, C. ojficinale, langue de chien, xuvo- 
 yKuffirov, are reputed anodyne. 
 
 CYNOREXIE, s. , cynorexia, cynorex- 
 is, (xuav, a dog, {!<?, appetite), L., 
 hundshunger, m. G., canine appetite 
 See CANIN. 
 
 CYNORRHODON, s. m. : an antiquated 
 name of the Dog-rose, Rosa canina, see 
 , borrowed from the Greek, xnsppo-
 
 CYS 
 
 Son. The fruit, fr. d'eglantier, consti- 
 tutes the basis of a French Officinal Con- 
 serve, Conserva Cynorrhodi, Ph. Gall. 
 
 CYPHOME, s. m., xv<fu/u,K, cyphoma, 
 
 n. L,., buckel, hbcker auf dem rucken, G., 
 
 hump upon the back. CUPHOSE, s. f., 
 xvfrorrn, cyphosis, L. : a term, in Patho- 
 logy, not syn. with , but expressing the 
 formation of , or the condition of an indi- 
 vidual suffering from, cyphoma. 
 
 CYPRIN, s. m. : a genus of Osseous Fish- 
 es, Cyprinus, dedicated to the Cyprian Ve- 
 nus, see CARPE : as, also, BARBEAU, 
 
 BREME, GOUJON, TANCHE. 
 
 CYSSOTE, s. , cyssotis, f. (*/?, the 
 anus), L. : in Pathology, inflammation of 
 the inferior extremity of the rectum. 
 
 CYSTALGIE, s. f., cystalgia, f. (xvtrrt;, 
 the bladder, u.Xyos, pain), I/., blasen- 
 schmerz, m. G., pain or neuralgia of the 
 bladder : the 8th genus of the Uroses, in 
 the Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 CYSTANASTROPHE, s. f., F. and L. (KITV- 
 <ris, oivu,<f]o$ri, inversion), extrophie de la 
 vessie, inversion or rather eversion see 
 ANASTUOPIIIE, of the urinary bladder, 
 kystanastrophe, die umkehrung der blase, 
 G. : an original defect of conformation. 
 
 CYSTAUCIIENOTOMIE, s. f., cystauche- 
 notomia, f. (xuo-nt, av-^y, the neck, 
 Tafj.n, section), L., der blasenhalsschnitt, 
 G., incision of the neck of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTENCEPHALE, s. m. (same, and xt- 
 0aXj, the head) : a term applied, by Geof- 
 iroy-St.-Hilaire, to monsters, whose brain, 
 restricted in its development, presents it- 
 self in the form of a bladder, with a mam- 
 melated surface. 
 
 CYSTEOLITHE, s. m., cysteolithos, m. 
 (same, and x<V, a stone), L. blasenstein, 
 m. G., vesical concretion, stone in the 
 bladder. Kraus contends that cystolilhus 
 is the proper construction of the Latin 
 term : and introduces the substantive, 
 Cystolithiasis, with its German synonym, 
 harnblasensteinkrankheit, as expressive of 
 disease connected with stone of the urinary 
 bladder. 
 
 CYSTHEPATIQUE, adj cysthepatii 
 
 (same, and jfVag, liver), L. : an epithet 
 plied to excretory vessels, which are suppos- 
 ed, in some animals, to convey the bile di- 
 rectly from the liver to the gall-bladder. 
 They do not exist in man. 
 
 CYSTHEPATOLITHIASE, s. f., cysthepa- 
 tolithiasis, or, according to Kraus, cysti- 
 depatolithiasis, f. (same, V, liver, x/- 
 fiao-id formation of concretions), gallen- 
 steinkrankheit, f. G. : disease connected 
 with the presence of biliary calculi. 
 
 CYSTICERQUE, s. m. : a genus of Ento- 
 aoary Vesicular Worms, of the Family of 
 the Hydatids, Cyslicercus (xu<rris, xigxo;, 
 a tail), L., distinguished by the caudal 
 vesicle, probably performing the offices 
 
 191 
 
 1CUS, 
 
 ap- 
 
 CYS 
 
 of a stomach, in which the cylindrical or 
 slightly depressed body of the animal ter- 
 minates. The genus is thus characterized 
 by Rudolphi, Synopsis Entzocrum, p. 179 : 
 Vesica externa simplex, continens entzoon 
 solitarium, cujus corpus teretiusculum, vel 
 depressum, abiens in vesicam caudalem. 
 Caput osculis suctoriis quatuor, rostel- 
 loque uncinato instructum. Cloquet, who 
 asserts that several individuals are some- 
 times contained in one cyst, enumerates 
 five species, as infesting the human body : 
 
 1. C. tenuicollis ; 2. celluloses ; 3. 
 
 Fischerianus ; 4. dicystus , 5. albo- 
 punctatus. See Faune des Mcdecins, v. iv., 
 p. 381. The disease of swine, termed la- 
 drerie, F. is caused by an animal of the 
 Bladder-tail genus. 
 
 CYSTIPHLOGIE, s. f.. cystiphlogia, f. 
 
 fe!/<r<r/J, bladder, 0Xay&/<r/j, inflammation), 
 . Synon. with CYSTITE. 
 
 CYSTIQUE, adj., cysticus (xutr-ri;, the 
 bladder of bile or urine), L., cystic, per- 
 taining, A, to the gall , u, to the urinary 
 bladder : an epithet employed, in Anato- 
 my, to designate, under A, 1. an artery, 
 artere cystique, F., arteria cystica, JL., 
 ffallenblasenschlagader, G., a branch of 
 the hepatic, accompanied by two veins, 
 veines cystiques, ^a/<'en6/ase?iblutadern, 
 which terminate in the vena portarum ; 2. 
 a duct, conduite cystique, see CANAL, 
 which conveys the cystic bile, b. cystique, 
 from the gall-bladder into the common 
 or cysto-hepatic duct : in Pathology, to 
 concretions, calculs eystiques, F., -gallen- 
 
 blasentiteme, G., see CALCUL, which 
 
 frequently form in the gall-bladder : and, 
 under B, to a peculiar, crystalline, yellow, 
 semi-transparent substance, oxide cys- 
 tique, F., the cystic oxide, which, result- 
 ing from a morbid action of the kidneys, 
 occasionally forms urinary concretions. 
 See CALCUL. 
 
 CYSTIRRHAGIE, s. f., cystirrhagia, , 
 cystorrhagia, Kraus (xvo-ns, (nywpi, to 
 burst forth), L, die blutung aus der harn- 
 llase, G., hemorrhage from the bladder. 
 
 CYSTIRRHEE, s.f. cystirrhrea, f. (same, 
 and p'iw, I flow), L. : discharge of mucus, with 
 the urine, from the bladder of persons af- 
 fected with cystitis ; the chronic vesical 
 catarrh, of some authors, vesical mucous 
 flux, of others : sometimes confounded 
 with CYSTIRRHAGIE. 
 
 CYSTITE, s. f., cystitis, f. L, blasen- 
 
 entziindung, G., inflammation of the 
 
 bladder : constituting, in its chronic stage, 
 the catarrhe vesical, of French authors. 
 
 CYSTITOME, s. m. See CYSTOTOME. 
 
 CYSTO-BUBOKOCELE, s. m., ou f., cys- 
 to-bubonocele (xua-ns, /Sau&av, the groin, 
 *>ixj, hernial tumour), hernia vesicce in- 
 ffiiine elapsa, L, hernia of the bladder 
 through the inguinal canal.
 
 CYS 
 
 CYSTOCELE, s. m. and f., cystocele 
 
 (xv<rns, xfari), hernia vesicalis, L ., bla- 
 senbruch, in. G., hernia of the urinary 
 bladder : an affection, constituting, under 
 the modified designation of Cystocelie, the 
 10th genus of the Uroses, in the Nosologie 
 Naturelle, of Alibert. Cystocele biliaire, 
 F., hernia vesicae fellese, L.., gallenbla- 
 senbruch, G., hernia of the gall-bladder. 
 
 CYSTODYNIE, s. f. cystodynia, f. (same, 
 and oSt/'y>i, pain), L., harnblasenschmerz, 
 m. G., pain in the bladder. This com- 
 pound is meant to express rheumatic pains, 
 seated in the muscular tunic of the organ: 
 while cystalgie, on the contrary, indicates 
 rather a neuralgic affection. 
 
 CYSTO-LITHIASE, s. f., cysto-lithiasis, 
 L.., blasensteinkrankheit, f. G., a morbid 
 affection, connected with the existence of 
 calculus, of the bladder. CYSTO-LITHIQUE, 
 adj., cystolithicus, relating to calculi of 
 the bladder. 
 
 CYSTO-MEROCELE, s. f. cystomerocele 
 (xvffns, bladder, (infa, thigh, xfav, her- 
 nia), L blasenschenkelbruch, m. G.? 
 hernia of the bladder through the crural arch. 
 
 CYSTOPHLOGIE,S. SeeCYSTiPHLOGiE. 
 
 CYSTOPLEGIE, s. f., cystoplegia, 
 
 (same, and v*.w<ru, I strike), cystoparaly- 
 
 sis, f. L., kystoplegie, harnblasenlahm- 
 
 ung, f. G., paralysis of the urinary blad- 
 der. CYSTOPLEGIQUE, adj., cystoplegi- 
 
 cus, cystoparalyticus, an kystoparalyse 
 
 leidend, dazu gehb'rig, suffering from , 
 pertaining to, vesical paralysis. 
 
 CYSTOPTOSE, s. f., cystoptosis (same, 
 and xruffi;, fall), L.., harnblasenvorfall, 
 m. G. relaxation and prolapsus of the in- 
 ternal membrane, through the neck, of the 
 bladder. 
 
 CYSTOPYIQUE, adj cystopyicus (same, 
 and -rvav, pus), Li., relating to suppuration 
 of the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOSOMATOTOMIE, s. f., cystosoma- 
 totomia, (same, rapa, body, ropv, in- 
 cision), L., blasenkb'rperschnitt, m. G. 
 incision of the body of the urinary bladder. 
 
 CYSTOSPASTIQUE, adj., cystospasticus 
 
 CYT 
 
 (xvffTn, bladder, ?*a<r'nxcf,subjectto spasm) 
 L. : an epithet applied to affections con- 
 nected with, or individuals suffering from, 
 spasm of the bladder, Cystospa-sme, F. ? 
 cystospasmus, L., ^-kystospasmus, blasen- 
 krampf, G. 
 
 CYSTOSTENOCHORIE, s. , cystosteno- 
 choria, f. (same, and a-<riva%iapiu, narrowness 
 of space), Li., kystostenocnorie, , diece- 
 rengerung der harnblase durch verdickung 
 der haute, G., diminution of the capacity 
 of the urinary bladder, from thickening of 
 its membranes. 
 
 CYSTOTHROMBOIDE, adj., cystothrom- 
 boides (same, and 6^'o^os, a clot), L., re- 
 lating to the presence of coagula of blood in 
 the bladder. 
 
 CYSTOTOME, s. m., cystotomus, m. 
 (xutr-ris, the bladder, TO/U.>I, incision), L., 
 kystotbm, n. G. : in Surgery, 1. a knife 
 employed in cystotomy, CYSTOTOMIE, s. 
 f., cystotomia, f. L., harnblasenschnitt, 
 m. G., or incision of the urinary bladder : 
 2. according to French lexicographers, an 
 instrument cystitome, inventea by La- 
 faye, for incision of the capsule of the crys- 
 talline, in the operation for cataract by ex- 
 traction. Synon. with, but more correct 
 than, LITHOTOME. 
 
 CYSTOTOMIE, s. f. See CYSTOTOME. 
 
 CYSTOTRACHELOTOMIE, s. f. cystotra- 
 chelotomia, f. (*iW;?, bladder, Tja^;Xaf, 
 neck, ropti, incision), L. Synon. with 
 CYSTAUCHENOTOMIE. 
 
 CYTISE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Cy- 
 tisus (Diadelphia, decandr. ; Leguminosce ), 
 L., der Geissklee, G., comprehending, 
 among many other species, an elegant Eu- 
 ropean shrub, C. laburnum, common la- 
 burnum ; the seeds of which are emetic and 
 pun/alive. 
 
 CYTISINE, s. , cytisina, f. L. : the 
 name applied to the bitter principle which, 
 emetic and poisonous, has been discovered, 
 by the French chemists, in the seeds of 
 Cytisus laburnum, and the flowers of Arni- 
 ca. The identity of Cytisin with CATHAR- 
 TINE has been since established. 
 
 D. 
 
 DAC 
 
 DACRYCYSTALGIE, s. , dacrycystal- 
 gia, f. (S*g, I weep, xuirris, a sac, x- 
 yos, pain), L., thranensackschmerz, m. 
 G., pain in the lacrymal sac. 
 
 DACRYOADENALGIE, s. , dacryoade- 
 nalgia, ($ctx/>vu, aSriv, gland, Xyf, 
 pam), L., thranendriisenschmerz, m. G., 
 pain in , DACRYOADENITE, s. , da- 
 cryoadenitis, , L., thranendriisenent- 
 zlindung, f. G., inflammation of, the la- 
 crymal gland. 
 
 192 
 
 DAC 
 
 DACRYOBLENNORRHEE, s. , dacryo- 
 blennorrhoea, (same, /SXma, mucus, 
 piu, I flow), L., thranenschleimfluss, m. 
 G., -flow of mucus mingled with the tears. 
 
 DACRYOCYSTITE, s. , dacryocystitis, 
 f. 1^., entziindung des thranensackes, G., 
 inflammation of the lacrymal sac, DA- 
 CRYOCYSTE, s. , dacryocystis (S*ji/v, a 
 tear, *i/W/?, a sac), 1^., thranensack, m. G. 
 
 DACRYODE, adj., dacryodes (Saxguoe/f, 
 weeping), L. thranenahnlich, thranenart-
 
 DAR 
 
 ig, G. : an epithet applied, in Pathology, 
 to ulcers discharging an abundant sanies. 
 
 DACRYOHJ:MORRHYSE, s. f'., dacryo- 
 hsemorrhysis, f. (Suxgvca, I weep, &7/u.a, 
 blood), L., thranenblutfluss, m. G.,Jlow 
 of tears mingled with blood. 
 
 DACRYOLITHIASE, s. f., dacryolithia- 
 sis, f. (Sx0j>>, a tear, \i6itiffif, formation 
 
 of stones,) L, thranensteinbildung, f. G., 
 
 the formation of a stone-like substance, 
 DACRYOI.ITHE, s. f., dacryolithus, m. I*, 
 thranenstein, m. G., lacrymal concre- 
 tion, in the lacrymal passages. 
 
 DACR YOPE, adj., $KX%V/>VI>IOS, dacryo- 
 pseus, L., exciting tears : an epithet, in 
 Materia Medica, applied to all substances, 
 which, like the alliaceous plants, excite a 
 flow of tears by stimulating the lacrymal 
 gland. 
 
 DACRYOFYORRHEE, s. f., dacryopyor- 
 rhcea, f. (Saxoum, a tear, vuov, pus, (iu, I 
 flow), L., tnraneneiterfluss, m. G.,Jlow 
 of purulent tears. 
 
 DACRYORRHYSE, DACRYORRHEE, s. ; 
 dacryorrhysis, dacryorrhcea, f. (Sa*i/, a 
 tear, fiu, I flow), L., thranenfluss, m. 
 G., -flow of tears. 
 
 DACTYLION, s. m., dactylium, n. (Sax* 
 Tt/Xaf, a ringer), L. : in Surgical Pathology, 
 a term applied, by Vogel, to adhesion of 
 the fingers, congenital or accidental. DAC- 
 TYLITE, s. f., dactylitis, f. L., finger- 
 entzundung, fl G., inflammation of the 
 finder. See PANARIS. 
 
 DACTYI.OTHEQUE, s. m. (Sa^ruXa^a rin- 
 ger, 6rixn, a case) : in Surgery, an instru- 
 ment, for keeping the fingers in extension 
 when these organs have been wounded : 
 in Zoology, that portion of skin,-^dacty- 
 lotheca, f. L., zehenscheide, f. G., by 
 which each toe of the Mammiferous ani- 
 mals is invested. 
 
 DANSE, s. f., %", saHatio, f. L., . 
 tanz, m. G., dance. D. de Saint-Guy, F., 
 chorea Sancti Viti, L., veitsfcrw*, G., 
 St. Guy's or St. Vitus' dance. See CHOREE. 
 
 DAPHNE, s. m., F. and L. : a genus, in 
 Botany, (Octandria, monogyn. ; Thymelee- 
 a), Spurge-Laurel, comprehending se- 
 veral species ; one of which see GAROU, 
 is a medicinal plant ; and yields the or- 
 ganic alcnli, termed DAPHNINE, s. f., 
 daphnina, f. L. ; as well as another pecu- 
 liar substance, produced, also, by D. alpi- 
 na, to which the same designation has been 
 applied. 
 
 DARD, s. m., xivren, spiculum, n. L. : 
 a term employed, in Zoology, to designate 
 the curved point which terminates the tail 
 of the Scorpion ; and the essential part of 
 the sling of Hymenopterous Insects : in Bo- 
 tany, the sting of the nettle, and divers o- 
 ther plants. 
 
 DART os, s. m., Saarof, tunica dartos, 
 Ji., die innere musculose haut dea hoden- 
 
 193 
 
 DAU 
 
 sacks, G.: in Anatomy, the second envelope 
 of the lestes, believed, by the ancients, to 
 possess a muscular structure ; and still de- 
 scribed, by some modern writers, as the 
 dartos muscle. 
 
 DART u E, s. f. (Ja^rcY, flayed) : in Patho- 
 logy, agenus of cutaneous diseases Herpes, 
 Serpigo, f. L., der Herpes, die Flechte, 
 G., constituting the 3rd, in the 6th Or- 
 der, Vesiculce, of Willan, see Bateman, 
 Synopsis, p. xxiv ; and comprehending, in 
 Alibert's arrangement see Tiaitedes Ma- 
 ladies de la Peau, the seven following spe- 
 cies, with their several varieties : D. crus- 
 tacee,trythemoide, furfuracce, phlycte- 
 noide, pusluleuse, rongeante, et squa- 
 meuse, the Herpes crustaceus, erythe- 
 moides, furfuraceus, phlyetenoides, 
 pustulosus, exedens, et squamosus, of 
 Latin writers. DARTREUX, adj., herpe- 
 tieus, herpetisch ?- herpetic : exhibiting 
 the characters of , affected with, herpes. 
 
 DASYTES, s. m., F. and L., S-u<rif, 
 hirsuties, f. L., die rauhigkeit,- starke be- 
 haarung, G. : in Physiology, hairiness, ex- 
 traordinary increase of the haits, or their 
 development upon parts not habitually oc- 
 cupied by them ; roughness of the voice : 
 in Grammar, the state of aspiration of a 
 syllable. 
 
 DATTE, S. f., Sa*TfXj, /SaXava; (ftnvixai, 
 dactylus, m., palmula, f. L., dattel, f. 
 G., date : the fruit of the common date- 
 palm, DAT TIER, s. m., Phcenix dactylifera, 
 -^der Dattelbaum, a lofty palm growing 
 in Barbary and the Levant. This fruit, 
 of an agreeable and saccharine flavour, 
 constitutes greater part of the food of the 
 natives. Wine and brandy are prepared 
 from it, by the Arabs. The tree is the 
 Tamar, of the Hebrews. 
 DATURA, s. m. See STRAMOINE. 
 DAUPHIN, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Delphinus ( Mammifera, Cetacea), L. der 
 Delphin, G., the Dolphin. It is charac- 
 terized by the presence of teeth in both 
 jaws, dentes in maxilla utraque ; and 
 hence constitutes a distinct Section or 
 Sub-order, Ambidentata, of the Cetacea. 
 It comprehends, with the common Dol- 
 phin, D. delphis, SsXifJf, tiimmler, m. 
 G., six European species. The Beluga, 
 or white whale, from the absence of a dor- 
 sal fin, has been formed into a new genus, 
 under the title of Delphinapterus. See 
 Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History 
 Society, vol. iii., p. 371. 
 
 DAUPHiNEtLE, s. f. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Delphinium ( Polyandria, trigyn. ; Ra- 
 nunculacecB ), L., der Rittersporn, G., . 
 Larkspur ; comprehending, among other 
 species, 1. the field , D.eonsolida, d. des 
 champs, F., employed, by the ancients, 
 as a vulnerary, and with seeds resembling, 
 in their properties, those of, 2., D. slaphit- 
 
 O
 
 DEC 
 
 agria, see STAPHYSAIORE ; and 3. the 
 common bee , D. elatum, d. elevee, 
 the seeds of which arc sometimes fraudu- 
 lently substituted for those of Sabadilla, 
 see CEVADILLE. 
 
 DAVIER, s. m., oSovrayja, forfex den- 
 talis, L zahnzange, f. G. tooth-forceps. 
 
 DEALBATION, s. f., dealbatio, f. L., 
 weissen, bleichen, n. G. : in Chemistry, 
 the act of whitening or bleaching. 
 
 DEARTICULATION, s. f'., dearticulatio, 
 f. Li. ? "Siagfyutris, literally, separation of 
 a joint ; but employed, in Anatomy, as 
 designative of an articulation admitting of 
 motion in various directions ; and synon. 
 with Abarticulation. 
 
 DEBILITATION, s. f. , debilitatio, f. L., 
 entkfaftung, f. G. See AFFAIBI.ISSE- 
 MENT. DEBIHTANT, adj., debilitans, 
 producing weakness: Ex. Dibilitants, F., 
 remedia debilitantia, L., debilitating re- 
 medies. 
 
 DEBILITE, s. f., debilitas, f. L., kraft- 
 losigkeit, schwache, schwachheit, f. G., 
 debility, weakness. Syuon. with FAI- 
 BLESSE. DEBILITE, adj., debilitatus, 
 weakened, suffering from debility. 
 
 DEBOITEMENT, s. m., verrenkung, f. 
 G. : a popular synonym of dislocation. 
 See LUXATION. 
 
 DEBORDEMENT, s. m., effusio, f. L., 
 ergiessung, f. G., literally, an effusion 
 or overflowing ; but employed, in popular 
 language, to designate a sudden and gene- 
 rally profuse evacuation per os vel anum. 
 
 DEBRIDEMENT, s. m., frsenorum solu- 
 tio, li., abzaumung, f. G., literally, un- 
 bridling : employed, in Surgery, to desig- 
 nate an operation destined for removal of 
 the strangulation of certain parts or or- 
 gans, by division of the various structures 
 which exercise a compression on them ; 
 as in hernia, anthrax, paraphymosis, and 
 inflammation of the cellular tissue of the 
 cranium. DEBRIDEK, v. a., fraena sol- 
 vere, abzaumen to unbridle, to effect, 
 by incision, the liberation of divers parts 
 from strangulation or undue compression. 
 
 DECAGONE, adj., $ixK<yuvo;, (Ssx, ten, 
 yaiv/a, an angle), decagonus, ll, zehn- 
 eckig, G., ten-angled, exhibiting ten an- 
 gles. 
 
 DECAGRAMME, s. m., decagramma, n. 
 L., dekagramm, n. G. : the weight of 
 ten French gramms. See GRAMME. 
 
 DECAGYNIE, s. f., decagynia, f. (Si*, 
 ten, yuvj, a female), L., zehnweiberey, 
 G.: the title of an Order in the 10th 
 Class of the Linnrean System of Botany ; 
 comprehending the decagynous plants, 
 plantes decagynes, F., plantas decagynee, 
 .., xehnweibige pflanzen, G., or those 
 which are provided with ten pistils. 
 
 DECANDRIE, s. f., decandria, f. (St*, 
 {, male), L., Jdekandrie, zehnman- 
 
 194 
 
 DEC 
 
 nigkeit, f. G.: the name of the 10th Class, 
 and of an Order of four other Classes, in 
 the Linnsean System of Botany; compriz- 
 ing the decandrous plants. DECANDRE, 
 adj., decandrus, zehnmannig, decan- 
 drous, furnished with ten stamens. 
 
 DECANTATION, s. f., decantatio, elutri- 
 
 atio, f. L., ftirayyiffto;, abgiessen, n. 
 
 G. : in Pharmacy, the operation of decant- 
 ing. See CANTHUS. 
 
 DECAPETALE, adj., decapetalus (Sixa, 
 ten, ireraXev, a petal), J*., decapetalous : 
 an epithet appb'ed, in Botany, to the co- 
 rolla of a plant which is composed of ten 
 petals. DECAPHYLLE, adj., decaphyllus 
 (Sixa, pi/xxov, a leaf), L.., zehnblattrig, 
 G., decaph}4lous, ten-leaved ; as the pe- 
 dicle of Oxalis decaphylla, which supports 
 from eight to ten leaflets. 
 
 DECARBONATE, adj., decarbonated : an 
 epithet applied, in Chemistry, to a metallic 
 oxide ; which, like pure magnesia or lime, 
 has been deprived of the carbonic acid 
 wherewith it was previously combined. 
 
 DECASPERME, adj., decaspermus (*, 
 ten, fff'^pa, seed), L., zehnsaamig, G., 
 decaspermal : containing ten seeds, as the 
 berry of Psidium decaspermum. 
 
 DECEMDENTE, adj., decemdentatus 
 
 (decem, ten, dens, a tooth), L,. ten-toothed, 
 exhibiting ten teeth ; as, in Botany, the 
 calyx of Leucas decemdentala. DECEMFIDE, 
 
 adj., decemfidus, L., ten-cleft. DE- 
 
 CEMLOCITLAIRE, adj., decemlocularis, L., 
 ten-celled. 
 
 DECHAUSSEMENT, s. m., dentium 
 
 scalptura, L.., lancing of the gum : an 
 operation, in dental Surgery, by which 
 the gum is detached from a tooth, previ- 
 ously to its extraction. DECHAUSSOIR, 
 s. m., dentis scalpium, L,., instrument 
 zur abldsung des zahnfleisches, G., gum- 
 lancet : the instrument employed in such 
 operation. 
 
 DECHIHEMENT, s. m., fftrafayftos, di- 
 laceratio, f. L., zerreissung, f. G., lace- 
 ration : in Surgical Pathology, a solution 
 of continuity or soft parts, from inordinate 
 extension. Synon. with Dechirure, and 
 RUPTURE. DECHIRE, adj., laceratus, 
 zerschlitzt, lacerated ; as, in Botany, the 
 jagged leaf of Collema lacerum. 
 
 DECIDU, adj., deciduus, L. abfallend, 
 G., deciduous : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to those organs, which, as the 
 calyx and corolla of certain plants, drop off" 
 soon after their development, or the fe- 
 cundation of the individual to which they 
 are attached; and the leaves of trees, which 
 fall in Autumn, see CADUC : in Anato- 
 my, to the most exterior of the festal mem- 
 branes, see CADUCQUE ; and to the teeth, 
 dents de lait, F., dentes decidui, L.., 
 developed in the first dentition of the 
 Mammifera.
 
 DEC 
 
 DECIGRAMME, s. HI., decigranima, n. 
 L. : the lOlh part of the French gramm. 
 
 DKCHN, s. m., dcclinatio, f. L., ab- 
 nehmen, n. G., decline, decay : the con- 
 dition of a thing declining, or drawing to- 
 wards its close ; as in Physiology, the de- 
 cline of age, xa.oa.x.pn, setatis flexus, L., 
 das abnehmen des alters, G. : in Patholo- 
 gy, of a disease or morbid paroxysm, 
 morbi, vel paroxysmi, remissio : in com- 
 mon language, the close, or decline, of day, 
 declin du jour, F.,-~diei inclination DE- 
 CLINE, adj., declinatus, niedergebogen, 
 bent down, procumbent ; as, in Botany, 
 the stile and stamens of (Esculus hippocasta- 
 num ; and stem of Reymatodoji declinatus. 
 
 DECLIVE, adj., declivis, L., steep, in- 
 clining downward ; as, in Surgery, the 
 lower part of a tumour or purulent cyst. 
 
 DECOCTION, s. f., decoctio, f. (coquere, 
 to boil), L., a<pi^v<ri;, abkochung, ab- 
 siedung, f. G. : the act or operation of 
 boiling : also, the product of such opera- 
 tion, ei<p'f^v/ta, .which Chaussier pro- 
 poses to express by the term, DECOCTUM, 
 s. m., decoct, n. G., borrowed from the 
 Latin. Decoction blanche : the Decoctum 
 album, of the older Dispensatories. 
 
 DECOLLEMENT, s. m., decollatio, f. L., 
 literally beheading, enthauptung, f. 
 G. : a term employed, by Pathologists, to 
 express the separation, detachement, F., 
 aufleimung, f. G., of parts previously 
 adherent ; as, in Surgical Pathology, the 
 detachment of a process from the body of a 
 bone, of the skin, in some abscesses and 
 ulcers, of the rectum, in certain fistulas : 
 in Obstetrics, the separation, partial or to- 
 tal, of the placenta, placentae deglutinatio, 
 L., from the internal surface of the ute- 
 rus ; or of the head, obtruncatio, from 
 the body of the foetus in utero. 
 
 DECOLORATION, s. f., decoloratio, L.., 
 entfarbung, f. G., loss of the natural 
 color. DECOLORE, adj., decolor, decolo- 
 ratus, entfarbt, colourless, destitute of 
 the natural colour. 
 
 DECOMBUSTION, s. fc: a term, in Che- 
 mistry, applied, by Fourcroy, as syn. with 
 DESOXIGENATION. 
 
 DECOMPOSITION, s. f., decompositio, 
 dissolutio, f. L., avdxviris, zersetzung, 
 aurlosung, f. G. : in Chemistry, the de- 
 struction of a compound body, by separa- 
 tion of the elements, or principles, of which 
 it is constituted. DECOMPOSE, adj., de- 
 compositus, dissolutus : an epithet, zer- 
 setzt, G applied, in Chemistry, to bodies 
 which have suffered decomposition : in Pa- 
 thology, to that profound alteration Face 
 decomposee, F., in the expression, colour, 
 and, sometimes, even volume of the coun- 
 tenance, which frequently precedes death : 
 in Botany, to the stem of plants, when di- 
 vided, (doppeltzusammengesetzt, G., ) 
 
 195 
 
 DBF 
 
 as that of Ulex Europaeus, into numerous 
 ramifications, from its base; and the 
 leaves, when split, as those of Lindsea de- 
 composita, into many irregular divisions. 
 
 DifeoRTicATiON, s. f., decorticatio, f. 
 I*, abschalung, f. G. : the operation of 
 barking a tree, or removing the first enve- 
 lope of a root or seed. 
 
 DECREPITUDE, s. f., setas decrepita, 
 ultima senectus, L., abgelebtheit, f., das 
 abgelebte alter, G., the uttermost term 
 of senile decay, the extreme period of hu- 
 man life. DicnkpiT, adj., decrepitus, - 
 Itr^aro'ytiaas, abgelebt, decrepid, in ex- 
 treme old age. 
 
 Di-CKEToiRE, adj.,- decretorius, L., 
 entscheidend, G., decretory, judicial, cri- 
 tical, decisive : Dies decretorius, L,.,jour 
 decrttoire, F., the critical day of a disease. 
 
 DECUBITUS, s. in. ; a modern term, in- 
 troduced from the Latin, to express the 
 horizontal posture of the human body ; 
 and synon. with the French, Coucher. 
 
 DECUPELLATION, s. f. See DECANTA- 
 TION. 
 
 DECURRENT, adj., decurrens, L., he- 
 rablaufend, ablaufend, G. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Botany, to leaves, feuilles decur- 
 rentes, F., which, like those of Verbascum 
 thapsus, and Cullumia decurrens, run down, 
 or are prolonged, below, upon the stem. 
 
 DECUSSATION, s. f., decussatio, f. L., 
 crossing, or point of intersection, durch- 
 schneidenpunkt, m. G. The decussation 
 of the nerves of the encephalon, and, espe- 
 cially, that of the optic Pentre-croisement 
 des nerfs optlques, F., has been clearly de- 
 monstrated by various Anatomists. It is 
 much more evident in some of the lower 
 animals, than in man. 
 
 DEDOLATION, s. f., dedolatio, f. L., 
 literally, hewing or chipping : in Surgery, 
 the action whereby a cutting instrument, 
 obliquely applied to any part of the body, 
 inflicts an oblique wound, with loss of sub- 
 stance. 
 
 DBF AIL LANCE, s. f., animi deliquium, 
 L., ohnmacht, f. G., fainting : the first 
 degree of SYNCOPE. 
 
 DEFECATION, s. f., defaecatio, f. (lite- 
 rally, a purification from dregs), I*, ab- 
 klarung, f. G. : in Physiology, the series 
 of vital actions which takes place from the 
 extremity of the ileum to that of the rec- 
 tum ; and terminates in the expulsion of 
 thefeces per anum; also, the act of such 
 expulsion : in Chemistry and Pharmacy, 
 separation, x.a6Kpi<rp.o;, liquoris efaecibut 
 purificatio, L., by repose, of any sub- 
 stances held, in suspension, in a fluid. 
 
 DEFENSE, s. f., tusk : in Comparative 
 Anatomy, the canine tooth of the wild boar, 
 dens apri falcatus, L., der hanzahn 
 eines wilden schweins, G., and the pro- 
 jecting tooth of the elephant, walrus, and 
 
 O2
 
 DEC 
 
 other Mammifera ; destined to serve as an 
 organ of aggression, or defence. 
 
 DEFENSIV, adj., -defensivus, L. : an e- 
 pithet formerly applied to any topical re- 
 medy, serving as the defence, zur ver- 
 theidigung dienend, G., of a diseased or 
 injured part, from the action of surround- 
 ing bodies. 
 
 DEFERENT, adj., carrying, conveying : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to a duct 
 or vessel, canal ou conduit deferent, F., 
 ductus , vas deferens, L,., samengang, 
 G. ; which, constituting the excretory 
 duct of the testis, conveys the semen from 
 that organ to the vesicula seminalis. 
 
 DEFEUILLAISOX. See DEFOLIATION. 
 
 DEFLAGRATION, s. f., deflagratio, s. f., 
 Ijawjoavj, abbrennung, f. G. : in Che- 
 mistry, burning accompanied by the two- 
 fold phenomenon of heat and flame : syn. 
 with COMBUSTION in its most rigorous ac- 
 ceptation. 
 
 DEFLECHI, adj., deflexus, L., herab- 
 hangend, G., bent downward ; as, in Bo- 
 tany, the stem of Echinospermum deflexum. 
 
 DEFLORATION, s. f., defloratio, devir- 
 ginatio, virginis vitiatio, f. L., schandung 
 einer jungfrau, beraubung der jungfer- 
 schaft, G.: in Forensic Medicine, action de 
 deflorerune fille,^-de lui faire exercer le coit 
 pour la premiere fois. See Martini, Intro- 
 dussioni alia Medicina Legale, vol. iii, Capo 
 xii, Deflorassione. DEFLORE, adj., deflo- 
 ratus, abgebluht : an epithet applied, in 
 common or forensic language, in speaking 
 d'une fille qui a perdu sa virginiti : in Bo- 
 tany, of an anther after emission of its 
 
 pollen. 
 
 DEFOLIATION, s. f. defoliatio, foliorum 
 demissio, f. L., <puX).oppoia, entblatter- 
 ung, entlaubung, , abfallen der blatter, 
 G., the falling of leaves. 
 
 DEFORMATION, s. f., deformatio, f. L., 
 verunstaltung, f. G. : in Pathology, mor- 
 bid alteration of the figure of any part of an 
 organized body, animal or plant. 
 
 DEGENERATION, s. f., degeneratio, f. 
 
 L., ixrzovv, ausartung, entartung, f. 
 
 L,. : in Pathology, the action whereby an 
 organized body, exposed to the influence 
 of Deteriorating causes, alters for the worse, 
 or loses its generic character. 
 
 DEGENERESCENCE, s. f. : synon. with 
 DEGENERATION ; but more frequently 
 employed, by the French pathologist, in 
 speaking of structures which have degene- 
 rated from their original nature. 
 
 DEGLUTITION, s. f., deglutitio, f. L., 
 j<rsra<nf, niederschlucken, verschluck- 
 en, n. G., swallowing: in Physiology, 
 the act of conveying alimentary and other 
 substances from mouth to stomach through 
 the pharynx and oesophagus. 
 
 DEGORGEMENT, s. m.,- effusio, f. L., 
 ausgiessung, ergiessung, G. : in Patho- 
 
 196 
 
 DEI, 
 
 logy, a condition, or phenomenon, opposeJ 
 to that of fulness or congestion, see EN- 
 GORGEMENT. Dcgorgement de bile, a tud- 
 den evacuation of bile. 
 
 DEGOUT, s. m., cibi fastidium, L., . 
 ekel fiir speisen, G., aversion , disgust 
 for food. See APOSITIE. 
 
 DEGRE, s. m., gradus, m. L., grad, n. 
 G., degree or stage : a term employed to 
 designate, in Physics, the divisions of the 
 scale of areometrical, thermometrical, and 
 other graduated instruments ; and the va- 
 riations of atmospheric density or tempe- 
 rature which they indicate : in Materia 
 Medica, by Galen, to express the hypo- 
 thetical qualities, with respect to coldness, 
 heat, humidity, and dryness, of various 
 medicinal remedies : in Pathology, to de- 
 note the intensity, or precise period, of 
 certain injuries or diseases ; as brulure au 
 premier degre, F., a burn, of the first de- 
 gree, see BRULURE ; troisieme degri de la 
 phthisie pulmonaire, du cancer stomacal, 
 the third stage of pulmonary phthisis, 
 of gastric cancer. 
 
 DEGUSTATION, s. f., degustatio, f L., 
 kosten, n. G. : in Physiology, the act of 
 tasting, appreciation of the sapid qualities 
 of a body by the organs of taste. 
 
 DEJECTION, s. f., dejectio, f. L.., v-re- 
 %ugvua, stuhlgang, m. G. : in Physiolo- 
 gy, the excretion of fecal matters, synon. 
 with DEFECATION. Employed, also, in 
 the plural, ordinarily in conjunction with 
 the epithet, alvines, dejectiones alvinae, 
 L., to designate the excrements them- 
 selves. 
 
 DELAY ANT, adj., diluens, L verdiin- 
 nend, G., diluent : an epithet applied, in 
 Materia Medica, to remedies, delay ants, 
 F., remedia diluentia, L,., -die verdun- 
 nwre^smittel, G., which are supposed to 
 possess the property of thinning, or dilut- 
 ing, the blood and other animal fluids. 
 
 DELETERS, adj., S*iXT'^of, deleteri- 
 u, L., verderblich, todhch, deleteri- 
 ous : an epithet applied to every substance 
 or body, by which life is immediately or 
 remotely destroyed: Miasmes dtleteres, F., 
 deleterious miasms ; SXjT>j/av ^a^axav, 
 venenum lethale, L., a deadly poison. 
 
 OBLIGATION, s. f., deligatio, f. L., 
 wrStffis, verbindung, f. G., the act of 
 binding up : a term applied, in Surgery, 
 to the binding up of wounds, vulnerum 
 deligatio, plagarum vinctura, L., the regu- 
 lar and methodical application of bandages, 
 fasciatio, fasciarum applicatio. 
 
 DELIQUESCENCE, s. f., deliquescentia, 
 f. L.., <rrfen, zerfliessbarkheit, zerfliess- 
 ung, f. G. : the property possessed, by 
 divers substances, of absorbing the humi- 
 dity of the atmosphere, and assuming a 
 fluid state ; as the acetate of potass, and o- 
 ther deliquescent salts, tels dfliquetcents,
 
 DEL 
 
 F,, verjliessende salze, G. In Botany, 
 certain of the Fungi, as the Agaricus alra- 
 mentarius, are, from exhibiting the same 
 property, termed deliqtiescent. 
 
 DELIRE, s. m., delirium, n. L., wahn- 
 sinn, m., geistesabwesenheit, f. G., mad- 
 nesy, mental alienation : a lesion of the in- 
 tellectual faculties ; of which there are 
 several varieties. See Fodere, Traite du 
 Delire, &c., Paris, 1817; Pinel, Traite Me- 
 dico-Philosoph'que sur V Alienation Mentale, 
 Paris, 1809: and Esquirol, Traite Pratique 
 des Maladies Mentales. DELIRANT, adj., 
 delirans, wahnsinnig, rasend, mad, ex- 
 hibiting the character of madness. 
 
 DELITESCENCE, s. f. ( delitescere, to lie 
 hid) : in Pathology, a mode of termination 
 peculiar to the Phlegmasite; characterized 
 by a sudden disappearance of the inflam- 
 matory phenomena with every vestige of 
 their previous existence. 
 
 DELIVRANCE, s. f., partus secundari- 
 us, secundinarum expulsio vel extractio, 
 L., auslieferung, f. G. : in Obstetrics, 
 spontaneous or artificial expulsion of the 
 placenta, DELIVRE, s. m.,arriere-faix, 
 F., nachgeburt, G., and membranes, 
 secundinse, L., which constitute the o- 
 vum of the Mammifera. 
 
 DELPHINATE, s. m., delphinas, n. I.. : 
 in Chemistry, a genus of salts resulting 
 from the combination of delphinic acid, 
 acide delphinique, F., acidum delphinicum, 
 L., delphinsaure, G., with salifiable bas- 
 es. This acid, extracted, by Chevreul, 
 from the oil of the Delphinus globiceps, has 
 subsequently, in order to avoid confusion 
 of the name with that of the botanical 
 Delphinium, been termed PHOCENIQUE, 
 and the neutral compound, PHOCENATE, 
 by the French chemists. 
 
 DELPHINAPTERE, s. m. : a genus of Ce- 
 taceous Animals, Delphinapterus, L. der 
 Delphinapter, G., belonging to the Sub- 
 order, Ambidentata, and Family, DELPHI- 
 NIDES, s. m., pi., Delphinidte, L., of 
 which the genus, Delphinus, see DAU- 
 PHIN, constitutes the type. 
 
 DELPHINE, DELPHINIE, DELPHININE, 
 s. f., delphina, delphinina, f., delphinium, 
 n. L. : in Chemistry, a vegetable alcali, 
 newly discovered in the seeds of Delphini- 
 um staphisagria. 
 
 DELTOIDE, adj., deltoides, deltoideus, 
 deltodes, L., deltaformig, G. : possessing 
 the figure of the capital dsXra, A, of the 
 Greek alphabet : in Anatomy, the name 
 of a powerful triangular muscle of the arm, 
 m. delto'ide, ou le delto'ide (m. sus-acro- 
 mio-hume'ral, Ch.), F., m. deltoides, L., 
 der Aformige muskel am oberarm, drei- 
 eckiger armmuskel, G. ; attached, above, 
 by its base, to the spine of the scapula, a- 
 cromion, and scapular extremity of the 
 clavicle; below, by its tendinous apex, 
 
 197 
 
 DEM 
 
 into a triangular rough surface, empreinte 
 delto'idienne, F., which exists in the ex- 
 ternal surface, above the middle, of the 
 humerus. 
 
 In Zoology, applied to the wings of Le- 
 pidopterous insects, when obtuse and pos- 
 teriorly truncated, as in some Pyrales ; 
 and to the shells of certain Testaceous Mol- 
 lusca, exhibiting, as in Tellina deltoidalis, 
 and Nucula deltoidca, a triangular shape : 
 in Botany, to those organs of plants, a sec- 
 tion of which, as the leaf, feuille delto'ide, 
 F., delta f '6rmiges blatt, G., of Crassula 
 deltoidea, displays the A figure. 
 
 DELUTER, v. a., to unfute? : to remove 
 the luting, enlever le lute, F., den leim 
 wegthun, G., which closes the orifices of 
 a chemical or pharmaceutical apparatus. 
 
 DEMANGEAISON, s. f. : the vulgar desig- 
 nation of the sense of itching. See PRURIT. 
 
 DE HENCE, s. f., dementia, amentia, f. 
 L., unsinnigkeit, f. G. : in Pathology, a 
 form of mental alienation, most frequently 
 occurring in aged persons. Synon. with 
 ANOIE. 
 
 DEMI-AFONEVROTICIUE, adj., semi-a- 
 poneuroticus, L. See DEMI-MEMBRA- 
 NEUX. 
 
 DEMI-AZYGOS. See AZYGOS. 
 
 DEMI-BAIN, s. m., literally demi-bath : 
 in Hygiene and Therapeutics, a bath 
 wherein the lower half only of the body is 
 immersed. Lexicographers err in repre- 
 senting lyKa.6nrfjt.tt., which really signifies a 
 vapour-bath, as the Greek synonym of this 
 term : nor do any such nouns as insessio 
 and semi-cupium, ordinarily introduced in 
 the character of the Roman synonyms, ex- 
 ist in classical Latin. Might not semi- 
 balneum, and halbbad, be, with propriety, 
 employed as new Latin and German syno- 
 nyms of the French, Demi-bain $ 
 
 DEMi-CiHCULAiHE, adj., semi-circula- 
 ris, L., halbrund, halbzirkelformig, G., 
 semi-circular : an epithet applied, in A- 
 natomy, to certain canals,. see CANAL, 
 of the internal ear. 
 
 DEMI-EPINEUX, adj., semi-spinalis, 
 
 semi-spinosus, L. : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to two muscles, Semi-spinalis 
 Colli, et Dorsi, L., halbdornmuskel 
 des nackens, und des ruckens, G. ; 
 which are represented, by French anato- 
 mical writers, as constituting part of the 
 
 Transversales, see TRANSVERSAIRE. 
 
 The former extends, with its fellow, from 
 the transverse processes of the six superi- 
 or dorsal to the spinous processes of the 
 five middle cervical vertebrae : the latter, 
 from the transverse processes of the 7th, 
 8th, and 9th dorsal , to the spinous pro- 
 cesses of the five superior dorsal , and of 
 the two inferior cervical vertebrae. 
 
 DEMI-!NTEROSSEUX, adj. : an epithet 
 applied, by Winslow, to the short flexor
 
 DEtf 
 
 muscle, m. semi-interosseus pollicis ma- 
 uds, Li., of the thumb. See COURT, and 
 FLE"CHISSEUR. 
 
 DEMI-MEMBRANEUX, adj.: an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to a femoral muscle, 
 m. demi-membraneux (ischio-popliti-tibi- 
 al, Ch.), semimembranosus, L., halb- 
 hautiger muskel, G. ; which, arising from 
 the tuber of the ischium, sends off a ten- 
 dinous expansion to the external femoral 
 condyle; and is inserted, below, into the 
 inner and posterior part of the head of 
 the tibia. 
 
 DEMI-METAL, s.m. semi-metallum, n. 
 I,., halbmetall, n. G. : a term applied, by 
 the Ancients, to those metals, which, as 
 Antimony and Arsenic, not possessing 
 ductility and malleability, were, by them, 
 incorrectly considered imperfect. 
 
 DE MI-&ERVEUX, adj., semi-nervosus, 
 Li. See SEMI-TENDINEUX. 
 
 DEMI-ORBICULAIRE, adj., semi-orbi- 
 
 cularis, L. : an epithet applied, by Win- 
 slow, to each portion, superior and inferior, 
 of the Orbicularis Oris, muscle. See OR- 
 
 BICULAIRE. 
 
 DEMI-TENDINEUX, adj. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to a femoral muscle, 
 m. demi-tendineux (ischio-pre"tibial, Ch.), 
 semitendinosus, L., halbsehnigter mus- 
 kel, G. ; which, arising, in common with 
 the long head of the Biceps flc.ior cruris, 
 from the tuberosity of the ischium, is in- 
 serted into the anterior part of the head 
 of the tibia. 
 
 DEMI-TRANSPARENT, adj., semi-per- 
 lucidus, L., halbdurchsichtig, G., semi- 
 transparent: enjoying the property of 
 DEMI-TRANSPARENCE, s. f., halbdurch- 
 sichtigkeit, f. G., semi-transparency. 
 
 DKMONOLOGIE, s. , dsemonologia, f. 
 (Saiftcav, a demon, xy?, discourse), L., 
 die lehre von den d'dmonen, G., demono- 
 logy : the doctrine of demons. DEMONO- 
 MANIE, s. f., daemonomania, f. (same, and 
 ftav'ia, madness), L. : a species of madness, 
 characterized by the belief of demoniacal 
 possession. 
 
 DENDROGRAPHIE, s. f., dendrographia, 
 f. (SfvS^av, a tree, y^aifiu, I describe), L.., 
 baumbeschreibung, dendrography, the de- 
 scription of : DENDROLOGIES. , -den- 
 drologia, L., die lehre von den b'dum- 
 en, G., dendrology, a discourse, or trea- 
 tise upon trees. 
 
 DENDROIDE, adj., lifyoitini, den- 
 
 droides, dendroideus, L., baumartig, G., 
 tree-like, resembling a tree ; as, in Bota- 
 ny, the $edum dendroideum, and Astrea , 
 Euphorbia dendroides: synon. with the 
 rarely employed epithet, DENDRIFOH ME, 
 adj., dendriiormis, baumfb'nnig, G. 
 
 DENSIT^, s. , -densitas, L., vrvxvo- 
 T >jf, dichtigkeit, f. G., density : in Phy- 
 sics, a quality of bodies, dependent on the 
 198 
 
 DKN 
 
 sum of the material parts which they con- 
 tain under a given volume, that is, in the 
 relation of mass to volume. Hence, the 
 density of a body corresponds with its spe- 
 cific gravity. DENSE, F. and E., densus, 
 TUX.VO;, dicht. 
 
 DENT, s. , dens, m. L... St/f, zahn, 
 m. G., tooth : a term employed, in Ana- 
 tomy and Zoology, to designate 1. those 
 organs of mastication or tearing, of capture 
 or detention, of the food or prev, which 
 are inserted in the alveoli, or constitute 
 processes of the bone, of one or both jaws, 
 or exist on the tongue or palate, of certain 
 of the Vertebrata : 2. the tooth-like pro- 
 jections of the mandible of some Birds; as 
 divers of the Falconidce : 3. the osseous 
 processes or prominences which are seen 
 at the commencement, or in the course, 
 of the intestinal canal of various animals ; 
 as in the pharynx of the barbel and carp, 
 see BAHBEATJ and CARPE, among the 
 Fishes ; and in the stomach of the Astaci 
 among the Crustacea, and Blatta, among 
 Insects, see BLATTE : 4. the tooth-like 
 processes which exist on the two fingers 
 of the arm of certain Crustacea ; and on 
 the internal border of the mandible of 
 many Insects ; as Lucanus Cervus among 
 the Coleoptera : and 5. the eminences which 
 contribute to the formation of the hinge 
 in the dentated bivalve , or surround the 
 mouth of divers univalve shells of the 
 Testaceous Mollusca. 
 
 The Mammifera, Reptiles, and Fishes, 
 however, only possess real teeth. In a- 
 dult man, they are 32 in number; and 
 distributed into three classes : A. the incisor 
 or cutting-teeth, les incisives, F., denies 
 primores, incisores, I/., KT'IVH, yiXanvoi, 
 die schneidezahne, G., four ; B. the 
 canine, canines, cono'ides, laniaires, ceilleres, 
 canini, cuspidati, laniarii, xu>o$a<rn, 
 augenzahne, eckzahne, spitzzahne, see 
 CANIN, two ; and c. the grinders or 
 molar teeth, molaires, machelieres, mo- 
 lares, backenzahne, ten in each jaw. 
 By writers in general, the latter are dis- 
 tinguished into the four small or false, 
 
 les petites fausses molaires, m. de remplace- 
 ment, denies bicuspidati, palei, see Bi- 
 CUSPIDE ; and the six large or back grind- 
 ers, les grosses ou arriere-molaires, yop.- 
 tpiiu. To the extreme one of these, on ei- 
 ther side and in each jaw, as developed 
 only in adult age, the popular designation 
 of wise tooth, dent de sagesse, F., dens 
 sapientias, L.., weisheitszahn, G., see 
 CRANTERE, is commonly applied. The 
 human tooth consists of an expanded and 
 exposed crown, krone, f. G., see Cou- 
 RONNE ; of a root buried in the socket of 
 the jaw-bone, see ALVEOLE and RACINE; 
 and of a connecting or intermediate neck, 
 see COLLET. It is composed of an ex-
 
 DEN 
 
 terror enamel, see EMAIL ; and of an in- 
 ternal ivory-like substance, ivoire, F., 
 insensible, destitute of vitality, and in- 
 closing a vascular, and unadherent germ 
 or pulp. It differs from ordinary bone, 
 in the absence of periosteal covering, par- 
 tial exposure to the air, variation in num- 
 ber according to the period of life, shed- 
 ding in the progress of age, hardness, co- 
 lour, organic structure, and peculiar mode 
 of development, nutrition, and decay; and 
 rather resembles the envelope of a testace- 
 ous Mollusciinu An evident connection 
 exists between the exterior form and dis- 
 position of the teeth, the anatomical struc- 
 ture of the intestinal canal, and the nature 
 of the food, of the Mammifera. They af- 
 ford an admirable character for the con- 
 struction of Orders, Sub-orders, and ge- 
 nera; as exemplified in the Rodentia, Ce- 
 tacea, and minor divisions, of the Animal 
 Kingdom. In some of the Mammifera, 
 the canine teeth are so largely developed, 
 as to constitute formidable instruments of 
 aggression and defence, then named tusks, 
 see DEFENSE. For an account of the 
 structure and mechanism of the poison- 
 toolh of the venomous serpents, see CRO- 
 TALE : and Orfila, Lefons de Medecine Li- 
 gale, v. iii, p. 355, nl. xx, fig. i : of the 
 Natural History ana Diseases of the Human 
 Teeth, the two 4to. vols. by Fox, London, 
 1803, 1806. Dents caducques, see Dfc- 
 CIDU ; de lait, milchzahne, G., milk- 
 teeth, the teeth of the first dentition, as 
 developed in the Mammifera. 
 
 In Botany, the term, tooth, is applied, 1. 
 to the minute indentations of the border of 
 a monophyllous calyx : 2. to the sharp- 
 pointed and relatively short pieces into 
 which a valvular pericarp is divided at the 
 period of maturity : 3. to the projecting 
 parts see DENTELURE, of the border of 
 certain leaves : and 4. to the pointed straps, 
 lanieres, which exist at the orifice of 
 the urn of some mosses. Dent de lion, 
 lowenzahn, G., dandelion: the popular 
 designation of Leontodon taraxacum. 
 
 DEKTAGRE, s. m., dentagra, L. See 
 DAVIER. 
 
 DENTAIHE, adj., dentalis, dentarius, 
 zu den z'dhnen gehorig, G., dental: an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to divers 
 parts and organs connected with, or per- 
 taining to, the teeth ; as 1. Arcades den- 
 taires, F., arcus dentales, L., the dental 
 arches or rows of teeth, existing in the al- 
 veolar processes of both jaw-bones : 2 Ar- 
 tercs dentaires, the dental branches (rami 
 dentales, L., sra&naste, G.) of the upper 
 teeth, supplied by the infra-orbitary and 
 superior alveolar arteries (la sous-orbitaire 
 et i'alveolaire supcrieure, F., die unterau- 
 genhohlenarterie, und die obere kieferar- 
 terie, G.) ; of the lower teeth by the in- 
 
 199 
 
 DEN 
 
 ferior maxillary (die untere kieferarte- 
 
 rie) : 3. Cavite. dentaire, zaAnhohle, G., 
 
 the dental cavity ; containing the dental 
 germ or pulp, pulpe denlaire, F. : 4. Con- 
 duits dentaires, ober- und unterkieferka- 
 nale, G., the bony canals existing in each 
 jaw, through which the blood-vessels and 
 nerves are transmitted to the teeth: 5. Fol- 
 licules dentaires, the membranous and se- 
 rous follicles enclosing the teeth previously 
 to their protrusion from the gum : 6. Nerfs 
 dentaires, xahnnerven, G. of which there 
 are distinguished an anterior and posterior 
 dental, vordere und hintere zahnnerve ; 
 and a dental branch of the inferior maxil- 
 lary, zahnast des unterkiefernerven-: 7 
 Os dentaire, os dentale, L., one of the 
 six osseous pieces which compose the 
 branch of the lower jaw in birds and rep- 
 tiles : and 8. the dental veins, veines den- 
 taires, zahnvenen, G., exhibiting the 
 
 same distribution as the correspondent ar- 
 teries. Those practitioners who exclusive- 
 ly direct their attention to the defects and 
 diseases of the teeth, were, also, termed, by 
 the Greeks, larwi idovrixoi, medecins den- 
 taires, F., see DENTJSTE. 
 
 DENT ALE, s. f.: a genus in Conchology, 
 Dentalinm ( Univalve, Unilocular, Tubular), 
 I,., die Dentalie, Zahnschnecke, G., 
 Tooth-shell ; so designated from the tooth- 
 like figure of the species which compose it. 
 These shells are distinguished from those 
 of the neighbouring genus, Caecum, by 
 their pervioiis apex ; while that of the lat- 
 ter is closed. They were formerly employ- 
 ed in divers pharmaceutical preparations ; 
 but possess merely the properties of the 
 carbonate of lime and gelatine, of which 
 they consist. 
 
 DENTE, adj., dentatus, L., USavraras, 
 gezahnt, G., toothed, notched, furnished 
 with teeth ; as, in Botany, the axis, axe 
 dentc of Triticum ; the root of Dentaria 
 penlaphylla ; the leaves, folia dentata, L., 
 gezdhnte blatter, G., ofJEtysimum alliaria, 
 see ALLIAIRE ; the stigma of Hura cre- 
 pitans ; and the stipules, st. dentees, of 
 Medicago polymorpha. 
 
 DENTELAIRE, s. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Plumbago (Pentandria, monogyn. ; Plumba- 
 g'mece), L., die Bleywurz, G., Lead- 
 wort; one European species of which, 
 PI. Europcea, d. commune, F., exhibits 
 qualities of excessive acridity. The root 
 was formerly employed in cancerous ulcer- 
 ation, and Scabies. All the other species, 
 exotics, are equally acrid, and exercise a 
 vesicant effect when applied to the skin. 
 
 DENTELE, adj., ^myures, serratus,. 
 gesiigt, serrated, exhibiting a serrature, 
 DENTELURE, s. f., serratura, f. L., 
 sagezahn, G., an assemblage of teeth like 
 those of a saw, serra, f. L., frgMw, 
 sage, f. G. : an epithet applied, in An-
 
 DEN 
 
 atomy, to the following muscles: 1. Le 
 muscle grand-dentele (costo-scapulaire, Ch.), 
 serratus magnus, major anticus, JL., 
 grosser sagemuskel, G. ; which, arising by 
 nine fleshy digitations, dentationes, L.., 
 zacken, G from the nine superior ribs, 
 is inserted into the whole base, or verte- 
 bral border, of the scapula : 2. Petit-dentele 
 anterieur, a synonym of the Pectoralis 
 minor, see PECTORAL : 3. Petit-dented 
 poslirieur et superieur (dorso-costal, Ch.), 
 Serratus superior posticus, L., hinter- 
 er oberer sagemuskel, G. ; extending from 
 the spinous processes of the 3 inferior cer- 
 vical and 2 superior dorsal vertebrae, to 
 the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs, a little be- 
 yond their angle : and 4. Petit-dentele pos- 
 terieur et inferieur (lombo-costal, Ch.), 
 Serratus posticus inferior, hinterer un- 
 terer sagemuskel ; from the spinous pro- 
 cesses of the three inferior dorsal and three 
 superior lumbar vertebrae, into the lower 
 border of the last four ribs : also, to a thin, 
 whitish, transparent ligament, ligam. den- 
 teU (1. denticule', Ch.), ligamentum den- 
 liculatum, L., which, furnished with from 
 twenty to twenty-two deniicuii, on the 
 external border, passes, in its course from 
 the great occipital foramen to the extre- 
 mity of the spinal cord, between the an- 
 terior and posterior roots of the spinal 
 nerves. 
 
 DENTICULE, s. , denticulus, m. G., 
 2ahnschnitt, m. G., a minute tooth, or 
 toothlet. DENTICULE, adj., denticula- 
 tus, serrulatus, gezahnelt, -^denticulat- 
 ed, furnished with minute teeth, dentetets, 
 F. ; as the leaves of Epilobium denticulatum, 
 of Alnus serrulate ; and the stiff ma of 
 Fumaria sempervivens- 
 
 DENTIER, s. m. : in Dental Surgery, 
 the plate of metal or ivory, employed for 
 fixture of the artificial teeth, which are 
 destined to replace the whole, or supply a 
 deficiency of part, of the dental arches. 
 
 DENTIFORME, adj., dentiformis, L., 
 timroifos, zahnformig, G. ? dentiform, 
 tooth-shaped, exhibiting the figure of a 
 tooth. 
 
 DENTIFRICE, s. m., dentifncium, n. 
 
 (dens, tooth, fricare, to rub), L., oSavro- 
 
 ? pity pa., zahnmittel, zahnpulver, n.G 
 
 a topical remedy for the teeth, toothpow- 
 
 der. 'oSovrayXyip};, a tooth-pick. See 
 
 CURE-DENT. * o^iiro^trrns, a tooth-brush. 
 
 DENTISTE, s. m. zahnarzt, m. G., a 
 
 dentist. t See DENT AI RE. 
 
 DENTITION, s. , dentitio, f. L., Sv- 
 
 rinffi;, -tiSivreifiuia., zahnausbruch, m'., 
 
 zahnen, n. G. : in Physiology, the process 
 of teething. See ODONTOPHIE. 
 
 DENTURE, s. f., omnes et singuli den- 
 tes, L., .gebiss, zahnenwerk, n. G. : a 
 term employed, in popular language, to 
 designate the whole assemblage of teeth in 
 
 200 
 
 DEP 
 
 both jaws : Une bonne denture, F., ein 
 gutes gtbiss, G., a good set of teeth. 
 
 DENUDATION, s. f., denudatio, f. L., 
 entblossung, f. G. : in Surgical Pathology, 
 the condition of a part deprived of its na- 
 tural envelopes. DENUDE, adj., denuda- 
 tus, entblb'sst, denuded : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Botany, generally or specifically, 
 to plants which" are destitute of the organs 
 commonly exhibited by subjects of the 
 vegetable kingdom, or possessed by other 
 species of the same genus. Thus, the 
 Linnsean Family, Denudata, L., DENU- 
 DEES, s. f., and adj. pi., comprizes those 
 plants, which, like the Crocus, have no 
 calyx: and one species of Myriophyllum is, 
 from the perfect absence of leaves, distin- 
 guished as M. denudatum. 
 
 DEPERISSEMENT, s. m., abnahme, f., 
 vorfall, m. G., decline, decay : in Patho- 
 logy, the progressive loss of flesh and 
 strength. 
 
 DEPHLEGMATIOIT, s. f., dephlegmatio, 
 f. L., entwasserung, f. G.: in Chemistry, 
 the operation of separating by any means, 
 principally by distillation, the water exist - 
 ingin admixture with another liquid body. 
 
 DEPHLOGISTIQUE, adj., dephlogistica- 
 tus, L., that which has lost its phlogiston. 
 The dephlogis Heated air, of the school of 
 Stahl, is the oxygen of modern chemists. 
 
 DEPILATION, s. f., depilatio, f. (pi/us, 
 the hair), L., ^/Xa/fl-/;, das toegnehmen 
 oder ausfallen der haare, G., removal, or 
 falling of the hair. DEPILATIF, adj., 
 depilajtorius, ^i^urix.os . an epithet ap- 
 plied to any remedy, DEPILATOIRE, s. 
 m., depilatorium, n. L., calculated to 
 produce a depilatory effect. 
 
 DE-PLACEMENT, s. m., verriickung, f. 
 G., displacement : a term, in its applica- 
 tion to the opaque crystalline, synon. with 
 ABAISSEMENT, and DEPRESSION : also, 
 the change of relation experienced by the 
 extremities of bones, in consequence of 
 fracture. 
 
 Dfcp6T, s. m., depositum, n. L., de- 
 posit : the sediment which forms in certain 
 fluids, on evaporation, cooling, or repose : 
 D. de rurine, F., bodensalz des urins, G., 
 sediment of the urine. See SEDIMENT: 
 also, in popular language, an abscess. 
 
 DEPRAVATION, s. f., depravatio, f. L., 
 verderben, n., verderbtheit, f. G., in 
 Pathology, an alteration for the worse, tak- 
 ing place in the constitution of an animal 
 fluid, or the performance of a function ; as 
 depravation of the urine, d. de ['urine, F. ; 
 of the digestive process, de la digestion. 
 
 DEPRESSION, s. f. See ABAISSEMENT. 
 DEPRIME, adj., depressus, L., nieder- 
 gedriickt, G., depressed : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to the pulse, pouls 
 deprime, F., when the arterial stroke is 
 unusually low and feeble: in Surgery, to
 
 DER 
 
 the cranial bones, when driven down, in 
 fracture, on the dura mater : in Botany 
 and Zoology, to plants whose branches, 
 like those of Plerygophyllum depressum, 
 droop towards the earth ; and, to plants 
 and animals, whose whole exhibits a gene- 
 ral depression in its figure; or whose organs 
 a particular depression on their surface. 
 , s. m. See MENINGOPHY- 
 
 DEPURATION, s. f., depuratio, f. L., 
 xa0a<ri;, reiiiigung, f. G., purification : 
 in Pathology, a favourable alteration ef- 
 fected, in the animal economy, either by a 
 spontaneous evacuation or eruption, con- 
 stituting, in pathological language, the de- 
 puratory effort or crisis, mouvement , ou 
 crise deptiratoire, F., or by the operation 
 of depuraiive or depuratory remedies, me- 
 dicaments depuratifs, depuratoires, F., 
 depurantia, depuraloria. 1 ,. : in Chemistry, 
 and Pharmacy, syn. with CLARIFICATION, 
 and DEFECATION. DEPURE, adj., depu- 
 ratus, purified, clarified. 
 
 DkRENCEPHAtE, s. m. and adj., deren- 
 eephalus (%i%v, neck, iyxepaXo?, brain), L. : 
 a term, or epithet, applied, by Geoffroy- 
 St.-Hilaire, to a genus of monsters ; com- 
 prehending those which have a very small 
 brain enveloped by the vertebrae of the 
 neck. See Philosophic Anatomique. Mon- 
 struonites Humaines, p. 90. 
 
 DERIVATION, s. f., derivatio, f. L., 
 ableitung, f. G. : in Therapeutics, the ac- 
 tion of remedies, moyens derivatifs, F., 
 see ATTRACTIF ; which, like blood-let- 
 ting, counter-irritants and purgatives, o- 
 perate by removing irritation from an im- 
 portant organ, or diverting it to a less im- 
 portant structure. 
 
 DERMATITE, s. f., dermatitis, f. (Si^aa, 
 the skin), L.,_ftaw/entzundung, f. G., 
 inflammation of the skin, 
 
 DERME, s. m., $EW*, derma, n., cutis, 
 f. L., haute, f., fell, n. G., the skin __ 
 See CHORION, and PEAU. DERMATOJDE, 
 adj., It^ara^s-, dermatoides, - derma- 
 toid : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 divers structures which resemble the skin ; 
 and, by some writers, especially to the 
 dura mater : in Pathology, to diseases, 
 morbi culanei, - dermalodes, L., - haut- 
 krankheiten, G., which affect the skin : 
 in Botany, to parts, or organs, of plants, 
 which, like the frond of Laminaria derma- 
 toidea, and the pileus of Peziza alutacea, 
 and Polyporus alutaceus, exhibit a leather- 
 like thickness or consistence. DERMOIDE, 
 adj., dermoides, dermoid : an objection- 
 able, because incorrectly constructed, syn- 
 onym of the preceding adjective, employ- 
 ed by Bichat. 
 
 DERMESTE, s. m. : a genus, in Entomo- 
 logy, At^ftv/rrns (Ss^, skin, l/r^iu, to de- 
 vour, to gnaw), Dermestes, L. ; consti- 
 
 201 
 
 DES 
 
 tuting the type of the Family of the 
 DERMEST IDES, s. m. and adj., pi., Der- 
 mestidce, L. ; and comprehending several 
 species, the larvae of which feed upon skint 
 and leather, and commit great depreda- 
 tions in anatomical and zoological collec- 
 tions. Cloquet, Faune des Medecins, v. 
 jv., p. 422, enumerates five species, as, 
 in this respect, peculiarly interesting to 
 the naturalist. 
 
 DERMOGRAPHIE, s. f. dermographia, 
 f. (y^ftu, the skin, <y^a, I describe) L., 
 dermography, description of : DERAIO- 
 LOGIE, s. f.', dermologia, f. (same, and 
 \oyos, discourse), L., hautlehre, f. G., 
 dermology, doctrine or treatise on : DER- 
 MOTOMIE, s. f., dermotomia, f. (same, 
 and raft.)i, incision), L., dermotomy, dis- 
 section of the skin, 
 
 DESARTICULATION, s. f. : in Anatomy, 
 the preparation of the bones of the skele- 
 ton, and especially those of the head, in 
 separate pieces : in Surgery, amputation of 
 a limb at the joint. UESARTICULE, adj., 
 disjointed: an epithet applied to the 
 bones when separated from each other. 
 
 DESCALORINESES : a term, in Nosology, 
 applied, by Baumes, to diseases, the prin- 
 cipal character of which is a diminution of 
 the natural heat. 
 
 DESCENTE, s. f., descensus, m. L. : a 
 term, in popular language, synon. with 
 hernia, bruch, darmbruch, m. G. : in Pa- 
 thology, with displacement : Ex. Descente 
 de matrice, F.,- uteri prolapsus, L., das 
 fallen des uterus, G. 
 
 DESENFLURE, s. f., abnehmen der 
 
 geschwulst, G., subsidence of a swelling. 
 
 DESCRIPTION, s. f., descriptio, f. L., 
 beschreibung, f. G. : exposition of the at- 
 tributes, or qualities, of a thing or object. 
 
 DESCRIPTIF, adj., descriptivus, be- 
 
 schreibend, descriptive. See ANATOMIE. 
 
 DISINFECTION, s. f. : the operation of 
 purifying the atmosphere, or clothing or 
 other organic tissue, from putrid miasma- 
 ta. See Alcock's Translation of JLabar- 
 raque's Treatise on the Disinfecting Pro- 
 perties of Chlorine, 8vo., London, 1829. 
 
 DESMOGRAPHIE, s. f., desmographia, f. 
 (biffins, a ligament, <y^a<fa, I describe), L., 
 die beschreibung der bander, G., -des- 
 mography, description of the ligaments. 
 DESMOLOGIE, s. f. desmologia, f. f same, 
 and xyaf, discourse) L. desmology, trea- 
 tise upon : DESMOPHLOGIE, s. f. des- 
 mophlogosis, f. (same, and Qi-'oyuins, in- 
 flammation), L., gelenkbanderentziind- 
 
 ung, f. G., inflammation of : DESMO- 
 TOMIE, s. f. desmotomia, f. (same, and 
 rafcti, incision), L., dissection of the liga- 
 ments of the animal body. 
 
 DESOBSTRUANT, s. m., and adj.: a term, 
 or epithet, applied, in Materia Medica, to 
 remedies, remedia deobstruentia vel deop-
 
 BET 
 
 pilantia, L., ojfnungsmitte], G., which 
 operate by removing obstructions from the 
 animal body. Synon. with APERITIF, and 
 Desobstructif. 
 
 DESOPILANT, DESOPILATIF, adj. Syn. 
 with DEOBSTRUANT. DESOPILATION, s. 
 
 desoppilatio, L.., the operation of 
 
 deobstruent remedies. 
 
 DISORGANISATION, s. , desorganisa- 
 tio, L.., desorganisation, , die stb'rung 
 des organischen baues, G., -disorganiza- 
 tion : in Pathology, a profound alteration 
 in, destruction 01 the texture of, an organ, 
 as by cautery or gangrene; and consequent 
 loss of its distinctive characters. 
 
 DESOXYDATION, DESOXYGENATION, S. 
 
 , desoxydatio, , oxygenii privatio, L., 
 desoxydation, entsauerstoffung, , die 
 entblossung von oxygen, G., ueoxyda- 
 tion, deoxygenation : in Chemistry, par- 
 tial or total abstraction or separation of the 
 oxygen which enters into the composition 
 of a body. DESOXYGENE, adj., desoxy- 
 
 datus, oxygenii privatus, desoxydirt, 
 
 entsauerstofft, von oxygen entblosst, 
 deoxydated, deoxygenateu. Synon. with 
 DESOXYDE. 
 
 DESPOTAT, s. m. : in Military Surgery, 
 an invalid employed in removing the 
 wounded from the field of battle. 
 
 DESPUMATION, s. , despumatio, L., 
 abschaumung, reinigung, G. : the se- 
 paration of scum, spuma, f. L., and 
 other impurities, from an animal or vege- 
 table fluid, by the action of fire or albu- 
 men. Synon. with DEPURATION. DE- 
 SPUME, adj., despumatus : Miel despume, 
 F., mel despumatum, depuratum, L., 
 gereinigter honig, G., clarified honey. 
 
 DESQUAMATION, s. f, desquamatio, f. 
 L.., absplitterung, , abschuppen, n. G. : 
 in Pathology, the separation of the epi- 
 dermis in scales, squamae, L. ; a frequent 
 phenomenon in the course, or in conse- 
 quence, of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 DESSECHEMENT, s. m. : in Pathology, 
 a term synon. with ATROPHIE : in Hygi- 
 ene, expressive of the draining of marshes, 
 dess. des marais, F. 
 
 DESSICCATION, 8. , dessiccatio, exsic- 
 catio, f. L., typufis, austrocknung, G., 
 drying : in Pharmacy, the operation of 
 depriving a body of the whole, or part, of 
 the moisture which it contains. DESSIC- 
 CAT IF, adj., desiccans, austrocknend, 
 desiccative, possessed of a drying property. 
 
 DESUDATION, s. f. : an eruption of mi- 
 nute pimples resembling millet-seeds ; 
 which attacks children ; exhibits some- 
 what of the character of Prurigo; and is 
 ordinarily referrible to want of cleanli- 
 ness. 
 
 DETERGENT, DETERSIF, adj., deter- 
 gens, L., abfuhrend, reinigend, G., de- 
 tergent, detersive : an epithet applied, in 
 
 202 
 
 DEU 
 
 Materia Medica, to substances, remedea 
 delersifs, F., detergentia, L.., toundrein- 
 igungsmittel, G. ; which, by cleansing, ac- 
 celerate, or favour, the process of cicatri- 
 zation in wounds and ulcers. 
 
 DETONATION, s. , detonatio, L., 
 verpuff'ung, f. G. : the report which ac- 
 companies the chemical combinations or 
 decompositions of certain bodies. 
 
 DETOHSION, s. , detorsio, L. See 
 ENTORSE. 
 
 DETRITUS, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 from the Latin participle, literally signi- 
 fying worn ; and employed to express, 1., 
 in Pathology, the inorganic residue by 
 which the structure of degenerated or dis- 
 organized parts of the animal body is re- 
 placed : 2., in Geology, a confused assem- 
 blage of the fragments of rocks, and the 
 relics, debris, F., of organized bodies. 
 
 DETROIT, s. m., angustia, , fretum, 
 n. L., strait : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, to the two apertures, the superior or 
 abdominal, and the inferior or perineal, 
 detroit supcrieur, ou abdominal, et inferieur 
 ou perineal, F., angustia abdominalis, et 
 perinaealis, L., of the human pelvis. 
 
 DET RON CAT ION, s. , detruncatio, s. : 
 in Obstetrics, the separation of the trunk 
 from the head of the foetus ; the latter re- 
 maining in utero. 
 
 DETUMESCENCE, s. , detumescentia, 
 f. L., diminution of swelling : nearly syn. 
 with DESENFLURE. 
 
 DEUTERIE, s. , deuteria, L. : in 
 Pathology, a disease, or train of symp- 
 toms, resulting from retention of the pla- 
 centa, ^ivrigiM. DEUTEROLOGIE, s. , 
 deuterologia, f. (same, and Xoyo;, discourse) 
 L. deuterology, a treatise on the placenta. 
 
 DEITTEROPATHIE, s. , deuteropathia, 
 f. (Siunges, second, xados, a disease), mor- 
 bus secundarius, L., folgekrankheit, 
 G., a secondary disease. DEUTEROPA- 
 THIQUE, adj -deuteropathicus, deute- 
 ropathisch, -deuteropathic. 
 
 DEUTOCARBONE, adj., deutocarbona- 
 
 tus, L., deutocarbonated : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Chemistry, to certain compounds 
 of carbon. Thus, the gaz-hydrogene deuto- 
 carbone, of French chemists, carbure di- 
 hydrique, of Berzelius, is the second of 
 the combinations of car ban with hydrogen. 
 
 DEUTOCHLORURE, s. , deutochloru- 
 retum, n. L., deutochloriir, n. G., deu- 
 tochloride : the second of the combinations 
 formed by chlorine with a simple body. 
 See CHLORURE. 
 
 DEUTOSULFATE, s. m. deutosulphas, 
 n. G., deutosulphate : a salt formed by 
 the combination of sulphuric acid with a 
 deuloxide. DEUTOSULFURE, s. m., deu- 
 tosulphuretum, n. L., deutosulphuret : 
 the second of the combinations formed by 
 sulphur, with a simple body, when suscep-
 
 tible of such combination in several pro- 
 portions. 
 
 DEUTOXIDE, s. m., deutoxidum, n. I,., 
 deutoxvde : the second degree of oxydation 
 of a simple body, when such body is capa- 
 ble of combining with oxygen, in two or 
 more proportions. 
 
 DEVIATION, s. , deviatio, f. L., ab- 
 weichung, f. G., change of direction, un- 
 natural course ; as, in Pathology, Dtv. de 
 la colonne vertibrale, du la>t,~-de f urine, 
 
 F., curvature of the spine, unnatural 
 
 course of the milk, and urine. Dfcvifc, 
 adj., devius, abweichend, devious, out 
 of the wonted course. 
 
 DlABETE, S. m., ^laSnrns ($iaa.ni, I 
 
 pass through), diabetes, m. I*., harn- 
 
 nuss, m., harnruhr, f. G. : in Pathology, a 
 morbid affection, arranged by Pinel, 
 Nosographie Philosophique, v. iii. p. 548, 
 among the "particular organic lesions of 
 the urinary passages ;'' by Goode, in Class 
 6, Diseases of Excreting Functions, Order 
 2, Affecting intenial Surfaces, see Study 
 of Medicine, v. iv., p. 358. Two species 
 are commonly distinguished by nosologi- 
 cal writers : Diabeie sucre, F., diabetes 
 mellitus, L., honigartig harnruhr, G. ; 
 and d. faux ou insipide,- d. insipidus, L. 
 Some writers describe a third, by the title 
 of d. chyleux, F. In the first, the urine 
 contains a proportion of saccharine matter : 
 in the second, it is tasteless, geschmack- 
 loss, G. : in the last, white, from a suppos- 
 ed admixture of chyle. See Prout, On the 
 Nature and Treatment of Diabetes, &c., 
 London, 1825. DiABETiauE, adj., &- 
 Sanxos, -diabeticus, diabetisch, suffer- 
 ing from , exhibiting the characters of, 
 diabetes: Exs. Diabeticus (segrotus), L., 
 ein diabetischer (kranker), G., a diabetic 
 patient ; urine diabetique, F., der diabe- 
 tische harn, G., diabetic urine. 
 
 DIABLOTIN, s. m. : literally, a little de- 
 vil, parvus diabolus, L., teufelchen, n. 
 G. ; but employed, in Meteorology, to 
 designate an irregular form of cloud, which 
 commonly precedes, or accompanies, thun- 
 der-storms ; and hence called thunder-cloud, 
 nuage de tonnerre, F., gewitterwolke, 
 f. G. See Forster, Researches about At- 
 mospheric Phenomena. London, 1823. 
 
 DIABROSE, s. f., ^iaS^airis, diabrosis, 
 f. L., zerfressung, f. G., corrosion : the 
 action of substances, remedia diabrotica, 
 L., <pa.gfta.xa. 'Sia.Sgarix.a. verfressende mit- 
 tel, G., which occupy an intermediate 
 rank between escharotics and caustics. 
 Synon. with CORROSION and EROSION. 
 
 DlACATHOLICUM, S. HI. F., H. L., U- 
 
 niversal purgative : the ancient designa- 
 tion of an electuary composed of vegetable 
 aperient and carminative substances ; and 
 constituting the Electuarium de K-heo 
 compositum, vulgb dictum veteribus Ca- 
 203 
 
 DIA 
 
 thoticum, see p. 311, of the Paris Phar- 
 macoposa. 
 
 DIACAUSTIQUE, adj diacausticus, ($/, 
 through, xa.vfrix.oi, burning), L., diakaus- 
 tisch, G., diacaustic, cauterizing by re- 
 fraction ; as the operation of the solar rays 
 concentrated on the animal organs, by a 
 burning lens. 
 
 DIACHALASIS, s. f., (Siei^K^eiu, to relax), 
 F. and L. : separation of the cranial bones, 
 . auseinandergehen der schadelknochen, 
 G., especially at the sutures, by violence 
 or other cause. 
 
 DIACHYLON, DIACHYLUM, s. m. : in 
 Pharmacy, the ancient designation of a 
 well-known plaster, the Emplastrum ex 
 Oxido Plumbi semi-vitreo, of the Paris 
 Pharmacopaea ; Einfaches Silberglatt- 
 oder Diachylonpftaster, of the German , 
 and Empl. Lithargyri, Plumbi, of the 
 British Dispensatories. The original term 
 was meant to indicate a plaster of juices 
 (S/a ;i>A<wv), saftpflaster, n. G. 
 
 DIACODE, s. m., diacodium, n. L. : in 
 ancient Pharmacy, an extract of poppy- 
 heads(S/a XM^IUV) : in modern practice, a 
 Syrup, Syrupus de Papavere albo, seu 
 Diacodion, Pharm. Gall., Diakodinmsyr- 
 up, Mohnkopfsyrup, G., prepared with 
 these heads, or the extract of Opium in- 
 stead ; and administered as a sedative, 
 
 DIACOPE, s. f. F. and L., 1ia.x.av* : in 
 Surgery, longitudinal fracture, or fissure, 
 of a cranial bone, zerscheiden eines schad- 
 elknochens, G. : an oblique cut, zerhau- 
 en, n. G., of the cranial integuments. 
 
 DiAcotrsTiauE, s. f., diacoustica, f. 
 ($;, through, U.KOVU, I hear), L., die dia- 
 kustik, G., diacoustics : that branch of 
 Physics which investigates the properties 
 of sound refracted in its passage through 
 media of different density. 
 
 DIACRANIEN, adj. (S/, a preposition ex- 
 pressive of separation, and often possess- 
 ing, in composition, the power of the Eng- 
 lish dis, xjav/av, the skull) :'an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the lower jaw, 
 JMachoire diacranienne, F., maxilla dia- 
 craniana, L., because merely connected 
 with the skull, by a loose articulation ; 
 and not, like the superior maxilla, see 
 SYNCRANIEN, intimately united to it. 
 
 DIADELPHIE, s. f., diadelphia, f. L,, 
 die diadelphie, zweibruderschaft, G. : in 
 Botany, the title of the 17th Class, in the 
 sexual System of Linnaeus ; containing 
 those plants, plantes diadelphiques, F., 
 plantae diadelphicce, L., whose stamens 
 are diadelphous, diadelphes, F., or unit- 
 ed, by their filaments, into two equal or 
 unequal bundles, termed, in English, bro- 
 therhoods. 
 
 DIAGNOSE, s. f., DIAGNOSTIC, s. m.,_ 
 Siayvuiris (literally, discernment, distinc- 
 tion, the act of discerning or distinguish-
 
 ing), diagnosis, f. L., die diagnose, G. : 
 that branch of Pathology which has, for 
 its object, the discrimination of the seat 
 and nature of diseases by their diagnostic 
 signs, signes diagnostiques, Y.,ft>fi,i7x "Si- 
 u-yveaffrixa, signa diagnostica, L,., die di- 
 agnostischen oder unterscheidenden merk- 
 male, die hauptzeichen, G., whereby 
 such affections are especially characteriz- 
 ed, and distinguished from all others. 
 
 DIAIRE, adj., diarius, L., l^ftiaiai, 
 taglich, G., diurnal. Synon. with E'PHE- 
 MKRK. Diarium, n. L., iqiriftigis, tage- 
 buch, n. G., a diary, day-book, journal 
 
 DIALEIPYRE, s. f, dialeipyra, f. ($/- 
 XnVai, to intermit, vug, a burning fever), 
 I; , wechselfieber, n. G., an intermitt- 
 ing fever. 
 
 DIALYSE, s. f., 'Siat.vffif (literally, disso- 
 lution), dialysis, f. L. : a term employed 
 in Surgery, to express a solution of con- 
 tinuity, zerfallen, n. G. : in Pathology, 
 exhaustion, loss of strength, epuisement, 
 m. F., virium resolutio, L. das schwin- 
 den , die nachlassung der krafte, G. 
 
 DIAMANT, s. m., aJa^at; (by later 
 
 Greek writers), adamas, m. L. -diamant, 
 m. G., diamond: pure or crystallized 
 carbon, carbon pur, cristallise, F. 
 
 DIAMETRE, s. m., diameter, diamet- 
 ros, f. {^ia.p,iran; yga/xftti understood) L., 
 durchmesser, m. G., -diameter: a straight 
 line which, passing through the centre of 
 a circle or cavity, touches the circumfe- 
 rence on both sides. In this sense, the 
 term, diameter of the female pelvis, and of 
 the foetal head, are, with some latitude, 
 employed. Of the former, les diametres 
 du bassin de la femme, three are distin- 
 guished at each aperture, see DfcTROiT, 
 and of the latter, les d. de la tele du foe- 
 tus, eight, altogether, by anatomical and 
 obstetric writers. 
 
 DIANDRIE, s. f., diandria, f. (SJy, dou- 
 ble, vi, v${, man or male), L. : in Bo- 
 tany, the name of the secona Class, and of 
 three Orders of Plants, in the Sexual Sys- 
 tem of Linnaeus. It comprehends all 
 those which have diandrous flowers, -fleurs 
 diandres ou diandriques, F. flores diandri, 
 L., zweim'dnnige bluthen, G., or possess 
 two male organs or stamens. By Mala- 
 carne, the term has been applied to a class 
 of Monsters, characterized by the presence 
 of a double masculine sex in one individual. 
 
 DlAPHANEITE, S. f., S/<pavE/ (&ix<p<ztvu, 
 
 to shine through), durchsichtigkeit, f. G., 
 transparency : in Physics, the property 
 of affording passage to the light. DIA- 
 PHANE, adj. liu<pav>>!, translucidus, L.., 
 durchscheinend, G., diaphanous : pos- 
 sessing the property of transparency. 
 
 DIAPHORESE, s. f., $/pi<r<f, diapho- 
 resis, f. L., ausdunnstung, f. G., per- 
 spiration, transpiration, evacuation by the 
 204 
 
 DIA 
 
 pores of the skin. DiApHORknat'E, adf,, 
 diaphoretic : an epithet, in Materia Me- 
 dica, applied to those remedies, Diapho- 
 retiques*F. $tet$agn<rixu ipa^axa, remedia 
 diaphoretica, i,.,diaphoretische oder aus- 
 dunnstungbefordernde mittel, G., which 
 operate by promoting cutaneous transpira- 
 tion : in Pathology, to a form of continued 
 fever, fievre diaphoretique, F., charac- 
 terized by incessant perspiration. Diapho- 
 relique mineral, antimonium diaphoreti- 
 cum, L.., schweisstreibender spiessglanz, 
 the old name of peroxyde of antimony. 
 See PEROXIDE. 
 
 DiAPHHAGMATITE. DlAPHRAGMITE, S. 
 
 f., diaphragmatitis, diaphragmitis, L., 
 zwerchfeflentzundung, f. G., imflam- 
 mation of the diaphragm. DIAPHRAG MAG- 
 GIE, s. f. ? diaphragmalgia, f. (S/a<p^ay/*a, 
 the midriftj aXya;, pain), L., zwerchfell- 
 schmerz, m. G., pain in the diaphragm. 
 Diaphragmapostema, n. L,., zwerchfellab- 
 scess, m. G., abcess of : Diaphragmel- 
 cosis, f. L., zwerchfellgeschwiir, n. G., 
 ulceration of the diaphragm. 
 
 DIAPHRAGMATOCELE, s. f., diaphrag- 
 matocele, f. (Szipfay^a, x!x>j, an hernia! 
 
 tumour), hernia diaphragmatis, L., 
 
 zwerchfellbruch, m. G., hernia of the di- 
 aphragm. 
 
 DlAPHRAGME, S. m., $iu<f>pa'yfJ.K (S/a- 
 
 ^ayvu^/, to place a separation between), 
 iixi>uft.K, <pgivn, diaphragma, disseptum, 
 septum transversum, n. L., zwerchiell, 
 zwerchmuskel, m. G., diaphragm, mid- 
 riff: in Comparative Anatomy, the large 
 muscle, which, transversely situated, forms 
 a partition between the thorax and abdomen 
 of the Mammifera. It is imperfectly de- 
 veloped in Birds ; and does not exist in 
 the lower animals : frigidi sanguinis ani- 
 malia, nihil habent diaphragmatis simile 
 In Man, it has a tendinous centre, cen- 
 trum tendineum, L., sehne des zwerch- 
 muskels, G., see CENTRE : and is attach- 
 ed to the ensiform cartilage, six lower ribs, 
 an aponeurotic production, ligament cin- 
 tre, F., ligamentum arcuatum, L., ex- 
 tending from the last rib to the first lum- 
 bar vertebra ; and, by two muscular elong- 
 ations, piliers ou jambes du diaphragme, 
 F., crura diaphragmatis, L., die schenk- 
 el des zwerchfells, G., to the bodies of 
 the first three or four lumbar vertebrae. 
 It exhibits distinct apertures for the tran- 
 sit of the abdominal vena cava, foramen 
 quadrilaterum, L., loch zum durchgang 
 der untern hohlevene, G., and for the 
 oesophagus, hiatus cesophageus, L. and 
 pneumo-gastric nerves. The aorta, tho- 
 racic duct, and anterior intercostal nerves 
 pass between the crura : the vena azygos, 
 and posterior intercostals, perforate some 
 of the posterior fibres. The diaphragm 
 constitutes a most important organ in the
 
 DIA 
 
 apparatus of respiration. In Anatomy, 
 the term, diaphragm, is also applied to the 
 membranous or bony partitions, septa, 
 L., by which divers organs, portions of 
 organs, or cavities, are separated : as the 
 tentorium cerebelli, diaphr. du cerveau, 
 F. ; the falx cerebri ; mediastinum ; mem- 
 brana tympani ; and septum narium, na- 
 senhohlscheidewand, G., see CLOISON : 
 in Zoology, to the partition, sepimen- 
 tum, L., querwand, G., which imper- 
 fectly divides the cavity of certain unilo- 
 cular shells : in Botany, to the transverse 
 septa by which some pods or fruits, as that 
 of Cassia fistula, are separated into distinct 
 cells. DiAPHRAGMATiauE, adj., dia- 
 phragmaticus, zum zwerchfelle gehorig, 
 diaphragmatic, phrenic : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to divers blood-vessels 
 and nerves belonging to the diaphragm : as 
 
 1. the phrenic Arteries, arteres diaphrag- 
 matiques oil phreniques, F. ; the two supe- 
 rior of which, art. diaphragm, superieures, 
 ou sus- diaphragmaligues, arterise phreni- 
 cce superiores, L., obere zwerchfellschlag- 
 adern, G., branches of the internal mam- 
 mary ; and the two inferior, inferieures, 
 
 sous-diaphragmatiques, inferiores, un- 
 
 tere, given off by the aorta or coeliac ar- 
 tery, are distinguished into right and left : 
 
 2. the phrenic Nerves, nerfs diaphragma- 
 tiques ou phreniques, nervi phrenici, 
 zwerchfellsnerven, emanating from the 
 cervical ; and phrenic Plexuses, plexus 
 
 diaphragmaliques, F., phrenici, L., 
 
 from the superior part of the solar plexus: 
 and 4. the phrenic Veins, veines diaphrag- 
 matiques, venae phrenica, zwerchfellsve- 
 nen ; the right superior of which termi- 
 nates in the thoracic vena cava ; the left, 
 in the corresponding subclavian ; and the 
 two inferior, in the abdominal cava. 
 
 DIAPHYLACTIQUE. See PROPHYLAC- 
 TIQUE. 
 
 DIAPHYSE, s. f., liti<fivffis, diaphysis, 
 L., zwischenwachsen, n. G., interstice, 
 the state of growing between : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the body, or central 
 portion, of the long bones, das mitlelstuck 
 langer knochen, G. : in Botany, by some, 
 to the nodi of the Graminece, die knoten 
 der Graser ; by others, more correctly, to 
 the interstices or portions of the culm be- 
 tween the nodes, die theile des halms 
 
 xwischen den knoten, G. 
 
 DIAPNOIQUE, DIAPNOTIQUE, adj., di- 
 apnotic : an epithet applied, in Materia 
 Medica, to remedies, Diapno'iques, F., 
 remedia diapnoica vel diapnotica, L>., 
 which operate by promoting slight, insen- 
 sible perspiration (exhalation, S/aa-va), 
 eine gelinde, unmerkliche ausdvinnstung, 
 G., from the surface. Hence nearly syn. 
 with, but less active in operation than, 
 diaphoretic medicines. 
 205 
 
 DIA 
 
 DIAPYETIQUE, adj., littifu'/trmof, sup- 
 purative : an epithet applied, in Materia 
 Medica, to remedies, ra. $iu#vyriKa,-~ re- 
 media dyapyetica, L., eiterungbefordernde 
 mittel, G., which favour the process of 
 
 suppuration, $/<*, diap3'esis, f. L., 
 
 vereiterungsprocess, m. G. Synon. with 
 MATURATIF, and SUPFUBATIF. 
 
 DlARRHEE, S. f., SiKfpoti fiictppia, to How 
 
 through), diarrhcea, f. L,., durchfall, 
 
 durchlauf, bauchrluss, m. G., purging, 
 looseness of the bowels : a frequent ex- 
 cretion of liquid feces per anum. Synon 
 with DEVOIEMENT. 
 
 DlARTHROSE, S. f., tiidgfyaffif,, f. L., 
 
 diarthrose, f. G. : in Anatomy, a movea- 
 ble joint, ein bewegliches gelenk, G., 
 an articulation admitting of motion in va- 
 rious directions. DIARTHHODIAL, adj., 
 S/a^a/T/xo?, diarthrodialis, zu einer di- 
 arthrose gehorig., diarthrodial, belonging 
 to the diarthroses : Ex. Art. diarthrodiale, 
 F., a diarthrodial articulation ; Cartilage 
 diarthrodial ou ^incrustation, the cartila- 
 ginous investment of the articular extre- 
 mity of a bone. 
 
 DIASCORDE, s. m., diascordium, n. L. : 
 in Pharmacy, an electuary, so called, as 
 consisting of the leaves ofScordium ( Teu- 
 crium scordium) ; but indebted, for its as- 
 tringent and tonic properties, to the opium 
 and numerous other ingredients which en- 
 ter into its composition. It is the Electu- 
 arium Opiatum Astringens (see p. 327) of 
 the Paris Pharmacopeea. 
 
 DIASTASE, s. f., $ia<rTa<ns (literally, dis- 
 location, division, separation), diastasis, 
 f. L. : a term employed, by the ancient 
 Pathologists, in divers significations : in 
 Surgical Pathology, by the moderns, as 
 expressive of the separation of two bones 
 
 Ereviously in contact, or of the pieces of a 
 ractured bone, das auseinanderweichen 
 derstiickeneines gebrochenen knochens,G. 
 DIASTEME^ s. fl, ditza-rvfta,, diastema, 
 n. L., zwischenraum, m., liicke, f. G., 
 interspace, interval: a term applied, by 
 Illiger, to the interval, zahnlucke, G., 
 which, in most of the Mammifera, exists 
 between the canine and molar teeth. Of 
 this term, variously compounded with 
 other Greek substantives, the French wri- 
 ter, Breschet, has availed himself to frame 
 titles for the different genera of monstrous 
 productions. Thus, DIASTEMATELYTRIE, 
 s. f., constructed of )/<MVH/M, and iXt*. 
 -r^ay, the vagina, is employed to designate 
 a " genus of organic deviations," charac- 
 terized by a longitudinal division or fissure 
 of the vagina ; DIASTEMATENCEPHALIE, 
 s. f. (same, and ly*^xj), of the brain ; 
 
 DlASTEMATOCAULIE, S. I. ( aauXflj), 
 
 of the trunk of the body ; DIASTEMATO- 
 CHEILIE, s. f. ( #<<>*), f tne lip : 
 
 DlASTEMATOCRAHIE, S. f. ( xfv/v),
 
 DIA 
 
 of the tkull; DIASTKMATOCYSTIE, s. f. 
 ( xuirris), of the urinary bladder ; Di- 
 
 ASTEMATOGASTRIE, S. f. ( yaiTT^), of 
 
 the parietes of the belly; DIASTEMATO- 
 GLOSSIE, s. f. ( 'yXuffira), of the tongue; 
 
 DlASTEMATOG.VATHIE, S. f. ( yia.6ai) 
 
 of the jaws; DIASTEMATOMETRIE, s. f. 
 ( ^rga), of the womb ; DIASTEMATO- 
 PYELIE, s. ( -rusXaf), of the pelvis ; 
 
 DlASTEMATOHACHIE, S. f. ( />'?), f 
 
 the spine ; DIASTEMATORHINIE, s. f. ( 
 ftti), of the nose; DIASTKMATOSTAPHY- 
 LIE, s. f. ( a-rapi/Xj?), of the uvula ; Dr- 
 
 ASTEMATOSTERXIE, S. ( <TTSvay), of 
 
 the sternum ; DIASTEMENTERIE, s. f. ( 
 ifvrsfov), of the intestinal canal. DIASTE- 
 MATIE, s. f., a term, of like origin, is also 
 employed as designative of an organic de- 
 viation characterized by the presence of a 
 fissure in the mesial line of the body. All 
 these compounds may be latinized by the 
 conversion of the final e into a ; or ger- 
 manized by the simple prefix of the femi- 
 nine article, die, without any such conver- 
 sion. See Diclionaire des Termes usites 
 dans les Sciences Naturelles, v. i., p. 383. 
 
 DIASTOLE, s. , J/ao-roX^, diastole, f. 
 L., ausdehnung, f. G. : in Physiology, 
 that state of dilatation of the heart, er- 
 weiterung des herzens, G., which takes 
 place on the afflux of blood into its cavi- 
 ties ; and alternates with that of SYSTOLE. 
 
 DlASTROPHIE, S. f., ^la.ffrpoQn, diaS- 
 
 trophe, f. L., verzerrung, f. G. : 1. con- 
 tortion, as of the facial muscles from spasm, 
 die verziehung der gesichtmuskeln durch 
 krampf, G. ; 2. dislocation, as of the bones, 
 muscles, or other organs, consequent upon 
 a wrench ; 3. obliquity, as of vision : Ex. 
 
 Siaff-rgaQri efiftiiruv, Squinting. DlASTRO- 
 
 PHIQUE, adj. ? diastrophicus, diastro- 
 
 phisch ?, an diastrophie leidend, awry, 
 
 distorted, suffering from distortion : Exs. 
 ^i&rr/itiQos reu; o<pffa*.fiavs One who squints ; 
 ra trap* deformed in person. 
 
 DIATHESE, s. f. ^ia,6i<riS) diathesis, f. 
 L.., anlage, beschaffenheit, f. G., dispo- 
 sition, inclination, tendency : Exs. Dia- 
 thesis ad morbum, L., krankheitsan/o^e, 
 G., predisposition to disease ; diathesis ar- 
 thritica, L., a gouty diathesis. 
 
 DIATRITAIRE, s. m. and adj. : a term, 
 or epithet, applied to certain physicians, 
 medici diatritarii, L., of the methodi- 
 cal sect; who professed to cure all diseas- 
 es, by imposing upon their patients, a 
 three-days' rigorous abstinence from food. 
 Improperly derived from the Greek adj., 
 3/a-r^/Taf, which signifies returning every 
 third day. 
 
 DIAZOMA, s. m. F., n. L. : a term bor- 
 rowed from the Greek, lia^upa. ; and syn. 
 
 With DlAPHRAGME. 
 
 DIAZOSTER, s. m. F. and L., S/a^axw^: 
 the 12th lumbar vertebra ; so named be- 
 206 
 
 DID 
 
 cause corresponding to the waist or waist- 
 land of the human figure or dress. 
 
 DlCHOTOME, lldj., 3i%a<refias, dichoto- 
 
 mus, L., gabelformig, gabelspaltig, ge- 
 zweitheilt, zweitheilig, G forked, divided 
 into two equal branches or parts : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Botany, to the organs of 
 plants, which are equally divided into two : 
 as the frond of Spongodium dichotomum ; 
 and the bifurcated stem of Ranun/ulus di- 
 chotomus: in Astronomy, to the half-moon, 
 s-iX^v?) S/^oVa^of. 
 
 DICOQUE, adj., dicoccus (S/V, twice, 
 xdx,xos, berry), L. zweikernig, zweiknopf- 
 ig, G. : an epithet applied, in Botany, to 
 a fruit or capsule, capsula dicocca, L., 
 which, like that of Mercurialis, contains 
 two berries. 
 
 DlCOTYLEDONES, S. f., pi. (}};, twice, xo- 
 
 TwAxSa-v, a cotyledon) : a term employed, 
 in Botany, to designate plants, die Diko- 
 tyledonen, pflanzen mit zwei samenlappen, 
 G., whose seeds are provided with two 
 cotyledons or seed-lobes. The dicotyledonous 
 plants, plantes dicotyledones, F., plantae 
 dicotyledoneee, L., zweisamenlappige pflan- 
 zen, G., form the 3rd ^rand Division in 
 the Natural Alethod, of Jussieu. 
 
 DICROTE, adj., bisferiens, L., doppel- 
 schlagig, G. : an epithet applied, in Patho- 
 logy, to a pulse, pouls dicrote ou rebondis- 
 sant, F., yifvyfuos S/xjora;, pulsus dicro- 
 tus,L. doppelsch lager, ein zweimalschldg- 
 ender puls, G., which exhibits a double 
 stroke, or rebounds, at each pulsation. 
 
 DICTAMNE de Crete, s. m. : in Botany, 
 a species of the genus, Origanum, see O- 
 RIGAN. The flowering tops of the Dittany 
 of Crete, (). dictamnus, kretischer dip- 
 tarn, G., highly aromatic, and heretofore 
 celebrated as vulnerary and cordial, enter 
 into the composition of many French phar- 
 maceutical preparations. 
 
 DICTYOI'DE, adj., "BixTueitbris, retifor- 
 mis, L,., inetzformig, G., reticular, re- 
 tiform, net-like : an epithet, in Anatomy, 
 synon. with RETICULAIRE. 
 
 DIDELPHES, s. m., pi., Didefphi (S;V, 
 twice, SsXip/s, Ssxpua, the womb), L. : a 
 term, in Zoology, applied, by Blainville, 
 to the Sub-class of Mammifera, die beu- 
 telthiere, G., which exhibit a double an 
 external abdominal pouch in addition to 
 the ordinary uterus. See M ARSUPIAUX. 
 Synon. with DIDELPHIDES, F., Didelphi- 
 dae, L. 
 
 DIDYMALGIE, s. f., didymalgia, f. (S/St/- 
 fioi, the testes, aAya?, pain), I,., hoden- 
 schmerz, m. G. ? pain in the testes. 
 
 DIDYKAMIE, s. f., didynamia, f. L., 
 zweimachtigkeit, G. : a term literally 
 signifying two powers (S/y, luya.ft.ii, power); 
 and employed, in Botany, to designate the 
 14th Class in the Sexual System, of Lin- 
 naeus. It comprehends those plants,.
 
 DIF 
 
 plantes didynamiques, F., plantce didyna- 
 micas, L , which have two long and two 
 short hence named didynamous stamens, 
 etamines didy names, F., zweimachtlge 
 staubfaden, G. 
 
 DIERESE, s. f., 'bitt'ioiffis, diaeresis, f. L. 
 zerreissung, f. G., separation or divi- 
 sion, solution of continuity : in Surgery, 
 an operative process, which consists in se- 
 parating by mechanical or chemical agents, 
 agens dieretiques, F., $i<ziaeTixci,di(ere- 
 tica, L., parts or organs, the union, con- 
 tiguity, or continuity of which would be 
 injurious : in Pathology, the solution of 
 continuity, or separation, of blood-vessels 
 or other organs, previously continuous, or 
 contiguously situated ; as exemplified in 
 
 Haemorrhagia per diceresin, I..., eine 
 
 durch zertrennung der gefasse entstandene 
 blutung, G., loss of blood consequent on 
 rupture of the (containing) vessels. 
 
 DIETE, s. f., Vtcttrct, diseta, f. L. : a 
 term, in Medicine and Hygiene, employed 
 in divers significations ; as L, and origi- 
 nally, to denote the general manner of 
 living lebensweise, f. G., of an indivi- 
 dual ; and comprehending everything re- 
 quisite for the sustenance of life : 2., un- 
 der the modern and more limited designa- 
 tion of regimen, victus ratio, L., mat, 
 f. G., to indicate any particular plan of 
 food, as diete lactee, F., a milk-diet ; and 
 incorrectly, by the French, as synon. with 
 abstinence from food. Thus, the expres- 
 sion, mettre quelq 'un a la diete, implies, 
 with them, the adoption of the starving 
 
 System. DIETETIQUE, adj., Siatrnnxo;, 
 
 diseteticus, diatetisch, zur diat geho- 
 rig, dietetic, dietetical, pertaining to diet. 
 
 DIETETIQ.UE, S. f., eiKiTnxn (TJ^VJJ), 
 dietetica (ars, doctrina), L., die diate- 
 tik, G., dietetics : in Hygiene and The- 
 rapeutics, the art of regulating the diet 
 for the prevention, or in the treatment, 
 of various diseases. DIETETISTE, s. m., 
 dietist : the term applied to a physician, 
 $iatrnxos (laraoi), disetetista, m. Li., 
 who exclusively restricts himself to the 
 use of dietetic remedies in the treatment 
 of diseases. 
 
 DIFFORMITE, s. f., deformitas, f. L., 
 aii$iK, ungestaltheit, f. G., deformi- 
 ty : the popular designation of external 
 defect of structure, vice de conformation 
 exterieure, F., congenital or accidental. 
 DIFFORME, adj., deformis, aitins, a.p.0%- 
 <fes, ungestaltet, iibelgebildet, Reform- 
 ed, mis-snapen : an epithet applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to whole plants, which, as Chtetospora 
 
 deformis, or to the organs of certain 
 
 plants which, as the anther ofJusticia hys- 
 topifolia, and the petal of Epimedium, 
 exhibit an extraordinary figure. 
 
 DIFFUS, adj diffusus, L. ausgebreit- 
 et, L., diffuse, diffused : an epithet ap- 
 
 207 
 
 DIG 
 
 plied, in Pathology, to certain forms of a- 
 neurism, see ANEVRISME : in Physics, 
 to an object, objet diffvs, F., which does 
 not make a distinct image upon the reti- 
 na : in Botany, to a plant which, like Cy~ 
 perus diffusus, spreads out its branches. 
 
 DIFFUSIBLE, adj., ausbreitbar, G. : an 
 epithet applied, in Materia Medica, to a- 
 gents which produce a powerful but tran- 
 sient excitement of the nervous and vas- 
 cular systems. Thus ammonia, alcohol, 
 and sulphuric ether, are termed diffusible 
 stimulants. 
 
 DIGASTRIQUE, adj., digastricus (S/V, 
 twice, yaffrrig, belly), L., zweibauchig, 
 G., two-bellied : an epithet applied, in 
 
 Anatomy, to a muscle of the lower jaw, 
 
 m. digastrique (masto'ido-ge'nien, Ch,), F., 
 digastricus, biventer maxillae inferioris, 
 
 I-", zweibauchiger unterkiefermuskel, 
 
 G., which consists of two fleshy portions 
 or bellies, with an intervening tendon. It 
 extends from the mastoid process of the 
 temporal bone, to the symphysis of the 
 jaw. The tendon traverses, in its course, 
 the lower portion of the stylo-hyoid mus- 
 cle, or, rather, an aponeurotic ring fixed 
 to the hyoid bone. 
 
 DIGESTEUR, s. m. See MAHMITE de 
 Papin. 
 
 DIGESTIF, s. m. : in Pharmacy, the 
 
 name of a stimulating Ointment, Ungu- 
 
 entum digestivum, L., digestivsulbe, tere- 
 binthinsalbe, G., consisting principally 
 of turpentine and the yolk of egg. It is 
 the Unguentum de Terebinthina et Oro- 
 rum Vitellis, quod vocant Digestivum sim- 
 plex p. 360 of the Paris Pharmacopcea. 
 
 DIGESTION, s. f. digestio, f. L vi^ts, 
 
 daaung, verdaaung, f. G. : in Physiolo- 
 gy, one of the most important in the se- 
 ries of processes to which alimentary sub- 
 stances are subjected on introduction into 
 the intestinal canal of animals. Its imme- 
 diate object is the conversion of the ali- 
 mentary mass into chyme ; its ultimate 
 purpose, the increase or renovation, see 
 NUTRITION, of the animal body : in Sur- 
 gery, the disposition of a wound or sore to 
 a healthy suppuration by digestive reme- 
 dies, remedia digestiva, differentia, Li., 
 die verdauunffsmittel, G. : in Pharmacy, 
 the solution, digerirung, f. G., of a so- 
 lid substance in alcohol, water, or other 
 menstruum, by the aid of an elevated tem- 
 perature. 
 
 DIGITAL, adj., digitalis, L., letxrvXi- 
 xoi, exhibiting the figure of, or belonging 
 to, the^?rarer,-_digitus, L,. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, 1. to the posterior 
 horn, cavite digitale, F., see CAVITE, 
 of the lateral ventricle of the brain : 2. to 
 the vermiform appendix, appendice digi- 
 lal, of the CAECUM : 3. to the blood-ves- 
 sels and nerves arteree, veines, et nerfs
 
 DIG 
 
 digltauX) which supply the fingers : 4. to 
 the slight impressions impr. digitales, 
 which exist on the cerebral surface of the 
 cranial bones, and correspond to the con- 
 volutions of the brain. 
 
 DIGITALS, s. f. t a genus, in Botany, 
 Digitalis ( Didynamia, angiosperm. ; Scro- 
 phularinete ), L., der Fingerhut, G., 
 Foxglove, containing many species ; one 
 of which only, the purple, D. purpu- 
 rea, d. pourpree, F. rother purpurroth- 
 
 er fingerhut, braunes fingerkraut, G., 
 
 a common European species, is medicinal. 
 Of this powerfully sedative, diuretic, and, 
 in large doses, poisonous plant, the French 
 and Germans have a Simple Tincture, 
 Tinctura de Foliis Digitalis purpurese, 
 Ph. Gall., Einfache Tinctur des rothen 
 Fingerhuts : and the Germans, an Ethere- 
 al Tincture, Extract, and Unguent, Ae- 
 therische Tinctur, Dicksaft, und Salbe des 
 rothen Fingerhuts. See Roques, Phyto^ 
 graphic Medicale, v. i, p. 189. 
 
 DIGITALIXE, s. f., digitalina, f. L. : an 
 organic alcali which exists in the leaves of 
 Digitalis purpurea. 
 
 DIGITATION, s. f., digitatio, f. L., 
 division into fingers : a disposition exhi- 
 bited by the margins of divers muscles, 
 and conspicuously by those of the Serratus 
 magnus, and Obliquus exlernus abdominis, 
 in their coalescence on the ribs. Synon. 
 with DKNTEI.UEE. DIGITE, adj., digi- 
 tatus, Jrf., JXTI/XTOJ, digitated, G., 
 finger-shaped, furnished with fingers : an 
 epithet applied, in Botany, to the organs 
 of plants when divided, like the frond of 
 Laminaria digitata, into several finger-like 
 portions; or a compound leaf when dispos- 
 ed, as that of jEsculus, in the form ofdigi- 
 tations: in Zoology, by Blumenbach, to 
 an Order of Mammifera, DIGIT ES, pi., 
 Digitati, L., comprehending those ani- 
 mals which have separate toes on all the 
 four feet. DIGITIFORME, adj., digiti- 
 formis, fingerformig, digitiform : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Botany, to plants whose 
 organs, like the digitated leaf of Hibiscus 
 digitiformis, or that of Mesembryanthemum 
 digitiforme, exhibit a finger-like disposition. 
 
 DIGITIGRAJDES, s. m., pi., digitigradi 
 (digitus, a finger or toe, gradior, I tread), 
 L. : a term applied, by Cuvier and other 
 zoologists, to a family of Mammifera ; 
 comprehending those animals which, like 
 the individuals of the genera, Canis, Felis, 
 and Mustela, tread, in the act of progres- 
 sion, only on the extremity of the toes. 
 
 DIGYNIE, s. f., digynia. f. (?<;, twice, 
 yvw, female), L., digynie, f. G. : a term, 
 in Botany, conferred, by Linnaeus, upon 
 an Order in five different Classes of the 
 Sexual System. It comprehends those 
 plants, plantes digynes, F., plantse digy- 
 nce, L., siweiweibige pflanzen, G., which 
 
 208 
 
 D1L 
 
 exhibit either two distinct pistils ov female 
 organs, a style surmounted by two stig- 
 mata, or even two sessile stigmata. The 
 epithet, diyynous, is also applied to speci- 
 fically designate certain plants which, like 
 Rumex digynus, differ from their congeners, 
 in the possession of two pistils : and, by 
 Malacarne, to a class of monsters, charac- 
 terized by the presence of the double fe- 
 male sex in one individual. 
 
 DILACERATION, s. f., dilaceratio, f. L. : 
 the separation of soft parts by the action 
 of a tearing hody. See DECHIREMENT. 
 
 DILATABILITE, s. f,, dilatabilitas, f. 
 Li., dehnbarkeit, f. G., dilatability : the 
 property of dilatation, DILATATION, s. f., 
 dilatatio, f. L,, uvtvouffpo;, ausdehn- 
 ung, f. G. ; as, in Chemistry, of water and 
 other bodies, by the action of caloric : in 
 Physiology and Physics, of divers parts of 
 the animal body, either in a state of health, 
 as the expansion of cavities by the agency 
 of dilating muscles, see DILATATEUR; 
 or in a state of disease, as, in Surgery, the 
 enlargement of fistulse, or the natural ori- 
 fices of the mucous membranes, by the 
 introduction of a dilator. 
 
 DILATATEUE, s. m., and adj. : an epi- 
 thet, or term, applied, in Anatomy, to 
 certain muscles, -m. dilatants, F., muscu- 
 li dilatantes, I..., erweiternde muskeln, G., 
 serving to dilate any cavity to the pa- 
 rietes of which they are attached. Thus, 
 the Crico-thyroideus, and Crico-arytcenoide- 
 iis posticus have been respectively desig- 
 nated, by Lieutaud, le dilatateur anterieur, 
 et posterieur du larynx, F. In Surgery, 
 a dilator, or dilating instrument, dilato- 
 
 rium, speculum, n. L., erweiterungsin- 
 
 strument, n. G. 
 
 DILATE, adj., dilatatus, L., ausge- 
 breitet, erweitert, G., dilated : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Medical and Surgical Pa- 
 thology, to the pupil of the eye, the cavi- 
 ties of the nostril, of the heart, or other 
 hollow organ, or the blood-vessels, when 
 exhibiting, from any morbid cause or al- 
 teration, an unwonted increase of the na- 
 tural dimensions or calibre : in Obstetrics, 
 to the orifice of the uterus when yielding 
 from its ordinary state of occlusion, in the 
 process of parturition, or the development 
 of an internal tumour : in Botany, to di- 
 vers organs of plants which gradually ex- 
 pand from base to summit, as the filament 
 of Ornithogalum Pyrenaicum ; the throat 
 of the corolla of Mirabilis Jalapa ; and the 
 stigma of Orobanche minor. 
 
 DINDOK, s, m. : a genus, in Ornitholo- 
 gy, Meleagris (Gallinacea, Alectorides, 
 Cuv.), L. ; the principal species of which, 
 M. gallopavo. der walche hahn, G., the 
 common turkey, a native of the West- 
 Indian islands and North America, has 
 long been introduced into Europe ; and
 
 DIO 
 
 constitutes a favourite article of diet \villi 
 the inhabitants. Thejlesh of the domes- 
 ticated animal is less digestible and nutri- 
 tious than that of game-birds and the com- 
 mon fowl. In the wild state, turkeys con- 
 gregate in small flocks; and frequently at- 
 tain a very considerable size. See Faune 
 des Medecins, v. iv, p. 429. 
 
 DIODONCEPHALE, s. m., diodoncepha- 
 lon, n. (Sij, double, o$uj, tooth, *<paXi, 
 hesd), L. : a name given, by Geoffroy-St.- 
 Hilaire, to monsters which exhibit a double 
 TOW of teeth. See Philosophic Anatomique; 
 Monstruosites Humaines, p. 98. 
 
 DiokciE, s. f., dioecia, f. (SJj, '/, 
 house), L. : a name given, b} r Linnceus, to 
 a Class and Order of plants, in his Sexual 
 System ; comprehending those which ex- 
 hibit male flowers upon one individual, 
 and female on the other. DIOIQUE, adj., 
 dioicus, L., zweihausig, G., dioeci- 
 ous: an epithet applied, generally, to 
 plants belonging to Dioecia, zur diocie 
 gehorig, G. ; and, specifically, to those, as 
 Bryonia , Urtica dioecia, which are distin- 
 guished, from their congeners, by such pe- 
 culiarity of character. 
 
 DIOXCOSE, s. f. S;yx<r<,-, literally swell, 
 inrj, intumescentia, f. L. aufschwellen, 
 n. G. : in Pathology, a term employed, by 
 the Methodists, to designate a plethora, 
 which they regard as an effect of the diffu- 
 sion of the circulating fluids, or retention 
 of the excrementitious evacuations. 
 
 DioxvsiEN', s. m., dionysianus, m. I* : 
 a term applied, in Pathology, to an indivi- 
 dual who exhibits bony or horn-like excres- 
 cences, DIOXYSISIQUES, s. m., pL, dio- 
 nysisci, I,., on the frontal regions. The 
 term is derived from tavu<n>s, a Greek sy- 
 nonym of the God, Bacchus ; whom the 
 poets have represented as wearing horns. 
 
 DIOPHTHALME, s. m. fascia diophthal- 
 mica, f L. Synon. with BINOCLE. 
 
 DIOPTRE, s. m., S/Wr^a, SiW-r^av, di- 
 optrum, n. L. : in Surgery, an instrument 
 wherewith to dilate a cavity, in order to 
 obtain a view of its interior ; hence syn. 
 with the French DILATATEUR, and Latin 
 speculum: by Kraus, represented as mean- 
 ing, especially, a speculum uteri, mutter- 
 spiegel, m. G. : in Optics, an instrument 
 for measuring heights and angles. 
 
 DIOPTRIQUE, adj., 2<Wrg<a; : belong- 
 ing to, or skilled in the use of, dioptrical 
 instruments, instr. dioptriques, F., diop- 
 trische instrumenten, G. Colores dioptri- 
 ei, Li., prismatische farben, G., prisma^ 
 tic colours. Substantively employed, 
 A/wrfi*i, dioptrica, f. L.,-l-die dioptrik, 
 G. the art of using dioptrical instru- 
 ments; or that branch of Physics which 
 investigates the properties of refracted 
 light, or the phenomena produced by it, in 
 traversing media of different density. 
 209 
 
 DIP 
 
 DlORRHKSE, DlORRHOSE, S. f., lio(furi{ 
 
 (Sioppoca, to convert into serum), diorrho- 
 sis, f. L. : in Pathology, the dissolution of 
 the solids of the animal body, and their 
 evacuation by the urinary passages. 
 
 DlORTHOSE, S. f., $ieg0a<ris, OlOrthosis, 
 
 f. Li., literally rectification, verbesser- 
 ung, f. G. : in Operative Surgery, the re- 
 duction of a fractured or dislocated bone. 
 
 DIOSMA, s. F. and L. : a genus, in Bo- 
 tany, ( Penlandria monogyn.), the Buchu 
 Plant, constituting the type of the Na- 
 tural Family of the DIOSMEES, s. f., pi., 
 Diosmece, JL. It comprehends several 
 principally odoriferous shrubs, natives of 
 the Cape of Good Hope. One species, D. 
 oppositifolia, is employed, by the Hottentots, 
 in the treatment of various diseases, and, 
 especially, retention of urine ; and the 
 leaves of another, D. crenala, have lately 
 been introduced into Europe, under the 
 title of Buchu leaves, for the cure of gleet 
 and gonorrhoea. DiossiiNEi s. f., diosmi- 
 na, f. L. : a bitter substance constituting 
 the active principle of the leaves of D. 
 crenala. 
 
 DIPETALE. adj , dipetalus (&?, double, 
 !TTaXs, a petal), L,., mit zwei blumen- 
 bldttern versehen, G., dipetalous : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Botany, to the corolla of 
 a plant, consisting, as in Pelargonium dipe- 
 talum, of two petals: also, to the keel, ca- 
 rene, F., of papilionaceous flowers, when 
 the two petals, of which it consists, are un- 
 adherent in their whole extent. 
 
 DIPHYLLE, adj diphyllus ("Sit, <py*- 
 
 Xav,leaf), L. zweiblattrig,mit zwei kelch- 
 bl'dttern versehen, G., diphyllous : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Botany, to the organs of 
 plants which consist of two leaves or pieces ; 
 as the calyx of Papaver ; the spatha of 
 Allium carinatum ; the bulb of Chiloglottis ; 
 and the stem of Dentaria diphylla. A com- 
 pound leaf is, abo, termed diphyllous, when , 
 as in Cassia diphylla, the common petiole 
 sustains only two leaflets ,- or the organ is 
 deeply divided, as in Jeffersonia diphylla, 
 into two lobes. 
 
 DipLocEFHAriE, s. f., diplocephalia, f. 
 ($i<r\'ot>;, double, xsipax*!, head), L. : a term 
 applied, by Breschet, to a genus of organic 
 deviations characterized by the presence 
 of two heads on the same body. In like 
 manner, DIPLOGASTRIE, s. , diplogas- 
 tria, f. (same, and yeurrrig) L., and DIP- 
 LOG ENESE, s. f., diplogenesis, f. (same, 
 and -yinfis, production), L., are, by that 
 writer, used to designate organic 'devia- 
 tions, respectively distinguished by the 
 existence of two trunks on one pelvis, and 
 by the conjunction of two or more germ*. 
 
 DIPLOE, s. m., WA, literally dupli- 
 cation, diploe, f. L. and G. : a term em- 
 ployed, by Anatomists, to designate the 
 layer of cellular tissue, interposed between
 
 DIS 
 
 the two tables of the fiat bones, and espe- 
 cially those of the cranium: by the anci- 
 ents, one of the membranes of the uterus. 
 DiPLoiauE, DiPLOETiauE, adj., diploi- 
 
 cus, diploeticus, L., pertaining to the 
 
 diploe : Ex. Substance dipldique, vaisseaux 
 dipldiques, F., the substance and vessels 
 of the diploe. 
 
 DIPLOME, s. m., J/Vxs^ia, diploma, n. 
 L.. : in Pharmacy, a vessel, with double pa- 
 rietes, ein gefass mit doppelten wanden, 
 G., destined for the formation of a water- 
 bath, technically balneum mariae, L., 
 wasserbad, G., see &AHMMrfe In Sci- 
 ence, a written document, diploma, 
 doctordiplom, n. G., conferring the title 
 and privileges of Doctor in Medicine and 
 the other learned professions. 
 
 DIP LO PIE, s. f., diplopia, f. (Wxf, 
 double, S^is, sight), visus duplex, L dop- 
 peltsehen, n. G., double vision : in Pa- 
 thology, an affection of the organ of sight, 
 in which every object produces two distinct 
 impressions upon the retina. 
 
 DiPsiiTiQUE, adj., $i$vnx.o;, dipseti- 
 cus, L., dipsetic : an epithet applied, in 
 Materia Medico, to remedies, remedia 
 dipsetica, L., which excite thirst, S/^-a. 
 
 DIPTERE, adj., W<rsj, dipterus, bi- 
 alatus, bipennis, L,., zweifliiglich, G., 
 dipterous : an epithet applied, in Botany 
 and Entomology, to a vegetable organ or 
 insect, furnished with two wings ; as, a- 
 mong plants, the seed of Halesia diplera ; 
 among insects, those which, from this cir- 
 cumstance, constitute the Order, DIP- 
 TKRES, s. f. pi., Diptera, L., or two- 
 winged insects. See Meigen, Systematische 
 Beschreibung der bekannten Europ'dischen 
 Zweiftugeligen Insekten. Aachen, 6 vol., 
 8vo., 1818 1830. DIPTEROLOGTTE, s. m., 
 dipterologus, m. L., dipterologist : a 
 naturalist devoted to dipterology, DIPTE- 
 ROLOGIE, s. f., dipterologia, f. L., the 
 study of the Diptera. 
 
 DISCOIDE, adj., S/rxo/Srif, discoides, 
 discoideus, L., scheibenformig, G., dis- 
 coid: an epithet applied, in Botany, to 
 parts, or organs, of plants which exhibit 
 two parallel flattened surfaces with an ob- 
 tuse circular border ; as the fruit of Phy- 
 tolacca ; the pileus of Agaricus discoideus, 
 and seed of Strychnos nux vomica : in Zoo- 
 logy, to univalve shells, whose spires are 
 vertically convoluted on the same plane ; 
 and which, consequently, present the fi- 
 gure of a disk, see DisauE, as the vari- 
 ous species ofPlanorbis and the Ammonites. 
 DISCRET, adj., unterscheiden, G., 
 distinct, separate : an epithet applied, in 
 Pathology, to certain Exanthemata ; the 
 pustules of which, as in distinct Variola, 
 are perfectly separate from each other- 
 Hence opposed, in signification, to CON. 
 
 JTLUENT. 
 
 210 
 
 DIS 
 
 DISCRIMEN, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 from the Latin, literally signifying separa- 
 tion or division ; and applied, in Surgery, 
 to a bandage which is used in the operation 
 of blood-letting from the frontal vein. 
 
 DISCUSSIF, adj., discutiens (discutere, 
 to disperse), L., discutient : an epithet 
 applied, in Materia Medica, to remedies, 
 Discussifs, F., remedia discutientio, dis- 
 
 cussoria, L,., zertheilende mittel, G., 
 
 which are externally used for the disper- 
 sion of tumours and congestions. 
 
 DISLOCATION, s. L, dislocatio, f. L,. 
 Synon. with LUXATIOK. 
 
 DISPENSAIRE, s. m., dispensatorium, 
 n. L. : a book, codex , liber pharma- 
 ceuticus, L., apothekerbuch, m., phar- 
 makopoie, f. G., dispensatory, wherein 
 the history, physical qualities, chemical 
 composition, and mode of preparation, of 
 the various pharmaceutical agents are 
 treated of and described ; as the Edinburgh 
 and London Dispensatories, and Codex Me- 
 dicamentarius, sive Pharmacopoea Gallica, 
 of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris : also, 
 a public institution, dispensary, for the 
 cheap or gratuitous treatment of the sick 
 poor ; and the room, laboratorium, n. L. 
 and G., devoted to the dispensation, F., 
 G., and E., of medicines by an apotheca- 
 ry, hence termed a dispenser, DISPENSA- 
 TEUR, s. m., dispensator, m. I,. 
 
 DISPERME, adj. dispermus (S/V, double', 
 ff^'t^a., seed), L., zweisaamig, G. : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Botany, to the fruit of 
 plants which, like that of Berberis vulgaris, 
 is dispermons, or contains two seeds. 
 
 DISPOSITION, s. f., dispositio, f. L. : a 
 term, in its application to Anatomy, sig- 
 nifying arrangement, ordnung, f. G. the 
 mutual relations of different parts of the 
 human body : in Pathology, synon. with, 
 but more extended in signification than, 
 Diathesis. 
 
 DISQUE, s. m., S/Vxoj, discus, m. I,., 
 diskus, m., scheibe, f. G., disk : a term, 
 of extensive application in Astronomy, 
 Botany, and Zoology. Thus, the visible 
 surface of the sun, moon, or a planet, 
 that portion of the surface of a leaf situ- 
 ated between the borders, the central part 
 of the assemblage of flowers constituting 
 an umbel or corymb, the collection of flo- 
 rets occupying the centre of the calathide 
 the central florets of the radiated Syn- 
 genesious plants, the central part of the 
 wings of insects, and the convex portion of 
 a bivalve shell, are denominated disk. See, 
 also, DISCOIDE. 
 
 DISSECTION, s. , dissectio, f. L., $/- 
 xeirn . a term synon. with ANATOMIE. Dit- 
 section, however, when performed upon 
 the human body, is more precisely express- 
 ed by ANTHROPOTOMIE ; on man and the 
 lower animals, by ZOOTOMIE ; upon plants,
 
 DIS 
 
 PHYTOTOMIE. The objects of dissection 
 of the animal body are either anatomical, 
 or pathological. In the former case, it has 
 received different designations according 
 to the organ, or organs, upon which the 
 investigation is directed. See ANGIOTO- 
 MIE, DEIIMOTOMIE, MYOTOMIE, NEVRO- 
 TOM1E, OSTEOTOMIE, SYNDESMOTOMIK. 
 
 DISSEMBLABLE, adj., dissimilis, L., 
 avaftoio;, unahnlich, G., dissimilar, un- 
 like : an epithet applied, in Botany, to 
 the parts, or organs, of plants which, as the 
 lobes of the anther of Salvia, the anthers of 
 Cassia, and leaves of Morysia diuersifolia, 
 exhibit a diversity of figure in the same or- 
 gan, Hower, or individual plant. 
 
 DJSSIMULE, adj., dissimulatus, L. 
 See SIMULE. 
 
 DISSOLUTION, s, f., dissolutio, f. L.., 
 "SidXvirif, auflb'sung, losung, f. G. : in Che- 
 mistry, an operation which consists in 
 combining with a body, the quantity of 
 water or other solvent fluid DISSOLVANT, 
 s. m., and adj., solvens, L., S/aXi/T/xav, 
 auflosunffsmittel, G., sufficient to destroy 
 the aggregation of its molecules : in Pa- 
 thology, employed to designate an unusual 
 fluidity of the blood and other animal flu- 
 ids: in common language, cessation of life, 
 extinction of the vital principle, in a- 
 nimal bodies. DISSOLUBLE, adj., solubi- 
 lis, S/aXi/To;, auflosbar, soluble, capa- 
 ble of solution. 
 
 DISTENSION, s. f., distensio, f. L., 
 ausdehnung, f. G. : in Pathology, conside- 
 rable tension, as of the parietes of a hollow 
 organ, from inordinate accumulation of its 
 contents. 
 
 DISTICHIASE, s. f., $i/rri%iKir<s, disti- 
 chiasis, f. L. : a disease induced by the in- 
 version of the internal row of a dlstichia, 
 S/irra/^/a, or double row of eye-lashes, 
 eine doppelte reihe der augenliederhaare, 
 G. upon the eye-ball, and the consequent 
 inflammation and ulceration of that organ. 
 See TRICHIASE. DISTIQUE, adj., S<W/- 
 ^-as, distichus, zweireihig, zweizeilig : 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to parts, or 
 organs, of plants, arranged in hco series or 
 rows, along a common axis. 
 
 DISTILLATION, s. , distillatio, f. L., 
 abziehen, n. G. : a well-known process 
 in Chemistry, executed by means of a 
 distilling apparatus, or still, appareil dis- 
 tillatoire, F., alembicus, m. L., stille, f. 
 G., see ALAMBIC. DISTILLIS, adj. : an 
 epithet applied to the product, that which 
 has been exposed to the process, of dis- 
 tillation : Ex. Eau distillee, F., destillirtes 
 wasser, G., aqua distillata, L., distilled 
 water. 
 
 DISTOME, s. m.: a genus, in Helminth- 
 ology, Distoma (Sij, double, fr'npa, mouth), 
 L.., das Doppelmaul, G., comprehend- 
 ing, according to Rudolphi, Entzoorum 
 
 211 
 
 DIV 
 
 Synopsis, p. 362, numerous specie?. De- 
 scribed, by French helminthological writ- 
 ers, under the genus, FASCICLE. 
 
 DISTOKSION, s. f., distorsio, f. Cdis- 
 
 torqtiere, to turn awry, to twist), L., /- 
 >rgt>$y, verdrehung, f. G., distortion : a 
 term employed to express, 1. violent 
 
 twisting or contortion, verstauchung, f. 
 
 G., of a part or member; 2. a convulsed 
 state of the muscles of the eye, whereby 
 the organ is drawn towards one point of 
 the orbit : and 3., incorrectly, to designate 
 curvature of the spine. 
 
 DISTYLE, adj., dist3 r lus, (JJj, double, 
 (Truces, a style), L. : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to plants, which, as the Casuari- 
 na dislyla, exhibit two styles. 
 
 DlTHACHYCEROS, S. m. (S/f, Tfa^iff, 
 
 rough, xifu;, horn), F. and L,. : a genus 
 of Entozoary Animals, first discovered, in 
 the excrement of a female, by Dr. Sult- 
 zer, of Strasburgh ; and, subsequently, by 
 I,esauvages, of Caen. The body, of very 
 minute size, is furnished with two rugged 
 and pointed horns or appendages. One 
 species only has, at present, been discover- 
 ed. It is the Bicornis rndis, of Sultzer, 
 Cysticcrcus bicornis, of .Zeder, and Dice- 
 ras rude, of Rudolphi. See Faune des Me- 
 decins, v. iv., p. 451. 
 
 DIURESE, s. f., diuresis, f. (S/, tho- 
 rough, oilgws, discharge of urine), L,., 
 harnabgang, m. G., abundant secretion 
 of urine. DiuRfcTiQUE, adj. : an epithet 
 applied, in Materia Medica, to those re- 
 medies, DiuRkTiQUES, F., diuretica* 
 
 Ij., diuretische oder harnlreibende mittel, 
 G., diuretics, which augment the secre- 
 tory action of the kidneys. 
 
 DIURNE, adj., diurnus, L., nfiiyvo;, 
 tiu'ipos, taglich, G., diurnal, daily: an 
 epithet applied, in Pathology, to diseases 
 which, as certain Exanthemata, recede at 
 night, and shew themselves only by day: 
 in Natural History, to animals and plants 
 which live but twenty-four hours ; or 
 which, as some of the Strigida:, among 
 Birds, see NOCTURNE, and the Diurna, 
 among Lepidopterous Insects, only appear 
 while the sun is above the horizon. 
 
 DIVERGENCE, s. f. divergentia, f. L. 
 auseinanderlaufen, n. G. : in Physics and 
 Natural History, the condition of two 
 lines, or organs, emanating and branching 
 out from one common point, or centre. 
 DIVERGENT, adj ., divergens, auseinan- 
 derfahrend, auseinanderlaufend, diverg- 
 ent, diverging. 
 
 DIVERTICULE, s. m., diverticubim, m 
 L,, literally a side-way, abweg, m. G., 
 diverticle : a designation applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to every hollow appendage which 
 belongs to, and communicates with the ca- 
 vity of, the intestinal canal, and termi- 
 nates in a cul-de-sac. 
 
 P2
 
 DOD 
 
 DIVISION, s. f., divisio, f. L., $///?, 
 theilung, abtheilung, trennung, f. G. : 
 in Surgery, the accidental separation of 
 parts, originally united, see PLAIE; or 
 the result of an operation undertaken 
 with a curative design. Drvisfc, adj., 
 divisus, $iaii<ros, getheilt, divided : an 
 epithet applied, in Botany, to any organ 
 which, as the androphore, andr. diuise, 
 of Jalropha pand tiro-folia, and the ovary of 
 the Labiate, is deeply cut into several por- 
 tions. The terms, bi-, tri-, quinquef.de, 
 bi-, tri-, quinqueparti, are respectively 
 employed to indicate the numbers two, 
 three, five, of the divisions which such 
 organs exhibit. DIVISIBILITY:, s. , di- 
 visibilitas, f. L.., theilbarkheit, f. G., 
 divisibility, susceptibility of division. 
 
 DIVISIF, adj. : in Surgery, an epithet 
 applied to a bandage, b. divisive, F., fas- 
 cia dividens, L.-which keeps parts in a state 
 of separation, and opposes their re-union. 
 
 DIVULSION, s. f., divulsio, f. L., /- 
 <ruff,s, abreissung, f. G. : the act of vio- 
 lently separating. Synon. with AHRACHE- 
 AIENT. 
 
 DOCIMASIE, s. f., ^ox,i/jt,a.ffla., docimasia, 
 
 f. L., untersuchung, priifung, probe, 
 
 probirkunst, f. G., the act, or art, of as- 
 saying or examining, trial, proof : a term 
 applied, 1. in Metallurgy, to experiments 
 made with a view of ascertaining the na- 
 ture and purity of a metal : 2., in Medical 
 Jurisprudence, to the series of tests, do- 
 cimasie pulmonaire, F., docimasia pulmo- 
 num, L.., die lungen/?rofo, G., to which 
 the lungs of a new-born child are subject- 
 ed, in order to determine whether or not it 
 have respired after birth : 3. in Pharmacy, 
 to the process, medicamentorum docima- 
 sia, L., die prufung der arzneikorper, G., 
 for ascertaining the purity of different 
 remedies. DOCIMASTIQ.UE, adj., $axip.a<r- 
 TIX.OS, docimastic, pertaining to docimaslics 
 art docimastique, F., Sax^aa-r/xsj, doci- 
 mastice, ars docimastica, L., die dokimas- 
 tik, G., or the practice of docimasia. 
 
 DOCIMASOLOGIE, s. f., docimasologia 
 (Soxipaffia., K'oyos, discourse), L., dokima- 
 sologie, untersuchungslehre, f. G., doci- 
 masology, a treatise on the art of assaying 
 or examining, in Metallurgy, Chemistry, 
 Surgery, Obstetrics, or Forensic Medicine. 
 
 DOCTRINE, s. f., doctrina, f. L., S<Sair- 
 *x/a, lehre, G. : a collection of propo- 
 sitions relative to the facts observed, the 
 hypotheses founded upon, or precepts de- 
 duced from, them in any department, or 
 the whole circle, of human knowledge. 
 
 DotcADACTYi.ON, s. m. F., n. L., 
 . SwStxaSaxruXav (iWtjov), zwolffingerdarm, 
 m. G. : a term, in Anatomy, synon. with 
 DUODENUM, a portion of the small intes- 
 tine, which measures, in length, about 
 twelve fingers' breadth. DODECADACTY- 
 
 212 
 
 DOI 
 
 LITE, s. f., dodecadactylilis, f. L. Sjnon. 
 with DUODENITE. 
 
 DODECAFIDE, adj., dodecafidus, L., 
 twelve-cleft, divided into twelve segments ; 
 as the parts of certain plants. Synon. with 
 Dodecaparti. DECAGONE, adj., decagon- 
 ous (S^Ssxa, twelve, yuria, angle), L,., 
 zwolfeckig, G., twelve-angled, exhibit- 
 ing, as the Pegasia dodecagona, twelve angle*. 
 
 DODECAGYNIE, s. f., dodecagynia, f. 
 (Sa/Ssxa, twelve, yvvv, a female), L. : in 
 Botany, an Order of plants, belonging to 
 the Sexual System of Linnaeus, and com- 
 prehending those whose flowers, fleurs 
 
 dodecagynes, F., flores dodecagyni, L., 
 
 zwolfweibige bluthen, G., are decagynous, 
 or furnished with twelve pistils, styles, or 
 sessile stigmata. 
 
 DODECANDRIE, s. f., dodecandria, f. 
 
 (same, and vj, a male) L., zwolfmann- 
 igkeit, f. G. ? : a name given, in the Sys- 
 tem of Linnaeus, to one Class, and three 
 
 Orders, comprehending those plants, 
 
 pinnies dodecandres ou dodecandriqiies, F., 
 
 plantoe dodecandra, L., zwolfmanniqe 
 
 pflanzen, G., whose flowers are furnish- 
 ed with from twelve to nineteen male or- 
 gans or stamens. The epithet, dodecan- 
 drous, is also employed as a specific desig- 
 nation of plants characterized, like Jussicea 
 dodecandra, by the presence of exactly 
 twelve stamens. 
 
 DODECAPETALE, adj., dodecapetalus 
 
 (Sefiixa., twelve, a-sraXov, a petal), L., do- 
 decapetalous : an epithet, in Botany, ap- 
 plied to a plant furnished with twelve pe- 
 tals, mit 12 blumenblattern versehen, G. 
 
 DOGMATISMS, s. m., dogmatismus, m. 
 (Say^a, a received opinion or tenet, a prin- 
 ciple of belief,) dogma, n. L., lehrsatz, 
 m., glaubenslehre, G., dogmatism: a 
 system, or theory, among the Ancients, 
 resulting from the application of philoso- 
 phy, and physical and chemical theories, 
 to medicine. DOGMATIQUE, adj., dog- 
 matic : an epithet applied, in Medical Sci- 
 ence, to those physicians Say^ar/xa* iWgM, 
 medici dogmatici, L., die dogmatischen, 
 theoretischen arzte, G., who are parti- 
 zans of dogmatism, or belong to the dogma- 
 tic sect, ecole dogmalique, F. ; and are, con- 
 sequently, opposed to the Empirics lar^oi 
 lp.viifiix.oi, who profess to take experience 
 alone for their guide. See EMPIRISME. 
 
 DOJGT, s. m.j SaxTi/Xo;, digitus, m. 
 L., finger, G. and E. : a term applied, in 
 Human Anatomy, to the five prolonga- 
 tions which form the extremity of the 
 hand, and terminate the atlantal limb. 
 The 1st is named thumb, pouce, m., le 
 gros doigt, F., avr/'^uf, pollex, m. L., 
 daum, daumen, m. G. ; 2nd, fore-finger, 
 index ou indicateur, x^aveV, indicator, 
 zeigefinger ; 3rd, middle finger, doigt de 
 milieu, digitus medius, mittelfinger ;
 
 DOR 
 
 4th, ring-finger, Vannulaire, see AN- 
 
 XEAU; and 5th, the little ^finger, Yanricii- 
 Inire, ou le petit doigt, digitus minimus, 
 der kleine finger. All these organs ex- 
 hibit three phalanges; except the first, 
 which has only two. The skin, covering 
 them, displays a different structure upon 
 the palmar from that on the dorsal surface. 
 This peculiarity, with the liberal distribu- 
 tion of nerves to the pulp at the extremi- 
 ty of the organ, imparts to the palmar 
 surface a very delicate sense of touch. 
 The term, doigt du pied, F., digitus pe- 
 dis, L., is employed to distinguish, in 
 man, the toes see ORTEIL, from the 
 fingers : and, in Zoology, the toes of the 
 lower animals are, by the French, deno- 
 minated doiyts. 
 
 DOIGTIER, s. m. : a vulgar synonym of 
 Digitalis purpurea. See DIGITALE. 
 
 DOLABRIFORME, adj., dolabriformis, 
 
 L.., hobelformig, G., ax-shaped : an e- 
 pithet applied, to the leaves, feu/lies dola- 
 briformes, F., of certain plants ; which, 
 as those of Mesembryanthemum dofabriforme, 
 resemble a carpenter' 1 s #.r, dolabra, L. 
 
 DOLIC, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Doli- 
 chos ( Diadelphia, decandr. ; Leguminosa), 
 Li., das Faseln, G., Horse-Eye Bean ; 
 containing numerous alimentary species, 
 principally natives of the East Indies and 
 America. The Cow-itch, D. pruriens, 
 juckendes faseln, G., formerly arranged 
 in this genus, is, by modern botanists, re- 
 ferred to Stizolobium. See Loudon, Ency- 
 clopeed. of Plants, p. 616. The new term 
 is compounded of <r<r/2>, to prick, XaV, a 
 pod. Two species, St. pruriens and urens, 
 afford the cow-itch or caw-hage, employed 
 medicinally as a vermifuge. 
 
 DOLOIRE, s. m. : in Surgery, the name 
 of a spiral bandage, b. en doloire, F., as- 
 cia vel fascia spiralis, L.., spiral- oder ho- 
 belbinde, G. 
 
 DORSAL,, adj., dorsalis, L., >ara7/>;, 
 zum riicken gehorig, G., belonging to the 
 back, dorsum, n. L., vurav . an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to certain organs, 
 parts, or regions, of the body; as, L, to 
 two muscles, one of which, A. M. grand 
 dorsal, ou tres-large du dos (lombo-hume'ral, 
 Ch.), F., latissimus dorsi, L., breiter 
 riickenmuskel, G., extends, on each side, 
 from the spinous processes of the seven 
 lower dorsal vertebrae, from all those of 
 the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum, from 
 the posterior part of the crest of the ili- 
 um, and the four lower false ribs, to the 
 inner or posterior margin of the bicipital 
 groove of the os brachii : and B, M. long 
 dorsal (portion costo-trachelienne du sacro- 
 spinal, Ch.), longissimus dorsi, innerer 
 riickgratstrecker ; extending from the sa- 
 crum to the summit of the back, and at- 
 tached, in its course, by tendinous and 
 213 
 
 DOS 
 
 fleshy slips, to nearly all the ribs, between 
 their tubercle and angle ; and, by small 
 tendons, to the transverse and articular 
 processes of all the lumbar ,and the trans- 
 verse of all the dorsal , vertebrae : 2. to 
 these vertebras, v. dorsales, L., vertebres 
 
 dorsales, F., rjickenwirbel, G., 12 in 
 
 number, and distinguished from those of 
 the neck and loins, by the impressions, on 
 the sides of their bodies, above and below, 
 and on their transverse processes, which 
 receive the head and tubercle of the cor- 
 responding rib : 3. to the whole region of 
 the back, rey. dorsale ; and to the superi- 
 or surface of the foot, and posterior of 
 the hand, face dorsale du pied, et de la 
 main. 
 
 In Zoology, to the bach Jin, nageoire 
 dorsale, F., ruckenttoss, m. G.,, of cer- 
 tain Cetacea and Fishes ; and an organ, 
 Vaisseau dorsale, F., ruckengefass, G., 
 the dorsal vessel, which exists in Insects, 
 most conspicuously, in their larva state; 
 and is supposed to execute the functions 
 of a heart, see COZUR : in Pathology, to a 
 morbid affection, Phthisic dorsale, F., 
 Tabes dorsalis, L. ; for an account of which 
 see SPERMATORHEE. 
 
 DoRso-CosTAi., adj dorso-costalis, L. : 
 an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to the 
 
 Serralus superior posticus muscle, see 
 
 DENTELE ; as attached to the dorsal ver- 
 tebrae and the ribs. 
 
 DoRso-ScApuxAiRE, adj., dorso-scapu- 
 laris, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the Rhomboidei muscles, m. rhom- 
 bo'ides, F., rautenmuskeln, G. ; as attach- 
 ed, on one side, to the spinous processes 
 of the dorsal vertebrae, and, on the other, 
 to the base of the scapula. 
 
 DoRso-Sus-AcROMiEN, adj., dorso-su- 
 pra-acromianus, L. : an epithet applied, 
 by Chaussier, to the Trapezius muscle, 
 see TRAPEZE munschkappenmuskel, G.; 
 as extending from the spinous processes 
 of the dorsal vertebrae, to the superior part 
 of the spine of the scapula. 
 
 DORSO-TRACHELIEN, adj., dorso-tra- 
 
 chelianus, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Splenius Colli muscle, 
 SPLENIUS du col,~F. bauschahnlicher hals- 
 muskel, G. ; as passing from the spinous 
 processes of several of the dorsal , to the 
 transverse processes of the first two cer- 
 vical vertebrae. 
 
 DORSTENE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Dorstenia ( Tetrandria, monogyn. ; Urticeai ), 
 L., die Contrayerva, G. ; for an account 
 of the principal species of which, see CON- 
 THAYERVA. The roots of another, D. 
 Chinensis, are much employed by the 
 Chinese Physicians, as aromatic, alexiterial 
 and cephalic. 
 
 Dos, s. m., dorsum, tergum, n. L., 
 VUTM, VWTO; . riicken, n. G., back : in An-
 
 DOU 
 
 atomy, the whole posterior part of the 
 trunk, from the cervix to the lumbar re- 
 gion. The superior part of the human 
 nose, penis, and foot, and the posterior re- 
 gion of the hand., see DORSAL, are also 
 designated by this term. 
 
 DOSE, s. f., Vatris, dosis, f. L., die 
 d"se, dosis, gabe, G. : the quantity, deter- 
 mined by weight or measure, of &ny phar- 
 maceutical substance which is to be admi- 
 nistered at one time. 
 
 DOTHIEJT, s. m. : a term borrowed from 
 the Greek, So&Jjv, a boil. See FURONCLE. 
 
 DOUBLE, adj., duplex, L,., doppelt, 
 G. : an epithet much employed in the 
 Sciences. Thus, in Astronomy, there are 
 double stars, E'toiles doubles, F. ; in Phy- 
 sics, double refraction ; in Chemistry, dou- 
 ble salts ; in Anatomy and Botanv, double 
 organs, for all the bones, muscles, and 
 vessels, which exist in pairs, are named 
 double, to distinguish them from the azy- 
 gous or pairless organs : and the common 
 ling, Calluna vulgaris, is distinguished from 
 all the species of the Erica genus by its 
 double calyx. The pistil of Coni-olvulus 
 sepium has a double stigma ; and the peri- 
 anth of a plant is called doubk, perian- 
 thum duplex, L,., when consisting of a 
 calyx and corolla. 
 
 In Pathology, the term, double vision, 
 see DIPLOPIE, is commonly employed : 
 and several varieties of intermittent fever, 
 
 as Fievre double, double quarte, quo- 
 
 tidienne, tierce, F., febris duplex, 
 
 duplex quartana, quotidiana, et 
 
 tertiana, JL.., are, from corresponding pe- 
 culiarities in the periods of their recur- 
 rence, distinguished by this epithet. 
 
 DpucE-A^ERE, s. f. : a species, in Bo- 
 tany, belonging to the genus, Solanum, 
 see MOREL LE. This plant, S. dulcama- 
 ra, das bittersiiss, G., bitter-sweet or 
 woody Nightshade, common in the hedg- 
 es of Europe, is excitant ; and, in large 
 doses, reputed poisonous. The flowering 
 tops, medicinally employed, produce nau- 
 sea, vomiting, and slight purgation. 
 
 DOUCHE, s. f., giessbad, n. G. : in The- 
 rapeutics, the name given to the shock of 
 a column of fluid, of a nature, tempera- 
 ture, and volume, determined by the cir- 
 cumstances of the case, see BAIN. The 
 douche may be ascending, descending, or 
 horizontal; and, thus, be directed into the 
 interior, or upon any part of the surface, 
 of the body. It may be cold, tepid, or 
 warm ; and consist of simple, mineral, or 
 medicated water. In general, its effects 
 are tonic and sedative. 
 
 DOULEUR, s. f., dolor, m. L., Zxyes, 
 SSuyti, schmerz, m. G., pain. In Patho- 
 logy, the meaning of this term is restrict- 
 ed to physical sensation : in common lan- 
 guage, extended to moral impressions. 
 
 214 
 
 DRA 
 
 The causes and character of physical pain 
 are as various as its seat. It may be re- 
 garded as constituting rather a symptom 
 of disease, than disease itself. In Obste- 
 trics, the pains which precede delivery, 
 are, by the French, termed mouches ; those 
 which accompany the process, simply dou- 
 leurs ; and those immediately consequent 
 upon it, tranchees, ou coligues. DOULOU- 
 REUX, adj., dolorosus, schmerzhaft : an 
 epithet applied, in Pathology, to a painful 
 affection of the nerves, tic douloureux, F. 
 commonly seated in those of the face 
 See NEVHALGIE. 
 
 DOUVE, s. f. : in Zoology, the vulgar 
 designation of an Entozoary Animal, Fas- 
 ciola hepatica, die egelschnecke, G., the 
 
 fluke, see FASCICLE : in Botany, of 
 
 two poisonous species of Ranunculus, which 
 grow in marshes R. flammula, and lingua, 
 kleiner sumpfhahnenfuss, speerkraut, und 
 grosser sumpfhahnenfuss, G. See RE- 
 
 NONCULE. 
 
 Doux, adj. : an epithet employed, by 
 medical writers, in various significations ; 
 as, 1., mild: Ex. Mercure doux. F., hy- 
 drargyrum muriaticum mite, L.,, milder 
 
 sublimat, G., a designation formerly 
 
 used to distinguish Calomel, from the 
 nearly allied compound, corrosive subli- 
 mate ; purgation douce, a mild course of 
 purgatives : 2. sweet, in opposition to bit- 
 ter : Ex. Amande douce, amygdala dulcis, 
 siisser mandel, sweet almond : 3. fresh, 
 or soft, in opposition to salt in quality, or 
 harsh in sound : Exs. Eau douce, -fresh 
 water ; voix douce, a soft or sweet, and 
 pleasant voice. 
 
 DRACHME, DRAGME, s. f., drachma, f. 
 !_,., Sgo^jj : a piece of money, among the 
 Greeks ; a weignt of 72 grains, the eighth 
 part of the Roman , and now adopted as 
 the eighth part of the French ounce, die 
 drachme, G. 
 
 DRAGEE, s. , pastillus saccharatus, I,. 
 zuckerbohne, f., zuckermandel, m* G., 
 sugar-plum : a culinary preparation, 
 consisting of an almond, or other small 
 fruit, encrusted with sugar. Dragees de 
 Keyser, F. : a pharmaceutical preparation, 
 composed of acetate of quicksilver, manna, 
 starch, and mucilage ; and formerly cele- 
 brated in the treatment of Syphilis. 
 
 DRAGONIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Dracaena (Hexandria, monogyn. ; Aspari- 
 gineas), L., der Drackenbaum, G., Dra- 
 gon-Tree, comprehending a few species : 
 one of which, D. draco, a native of the 
 Canaries, furnishes the resin, named Dra- 
 gorfs-blood, see SANG de dragon. The 
 fruit of D. reflexa, bois de chandelle, F., 
 
 f 'owing in Madagascar, and the isle of 
 ranee, is accounted emmenagogue : and 
 the roots of D. terminalis, are employed, 
 in China, against diarrhoea and dysentery.
 
 DRO 
 
 DRACONXE, s. f. : in Herpetology, a ge- 
 nus of Saurian Reptiles, Draca.no, It 
 contains only one species, D. Guianensis, 
 dr. de la Guiane, F., a large aquatic 
 reptile ; the flesh and eggs of which are 
 commonly eaten at Cayenne. See Faune 
 des Midecins, v. iv., p. 473 ; and Daudin, 
 Hist. Naturelle des Reptiles, v. ii., p. 423. 
 
 DRAGOXNEAU, s. m. See FILAIRE. 
 
 DRAPEAU, s. m. : a term, in Pathology, 
 synon. with PTERYGION : in Surgery, a 
 bandage^ vexillum, n. L., for the reten- 
 tion of dressings upon the nose. 
 
 DRASTIQUE, adj., fyairrixos, active, 
 
 energetic, powerful : an epithet applied, 
 in Materia Medica, to remedies, l^nxa. 
 q>a,[t,a.Ku., medicamina drastica, L., hef- 
 tige purgirmittel, drastiche mittel, G., 
 which, as Colocynth, Elaterium, Gam- 
 boge, and Resin of Jalap, operate violently 
 on the bowel?. 
 
 DRECHE, s. f., brasium, n. L., malz, 
 n. G., malt: a preparation of barley, em- 
 ployed in the composition of malt-liquor, 
 malztrank, G. 
 
 DROGUE, s. f., medicamentum, phar- 
 macum, n. L. apothekerwaare, f. G., 
 drug: in Pharmacy, a term applied to 
 simple ; in popular language, to all in- 
 ternal remedies. DROGUIER, s. m., se- 
 plasia, f. L., arzeneykastchen, n. G., a 
 druggery or apothecary's shop. DROGU- 
 ISTE, s. m., pharmacopeia, seplasiarius, 
 m. L., droguist, m. G., a druggist, or 
 vender of drugs. 
 
 DROIT, adj., tutus, rectus, L., per- 
 ade, G., straight: an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to every organ which proceeds, 
 in a right line, from one point to another. 
 The following are the muscles, musculi 
 ratf/, L.., so named in the human body : 
 
 1. Straight muscles of the Eye, M. droits 
 de Fail, F. four in number : A. Droil supe- 
 rieur ou elevateur (sus-optico-spheno-scle'- 
 roticien, Ch.), F., rectus superior , le- 
 vator oculi, L., oberer gerader augen- 
 muskel, G. extending from the upper part 
 of the foramen opficum of the sphenoid 
 bone, and the fibrous sheath of the optic 
 nerve, to the anterior superior part of the 
 sclerotiea: B.">r. inferieur, ou abaisseur 
 
 (sous-optico-spheno-scldroticien, Ch.) 
 
 rectus inferior , depressor oculi, unter- 
 er gerader augenmuskel, from the inferi- 
 or margin of loramen opticum, or, rather, 
 from a tendon common to it with the two 
 following, to the anterior inferior part of 
 the sclerotiea : c. Dr. interne, ou adducteur 
 (orbito-intus-scle'roticien, Ch. rectus in- 
 ternus , adductor oculi, wnerer gerader 
 augenmuskel, from the inner part of the 
 foramen opticum, or the tendon above- 
 mentioned, to the anterior internal part of 
 the sclerotiea : and D. Dr. externe, ou 6- 
 ductcur (orbito-extus-scle'roticien, Ch.), 
 
 215 
 
 DRO 
 
 rectus externus , abductor oculi, aus- 
 
 serer gerader augenmuskel, from the 
 
 outer part of the foramen opticum, to the 
 external side of the sclerotiea. 
 
 2. Straight muscles of the head, droits dc 
 la ttte, five pairs ; anteriorly, posteriorly, 
 or laterally situated. A. Droit antirieur 
 (grand) de la ttte (grand trache"lo sous- 
 occipital, Ch.), F Rectus capitis anticus 
 internus major, L. vorderer grosser gcr- 
 ader kopfmuskel, G., extending from the 
 transverse processes of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 
 and 6th cervical vertebrae, to the basilar 
 process of the occipital bone, a little ante- 
 riorly to the condyle: B. Dr. anterieur 
 (petit) de la ttte (petit trachelo-sous-occi- 
 pital, Ch.), rectus capitis anterior inter- 
 nus minor vorderer Kleiner gerader kopf- 
 muskel, obliquely, from the fore-part of 
 the body and transverse process of the at- 
 las, to the basilar of the occipital bone, 
 near the root of the condyle : c. Dr. pos- 
 ttrieur (grand) de la lite (axo'ido-occipital, 
 Ch.), rectus capitis postkus major, hin- 
 terei grosser gerader kopfmuskel, ob- 
 liquely, from the spinous process of the 
 axis, or vertebra dentata, to the inferior 
 transverse occipital ridge : D. Dr. posleri- 
 eur (petite ) (atloido-occipital, Ch.), rec- 
 tus capitis posticus minor, hinterer klein- 
 er gerader kopfmuskel. from an emi- 
 nence in the centre of the back part of the 
 atlas, to the inferior transverse occipital 
 ridge, and the surface between it and the 
 foramen magnum : E. Dr. lateral (atloi- 
 do-sous -occipital, Ch.), rectus capitis la- 
 teralis, seitlicher kopfmuskel, from the 
 anterior superior part of the transverse 
 process of the atlas, to a ridge intervening 
 between the condyloid process of the occi- 
 pital and mastoici of the temporal bone. 
 
 3. of the Abdomen. One pair, Droit 
 de Fabdomen (sterno-pubien, Ch.), F., 
 rectus abdominis, L., gerader bauchmus- 
 kel, G., occupying the front of the abdo- 
 men, and extending from the anterior part 
 of the os pubis, to the ensiform cartilage, 
 and the cartilages of the three inferior 
 true ribs. 
 
 4. of the Thigh, de la Cuisse. 
 
 Two pairs : A, Droit f/rcle anterieur 
 
 (ilio-rotulien, Ch.), F., rectus femoris an- 
 ticus, L., gerader schenkelmuskel, G., 
 
 extending from the anterior inferior spi- 
 nous process of the ilium, to the patella : 
 B, Dr. grile interne (sous-pubio-pretibi- 
 al, Ch.), gracilis, schlanker schlenkel- 
 muskel, from the anterior part of the 
 body, and the branch of the pubis, to the 
 inner part of the head of the tibia. 
 
 In Botany and Zoology, the epithet, 
 droit, is employed as synon. with erect, up- 
 right, oefos, erectus, I*, aufrecht, G. ; 
 and, in this sense, corresponds with Dresse. 
 Thus, the teeth of animals are said to be
 
 DUO 
 
 droites, denies erecti, L., when inserted 
 perpendicularly, as in Man, to the axis of 
 the jaw. In common language, used in 
 opposition to left, as main droite, F., S|/a 
 (x,t'(), manus dextra, L die rechte hand, 
 G., the right hand. 
 
 DROPACISME, s. m., fyta-raxia-ft.os, dro- 
 pacismus, m. L. : removal of the hair, 
 das ausziehen der haare, G., by means of 
 a plaster, DROPAX, s. m., SjaJsral, em- 
 plastrum pieis, L.., pechpflaster, n, G., 
 composed of pitch and oil ; or a pitch-cap, 
 peehhaube, f. G. 
 
 DRUPE, s. f. drupa, f. L. steinfrucht, 
 m. G. : in Botany, one of the forms of 
 Pericarpium, or Seed-vessel, as exhibited in 
 the Cherry and Plum. De Candolle de- 
 fines the drupe an " indehiscent carpelle," 
 of which the mesocarpe is fleshy, and endo- 
 carpe stony, osseux, F. DRUPACE, adj., 
 drupaceus, steinfruchtartig, drupa- 
 ceous, possessing the nature of, or resem- 
 bling in figure, a drupe. DRUPACKES, pi., 
 Drupacece, L.. : a Tribe of the Family 
 of the Rosacece ; comprehending those 
 plants whose fruit is a drupe. Synon. with 
 DRUPIFERE, adj., drupiferus, L. ; and, 
 in the plural, substantively used, with 
 DRUPIFKRES, F., Drupifera, Tu^drnpi- 
 ferous plants. 
 
 DURPEOLE, s. f., drupeola, f. L. : a 
 drupe not larger than a pea ; as exempli- 
 fied in the fruit of some wild cherries 
 DURPEOLE, drupeolatus : exhibiting the 
 aspect of a drupeole. 
 
 DUCTILITE, s. f., ductilitas, f. L., 
 streckbarkheit, dehnbarkheit, geschmeidig- 
 keit, f. G., ductility : the property which 
 certain bodies possess, of becoming elongat- 
 ed by pressure, percussion, tention, or 
 traction, and retaining the figure so ac- 
 quired, when the force has ceased to ope- 
 rate. DUCTILE, adj., ductilis, dehnhar, 
 geschmeidig, possessing ductility. 
 
 DULCIFICATION, s. i, dulcificatio, f. 
 L., absiissung, G., the act of dulcify- 
 ing or rendering mild. Thus, the mineral 
 acids are tempered dulcifies, F., by ad- 
 mixture with alcohol. 
 
 DDODEXUM, s. m. (duodeni, twelve), F., 
 . n. L. : in Anatomy, the first division of 
 the small intestine, immediately following 
 the stomach, and communicating with it 
 by the pylorus : below, continuous with 
 the jejunum. In its course, it may be 
 distinguished into three portions which re- 
 present a sort of semicircle, and surround 
 the larger extremity of the pancreas 
 Externally, invested only on its anterior 
 portion by peritoneum, and hence suscep- 
 tible of great dilatation, it is sometimes 
 named the supplementary stomach, ven- 
 tricule succenturie, F., ventriculus suc- 
 centuriatus, F. Internally, it exhibits a 
 mucous surface furnished with numerous 
 218 
 
 DUR 
 
 taliultt conniventes ; and, on a minute tu- 
 bercle at the point of junction of the se- 
 cond and third curvatures, the separate 
 or united orifices of the cysto-hepatic and 
 pancreatic ducts. The duodenal arteries, 
 arteres duodenales, F., arterise duode- 
 nales, F zwol/fingerdarmschlagaAern, G., 
 are derived from the superior mesente- 
 ric, pyloric, pancreatic, and gastro-epiploic 
 branches : the veins exhibit a distribution 
 precisely corresponding. The lymphatics 
 convey their fluid to the glands situated 
 above the pancreas. The nerves proceed 
 from the solar plexus. DUODENITE, s. f. 
 duodenitis, f. L entziindung des zwolf- 
 fingerdarms, G. inflammation of the du- 
 odenum. See DODECADACYTOLOX. 
 
 DUPLICATURE,S. f, duplicatura, f. L., 
 verdoppelung, f. G. : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the reflections of a mem- 
 brane upon itself. Thus, the triangular 
 ligament of the liver, and broad ligaments 
 of the womb, are formed by duplicalures, 
 replis, F., of peritoneum. 
 
 DURE, adj., durus, L <r*x>?r, hart, 
 G., hard : an epithet employee!, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate all the parts, parties 
 dures, F., which compose the osseous 
 frame-work, or skeleton, of the bodies of 
 the Vertebrated Animals : in Pathology, 
 
 that state of pulse, pulsus durvs, L., 
 
 in which the artery strikes the finger 
 with unwonted strength : in common lan- 
 guage, a substance which resists the ac- 
 tion of external force : figuratively, any- 
 thing which wounds an organ of sense by 
 its harshness ; as a harsh sound, son dur^ 
 F., the ear; or as hard waters, eaux 
 
 dures, TO. <r*x.j ruy tiSxTar, waters 
 
 strongly impregnated with calcareous 
 salts, the tongue. See Doux. 
 
 DURE-MERE, s. f. (la Me'ninge, Ch.), 
 dura mater, meninx, crassa meninx, f. 
 
 L., iaSJwyl, die dicke hirnhaut, oder 
 
 hirnfell, G. : in Anatomy, the most exte- 
 rior of the three membranes which envelope 
 the encephalon. The term, dure, dura, JL. 
 has been conferred on account of the 
 firmness of texture which the membrane 
 displays ; mere, mater, from an ancient 
 opinion that, by its processes, it gave birth 
 to all the membranes of the body. The 
 cranial cavity and vertebral canal are lined 
 by it. From divers sources, it is liberally 
 supplied with arteries, see MENINGE : 
 the veins terminate, principally, in the 
 venous sinuses of the basis cranii. Its 
 nerves are few, and accompany the arte- 
 ries. The presence of lymphatic vessels 
 has not yet been detected. 
 
 -DURETE, S. f., durities, f. L,, ffx^e- 
 
 Tf, harte, f. G., hardness. D. foreille, 
 E. See DYSECEE, and SURDITE. 
 
 DURILION, s. m., callus, m. L., 
 schwiele, f. G., hard thick skin: in Pa-
 
 DYS 
 
 thology, the solid tumour formed by thick- 
 ening of the epidermis or the skin itself, 
 on any part of the body exposed, like the 
 hands and feet of labouring men, to rude 
 and continued friction. 
 
 DUVET, s. m., Xo^vjj, lanugo, f. L,., 
 flaumhaare, f. G., down : in Zoology, 
 the softer feathers, plumes duvetees, F. 
 avium plumse molliores, L., by which 
 the bodies of most Birds, especially the ei- 
 der-duck, and the owls, are invested : in 
 Botany, the soft hairs developed upon dif- 
 ferent parts of plants : in common lan- 
 guage, the delicate and flexible hairs, 
 poll follet, F., i'ovXos, milchhaare, G., 
 which appear upon the chin of young per- 
 sons. DUVETE, adj., lanuginosus, rlau- 
 mig, downy, exhibiting the characters 
 of- , covered with, down. 
 
 DYACANTHOS (more correctly, DIACAN- 
 THOS) polycephalus. Under this title, a 
 new species of Intestinal Worm has been 
 noticed by Dr. Stiebel. A figure and de- 
 scription of it are given in the Journal 
 Complementaire du Dictionaire des Sciences 
 Medicales, v. i, p. 177- Yet many doubts 
 are entertained, by Naturalists, respecting 
 the existence of any such worm. Brem- 
 ser, Traitc sur les Vers Intestinaux, p. 331, 
 thinks that Stiebel has been deceived : 
 and the celebrated Rudolphi positively as- 
 serts that he has discovered the presence 
 of spiral vessels, by an incision into the 
 supposed animal; and that it is, conse- 
 quently, of vegetable origin. A good copy 
 of Stiebel's figure is given in plate ix. of 
 Bremser's work. 
 
 DYNAMIE, s. f., dynamia, f. (Sui/a^?, 
 
 strength, power, krafte, f. ft. ), L. : a 
 term employed, by some French writers, 
 as a synonym of STHENIE. DY~N AMIQUE, 
 adj., $wa.ftixos, dynamisch, G., dyna- 
 mic, powerful : an epithet, in Pathology, 
 synon. with Sthcnique : EOT. Morbus dy- 
 
 namicus, sthenicus, Li a sthenic disease. 
 
 DYNAMIUUE, s. f., dynamica, f. (Svva- 
 fin, power), L,., die dynamik, die lehre 
 von der kraft, G., dynamics : that part 
 of Mechanics which investigates the pow- 
 ers whereby bodies are put in motion, and 
 the laws resulting from them. 
 
 DYNAMOMETRE, s. m., dynamome- 
 
 trum, n. (same, and /j.irpi>v, measure), L. 
 kraftmesser, m. G., dynamometer : an 
 instrument destined for the admeasurement 
 of the muscular powers of man or other a- 
 nimal; and for instituting a comparison 
 between those of different animate, or of 
 the same animal at different periods, and 
 in different conditions of the system. See 
 Dictionaire des Sciences Mid., v. x, p. 310. 
 
 DYS^ESTHESIE, s. f., dyssesthesia, f. 
 
 (St/f, an inseparable particle, generally pos- 
 sessing the power or , priv., and common- 
 ly indicating difficulty, a'lirfffii, sensation), 
 
 217 
 
 DYS 
 
 L., unempfmdliehkeit, f., stumpfheit der 
 sinne, G., insensibility, diminution, or a- 
 bolition, of the senses. DYS^STHESIES, pi., 
 Dyscesthesia>, I,. : a term, in Nosology, 
 employed, by Sauvages, to designate an 
 Order of diseases, which constitutes the 
 1st in the Class of Debilitates, and com- 
 prehends the affections characterized by 
 impairment, or extinction, of one, or all, of 
 the senses. 
 
 DYSARTHRITE, s. f., dysarthritis, f. 
 (Si<;, a^r<r/j, gout), arthritis anomala, L. 
 irregular gout. 
 
 DYSARTHROSE, s. f., dysarthrosis, f. 
 (same, and a,o6^u(n;, articulation), ein 
 krankhaft gebildetes gelenk, G., faulty 
 construction of a joint. 
 
 DYSCATABROSE, s. f., dyscatabrosis, 
 
 f. (same, and xardS^afis, the act of eating), 
 L.. Synon. with DYSPHAGIE. 
 
 DYSCATAPOSE, s. f., dyscataposis, f. 
 (same, and xctrav&ifft;, the act of swallow- 
 ing meat or drink), L. : a term generally 
 regarded as synon. with the preceding; 
 but represented, by Kraus, as signifying 
 difficulty of swallowing fluids, das ersch- 
 werte trinken, G. 
 
 DYSCHOLIE, s. f , dyscholia, f. (same, 
 and >.?, bile), L. eine krankhafte besch- 
 affenheit der yalle, G., a morbid condition 
 depravation of the bile. 
 
 DYSCHROJ'E, s. f., dyschroea, f. (same, 
 and , colour), L., die iible, krankhafte 
 hautjarbe, G., morbid alteration of the 
 colour of the skin. 
 
 DYSCHYLIE, s. f., dyschylia, f. (same, 
 and ^;yA.of, chyle), L., die krankhafte be- 
 schaffenheit des chylus, G., morbid condi- 
 tion of the chyle. 
 
 DYSCHYMIE, s. f., dischymia, f. (same, 
 and %vftos, juice), L., die able beschaffen- 
 heit des chymus, G., morbid condition of 
 the chyme. 
 
 matism or paralysis. DYSCINESIES, pi., 
 
 Dyscinesia, L. : in Nosology, the generic 
 designation applied, by Sauvages, to the 
 diseases which constitute, in his System, 
 the 3rd Order of the Debilitates. 
 
 DYSCOILIE, s. f., dyscoelia, f. (Tu s , 
 
 xmX'iK, belly, or alvine evacuation), L., 
 
 habitual suffering in the bowels, and con- 
 stipation. DYSCOPRIE, s. f. ? dyscopria, 
 
 f. (same, and x'o-Tr^os, excrement), L,., die 
 
 iible beschaffenheit des darmkothes, G., 
 bad condition of the feces. 
 
 DYSCHASIE, s. f., dyscrasia, f. (same, 
 and xgcicris, state of the blood or humours), 
 
 L., die schlechte mischung der s'dfte, G., , 
 
 bad admixture depraved condition of the 
 
 animal fluids. 
 
 DYSDACRIE, s. f., dysdacria, f. (same, 
 and ^aix^vav, a tear), L., die krankhafte be-
 
 DY3 
 
 scliaffenheit der thrdnen, G., morbid con- 
 dition of the tears. 
 
 DYSECCRISE, s. f., dyseccrisis, f. (dug, 
 lxx,iffi;, excretion), L., difficult or defect- 
 ive excretion. 
 
 DYSECIE, DYSECOIE, s. f., $y<rjx/<z, 
 dysecoia, f. L., schwerhoren, n. G., dif- 
 ficulty of hearing, imperfect deafness. 
 
 >.uirnx,t,os, dysecous, L., schwerhorend. 
 
 G., hard of hearing. 
 
 DYSENTERIE, s. f., Wtvrtg/a, (Su?, 
 l'Tiv, intestine), dysenteria, f. L., die 
 ruhr, G., dysentery or bloody flux : in 
 Pathology, diarrhoea accompanied by ex- 
 cretion of blood, and consequent upon in- 
 flammation of the large intestine. It has 
 been termed Colite, by Broussais; because 
 the colon commonly forms, in this affec- 
 tion, the largest portion of the inflamed 
 bowel. Yet the rectum frequently suffers 
 more than any other part of the intestinal 
 canal ; and sometimes constitutes, exclu- 
 sively, the seat of the disease. See Pinel, 
 Nosogr. Philosoph., v. ii., p. 321. DYSEN- 
 TERIQUE, adj., 'Svfivrigix.os, dysentericus, 
 an dysenteric leidend, dazu gehorig, 
 suffering from , relative to dysentery. 
 
 DYSGALIE, s. f., dysgalia, dysgalactia, 
 (Siif yx, milk), L., die fehlerhafte 
 beschaffenheit der milch, G., unhealthy 
 condition depravation of the milk. 
 
 DYSGENNESIE, s. f.. dysgennesia, f. 
 
 (same, and yiwjxnf, generation), L., eine 
 krankhafte beschaffenheit des zeugungsver- 
 mogen, oder der zeugungstheile, G., lesion 
 of the generative functions or organs. 
 
 DYSGEUSIE, s. f., dysgeusia, f. (same, 
 and <yiu/ris, taste), L., depravation of the 
 sense of taste. DYSGEU SIES, pi., Dysgeus- 
 iae, L., die Krankheiten des geschmacks, G. 
 Diseases characterized by a morbid con- 
 dition, or impairment, of the sense of taste. 
 
 DYSHAPHIE, s. f., dyshaphia more 
 
 correctly, dysaphia f. (same, and p, 
 touch), L., lesion of the sense of touch. 
 
 DYSHEMIE, s. f., dyshosmia vel dysce- 
 mia, f, (same, and aipa, blood), L.., eine 
 krankhafte beschaffenheit des blutes, G., 
 depraved condition of the blood. DYSHE- 
 MORiinkE, s. , (sameat?:*, and piu, I 
 flow), L., difficulty of the flow of blood ; 
 according to some lexicographers, difficulty 
 in the hemmorrhoidalflux. 
 
 DYSHYDRIE, s. f., dyshydria vel dysi- 
 dria, (same, and <%>*, sweat), L., ein 
 krankhafter schweiss, G., a morbid state of 
 the perspiration. 
 
 DYSLALIE, s. f, dyslalia, f. (same, and 
 xx/a, speech), L. das erschwerte sprechen, 
 G., difficult articulation of words. 
 
 DYSLOCHIE, s. f., dyslochia, f. (St/y, 
 x^ra, pL, the discharge from the female, 
 after childbirth), L.,_ -die fehlerhafte kind- 
 bettreinigung, G., difficulty, or suppres- 
 sion, of the lochial discharge. 
 218 
 
 DYS 
 
 DYSMENIE, s. f., dysmenia, f. ($ut,~- 
 prim, the menstrual evacuation), I,., 
 dysmenie, die erschwerte menstruation, 
 
 G., difficult or retarded menstruation 
 
 Synon. with DYSMENORRHEE, s. f., dys- 
 menorrhcea, f. L.. ; compounded as the pre- 
 ceding, with the addition of the Greek 
 verb piu, to flow. 
 
 DYSMNESIE, s. , dysmnesia, f. (same, 
 and puriinf, recollection), L., gedachtniss- 
 schwache, G., defective or impaired me- 
 mory. 
 
 DYSODIE, s. f., 'bufubta,, dysodia, f. L/., 
 der uble geruch, gestank, G., a fetid 
 smell, or stench. Sauvages has assigned 
 the generic name, Dysodia, to all diseases 
 characterized by fetid emanations, from 
 whatever region of the body they may 
 proceed ; and arranged these affections 
 among the gaseous fluxes. 
 
 DYSODONTIASE, s. , dysodontiasis, 
 
 (same and o$otria<ris, dentition), dentitio 
 difficilis, f. Ij., das schwere zahnen, G., 
 difficult dentition. 
 
 DYSOPSIE, s. f., dysopsia, f. (same, and 
 o-^is, sight), L., gesichtsfehler, m. G., 
 defect or obscurity of vision. Mot synon., 
 as some French lexicographers assert, with 
 DYSOPIE, which, constructed from the 
 Greeklvtru-x'ia., literally signifies shame,basJt- 
 fulness. DYSOPSIES, pi., Dysopsia, L., 
 die Krankheiten und fehler des seAvermo- 
 gens, G., diseases and defects of the facul- 
 ty of vision. 
 
 'DYSOREXIE, s.f. dysorexia, f. (same, and 
 fyt&s, appetite), L., die verminderte ess- 
 lust, G,, diminution, or loss, of appetite : a 
 designation applied to the 3rd genus of 
 the Gastroses, or first Family, in the JVb- 
 sologie Naturelk, of Alibert. 
 
 DYSOSMIE, s. f., $v<roffp'ta, dy sosmia, f. 
 L. Synon. with DYSODIE ; not, as stated 
 by the French lexicographers, with 
 
 DYiospHRfcsiE, s. f., dysosphresia, 
 
 vel dysosphresis, f. (Us, oirif^ffis^ the 
 
 sense of smell), 1-,., ein krankhafter zu- 
 stand, oder schwache, des riechrermogens, 
 G., a morbid or impaired condition of the 
 
 sense of smell. DYSOSPHRESIES, pL, 
 
 Dysosphresiae, Morbi olfactus, L., die 
 
 Krankheiten des riechvermogens, G. 
 
 DYSOSTOSE, s. , dysostosis, f. (same, 
 and erriav, bone), L. die erschwerte knoch- 
 enbildung, eine knochenkrankheit, G., 
 faulty conformation , a disease of bone. 
 
 D YS PE PSIE, s. , $u<rvi^ia, dyspep- 
 sia, L., schwerverdaulichkeit, verdau- 
 ungsschwache, f. G., indigestion, difficul- 
 ty or weakness of digestion : an affection 
 arranged, by modern Nosologists, among 
 the Neuroses of Digestion ; but invariably 
 dependent, according to some French wri- 
 ters, on acute or chronic gastritis. DYS- 
 PEPTIQUE, adj., ^v/TirtxTos, dyspepticus, 
 an dyspepsie leidend, davon herriinrend,
 
 DYS 
 
 affected, as a dyspeptic patient, with , 
 resulting, as dyspeptic symptoms, from 
 dyspepsy. 
 
 DYSPERMASIE, more correctly, DYS- 
 SPERMASIE, s. fl, dysspermasia, f. (Sag, 
 o-viefia, semen), I..., die erschwcrte ab- 
 und aussonderung des samens, G., diffi- 
 culty in the secretion and emission of the 
 semen. Synon. with DYSPERMATISME, s. 
 m., dysspermatismus, m. L. DYSPER- 
 wre, ou DYSSPERMIE, s. f., dysspermia, 
 f. (same derivation^, L,., die krankhafte 
 
 beschaffenheit des samens, G., morbid 
 
 condition of the semen. 
 
 DYSPHAGIE, s. f., dysphagia, f. (Si/?, 
 fiiyu, to eat),L,. dysphagie, f., schwersch- 
 lingen, n. G., difficulty, or impracticabili- 
 ty, of deglutition. 
 
 DYSPHONIE, s. f., $u<r<pa-v/a, dyspho- 
 nia, f. L., literally harshness of voice, 
 harte rauhe sprache, G. ; but employed, 
 by modern Pathologists, to designate al- 
 teration of voice, a difficulty in the produc- 
 tion and articulation of sounds, das ersch- 
 werte sprachen. 
 
 DYSPIONIE, s. f., dyspionia, f. (Si/?, 
 w/'of, fat), L., die krankhafte beschaffen- 
 heit des fettes, G., depravation, or morbid 
 condition, of the adipose substance. 
 
 DYSPNEE, s. f., SiWvo/a, dyspnoea, f. 
 L., schwerathmen, n. G., difficulty, or 
 shortness, of breathing. DYSPNEIQUE, adj. 
 Svffwotxos, dyspnoicus, an dyspnoe lei- 
 dend, dazu gehorig, davon herriihrend, 
 affected with , pertaining to , resulting 
 from dyspnoea. 
 
 DYSSIAME, s. f., dyssialia, f. (Su;, <r'i- 
 xv, saliva), L., -die erschwerte ab- und 
 
 DYS 
 
 aussonderung , fehlerhafte beschaffenheit 
 des speichela, G., obstructed secretion and 
 excretion , morbid condition of the saliva. 
 
 DYSSYNUSJE, s. f. dyssynusia, f. (same, 
 and truvavfia, coitus venereus), L.., coitus 
 difficilis, der erschwerte beischlaf, G. 
 
 DYSTHEJ.ASIE, s. f., dysthelasia, f. 
 
 (same, and $n\a&, to give suck), L., -das 
 erschwerte saugen, G., inaptitude of the 
 female to give suck. 
 
 DYSTHYMIE, s. f., $vefufii, disthy- 
 mia, f. L., mismuth, m., schwermuth, f. 
 G., depression of spirits, despondency.. 
 &v<r6up.ix,os, dysthymicus, desponding. 
 
 DYSTOCIE, s. fl, $u<rTo%'ix, dystocia, f. 
 L,., dystokie, schwere geburt, fl G., dif- 
 Jicult parturition. Av<rrox,os, dystocicus, 
 zu einer schweren geburt gehorig, relat- 
 ing to (suffering from) dystocia. DYSTO- 
 COLOGIE, s. f., dystocologia, f. (same, and 
 Aysf, a discourse), L*, die lehre vom 
 schwergebaren, F., doctrine of , treatise 
 upon, difficult parturition. 
 
 DYSTOECHIASE, DYSSTOECHIASE, s. f., 
 dysstoechiasis, f. (same, and trrol^of, a 
 row), Li., ein able beschaffenheit der au- 
 genwimpern, G., a vicious disposition of 
 the eye-lashes. 
 
 DYSTOXIE, s. , dystonia, f. (same, and 
 roves, tone), L,., morbid alteration of the 
 tone, die verstimmung des tonus, G., of 
 any structure or organ. 
 
 DYSURESIE, DYSURIE, s. f., tva-ovgia,. 
 dysuresia, dysuria, f. L., harnzwang, m., 
 erschtcerter abgang des harns, G. dysury, 
 difficulty of voiding urine : according to 
 some authors, a morbid condition of that 
 fluid, krankhafte beschaffenheit des hams. 
 
 E. 
 
 EAU 
 
 EAU 
 
 EAU, s. f., Itiag, aqua, f. L., wasser, 
 n. G., water : in Natural History, a 
 well-known fluid, composed of an admix- 
 ture of oxygen and hydrogen ; convertible 
 into a solid body by the action of cold ; by 
 exposure to a certain elevation of tempe- 
 rature, into an elastic vapour. It is pri- 
 marilv distinguishable into two varieties, 
 fresh, and salt or sea-water, eau douce, 
 et de mer, F., das siisse und das salz- 
 oder see- wasser, G. Ihe former is hard or 
 sqft^ see DUE, and termed rain-, bog- or 
 pit-, river- or spring-water, eau dc pluie, 
 des marais ou des puits, des rivieres, ou 
 des sources, F., das regen-, sumpf-, fluss-, 
 oder quell wasser, G., according to the 
 source from which it proceeds. Mineral 
 waters, Eaux minerales, F., aquae mine- 
 rales, L., mineralische wasser, G. hold- 
 ing, in solution, divers gaseous and mine- 
 ral substances, exist, more or less abun- 
 dantly, in various regions of the globe. 
 219 
 
 They are warm or cold ; and distinguished 
 by the epithets, acidulous or gaseous, cha- 
 lybeate, saline, or sulphureous, eaux aci- 
 dules, gazcuses, ou carboniques,chalybees, 
 ferrugineuses, martiales, salines, ou hepa- 
 tiques ou suljureuses, F.,aqute acidulne, 
 ferruginosae, salinas, hepaticae vel sul- 
 furosae, L., according to the precise na- 
 ture of the substances with which the flu- 
 id is combined. Formulae for the prepa- 
 ration of Artificial Mineral Waters Aquae 
 Minerales arte factae, JL., in imitation of 
 the natural springs, are given in the 
 Pharmacopoea Gallica, p. 270. 
 
 In Pathology, the term, Eau des hydro- 
 piques, F., is familiarly applied to the 
 fluid which accumulates in the serous 
 membranes, cysts, or cellular structure of 
 dropsical subjects. In Physiology and Ob- 
 stetrics, the lymph which lubricates the 
 internal surface of the pericardium, and 
 the serum which fills up that portion of
 
 EBU 
 
 the cavity of the amnios not occupied by 
 the foetus, are, respectively, designated 
 Eau de pericarde, F., aqua pericardii, L.., 
 herzwassei; wasser des herzbeutels, G. ; 
 and Eaux de Camnios, aquae (liquor) am- 
 nii, in popular language, the waters, 
 les eaux, aquse, die wasser, G. In Di- 
 etetics, brandy (brantwein, m. G.) is nam- 
 ed, by the French, Eau-de-vie, aqua vitse, 
 L. ; barley -water, eau d'orge, ptisanari- 
 um, n. L., gerstentrank, geratenwasser, 
 G. : and an aqueous solution of sugar, 
 much employed as a diluting beverage, in 
 acute diseases, eau sucree. In Chemistry 
 and Pharmacy, the water, combined with 
 the integrant molecules of a salt, is term- 
 ed Eau de cristallisation. The designation, 
 water, is also applied to aqueous solutions 
 
 of the pure alcalis; as Eau de Chaux 
 
 Of the Simple Distilled Waters, Aquse 
 
 stillatitiae, L., see DISTILLS, that of 
 the rose, Eau de rose, F., Aqua rosae, 
 rosarum, L Rosenwasser, G. furnishes 
 a familiar illustration : of the Spirituous , 
 Eauxdistilliesspiritueuses, seeALCooLAT, 
 the celebrated Eau de Cologne, of the 
 French ; and the Spiritus Anisi, Anis- 
 geist of the German Dispensatories. 
 
 EBET, s. : in Pathology, morbid sensibi- 
 lity of the teeth ; rendering those organs 
 painfully susceptible to the influence of 
 causes which, in the natural state, make 
 no impression upon them. 
 
 EBRACTETE, adj., ebracteatus, L., 
 deckblattlos, G. : an epithet, in Botany, 
 applied to plants which, like Thesium e- 
 bracteatum, are destitute of bractea. 
 
 EBLOUISSEMENT, s. m., caligatio, f. 
 L., blendung, f., dunkelheit des gesichts, 
 G., dazzling, obscurity (or unsteadiness) 
 of sight : a momentary affection of the or- 
 gan of vision, resulting, ordinarily, from 
 the action of a too vivid light : but some- 
 times occurring as a symptom of HYPE- 
 RESTHESIE of the organ, or of the origin of 
 the optic nerve. 
 
 EBULLITION, s. , ebullitio, f. (ebul- 
 lire, to boil), L., ata&fis, aufkochen, 
 aufsieden, n., aufwallung, f. G. : the vio- 
 lent commotion of a fluid subjected to the 
 action of caloric : in popular language, a 
 term employed to designate every descrip- 
 tion of Exanthema. See EFFERVESCENCE. 
 
 EB URNE, adj. eburneus, L elfenbein- 
 artig, G. : an epithet applied, in Patho- 
 logy, to cartilages which exhibit the ap- 
 pearance of transformation into ivory, 
 EBURNIFICATION, s. , a phenomenon 
 attributed to an inordinate accumulation 
 of the phosphate of lime : in Natural His- 
 tory, to objects which display the colour 
 or characters of ivory, ebur, L,., as the 
 Lams eburneus, among Birds ; and Denta- 
 lium eburneum, among the Testaceous Mol- 
 lutca. 
 
 220 
 
 ECA 
 
 ECAILLE, s. f. xif"i;, Xicr/Sf, squama, 
 
 f., tegmentum, n. L,, schuppe, f. G., 
 
 scale or shell : a term applied, in Zoology, 
 to the hard and horny covering with which 
 the bodies, or divers parts or organs, of 
 various animals are invested : as, 1, to the 
 shell, E'caille de tortue, F., testudinum 
 squama, I,., see CARAPACE, and CHELO- 
 NEE, of the Chelonian Reptiles : 2. to the 
 scales of Fishes, ec. des poissons, pisciuni 
 squama, fischschuppen ; also, the small 
 horny or osseous plates which cover the 
 bodies of certain of the Mammifera, as the 
 Pangolin, or Scaly Ant-eater, Fourmilli- 
 er ecailleux, F., schuppenthier, G., and 
 the tails of others, as the Beaver and llat ; 
 the feet and toes of divers Birds, and the 
 entire bodies of the Saurian and Ophidian 
 Reptiles : 3. to the shells of Oysters, E'c. 
 d'huitres, ostrearum testae, and other Bi- 
 valves, among the Testaceous Molliisca : 
 and 4. to the minute and pellucid portions 
 of membrane formed by the epidermis of the 
 Mammi/era and Birds, in the process of 
 desquamatlon, ECAILLEMENT, s. m. See 
 DESQUAMATION. 
 
 In Botany, to the scale-like plates, by 
 which various parts, or organs, of plants, 
 as the stem of Orobanche and Tussilago, the 
 bulb of Lilium, and the bud of (Esculus hip- 
 pocastanum, are invested. The floriferous 
 bractece of the catkins of the hazel and the 
 poplar, and the nectariferous gland of the 
 petal-claw of Ranunculus, are, also, some- 
 times denominated scales. In Pathology, 
 the term, Squamae, is applied, by Willan, 
 to the 2nd Order, in his Classification, of 
 Cutaneous Diseases. 
 
 ECAILLEUX, adj., XssnSa/T-oj, squarna- 
 tus, squamosus, L., geschuppt, G., sca- 
 ly : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the superior of the three portions, portion 
 ecailleuse du temporal, F., pars squamosa 
 
 ossis temporis, L.., schuppentheil des 
 
 schlafenbeins, G., which constitute the 
 temporal bone ; and to the suture, s. e- 
 cailleuse, more correctly designated the 
 temporo-parietal, by which the parietal 
 margin of the temporal is connected with 
 the parietal bone : in Zoology and Botany, 
 to those parts, or organs, of animals and 
 plants which, as the tarsi and toes of the 
 Eagles, among Birds, the wings of the Le- 
 pidoptera, among Insects, and the bud, 
 bouton ecailleux, F., and the bulb of cer- 
 tain plants, are invested with scales. The 
 term is, moreover, substantively employ- 
 ed, by Fitzinger and Latreille, to desig- 
 nate a Section, or Tribe, of the Reptile- 
 Class, comprehending those animals 
 
 Squamata, Squamosa, L., whose bodies 
 exhibit a covering of scales which do not 
 form a distinct shield. 
 
 ECAUDE, adj ecaudatus, L, unbesch- 
 wanzt, G., ecaudate : an epithet applied,
 
 ECD 
 
 in Natural History, to animals which, as 
 the Callus ecaudalus, have no tail : by mo- 
 dern zoologists, to a Tribe of Reptiles, 
 ECAUDES, adj. and s. m., pi., Ecaudata, 
 
 L., comprehending those Batracians 
 
 which, at the adult age, are destitute of a 
 tail. Synon. with Anoure, F., anurus ( 
 priv., , a tail), L., schwanzlos, ohne 
 schwanz, G. 
 
 ECBOLIQUE, adj., ecbolius (USaXXa, to 
 expel), L. : an epithet, in Materia Medi- 
 ca, applied to any remedy, sxoX/ov (<p- 
 ftaxov), ccbolium remedium, L -fntchtab- 
 treibcndes mittel, G., calculated to accele- 
 rate the expulsion of the child, in difficult 
 parturition, or procure abortion. See AB- 
 ORTIF. 'ExfaArj cigfyov, dislocation of a limb. 
 
 ECCARTHARTIQUE, adj., eccatharticus 
 (ixxafa'igu, to cleanse out thoroughly), L., 
 ausreinigend, vollkommen reinigend, G. 
 Syn. with CATHARTIQUE, and PURGATIF. 
 
 ECCHYMOME, ECCHYMOSE, S. f., ix%U- 
 
 fj,uff,a,, ixxupuffi;, ecchymoma, n., ecchy- 
 mosis, f. JL. : in Surgical Pathology, the 
 extravasation or infiltration of blood into 
 the structure of the skin, or subcutane- 
 ous cellular membrane, die ergiessung 
 
 von blut in's zellgewebe, G. It may re- 
 sult from lesion of a blood-vessel induced 
 by external violence, or from the sponta- 
 neous occurrence of sanguineous exhala- 
 tion. 
 
 ECCOPE, s. f., F. and L., Ixxovv, aus- 
 
 schneiden, aushauen, n. G., excision ; 
 
 wound of the cranial bones by a cutting 
 instrument directed perpendicularly to 
 their surface : according to the Greek wri- 
 ters, fracture of the cranium. ECCOPEUS, 
 s. m., ixxovtus, literally, a knife, or in- 
 strument, for cutting out, culter exciso- 
 rius, L., auslosemesser, n. G. : according 
 to Kraus, a knife with a coracoid point, 
 ein messer mit rabenschnabelspitze, G. 
 
 ECCOPROTIQUE, adj. (lx, OUt Of, xovgo;, 
 
 excrement) : an epithet applied, in Mate- 
 ria Medica, to remedies, remedia eccopro- 
 tica, L., koth ausleerende oder laxir-mit* 
 tel, G., which exercise a slightly aperient 
 or laxative effect on the intestinal canal. 
 
 ECCRINOLOGIE, s. f., eccrinologia, f. 
 (ixxa'ivu, to separate from, to expel by se- 
 cretion or excrement, .Xayaj, discourse), 
 L., aussonderungslehre, f. G. ? : in Phy- 
 siology, a Treatise on the secretions. ' Ex- 
 i<ris, eccrisis, f. L., absonderung, f. G., 
 separation, secretion ; the excretion of 
 perspirable matter, fluid from the lungs, 
 and feces, die ausschiedung des schweis- 
 es, des lungenauswurfs, des stuhlgangs ; 
 and, more especially, in Pathology, the e- 
 vacuation of morbific principles, die aus- 
 leerung der krankheitsstoffe. 
 
 ECDORE, s. f., Ix$o, literally, the act 
 of flaying, abziehung der haut, G. ; but 
 employed to designate Excoriation gene- 
 
 221 
 
 ECH 
 
 rally, and, especially, that of the urethral 
 membrane. 
 
 ECHAI.OTE, s. f. : a species, in Botany, 
 belonging to the genus, Atlium, see AIL.' 
 The shalot, A. ascalonicum, die scha- 
 lotte, der schnittlauch, G., is much em- 
 ployed as a condiment, in culinary prepa- 
 rations. E'ch. d'Espagne. SeeRocAMBOLE. 
 ECHANCRURE, s. f., emarginatio, inci- 
 sura, f. L., ausschnitt, m. G. : a term 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate a va- 
 cancy, of semi-circular or irregular figure, 
 observed on the margin of a bone, of an 
 assemblage of bones constituting one piece, 
 or of a viscus. The principal notches, de- 
 scribed by Anatomists, are, 1. The ethmoi- 
 dal, E'ch. ethmotdale, F. incisura ethmoi- 
 dalis, L., siebbeinawm'&mM, G. ; and 2. 
 
 the nasal, nasale, nasalis, nasenbein- 
 
 ausschnitt, both belonging to the front- 
 al ; the former receiving the superior 
 part of the ethmoid bone ; the latter arti- 
 culated with the nasal bones : 3. the ischi- 
 
 atic, echancrures ischialiques, two, on 
 
 each side ; the great, la grande, tram, 
 ischiatica superior vel major, oberer oder 
 grosser sitzbeinausschnitt, existing be- 
 tween the sacrum and ilium, and trans- 
 mitting the Pyramidalis muscle, sciatic 
 nerve, and superior gluteal blood-vessels 
 and nerves ; and the lesser, la petite, 
 minor, kleiner, separated from the pre- 
 ceding by the ischiatic spine, and giving 
 passage to the tendon of the Obturator in- 
 ternus muscle, and internal pudendal blood 
 vessels, and nerves. The triangular space, 
 intervening between the parotic margin 
 of the ascending ramus of the lower jaw 
 and the mastoid process of the temporal 
 bone, is, also, termed, by French writers, 
 echancrure parotidienne, as lodging the pa- 
 rotid gland. For an account of the notches 
 of the different viscera, see SCISSURE. 
 ECHANCRE, adj. See EMARGINE. 
 
 ECHARDE, s. f., aculeus ligneus, L., 
 splitter, m. G., splinter : in Surgical Pa- 
 thology, a small piece of wood, petit eclat 
 de bois, F., lodged in the substance of the 
 skin ; and inducing severe irritation, and, 
 sometimes, formidable consequences. 
 
 ECHARPE, s. f., from the Italian, ciar- 
 pa, mitella, f. L., scharpe, f. G., scarf 
 or sling : in Surgery, a bandage, employed 
 to support the thoracic limb, or keep the 
 fore-arm bent upon the arm, in cases of 
 wound, fracture, or disease. 
 
 ECHASSIERS, s. m. pi., Grallee, Gralla- 
 tores, L. : a term applied, by Linnaeus and 
 succeeding Naturalists, to an Order of 
 Birds, comprehending those which have 
 long and slender tarsi, destitute of feathers ; 
 and which, consequently, look as though 
 mounted upon stilts, E'chasses, F., gral- 
 Ise, L,., stelzen, G. It constitutes the 
 13th Order in Temminck's Arrangement ;
 
 ECH 
 
 and comprizes, under the title, Gralles, 
 twenty-two genera of European Birds, 
 from GEdicnemus to Porphyrio, inclusive. 
 "See Manuel cTOrnithologie, v. ii, p. 516 ; 
 and Cuvier, Regne Animal, v. i, p. 493. 
 
 ECHAUBOULUKES, s. f., pi., sudamina, 
 n. L,, hitzblattern, f. G. : a popular de- 
 signation of the red spots, accompanied by 
 violent itching, which appear upon the 
 skin in Summer. 
 
 ECHAUFFANT, adj., calefaciens, L.., 
 erhitzend, erwarmend, G. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Materia Medica, to remedies, 
 medicaments echaiiffants, F., and, in Diet- 
 etics, to articles of'./oorf, which augment the 
 animal heat, and excite the organic action 
 of the different systems of the economy : 
 in popular language, to any agent, medici- 
 nal or alimentary, which induces constipa- 
 tion of the bowels. 
 
 ECHAUFFEMENT, s. m. i in Pathology, 
 a peculiar condition of the system, charac- 
 terized by increased heat, scantiness of the 
 excretions, and all the ordinary signs of 
 increased vascular action : also, a term 
 employed, by some authors, as expressive 
 of Blennorrhagia ; by others, of the exco- 
 riation^ chafing, cutis attritio, L,., 
 
 which occurs in the folds of the skin of 
 infants and corpulent adults : in popular 
 language, as synon. with CONSTIPATION. 
 
 ECHELLE, s. f., scala, f. L., leiter, f. 
 G., literally, ladder or scale. The term, 
 echelles, pi., is sometimes applied to the 
 two spires, rampes, F., of the cochlea 
 of the internal ear. See LiMA9ON. 
 
 ECHINE, s. f. (l%7s, the hedgehog), 
 chine : the popular name of the back-bone 
 or spine, rachis, F., spina dorsalis, L. 
 riickgrat, m., riickenstuck, n. G., of Ver- 
 tebrated Animals ; so named from the spi- 
 nous processes with which its postenor 
 surface is bristled. ECHINE, adj., echina- 
 tus, L. stachelig,G prickly: an epithet 
 applied, in Botany, to any part of a plant 
 which is invested, like the fruit of Bigno- 
 nia echinata, with stiff hairs, or prickles. 
 
 ECHINOCOQUE, s. m. : in Zoology, a ge- 
 nus of Vesicular Entozoary Animals, Echi- 
 nococcus (iz^'s, hedgehog, xoxxas, berry), 
 L.,^der Hiilsenwurm, G. ? ; characteriz- 
 ed by the existence of minute grain-like 
 bodies with an armed head (Corpus obova- 
 tum ; caput uncinorum corona et osculis 
 suctoriis instructum), adherent to the in- 
 ternal surface of a common cyst or bladder; 
 and containing Rudolphi, Entozoorum Sy- 
 nopsis, p. 183, three species: E. Honri- 
 nis vel humanus, Simla, et Vetvrino- 
 rum. The former, E. de Fhomme, of La- 
 marck, Polycephalus hominis (menschviel- 
 kopf, G.) of Goeze, Zeder, and Joerdens, 
 and Fischiosoma policefalo, of the Jtnlian 
 Brera, was first discovered by Professor 
 Meckel ; and subsequently, by Zeder, in 
 222 
 
 ECL 
 
 the ventricles of the human brain. Rudol- 
 phi represents it as " Hab. in Hominis 
 visceribus, prsesertim hepate." For de- 
 scriptions and figures of the animal, see 
 Cloquet, Faune des Medecins, v. iv, p. 479, 
 pi. v, fig. 3 ; Rudolphi, Entozoorum Hisio- 
 ria Naturalis, v. ii, p. 247, pi- xi, fig. 4 ; 
 Joerdens, Entomol. und Helmintholoyie des 
 menschlichen K'orpers, p. 62, pi. vii, fig. 21, 
 23 ; and Brera, Memorie Ftsico-mediche so- 
 pra i principali Vermi del Corpo umano, p. 
 149, 164, pL iii, fig. 13. 
 
 ECHINOPHTHALMIE, s. f., echinoph- 
 thalmia, f. (l%7v/>s, e<p0a*./u.ta, ophthalmy), 
 J.., inflammation of the eye-lids, oph- 
 thalmie palpibrale according to the French 
 lexicographers ; characterized by an erect 
 and bristly condition of the eye-lashes. 
 Kraus represents it as a disease of the eye- 
 lids, not inflammation, eine krarikheit der 
 augenlieder (wol nicht entzundung, wie die 
 Philologen schreiben), G., in which the 
 conjunctiva exhibits a rough appearance. 
 
 ECHINORHYNQUE, s, m. : in Zoology, a 
 genus of Entozoary Animals, Echinorynchus 
 (ixfves, fvyxos, beak), L., of which the 
 elongated and cylindrical body is termi- 
 nated, anteriorly, by a short retractile pro- 
 boscis, armed with minute hooks. The 
 sexes are distinct : the female oviparous. 
 Rudolphi, Entozoorum Synopsis, p. 63, 
 arranges the genus in his 2nd Order, A- 
 canthocephala , and enumerates 98 species : 
 the largest of which, E. gigas, inhabits the 
 small intestines of the pig ; and is lumi- 
 nously described and delineated, by Clo- 
 quet, in his Anatomie des Vers Intestinaux, 
 Ascaride lombrico'ide et E'chinorhynque Ge- 
 ant, 4to. Paris, 1824. One species only, 
 E. bicornis, is said, on doubtful authority 
 however, to be found in Man. 
 
 ECLAIR, s. m., <r<rj?r>i, fulgur, n. L., 
 blitz, m. G., lightning. ECLAIRE, s. 
 f. : the popular designation of Celandine. 
 See CHELIDOINE. 
 
 ECLAMPSIE, s. f., eclampsis, f. (ix\aft- 
 4>is, vivid light !), L., eklampsie, f., die 
 krampfe der kinder, G. : a term applied, 
 in Pathology, to the epileptic convulsions 
 of children. 
 
 ECLECTIQITE, adj., l*xnr<nxo;, eclec- 
 ticus, 1,., eclektiscn, G., selecting, cull- 
 ing: an epithet applied, in Science, to those 
 individuals, a! ixXtxrixai , who, whether 
 as physicians or philosophers, medici vel 
 philosophi eclecfici, L., die eclektischen 
 arzte oder philosophen. G., without at- 
 taching themselves to a particular theory, 
 select, from the various systems of medi- 
 cine and philosophy, such doctrines as ap- 
 pear most conformable to truth. ECLEC- 
 TISME, s. m eclectvsmus, m. L. : the me- 
 thod of philosophizing, of the Eclectics. 
 
 EcLEGME, S. m 'ix.Kliyfi.tt., IhlCtUS, m. 
 
 L., lecksaft, m. G. : in Pharmacy, a pre-
 
 ECP 
 
 paration lohock or looch, of an electu- 
 ary- or syrup-like consistence; intended 
 to dissolve slowly on the tongue : ordina- 
 rily composed of pectoral ingredients ; and 
 hence termed, bruslsnft, by the Germans. 
 
 ECLISSE, s. : in Surgery, a splint, see 
 ATTELLE. The Greek surgeons construct- 
 ed their splints from the bark of the n- 
 &j|, Ferula communis, common Giant- 
 Fennel. Hence the Latin term, Ferula , 
 and the Greek, *eig0n%, employed, by some 
 writers, as the synonym of splint. 
 
 ECONOMIE, s. f., a'ljtaveftia, literally, 
 household management, (oUxos, a house, 
 vipa, to regulate), ceconomia, f. L., o'k- 
 
 onomie, f. G., economy : a vague term 
 
 employed, in Physiology, to designate the 
 assemblage of laws which govern the or- 
 ganization of animals and plants, the or- 
 der and connection of the phenomena ex- 
 hibited by organized bodies. See Hunter, 
 Observations on the Animal Economy, 4to. 
 
 ECORCE, s. , cortex, m. and f., L., 
 pxa/as, rinde, f. G., bark, rind : in Bota- 
 ny, the exterior envelope of the trunk and 
 branches of dicotyledonous plants. It con- 
 sists of three different parts, disposed in 
 strata, the epidermis, cortical layers, and 
 tiler. To the therapeutic agents employed 
 in Materia Medica, the preserved larks of 
 various trees, and the rinds of certain 
 fruits, as the Cortex Cinchona;, ecorce 
 di< Quinquina, ChinartMcfc, G., and the 
 C. aurantii, ec. forange, die pomeranz- 
 enschale, constitute a large and most va- 
 luable addition. In Geology, the term, 
 E'corce de la. terre, F., erarindc, G., is 
 applied to the exterior and superficial crust 
 of the earth ; which is supposed not to ex- 
 ceed twenty leagues in mean depth, and 
 exhibits great irregularities. 
 
 ECOHCHURE, s. , vrapxr^iftftec, inter- 
 trigo, f. L. : in Surgical Pathology, a su- 
 perficial wound resulting from abrasion of 
 the exterior layers of the skin, abreibung 
 der haul, G., by friction. Syn. with EX- 
 CORIATION. 
 
 ECOUI.EMENT, s. m., fluxus, m. L., 
 abfluss, ausfluss, m. G., flux : a term 
 employed, in Pathology, to designate cer- 
 tain diseases ; the principal phenomenon 
 of which is the issue of a fluid from the 
 body : in popular language, the mucous 
 discharge consequent on urethritis. 
 
 ECPHRACTIQUE, adj., Ix^axrixoi, 6C- 
 
 phracticus, L., eroffnend, auflosend, G., 
 opening, aperitive : an epithet, in Ma- 
 teria Medica, synon. with DEOBSTRUANT. 
 ECPHYSE, s. f. : a term borrowed from 
 the Greek ixtyvins, a shoot or sucker ; and 
 employed, in Anatomy, as a synonym of 
 the French APOPHYSE, and German Aus- 
 wuchs, appendix or excrescence. Thus, 
 by some Latin writers, the duodenum is 
 named Ecphysis ventriculi. ECPHYSESE, 
 223 
 
 ECU 
 
 s. , lufuer^ffif, exphysesis, f. I,., aus- 
 blasen, n. G. : in Physiology, hurried 
 breathing, the respiration of an individual 
 out of breath. 
 
 ECPIESME, s. , ixfiurfia, ecpiesma, 
 n. I... : in Materia Medica, according to 
 Dioscorides, the expressed juice of plants, 
 plantarum succus expressus, L., der 
 ausgepresste pflanzensait, G. : in Surgical 
 Pathology, fracture of the skull with de- 
 pression, calvariae fractura, in qua partes 
 cranii fractse desederunt, et meninges at- 
 que cerebrum premunt, L.; also, protrusion 
 of the eyes, das heraustreten der augen, 
 G. ecpiesmus, m., oculorum protuberan- 
 tia extra orbitas cavitatem, L., from any 
 cause unconnected with increase of volume 
 of the organs themselves. 
 
 ECPLEROME, s. (Ix-r^vgafia, comple- 
 ment): the pad, coussinet, m. F. kleines 
 kiissen oder polster, G., employed to fill 
 up inequalities of surface in the applica- 
 tion of bandages. 
 
 ECPLEXIE, s. , sxvXvirif, ecplexia, 
 ecplexis, L., das erstarren von schreck- 
 en, von einem schlage, G., stupor, from 
 consternation or a blow. "ExvXtix<ros, ec- 
 plecticus, durch ekplexie leidend, strick- 
 en with , suffering from stupor. 
 
 ECPNOE, s. f. ixTvon, ixTviuiris, ecpnoe, 
 ecpneusis, L,., ekpnoe, , ausathmen, n. 
 G., expiration. 
 
 ECPTOME, s. m ix^rra^K, literally, fall 
 or dislocation, ecptoma, n., prolapsus, m. 
 Ij, herausfallen, n. G. : a term emploved, 
 in Surgical Pathology, as syn. with LUXA- 
 TION ; as, also, to designate the elimination 
 of gangrenous parts ; expulsion of the pla- 
 centa ; prolapsus of the womb ; and descent 
 of the intestine or omentum in hernia. 
 
 ECPYEME, S. m., ECPYESIS, S. , ixtrv- 
 
 vpa, ixvvriffis, ecpyema, n., ecpuesis, 
 L. : terms, in Surgical Pathology, respec- 
 tively employed to designate a part in a 
 state of perfect suppuration, wound, or 
 ulcer, ein ganz vereiterter theil, dergl. 
 wunde oder geschwiir, G. ; and the sup- 
 purative process, die vereiterung, sup- 
 puration, itselfl ECPYETIQUE, adj., ix- 
 -rvnrtxos, ecpyeticus, suppurative, pro- 
 moting suppuration. 
 
 ECREVISSE, s. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 Crustacea, Astacus ( Malacosiraces, Deca- 
 podes Macroures, Cuv.; Maiacostraca, Pod- 
 ophthalma Macroura, Asfacida, Leach), L., 
 ' Airrecxofi containing several species for- 
 merly arranged under Cancer, seeCRABE. 
 Of these, two are principally employed in 
 diet, and yield a highly grateful, nutritious, 
 but indigestible aliment: 1. the Lobster, 
 A. marinus, gammarus, ecr. homard, F., 
 der hummer, G. ; and 2. the common Craw- 
 fish, A. flumatilis ( Potamobius fluviatilis, 
 Leach), ecr. commune, des rivieres der 
 flusskrebs, an inhabitant of European
 
 ECZ 
 
 rivers. The stomach ofthe tatter presents, 
 at the annual period of change of its crus- 
 taceous covering, two spherical masses of 
 carbonate of lime with a slight admixture 
 of gelatine, formerly employed in medi- 
 cine, as an absorbent, under the absurd ti- 
 tle of yewe d'ecrevisse, F., oculi, vel lapi- 
 
 des, cancrorum, L., krebsaugen oder 
 
 krebssteine, G., crab's eyes or stones. 
 See Rathke, Untersuchungen uber die Bild- 
 ung und Entwickelung des Flusskrebses. 
 Fol. Leipzig, 1828. 
 
 ECRHYTHME, adj., (Ix, Out of, pv0pa;, 
 
 rhythm), ecrhythmus, L., unordent- 
 
 lich, G., irregular: an epithet, in Patho- 
 logy, synon. with ARHYTHME. 
 
 ECROUELLES, s. f. pi. : the popular de- 
 signation of Scrofula. See SCROFULES. 
 
 ECSARCOME, s. m., ixo-agxufAx, ecsar- 
 coma, n. L., fleischwucherung, f. G., a 
 flesh}' excrescence, or sarcoma. 
 
 ECTHYME, s. f., ixtiu/u.a., ecthyma, n. 
 L,. : in Pathology, an exanthematous erup- 
 tion, of sudden development and short du- 
 ration. 
 
 EcTiLtoTiauE, adj., ectilloticus (l- 
 T/XX, to pluck out), L., depilatory: Ex. 
 Ectillotica, L., mittel zum ausrupfen der 
 haare, G., depilatory remedies. 
 
 ECTOME, s. f., ix-Tafji/A, ectomia, f. L., 
 excision, amputation. 
 
 ECTOPIE, s. f., ectopia, f. (i, out of, 
 roves, place), L., eklopie, f., die krank- 
 hafte veranderung der lage eines theils, G., 
 dislocation, morbid change of situation of 
 a part. Ectopia, L., die Ektopien : the 
 diseases connected with such alteration. 
 
 ECTOPOCYSTIQUE, adj., ectopocysti- 
 
 cus : an epithet applied, in Pathology, to 
 morbid affections consequent upon dis- 
 placement of the bladder, ECTOPOCYSTE, s. 
 m. (ixroxos, out of place, xiW/j, bladder), 
 vesicse situs mutatio, L. 
 
 ECTOPROTIQUE. See ECCOPROTIQUE. 
 
 ECTRIMME, s. f., txTgi fifty,, ectrimma, 
 n. L. : ulceration ofthe skin of those parts 
 ofthe body in contact with the bed. 
 
 ECTROPION, s. m., ixrgonov ectropi- 
 um, n., palpebrae eversio, L., umkehrung 
 des augenlieds, G., eversion of the eye-lid, 
 Ectropicus, L., an ektropion leidend, dazu 
 gehorig, G., suffering from , pertain- 
 ing to ectropium. 
 
 EcTROTIdUE, adj. (ixrir^urxa, to Cause 
 
 abortion). Ectrotica remedia, L., unzeit- 
 ige geburt verursachende mittel, G., re- 
 medies calculated to procure abortion, Ec- 
 TROSE, s. f. ectrosis, f., ectrosmus, m. L. 
 EcTYLOTiauE, adj., ectyloticus (ix, 
 out of, rv)*os, a callus), it. Ectylotica re- 
 media, mittel gegen schwielen, G., re- 
 medies calculated to remove indurations, or 
 callosities, of the skin. 
 
 EcZEME, ECZESME, S. m. ixgtfta, tx- 
 
 t<rp*, literally, a pustule produced by 
 224 
 
 EFF 
 
 heat, eczema, n. L., hitzblatterchen, n. 
 G. Eczema, in the Arrangements of Wil- 
 lan and Bateman, see Practical Synopsis, 
 p. 250, constitutes a distinct genus, com- 
 prising three species, in the Order Vesicu- 
 Ue, of Cutaneous Diseases. 
 
 EDENTE, adj., edentatus, edentulus, 
 L. avaSo<ras, attdou;, zahnlos, G., eden- 
 tate, edentulous, toothless : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in common language, to individuals 
 who have lost their teeth. In Zoology, the 
 term is substantively employed, in the 
 plural, to designate, in Cuvier's Arrange- 
 ment, an Order of Mammifera, EDENTES, 
 Edentata, L., characterized by the to- 
 tal absence of incisor, and, ordinarily, ofthe 
 canine teeth. To this Order, belong the 
 Tardigrada, see TARDIGRADES ; the E- 
 dentata, properly so called, as the Arma- 
 dillos, Ant-eaters, and Pangolins ; and the 
 Monotrema, see MONOTREME. Also, a 
 Sub-order of the Cetacea ; comprehending 
 the two genera, Balcena, and Halcenoptera, 
 of toothless, or whalebone whales : and, 
 lastly, according to Latreille, a section of 
 the Crustacea, composed of the genera 
 which are destitute of proper mandibles. 
 
 EDRIOPHTHAI.MES, s. m. and adj. pi., 
 Edriophthalma (I'S^a.lo;, sitting, 'o<f>6a,\/ji.os, an 
 eye), L. : a term whereby L,each has de- 
 signated a Legion of the Crustacea Mala- 
 costraca, comprehending those which pos- 
 sess sessile eyes. 
 
 EDULCORATION, s. f., edulcoratio, f. 
 L. <y*.vxuffis, aussiissen, n., versiissung, 
 f., G. : in Chemistry and Pharmacy, the 
 act of rendering mild, or sweetening, sub- 
 stances, either by the removal of their a- 
 crid and disagreeable qualities, or by the 
 addition of a saccharine body. 
 
 EDULE, adj., edulis (edo, to eat), L. 
 geniessbar, G edible. See COMESTIBLE. 
 
 EFFERENT, adj., efferens (effero, to 
 convey), L. : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to those vessels, vaisseaux efferent s, 
 F., vasa ejferentia, L. ; which, like the 
 veins, convey fluids towards the heart : but 
 especially, to those absorbents which carry 
 their contents from the lymphatic glands, 
 to the thoracic duct : thus distinguishing 
 them from the vessels v. deferents, by 
 which fluids are conveyed from other parts, 
 to these glands. See DEFERENT. 
 
 EFFERVESCENCE, s. f, effervescentia, 
 f. ( eftervescere, to boil over, to ferment), 
 L., 'ixZ,tffis, aufbrausen, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, the commotion caused by the ex- 
 trication of gas from a fluid, at the ordi- 
 nary temperature of the atmosphere : in 
 the Humoral Pathology, the supposed e- 
 bullition ofthe blood and other animal flu- 
 ids at certain seasons, or in certain condi- 
 tions of these fluids. EFFERVESCENT, adj. 
 effervescens, aufbrausend, suscepti- 
 ble of the act of effervescence.
 
 EGA 
 
 EFFLORESCENCE, s. f., efflorescentia, 
 f. L., beschlag, m., auswitterung, f. G. : 
 in Chemistry, the conversion of a solid in- 
 to a pulverulent substance, by exposure 
 to the air. This may arise from absorp- 
 tion of atmospheric moisture, and conse- 
 quent conversion of the substance into a 
 pulverulent hydrate ; from loss of part of 
 its water of crystallization ; or combina- 
 tion with the water and oxygen of the at- 
 mosphere. In Botany, the act of 'flowering, 
 emoratio, f. L., aufbliihen, n. G., or 
 commencement of that process, in a plant. 
 In Pathology, every species of acute Exan- 
 thema. By Sauvages, the title, EFFLORES- 
 CENCES, pi., has been given to the Second 
 Order of the First Class of Diseases ; com- 
 prehending the acute exanthematous af- 
 fections. EFFLORESCENT, adj., efflores- 
 cens : possessing the property, as certain 
 kinds of salt, Set efflorescent, F., of fall- 
 ing into efflorescence. 
 
 EFFLUVE, s. m., effluvium, n. L. See 
 EMANATION. 
 
 EFFLUX, s. m., effluxus, m. L. : in 
 Obstetrics, the expulsion of the foetus, from 
 the 1st to the 7th day of a disease of the 
 mother. EFFLUXION, s. f., effluxio, f. 
 JL. : an expression employed, by French 
 accoucheurs, to designate the expulsion of 
 the embryo before the expiration of the 3rd 
 month of pregnancy, the period at which, 
 in their opinion, such accident should first 
 assume the name of Abortion. 
 
 EFFORT, s. m. : a term employed, by 
 the French, in various acceptations : 1. in 
 popular language, as a synonym of hernia: 
 2. to express the severe pain experienced in 
 the body, or towards the points of attach- 
 ment, of a muscle; consequent either upon 
 rupture of the fleshy fibres, or on separation 
 of them from the tendinous fibres, by vio- 
 lent contraction : and 3. Sauvages has de- 
 signated, by the name efforts des reins, F., 
 lumbago a nisu, L., the painful affection 
 of the lumbar muscles, caused by forcible 
 elevation of the trunk. 
 
 EFFRACTURE, s. f , effractura, f. L., * 
 literally, a breaking or bursting open: in 
 Surgical Pathology, fracture, with depres- 
 sion, of the cranial bones. 
 
 EFFUSION, s. , efFusio, f. (effundere, 
 to pour out), L., ausgiessung, EG.: in 
 Pathology, the pouring out, or extravasa- 
 tion, of a fluid into a visceral cavity, or 
 into the areolse of the cellular tissue. 
 
 EGAGROPILE. See JGAGROPILE. 
 
 EGAL, adj., aequalis, L "rot, gleich, 
 G., equal : an epithet applied, in Patho- 
 logy, to the pulse, pouls egal, F., the 
 strokes of which are perfectly uniform in 
 size, force, and frequency ; and to the re- 
 spiration, resp. egale, whenit exhibits no 
 perceptible difference in the depth and 
 frequency of the movements of inspira- 
 225 
 
 ELA 
 
 tion and expiration : in Botany, to the 
 parts, or organs, of plants, which present a 
 perfect similarity in figure, disposition, and 
 ler.gth ; as the seed-crown, aigrette egale, 
 F., when composed of hairs of the same 
 length ; the stamens, etamines egales, of 
 Butomus umbdlatus ; and the sepals, si- 
 pales igaux, of Primula. Polygamia <B- 
 qualis, Polygamie egale, is, again, an Or- 
 der in the Sexual System of Linnaeus; 
 comprehending those Syngenesious plants, 
 the whole of whose florets, as in Leontodon, 
 are hermaphrodite. 
 
 EGARE, adj., vagus, L. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to the countenance, 
 Physionomie egaree, F., and the eyes, o- 
 
 culi errantes,' vagi, L,., umschweifende 
 
 augen, G., of the sick, when they ex- 
 press a state of moral suffering, such as 
 fear, anger, rage, or other violent emotion 
 of the mind, irreferrible to an external 
 cause. This phenomenon is ordinarily the 
 Consequence of irritative or inflammatory 
 action of the brain. 
 
 EGILOPE, EGILOPS. See EGILOPS. 
 EGOPHONIE, s. f., aegophonia, f. (7|, a 
 goat, (fcavri, the voice), L., literally goafs 
 voice, bleating voice, voix de chevre, che- 
 vratante, F., meckernde stimme, G. La- 
 ennec has applied this term to the human 
 voice, when heard as, under peculiar cir- 
 cumstances, it issues through the stethos- 
 cope, from the thorax of the subject. The 
 sound, more acute and clear than in the nat- 
 ural state, then resembles the voice of the 
 goat, or, rather, that of a Punchinello. E- 
 gophony is regarded, by Laennec, as an ef- 
 fect of the natural resonance of the voice 
 in the bronchial ramifications transmitted 
 through a thin and tremulous layer of ef- 
 fused fluid. In omni fere pleuritidis casu 
 (egophoniam adesse putat Laennecus, L. 
 
 EJACULATEUH, s. m. and adj., ejacula- 
 tor, m. (ejaculare, to squirt out), L. : a 
 term, or epithet, applied, in Anatomy, 1. 
 to two ducts, conduits ejaculateurs, F., 
 which pass from the vesiculae seminales, 
 across the prostate gland, to the urethra, 
 and terminate on the lateral and anterior 
 parts of the verumontanum ; and 2. to two 
 muscles, ejaculateurs ou ejaculatoires, F. 
 musculi ejaculatores, .L., see ACCELERA- 
 TEUR, connected with the male urethra. 
 EJACULATION, s. f. : in Physiology, emis- 
 sion of the semen, emission dusperme, F., 
 seminis emissio, L., ausspritzung des sa- 
 mens, G., the act whereby this fluid is 
 ejected from the urethra. EJACVLATOIHE, 
 adj. Synon. with EJACULATEUR. 
 
 EJECTION, s. f., ejectio, f. (ejicere, to 
 expel), L., ausleerung, f., auswurf, m. 
 G. : in Physiology, the act of expulsion of 
 the feces, urine, and bronchial secretions, 
 Synon. with DEJECTION. 
 ELABORATION, s. f., elaboratio, f. L.
 
 ELA 
 
 ausarbeitung, f. G. : a term employed, by 
 Physiologists, to indicate the various 
 changes which assimilable substances un- 
 dergo, from the action of the living organs, 
 previously to their becoming subservient 
 to the purposes of nutrition. 
 
 EL.SOMELI, ELEOMELI, s. m., ixui'opt- 
 *.i, elaeomeli, n. L. : an acrid and purgative 
 oil, of the consistence of 'honey ; mentioned, 
 by Dioscorides, as the product of an un- 
 known tree of Syria. SeeDioscoridae, Phar- 
 macorum simplicium, Libri viii. Argento- 
 rati, 1529. De El&omelite, Cap. xxxvii. 
 
 EL.SOSACCHARIJM, ELkosACCHARUM, s. 
 m. F., n. Li., l^etiaffax^d^av, olzucker, 
 m. G. : in Pharmacy, an antiquated com- 
 pound, prepared by pouring an essential 
 oil upon pulverized sugar, and triturating 
 the mixture until the ingredients are in- 
 timately blended. It obviously possesses 
 the excitant properties of the oil employed. 
 For an account of the Officinal Eleeo-Sac- 
 chara of the French and Germans, see 
 Pharmacop. Gallica, p. 166jand Schwartze, 
 Pharmakoloyische Tabellen. Erster Band. 
 
 ELAINE, s. f., elaina, f. (i'Aa/sv, oil), L., 
 elain, olfett, n., olstoff, m. G. : in Che- 
 mistry, a substance discovered by Chev- 
 reul, and obtained by treating pork-fat 
 with alcohol. Since termed OLEINE. 
 
 ELAN, s. m. : in .Zoology, a species of 
 the genus, CERF. The absurd employ- 
 ment of the elk's foot, in epilepsy, has long 
 fallen into disuse. The horns of the ani- 
 mal yield a jelly analogous to that of the 
 common cornu cervL 
 
 E LANCE ME NT, s. m., lancuiatio, f. L., 
 zerreissung, f. G. : in Pathology, a se- 
 vere lancinating pain, comparable to that 
 which results from the action of a cutting 
 instrument. 
 
 ELASTICITE, s. , elasticitas, f. L., 
 elasticitat, schnellkraft, spannkraft, f. G., 
 elasticity : in Physics, a property, by 
 which certain bodies resume a determinate 
 figure and volume, as soon as the cause, 
 producing an alteration in, has ceased to 
 operate upon, them. ELASTIGUE, adj., 
 elasticus, elastisch, federkraftig, spann- 
 kraftig: an epithet applied, in Physics 
 and Botany, to any substance, as the elas- 
 tic gum, see CAOUTCHOU, and the parts, 
 or organs, of plants which exhibit the pro- 
 perties of elasticity. 
 
 ELATERIUM, s. m. F., n. L. : in Bota- 
 ny, a species of the genus, Momordica, 
 see MOMOHDIQTIE. 1 'ne juice of this plant, 
 -rrM. elaterium,concombre sauvage, F., 
 eselskiirbis, m., wilde gurke, epring-gurke, 
 f, G., squirting cucumber, evaporated 
 to dryness, furnishes a very violent purga- 
 tive, TO sXariiv, of the Greek , Elateri- 
 um, Succus Elaterii inspissatus, of the La- 
 tin , and Eselskiirbissaft-Extract, of the 
 German pharmacological writers, 
 22C 
 
 ELE 
 
 EI.ATROMETRE, s. m. elaterometrum, 
 n. ({XarJig, one who drives, fi'i^ov, a mea- 
 sure), Li., elaterometer : in Physics, an 
 instrument destined to measure, approxi- 
 matively, the degree of density or rarefac- 
 tion of air contained in the receiver of a 
 pneumatic apparatus. 
 
 ELECTIF, adj., electivus, L , wahl- 
 
 end, G. : in Chemistry, that power, by vir- 
 tue of which a simple substance operates 
 the decomposition of a binary compound, 
 is termed elective attraction or affinity, 
 attraction ou affinitc. elective, F. because it 
 seems to exhibit a preference, or choice, 
 electio, f. L., warn, f. G., for the pecu- 
 liar element of which the latter is deprived. 
 
 ELECTION, s. f., electio, f. (eliyere, to 
 choose), Jj. : in Surgery, the selection of 
 the most favourable period, and region of 
 the body, for the performance of certain 
 operations. In some cases, in consequence 
 of the peculiar nature of the accident or 
 disease, the Surgeon is, on the contrary, 
 denied the choice of time and situation, 
 and then said to operate de nt'cessite, F. 
 
 ELECTRICITE, s. , electricitas, f. L., 
 elektricitat, f. G., electricity : in Phy- 
 sics and Chemistry, the collective desig- 
 nation of a series of phenomena which cer- 
 tain bodies exhibit, either naturally, or 
 from the action of various excitants. 
 Among these phenomena, may be distin- 
 guished the property of attracting light 
 substances, which was discovered in am- 
 ber, the % Xixr^ai, of the Greeks, hence the 
 term electricity, about the time of the 
 Milesian, Thales. See Dictionaire des 
 Termes de Medecine, Chirurgie, Anatomie, 
 &c., par Be'gin, Boisseau, Jourdan, &c. 
 Paris, 1830. Art. Electricite. 
 
 ELECTRIQUE, adj., electricus, L,., 
 
 elektrisch, G., electric : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Physics, to divers phenomena, 
 substances, and powers, which are con- 
 nected with, or exhibit the characters of, 
 electricity ; as 1. the luminous jet, aigrette 
 electrique, F., which issues from a point 
 placed on the conductor of a machine when 
 the plate or cylinder is revolving, and the 
 electric spark, elincelle electrique ; 2. the 
 electrical atmosphere, atmos. electrique ou 
 
 sphere d'activite electrique, the utmost 
 
 distance at which electric bodies, corps 
 
 electriques, can manifest their action ; 
 
 and 3. the electrical fluid or matter, -fluide, 
 force, ou matiere electrique, the hypotheti- 
 cal cause of the phenomena of electricity : 
 in Zoology, to divers animals which, like 
 the Gymnotus eleclricus, among Fishes, and 
 Scolopendra electrica, among the Myriapoda, 
 are capable of developing, at will, electri- 
 cal phenomena. 
 
 ELECTRISATION, s. f,, electrisatio, f. 
 L., elektrisiren, n. G., electrization : in 
 Physics, an operation which consists in de-
 
 reloping, or exciting, by friction, contact, 
 heat, or compression, the electric property. 
 ELECTHISABLE, adj., susceptible of ac- 
 quiring such property. 
 
 ELECTRO-CHIMIE, s. f., electro-che- 
 
 mia, fl L., electro-chemistry : that Sys- 
 tem of Chemistry, in which the theory of 
 chemical phenomena is founded on the ap- 
 plication of the known laws of electricity. 
 ELECTRO-CHIMIQUE, adj., electro-che- 
 inicus, relating, as the Theorie clectro- 
 chimique, F., to electro-chemistry. 
 
 EI.ECTRO-CHEMISME, ELECTRO-CHIM- 
 ISJIE, s. m., electro-chemismus, m. L. : 
 the Theory, on which affinity, and all the 
 other chemical phenomena, of bodies are 
 explained by the laws of electrical polarity. 
 
 ELECT ROGENE, s. m., electrogenium, 
 n. ()Xsx<rv, amber, ytwa.a, to engender): a 
 name given, by some Natural Philosoph- 
 ers, to the unknown cause, or principle, of 
 electrical phenomena, das die elektrischen 
 erscheinungen begriindende princip, G. 
 
 ELECTROLOGIE, s. f., electrologia, f. 
 (same, and Xoy s -, discourse), L. : Treatise 
 upon , theory of. Electricity. 
 
 ELECTROMAGNETISME, s. m., electro- 
 magnetismus, m. L. : the assemblage of 
 magnetic phenomena produced by electrici- 
 ty, or the connection of electrical and mag- 
 netic phenomena. die verbindung der 
 
 elektrischen und maynetischen erscheinung- 
 en, G. ELECTROMAGNETIQUE, adj., 
 
 electro-magneticus, elektromagnetisch? 
 
 electro-magnetic. 
 
 ELECTROMETRE, s. m., electrome- 
 
 trum, n. (y\\t.x.r^>v, pirpov, measure) Ij., 
 electricitaimesser, m. G., electrometer : 
 an instrument destined to determine, ap- 
 proximatively, the proportion of electric 
 fluid contained in any given body ; as the 
 ELECTROSCOPE, s. m., electroscopium, n. 
 (same, and <rx<u, I examine), L.., is to 
 ascertain the specie of fluid, fespece de 
 fluide, vitre ou resineux, F., so contained. 
 ELECT ROMETRIE, s. f., electrometria, f. 
 L., electrometry : the art of measuring 
 electricity, die kunst, die elektrischenkrafte 
 zu messen, G. ELECTROMETRIQUE, adj., 
 electrometricus, electrometrical : per- 
 taining to electrometry. 
 
 ELECTUAIRE, s. in., electarium, elec- 
 tuarium, n. L., latwerge, fl G., electu- 
 ary : a pharmaceutical preparation, of a 
 consistence somewhat thicker than honey; 
 and differing little from the CONFECTION. 
 For an account of the Electuaries, and 
 Confections, employed in French and Ger- 
 man Pharmacy, see Pharmacopoea Gallica, 
 p. 308; and Schwartze, Pharmakologische 
 Tabellen, Leipzig, 1812, 1822. 
 
 ELEMENT, s. m., eLmentum, n. L., 
 froi^lav, urstofF, m. G. The term, ele- 
 ment, was originally applied, in Chemistry, 
 to all bodies regarded as simple. By mo- 
 
 227 
 
 
 
 dern chemists, however, it is used, in a re- 
 lative sense, to designate only those bo- 
 dies which they have not yet succeeded in 
 decomposing. The various elements may 
 be distinguished into the ponderable an'd 
 imponderable. Of the former, fifty-three 
 are, at present, enumerated: of the latter, 
 four, caloric, light, the electric and mag- 
 netic fluids. The number of elementary 
 
 bodies, corps elementaircs, F., will be 
 
 greatly affected by the future discoveries 
 of Science. ELEMENTAIRE, adj., ele- 
 
 mentarius, ffTei%inu&r,s, elemer.tarisch, 
 
 elementary, exhibiting the characters 
 of an element or simple body. 
 
 ELEMI, s. m., Elemi Kesina, L., E- 
 lemiharz, Oelbaumharz, G.: a name giv- 
 en, in Materia Medica, to two nearly-alli- 
 ed resinous substances : \. E'lemi oriental, 
 F., a product ofAmt/ris zeylonica, an Eth- 
 iopian and Ceylonese tree ; and 2. EL bal- 
 ard occidental, furnished by the A. elemi- 
 ftra, a native of America. Restricted, as 
 irritants, to external application, they con- 
 stitute the principal ingredient of one Of- 
 ficinal Preparation, the Elemiharzsalbe, 
 Oelbaumharzsalbe, oder Arciiusbalsam, 
 (Unguentum Elemi) of the Germans; and 
 Ung. de TerebinthinS et Adipibus, vulgo 
 Balsamum Arcsei, see BAUME. of the 
 Pharmacopoea Gallica. 
 
 ELEPHANT, s. m. : in Zoology, a genus 
 of the Mammifera, Elephas ( Pach ydermes, 
 Proboscidiens, Cuv. ; Multungula, Bl.), L., 
 E'Aipas ; comprehending the Elephant of 
 Asia, E. Jndicus, E'l. d'Asic, F., der 
 Asiatische oder Indianische elephant, G. ; 
 and that of Africa, E. Africanus, E'l. d' 
 Afriquc, der Afrikanische . The two 
 species differ essentially from each other, 
 in size, in figure of the head, volume of 
 the ears, in habits and character. The 
 former is especially distinguished by the 
 existence of four" toes on the posterior 
 foot ; while the latter has only three. The 
 fesh of both is edible ; and the tusk, see 
 DEFENSE and IVOIRE, usefully employ- 
 ed in the manufacture of divers surgical 
 instruments, particularly pessaries. Cal- 
 cined ivory, under the designation of Spo- 
 dium, is said to have been employed medi- 
 cinally, as an absorbent, by the ancients. 
 See Cours Complet d'HistoireNaturellc, Me- 
 dic, et Pharmaceut. Par Cuvier, Richard, 
 Drapiez, etc. (v. i., p. 24), Bruxelles, 1835. 
 
 ELEPHANTIASIS, s. m., elephantiasis, 
 elephantia, f., elephantiasmus, m. L. Ixt- 
 
 <l>Kiirta<ri;, \Kii^a.tTieifffi.l(, elephantiasis, 
 
 knollsucht, fl G. : in Pathology, a chronic 
 inflammation of the skin, in which the in- 
 tegument becomes indurated, tumified, ir- 
 regularly scaly and wrinkled, so as to re- 
 semble the elephant's hide. The affection 
 frequently terminates in ulceration, de- 
 tachment of the hairs and nails, and caries 
 
 Q2
 
 ELE 
 
 of the subjacent bones. Elephantiasis con- 
 stitutes a genus in the 7th Order, Tuber- 
 cula, of Willan and Bateman, see Synop- 
 sis of Cutaneous Diseases, p. 297- Pinel, 
 arranging it among the " General Orga- 
 nic Lesions," Nosographie Philosophigue, 
 v. iii, p. 364, enumerates two principal 
 species, the Elephantiasis of the Greeks 
 and Arabs, El. des Grecs, et des Arabes. 
 To these, a later French author, Chomel, 
 Nouveau Dictionaire de Midecine, Chir- 
 urgie, etc. Paris, 1831 (v. i, p. 659), has 
 added three other species, or rather varie- 
 ties, El. de Cayenne, des Indes, et de 
 Java; which, however, he regards, like 
 the El. des Grecs, as mere varieties of, or 
 identical with, Lepra. His description of 
 the second, or Arabian, form of the disease 
 is especially luminous and concise. EI.E- 
 PHANTIQUE, adj. : an objectionable, be- 
 cause incorrectly constructed, epithet, ap- 
 plied, by some French writers, to a limb, 
 as the leg,jambe elephantique, when af- 
 fected with Elephantiasis. 
 
 ELEPHANTOPE, s. m., elephantopus, 
 m. (Ixs^aj, yfous, a foot), L, knollfuss, 
 m. G. : a term, in Pathology, applied to 
 the lower limbs when affected with Elephan- 
 tiasis : in Botany, a genus of plants (St/n- 
 genesia, Segregat ; Corymbiferae ), der Ele- 
 phantenfuss, G. ; so named from the re- 
 semblance of the radical leaves of the few 
 constituent species, to an Elephant s foot. 
 
 ELEVATEUR, s. m., levator, m. L., 
 aufheber, m. G. : a term, in Anatomy, 
 applied to those muscles whose office con- 
 sists in elevating the organ, or part, to 
 which their moveable extremity is attach- 
 ed. They are the following : 
 
 1. M. Elevateur commun de Taile du nez 
 et de la levre superieure (grand-sus-maxillo- 
 labial, Ch.), F., levator labii superioris a- 
 laeque nasi, L., aufheber der oberlippe 
 und des nasenHiigels, G. ; a triangular 
 muscle extending, on each side, from the 
 nasal process or the superior maxillary 
 bone, to the ala nasi and upper lip. 
 
 2. de Faile du nez. See PYRAMIDAL. 
 
 3. de Phumerus. See DELTOIDE. 
 
 4. de la levre inferieure (sous-max- 
 
 illo-labial), levator labii inferioris, men- 
 ti, aufheber des kinn ; extending from 
 the lower jaw, near the root of the alveo- 
 lus of the lateral incisor tooth, into the 
 under lip and integument of the chin. 
 
 5. propre de la levre superieure (moy- 
 en-sus-maxillo-labial, Ch.), levator labii 
 superioris proprius, eigener aufheber der 
 oberlippe ; from the malar and superior 
 maxillary bones, to the upper lip. 
 
 6. de rceil. See DROIT superieur. 
 
 7. de Voreille, attollens auriculae, 
 aufheber des ohrs. See AURICULATRE. 
 
 8. de la paiipiere superieure (orbito- 
 palpebral, Ch.), levator palpebrae superi- 
 
 228 
 
 ELY 
 
 oris, aufzieher des obern augenliedes ; 
 from the ala minor of the sphenoid bone, 
 directly in front of the foramen opticum, to 
 the superior border of the tarsal cartilage. 
 
 9. du testicule. See CREMASTER 
 The Levator anguli oris, palati, et 
 scapulae, aufheber des mundwinkels, 
 des gaumensegels, und des schulter- 
 blattes, G., are not described, nor even 
 enumerated, under this article, by the 
 French lexicographers. 
 
 ELkvATiojr, s. f., elevatio, f. (ehvare, 
 to raise), L : in Physiology, the result of 
 the operation of an elevator muscle; as the 
 raising of the arm by the action of the del- 
 toid : in Physics and Chemistry, an aug- 
 mentation of the temperature of the atmos- 
 phere, or other body, by natural or artifi- 
 cial means : in Pathology, a rising of the 
 pulse, i-liv. du pouts, F., indicated by an 
 increase of force in the arterial stroke. 
 ELEVE, adj. erhaben, hoch, G. : an epi- 
 thet, in Botany, applied to certain species 
 of plants which, like Ayaricus procerus, and 
 Fraxinus excelsior, are distinguished from 
 their congeners, by greater stature. 
 
 ELKVATOIRE, s. in., elevatorium, n., 
 vectis elevatorius, L., hebeisen, n. G. : 
 in Surgery, an instrument employed to 
 elevate depressed portions of the cranial 
 bones, or remove the circle which has been 
 detached by the trephine. Three princi- 
 pal varieties of elevator exist, at present, 
 in French practice : 1. YElevat. ordinaire ; 
 2. de J. L. Petit, since modified by Lou- 
 is ; and 3. tiipldide, vectis triploides, 
 L., now nearly fallen into disuse. 
 
 ELEVUHES, s. f., pi. : under this generic 
 name, Efflorescentits, L aufbliihungen, 
 G., are arranged, by French writers, all 
 the eianthematous affections, in which tu- 
 mefaction of the skin exists. They desig- 
 nate as spots, taches, F., maculae, L., 
 flecken, G., those characterized by mere 
 change of colour, without swelling. 
 
 ELIXIR, s. m. F., and L., n. G. : an 
 useless and almost obsolete term, in Phar- 
 macy, derived from the Arabic, Elecsir, 
 Elicsir, sive Aleschis, id est pura sine fae- 
 cibus massa, vel essentia ; and hence de- 
 signated by the Germans, Quintessenz eines 
 dinges. It is merely a solution of various 
 pharmaceutical substances in alcohol ; and 
 perfectly analogous with the modern com- 
 pound alcoholic Tincture. Elixirs, Elix- 
 iria, Ph. Gall., still retain their place in 
 the French and German Dispensatories. 
 
 ELONGATION, s. f, elongatio, f. L., 
 verlangerung, fl G. : in Surgical Patholo- 
 gy, augmentation of the length of a limb, 
 from disease or injury of the articulation 
 above : also, the extension practised in the 
 reduction of a fractured or dislocated bone. 
 
 ELUTRIATION, s. f. See DECANT ATION. 
 
 ELYTRE, s. m., elytron, elytrum, n.
 
 EMA 
 
 v, case or sheath), alee vagina, L., 
 deckschild, m., flligeldecke, f. G. : in Zoo- 
 logy, the indurated and coriaceous envelope 
 wing-case, which sheathes, and protects, 
 the inferior or membranous wing of Coleop- 
 terous and Orthopterous Insects. The term, 
 elytres, f., elytra, L., is also employed 
 to designate the scales which invest the 
 dorsum of the Annelides. 
 
 ELYTRITE, ou EJLYTROITE, s. f., ely- 
 tritis, vel elytroitis, (iXt/rjov, the vagina), 
 L. in Pathology, inflammation of the va- 
 gina, entziindung der scheide, G. 
 
 ELYTROCEI.E, s. f., elytrocele, f. (iXv- 
 rgov, X'A., hernia), L., scheidenbruch, 
 m. G., vaginal hernia. ELYTROPTOSE, 
 s. f., elytroptosis, f. (same, and vra<ns, 
 fall), prolapsus vaginas,^., mutterscheid- 
 envorfall, m. G. 
 
 ELYTRORRHAGIE, s. f., -elytrorrhagia, 
 f. (same, and f^yvuf.t.1, to burst forth), L. 
 mutterscheidenblutung, f. G., active va- 
 ginal haemorrhage. ELYTRORHEE, s. f., 
 elytrorrhoea, f. (same, and pia, to flow), 
 
 L., ein massiger, langer anhaltender 
 
 mutterscheidenblutnuss, G., passive hae- 
 morrhage, but, according to the French 
 lexicographers, a mucous discharge, from 
 the vagina. 
 
 ELYTROIDE, adj. elytroides ('^VT^OV, 
 iTSo;, resemblance), L_, scheidenahnlich, 
 scheidenartig, G., elytroid, sheath-like : 
 an epithet improperly applied to the pro- 
 cess of peritoneum tunica elytroides, L.., 
 which accompanies the testicle in its de- 
 scent, from the abdomen, through the in- 
 guinal ring, and subsequently forms the 
 especial envelope of the organ,. tunica 
 vaginalis testis. It is the cnveloppe perito- 
 neale, of Chaussier. 
 
 EMACIATION, s. f., emaciatio, f. (ema- 
 ciare, to make lean), L., abmagerung, f. 
 G., wasting, loss of flesh. EMACIE, adj. 
 
 emaciatus, abgemagert, emaciated, 
 
 wasted in flesh. 
 
 EMAIL des Dents, s. m., enamel: in 
 Anatomy, a smooth and milk-white sub- 
 stance, subst. vitree ou emaillie, F., in- 
 dumentum vitreum, L., which, secreted 
 by the internal surface of the dental cap- 
 sule, forms a thin layer upon the crown of 
 the teeth, see DENT. It is destitute of 
 vessels ; and, when once destroyed, is not 
 reproduced. It consists of phosphate of 
 lime and animal matter. 
 
 EMANATION, s. f., emanatio, f. (ema- 
 nare, to issue from), L., ausfluss, m. G. : 
 a term applied to bodie?, principally fluid 
 or gaseous, which proceed, or take their ori- 
 gin, from other bodies. Thus, light ema- 
 nates from the sun ; odours, from plants ; 
 and putrid miasmata, from the decomposi- 
 tion of animal and vegetable substances. 
 
 EMASCULATION, s. f., emasculatio, f. 
 (emasculare, to castrate), L., entmann- 
 
 EMB 
 
 ung, fl G. Synon. with CASTRATION. 
 EMASCULER, v. a., entmannen, to e- 
 masculate : priver un animal male des or- 
 ganes, ou de la facultd, de generation, F. 
 
 EMBARRAS, s. m. : a term employed, by 
 French pathologists, to designate a state 
 of abdominal derangement , of which they 
 describe two principal varieties, Embar. 
 gastrique, et intestinal. The former is 
 produced by an accumulation of irritating 
 or indigestible matters in the stomach : the 
 latter, by a similar condition of the bowels. 
 By some writers, a third variety is admit- 
 ted: E. gastro-intestinal ; consisting "of 
 slight gastro-enteritis, in which the symp- 
 toms of gastric and intestinal disorder are 
 complicated." 
 
 EMBARRUBE, 8. f., engeisoma, n. L. : 
 in Surgical Pathology, a kind of fracture of 
 the skull, art brucn der hirnschale, G. 
 in which a splinter, passing beneath the 
 sound portion, of bone, exercises a com- 
 pressing influence upon the brain. 
 
 EMBAUMEMENT, s. m., pollinctura, f., 
 cadaverum conditura,L. einbalsamirung, 
 f. G., the embalming of <iead bodies. 
 
 EMBONPOINT, s. m. : in Physiology, 
 that condition of the body, bona corporis 
 habitudo, L., volligkeit des korpers, G., 
 of man or other animal, in which the 
 quantity of fat is proportionate to his bulk 
 and stature. The excess of adipose accu- 
 mulation borders upon disease. It then 
 constitutes the OBESITE, of ordinary wri- 
 ters, the ADELIPARIE, of Alibert. 
 
 EMBROCATION, s. f., tf^Sfo^ri ^S^a, 
 to soak, to saturate with a liquid), em- 
 brocatio, f. L. : a term applied, in Thera- 
 peutics, tojomentations of the animal body, 
 more especially, with oily applications. 
 
 EMBRYOCTONIE, s. f., embryoctonia, 
 f. (%fe,guov, an embryo or foetus, xniv/a, to 
 destroy), foetus trucidatio, L.. embryokt- 
 onie, f. G. : in Obstetrics, destruction of the 
 foetus in utero, for the preservation of the 
 mother. 'EpSguaxrovos . one who destroys a 
 foetus in utero. 
 
 EMBRYOGRAPHIE, s.f. embryographia, 
 f. (tfiSpvov, y^a.tyo>, I describe), L., die a- 
 natomische beschrvibung eines embryon, G., 
 embryography, the anatomical descrip- 
 tion of a fcetus. EMBRYOLOGIE, s. f., F. 
 and G. ? embryologia, f. (same, and A.ayy, 
 discourse), L. embryology : doctrine 01 , 
 or Treatise upon tiiefaitus. 
 
 EMBRYON, s. m., F., and G ipS^u/n/, 
 embryo, m. L. : in Zoology and Botany, 
 the first rudiment of an organized body, 
 after its development by the act of gene- 
 ration. The vegetable embryo, cor semi- 
 nis, corculum, L., keimling, G., consti- 
 tutes the essential part of the seed ; sur- 
 rounded by the perisperm, when that ex- 
 ists, and by the seminal tunics, when it is 
 wanting. It comprehends the elements
 
 EME 
 
 of a new plant resembling the parent. 
 One of its extremities exhibits the radicle, 
 seelLvDicuLE; the other, the PLUMULE. 
 
 EMBRYOTHLASTE, s. m., ipZ^unQxa.??*; 
 (iftS^uav,- facia, to crush, to break in piec- 
 es), embryothlasta_, embryothlastes, Ij., 
 embryothlast, m. G. : in Obstetrics, an 
 instrument for breaking the bones of the 
 dead foetus, in order to facilitate its ex- 
 traction, in difficult parturition. 
 
 EMBRYOTOMIE, s. f., \\fy-jorofjt,ia.,~em- 
 bryotomia, f. Ij., embryotomy : in Ana- 
 tomy, dissection of thefceiu?, die zerlegitng 
 des emlryon, G. : in Obstetric Surgery, 
 the operation of dismembering the foetus in 
 utero, of tha human or other mammifer- 
 ous female, xerschneidung der unzeitiyen 
 frucht, G., by an instrument, EMBRYO- 
 TOME, s. m., embryotomus, m. (tpSguov, 
 riftyu, to cut), L., embryotom? n. G., 
 destined for that purpose. 
 
 EMBRYULCIE, s. f., embryulcia, f. (i/u- 
 Govov, 'ixxu, to drag), L., embryulkie, f. 
 Ci. : extraction of the foetus from the womb, 
 in difficult parturition, by the EMBRY- 
 ULCE, s. m., embryulcus, m. L., ein eis- 
 erner haken, oder jedes andere werkzeug, 
 zur verrichtung der embryulkie, G., an 
 iron hook, or other instrumentsee CRO- 
 CHET, destined for the performance of 
 such operation. 
 
 EMETINE, s. , emetina, f. (l/tiea, to 
 vomit), L., brechstoff, m. G. : a new al- 
 cali, an immediate principle of vegeta- 
 bles, discovered, by Pelletier, in the roots 
 of the various species of Ipecacuanha. 
 They are indebted to it for their emetic 
 properties. It may be conveniently admi- 
 nistered to children in troche or pastile : 
 and is poisonous to dogs. 
 
 EMETICIUE, adj., ifti-ixi;, emetic : an 
 epithet applied, in Materia Medica, to re- 
 medies, remedia emctica, L &ra-7imittel, 
 G., which excite vomiting, iftsiris. The 
 emetics, principally employed, are Tartariz- 
 ed Antimony, Emetine, Ipecacuanha, and 
 Sulphate of Zinc. Of these, the former is 
 especially designated, in French, by the 
 term, Emitique, substantively used. EME- 
 TFSER, v. a. (ipiri^tu), tomilionem conci- 
 tare, L., to excite vomiting, by an emetic. 
 
 EMETATROPHIE, s. f. emetatrophig, f. 
 (taints, the act of vomiting, KT^'IO., want 
 of nourishment), marasmus a vomitu chro- 
 nico productus, L. einedurch chronisch- 
 es erbrechen enstandene abssehruug, G., 
 atrophy from chronic vomiting. 
 
 EMETO-CATHARTICIUE, s. m. and adj. 
 emeto-catharticus (eftirof, xa^r/xo;, pur- 
 gative), L., emeto-cathartic : a term, or 
 epithet, applied to pharmaceutical substances 
 which produce Emeto-catharsis, f. L., e- 
 mito-catlutrse, f. F. ?, brechpurgiren, n., 
 das ausleeren nach und unten, G., vomit- 
 ing and purging, at the same time. 
 230 
 
 EMC) 
 
 , s. f., emetologia, f. (s>- 
 ras, Xayuj, discourse), Ij. : according to 
 the French Lexicographers, a Treatise on 
 vomiting and emetics. The German, Kraus, 
 defines it as " the Doctrine of vomiting in 
 its physiological, pathological, and thera- 
 peutic bearings, as well as of emetics ;" a'nd 
 employs the term, Emeticologia, s. f. L., to 
 designate the mere doctrine of emetic reme- 
 dies, die lehre von den brechmiltebi, G. 
 See Medicinisches Lexikon, 8vo. "\Vien, 
 1826, p. 31112. 
 
 EMINENCE, s. f., eminentia, f. L., 
 erhohunp, f. G. : in Anatomy, a projection 
 exhibited by the surface of an organ ; as 
 Eminences olivaires; pyrandilales; portes; 
 see CORPS, FOIE, FORTES. The emi- 
 nences of bones are termed processes. See 
 APOPHYSE. 
 
 KMISSAIRK, s. m. and adj., emissarius 
 (emittere, to send, or let, out), L. : a term 
 applied, in Anatomy, to excretory ducts, 
 emissaria (ausfuhrungsvgange, G.) sive duc- 
 tus, per quos humor quicunque effluit, vel 
 de corpore excernitur, L. Emissaires, ou 
 veines emissaires, de Santorini, F., emis- 
 saria Santorini, I* : minute veins, which, 
 as the parietal, posterior condyloid, and 
 mastoid, communicate with the sinuses of 
 the dura mater by certain cranial orifices ; 
 and may, in some cases, transmit to the 
 exterior, the blood circulating within. 
 
 EMISSION, s. f., emissio, f. L. : the ac- 
 tion whereby matters, of any kind, are ex- 
 nelled from the body ; as, in Physiology, 
 emission of the urine or semen, em. de f- 
 urine, du spsrme, F. : in Therapeutics, 
 of blood, emissio sanguinis, L., by arti- 
 ficial means. 
 
 EMMEWAGOGUE, s. m., and adj., em- 
 rnenagogus vel emmeniagogus (If/.f^r^u, 
 i/j.fj.w'tK, the menstrual flux, u.yiuyc$, that 
 which induces), L. : an epithet applied, in 
 Materia Medica, to remedies, Emmena- 
 
 gogues, F., cmmcnagoga, L., monatx- 
 
 reinigung befordernde mittel, G., which 
 excite the menstrual discharge. EMMENA- 
 GOLOGIE, s. f, emmenagologia, f. (same, 
 and A.oy, discourse), L . a Treatise on 
 Emmenagogties. EMMENOLOGIE, s. f. em- 
 mcnologia, f. (iftf*.vK, and Xoya;), L., a 
 Treatise on the Menstrual Flux. 
 
 EMOLLIENT, s. m. and adj., emolliens 
 (emollire, to soften or relax), L. : ah epi- 
 thet applied, in Materia Medica, to reme- 
 dies, -die erwelchenden mittel, G which, 
 as oily or mucilaginous substances, soften, 
 or relax, the parts whereon they operate. 
 Pliny employs the term as synon. with 
 laxative : Pepones emolliiint alvum. 
 
 EMONCTOIRE, s. m., emunctorium, n. 
 L. : a term applied to every organ destin- 
 ed to give issue to the various excretions. 
 The nasal fossae were regarded, by the an- 
 cients, as the emunctories of the brain.
 
 EMP 
 
 EMPATEMESTT, s. m. : an oedematous 
 swelling, which yields to, and retains the 
 impression of, the finger. 
 
 EsiPHRACTiaiTE, s. m. and adj., em- 
 phracticus, L,. : an epithet applied, in Ma- 
 teria Medica, to substances, ip.q>i>a.x<rixa, 
 <pccgp,tzxa, ausstopfende mittel, G., which 
 produce obstruction, EMPHHAXIE, s. , 
 sp/pgaltf, emphraxis, obstructio, f. L., 
 ausstopfen, n., verstopfung, f. G., of the 
 pores of the skin. 
 
 EMPHYSEME, s. m iptpv/rv/ta., emphy- 
 sema, n. L,., emphysem, n., die windge- 
 schwullst, f. G. : in Pathology, an elastic, 
 crepitant, and painless swelling, without 
 change of colour, resulting from the accu- 
 mulation of common air, or other aeriform 
 fluid, in the cellular tissue. Emphysema 
 is either accidental and symptomatic ; or 
 spontaneous and idiopathic. The former is 
 ordinarily produced by a wound of the 
 lung or trachea, and consequent introduc- 
 tion of the air into the cells of the skin : 
 the loiter, of more rare occurrence, by 
 morbid exhalation of gas into the cellular 
 membrane. 
 
 EMPIRISME, s. m. (s^-rt^/a, experience, 
 practical skill), erfahrungstunde, f. G., 
 empiricism : medicine founded, exclusive- 
 ly, upon observation, without theory on the 
 causes or the essence of diseases. EMPI- 
 RIQUE, adj., lf<t.#iit>ixos, empiricus, em- 
 pirisch, empirical : an epithet applied, in 
 Science, to the partisans of empirical me- 
 dicine, \p.*iiixri, empirica (ars), L. die 
 empirik, oder empirie, G., in order to 
 distinguish them from the dogmatists, see 
 DOGMATISMS : substantively employed, in 
 common language, as syn. with Charlatan. 
 
 EMPLASTIQUE, adj., l^\affTixos, 
 
 verpflasternd, G., emplastic : an epithet 
 applied, in Materia Medica, to topical re- 
 medies, remedia emplastica, Ii., schmier- 
 mittel, G., which adhere, like plasters, to 
 the surface with which they are placed in 
 contact. 
 
 EMPLASTRE, s.m., ift,<jr^atr<ri>v, 'i/^irXa,<r- 
 r^os, emplastrum, n. L., pflaster, n. G., 
 plaster : a solid, glutinous, pharmaceu- 
 tical composition ; differing, in its firmer 
 consistence, from ointments ; softening on 
 exposure to heat, and susceptible of ad- 
 hering to the parts on which it is applied. 
 In French Pharmacy, the term, plaster, is 
 restricted to those preparations which 
 contain a metallic oxide ; and which may, 
 consequently, be regarded as metallic 
 soaps: while those which consist of the 
 various resins, oil, wax, and other vegeta- 
 ble and animal substances, are denominat- 
 ed hard ointments, onguents durs, F. For 
 an account of the principal plasters em- 
 ployed in French and German practice, see 
 Pharm. Gallica, p. 362; where, in accord- 
 ance with the preceding distinction, they 
 
 231 
 
 EMP 
 
 are distributed into, 1. Emplastra Oxidis 
 Carentia, seu Unguenta solida; and 2. 
 Emplastra cum Oxidis : and Schwartze, 
 Pharmakologische Tabellen, Fol., Leipzig, 
 181 9 26. "Ep.**.a.ffrultii, p flasterform- 
 ig ? G, plaster-like, resembling a plaster. 
 EMPNEUMATOSE, s. f., i^wvet/^aTaxr/f, 
 
 empneumatosis, f. L., literally, the 
 
 act of filling with wind; but employed, in 
 Pathology, as synon. with EMPHYSEME. 
 
 EMPOISONNEMENT, s. m., veneficium, 
 n. L., vergiftung, f., todtung durch gift, 
 G., poisoning, death by poison. EMPOI- 
 soNNfe, adj., venenatus, poisoned. De- 
 stroyed, as an animal, by poison. veneno 
 sublatus; impregnated, as an article of di- 
 et or medicine, or as a weapon, with poison, 
 veneno infectus. EMPOISONNEH, v. a., 
 venenare, L., vergiften, G., to poison. 
 To destroy one by poison, SxiT>?j/o<y pg- 
 P.O.XOIS arXu/v T/V, veneno aliquem tollere. 
 
 EMPREINTE, s. f., impressio, f. L., 
 eindruck, m. G., impression : in Anato- 
 my, a slight depression which, surrounded 
 by asperities, exists upon the surface of 
 many bones ; and corresponds to the at- 
 tachment of a tendon see DELTOVDE 
 or a ligament ; or indicates the track of a 
 nerve or blood-vessel. 
 
 EMPROSTHOTONOS, s. m., tfi^a^o-ravia, 
 (Ipf^offHorovos, drawn forward), empros- 
 thotonus, m. L. and G. : in Pathology, 
 that variety of Tetanus wherein the body 
 is drawn forward by the permanent con- 
 traction of the muscles. 
 
 EMPSYCHOSE, s. f., -empsychosis, f. 
 (l[*,^u%iit, the act of animating), L., be- 
 seelung, f . G. : a term employed, by the 
 ancients, to designate the union of the 
 soul with the body. 
 
 EMPYEME, s. m., t^sri/jj^a, empyema, 
 n., empyem, n. L. : a term literally sig- 
 nifying internal abscess or suppuration, 
 eine innere eiterung, G. ; but employed, 
 by modern Pathologists, especially to de- 
 signate une collection de pus dans la cavite 
 de la plevre, F., an accumulation of pus 
 in the cavity of the pleura. 
 
 EMPYOCELE, s. m. ^ipvevos, purulent, 
 xjXj, an hernial tumor), F. and L,., her- 
 nia purulenta, collectio puris in scrota, L.., 
 eiterbruch, m., eine eiteransammlung in 
 hodensack, G., a collection of pus in the 
 testis, tunica vaginalis, or the cellular tissue 
 of the scrotum, 
 
 EMPYOMPHALE, s.m., empyomphalus, 
 m. (iffjrv<>s,ofiHftt>.os, the navel), L. eiter- 
 nabel, m. G., collection of pus in an umbi- 
 lical hernia ; or umbilical abscess, 06- 
 scessus sub umbilico natus, L., die vereit- 
 erung am nabel, G. 
 
 EMPYREUME, s. m., (puc^uuia, em- 
 pyreuma, n. L. and G. : the peculiar odour 
 exhaled by the volatile products which 
 result from the decomposition of animal
 
 and vegetable substances in an open fire. 
 EMPYREUMATIQUE, adj., empyreuma- 
 ticus, empyreumatisch, brenzlicht, pos- 
 sessing the characters, or qualities, of em- 
 pyreuma : as Olea empyreumalica, 1, 
 brenzlichte Oele, G., empyreumatic oils ; 
 odeur ou saveur empyreumatique, F brenz- 
 lichter geruch oder geschmack, an empy- 
 reumatic. smell or flavour. 
 
 EMU I.GENT, adj., emulgens (emulgere, 
 to milk out), L. : an epithet applied, by 
 the ancients, to the renal arteries and 
 veins, Vaisseaux emulgens, F., vasa e- 
 mulgentia, L. ; from the actively secret- 
 ing and decomposing power of the organs 
 to which they are distributed. See RF.NA;,. 
 EMULSION, s. f., emulsio, L., sa- 
 menmilch, f. G. : in Pharmacy, an opaque 
 and milk-white liquid, consisting of a fix- 
 ed oil suspended in water, by mucilage ; 
 as the almond-ewii/foion or milk, Emulsio 
 (amygdalae) sive lac amygdalinum, Ph. 
 Gall, mandelmilch, f. G. : constituting 
 an example of the true Emulsion, emuls. 
 vraie, of the French. Their spurious Emul- 
 tion, emuls. fausse, camphree, consists, 
 on the contrary, of Camphor, mixed up 
 with, and suspe'nded in, purslain-water, by 
 previous trituration with sugar and yolk 
 of egg. For an account of the Emulsions 
 employed bv the French and Germans, see 
 Phannac. Gallica, p. 84; and Schwartze, 
 Pharmak. Tabellen, Erster Band, p. .63. K- 
 MULSIF, adj. : an epithet applied to the 
 various seeds, semina emulsiva, TJ. which 
 yield oil by expression ; as the kernels of 
 almond and other stone-fruits, and even 
 the cucurbitaceous and cruciferous plants. 
 ENANTESIS, s. f. (baj-r/o;, opposite), F., 
 and L. : a term applied, by the Ancients, 
 to the confluence of ascending and descend- 
 ing blood-vessels ; as exemplified in the 
 anastomosis of the internal mammary and 
 epigastric arteries. 
 
 ENARTHROSE, s. f., enarthrosis, f. (lv, 
 in, f^v, an articulation), L. : an Anato- 
 my, a sort, of diarthrodial joint ; in which, 
 as exemplified in the coxo-femoral articu- 
 lation, the head of one bone is received 
 into the socket of another. ENARTHRITE, 
 . f., enarthritis, i. L., inflammation of 
 an enarthrodial joint. 
 
 ENCANTHIS, s. m., \yxa.v6li, enkan- 
 this, f. G. : literally, a growth or tumour in 
 the internal angle of the eye, em gewachs 
 am innern augenwinkel, G. ; but .employ- 
 ed, especially, to designate a fungoup 
 swelling, or carcinomatous degeneration, 
 of the lachrymal caruncle. 
 
 ENCATALEPSIE, s. f., yxaraXi/;, 
 encatalepsis, f. L. : a term employed, by 
 Hippocrates, as synon. with Catalepsy. 
 
 ENCAUME, s. m. (jlyxavpa, a mark made 
 by fire), encauma, n. L. : in Pathology, 
 *n ulcer of the cornea, Ulcere de la cornee, 
 
 232 
 
 ENC 
 
 F. ulcus comeae, L hornhautgesch wiir, 
 n. G. followed by escape of the humours, 
 and destruction of the organ. ENCAVURE, 
 s. f, apyiftx, argema, n. L. : according 
 to some writers, a deep and narrow ulcer 
 of ; to others, a speck on the trans- 
 parent cornea. 
 
 ENCENS, s. m. See OLIBAN. 
 
 E'NCEPHALALGIE, s. f., encephalalgia, 
 f. (i'yx'Kpa.Xes, the brain, aXyaj, pain), I.,., 
 hirnleiden, n., der tiefe kopfschmerz, G., 
 pain in the brain, deep-seated head-ach. 
 
 ENCEPHAI.E, s. m., iyx'i$a.}.of, ence- 
 phalon, n. L., gehirn, n. G., literally, 
 the contents of the head, including the brain 
 and cerebellum of Vertebratea Animals; 
 but frequently employed, in Anatomy, as 
 a term comprehending, with those organs, 
 the medulla objongata and spinal chord. 
 ENCEPHALIQJTE, adj encephalicus, das 
 yehirn betreffend, dazu gehorig, encepha- 
 lic, relating, or belonging, to the encepha- 
 lon. ENCEPHALITE, s. f., encephalitis, 
 f. L., hirnentziindung, f. G. inflamma- 
 tion of the brain, 
 
 ENCEPHALOCELE, s f. (lyx'upa^es, xr'Xw, 
 an hernial swelling), F., and (hernia cere- 
 bri) L hirnbruch, m. G.: in Surgical Pa- 
 thology, hernia of the brain. It is congeni- 
 tal, when protruding through an opening 
 of the skull, the result of malformation or 
 defective ossification ; accidental, when con- 
 sequent on caries, necrosis, fracture, or the 
 injury inflicted by the trephine, or other 
 cutting instrument, on the cranial bones. 
 
 ENCKPHALOIDES, s. m. (same, and iftos, 
 resemblance) : in Pathology, a term em- 
 ployed, by Laennec, to designate one of 
 the substances most frequently composing 
 those tumours which are vulgarly termed 
 scirrhus or cancer. This encephaloid or 
 cerebriform matter, so named from the re- 
 semblance which it bears to the structure 
 of the Lrain, may exhibit itself under three 
 different forms, encysted ; accumulated, 
 in irregular masses, without cyst ; or dif- 
 fused through the structure of an organ. 
 
 ENCEPHALOIDE, adj., encephaloides, 
 
 brain-like. Synon. with CEREBRIFOHME. 
 ENCEPHALOTOMIE, s. f., encephaloto- 
 mia, f. (same, and m^ri, incision), L.., dis- 
 section of the encephnlon. The new Latin 
 terms, Encephalelcosis, Encephalo-dialysis, 
 lithiasis, pathia, phtharsia, phy- 
 ma, rrhagia, scopia, sismus, and 
 trauma, compounds of the Greek 'Eyxitpa- 
 
 X0; with t^xutri;, $ia%.vffi(, ).i6'ia.tri;, fyHapfif, 
 raSi}, <fv/u.a, pj'y*up.i, <rx/><ria, triifffto;, and 
 Tfaupa, are employed, by Kraus, to desig- 
 nate, respectively, tdceration of the brain, 
 ein hirngeschwiir,inneres kopfgeschwiir, 
 G. ; the reduction of the substance of the 
 brain into a pulpy matter fie ramollisse- 
 ment du cerveau ?, of French Pathologists), 
 auffosung der hirnmasse zu breiartigen
 
 ENC 
 
 \vesen ; tiae formation of stones (calcareous 
 masses,. .encephalolithi, L., steinartige 
 niassen, G.) in the brain, die bildung von 
 
 steincn im gehirne, or induration of a 
 
 portion of the brain, die verhartuny eines 
 theils des aehirns , disease of the brain, 
 ein hirnleiden, eine hirnkrankheit ; corrup- 
 tion of the brain, eine verderbniss des ge- 
 Jiirns ; a tumour of the brain, ein hirn- 
 geschwullst ; hemorrhage of the brain, 
 ein hirnblutfluss ; inspection of the cranial 
 cavity, or of the brain, die untcrsuchung 
 der schadelhtthle. des gehirns , concussion 
 of the brain, commotio cerebri, L., hirn- 
 erschiitterung; and wound of the brain, 
 hirmvunde. All these terms may be aal- 
 licized by conversion of the final is, us, and 
 a, of the Latin, into c. See Medicinisches 
 Le.tikon, p. 31718. 
 
 ENCEPHALOZOAIRES, s. m., and adj. pi., 
 Encephalozoa, L. : a term applied, by 
 Zoologists, to a division of the animal 
 kingdom ; comprehending those animals 
 which possess two nervous systems, one 
 ganglionic, the other, cerebro-spinal. 
 
 ENCHAHAXIE, s. f. iyz^^'^ enchar- 
 
 axis, f.L scarificiren, n.G. scarification. 
 
 EXCHYME, s. m., iyxtifiu, enchyma, 
 
 n. L., aufguss, m. G. : that which is 
 
 poured upon ; affusion ; an injection. 
 
 ENCHYMOME, s. f., ly^vftufta, enchy- 
 moma, n. L. : b'terally, the effusion of flu- 
 ids in the body ; but employed, by Patho- 
 logists, especially to designate spontaneous 
 ecchymosis, extravasation of blood, from 
 an internal cause, as violent emotions of 
 the mind. ENCHYMOSE, s. f., enchymo- 
 sis, f. L. : a term not synon., as described 
 by the French lexicographers, with but 
 expressive, according to Kraus, of the form- 
 ation of an Enchymome, die bildung des 
 ecchymoma, G. 
 
 ENCLAVE MENT, s. m., incuneatio, in- 
 clusio, f. L., einschliessen, n. G. : in Ob- 
 stetrics, the wedging, or impaclion, of the 
 head of the foetus in the superior aperture 
 of the pelvis of the mother. 
 
 EJTCLUME, s. f., incus, f. L., amboss, 
 m. G. : in Anatomy, one of the bones of 
 the internal ear, ossicula auditus, L. ; so 
 named from its imaginary resemblance to 
 an anvil. It consists of a body articulated 
 with the malleus ; and of two branches or 
 processes ; the shorter or horizontal branch 
 corresponding to the orifice of the mastoid 
 cells ; the vertical, united with the os orbi- 
 culare. It is developed by one point of os- 
 sification. 
 
 ENCLYSSIE, s. m., iyx.z.vffp.0., enclys- 
 ma, n. L. Synon. with CLYSTERE. 
 
 ENCCELIALGIE, EXCELIALGIE, s. f., 
 enccelialgia, f. (lynol^ia, the intestines, x- 
 yti, pain), L. bauchschmerz, m., schmerz 
 in den baucheinoeweiden, G., pain in the 
 bowels. ENCOZLITE, ENCELITE, s. f. en- 
 233 
 
 END 
 
 cceliitis, f. L., entziindung der bauchen- 
 geweide, G. Synon. with ENTERITE. 
 
 ENCOLPISME, s. m., encolpismus, m. 
 (tyxol-x'^ta, to press to the bosom, et etiam 
 in sinum mitliebrem immittere ; xeXfraj, 
 enim, a medicis Gratis serioris aevi, ad de- 
 signandam vuyiiue cavitatem adhibetur), 
 iujectio, vel immissio, rei cujusdam (medica- 
 mentarise) in vayinam, L., einbrinaen von 
 heilmitteln in die mutterscheide, G. 
 
 ENCOPE, s. m. F., f. L. 'fyxovri, ein. 
 sehnitt, m., schnittwunde, f. G. : an inci- 
 sion, or wound, made with a cutting in- 
 strument. 
 
 ENCYCLOPEDIE, s. f. lyxvx^afa^ua. (an 
 incorrect compound of lyxvx^tat, circular, 
 -railiia, education, instruction, science, 
 terms originally employed to designate 
 the course, or circle, of instruction in the 
 arts and sciences necessary to perfect a 
 Greek education), Encyclopaedia, f. L., 
 Encyklopadie, f. G. : a work undertaken, 
 commonly by an association of learned 
 men, to serve as a repository of the whole 
 circle of human knowledge. Such are the 
 celebrated Encyclopedic des Sciences, of 
 French , and the Edinburgh Encyclopae- 
 dia, of British Literature. Sometimes, 
 the term is applied to a publication com- 
 prehending the details of only one branch, 
 or department, of the sciences; as the Cy- 
 cloptedia of Practical Medicine, 8vo.. Lon- 
 don. ENCYCLOPEDIQUE, adj., encyclo- 
 pedian, pertaining to an Encyclopaedia. See 
 Encyklopddisches Wortei-buch der Medici- 
 nischen Wissenschaflen, von Grafe, Busch, 
 Hufeland, etc. Berlin, 1827- ENCYCLOPE- 
 DISTE, s. m., encyklopadist, m. G., en- 
 cyclopaedist : author or an Encyclopedia. 
 
 ENDECAGYNE, adj., endecagynus (?- 
 KK, eleven, yt/vrj, female), L., eilfweibig, 
 G., endecagynous : an epithet, in Bota- 
 ny, applied to a plant with eleven pistils : 
 as is ENDECAPHYLI.E, adj., endecaphyl- 
 lus (same, and puXAav, leaf,) L., eilfblatt- 
 
 rig, G., endecaphyllous, to a' plant 
 
 which, like Indigofera endecaphylla, has a 
 winged leaf composed of eleven leaflets. 
 
 ENDECANDRIE, s. f., endecandria, f. 
 (same, and vjg, a male), L. : a name ap- 
 plied, by Linnaeus, to an Order of plants, 
 whose flowers, -fleurs endecagynes, F., 
 
 eilfm'dnnige bliithen, G., are furnished 
 
 with eleven stamens. 
 
 ENDEMIQUE, adj., IvS^/aj (Iv, among, 
 "bvpo;, a people), endemicus, L., endem- 
 isch, G., endemic, domestic, native, pe- 
 culiar to a place or people : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to diseases which af- 
 fect particular situations, and commonly 
 result from the operation of local causes'; 
 as the plague and yellow fever of hot cli- 
 mates, the bronchocele and scrofula of hu- 
 mid and ague of marshy districts : in Bo- 
 tany, to plants, all the species of which,
 
 END 
 
 like the Cinchona: of South America, are 
 restricted, in their growth, to one country. 
 
 ENDOBRANCHES, s. m., and adj., pi., 
 Endobranchiata (ixSav, within, fya<y%ia, the 
 gills of fishes), L. : a term, or epithet, in 
 Zoology, applied, by Dume'ril, to a Family 
 of the ANNELIDES ; comprehending those 
 animals which exhibit no vestige of respi- 
 ratory organ on the exterior of the body. 
 
 ENDOCARDITE, s. f., endocarditis, f. 
 (svSov, within, xafi'ia, the heart), L,., car- 
 dite Interne, F., inflammation of the in- 
 ternal membrane of the heart. In like 
 manner, the new terms, ENDODONTITE, 
 ENDOGASTRITE, ENDONARTERITE, EN- 
 
 DONENTERITE, ENDOESPHAGITE, and EN- 
 
 DOPHLEBITE, feminine compounds of s'vSav 
 with emails, yttffrrifr fyrvgia, i vrigoti, alffotfia'yos, 
 and <p>. 4-, and latinized by the conversion 
 of the final e into is, are, by some French 
 lexicographers, employed, respectively, to 
 designate inflammation of the internal 
 membrane of the teeth, stomach, arteries, 
 intestinal canal, oesophagus, and veins. 
 
 ENDOCARPE, s. m., endocarpium, n. 
 (same, and **;, fruit), membrana in- 
 terna cortex internus peridii, L., in- 
 nenhaut, wandhaut, f. G. : a term applied, 
 in Botany, by Richard, to the membrane 
 which lines the internal cavity of the pe- 
 ricarp ; and which frequently acquires, as 
 in the almond and peach, an osseous or 
 stone-like consistence. 
 
 ENDOGENE, adj. (s"vSv, within, ysw&>, to 
 engender) : an epithet applied, by Decan- 
 dolie, to plants, ENDOGENES, pL, Endo- 
 gena, L. ; the vessels of which, instead of 
 lying concentrically round a cellular case, 
 as in the Exogena, are dispersed through 
 the whole stem, and so disposed that the 
 oldest and most indurated are exterior, 
 and the principal increase takes place /row 
 within. Such are the Monocotyledon ous 
 plants in general, and, more especially, 
 the Palms. 
 
 ENDOPLEVRE, s. f., endopleura (same, 
 and 5rXjuga, the pleura), tegmentum, n., 
 tunica interna, L., lederhaut, kernhaut, 
 f. G. : a term applied, by Decandolle, to 
 the internal pellicle of the seed of plants, 
 the integumentum interius, of Link, nu- 
 cleanium, of Tittman, and hiloferus, of 
 MirbeL Synon. with Endophore. 
 
 ENDOSE, s. f., tvSmns, endosis, f. L., 
 verminderung, f. G., remission. 
 
 ENDOSMOSE, s. f. endosmosis, f. (s'vSav, 
 within, utfi-os, impulse), L. : a phenome- 
 non, in Vegetable Physiology, discovered 
 by Dutrocnet ; for a description of which, 
 see his NouveUes Recherches sur FEndos- 
 mose et Exosmose, 8vo. Paris, 1828. EN- 
 
 DOSMOMETHE, s. m., endosmometrum 
 
 (same, and ftirpev, measure), L. : an in- 
 strument for exhibiting the phenomena of 
 endosmosis. 
 
 234 
 
 ENG 
 
 ENDOSPERME, s. m., endospermium, 
 n. (t vSov, ffv'i^a., seed), L. : a term incor- 
 rectly applied, by Richard, to a body dis- 
 tinct from the vegetable embryo, the pe- 
 risperm of Mirbel, and albumen, of other 
 Botanists. ENDOSPERMIQUE, adj., en- 
 dospermicus, L. : an epithet applied to 
 the vegetable embryo when accompanied 
 by the endosperm. 
 
 ENDUIT, s. m. : a term applied, in Pa- 
 thology, to the layer of adhesive matter, 
 commonly a product of morbid secretion, 
 which covers certain organs, especially the 
 tongue, interior of the mouth, and surface 
 of the skin. It exhibits many diversities 
 of colour, thickness, and consistence. 
 
 ENDURCISSEMENT du tissu cellulaire. 
 See SCLEREME. 
 
 ENEOREME, s. , enaeorema, n. (iva.ua- 
 fiaftxi, to float, to be suspended in), sive 
 nubecula, est crassamentum illud, das 
 wolkchen im urin, G., cloudlet in the mid- 
 dle of the urine, quod urinse innatat, vel 
 in urinse medio, nubecuhe instar, suspensum 
 continetur; et ab hypostasi, sive sedimen- 
 to, sola gravitate, differt : nubes, contra, 
 in superncie natat, L. 
 
 In summo est nubes ; subside! hypostasis imo: 
 Ast Enaiorema. permanet in medio. 
 
 ENERGIE, s. , lvgyc/a, energia, f. L., 
 energie, f. G., energy, activity, opera- 
 tion : a term frequently employed, in Phy- 
 siology, to express the active operation of 
 the various organs, as the brain, heart, 
 and stomach. ENEHGiauE, adj., mfy- 
 
 nxc;, energeticus, thatig, wirksam, 
 
 kraftig, active, powerful: Ex. ivi^ynrixa 
 Qtipju.ctxa, active medicines. 
 
 EN FANCE, s. , infantia, f. L., *//, 
 kindheit, f. G., infancy, childhood : in 
 Physiology, the period of human life 
 which extends from birth to the seventh 
 year. By some writers, this is termed 
 the first childhood, enf. premiere, F. With 
 them, the second, seconde enf., pueritia, 
 puerilitas, f. L., boy- or girlhood, com- 
 prehends the time intervening between 
 the seventh year and age of puberty. EN- 
 FANT, s. m., infans, parvulus, L., *eut, 
 kind, n. G., child. ENFANTEMENT, s. 
 m., parturitio, , puerperium, n. L. Syn. 
 with PARTURITION. 
 
 ENFLTJRE, s. m., inflatio, tumefactio, 
 L., geschwulst, f. G, : a popular syno- 
 nym of TUMEFACTION. 
 
 ENGAINANT, adj., vaginans, L. ein- 
 scheidend, G., sheathing : an epithet, in 
 Botany, applied to the parts, or organs, of 
 plants, by which other parts are envelop- 
 ed, as with a sheath. Thus, the leaves of 
 the Gramineee, and the petioles of Coslus 
 vaginatus, are termed, in French, engain- 
 ants, as embracing the stem ; and the tu- 
 bular androphore of Malva officinalis, as 
 forming a sheath around the pistil : and the
 
 ENN 
 
 item, or other organ of a plant, so envelop- 
 ed, is said to be ENGAINJ?, vaginal us, 
 eingescheidet, sheathed. 
 
 ENGASTRIMYSME, s. f., engastrimys- 
 mus, m. (v, in, yct,*??*^ belly, (wHo;, speech), 
 L. See VENTRIJ.OUUISME. ENGASTRI- 
 
 MYTHE, S. m., t'yyixa'reiftvfo;, t'yytxff'Tfif.t.eev- 
 
 TIS, engastrimythus, m. L. See VEN- 
 
 TR1LOQUISTE. 
 
 ENGELURE, s. f., pernio, m. L frost- 
 beule, f. G., chilblains. 
 
 ENGISSOME, s. m., iyy'icrwpu, engiso- 
 ma, n. L. See EMBAHRURE. 
 
 ENGORGEMENT, s. m., congestio, f., 
 plethora topica, L. : in Pathology, obstruc- 
 tion, and consequent tumefaction, result- 
 ing from an inordinate flow of blood to the 
 vessels of a part or organ. ENGORGE, adj., 
 congestus, affected with congestion. 
 
 ENGOUEMENT, s. m., obstructio, fl L., 
 verstopfung, f. G. : obstruction of the 
 cavities of an organ, as of the bronchia, or 
 intestinal canal, by an inordinate accumu- 
 lation of mucus, or feces. 
 
 ENGOURDISSEMENT, s. m., stupor, 
 
 torpor, m. L., erstarrung, f. G., numb- 
 ness, stupefaction: in Pathology, a sense 
 of weight, with diminution of sensibility 
 and power of motion, of any part of the 
 body ; as a paralysed limb. ENGOURDI, 
 
 adj., stupefactus, erstarret, stricken 
 
 with numbness or stupor. 
 
 ENKYSTEMENT, s. m. See CHATONNE- 
 MENT. ENKYSTE, adj., cystide inclu- 
 sus, L., in eine blase eingeschlossen, G., 
 encysted, enclosed in a cyst. 
 
 J^NNEAGYNIE, s. f., emieagynia, f. (Iv- 
 via, nine, yvvv,a. female), L. : an Order, in 
 the Sexual System of Linnaeus ; compre- 
 hending those plants, plantes enneagy- 
 
 niques, F., neunweibiye ptianzen, G., 
 which exhibit nine pistils. 
 
 ENNEANDRIE, s. f., F. and G. enne- 
 andria, f. (tva, av?, a male), L. : the 
 name of the ninth Class, and two Orders, 
 in the Sexual System of Linnaeus ; com- 
 prizing those plants, plantes ennean- 
 
 driques, F., whose flowers, flores enne- 
 andri, L., neunm'dnnige bliithen, G., are 
 furnished with nine male oryans or stamens. 
 
 ENNEAPETALE, adj., enneapetalus (Iv- 
 v'ta, nine, <*-<rXov, a petal), L. : an epithet 
 applied, in Botany, to a plant whose corol- 
 la is composed of nine petals ; as ENNEA- 
 SEPALE, adj., to those, whose calyx con- 
 sists of nine pieces or sepals. In like man- 
 ner, the new adjectives, ENNEAPHYLLE, 
 enneaphyllus, L., neunblattrig, G., 
 
 and ENNEASPERME, enneaspermus, 
 
 neunsaamig, compounds of Iwsa with puA- 
 xv and <rxi{tai, are respectively employ- 
 ed to designate plants whose leaves, like 
 those of O.mlis enneaphytta, consist of nine 
 leaflets ; or whose fruit, like that of loni- 
 dium enncaspermum, contains nine seeds. 
 
 235 
 
 ENT 
 
 ENRIIYTHME, adj., f^fns, en- 
 
 rhythmus, L., regelmassig, ordentlich, 
 G., rpgular : an epithet opposed, in sig- 
 nification, to ECRHYTHME. 
 
 ENROUEMENT, s. in. See RAITCITE. 
 
 EN&IFORJIE, adj., ensiformis, L., 
 
 schwerdformig, G., ensiform, exhibiting 
 the figure of a sword, ensis, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the lesser 
 
 alae, Apophyscs ensiformes, F., of the 
 
 sphenoid bone : 2. to the cartilaginous ap- 
 pendix, Appendice ou cartilage ensiforme, 
 F., cartilage ensiformis, L der schiverd- 
 
 formiye knorpel, G., see XYPHOIDE, 
 
 which terminates, interiorly, the human 
 sternum ; and 3. sometimes to the entire 
 sternum itself, os ensiforme, F. and L. : 
 in Botany, to the leaves of plants, plantes 
 ensifblies, F schwerdtbl'dttrige pflanzen, 
 G whose leaves, like those oi'Juncus ensi- 
 Jblius, exhibit the figure of sword or sabre. 
 
 ENSISTERNAL, s. m. and adj ensister- 
 nalis, L. : a term applied, by Beclard, to 
 the lower portion of the human sternum. 
 
 ENTAILLE, s. f., incisio, f. L., ein- 
 schnitt, m. G. : in Surgical Pathology, a 
 deep incision, or wound, produced by a 
 cutting instrument: also a term, syn. with 
 taillade, employed to designate the deep 
 scarifications sometimes inflicted on a tu- 
 mified part or organ, as on the tongue, in 
 certain cases of glossitis, with a view of 
 accomplishing its speedy reduction. 
 
 ENTEHADENES, s. f., pi. (s'Wsgav, an in- 
 testine, Siv, a gland), F., and L., die 
 darmdriisen, G., the intestinal glands. 
 ENTERADENOGRAPHIE, s. fl, enteradeno- 
 graphia, f. (same, and y^aip^, I describe), 
 L., anatomical description of ; ENTK- 
 RADENOLOGIE, s. f., enteradenologia, f. 
 (same, and x'o<yo;, discourse), L., treatise 
 upon these glands. 
 
 ENTERALGIE, s.f., enteralgia, f. (ttrt- 
 jov, lixyos, pain), L., darmschmerz, m. 
 G.. pain in the intestines. 
 
 ENTEKANGiEMFHRAxiEjS.f., anteran- 
 giemphraxis, f. L. : according to Kraus, a 
 
 compound of s'Ws^ov with Angemphraxis. 
 
 see ANGEMPHRAXIE ; and, consequently, 
 signifying obstruction of the intestinal ves- 
 sels, verstopfung der darmgefdsse, G. The 
 French lexicographers, on the contrary, 
 respresent the term as compounded ofi'vn- 
 fvj ny^ta, to strangle, ifttpguirfftu, to ob- 
 struct ; and, hence, designative of obstruc- 
 tion of the bowels, from strangulation. 
 
 ENTERELESIE, s. , enterelesia, f. L. : 
 a term applied, by Alibert, to the pain 
 resulting from invagination, or strangu- 
 lation, of the bowels. It is arranged among 
 the Enteroses, which constitute the second 
 Family of the Nosologie Naturette. 
 
 ENTERENCHYTA, s. f., enterenchyta 
 (s"T^y, and x,ivca, to pour, to effuse), L. 
 klysterspritze, f. G. : a clyster-syringe.
 
 ENT 
 
 ENTERIQUE, adj. hrigixo!, entericus, 
 L., enteric. Synon. with INTESTINAL. 
 
 ENTEHITE, s. f., enteritis, f. (s'Wigav), 
 L., darmentziindung, f. G., inflamma- 
 tion ofthe boweh. By German medical wri- 
 ters, the Latin terms, Enterelcosis, and En- 
 teremphraxis, ENTERELCOSE, and ENTE- 
 REMPHRAXIE, s. f., F. ? modern com- 
 pounds of/Wifw with t '*.xuff -is, and t'ftipga.%- 
 n, are employed to respectively designate 
 ulceration, darmgeschwur,n. G., and 06- 
 struction of the bowels. 
 
 ENTEROCELE, s. f., enterocele (s'Wijav, 
 *u'x), an hernial swelling), L,., -darm- 
 bruch, m. G., intestinal hernia, the EN- 
 TEROCELIE, s. f., of Alibert. 
 
 ENTERO-CYSTOCELE, s. f., enterocys- 
 tocele (s'Wsgav, xvffTis, bladder, and x!xj), 
 L., darm- und harnblasenbruch, m. G 
 hernia formed by the intestine and bladder. 
 
 ENTERO-E'PIPI.OCELE, s. f., entero-e- 
 piplocele (t vngn, isnVXaav, omentum, 
 xj'xj), L., netz- und darmbruch, m. G., 
 hernia containing both intestine and omen- 
 tum. ENTERO-EPIPI.OSIPHAI.E, s. , en- 
 tero-epiplomphalus, m. (i vr^av, sw/a-Xwv, 
 oftQtttii, the navel), L.., netzdarmnab- 
 elbruch, m. G., umbilical hernia, formed 
 by intestine and omentum, more correctly 
 written Enterepiplomphalocele, by Kraus. 
 ENTEROGASTROCELE, s. f., enterogastro- 
 cele ( yrsjav, >ya,ffrr>i>, the belly, xjjXw ), 
 L.., bauchbruch, darmbauchbruch, m. G. 
 ventral or abdominal hernia, protrusion 
 of intestine through a breach, or opening, 
 in the abdominal muscles, prolapsus intes- 
 tinorum per hiatum quendam in musculis 
 abdominal thus, L., ein vortreten von d'drm- 
 en zwischen den iawcAmuskeln : also, ac- 
 cording to Kraus, hernia of the intestines 
 and stomach, darm- und magenbruch, G. 
 
 ENTEROGRAPHIE, s. f., enterographia, 
 f. (s'Wsgav, y^a.<fu, I describe), L., de- 
 scription of : ENTEROLOGIE, s. f., en- 
 terologia, f. (same, and xyof, discourse), 
 L., treatise on the intestines. 
 
 ENTERO-HYDROCELE, s. f., entero-hy- 
 drocele (s'Wjjav, ufyaxfan, dropsy of the 
 scrotum), enterydrocele, L., darm- und 
 wasserbruch, m., die verbindung eines 
 darm- und wasserbruches, G. complication 
 of intestinal hernia with dropsy of the sac, 
 or with hydrocele. ENTERO-HYDROM- 
 PHALE, s. f., entero-hydromphalus, m. 
 (fvrigav, tftaf , water, o^^aXoy, the navel), 
 L,., coniplication of umbilical hernia with 
 dropsy of the sac. ENTERO-!SCHIOCELE, 
 
 s. t, entero-ischiocele (same, and if%iei>, 
 
 ischium), L., ischiatic intestinal hernia. 
 
 ENTE'BO-LITHIASIE, s. f. entero-lithia- 
 sis, f. (tvrteev, x/4/aavj, formation of stone), 
 L., steinbildung im darmkanal, G., for- 
 mation of stones enterolithi, m. L -darm- 
 steine, m. G., intestinal concretions, in 
 the intestinal canal. 
 23G 
 
 ENT 
 
 ENTERO-MEROCKLE, s. f., entero-me- 
 rocele (s'Wejav, putts, the thigh, *?x, 
 hernia), L., schenkeldarmbruch, m. G., 
 
 crural hernia formed by intestine. 
 ENTERO-MESENTERIQUE, adj. : an epi- 
 
 thet, in Pathology, applied, by Petit and 
 Serres, to the adynamic fever of Pinel, on 
 account of the ulceration of the mucous 
 membrane of the small intestines, and en- 
 largement of the mesenteric glands, with 
 which it is connected. 
 
 ENTEROMIASIE, s. f., enteromiasis, f. 
 L., disease produced, and kept up by : 
 ENTEROSE, s. f., enterosis, f, L disease 
 of the intestines. Synon. with ENTEROPA- 
 THIE, s. f., enteropathia, f. (tV^av, *.- 
 fas, disease), L-v-darmleiden, n., eine krank- 
 helt der eingeweide, G. 
 
 ENTEROMPHALE, s. f., enteromphalus, 
 m. (t'Wsgav, the intestine, o^ipaXoy, the na- 
 vel), L., nabeldarmbruch, m. G., umbi- 
 lical hernia, formed by intestine. 
 
 ENTEROPERISTOLE, s. f., enteroperis- 
 tole (i"vrtov, ^;<rsXXs/, to compress or 
 contract), L/., strangulation of the bowels. 
 
 ENTEROPHLOGIE, s. f., enterophlogia, 
 f. (same, and <pxay&r<f, inflammation), L. 
 Synon. with ENTERITE. 
 
 ENTEROPYRIE, s. , enteropyria, f. 
 (same, and vvg, fever), Ij. : a designation 
 applied, by Alibert, to the mesenteric fever, 
 of Baglivi, the enter o-mesenteric, of Petit 
 and Serres. 
 
 ENTERORAPHE, ENTERORAPHIE, s. f. 
 enteroraphia, f. (same, and pa<p>t, suture), 
 L., darmnaht, f. G., suture of a wound 
 of the intestines. 
 
 ENTERORRHAGIE, s. f., enterorrhagia, 
 f. (same, and pYiywpi, to burst forth), L., 
 enterorrhagie, f., ein blutfluss aus den d'drm- 
 en, G., intestinal haemorrhage. ENTE- 
 RORRHEE, s. f., enterorrhosa, f. (same, 
 and piu, to flow), L. : a term applied, by 
 Alibert, to Diarrhoea. It constitutes the 
 second genus of the Enteroses, in the No- 
 sologie Naturelle. 
 
 ENTKRO-SARCOCELE, s. f., entero-sar- 
 cocele (t vrsjav, ffa^Koxri^n, sarcocele), L., 
 
 darmfleischbruch, m. G., intestinal her- 
 nia complicated with sarcocele. ENTEROS- 
 CHEOCELE, s. f., enteroscheocele (same, 
 and 8a-^, the scrotum, xj'x, hernia), L., 
 
 darmhodensacksbruch, m. G., scrotal 
 hernia formed by intestine. Kraus also em- 
 ploys the modern Latin compound, Enle- 
 
 j-, 
 
 s. f. ? as designative of hernia of the in- 
 testine and bladder in the scrotum, ein 
 darm- und harnblasenbruch im hodensack, G. 
 ENTEROTOMIE, s. f., enterotomia, f. 
 (s'Wtgav, rap*, incision), darmschnitt, m. 
 G. : in Anatomy, dissection of the intes- 
 tines : in Surgery, incision of the bowel, for 
 the removal of strangulation, or a contract- 
 ed or imperforate portion. ENTE"BOTOME,
 
 ENT 
 
 s. m., enterotomus, m. (same), L., en- 
 terotom, n. G. ? : an instrument destined 
 for the performance of such operation. 
 
 ENTHLASIE, s. , i vfaaris, enthlasis, 
 f. L., schadeleindruck, m. G.:in Surgical 
 Pathology, a comminutive/cocftire of the 
 cranium, with depression of the fragments. 
 Three varieties of eulhlanis were distin- 
 guished by the Ancients : Ecpiesme, Em- 
 barrure, et Cameration, F. 
 
 ENTOHYAL, s. m. : a term applied, by 
 Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, toan intermediate bone 
 sometimes existing between the body and 
 cornu of the hyoid apparatus. 
 
 ENTOMOLOGIK, s. , entomologia, 
 (j'Wa^av, an insect, x'oyos, discourse), L., 
 insectenkunde, insectenlehre, f. G. : that 
 branch of Zoology which treats upon in- 
 sects. See British Entomology^ by John 
 Curtis, 8vo. London, 1824, 1835. EN- 
 TOMOLOGiauE, adj entomologus, L., 
 entomoloffie betreffend, G., entomologi- 
 cal : relating to Entomology. 
 
 ENTONNOIR, s. m., infundibulum, n. 
 L,. : a term applied, in Anatomy, to divers 
 parts of the body which exhibit a real or 
 imaginary resemblance to a. funnel, trich- 
 ter, m. G. ; as 1. a conical prolongation of 
 the base of the third cerebral ventricle, 
 Venton. du ventricule moyen du cerveau, F., 
 which extends to the pituitary body : 2. 
 the anterior cell of the ethmoid bone, 1'- 
 enton. de relhmo'ide, communicating with 
 the frontal sinuses and nasal fossae : 3. the 
 dilated portion of the fimbriated extremi- 
 ty, pavilion, F., of the Fallopian tube : 
 and 4. the membranous sac see CALICE, 
 which envelopes each papilla of the kid- 
 ney. In Surgery, a funnel -shaped instru- 
 ment employed in the direction of vapours, 
 or the actua'l cautery, to diseased parts. 
 ENTORSE, s. , distorsio, f. L., $<- 
 
 rgixpri, verrenkung,f.G twist or sprain: 
 
 in Surgical Pathology, the violent wrench- 
 ing of the soft parts and ligaments which 
 surround a ginglymoid articulation; some- 
 times attended with rupture of the lateral 
 ligaments. 
 
 ENTOZOAIRES, s. m., pi., entozoaria 
 (Ivrof , within, &OY, an animal), L. : a term 
 applied, by Rudolphi, to a Class of the a- 
 nimal kingdom, comprehending those spe- 
 cies, the intestinal worms, eingeweiden- 
 wurmer, G., which infest the interior of 
 the bodies of other animals. See Rudolphi, 
 Entozoorum Synopsis, 8vo. Berolini, 1819. 
 ENTRAILLES, s. f. pi. TO. t">r^a, /r^-^ay- 
 %'ia., exta, n. L., eingeweide, n. G. en- 
 trails : a popular designation of the organs 
 contained in the splanchnic cavities, and 
 especially of the abdominal viscera. 
 
 ENTREN^EUD, s. m., internodium, n. 
 L., zweischenknoten, n. G. : a term, in 
 Botany, applied to the interspace compriz- 
 ed between two knots of a vegetable stem. 
 
 237 
 
 EPA 
 
 ENTRTCHOMA, s. m. F., n. L., \vr^> 
 %&>[j.ct : the extreme border of the eye-lids 
 into which the lashes are inserted. 
 
 ENTYPOSE, s. , ivrvvwa-is, entyposis, 
 f. L. : the glenoid cavity of the scapula. 
 
 ENUCLEATION, s. f., enucleatio, f. (e- 
 nucleare, to take out a kernel), L. : in Sur- 
 gery, a peculiar mode of extirpation of 
 tumours, recommended by Percy. It con- 
 sists in extracting the morbid growth, 
 through a simple incision of the integu- 
 ments, by cautious isolation with the fin- 
 ger, from the surrounding cellular struc- 
 ture : in Pharmacy, the extrication of the 
 vegetable kernel from its containing shell. 
 
 ENURESIE, s. f., enuresis, f. (\v/>v%iu, to 
 have incontinence of urine), L. excretion 
 involontaire incontinence de Furine, F., 
 unwillkiihrlicher harnabgang, G. 
 
 ENVELOPPE, s. , XI^KO.^^^^ invo- 
 lucrum, n. L., hiille, f. G., envelope or 
 wrapper : a term applied, in Botany, 1. 
 to a layer of cellular tissue env. herbacee, 
 F., which, situated immediately below 
 the epidermis of the stem of dicotyledo- 
 nous plants, connects it with the cortical 
 layers : 2. to the assemblage of parts, e. 
 jlorales, see PERIGONE, which surround 
 the sexual organs of plants; and 3. to 
 those, e.seminales,Y., which invest the 
 kernel of the seed. ENVEI.OPPANT, adj., 
 involvens, einhullend, enveloping. 
 ENVELOPPE,adj involutus, eingehiillt, 
 enveloped. 
 
 ENVIE, s. f. : a term employed, by the 
 French, to designate, 1., the congenital 
 marks, taches de naissance, nsevi, L., 
 muttermahle, G., frequently exhibited 
 by children, and vulgarly supposed to re- 
 sult from some wish, or moral emotion, 
 experienced by the mother, during preg- 
 nancy : 2. a depravation of the appetite, 
 see PICA : and 3. a portion of epidermis de- 
 tached in the vicinity of the finger-nails. 
 
 ENZOOTIE, s. f., F. and G., enzootia, 
 f. (It, among, , an animal), L. : a term 
 applied to those diseases which simultane- 
 ously attack the different animals of a 
 country. Enzooticus, adj. L., enzootie be- 
 treffend, G.. enzootie. 
 
 EPANCHEMENT, s. m., effusio, L., - 
 ausgiessung, f. G., effusion : in Patholo- 
 gy, the pouring out, and accumulation, of 
 an animal fluid into a cavity, natural or 
 accidental, not destined to receive it. If 
 the fluid be poured into the cellular struc- 
 ture, the process is termed infiltration. 
 
 EPANOTJISSEMEXT, s. m. : a term in Bo- 
 tany, see EFFLORESCENCE. EPANOTTJ, 
 to a flower when 
 developed, 
 scapula, JL., 
 schulter, f. G., shoulder: in Zoology, 
 that part of the thoracic extremity of Ver- 
 tebrated Animals nearest to the trunk ;
 
 EPH 
 
 and, according to Kirby, the second joint 
 of the anterior legs of Inserts. The most 
 prominent point of the shoulder is termed, 
 in French, moignon de Vepaule ; the cavity 
 below, le creux de FAisselle. 
 
 EPERI.AN, s. m. : a modern genus, in 
 Ichthyology, Osmerus ( Malacopterygiens, 
 abdominaux, Cuv.), L., der Stint, G., 
 the Smelt, comprehendirg a few species, 
 which formerly constituted a sub-genus of 
 the Linnsean genus, Salmo. The principal 
 species, O. eperlan us, epcr. ordinaire,^ 
 grosser stint, G., common smelt, inha- 
 bits the estuaries of rivers ; is gregarious ; 
 remarkable for the iridescent splendour of 
 its colouring, and violet-like odour. A 
 larger fish, said to be a variety of this spe- 
 cies, is described and figured, under the 
 name of ep. demcr, p. 16'4, pi. Ixviii, of the 
 Ichthyologie, by Bonnaterre, forming part 
 of the Tableau Encyclopidique et Method, 
 des Trois Regnes de la Nature. Paris, 1J88. 
 
 EPERON, s. m., xivr^av, calcar, n. L., 
 sporn, m. G., spur : in Botany, the 
 tubular prolongation of the corolla, calyx, 
 or perigone, of certain plants, as exempli- 
 fied, respectively, in the genera, Linaria, 
 Balsamina, awd Orchis ; or of ihe anthers, 
 as in Arthrostemma calcaratnm : in Zoolo- 
 gy, the spur-like process which exists on 
 the posterior part of the tarsus of divers 
 Birds, especially the Gallinaceae ; and on 
 the metacarpal bone of the Jacans, species 
 of the genus, Parra, among the Grallte : 
 also, the moveable spines inserted in the 
 extremity, or middle, of the tarsus of some 
 Insects. EPEHONNE, adj., calcaratus, 
 gespornt, spurred, furnished with a spur. 
 
 EPHEBE, s. m., ephebus (i*i, towards, 
 ?), puberty), L., jungling, m. G. : a 
 term, in Physiology, applied to young per- 
 sons, l i"$oi, of either sex, on tneir 
 attaining the age of puberty, ItpuSiiec, pu- 
 bertas, ., das jugendliche alter, G. See 
 ADOLESCENCE. 
 
 EPHELCE, s. f., ephelcis (*, upon, 
 "x*f, an ulcer), L. : the crust, or scab, 
 which covers a sore, die kruste, oder bor- 
 ke, auf einem geschwur, G. : also, a coagu- 
 lum of blood ejected by cough. 
 
 EpHELiDE,s.f ephelis (lp;ijj, freckles, 
 tan, sun-burns, die sonnenflecken, som- 
 mersprossen, G.), L. : a genus of Cutane- 
 ous diseases belonging to the Order, Macu- 
 la, of Willan. See Bateraan's Synopsis, 
 p. 320. Alibert, Traite Complet des Ma- 
 ladies de la Peau, describes three species, 
 Eph. lentiforme, hepatique, et scorbu- 
 tique, F., ephelis lentigo, hepaticus, et 
 scorbuticus, L. Each of these compre- 
 hends two varieties, respectively distin- 
 guished by the epithets, solaire et ignfule ; 
 persistante et fugitive ; noire et la panachee. 
 
 EPHKMKRE, adj., ifjfups, epheme- 
 
 rus, L., eintatig, G., ephemeral : an e- 
 238 
 
 EPI 
 
 pithet applied, in Pathology, to diseases, 
 and especially a kind of fever, EPHKMK- 
 HOPYRE, s. f., ephemeropyra, f. (iif^t^ai, 
 sruj, fever), febris ephemera, L ein ein- 
 t'dtiges fieber, G., which lasts only one 
 day ; and to a poison, if'/.pioov <p/icpa.x.ov. 
 which proves fatal within a day : in Bota- 
 ny, to plants which, as Afiaricus eplieme- 
 rus, and to flowers, fleurs t-phf meres, F., 
 which, like those of the night-blowing Ce- 
 reus, Cactus grandijtorus, .are evolved, 
 and wither, in a day. 'Etyvfiigii : a day-book, 
 or daily register, ephemeris, f., epheme- 
 rides (die ephemeriden, G.), pi. : lilellus in 
 quo acta quotidiana continentur, L. 
 
 KPHIALTE, s. m., I<f>/XTi? (Ip/aXA**, to 
 lay upon, to seize or gripe), ephialtes, I,., 
 alp, in., alpdriicken, n. G., nightmare. 
 See CAUCHEMAR, and INCUBE. The Pi- 
 ony, Paeonia officinalis, was termed 'apictXTia., 
 by the Greeks, from its supposed efficacy 
 in preventing nightmare. 
 
 EPHIDROSE, s. f., sp^aur/;, ephidro- 
 sis, f. L., schwitzen, n. G., perspira- 
 tion : according to Hippocrates, an imper- 
 fect critical sweat, ein unkritischer 
 
 schweiss, G. 
 
 EPHIPPION, s. m., ephippium, n. (i<p(V- 
 vries, on a horse), L. : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the sella turcica, selle tur- 
 ciqxe, F., of the sphenoid bone, der 
 tiirkensaZteZ am' keilbeine, G. 
 
 EPI, s. m. : in Surgery, a bandage, so 
 named from the resemblance which it ex- 
 hibits, to an ear of barley, un epi d"oroc, 
 F., spica hordei, L.: in Botany, an assem- 
 blage of sessile, or nearly sessile, flowers, 
 spica, f. L., <rrd%vs, ahre, f. G., ear or 
 spike, on a common simple axis or foot- 
 stalk; as exemplified in several of the ce- 
 real plants, and Lavandula spica. EPIE, 
 adj., spicatus, ahrenformig, spiked. 
 
 EPICARPE, s. m., epicarpium, n. L. : 
 in Therapeutics, the name of a topical ir- 
 ritant, armband, n. G., applied, by the 
 Ancients, upon the icrist (i-x-i, upon, xetgros, 
 the carpus), for the cure of fever : in Bo- 
 tany, the term applied, by Richard, to the 
 epidermis, or membrane (la-i, upon, xx^es, 
 the fruit), fruchtoberhaut, fruchthiille, 
 fruchtrinde, f. G cortex peridii, of Link, 
 which invests the/rwif. 
 
 EPICAUME,S. m. iyrixetufta, epicauma, 
 n. L. Synon. with EKCAUME. 
 
 EPIcfcRASTIQUE, adj., ifixigitff'riKCf, 
 
 demulcent, soothing : an epithet applied, 
 in Materia Medica, to remedies, remedia 
 
 epicerastica, L., mtidernde, verdiinnend-e 
 
 mittel, G., which, as diluent and muci- 
 laginous liquids, are supposed to diminish, 
 or obtund, the acrimony of the humours. 
 
 EPICHOLE, adj. , lv!%a*.i>(, epicholus. 
 Synon. with BILIEUX. 
 
 EPICHORDE, s. in., sV/^ojS/j, epichor- 
 dis, f. L-, the mesentery.
 
 EPI 
 
 ' EPICHORION, s. m. (M, upon, xfyiov, the 
 skin, but more especially the exterior 
 membrane of the fetus), F., and n. L.: an 
 antiquated synonym of epidermis: the 
 term applied, by Chaussier, to the decidu- 
 ous membrane of the ftetus. 
 
 EPICHORIQUE, adj., lvi%ugios (**', up- 
 on, %&>gt/>v, a place), epichorius, L. local, 
 peculiar to a place or country. Synon. with 
 ENDEMIOUE. 
 
 EPICLINE, adj., epiclinus (I*/, upon, 
 *X;K, a bed), L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Mirbel, to the nectary of plants, when it is 
 placed, as in Mmyanthes and the Labiatce, 
 on the receptacle of the flower. 
 
 EPICOELE, s. f., ivixuXiov, palpebra 
 
 superior, D., oberes augenlied, G., the 
 upper eye-lid. 
 
 Epieoi.iQ.uK, adj,, epicolicus (iv), up- 
 on, xxv, the large intestine), L. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Anatomy, to those parts 
 of the abdominal region which are situated 
 on, or contiguous to, the colon : Ex. Regio 
 epicolica, L., die gegend iiber dem kolon, 
 um den grimmdarm, G. epicolic region. 
 
 EPICONDYLE, s. m., epicondylus, m. 
 (I*/, upon, xovSvXas, the condyle), L. : a 
 name applied, by Chaussier, to an emi- 
 nence which exists on the outer side of 
 the cubital extremity of the humerus ; 
 from its situation above the lesser head of 
 that bone, to which the Professor has as- 
 signed the term, CONDYLE. The epicon- 
 dyle affords attachment to the exterior la- 
 teral ligament of the humero-cubital arti- 
 culation, and to a strong tendon into which 
 several muscles of the posterior region of 
 the fore-arm are inserted. 
 
 EpicoNDYLO-CusiTAL, s. m. and adj. 
 epicondylo-cubitalis,L. : a term applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Anconeus muscle, see AN- 
 CONE; as extending, from the epicondyle, to 
 the cubitus. In like manner, the terms, E- 
 PICONDYLO-RADIAL, epicondylo-radialis, 
 
 Li., EPICONDYLO-SUS-METACARPIEN, 
 
 epicondylo-supra-metacarpianus, EPI- 
 
 CONDYLO-SlTS-PHALANGETTIEX COMMUK, 
 
 epicondylo-supra-phalangettianus com- 
 
 munis, and EPICONDYLO-SUS-PHALAN- 
 
 GETTIEN du petit doigf, epicondylo-su- 
 pra-phalangettianus minimi digiti, are 
 employed, in the reformed anatomical no- 
 menclature of Chaussier, to designate, re- 
 spectively, from their points of attach- 
 ment, the Supinator radii brevis, see Su- 
 PINATEUR ; Extensor Carpi radialis brevi- 
 or, see RADIAL ; and the Extensor digito- 
 rum communis, and Ext. proprius minimi 
 digiti, muscles, see EXTENSEUB. 
 
 EPICRANE, s. m., faixgetw, epicrani- 
 um, n. Li. : a term employed, in Anatomy, 
 to designate divers parts which are situat- 
 ed upon the cranium ; as the common in- 
 tegument, die schadelhaut,schadelhaube, 
 G. ; and the tendinous expansion, calotte 
 
 239 
 
 EPI 
 
 aponevrotique, F., galea aponeurotica, L., 
 sehnenhaube, G., of the occij>iio-fron- 
 talis muscle : in Zoology, the superior of 
 the six pieces which constitute the erani- 
 
 um of Insects. EPICRANIEN, adj I-TIK^K- 
 
 mas, epicranius, epicranial: an epithet 
 applied to parts which are situated on the 
 skull , as Aponerrose epicranienne, F. the 
 tendon of the Occipito-frontalis ; Muscle 
 epicranien, the muscle itself. Under the 
 latter term, the occipito-frontalis, thefronto- 
 nasalis, of Chaussier, and the attollens and 
 anterior auris, are comprehended by Portal. 
 
 EPICRASE, s. f., ivrixgKins, epicrasis, f. 
 L. : the cure of diseases by soothing and 
 demulcent remedies. 
 
 EPICRISE, s. f., ifixfio-is, epicrisis, f. 
 L., epikrise, f. G.,_ the judgment, ap- 
 preciation founded upon scientific princi- 
 ples, of the causes, character, treatment, 
 and probable issue of a disease. 
 
 EPIDEJIIE, s. f., iv&ypiia. ({}, among, 
 Inpos, a people), epidemia, L.,_epide- 
 mie, volkskrankheit, f. G , epidemy : a 
 disease which simultaneously attacks a great 
 number of the inhabitants of the same dis- 
 trict ; and is ordinarily dependent on some 
 noxious condition of atmosphere or food. 
 EPIDEMIQUE, adj., epidemicus, epide- 
 misch, epidemic : Ex. Maladie epidemique, 
 
 F., IviSrifttos tiotro;, an epidemic disease 
 
 The new terms, EPIDEMIOGHAPHIE, and 
 EPIDEMIOLOGIE, s. ,_ epidemiographia. 
 et epidemiologia, f. L compounds of i-n. 
 ^tia. with ^a<f> M , and Aoy 5 ,_might be 
 introduced into French medical literature 
 as respectively designative of a description 
 of, and Treatise on, epidemic diseases. 
 
 EPIDERME, s. m., l-r,^^ epider- 
 mis, f. L., oberhautchen, n. G cuticle : 
 
 in Anatomy, the delicate and transparent 
 membrane, which, destitute of nerves and 
 blood-vessels, invests the whole surface of 
 the skin, with the exception of the points 
 occupied by the nails : in Botany, the thin 
 and ordinarily colourless pellicle, which 
 covers the exterior of plants, and is readi- 
 ly detached from the vegetable structure. 
 EPIDERMIQUE, adj., belonging, or relat- 
 ing, to the epidermis. The epidermic Sys- 
 tem, Systeme epidermique, F., termed 
 
 ipidermmde by Bichat, constitutes an Or- 
 der of the organic tissues in his Anatomie 
 Generals ; and comprehends 1. the exterior 
 epidermis ; 2. the interior, reflected upon 
 the mucous membranes ; and 3. the nails, 
 which may be regarded as the epidermis of 
 the subjacent skin. EPIDERMOIDE, adj. 
 
 epidermoides, L. oberhautartig, G epi- 
 
 dermoid, resembling the epidermis. 
 
 EPIDESE, s. f. itrfttns, epidesis, f. L.: 
 in Surgery, the binding up of a wound, 
 das verbinden einer wunde, G. : also, the 
 ligature of a wounded vessel, die unter- 
 bindung eines verletzten gefasses. EPI-
 
 EPI 
 
 DESME, s. m., Ivfiitrfto;, epidesmus, m. 
 L., a bandage, or ligature. 
 
 EFIDIDYME, s. m. ivtitivpus (M, upon, 
 $tiv/u.as, the testis), epididymis, f. L. ne- 
 benhode, f . G. : in Anatomy, an oblong, 
 vermiform body, situated on the superior 
 border of the testicle. It consists of a tube, 
 many times reflected upon itself; which 
 receives all the seminiferous trunks, and 
 forms the commencement of the vas defe- 
 rens. Its length, when unravelled, is es- 
 timated at thirty-two feet. It is supplied 
 by a considerable branch from the sperma- 
 tic artery. Its veins and lymphatics unite 
 with those of the spermatic chord. 
 
 EPIDOSE, s. f. \iriSuvis, epidosis, f. .L. 
 zugabe, f. G. increase ; as of a disease, 
 die zunahme einer krankheit, G. 
 
 EPIDHOME, s. f , ivrfyopii, epidrome, 
 epidromia, f. L. : in Pathology, the afflux 
 of humours, and particularly congestion of 
 blood, to any part of the body, der anlauf 
 der safte, bes. die congestion des bluts, an 
 einem theile des korpers, G. 
 
 EPIGASTRE, s. m l-riyayr^im, epigas- 
 trium, n. L., oberbauch, m. G. : in Ana- 
 tomy, the superior part of the abdominal 
 region (s^n, above, ya-ffr^, the stomach), 
 comprized between two transverse lines : 
 one, drawn below the ensiform cartilage ; 
 the other, a little above the navel. EPI- 
 GAST RALGIE, s. f.,-^-epigastralgia, f. (I^yair- 
 -<av, -oAyoj, pain), L. : pain in the epigas- 
 trium. 
 
 EPIGASTRIQUE, adj., l^iyaffr^ias, epi- 
 gastricus, L., den oberschmeerbauch be- 
 treffend, G., epigastric, concerning the 
 epigastrium : an epithet applied, in Anato- 
 my, 1. to the superior region of the abdo- 
 men, reg. epigastrique, F., regio epigas- 
 trica, L. die oberbauchgegend, G. ; which, 
 synon. with EPIGASTRE, is subdivided in- 
 to three regions, a central, the proper epi- 
 gastrium ; and two lateral, see HYPO- 
 CHONDRE : 2. to an artery, artere epigas- 
 triqne (art. sus-pubienne, Ch.), arteria e- 
 pigaslrica,-~ untere bauchdeckenschlagader, 
 G. ; which, arising from the external iliac, 
 sometimes by a trunk common to it and 
 the obturator, about the level of the cru- 
 ral arch, passes, upwards and inwards, be- 
 hind the spermatic chord ; and, following 
 the external border of the Rectus abdomi- 
 nis muscle, anastomozes, about the umbi- 
 licus, with the internal mammary artery : 
 and 3. to a vein, veine epigastrique, 
 which, exhibiting a like disposition, pours 
 its contents into the external iliac. 
 
 EPIGASTROCELE, s. f. (lT-iya.ffr^ai, the 
 epigastrium, *'A, hernia), F., and L., 
 hernia in the epigastrium, whether foi med 
 by the stomach, see GASTROCELE, or 
 otherwise. 
 
 EPIGIGNOMENE, s. m. (tviyiyve/j.a.i, to 
 succeed to) : a term applied, in Patholo- 
 
 240 
 
 EPI 
 
 gy, to symptoms epigignomena, L. which 
 supervene in the progress of a disease ; and 
 are attributable to some error committed 
 by the patient, or his attendants. 
 
 EPIGLOTTE, s. f. i-xi-y^ur*};, epiglot- 
 tis, f. L. kehldeckel, m. G. : in Anatomy, 
 a thin, flexible, elastic, flattened, and some- 
 what oval-shaped, fibro-cartilage ; which, 
 fixed, by its lesser and lower extremity, 
 to the superior border of the thyroid car- 
 tilage and base of the tongue, covers the 
 rima glottidis (ivi, upon, yXwrrif, the orifice 
 of the windpipe), so as to prevent the in- 
 troduction of food into that tube during 
 the act of deglutition. EPJGLOTTICIUE, 
 adj., epiglotticus, die epiglottis betref- 
 fend, dazu gehorig : epiglottic, belonging 
 to the epiglottis ; as Glande epiglottique, 
 F. : a group of mucous follicles, situated 
 
 between the epiglottis, sometimes, also, 
 
 termed Cartilage epiglottique, F., and the 
 thyro-hyoid membrane ; and destined to 
 pour out a lubricating fluid on the fibro- 
 cartilage. EPIGLOTTITE, s. f., epiglot- 
 titis, f. L.., kehldeckelentziindung, f. G., 
 inflammation of the epiglottis. 
 
 EPIGLOTTI-ARYTENOIDIEN, adj. Syn. 
 
 With ARYTENO-EriGLOTTIQUE. 
 
 KPIGONATE, s. f., Ivtyot/zris (iv'i, upon, 
 yaw, the knee), epigonatis, patella, f. L., 
 kniescheibe, f. G., knee-pan. See Ro- 
 TULE. 
 
 EPIGYNE, ou EPIGYNIQUE, adj., epi- 
 gynus (ia-/, upon, ywri, a female), L., epi- 
 gynous : an ej^thet applied, in Botany, to 
 the corolla^ or nectary, of plants, corolle, ou 
 nectaire epigyne, F., as that of Lonicera, 
 or the UmotJliflris, and to the stamens, 
 stamina epigyna, L., auf dem pistill sitz- 
 ende staubf aden, G., when inserted upon 
 the pistil or ovary. 
 
 EPILATOIRE, adj. See DEPILATOIHE. 
 
 EPILEPSIE, S. f., \-ri\r>^ia,, IfiXy^is, I. 
 v'^rifj-^n (I'TiXaf^Sa.vta, to seize upon, to at- 
 tack unexpectedly), epilepsia, f. I,., e- 
 pilepsie, f. G., epilepsy : in Pathology, a 
 disease, of cerebral or cerebro-spinal ori- 
 gin, uncertain recurrence, and convulsive 
 character ; classed by Pinel, see Noso- 
 graphie Philosophique, v. iii, p. 73, among 
 
 the Neuroses of the cerebral functions 
 
 There are two varieties of the disease : 
 the idiopathic, directly resulting from some 
 morbid state, or affection, of the encepha- 
 lon itself; and the symptomatic, induced 
 by the presence of worms, or some source 
 of irritation, in the intestinal canal, or by 
 the infliction of external violence, or o- 
 ther accidental cause. On the accession 
 of the paroxysm, often unpreceded by any 
 premonitory sign, the patient commonly 
 falls senseless. From this circumstance, 
 epilepsy has acquired the popular designa- 
 tion of falling- sick ness, morbus caducus, 
 -fallsucht, by the British, Latin, and
 
 EPI 
 
 German writers. When dependent upon 
 organic lesion, the disease may be regard- 
 ed as incurable; but it often exists for ma- 
 ny years, as the occasionally fortunate is- 
 sue would seem to indicate, without being 
 connected with, or inducing, change of 
 structure. Epri.EPTietUE, adj., iiri^wxri- 
 K;, epilepticus, epileptisch ,-- epileptic, 
 suffering from, or relating to, epilepsy. 
 
 EPIXARD, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Spina'. it ( Dioecia, pentaridr. ; AtripHcece), 
 
 L., der Spinat, G Spinage. The leaves 
 
 of the only species yet known, Sp. olera- 
 cea,^cp, cic!tire,F long since in trod need, 
 from Persia, into European culture, afford 
 a pleasant, but innutritious, article ot diet; 
 fmoflii-nt and slightly laxative. 
 
 EPINE, s. f., spine : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy r to certain processes wnich exist 
 0:1 tiie surface of various bones, and exhibit 
 an imaginary resemblance to the spines of 
 plants. Of the processes so named, the 
 principal, in man, are r. the anterior nasal 
 spine,. Yep. ncfsale anterienre, F., pinn 
 nasalis antica, L., vorderer nascnstachel 
 des stirnbeins, G.j of the frontal bone : 
 2. the palatine, ep. palat., spina palati- 
 11 a, -gaumenbein.stac&t'/, G. ? ; resulting 
 from an union of two eminences of the 
 palate bones, and constituting the poste- 
 rior nasal spine, hinterer naseustachel, 
 
 G. : 3. the sphenoidal spine, ep. du sphe- 
 
 noide, sp. sphaenoides, keilbeinstachel : 
 
 4. the spine of the scapula, ep. de Como- 
 jplate, spina scapulce, grath des schulter- 
 blatts '. 5. the spines of the ilium, ep. ili- 
 aques, spina iliacse, die darmbeinstacheln, 
 four in number, an anterior superior, 
 vorderer oberer; anterior inferior, vorder- 
 er unterer ; a posterior superior, and inferi- 
 or: 6. the spine of the ischittm, ep. ischia- 
 tique, spina ossis ischii, silzbein.sta'Af/ : 
 and, lastly, the assemblage of bones, which 
 compose the vertebral column, has acquir- 
 ed, in popular language, the designation of 
 spine of the back, ep. du (/as, -spina dorsi, 
 P&XIS, ruckgrat. In Botany, the thorn, 
 or spine, spina, L. ci.xu.v6a,, dorn, G. is 
 a hard and pointed production of the lig- 
 neous structure of trie plant upon which 
 it grows; and thus differs from the prickle. 
 See AIGUILLON. 
 
 EPINEUX, adj., spinosus,L., u.x.u.v6iv/>s, 
 axaMln;, dornig, G. : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to parts which exhibit some 
 resemblance to a spine, as the spinous pro- 
 cesses, Apojihi/ses epineuses, F., proces- 
 sus spinosi, L., rforafortsatze, G., of the 
 vertebra, or bones constituting the spinal 
 column : or to certain orifices of bones, 
 blood-vessels, and muscles, which have re- 
 ference to spinous processes ; as 1. the fora- 
 men spinosum, trou epineux, see SPHENO- 
 EPINEUX, of the sphenoid bone, trans- 
 mitting to the dura mater, 2. the arleria 
 
 241 
 
 EPI 
 
 spinosa, vel meningea media, artere epi- 
 *<? (meningiennemoyenne,Ch.)a branch 
 of the internal maxillary ; and 3. two dor- 
 sal muscles, m. grand- et pelit-tpineux du 
 dos, described, by Winslow, as distinct, 
 but forming part of the Scmi-spinalis dorsi, 
 see TRANSVERSAIRE, of other Anato- 
 mists. In Zoology, to animals whose hairs, 
 like those of Echimys spinosus, among the 
 Mamrr.ifera,ov whose ta il- feathers, like those 
 of Anas spinosa, among Birds, terminate in 
 acute and rigid points , or whose parts, or 
 organs, like the back and J;ns of Gasteros- 
 teus punaititis, and Squahi$ acanthias, among 
 Fishes, and the corslet of Cerumbyx, among 
 Insects, are furnished with spines. In Bo- 
 tany, to the parts, or organs, of plants ; 
 which, like the stem of Jtosa spinosissima, 
 the branches of Prunus spinosa, the involu- 
 crum of Centaur ea ferox, and calyx of Moluc- 
 cella spinosa, are armed with prickles. 
 
 EPINGLE, s. f., spina ferrea, spinula, f. 
 L,., nagel, m. G., a pin. 
 
 EPINIERE, adj., spinalis, L., spinal, 
 belonging to the spine, zum riickgrat ge- 
 horig, G. : an epithet applied, in Anato- 
 my, to clivers organs contained in, or lying 
 adjacent to, the spine, itself termed the spi- 
 nal column, see COLOGNE, and EPINE ; 
 as the spinal marrow, Moi-lle epiniere, F., 
 medulla spinalis, I_,.,pa%i>rvs ftofaai, 
 ruekenmark, m. G. ; and the muscles ot 
 the */>m, musculi spinales, riickenmus- 
 keln, G. : in Pathology, to morbid affecti- 
 ons,-morbi spinales, .which originate from, 
 or implicate, the vertebrae, or the medul- 
 lary mass contained in the spinal canal. 
 
 EPIXOTION, s. f. : in Anatomy, a syno- 
 n3 r m of Scapula, derived from the Greek 
 
 adj. ivivuTio; (ET/, Upon, varev, the back). 
 
 EPINYCTIDE, s. f., IH-/H/XT/J : in Patho- 
 logy, an eruption of cutaneous pustules or 
 tubercles, Epinyctides, pi. F., and L., 
 die nachtblattern, G.; which, sometimes 
 
 erroneously referred to Urticaria, see 
 
 Bateman's Synopsis, p. 95, are develop- 
 ed, or grow irritable, at. night (i-rivux-rn>f t 
 nocturnal, during the night), and recede on 
 the return of day. Epinyctis is compriz- 
 ed, by Willan, in his Order, Tubercula. 
 
 EPIPAROXYSME, s. m. epiparoxysmus 
 (ivt, upon, vagolfvfffiii;, a paroxysm), m. L.: 
 in Pathology, an exacerbation of disease, 
 which is superadded to, or soon follows, the 
 preceding paroxysm, ein paroxysmus wel- 
 cher nach dem vorhergehenden erfolgt, G. 
 
 EPIPETALE, adj., epipetalus (M, upon, 
 rira>.av, a petal), L., epipetalous : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Botany, to any organ of a 
 plant seated upon, or inserted into, the 
 corolla or petal, auf dem blumenblatte sitz- 
 end, G. ; as the stamens of the Labiate, 
 and the glands of Ben-bens. 
 
 EPIPHfcNOMENE, S. m. (ixiQitiiapttii, to 
 
 appear suddenly), epipnenomenon : a 
 R
 
 EPI 
 
 term applied, in Pathology, to the symp- 
 toms, Epiphenomenes, pL F., TO. ivKpuwo- 
 pwu., epiphaenomena, L., spater hinzu- 
 kommende krankheitserscheinungen, G 
 which occur unexpectedly, in the course of a 
 disease; and the appearance of which is not 
 requisite to determine its character. 
 
 EPIPHLOGISME, s. m., epiphlogismus, 
 m. (i#i<pxi>yM, to inflame), L., inflamma- 
 tion, entziindung, f. G., burning heat. 
 
 EPIPHORA, s. m., Ivufo^a., epiphora, f. 
 Li. thranenfluss, m. G. : in Pathology, an 
 involuntary and continued flow of tears, 
 larmoiement, m. F., on the cheek ; in vari- 
 ably dependent upon disease or irritation 
 of the lachrymal apparatus, or mechanical 
 obstruction of the lachrymal passages. 
 
 EPIPHRAGME, s. m., epiphragma, n. 
 
 (Ivri, upon, ^^a.yfn.0., a partition) T L., 
 
 zwerchfell, m. G. : in Botany, a term ap- 
 plied, by Hedwig, to a transverse membrane; 
 which, attached to the peristome in some 
 Mosses, closes the urn's orifice, and remains 
 long after separation of the opercule. See 
 Hist. Nat. Muse. Frond. 4to. Lipsiae, 1782. 
 
 EPIPHYLLE, adj., epiphyllus (Uri, up- 
 on, ifuXAov, a leaf), L.. : an epithet applied, 
 in Botany, to parts, or organs, of plants 
 which are inserted upon the leaf ; as the 
 pedicle of Jungermannia epiphyl/a: and to 
 plants, themselves; which, as many of the 
 minuter CryptogamieB, hence termed epi- 
 phyllous Fungi, vegetate on the leaves of 
 other plants. In the latter signification, 
 the epithet is opposed to EPIGE (!*/, upon, 
 yn, the earth), as applied to plants, plantse 
 epigece, L., which grow upon the earth. 
 
 EPIPHYSE, s. , InlQuais, epiphysis, f. 
 Li., epiphyse, f., ansatz, anwuchs, m. G. : 
 in Anatomy, an excrescence, separated from 
 the body of a bone by intervening cartil- 
 age which is obliterated in the progress of 
 age ; when the epiphysis is converted into 
 a process. See APOPHYSE. 
 
 EPIPLEROSE, s. f., epiplerosis, f. (i*i#- 
 xgs, to over-fill), I*, over-filling, ex- 
 cessive distension ; as of the blood-vessels 
 with blood, die uberjullung der blutge- 
 f asse mit blut, G. 
 
 EPIPLOCELE, s. f., epiplocele, f. (ix'i*- 
 Aoev, omentum, x-/?x, hernia), L., netz- 
 bruch, m. G., hernia, formed by omentum. 
 
 EPIPLO-ENTEROCELE. See ENTERO-E- 
 PIPLOCELE. 
 
 EPIPLOCYSTOSCHE'OCELE, s. f., epiplo- 
 cystoschocele, f. (same, *iW;j, the blad- 
 der, MX*, the scrotum, x'x, hernia), 
 Li. : EPIPLO-ENTEROSCHEOCELE, s. , e- 
 piploenteroschocele, f. (same, with the sub- 
 stitution of 2vov for xvffrii), L. : terms em- 
 ployed, by Kraus, to designate, respective- 
 ly, scrotal hernia formed by the omentum 
 and bladder, netzblasenhodensackbruch, 
 m. G. ; and by omentum and intestiner 
 netzdarmhodensackbruch. 
 
 242 
 
 EPI 
 
 EPIPI.O-ISCHIOCELE, s. f., epiplo-isclii- 
 ocele, f. (same, lff%iov, the ischium, xri\n, 
 hernia), L. : hernia, formed by omentum, 
 through the ischiatic notch. 
 
 EPIPLOITE, s. f., epiploitis, f. (!*/*>., 
 the omentum), L., netzentziindung, f. 
 G., inflammation of the omentum. EPIP- 
 LOITIGUE, adj., ? epiploiticus, L., cjiip- 
 loitis betreffend, daran leidend, dazu geho'r- 
 ig, G., relating, or belonging, to Buffer- 
 ing from such inflammation. 
 
 EPIPLO-MEHOCELE, s. f., epiplo-mero- 
 cele,f. (same, i^^os, the thigh, xfar, her- 
 nia), L. : femoral hernia, formed by omentum. 
 
 EPIPLOMPHALE, s. f., epiplomphalus, 
 m. (same, and O^<(IK\OS, the navel), L., 
 netznabelbruch, m. G., umbilical hernia, 
 formed by omentum, 
 
 EPIPLOMPHRASE, s. f., epiplomphrax- 
 is, f. (same, and ift^a^is, obstruction), L., 
 verstopfung des netzes, G., obstruction 
 of the omentum. 
 
 EPIPLOON, s. m., l^i-r^oov, epiploon, 
 omentum, n. L., netz, n. G., cawl : in 
 Anatomy, a process of peritoneum ; which, 
 passing from the diaphragm, the liver and 
 spleen, invests both surfaces of the sto- 
 mach ; and, descending beyond the great 
 curvature of the organ, in front of the 
 packet of small intestine, is reflected up- 
 wards to the arch of the colon. It is com- 
 posed of four portions, which some Anato- 
 mists describe as so many distinct omenta. 
 These are 1. 1' 'Epiploon colique, ou troisieme 
 ; situated on the right side, behind the 
 great omentum, and filling up the angle 
 formed by the junction of the lumbar with 
 the transverse colon ; its two laminae se- 
 parated by the colic blood-vessels : 2. 
 gaslro-colique, ou le grand , the great o- 
 mentum ; connecting the greater curva- 
 ture of the stomach with the colic arch, 
 and falling in front of the small intestines : 
 3. gastro-hepatique, ou le petit , ex- 
 tending between the liver, and lesser cur- 
 vature of the stomach, from the insertion 
 of the oesophagus, to the duodenum ; en- 
 closing the biliary and hepatic vessels ; 
 and covering the foramen of Winslow : 
 and 4. gastro-splemque ; passing be- 
 tween the concave surface of the spleen, 
 and the stomach, from the oesophageal ori- 
 fice to the greater curvature ; and includ- 
 ing, between its two constituent laminae, 
 the splenic blood-vessels. The uses of the 
 omentum are unknown. EPIPLOIQUE, adj., 
 epiploicus, L., das netz betreffend, da- 
 zu genb'rig, G. : an epithet applied, A. to 
 parts, or organs, which relate, or belong, 
 to the omentum ; as 1. Appendices epiplo- 
 'iques, F., epiploica, L., prolongations of 
 peritoneum from the surface of the large 
 intestine ; analogous, in structure and dis- 
 position, to the omentum : 2. Arteres epi- 
 plviques, arterise epiploicee, neteschlag-
 
 EPI 
 
 adern, G. minute branches of the gastro- 
 epiploic : 3. Carite epiplo'ique, the cavity 
 which exists between the two sheets of the 
 great amentum, and communicates with the 
 abdominal cavity by the foramen of Win- 
 .slow : and B. to morbid states or affections, 
 which implicate the amentum , as Hernie 
 fpiplolqne, F. See EPIPLOCELE. 
 
 EPIFLO-SARCOMPHALE, s.f., epiplosar- 
 comphalus, m. (I^r/crXaov, ragi, flesh, ip,- 
 <px?, navel), L., netznabelfleischbruch, 
 m. G., umbilical hernia, formed by indu- 
 rated and enlarged amentum, 
 
 EPIP LOSCH fcocE LE, s. f. epiploschocele, 
 f. (same, -;t;9i, the scrotum, xfav, her- 
 nia), L., netzhodensackbruch, m. G., o- 
 rnental hernia, contained in the scrotum. 
 
 EPIRHHEE, s. f., iTippoy, epirrhoea, f. 
 L., afflux : in Pathology, increased deter- 
 tnin/ition of fluids to any part of the body. 
 
 EPFSCHESE, s. , lvitr%t<ri;, epischesis, 
 f. L., retention, or suppression, of a natu- 
 ral evacuation, as the urine or menstrual 
 flux, die zuruckhaltung, z. B., einer nor- 
 malen ausleerung, des barns, des menstru- 
 alfluidums, usw., G. 
 
 EPISEPALE, adj., episepalus, L. : an e- 
 pithet, in Botany, applied, by Mirbel, to 
 ylands which, like those ot'MalpiffMa urens, 
 grow upon the sepals of the calyx. 
 
 EpisiocEi-E, s. f., episiocele, f. (tvitrsiov 
 not iv'iffiov, according to some writers, 
 \hefemalf pudendum; but, more correctly, 
 the hair growing on the pules, *fav, her- 
 nia), L., schaamlefzenbruch, m. G., 
 hernia of the lalla pudendi, EPISIORRHA- 
 GIE, s. f., episiorrhagia, f. (same, and p *>y- 
 wpi, to burst forth),L schaamlefzenblut- 
 tung, f. G., haemorrhage from the labia 
 The Latin substantives, Episioncus, m., 
 and Episiophyma, f., compounds of iviffit- 
 with the Greek tyxos and (pupa, are em- 
 ployed, by the German Kraus, to desig- 
 nate, respectively, swelling, schaamlef- 
 zengeschwullst, and aisce.ss,^-schaamlef- 
 zenbeule, f. G., of the lalia pudendi 
 "Absurdse suntderivationes vocis, a Kraus. 
 prolatae." Such is the opinion of Kiihn, 
 Blancardi, Lexicon Afedicum, v. i, p. 592. 
 
 EPISPADIAS, s. m., epispadia, f. (ivt, 
 upon, <rir<ia, to derive): conformationis na- 
 turalis illud vitium, quo urethrae oriticium 
 in superiori parte membri virilis apertum 
 est, L. Vide Hypospadias. 
 
 EPISPASTIQUE, adj., ivifrttsnxot (<*!$- 
 
 *, to draw to), epispastic : an epithet 
 applied, in Maleria Medica, to remedies, 
 remedia epispastica, L,., z#mittel, G. ; 
 which, like the blistering-fly, Cantharis 
 hence classed, by Zoologists, in a distinct 
 Family, EPISFASTIQUES, F., pi., of Coleop- 
 terous Insects, and mustard, violently ir- 
 ritate, when placed in contact with, the 
 skin ; and produce separation of the epi- 
 dermis, with effusion of lymph beneath. 
 243 
 
 EPI 
 
 EPISPERME, . m., episperma, n. (IrJ, 
 upon- trv'opa., the seed), L. : a term appli- 
 ed, by llichard, to the proper envelope of 
 the seed of plants, composed of an exteri- 
 or pellicle, see LORIQUE; a middle mem- 
 brane, SAHCODERME ; and an internal, 
 EXDOPLEVRE. EPISPERMATIQUE, adj., 
 epispermaticus : an epithet applied to a 
 vegetable embryo ; which, destitute of albu- 
 men, as the Phaseotus communis, is imme- 
 diately covered by the episperm. 
 
 EPISTAPHYLIN, adj. (i-r'i, upon, rrafv- 
 xj, the uvula) : an epithet applied, by 
 Winslow, to the Azygos tfvula muscle. 
 See PALATO-STAPHYLIN. 
 
 EPISTASE, s. f., 1^'taTa.at^ epistasis, , 
 omnis substantia quae superficial urinae in- 
 natat, L. : including both NUAGE and E- 
 NEOREME ; and opposed to HYPOSTASE. 
 
 EPISTAXIS, s. f. (i#iffra%&>, to distil), F., 
 and L., nasenfaluten, n. G., nasal hae- 
 morrhage : a frequent concomitant of hy- 
 pertrophy of the heart. 
 
 EPISTERXAL, s. m., and adj., epister- 
 nalis (tft, upon, ffriyiov, the sternum), L.. : 
 a term applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, 
 to the first or anterior portion of the ster- 
 num ; which sustains, in Birds, the fork- 
 bone, la clavicule furculaire, F. See Phi- 
 losophic Anatomique, v. i, p. 84. 
 
 EPISTHOTONOS, s. m. Synon. with EM- 
 
 PROSTHOTONOS. 
 
 EPISTHOPHE, s. f., l#iff>rpiq>tvs (l^iirr^i- 
 $u, to turn round), epistropheus,m. L., 
 umdreher, m.G. : a term applied to the2rf 
 cerrical vertebra, der zweite halswirbel, 
 G. ; the first turning upon it, as on a pivot. 
 
 EPISTXAXCHE, EPISYNAXGIXE, s. f. : a 
 modern designation of spasm of the pharynx. 
 
 EPITHELIUM, s. m. (M, upon, ^A, a 
 nipple), F., n. L. : a name given, by 
 Ituysch, to the delicate layer of epidermis, 
 das feine oberhaut, G., which invests 
 the female nipple, and other parts desti- 
 tute of the proper dermis. 
 
 EPITHEME, s. m., IviDipa,, epithema, 
 n. L , umschlag, m. G., epithem : a 
 term, in Pharmacy, comprehending all to- 
 pical remedies, with the exception of plas- 
 ters and unguents, which are applied to 
 the exterior of the body : in Zoology, ac- 
 cording to Illiger, the horny appendage,. 
 
 schnabelaufsatz, m. G., which surmounts 
 the beak of certain birds. 
 
 EPITROCHLEE, EPITROKLEE, s. , epi- 
 trochlea, f. (ivi, above, rga^ax/a, a pulley), 
 L. : in Anatomy, a name applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to a rounded protuberance, or process, 
 situated on the internal side of the inferior 
 extremity of the humerus, above the arti- 
 culation, and, heretofore, improperly term- 
 ed the lesser or internal condyle. It gives 
 attachment to several muscles of the hu- 
 man fore-arm ; which, from this circum- 
 stance, have partly obtained, in the anato- 
 R2
 
 EPU 
 
 mical nomenclature of Chaussier, their re- 
 spective designations : as 1. Epitrochlo-Me- 
 tacarpien, F., epitrochlo-metacarpianus, 
 L. (Flexor carpi radialis, of other Anato- 
 mists) ; sa named, from its attachments to 
 the epitrochlea and the second metacarpal 
 bone, see RADIAL: 2. Epitrochlo-palmaire, 
 epitrochlo-palmaris (Palmaris longus) ; 
 to epitrochlea and palmar fascia, see PAL- 
 MAIRE: 3. Epitrochlo-phalanginien commun, 
 
 epitrochlo-phalanginianus communis 
 
 (Flexor sublimis digitorum) ; to epitrochlea 
 and second phalanx, phalangine, F., of 
 the four fingers, see FLEOHISSEUR : and 
 
 4. Epitrochlo-Radial, epitrochlo-radialis 
 
 (Pronator Radii teres) ; to epitrochlea and 
 radius, see PRONATEITR. 
 
 EPIZOOTIE, s. f., epizootia, f. (M, up- 
 on, aav, an animal), L., tthierseuche, f. 
 G. : a disease simultaneously attacking a 
 great number of the lower animals. The 
 term corresponds, in the veterinary art, 
 with Epidemic in Medicine. EFIZOOT i QUE, 
 
 adj., epizooticus, epizootic, pertaining 
 
 to an Epizooty. 
 
 EPONGE, s. f., yrayya;, spongia, f. !., 
 schwamm, m. G., sponge: in Zoology, 
 and Materia Medica, a marine organized 
 body, belonging to the great Class of the 
 Zoophyta; and widely diffused in many 
 seas, particularly the Mediterranean. In 
 its natural state, sponge is employed, by 
 Surgeons, in the cleansing of wounds and 
 ulcers : prepared by pressure and immer- 
 sion in melted wax, E'p. preparee, F., . 
 Spongia preparata cum Cera, cerata, 
 Li., press- oder wachsschwamm, G., in 
 the dilatation of fistulae and sinuses. I- 
 odine constitutes the active principle of 
 burnt sponge, E'p. calcinee, spongia usta, 
 gebrannter schwamm. Hence its value 
 in the treatment of bronchocele and scro- 
 fula. 
 
 EPREINTES, s., pi. : a term, in Patho- 
 logy, synon. with TENESME. 
 
 EPUISEMENT, s. m. virium defectio,L. 
 entkraflung, G., failure of strength, 
 exhaustion. 
 
 EPULIDE, EPULIE, s.f., \*ov\}s, epu- 
 lis, f. L,., auswuch, oder schwamm, am 
 zahnfleisch, G. : in Pathology, a fungous 
 excrescence or tumour, on the gum (l-ri ev- 
 xv) ; sometimes situated between the 
 teeth, which are loosened by it ; and occa- 
 sionally degenerating into cancer. 
 
 EPULOTIQUE, adj., iirev*.turixos: an epi- 
 thet, in Materia Medica, applied to reme- 
 dies, remedia epnlotica, L., vernarbende 
 mittel, G:, which produce cicatrization 
 tvofaafif, vernarbung^f. G., of a wound 
 or sore. 
 
 EPURGE, s. f. : in Botany, a species be- 
 longing to the genus, Euphorbia, see Eu- 
 THORBE. The seeds of this plant, E. la- 
 /Aym, springkorner, purgierkorner, breit- 
 
 244 
 
 ERE 
 
 bliittrichte wolfsrnilch, G., caper-spurge, 
 are violently drastic and emetic. They 
 contain an essential oil resembling, in its o- 
 peration, that of the Croton Tiglium. 
 
 EQUILIBRE, s. m. cequilibrium, n. L. 
 gleichgewicht, f. G. : a term, of well-known 
 import, in Physics : in Medicine, employed 
 to designate harmony in the reciprocal 
 action of the organs of the living body. 
 
 EQUINOXE, s. m., sequinoctium, n. L.., 
 iffitfiegix, nachtgleiche, f. G. : a term, in 
 Physics, applied to the period at which 
 the sun appears in the points of intersec- 
 tion of the ecliptic with the equator ; be- 
 cause, then, the night is equal to the day, 
 in duration. The vernal equino.r, eq. du 
 printemps, F., takes place on the 20th or 
 2 1st of March; the autumnal, eq. d"au- 
 tomnc, on the 22nd or 23rd of September. 
 EQUINOCTIAL, adj., equinoctialis, equi- 
 noctial, belonging to the equinox : Ligne 
 cquinocliale, (V^s^/vojx^xXof, aqidnoctial- 
 linie, G., the equinoctial line or circle, the 
 equator. 
 
 EQ.UITATIOV, s. f., exercise du cheval, 
 equitatio, f. (eqmis, a horse), L.., reiten,n. 
 G., horse-exercise. 
 
 ERABLE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, A- 
 cer ( Polygamia, monocc. ; Acerinea ), li., 
 der Ahorn, G., Maple ; comprehending 
 numerous species: several of which, espe- 
 cially E'r. a sucre, F., A. saccharinum, a 
 native of the United States and Canada, 
 afford, on perforation of their bark and 
 alburnum, a sap convertible, by evapora- 
 tion, into sugar. The sap of several of the 
 European Maples, as the Sycamore, A. 
 pseudo-platanus, is applicable to the same 
 purpose. 
 
 ERAILLEMENT, s. m. See ECTROPION. 
 
 ERECTEUR, s. m. and adj. : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to certain muscles of the 
 male and female organs of generation ; as 
 Er. de la verge, et du clitoris, F., Erector 
 penis, et clitoridis, L., see Iscmo-CA- 
 VERNEUX, which produce ERECTION, s. f. 
 erectio, f. L,., errichtung, f. G., of the 
 parts, or organs, on which their action is 
 exerted. The term, Erection, is also em- 
 ployed, in Physiology, to designate the con- 
 dition of an organ, which, previously flac- 
 cid, becomes turgescent, from an accumu- 
 lation of blood in its tissue : as Er. du cli- 
 toris, des mamelons. 
 
 ERECTILE, adj., erectilis, L. : an epi- 
 thet employed, byDupuytren and Rullier, 
 to designate a peculiar tissue of the animal 
 economy, not recognized by Bichat ; and 
 represented, by some writers, as merely a 
 vascular net-work copiously interspersed 
 with nerves. By those who admit the erec- 
 tile as a distinct tissue, termed also ca- 
 verneux et spongieux, in French, it is des- 
 cribed as an essentially vascular and nerv- 
 ous structure, whose areolae communicate
 
 ERO 
 
 \vith each other ; and which, entering into 
 the composition of the corpora cavernosa 
 penis et clitoridis, of the inferior part of the 
 vagina and spongy portion of the urethral 
 canal, of the lips, nipple, iris, nervous pa- 
 pilla;, and intestinal villi, distends, reddens, 
 and assumes the state of erection, under the 
 influence of different stimuli. The same 
 tissue, accidentally developed, is said to 
 constitute, in certain cases of disease, a par- 
 ticular genus of organic transformations ; 
 as exemplified in many hsemorrhoidal, va- 
 ricose, polypous, and haematoid tumours. 
 ERECTILITE, s. f.,- erectilitas, f. L : mode 
 of action of the supposed erectile tissue. 
 
 EREME, s. m., eremus, m. (t^npes, soli- 
 tary), L. : a term, in Botany, applied by 
 Mirbel, to a pericarp ; which, destitute of 
 valve or suture, as in the Labiatce, pro- 
 ceeds from an ovary not supporting a style. 
 
 ERETHIS.ME, s. m., igiQiirpos, erethis- 
 mus, m. L., reizung, f. G.. excitation, 
 irritation, exaltation of the vital phenome- 
 na in an animal organ. 'Egifao-rizos, adj., - 
 erethisticus, reizend, irritating, produc- 
 ing erethism. 
 
 ERGOT, s. m.: in Anatomy, a medullary 
 tubercle, existing in the digital cavity of the 
 lateral ventricles of the brain ; its surface 
 invested, like that cavity, with medullary 
 ,but composed, interiorly, of cortical sub- 
 stance : in Zoology, the imperfectly devel- 
 oped or rudimentary claw or toe, situated 
 posteriorly on the tarsus of certain Mam- 
 mifora, as the Hog ; the minute horny ex- 
 crescence frequently existing on the poste- 
 rior inferior part of the fetlock of the 
 Horse ; and the posterior claw, see E'PE- 
 HON, of Birds: in Botany, a disease of the 
 Graminece, especially rye, attributed to the 
 presence of a minute fungus, see SEIGLE. 
 EHGOTISME, s. m., ergotismus, m. .L., 
 ergotism : the morbid affection, produced, 
 in man, by the ergot of rye, le Seigle eryote. 
 The principal symptoms are gangrene of 
 the ringers and toes, sometimes of the 
 hands and feet ; and, occasionally, convul- 
 sions. 
 
 ERIGNE, ou ERINE, s. f., uncinus, m. 
 L. : a small pointed hook, or tenaculum, 
 employed, by Anatomists and Surgeons, 
 to elevate, or draw out, certain parts of 
 the animal body, otherwise difficult of sei- 
 zure ; in order to facilitate their dissection 
 or removal. 
 
 EROSION, s. f., erosio, f. L. : in Patho- 
 logy, the action of a corrosive substance. 
 
 EROTiQUE,adj., latuTixos, eroticus, L.., 
 erotisch, G., erotic, pertaining to, or 
 produced by, love, ?fy : as Delire , Ma- 
 nie , Melancholic , Passion erotique, F., 
 synon. with EROTO-MANIE, s. , eroto- 
 mania, f. L., liebeswuth, f. G., a species 
 of mental alienation produced by love. 'E- 
 *>ftawi } 'Egarofiaw;, adj., crotomaniacus, 
 
 245 
 
 ERY 
 
 liebetoll, rasend aus Hebe, erotomania- 
 cal, suffering from amorous frenzy, l^u^a- 
 vix, igu'rop.aviet ; mad with love. 
 
 ERPETOLOGIE, s. f , erpetologia, f. ({j- 
 *i<ros, a reptile, Xayoy, discourse), L. : that 
 branch of '.Zoology which treats on the na- 
 tural history of Reptiles. See Art. Herpe- 
 tology, in v. xi, of the Edinburgh Encyclo- 
 pedia. ERPETOLKIUE, adj., erpetologi- 
 eus, herpetological. 
 
 ERRATIQUE, adj.,. erraticus, L., un- 
 ordentlich, regelos, G., erratic? an epi- 
 thet applied, in Pathology, to intermittent 
 fevers which observe no regular type; and 
 to certain forms or varieties of cutaneous 
 disease, which, as Erysipelas erraticum, 
 move rapidly from place to place. 
 
 ERREUR de lieu, -error loci, L., orts- 
 verfehlung, fl G. : a term, in Pathology, 
 first employed by Boerhaave ; and subse- 
 quently adopted by physicians of his school, 
 to explain, on the hypothesis of an intro- 
 duction of the circulating fluids into an 
 order of vessels, naturally not destined to 
 receive them, the cause of the injection of 
 the capillary system, in acute and chronic 
 phlegmasias. 
 
 ERRHIN, ERRHINE, adj., errhine : an 
 epithet applied, in Materia Medica, to any 
 remedy or substance, -'Eg*/vv, remedium 
 errh'mum, L., wiestfmittel, scAnujo/mittel, 
 G., which, applied to the nostril (4v, in, /}, 
 the nose), produces sneezing. 
 
 ERUCTATION, s. f., eructatio, f. (erne- 
 tare, to belch up}, L., aufstossen, n. G. : 
 evacuation, by the mouth, of gas proceed- 
 ing from the stomach. 
 
 ERUGINEUX, adj., aerugineus, aerugi- 
 nosus, L., kupferig, G., eruginous : an 
 epithet applied to expectorated fluids, or 
 bile; which, voided either peros vel anum, re- 
 semble, in colour, verdigrease, <zragro, L. 
 
 ERUPTION, s. f., eruptio, f. (erumpere, 
 to break, or burst, out), L., ausschlag, m. 
 G. : a term employed, by Pathologists, in 
 divers acceptations; as expressive of 1. 
 the sudden and copious evacuation of a flu- 
 id, blood, serum, pus, or gas, contained 
 in any canal or cavity of the body : 2. the 
 development of an exanthematims affection 
 on the surface ; and 3. the exanthema it- 
 self. ERUPTIF, adj., eruptivus, aus- 
 brechend: an epithet applied to certain 
 diseases, especially fevers, -Jievres erup- 
 tives, F., which are characterized by an 
 eruption on the skin. 
 
 ERY SIPELE, s. m., l^vffi^ri^cts, erysipe- 
 las, n. L., erysipelas, n,, rose, f. G. : in 
 Pathology, a cutaneous phlegmasia, vulgar- 
 ly designated, St. Anthony's fire ; ana ar- 
 ranged, by Willan, who describes four spe- 
 cies, phlegmonodes, cedematodes, gang- 
 raenosum, and erraticum, see his work, 
 On Cutaneous Diseases, 4to., p. 488, in the 
 4th Order, Bulbs ; by Pinel, Nosographie
 
 ESP 
 
 Philosophique, vol. ii., p. 82, among the 
 Phlegmasie^> Cutunses. Many writers dis- 
 tinguish two kinds of Erysipelas : the idio- 
 patkic or spontaneous, E'r. spontane, F., 
 resulting from the operation of internal 
 causes ; and the symptomatic or accidental, 
 accidcntel, induced by the application 
 of topical irritants. Erysipelas, however 
 originating, sometimes acquires, in parti- 
 cular seasons and situations, an infectious 
 character. ERYSIPELATEUX, adj., l^vin- 
 riKttrcabtis, erysipelatodes, erysipelatosus, 
 
 rosenartig, erysipelatous, exhibiting 
 
 the characters of Erysipelas. 
 
 ERYTHEME, s. in., fyvfap*, literally 
 
 redness, a blush, erythema, n. L.., rothe, 
 hautrothe, f. G. : a term employed, by Wil- 
 lan, to designate a genus of Cutaneous Dis- 
 eases, belonging to the 3rd Order, Exanthe- 
 mata. He enumerates, see p. 472, six 
 species. Regarded, by some authors, as a 
 synonym of Erysipelas. ERYTHEMATIQUE, 
 adj., erythematicus, erythematous. 
 
 ERYTHRIQUE, adj., ervthricus (fyvfyos, 
 red), Lu : an epithet applied to purpuric 
 acid, by its first discoverer, Brugnatelli : 
 or rather to an acid, aci/lo ossierilrico, It., 
 obtained by treating uric with the ni- 
 tric acid ; and apparently formed by a com- 
 bination of the nitric and purpuric acids. 
 Originally yellow, it assumes a rose-red co- 
 lour under the influence of the solar rays. 
 
 ERYTHRO'IDE, adj , erythroides, ery- 
 
 throides (I^u6po ; , red, tTSj, resemblance), L., 
 rothlich, G., erythroid: an epithet ap- 
 plied, by the Ancients, to the reddish ex- 
 panse of muscular fibres constituting the 
 CHEMASTER ; and regarded, by them, as 
 one of the covering of the testis, under the 
 title of tunica erythroides, L.., das rothe 
 hodenhautchen, G. By modern Anatom- 
 ists, the term, erythroid membrane, tunique 
 erythro'ide, F., is conferred on a peculiar 
 membrane occupying, in certain animals, the 
 situation of the allantois. See ALLAN TOI'DE. 
 
 ESAPHE, s. m. (aq>uu, to feel, to touch): 
 in Obstetrics, examination of the state of 
 the uterus, by introduction of the finger 
 into the vagina. 
 
 EsCARROTiaUE, F.SCHAROTtaUE, S. HI. 
 
 and adj., lff%a.panxos, escharotic: a term, 
 or epithet, applied, in Materia Medica, to 
 any substance, i<r%a.iarix,ov, remedium es- 
 charoticum, L atzmittel, brennmittel, G. ; 
 which, like pure potass, or the mineral 
 acids, is capable, when applied to the living 
 tissues, of producing an eschar, ESCARRE, 
 ESCHARE, s. , lir^ti^a, eschara, f. !>., 
 brandschorf, m. G., by destruction of the 
 vitality of a portion of integument. 'E<r- 
 %tiauffis, s. : the formation of an eschar. 
 
 ESPECE, s. f., species, f. L., art, f. G.: 
 in Natural History, one, or more, of a 
 number of bodies or objects, animal, vegeta- 
 ble, or mineral; in Nosology, of diseases, 
 
 246 
 
 ESS 
 
 which, although invariably marked by mi- 
 nuter characters of difference, hence call- 
 ed specific characters, yet exhibit certain 
 traces of relation or affinity, and resemble 
 each other more closely than other natu- 
 ral objects, or morbid conditions ; and are, 
 therefore, conveniently arranged under a 
 common head or genus. See GENRE. In 
 Pharmacy, combinations of divers medici- 
 nal substances, possessing analogous pro- 
 perties, for the preparation of Electuary 
 or Decoction, are also termed species, ES- 
 PECE s, pi. F. Such are the Species aroma- 
 ticse, aromatische species, G. now Pul- 
 vis Cinnamomi compositus, of the British 
 ; the Species anthelminticae, of the 
 French ; and Species ad Decoctum lig- 
 norum, Species zum holztrank , of the 
 German Dispensatories. See Pharmacopaa 
 Gallica, p. 279 ; and Schwartze, Pharma- 
 koloffische Tabellen. Erster Band. 
 
 ESPRIT, s. m., spiritus, m. L., vrvivpa, 
 
 geist, m. G spirit : a term formerly 
 
 employed, in Chemistry and Pharmacy, to 
 designate all liquid products obtained by 
 distillation ; but now, in its more rigorous 
 acceptation, restricted to those fluids, 
 which, like the Spiritus Juniperi composi- 
 tus, of the British , and Spiritus Anisi, 
 . Anisgeist, G., of the German Dispensa- 
 tories, result from the distillation of divers 
 aromatic substances with alcohol. The ti- 
 tle, however, is still applied to various 
 pharmaceutical preparations which do not 
 correctly fall under this definition ; as the 
 Spirilus Camphorse of the British , and 
 schwefelathergrm* (Spiritus Athens Sul- 
 phurici), G., of the German Dispensato- 
 ries. To remedy this confusion, the au- 
 thors of the French Pharmacoptta, see p. 
 55, have assumed AI.COOLAT as the ti- 
 tle of the distilled aromatic Spirit. For an 
 account of the Officinal Spirits employed 
 in German Pharmacy, see Schwartze Piiar- 
 macolog. Tabellen, p. 227, Index. 
 
 ESUUILLE, s. f. assula, schidia, f. L., 
 splinter: in Surgical Pathology, a fragment, 
 knochensplitter, m. G., separated by 
 fracture, necrosis, or caries, from the body 
 of a bone. 
 
 ESQUINANCIE, s. f., squinancia, f. L., 
 kehlsucht, f. G., quinsy: the popular de- 
 signation of Angina. See ANGINE. 
 
 ESSENCE, s. f., essentia,f. L., essenz, 
 f. G. : in Pharmacy, a synonym of the vo- 
 latile oil, see HUILE, obtained, from 
 
 plants, by distillation : also, according to 
 some French writers, of the Simple Alco- 
 holic Tincture. ESSENTIEL, adj., wes- 
 entlich, G., essential: an epithet applied, 
 in Pharmacy, to any volatile oil, Huile es- 
 sentielle, F., oleum essentiale, L. In Na- 
 tural History, employed to designate those 
 characters, caracteres essentiels, by which 
 the various species, genera, and other sys-
 
 EST 
 
 tematic divisions, of natural objects are in- 
 variably, and most conspicuously, distin- 
 guished: in Pathology, those diseases, 
 maladies essentielles, which are indepen- 
 dent on all other morbid affections; and 
 hence, in this signification, directly oppos- 
 ed to SVMPTOMATIQTTE. 
 
 ESSIEU, s. m., &>*, axis, m. L., 
 achse, f. G. : a term applied, by some Ana- 
 tomists, to the second cervical vertebra ; 
 because of the tooth-like process upon 
 which the atlas turns, as upon an axis. 
 
 ESSOUFFLEMENT, S. m. See ANHELA- 
 T1ON. 
 
 EsTOMAC, S. m., fro/nx^af, yafrrig, 
 stomachus, ventriculus, m.L., magen, m. 
 G., stomach: in Anthropotomy, a hollow 
 membranous sac, situated in the superior 
 part of the abdominal cavity, between the 
 oesophagus and duodenum ; and constitut- 
 ing the organ of chymification. The hu- 
 man stomach exhibits two extremities, a 
 larger or cardiac, occupying a portion of 'the 
 left ; and a right or pyloric, of the 
 right hypochondrium : two arches or cur- 
 vatures, a lesser, connected with the liver 
 and diaphragm by the gastro-hepatic ; 
 anti a larger, with the colon, see EPIP- 
 LOIQUE, by the gastro-colic omentum : 
 and two orifices, a superior or cesophageal, 
 communicating, by the oesophagus, with the 
 buccal cavity ; and an inferior, pyloric or 
 duodenal, by the duodenum and long track 
 of intestinal canal, with the anus. The 
 parietes of the stomach are composed of 
 three distinct membranes intimately unit- 
 ed by a dense and compact tissue. These 
 are an external, serous or peritoneal coat ; a 
 middle or muscular, with fibres either Ion- 
 gitudinally or transversely arranged; and 
 an internal or mucous, continued from the 
 oesophagus. The arteries of the organ are 
 numerous, and supplied by the coronary 
 stomachic, pyloric, splenic, and right and 
 left gastro-epiploic. The veins, exhibiting 
 a similar distribution, pour their blood in- 
 to the vena portas. The lymphatics pro- 
 ceed to the glands arranged along both cur- 
 vatures of the stomach. The nerves are 
 supplied by the pneumo-gastric, and the 
 three divisions of the cceliac plexus. 
 
 The presence of an interior receptacle 
 for the food constitutes a distinguishing 
 character of the Animal Kingdom from 
 Man to the Zoophyte. Of the Compara- 
 tive Anatomy of the Stomach, viewed in 
 several points, the following is a faintly- 
 traced and imperfect outline : 1. It exhi- 
 bits innumerable varieties of Figure. Ge- 
 nerally simple and uniform in the whole 
 series of animals, it is marked in some, as 
 the Lion and Bear, by a slight central 
 contraction : compound, forming from two 
 to four distinct stomachs, in others, as the 
 Hamster, Kangaroo, and Sloth, respect- 
 
 247 
 
 EST 
 
 ively : compKcated, with a curiously-con- 
 structed groove, or canal, leading from the 
 oesophagus to the third stomach, in the 
 Ruminantia, see ABOMASUM: compound 
 or complicated, with from three to five di- 
 visions, in all the Celacea. See Wernerian 
 Transactions, v. iii, p. 371. 2. Of large 
 Volume, especially the first stomach, see 
 PANSE, in the adult Ruminantia ; and 
 in the Herbwora, generally : constituting 
 nearly the whole bulk of the animal in 
 some zoophytic genera, as Hydatis and 
 Hydra. Large, relatively to the ossopha- 
 gus, in the Toothless Cetacea ; small, and 
 scarcely distinguishable from that canal, 
 in Serpents : rery large in the caterpillar 
 ; contracted in the imago state of Lepi- 
 dopterous Insects. See Swammerdam, Bi- 
 Uia Naturae, Tabulae 34, 36. 3. Direction 
 nearly transverse in Man and the Quadru- 
 mana ; and varying, more or less, to the 
 oblique, in the lower Mammifera ; parallel, 
 or nearly parallel, to the axis of the body, 
 in Reptiles, Amphibia, and Fishes. 4. Of 
 membranous structure in the Mammifera, 
 Carnivorous and Piscivorous Birds, the re- 
 maining Verlebratcd and the Invertebraled 
 Classes, generally ; more dense, however, 
 in the Herbivorous than in Carnivorous Rep- 
 tiles. Muscular, forming a gizzard, or or- 
 gan of trituration, see GESIER, in the 
 Pangolin ; in Granivorous Birds ; in some 
 Testaceous Mollusca, as the inhabitant of 
 Bulla lignaria, see Linncean Transactions, 
 v. ii, p. 15, and Helix stagnalis ; and cer- 
 tain Zoophytes, as Aphrodite. Exhibits a 
 mixed character, of various grades, in Om- 
 nivorous Birds ; very strong, approaching 
 to the muscular, in the Crocodile and some 
 Fishes. Divers Insects, as the Blatta, have 
 one membranous and one muscular stomach 
 armed with teeth. Aplysia possesses three 
 muscular stomachs furnished with bony 
 processes ; and the Mole-cricket, a compli- 
 cated digestive apparatus, resembling that 
 of the Ruminantia. 5. Internal Disposition. 
 Divided into two portions, in the Horse, 
 by a partial lining of epidermis ; in some 
 Rodentia, as Mus and Lepus, by a valvular 
 elongation of the mucous membrane. Cel- 
 lular in the first and second cavities of 
 the Camel and Lama, so as to retain, un- 
 mixed with the food in its transit to and 
 fro, large quantities of water : furnished 
 with short bristly hairs in the Cuckoo ; 
 armed with teeth in divers Crustacea and 
 Insects, see CRABE, and BLATTE : im- 
 perfectly divided, in Hirudo genus, into 
 cells. See Moquin-Tandon, Monographic 
 de la Famille des Hirudine.es. Paris, 1827. 
 6. Orifices, two generally, oisophageal and 
 intestinal ; sometimes buccal and anal : 
 many in Medusa : single, constituting both 
 mouth and anus, in certain Zoophytes, as 
 Asterias, Situated remotely from each o-
 
 ther, in purely Carnivorous animals ; more 
 closely approximated in Man, the Quad- 
 rumana, and Omnivora ; nearly contiguous 
 in the Opossum, and Crocodile, as in Gra- 
 nivorous Birds. CEsophageal orifice armed 
 with teeth, in Forficula : buccal orifice, 
 with tentacula organs of prehension, in 
 certain Polypi, as Actinia. 1. Appendages. 
 A bursa faucium, jaw-pouch, and throat- 
 sac, constituting reservoirs of solid food or 
 of water, exist respectively in the Camel, 
 Pelican, and Male Bustard ; and an analo- 
 gous structure, cheek-pouch, see ABA- 
 JOUE, in divers Mammlfera : a crop, or 
 organ of maceration, see JABOT, abun- 
 dantly supplied with glands, and corres- 
 ponding, in function, with the first sto- 
 mach of the Rumiiianlia, in many Birds, 
 as Colombo, and the Gattirue ; and in some 
 Testaceous Mollusca, especially the Bi- 
 valves. A bulbus g'andnlosus, VENTRI- 
 CULE Succenturirr, of Cuvier, containing 
 an apparatus of large and peculiarly-ar- 
 ranged glands, less distinctly marked in 
 the Carnivorous and Piscivorous than other 
 tribes, in most birds : more capacious in 
 some genera, as Ardea, than the stomach 
 itself; and absent in the King-fisher. A 
 " zone of glands," like those of the Bird, 
 around the oesophagus of Dormouse ; and 
 a nearly similar structure in Beaver. A 
 large glandular apparatus, between the 
 gastric membranes, near the oesophagus, 
 of the Manati. The stomach itself con- 
 tains masses of carbonate of lime, in addi- 
 tion to teeth, in many Crustacea, see E- 
 cafcvissE. Furnished with three calcare- 
 ous shells, in Bulla lignaria ; with horny 
 papillae, in Ornithorhynchus hystrix ; and 
 with a valvular apparatus in the fourth 
 stomach, CAILLETTE, of Cow, Camel, 
 and Lama. In Fishes, with exception of 
 the Chondropterygii, alone possessing a pan- 
 creas, it is surrounded, at the pylorus, 
 by the pyloric coeca ; which, apparently 
 constituting a substitute for the abdomi- 
 nal gland, pour their secreted Huid, by one 
 or many orifices, into the gastric cavity, 
 near the pyloric orifice, or over the whole 
 surface, of the organ. In the Mollusca, the 
 liver is closely connected with, or sur- 
 rounds, and sometimes perforates, the sto- 
 mach. See Blumenbaeh, Handbuch der 
 Vergleichenden Anatomic, 8vo. Gb'ttingen, 
 1824, or Coulson's Translation ; Carus, 
 Lehrbuch der Zootomie, 8vo. Leipzig, 1818 ; 
 Dhe're', De la Nutrition, etc., 8vo. Paris, 
 1826; and Todd, Cyclopedia of Anatomy and 
 Physiology, part 1. Art. Animal Kingdom. 
 EST ITRGEON, s. m. : a genus, in Ichthy- 
 ology, Acipenser, belonging to the Order, 
 Branchiosteai, of Cartilaginous Fishes,lArm. 
 Chondropteryqiens a branches libres, Cuv.; 
 and comprehending several large species ; 
 thefleih of which, resembling veal, is much 
 
 248 
 
 ETE 
 
 esteemed as an article of diet. CAVIAR is 
 prepared from the roe of the common stur- 
 geon, A. sturio, Yesturgcon, F., der stb'r, 
 G. ; and isinglass, see ICHTHYOCOLLE, 
 from the swimming-bladder of the same, 
 as of A. huso, le grand esturgeon, F., der 
 hausen, G., and divers other species 
 The structure of the mouth in the Stur- 
 geon genus, is very curious. See Cours 
 Complet d'ffisloire Naturelle Midicale el 
 Pharmaceutique, v. i, p. 44, pi. 6. 
 
 ESULE, s. f. : a species, in Botany, be- 
 longing to the genus Euphorbia, see Eu- 
 PHORBE. The leaves and roots of . esula 
 are purgative. 
 
 ETAIJT, s. m., stannum, n. L., xa<r<ri- 
 Tt^os. zinn, n. G., tin : a solid metal, 
 the Jupiter, of the Alchemists, existing, 
 naturally, in the states of oxide and sul- 
 phuret. Employed medicinally, in the form 
 of filings, Stanni Limatura, L., Zinn- 
 feile, G as a vermifuge. From this, their 
 principal production in the time of Hero- 
 dotus, the British islands were named by 
 the Greek historian, the <m-islands, die 
 cassit>:rischcn , oder .srirere-inseln, G. 
 
 ETAIRION, s. m., more correctly HE- 
 TAIRION, etairium, n. (Irai^tltt, compani- 
 onship), L. : a term, in Botany, applied, 
 by Mirbel, to a fruit which is composed of 
 several pericarpial cells, camares, F., 
 arranged round the imaginary axis of such 
 fruit. ETAIRIONNAIRE, adj., etairiona- 
 rius : an epithet applied to compound fruits 
 resulting, like the etairium, from ovaries 
 which support the style. 
 
 ETALE, adj., expansus, patens, patu- 
 lus, L., offenstehend, G. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Botany, to parts, or organs, of 
 plants, which expand, or spread out, so as 
 to form a nearly right angle with those 
 from which they originate : as the branchi-s 
 of Tagetes pain la ; leaves of Mi Hum effu- 
 sum ; sepals of Borago officinalis ; petals of 
 Geum urbanum, and Campanula patula; and 
 the stamens of Pi/rola minor. 
 
 ETAMINE, s. f., stamen, n. L., staub- 
 fade, f. G. : in Botany, the male organ of 
 phanerogamous plants ; composed of two 
 parts, :the filament, see FILET ; and the 
 anther, or essential portion of the organ, 
 which contains the pollen, see ANTHEHE. 
 On the number, insertion, relative length, 
 and mutual connections, of the stamens, or 
 their absence, separate existence, or co- 
 existence with the pistil, or female organ, 
 in all the flowers, or in different flowers, of 
 the same plant, Linnaeus has founded the 
 character of the first 23 Classes in his Sex- 
 ual System of Botany. 
 
 ETE, s. m., aestas, f. L., ti^s, som- 
 mer, m. G., summer : one of the four 
 seasons ; commencing, in this hemisphere, 
 on the approach of the sun to the first 
 point of the sign of Cancer, June 22nd ;
 
 ETH 
 
 and terminating on its return to the plane 
 of the equator, about September 22nd. 
 
 ETEXDARD, s. m., vexillum, n. L., 
 fahne, f. G., standard : in Botany, the 
 superior petal of the papilionaceous corol- 
 la; ordinarily larger than the rest, and 
 standing erect 
 
 ETERNUMENT, s. m., sternutatio, f. 
 L., rra^fios, riesen, n. G., sternuta- 
 tion : in Physiology, a convulsive action 
 of the expiratory muscles, whereby the 
 air is driven out, with great rapidity and 
 noise, through the nasal cavities ; bring- 
 ing with it mucus or foreign bodies which 
 may have adhered to the pituitary mem- 
 brane. Sneezing, a frequent consequence 
 of artificial stimulation, sometimes indi- 
 cates incipient inflammation, of that struc- 
 ture. It precedes the eruption of meas- 
 les; accompanies coryza ; and, occurring 
 on the decline of acute diseases, is deemed 
 a favourable sign. 
 
 ETHER, s. m., a/V?j, sether, m. L., 
 ather, m. G., ether : in Physics, a subtle 
 and elastic fluid, himmelsluft, f. G., 
 supposed to be generally diffused through 
 space, and destined to facilitate the mo- 
 tions of the heavenly bodies : in Chemis- 
 try, a fluid resulting from the action of 
 one or two acids upon alcohol, 'i he fol- 
 lowing is an enumeration of the principal 
 French and German Officinal Ethers : 1. 
 Ether acetique, F., JEther aceticus, L. 
 ( Pharm. Gallica), ~Ess\gathcr, G. ; 2. 
 miirialique ou ht/drochlorique, JEth. muri- 
 aticus, Saiz'dther, with its corresponding 
 Spirit, JEth. muriaticus alcoolatus, Salz- 
 alhereeist ; 3. nitrique, JEth. nitricus, 
 Salzpeter'dther, and Spirit, Spiritus ni- 
 tri dulcis, Sp. JEtheris nitrici, Ph. Lond., 
 Salzpetera/Aergeist ; 4. suljurique, ou 
 vitriolique, JElh. sulphuricus, Schwefel- 
 idther, with its compound Spirit, JEth. sul- 
 phuricus alcoolisatus, Ph. Gall., Spiritus 
 vitrioli dulcis, Sp. JEth. Sulphuric! comp. 
 Ph. Londinen., Versiisste Schwefelsaure, 
 Schwefela^Aergeist, the Hoffman's Ano- 
 dyne, Liqueur Minerale Anodsne de Hoff- 
 mann, Hoffmann's schmerzstillender Li- 
 quor, of French and German Pharmaco- 
 logists. The French have, also, Officinal 
 Solutions of Castor, Opium, and Phospho- 
 rus, respectively entitled E. de Castoreum, 
 rCOpium (JEther Opiatus, L., Opium- 
 nther, G.), et phosphors (JEth. Phospho- 
 ratus, Ph. Gall.), in sulphuric ether. E- 
 THkHE, adj., aiHtgiis, sethereus, ather- 
 isch, ethereal, composed, or possessing 
 the properties, of ether : Teinture etheree, 
 F., ethereal Tincture, a product of the 
 action of sulphuric ether upon substances 
 soluble in it. ETHERIFICATION, s. , . 
 conversion into ether. 
 
 ETHIOPS, s. m. (alfao-t, sun-burnt) : a 
 term employed, by the Ancients, to desig- 
 
 249 
 
 ETI 
 
 nate certain metallic oxydes and sulphu- 
 rets ; as 1. Eth. antimonie, F., JElhiops 
 antimonialis, L., a substance obtained by 
 treating Elhiops mineral, black sulphure't 
 of mercury, with sulphuret of antimony ; 
 and 2 martial, Wae& deutoxide of iron. 
 
 ETHMO;DE, s. m. and adj., Mpoitiv;, 
 
 ethmodes, ethmoides, ethmoideus, L., 
 
 siebformig, G., ethmoid : a term, or epi- 
 thet, applied, in Anatomy, to one of the 
 four azygous bones Vethmo'ide,os elhmoMe, 
 F., os ethmoides, L., siebbein, G., of 
 the cranium ; in the anterior part of the 
 basis of which it is situated. The name 
 of the bone is derived from the sieve-like 
 perforation (<>aj, a sieve, tJlos, resem- 
 blance) of its horizontal plate, for the pas- 
 sage of the filaments of the olfactorv nerve. 
 Articulated with the frontal, lachrymal, 
 sphenoid, superior maxillary, palatine, the 
 vomer, and inferior spongy bones; and de- 
 veloped by three points of ossification. 
 
 ETHMOIDAL, ETHMO;DIEN, adj., eth- 
 moidalis, ethmoideus, L. : an epithet ap- 
 plied to those parts which pertain to, or 
 are connected with, the ethmoid bone ; as 
 1. Arteres ethmo'idales, F., the ethmoidal 
 arteries, two in number; the anterior sup- 
 plied by the ophthalmic ; the posterior, of 
 variable origin : 2. Cellules ethmo'idales, ca- 
 vities formed in the substance of the bone, 
 and distinguished into the anterior and 
 posterior ethmoidal cells : 3. Cornet eth- 
 mo'ide, see CORNET, constituting the su- 
 periorspongy bone, of British Anatomists : 
 4. Crete ethmo'ide, see CRETE : 5. Nerf 
 ethmoid, the term applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the olfactory, or first pair of cerebral, 
 nerves : 6. Veines ethmo'idales, veins cor- 
 responding, in distribution, with the arte- 
 ries : 1. Apophyse ethmo'idale, a process 
 
 of the sphenoid bone connecting it with ; 
 
 and 8. Echancrure ethmo'idale, a notch of 
 the frontal, destined to receive the body 
 of the ethmoid bone. 
 
 ETHUSE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, JE- 
 thusa (Pentandria, digyn. ; Umbellifera ) t 
 L., der Gartenschierling, G., Fool's- 
 
 Parsley ; the principal species of which, 
 
 JE. cynapium, elh.Jetide, \efauxpersil, F., 
 kleiner schierling, stinkender peterlein, 
 G., a common European garden-plant, 
 frequently mistaken for parsley, but readily 
 distinguished by its long and pendulous 
 calyx-leaves, possesses all the poisonoits 
 properties of hemlock. See Roques, Phy- 
 tographie Medicale, v. ii, p. 69, pi. 101. 
 
 ETINCEI.LE, s. f., a-mv^, funke, m. 
 G., spark. Uet. electrique, F., scintilla 
 electrica, L., the electric spark. 
 
 ETIOLEMENT, s. m., chlorosis, f. L. : 
 in Vegetable Physiology, a phenomenon 
 
 exhibited by plants, planies etiolees, F.; 
 
 which, from privation of light, do not ac- 
 quire their natural colour development,
 
 ETR 
 
 and firmness of texture. In Pathology, 
 absence, or loss, of the wonted colour, in 
 man or the lower animals, may be induced 
 by abstraction from the influence of light ; 
 but is more frequently the consequence 
 of chronic diseases. 
 
 ETIOL.OGIE, s. f., aetiologia, f. (airta, 
 a cause, Xoya?, a discourse), L., atiologie, 
 f. G., etiology : that branch of Pathology 
 which has, for its object, the doctrine, or 
 knowledge, of the causes of disease. 
 
 ETISIE, s. , hectisis, f. (s|/?, habit of 
 body), L. : in Pathology, a constitutional 
 disease, of which emaciation forms the prin- 
 cipal symptom. ETIQUE, adj., hecticus, 
 fallen into, or connected with, a state of 
 hectisis : Ex. Indicidu clique, F., one suf- 
 ering from hectic fever, febris hectica, L., 
 ixrixo; trvgirof, das hektische fieber, G. 
 
 ETOILE, s. f., a/r-rgoti, stella, f. L., 
 stern, m. G., star. ETOILE, adj., stel- 
 latus, stellaris, stelliformis, L., gestirnt, 
 G., star-like, stellated : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Botany, to those parts, or organs, of 
 plants which assume the figure of a star, 
 as the calyx, calice etoile, F., of Lampsa- 
 na stcllata ; the corolla of Valantia crucia- 
 ta ; the stigma of Nympfuea radiata ; and 
 fruit of Damasonium stellatum : in Zoolo- 
 gy, employed as the specific designation 
 of animals, whose colours are disposed in 
 the figure of a star , as Ardea stellaris, a- 
 mong Birds ; and Mustelus asterias, among 
 Fishes : or whose bodies are adorned, like 
 those of Acipenser stellalus, and Astrea si- 
 derea, with minute star-like appendages. 
 The term, Etoile, ou Bandage etoile, is ap- 
 plied, in Surgery, to the figure of x band- 
 age, the fascia stellata, of Galen. 
 
 ETONNi;, adj. : an epithet employed, by 
 French surgeons, in conjunction with the 
 substantive, cerveau, to designate the state 
 of an individual who, from fall or blow, 
 has suffered concussion of the brain. 
 
 ETOUFFEMENT, s. m., suffocatio, f. L. 
 erstickung, f. G., suffocation : in Pa- 
 thology, a phenomenon attendant on vari- 
 ous diseases ; and induced by divers mor- 
 bid conditions, which either obstruct the 
 introduction of air into the pulmonary or- 
 gan, or prevent those changes which such 
 air is naturally destined to effect in the 
 pulmonary blood. 
 
 ETOUBDISSEMEVT, s. m., betaubung, 
 G. : the first grade of Vertigo. 
 
 ETRAXGLEMENT, s. m., strangulatio, 
 incarceratio, f. L., strangulation : in Sur- 
 gical Pathology, the condition of certain 
 parts of the animal body, when, from in- 
 flammation or displacement, they are pow- 
 erfully compressed, or constricted, by other 
 parts, as by a band. The abdominal vis- 
 cera are principally exposed to these acci- 
 dents : and the intestinal strangulations, 
 etranglements inteslinaux, F.,- distinguish. 
 250 
 
 EUC 
 
 ed into the internal and external. The for- 
 mer may arise from constriction of a por- 
 tion of intestine within the abdomen, by a 
 membranous band, by the natural appen- 
 dages of the canal, or an accidental open- 
 ing in the mesentery, omentum, or broad 
 ligament of the womb. The external stran- 
 gulations properly constitute hernia. They 
 may consist of any portion of the intesti- 
 nal canal, omentum, or urinary bladder 
 
 The strangulation, in such case, may oc- 
 cur in the natural aponeurotic openings of 
 the abdominal parietes, accidental ruptures 
 of them, or of the sac ; or be caused by 
 the neck of the sac itself, by a twisting of 
 the intestine, by the omentum, or by mem- 
 brane, of adventitious formation. In Pa- 
 thology, the term is syn. with ETOUFFE- 
 BIENT ; and the condition which it indi- 
 cates, may resultfrom the operation of simi- 
 lar causes : Finally, in Forensic Medicine, 
 strangulation, erstickung, f. G., implies 
 stoppage of the respiratory process, and 
 death, by ligature, or other compressing 
 force, applied round the neck. See Mar- 
 tini, Introduzione alia Medicina Leyale, v. 
 iii, Capo v. Appiccamento. 
 
 ETRIER, s. m., stapes, f. L., steigbvi- 
 gel, m. G. : in Anatomy, one of the bones 
 of the internal ear ; so named from its re- 
 semblance, in figure, to a stirrup. Articu- 
 lated, on one hand, with the os orbiculare, 
 it is united, on the other, to the whole cir- 
 cumference of the fenestra ovalis, by the 
 membrane of the tympanum. It has two 
 brandies, distinguished, from their direc- 
 tion, into an anterior and a posterior. The 
 
 Stapedius muscle, m. de Fetrier, F., 
 
 steigbiigelmuskel, G., is attached to a 
 portion of the bone, termed neck. 
 
 ETUI, s. m. : in Zoology, the sheath in- 
 closing the sting of Hymenopterous Insects; 
 in the Coleoptera, a synonym of ELYTRE. 
 
 ETUVE, s. f.,-stubenofen, m. G.,-stove: 
 a chamber, or confined space, raised to a 
 certain temperature, by artificial means ; 
 and employed, in Pharmacy, for the desic- 
 cation of vegetable substances : in Hygi- 
 ene, for the immersion of the animal body 
 in hot air, then constituting the dry stove, 
 Yet. seche, F., the laconicum, of the 
 ancient Romans, still used by the Turks ; 
 or in vapour, Vet. humide, F., vaporarium. 
 
 EU^EMIE, s. f., euaemia, f. (sJ, well a^a, 
 blood), L., eine gute beschatfenheit des 
 blutes, G., a good condition of the blood. 
 
 Er.KSTHEsiE, s. f., ivaiffffviria, euaes- 
 thesia, f. L., vigorous perception ; a good 
 condition of the senses, eine gute beschaf- 
 fenheit der sinne, G. 
 
 EUCHLORINE, s. f., euchlorina, f. L., 
 euchlorin, n. G. : a term applied, by Davy, 
 to the protoxide of chlorine, die hyperoxy- 
 genirte kochsaLzsaure, G. ; from its exhi- 
 biting a deeper colour than chlorine.
 
 EUP 
 
 EUCHROK, s. f., iv%<>ia, euchroea, f. 
 
 L., die gute hauifarbe, G.> a good com- 
 plexion. . Ev%(>/>u;, adj., of a healthy co- 
 lour or complexion. 
 
 EUCHYLIE, s. t., siixu*.iet, euchylia, f. 
 L., the health;/ condition ut' the chyle, die 
 gute beschaffenheit des chylus, G., or of 
 the fluids, generally. 
 
 EUCHYMIE, s. f., ii/%ufi'ia, euchymia, 
 f. L., a good condition of the animal flu- 
 ids, and, especially, of the chyme. 
 
 EUCRASIE, s. f., ivK^Ktria, eucrasia, f. 
 L,., good health, die gute gesundheit, f. 
 G. ; a healthy temperament : opposed, in 
 signification, to DYSCHASIE. 
 
 EUDIAPNEUSTIE, s. f., eudiapneustia, 
 f. (iu, well, lia-r^u, to transpire), L. : in 
 Physiology, a healthy state of perspiration. 
 
 EUDIOMETRE, s. m., eudiometrum, n. 
 (ilVia., the still atmosphere, fiir^ov, a mea- 
 sure), L., eudiometer, n. G. : in Chemis- 
 try, an instrument for measuring the de- 
 gree of purity of the atmospheric air, the 
 proportion of contained oxygen. EUDIO- 
 METRIE, s. f., eudiometria, f. L., eudi- 
 Qmetry, the art of employing an eudiome- 
 trical instrument^ inntr. eudiomctrique, F. 
 
 EUEXIE, s. f., tvi%i*, euexia, f. L. : a 
 good habit, or condition, of body : opposed, in 
 signification, to CACHEXIE. 
 
 EUNUQUE, s. m. and adj. : a term, or e- 
 pithet, applied to a man, ilvov%os, eunu- 
 chus, m. L., eunuch, castrtit, m. G., in 
 whom the spermato-poietic, or the whole 
 apparatus of genital organs have been re- 
 moved, with the view of rendering him 
 impotent or unproductive. Eunuchs were 
 employed, by the ancient Romans, in the 
 capacity of slaves and chamberlains (twti, 
 a bed or couch, i%&>, to guard). The sing- 
 ers in the churches and theatres of Italy 
 are commonly eunuchs. In the East, they 
 are, for obvious reasons, selected to super- 
 intend the women of the seraglio. 
 
 EUPATORINE, s. f., eupatorina, f. L. : 
 an organic alcali, discovered, by Riphini, 
 in Eupatorium cannabinum, 
 
 EUPEPSIE, s. f., il-x'i-^ia., eupepsia, f. 
 Li., good digestion, a healthy condition of 
 the digestive powers, die gute verdauung, 
 gute beschanenheit der vcrdaungsvermo- 
 gens, G. See DYSPEPSIE : also, digestibi- 
 lity, as of food, die leichtverdauiichkeit 
 einer speise. Evvi-rros, adj., eupeptus, 
 concoctu facilis, leicht verdaulich, di- 
 gestible, easy of digestion. 
 
 EUPHLOGIE, s. f., euphlogia, f. (t , 
 well, QKoyafis, inflammation), L., heal- 
 thy, benignant inflammation. 
 
 EUFHONIE, s. f., ilQuviu, (same, and 
 Quvri, voice), euphonia, f. L,., wohlklang, 
 m. G., euphony : an agreeable melodious 
 voice ; a sweetly modulated sound. 
 
 EUPHORBE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Euphorbia (Decandria, trigyn.), L., Ew. 
 251 
 
 EVA 
 
 tfe^iov, das Euphorbium, G., Spurge ; 
 constituting the type of the Natural Or- 
 der, EUPHOHBIACEES, s. f., pi., Euphor- 
 biacece, L., and comprehending numerous 
 species. Two of these, E. anliouorum, and 
 officinalis, furnish the violent drastic and 
 sternutatory gum-resin, EUPHORBE, s. m., 
 
 gomme-resine d'euphorbe, F., euphorbia 
 
 gummi-resina, L., euphorbiumharz, G 
 
 Of this, the French and Germans have an 
 Officinal Tincture, Tinct. Euphorbii, Ph. 
 Gall., Euphorbiumtinctur, G. The bark 
 of several other species, especially E. cy- 
 parissias, see, also, EPURGE, and ESULE, 
 is violently purgative : and the stems of 
 E. myrtifolia, are esteemed, by the physi- 
 cians of Curacoa,as antisyphilitlc, and pow- 
 erfully emmenagogue. The genus is said to 
 have derived its name from Euphorbug, 
 physician of Juba, King of Mauritania, 
 by whom it was first discovered. 
 
 EUPHRAISE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Euphrasia ( Didynamia, Angwsperm. ; Scro- 
 phularinte Rhinanthees, mod. French Bot- 
 any), L., der Augentrot, Eye-bright 
 
 One of its few species, E. qfficinalis, 
 e. officinale ou casse-lunette, F., was for- 
 merly much employed in diseases of the 
 eye. Hence the French, German, and Bri- 
 tish designations. Ei<pgair/, in the Greek, 
 denotes joy or cheerfulness. 
 
 EUPNEE, s. f., iv-rtoia, eupncea, eup- 
 noe, f. L., die gute freie respiration, G., 
 free respiration : opposed, in significa- 
 tion, to DYSPNEE. 
 
 EURHYTHMIE, s. f., eurhythmia, 
 (iS, well, pvtpos, rhythm), L., perfect 
 harmony : su^y^/a nu fftyvy/tou, regula- 
 rity of the pulse. Efyvfaos, adj., harmo- 
 nious : Pulsus eurhylhmus, L., ein ordent- 
 licher puls, G., a regular pulse. 
 
 EUTHANASIE, s. f., tl6a.va.ata. (same, 
 and ^avara;, death), euthanasia, f. L,., 
 der ruhige sanfte tod, G., an easy and tran- 
 quil death. 
 
 EUTHYMIE, s. , Mvp'to. (same, and 
 Hvp-is, mind), euthymia, f. L., die gute 
 gemuthszustand, G. cheerfulness, tranquil- 
 lity of mind. 
 
 EUTROPEIE, s. f., li/rgotpta, more cor- 
 rectly tlra.q>ia., eutrophia, f. L., wohl- 
 genahrtheit, f. G., healthy nutrition ; a 
 sound state of the body, from good nourish- 
 nent. 
 
 EUTONIE, s. f., ivrovlo., eutonia, f. L., 
 eutonie, festigkeit, f. G., -Jirmness of 
 lone, vigour. 
 
 EVACUATION, s. , evacuatio, egestio, 
 f. L., abfiihrung, ausleerung, f. G. : in 
 Physiology and Pathology, the act of emp- 
 tying by evacuant remedies, rcmedes eva- 
 cuants ou evacuatijs, F.,abfnhrende mit- 
 tel, G. Evacuations of the animal body are 
 either spontaneous ; or provoked by artifi- 
 cial means, as blood-letting, exutories, e-
 
 EVA 
 
 metics, purgatives, and diuretics. The 
 combination of several constitutes the eva- 
 cuant treatment, methode evacuante, F. 
 The term is, also, commonly applied to 
 the matters evacuated ; as the alvine and 
 urinary evacuations. 
 
 EVANOUISSEMF.NT, s. m., defectio ani- 
 mi, L. : in Pathology, syn. with SYNCOPE. 
 
 EVAPORATION, s. f., evaporatio, f. L., 
 ausdiinstung, f. G. : in Chemistry, the 
 transformation of a fluid into vapour. This 
 process may take place in vacuo, dans le 
 vide, F. ; in open air, a Fair libre ; or 
 under a greater than atmospheric pressure. 
 Evaporation from the surface of animal 
 and vegetable bodies is more correctly 
 termed transpiration or diaphoresis, 1ia,<pt>- 
 pvins, of the Greeks. EVAPORER, v. a., e- 
 vaporare, ausdunsten, to evaporate, to 
 reduce into a state of vapour. 
 
 EVENT, s. m., fistula, f. L., blaseloch, 
 n. G., blowing-hole : in Zoology, the ori- 
 fice, double in Baleena and Balanoptera, 
 single in the other genera, which exists up- 
 on the head of all the Cetacea; and through 
 which the water is forcibly ejected on its 
 introduction into the mouth, in the act of 
 taking food. It serves, also, for the pur- 
 poses of respiration. For an account of 
 the structure of the blowing-hole, see Cam- 
 per, Observat. Anatomiques surla Structure, 
 etc. de plusieurs Especes de Cetacea. 
 
 EVENTRATION, s. f., evcntratio, f. (e, 
 out of, venter, the belly), L,. : a term em- 
 ployed, in Surgical Anatomy, to designate, 
 1. a tumour formed by general relaxation 
 of the abdominal parietes, and containing 
 great part of the viscera ; 2. those hernise 
 which take place through any other than 
 the natural openings ofthe abdominal pa- 
 rietes ; and 3. extensive wounds of these 
 parietes, with protrusion of a large portion 
 ofthe intestines. 
 
 EVEHTICULE, s. m., everticulum, n. 
 Li. : in Surgery, an instrument for extrac- 
 tion from the bladder, of fragments of cal- 
 culus, or coagula of blood, left there after 
 the operation of lithotomy. 
 
 EVOLUTION", s. , evolutio, f. L,., ent- 
 wickelung, f. G. : a term applied to a pecu- 
 liar mode of increase of animal bodies, by 
 certain physiologists, who contend that the 
 germ ot the new being exists previously 
 to fecundation, and is merely developed, 
 evolve, F., evolutus, L. : in consequence 
 of such act : in Obstetrics, a movement, 
 spontaneous evolution, supposed to be per- 
 formed by the human foetus, a short time 
 previously to expulsion. 
 
 EVULSION, s. , evulsio, f. L. Synon. 
 with ARHACHEMENT. EVULSIF, adj., , 
 evulsivus, Li. : an epithet applied to any 
 instrument, or process, by which evulsion, 
 as of the teeth, when carious, or of the 
 hairs in tinea capitis, is accomplished. 
 
 252 
 
 EXA 
 
 EXACERBATION, s. f., exacerbatio, f. 
 (exacerbare, to provoke), L. : a term, in 
 Pathology, synon. with PAROXYSME, and 
 REDOUBLEMENT. 
 
 EXALTATION, s. f., verstiirkung, f. G. 
 Ex. des forces vitales, F., exaltatio virium, 
 L., exaltation of the vital powers : a term 
 employed, by modern Pathologists, to de- 
 signate a morbid increase of action, and es- 
 pecially that which takes place in an in- 
 named organ. By some writers, regarded 
 as synon. with inflammation itself. 
 
 EXAMBLOME, EXAMBLOSIE, S. , \\a.fJt,- 
 
 xayia, t,a./jt,Xu(ns, exambloma, n., exam- 
 blosis, f.L., abortion. See AVORTEMENT. 
 
 EXANIE, s. , exania, f. L. : a term, 
 compounded of the Latin preposition, ex, 
 and substantive noun, anus, and employed, 
 by Segar and Sauvages, to designate pro- 
 lapsus of the rectum. 
 
 EXANTHEME, s. m., iv^i*, literal- 
 ly an eruption or rash, and nearly synon. 
 with EFFLORESCENCE, exanthema, n.L., 
 exanthem, n. G. : a term employed, by 
 French Pathologists, to designate every 
 kind of eruption of which the skin may con- 
 stitute the seat. Dr. Willan, however, uses 
 it in a more restricted sense, as a synonym 
 of rash ; and under his 3rd Order of Cuta- 
 neous Diseases, Exanthemata or Rashes^ 
 arranges the genera, Rubeola, Scarlatina, 
 Urticaria, lloseola, Purpura, and Erythe- 
 ma. EXANIHEMATEUX, ExANTHEMA- 
 
 TIQUE, adj.. exanthematicus, an exan- 
 them betreffend, damit verbunden, per- 
 taining to, or connected with, an exanthe- 
 ma : Ex. Fievre exanthem., F., an exanthe- 
 matous fever. Exanthematologia, f. L.. 
 according to Kraus, the doctrine of the ex- 
 anthemata, die lehre von den ausschlagen, 
 G. Exanthesis, s. (i|v^i<r/j, efflorescence 
 or eruption), the eruption ot'&nexanthema, 
 das ausbrechen eines exanthems, G. 
 
 EXANTHROPIE, s. , exanthropia, f. 
 
 (l%dvfyuiros, misanthropic), L. Synon. with 
 
 MlSANTHHOPlE. 
 
 EXARCHIATRE, s. m., exarchiater, ex- 
 archiatros, m. (i&%os, a leader, /W^j, a 
 physician), L. : a title signify ing Jirst of 
 the principal physicians, see AHCHIATRE ; 
 sometimes conferred, by King or Empe- 
 ror, on his confidential medical adviser. 
 
 EXARTERITE, s. , exarteritis, f. (t|, 
 in composition, out of) a^m^a., an artery), 
 L., inflammation of the cellular or exter- 
 nal coat of arteries, Arlerite externe, F. In 
 like manner, the new substantive terms, 
 
 EXENTERITE, ExOCARDITE, ExOZSOPHA- 
 GITE, EXOGASTHITE, and EXOPHLEBITE, 
 
 feminine compounds of the Greek ix or \\, 
 
 with VTv, xxfSia, eltratfia'yos, yaffrrig, and 
 pxs^-, are employed, by French pathologi- 
 cal writers, to, respectively, designate ex- 
 ternal or peritoneal enteritis ; inflammation 
 of the external membrane ofthe heart, Pe-
 
 EXC 
 
 ricardite, V. ; of the oesophagus, (Esopha- 
 ffite extcrne ou ccllulaire , of the stomach, 
 Gastrite pfritonta/e : and of the reins, 
 Phlebite externe ou cellulaire. All these 
 terms may be latinized by conversion of 
 the final e into is, and gcrmanized by the 
 prefix of the feminine article, die, without 
 such conversion. 
 
 EXARTHREME, OU ExARTHROME, S. HI., 
 
 lla^jj^a, \^a.^^tifjt.a. (ixu(>6f>ica, to put out 
 of joint), exarthrema, exarthroma, n. L., 
 ausrenken, luxiren, n. G., dislocation. 
 
 EXARTHROSE, S. f., i*affyuiri;, CXar- 
 
 throsis, f. Li. Synon., as is also EXARTI- 
 CULATIOK, s. f., exarticulatio, f. L.., 
 
 With EXARTHHEME. 
 
 EXCARN ATION, s. f., excarnatio, f. L. : 
 a method employed, in Anatomy, to isolate 
 the blood-vessels, after injection, from the 
 pai'ts among which they are situated. The 
 agents, in the process, are putrefaction, or 
 immersion in an acid liquid. 
 
 EXCAVATION, s. f , excavatio, f. L.: in 
 Anatomy, a hollow or depression, enfonce- 
 ment, F., depressio, f. L., hohle, f. G., 
 existing on the surface of organs. 
 
 EXCISION, s. f., excisio, f. (excidei-e, to 
 cut out), L., ausschliessung, f. G. : in 
 Surgery, the removal of small tumours, or 
 lacerated portions of the various organs, 
 with a cutting-instrument. 
 
 EXCITABILITE, s. f., excitabilitas, f. L., 
 
 reizbarkeit, f. G., excitability : the 
 
 property possessed, by organized bodies, 
 of entering into action, under the influ- 
 ence of excitant or stimulating agents, 
 EXCITANTS, s. m. pi., excitantia,Li. 
 
 EXCITATEUR, s. m., excitator, m. L. : 
 in Physics, an instrument employed to 
 discharge a Leyden jar, or other electrical 
 apparatus, without exposing the operator 
 to the consequences ot the shock. Blain- 
 ville applies the term,facuUeexcitatrice, to 
 the power of excitement possessed by the 
 nervous substance. 
 
 EXCITATION, s. f., excitatio, f. L., 
 erregung, f. G. : in Physiology and Patho- 
 logy, the action of excitants upon the liv- 
 ing body. Excitation, when exercised on 
 a single organ, is local; general, when ope- 
 rating on the whole economy. 
 
 EXCITEMENT, s. m., incitamentum, n. 
 L., reizung, f. G. : according to Brown, 
 the product of forces acting upon the ex- 
 citability. See his Works, by Dr. "W. C. 
 Brown, 3 vol. London, 1834. Cullen em- 
 ploys the term to indicate a condition of 
 the brain opposed to the hypothetical state 
 of collapse. See First Lines of the Practice 
 of Physic. 
 
 EXCORIATION, s. f., excoriatio, f. (ex- 
 coriare, to remove the skin), L aufscharf- 
 ung der haul, G. See ECORCHURE. 
 
 EXCREATION, EXSCREATION, S. f., CX- 
 
 creatio, exscreatio, f. L., ausraspern, aus- 
 253 
 
 EXF 
 
 spucken, n. G., the action ofsjii/tiny suit 
 Ex. Sanguinis e.ccreationes, *L.,^spiiiinq of 
 blood. 
 
 EXCREMENT, s. m., excrementum, ex- 
 cretum, n., excretio, f. (excernere, to sepa- 
 rate from), L., $i.xupvftx, auswurf, m. 
 G. : a term employed in Physiology, to 
 designate all matters evacuated, as super- 
 fluous, from the animal body, by the na- 
 tural emunctories. Such are the intestinal 
 discharges, familiarly known, in common 
 language, as the fece's, or excrements, Ex- 
 crements, pi. F., die excremente, auswurfe, 
 
 G. EXCREMENTEUX, ExCREMENTITIEL, 
 
 adj., excrementitius, L,., excrementiti- 
 ous, relating to, or exhibiting the charac- 
 ters of, excrement : Ex. Humcurs excremen- 
 titieuses ; parties excrementitielles, F. 
 
 EXCREMENTO-EXCREMENTITIEL, adj., 
 
 excremento-excrementitialis, I,. : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Physiology, to animal 
 fluids, destined to be partly re-absorbed in- 
 to, and partly expelled from, the system. 
 
 EXCRETEUR, EXCRETOIRE, adj.,- ex- 
 cretorius, L., abfiihrend, absondernd, G., 
 excretory : an epithet applied, in Phy- 
 siology, to an organ, organe excretoire, F., 
 destined for the purposes of EXCRET ION, 
 s. f., excretio, f. L., absonderung, f. G. ; 
 
 or to a vessel, absonderunfjsgefiiss, n. G., 
 
 which conveys the fiuid, prepared by such 
 organ, from "the body. The term, Excre- 
 tion, is, also, familiarly employed, as a sy- 
 nonym of Excrement, to designate the ex- 
 creled mailer itself. 
 
 EXCKOISSANCE, s. f., excrescentia, f. 
 (excreseere, to grow out), 1.., auswuchs, 
 m. G., excrescence : in Surgical Patho- 
 logy, a prominent tumour, developed on the 
 various organs or tissues, especially the 
 skin, mucous membranes, and ulcerated 
 surfaces. They exhibit great diversities 
 of volume, form, and structure. SeeCRETE, 
 
 CONDYLOME, HE3IORRHO:DE, POLYPE, 
 
 and VERRUE. 
 
 EXCUSSION, s. f., excussio, f. Cexcutire, 
 
 to dislodge), L., agitation, commotion 
 
 Excutia ventriculi, L., brosse de testomac, 
 F magenburste, f. G., a stomach-brush. 
 
 EXELCOSE, s. f.,t%iixaffis, exelcosis, 
 f. L., schwaren, n. G., ulceration. 
 
 EXERESE, S. f., i%a!gffis (i^aieiu, to TC- 
 
 move, to take out), -exseresis, f. L., he- 
 rausnehmen, n. G. : in Surgery, the gene- 
 ric name of all operations which have, for 
 their object, the removal, from the body, of 
 morbid or superfluous parts ; as amputa- 
 tion, evulsion, excision, and extraction. 
 EXFOLIATION, s. f., exfoliatio, f. (ex, 
 
 from, folium, a leaf,) desquamatio, f. L., 
 
 ablatterung, f. G. : in Surgical Pathology, 
 the detachment, or elimination, of dead 
 portions of bone, cartilage, fascia, or ten- 
 don : ordinarily restricted, however, to se- 
 paration of the bony structure. EXFOJLI-
 
 EXO 
 
 ATIP, adj., desquamatorius, das all'dt- 
 tern befordernd, G., calculated to pro- 
 mote exfoliation ; as, in M ateria Medica, 
 an exf dilative remedy, medicament cxfolia- 
 tif, F. ; in Surgery, trepan exfol., an in- 
 strument destined to effect, or accelerate, 
 exfoliation. 
 
 EXHALAISON, s. f., exhalatio, f. L., 
 ausdiinstung, f. G., exhalation : the ema- 
 nation which rises from organized or inor- 
 ganic bodies, in a state of gas or vapour. 
 
 EXHALANT, adj., exhalans, L,., ex- 
 haling : an epithet applied, in General A- 
 natomy, to a set of vessels, vaisseaux ex- 
 halants, F., which constitute, according 
 to Bichat, a distinct system, systeme ex- 
 halant. They originate from the capillary 
 arterial system ; are distributed to all the 
 tissues of the economy ; and, exercising 
 the function of EXHALATION, s. f., exha- 
 latio, f. L., ava8vp'n.ffis, abdampfung, f. 
 G., pour out a peculiar fluid on the sur- 
 faces of the mucous and serous membranes, 
 and skin. Bichat distinguishes them into 
 three Orders, the exterior, interior, and nu- 
 tritive. EXHALATOIRE, adj., exhalatory : 
 an epithet applied to the product, fluide 
 exhalat., F., of the process of exhalation, 
 
 EXINANITION , s. ft, exinanitio, f. L., 
 erniedrigung, f. G. weakness, exhaustion. 
 
 EXOCHE, s. f. (i&%n, a prominence), 
 exochas, n. L., eirie weiche afterbeule, 
 G., a soft tumour developed on the exte- 
 rior of the anus. Die schon festeren after- 
 beulen nennt man condylomala, G. See CON- 
 
 DYLOME. 
 
 EXOCYSTE, s. f., exocystis, f. ({, out- 
 side, xufris, the bladder), L., blasenvor- 
 fall, m. G., eversion, or prolapsus, of the 
 urinary bladder. EXOMETRE, s. f., exo- 
 metra (same, and pvrga, the womb), L,., 
 eversion, renversement, F., of the uterus. 
 
 EXOGENES, s. m., pi. ('!, without, yiv- 
 laua, to engender) : a term conferred, by 
 Decandolle, on those plants, .Exogena, L., 
 whose vessels are disposed round a cel- 
 lular case : so that the more newly-produc- 
 ed are in the circumference, and the older 
 in the centre, see ENDOGENE. Of this 
 nature are all the woody dicotyledonous 
 plants. They are termed, by Richard, 
 EXORRHIZES. 
 
 EXOINE, s. f. : in Juridical Medicine, a 
 certificate of excuse for non-appearance, 
 or of exemption from the performance of 
 some duty imposed on an individual, in the 
 civil or criminal courts. Such certificate 
 is ordinarily given by a physician or sur- 
 geon ; and, when demanded by the consti- 
 tuted authorities, is named juridical, ju- 
 ridigue, F. ; when by the individual sum- 
 moned, private, officieuse ou privee. This 
 term, of uncertain origin, is probably de- 
 rived from the Latin verb, exonerare, to 
 exonerate. 
 
 254 
 
 KXP 
 
 EXOMPIIALE, 8. f., Iga/ttJaXev, 6X0111- 
 
 phalus, m. L. 3 nabelbruch, in. G., um- 
 bilical hernia. 
 
 EXONEIUOSE, s. f., exoneirosis, f. L., 
 an awkward compound of the Greek pre- 
 position, l|, and oviiaos, a dream, pollution 
 nocturne, F., emissio seminis nocturna, 
 L., die nachlliche samenergiessung, G. 
 
 EXCPHTHALMIE, s. f, exophthahnia, 
 f. (s|w, outside, efta*.ft,as, the eye), L., au- 
 genvorfall, m. G., exophthalmy : protru- 
 sion of the ei/e-ball from the socket, der 
 vorfall des auyapfels aus den augenhohle, 
 in consequence of disease, or of a tumour 
 developed at the bottom, or in the vicini- 
 ty, of the orbit. Hence it differs from 
 Procidentia oculi, ordinarily the effect of 
 wound or accident, and frequently admit- 
 ting of replacement of the organ. The 
 term, EXOHBITISME, s. m., exorbitismus, 
 m. L., employed, by Percy, as synon. 
 with E.cophthalmic, will obviously, from its 
 derivation (ex, out of, orbitus, the orbit), 
 comprehend protrusion of the eye-ball, both 
 from disease and accident. E'lo<p0aXft.os, 
 adj., having prominent eyes. 
 
 EXORRHIZE, adj. ('i%iu, outside, //, the 
 root) : an epithet applied, in Botany, to 
 certain plants, Exorrhizes, F., plantae 
 exorrhizte, L., die exorrhizen, G., fur- 
 nished with seeds,^-semina exorrhiza, L., 
 in which the radicles are already devel- 
 oped. Hence opposed, in signification, to 
 ENDORKHIZE. 
 
 ExOSTOSE, S. f., i^offruffi;, exostosis, f. 
 
 L.., knochenauswuchs, m. G. : in Surgi- 
 cal Pathology, an osseous tumour developed 
 on the surface, or in the cavity, of a bone. 
 French writers, distinguish three varieties 
 of the disease, \'ex. eburnee, resembling 
 ii'ori/ in aspect and consistence ; the lamel- 
 lated, laminee ; and spongy, xpongicitse. 
 
 EXOSSJOSE, s. f., exosmosis, f. (i%t, out- 
 ward, ufffto;, impulse), L. : a physico-orga- 
 nic or vital action ; by virtue of which, 
 minute hollow organs empty themselves of 
 their contained fluids. See EKDOSMOSE. 
 
 EXOTIQUE, adj., I^&ITIXOS, exoticus, 
 
 L., auslandisch, exotisch,G., exotic: an 
 epithet applied, in Natural History and 
 Materia Medica, to animals, plants, and 
 medicinal agents, the products of foreign 
 lands. EXOTICADENIE, s. f., exoticade- 
 nia, f. L., aversion ; EXOTICOMANIE, 
 s. f., exoticomania, f. L., excessive pre- 
 dilection for exotic remedies and methods 
 of cure, die iibermassige vorliebe fur 
 fremde arzneien, fremde curen, usw., G. 
 
 EXPANSIBILITE, s. f., cxpansibilitas, f. 
 L., ausdehnsamkeit, f. G., expansibili- 
 ty : in Physics, and Physiology, the pro- 
 perty enjoyed by certain bodies, and or- 
 gans, of occupying an increased space, from 
 separation of their constituent molecules. 
 EXPANSIBLE, adj., expansibilis, aus-
 
 EXP 
 
 dehnsam, endowed with expansibility. 
 
 EXPANSION, s. f., expansio, f. L., aus- 
 dehnung, f. G., the state of dilatation of 
 an expansible body : also, in Anatomy, the 
 prolongation of an organ or structure ; as 
 Exp. aponevrotique ou fibreuse, F., an a- 
 poneurotic or fibrous sheet. 
 
 EXPECTANTISME, s. m. : an expression, 
 employed by the moderns, to designate the 
 mania for expectant medicine, Medecine 
 expertante, F., evinced by some physici- 
 ans; who, proposing Hippocrates for their 
 model, restrict their practice to the obser- 
 vation of disease, without any effort to ar- 
 rest its progress. EXPECTATION, s. f., 
 expectatio, f. L., the practice of expect- 
 ant medicine. See AGISSANT. 
 
 EXPECTORANT, s. m. and adj., expecto- 
 rans (ex, out of, peclus, the breast), JL. : a 
 term, or epithet, applied, in Materia M e- 
 dica, to agents, expcctorans, F., remedia 
 expectorantia, L., &rw,s/mittel, G., which 
 promote EXPECTORATION, s. f., expecto- 
 ratio, f. L., auswurf, m. G., the act 
 whereby mucus and other fluids, accumu- 
 lating on the surface of the bronchial mem- 
 brane, are brought up from the respirato- 
 ry passages, into the mouth. The term, 
 expectoration, is also applied to the fluids, 
 themselves, expectorated. 
 
 EXPERIENCE, s.f., experientia, f. L., 
 lp.7tiiiK, erfahrung, f. G. : in common lan- 
 guage, the knowledge of things acquired 
 by long practice: in Medicine and Science, 
 a term synon. with 
 
 EXPERIMENT, s. m., experimentum, 
 n. L., 'Soxiju.a.ffix, probe, f., versuch, m. 
 G- : in Physiology, the vivisection of ani- 
 mals, undertaken with a view of making 
 discoveries in the structure or functions of 
 the various organs : in Pathology and Me- 
 dical Jurisprudence, a trial made upon man 
 or other animal, with a new pharmaceuti- 
 cal agent, or unknown alimentary sub- 
 stance, in order to determine its operation 
 or properties. EXPERIMENTATEUR, s. m., 
 experimentator,m.L., versuchmacher, 
 m. G., an experimentalist. 
 
 EXPERT, s. m. : in Forensic Medicine, 
 a physician, or surgeon, charged with the 
 drawing up of a juridical report. 
 
 EXPIRATEUR, adj., expirationi inservi- 
 ens, L., expiratory : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to those muscles, m. expira- 
 teurs, F., which, by contracting the pa- 
 rietes of the thorax, accomplish EXPIRA- 
 TION, s. f., expiratio, f. L., lxroj r 
 ausathmung, f. G., seu ae'ris inspirati et 
 in pulmonibus contenti, per asperam arte- 
 riam, os et nares expulsio, L. The muscles, 
 interested in this process, are principally 
 the Intercostales,Triangulares sterni, Ser- 
 rati postici inferiores, Obliqui and Recti 
 abdominis, Sacro-lumbales, and Quadrat! 
 lumborum. 
 
 255 
 
 EXT 
 
 EXPLORATION, s. , exploratio, f. L., 
 ffxtyi;, ausfbrschung, untersuchung, f. 
 G. : in Medicine, the act of investigating 
 the condition of the animal body, especi- 
 ally of the abdominal and thoracic organs, 
 
 by the eye, hand, and stethoscope, and 
 
 attentively noting all the phenomena of 
 disease which they may exhibit. 
 
 EXPRESSION, s. f., expressio, f. (c.rpri- 
 mere, to press out), L., ixviispos, aus- 
 pressen, n. G. : in Pharmacy, an operation 
 which consists in separating, by pressure, 
 the Huid interposed between the particles 
 of a body : in Physiognomy, the character, 
 ausdruck, m. G., in which impressions 
 received from without, are depicted on the 
 whole exterior, and especially on the coun- 
 tenance, of the human subject. 
 
 EXPULSIF, adj., expellens, expulsori- 
 us, (expellere, to drive out), L., austreib- 
 end, G. : an epithet applied, in Surgery, 
 to a bandage, b. expulsive, F., which has 
 for its object, the expulsion of the contents 
 of an abscess, or other morbid collection of 
 fluid: in Physiology and Obstetrics, to the 
 efforts made by the abdominal muscles and 
 diaphragm, to expel from the hollow organs 
 of the belly or pelvis, especially the womb, 
 their superfluous or irritating" contents. 
 
 EXSANGUE, EXSANGUINE, adj., exsan- 
 guis (ex, priv., sanguis, blood), L., blut- 
 los, G. : an epithet applied to individuals 
 who have naturally little blood, or sustain- 
 ed great losses from profuse blood-letting 
 or haemorrhage. 
 
 EXSICCATION, s. f. exsiccatio, f. L. 
 
 Synon. with DESSICCATION. 
 
 EXSPUITION, s. f., exspuitio, f. L., 
 XTvin;, wruffpos, ausspeyen, n. G. : the act 
 of clearing the mouth and fauces from the 
 fluids accumulated therein. 
 
 ExSTROPHIE, S. f., lx,ffr^o(fn (ixtrrpiifa, 
 to turn inside out), exstrophia, f. L,., 
 umkehrung, f. G. : in Pathology, extrover- 
 sion of the hollow organs, ana, especially 
 of the bladder, exstr. de la vessie, F.; a 
 congenital malformation, not uncommon. 
 
 EXSUDATION, s. f., exsudatio, L., 
 ausschwitzen, n. G. : the escape of a flu- 
 id from its ordinary reservoir in the living 
 body, and condensation on the exterior, or 
 on the surface of the internal cavities, in 
 minute drops resembling sweat. 
 
 EXTASE, s. ixrairis, ectasis, f. L., - 
 ektase, f. G., extacy : in Physiology, a 
 condition of the brain during which the 
 individual, exclusively occupied by one 
 train of thought, and absorbed in the con- 
 templation of one object, becomes insensi- 
 ble to the influence of all surrounding ob- 
 jects and impressions. 
 
 EXTEMPOHANE, adj., extemporancus, 
 L., unvorbereitet, G. : an epitnet appli- 
 ed to any medicinal agent, compounded 
 according to written prescription, not by
 
 EXT 
 
 formula. Such medicines are also termed, 
 in French, medicaments mayistraiix, to dis- 
 tinguish them from the ready-made or offi- 
 cinal preparations, mid. offtcinaux. 
 
 EXTENSEUR, s. m. and adj. : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the muscles, m. ex- 
 tenseurs, F., musculi extensorcs, L., aus- 
 streckende muskeln, G., destined to ex- 
 tend, or straighten, the limb, or organ, to 
 which their moveable extremity is attach- 
 ed. The following are the principal exten- 
 sor muscles of man : 1. M. extens. cnmmuu 
 des doigts (epicondylo-sus-phalangettien 
 commun, Ch.), F., ext. communis digito- 
 rum, L., gemeinschaftlicher ausstrecker 
 der finger, G.; passing from the outer hu- 
 meral condyle, from the internal surface 
 of the fascia, and the inter-muscular apo- 
 neurotic septum, to be attached, by four 
 flat tendons, to the posterior surface of the 
 2nd and 3rd phalanges of the four fingers. 
 
 2. Ext. propre (epicondylo-sus-phalan- 
 gettien, Ch.), da petit doigt, ext. proprius 
 minimi digiti, vel auricularis, eigener 
 ausstr. des kleinen fingers; passing through 
 a separate depression of the radius, and 
 ring of the annular ligament, to the little 
 finger : regarded, by British anatomists, as 
 the internal portion of the preceding. 
 
 3. Court ext. (cubito-sus-phalangien, 
 Ch.), du pouce, ext. brevis pollicis maniis, 
 see COURT ; from the posterior part of 
 the ulna, the interosseous ligament and 
 radius, its tendon passing through the 
 same groove as that of Ext. ossis metacar- 
 pi (Abducteur long, cubito-sus-metacarpi- 
 en, Ch. dupauee, of French Anatomists), 
 to the posterior surface of the first proper 
 phalanx of the thumb. 
 
 4. Long ext. du pouce (Cubito-sus-pha- 
 langettien, Ch.), Ext. longus, major 
 pollicis, langer ausstr. des daumens ; 
 from the posterior part of the ulna, and 
 interosseous ligament, to the posterior su- 
 perior part of the 2nd or extreme phalanx 
 of the thumb. This is, properly, the Ext. 
 secnndi internodii pollicis, of British Ana- 
 tomists ; the Ext. tertii internodii, of those 
 who incorrectly regard the thumb as pos- 
 sessing three phalanges. 
 
 5. Ext. propre de f index (Cubito-sus-pha- 
 langettien, Ch.), Indicator, ausstr. des 
 zeigefingers ; from the posterior part of 
 the ulna, and interosseous ligament, to 
 the posterior part of the fore-ringer, with 
 the tendon of the Ext. communis. A mus- 
 cle peculiar to man ? 
 
 6. Ext. propre dugros orteil (Pe'rone'o-sus- 
 phalangettien du pouce, Ch.), Ext. pro- 
 prius longus pollicis pedis, langer aussir. 
 der grossen zehen ; from the anterior and 
 middle third of the fibula, to the posterior 
 extremity of the superior surface of the 
 2nd phalanx of the great toe. 
 
 7. Ext. commun des orteib (Pe'rone'o-sus- 
 
 256 
 
 EXT 
 
 phalangt-ttien commun, Ch.), Ext. long- 
 us digitorum pedis, langer ausstr. der ze- 
 hen; from the head of the tibia, and ante- 
 rior angle of the fibula, by four tendons, 
 to the posterior extremities of the 2nd and 
 3rd phalanges of the four lesser toes. 
 
 8. Court ext. commun des or tails, ou Pedi- 
 enx (Calcane'o-sus-phalangettien commun, 
 Ch.), E.ct. brevis digitorum pedis, see 
 COURT ; from the anterior superior part 
 of the os calcis, from os ciiboidesand astra- 
 galus, by four tendons uniting with those 
 of the long extensor, to 1st phalanx of the 
 great toe, and upper surface of all the pha- 
 langes of the three succeeding toes. 
 
 For a description of the extensor muscles 
 of the leg, see DROIT anttrieur de la cuisse, 
 and TRICEPS femoral ; of the foot, Ju- 
 
 MEAUX, SOLEAIRE, PLANTAIRE grill! ; 
 
 of thefore-arm, TRICE PS brachial; of'tho 
 vertebral column, LONG-DORSAL, SACHO- 
 L.UMBAIRE, TRAXSVERSAIRE EPINEUX. 
 
 EXTENSIBILITY, s. f., extensibilitas, 
 f. Ij., ausdenbarkeit, f. G., extensibili- 
 ty : in Physics, the property possessed, 
 by certain bodies, of elongating, when sub- 
 jected to the simultaneous operation of 
 t'vo forces, acting in an opposite direction. 
 EXTENSION, s. f., extensio, f. L,., aus- 
 dehnung, f. G. : in Physics, the extent of a 
 body in one of its three dimensions : in 
 Physiology, the straightening of a limb, or 
 organ, previously bent, by the action of 
 extensor muscles : in Surgery, an operation 
 whereby the articular surfaces of a dislocat- 
 ed limb, or the fragments of a broken bone, 
 are reduced into their natural site. 
 
 EXTENUATION, s. f., extenuatio, f. I* 
 See AMAIGRISSEMENT, and ATROPHIE. 
 
 EXTERIEUR, s. m., and adj., exterior : 
 an epithet, applied, in Anatomy, to parts, 
 or surfaces, externally situated ; as the exte- 
 rior of an organ, ex. d'un orgtme, F. ; the 
 exterior surface of a human skull, super- 
 ficies ext. cranii humani, L., attssere scha- 
 delrlache eines miinnlichen schiidels, G. 
 
 EXTERNE, adj., externus, L. : an epi- 
 thet synon. with the preceding in its ad- 
 jective application ; and directly opposed 
 to internal, see INTERNE. External dis- 
 eases, maladies externes, F., morbi exter- 
 rit, L,., constitute the especial objects of 
 Surgical Pathology. 
 
 EXTINCTION, s. f., extinctio, f. L., 
 irSitris, auslochung, f. G. : in Chemistry, 
 extinction of lime, ext. de la chaux, F., 
 consists in its reduction to the state of hy- 
 drate, by the gradual aspersion of water ; 
 of mercury, extinctio hydrargyri, L,., 
 in trituration with other substances until 
 all the metallic globules have disappeared. 
 In Physiology and Pathology, extinction of 
 life, ext. de la vie, F., is synon. with 
 MORT;, of the voice, de voix t with in- 
 complete Aphonia.
 
 EXT 
 
 EXTIRPATION, s. f., extirpatio, f. (ex- 
 tirpare, to root out), L., ausrottung, fl 
 G. : in Surgical Pathology, the complete 
 removal, ausschnieden, n. G., of a mor- 
 bid structure developed in healthy parts ; 
 excision of the whole of a diseased organ. 
 
 EXTOZOAIRE, s. m., and adj. ('S.KTOS, out- 
 side, %av, an animal) : an epithet, or term, 
 applied, in .Zoology, to those animals, Ex- 
 tozoaires, F., extozoaria, L.,. which, like 
 the flea and louse, infest the exterior of the 
 bodies of others. Hence directly opposed, 
 in signification, to ENTOZOAIRE. 
 
 EXTRACTIF, s. m., and adj.,-^-extract- 
 ive : in Chemistry, a solid substance, so- 
 luble in water and' alcohol ; and formerly 
 classed among the immediate principles of 
 organized bodies: more recently looked up- 
 on as formed by divers combinations of an 
 acid, colouring matter, and an azoted body. 
 
 EXTRACTION, s. f., extractio, f. (extra- 
 here, to draw out, to extract), L., 11-sXxi/a-- 
 P.O;, ausziehung, f. G. : in Chemistry, 
 the act of separating a simple or compound 
 substance from a body of which it forms a 
 part s in Surgery, an operation by which 
 foreign or diseased bodies, or organs, are 
 removed from the interior by the natural 
 or artificial openings : as a bone from the 
 oesophagus ; a tooth from the jaw ; or an 
 urinary concretion from the bladder. 
 
 EXTRAIT, s. m., extractum, n. L. : in 
 Pharmacy, the product, hard or soft, of the 
 evaporation ot a fluid obtained either by 
 the expression of animal or vegetable sub- 
 stances, or by their subjection to the ac- 
 tion of alcohol or of water : as the Extrac- 
 tum Angelicae, Angelikwurzelea:<rae/, of 
 the German , and E-xtr. de Cancharidibus 
 alcohole paratum, of the Paris -Pharma- 
 copoea. For an account of the various Ex- 
 tracts employed in French and German 
 Pharmacy, see Pharmacopaea Gallica, p. 
 172, 383; and Schwartze, Pharmakolog- 
 ische Tabellen, Zweiter Band. Zweiter Ab- 
 schnitt, p. 221. 
 
 EXU 
 
 EXTRAVASATION, s. f., extravasatio, fl 
 L., austretung, f G. : in Pathology, the 
 escape of the animal fluids, especially blood 
 and serum, from their containing vessels 
 (extra,out of, vas,a vessel); and consequent 
 infiltration, or effusion, into the meshes of 
 the surrounding tissue, or an adjacent ca- 
 vity. EXTRAVASE, adj., effusus : ausge- 
 tretenes blut, G.,extravasated blood. 
 
 EXTREMITY, s. f., extremitas, f. L. : 
 in ordinary language, the part, or period 
 of time, forming the termination, of extreme 
 point, das ausserste, ausserste ende, G., 
 of any object or condition : as the extremi- 
 ty of an instrument ; or the last moments 
 of lite : le malade est a rextremite, F., the 
 patient is dying. In Anatomy, employed 
 as a synonym of MEMBRE. 
 
 EXTRINSEQUE, adj., extrinsecus, L., 
 ausserlich, G., extrinsic : in Anatomy, 
 an epithet applied to the external muscles, 
 m. extrinseques, F., of certain organs, 
 as the ear, tongue, and larynx; in order to 
 distinguish them from those, mus. intrin- 
 seques, which are situated in the interior, 
 or enter into the composition, of such or- 
 gans. In Pathology, maladies extrinseques, 
 external diseases. 
 
 EXTROVERSION, s. f., extroversio, f. L. 
 See EXSTROPHIE. 
 
 EXTUMESCENCE, s. ,- extumescentia, 
 f. (extumescere, to swell out), L.., swell- 
 ing, tumefaction. 
 
 ExuBERE,adj., exuber (ex, from, ubera, 
 a teat), L., weaned from breast or dug. 
 
 EXULCERATION, s. f., exulceratio, fl 
 L., superficial or incipient ulceration. 
 
 EXUSTION, s. f., exustio, f. L. Synon. 
 with CAUTERISATION. 
 
 EXUTOIRE, s. m., exutorium, n. L>, 
 exutory : an artificial ulceration of the 
 skin ; kept up by mechanical or irritating 
 agents, as issue-peas, seton-strings, and sti- 
 mulant unguents; in order to divert to the 
 surface, the morbid action seated in a more 
 important structure or organ. 
 
 F. 
 
 FAC 
 
 FABAGELLE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Zyyophyllum ( Decandria, monogyn. ; Zygo- 
 phyllea ),\j. die Bohnenkaper,G., Bean- 
 Caper; comprehending several species. 
 One of these, Z. fabago,/. commune, F., 
 a native of Syria, has an acrid and bitter 
 taste ; and is accounted vermifuge. The 
 recently-expressed juice of another, Z. sim- 
 plex, is employed, by the Arabians, to re- 
 move opacities of the cornea. 
 
 FACE, s. f. : in Anatomy and Zoology, 
 the anterior portion of the head of the 
 Mammifera, ie visage, F., facies, f., vul- 
 tus, m., os, n. L., xtfffuxov, antlitz, an- 
 
 257 
 
 FAC 
 
 gesicht, n. G. ; destitute of hair, in man, 
 and characterized by the presence of the 
 greater number of the organs of sense, 
 anterior capitis pars, non capillata, conti- 
 nens oculos, nasum, os, labia, mentum, ge- 
 nas, frontem, tempora et aures, L. The 
 face of Birds comprehends the ophthalmic 
 regions, cheeks, temples, forehead, and 
 vertex ; of Insects, all the parts situat- 
 ed between the labrum and prothorax. In 
 Botany, under the designation of face, 
 pagina, f. L. flache, f. G, are compriz- 
 ed both surfaces of a flat leaf: also, in com- 
 mon language, any given portion of an a-
 
 FAC 
 
 niraal or vegetable body, or organ : as la 
 face anterieure de la vessie, F., the anteri- 
 or surface of the bladder ; la/, super ieure if 
 unefeuille, the superior surface of a leaf. 
 
 Pathologically considered, the human 
 countenance exhibits innumerable diversi- 
 ties of form, expression, colour, volume, 
 and motion ; the importance of which will 
 be correctly appreciated, by the medical 
 Physiognomist, in the discrimination and 
 prognosis of various diseases. The term, 
 face hippocratique,y., fades hippocratica, 
 L.., das hippokratische gesicht, G., so 
 named, from having been first described by 
 the illustrious Greek, quoniam Hippocra- 
 tes, primus, hanc faciem inter lethalia mor- 
 borum acutorum signa recensuit is, also, 
 employed to designate that profound alte- 
 ration of the human visage ; which, at once 
 recognized by the experienced eye, is, al- 
 most invariably, the precursor ot death ; 
 especially when occurring towards the 
 close of acute diseases. 
 
 FACETTE, s. f. : a term employed to de- 
 signate, in Anatomy, a small circumscribed 
 portion of the surface, petite face, F., 
 fades parva, L., ein kleines angesicht,G., 
 of a bone ; as the articular surface, face 
 articulaire, F., of the os pisiforme: in Mi- 
 neralogy, the minute faces of Wystals. In 
 Zoology, the compound eyes of Insects, 
 formed by an innumerable assemblage of 
 eyelets, each receiving a filament of the 
 optic nerve, arenamed/ae^te-eyes, yeux 
 afacettes, F., netzaugen, G. 
 
 FACIAL, adj., facialis, L.., belonging, 
 or relating, to the face : Exs. 1. L,'angle 
 facial, F., facial angle, formed by two 
 ideal lines ; one of which, passing through 
 the meatus auditorius, terminates at the 
 anterior extremity of the alveolar process 
 of the upper jaw : while the other, die 
 faciallime, G., facial line, directed up- 
 wards from the latter, touches the most 
 prominent point of the forehead. See Dic- 
 tionnaire des Sciences Medicales, v. ii., Art. 
 Angle. 2. Artere faciale, labiale, ou maxil- 
 laire externe (palato-labiale, Ch.), facial or 
 external maxillary artery, ausserekiefer- 
 arterie, G., a branch of the external caro- 
 tid (itself, denominated V&rtere faciale, by 
 Chaussier) ; passes over the lower jaw by 
 the anterior margin of the masseter mus- 
 cle, and distributes its ramifications to the 
 face and palate : 3. Veine faciale (palato- 
 labiale, Ch.), the facial vein, runs ob- 
 liquely across the face ; receives branches 
 corresponding to those of the artery ; and 
 terminates in the internal jugular vein. 
 4. Nerf facial, portio dura pans septimi, 
 antlilznerve, facial nerve ; which, aris- 
 ing from the lower and lateral part of the 
 pons Varolii, quits the cranium by the in- 
 ternal auditory foramen ; enters the aquae- 
 ductus Fallopii ; and receives a twig from 
 
 258 
 
 FA I 
 
 the Vidian nerve: and, having supplied 
 filaments to the muscles of the internal 
 ear, and sent off the chorda tympani, emer- 
 ges by the stylo-mastoid foramen ; perfo- 
 rates the parotid gland ; and is distributed, 
 in three principal divisions, to the muscles 
 of the face. The bones which fourteen in 
 number, exclusive of the teeth, consti- 
 tute the frame-work of the face, are, also, 
 termed the facial bones, die/c. ; /knoch- 
 en, G. : and the numerous muscles which 
 confer the wonderful mobility, and count- 
 less varieties of character and expression, 
 upon the human countenance, the/o'a/ 
 muscles, musculi/aciafcs, L. 
 
 FACTicE,adj factitius(/cm-,tomake), 
 L., kiinstlich, G. : an epithet applied to 
 all chemical, made in imitation of natural, 
 productions: as Eaux minirales factices ou 
 artiftcielles, F., factitious or artificial mi- 
 neral waters. See EAU. 
 
 FACULTE, s. f., facultas, f. L., Si/'va^, 
 vermo'gen, n. G., faculty : in Physio- 
 logy, the power of executing any act or 
 function ; inherent in a body, and conti- 
 nuing as long as the disposition of the 
 parts, which confers such power, is main- 
 tained. The assemblage of the intellectu- 
 al faculties, constitutes the intellect, en- 
 tendement, F. By the French writers, the 
 terms, Facultes and proprieles vitales, are 
 employed as perfectly synonymous. 
 
 FAGARIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Fagara, ( Tetrandria, monogyn. ; Terelin- 
 tuceai), L. der Fagara, G. The bark, leaves, 
 and capsules, of one of the species, F.pipe- 
 
 rita, f. poivrt, F., growing in Japan, 
 
 possess the flavour of pepper; and are em- 
 ployed, by the natives, as a condiment. 
 
 FAGOUE, s. m., brustdriise, f. G., 
 
 sweetbread : a popular designation of the 
 thymus gland ; termed also, riz de veau. 
 
 FAIBLESSE, s. f., weakness : defect of 
 energy. FAIBLE, adj., feeble : an epithet 
 applied, in ordinary and pathological lan- 
 guage, to individuals, organs, or functions, 
 which exhibit signs of defective energy. 
 
 FAIM, s. f., fames, esuries, esuritio, f. 
 L.., iipos, ri/V, hunger, G. and E. : in 
 Physiology, an uneasy sensation conse- 
 quent on want of food; the desire of intro- 
 ducing solid aliment into the stomach when 
 the organ has been, for some time, empty. 
 F. bovine, canine, de loup, F. See Bou- 
 I.IMIE, and CANIN. 
 
 FAINE, s. f., buchmast, f. G., beech- 
 mast : the fruit of the common beech, Fa- 
 gus sylvatica, le httre, F., der buchen- 
 baum, G. : from which a pure edible oil is 
 obtained, by expression ; and an alimentary 
 farina, susceptible of conversion into bread. 
 
 FAISAN, s. m. : a genus, in Ornithology, 
 Phasianus (Gattitiacees, Cuv. ; Gallina, 
 LinnA L., der Fasan, G., Pheasant ; 
 containing several species. Of these, the
 
 FAL 
 
 common pheasant, Ph. colchicus, lefais. 
 vulgaire, F., <pa<r/at>a?, der gemeine/asa?i, 
 G., and the domestic fowl, Ph. gallus, 
 le coq, (a a.KtxTU(>, KoCi n aXsxro^j, cock 
 and hen), der haushahn, of Indian ori- 
 gin, and comprehending numerous varie- 
 ties, are the principal. The flesh of both 
 species affords a grateful and highly nu- 
 tritious aliment. The young, especially 
 in a state of domestication, are subject to 
 a destructive malady, termed Gapes, re- 
 sulting from the irritation of an entozoary 
 animal, Fasciola trachea, Montagu, Dis- 
 toma trachea, Rudolphi ; which, attaching 
 itself to the membrane of the windpipe, 
 induces suffocation. Tobacco-fumigations 
 are said to be its specific remedy. See 
 Montagu, Ornithological Dictionary, Sup- 
 plement, Art. Pheasant ; or Rennie's Edi- 
 tion, p. 370. The assumption of the male 
 plumage and the spur by the hen-birds of 
 these species, on cessation of the genera- 
 tive functions, constitutes an interesting 
 and curious physiological fact ; to which a 
 parallel may be observed in the beard de- 
 veloped on the chin of the human female, 
 in the decline of life. See the Wernerian 
 Transactions, v. iii, p. 183. The Pheasant 
 has derived its designations, generic and 
 specific, from Phasis, a river of Colchis, 
 the modern Mingrelia : whence this valu- 
 able bird was first brought into Europe, 
 by the Argonauts, on their return from 
 the celebrated expedition into Asia. 
 
 FAISCEAU, s. m. : a term employed, in 
 Anatomy, to designate a little bundle, fas- 
 ciculus, fascellus, m. L., or assemblage 
 of fibres, either aponeurotic, muscular, or 
 nervous ; as respectively distinguished by 
 the corresponding adjectives, aponevrotique, 
 musculaire, nerveuse, F. : in Botany, an as- 
 semblage, biischel, m. G., of closely ar- 
 ranged flowers, the short and straight pedi- 
 cles of which issue from the same point, 
 and attain nearly the same level, as in Di- 
 anthus barbatus ; a packet of leaves enclosed 
 in a common sheath, as in Larix ; or of 
 stamens connected by their filaments, as in 
 polyadelphous plants. 
 
 FALCIFORME, adj., falciformis, falca- 
 tus, L., SfTvE(i?, sichelformig, G., 
 falciform : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to those parts of the body, which resemble, 
 in figure, a scythe or sickle, falx, f'alcis, m. 
 Ij.,faux, f. F., l^tKiivn, sichel, f. G. : as 
 1. the falciform ligament of the liver, li- 
 gam. falciforme, ou FAUX, du/ote: 2. the 
 falciform production, or process, of the du- 
 ra mater, repli falciforme de la dure-mere, 
 ou grande faux cerebrate, processus/afci- 
 formis, vel/air, cerebri, der sichelformige 
 fortsatz der harten hirnhaut : 3. the fal- 
 ciform sinuses of the dura mater, sinus 
 fakiformes de la dure-mere, superior and 
 inferior, commonly termed longitudinal si- 
 
 259 
 
 FAR 
 
 nuses : 4. the falciform fold of the crural 
 fascia, expansion falciforme de faponevrose 
 fascia lata ; attached, by its superior ex- 
 tremity, to the crural arch ; and, with an 
 opening for the transit of the vena saphena, 
 forming the anterior boundary of the cru- 
 ral canal. In Zoology and Botany, em ploy, 
 ed for the specific designation of certain *a- 
 nimals and plants, whose parts, or organs, 
 as the wing of Anas falcaria, among Birds; 
 and of PUilypterix falcataria, among Lepi- 
 dopterous Insects ; the fin of Monodactylus 
 falciformis, among Fishes; and the leaves of 
 Mesembryanlhemum falciforme, and legumes 
 of Astragalus falciformis, among Plants, ex- 
 hibit such resemblance. 
 
 FALSIFICATION, s. f. Synon. with A- 
 
 DULTJiRATION. 
 
 FAMILI.E, s. f., familia, f. L., familie, 
 f. G., family: in Natural History, a group 
 of genera connected by common characters; 
 and exhibiting a close affinity in organiza- 
 tion: as the modern Family of the Fahoni- 
 dte, comprizing the various genera which 
 formerly constituted the great Linnsean 
 genus, Falco, among Birds , and the Fami- 
 ly of the Umbelliferee, among Pentandrous 
 Plants. 
 
 FANON, s. m. : in Surgery, a splint, 
 ferula, f., thorulus stramineiis, L,, of pe- 
 culiar figure, employed in fracture of the 
 lower limbs, to preserve the extremities 
 of the bone in contact. There are two va- 
 rieties of this instrument, le f. vrai, et 
 faux, F. : the latter merely a fold of linen 
 introduced between the former and the frac- 
 tured limb. The drap-fanon is a piece of 
 folded linen placed below the limb, and en- 
 veloping tha real f anon, or lateral splint. 
 In Zoology, the term, fanon, is applied 1. 
 to the tuft of hair, cirrus, m. L., zote 
 am pferdefuss, G., which grows behind 
 the fetlock of the horse : 2. to the fold of 
 loose skin, palear, n. L.., wamme, f. G., 
 dewlap, which hangs from the anterior 
 inferior part of the neck, in the Cow and 
 Sheep : and 3. to the assemblage of horny 
 plates, whalebone, transversely fixed up- 
 on the palate of the Balance or Edentate , 
 hence termed, also, Whalebone Whales. 
 
 FARD, s. m., fucus, m. L. 3 schminke, 
 f. G. : a cosmetic preparation, consisting of 
 divers substances, either animal, as car- 
 mine, see COCHENILLE; vegetable, as 
 
 benzoin, and the colouring matter of Car- 
 thamus, see CARTHAME; or mineral, as 
 the sub-nitrate of bismuth, BLANC de 
 fard, and the oxydes of lead, mercur3 r ,and 
 tin: and employed principally, not exclu- 
 sively, by women to improve the complex- 
 ion, or soften the skin. They are, howe- 
 ver, generally pernicious: and, by impair- 
 ing the permeability, and consequently 
 the functions, of the skin, sometimes in- 
 duce cutaneous diseases. 
 32
 
 FAS 
 
 FARINE, s. f., farina, f. L., */<, 
 mehl, n. G. : the commonly while, soft, and 
 tasteless powder, obtained by trituration of 
 the seeds of the Graminea, Leguminosce, and 
 Cucurbitacece. The farina of wheat, to 
 which the term, simply used, in common 
 language, exclusively applies, is compos- 
 ed of 74,5 starch ; 12,5 gluten; 12 watery 
 saccharine extract ; and 1 resin. In the 
 composition of bread and pastry, it is pre- 
 ferable to the farina of the other cereal 
 plants. The farina of rice, -far. de riz, is 
 employed, by the French, hi the prepara- 
 tion of potages ; of linseed, f. des graines 
 de I'm, in that of cataplasms. FARINACE 
 adj., farinaceus, farinaceous : an epithet 
 applied to substances which possess the 
 property, or exhibit the characters, of Ja- 
 rina. Used, also, as the specific designation 
 of certain plants which, like Pezizafarina- 
 cea, are covered with a mealy powder : and, 
 in this signification, synon. with 
 
 FARINEUX, adj., farinosus, L., mehl- 
 ig, G., farinose : an epithet employed to 
 designate 1. in Hygiene, those parts of 
 plants which, like the perisperm of the 
 Graminece, are reducible into farina by tri- 
 turation : 2. in Botany and Zoology, the 
 parts, or organs, of Plants, and of Insects ; 
 which, like the branches of Loranthus , 
 and seeds of Phaseolus Jarino*us, and the 
 petals of Primula farinosa ;-^the body of the 
 female of Coccus farinosus, and the elytia 
 of Melolontha fannosa, are sprinkled with 
 a white powder, resembling farina : 3. in 
 Pathology, a species of herpetic eruption, 
 Dartre farineuse, F characterized by 
 desquamation of the epidermis, in the form 
 of a whitish farina. 
 
 FASCIA, s. m., binde, f. G. : a term in- 
 troduced from the Latin into the French 
 and English languages, to designate cer- 
 tain aponeuroses ; of which the following 
 are the principal : 1. F., ou Aponevrose, ili- 
 aqne, F., /. iliaca, L. : an aponeurosis 
 which proceeds from the tendon of the 
 Psoas parvus, or the anterior surface of the 
 P. magnus, when the former does not ex- 
 ist. It is attached, externally, to the in- 
 ternal labium of the crista ilii : anteriorly 
 and below, to the crural arch ; in one di- 
 rection, sending off a process to the fascia 
 transversalis ; in the other, continuous 
 with the deep-seated lamina of the /. lata : 
 internally and behind, to the superior a- 
 perture of the pelvis, and continuous with 
 the pelvic aponeurosis. See PELVIEN. 
 It separates the Psote and Iliacus interims 
 muscles, from the peritoneum. 2. A. fas- 
 cia lata, crurale, ou femorale, die breite 
 binde, G. : attached to the external mar- 
 gin of the crista ilii, to the sacrum, coccyx, 
 ischium, and pubis : united, below, with 
 the tendon of the Triceps ; inserted into 
 the external tuberosity of the tibia ; and 
 
 260 
 
 FAS 
 
 finally continuous with the fascia of the 
 leg. It envelopes the muscles of the thigh, 
 and sends down processes into the inter- 
 stices between them. For an account of 
 the Muscle du fascia lata, see TENSE UR 
 3. A. superjicielle del 'abdomen et de la cuisse, 
 -f. superficial : a thin aponeurosis ; 
 which, having invested the abdominal 
 muscles and aponeuroses, passes in front 
 of, and intimately adheres to, the crural 
 arch ; and sends off a membranous sheath 
 which envelopes the spermatic chord, and 
 contributes to the formation of the DAR- 
 TOS. Below the crural arch, it exhibits 
 distinct fibres, of a direction parallel to 
 the bend of the thigh ; is applied on the 
 fa-scia lata ; and inserted into the ascend- 
 ing ramus of the ischium, near the root of 
 the corpus cavernosum. 4. Fascia trans- 
 versalis : an aponeurosis which separates 
 the Transversalis muscle from the perito- 
 neum in the inguinal region. It arises 
 from the posterior margin of the groove 
 formed by the aponeurosis of the Obliquus 
 ea'ternus; loses itself, above, in the cellular 
 tissue which covers the internal surface of 
 the Transversalis ; is continuous, interior- 
 ly, with the external border of the Rectus, 
 and withGimbernat's ligament; a.\\A,below, 
 proceeding from the aponeurosis of the 
 external oblique, receives a strong process 
 of the iliac fascia. About the centre of the 
 crural arch, it is perforated with an oblong, 
 vertically-directed, opening, the orifice 
 of the funnel-shaped canal which gives 
 passage to the spermatic chord of the male, 
 and round ligament of the female subject. 
 
 FASCICULE, s. m. : literally, a little bun- 
 dle ; and, consequently, synon., in Botanv, 
 with FAISCEAU : in Pharmacy, a quantity 
 of herbs or roots which may be taken up 
 with the bent arm, an armful, brassie, 
 F. ; according to others, a handful, une 
 poiffnee, F., ^ti^'r^Ms-, manipulus, L., 
 
 eine handvolle, G. FASCICULE, adj., 
 
 fasciculatus,Ij., biischelartig, biischelfor- 
 mig, G., fasciculated, united in bundles ; 
 as, in Botany, the leaves, flowers, filaments, 
 spines, branches, and roots, of divers plants. 
 
 FASCIE, adj., fasciatus, fasciolaris, fas- 
 ciolatus, L., bandformig, bandirt, G. : an 
 epithet applied, in Botany, to the branches, 
 peduncles, and petioles of plants, when ex- 
 hibiting a malformation, FASCIATION, s. 
 f., fasciatio, s. fl, consequent on the sol- 
 dering together of several of them, natu- 
 rally distinct, in A filet-like form; as some- 
 times seen in Asparagus : in .Zoologv, em- 
 ploved as the specific designation of ani- 
 mals; which, like Blennius fascia/us, among 
 Fishes, and Mactrafasciata, among the Tes- 
 taceous Mollusc.a, are marked, on the exte- 
 rior, with a broad coloured line, or band. 
 
 FASCICLE, s. f. : a genus of Entozoary 
 Animals, Fasciola, L. ; described, by Ru-
 
 FAU 
 
 dnlphi, under the title of Distoma, see 
 DISTOME; and arranged, by Cuvier, Regne 
 Animal, v. iii, p. 262, among the Intesfi- 
 naux Parenchymateux, of his fourth great 
 type, or division, les Zoophytes. The fol- 
 lowing are the distinguishing characters 
 of the genus : Body flattened or cylindri- 
 cal, soft; without distinct articulations: 
 two orifices , one terminal, the mouth ; the 
 other situated about the anterior third, on 
 the ventral surface, of the animal ; and 
 probably connected with the organs of ge- 
 neration. It contains, according to Ru- 
 dolphi, Entozoorum Synopsis^ p. 92, 362, 
 161 species; which inhabit the biliary 
 ducts or Vertebrated Animals, especially 
 Fishes, and Birds, and, sometimes, the tra- 
 chea of the latter, see FAISAN. One spe- 
 cies, F. hepalica, la Douce dufoie, f. he- 
 patique,Y-, der leberwurm, leberegel, G., 
 has been, occasionally, found in the hu- 
 man gall-bladder ; but more frequently 
 infests the biliary vessels and duodenum 
 of the Ruminantia, of the horse, ass, pig, 
 and hare. It is the cause of the rot, 
 POURRITURE, in sheep. See Cows Com- 
 plet d'Histoire Naturelle, etc., v. i, p. 72, 
 pi. 12, fig. vii, viii. 
 
 FATUIIE, s. f. See FOLIE. 
 
 FAUNE, s. f., fauna, f. L. : in Natural 
 History, a work containing a description 
 of all the animals, as a Flora, of the plants, 
 indigenous in any particular country or 
 district. Thus Turton's British Fauna, 
 comprehends an outline of the Zoology of 
 the British islands ; and Low's Fauna Or- 
 cadensis, of that of the Orkneys, as far as 
 each was known at the period of publica- 
 tion. Sometimes, the term has been in- 
 correctly applied to delineations of one 
 Class, or even Order, of the Animal King- 
 dom. Thus, the Fauna Etrusca, of Rossi, 
 is exclusively devoted to an account of 
 the Insects of Tuscany ; and Paykul's Fau- 
 na Suecica, to that of the Coleoptera of 
 Sweden. The Faune des Medecins, a hi- 
 therto unfinished work of Hippolyte Clo- 
 quet, on the other hand, includes a de- 
 scription of all those animals, without re- 
 ference to their geographical distribution ; 
 which, from the dietetic or medicinal qua- 
 lities of themselves or their products, or 
 the injuries inflicted by them on the hu- 
 man body, are entitled to the especial no- 
 tice of the medical philosopher. 
 
 FAITSSE : the feminine gender of the 
 French adjective, FAUX; an epithet con- 
 ferring the designation of false or spurious 
 upon any object to which it may be appli- 
 ed : as, in Anatomy, 1. the false ribs, les 
 fausses cotes, see COTE ; 2. fausse suture, 
 see HARMONIE ; 3. fausses vertebres, 
 a term given, by some Anatomists, to the 
 osseous pieces which constitute, by their 
 union, the sacrum and coccyx : in Morbid 
 
 261 
 
 FAU 
 
 Anatomy, fausse membrane, see PSEUDO- 
 MEMBRANE : in Surgery, fa usse route,-falsa 
 via, L., the fake passage made into the 
 parts adjacent to the urethra, by unskilful 
 introduction of bougie, catheter, or sound : 
 in Obstetrics, 1. fausse couche, syn. with 
 AVORTEMENT; 2. fausse grossesse, a term 
 for abdominal tumefaction accompanied by 
 all the phenomena of pregnancy, and ordi- 
 narily consequent on the presence of coa- 
 gula, hydatids, or a mole or some analogous 
 production, -fausse conception, F., within 
 the cavity of the uterus : in Materia Me- 
 dica and Pharmacy, 1. fausse Angusture, 
 see BRUCEE ; 2. Cannette, the bark of 
 Laurus cassia ; 3. ecorce de Winter, the 
 product of Drymis winterana, vel punc- 
 tuata, seeCANNELLE ; 4. fausse Emulsion, 
 see EMULSION. 
 
 FAUX, s. , falx, f. L., sichel, f. G. : 
 a term applied, in Anatomy, to divers 
 membranous processes which exhibit the fi- 
 gure of a scythe or sickle. Of these, the 
 principal are 1. Faux du cerveau (repli lon- 
 gitudinal de la meninye, Ch.), -falx cerebri, 
 L. : a process of the dura mater, see FAL- 
 CIFORME, lodged in the groove which se- 
 parates the two hemispheres of the brain, 
 la scisHire interlobaire du cerveau, F. : at- 
 tached, anteriorly, to the crista galli : ad- 
 herent, above, by its convex border, which 
 contains the superior longitudinal sinus, 
 to the inner surface of the cranium : its 
 inferior concave border, enclosing the in- 
 ferior longitudinal sinus, quite free : and 
 posteriorly, where it enfolds the straight 
 sinus torcular Herophili,. resting on the 
 tentorium cerebelli: 2. F. (septum median, 
 Ch.) du cervelel,falx cerebelli, die sichel 
 des kleinen gehirns, G. : a triangular pro- 
 cess of dura mater, extending from the 
 centre of the tentorium, along the middle 
 spine of the os occipitis, to the lateral parts 
 of the foramen magnum ; and separating 
 the two lobes of the cerebellum. 3. Grande 
 f. du peritoine, ouf.dela veine ombilicale : a 
 falciform process of membrane sustained 
 by the umbilical vein, and extending from 
 the umbilicus to the inferior surface of the 
 liver. 4. Petites f. du peritoine : a term 
 applied to the lateral ligaments of the li- 
 ver, and the elevations of peritoneum 
 formed by the umbilical arteries. 
 
 FAUX,adj., falsus, spurius,L., \l>to&)it, 
 falsch, G., false, spurious : an epithet 
 applied, in the Medical Sciences, Zoology, 
 and Botany, to the conditions of an organ, 
 or objects, not really possessing, or possess- 
 ing only in a low degree, the genuine cha- 
 racters of those which they simulate or 
 resemble. Thus, in Pathology, slight or 
 sub-acute inflammation of the lungs is 
 termed, by the French, fausse peripneumo- 
 nie, peripneumonia notha, L.. Aiefalsche 
 lungenentziindung, G. ; of the pleura,
 
 FEC 
 
 fausse pleurtsie ; and certain forms of an- 
 eurism, ANEVRisME/awa-: in Obstetrics, 
 a mole, coagulum of blood, or other unor- 
 ganized and inanimate mass, occupying 
 the site of the ovum in utero, -faux germe, 
 germen spurium, L.., see FAUSSE : in 
 Materia Medica, the Iris pseudacorus, 
 faux ACORE ; and the tonic and febrifuge 
 bark of Malpighia mourella,faux Simarou- 
 ba. In Zoology, the cutaneous appendage 
 which, filled with fat, and destitute of os- 
 seous rays, exists in certain fishes, and 
 forms the posterior dorsal fin of Salmo sa- 
 lar, has obtained the designation of fausse 
 nageoire ; and the posterior membranous 
 feet of caterpillars, that offausses pattes ; 
 in order to distinguish them from the six 
 anterior, true, or scaly feet, pattes ecail- 
 leuses, F., of these animals : and, in Bo- 
 tany, the abortive ovaries, frequently ob- 
 served in the male and neuter flowers of 
 the Syngenesice, are named faux ovaires. 
 
 FAVEUX, adj., favosus (favus) L.., 
 wabenartig, bienenzellig, G. : an epithet 
 applied, in Pathology, to a species of Ti- 
 nea, Porrigo favosa, Willan, in which 
 the effused mucus assumes some resem- 
 blance to a honey-comb. Synon. with FAVI- 
 
 FORME. 
 
 FEBRICITANT, adj., febricitans Cfebri- 
 citare, to be sick of a fever), febriens 5 L. 
 feverish, suffering from fever. 
 
 FEBRIFUGE, adj. (febris, fever, fuaare, 
 to drive away),L., fieber vertriebend,G. : 
 an epithet applied, in Therapeutics, to 
 those remedies, Febrifuges, F., .febrifuga, 
 
 Li., die fiebermittel, ft., which possess 
 
 the property of subduing febrile excitement. 
 See ANTI-PYRETIQUE. 
 
 FEBRILE, adj., febrilis, L., w^trntas, 
 fieberisch, fieberhaft, G., caused by, 
 or connected with,fever : as Mouvement fe- 
 brile,F., & febrile commotion; pouls febrile, 
 & feverish pulse ; gateau febrile, aguecake, 
 of vulgar English, a tumefaction of the 
 spleen, liver, or mesenteric glands, conse- 
 quent on an attack of intermittent fever. 
 
 FECES, 9. f., faeces (pi. of fax, dregs or 
 lees of wine), Li. : a term applied, in Phar- 
 macy, to the sediment, bodensatz, m. G., 
 deposited by a turbid liquid, when left 
 at rest : in Physiology, synon. with fecal 
 evacuations, malieres fecales, F., mate- 
 rise ftecales, L. ; and, consequently, with 
 EXCREMENT. 
 
 FECUNDATION, s. , fecundatio, f. L., 
 .befruchtung, f. G. : in Physiology, the 
 action whereby, in organized beings, the 
 germ, contained in the organs of the fe- 
 male, receives from those of the male, the 
 vivifying principle requisite for its deve- 
 lopment. 
 
 FE"CUNDITE", s. f., fecunditas, f. L., 
 fruchtbarkeit, f. G. : the faculty of repro- 
 duction, possessed by organized bodies. 
 
 262 
 
 FEM 
 
 FLcuLE, s. f., fsecula, f. L., literally 
 small dregs or lees : in Chemistry, an im- 
 mediate principle of vegetables, composed 
 of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. It ex- 
 ists in various plants. When extracted 
 from wheat or barley, it is named, AMI- 
 DON, in French; of which the term,Jecule 
 amylacee, is employed as a synonym : sago, 
 see SAGOU, when furnished by the Cy- 
 cas circinalis ; salep, by the Orchis morio. 
 The designation, fecule, is also applied to 
 the meal of the root of the arum, bryony, 
 potatoe, and Jalropha manihot ; and that 
 off. verte, to CHLOROPHYLLE. 
 
 FECULENT, adj., faeculentus, L. : an 
 epithet applied, in Chemistry, to fluids 
 rendered turbid by fee u la, or chlorophylle : 
 in Physiology, to matters possessing the 
 odour, or characters, otfeces. 
 
 FECULITE, s. f. : a generic name given, 
 by Desvaux, to all the immediate princi- 
 ples of vegetables: which, as AMIDINE, 
 INULINE, and ULMINE, are pulverulent, 
 unalterable bv exposure to air, destitute 
 of taste and odour, insoluble in cold water, 
 alcohol, and ether : but soluble in warm 
 water, and forming with it, a kind of jelly. 
 
 FEMELLE, s. f., and adj., femella, f., 
 femineus, L., weibchen, n., weiblich, G., 
 female : a term, or epithet, applied, in 
 Zoology, to that individual of a species with 
 two sexes, which produces young : in Bo- 
 tany, to flowers, Jleursfemelles, F., weib- 
 liche bliithen, G. ; which, destitute of the 
 male organ or stamen, are exclusively 
 furnished with pistils ; and to a plant, 
 spike, or catkin, when producing only fe- 
 male flowers. To tiri^v, the female sex. 
 
 FEMME, s, f., femina, mulier, f. L.., 
 <ywn, weib, n. G., woman: the female of 
 the human species. See Moreau, Histoire 
 Naturelle de la Femme, vol. 2, Paris, 1803. 
 
 FKMORAL, adj., femoralis : an epithet 
 employed to designate, in Anatomy and 
 Pathology, any part, organ, or morbid af- 
 fection, which is connected with, or situat- 
 ed in, the thigh, femur, n. L., pn^i, 
 schenkel, m. G. ; as Artire fimorale, her- 
 niefemorale : and, thus employed, perfect- 
 ly synon. with CRURAL. The following 
 compounds of the adjective have been in- 
 troduced, by Chaussier, into the reformed 
 system of anatomical nomenclature: 1. 
 FEMORO-CALCANIEN, adj., femoro-calca- 
 neus, L., as designative of the Plantaris 
 muscle ; from its attachment to the exter- 
 nal condyle of the femur, and the os calcis : 
 
 2. FEMORO-POPLITE, femoro-popliteus, 
 
 of the branches of the femoral artery, or- 
 dinarily known as the perforating arteries, 
 les ar te res perf or antes, F., of the thigh : 
 3.FEMORO-POPHTI-T1BIAL, femoro-pop- 
 liti-tibialis ; of the Popliteus muscle; 
 from its attachments to the external con- 
 dyle of the femur, and head of the tibia,
 
 FEM 
 
 and its passage across the ham : and 4, FL> 
 
 MO ao-T IBI v L, femoro-tibialis, of the 
 
 knee-joint ; as resulting from the articula- 
 tion of the femur with the tibia. For a 
 description of the Muscle femoral, see CRU- 
 RAL, and TRICEPS ; of the Biceps femo- 
 ral, BICEPS de la cuisse: of the Pubio-, 
 Sous-pubio-, and Ischio-femoral, see ADDUC- 
 
 TEUR: of the I lio-aponevrosi- femoral, 
 
 TENSEUR: of the femoral bone, FKMUR. 
 
 In Zoology, employed to distinguish 
 parts, or organs, which are inserted, like 
 the plumes fimorales of Birds, into the 
 thiffh ; or as the specific designation of 
 Insects furnished, like Ceratopogon femora- 
 tus, and Pedinus femoralis, with thighs of 
 extraordinary volume or configuration. 
 
 FEMUR, s. m., n.L , pups, schenkel, 
 oberschenkel, m. G., thigh, see CUISSE : 
 in Human and Comparative Anatomy, the 
 first and superior division of the inferior 
 or posterior, or, more correctly speaking, 
 pelvic or sacral limb of man, and all the 
 other biped and quadruped Vertebrata. In 
 the human subject, it is composedof A. one 
 large, long, and cylindrical bone, Os de la 
 cuisse, ou da femur, F., os femoris, L., 
 eberschenkelbein, G., femoral or thigh-bone, 
 exhibiting a body, marked, posteriorly, 
 with a rouyh line, ligne apre, linea aspe- 
 ra, rauhe linie ; and two extremities, a 
 superior or pelvic, articulated by its spheri- 
 cal head and neck, la tite et le col, F., 
 caput et collum, L,., with the deep sock- 
 et, ACETABULE, of the os inominatum, 
 and furnished with two other large proces- 
 ses, le yrandet le petit trochanter,(tTOcha.n- 
 ter et trochantin, Ch.) trochanter major 
 et minor, grosser und kleiner rollhiigel, 
 for the attachment of muscles ; and an 
 inferior or tibial, articulated with the tibia, 
 by the two condyks, condyle externe et in- 
 terne, F., which present, respectively, an 
 external and an internal tuberosity, and are 
 separated, posteriorly, by a deep cavity, 
 
 fossa condylorum posterior, L,., grube 
 
 zwischen den gelenkhiigeln, G., wherein 
 the crucial ligaments are inserted. B. Nu- 
 merous Muscles, for the most part, bound 
 down, and separated, by a strong Aponeu- 
 rosis, see FASCIA lata ; and susceptible of 
 the following division, according to their 
 attachments : 1. those which pass from the 
 trunk or pelvis, to be inserted into the thigh- 
 bone; Psoas magnus,Iliacus internus, three 
 Adductores femoris, Pectinaus, three Glutei, 
 Pyriformis, two Obturatores, internus et 
 extemus, two Gemelli, and Quadratus fe- 
 moris : 2. those which, originating from the 
 thiffh, obtain, either through the medium 
 of the patella, or directly, an insertion into 
 the leg-bones ; the Crurceus, and two Vas- 
 ti, externus et internus, Biceps flexor cru- 
 ris, Semi-membranosus, and Popliteus (the 
 Gastrocnemius externus, and Plantarif, al- 
 263 
 
 FEN 
 
 though attached to the os/emoris, constitut- 
 ing muscles of the leg, rather than of the 
 thigh) : and 3. those which, while forming 
 a portion of the thigh, and, hence, strictly 
 designable as femoral muscles, have no at- 
 tachment to the thigh-bone itself; Tensor 
 vaginae femoris, Sartorius, Rectus femoris, 
 Gracilis, and Semi-tendinosu-s. c. the Liga- 
 ments, see LIGAMENT, capsular and 
 
 round, capsular, crucial, and lateral, by 
 which the head, and condyles, of the thigh- 
 bone, are attached, respectively, to those 
 of the pelvis, and leg. D. the Blood-vessels : 
 of these, the principal are the femoral and 
 the gluteal arteries, see FESSIER ; and 
 two veins, one deep-seated, see CRURAL, 
 the other cutaneous, SAPHENE. E. the 
 Lymphatic absorbents, with their apparatus 
 of inguinal glands, see GANGLION. F. the 
 Nerves, principally the anterior and poste- 
 rior crural, see SCIATIQUE : and G. the 
 cellular membrane, adipose structure, and 
 common integument enveloping the whole. 
 
 FENETBE, s. f., fenestra, i. L., tu^is t 
 literally, a window : a term employed, 
 in Anatomy, to designate two orifices si- 
 tuated in the internal paries of the cavity 
 of the tympanum : one, -f. ovale ou vesti- 
 bulaire, F., fenestra ovalis, L., eirundes 
 fensler, G., covered by the base of the 
 stapes, and corresponding to the cavity of 
 the vestibule ; the other, f. ronde ou coch- 
 leaire, -fenestra rotunda, rundes fensler, 
 oder loch, closed by a delicate transpa- 
 rent membrane, and communicating with 
 the internal spire of the cochlea. 
 
 FENETRE, FENESTRE, adj., fenestra- 
 tus, L., Su^uras, fensterartig, gefen- 
 stert, G. : an epithet applied, in Surgery, 
 to plasters and compresses, which are perfo- 
 rated with openings, as an edifice with win- 
 dows. The perforated adhesive plaster, 
 Vempldtre agglutinatif fenetre, F., serves 
 to restrict, within a given limit, the action 
 of caustic, in the formation of an issue. 
 In Botany, and Zoology, employed as the 
 specific designation of plants, and animals, 
 whose parts, or organs, are perforated, like 
 the cotyledon of Menispermum fenestratum, 
 the leaf of Dracontium pertusum, and sili- 
 cttle of Cochlearia fenestrafa, with minute 
 orifices or slits , or exhibit, like the winy 
 of Anthrax fenestrella, transparent spots 
 sim ulating for am ina. 
 
 FENOUIL, s. m. : in Botany, formerly a 
 species, belonging to the genus, Anethum, 
 see ANET : now transferred, by Smith, 
 to Meum ; and taken, by Hooker, as the 
 type of a new genus, Ftsniculum, L., der 
 Fenchel, G., Fennel. The seeds, die 
 fenchelsamen, G., of the common fennel, 
 Anethum , Meumfeeniculum, F. vulgare, 
 ftugizfyov, are aromatic, stimulant, and 
 diuretic. French and German Officinal Pre- 
 parations : an Essential Oil, and Distilled
 
 FER 
 
 Water, Oleum , et Aqua stillatitia de 
 Seminibus, Feniculi, Ph. Gall., Fen- 
 chelb'l,und Fenchelwasser, G. German: a 
 
 Compound Powder, Zusammengesetztes 
 
 Fenchelpulver. F. d'eau, see PHEI.LAN- 
 BRE. 
 
 FENTE, s. f., fissura, f. L., |>yaj, 
 spalte, f. G., cleft or fissure : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to A. the long and slen- 
 der openings, or slits, which naturally tra- 
 verse the whole substance of a bone : as 1. 
 F. ethmo'idale, F. ; situated at the anterior 
 part of the cribriform lamella of the eth- 
 inoid bone : 2. sphenoidale, ou orbitaire 
 superieure, between the greaterand lesser 
 wings of the sphenoid : 3. spheno-max- 
 illaire, ou orbit, inferieure ; formed by the 
 sphenoid, superior maxillary, malar and 
 palate bones : and 4. gleno'idale, ou scis- 
 sure de Giaser,fissura Glasseri, L., die 
 Glasserche spalte, G., which transmits 
 the chorda tympani, and anterior muscle 
 of the malleus: B. any narrow slit separat- 
 ing the two portions of a soft part. In Sur- 
 gical Pathology, the slender fracture, most 
 frequently occurring in the cranial bones, 
 is termed fente , and the epithet, CAPIL- 
 LAIRE, when added, denotes its excessive 
 tenuity. FENDU, adj., fissus, gespalt- 
 en, cleft, divided : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to the parts, or organs, of plants 
 which exhibit a mesial division, with near- 
 ly-approaching borders : as the calyx, ca- 
 liee fendu, F., of Lampsana rhagadiola ; 
 the sheath, gain? fendue, of the Grami- 
 ne<B ; and the Up, levre fendue, of the 
 labiate corolla of Salvia bicolor. In Zoo- 
 logy, the wings of Insects, when exhibiting 
 deep marginal clefts, are termed ailes fen- 
 dues ; ana the feet of Birds, with the toes 
 quite unconnected to the base, piedsfendus. 
 
 FENU-GREC, s. m. : a species, in Bota- 
 ny, belonging to the genus, Trigonella, 
 see TRIGONELLE. The seeds of fenugreek, 
 T.fanum grascum, das griechische heu, 
 bockshorn, G., a native of southern 
 France, are bitter and mucilaginous. 
 
 FER, s. m., ferrum, n. L., <r/S^j, 
 eisen, n. G., iron: a well-known and 
 widely-diffused metal, Marts, of the Al- 
 chemists; existing naturally, in combina- 
 tion with oxygen, sulphur, arsenic and 
 other simple bodies. Specific gravity ,7,788. 
 It is seldom medicinally employed in a pure 
 state : although l\\e filings, Limaiile defer, 
 -F., Limatura ferri, L,., Gepulvertes 
 eisen, Priiparirte eisenfeile, G., when 
 acted upon by acid contained in the primae 
 vise, evidently exert a tonic operation. The 
 following are the principal French and 
 German Officinal and Pharmaceutical Pre- 
 parations : 1. A Malate, Malas Ferri, 
 Ph. Gall., of which, Aepfelsaures Eisen, 
 the Germans have a Tincture, Aepfel- 
 saure Eisentinctur ; and an Extract, Ei- 
 264 
 
 FER 
 
 senhaltiges QuittenExtract, Extr. Mar- 
 tis cydoniatum, L. : 2. A Simple Muriate, 
 
 Murias Protochloruretum Ferri, 
 
 Salzsaures F.isenoxyd, Peroxyd des Ei- 
 sens ; of which the French have an Ethe- 
 real Alcoholic, and the Germans, an Alcoho- 
 lic Tincture, Tinct. jEtherea Alcoolicade 
 Muriate Ferri, Salzsaure Eisentinctur : 
 3. a Muriate of Ammonia and Iron, Mu- 
 rias Ammonise et Ferri, Eisenoxydhalti- 
 ges Salzsaures Ammonium : 4. a Sulphate, 
 Sulphas Ferri viridis, Schwefelsaures 
 Eisenoxydul, Griines Schwefelsaures Ei- 
 sen : 5. a Tartrate of Potass and Iron, 
 TartrasPotassseetFerri, Eisenweinstein, 
 Eisenoxydhaltiges Weinsteinsaures Kali ; 
 of which the French have a T. Potassse et 
 Ferri liquidus, olim Tinetura Mai tis tar- 
 tarisata, and the Germans, an analogous 
 preparation, and Troches, Tabellae de Fer- 
 ro, Ph. Gall., Eisenweinsteinkugeln, G. : 
 5. a Brown Oxyde, Oxydum Ferri fus- 
 cum, Braunrothes Kohlensaures Eisen- 
 oxyd, Kohlensaures Eisen (Carbonas Fer- 
 ri), Eroffnender Eisensafran (Crocus Mar- 
 tis aperiens) : and a Wine, Vinum cha- 
 lybeatum, Eisenwein, Stahlwein. 
 
 The Germans have, in addition, an Ace- 
 tate of Iron, Essigsaures Eisen, and an 
 Ethereal Tincture of it, Aetherische Es- 
 sigsaure Eisentinctur; a Phosphate, and 
 
 Prussiate, Phosphorsaures und Blau- 
 
 saures Eisen ; each the basis of a liquid 
 preparation, respectively entitled Scho- 
 beltscher Phosphorsaurer Eisenliquor, and 
 Blutrothe Anthrazothionsaure Eisen- 
 Oxyd-Tinetur. 
 
 FERINE, adj., ferinus, L. : an epithet 
 which, in conjunction with the French sub- 
 stantive toiix; signifies a dry and obstinate 
 cough, stickhusten, G. 
 
 FERMENT, s. m., fermentum, n. L., 
 fypv, gahrungstoff, m. G., leaven : in 
 Chemistry, an insoluble precipitate, com- 
 posed of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and a- 
 zote ; and obtained from the juice of sac- 
 charine fruits, as the grape, gooseberry, 
 and cherry, after their subjection to the 
 vinous fermentation. It enjoys the pro- 
 perty of exciting fermentation in solutions 
 of pure sugar. The gluten, separated from 
 the cereal grains, and especially that of 
 wheat, exhibits a close analogy, and is, by 
 some, considered identical, with it, see 
 LKVURE. Like the animal substances, it 
 yields, when exposed to heat, an ammoni- 
 acal product. In Humoural Pathology, 
 an imaginary principle introduced into, or 
 developed in, the animal economy; which, 
 by exciting fermentation, deteriorates the 
 humours, and gives rise to various diseases. 
 
 FERMENTATION, s. f., fermentatio, f. 
 L., ^vfn-uiris, gahrung, f. G. : an interior 
 and spontaneous movement developed in 
 bodies ; the products of which are sub-
 
 FES 
 
 stances not previously existing. Three 
 kinds of fermentation are ordinaril}' recog- 
 nized : the alcoholic, or vinous, alcoolique, 
 spiritueuse, vinetise, F. ; the acid or acetous, 
 acide, aceteuse, acetique , and the putrid 
 or ammoniacal, putridj, putrefactive, ou 
 ammoniacale. The product of the fiist is 
 alcohol, carbonic acid gas, and a peculiar 
 principle, consisting of decomposed leav- 
 en ; of the second, acetic acid ; of the last, 
 an infectious principle, see PUTREFAC- 
 TIOX. By some Chemists, two other va- 
 rieties of fermentation are admitted : the 
 panary, see PANAIHE, composed of the 
 alcoholic and acid ; and the saccharine, in 
 the progress of which, sugar is developed. 
 FERMENTESCIBLE, adj., -fermentationi ob- 
 noxius, ^upuTixoc, gahrungsfahig : pos- 
 sessing/mHenta/iwproperties, combining 
 the conditions requisite for the develop- 
 ment of the process of fermentation. 
 
 FERRAMENS, s. m., pi., ferramenta, n. 
 Li., eisenwerke, n.G. : a popular designa- 
 tion of surgical instruments, and, especially, 
 those employed in difficult parturition. 
 
 FERRUGINEUX, adj., ferrugineus, fer- 
 ruginosus, Ij., ferrugineous : an epithet 
 applied, in Chemistry, to bodies contain- 
 ing iron, eissnhaltig, G. ; as a chalybeate 
 mineral water, Eau miniraleferrugineuse, 
 F. : in Botany, and Zoology, to plants, and 
 animals exhibiting the colour of rust of iron, 
 eisenrostbraun, rostfarbig, G. ; as Poly- 
 porus ferreus, amongthe-Fim^and Carabus 
 ferruginosus, Coleopterous Insects. 2<5g.'- 
 rf *ytj, iron ore; x<Ve;, the loadstone. 
 
 FERTILITE, s. f., fertilitas, f. I*, 
 fiipaj/a, fruchtbarkeit, f. G. : the quality 
 of productiveness. FERTILE, adj., ferti- 
 lis, iSfa^os, vro\v$!>as, fruchtbar, pro- 
 ductive: E.T. Fleur fertile, F., tiosfcrti- 
 lis, L.j a flower containing both mate and 
 female organs ; etamines fertiles, Stamens, 
 with anthers full of pollen. 
 
 FERULE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Fe~ 
 rula (Pentandria, diyyn. ; Umbelliferas), L., 
 das Ruthenkraut, G., Giant-Fennel; 
 comprehending many exotic species : one 
 ot which, F. assa-fietida, Persica, yields 
 the well-known gum-resin, ASSA FCETIDA. 
 
 The Ammoniacum, AMMONIACIUE, has 
 
 been erroneously described, by some wri- 
 ters, as the product of another. The F. 
 communis is the va^til, of Greek Botanists. 
 
 FESSE, s. f., yXowros, wyri, clunis, m. 
 and f., nates, f. pi., L., hintertheil, die 
 hinterbacken, G., buttock, or buttocks : 
 in Anatomy, two rounded eminences, si- 
 tuated at the posterior inferior part of the 
 trunk ; and principally constituted by the 
 greater and two lesser gluteal muscles, 
 and by the adipose structure situated be- 
 tween the former and the skin. 
 
 FESSIER, adj., glutseus, L., gluteal : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to parts 
 
 265 
 
 FET 
 
 which belong to, or enter into the compo- 
 sition of, the buttocks. Of these, the prin- 
 cipal are A. the Gluteal Muscles, Muscles 
 fetsiers, F., <xvycu, Musculi glutai, L., 
 die Gesimmuskeln, G. ; three in number: 
 
 1 . Muscle grand f easier (sacro-fe'moral, Ch.), 
 F., glutseus magnus, maximus, L., 
 grosser gesassmuskel, G. ; extending from 
 the posterior part of the external labium 
 of the crista ilii, from part of the external 
 surface of the ilium, from the posterior sur- 
 faces of the sacrum, coccyx, and the great 
 sacro-sciatic ligament, to a rough impres- 
 sion which is observed between the troch- 
 anter major, and linea aspera, of the thigh: 
 
 2. mot/en fessier (grand ilio-trochan- 
 te'rien, Ch.), glutaeus medius, mittlere 
 gesassmuskel ; from all the outer lip of 
 the crista ilii as far as the posterior tuber- 
 osity, from the dorsum of the bone be- 
 tween the crest and semicircular ridge, 
 from the rough space situated between the 
 anterior superior and inferior spinous pro- 
 cesses, and the inside of a fascia which co- 
 vers its anterior part, to the superior bor- 
 der of the great trochanter : 3. petit fes- 
 sier (petit ilio-trochanteiien, Ch.), glu- 
 tseus minimus, kleinster gesassmuskel ; 
 from the semicircular ridge of the ilium, 
 and the space comprized between it and 
 the margin of the acetabulum, to the sum- 
 mit of the great trochanter. B. the Glu- 
 teal Artery and Vein : 1. Arterc fessiere, ou 
 iliaque posterieure, F., arteria glutaa, L.., 
 the largest branch of the internal iliac 
 or hypogastric ; quits the pelvis by the 
 superior part of the great sciatic notch ; 
 and, upon reaching the posterior region of 
 that cavity, divides into a superficial and a 
 deep-seated branch ; the latter subdividing 
 into three secondary branches, which are 
 distributed to the 'gluteal and adjacent 
 muscles, and anastomoze with the sciatic 
 and external and internal circumflex ar- 
 teries : 2. Veine fessiere, vena gluttca ; 
 exhibiting the same disposition as the cor- 
 respondent artery, c. The Gluteal Nerve, 
 Nerf fessier, a large branch of the lum- 
 bo-sacral ; which issues from the pelvis, 
 by the sciatic notch, above the Pyriformis, 
 and is principally distributed to the lum- 
 bar muscles. 
 
 FETIDITE, s. f. : the quality of exhaling 
 
 fetid vapours, or & fetid odour, St/-$/. 
 
 Syn. with Puanteur. FETIDE, adj., foe- 
 
 tidus, ^viru^tis, stinkend, G., fetid, 
 
 stinking : an epithet applied to substances 
 which exhale an unpleasant odour, either 
 under friction or exposure to fire, as, in 
 Mineralogy, the fetid Sulphate of Barytes, 
 Baryte Sulfateefetide; or spontaneously, 
 as, in Pharmacy and Botany, Assafaelida, 
 and its various preparations ; and Hellebo- 
 rusfaetidus, and I-ris fcetidissima, Stinkende 
 nieswurz, und Stinkende schwerdlilie, G.
 
 FEV 
 
 FEU, s. , irup, ignis, m. L., feuer, 
 a, G., fire : in Chemistry, & phenomenon 
 which takes place when heat and light are 
 simultaneously developed. The term is, 
 also, sometimes applied to the cause of the 
 phenomenon, the matter of heat, or ca- 
 loric. Feufollet, ignis fatuus, irrlicht, 
 G., Will of the wisp. Persique, see 
 ZONA. potential, potential Cautery, 
 see POTENTIEI.. sacre, ou Saint- An- 
 toine. Syn. with ERYSIPELE. sauvage, 
 volage, ignis sylvestris, volaticus, L. : 
 a cutaneous eruption which attacks the 
 lips and face, principally of children ; re- 
 ferred, by some, to Herpes : also, a tran- 
 sient redness observed on the face and neck 
 of hysterical and irregularly menstruating 
 females. Feux au visage : the popular de- 
 signation of all cutaneous eruptions develop- 
 ed on the face. 
 
 FEUILLE, s. , folium, n. L., <ptIXA, 
 blatt, n. G., leaf : in Botany, a mem- 
 branous, more or less fleshy, and ordinari- 
 ly green, expansion, which springs from 
 the neck of the root, Collet, F., stem, 
 or branches, of plants ; and constitutes an 
 organ of absorption and exhalation. For 
 a description of the numerous varieties of 
 leaf, see Catechismus der JBotanik, Erstes 
 Bandchen, p. 138. The simple leaf ', Feuille 
 simple, F., folium simplex, L., einfaches 
 blatt. G., is that whose disk, continuous 
 in its whole extent, exhibits no lateral in- 
 cision extending to the median nervure. 
 The compound, /. composee, -folium com- 
 positum, das zusammengesetzte blatt, 
 is formed, on the contrary, of parts articu- 
 lated on a common petiole. Feuille fiorale, 
 see BRACTEE : feuilles siminales, see CO- 
 TYLEDON. Feuille de figuier : in Anato- 
 my, an assemblage of grooves ramifying 
 on the cerebral surface of the parietal 
 bone ; and destined to receive the branch- 
 es of the arteria meningea media. 
 
 FEUILLE, adj., foliatus, L.., blattrig, 
 G. : an epithet applied, in Botany, to a 
 a plant, or the parts, or organs, of a plant, 
 bearing leaves. FEiriLLU,adj., foliosus, 
 blattreich : to a plant bearing many leaves, 
 either generally, as Cytisus foliosus; or only 
 at the summit, as Elytrariafrondosa. 
 
 FEUILLET, s. m. : in Comparative A- 
 natomy, the third stomach, der dritte ma- 
 gen, G., of the Ruminantia ; echinus, 
 centipellio, omasum, of Latin , psalter, 
 calender, fallen- oder,blattermagen, of Ger- 
 man , and manyplies, of British writers. 
 
 FEVE, s. f. : a species, in Botany, belong- 
 ing to the genus, Vicia, see VESCE. The 
 seed of the garden-bean, V.faba, (F. vul- 
 garis, De Candolle), feve de marais, F., 
 yields a nutritious aliment. Its meal con- 
 stitutes one of the four resolutive farina 
 of the Ancients. F. de Saint-Ignace,faba 
 Sancti Ignatii, L., Ignaliusbohne, G. ; the 
 266 
 
 FIB 
 
 fruit of lynatia amara, intensely bitler, and 
 containing strychnine: has been employed 
 in the treatment of paralysis, and fever. 
 de Tonqua, tonquin bean : the seed ob- 
 tained from the legume of Coumarouna 
 Dipteryx odorata, a native of Guiana; and 
 used in perfuming snuff. 
 
 FIBRE, s. f., fibra, , villus, m. L,., 
 Is, faser, f. G. : in Anatomy and Botany, 
 the designation of an organic filament ; 
 which, varyinginits nature and disposition, 
 enters into the composition of all the ani- 
 mal and vegetable tissues. The simple or 
 elementary fibre of the ancients is purely 
 chimerical. Succeeding writers have re- 
 cognized many different kinds : but four 
 distinct species only are admitted, and de- 
 scribed, by Chaussier : 1. the Laminar or 
 Cellular, F. lamineuse, laminaire, ou cellu- 
 laire', broad, plane, slightly extensible, and, 
 in the natural state, evincing little sensibi- 
 lity ; apparently formed of concrete gela- 
 tine, and constituting the cellular tissue : 
 2. the Albugineous, f. albuginee , white, 
 linear, cylindrical, tenacious, shining, elas- 
 tic, and slightly extensible; essentially 
 composed of gelatine with a certain pro- 
 portion of albumen ; and forming the fi- 
 brous system, see ALBUGINE, and Fi- 
 
 BREUX, of Bichat: 3. the Nervous, nerv- 
 euse ou nervale; linear, cylindrical, soft, in- 
 elastic, highly sensible ; consisting of a 
 whitish pulp which is enveloped and pe- 
 netrated by a very delicate cellular mem- 
 brane; and constituting the nervous tissue: 
 and 4. the Muscular orjleshy, musculaire, 
 motrice ou charnue ; linear, flattened, soft, 
 tomentose, more or less red in most ani- 
 mals, elastic and contractile during life; 
 composed principally of fibrine, with a 
 small admixture of albumen and gelatine; 
 and forming the tissue of the muscles. 
 
 FIBREUX, adj., fibrosus, L., faserig, 
 G., fibrous : an epithet employed, in A- 
 natomy, to designate the various organs 
 formed by the albugineous^/z&re, see FI- 
 BRE, of Chaussier ; and constituting the 
 fibrous system, Systeme fibreux, of Bi- 
 chat. This system comprehends, especial- 
 ly, the periosteum and perichondrium, the 
 articular capsules and ligaments, the ten- 
 dons, certain fibrous membranes as the fas- 
 ciae, dura mater, pericardium, sclerotica of 
 the eye, tunica albuginea testis, and ex- 
 ternal covering of the spleen : in Botany, 
 & fruit, f. fibreux, F., the parenchyma of 
 which is copiously traversed by tenacious 
 filaments ; and a root, racine fibreuse, 
 composed, like that of Alliumcepa, of long, 
 distinct, and simple filaments. 
 
 In Pathological Anatomy, the epithets 
 Fibreux Accidentel, are applied toihejibrous 
 tissue developed in various organs, in con- 
 sequence of disease. It is formed, like the 
 natural structure, of an assemblage of white
 
 FIB 
 
 fibres, firm, breaking with difficulty, much 
 more flexible than cartilage, but less yield- 
 ing than the cellular tissue. Laennec has 
 referred to four species, all the varieties of 
 form which this structure may exhibit: 1. 
 the Accidental fibrous membranes; 2. isolat- 
 ed fibrous bodies; 3. amorphous and irre- 
 gular fibrous productions ; and 4. they?- 
 brous degeneration of organs. 
 
 FIBRILLE, s. f., fibrilla, f. L., faser- 
 chen, n. G. : in Anatomy, a minute fibre: in 
 Botany, the capillary ramification of a mi- 
 nutely divided root; also, the delicate fila- 
 ment which, issuing from the thallus of 
 the lichen, serves to attach the plant to 
 the bark, earth, or stone, upon which it 
 grows. FIBRILLAIRE, adj., fibrillaris, 
 relating to fibrils : Ex. Contractilitefibril- 
 laire : in Physiology, syn. with TONICITE. 
 
 Fi BRINE, s. f., fibrina, f. L., faser- 
 stoff, m. G. : an immediate principle of a- 
 nimal bodies, composed of azote, hydrogen, 
 oxygen, and carbon. It exists in the chyle, 
 coagulum of the blood, and in the muscles 
 of which it constitutes the basis. FIBRIN- 
 EUX, adj., fibrinosus, fibrinous: an epi- 
 thet applied, in Pathological Anatomy, to 
 certain concretions which are composed, or 
 exhibit the characters, offibrine. 
 
 FIBRO-CARTILAGE, s. m., fibro-carti- 
 lago, t. L. : a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to organs which, in their composition, ex- 
 hibit an admixture of thejibroics and carti- 
 laginous tissues. Bichat has erroneously de- 
 signated fibro-cartilages, parts which, as the 
 nose, ear, epiglottis, and eye-lid, are sim- 
 ply cartilages invested with a thick peri- 
 chondrium. By Be'clard, the different fi- 
 bro-cartilages have been distinguished into 
 1. Fibro-cartilagcs temporaires, ou tf ossifi- 
 cation ; as those which, in the foetus, are 
 destined to form the patella, and other se- 
 samoid bones : 2. d 1 incrustation ; which 
 exist wherever considerable friction takes 
 place between a bone or tendon and the 
 periosteum, as in the pulleys of the infe- 
 rior extremities of the tibia and fibula : 
 and 3. inter-articulaires ; as those which 
 occur in the articulations of the knee, cla- 
 vicle, lower jaw, and vertebrae. Thejftbro- 
 cartilaginous])ro&uctions,Vfhichadventitious- 
 lyform inthe animal organs, in consequence 
 of disease, are designated, by French Pa- 
 thologists, Fibro^Cartilages Accidentels 
 This structure, le tissu fibro-cartilagineux 
 accidentel, exhibits itself in three princi- 
 
 ?al forms, respectively distinguished, by 
 ,aennec, as Fibro-cartilagcs d'union ; d? 
 articulation ; and degeneration ftbro-cartila- 
 gineuse des organes. FIBRO-CARTILAGI- 
 NEUX, adj., fibro-cartilaginosus, fibro- 
 cartilaginous : belonging, or relating, to 
 fibro-cartilage. 
 
 FiBRO-MuQUEux,adj., fibro-mucosus, 
 L., fibre-mucous : an epithet, in Anato- 
 
 267 
 
 FIE 
 
 my, applied, by Bichat, to fibrous mem- 
 branes when intimately connected with o- 
 thers, of a mucous structure ; as the pitui- 
 tary , and the fibro-mucous membrane of 
 the urethra. In like manner, the adjec- 
 tive, FIBRO-SEREUX, F., fibro-serosus, 
 Li., fibro-serous, is employed to desig- 
 nate divers membranes; which, like the 
 dura mater, pericardium, and tunica albu- 
 ginea testis, exhibit a combination of the 
 fibrous and serous structures. 
 
 Fie, s. m., ficus, m. L. : in Pathology, 
 a fleshy, commonly reddish and soft, some- 
 times hard and scirrhous, fig-shaped ex- 
 crescence, feif/warze, f. G., attached, by 
 its slender pedicle, to the eye-lids, chin, or 
 tongue, the anus or organs of generation. 
 When occupying the latter situations, the 
 fig -excrescence is, ordinarily, syphilitic. 
 
 FICAIRE, s. f. : a species, in Botany, be- 
 longing to the genus, Ranunculus, see 
 K.ENONCULE. By some French and British 
 writers, this common spring-plant, R.fi- 
 caria, Linn., Yherbe aux hemorrho'ides, ou 
 la petite eclaire, F., feigwarzenkraut, oder 
 kleines schiilkraut,G pilewort Crowfoot, 
 or le.-ser Celandine, has, from the vary- 
 ing numbsr of its calyx-leaves and petals, 
 been formed into a distinct genus, Ficaria, 
 containing only one species, F. ranuncu- 
 loides, Decandolle; verna, H udson. Smith 
 and Hooker retain it among the Ranuncu- 
 li. The leaves are accounted anti- scorbutic, 
 and, as such, eaten in the north. The root, 
 acrid, bitter, and nauseous, possesses, when 
 bruised, highly irritating, and even vesicant 
 properties. It was formerly much employ, 
 ed in scrofula and piles. From the latter 
 application, probably first suggested by 
 the figure of the roots, the popular desig- 
 nation of the plant in the European lan- 
 guages, has obviously been derived. 
 
 FICOIDE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Me- 
 seinbryanthemum (Icosandria, pentaffyn.),1j. y 
 die Mittagsblume, G., Fig-Marigold ; 
 constituting the type of the Natural Fami- 
 ly of the FICOIDES, s. m., pi., Ficoideai, 
 L., and comprehending numerous spe- 
 cies, for the most part, natives of South 
 Africa. The fruit of M. edule is employ- 
 ed, in diet, by the Hottentots. 
 
 FIEL, s. m.,_ fel, n., bills, f. L..^^, 
 bile or gall : in Physiology and Chemis- 
 try, the fluid secreted by the liver, see 
 
 BILE; of which the gall-bladder, Vesi- 
 
 cule de fiel, F., see CHOLECYSTE, when 
 
 existing, constitutes the receptacle. F. de 
 bceuf,}el bovinum, L., ox-gall: a phar- 
 maceutical remedy, formerly much em- 
 ployed as an Extract, Extrait defiel F., 
 
 Extractum fellis bovini, Ph. GalL,-L 
 
 Eingedickte Ochsengalle, Rindgalle, G,, 
 
 in gastric affections accompanied by a de- 
 ficiency of the biliary secretion. F. de ter- 
 re : in Botany, the popular designation of
 
 FIE 
 
 the Lesser Centaury, Erythrcea Centau- 
 riuni; and of Fumitory, Fumaria officinalis. 
 
 FJEVRE, s. f., febris, L., #vpZ,i, 
 vrv^tTa;, fieber, n. G., fever. The va- 
 rious definitions, theories, and nosological 
 arrangements, of Fever, which, within the 
 present and preceding century, have suc- 
 cessively prevailed in the schools of Brit- 
 ain and of Europe, are generally known. 
 By the older writers, all fevers were pri- 
 marily distinguished into the Idiopathic, 
 
 Essentielles ou Idiopafhiques, F., and 
 
 the Symptomatic, Symptomatiques. Sau- 
 
 vages was the first to impugn the correct- 
 ness of this distribution. His views and 
 opinions have been adopted, and enforced, 
 by succeeding pathologists, of varied ta- 
 lent and authority. Among these Brous- 
 sais stands pre-eminent. Denying the ex- 
 istence of idiopathic fever, he refers to 
 gastro-enteritis, all the different forms of 
 febrile affection. By the majority of prac- 
 tical physicians, however, the ancient di- 
 vision is still retained. Idiopathic Fever 
 may assume either the continued, inter- 
 mittent, or remittent type ; and receives 
 its designation accordingly : thus consti- 
 tuting the continued fever, la fievre con- 
 tinue, F., febris continua, L., das anhal- 
 tende fieber, G., ; the intermittent, in- 
 
 termittente, intermittens, das wechsel- 
 
 Jieber, ; and the remittent, remittente, 
 remittens, nachlassendes oder remittir- 
 endes, of British and Continental writers. 
 The principal forms, or varieties, of inter- 
 mittent fever, are 1. the quotidian, la Jievre 
 quotidiennej?. , febris quotidiana,L., das 
 tUgliche fieber, G. ; 2. the tertian, la tierce, 
 tertiana, das dreitagige ; and 3. the 
 quartan, la quarte, quartana, das vier- 
 tagige. Fever is, moreover, termed anom- 
 alous, atypical, or irregular, seeANOMALE, 
 and ATYPICIUE, when exhibiting no de- 
 terminate type, and pursuing no regular 
 course :-ephetneral,-see EpHEMERE,--when 
 lasting only one day. Fever, also, some- 
 times derives its distinctive appellation 
 from the peculiar scene ot its development 
 or ravages ; as Jail- and Camp-fever, feb- 
 ris carcerum, et castrorum, L.., das ker- 
 ker- und lagerfieber, G. 
 
 By the accomplished and philosophic 
 Pinel, the Class, Fevers, is distributed into 
 six Orders ; and his arrangement has been 
 generally adopted by the physicians of the 
 Continent. These Orders are 1. the In- 
 flammatory, ANGIOTENIQUES, ou inflam- 
 matoires, F. ; 2. the Bilious or Gastric, 
 Bilieuses ou gastriques, MENINGO-GAS- 
 TRICIUES ; 3. the Mucous, muqueuses ou 
 pituiteuses, ADENO-MENINGEES , 4. the 
 Adynamlc or Putrid, ADYNAMIQUES ; 5. 
 Malignant or Atoxic, ATAXICICES; and 6. 
 the Pestilential or Adeno-nervous, ADE- 
 JTO.NERVEUSES. The author of the Ar- 
 268 
 
 FIG 
 
 ticle, Fievre, in the Dictionnaire dex Termes 
 de Medecine, p. 287, expresses an opinion 
 that ''the first of these fevers, termed, al- 
 so, Synocha," see SYNOCHE, " is only a 
 slight inflammation of one of the points of 
 the digestive or respiratory membrane, of 
 the skin, encephalon, lung, uterus, syno- 
 vial or muscular systems, or other part, or 
 parts, of the body ; the second, a gastritis, 
 gastro-enteritis, or gastro-hepatitis ; the 
 third, a gastro-enteritis with an excess of 
 the mucous secretion, and, frequently,irri- 
 tation of the encephalon; the fourth, term- 
 ed, also, Asthenic," see ASTHENICIUE, 
 '' sometimes, a violent gastro-enteritis, or 
 other intense inflammation of an import- 
 ant organ, according as there exist, or o- 
 therwise, signs of putridity, indicated by 
 fetid evacuations; the fifth, nervous or ty- 
 phoid," see TYPHOIDE, " irritation of 
 the encephalon, frequently consequent on 
 gastro-enteritis or other inflammation; and 
 the sixth, LOIMIQUE ou PESTE,-only the 
 last, in a highly aggravated form, and, for 
 most part, complicated with bubo or car- 
 buncle." To these Orders, CHOMEL con- 
 tends that another, Simple fevtr, -fievre 
 simple, F., febris simplex, L., einfaches 
 fieber, G., should be added. This "is cha- 
 racterized by simultaneous disturbance of 
 all the functions ; and by absence of the 
 symptoms peculiar to inflammatory, bili- 
 ous, mucous, adynamic, and nervous fe- 
 vers." See Nouveau Dictionnaire de Mede- 
 cine, etc., v. i., p. 752. The symptoms of 
 all these different fevers may present them- 
 selves in the continued, intermittent, or 
 remittent type; or be so combined, or com- 
 plicated, as to constitute almost innumer- 
 able varieties. For an account of them, 
 consult the articles, Fievre, in the French 
 Dictionaries above quoted; and in the Dic- 
 tionnaire des Sciences Medicates : and for a 
 luminous and comprehensive history of the 
 subject, the Elementa Pyreloloyiee Methodi- 
 cte, by Selle ; the 1st vol. of Nosographie 
 Philosophique, by Pinel ; and the Art., Fe- 
 ver, in Part iii, of Copland's Dictionary of 
 Practical Medicine. 
 
 FIEVREUX, adj., febriculosus, L., itu- 
 giToifiopof, vru^tiruBns, das fieber verursach- 
 end, G., feverish, causing, or favouring 
 the development of, fever; as aliments , 
 pays fievreux, F. Sometimes applied to^?a- 
 tients, malades fievreux, attacked with/e- 
 ver ; and then nearly syn. with FEBRILE. 
 
 FiouE,s.f., WHO*, carioa,f. L., feige, 
 G., fig : in Materia Medica, the fruit of 
 a species of plant, belonging to the genus 
 Ficus ( Polygamia, dioec. ,- Urticece), Lt., 
 FIGUIER, s. m., der Feigenbaum, G., 
 Fig-tree ; which comprehends numerous 
 species. The fruit of the common fig-tree, 
 F. carica, truKtu, a native of Asia, long 
 since naturalized in Europe, affords, espe-
 
 FIL 
 
 cially when dried, a wholesome and nutri- 
 tious aliment ; and is the basis of an emolli- 
 ent decoction. Sometimes employed, also, 
 in cataplasms. The wood of another spe- 
 cies, F. sycomorus, cultivated, in Egypt, 
 for its edible fruit* is said to be imperisha- 
 ble. In Botany, the term, Figiie, is em- 
 ployed, by De Candolle, to designate a 
 fruit; which, like that of Ficus carica, is 
 composed of numerous cariopses, united in 
 a fleshy and succulent involucrum. 
 
 FIGURE, s. fl: a term, in ordinary lan- 
 
 fuage, synon. with FACE and VISAGE. 
 'IGURE, adj.: in Surgery, the distinctive 
 epithet of a comprcssive~bandage applied to 
 the head, after incision of the facial vein : 
 la bandage royale, of some French surgeons. 
 
 FILAIRE, s. f. : a genus of JEnfozoary 
 Worms,-Filaria,'L.; so designated from the 
 thread-like figure (filum, L., thread) of the 
 animals which compose it ; and compre- 
 hending, according to Rudolphi, Entozoo- 
 rum Synopsis, p. 3, 204, sixty-seven spe- 
 cies. The principal of these, F. Medin- 
 ensis, Rudolphi, dracunculus, Bremser, 
 Dragonneau, velne de Medine, ver de Gui- 
 nee, de Medine, F., ^^axevriov f^ix^ov, fa- 
 den wurm, Medinawurm, G., Guinea- 
 worm, common on the coasts of the Per- 
 sian gulf, in Egypt, the East and West In- 
 dies, and especially Guinea, attains the 
 length of several feet; and, burying itself 
 in the cellular tissue, and intermuscular 
 crevices of the human body, most com- 
 monly around the ancle or in divers parts 
 of the lower limb, gives rise to boils, in- 
 flammations, and other painful and some- 
 times formidable consequences. The pro- 
 cess of extraction requires great caution, 
 to prevent rupture of the worm ; and oc- 
 casionally occupies some weeks. It is ef- 
 fected by winding successive portions of 
 the animal, as it is gradually drawn from 
 the place of retreat, around a roll of paste- 
 board, or other cylindrical bedy. By Baron 
 Larrey, the Guinea-worm has been errone- 
 ously described as a string of cellular tis- 
 sue stricken with death, in the midst of a 
 boil or anthrax, of peculiar nature. No 
 doubt of its independent vitality is, how- 
 ever, entertained by the best helmintho- 
 logical observers. Formerly looked upon 
 as a species of its Hair-worm, Haarwurm, 
 G., it was referred to the genus Gordius, 
 where it is still retained by Blumenbach, 
 under the title of G. Medinensis. SeeGmel- 
 in, Allgemeine Geschichte der Thierischen 
 und Mineral. Gifte, p. 87; Cloquet, Faune 
 des 3/e<,vol. v., p. 135; and Cours Complet 
 cCHistoire Naturelle Medicale, etc., p. 70. 
 
 FILAMENT, s. m., filamentum, n. L. : 
 in Anatomy, a term syn. with FIBRILLE ; 
 as filam. cellulaire, nerveux, F., a minute 
 cellular or nervous fibre : in Pathology, 
 applied to the glairy mucous threads^fi- 
 
 269 
 
 FIL 
 
 lets glaireux ou tnuqueux ; which, some- 
 times deposited by the urine, in cases of 
 disease, result from a peculiar secretion of 
 the membrane of the urinary passages : in 
 Botany, the delicate shaft, pediculus, m. 
 L.., trager des staubfadens, G., which 
 supports the anther, see FILET. FILA- 
 
 MENTEUX, adj., filamentosus, faden- 
 
 f ormig, filamentous, composed of, resem- 
 bling, or furnished with, filaments. 
 
 FILET, s. m. : a term, in Anatomy, syn. 
 with FREIN, fraenum, n. L. ; as 1. Filet 
 de la langue, F., fra-num, frtenulum lin- 
 guae, L., zungenband, n. G., the bridle 
 of the tongue ; the operation of dividing 
 which, when inserted so far towards the 
 apex, as to restrict the proper motion, of 
 the organ, and prevent suction in children, 
 is termed operation du filet, F. : 2. filet ou 
 frein des levres frcenum labioi um, a band 
 formed by the mucous membrane of the 
 mouth; situated on the median line ; and 
 attaching the upper and lower lips to the 
 corresponding jaw-bone or gum : and 3. fil. 
 ou fr. du pripuce, ou de la verge, frtenulum 
 preputii vel penis, vorhs.uisb'dndchen, n. 
 G., a fold of membrane, connecting the 
 prepuce to the inferior part of the glans 
 penis. In Botany, a synonym of FILA- 
 MENT ; as Filet des etamlnes, the shaft of 
 the stamens. When this is deficient, as 
 in the early states of the flower of Hippu- 
 ris vulgaris, the anther is said to be sessile. 
 
 FILIFORJUE, adj., filiformis, L., fa- 
 denformig, fadenlich,G., filiform, thread- 
 like : an epithet employed, in Anatomy, 
 Botany, and Zoology, to designate parts, 
 or organs, of animals and of plants, which 
 resemble, in figure or tenuity, a thread, 
 filum, L. : as the minute and delicate bodies, 
 Papilles fili formes, F., which, resulting 
 from an expansion of the filaments of the 
 lingual nerve, invest the anterior part of 
 the human tongue : 2. the leaf of Hyme- 
 natherum filifo'.ium, the branches of Dolichos 
 , and stem of Thymus filiformis, among 
 Plants; and 3. the antennas of M idasfilata, 
 the abdomen of Asilus filiformis, and the 
 palpi of the Aptdce, among Insects. 
 
 FILTRATION, s. f., filtratio, percolatio, 
 f. L.., filtrirung, durchseihung, f. G. : a 
 process, in Pharmacy, which has for its ob- 
 ject, the clarification of a fluid from any 
 feculent, earthy, or other insoluble mat- 
 ters, too light for precipitation, which may 
 be suspended in it. The instrument em- 
 ployed for this purpose, is termed FILTHE, 
 s. m., filtrum, n. L., seiher, m. G., fil- 
 ter ; and ordinarily composed of bibulous 
 
 or filtering paper, charta bibula, L., 
 
 papier Joseph, F., /jftn'rpapier, G.. li- 
 
 nen, sponge, a column of sand, of pulver- 
 ized charcoal, or pounded glass, so arrang- 
 ed in a funnel, as to retain, on its surface 
 or in its pores, the substances by which
 
 FIS 
 
 the fluid, subjected to the operation, was 
 previously rendered turbid or impure 
 FILTRER, v. a., filtrare, percolare, fil- 
 triren, to pass through a Jitter. Filtrir- 
 becken, n. G., a filtering basin : Filtrir- 
 stein, m. G., a^z/teri?y/-stone. 
 
 FIOLE, s. f., phiala, f. L,., */aX<V, <p/- 
 ><, phiole, f., flaschchen, n. G., phial : 
 a small glass vessel, employed in Chemistry 
 and Pharmacy. Those used by the apothe- 
 cary, are termed, Fioles a medecine, F. 
 
 FISSURE, s. f., fissura, f. L..: a term, in 
 Anatomy and Surgery, syn. with FENTE : 
 in Pathology, employed to designate cer- 
 tain lesions of the skin and mucous mem- 
 branes. These fissures, or cracks, most 
 commonly occur on the hands and feet, in 
 the groin, at the angles of the eye, the 
 commissures of the lips, at the anus or a- 
 bout the origin of the mucous membranes : 
 frequently, on the thighs, buttocks, and 
 genital organs of children, from irritation 
 of the fecal mattters. Occupying the lat- 
 ter situations in the adult, they are often 
 of syphilitic character ; and then especial- 
 ly distinguished by the term, RHAGADE. 
 The fissure, implicating the lower intes- 
 tine, /. ou gercure de Fanus, requires 
 for its cure, according to Professor Boyer, 
 a surgical operation. 
 
 FlSTUI,E, S. f., fViy>%, fistula, f. Ij., 
 
 fistel, rohrwunde, f, rohr- oder hohlge- 
 schwiir, n. G. : in Surgical Pathology, a so- 
 lution of continuity, more or less narrow, 
 deep-seated, and sinuous ; and ordinarily 
 communicating with either, 1. a natural 
 cavity, as that of the serous or synovial 
 membranes, or the respiratory passages : 
 or 2. an excretory duct, or secretory gland, 
 or the reservoirs of the various secreted 
 fluids. Fistula are, accordingly, distribut- 
 ed into two groups. They, also, receive a 
 distinctive appellation from the parts in 
 which they are situated, or the peculiar 
 fluids transmitted by them. Thus, fistula 
 of the lower gut, is termed, in French,/, de 
 fanus, ou slercorale, Latin, fistula ani, 
 German, sesassfistel ; of the urethra, 
 nrinaire, F., /. urethrse, L., -f. der harn- 
 rohre, G., of the lacrymal sac, lacrymale, 
 f. lacrymalis, ihranenfistel : and the le- 
 sion receives the epithet aerial, biliary, se- 
 rous, or synovial, aiirienne, biliaire, sereuse, 
 synoviale, F., according as it gives pas- 
 sage to the air in respiration, to bile, se- 
 rum, or synovia. 
 
 Fistula are said to be complete, com- 
 pletes, F., when possessing both an exter- 
 nal and internal orifice; incomplete or 
 blind, incompletes ou borgnes, when one 
 orifice only exists. The incomplete, again, 
 are termed external or internal, according 
 as such orifice is externally or internally 
 situated. They are, moreover, distinguish- 
 ed into the simple, compound, and complica- 
 270 
 
 FLA 
 
 ted. The parietes of the fistula acquire a 
 membranous covering, of apparently mu- 
 cous structure, supplied with exhaling and 
 absorbent vessels ; but destitute of mu- 
 cous follicles ; and. in cases of long stand- 
 ing, the orifice becomes invested with epi- 
 dermis. FISTULEUX, adj., Mstulosus, 
 ffv^iyyulns, rohrig, fistulous : an epithet 
 applied, in Surgery, to all the varieties of 
 lesion, above-described : in Botany, to the 
 organs of plants ; which, of cylindrical fi- 
 gure, exhibit a longitudinal cavity in the 
 centre ; as the stem of (Enanlhe Jistulcsa ; 
 the leafofAlliumfistulosum ; spadlx of A- 
 rum dracunculus ; and pod of Cassia fistula. 
 FIXE, adj., fixus, 1-, fest,G., fixed: 
 an epithet susceptible of divers applica- 
 tions in the Sciences : as, in Astronomy, 
 to those stars, etoilesfi.res,lj., which, un- 
 like the other luminous bodies, termed 
 planets, appear to observe, invariably, the 
 same relative distances : in Physics, to a 
 colour, couleur fixe, which remains the 
 same in whatever aspect the body, exhi- 
 biting it, be viewed : in Chemistry, to bo- 
 dies (feuerbestandig, feueriest, G') not vo- 
 latizable at any ordinary temperature to 
 which they can be exposed ; as Alcatif.xe, 
 F., a fiieed alcali ; huileftxe,~-& fixed oil. 
 It is, also, employed to designate, synony- 
 mously with PERMANENT, those gases 
 which, like azote, hydrogen, and oxygen, 
 are irreducible, by the employment ot cold, 
 compression, or a combination of both, to 
 the liquid or solid state. FIXITE, s. f., 
 fixitas, f. L., feuerbestandigkeit, f. G., 
 fixidity : the property, possessed by cer- 
 tain bodies, of not being dissipated, or vo- 
 latilized, by exposure to the influence of 
 heat, or any other known agent or process. 
 
 FI.ABELLATION, s. f., flabellatio, f. L., 
 fanning: agitation of the air by means of 
 a fan, rlabeilum, n. L., eventail, m. F., 
 fa'cher, wedel, m. G. FLABELi.iroLifc, adj. 
 flabellifolius, L., facherblattrig, G., 
 fan-leaved : an epithet employed, in Bota- 
 ny, to designate, specifically, plants whose 
 leaves, like those of OxalisflabellifoUa, are 
 disposed in the figure of a fan. FLABELH- 
 FORME,adj., flabelliformis, facherform- 
 ig, wedelformig, flabelliform: as, in Bo- 
 tany, Hie fan-shaped leafofEuryops ; and, 
 in .Zoology, the branches, rameaux, F., 
 of Spongla fiabelliformis. 
 
 FLACCIDITE, s. f., flacciditas, f. L., 
 schlaff'heit, f. G., flaccidity : in Patholo- 
 gy, flabbiness, want of resistance to pres- 
 sure, of the organic tissues. Erschlaffung 
 der fibern, G.,flaccidity of the fibres. 
 
 FRAMBOISE, s. fl See FEU volagc. 
 
 FLAMME, s. f., F.and G., flamma,f. L., 
 <pXof, flame: in Chemistry, a light, glow- 
 ing, luminous, and variously -coloured are- 
 ola, developed on the surface of a burning 
 body. It results from ignition of the com-
 
 FLK 
 
 bustible gases produced by decomposition 
 of such body. Fl. vitale, F.,flammula vi- 
 talis, L., the vital flame, or principle of 
 life. Flamme ou flammette, phlebotomum 
 (a surgeon's lancet), n. L,., lasseisen, n. 
 lanzette fur thiere, G., fleam : in Ve- 
 terinary Surgery, an instrument used for 
 venesection. 
 
 FLANC, s. m., flank : in Zoology, that 
 portion of the lateral region of the body 
 ilion, ilia, n.L., flanke, t'. G., of man and 
 the other Mammifera, which extends from 
 the pelvis to the false ribs : in Geognosy, 
 that part of a mountain, latus, n., seite, 
 f. G., comprized between the summit 
 and the base. 
 
 FLASQUE, adj., flaccidus, L.., schlaff, 
 schlotterig, schwach, G., flaccid ; an epi- 
 thet employed, in Pathology to designate 
 a flabby, unresisting state of the animal tis- 
 sues, see FLACCIDITE: in Botany, plants 
 whose organs, like the pileus of Agaricus 
 flaccidui,, are of a flimsy or flabby texture. 
 
 FLATULENCE, s. f, flatulentia, f. JL., 
 blahung, blahsucht, wind im liebe, G., 
 flatulence, flatulency : in Pathology, ex- 
 cessive accumulation of gas flatus, m. L., 
 in the stomach and bowels ; emission 01 
 the intestinal gases per os vel anum. Syn. 
 with FLATTIOSITE, s. f. FLATUEUX, adj., 
 flatuosus, blahend, blahsuchtig, windig: 
 an epithet applied to substances, subjects, or 
 morbid conditions, inducing, suffering from, 
 or connected with, flatulence: as Alimens 
 flatueux, F., flatulent food ; malade flatu- 
 eux, & flatulent patient. Of flatulent dis- 
 eases, maladies flatueuses, F., Sauvages 
 has constituted an Order, under the title 
 of PNEU MAT OSES. 
 
 FLECHISSEUR, s. m. and adj.: a term, or 
 epithet, employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate those muscles, musculifle.iores,Lu, 
 biegmuskeln, G., whose office it is to ac- 
 complish the flexion of the parts, or organs, 
 into which their moveable extremity is in- 
 serted. These muscles,in man, may be dis- 
 tinguished into A. those of the superior or 
 atlantal ; and B. those of the inferior or 
 sacral extremity. Thus arranged, they are, 
 principally, the following : 
 
 A. 1. Flechisseur sublime ou superficielle des 
 doigts (e"piptroklo-phalanginien commun, 
 Ch.), F., Flexor digitorum sublimis per- 
 foratus, L.., oberflachlicher beuger der fin- 
 ger, G. : attached, above, to the internal 
 condyle of the humerus, the coronoid pro- 
 cess of the ulna, and anterior margin of the 
 radius ; below, by four tendons suit for the 
 transit of the tendons of the Flexor pro- 
 fundus, to the 2nd phalanges phalangines, 
 F., of the four fingers. 2. profond des 
 doigts (cubito-phalangettien, Ch.), Flex. 
 profundus perforans, tiefer beuger der fin- 
 ger : above, to the anterior surface of the 
 ulnaandinterosseous ligament; below, by 
 
 271 
 
 FLE 
 
 four tendons which perforate those of the 
 preceding, to the third or extreme phalan- 
 ges, phalangettes,~F., of the four fingers. 
 3. #ran</ou/on#(radio-phalangettien,Ch.) 
 du pouce, Flex, longus pollicis manus,. 
 langer beuger des daumens ; above, to the 
 superior anterior surface of the radius, and 
 the interosseous ligament ; below, to the 
 anterior surface of the extreme phalanx of 
 the thumb. 4. court (carpo-phalangien, 
 Ch.) du pouce, Flex, brevis pollicis ma- 
 nus, kurzer beuger des daumens, consist- 
 ing oft wo portions: a, the external; above* 
 to the inside of the annular ligament of 
 the wrist, anterior surface of the os trape- 
 zium and trapezoides, and root of the me- 
 tacarpal bone of the fore-finger ; below, to 
 the external sesamoid bone which is con- 
 nected, by ligament, to the root of the first 
 phalanx phalange, of the thumb ; and Ik 
 internal; above, to the os magnum and 
 unciforme, and root of the 3rd metacar- 
 pal bone ; below, to the internal sesamoid 
 bone. 5. court (partie du carpo-phalan- 
 gien, Ch.) du petit doigt, Flex, parvus mi- 
 nimi digiti manus, beuger des kleinen fin- 
 gers ; -above, to the anterior annular liga- 
 ment, and os unciforme; below,to the base 
 of the 1st phalanx, phalange, F., of the 
 little finger. By some anatomists, as Chaus- 
 sier, considered to be part of the Adductor 
 minimi digiti. See ADDUCTEUR, and CAU- 
 
 PO-PHALANGINIEN. 
 
 B. 1. F'echisseur, grand ou long, commun 
 des orteilg (tibio-phalangettien, Ch.), F., 
 Flexor longus digitorum pedis profundus 
 perforans, L., langer zehenbeuyer, G. ; 
 attached, above, to the posterior surface of 
 the tibia ; below, by four tendons which 
 perforate the slit tendons of the Flexor bre- 
 vis, to the base of the last or extreme pha- 
 lanx phalangette, F., of the four lesser 
 toes. 2. long du gros orieil (perone'o- 
 sous-phalangettien du pouce, Ch.), Flex. 
 longus hallucis, pollicis pedis, langer 
 beuger der grossen zehe; above, to the pos- 
 terior surfaces of the fibula and interosse- 
 ous ligament ; below, to the inferior part 
 of the extreme phalanx of the great toe* 
 3. court commun des orteils (calcane'o- 
 sous-phalanginien, Ch.), Flex, brevis di- 
 gitorum peais, kurzer beuger der zehen ; 
 extending from the posterior inferior por- 
 tion of the os calcis, to the inferior surface 
 of the 2nd phalanx, phalangine, of the 
 four lesser toes. 4. Accessoire du longflech. 
 commun des orteils, chair carree de la plante 
 du pied, massa carnea Sylvii, see ACCES- 
 SOIRE. 5. court du gros orieil (tarso- 
 sous-phalangettien du premier orteil, Ch.) 
 Flex, brevis pollicis pedis, kurzer beu- 
 ger der grossen zehe ; from the anterior 
 inferior part of the os calcis, and external 
 cuneiform bone, inseparably connected 
 with the Abductor and Adductor pollicis
 
 FLE 
 
 by two tendons into the sesamoid bone, 
 and base of the first phalanx phalange, 
 of the great toe. 6. court (tarso-phalan- 
 gien, Ch.) du petit doigt, Flex, brevis mi- 
 nimi digiti pedis, kurzer beuycr der klei- 
 nen zehe ; from the os cuboides, and base 
 of the 5th metatarsal bone, to the posteri- 
 or part of the 1st phalanx of the little toe. 
 
 For an account of the other flexor mus- 
 cles of the atlantal and sacral extremities, 
 see BICEPS, CUBITAL, HUMEHO-CUBI- 
 TAL, HADIAL; DEMI-MEMBRANEUX, et 
 -TENDINEUX, ILIAUUE, PSOAS. Those of 
 the head, spine, and tmnk, m. flechisseurs 
 de la tite, du rachis, du tronc, F., have 
 been described under their more ordinary 
 French designations. 
 
 FLEUR,s.f., flos,m.L., .v6o s , blume, 
 bliithe, f. G., flower : in Botany, the as- 
 semblage of the organs of reproduction in 
 plants ; especially constituted by the sta- 
 men and pistil. The calyx, corolla, necta- 
 ry, or PERIGONE, are merely accessory 
 parts. The flower is said to be complete, 
 see COMPLET, when comprizing all these 
 organs ; incomplete, when one, or more, is 
 deficient : male, when furnished with sta- 
 mens only; -female, see FEMELLE, 
 with pistils : hermaphrodite, with both : 
 acalycine, acalicin, F., kelchlos, G., 
 when destitute of calyx : apetalous, see 
 
 APETALE, of petals or corolla. 
 
 In Chemistry and Pharmacy, divers 
 substances, the products of sublimation, 
 have been termed flowers by the ancients ; 
 and the absurd designation is still retained 
 in medical language : as 1. Fl. d'antimoine, 
 F., -flores antimonii,L. ; 2. de betijo'in, 
 flores benzoini, L., benzoeblumen, G. ; 
 and 3. de zinc, flores zinci, zinkblu- 
 men : the first, a protoxide of antimony, 
 obtained by calcination of the metal in con- 
 tact with air ; the second, benzoic acid, 
 acide benzo'ique, acidum benzoicum per 
 sublimationem, Ph. Gall., see BESTZO- 
 I'QUE ; and the third, protoxide of zinc, 
 oxyde de zinc, oxydum zinci, zinkkalk, 
 weisses zinkoxyd. In popular language, 
 the menstrual discharge of females is term- 
 ed Fteurs, in English, flowers. 
 
 FLEUHAISON, FLORAISON, s. f. : in Bo- 
 tany, 1. the act, or condition, offlowering, 
 Mvris, anthesis, florescentia, f. L., blu- 
 menentfaltung, f., bliithenstand, m. G., 
 synon. with EFFLORESCENCE : 2. the 
 period, bluthezeit, n. G., at, or during, 
 which the flowers of plants are evolved. 
 
 FLEURON, s. m., FLEURETTE, s. f., 
 flosculus, m. L., blumchen, n. G., flo- 
 ret : in Botany, a term employed to desig- 
 nate the minute flowers which constitute 
 an aggregate or compound flower; as that 
 of Scabiosa, and the Syngenesice. 
 
 FLEXIBILITE, s. , Hexibilitas, f. (flec- 
 tere, to bend), L., beugsamkeit, biegsam- 
 
 272 
 
 FLU 
 
 keit, f. G., flexibility : in Physics, the 
 property, possessed by certain bodies, of 
 bending, or yielding, without rupture, to 
 the powers acting upon them. FLKXIBI- 
 LIS, adj., Hexibilis, flexilis, xecpvrcs, 
 beugsam, biegsam, susceptible of bending 
 without fracture : as, in Botany, the flexi- 
 ble stem of Isotlieciumf exile, or of Soiiden/o 
 flexicaulis. FLEXION, s. f., flexio, f. L., 
 xa.fji.-xn, biegung, f. G. : in Physiology, 
 1. the action of the flexor muscles, see 
 FLECHISSEUR : 2. the condition of a limb, 
 or organ, bent by them. 
 
 FLOCON, s. m., floccus, m. L., xgaxlf, 
 flocke, f. G., flake : a term literally 
 signifying a loch of wool, or other light sub- 
 stance ; but employed, in Chemistry, to 
 designate certain precipitates whi^h col- 
 lect under the form of flukes. In Patho- 
 logy, the light bodies, which float before 
 the eye in certain diseases, of cerebral o- 
 rigin or complication, are termed, flocons, 
 F., -flocculi, L., see CAKPHOLOGIE : in 
 Zoology, the tuft of hair which terminates 
 the tail of divers Mammifera ; as the Lion 
 and Ass. FLOCONNEUX, adj., floccosus, 
 flocculosus, resembling flakes : Precipite 
 floconneux, F., a flaky precipitate. 
 
 FLORAL, adj., floralis, L., pertaining 
 to , growing in, or upon, a flower.. flos, 
 L.; as thecoverinys, envcloppes florales,Y ., 
 which knn>ediately envelope the sexual 
 organs of plants ; the flora) leaves, feuilles 
 ftorales, see BRACTEE; and the glandular 
 
 bodies, glandes flora les, with which the 
 
 flowers of divers plants are provided. 
 
 FLOHE, s. f., flora, f. L. : in Botany, a 
 descriptive catalogue, 1. of the plants, see 
 FAUNE, indigenous in any given country 
 or district; as the admirable English Flo- 
 ra, by Smith ; the British Flora, by Hook- 
 er; Scottish Cryptogamic Flora, by Greville; 
 
 and Flora Londinensis, by Curtis : 2, of 
 
 the various plants employed in any parti- 
 cular branch of the arts or sciences ; as the 
 Floredu Dictionnaire des Sciences Medicales, 
 8vo., Paris : 3. of the divers fossilized 
 productions of a country, originally belong- 
 ing to the vegetable kingdom ; as the Fossil 
 Flora of Great Britain, by Lindley and 
 Hutton, 8vo. London, 1832. 
 
 FLORULE, s. f., florula, f. L : in Bota- 
 ny, the minute isolated^ower of a CEPHA- 
 LANTHE, or spike. Syn. with FLEURON, 
 and FLOSCULE. 
 
 FLOSCIILEUX, adj.; an epithet, in Bota- 
 ny, applied to an aggregate or compound 
 flower formed wholly of florets, Fleurflos- 
 culeuse, F., flos flosculosus, L. 
 
 FLUATE, s. m., fluas, n. L.: the former 
 designation of a genus of salts, now termed 
 HYDROPHTHORATE. 
 
 FLUEURS, (vulgarly, FLEURS) blanches, 
 s.f. pi., fluor albus, L., the whites, see 
 LEUCORRHEE.
 
 FLU 
 
 FLUCTITATIOK, s. f., fluctuatio, f. (fluc- 
 tuare,to fluctuate), L., schwanken, n.G.: 
 in Pathology, the movement of a fluid, or- 
 dinarily distinguishable by pressure, or 
 percussion, of the parietes of the cavity in 
 which it is contained. 
 
 FLUIDE, adj., fluidus, L., fliissig, G., 
 fluid: an epithet employed, in Physics, 
 to designate all bodies, the integrant mo- 
 lecules of which cohere so imperfectly, as 
 to yield to the slightest pressure, and glide 
 over each other with the greatest facility. 
 Fluids are commonly divided into liquids 
 or incompressible fluids, and the aeriform or 
 compressible. The latter are also known by 
 the name of elastic fluid or gas. See GAZ. 
 
 FLUIDIFICATION, s. f.: reduction of a 
 substance to the state of aggregation, 
 FLUIDITE, s. f'., fluiditas, f. L., fliissig- 
 keit, f. G,, fluidity, of a liquid body. 
 
 Fi.uo-BoRATE, s. m., fluo-boras, n.L. : 
 in Chemistry, a genus of salts, flussbo- 
 raxsaure salze, G., resulting from the 
 combination of fluo-boric acid, acide fluo- 
 borique, ou pfithoro-boriqiie, F., acidum 
 flno-boricum, Li., flxssboraxseiure, G.. it- 
 self a compound of fluorine and boron, 
 with divers salifiable bases. 
 
 FLUOR, s. m., fluor, m., fluorium, n. 
 L., fluorine, f. G. : in Chemistry, the de- 
 signation of a simple body admitted, rather 
 by analogy than experiment, as the basis 
 of fluoric acid, Acide fluorique, ou hydrop- 
 thorique, F., acidum fluoricum, L., fluss- 
 siiure, G. Never yet obtained in an iso- 
 lated form. By many chemists, termed 
 PHTHORE. 
 
 FLUORURE, s. m., fluoruretum, n. L. : 
 the combination of fluorine with another 
 simple body. See PHTHORURE. 
 
 FI.UVTATII.E, adj., fluvialis, fluviatilis, 
 L., -roTa^tioi : an epithet employed, in 
 Zoology and Botany, to specifically de- 
 signate animals and plants ; which, as Per- 
 ca fluviatilis, among Fishes ; Astacus fluvi- 
 atilis, see ECHEVISSE, among the Crus- 
 tacea ; and Equisetum fluviatile, among the 
 Cryptogamous plants, inhabit, or grow in, 
 the waters ot a river, fluvium, L. 
 
 FLtrx,s.m., fluxus, m. (fiuere, to flow), 
 L. : in Geography, the tide, sestus ma- 
 ris, L. : in Chemistry, the designation of 
 several highly fusible substances employ- 
 ed, like sub-berate of soda, in the fusion of 
 bodies less fusible than themselves : in 
 Phy siology, of a natural evacuation, as the 
 menstrual./?w# see MEXSTRUEL, of wo- 
 men: in Pathology, of a morbid affection, 
 characterized by an extraordinary evacu- 
 ation of the animal fluids : as Fl. bilienJc, 
 seeCnotkRA ; hemorrho'idal, seeHic- 
 MORRHOIDAL ; de sang, see DYSENTE- 
 RIE : in Nosology, an assemblage of dis- 
 eases, the Fluxes, constituting the Pro- 
 fluvia, of Cullen, so characterized. 
 
 FOL 
 
 FLUXTOV, s. f., fluxio, f., affluxus, m. 
 (flitert, to flow), L., fluss, m. G. : in Pa- 
 thology, the afflux, or determination, of 
 blood towards any part of the body ; con- 
 sequent on inflammation or irritation ; as 
 FLcatarrhalc, seeCATARRHE ; dentaire, 
 ODONTALGIE ; goutteuse, GOUTTE ; 
 du poitrine, PERiPNEUMONiE,etPLEU- 
 RESIE : also, in common language, a pain- 
 ful affection of the cheek, or other part, 
 without suppuration of the cellular tissue 
 constituting its seat. 
 
 FCETUS, s. m., F. and L., xvvpa, 
 frucht, liebesfrucht, f. G. : the unborn 
 young of animals. The term, embryo, 
 see EMBRYON, is ordinarily applied to 
 the animal germ till the expiration of the 
 third month of pregnancy. FOETAL, adj., 
 foetalis, pertaining to thefostus: as Cir- 
 culation foetale, F., the foetal circulation ; 
 surface foetale du placenta, the foetal op- 
 posed, in signification and in site, to the 
 uterine surface of the placenta. 
 
 FOIE, s. m., %**?, hepar, jecur, n. L., 
 leber, n. G., liver: in Human and 
 Comparative Anatomy, a large abdominal 
 gland, the organ of the biliary secretion ; 
 existing, under divers modifications of 
 form and structure, in all the animal se- 
 ries, from Man to the Molluscum. The 
 liver exhibits the peculiarity of receiving, 
 by a distinct apparatus of veins, see 
 VEINE PORTE, all the returning blood 
 from the chylopoietic organs. The pur- 
 poses of this disposition are unknown. Ve- 
 nous blood is not essentially requisite for 
 the secretion of bile: since this fluid exists 
 in the Mcllusca where the vena-portal sys- 
 tem is deficient ; and has been found in 
 the gall-bladder of a human subject in 
 whom the vena portarum passed to the 
 vena cava, without entering the liver. 
 And, again, the large quantity of blood, 
 supplied to the organ by the hepatic arte- 
 ry, see HEPATIQUE, would seem to be 
 more than sufficient for the mere purpos- 
 es of its nutrition. 
 
 In ancient Chemistry and Pharmacy, 
 the term, Foie, was applied to divers sub- 
 stances composed principally of sulphur, 
 and exhibiting an imaginary resemblance, 
 in colour, to the liver of animals : as F. d? 
 antimoine,F., &eparanti>nonii,L., spiess- 
 
 flanzleber, G.,- liver of antimony, the 
 yposulfantimonite potassique, of modern 
 French chemists ; and de sovfi-e, hepar 
 
 stilphuris, -schwefelteier, now termed 
 
 sulphuret of potass, see SULFURE. 
 
 FOLIACE, adj., foliaceus, L., blattart- 
 ig, G., foliaceous : an epithet employed, 
 in Anatomy, Zoology, and Botany, to de- 
 signate certain leaf-like parts, or organs, of 
 Animals and Plants : as 1. the fimbriated 
 extremity, ornamentum foliaceum, L., 
 of the Fallopian tube, see TROMPE : 2.
 
 FON 
 
 the laterally dilated tibia of some Tnsecls, 
 as Eitfflossa cm-data : and 3. the cotyledons 
 of Tilia europcea. FOLIAIRE, adj., folia- 
 ris, L., blattstandig, G., belonging to, 
 or growing on, a leaf: as the prickles, <?- 
 pines, F., ofCarduus marianus ; and glands 
 of Drosera. Grilles foliaircs : tendrils re- 
 sulting, as in Methonica superba, from pro- 
 longation of the leaf. 
 
 FoliE, s. f. : a term ordinarily synon. 
 with mental alienation ; but expressive, in 
 its more correct application, of disorder, 
 diminution, abolition, or perversion, of 
 the intellectual and affective faculties 
 See ANOIE, DEMENCE, IDIOTISME, MA- 
 NiE ; and Spurzheim's Observations sur la 
 Folk, 8vo., Paris, 1818. 
 
 FOLIFORME, adj., foliformis, L., foli- 
 form, exhibiting the figure of a leaf, foli- 
 um, L. : as the stipules of divers of the 
 LeffuminostB. FOIIPARE, adj., foliparis : 
 an epithet applied to buds which produce 
 only leaves. 
 
 FOLIOLE, s. m., foliolum, n.L., blatt- 
 chen, n. G., leaflet : 1. in Botany, a 
 small leaf, attached, with others, to a com- 
 mon petiole ; and entering into the struc- 
 ture of a compound leaf, see FEUII>LE : 
 2. one of the sepals, kelchblattern, G., 
 see SEPALE, of a polyphyllous calyx, or 
 of the pieces of an involucre. 
 
 FOLLETTE : the popular French desig- 
 nation of an epidemic bronchitis ; which, 
 frequently complicated with Pneumonia, 
 prevailed in Europe, in the 17th century. 
 
 FOLLICULE, s. m., folliculus, m. L., 
 follicle : a term employed, in Anatomy, 1. 
 as synon. with BOURSE muqueuse, and 
 CRYPTE ; 2. as a designation of the recep- 
 tacle of the bile, -folliculus fellis, L., see 
 CHOLECYSTE : in Pathology, of a minute 
 cyst, see KYSTE : in Botany, of a cap- 
 sular, dehiscent, membranous, univalve, 
 elongated fruit, balgkapsel, m. G.; o- 
 pening by a longitudinal suture, like the 
 fruit of Nerium splendent, and the Apocij- 
 nete: in Materia Medica, of the pod, 
 see GOUSSE, of Senna : in Zoology, of 
 the cocoon, see COCON, of certain Lepi- 
 doptera. FOLI-ICULAIHE, adj., follicula- 
 ris follicular, pertaining to follicles. 
 
 FOMENTATION, s. f., fbmentatio, f., fo- 
 mentum, n., fotus, m. L., biihung, f. G. : 
 in Therapeutics, the application of a warm 
 fluid to any part of the body, by means of 
 flannel, sponge, or folded linen. 
 
 FONCTION, s. f., functio, f. (fungor, to 
 execute an office), L., verrichtung, f. G., 
 function: in Physiology, the designa- 
 tion of the action of an organ, or system 
 of organs. The various functions of bodies 
 may be distributed into 1. those which re- 
 late to the preservation of the individual ; 
 and 2. those which serve for the mainte- 
 nance of the species. Some of these, as 
 274 
 
 FON 
 
 absorption, circulation, respiration, exha- 
 lation, secretion, and nutrition, among the 
 former, and fecundation, among the latter, 
 are possessed, in common, by animals and 
 plants : others, as the sensations, intellec- 
 tual faculties, locomotion and voice, par- 
 turition and lactation, generally peculiar 
 to the subjects of the animal kingdom. 
 
 FONDANT, s. m. and adj. : a term, or e- 
 pithet, applied, in Materia Medica, to re- 
 medies which are supposed to possess the 
 property of removing obstructions by the 
 liquefaction of inspissated or coagulated 
 fluids, see DESOBSTRUANT : in Chemis- 
 try, to agents which favour the fusion of 
 fusible bodies, see FLUX. 
 
 FONGATE, OU FUNGATE, S. HI., flingaS, 
 
 n. L. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, 
 pilzsaure salze, G., resulting from the 
 combination of a peculiar acid. acide fon- 
 yique, F., acidum/<7/ewj, L., -fungus- 
 siiure, pilzs&ure, G., which exists in di- 
 vers of the Fungi, with salifiable bases. 
 
 FONGIFORME, FoNcoiDE, adj., fungi- 
 formis, fungoides,L., fungiform, fungoid, 
 exhibiting the figure of a Junt/us : Ex. Pa- 
 pilles Joiiffiformes, F., the rounded, white, 
 pediculated papilla, disseminated on the 
 apex and borders of the tcngue. 
 
 FONGINE, ou FUNGINE, s. f!, fungina, 
 f. L., fungin : in Chemistry, a peculiar 
 whitish, soft, insipid, and highly inflam- 
 mable substance; composed of oxygen, hy- 
 drogen, carbon, and azote ; and constitut- 
 ing the basis of all the Fungi. 
 
 FONGOSITE, s. f., fungositas, f. L,., 
 schwammigkeit, f. G., fungosity : in Pa- 
 thology, the designation of a fungous ex- 
 crescence, Excroissance fongueuse, F., 
 
 schwammiger auswuchs, G., developed on 
 the surface of wounds and ulcers. FON- 
 
 GEUX, adj., fungosus, schwammig, 
 
 fungous : exhibiting the characters of ani- 
 mal fungosity, or vegetable fungus. 
 
 FONGUS, s. m., fungus, m. L. : in Pa- 
 thology, a soft, spongy, and fungijorm tu- 
 mour ; developed on the membranes, or 
 other structure, of the living body ; and 
 frequently exhibiting, like Fungus haana- 
 todes, f. himatoidc, F., blutsc/wamjn, G., 
 a malignant character. 
 
 FONTANF.LLE, s. f., fontattella, f., fon- 
 ticulum, n. L., blattchen, n. G. : in Ana- 
 tomy, a space filled up by cartilaginous 
 membrane, at certain angles of the cranial 
 bones of the foetus and new-born child. 
 Six fontanelles are commonly enumerated: 
 1. the Great or Sincipital, la arande ou 
 sincipitale, F., situated at the junction of 
 the coronal and sagittal sutures; and po- 
 pularly termed, in French, la Fontaine: 2. 
 the Lesser or Bregmatic, la petite ou breg- 
 matique ; at the point where the posteri- 
 or superior angle of the parietal ultimate- 
 ly unites with the superior angle of the oc-
 
 FOR 
 
 cipital bone : 3. and 4. the two Sphenoid, 
 spheno'idales ; existing in the temporal 
 fossae : and 5. and 6. the mastoid, masto'idi- 
 ennes , at the union of the parietal, occi- 
 pital, and temporal bones. 
 
 FONTICULE, s. m., fonticulus, m., fon- 
 tanella, f. L., fontanell, n. G., issue: ul- 
 cusculum arte chirurgica, in sana corporis 
 parte excitatum, L. Vide EXUTOIRE. Is- 
 sues are divided, by Schwilgue, into two 
 classes; (he caustic, or pea-issue, F. a pois, 
 F., see CAUTERE, and seton, -/. a seton. 
 
 FoncE, s. f., ^uvxfti;, x^aros, vis, po- 
 tentia, energia, f. I,., kraft, f. G., force, 
 power : in Natufal Philosophy, according 
 to some writers, the interior, but unknown 
 cause of every change, and phenomenon, 
 observed in nature. Others define it as 
 "every power which determines an action." 
 The time is, probably, not distant when 
 the nervous energy and vital powers, of the 
 Physiologist, the attraction and gravita- 
 tion, the affinity and cohesion, of the Na- 
 tural Philosopher and the Chemist, all 
 the varied phenomena ef mere animal and 
 vegetable life, light, caloric, electricity, and 
 magnetism, will prove to be the modifi- 
 ed operations of one common principle, as 
 stupendous in its effects, as simple and 
 universal in its nature and existence. 
 
 FORCEPS, s. m. F. and L. : an instru- 
 ment employed, by the Obstetric practi- 
 tioner, in difficult parturition. The sepa- 
 rate branches, of which it consists, are, 
 from the peculiarity of their construction, 
 termed male and female, branche male et 
 femelle, F. Also, the designation of an in- 
 strument used, by the Anatomist and Sur- 
 geon, in taking hold of, or extracting, parts 
 of the animal body difficult of seizure by 
 the fingers. 
 
 FORMIATE, s. m., formias, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, ameisensaure 
 salze, G., resulting from the combination 
 of a peculiar acid, the formic, acide for- 
 mique, F., acidum/wmicum, L., ameisen- 
 saure, G., so named as yielded by the ant, 
 -formica, L., with salifiable bases. For- 
 mic ether, ether formique,ameisena.ther, 
 was discovered, by Afzelius, in 1777- 
 
 FORMICATION, ou FOURMILLEMENT, s. 
 f., formicatio, f. :-sensatio in qu&dam cor- 
 poris parte, ac siformicce super earn decur- 
 rerent, L., das gefuhl wie wenn ameisen 
 iiber die haut laufen, G. FORMICANT, adj. : 
 an epithet applied, in Pathology, to a weak 
 and irregular pulse, pouls formicant, F., 
 pulsus formicans, L., producing a sensa- 
 tion like that caused by the progression of 
 an ant formica, L. beneath the finger. 
 
 FORMULAIRE, s. m., formularium, n., 
 codex medicamentarius, L., formular, n. 
 G. : in Materia Medica, a collection of me- 
 dical prescriptions or formula, FOR- 
 
 MUI.ES, s. f. pi., medicinische formeln o- 
 
 275 
 
 FOU 
 
 der recepte, G. FOHMULEH, v. a., fa-ire 
 unefonnule, F., to write a prescription. 
 
 FORTIFIANT, s. m. and adj. : a term, or 
 epithet, applied, in Materia Medica, to 
 tonic and strengthening remedies, reme- 
 dia roborantia, L,. 
 
 FOSSE, s. f., fossa, f. L., grube, f. G., 
 pit or depression : in Anatomy, a cavity 
 differing in depth ; the orifice invariably 
 wider than the fundus. It exists in many 
 organs. The fossae of the bones are term- 
 ed simple, when belonging exclusively to 
 one bone ; as the parietal, fosses parittales, 
 F. : compound, when several bones contri- 
 bute to their formation ; as the temporal 
 depressions, /. temporales,F., -fossastempo- 
 rales,L., die schlafen^rZ>eH,G. The prin- 
 cipal cavity of the soft parts, Fossa mag- 
 na, est pudendi muliebris cavitas interior, 
 sive rima magna,L die offnung der weib- 
 liche schaam, G. In common language, a 
 grave, sepulchrum, n. L., grab, n. G. 
 F.tfaissance, F. thefoss, or pit, of a privy. 
 
 FOSSETTE, s. f., petite fosse, F., scro- 
 
 biculus, m.L., Safyw, griibchen, n.G., 
 
 a little pit, or depression : as 1. Fos. angu- 
 laire du quatrieme ventricule, F., an anato- 
 mical designation applied, by Chaussier, to 
 the Calamus scriptorius, see CALAMUS ; 2. 
 
 des joues, yeXaavvaj, gelasinus, L., . 
 
 the dimple seen on the human cheek, in 
 laughter; 3. du men ton, of the chin; 
 4. du cceur, scrobiculus cordis, see AN- 
 TICARDE. In Surgery, a term synon. with 
 BOTHRION : in Zoology, the depression ex- 
 isting in the hinge of a bivalve shell. 
 
 FOSSILE, adj., fossilis, L.. : an epithet 
 employed, in Natural History, to desig- 
 nate organized bodies, whose solid parts, 
 after long deposition in the earth, have 
 preserved, unimpaired, their original struc- 
 ture. See Cuvier, Recherches sur les Osse- 
 mens Fossiles, etc., 4to., Paris, 182224; 
 ahd Agassiz, Recherches sur les Poissons 
 Fossiles, 4to. and folio, 1833. Fossilien, s. 
 f. pi. G., fossil bodies. Versteinerte schal- 
 thiere, fossil Testacea. See, also, FLORE. 
 
 FOUGERE, s. f. See PTERIDE, and Po- 
 LYPODE. FOUGERE s, pi., Filices, L., . 
 die Farnkrauter, G , the Ferns : in Bo- 
 tany, a Natural Family of Plants, consti- 
 tuting an Order in the Class, Cryptoaamia, 
 of Linnaeus, see Smith's English Flora, 
 v. iv, p. 375 ; and in the Class, Acotyle- 
 donece, of Jussieu. 
 
 FOURCHETTE, s. , furcula, f. L., . 
 gabel, f. G., literally, a. fork : a term em- 
 ployed, in Anatomy, to designate, 1. the 
 posterior commissure of the labia puden- 
 di ; 2. the xyphoid cartilage of the human 
 sternum, sometimes presenting a bifid fi- 
 gure : in Comparative Anatomy, 1. the 
 second clavicle, or fork-hone, gabelbein, 
 n. G., of Birds ; 2. the V-shaped eleva- 
 tion, situated in the central and posterior 
 T2
 
 FRA 
 
 part of the horse's foot : in Surgery, a fork- 
 like instrument, destined to elevate the 
 tongue in the operation of dividing the 
 fraenum. 
 
 FOURMI, s. f. : in Entomology, a genus 
 of Insects, Formica ( Hymenoptera, Formi- 
 cidae, Steph.), L., Mt/f/aj, die Ameise, 
 G., the Ant; comprizing, in the system 
 of Linnaeus, numerous species, which, by 
 later naturalists, have been distributed 
 into several distinct genera. Ants furnish 
 the formic acid, see FORMIATE; and were 
 formerly employed in the composition of 
 irritating cataplasms. FOURMILIKRE, s. f., 
 formicarum nidus, cubile, .L., ameis- 
 ennest, n., ameisenhaufe, m. G., ants' 
 nest, ant-hill. FOURMILLEMEKT, see 
 FORMICATION. 
 
 FOURNEAU, s. m., fornax, f., caminus, 
 m. L., xccftivo;, xXtSxtos, ofen, m. G., 
 furnace: an apparatus for elevating the 
 temperature of bodies which require to be 
 heated. It consists, essentially, of the 
 ash-hole, cendrier, m. F., and the grate, 
 see FOYER ; and is farther designated, 
 according to its peculiar construction and 
 purpose, F. evaporatoire, dc conpelle, de 
 revcrbere, de forge, et de fusion. 
 
 FOYER, s. m., focus, m. L , Ifr'ut: in 
 Physics, the point of concentration brenn- 
 punkt, m. G., of the luminous or calori- 
 fic rays, reflected by a concave mirror, or 
 refracted by a lens : in Chemistry, that 
 part of a furnace see FOURNEAU, de- 
 stined for the reception of the combusti- 
 ble matter, or fuel : in Pathology, the 
 precise seat, see SIEGE, of a disease. In 
 Surgical Pathology, employed as a syno- 
 nym of Abscess : in common language, a 
 hearth, or fire-place. 
 
 FRACTURE, s. , fractura, f. (frangere, 
 to break), L., xarmy/ta., xXaffis, bruch, 
 heinbruch, m. G. : in Surgical Pathology, 
 a solution of continuity, effected, in a 
 bone, by the infliction of mechanical vio- 
 lence beyond the natural extensibility of 
 its structure, or the force of cohesion of its 
 constituent molecules. Occurring in the 
 long bones, it may be transverse, longitudi- 
 nal, or oblique. Fracture is, moreover, said 
 to be comminuted, comminutive, F., 
 when the bone, broken into numerous frag- 
 ments, is driven in among the soft parts ; 
 simpler, when the bone is exclusively im- 
 plicated ; compound, or complicated, com- 
 posee, ou compliquee, when accompanied 
 by wound of the integuments and contu- 
 sion of the surrounding parts; or the ex- 
 istence of a serious lesion, as rupture of an 
 important blood-vessel or nervous trunk. 
 
 FRAGILITE, s. f., fragilitas, f. (same), 
 L... xpKugoms, zerbrechlichkeit, f. G., 
 fragility, brittleness : in Physics, the pro- 
 perty possessed, by certain bodies, such as 
 glass, of breaking readily, from percussion. 
 
 276 
 
 FRE 
 
 In Pathology, an extraordinary suscepti- 
 bility of fracture, connected with a peculi- 
 ar condition, of the osseous system, is 
 termed Fraailite des on, F., fragilitas os- 
 sium, L. FRAGILE, adj., fragilis, xoau- 
 
 j ? , zerbrechlich, brittle : an epithet 
 
 employed, in .Zoology and Botany, to de- 
 signate, specifically, animals whose organs, 
 as the tail of Anguis and shell of Jan- 
 thina fragihs , and, generally, those parts 
 of a plant which, like the stem of Sunchus 
 oluraceus, break on the slightest flexion. 
 FRAGMENT, s. m., fragmentum, n. L., 
 xXair/ta, bruchstuck, n. G. : a term em- 
 ployed, in Surgical Pathology, to desig- 
 nate the portions of a fractured bone. 
 Pieces, completely separated from the bo- 
 dy of a bone, are named splinters, see Es- 
 
 QUILLE. 
 
 FRAGON, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Rns- 
 cus ( Dioecia, monodelph. ; Smilaccte), L 
 The root of one species, le petit houx, F., 
 . R. aculeatufi, der stachlige mausdorn, 
 
 G., prickly butcher's-broom, a small 
 
 European evergreen, is excitant, aperient, 
 and diuretic. 
 
 FRAISIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Fragaria ( Icosan<lria,polygn. ; ttosacetej,1j., 
 die Erdbeerpflanze, das Erdbeerkraut, 
 G,, Straw berry -plant ;containingbut few 
 species r the fruit of which, -fraise, F., 
 erdbeere, G., affords a cooling and de- 
 licious aliment. The root of the wood-straw- 
 berry, F. vesca, is said to be tonic, and 
 slightly diuretic. 
 
 FRAMBOISIER, s. m. : a species, in Bo- 
 tany, belonging to the genus Rubus, see 
 RONCE. The/rM/7, framboise, f. F., him- 
 beere, G., of R. idaus, die himbeer- 
 strauch, is acidulous and refreshing. 
 
 FRANCHE-MULLE, s.f. See CAILLETTE. 
 
 Fi EIN, s. m., fnenum, n. L.. : in Ana- 
 tomy, a fold of membrane by which an or- 
 gan is attached to adjacent parts : as 1. Fr. 
 de la langne, F. ; 2. des levres, ; 3. de 
 la verge, see FILET : 4. du clitoris, 
 fresnulum clitoridis, a slight membranous 
 fold, formed by a junction of the internal 
 branches of the superior extremity of the 
 nymphae ; 5. Freins de la valrule de Bau- 
 h':n, a term applied, by Morgagni, to the 
 two prominent, lines formed by the junc- 
 tion of the extremities of the two lips of 
 the ilie-crecal valve; S:e ILKO-CCECAL. 
 
 FREMISSEMENT, s. m., fremitus, m. 
 Ij., schauder, m., zitternde bewegung, f. 
 G.:in Physics,!. the commencement ofthe 
 agitation exhibited by a fluid, during ebul- 
 lition ; 2. the vibratory movement of the 
 integral molecules of certain bodies, and, 
 especially, sonorous bodies, consisting in 
 a series of vibrations which are communi- 
 cated to the atmosphere and produce sound: 
 in Pathology, an oscillating, rapid, irregu- 
 lar, and involuntary commotion ofthe mus-
 
 FRO 
 
 cular system, syn. with FRISSONNEMENT. 
 F. cataire, Y.,fremitus felinus, L. : a pe- 
 culiar tremulous sensation felt, on appli- 
 cation of the hand to the precordial regi- 
 on, in lesions of the left auriculo-ventri- 
 cular orifice of the heart, as ossification of 
 the mitral valve. Laennec has so desig- 
 nated it from its resemblance to the pur 
 uttered by the cat, under the influence of 
 pleasurable emotions. 
 
 FRENE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Framnus ( Polygamia, dioec. ; Jasmineae), 
 L., der Eschenbaum,G., the Ash; com- 
 prehending many species. The common 
 ash, F. excelsior, left: comnnin, die ge- 
 meine esche, has been named, from the 
 febrifuge properties attributed to its bark, 
 the Cinchona of Europe. Two other spe- 
 cies yield the common manna, see MANN E. 
 
 FRIABILITE, s. f., friabilitas, f. L., 
 ^a.Su^'oT'ns, zerreiblichkeit, f. G., friabi- 
 lity : in Physics, the property possessed, 
 by certain bodies, of reduction into minute 
 fragments, or coarse powder, under the in- 
 fluence of a slight shock. FRIABLE, adj., 
 F. and E friabilis, i^a^o,-, zerreiblich. 
 
 FRICTION, s. f., frictio, f. (fricare, to 
 rub), L., T^IS, aixr^is, reiben, ein- 
 reiben, n. G. : in Hygiene, and Therapeu- 
 tics, the act of rubbing any part of the sur- 
 face of the body with the hand, a brush, or 
 piece of flannel, or linen ; with unguents, 
 liniments, or oils. In the former case, the 
 process is termed dry rubbing, -friclio sicca, 
 L,. ; in the latter, moist, f. humida. 
 
 FRIGORIFIQUE, adj., frigorificus, L., 
 tlsv-yftaros, kaltend, G., frigorific, pro- 
 ducing cold, A frigorific mixture, melange 
 frigorifiqite, F., as that of ice, or snow, 
 with hydrochlorate of soda, or of lime, low- 
 ers the temperature of bodies plunged in- 
 to it, by liquifying at the expenee of the 
 caloric which it abstracts from them. 
 
 FRIGORIQUE, s. in., frigoricum, n. L.: 
 an imponderable fluid, hypothetically ad- 
 mitted, by some Philosophers, to explain 
 the production and phenomena of cold. Its 
 existence is now no longer acknowledged. 
 
 FRISSON, s. m., /<>?, rigor, m. L 
 schauer, m. G. shivering : in Pathology, 
 a sudden and transient contraction of the 
 skin and superficial muscular fibres, at- 
 tended with a sense of cold. FHISSONNE- 
 JMENT, s. m., horripilatio, f. L., leichter 
 schauer G., slight shivering. 
 
 FROID, s. m., frigus, n. L., -^v^as, 
 kalte, f. G., cold: in Physiology, a sensa- 
 tion produced by abstraction of caloric 
 from the animal organs; and painful in pro- 
 portion to its intensity. The term ex- 
 presses only a relative idea : absolute cold 
 does not exist. See FRIGORIQUE. FROID, 
 
 adj., frigidus, ^vx^s, kalt, cold : a 
 
 cold bath, balneum frigidum, L. ; cold poul- 
 tices, kalte umschlage, G. 
 
 277 
 
 FRO 
 
 FROMAGE, s. m., rvt, caseutn, n. L., 
 kase, m. G., cheese: an alimentary sub- 
 stance prepared with the caseous and but- 
 tery parts of milk. The caseous oxyde con- 
 stitutes the basis of all cheeses, and nearly 
 the whole of every cheese of inferior qua- 
 lity. Cheese is indebted, for its grateful sa- 
 pidity, to the presence of a large quantity 
 of caseate of ammonia. 
 
 FROMENT, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Triticum ( Triandria, digyn. ; Gramineee), 
 ,L., der Weizen, G., Wheat; compre- 
 hending, among others, the two valuable 
 species, 71 testivum, et spelta, ble et epe- 
 autre, F. The root of T. repent., das hund- 
 grass, of the Germans, see-CniENDENT, 
 is medicinally em ployed, as saccharine and 
 mucilaginous, by the French. 
 
 FRONJDE, s. f., frons, m. L., wedel, m. 
 -G., frond : in Botany, a term applied by 
 Linnaeus, to the stem of the Palmce andFi- 
 lices; by others, to the foliage of the former, 
 and the leaf of the latter: by Link, to the 
 foliaceous expansion of the Hepatices. In 
 Surgery, a bandage, employed principally 
 in wounds, and diseases, of the nose and 
 chin, and especially fracture or dislocation 
 of the lower jaw. In the latter case, it is 
 termed, also, Mentonniere. 
 
 FRONT, s. m., frons, m. L., piruvm, 
 stirn, m. G., forehead : in Anatomy and 
 Zoology, that portion of the face compriz- 
 ed, in Man and the Mammifera, between 
 the temples, the orbitar borders, and the 
 hairy scalp, or the summit of the ihead : in 
 Birds, that portion of the head extending 
 from beak to vertex: in Insects, the an- 
 terior superior region of the head situated 
 between the mouth, antennae, eyes, and 
 occiput. 
 
 FRONTAL, adj., frontalis, belonging, or 
 relating, to the forehead, frons : an epithet 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate divers 
 parts, and organs, so circumstanced : as 1. 
 an Artery, Artere frontale, F., arteria 
 frontalis, L., slirnarterie, G., a branch 
 of the ophthalmic, distributed on the fore- 
 head : 2. two Eminences, bosses frontales, 
 see BOSSE, situated, one on each side of 
 the external surface of the/rowto^bone: 3. a 
 Crest, crete frontale, epine frontale interne, 
 crista frontalis, s/irnleiste, placed at 
 the inferior extremity of the/rofa/groove, 
 and giving attachment to the falx cerebri, 
 see CRETE, and FAUX: 4. anexternal Spine, 
 epine frontale externe ou nasale, see - 
 PINE : 5. a Muscle, m. frontal, musculus 
 frontalis, s<zrnmuskel, the anterior belly 
 of the Occipito-frontalis is so designated by 
 Winslow and Soemmering : 6. a Nerve, 
 nerf frontal (n. palpe'bro-frontal, ChA 
 nervus frontalis, stimnerve; given off by 
 the ophthalmic, and dividing into two 
 branches ; one of which issues from the 
 orbit by. the supra-orbitary foramen ; the
 
 FRU 
 
 other, between the internal orbitary and 
 the cartilaginous pulley of the superior o- 
 blique muscle : 7- a Bone, 1'os frontal, 
 see CORONAL ; the anterior and convex 
 part of which is designated the frontal por- 
 tion of the frontal bone, der s/irntheil des 
 stirnhems, G. : 8. two Cavities, sinus fron- 
 tait.r, F., frontales, L., sft'rahohlen, 
 G., hollowed in the substance of the a- 
 dult bone, anteriorly to the ethmoid fis- 
 sure ; separated from each other, by a 
 transverse septum; and communicating, 
 below, with the anterior ethmoid cells : 9. 
 a Suture, sut. frontale, suturajrontalis , 
 uniting the two pieces of which the bone 
 is originally composed : and 10. a Vein, 
 veine frontale, vena frontalis, stirnvene, 
 one of the branches of the FACIAL. 
 
 FRONTAL, s. m., frontale; n. L. : a to- 
 pical remedy, ro ftiraviov, or bandage, 
 stirnband, G-., for the forehead. 
 
 FRONTO-CONCHIEN, s. m., and adj. : a 
 term, or epithet, applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the Superior, vel Attollens, auris, muscle, 
 see A.URICULAIRE ; as extending from 
 the frontal bone to the anterior superior 
 angle of the conchal cartilage. 
 
 FRONTO-ETHMoiDAL,aq]., fronto-eth- 
 moidalis, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the foramen ccecum, see AVEU- 
 OLE ; as belonging alike to the frontal and 
 ethmoid bones. 
 
 FRONTO-NASAL, adj., fronto-nasalis, 
 
 Ij. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to 
 one of the facial muscles, see PYRAMI- 
 DAL ; as extending from the frontal to the 
 nasal bones. 
 
 FRONTO-PAHIETAL, adj., fronto-parie- 
 talis, L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to the suture of the cranium, ordinarily 
 designated Coronal ; as resulting from ar- 
 ticulation of the frontal with the two pa- 
 rietal bones. 
 
 FHOTTEMENT, s. m., fricatio, f., fric- 
 tus, aff'rictus, m. L., abreibung, f., reilen 
 zweyer korper an einander, G. : in Physics, 
 friction of two bodies against each other ; 
 the resistance to motion, resultingfrom the 
 inequalities of surface which two bodies, 
 applied to each other, mutually present. 
 
 FRUCTIFICATION, s. , fructificatio, f. 
 JL., befruchtung, f. G. : in Botany, the 
 collection of phenomena which accompany 
 the formation of the fruit, from the first 
 moment of appearance to full maturity 
 The organs of fructification^ les organes de 
 fructification, F., of a plant are the sexu- 
 al organs. Among the parts of fructifica- 
 tion, partes fructificationis, L.., befruch- 
 tungstheile, G., are commonly enumerat- 
 ed, in addition to the stamen and pistil, the 
 corolla, calyx, germen, seed and receptacle. 
 
 FRUGIVORE, adj., frugivorus (frux, 
 
 fruit, vorare, to devour), L., fruchtfres- 
 send, G., frugivorous : an epithet appli- 
 
 278 
 
 FUM 
 
 ed, in Zoology, to animals which feed upon 
 fnrit*. 
 
 FRUIT, s. m., fructus, m. L., *T?, 
 frucht, f. G. : in Botany, a term applied 
 to the fecundated ovary of plants ; and, by 
 an extension of the signification, to the 
 assemblage of such ovaries supported on a 
 common stalk. FRUCTIFERE, adj., fruc- 
 tifer, fructiferus (fructus, and ferre, to 
 bear), !_., fruchttragend, G., fructife- 
 rous, bearing fruit, 
 
 FRUSTRANE, adj., frustraneus, L. : an 
 epithet employed, by Linnaeus, to desig- 
 nate an Order of his Class, Syngenesia ; 
 comprehending those genera of plants, the 
 central florets of the calathide of which, 
 like those of the Centaurea, are hermaph- 
 rodite: while the marginal are destitute, a- 
 like, of stamen and pistil; and, consequent- 
 ly, appear to exist in vain, -frustra, L. 
 
 FRUTICULEUX, adj., fruticulosus (fru- 
 tex, a shrub), L. : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to plants whose size is below that 
 of a shrub. FRUTIQUEUX, adj., frutico- 
 sus, L., strauchartig, G., to those exhi- 
 biting the stature of a shrub, arbritseau, 
 F. See A HERE. 
 
 FUGACE, adj., fugax, L., Qwyas, 
 
 schnell verganglich, G., fugacious : an 
 epithet employed, in Pathology, to desig- 
 nate morbid symptoms, or phenomena, of 
 short duration; as Frisson , rougeur fugace, 
 F., a transient shivering, an evanescent 
 redness : in Botany, synon. with CADUC. 
 
 FULIGINEUX, a'dj., fuliginosus, L., 
 X/yyj/aSxj, russig, russfarbig, G., fuligi- 
 nous, sooty, exhibiting the characters, or 
 colour, of soot,fuligo, L. ; as the teeth, 
 gums, tongue and lips, in adynamic and 
 putrid fevers; or certain plants, in the na- 
 tural state, as C lav aria fuliginea. 
 
 FULMINANT, adj., fulminans (fulmen, 
 thunder), L,., knallend, G. : an epithet 
 applied, in Chemistry, to every prepara- 
 tion, or compound, which possesses the 
 property of detonation, FULMINATION, s. 
 f., fuhninatio, f. L., under the influence 
 of heat, trituration, compression, or per- 
 cussion. The principal fulminating prepa- 
 rations are those of silver and gold, Yar- 
 gent et For fulminant, F., das knallsilber 
 und knallgold, G. /STna//pulver, fulminat- 
 ing powder. 
 
 FULMINATE, s. m., fulminas, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, knallsaure 
 salze, G., resulting from the combination 
 offulminic acid, Acide fulminiqite, F., a- 
 cidum fulminicum, L., knallsaure, G., 
 with salifiable bases. This acid enjoys, 
 as its name imports, the property of de- 
 composing with violence, from elevation of 
 temperature or percussion. It has never 
 yet been separated from its basis. Its com- 
 position is, consequently, unknown. 
 
 FUMEE, s. f., Turnus, n. L., *>,-,
 
 FUll 
 
 ranch, in. G., smoke: in Chemistry, a va- 
 pour, varying greatly in its density and 
 nature. It may be the product, 1. of one 
 of the constituent principles of a compound 
 bodv : thus, when a genuine balsam is ex- 
 posed to heat, benzoic acid is disengaged 
 in the form of smoke : 2. of the volatili- 
 zation of a solid body, as oxyde of arsenic, 
 diffused, by heat, through the atmosphere: 
 3. of the decomposition of certain sub- 
 stances, as coal and wood, by the agency of 
 fire. The smoke of the former is an admix- 
 ture of ashes and coal in minute division; 
 which, from deficiency of oxygen, or other 
 cause, have escaped decomposition in the 
 flame : of the latter, a mixture of oil, wa- 
 ter, and acetic acid, in a state of vapour. 
 
 FuMETERaE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Fumaria ( Diadelphia, hexandr. ; Papaye- 
 racece), J_i., der Erdrauch, G., Fumito- 
 ry. One common European species, F. 
 officinalis, la/, commune., is bitter and to- 
 nic. An Extract and Syrvp of it are, as 
 such, employed in French and an Extract, 
 Erdrauchextract, and Fresh-expressed 
 Juice, FrischausgepressterErdrauchsaft, 
 in German practice. FUMARINE, s. f., 
 fumarina, f. L. : an organic alkali said to 
 have been discovered, by Peschier, in Fu- 
 maria qfficinalis. 
 
 FUMIGATION, s.f. fumigatio, f.(fumus, 
 smoke), L., xaifvi/rpos, beraucbern, n., 
 beraucherung, f. G. : in Pharmacy, a pro- 
 cess, which consists in the extrication, and 
 diffusion, of a vapour within certain limits, 
 for the purpose of either purifying the at- 
 mosphere from some noxious emanation, 
 or miasma, with which it is tainted ; or o- 
 perating upon the surface of the human 
 body. Chloride of lime constitutes one of 
 the most powerful and commonly-employ- 
 ed of the disinfecting agents: and Sulphur- 
 ous and Mercurial fumigations are effec- 
 tively prescribed in obstinate cases of Sca- 
 bies and Syphilis. 
 
 FUNGATE. See FONGATE. FUNGINE. 
 See FONGINE. 
 
 FUNICULE, s. m., funiculus, m. Li., 
 keimgang, m. G., navel-string : a term, 
 in Anatomy and Botany, synon. with um- 
 bilical cord. See CORDE and OMBILICAL. 
 
 FURCULAIRE, adj., furcularis, L. : an 
 epithet applied, in Comparative Anatomy, 
 to the fork-bone, FOURCHETTE, ou Cla- 
 vicule furculaire, of Birds. 
 
 FUS 
 
 FUREUR, s. in., furor, m. L. : in Pa- 
 thology, the highest grade of Mania. F. 
 uterine, F., furor uterinus, L., mutter- 
 muth, G. See ANDROMANIE. 
 
 FuRrcRAcfa, adj., fuifuraceus, L., 
 mrv^aiiP/is, kleiartig,kleienartig,G., fur- 
 furaceous : an epithet employee, in Path- 
 ology, to designate certain cutaneous affec- 
 tionSj-^-as forrigo furfurans, of Willan,- 
 teigne fwfuracee, of Alibert ; and, also, a 
 pediment in the urine, kleienartiger boden- 
 satz im urin, G., which exhibit the ap- 
 pearance or character of bran, son, F., 
 /wr/wr,L., vlrvgov, kleie, G. : in Natural 
 History, objects which, as Physciafurfu- 
 racea, are covered with a bran-like powder. 
 
 FURONCJ.E, s. m., furunculus, m. L. : 
 in Pathology, a species of phlegmon, highly 
 painful and essentially gangrenous ; situ- 
 ated in the skin, and cellular tissue which 
 occupies the areolae of the dermis. Its 
 progress is slow. After some days, the 
 summit becomes perforated with several 
 orifices which discharge, at first, a bloody 
 pus, and, afterwards, a white filamentous 
 and gangrenous substance, eiterstock,G., 
 see BOURBILLOIT. Carbuncle and an- 
 thrax frequently result from irritation, or 
 derangement, of the primse viae. 
 
 FUSAIN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Eu- 
 onymus ( Pentandria, monogyn. , Rhamnoi- 
 dece),\j., der Spindelbaum,G., Spindle- 
 tree. The common species, E. europcea, 
 le/. commun, F., an European shrub, pos- 
 sesses, in all its parts, emetic and cathartic 
 properties. The powder of the acrid cap- 
 sules is topically employed for the destruc- 
 tion of Pediculus capitis. 
 
 FUSIBILITE, s. f., fusibilitas, L., 
 schmelzbarkeit, f. G. : in Chemistry, the 
 property, enjoyed by certain bodies, of u- 
 niting so intimately with caloric, as to as- 
 sume the liquid form. FUSIBLE, adj., 
 fusiblis, sch melzbar, possessing the pro- 
 perty of fusibility. 
 
 FusiFORME,adj.. fusiformiSjL., spin- 
 delf ormig, G., spindle-shaped : as, in Zo- 
 ology, the shell of Bulimus fusiformis ; in 
 Botany, the root of Daucus carota. 
 
 Fusiox, s.f!, fusio, f. (fundere, to melt), 
 L., x,uffis, schmelzung, f. G. : in Che- 
 mistry, a process which has, for its object, 
 the transformation of solids into liquids, 
 by exposure to the action of caloric. 
 
 G. 
 
 GAD 
 
 GADE, s. m. : a genus, in Ichthyology, 
 Gadus ( Malacopteryyiens, Subrachiens ; 
 Gado'ides, Cuv.), L., Cod ; containing 
 many marine and fresh- water species high- 
 ly valued as articles of diet. Among these, 
 
 2.79 
 
 GAD 
 
 the common cod, G. morrhua (Morhun 
 vulgaris, Fl.), le morue, F., der kabel- 
 gau, G. ; the burbot, G. lota (Molva lota), 
 la lotte, die quappe ; and the whiting, 
 G. Merlangus (Merl. vulgaris ),le mer-
 
 GAI 
 
 Ian, der witling, are entitled to especial 
 notice. The genus, Gadus, has been dis- 
 tributed, by modern Naturalists, into se- 
 veral genera, belonging to the family of 
 the GADO'IDES, s. m., pi., Gadoidei, L. 
 
 GAIAC, ou GAYAC, s. m. : a genus, in 
 Botany, Guaiacum ( Decandria, monogyn. ; 
 Rutacece), L., Lignum Vitse Tree ; com- 
 prehending few species. The principal of 
 these, G. qfflcinale, g. afleurs bleues, F., 
 guajakbaum, G., a native of the VVest 
 Indies, yields a medicinal wood, bois de 
 paiac, lignum guaiaci, guajak-, pokken-, 
 franzosenholz; and a peculiar substance, 
 see GAIACINE, once erroneously regarded 
 as a resin or gum-resin, and still named 
 Guaiacum-resin, Guaiaci liesina, L., 
 gomme-resinf de Gaiac, F., Guajakharz, 
 Guajakgumme, G. Both of these sub- 
 stances possess stimulant, purgative, diure- 
 tic, and diaphoretic qualities. French and 
 German Officinal Preparations : an Alcoho- 
 lic Tincture, Tinct. de liesina Guaiaci, 
 Ph. Gall., Geistige Guajaktinctur, G. ; 
 Ingredients for Decoction, Species sudori- 
 ficse ad Decocta paranda, Species zum 
 Holztrank. French : a Compound and 
 Compound Aperient Decoction, Decoctum 
 de Guaiaco compositum, et compos, et 
 purgans. German: an Ammoniated Tinc- 
 ture, a Tincture in Rum, and Tincture of 
 the Wood, Fluchtige Guajaktinctur, Gua- 
 j'akauflosung in Tama oder 'Rum, und Gua- 
 jakholztinctur ; an Alcoholic and a Watery 
 Extract, Geistiges und Wasseriges Gua- 
 jakextract ; and an Empyreumalic Oil, 
 Brenzliches Guajakol. 
 
 GAIACINE, GAYACINE, s. f., guaiacina, 
 f. L.: a brownish or reddish, acrid, slightly 
 aromatic, and resin-like substance, see 
 GAIAC, which transudes naturally from 
 the trunk of the Guaiacum offlcinale. 
 
 GAII.LET, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Galium ( Telrandiia, monogi/n. ; Rublace<c), 
 L., das Labkraut, G., Bed-straw ; com- 
 prizing many European species : the dried 
 leaves of several of which possess the pro- 
 perty of coagulating milk, yuKa. : hence, 
 the generic name. The juice of the com- 
 mon cleavers, G. apatine, le g. accro- 
 chant, is prescribed in diseases of the skin 
 and lympnatic system and the yellow 
 bed-straw, G. verum, le g. jaune, by 
 some, regarded as galactopoietic. 
 
 GAINE, s. f., etui, 'i^ureav, vagina, f. 
 L., scheide, f. G., sheath : a term em- 
 ployed, in Anatomy, to designate certain 
 parts which are destined to enclose, and 
 serve as envelopes to, other parts, or or- 
 gans. Of these, the principal are 1. G. de 
 Fapophyse du stylo "ule, F., the osseous pro- 
 jection which surrounds the base of the 
 styloid process of the temporal bone : 2. 
 de la veineporte, thecellular membrane 
 .which accompanies the divisions of the 
 
 280 
 
 GAL 
 
 vena portarum into the substance of the 
 liver : 3. aponevrotique, the fascia en- 
 veloping the muscles of a limb ; also, the 
 cellular expansions which surround the in- 
 dividual muscles, penetrate between their 
 fibres, and sheathe the arteries : 4. ten- 
 dincuse, the synovial membrane reflected 
 over various tendons and the pulleys of 
 
 bones : and 4 des valsseaux spermatiques, 
 
 the funnel-shaped process of the fascia 
 transversalis, which receives, and accom- 
 panies to the testicle, the spermatic ves- 
 sels. In Zoology, the horny tube which, 
 in certain Insects, as the Hemiplera and 
 Diptera, contains the setae destined to ope- 
 rate as lancet and pump, in procuring, and 
 conveying to the cesopnagus, the fluids of 
 the animals on which they feed. In Bo- 
 tany, that part of the leaf which, as in the 
 Graminea, sheathes a portion of the stem, 
 and apparently constitutes a substitute 
 for the petiole. 
 
 GALACTACRASIE, s. f., glactacrasia, 
 
 galactacratia, Kraus, f. (j/aA-a, milk, - 
 Kfa-riia., incontinence), L. Synon. with 
 GALACTIRRHEE. 
 
 GALACTiiUE,adj., yXa*T/*y, galac- 
 ticus, L., pertaining to milk. Syn. with 
 LACTIQUE. 
 
 GALACTIRRHEE, s. f., galactirrhcea, f. 
 (yaX, milk, ptw, to flow), L., das aus- 
 Jllessen der milch, G., excessive secretion of 
 milk. Two species, or varieties, of this 
 affection are distinguished by Pathologists. 
 They differ essentially in their causes, 
 symptoms, and the treatment which they 
 require. Ihese are the Galactirrhcea of 
 nurses, and that of females who have long 
 ceased to nurse. 
 
 GALACTOMETRE,s.m., galactometrum, 
 11. (same, and ftir^ai, a measure), L., 
 milchmesser, milchpriifer, m. G. : an in- 
 strument destined to determine the good- 
 ness of milk by the proportion of butter 
 which it contains. GALACTOMETRIE, s. f. ? 
 galactometria, f. L., milchmesskunst, 
 f. G., the act, or art, of employing such 
 instrument. 
 
 GALACTOPHAGE,adj., yaZ.KXToQa.'yos, 
 
 galactophagus, L., milchfressend, G. ?, 
 feeding, or liviny, upon milk. 
 
 GAJLACTOPHORE, adj,, ya.^a.x.ra^'a^, 
 galactopborus, lactiferus, L., milchhaltig, 
 G., lactiferous, conveying milk : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the chyliferous 
 or Licteal absorbents, on account of the 
 milk-like colour of the fluid which they 
 
 transmit : 2 the excretory ducts of the 
 
 female breast which convey the milk to the 
 nipple. GALACTOPHORE, s. m : an instru- 
 ment destined to facilitate the process of 
 lactation, when the female nipple is too 
 short for seizure by the infant's lips. 
 
 GALACTOPLANIE, s. f., galactoplania, 
 f. (ydKa., milk, <p> r dw, error, wandering a-
 
 GAL 
 
 bout), galactometastasis, f. L., milchver- 
 setzung, f. G., metastasis of the milk, 
 
 GALACTOPLEROSE, s. f., galactoplero- 
 sis. f. (same, and TXri^taim, the act of filling 
 up), L., milchiibernuss, f. G., an over- 
 flowing redundant secretion of milk. 
 
 GALACTOPOIESE, s. f., yaA.T5r!.'a, 
 galactopoiesis, f. L., milchbereitung, f. 
 G. : in Physiology, the faculty possess- 
 ed, by the mammary gland, of secreting 
 milk. GALACTOPOIETIQUE, adj., yaA.x- 
 Tcvrotti-TiKo; : an epithet applied, in Materia 
 Medica, to substances, remedia galactopoi- 
 eiica, L^, die milchmachenden mittel, G., 
 which possess the property, lafaculte ga- 
 lactopoiitique, ou galactose, G., of augment- 
 ing the secretion of milk. 
 
 GALACTOPOSIE, s. f., yXaxri3!ra<r/, 
 galactoposia, fl L., milchdrinken, n. G. : 
 literally, pi.talion of milk ; but employed, 
 as a term in Hygiene and Therapeutics, 
 to designate a milk-diet, diete lactee, ou re- 
 gime lacte, F., yaXaxroTjoip/a, galacto- 
 trophia, f. L., milchnahrung, fl G. GA- 
 T.ACTOPOTE, adj. (yXa, milk, !TflTi{, a 
 Irinker) : a term substantively used to de- 
 signate an individual, yaXa*<r<raT!f, 
 
 lactipotor,L who lives habitually on milk. 
 
 GALACTOPYKE, s. f., galactopyra, f. 
 
 (yx, and *% fever), L., milchfieber, 
 n. G., milk-fever. 
 
 GALACTOSE, s. f., yu.Ku.x,r<uais, palac- 
 tosis, f. L., secretion of milk. See GA- 
 LACTOPOIESE. 
 
 GALACTURIE, s.f., galacturia, f. (yaXa, 
 milk, ol^ita, to void urine),L., milchharn- 
 en, n., der abgang mikh'dhnlicher fliissig- 
 keit durch die harnwege, G., the discharge 
 of a milk-like fluid by the urinary passages. 
 
 GALANGA (grand), s. m. : in Materia 
 Medica, the stimulant and aromatic root, 
 galgantwurzel, G., of an Indian monan- 
 drous monogynous plant, Maranta galan- 
 ga : of whicn, the Germans have a Tinc- 
 ture, Galganttinctur. (petit J : ac- 
 cording to some writers, a variety of the 
 preceding ; to others, the pharmaceutical 
 designation of the root of Aponogeton mo- 
 nostachium. 
 
 GALBAA T UM, s. m. F., n. L., ;*.), 
 galbanharz, mutterharz, G. : in Alate- 
 ria Medica, a strongly-scented and aroma- 
 tic gum-resin, the product of Bubon galba- 
 nifeium. Its medicinal properties resem- 
 ble those of the Assafbetida ; but are less 
 powerful. The Germans have a Tincture, 
 Mutterharztinctur ; an Ethereal Oil, 
 Aetherisches Mutterharzol ; a Simple 
 Plaster, and Plaster with Saffron, Mut- 
 terharzpHaster, und GesafFrantes Mutter- 
 harzpflasier, of this substance. 
 
 GALBULE, s. m., galbulus, m. L., 
 zapfenbeere, f. G. : a designation applied, 
 in Botany, to the cone of the cypress, 
 cypressennuss, f. G. 
 
 281 
 
 GAL 
 
 GALE, s. f., v/-g, scabies, psora, t. 
 L., kratze, f. G., itch : in Pathology, a 
 genus of Cutaneous Diseases ; belonging to 
 the 9th Group, Dermatoses Scabieuses, of 
 Alibert's arrangement, and the 5th Order, 
 Pujfula, ot'Willan's. Three species, G. 
 legitime, fausse ou batarde, et ptcorine, 
 Scabies exquisita, spuria, et pecorina, 
 L., as affecting man, and some of the 
 lower animals, are enumerated, and de- 
 scribed, by Alibert, see Traite Complet des 
 Maladies de la Peau, p. 307 ; and illustrat- 
 ed by two splendid engravings, pi. Iv, and 
 Ivi : and four species, Sc. papuliformis, 
 lymphatica, purulenta, and cachecti- 
 ca, by Bateman, the friend and disciple of 
 Willan, see his Synopsis of Cutaneous 
 Diseases, p. 190, and Delineations, pi. xlv, 
 and xlvi. All the species and varieties of 
 itch are essentially contagious ; and some 
 of them occasionally complicated by the 
 presence of a minute animal, belonging to 
 the Acari, see ACARE, and SARCOPTE. 
 By French pathological writers, the epi- 
 thets, scrofuleuse, syphilitique, scorbutique, 
 and htrpetique, are respectively employed 
 to designate Scabies, when occurring in 
 scrofulous, syphilitic, scorbutic, or herpe- 
 tic subjects. See, also, Itayer, Theoretical 
 and Practical Treatise on Diseases of the 
 Skin, London, 1835. 
 
 GALE, s. m. : a species, in Botany, be- 
 longing to the genus, Myrica (Dioecia, te- 
 trandr. ; Amcntacea?), L., le drier, F., 
 der Wachsbaum, G., Candle-berry Myr- 
 tle. The only European species, m.gale, 
 g. odorant, F., sweet gale, was for- 
 merly employed as tea : and the fruit of 
 another, M. cerifera, Yarbre a cire,F., 
 yields, on decoction, a wax, convertible into 
 candles, of pleasant odour. 
 
 GALEA, s. : a term introduced from the 
 Latin , and employed to designate, in A- 
 natomy, the Amnios membrane : in Pa- 
 thology, cephalalgia involving the whole 
 head : in Surgery, Galen's bandage, b. de 
 Galen, F. : in Botany, the superior petal, 
 galea, f. L., helm, m. G., of the labi- 
 ate corolla. 
 
 GALKAN'THROPIE, s. f., galeanthropia, 
 f. (yaXSj, a cat, Kvfyax-is, a man), L., katz- 
 ensucht, fl G. : in Pathology, a maniacal 
 affection; in which the patient believes 
 himself to be transformed into a cat. See 
 CYNANTHROPIE, et LYCANTHROPIE. 
 
 GALEN E, s. f., ya.*.wn, galena, f. L , 
 bleiglanz, m. G., native sulphuret of 
 lead. 
 
 GALENISME, s. m., galenism : in Me- 
 dical Science, the doctrine of Galen. GA- 
 LENIUUE, adj., pertaining to galenism : as 
 Medicina galenica, L., die galenische arz- 
 nei, G., galenical medicine ; llemedia ga- 
 lenica, die einfachen, meistens vegetabi- 
 lischcn arzneimittel, G., simple, and, for
 
 GAM 
 
 the most part, vegetable remedies. GA- 
 LENISTE, s. m. : a partizan of the doctrines 
 of Galen. 
 
 GALETE, ou GALETTE, s. f. : in Zoolo- 
 gy, a large, vaulted, moveable membrane, 
 kinnladenhelm, m. G. ; which covers 
 the jaws of the Orthoplera, and many Co- 
 leopterous and Neuropterous Insects. 
 
 GALLATE, s. m., gallas, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts gallussaure salze, 
 G., resulting from combination of gallic 
 acid with salifiable bases. This crystalliz- 
 ed substance, Acide gallique, F., acidum 
 
 gallicum, L., gallussaure, gaU'dpfels&ure, 
 
 G., exists, invariably combined with tan- 
 nin, in the nut-gall, see Noix de Galle, 
 and many kinds of bark. Convertible, by 
 the action of the nitric, into oxalic, acid. 
 
 GALLE, s. f., galla, f.L., X.VKIS, gall- 
 apfel, m., gallnuss, f. G., gall, gall-ap- 
 ple, gall-nut; an excrescence developed 
 on the leaf, flower, petiole, branches, stem, 
 and even root, of various plants. It re- 
 sults from the puncture of an insect, com- 
 monly belonging to the family of the Cy- 
 nipidce, or Diplolepida ; which deposits its 
 ovum in the wound. Galle de commerce, 
 Galles, pi., see Noix de galle. G. de Ro- 
 sier, see BEDEGAR. G. blanche, a gall 
 late-gathered, and of inferior value : 
 noire, one of the first gathered. The gall 
 is, moreover, termed spurious, -fausse, F,, 
 when its cavity is open or imperfect ; 
 
 genuine, vraie, when enclosed on all 
 
 sides, and containing the larvae of the in- 
 sect : simple, when the internal cavity 
 is single ; compound, composce, when it 
 consists of numerous cells. 
 
 GAL LINAGES, s. m., pL, Gallinacea, 
 Gallinte, L.., die Huhnerarten, G. : an 
 Order, in Ornithology ; of which the ge- 
 nus, Gallus, constitutes the type. 
 
 GALVANISME, s. m., galvanismus, m., 
 L. and G., galvanism : a term applied, 
 in Physics, to the electrical phenomena, 
 manifested on the contact of heterogene- 
 ous, and especially metallic, bodies ; in 
 consequence of their first discovery by 
 Galvani. GALVANI&UE, adj., pertaining 
 to galvanism : as electricitas galvanica, L,., 
 a term synon. with GALVANISME ; gal- 
 vanischc erscheinungen, G., galvanic phe- 
 nomena. 
 
 GALVANO-MAGNETISME, s. m., galva- 
 no-magnetismus, m. L., galvano-magne- 
 tism : a term, in Physics, synon. with E- 
 LECTRO-MAGNETISME. 
 
 GALVANOMETRE, s. m., galvanome- 
 trum, n. L.., galvanometer, m. G. See 
 ELECTROMETRE. GALVANOSCOPE, s. m., 
 galvanoscopium, n. L. See ELECTROSCOPE. 
 
 GAMMAROLOGIE, s. f., gammarologia, 
 f. (mipfutpt, a cray -fish, \'oyos, a discourse), 
 L. : in Zoology, a Treatise on the Gamma- 
 ridas vel Gammarina-, GAMMARIDES, ou 
 
 282 
 
 GAN 
 
 GAJIMARIENS, s. f., pL, a family of the 
 Crustacea ; of which the genus, Gamma- 
 rus, constitutes the type. 
 
 GANGLION, s. m., ya,yy\mv, ganglion, 
 n. L., knoten, m. G. : in Anatomy, a 
 mass, or tubercle, varying in form, tex- 
 ture, hue, volume, and consistence; com- 
 posed of an intricate net-work of nervous 
 filaments or blood-vessels, united by cel- 
 lular tissue, and enveloped in a common 
 capsular membrane. They are distin- 
 guished into three kinds : the glandiform, 
 
 lymphatic, and nervous, see GLANIU- 
 
 FORME, LYMPHATIQUE,NERVEUX. Gang- 
 lion de Gasser, F., g. Gasseri, L., der 
 Gassersche nervenknoten , G., a semicir- 
 cular swelling of the trifacial nerve, see 
 TRIFACIAL, previously to division into 
 its three branches. de Meckel, see 
 SPHENO-PALATIN. de Vieussens, plex- 
 us cceliacus, L., see CCELIAQUE. de 
 Cervelet ; Ganglions grands inferieurs ; et 
 grands super ieurs du cerveau: terms em- 
 ployed, bv Gall, to respectively designate 
 the corp. rhomboideum, see CORPS; the tha- 
 lami nerv. opticorum ; and corpora striata. 
 
 In Surgical Pathology, the ganglion is a 
 hard, indolent, colourless, globular swel- 
 ling, yayyaX/av, iiberbein, m. G., va- 
 riable in volume ; situated in the course 
 of an extensor tendon ; and formed by a 
 viscid albuminous fluid which is contained 
 in a cyst sometimes isolated, but ordinari- 
 ly communicating, by a slender pedicle, 
 either with the sheath of the tendon, or 
 with the synovial capsule >f a neighbour- 
 ing joint. The causes of its development 
 are unknown. 
 
 GANGLIFOHME, adj., ya.'yyXiuSns, 
 
 gangliformis, ganglioformis, L., knoten- 
 formig, G., gangliform, exhibiting the 
 figure of a ganglion ; as certain nervous 
 plexuses, plexus gangliformes, F. and L. 
 
 GANGLIONIQUE, GANGLIONNAIRE, adj., 
 ganglionicus, ganglionnaris, L., gang- 
 lionic, provided with ganglia : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to any nerve which, 
 like the great sympathetic, exhibits gang- 
 lia in its course. This nerve, see TRIS- 
 PLANCHNIQUE, regarded as an assemblage 
 of ganglia which, by their filaments of com- 
 munication, constitute a common whole, is 
 frequently distinguished by the name of 
 
 the ganglionic system, Systeme ganglio- 
 
 nique, F. See Wutzer, De Corp. Humani 
 Gangliorum Fabricate. Berolini, 4to, 1817- 
 
 GANGRENE, s. f., ya.'yygaivu, gangrie- 
 na, f. L., brand, m. G., gangrene : in 
 Pathology, the diminution, or extinction, 
 of the phenomena of life, in a part or or- 
 gan ; terminating in putrefaction. Gan- 
 grene is distinguished, 1. into the humid or 
 moist, G. humide, F., tjangraena humida, 
 L.., der heisse brand, F. ; and the dry, 
 seche, sicca, der trockne, according as
 
 GAR 
 
 the mortified portion is more or less im- 
 pregnated with fluids : and 2. with re- 
 ference to the peculiar causes from which 
 it has originated : as gangrene, from excess 
 of inflammation; from organic lesion of 
 the heart or larger blood-vessels;. from 
 strangulation, circular or lateral compres- 
 sion ; from congelation ; from the ope- 
 ration of some deleterious principle, and 
 from old age. The latter constitutes the 
 senile gangrene of pathologists. GANGRENfe, 
 adj., yangrana aftectus, L., attacked, or 
 stricken, with gangrene. GANGRkNEUX, 
 adj., ya.yy^a,iviKos, gangrrenosus, bran- 
 dig, gangrenou*, relating to, or exhibit- 
 ing the characters of, gangrene. Ya.yy^a.'r 
 vuffts, gangrsenosis, f. JL., die bildung 
 der heissen brandes, G., the state, or for- 
 mation, of ijangrene. 
 
 GANTELET, s. m., fascia digitalis, 
 handbinde, f. G. : in Surgery, a spiral ban- 
 dage, enveloping the fingers and hand, af- 
 ter the manner of a glove. 
 
 GARANCE, s. f . : a genus, in Botany, 
 Rubia ( Tetrandria, monogyn. , Rubiacece), 
 Li., die Farberrothe, G., Madder ; the 
 root of one European species of which, 
 G. ordinaire, F., R. tinetorum, much em- 
 ployed as a red dye, is slightly astringent 
 and diuretic ; and ranked among the five 
 aperitive roots. A red colour is imparted 
 to the bones, milk, and urine, of animals 
 feeding upon it. 
 
 GAHDE-M ALADE, s. m. : an individual 
 whose occupation it is to watch over, and 
 wait upon, the sick. 
 
 GARDE-ROBES, s. f., pi. : the popular 
 designation of ihefcecal excrement. Aller a 
 la garde-robe, F., to go to stool. 
 
 GARGARISME, s. m., yct^y a.ya 'fits (y a - 
 ya^u, to wash the mouth or throat), 
 gargarismus, m. L,., gurgeln, G., gargl- 
 ing: in Therapeutics, the act of washing the 
 mouth and fauces with a gargle : also, in 
 Pharmacy, the simple or medicated fluid, 
 gargarisma,n. L., gurgelmittel, gurgel- 
 wasser, n. G., gargle, employed for this 
 purpose, and operating as a topical bath, 
 or lotion, on the parts. 
 
 GARGOUII.LEMENT, s. m., gerausch 
 vom gurgeln, G., gurgling : in Patholo- 
 gy, the peculiar noise, produced, by the 
 air, in traversing pulmonary excavations 
 which contain softened tubercular matter. 
 It has some analogy with that which re- 
 sults from the rumbling of gas, knurren 
 in leibe, G., in the intestinal canal, of 
 which the expression is familiarly em- 
 ployed as a synonym ; or, rather, with 
 the cooing of certain birds. 
 
 GAROU, s. m. : in Botany, the popular 
 designation of two species belonging to the 
 genus, DAPHNE, la Laureole, of certain 
 French , der Kellerhals, oder der Seidel- 
 bast, of German writers. One of these, 
 
 283 
 
 GAS 
 
 Me/ereon, D. mezereum., d. lois-gentil, 
 laureole J'emelle, F., gemeiner kellerhals, 
 G., is a common European plant : the 
 other, flax-leaved Daphne, D. gnidium, 
 d. de Gnide, sain-bois, Italianischer kel- 
 lerhals, a native of South Europe. The 
 bark of both species is indiscriminately em- 
 ployed, when soaked in vinegar, as an epis- 
 pastic or rtibefacient ; and enters into the 
 composition of an unguent, Pommade de 
 Garou, F., destined to excite the suppura- 
 tion of artificial drains. See Roques, Phyto- 
 graphie Medic, v.i, pl.xli, xliii, p. 145, 148. 
 
 GARHOT, s. m. : in Surgery, a small cy- 
 linder of wood, employed to tighten the 
 circular band, by which the artery of a 
 limb is compressed, in order to suspend 
 the circulation of the blood in haemorrhage 
 from accident, amputation, or aneurism. 
 
 GARUM, s. m., ya^av, garum, n. L. : 
 in Dietetics, a term employed, by the An- 
 cients, to designate a sauce or pickle, eine 
 salzbruhe aus fisch, G., composed of the 
 fluid which exudes from the body and ova 
 of salted and half-putrid fish, and, after- 
 wards, strongly aromatized. Garum de- 
 rives its name, ita vocatum a Garo pisce, 
 from a small fish. ya^aj, described by 
 Dioscorides and Pliny ; and principally 
 used in the preparation of this powerfully 
 exciting condiment. See Dioscoridce Phar- 
 macorum SimpL, Liber Sec., Cap. xxxiv. 
 
 GASTER, s. m. : a term borrowed from 
 the Greek, ya<t<r^; and employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate either the belly in ge- 
 neral, venter, m. L., bauch, m. G., or 
 
 the stomach, ventriculus, magen, see 
 
 ESTOMAC, in particular. 
 
 GASTEHALGIE, ou GASTRALGIE, s. f., 
 gasteralgia, f, (ya<rrr,g, a.\yoi, pain), dolor 
 ventriculi seu ventris, L., magenschmerz, 
 oder bauchschmerz, in. G., pain in the 
 stomach or bowels. 
 
 GASTERANGIEMPHRAXIE, s. f., gaster- 
 angiemphraxis, f. (same, %*>, to strangu- 
 late, 'i/j.qia.%f, obstruction), L. : a term, 
 in Pathology, proposed as designative of 
 obstruction of the pylorus. Kraus, howe- 
 ver, substitutes a spurious Greek compound 
 of a-yytiov, a vessel, for the verb &%&, see 
 Medicimsches Lexicon, p. 3f>l ; and, conse- 
 quently, represents the term as signifying 
 an obstructed or congestive state of the blood- 
 vessels of the stomach, der mageninfarct, 
 die uberfullitng der blutgef'dssc des magens. 
 
 GASTEROPODES, s. m. pi., Gasteropoda 
 (ytto-rriz, the belly, vovs, a foot), L., die 
 Gasteropoden, G.: the designation, in Zo- 
 ology, of an Order of the Mollusca; com- 
 prehending those animals which creep up- 
 on the belly, and have, ordinarily, like the 
 Helices and Lymnece, part of the body en- 
 closed in an univalve shell, into which the 
 whole may be retracted in time of necessi- 
 ty or danger.
 
 GAS 
 
 GASTR-SUM, s. m. (same), F., n. L,., 
 bauchseite, f. G. : in Zoology, according to 
 Illiger, the inferior surface of the body of 
 the Mammifera, from larynx to anus. 
 
 GASTHICOLE, adj., gastricolus (gaster, 
 the belly, colo, to inhabit), L. : an epithet 
 applied, by Clark, to those CEstridce, the 
 larvae of which inhabit the intestines of va- 
 rious animals. See Linntean Transactions, 
 vol. iii. p. 289. 
 
 GASTRICISME, s. m., gastricismus, m. 
 Li. and G., gastricism : a term, in Patho- 
 logy, employed to designate gastric affec- 
 tions in general ; and, especially, that aie- 
 dical theory which ascribes all, or nearly 
 all, of the diseases of man to the accumula- 
 tion of impurities, saburres, F., in the 
 stomach and bowels, and suggests their re- 
 moval by emetic and purgative remedies, 
 die medicinische ansicht, welche alle o- 
 der die meisten krankheiten von unreinig- 
 keiten im magen und darmkanal herleitet, 
 und durch brech- oder purgirmittel zu hei- 
 len sucht, G. GASTRISME, s. m., ya.a- 
 vi<rpos, gastrismus, m. L. : the act of fill- 
 ing the belly; gluttony. 
 
 GASTRICITE, s. f. : a term whereby it is 
 proposed to designate, concisely, gastric de- 
 rangement, and the group of symptoms pe- 
 culiar to gastric fever. 
 
 GASTRILOQUE, s. m. and adj., gastrilo- 
 qus (gaoler, the belly, loquor, to speak), L. : 
 in Physiology, a term, bauchredner, m. 
 G., or epithet, synon. with ENGASTRI- 
 MYTHE, and VENTRILOQUE. 
 
 GASTRIQUE, adj., gastricus, L., gas- 
 trisch, G., gastric : an epithet employed, 
 in Anatomy, to designate parts, or organs, 
 belonging to the stomach, zum magen ge- 
 horig, G. These are, 1. The gastric Ar- 
 teries, Arteres gastriques, F., arteriae gas- 
 tricce, L., die arterien des magens, G. ; of 
 which there are distinguished, a. the supe- 
 rior, la G. superieure, gastro-hepatique, ou 
 Coronaire stonutchique, F., obere maaen- 
 schlagader, G., given off by the coeliac 
 
 trunk : b. the inferior right, infer ieure 
 
 droite, ou Gast,ro-Ej>iploiqnedroite,-a. branch 
 of the hepatic: andc. the inferior left, in- 
 fe'rieure ou Gastro-Epipldique gauche, 
 supplied by the splenic. 2. The Veins, 
 Veines gastriques which exhibit the same 
 distribution as the arteries; and terminate 
 in the vena portse. 3. The Nerves, Nerfs 
 gastriques : a. the two cords constituting 
 the terminations of the pneumo-gastric 
 nerves, and descending upon the two sur- 
 faces of the stomach ; and b. those twigs 
 of the Trisplanchnic, jwhich accompany 
 the gastric blood-vessels. 4. A Nervous 
 Plexus, pi. ffastrique ou coronaire, stomach- 
 ique, or network ; formed by the solar 
 plexus ; accompanying the coronary arte- 
 ry along the lesser curvature of, and dis- 
 tributing its branches to, the stomach. In 
 284 
 
 GAS 
 
 Physiology, a fluid, SMC gastrique, F., 
 succus gnstricus, L., maffensatt, G., of 
 great notoriety, and reputed power, said 
 to be secreted by the parietes of the sto- 
 mach, and to perform the office of an uni- 
 versal solvent. In Pathology, morbid af- 
 fections which directly involve, or are es- 
 sentially connected with the state of, the 
 stomach; &s gastric inflammation, seeGAS- 
 TRITE ; andffastric fever, -Jiei-re gastrique. 
 
 GASTRITE, s. f., gastritis, inflammatio 
 ventriculi, f. L,., magen entziindung,f. G., 
 inflammation of thestomach : in Pathology, 
 a morbid affection presenting itself under 
 divers forms : as 1. the acute, la g. aigue, 
 F., of which there are two varieties, the 
 superficial, and deep-sealed; and 2. the chro- 
 nic, la chronique. 
 
 GASTRO-ADYNAMICHJE,GASTRO-ATAX- 
 IQUE, adj., gastro-adynamicus, gastro-a- 
 taxicus, L. : epithets in Pathology, appli- 
 ed, respectively, to fevers; in whieh the 
 gastric are complicated with adynamic and 
 atajcic symptoms. 
 
 GASTRO-ARACHNOIDITE, s. f., gastro- 
 arachnoiditis, f. L. : co-existent inflamma- 
 tion of the stomach and arachnoid membrane 
 of the brain. 
 
 GASTRO-ARTHRITE, s. f., gastro-arth- 
 ritis, f. L. : a term employed, by Broussais, 
 to designate Gout; which, according to him, 
 is only inflammation of the joints excited, 
 or kept up, by gastritis. 
 
 GASTRO-BRONCHITE, s.f., gastro-bron- 
 chitis, L. : inflammation of the stomach 
 and bronchia, the catarrhal fever, fierre 
 catarrhale, F., of the older writers ; fre- 
 quently exhibited in chronic pneumonia, 
 and the last stage of pulmonary phthisis. 
 
 GASTROBROSE, s. f., gastrobrosis, f. 
 
 (yatrrvg, the stomach, fyuiris, the act of 
 gnawing), L. : a term applied, by Alibert, 
 to perforation of the stomach. 
 
 GASTROCELE, s. f. (same, and xv).*, an 
 hernial swelling), F. and Ij., magenbruch, 
 m. G.: hernia, formed by protrusion of the 
 stomach through the superior part of the 
 linea alba. 
 
 GASTRO-CEPHALITE, s. , gastroceph- 
 alitis, f. (same, and xnpa^v, the head), L., 
 co-existent inflammation of the stomach, 
 and the substance or membranes of the brain. 
 
 GASTRO-CHOLECYSTITE, s. f., gastro- 
 cholecystitis, f.(y<rT^, ^;x,bile, xu<rrn, 
 bladder), L. : inflammation of the stomach, 
 and gall-bladder ; a pathological condition 
 rarely, if ever, existing without duodenitis. 
 
 GASTROCNEMIENS, s. m. and adj. pi., 
 gastrocnemii, L. : an epithet employed, in 
 Anatomy, to designate two large muscles, 
 die wadenmuskeln, G., see JUMEAUX, 
 situated on the calf of the leg, yairTgox- 
 ttlf&ia. 
 
 GASTRO-COLIQUE, adj., gastro-colicus, 
 L.: an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to
 
 GAS 
 
 designate organs, .and blood-vessels, which 
 are alike connected with, or distributed 
 upon, the stomach and colon : as thegastro- 
 colic omenfiim, magenyrimmdarmnetz, n. 
 G., see EPIPLOON ; arid a venous trunk, 
 Veine gaslro-colique, formed by an uni- 
 on of the gastro-epiploic and right colic 
 veins, and pouring its contents into the 
 mesenteric. 
 
 GASTRO-COLITE, s. f., gastro-colitis, f. 
 L., inflammation of the stomach, yaffrfy, 
 and the large intestine, xuXov. 
 
 GASTRO-CYSTITE, s. f., gastro-cystitis, 
 f. L. : inflammation of the stomach and uri- 
 nary bladder, a complication frequently 
 existing in low and nervous fevers. 
 
 GASTRO-DERMITE, s. f., gastro-der- 
 mitis, f. L.. : inflammation of the stomach 
 and the skin, Ss^/j , as exhibited in the 
 febrile exanthemata. 
 
 GASTRO-DUODENAL, adj., gastro-duo- 
 denalis, L. : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate vessels which belong, or 
 are distributed, to the stomach and duode- 
 num ; as an Artery, Artere gastro-duode- 
 iwle, F., ma(/enzwolffin(jerscli\ag&der, G. ; 
 a branch of the hepatic ; and the corres- 
 ponding Vein, Veine gastro-duodenale, 
 which pours its blood into the vena portae. 
 
 GASTRO-DUODENITE, s. f., gastro-duo- 
 denitis, f. L., co-existent inflammation 
 of the stomach and duodenum. GASTRO- 
 DUODENO-CHOLECYSTITE, s. f., inflam- 
 mation of the stomach, duodenum, and gall- 
 bladder, a complication frequently occur- 
 ring in gastro-bilious affections, in bilious, 
 and the yellow fever. 
 
 GASTRODYNIE, s. f., gastrodynia, f. 
 (yata-rj, the stomach, Iduvtt, pain), L. : a pa- 
 thological term, syn. with GASTEHALGIE. 
 
 GASTRO-ENCEPHALITE, s. f., gastro- 
 encephalitis, f. L., inflammation of the 
 stomach and brain, Iyx<pAav. See GAS- 
 TRO-CEPHALITE. 
 
 GASTRO-ENTERITE, s. f., gastro-ente- 
 ritis, f. ('ya.ffrrio, svrwfav, the intestine),L. : 
 simultaneous inflammation of the stomach 
 and small intestine ; a pathological condi- 
 tion, from or with which, according to 
 Broussais, all the idiopathic fevers, of au- 
 thors, originate, or are essentially connect- 
 ed. GASTRO-ENTERO-COLITE, S. f., gaS- 
 
 tro-entero-colitis, f. L., inflammation of 
 the stomach, small and large intestine. 
 
 GASTRo-E'piPLo'iciTJE,adj., gastro-epi- 
 ploicus, L. : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate divers blood-vessels and 
 organs, which belong alike to the stomach, 
 <ya.fT^, and amentum, Iw/Vxaav : as 1. two 
 Arteries, Arteresgastro-epiplo'iques,F. ar- 
 teriae gastro-epiploica,L,. ; the right, rechte 
 
 wia<7ew7ie/.s-schlagader, G., supplied by 
 
 the hepatic, and traversing from right to 
 left, the greater arch of the stomach ; the 
 left, die linke, by the splenic, from left 
 
 285 
 
 GAS 
 
 to right : 2. Lymphatic glands, Ganglions 
 gastro-ipipldiqucs, situated near the great- 
 er curvature of the stomach, between the 
 two anterior laminae of the gastro-colic o- 
 mentum : 3. Nerves, Ncrfs gastro-epiplo- 
 iques ; the right furnished by the hepa- 
 tic ; the left, by the splenic plexus : and 
 4. two Veins, Veines gastro-epiploiques ; 
 the right terminating in the superior me- 
 &enteric ; the left, in the splenic vein. 
 
 GASTRO-E'PFPLO:TE, s. f., -gastro-epi- 
 ploitis, f. L. : simultaneous inflammation 
 of the stomach and amentum, IsnVXaav. 
 
 GASTRO-HEPATIQUE, adj., gastro-he- 
 paticus vel gastrepaticus, L. : an epithet 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate ves- 
 sels, or organs, which belong to, or con- 
 nect, the stomach y<r<rjj, and the liver, 
 Wg : as Artere gastro-hepatique, F., ma- 
 grnleberschlagader, G., the term whereby 
 Walter has distinguished the Coronary 
 artery of the stomach, see COROKAIRE ; 
 and 2. the yastro-hepatic omentum, jnagen- 
 lebernetz, n. G., see EPIPLOON. 
 
 GASTRO-HEPATITE, s. f., gastro-hepa- 
 titis, f. L,. : simultaneous inflammation of 
 the stomach and liver. 
 
 GASTRO-HYSTEROTOMIE, s. f., gastro- 
 hysterotomia, f. (yaa-rij^, the belly, vri-i- 
 %u,, the womb, rep*, incision), L. : in Ob- 
 stetrics, the abdominal Caesarian operation. 
 See CESARIEN. 
 
 GASTRO-INFLAMMATOIRE, adj. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Pathology, to the compli- 
 cation of gastric with inflammatory fever. 
 
 GASTRO-!NTESTINAL, adj. : an epithet 
 applied, in Pathology, to diseases, morbi 
 gastro-intestinales, L., simultaneously im- 
 plicating the stomach and bowels. 
 
 GASTRO-LARYNGITE, s. f, gastro-la- 
 ryngitis, f. L. : co-existent inflammation 
 of the stomach and larynx ; as seen in gas- 
 tritis complicated with croup and laryn- 
 geal phthisis. 
 
 GASTRO-MENINGINITE, s. f., gastro- 
 meninginitis, f. L. : inflammation of the 
 stomach and two interior membranes, see 
 MENINGINE, of the brain. Synon. with 
 Gastro-Meningite. 
 
 GASTRO-METRITE, s. f., gastro-metri- 
 tis, f., (yafrrig, the stomach, pfaqa., the 
 womb), L. : complicated inflammation of 
 the stomach and womb. 
 
 GASTRO-MUQUEUX, adj., gastro-mu- 
 cosus, L. : an epithet applied to fevers, in 
 which gastric irritation is complicated with 
 inordinate secretion of mucus. 
 
 GASTRO-NEPHRITE, s. f., gastro-ne- 
 
 phritis, f. (<ya<rrri, the stomach, vt$<ris, dis- 
 ease of the kidney), L. : a complication of 
 gastritis with nephritis. 
 
 GASTHONOMIE, s. f., gastronomia, f. 
 
 (yaa-TJj^, i/a^a;, a rule), L.., die hochere 
 kochkunst, f. G., gastronomy : a collection 
 of rules, or treatise, on the art of cookery.
 
 GASTROVOME, s. m., gastronomus,m.L., 
 a gourmand, one who loves good cheer. 
 
 CrASTRO-GEsOPHAGlTE, S. f., gastrO-CC- 
 
 sophagitis, f. L..: simultaneous inflamma- 
 tion of the stomach, ymar-rrio, a.r\Ayullet, 
 alffotfciyo; : as frequently exhibited in low 
 and putrid fevers; and, especially,in malig- 
 nant Angina, 
 
 GASTROPATHIE, s. f., gastropathia, f. 
 fsame, and *a!it>s, disease), JL., magenlei- 
 den, n., magenkrankheit, f. G., gastric or 
 stomach disease. 
 
 GASTRO-PKRICARDITE, s. f., gastro-pe- 
 ricarditis, f. L.: inflammation of the sto- 
 mach and pericardium, 
 
 GASTRO-PiiRiTONiTE, s. f., gastro-pe- 
 ritonitis, f. L.: inflammation of the stomach 
 arid peritoneum. 
 
 GASTRO-PHARYKGITE, s. f., gastro- 
 
 pharyngitis, f. L. : inflammation of the sto- 
 mach and pharynx. 
 
 GASTIIO-PHRENKIUE, adj gastro-phre- 
 nicus, L.: an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to a process ot peritoneum, ligament gas- 
 tto-phrenique, F., which descends from 
 the inferior surface of the diaphragm,, <f>gi- 
 f , to the stomach. 
 
 GASTRO-PLEURESIE, s. f., gastro-pleu- 
 ritis, f. L. : complication of gastritis with 
 pleurisy. GASTRO-PXEUMONIE, s. f. : com- 
 plication of the same with pneumonia ; 
 constituting the bilious pneumonia, of the 
 older writers. 
 
 GASTRO- PYLORI auE, adj., gastro-pylo- 
 ricus, L.., gastro-pyloric : an epithet em- 
 ployed, by some Anatomists, to designate 
 the pyloric artery, see PYLORIQ.UE. 
 
 GASTRORAPHIE, s. f., 'yxyr^appct^ia, 
 gastroraphia, f. (yatrrtip, the belly, pa.q>ii, a 
 suture), L., bauchnaht, f. G. : in Opera- 
 tive Surgery, the union, by suture, of pene- 
 trating wounds of the abdomen. 
 
 GASTRORHHAGIE, s. f., gastrorrhagia, 
 f. (same, and priyvv/ti, to burst out), L., 
 magenblutung, f.G., gastric haemorrhage; 
 exudation of blood from the internal sur- 
 face of the stomach. 
 
 GASTROSCOPIE, s. f., gastroscopia, f. 
 (yuffrn^, the belly, mo-riu, to survey), L. : 
 in Descriptive and Pathological Anatomy, 
 examination of the abdomen, die untersuch- 
 ung des unterleibes, G. 
 
 GASTROSE, s. f., gastrosis, f. L. : the 
 name of the First Family, comprehending 
 all the diseases of the stomach, in the Noso- 
 logie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 GASTRO-SPLENIQUE, adj , gastro-sple- 
 nicus, I,. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to the organs, or blood-vessels, which con- 
 nect, or are common to, the stomach and 
 spleen : as the gaslro-splenic amentum, see 
 EPIPLOON; and vasa brevia, Vaisseaux 
 gastro-spleniques, ou courts, see COURT. 
 
 GASTRO-SPLENITE, s. f., gastro-sple- 
 nitis, f. L. : in Pathology, a term whereby 
 
 286 
 
 GKA 
 
 it has been proposed to designate inter- 
 mittent gastric irritation with painful tu- 
 mefaction of the spleen. 
 
 GASTROTOJUE, s. f., gastrotomia, f. 
 (y.ff<rn%, the belly, vafrii, incision), I..., 
 bauchschnitt, m. G., gastrotomy : in O- 
 perative Surgery, 1. an incision of the ab- 
 dominal paiietes, for the extraction of a 
 foetus which has either escaped into the 
 abdominal cavity through a rupture of the 
 uterus, or has been accidentally developed 
 there ; or the removal of external or in- 
 ternal hernia, or abdominal tumour or con- 
 cretion : 2. incision of the stomach itself, 
 for the extraction of a foreign body intro- 
 duced into this viscus, through the oeso- 
 phagus. 
 
 GASTRO-URETHRITE, s. f., gastro-ure- 
 thritis, f. L., simultaneous inflammation 
 of the stomachsmdurethra. SeeURKT HRITE. 
 
 GATEAU, s.m., kuchen, m.G., a cake. 
 G. febrile, F., placenta febrilis, L. See 
 FEBRILE. 
 
 GATTILIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Vitex, L., der Keuschbaum, G.; of which 
 the common Chaste-tree, see AGNUS- 
 CASTUS, forms the only medicinal species. 
 
 GAZ, s. m., gas, G. and E. : in Chemis- 
 try, a body, the constituent molecules of 
 which have been sufficiently expanded by 
 caloric, to assume the condition of an aeri- 
 form fluid. The various gases are distin- 
 guished into the permanent and non-perma- 
 nent, permanens et non-permanens, F., 
 according as, like oxygen, hydrogen, and 
 azote, they preserve their characteristic 
 condition in all varieties of temperature ; 
 or are converted, like steam, by the ac- 
 tion of cold, into a liquid, or solid, form 
 The non-permanent gases are more correctly 
 designated vapours. GAZEIFORME, adj., 
 gasiform : exhibiting the form, or cha- 
 racters of . GAZEUX, adj gaseous: pos- 
 sessingthe qualities of or containing gas. 
 
 GAZOLITRE, s.m. : in Chemistry, a term 
 awkwardly compounded of the French gaz, 
 and the Greek x/rg, a pound, of twelve 
 ounces ; and employed to designate an in- 
 strument for determining the quantity of 
 gas contained in a given body, and the 
 pressure exercised by it. In like manner, 
 the substantiveGAzoMETRE, compounded 
 of gaz, and the Greek ftir^ov, a measure, 
 gazometrum, n. L., gasometer, G. and 
 E., is applied to an apparatus, or vessel, 
 destined to contain, or measure, volumes of 
 gas, more or less considerable. 
 
 GEANT, s. m., and adj., yiyaa, ytya.i- 
 rtulns, gigas, giganteuSjL,., riese, riesen- 
 massig, gigantisch, G., giant, gigantic : a 
 term, or epithet, employed, in Zoology and 
 Botany, to designate" organized bodies, 
 which,' like the fabled monsters of antiqui- 
 ty, or the Patagonians of modern times, 
 surpassed, or are said to surpass, in stature,
 
 GEN 
 
 the individuals of their own species ; or, 
 like the Tapirus giganteus, among Animals, 
 or Giant-Fennel, among Plants, are distin- 
 guished, by their greater size, from those of 
 the nearly -allied species or genera. 
 
 GELATINE, s. f., gelatina, f. I..., gal- 
 lerte, f. G. : in Chemistry and Dietetics, 
 a peculiar and highly nutritive substance, 
 obtained by treating with boiling water, 
 the skin of animals, and other soft parts 
 formed of cellular tissue. In popular lan- 
 guage, it is termed glue, Colle animale,F., 
 thierleim, thierischer leim, G. 
 
 GELATINEUX, adj., gelatinosus, L., 
 gallerartig, G., gelatinous : an epithet 
 employed to designate, in Zoology, certain 
 animals which, like the Alcyonidium gclati- 
 nosum, form an almost gelatinous mass ; 
 and, in Botany, plants which, like those 
 of the genus Tremella, resemble gelatine in 
 their consistence. GELATINIFORME, adj., 
 gelatiniformis, L., gelatiniform, resem- 
 bling gelatine. 
 
 GELEE, s.f., gelu, n. L., frost, G. and 
 E. : excessive cold ; the temperature at 
 which water is converted into ice : also, in 
 Chemistry, a soft, tremulous, and transpa- 
 rent substance, jus gelatum, L., gelee, 
 m. G., jell}', obtained from animal and 
 vegetable matters ; and hence distinguish- 
 ed into animal and vegetable jelly. Cy- 
 donia gelata, L., jelly of quinces. 
 
 GEMINE, adj., geminus, geminatus, bi- 
 nus, L., gepaart, gezweigt, G. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Botany, to the parts, or 
 organs, of plants, which are disposed in 
 pairs, or originate, by pairs, from the same 
 point ; as the leaves of Pinus sylrestris ; the 
 flowers of Passiflora geminiflora ; and the 
 stipules, in most cases wherein they exist. 
 
 GEMMATION, s. f., gemmatio, f. L., 
 knospern, knosperntreiben, n. G. : in Bo- 
 tany, the assemblage, or general disposi- 
 tion, of the buds of a plant : also, the peri- 
 od of their development. 
 
 GEMMIPAHE, adf-, gemmiparus (gem- 
 ma, a bud, pario, to produce), L., knosp- 
 entragend, G., gemmiparous : an epithet 
 employed to designate plants which pro- 
 duce buds, and, more especially, the Zoo- 
 phytes, which propagate by a like process. 
 
 GEMMULE, s. f., gemmula, fl L., 
 knospchen, n. G. : a term employed, by 
 Botanists, in divers significations ; by 
 the moderns, to designate the terminal bud 
 of the plumule in germinating seeds. 
 
 GENAL, adj., genalis (gena, the cheek), 
 li. : an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to 
 designate certain parts, or organs ; which, 
 like the mucous follicles, glandes genales, 
 F., disseminated through the tissue of 
 the buccal membrane, enter into the com- 
 position of the cheek. 
 
 GENCIVE, a. , gingiva, f. L., aJxsv, 
 zahnfleisch, n. G., gum : in Human 
 
 287 
 
 GEN 
 
 and Comparative Anatomy, the firm and 
 reddish tissue which, investing the alveo- 
 lar processes, envelopes, and adheres close- 
 ly to, the neck of the teeth, in most of the 
 Mammifera. GENCIVAL, adj., pertaining 
 to the gum. 
 
 GENERA Tio2r,s,f., yiviffi;, generatio,f. 
 L., zeugung,f.G.: in Physiology, the col- 
 lective name of all those vital operations 
 which have, tor their object, the produc- 
 tion of a new organized body. It compre- 
 hends, in Man and the Mammifera, con- 
 ception, pregnancy, parturition, and lac- 
 tation. 
 
 GENEREUX, adj., generous : an epithet 
 applied to wine, vinum generosum, L. ; 
 geislreicher wein, G., which contains a 
 large proportion of alcohol. 
 
 GENESIE, s. f. Syn. with GENERATION. 
 
 GENET, s. f. : a genus, in Botanv, Ge- 
 nista ( Diadelphia, decandr. ; Leguminosai), L., 
 die Geniste, G., Green-weed : compre- 
 hending, among other species, a small 
 European shrub, g. tinctoria, g. des tein- 
 turiers, F., dyei's green-weed ; the leaves 
 and dried flowers of which, are accounted 
 aperient and diuretic. 
 
 GENEVRIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Juniperus ( Dioecia, monadelph. ; Conifercej, 
 L.., der Wachholderbaum,G., Juniper ; 
 comprehending numerous species. The 
 most important of these is the common 
 Juniper, J. communis, le gen.commun.F. 
 Of its fruit, GENIEVRE, s.m., bacca Ju- 
 niperi communis, L., wachholdbeere, f. 
 G., Juniper-berry, the French and Ger- 
 mans have a Distilled Water, Aqua Stil- 
 latitia de baccis Juniperi, Ph. Gall., 
 Wachholderwasser, G. ; an Essential Oil, 
 Oleum de baccis Juniperinis, Wach- 
 holderol ; and the Germans, a Spirit, Wach- 
 holdergeist; and an Inspissated 'Juice or Hob, 
 Wachholdersaft,oder-muss. The Savin, 
 see SABINE, belongs also to this genus. 
 
 GENGIVITE, s. f., gingivitis, f. L., in- 
 flammation of the gum, see GENCIVE. 
 
 GENICULE, adj. See GENOUILLE. 
 
 GENIE, s. m. : a term, in its application 
 to diseases, nearly synon. with nature or 
 character. Thus, certain morbid affections 
 are said to assume an inflammatory or bi- 
 lious character, genie inflammatoire ou bi- 
 lieux, F. By some French authors, the 
 term, genie, in speaking of intermittents, 
 is substituted for type. 
 
 GENIEN, adj., genianus (ym<av, the 
 
 chin), L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to an eminence, Apophyse genienne, ou ge- 
 ni, F., formed by the four small tubercles 
 which exist, posteriorly, on the symphysis 
 of the chin. The term, Mastaido-genien, is, 
 also, conferred, by Chaussier, on the Di- 
 
 gastrique muscle, see DIGASTRIQUE; 
 
 from its attachments to the mastoid pro- 
 cess and the chin.
 
 GEN 
 
 GENIO-GLOSSE, s. m. and adj.: a term, 
 or epithet, employed, in Anatomy, to de- 
 signate a muscle, m. genio-glosse, F., ge- 
 nio-glossus, L., kinnzungenmuskel, kief- 
 erzunffenmuskel, G., which, with its fel- 
 low, passes from the apophyse geniennc, 
 see GENIEN, of the lower jaw, to the in- 
 ferior surface of the os hyoides and tongue. 
 
 GENIO-HYOID;EN, s, m. and adj.: in A- 
 natomy, the name of a muscle, m. genio- 
 hyoidien, F., genio-hyoideus, L., kinn- 
 zitngenbeinmuske\,G. ; which extends, with 
 its fellow, from the internal tubercles of the 
 lower jaw, see GENIE N, to the anterior 
 part of the body ot the hyoid bone. 
 
 GENIO-PHARYNGIEN, s. m. and adj. : a 
 term, or epithet, employed, by some Ana- 
 tomists, to designate a. fasciculus of muscu- 
 lar fibres ; which, passing from the lower jaw 
 to the parietes of the pharynx, constitute, 
 in fact, a portion of the Constrictor pharyn- 
 gis superior muscle. 
 
 GENITAL, adj., genitalis, L. : pertain- 
 ing to the act of generation, zur zeugung 
 gehorend, G., or its organs, organes ae- 
 nitaax, F. Under the term, parts of gene- 
 ration, parties ginitales, F., rot, ymnrtx.*., 
 genilalia, Ij., zeugungs\he\\e, G., are 
 included all those organs, male and female, 
 which contribute to the production of a 
 new being. 
 
 GiNiTo-CRURAL, adj., genito-cruralis, 
 L.. : an epithet applied, by Bichat, to a 
 branch of one of the lumbar nerves \ as dis- 
 tributed to the genital organs and thigh 
 See Sus-PuBiEN. 
 
 GfcNiTO-UaiNAiRE, adj., genito-urina- 
 lis, L.: an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 that apparatus of organs, Appareil genito- 
 urinaire, F. ; and to those passages, voies 
 genito-urinaires, F., vise genito-urinales, L., 
 which are ab'ke connected with generation 
 and the secretion and discharge of urine. 
 
 GENOU, s. m., y'ow, genu, n. L., 
 knie, n. G., knee : the popular name of the 
 joint formed by the union of the thigh and 
 leg, or femoro-tibial articulation, see FE- 
 MORAL, contemplated, only, in its anteri- 
 or region. 
 
 GENOUILLE, adj., geniculatus, L*, 
 
 eekniet, knieformig, G., geniculated, 
 
 knee-shaped: an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to two tubercles, Corps genouilles, 
 F., situated at the inferior part of each 
 optic thalamus, and divided, by a groove, 
 into an external and internal eminence : in 
 Botany, employed as the specific designa- 
 tion of plants, whose parts, or organs, like 
 the stem of Jasminum geniculatvm, thejila- 
 ments of Conferva genuftexa, and peduncles 
 of Grimmia geniculata, are bent in the figure 
 of the knee. 
 
 GENRE, s. m., genus, n. L., gattung, 
 f. G. : in Natural History, a group, or col- 
 lection, of objects which exhibit a certain 
 
 288 
 
 GEO 
 
 degree of analogy, and are connected by pe- 
 culiarities of structure, ordinarily termed 
 generic characters, Caractlret yeneriques, F. 
 Whenever any object or species, see Es- 
 PKCE, cannot be correctly referred to a 
 known genus, it is made to constitute &ge- 
 nus, of itself. In Anatomy, the term Genre, 
 is employed, by the French, as a svnonym 
 of systeme : le genre ncrvenx, Jibrcux, 
 the nervous , and the fibrous system. 
 
 GENTIANE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Gentiana ( Pentandria, digi/nia), L., der 
 Enzian, G , Gentian ; constituting the 
 type of the Natural Family of the GENT i- 
 ANEES, s. f. pi., Gentianea, L., and com- 
 prehending numerous species which grow 
 principally on the Alps, and other of the 
 more elevated European mountains. The 
 intensely bitter root of the yellow Gentian, 
 G. lutea, la grande g., F., yivriavti, 
 has long been employed, in medicine, as 
 tonic ana anthelminlic. The plant is said 
 to have derived its generic name from 
 Gentius, a king of 111 vria ; by whom, ac- 
 cording to Pliny, its virtues were first dis- 
 covered. 
 
 GENTIANINE, s. f., gentianina, f. L. : 
 a bitter and crystalline substance discover- 
 ed, by Henry and Caventou, in the root of 
 Gentiana lutea ; and probably constituting 
 the active principle of all the Gentianeae. 
 See GENTIANE. 
 
 GEOGKNIE, s. f., geogenia, geogonia, f. 
 (yv, the earth, ylyio^, to engender), L., 
 
 erdbildung, auch die lehre da von, G., 
 
 the formation of the earth, and the doctrine 
 or theory of it. GKOGENICIUE, adj., geo- 
 genicus, L., relating to geoyeny. 
 
 GEOGNOSIE, s. f., geognosia, f. (7?, 
 yvuffis, knowledge), L., geognosie, gebirgs- 
 kunde, f. G., geognosy : that blanch of 
 Natural History, which involves an exa- 
 mination, and knowledge, of all the solids 
 constituting the terrestrial globe, their struc- 
 ture, disposition, relative site, and period of 
 formation. GEOGNosTiQUE.adj geognos- 
 ticus, geognostic, pertaining to geognosy. 
 
 GfcOGRAPHIE, S. f., ytuygatpia (j/jj, the 
 
 earth, y^u, to describe), geographia, f. 
 L., geographic, erdbeschreibung, f. G., 
 geography : a description of the surface of 
 the earth. Geography may be aptly dis- 
 tinguished into Conventional or Political ; 
 Medical and Physiological; and Physical: 
 the first, as it involves, and determines, 
 the boundaries ot states and empires, prin- 
 cipally interesting to the legislator and 
 statesman ; the second, as it regards pecu- 
 liarities of soil, climate, and natural pro- 
 ductions, and the geographical distribution 
 of animals and plants, to the physician, 
 zoologist, and botanist; and the third, 
 see Malte-IJrun's Principles of Physical 
 Geography, 8vo. Edinburgh, 1834, to the 
 geologist. GEOGRAPHIQUE, adj., yay^a.-
 
 GER 
 
 fix.ii, geographisch, G., geographical, 
 
 pertaining to geography : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Conchology, to certain shells which, 
 as Conns geoyraphicus, and Venus geo'jra- 
 phica, are marked with irregular coloured 
 lines somewhat resembling the drawings 
 of a geographical chart. 
 
 GKOLOGIE, s. f., geologia, f. (yv, earth, 
 Ajy5s,adiscourse),L., geologie, erdkunde, 
 f. G., geology : that branch of Natural 
 History which treats of the exterior figure 
 of the earth, the different materials which 
 compose it, and the mode in which they 
 have been formed, and deposited in their 
 present situation. GKOLOGIQUE, adj., 
 geologicus, geologisch, geological. GE- 
 OLOGISTE, GEOLOGUE, s. m., geologist : a 
 naturalist especially occupied with the 
 study of fieolof/y. 
 
 GkoMiiiTRiE, s. f., yt&ip.iTgia (same, and 
 p.i.rgov, measure), geomer.ria, f. L., geo- 
 metrie, erdmesskunde, f. G., geometry. 
 
 GEOMiiTRIClUE, adj., ytenfitr^ixaf, g6O- 
 
 metrisch, geometrical : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Zoology, to designate, specifically, 
 certain shells which, as Chersine geometrica, 
 are marked with irregular lines simulat- 
 ing geometrical figures. 
 
 GERANIOV, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Geranium (Moniddphia,decandr.), I/., der 
 Storchschnabel, G., the Crane's-bill; con- 
 stituting the type of the Natural Family 
 of the GERANIACEES, ou GT-;RANIEES, s. f., 
 pi., Gtranincece, L., and comprehending 
 numerous species. One of these, G. robert- 
 
 ianum, herbe a Robert, F., Stinking 
 
 Crane's-bill, or Herb-robert, is medicinally 
 employed as ant i spasmodic and slightly stim- 
 ulant. The species of the Linnsean genus, 
 Geranium, yi^xvmv of the Greeks, so nam- 
 ed from an imaginary resemblance of the 
 capsule and beak of the plants composing 
 it, to the head of the crane, yigavog, have 
 been, by modern Botanists, distributed in- 
 to three genera, Erodium, Pelargonium, and 
 Geranium, and arranged in three different 
 Orders, Pentandria, Heptandria, and De- 
 candria, according to the number of sta- 
 mens, -five, seven, and ten, with which 
 they are respectively furnished. 
 
 GERCURE, s. f., j>a.ya.s, chap or fissure : 
 a term, in Pathology, synon. with FISSURE. 
 See, also, HHAGADE. 
 
 GERMANDREE, s, f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Teucrium ( Didynamia, gymnosperm. ; Labi- 
 ate),L.,-i-derGamander,G., theGerman- 
 der; comprehending numerous species, se* 
 veral of which were formerly employed in 
 medicine. A vinous decoction of T. chamcE- 
 drys, chamcedrys, F., bathengel,m. G., 
 is said to have cured the Emperor, Charles 
 V., of gout : and, in Jersey, T. seorodonia 
 is used, as a substitute for hops, in the pre- 
 paration of malt-liquor. The genus, ac- 
 cording to Pliny, derives its name from 
 
 289 
 
 GIG 
 
 Teitcer, a Trojan Prince ; by whom one oft h* 
 species was first discovered, or employed. 
 
 GERME, s. m., germen, n. L., B^aa-rn- 
 ftx, B^XO-TOS, keim, m. G., germ : the ru- 
 diment of an organized being, not yet de- 
 veloped, and still adhering to the parent. 
 In Physiology, the term, embryo, is appli- 
 ed to the fecundated germ : in Botany, em- 
 bryo and germ are perfectly synonymous. 
 GERME, adj , germinatus, L., gekeimt, 
 G. : an epithet applied to a seed which is 
 just beginning to exhibit its radicle. 
 
 GERMINATION, s. f., germinatio, f. L , 
 G)uio-r>]ffif keimen, n. G. : in Botany, the 
 act of development of the germ of plants. 
 
 GEROCOSHE, s. f., yv^oxopia., geroco- 
 mia, f. L alterspflege, f. G.: in Hygi- 
 ene, that department which has, for its ob- 
 ject, the preservation of the health of the 
 aged,- in other words, the Hygiene of 
 aged persons. 
 
 GEROFLE, s. f. See GIROFHER. 
 
 GKSIER, s. m., avium ventriculus, L., 
 fleischmagen, m. G., gizzard : in Com* 
 parative Anatomy, the proper or muscu- 
 lar stomach of birds. See ESTOMAC. 
 
 GESSE, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Lathy 
 rus (Diadelf/hia,decandr.; Leffuminos<e),l,. 
 die Platterbse,G., theTare; comprehend- 
 ing many species. Thesefcofoneof these, 
 L. sativus, \a.6evos, lag. domestique,f., 
 zahme platterbse, G., is much employed, 
 upon the continent, in the manufacture 
 of bread : while those of another, L. cice- 
 ra, g. chiche, purpurrothe platterb.,-are 
 said, when so used, to produce disease, and 
 even death. The sweet, farinaceous, and 
 edible roots or rather the tubers attached 
 to the roots of a third, L. tuberosus, 
 possess the flavour of the chestnut. 
 
 GESTATION, s. f., gestatio, f. (gesture, 
 to carry), L., schwangerschaft, trachtig- 
 keit, f. G. : in Physiology, the period dur- 
 ing which the female, who has conceived, 
 carries the foetus in her womb : hence syn. 
 
 with pregnancy, g-,os<>esse, F. : also, in 
 
 Hygiene, a kind of exercise of the body, 
 in use among the Romans, art leibesbe- 
 wegung bey den Romern, G. 
 
 GESTICULATION, s. f., gesticulatio, f. 
 L.,_geberdung, f. G. : in Pathology, the 
 action of making strange movements or 
 gestures, gestes, F., gestus, L., die ge- 
 berden, G, a phenomenon exhibited in 
 various diseases. 
 
 GIBBOSITE, s. f., gibbositas, f. Cgibbus, 
 a hunch or swelling on the back), L.., xv- 
 yu<ri<, gibbosity : in Pathology, the pro- 
 jection formed, posteriorly, by the verte- 
 bral column, in a state of curvature, a 
 frequent consequence of caries of one, or 
 more, of the bodies of the vertebrae. 
 
 GIGANTOI.OGIE, s. f., gigantologia, f. 
 (yiyai,a giant, x'oyos, a discourse), L., ries- 
 enlehre, f. G. ?, giantology, a Treating 
 V
 
 GIR 
 
 upon giants. GIGANTOSTEOLOGIE, s. f., 
 gigantosteologia, f. (same compound, with 
 the insertion of o/r-riov, a bone), L., giant- 
 osteology : a treatise upon bones supposed 
 to have belonged to men of gigantic stature. 
 Such bones have, however, invariably prov- 
 ed, on scientific inspection, to be the relics 
 of the Elephant, or of an extinct species of 
 the larger Mammifera, as the Mastodon. 
 
 GlNGEMBRE, S. HI , %iyyiGlif, Zingi- 
 
 ber, n. L., ingwer, m. G., ginger: in 
 Materia Medica and Dietetics, the dried 
 root of an East-Indian and Chinese plant, 
 Amomum zinziber, of Linnaeus, see Aaio- 
 ME, Zingiber officinale, of succeeding Bo- 
 tanists. A grateful aromatic ; and power- 
 fully stimulant, carminative, and aphrodisiac. 
 German Officinal Preparations : a Candied 
 Ginger, - Eingemachter Ingwer, and a 
 Syrup, Ingwersyrup. Ginf/er-breaA, - 
 paina n epice,Y., panis zingibere conditus, 
 L,., pfefferkuchen, G. 
 
 GINGLYME, s. m., yi'yyi.vfios, literal- 
 
 ly signifying a hinge, ginglymus, m. L., 
 f ugengelenk, G. : in Anatomy, a species 
 of diarthrodial articulation; termed also, by 
 French writers, articulation en charniere, or 
 hinge-joint, as admitting of motion in only 
 two directions ; and familiarly illustrated 
 in the structure of the elbow and the knee. 
 
 GlNGLYMOlDAL, GlNGLYMOlDE, adj., - 
 
 yryykv/Atif.ibvis, yiyyXvf&ivS'/it, ginglymodes, 
 ginglymoides, ginglymusformig, thuran- 
 gelartig, ginglymoidal, ginglymoid, re- 
 sembling a ginglymus , as Art. ginglymo'id- 
 o/e,F., a ginglymoid articulation, or hinge- 
 joint. Synon. with GINGLYFORME. r/y- 
 yXvpuros, adj., ginglymotus, L.., - con- 
 nected by a ginglymus or hinge, durch ei- 
 nem ginglymus verbunden, G. 
 
 GINSEN, ou GINSENG, s. m.: in Botany 
 and Materia Medica, the supposed root of 
 a plant, Panax quinquefolium, ( Polyandria, 
 monoec. ; Araliacete), L. ; which grows in 
 Chinese Tartary, Japan, and has since been 
 discovered in Canada. The term Gen-seng, 
 literally signifying, first of plants, appears, 
 however, to have been indiscriminately 
 applied, in China, to the roots of species of 
 several other genera, in addition to those 
 of Panax. See Dictionnaire Universe! de 
 Matiere Medicale, v. Hi., Art. Gen-seng. 
 The root of P. quinquefolium is moderately 
 stimulant and tonic ; but has not sustained, 
 in European practice, the extravagant re- 
 putation, as an aphrodisiac, and panacea, 
 conferred upon it, in numerous mono- 
 graphs, by the Chinese physicians : and has, 
 at length, fallen into merited neglect. 
 
 Gi RAFE, s. f. : a genus, in Zoology, Came- 
 topardalis (Mamrmfera, Ruminantia, Cuv.), 
 Jj. It contains only one species, C. gi- 
 rafa, -kameelpardel, m. G., the cameleo- 
 pard, an African animal, of extraordinary 
 figure and gigantic size. Flesh edible. 
 290 
 
 GLA 
 
 GIROFLIEH, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Caryojihyllus ( Icosandria, monoyyn.; Myr- 
 tace<e),i,., derGewurznageleinbamn, G., 
 Clove-Tree ; of which one species only 
 is, at present, known. The undeveloped 
 flower of C. aromaticus, a native of the Mo- 
 lucca island?, constitutes the spice, named 
 Clove, Clou de Gerqfle ou Girqflc, F., ge- 
 wurznelke, f. G., which yields, on distil- 
 lation, a powerfully stimulant Essential Oil, 
 Oleum Caryophyllorum aromaticorum, 
 Ph. Gall., Gewurznelkenol, G. ; useful, 
 as an internal remedy, in nervous torpor 
 and debility, and, as a topical application, 
 in Odontalgia from caries. The Germans 
 have, moreover, an Officinal Tincture of 
 the Clove, Gewurznelkentinctur. 
 
 GITHAGE, s. f. : the designation of a spe- 
 cies, in Botany, belonging to the genus, 
 Ayrostemmal, la Nielle,F. Theseerfsof the 
 
 corn-cockle, A. githago, when ground 
 
 down with the cereal grains, render the 
 bread, made from them, black and bitter. 
 
 GIVRE, s. m., #%*}!, pruina, f. L.., 
 rauhreif, m. G., hoar-frost : in Meteoro- 
 logy, ice in fioceuli; covering bodies dur- 
 ing the intense cold of winter ; and caus- 
 ed, partly, by congelation of the dew $ 
 partly, by precipitation of frozen atoms 
 from the atmosphere. 
 
 GLABELLE, s. f., glabella, f., intercili- 
 um, n. L., pt/ratp^vov : the space between 
 the eye-brows ; so termed because ordina- 
 rily bare, or destitute of hairs, glabellus, L., 
 GLABRE, adj., kahl, unbehaart, abge- 
 haart, G. : an epithet, moreover, applied 
 to animals and plants, so circumstanced ; as 
 is GLABRIUSCULE, adj., glabriusculus, 
 fastkahl, to objects, or parts of objects, 
 in Zoology and Botany, well-nigh hairless, 
 or invested with an almost invisible down. 
 
 GLACE, s. f., glacies, f. L., xtWaXAj r 
 xgvfta;, eis, n. G., ice : in Physics, wa- 
 ter rendered solid by depression of its tem- 
 perature to 32. of Fahrenheit's thermo- 
 meter, the zero of the Centigrade and 
 Reaumerian scales. It is topically appli- 
 ed, and, sometimes, internally prescribed, 
 in medicine. GLACIAL, adj., glacialis, 
 x.pvpu\ios, eisicht, eiskalt, glacial, icy : 
 an epithet applied, in Geography, to those 
 regions, zones glaciales, F., which extend 
 from the poles to the polar circles : in Zo- 
 ology, employed to designate those animals 
 which, as BaUcna glacialis, Procellaria geli- 
 da, and Buccinum glaciale, inhabit the wa- 
 ters, or shores, of ihe frozen ocean : in Bo- 
 tany, plants which, as Artemisia and 
 
 Ranunculus glacialis, and Lichen gelidus, 
 vegetate amidst the glaciers and eternal 
 snows of mountainous or arctic regions. 
 
 GLACIER, s. m., gletscher, eisberg, m. 
 G. : an enormous mass of indurated snow 
 and ice, filling up the valleys, and cover- 
 ing the flanks and summits of the more
 
 GLA 
 
 elevated mountains, in Alpine districts. 
 GLACIERE, s. f'., crymotheca, fl L., eis- 
 grube, f. G., an ice-house. 
 
 GLADIE, adj. Syn. with ENSIFORME. 
 
 GLAIRE, s. f. : the vulgar designation, 
 1. in Pathology, of the viscous and ropy 
 fluid, mucus viscosus, L., schleim, G., 
 secreted by an inflamed mucous mem- 
 brane : 2. in Zoology, of the spawn of 
 frogs and fishes, Gl. ties grenouilles et des 
 poissons,F., ovaranarum vel piscium, L., 
 der frosch- oder fisch/eicA, G. : 3. in 
 Chemistry, of the white of egg, blanc 
 ffieuf, ovi albumen, das weisse vom ey. 
 GLAiREUx,adj., mucosus, schleimig, 
 glairj'. 
 
 GLAND, s. m., glans, balanus, m. L., - 
 /SaXavas, eichel, f. G., acorn : in Bota- 
 ny, the designation, gl. de chfne, F., of 
 the fruit of the Quercus genus, and, more 
 especially, of Q. robur. Gl. doux: of the 
 fruit of Q. bnllotu : de terre, of the tu- 
 bers of Lathyrus tuberosns, and, sometimes, 
 of those of the earth-nut, Itanium bulbocas- 
 tantim. de mer: in Conchology, the vul- 
 gar name of the acorn-shell, Balanus, see 
 BAI.ANE. In Anatomy, the bulbous ex- 
 tremities of the male organ and clitoris, 
 are, from an imaginary resemblance to the 
 acorn, respectively designated, Gland de la 
 verge, F., glans penis, L., die eichel der 
 ruthe, G. ; and ///. du- clitoris* F., glans 
 ciitoridis, L. GLANDAIRE, adj. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Zoology, to animals which, 
 like the Jay, Corvus glandarius, feed 
 principally upon acorns. 
 
 GLANDE, s. f., glandula, f. L., a.lw, 
 druse, f. G., gland : a term improperly 
 employed, by the older Anatomists, to de- 
 signate numerous organs, generally exhi- 
 biting a flaccid tissue and somewhat glo- 
 bular figure ; but varying widely in struc- 
 ture ana function. Of this nature, are 1. 
 the several organs by which fluids are se- 
 creted from the blood ; and which, consis- 
 ting, like the pancreas and parotids, of nu- 
 merous lobules connected by common ves- 
 sels, are termed conglomerate glands: 2. the 
 reddish spongy bodies, conglobate glands, 
 which exist in the course of the differ- 
 ent lymphatic vessels : and 3. divers other 
 organs, the intimate texture and uses of 
 which are unknown ; as the pineal, pitui- 
 tary, and thyroid glands, the glands of Pac- 
 chioni, and renal capsules, see PINEAL, 
 PITUITAIRE, THYHOIDE, et SUR-RENAL. 
 The term, gland, is now, however, restrict- 
 ed, by Chaussier, to certain lobuiated or- 
 gans, composed of blood-vessels, nerves, 
 and a peculiar tissnie. These are the lac- 
 rymal glartds.-; the salivary, les solii-aires, 
 F., die soeichelrfru*2, G., comprehend- 
 ing the parotid, sublingual, and maxillary 
 glands ; the mammary ; the testicles; o- 
 varies ; liver ; pancreas, and kidneys. See 
 
 291 
 
 GLA 
 
 Mueller, De Glandularum Seeementium 
 Structura Penitiori, etc., fol., Lipsise, 1830. 
 Glande de Harder,^. glandula Harden,!*, 
 Hardersche druse, G. : a secretory organ, 
 situated in the internal angle of the eye 
 of divers Mammifera and Birds, and pour- 
 ing out its fluid by an orifice which opens 
 on the margin of the nictitating membrane. 
 
 innominte : a term applied, by some A- 
 natomists, to the lacrymal glana. Glandet 
 de Brunner,^-gla.ndultB Brunneri, L. : mi- 
 nute mucous follicles, situated between 
 the mucous and muscular coats, along the 
 greater curvature, of the stomach. de 
 Cowper, glandula Cowperi, L., die Cow- 
 perschen drusen, G., see ACCESSOIHE. . 
 de Havers,-^~glandtihe Haversii, L.., secre- 
 tory fimbrise which float in the interior of 
 the synovial capsules, and are apparently 
 destined to pour out the synovial fluid. 
 
 de Littre, glandules Littrii, L. : sebace- 
 ous follicles, dispersed about the corona of 
 the glans penis. de Meilom, glandu- 
 le Meibomii,L., Maibomische driisen,G. : 
 glandular bodies imbedded in the substance 
 of the free borders of the eye-lids. de 
 Pacchioni, glandula Paectiioni, L,., Pa- 
 chionische drusen, G. : minute whitish or 
 yellowish bodies^ which, isolated or dispos- 
 ed in clusters, exist on several points of 
 the pia and dura mater, especially in the 
 superior longitudinal sinus : their struc- 
 ture and functions unknown. de Pey- 
 er, glandula' Peyeri, L. : follicles dispers- 
 ed, in great numbers, over the small in- 
 testine. For an account of other organs, 
 improperly designated glands and not in- 
 cluded in the preceding notice, see AMYG- 
 
 DALE, ARYTENOIDIEN, CERUMEN, LABI- 
 AL, MOLAIRE, SYNOVIAL. The buccal 
 glands, gl. buecales, F., are mucous folli- 
 cles situated in the substance of the cheek. 
 They secrete a viscous fluid which, mingl- 
 ing with the saliva, lubricates the mouth. 
 
 In Pathology, the term, gland, is, some- 
 times, applied to tumours formed by en- 
 largement of the lymphatic ganglia; aa 
 frequently exhibited in scrofulous affec- 
 tions. 
 
 In Botany, indiscriminately employed 
 to designate tubercles, of every kind, mi- 
 nute scales, and even spots ; but, more es- 
 pecially, those oval or rounded organs 
 which secrete the fluids peculiar to differ- 
 ent species of plants. Their nature and 
 functions have been well illustrated by 
 Grew and Malpighi, See the Anatomy of 
 Plants, fol., 1682, and Ana tome Plantarum, 
 fol., Londini, 1675. Smith, Grammar of 
 Botany, p. 13, defines them as " small tu- 
 mours discharging a fluid either oily, resi- 
 nous, or saccharine." They are distin- 
 guished by different, epithets, according to 
 the peculiarities of form and structure 
 which they respectively exhibit. 
 
 V2
 
 OLE 
 
 , adj., glandiferus, L., 
 eicheln tragend, G., glandiferous, acorn- 
 bearing. GLANDIFORME. adj., glandifor- 
 mis, Li., eichelf b'rmig, G., glandiform : 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to parts of 
 plants which, as the fruit of Areca glandi- 
 formis, exhibit the figure of an acorn : in 
 Anatomy, by Chaussier, to the bodies, 
 ganglions glandiformcs, F., termed, by the 
 Ancients, anomalous glands, and the uses 
 of which are yet unknown; as theThymus, 
 Thyroid, and the Renal capsules. 
 
 GLANDULAIRE, GLANDULEUX, adj., 
 glandularis, glandulosus, L., driisig, G., 
 glandular, glandulous : exhibiting the 
 aspect, form, or structure, of a gland : E.v. 
 Corps (jlandulcux, tissu glanduleux, secretion 
 (llandulaire, F., a glandular body, tissue, 
 or secretion. Applied, in Pathology, to a 
 morbid affection implicating the glandular 
 system : Maladie glandulaire ties Barbades, 
 F., the Elephantiasis of the Arabs. 
 
 GLAUCOME, s. f., -y^avxufta, glauco- 
 ma, n. L., glaukom, n., der grune staar, 
 G. : a term synon., in ancient Pathology, 
 with CATARACTE ; but employed, by the 
 moderns, to designate a peculiar opacity 
 of the vitreous humour, with morbid alte- 
 ration of the retina ; characterized by loss 
 of vision ; the appearance of a bluixh or 
 greenish speck (yXauxu,-, blue or sea-green), 
 existing more posteriorly than that which 
 announces cataract; severe cephalic pains; 
 and induration, and diminution of volume, 
 of the eye-ball. Generally incurable. 
 Glaucomatodes, Glaucoma tosus, adj., L.., 
 glaucomartig, glaucomatisch, G., glauco- 
 matoid, glaucomatous, resembling glauco- 
 ma, dem glaukom ahnlich, G. rxauxair/s, 
 s. f., glaucosis, f. L. : according to Greek 
 writers, the bluish, or greenish, colour of 
 the eye, resulting from glaucoma ; to 
 Kraus* the formation, or origin, of glauco- 
 ma, die bildung, oder das entstehen, des 
 glaukoms, G. See Middlemore, Diseases of 
 the Eye (vol. ii., p. 2). London, 1835. 
 
 GLAUQUE, adj., -yXavxvs, glaucus, L., 
 blaugrun, meergrun, G., glaucous : an 
 epithet employed, in Zoology and Botany, 
 to designate certain animals, and plants or 
 organs of plants, which, like the Carcharias 
 glnucus; the Chelidonium glaucium Glauci- 
 um luteum,of British Botanists; and the in- 
 ferior surface of the leaves of Rubus, are 
 of a bluish or sea-green colour. A glaucous 
 powder, resembling wax, invests the sur- 
 face of divers fruits, as the plum ; and is 
 supposed to preserve them from the ef- 
 fects of atmospheric humidity. 
 
 GLENE, s. f., yX?n), glene, f. L. : a 
 shallow cavity, eine flache vertiefung, f. 
 G. GLENOIDAL, GL^NOIDE, adj., glenoi- 
 dalis,glenoides(yxiv), iT?*, resemblance), 
 L., glenoidal, glenoid : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, to every shallow articular 
 
 292 
 
 GIX) 
 
 cavity, flache gelenkgrube, G., which 
 
 receives the head, or condyle, of another 
 bone ; as 1. the gh-noid cavity of the sca- 
 pula, la cacite ou fosse gleno'idale du scapu- 
 Inm, F., cavitas glenoidalis scapulae, L. ; 
 and 2. that of the temporal bone, gelenk- 
 grube; which, lodging the condyle of the 
 lower jaw, is termed, in German, gelenk- 
 grube des unterkiefers. Fente,fissure, scis- 
 sure gleno'idale : French synonyms of Fis- 
 sura Glaseri. 
 
 GLENOIDIEW, adj., glenoideus, L., 
 belonging, or relating, to a glenoid cavity : 
 Ligament gltno'idien, F., a fibro-cartilagi- 
 nous rim, surrounding, and increasing the 
 depth of, the glenoid cavity of the scapula ; 
 and apparently formed by an expansion of 
 the long head of the tendon of the Biceps 
 flexor cubiti muscle. 
 
 GLIADINE, s. f., gliadina, gliodina, vel 
 glceodina, f. (yAi', glue), L., -gliodine, o- 
 der gloodine, f. G. : in Chemistry, accord- 
 ing to Taddei, one of the two component 
 principles of gluten ; which imparts to the 
 latter, its elastic properties, and is sepa- 
 rable from it by means of alcohol and e- 
 ther. It may be obtained, by a very simple 
 process, from peas, lentils, and beans. It 
 constitutes a more unerring test, than ge- 
 latine, of the presence of tannin; and, like 
 gluten itself, is an excellent antidote for 
 the poison ofthe mercurial salts. 
 
 GLOBE, s. m. : a term applied, 1., in A- 
 natomy, to the ei/e-ball, Gl. de Fcetf, F., 
 globus vel bulbusoculi, L., augenapfel,m. 
 G., on account of its globular figure : 2. 
 in Pathology, to a morbid sensation, gl. 
 hystirique, F., globus hystericus, L., ex- 
 perienced by hysterical perrons, of nalobu- 
 lar body ascending from the abdomen to 
 the larynx, and menacing suffocation : 3. 
 in Obstetrics, to the globular tumour, gl. 
 uterine, F., formed by the uncontracted 
 uterus, in the lower part of the abdomen, 
 immediately after parturition : 4. in Me- 
 teorology, to the ball of fire, gl. de feu, 
 F. ; which, suddenly developed in the 
 more elevated regions of the atmosphere, 
 exhibits, on disappearing,a luminous train, 
 of some moments' duration. 
 
 GLOBULAIRE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Globularia, ( Tetrandria, monogyn.), L., 
 die Kugelblume, G., Madwort ; consti- 
 tuting trie type.and only genus,yetknown, 
 of the Family of the GLoautARikEs, s. 
 f. pi., Globularince, L. ; and comprehend- 
 ing several species characterized by the 
 globular or spherical figure of their flower. 
 The G. vulgaris, gl. commune, F., which 
 grows on the calcareous mountains of Eu- 
 rope, is bitter ; and regarded as vulnerary 
 and detersive ; and the leaves of G. alypum, 
 g. turbith, possess cathartic properties. 
 
 GLOBULE, s.m., globulus, m. I,.., <rifa<- 
 /$/av, knopfchen, kiigelchen, n. G., lite-
 
 GLO 
 
 rally, a minute globe or sphere : a term ap- 
 plied, in Pharmacy, to minute portions of 
 quicksilver, when separated by trituration 
 with an adhesive or unctuous substance : 
 terantur simul donee globuli visum fuge- 
 rint, L. : in Botany, 1. to minute spherical 
 bodies ordinarily situated, as in Viburnum 
 opuhis, on the stem or pedicles of a plant ; 
 and, although performing no secretory 
 function, arranged among the glands: 2. 
 to a capsule of the lichens^ constituting, as 
 in Isidion, a minute ball, half-buried in the 
 extremity of the pedicle, and leaving ex- 
 posed, on its fall, the hollow previously 
 containing it : 3., by Necker, to the glo- 
 bular capsule of the Jungermaniee. GLOBU- 
 LE ux, adj., globosus, globulosus, L., 
 <r<p<ztixo;, Ttpaigaidvi;, geballt, kugelig, ku- 
 gelrund, G., globular, spherical: an epi- 
 thet employed, in Botany, to, specifically, 
 designate plants whose parts or organs, as 
 the corolla of TernstreKiniaglobifvra^&nA. the 
 glumes of Airopsis globosa ; and in Zoolo- 
 gy, animals which, as Ci/clas ytobus, a- 
 mong shells, exhibit a spherical figure. 
 
 GLOSSE, s. f., yXaW, glossa, f. L.: a 
 term applied, in Zoology, to the tongue, 
 zunge, f. G., of hymenopterous and dip- 
 terous Insects. 
 
 GLOSSALGIE,S.f., gloSSalgia, f. (yXaWa, 
 
 the tongue, aXyf, pain), L., zungen- 
 
 schmerz, m. G., pain in the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSANTHRAX, s. m,, n. (same, and 
 v^a|, carbuncle), L., zungenbrand, zun- 
 
 gencarfunkel, m. G., carbuncle of the 
 
 tongue: a pathological condition, rarely idi- 
 opathic in man^ but common in some spe- 
 cies of domestic animals. GLOSSITE, s. , 
 glossitis, f. L., zungenentzundung, f. 
 G., inflammation of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSIEN, adj., glossianus, L., be- 
 longing to the tongue: Muscle glosskn, F. 
 See LINGUAL. 
 
 GLOSSOCATOCHE, s. m., y}.affffaxa.ro%o, 
 glossocatochus, m. L., zungenhalter, 
 m. G. : an instrument employed, by the 
 older Surgeons, to depress the tongue in ex- 
 amination of the fauces, the speculum 
 oris, of modern Surgery. 
 
 GLOSSOCELE, s. f,, glossocele, f. (yx<r- 
 fu, the tongue, xrlx, an hernial swelling), 
 L., zungenbruch, m. G., hernia of the 
 tongue : protrusion of the organ from the 
 mouth, in consequence of inflammation, 
 chronic congestion of its tissue, or paralys- 
 is of some of its fibres. Kraus proposes to 
 substitute for this, the term, Glossopfosis, 
 (GLOSSOPTOSE, s. f. ?), prolapsus linguae, 
 L., zungenvorfall, m. G. 
 
 GLOSSO-EFIGLOTTIQ.UE, adj., glosso- 
 epiglotticus, L. : an epithet employed to 
 designate certain muscular fibres, the 
 glosso-epiglottic muscles, die zungenkehl- 
 deckelmuskeln, G., of some Anatomists, 
 Retractores epiglottidis, of Santorini ; which 
 
 293 
 
 GLO 
 
 pass from the tongue to the epiglottis. Thej 
 are more distinctly marked in divers of the 
 lower Mammifera than in Man; and ap- 
 parently serve to elevate, and retract, the 
 epiglottis from the rima glottidis. 
 
 GLOSSOGRAPHIE, s. f., glossographia, f. 
 (y\ia<r<ra, the tongue, -y^atfu, to describe),L., 
 glossography : an anatomical description 
 of the tongue. 
 
 GLOSSO-HYAL, adj.: an epithet applied, 
 by GeofFroy-St.-Hilaire, to the posterior 
 or thyroideal cornua of the hyoid bone. 
 
 GLOSSOLOGIE, s. f., glossologia, f. (y\a<r- 
 ffa, the tongue, Xayaj, a discourse),L. glos- 
 sology : a Treatise on, or the Doctrine of, 
 the tongue, die lehre von der zunge, G. 
 
 GLOSSO-PALATIX, adj., glosso-palati- 
 
 nus, L. Synon. with GLOSSO-STAPHYLIN. 
 
 GLOsso-PHARYNGiEN,adj., glosso-pha- 
 ryngeus, L. : an epithet applied, by some 
 Anatomists, to certain muscular fasciculi 
 which pass from the sides of the base of the 
 tongue, yXaWa, to the parietes of the 
 pharynx, <pj vy% , and constitute, in fact, 
 part of the Constrictores pharyngis superio- 
 res. They are, by such Anatomists, term- 
 ed musculi glosso-phari/ngei. An important 
 nerve, given off by the Pneumo-gastric, is 
 also termed theglosso-pharyngeal, zungen- 
 schlundnerve, G.; as principally distribut- 
 ed on the tongue and pharynx. 
 
 GLOSSO-STAPHYLIN, adj. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to a long and slender 
 muscle, M. glosso-staphylin ou glosso-pala- 
 tin, F., musculus glosso-staphylinus, vel 
 Constrictor isthmifaucium, L., der zungen- 
 z'dpfchenmuskel, G.; which, situated in the 
 anterior pillar of the fauces, extends from 
 the base of the tongue to the middle of the 
 velum pendulum palati. 
 
 GLOSSOTOMIE, a. , glossotomia, f. 
 
 (yXutrao., tongue, ropy, dissection, incision), 
 L., glossotomy : in Anatomy, dissection 
 , in Surgery, excision, of the tongue. The 
 newly -constructed feminine Latin substan- 
 tives, Glossoplegia, Glosftorrhagia, and Glos- 
 soscopia, compounds of the Greek, yXaWa 
 with 5rA.yj, pwyvvftt, and <rx.(u<xtia, are em- 
 ployed by Kraus, Medicinisches Lexikon, 
 p. 371, to, respectively, designate para- 
 lysis, hemorrhage, and inspection, of the 
 tongue, zungenlahmung, blutung aus , 
 und die untersuchung der zunge, G. 
 They may be made French, by conversion 
 of the final a into e ; German, by the pre- 
 fix, with such conversion, of the feminine 
 article, die. 
 
 GLOTTE, s. f., yX&rr/f, glottis, f. L., 
 stimmritze, luftrohrenspalte, f. G. : in 
 Anatomy, an oblong orifice, wider poste- 
 riorly than before ; measuring ten or ele- 
 ven lines in the adult male ; smaller in 
 the female and child ; situated on the sum- 
 mit of the larynx, between the chordae vo- 
 cales ; and forming the aperture of com-
 
 GLU 
 
 munication of the larynx and trachea with 
 the buccal cavity. GLOTTITE, s. f., glot- 
 titis, f. L., inflammation of the glottis. 
 
 GLOUTERON, s. m. : the vulgar designa- 
 tion of Arctium lappa. See BARDANE. 
 
 GLUCYNE, s. f., glycina, f. L., gly- 
 kine, siisserde, heryllerde, f. G., glucine : 
 a metallic oxide; the admitted base of 
 which, it is proposed to name GLYCINIUM, 
 s. m., glycinum, n. L., glyken, n. G. 
 Glucine derives its designation from the 
 sweet (yAt/xwf) flavour of the salts which it 
 forms in various combinations. Its pro- 
 perties are supposed to resemble those of 
 illumine. It has been discovered in the 
 French mineral waters of Antiveilles. 
 
 GLTTME, s. , gluma, f. L., balg, spelz, 
 m. G. : in Botany, a term, of vague signi- 
 fication, employed, by Linnaeus, to desig- 
 nate the involucre which exists at the base 
 of the spike in the Gramineee ; and, after- 
 wards, extended by him, to all the enve- 
 lopes of the flowers of those plants. The 
 more external of them, he termed the ca- 
 
 lycine, gl. callcinale, F., blumenhalz, 
 
 blumenspelze : applying the designation, 
 valves, klappe, G., to the pieces of 
 which they are constructed. An almost 
 inextricable confusion has been subsequent- 
 ly introduced, by botanical writers, respect- 
 ing the application of these terms. GLC- 
 anS, adj., glumatus, L. : an epithet at- 
 tached, by Mirbel, to flowers whose sexual 
 organs, like those of the Gramineee, are fur- 
 nished with a glume. GLUMELLE, s. f., 
 glumella, f. L., a little glume. 
 
 GLUTEN, s. m., n. L., and E., xxxa, 
 kleber, n. G. : an immediate principle of 
 vegetables, the peculiar substance which 
 remains after the farina of wheat has been 
 exhausted of its starch ; so named, on ac- 
 count of its glutinous properties. Taddei 
 regards it as composed of two distinct prin- 
 ciples, one soluble in alcohol, see GLI- 
 ADINE; the other insoluble, seeZiMOME: 
 and indicates it as an antidote to the poi- 
 sonous effects of Oxymuriate of Quicksil- 
 ver; alike preferable, from its chemical 
 and physical operation, to the albumen 
 proposed by Orfila. Four scruples of an 
 ** emulsive powder of gluten" are sufficient 
 to neutralize twelve grains of the deuto- 
 chloride. He, also, eulogizes a compound 
 glutinous mercurial preparation as the best 
 antisyphilitic : for the sublimate, although 
 thus reduced to the condition of a proto- 
 chloride, still retains so m uch of the proper- 
 ties of the deuto-chloride, as rarely to in- 
 duce salivation or diarrhoea. 
 
 GLUTINE, s. f., glutina, f. L. : the de- 
 signation proposed by Soubeiran, for vege- 
 table albumen , as distinguished, by the re- 
 searches of Einhof, from gluten. 
 
 GLTTTINETJX, adj., glutinosus, L., 
 XA.S)f,_klebrig, G., glutinous: an e- 
 394 
 
 GNA 
 
 pithet employed, in Zoology, as the spe- 
 cific designation of animals whose bodies, 
 like that of Myxine glutinosa, secrete an a- 
 bundant mucus: in Botany, of plants, 
 which, like Nicotiana glutinosa, are covered 
 with an adhesive exudation. The pileus of 
 Agaricus mucidus is so circumstanced ; and 
 the flowers ofSlaavia glutinosa, are connect- 
 ed by a glutinous fluid. 
 
 GLYCERINE, s. f., glycerina, f. (yXt/xu;, 
 sweet), L., olzucker, m. G. : the desig- 
 nation of the sweet principle of the various 
 oils, a substance discovered by Scheele. 
 
 GL YCYRRHIZA, s. f. F. et L. : a genus, in 
 Botany, (Diadelphia,decandr. ; Leguminosce), 
 so designated from the sweet, y^uxvs, 
 flavour of the root, p%a, of the plants 
 which compose it, das Siissholz, G., Li- 
 quorice. The leaves of one of the species, 
 G. aspera vel asperrima, are employed, 
 by the Calmucks, as a substitute for tea. 
 The root of another, G. echinata, resem- 
 bles, but is inferior in its properties to, 
 that of the common liquorice, G. glabra, 
 -y^uxuppi^a, la reglisse, F., das gemeine 
 sussholz, G., Liquoritia vulgaris, of mo- 
 dern Botanists; which root, siissholzwur- 
 zel, yields the well-known Extract, Ex- 
 tractum Glycyrrhizse, vel Succus Liquori- 
 tiae inspissatus, L., Jus ou Sue de reglisse, 
 F., Siissholzwurzelsaft, oder Lakrizen- 
 saf t, G. Of this, the Germans have an Of- 
 ficinal Syrup, Siissholzwurzelsyrup. In 
 addition to the peculiar saccharine sub- 
 stance, GLYCYRRHIZINE, s. f., glycyrrhi- 
 zina, f. L., sussholzzucker, m. G., dis- 
 covered, by Robiquet, in the root of G. gla- 
 bra, chemical analysis proves it to be 
 composed of ageodite, starch, albumen, 
 phosphate of lime, and the malates oflirne 
 and magnesia. Glycyrrhizin has, subse- 
 quently, been detected in Sarcocolle, the 
 roo/sufAbrusprecatorius, Trifolium alpinum, 
 and divers other especially leguminous 
 plants. Properties, simply soothing and de- 
 mulcent. Vhvzvppi^irrts oito;, wine sweeten- 
 ed with liquorice. 
 
 GXATHITE, s. f., gnathitis, f. L. : in- 
 flammation of the cheek or ja:i; yvciSss. 
 
 GxATHOckpHALE, s. m., gnatliocepha- 
 lus, m. (yvattis, Kiif>a^>i, the head), L. : a 
 term applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to 
 monsters which have no head visible exter- 
 nally ; but exhibit voluminous jaws. 
 
 GNATHOPLEGIE, s. f!, gnathoplegia, f. 
 (same, and a-xy, a stroke), L. : paralysis 
 of the cheek. 
 
 GNATHORRHAGIE, s. f., gnathorrhagia, 
 f. (same, and pvyw/ti, to burst forth), L. : 
 in Pathology, hemorrhage from the inter- 
 nal surface of the cheeks, eine blutung 
 aus der innern flache der wangen, G. 
 GNATHOSPASME, s. m., gnathospasmus, 
 m. L. : a spasmodic contraction of the mus- 
 cles of the lower jaw.
 
 GOM 
 
 GOBELET, s. m., vrorri^ a goblet, or 
 drinking-cup. G. emetique, F., poculum 
 emeticum, L,., brechbecher, tn. G. : a cup 
 made of fused antimony, to contain wine ; 
 which, from oxidation of the metal by the 
 atmosphere, acquires, after a time, an e- 
 metic property ; and was formerly era- 
 
 Sloyed to provoke vomiting. The reme- 
 y," how ever, fiom the obvious uncertain- 
 ty of the dose of the antimony thus admi- 
 nistered, has fallen into disuse. 
 
 GODRONNE, adj. : an epithet applied, by 
 Petit, to the minute semi-circular canal, 
 which the hyaloid membrane forms around 
 the crystalline, see HYALOIDE ; in con- 
 sequence ofthe plaits or folds, godrons, F., 
 which it exhibits. 
 
 GOETHIEN, adj., goethianus, L. : an 
 epithet, in .Zoology, applied, by Fischer, 
 to the inter-parietal bone ; as discovered by 
 Goethe, in the crania of certain Rodtntia. 
 
 GOITRE, s. m. : in Pathology, an indo- 
 lent tumour of the thyroid gland, see 
 BRONCHOCELE : in Zoology, the cutaneous 
 swelling, consequent upon the introduc- 
 tion of air into the membranous sac which 
 exists in the neck of certain Saurian Rep- 
 tiles, as the Iguana GOITREUX, adj., 
 krb'pfig, G., affected with bronchocele. 
 
 GOLFE, s. m., xA.5Taj, sinus, m. L.., 
 a gulf. G. df la veinejugulaire, F. : a dila- 
 tation formed by the internal jugular vein 
 at the point, foramen lacerum in basi cra- 
 nii, where it receives the inferior extre- 
 mity of the lateral sinus ofthe dura mater. 
 
 GOMJHE, s. f., xofi.pi, gummi, n. L., 
 and G., gum: in Chemistry and Materia 
 Medica, an immediate principle of vegeta- 
 bles ; which exsudes from several species 
 of Acacia or Mimosa, Astragalus, and Pru- 
 nus. It contains no azote ; is insoluble in 
 alcohol; forms a mucilage with water; and 
 is insusceptible of the vinous fermentation. 
 It yields mucic on treatment with nitric 
 acid. The gums, of which there are di- 
 vers kinds, possess soothing, emollient, and 
 laxative properties ; and hence, see ACA- 
 CIA, and ADRAGANT, are medicinally em- 
 ployed in pulmonary affections, and intes- 
 tinal irritation. G. du pays, F., gummi 
 nostras, L. See ACACIA. de Cerisier, 
 the gum obtained from the cherry-tree. 
 
 In French Pathology, the term, gomme, 
 is, also, applied to an elastic tumour ordina- 
 rily resulting from an old syphilitic taint, 
 and occupying, especially, the cranial and 
 sternal regions. 
 
 GoMME-ltEsiNE, s. f., gummi-resuia, 
 L., gummiharz, m. G.: in Chemistry 
 and Materia Medica, a substance resulting 
 from desiccation, through exposure to the 
 atmosphere, of the milky fluid obtained by 
 incision ofthe roots, stems, and branches, of 
 certain plants. The gum-resins are compos- 
 ed of divers vegetable principles, and inva- 
 
 295 
 
 GON 
 
 riably gum and resin ; besides which they 
 contain an azotic principle. They are part- 
 ly soluble in alcohol; partly, in water. 
 With the latter, they form a sort of emul- 
 sion. The alcoholic solution is decompos- 
 ed by water, which precipitates the resin. 
 They are soluble, by heat, in solutions of 
 potass and soda ; and in the weaker acids, 
 especially the acetic. The sulphuric acid, 
 in dissolving them, at first carbonizes, and, 
 afterwards, converts them into artificial 
 tannin. The principal gum-resins are Am- 
 moniacum, Assafetida, Bdellium, Euphor- 
 bium,Galbanum, Gamboge, see GUTTI- 
 ER,-Myrrh,Olibanum,Opoponax,Sagape- 
 num, and Scammony. The fetid kinds o- 
 perate, as sedatives, upon the nervous sys- 
 tem ; and as excitants of the mucous mem- 
 branes. Others are stimulant: some of 
 them violently cathartic. 
 
 GOMPHIASIS, s. f., F., et L. : a term, hi 
 Pathology, borrowed from the Greek, yop.- 
 tf'iKffis, which was employed, by Dioscorides, 
 to designate disease, pain, zahnschmerz, 
 m. G., or loosening,of the teeth, and, more 
 especially, of the grinders, y'opQioi. 
 
 GOMPHOSE, s. f., yoftQuffis, gompho- 
 sis, inclavatio, f. L., einkeilung, T. G. : in 
 Anatomy, an immoveablearticulation,vi\\eie- 
 in one bone is received into the cavity of 
 another, as a wooden peg, or nail, y'opQoi, 
 into its orifice: exclusively illustrated 
 by the mode of insertion of the teeth into 
 the jaw-bones. 
 
 GONACRASIE, s. f., gonacratia, f. (yv, 
 the semen, a*/a,weakness, want of pow- 
 er), L., samenfluss, m., das unvermogen 
 den samen zu halten, G. Syn. with SPERM- 
 
 ACRA8IE. 
 
 GONAGRE, s. f., gonagra, more cor- 
 rectly gonyagra, f. (yaw, the knee, &yga, 
 seizure), L., kniegicht, f. G., gout in the 
 knee. GONALGIE, s. , gonalgia, gonyal- 
 gia,f.(siwe, and aXyaj, pain), knieschmerz, 
 m. G., pain in the knee. 
 
 GONDOLE, s. f. See BASSIN. 
 
 CONFINEMENT, s. m., tumefactio, f. L., 
 aufschwellung, f. G., tumefaction : a 
 morbid augmentation of volume, of any part 
 of the body. 
 
 GONGBONE, S. , yayyauvri, gongTOlia, 
 
 Li. : a synonym of BRONCHOCELE ; also, 
 according to Kraus, a nervous ganglion, 
 ein nervenknoten, G. 
 
 GONGYLE, s. f., gongylus, m. L. See 
 SPORE. 
 
 GONIOMETRE, s. m., goniometium, n. 
 (ycatia, an angle, f^irpsv, a measure), L., 
 
 winkelmesser, m. G., goniometer: in 
 
 Physics, an instrument for determining, 
 precisely, the admeasurement of angles, 
 
 GONOCELE, s. , gonocele, f. (yavti, the 
 semen, *5x>j, swelling), L., samenbruch, 
 m. G. : in Pathology, tumefaction of the 
 testis and spermatic chord, from supposed
 
 oos 
 
 retention of the sperm in the seminiferous 
 tubes. By some, the term is incorrectly 
 employed to designate swelling of the knee, 
 kniegeschwullst, f., kniebruch, m. G 
 Kraus asserts that, when thus used, it 
 should be written " gonyocele oder gona- 
 tocele" (yow, yavttTos, the knee, and xjX, 
 swelling). 
 
 GONOI'DE, adj., yovoitivs, 'yavuSr,;, go- 
 nodes, gonoides, L., samenahnlich, G., 
 sperm-like : an epithet applied to fluids 
 which exhibit a resemblance tosemen, yav. 
 
 GONOPHORE, s. m., gonophorus, m. 
 (y'oiost generation, Qiga, to sustain), L., 
 befruchtungstrager, geschlechtstheiltrag- 
 er, m. G. : a term, in Botany, applied, by 
 De Candolle, to a prolongation of the re- 
 ceptacle of certain flowers; which, issuing, 
 as in the Anonacece, from the fundus of 
 the calyx, supports the stamens and pistil. 
 
 GONORHHEE, s. f., yovofpaiu, literally, 
 an involuntary escape of the seminal fluid 
 (y>i, semen, fiu, to flow), gonorrhoea, f. 
 L., gonorrhoe, f., samenfluss, m. G. : a 
 term incorrectly employed to designate a 
 mucous discharge from the urethra, see 
 BLENNORHHAGIE ; and actually syn. with 
 SPERMATOHRH EE. rovofpau;, adj., gonor- 
 rhoicus, L., gonorrhoisch, G., affected 
 with , suffering from, gonorrluea. 
 
 GORGE, s. f. : in Geography, a defile or 
 
 narrow pass, monlium fauces, I.., 
 
 schlucht, f., engpass, m. G , situated in 
 mountainous regions : in .Zoology, the an- 
 terior part of the neck, gula, f., guttur, 
 jugulum, n. G., \KI/*OS, kehle, f. G., of 
 the Mammiferu, and the breast of the hu- 
 man female ; also, all the interior, visible 
 through the orifice, of univalve shells : in 
 Botany, the entrance, or throat, faux, f. 
 Ij., schlund, f. G., of the tubular corol- 
 la, calyx, or perigone, of plants. Mai de 
 gorge, F. : the popular designation of di- 
 vers forms of Angina, idiopathic or symp- 
 tomatic. GORGE, adj., gorged, tumified: 
 Ex. Jambcs fforgts, I"., Dwelled legs. 
 
 GoRGERET,s.m., ductorcanaliculatus, 
 L., t'uhrer, m., gerinnte sonde, f. G., 
 
 forget: in Surgery, an instrument exhi- 
 iting a groove, or channel, in the figure 
 of a gorge ; and employed to protect the 
 intestine, or secure the thread, in the o- 
 peration for fistula in ano, by incision or 
 ligature : in lithotomy, to conduct the 
 forceps to the stone ; and, in certain forms 
 of the instrument, to divide the prostate 
 gland and neck of the bladder. Hence, 
 the distinction of' the lithotomy goryet, g. 
 cystitome ou lithotome, F.,- into the blunt, 
 g. condui-tear; and the cutting gorget, g. 
 tranchant, an uncouth and dangerous in- 
 strument, of which the operator, deeply ver- 
 sed in surgical Anatomy, can seldom stand 
 in need ; and which the ignorant or inexpe- 
 rienced ought never te employ. For an 
 296 
 
 GOU 
 
 account of the many varieties of the gor- 
 get, see Dictionnaire des Te mcs, etc. p. 320. 
 
 GOSIER, s. m. : the popular designation 
 of the fauces and pharynx. See GORGE. 
 
 GOSSYPINE, s. tl : a term applied, by 
 Thomson, to cotton, see COTON, the gos- 
 sip' on, of Latin writers. 
 
 GOUDRON, s.m., pix liquida,L., ther, 
 m. or n. G., tar : the syrup-like, reddish- 
 black, tenacious substance, of acrid taste 
 and empyreumatic odour, obtained, by the 
 action of fire, from the wood of such of the 
 Coniferce as have attained too advanced an 
 age to yield turpentine. It is a mixture 
 of resin, empyreumatic oil, and charcoal. 
 Tar -water, Eau de goudron, F., Theer- 
 wasser, G., or tar, itself, in pills, has long 
 been medicinally employed as an excitant of 
 the mucous membranes ; and inhalation of 
 its vapours, eulogized as a remedy in pul- 
 monary phthisis. The ermans have an 
 Officinal Unguent, Theersalbe,G Ungu- 
 uent. Picis liquidae, L., of this substance. 
 
 GOUJON, s. m. : in .Zoology, a small 
 edible fresh-water fish, C. gobio, der griind- 
 ling, G., gudgeon ; belonging to the ge- 
 nus, Cyprinus,see CYPRIV. 
 
 GOUSSE, s. f., /,-, legumen, n. L., 
 hiilse, f. G., husk, legume, pod : in 
 Botany, a dry, membranous, bivalve peri- 
 carp ; ordinarily unilocular ; sometimes bi- 
 locular, as in Astragalus ; or multilocular, 
 as in Cassia : the seeds attached to one or 
 other of the valves, only along the superi- 
 or suture. The fruits of all the Lcgumi- 
 nosce, as the term indicates, exhibit this 
 structure. In Conchology, a shell, belong, 
 ing to the genus, Soli-n, receives the speci- 
 fic designation, legumen, from the resem- 
 blance which it exhibits to a. peas-cod. 
 
 GOUT, s. m., yiu<rii, gustatio, f., gus- 
 ttis, m. L., geschmack, m., schmecken, n. 
 G., taste: in Physiology, that sense by 
 the aid of which the sarour of divers bo- 
 dies is perceived. The tongue, see I.AN- 
 GUE, constitutes its principal organ. The 
 term, taste, is also employed, in Psycholo- 
 gy, to designate that exquisite perception 
 of beauty and defect in the works of art, 
 by which some minds are so strikingly 
 characterized. 
 
 GOUTTE, s. f., a^/<rjf, arthritis, f. 
 L., gicht, f. G., gout : in Pathology, a 
 disease characterized by pain, swelling, 
 and redness, of the various articulations, 
 see AHTHRITE ; and intimately connect- 
 ed with irritation, or derangement, of the 
 organs of digestion. It commonly attacks 
 the lesser joints of the foot, see PODA- 
 GRE, and, especially, that of the great 
 toe, before extending to the larger articu- 
 lations. Gout is classed, by Pinel, Woso- 
 graphie Philosoph., v. ii, p. 550, in the 5th 
 Order of Class 1 1, under the head ofPhley- 
 masue of the Synovia} Membranes. GOUT-
 
 GRA 
 
 TEUX, adj., gJUty. Synon. with ARTHRI- 
 
 TltlUE. 
 
 GOUTTE, S. f., gutta, f. L., pavi}, ffra.- 
 
 iMypa., tropfen, m. G., drop : in Phar- 
 macy, a minute portion of a liquid ; vary- 
 ing, in weight and volume, according to 
 the nature of such liquid, and the size, 
 and figure, of the lip and orifice of the ves- 
 sel from which it is poured ; but ordinari- 
 ly estimated as equivalent to one grain. 
 GOUTTES, pi. : a term applied to certain 
 Pharmaceutical Preparations ; which, like 
 the Arsenical Fever-drops, fieber/ro/;/ere, 
 G., s,e ARSENITE, and the black drops, 
 guttte nigrse, L., lately introduced into 
 British practice, are administered in very 
 small quantities. Goulte-rose, see Cou- 
 TEROSE. sereine, see AMAUROSE. 
 
 GOUTTIERE, s. f. : in Anatomy, a. groove, 
 or furrow, hollowed in the surfaceof a bone; 
 and so designated from the resemblance 
 which it exhibits to the gutters,or drains, 
 collicise, L., die rinnen, G., destined to 
 carry off the rain-water from the roofs of 
 houses, and streets. Among these, there 
 are, 1. some in which certain organs are 
 lodged; as the tuber annulare in the basi- 
 lar groove, g. lasilaire, F., of the occipi- 
 tal bone: 2. others, which set veto facilitate 
 the sliding of various tendons; as the bici- 
 pital, ra'Jial, and fibular, g. bicipitale, 
 radiate, peroniere: and, lastly, those which 
 contain blood-vessels; as the g. sagittate of 
 the frontal and parietal bones. 
 
 GOUVERNAIL, s. m., ruder, steuerrud- 
 er, m. G., a helm, or rudder. Gouv . du tes- 
 ficule, F., gubernacutnm testis, L. : in A- 
 natomy, the designation applied, by Hun- 
 ter, to the triangular fibre-cellular chord 
 which, in the foetus, proceeds from the ra- 
 mus ischii, and skin ot the scrotum, to the 
 posterior part of the testis, previously to 
 the issue of that organ from the abdomen. 
 A continuation of the/fascia superficial, it, 
 in contracting to bring down the testis, e- 
 longates the fibres of the internal oblique 
 muscle ; forms the Cremaster ; and, itselfj 
 expand j to constitute the peculiar struc- 
 ture, termed DARTOS. 
 
 GRAIN, s. m., granum, n. L : in French 
 Pharmacy, the 72nd part of the drachm, 
 see GROS; and 24th of the scruple: in Bo- 
 tany, the designation of the fruit of the ce- 
 real plants, korn,samenkorn, n.G. grain 
 ercorn: in Pathology, popularly employed 
 as a synonym of pustule, pustula, f. L., 
 in reference, however, only to variolous 
 pustules, die blatternarben, G. 
 
 GRAINE, s. f., xaxxts, semen, n. I,., 
 saame, f. G., seed : in Botany, the portion 
 of the fruit contained within the pericarp 
 Graines de Paradis, F., grana paradisi, L., 
 paradiesArorner, G., grains of paradise : 
 the fruit of a plant belonging to the genus, 
 Amomum, see AMOME. Highly aromatic, 
 
 297 
 
 GRA 
 
 and stimulant; and, in Britain, largely em- 
 ployed in the adulteration of malt-liquor. 
 de sante : in French Pharmacy, a popu- 
 lar designation of stomachic pills, composed 
 of Aloes, Cinnamon, Extract of Cinchona, 
 and Syrup of Wormwood. 
 
 GRAISSE, s. f., a-ritz/i, n/x.t>.^, adeps. 
 pinguedo, f. L., fett, n. G., fat: a sub- 
 stance, contained in theareolse of the cel- 
 lular structure of animals ; and consisting, 
 principally, of OLEINE and STEARINE. 
 Submitted to ebullition in alcohol, fat is 
 partly dissolved : the stearin, with a small 
 admixture of the olein, is deposited on the 
 cooling of the fluid; and the remnant of the 
 olein retained in solution. The fat of va- 
 rious animals, destitute of azote, differs 
 very much, not only in the relative pro- 
 portions of its component principles, but 
 in its physical, and, probably, also, more 
 than has hitherto been suspected, in its di- 
 etetic and medicinal properties. In this re- 
 spect, the oil of the cod's liver, see Mo RUE, 
 is said, by a modern writer, to merit es- 
 pecial notice. Dietetically regarded, the va- 
 rious fats are indigestible ; comparatively 
 innutritious; and capable, when rancid, 
 from the acetic acid then evolved, of act- 
 ing upon copper,and dissolving the various 
 oxydes. For an account of their diverse 
 applications to domestic Economy and 
 Pharmacy, see AXONGE, BEURRE, BLANC 
 de baleine, HUILE, LARD, SUIF, and the 
 valuable Art., Graisse, in vol. iii, of the 
 Diction, de Matiere Medicale. Gr. oxigenee, 
 F.: a substance obtained by heating lard, 
 saindou-r, with l-10th of its weight of 
 nitric acid. GRAISSEUX, adj., ffrictreaStis, 
 adiposus, L., fettig, G., fatty, of the 
 nature of fat or tallow : Tuineur , dt gene- 
 ration graisseusc, F., an adipose tumour, a 
 fatty degeneration. 
 
 GHALLES, s. f., pi., Gralla, Grallatores, 
 It. See E'CHASSIERS. 
 
 GRAMINEES, s. f., Graminece, f. L., die 
 Graser, G. : in Botany, a Natural Family 
 of monocotyledonous plants, with hypogy- 
 nous stamens ; comprehending the Cereal 
 Plants and all the Gnutet : hence the de- 
 signation, from gramen, L., grass. 
 
 GRAMiNiFOMk,adj., graminifolius^ra- 
 mf.n, -folium, a leaf), L., grasblattrig, G., 
 grass-leaved: bearing leaves, which, as in 
 Octomeria graininifol'ia, resemble those of 
 the Grasses. GRAMINIFORME, adj gra- 
 mineus, L., grasahnlich, G., grass-like: 
 resembling grass. GKAMINIVORE, adj., 
 graminivorus (gramen, voro, to devour), 
 L,., gras fressend, G., graminivorous : 
 an epithet applied, in Zoology, to animals 
 which feed upon grass. 
 
 GRAMINOI.OGIE, s. f., graminologia, f. 
 I,,.: a spurious and hybrid compound of 
 the Latin and Greek ; sometimes employ- 
 ed, by the ignorant, as a synonym of A-
 
 GRA 
 
 grostilogie, s. f., F., agrostiologia, f. (a.y^ua- 
 ris, grass, Xoy, a discourse), L., a Trea- 
 tise upon the Grasses. 
 
 GRAMME, s. m., gramma, n. L. : a 
 term applied, by the Ancients, to a weight 
 constituting the 24th part of an ounce, 
 ygitftftti^iet : and which, equivalent to 24 
 grains, differs not from the modern French 
 scruple, see SCRUPULE. At present, the 
 gramme represents a weight equal to that 
 of a centimeter cube of water, eighteen 
 grains and a fraction. Consequently, the 
 French ounce consists of thirty-two ; 
 and the drachm, see GROS, of a little 
 more than four such grammes. 
 
 GRANDIF LO RE, ad j . grandiflorus (gran- 
 dis, large, flos, a flower), JL., grossblumig, 
 G., large-flowered : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to plants which, like Cactus grandi- 
 Jlorus, possess large and conspicuous/?OMws: 
 as is theadj.GRANDiFOLiE, grandifolius, 
 L., grossblattrig, G., to those which, like 
 Calladium grandijolium, are distinguished 
 from their congeners, by a more ample 
 leaf. 
 
 GRANIVORE, adj., granivorus (granum, 
 grain or seed, voro, to devour), L., korner 
 fressend, G., granivorous : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Zoology, to animals, more especi- 
 ally of the Bird-Class, which live upon 
 seeds. Les Granivores,Y., Granivori, L., 
 constitute the 4th Order in Temminck's 
 Manuel d 1 Ornilhologie ; and correspond 
 with the "hard-billed birds," of popular 
 British writers on Ornithology. 
 
 GRANULATION, s, f., granulatio, f. L., 
 kornen, n., das granuliren der metalle, G. : 
 an operation, in Chemistry, whereby the 
 various metals are reduced into grains. 
 GRANULATIONS, pi.: a term applied, by 
 modern Pathologists, to an organic lesion 
 which consists in the formation of firm, 
 rounded or ovoid, glistening, semi-transpa- 
 rent tumours, resembling, in figure and 
 volume, a millet-seed or pea. The miliary 
 granulations, gran. miliaires,F., are most 
 commonly found in the lung ; but some- 
 times exist in other organs, to such an ex- 
 tent as to constitute the " granulous di- 
 athesis." The fibrous, gran, jibreuses, 
 
 white, opaque, flattened, and resembling, 
 in appearance, the fibrous tissue, are seen, 
 in certain forms of chronic pleuritis, 
 scattered over the pleura. Granulations 
 cerebrales : a modern French synonym 
 
 of Pacchionfs glands, see GLANDE 
 
 GRANULE, GRANULAIRE, GRANULEUX, 
 adj., granulatus, granularis, granulosus, 
 L.., granulirt, gekornt, gekornelt, G., 
 pertaining to, or exhibiting, granulations : 
 Ex. Tumeur d'aspect granule, F., a tum- 
 our, of granulated aspect ; poumon granu- 
 leux, a granular lung. 
 
 GRANULE, s. m., granulum, n. L., 
 kb'rnchen, n. G., literally, a yrainlet, or 
 
 298 
 
 GRA 
 
 little grain : a term, in Botany, applied 1. 
 to the reproductive particle of Cryptoga- 
 mous plants: 2. to the yrainlet discovered, 
 by Gleichen, in the fluid which each grain 
 of vegetable pollen is said to enclose: 3. to 
 the minute rounded excrescences, verrues 
 arrondies, F., which exist on the calyces 
 of the different species of Rumex. 
 
 GRAPHIO'lDE,OuGRAPHOlDE,adj., yf- 
 
 <pn>ii%ns,ypa.q>oii%vs, graphioides,graphoides, 
 L., griffelformig. G. : an epithet some- 
 times applied, in Anatomy, to the styloid 
 process (ygaipiov, a style) of the temporal 
 bone. See STYLOIDE. 
 
 GRAPHITE, s.m., graphites, m. (y^u, 
 to write), L., graphit,m., reissblei, n. G. : 
 in Mineralogy, the designation of the per- 
 carburet of iron, employed in the manufac- 
 ture of the "black-lead pencil." Plumbago 
 is medicinally used, on the continent, both 
 as an internal and topical remedy, in cu- 
 taneous diseases. " Der Graphit, ein art 
 kohlensaures eisen, bewahrt sich als ein 
 vorziigliches mittel in hautkrankheiten." 
 Otto, Reise durch die Schweiz, etc., p. 59. 
 
 GRAPPE, s. f., fiords, racemus, m. L., 
 traube, f. G., bunch, cluster : in Bota- 
 ny, an assemblage of flowers, or fruit, sus- 
 tained on partial flower-stalks, pedicelli, 
 m. L., of nearlv equal length ; and ar- 
 ranged at some distance from each other, 
 along a common stalk, pedunculus, as 
 in Veronica beccabunga. The spike differs 
 from the raceme, in having sessile, or near- 
 ly sessile, flowers. In the vine and cur- 
 rant, the raceme is, from the subdivisions 
 of the pedicelli, termed compound ; and ag- 
 grjgate, in Actcea racemosa. 
 
 GRAS, adj., pinguis, L. : an epithet, in 
 some of its applications, syn. with GRAIS- 
 SEUX : in Botany, employed to designate 
 plants, plantes grasses, F., plantar succu- 
 lentae, L., which, like those of the gene- 
 ra, Aloe and Crassula, possess much cellu- 
 lar and little ligneous tissue; and are, 
 consequently, thick and succulent. See 
 Redoute' et De Candolle, Histoire des 
 Plantes Grasses, vol. 2, fol., Paris, 1790. 
 
 GRAS de Jambe, s. m., see MOLLET. 
 des Cadavres : the popular designation of 
 ADIPOCIRE. 
 
 GRAS-FONDURE, s. f., diarrhoea adipo- 
 sa, Li., fettschmelzen, n. G. : in Patholo- 
 gy, the vulgar designation of a colliquative 
 diarrhoea, in which an adipose substance, 
 particles of melted fat, graissefondue, F., 
 is apparently voided with the excrement. 
 
 GRASSET, s. m. : the anterior region of 
 the thigh ; bounded, below, by the patella. 
 
 GHASSETTE, s. fl : a genus, in Botany, 
 Ping.uicula (Diandria, monogyn. ; Lentibu- 
 larue), L., das Fettkraut, G., Butter- 
 wort. The leaves of P. vulgaris, are em- 
 ployed, by the Laplanders, in coagulating 
 the milk of the rein-deer.
 
 GRA 
 
 GRASSEYEMENT, s. m. : a term, in Pa- 
 thology, under which two very distinct 
 defects of articulation, PARLER-BLES, et 
 ROTTACISME, have been confounded. 
 
 GRATELLE, s. f., impetigo, f. L. : a 
 term applied to a variety of Scabies, S. 
 canina, see GALE : by some authors, to 
 an eruption resembling itch ; but destitute 
 of the contagious character. 
 
 GRATIOLE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Gratiola ( Diandria, monogyn, ; Scrophula- 
 rince), L., das Gnathenkraut, G., the 
 Hedge-Hyssop. The only European spe- 
 cies, G. officiualis, la gr. commune, herbe 
 a pauvre fiornme, F., a marsh plant, pos- 
 sesses slightly cmetic'dnd powerfully cathar- 
 tic properties. 
 
 GRAVATLF, adj., gravativus, L., gra- 
 vative : an epithet employed, in Patholo- 
 gy, to designate pain, douleur f/ravative, 
 F., accompanied by a sense of weight in 
 the part which it occupies. 
 
 GRAVELLE, s. f., lithiasis, f. L., gries, 
 m. G. : a term, in Pathology, applied to an 
 affection resulting from the formation, and 
 presence, of small calculous concretions, 
 calculi minimi, L., which resemble^mwe/ 
 or sand, in the urinary passages. This 
 crystalline substance, GRAVIER, s. m., 
 der nierenone.v, oder blasengries, of the Ger- 
 mans, according as it may be lodged in the 
 kidney or bladder, is ordinarily composed 
 of uric acid in combination with an animal 
 matter; rarely, of the oxalate or phosphate 
 of lime, or the cystic oxyde. The princi- 
 pal diagnostic signs uf gravel are a sense of 
 pain, heat, or weight, in the renal or vesi- 
 cal regions ; pain, difficulty, or obstruction, 
 in the excretion of urine ; and, more espe- 
 cially, a deposition of the sediment, in 
 question, by that fluid. See Magendie, 
 Recherches Physiologiques et Medicales sur 
 les Causes, etc., de la Gravelle, 8vo., Paris, 
 1818. CAI.CULEUX, adj., calculosus, L., 
 griesig, steinig, G., connected with, or 
 subject to, gravel. See Marcet, Essay on 
 Calculous Disorders, 8vo., London, 1817- 
 
 GRAVITATION, s. f., gravitatio, f. L. : 
 the term applied, in Natural Philosophy, 
 to the attraction which takes place between 
 bodies remotely situated from each ether. 
 GRAViTE,s.f., gravitas,f.L., schwere, 
 f.,gewicht, n.G. : in Physics, that power by 
 virtue of which bodies invariably tend to- 
 wards the earth's centre. Centre de gravi- 
 te, F., die schwerpunkt,G., the centre of 
 gravity. In Pathology, employed to indi- 
 cate the important character, grav. (Tune 
 maladie, of a disease. GRAVE, adj., gra- 
 vis, L., /}?, schwer, G., heavy, seri- 
 ous, grave : Ex. les corps graves, F., cor- 
 pora gravia, L., heavy bodies ; Cas , 
 symptoms grave, a serious case, an import- 
 ant symptom : Son grave, a deep or low 
 sound : accent grave, ein schwerer oder 
 
 299 
 
 GRE 
 
 tiefer accent, G., a grave , opposed, in 
 signification, to acute, accent. 
 
 GRELE, s. f., ^Xa^, grando, f.L., 
 hagel, m. G., hail : in Meteorology, a 
 phenomenon which consists in the fall of 
 water, solidified by cold, in the form of 
 frozen grains, grtlons, pi. F., grandines, 
 L., hagelsteine, G. hail-stones, some- 
 times, of considerable magnitude, from the 
 atmosphere: in Pathology, the small indu- 
 rated tumour, see CHALAZE, developed 
 in the substance, or ciliary margin, of the 
 human eye-lid ; and so named, from its re- 
 semblance, in figure, aspect, and volume, 
 to an ordinary hail-stone. 
 
 GRELE, adj., gracilis, tenuis, L., l<r%- 
 
 to;, diinn, schlank, G., thin, slender: 
 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 1. the 
 small intestine, intestin grile, F., intesti- 
 num tcnue, L., including the duodenum, 
 jejunum, and ileum : 2 two muscles of 
 the thigh, named, from their slender figure, 
 grile anterieur, et interne, de la cuisse, see 
 DROIT ; and the Plantar muscle of the leg, 
 Jambiere grile, see PLANTAIRE : 3. to 
 the long and slender process, Apophyse 
 grile, extending from the neck of the 
 malleus, to the fissura Glaseri. In .Zoo- 
 logy and Botany, employed for the specific 
 designation of animals and plants which, 
 as Liorynchus , and Ptychosperma graci- 
 lis, are distinguished by the slender figure 
 of their bod}' or organs. 
 
 GREMIL, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Li~ 
 thospermum ( Pentandria, monogyn. ; Bora- 
 gineaej, L., der Steinsame, G., Crom- 
 well. The hard, white, shining, stone-like 
 seeds of L. qfficinale are accounted aperient, 
 diuretic, and lithontriptic. The bark and 
 roots of L. arvense afford a red dye. The 
 French and English generic designation, 
 derived from the Celtic, graun, a seed, and 
 mil, a stone, is obviously, like the Latin and 
 German, founded on the physical characters 
 of the seeds of these plants. 
 
 GRENADE, s. f., malum punicum, L., 
 granatapfel, G., pomegranate : in Bo- 
 tany, the fruit of an African shrub, GRE- 
 NADIER, s. m., Punica granatum, (Icosan- 
 dria, monogyn. ; Myrti), I,., Granatbaum, 
 G., Pomegranate-Tree. This fruit con- 
 tains a grateful and refrigerant pulp, im- 
 bedding the seeds. The astringent rind, 
 granatapf'elschale, G., is medicinally em- 
 ployed under the title of Malicorium ; and 
 the dried flowers, under that of BAI.AUSTE. 
 
 GRENIERS, s. m., pi. : a term formerly 
 employed, by Anatomists, to designate the 
 Vesicula seminales. 
 
 GRENOUII.LE, s. f. : in Zoology, a ge- 
 nus of cold-blooded Vertebrate Animals, 
 Rana, L., der Frosch, G., the Frog; 
 constituting the type of the 4th Order, 
 BATRACHIENS, in the Class, Reptiles, of 
 Cuvier ; but, from the branchial respira-
 
 ORE 
 
 tion, see BHANCHIES, and exclusively 
 aquatic habits of the young animal, com- 
 prehended in the Class, AMPHIBIENS, of 
 Blainville. The toad, heretofore included 
 in this , is, by modern zoologists, referred, 
 see CRAP AUD, to another genus. The 
 upper jaw and palate of the Frog are fur- 
 nished with teeth : the mouth of the toad 
 is utterly destitute of these organs. 
 
 On the European continent, two species 
 of frog are extensively employed in diet. 
 These are, the green or edible frog, R. 
 esculenta, gr. verte (la gr. commune, of the 
 French), f->a.Ttt.%os 'lottos, der griine was- 
 serfrosch, G. ; and the common frog, R. 
 temporaria, gr, rousse, of British writers. 
 The specific characters, respectively as- 
 signed to them, by Fleming, are " Middle 
 of the back with a protuberance ; sides 
 margined :" and " a black spot on each side 
 of the head." The hind-quarters only 
 of the frog are eaten in France : in Ger- 
 many, the whole, with an exception of the 
 skin and entrails. In the West-Indian 
 islands, another and much larger spe- 
 cies, the bull-frog, R. catesbeana velgrun- 
 niens, gr. taureau, grofjnante, of Dau- 
 din, and crapaud, of French colonists, 
 der Amerikanische grosse frosch, G., 
 is domesticated, and fed, to supply the ta- 
 ble. The flesh of these animals is white ; 
 and represented, by French writers, as 
 "tender, delicate, and readily digestible. 
 It contains a large proportion of gelatine ; 
 and is nutritious, but not excitant. Like 
 that of lamb, chicken, and turtle, it is in- 
 debted to this principle for its flavour, and 
 all its hygienic properties." Fro<j-brofh, 
 bouillons de grenouilles, F., iuscula e carne 
 ranarum, L., is, also, highly eulogized as 
 a remedy for various diseases, acute and 
 chronic. Frai de grenouilles, F., sperma 
 ranarum,^,., -/h>scMaich,G., /ro^-spawn. 
 GRENOUILLERE, s. f., froggery : a place 
 wherein frogs are preserved, and fattened, 
 for dietetic purposes. See Cuvier, Regne 
 Animal, v. ii., p. 101 ; and Cloquet, Faune 
 des Mcdecins, vol. v., p. 254. 
 
 GRENOUILLETTE, s. f., fidrea,%t>s, ba- 
 trachium, n., hypoglossis, ranula, f. L., 
 froschgeschwullst, f. G. : in Pathology, a 
 swelling, situated beneath the tongue ; and so 
 named, either from its imaginary resembl- 
 ance to the back of & frog, grenouiUe,Y., 
 rana, L., /Sarga^of , frosch, G., or from 
 the alteration which it induces in the voice 
 and articulation of those affected by it. 
 Rannla results from accumulation and re- 
 tention of saliva in the sub-maxillaryducts; 
 consequent on their obliteration, or ob- 
 struction, by adhesion or calculus. In Bo- 
 tany, the popular designation of Ficaria 
 ranunculoides, see FICAIHE : not the /3- 
 rga^iav, of Dioscorides ; which may rather 
 be considered as the Greek synonym of the 
 300 
 
 GRO 
 
 Latin generic term, Ranunculus. See RE- 
 
 NONCULE. 
 
 GRESIL, s. m. : the vulgar designation 
 of small hail, grando minutissima, L., 
 graupenhagel, G. 
 
 GRIMPANT, adj., scandens, L,., klet- 
 ternd, klimmend, G., climbing, scandent: 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to plants, 
 or stems of plants, which, incapable of self- 
 support, climb upon adjacent bodies by the 
 aid of tendrils, caulinary roots, or torsion 
 of the petiole : as respectively exemplified 
 in Vitis, Bignonia radicans, and Clematis. 
 
 GRIMPEURS, s. m., pi., Scansores, L. : 
 an Order, in Ornithology, comprehending 
 the genera of birds which, as the Cuculi, 
 Pici, and Psitlaci, are furnished, anterior- 
 ly and posteriorly, with two toes ; and 
 hence included in the Order Zygodactyli, 
 see .ZYGODACTYLES, of Temminck, are 
 enabled to climb, grimper, F., scandere, 
 L., klettern, G., with facility, on an in- 
 clined or vertical plane. By Blainville, 
 the term is, also, applied to a Family of 
 the Rodentia, and a Section of Ophidian 
 Reptiles ; which, as the Sciuri and Jio<e,pos- 
 sess the faculty of climbing trees. 
 
 GRIPPE, s. f. : a popular designation, in 
 France, of divers epidemics, of an anginose 
 or gastro-bronchitic character. 
 
 GRIPPE, adj., contractus, L. : an epi- 
 thet, in Pathology, applied to the human 
 face, when all the features are shortened 
 and shrunk; a physiognomical condition 
 frequently observed in painful affections 
 of the abdomen and, especially, in convul- 
 sion from the poison of lead. 
 
 GROS, s. m., drachma, f. L , n. G., 
 $ga%/u)i, originally derived from the He- 
 brew, drachmon : in Pharmacy, a weight 
 of 72 grains ; equivalent to the 8th part 
 of an ounce, or three French scruples. 
 
 GROSEILLIER, s.m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Ribes, ( Pentandria, monogyn.), L., der 
 Johannisbeerstrauch, G., the Currant- 
 and Gooseberry-tree ; constituting the 
 type of the Natural Family of the GROS- 
 SUI.ARIEES ou GROSSULARINEES, s. f., pi., 
 Grossulariece vel Grossularinte, L. ; and 
 comprehending several species. Of these, 
 the principal are 1. the common currant, 
 Ribes rnbruni, le^r. commun, F. ; of which 
 there aretwovarieties,distinguished by the 
 red and white colour of the berry, le gros- 
 seille, F. : 2. the black, R. niijrum, le^rr. 
 noir, ou cassis : and 3. the gooseberry, R. 
 grossularia, gr. a maquvreau ou epineu.v, 
 der stachelbeerstrauch, with its fruit, 
 die stachelbeere, G. 
 
 The fruit of thejirst, containing a large 
 proportion of citric acid, is gratefully aci- 
 dulous and refrigerant. The berry, leaf, 
 and bark of the second, are impregnated 
 with a bitter volatile oil, which is thought 
 to render them tonic, diaphoretic, and sto-
 
 GEO 
 
 machic , and an astringent principle, which 
 blackens a solution of sulphate of iron : 
 and the jelly, gelee de cassis, is success- 
 fully employed in inflammatory affections 
 of the throat. The seeds of both species 
 contain tannin. The dietetic properties of 
 the third are well known. The smooth 
 gooseberry, R. vva-crispa, is, by some, 
 regarded as a mere variety of ; by others, 
 as a species distinct from, R. arossularia. 
 
 The juice of these fruits is coagulable by 
 heat ; and contains a vegetable gelatine ; 
 at first, named pectic acid, acide pectique, 
 F., by Braconnot ; but, subsequently, 
 as found to differ from all the vegetable 
 acids, pectin, pectine, F. Guibourt terms 
 this coagulable principle, GROSSUI.INK, s. 
 f., grossulina, f. L. It is considered, by 
 Thomson, as the combination of a gum 
 with an acid. 
 
 GROSSESSE, s. f., graviditas, f. L., 
 Kvtia-i;, schwangerschaft, f. G., see GES- 
 TATION : in Physiology, the condition of 
 a female in the interior of whom one or 
 more fcetal germs are in progress of deve- 
 lopment. It extends from the moment 
 of fecundation to that of parturition. The 
 terms, pregnancy and preynant, are employ- 
 ed only in reference to the human female. 
 Pregnancy may be distinguished into, A. 
 Natural or Uterine, Gr. nntitrelle on ute- 
 rine ; B. Preternatural or Extra-uterine, 
 contra-nature, ou extra-uterine ; and, c. 
 Complex, complexe, ou intcr-extra-uterine. 
 In the First Order, the foetus, or other 
 bodv or bodies, which induce the pheno- 
 mena characteristic, or simulating those, 
 of pregnancy, is or are contained in the ute- 
 rine rarity. It comprehends, 1. Foetal or 
 true preanancy, Gross, fcetale ou vraie, 
 which is, a. simple or solitary, s. ou soli- 
 taire, when one foetus only exists : b. 
 compound, composee, when more than one', 
 bigeminal, bigeminale, when there are 
 twins ; trigeminal, trigeminalc, triplets : 
 and, c. complicated, gr. compliquee, when, 
 in addition to the fcetus, the womb contains 
 an accumulation of serum, a mass of hyda- 
 tids, or a polypus : 2. Apparent, False or 
 Spurious Pregnancy, Gr. apparent, afatale, 
 ou fausse, in which no fce/us exists : this 
 may result from, a. the presence of gas in 
 the uterine cavity, and is then termed 
 gazo-hi/sterique, F. ; b accumulation and 
 retention of blood, as sometimes takes place 
 in consequence of an imperforate hymen, 
 hemato-hysttrique ; c dropsy of the ute- 
 rus, hydro-hysterique ; or d. mole or spu- 
 rious germ, sarco-hyst.erique. 
 
 In the Second, or Extra-uterine Order, 
 the fcetus may be contained, a. in the ca- 
 vity of the peritoneum, and the pregnancy 
 is then termed abdominal, gr. abdominale, 
 F. ; b. in the ovary, ovarian, ovarienne , 
 or, c in the Fallopian tube, tubaire, F. 
 
 301 
 
 GUI 
 
 The TIArd, or Complex, is characterized 
 by the existence of an exira-uterine, in ad- 
 dition to the intra-uterine fcetus. The/or- 
 mer may be contained, a. in the peritoneal 
 cavity ; and the pregnancy is then named 
 utero-abdoniinal, Gr. utero-abdoniinale, F. ; 
 
 b in the ovary, utero-ovarienne ; or, c 
 
 in the Fallopian lube, utero-tubaire. 
 
 GROtni.LEMENTd'.EwZrttiM's, s.m., mo- 
 tus intestinorum, L. : a popular synonym 
 
 of BORBORYGME. 
 
 GRUAU, s. m., griitze, f. G., groats : 
 the term applied, in Domestic Economy, 
 to oats when deprived, by a certain pro- 
 cess, of their exterior envelope, ballejto- 
 rale, F. Griitee-brei, G., decoctum acenae 
 dccorticatrr, L., groat-gruel. 
 
 GUACO : in Botany, the popular desig- 
 nation of a South-American plant, describ- 
 ed, by Humboldt and Bonpland, under 
 the title of Mikania gtiaco. 'The juice is 
 employed, by the negroes, as an antidote 
 to the bite of venomous Reptiles. 
 
 GUEPE, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 Hymenopterous Insects, Vispa, L.; in- 
 cluded among the Diplop/eres, of French 
 Entomologists ; and constituting the type 
 of the Tribe, Gutpiaires, of Latreill", of 
 the Natural Family of the Vespidce, of 
 Leach. All the species live, like the ant 
 and bee, in society ; and the female and 
 neuter are armed with a sting which dis- 
 tils a poisonous fluid into the wound in- 
 flicted by it. In this respect, the common 
 wasp, V. vulgaris, la g. commune, F., 
 fffi%, der wespe ; and the hornet, V. cra- 
 bro, la a.frelon, 0,160^, die hornisse, 
 are especially entitled to the notice of the 
 medical zoologist. By a South-American 
 Insect, belonging, or nearly allied, to this 
 genus, a honey is prepared ; which, receiv- 
 ed into the human stomach, excites vomit- 
 ing and delirium, frequently terminating 
 in death. The noxious properties of this 
 honey are, by some, attributed to the par- 
 ticular nature of the plant, Paullinia aus- 
 tralis, from which it has been collected. 
 See Cloquet, Faune des Mede.c., vol. v., p. 
 
 319. GtTEPIEH, S. m., arfynier, vespa- 
 
 rum caverna, L., wespennest, n. G., a 
 wasp's nest. 
 
 GUI, s. m. : in Botany, a genus of para- 
 sitic plants, Viscum ( Dioicia, tetrandr. ; 
 Loranthe<e ), L,., die Mistel, G., Missel- 
 toe. The only species, V. album, j|, 
 le gui commun, F., grows in Europe, on 
 the branches of various trees, especially 
 the apple. Its berry, mistelbeere, G., 
 internally administered, is cathartic ; ex- 
 ternally, maturative : its leaf, bitter, tonic, 
 anti-spasmodic, and anti-epileptic. Bird- 
 lime, glu, f. F., viscus, m. L,., mistel- 
 leim, m. G., is prepared from its bark. 
 
 GUIMAUVE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Althiea(Monadelphia,poli/andr. ; Malraceai),
 
 GUT 
 
 L., der Eibisch, G., the Marsh-Mal- 
 low. All the parts, and, more especially, 
 the root, Althawurzel, eibischwurzel, G., 
 of A. officinalis, la g. ordinaire, I*'., a 
 common European plant, contain a mucila- 
 ginous principle ; and are, consequently, 
 emollient. French and German Officinal 
 Preparations: a Syrup, Syrupus de Al- 
 thaea, Eibischsyrup, G. ; and an Oint- 
 ment, Unguentum de Althaea", Ph. Gall. } 
 Eibischsalbe. G. a fleursjaunes : a sy- 
 nonym of ABUTILOV. 
 
 GUSTATIF, adj., gustativus ( gustus, 
 taste), L. : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate an important branch 
 the gustatory, nerf gustatif, F., die ge- 
 schm/icksnerve, G., of the 3rd division of 
 the 5th cerebral nerve; which, distributed 
 on the tongue, see LINGUAI,, transmits 
 to the brain, the impressions made by the 
 sapid molecules of divers bodies up;>n the 
 former organ. GUSTATION, s. f., gusta- 
 tio, f. L., schmecken, n. G. : in Physio- 
 logy, the action, or sense, of tasting. 
 
 GUTTIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Garcinia ( Polyandria, polygn. ; Guttiferce), 
 I* ; which contains, among other species, 
 the G. camboffia, vel gambogia, of Willde- 
 now, Camboffia gutta, Linnaeus : also, the 
 French designation of another Asiatic 
 plant, Stalagmites cambogioides ( Polyga- 
 mia, monoec. ; Tricoccce), L. Both of these, 
 in common with several other plants, es- 
 pecially the American Millepertuis bacci- 
 fera, yield the well-known gum-resin, 
 Gamboge, GUTTE, s. f., gomme gutte, 
 Cambogia, Gamboqia, f. L., Gummigut, 
 n. G. The product of the Stalagmites is 
 the most esteemed. Gamboge is violently 
 purgative and, in large doses, poisonous. 
 The French have an Officinal Powder, 
 Pulvis e Gummi Gutta", seu Cambogia* 
 compositus, Ph. Gall. : the Germans, a 
 Tincture and Soap, Gummiguttinctur, 
 und seife, of Gamboge. The name is 
 derived from Kamboja, a Siamese river, on 
 the banks of which, the plants, producing 
 it, principally grow. 
 
 GUTTIFERES, s. f., pi., Guttifera, L. : 
 in Botany, a Natural Order of dicotyledo- 
 nous, polypetalous, hypogynous plants ; 
 comprehending, among others, the genus, 
 GUTTIER, of French botanists ; and the 
 Gutteefera, now Stalagmites, of Koenig. 
 See Loudon, Encyclop. of Plants, p. 10B1. 
 
 GUTTURAL, adj., gutturalis, pertain- 
 ing to the throat, guttur, L., zur xchle 
 genorig, G. : an epithet, in Anatomy, ap- 
 plied, 1., by Chaussier, to the Euslarhian 
 tube, Conduit guttural du tympan, F. see 
 TKOMPE : 2 to the depression, Fosse 
 gutturale, formed in the basis cranii, be- 
 tween the posterior nares and occipital fo- 
 ramen. In Pathology, the term, hernie 
 gntturale, is sometimes, incorrectly, em- 
 
 302 
 
 GYM 
 
 ployed as a synonym of BRONCHOCEI.E ; 
 and toux gutturale, to designate cough re- 
 sulting from fixed irritation of the larynx 
 or trachea, 
 
 GUTTURO-MAXILLAIRE, adj., guttu- 
 ro-maxillaris, L. : an epithet employed, 
 by Chaussier, in his Anatomical Nomen- 
 clature, to designate the internal maxillary 
 artery, see MAXILLAIHE, as distributed 
 principally on the throat and jaw : GUT- 
 TURO-PALATIN, adj., gutturo-palatinus, 
 L., to the posterior palatine branch of the 
 Spheno-palatine ganglion, see SPIIENO- 
 PALATIN ; from its distribution corres- 
 ponding with these terms. 
 
 GYMNASE, S. m., yvfi.va.ffiov (yjftva.'^u, 
 to exercise naked), gymnasium, n. L., 
 and G. : a place destined, by the Ancients, 
 for the practice of various exercises of the 
 body in a state of nudity. The term is, 
 also, employed, by the Germans, to desig- 
 nate public edifices, or institutions, of in- 
 struction for youth, gelehrtenschulen,G. 
 Otto, in his Medical Tour, Reise durch 
 die Schweiz, p. 2, remarks, in reference to 
 Switzerland, that " in mehrer stiidten sind 
 aber sogennanten Gymnasien, die zum 
 theile als Universit'dten betrachtet werden 
 konnen. Das Gymnasium in Zurich is fast 
 ganz auf diese wiese engerichtet." GYM- 
 
 NASTE, s. m., yvp.va,ffrris, gymnasta, 
 
 gymnastes, m. L.., gymnast, m. G. : the 
 proprietor of a Gymnasium ; or one who 
 professes to prevent, or remedy, various 
 diseases of man, by the employment of 
 frictions, or gymnastic exercises. 
 
 GYMNASTIQUE, adj., <yvft,va<rriKos, - 
 gymnastich, G. : pertaining to the exer- 
 cise of the naked body, see GYMVASE : 
 Ex. Medicina gymnastica, L., giftMuistic 
 medicine. Substantively employed, it sig- 
 nifies Gymnastics (die ffi/mna^ti/c, oder die 
 wissenschaft des leibesubur.gfen, G.), or 
 the gymnastic art, yvftvafriKn (*'<-'X;''K), 
 ars gi/nmasf.ica, L. 
 
 GYMNOCARPE, adj. (yt/,u.\ios, naked, KK^~ 
 KOS, fruit). GYMXOCARPES, pi., G>/mno- 
 carpi, L. : a term, in Botany, applied, by 
 Persoon, to an Older, or Tribe, of Fungi ; 
 comprehending those genera in which the 
 sporu/es, situated on the exterior of the 
 plant, are said to be naked. 
 
 GYMNOSPERMIE, s. f., gymnospermia, 
 f. (yu^voy, naked, <rfi^fca, seed), Ij., die 
 gymnospermie, oder dieOrdnung (die erste 
 der 14 Linne'schen klasse) der pflanzen 
 mit nackten samen, G. : in Botany, the J st 
 Order of the 14th Linnean Class of plants, 
 
 comprehending those, plantes gymno- 
 
 spermes ou gymnospermiques, F., plantse 
 gymnosperma, vel gymnospermicce, L., die 
 gymnospcrmisten, G., with naked, or appa- 
 rently naked, seeds. These plants consti- 
 tute the Natural Order, Labiatce, see
 
 GYN 
 
 GYMNOTE, ou GYMNOKOTE, s. m. : in 
 Zoology, a genus of Osseous Fishes, Gym- 
 notus, or Gi/mnonolus, L. ; characterized 
 by the absence of a dorsal fin (yt/^vos, na- 
 ked, vuros, back); and belonging to the 
 Malacoptirygiens, Apodes, of Cuvier ; and 
 comprehending several species. One of 
 these, the electrical eel, G. electricus, 
 le g. electrique, F., der zitteraal, electris- 
 cher aal, G., an inhabitant of the rivers 
 and stagnant waters of South America, 
 and attaining the length of five or six feet, 
 is remarkable for the faculty which it pos- 
 sesses, of secreting an electrical fluid ; by 
 the voluntary discharge of which, the 
 smaller animals, destined for its prey, are 
 destroyed ; and Man and the larger Mam- 
 mifera, stricken with torpor. The elec- 
 trical apparatus of the gymnotus resembles, 
 in structure, the voltaic pile : and the in- 
 terior of the cells is filled with a gelatinous 
 substance. It is supplied by a system of 
 nerves emanating from the spinal chord, 
 and consisting of as many trunks as there 
 are vertebrae ; and receives, in addition, 
 branches from a large nerve which runs 
 directly from cranium to tail, above the 
 spine. All the ramifications of these va- 
 rious nerves are distributed on the alveoli 
 of the electrical organs. 
 
 At Demerara, this singular fish is said 
 to be employed, as the torpedo in Abyssi- 
 nia, for the cure of paralysis. It is stated, 
 by some writers, as an extraordinary fact, 
 not confirmed, however, by Humboldt, 
 in his valuable Memoir sur FAnguille elec- 
 trique, Recueil d' Observations de Zoologie, 
 p. 49, that women, suffering from ner- 
 vous or hectic fever, can handle the gym- 
 notus with impunity ; and even interrupt, 
 by their introduction into the chain form- 
 ed for it, the transit of the electrical cur- 
 rent produced by the fish. The flesh, of 
 mucilaginous consistence and unpleasant 
 odour, is eaten only by the negroes : while 
 that of another and non-electrical species, 
 G. (Bquilabiatus, Humboldt, Recueil, p. 
 47 plate x., is, on the contrary, much 
 prized as an article of diet. See Faune des 
 Medecins, vol. v., p. 524; pi. x., fig. 1. 
 
 GYNANDRIE, s. f., gynandria, i. (yuv, 
 woman, avjj, avS^oV, man), L., die gynan- 
 drie, G. : in Botany, the designation of the 
 
 GYR 
 
 20th Class in the Linnean System ; compre- 
 hending those plants pltmtesgynandi iques, 
 F., plantse gynandriceej-,. wribm'annliche 
 pflanzen, G., in which, as in the Orchi- 
 dece, the stamen, or male, is implanted on 
 the pistil, or female organ, rvvafya;, gy- 
 nandrus, L. : an individual partaking of 
 both male and female characters, an her- 
 maphrodite. 
 
 GYNANTHUOPE, s. m.. gynanthropus, 
 m. (same), L. : an hermaphrodite, who ex- 
 hibits more of the male Ihanjemale sex. 
 
 GyjrfccoLooiE, s. f., gynaecologia, f. 
 (yj/v>), woman, Aeyoj, a discourse), L., die 
 lehrevon der natur, den krankheiten, usw. 
 der u-eibcr, G., the doctrine of the nature, 
 diseases, and so forth, of woman. GYwfc- 
 COPHYSIOLOGIE, s. f., gunsecopliysiologia, 
 f. (same terms, with the interposition of 
 Quins, nature), L., the physiology : GTT- 
 NECOTOMiE,s.f., -gunPcotomia,f. (yuvti , 
 <rop.y, dissection), L., the anatomy, or dis- 
 section, of the human female. 
 
 GYNECOMANIE, s. f, yuva/xo^av/a, lite- 
 rally, an inordinate love for women (ywri, 
 woman, pavia, madness), gynsecomania, 
 f L., die tollheit aus ubermassigen weiber- 
 liebe, G. : incorrectly employed, by some 
 writers, as a synonym of NYMPHOMANIE. 
 
 GYNECOMASE, s. m., <yutmcixofs.ei(r0i>s, 
 gynaecomastos, m. L. : a man, with the 
 breasts of a female, ein mann mit weib- 
 lichen briisten, G. 
 
 GYNOBASE, s. f., gynobasis, f. (yuri, a 
 female, /3V<j, a base), L., fruchtknotten- 
 wullst, m. G. : a term, in Botany, applied, 
 by De Candolle, to the swollen base of a 
 solitary style ; when surmounting, as in 
 Ochna, the cells of a divided ovary. 
 
 GYPSE, s. m., yv^os, -gypsum, n. L., 
 gyps, m. G. : a variety of native sulphu- 
 ret of lime. GYPSEUX, adj., gypseus, 
 gypsartig : composed of, or containing, 
 gypsum: Ex. Roches gypseuses,Y ., gypseous 
 rocks ; eau gypseuse, a gypseous water. 
 
 GYHOME, s. m., gyroma, n. (-yvgapa, a 
 gyre or circle), L.., kreisschiisselchen, n. 
 G. : in Botany, according to some writers, 
 the conceptacle, forming an orbicular pro- 
 tuberance in the thallus of certain Lichens'? 
 to Linnaeus and Link, the elastic ring 
 which surrounds the fructification of the 
 Ferns. 
 
 H. 
 
 II AB 
 
 HABITATION, s. f., habitatio, f. ( habi- 
 tare, to dwell), L., oixvins, wohnung, be- 
 wohnung, f. G. : the country or site, ha- 
 bitation, not, according to the vulgar ab- 
 breviation, habitat, in which an animal 
 lives, or a plant spontaneously grows ; the 
 peculiar climate or abode preferred by an 
 303 
 
 HAB 
 
 organized being. HABITABLE, adj., ha- 
 bitabilis, oixnras, wohnbar, bewohnbar, 
 fitted for habitation. 
 
 HABITUDE, s. f., habitudo, assuetudo, 
 f. L., Way, 'ihirpa,, Murfios, gewohnheit, f. 
 G., habit, custom : the frequent or sus- 
 tained repetition of the same act ; the dis-
 
 HAL 
 
 position resulting from, and rendering ne- 
 cessary, such act. Hab. eiterieure du corps, 
 V., habitus, L., ?|/f, *arairTv;, ha- 
 bit: in Natural History and Physiology, 
 the peculiarities of character exhibited, by 
 the whole exterior of an animal or plant, 
 to the eye of the Naturalist ; or of the 
 human body, especially as regards volume, 
 attitude, and complexion, to the observa- 
 tion of the Medical Physiognomist. For 
 the applications of the term to the inter- 
 nal condition of the body, see CACHEXIE, 
 and EUEXIE. 
 
 HALE INK, s. f., halitus, spiritus, m. 
 Li., drfios, athem,odem, m.G., breath : 
 an admixture of nitrogen, carbonic acid 
 gas, and aqueous vapour holding an ani- 
 mal matter in solution ; which issues from 
 the lungs in expiration. The principal 
 alterations of the breath, in a pathological 
 view, relate to its temperature and pecu- 
 liarities of odour. HALITUE.UX, adj., 
 halituosus, a,Tf*.oiins, loaded with va- 
 pour: Chaleur , peau halilueuse, F., a 
 moist heat, a damp or humid skin. 
 
 HALIOTIDE, ou HALYOTIDE, s. f. : in 
 Zoology, a genus of Univalve Shells, Ha- 
 liotis, I*,, das Seeohr, G., Venus' ear, or 
 Sea-Ear; so designated from its striking 
 resemblance, in figure, to the human car ; 
 and distinguished from the nearly-allied 
 Sigaretus, by its perforated disk. The two 
 principal species are the common, H. tu- 
 ber culata, 1'A. commune, onnier, oreilte de 
 mer, F., the tiaxdrrto* oSg, of Aristotle, 
 an inhabitant of the European and Atlan- 
 tic oceans; and the gigantic, H. gigantea, 
 tubifera,Lam. Yh.geante, of the coasts 
 of New Holland. The animal, a gastero- 
 podous Molluscum, of singularly elegant 
 construction, ordinarily adheres, like the 
 Patella, to rocks ; and constitutes an arti- 
 cle of diet among the poor of the maritime 
 districts in which it is found. 
 
 HALLUCINATION, s. f., hallucinatio, f. 
 fhallitcinor, to blunder or mistake), L. : 
 the error, <rXv, missgriff, m.G., of an 
 individual who believes that he hears, sees, 
 or distinguishes by smell, taste, and even 
 touch, sounds or objects, not act u a /ly pre- 
 sent. Hallucination invariably results from 
 lesion of the cerebral organs. 
 
 HALO, s. m. : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, to the coloured rig,der ring um die 
 
 briistwarze, G., which encircles, see 
 
 AKKOLE, the female nipple; from its re- 
 semblance to the circle, halo, m. L., 
 at/u>;, hof, m. G., which surrounds the 
 sun, moon, or planets, when the luminous 
 rays, emanating from those bodies, suffer 
 refraction in their passage through a mist. 
 
 HALOCHIMIE, s. f., halochemia, f. (Xf, 
 salt, xnptia., see CHIMIE), L., salzche- 
 mie, f. G. : that department of Chemistry 
 which treats of the history of salts. 
 
 304 
 
 HAR 
 
 HALOGENE, s. m., halogenium, n. (Xf, 
 yiwau, to produce). L. : a term propos- 
 ed, by Schweigger, for the designation of 
 chlorine. 
 
 HALOGRAPHIE, s. f., halographia, f. L., 
 salzbeschreibung, f. G. : HALOLOGIE, s. 
 f., halologia, f. L. : HALOTECHNIE, s. f., 
 haloteclinia, f. L., salzbereitungskunst, 
 f. G. : compounds of the Greek, a'Xs, salt r 
 with y^dqiu, A.yf, and T^VJJ ; respectively 
 employed, by the French lexicographers, 
 to signify a description of. , Treatise on , 
 or the art of preparing the various sails. 
 HALURGIE, s. f., halurgia, f. (s tme, and 
 'iy^oi, work), L.. : the process of extracting 
 or manufacturing salts. 
 
 HAME9ON, s. m., hamus, hamulus, un- 
 cus, m. L., a.<yxi;rgt>v, haken, m. G.,-^a 
 hook. HAME'JONNE, adj., hamatus, a.y- 
 x.nrrgu<ros, hakenformig, G., hooked : an 
 epithet employed, in Zoology and Botany, 
 to designate animals and plants ; whose or- 
 gans, as the loicer jaiv of Sal mo hamatus, and 
 the calyx of Valerianellu hamata, are elong- 
 ated, and bent in the figure of a hook. 
 
 HAMPE, s. f., scapus, m. L., schaft, 
 m. G., scape or shaft : in Botany, an her- 
 baceous stem without leaf or branch; and 
 solely destined, as in Hyacinlhns and Le- 
 ontodon, to elevate and sustain the parts 
 of fructification above the root. 
 
 HAMULAIRE, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus- 
 of Entozoary Animals, ffamularia, L,., 
 characterized by their linear and cylindri- 
 cal body, and obtuse head armed, below, 
 with two projecting hooks i and arranged, by 
 Cuvier, among the Intestinaux Cavitaires; 
 by Rudolphi, the Entozoa, Nematoidca. 
 One species only, H. lymphatica vel sub- 
 compressa, Yhamul. des poumons, F., has 
 yet been discovered in the human subject. 
 It existed in the enlarged bronchial p lands, 
 and adjacent lymphatic vessels, of a pul- 
 monic. Rudoiphi, in his last work, En- 
 tozoornm Synopsis, p. 7, has transferred 
 it to the genus Filaria, see FILAIRE. By 
 some writers, it is regarded as nearly alli- 
 ed to the Ascaris bronchialis, of Gmelin 
 See Faune des Medecins, vol. v., p. 339. 
 
 HANCHE, s. f, ayxn, i<rx'n>*, coxa, f., 
 ischion, n. L., hiif'te, f. G., haunch : 
 that part of the body which, in certain. 
 Mammifera, is formed by the expansion of 
 the iliac bones, and surrounding soft parts. 
 In Zoology, the designation of the first 
 
 Eiece, or inter-articular portion, of the 
 mb of articulated Animals. 
 
 HAPPEMENT, s. m. : a term employed 
 to express that adhesion to the tongue, 
 h. a / tongue, F., anh'dngen an diezunge, 
 G., which certain minerals contract, 
 when placed in contact with that organ. 
 
 HARENG, s. m. : a species, in Ichthyo- 
 logy, belonging to the genus Clupea, see 
 CLUPEE.
 
 HEC 
 
 HARICOT, s. m, : a genus, in Botany, 
 Phaseolus ( Diadelphia, decandr. ; Legumi- 
 nosee), L., die Phaseole, G., Kidney- 
 Bean ; comprehending numerous species 
 and varieties : the farinaceous seeds of 
 which, and their legumes, especially those 
 ot the common kidney-bean, Ph. vulgaris, 
 1'A. commun, P., die gemeine bohne oder 
 phaseole, G., are extensively employed 
 in diet. The genus derives its Latin de- 
 signation from Phasclliis, a little boat ; to 
 which the legume of the plants composing 
 it, exhibits a resemblance. 
 
 HARMON IE, s. f., a^ov/a, harmonia, 
 fl L. : in Anatomy, an immoveable articu- 
 lation, in which the eminences and depres- 
 sions of the constituent pieces are so 
 slightly marked that the bones appear to 
 be united by simple apposition of their 
 corresponding surfaces. The osseous con- 
 nection by harmony, la suture fausse ou 
 superficielle, of French , sutura spuria vel 
 notha, of Latin , and die falsche naht, of 
 German Anatomists, is well illustrated in 
 the mode of union of the superior maxil- 
 lary , and ot the nasal bones. 
 
 HASTE, adj., hastatus,L., spiessfb'rm- 
 ig, G. : an epithet employed, in Botany, to 
 designate plants whose leaves, like those of 
 Ammannia hastata, and Leontodon hostile, 
 are halbert- shaped : in Zoology, certain 
 Cheiroptera, whose nasal membrane, as that of 
 Ph'/llostoma hastatum, exhibits a like figure. 
 
 HAUSTELLES, s. m. pi., Haustellata, L : 
 a term, in Entomology, applied, by Mac- 
 leay, to a division of true Insects; compre- 
 hending all those whose mouth, on their ar- 
 rival at the adult state, is furnished with an 
 organ of suction, haustellum, L., instead 
 of mandibles, seeM ANDIBULES. Seven of 
 the fourteen Orders, under which Insects 
 are arranged by modern Entomologists, 
 see Stephens, Systematic Catalogue of Brit- 
 ish Insects, 8vo., London, 1829, belong to 
 Haustellata ; and the remaining seven to 
 Mandibulata. 
 
 H ECT icor YRE, s. f. , hecticopyra,f. (?|<f , 
 the constitution, <rve,a. fever), L., die hek- 
 tik, zehrfieber, n. G., hectic fever. 
 
 HECTIQUE, adj., txnxas, hecticus, Ij., 
 hektisch,G., nectic: an epithetapplied, 
 in Pathology, to a morbid condition of the 
 system signalized by emaciation as its prin- 
 cipal symptom; and by fever, Fievrehec- 
 tiqne, IX.TIX.OS -rv^ro;, febris hectica, L., 
 das hektische fieber, G., of peculiar type 
 and character. The affection .s so designat- 
 ed, either from its constitutional nature or 
 origin, or from the especial exertion of its 
 influence upon the exterior habit of the bo- 
 dy, ?|/,-. HECTISIE, s. f. : the condition 
 of an individual suffering from hectic fever, 
 see ETIQUE, and HECTICOPYRE. 
 
 HECTOGRAMME, s. m., hecto-gramma, 
 n. (ixarov, a hundred, yja^^aa/ovj see 
 
 305 
 
 HEL 
 
 GRAMME), L. : the weight of one hundred 
 French scruples, 
 
 HECTOLITRE, s. m. : a measure contain 
 ing one hundred French litres. See L.ITRE 
 
 HfcDERfc,adj., hederaceus, L., ephen- 
 artig, G. : an epithet employed, in Phar- 
 macy, to designate a gum-resin, Resine hi- 
 deree (vulgarly, gommedelierrej, F., which 
 exudes from the trunk of the ivy, Hedera 
 helix, der ephen, G.: in Botany, a plant, 
 Glechoma hederacea, the Ground-/0y, of 
 English Botanists. 
 
 HEDRA, s. f. (sSja), F. et L. : 1. a lesion 
 of the skull, eine verletzung am schadel, 
 G., which has left merely a trace behind : 
 2. according to the Ancients, sometimes 
 the breech or anus, der hintere, das ges- 
 ass, G. ; sometimes an evacuation from the 
 bowels, sedes, L. : or 3. the depending part 
 of an abscess : 4. the facette of a crystal, 
 die seitenflache eines krystalls, G. 
 
 HELCTIQ.UE, adj., helcticus (i*.xu, to 
 draw), L,,: an epithet employed, in Mate- 
 ria Medica, to designate those remedies, 
 TO. l^xrixa, remedia elctica, L., die zug- 
 mittel, z/eAmittel, G., which exert a 
 drawing or derivative effect : hence synon. 
 with EPISPASTIQUE. 
 
 HELCYDRION, s. m., iAxt^/ov, helcy- 
 drium, n. L. : a small ulceration, especial- 
 ly of the cornea, ein kleines geschwiir, 
 bes. auf der hornhaut, G. 
 
 HELCYSTER, s. m., F. et L., l^xutrr^ : 
 in Obstetrics, according to Hippocrates, a 
 pointed hook for extraction of the child 
 from the uterus, ein scharfer haken zum 
 ausziehen des kindes aus dem uterus, G., 
 of the mother. 
 
 HELICE, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 Univalve Shells, Helix, L.., die Scnnirkel- 
 schnecke, G., the Snail-shell, inhabited 
 by a gasteropodous Molluscar Animal ( Pul- 
 mones Terreslres Conchyliferes, Cuv.), com- 
 prizing numerous species: several of which 
 are still employed, upon the continent, in 
 Medicine and Diet. Of these, the prin- 
 cipal are H. pomatia, h. vigneronne, limacon 
 commun, grand escargot, esc. des vignes, F., 
 distinguished by its greater size ',aspersa, 
 h. des haies ; naticoides (the pomatia, of 
 . Dioscorides and Pliny, and, probably, coca- 
 lia, xo%*.'ius ? of Aristotle), the most de- 
 licate and digestible of the edible Molluwa; 
 and al'jira, limacon peson,; of coriaceous 
 texture, eaten only by the poor. H. me- 
 lanostoma, variabilis, pisana, vermiculata, ar- 
 bustorum, nemoralis, and hortensis, may be 
 added to them. In France, Switzerland, 
 and Germany, the different species of He- 
 lix are preserved, and fattened for the ta- 
 ble, in parks or receptacles, termed snaille- 
 ries, escargotieres, F. The alimentary and 
 medicinal properties of the animal are evi- 
 dently much influenced by the nature of 
 its food : for the ingestion of three snails
 
 HEL 
 
 taken from a ditch where Conium and Hy- 
 oscyamus grew, has been known to induce 
 symptoms of poisoning: and the excessive 
 use of these Mollusca in diet, to have been 
 followed by the invasion of narcotism and 
 stupor. The employment of the snail as 
 a popular remedy for phthisis, is not yet 
 abandoned in this country. 
 
 The snail is hermaphrodite ; and exhi- 
 bits, when mutilated, extraordinary pow- 
 ers of reproduction. It subsists on vege- 
 tables ; and frequently commits great de- 
 predations in the garden. On the approach 
 of winter, it retires under ground, or be- 
 neath a stone ; closes the orifice of its shell 
 with a calcareous lid, epiphragmp, F., 
 which is not detached till spring ; and pas- 
 ses the intervening montns in a state of 
 hyemal torpor. See Dictionnaire Universal 
 de Matiere Medicals, v. iii., p. 463. 
 
 HELICIEN, adj. : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to two muscles of the external 
 ear : as 1. H. grand, F., helicis major, L., 
 grosser muskel der ohrleiste, G. ; which 
 passes from the upper and acute part of 
 the helix, anteriorly, to its cartilage above 
 the tragus : and 2. minor ; for an ac- 
 count of which, see CONCHO-HELICI EN. 
 
 HkLix, s. m. F., f. I*., '{^(Ix'iffffw, to 
 twist round), saum, m., leiste, f. G. : in 
 Anatomy, the nearly semi-circular fold or 
 border, der rand des iiussern ohrs, der 
 aussere ohrkreiss, G., which surrounds 
 the cartilage of the external ear. Com- 
 mencing about the centre of the concha, 
 above the meatus auditorius, it terminates, 
 on one hand, continuously with the lobe of 
 the ear; on the other, with the antihelix, 
 see ANTHELIX, from which it is sepa- 
 rated by a depression, designated Rainure 
 de rhelix, F. In Zoology, the Latin gene- 
 ric name of the snail, see HELICE : in 
 Botany, the specific designation of the 
 common ivy, see HEDERE. HELICOIDE, 
 adj., i>.ixaiiStii, helicoides, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied, by ancient Anatomists, to the 
 tunica vaginalis of the spermatic chord. 
 
 HELLEBORE, s. in. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Helleborus ( Polyandria, polygyn. ; Ranun- 
 culacea, vel Helleboraceas),^., a 'ExxiSogay, 
 die Nieswurz.G., the Hellebore ; com- 
 prehending several poisonous species : hence 
 the name, Ixeiv, to kill, j, fodder. Of 
 these species, the following are especially 
 deserving of notice for their powerful me- 
 dicinal properties : 1. the black, or Christ- 
 mas Rose, H. niger, h. noir, F., ftiXa.^- 
 <ro$iav,of the ancients, schwarze nieswurz, 
 Christwurz, of the Germans, hellebore 
 negro, of the Portuguese ; 2. the stinking, 
 or Bear's-foot , H. faetidus, h.fitide, helle- 
 borasler, of the shops, stinkende nieswurz, 
 frequently confounded with 3. the green, 
 H. viridis, h. vert, a common Europe- 
 an plant, eulogized by French writers, as 
 
 306 
 
 HEL 
 
 the most active of the genus, and exhibit- 
 ing a close affinity, in character and ope- 
 ration, to 4. the officinal, IL orient alls vel 
 o/ficinalis, h. oriental, a native of the east 
 the zopleme, of the Turks, and probably 
 the I'eal lxxss P.&U.S, of ancie:it Greek 
 writers, The leaves and roots of all these 
 species are violently cathartic ; and said 
 to be diuretic, entmenagogue, and cermifuge. 
 For a more particular account of their 
 medicinal history and properties, seeGme- 
 lin, Allgem. Geschichte der PJlanxengifte, p. 
 622, 609 ; Roques, Phytoamphie Medicate, 
 v, ii., p. 117; Florc Medicate, v. iii.; and 
 Dictionnaire Unit: de Matiere Mvd., v. iii., 
 p. 466 : and, for that of //. blanc, and other 
 plants erroneously referred to the Helle- 
 bore genus, the Articles VAB AIRE, et VK- 
 RATRUM. See, also, MELAMPODE. 
 
 French and German Officinal Prepara- 
 tions of Helleborus nigcr. An Extract, 
 Extractum Hellebori Nigri, Ph. Gall., 
 Sohwarzes Niesswurz-Extract, G. ; and a 
 Tincture, Tinctura de liadicibus Helle- 
 bori Nigri, Schwarze Niesswurztinctur. 
 
 HEI.LEBOREES, s. f., pi., HeL'eboracece, 
 Helleboreee, L. : in Botany, according to 
 De Candolle, a Tribe, or Section, of the 
 Natural Family of the Ranunculacete ; 
 having for its type, the Hellebore genus. 
 
 HELLEBORISME, s. m., IxxsJ^ir^oj, 
 helleborismus, m. L. : in ancient Medi- 
 cine, purgation with , das puigiren 
 durch Helleborus, G , or the treatment 
 of diseases by Hellebore. See Huhnen- 
 zann, Diss. Historico-Medica de Helleboris- 
 mo Veterum, 8vo., Lipsiie, 1812. 
 
 HELMINTHAGOGUE, adj., helmintha- 
 gogus (iXjcuvf, 'i\pt*6os, a worm, ayca, to ex- 
 pel), L. : an epithet employed, in Materia 
 Medica, to designate those substances, die 
 wurmmittel, G., which are calculated to 
 effect the expulsion of worms from the in- 
 testinal canal. Hence synon. with AN- 
 
 THELMINTHIQUE, and VERMIFUGE. 
 
 HELMINTHES, s. m. pi., fafiivfts, hel- 
 minthes, L., die Wiirmer, G. : a term 
 employed, by Dume'ril, to designate the 
 Family of the Entozoaria, see ENTOZO- 
 AIRE, or Intestinal Worms. Jti-lminthi- 
 on, Helminthium, n. L., lA/s/v&av, wiirm- 
 chen, n. G-, a little worm, especially the 
 thread-worm, formerly the Ascarix vermi- 
 cularis, see ASCARIDE, of systematic zo- 
 ologists, der springwurm, oder die aska- 
 ride, of the German and ix^/vj ourxapi;, of 
 Greek writers. 'EX^/V^SJJS, adj., helmin- 
 thodes, helminthoides, L., wurmiihnlich, 
 wurmartig,wurmformig,G helminthoid, 
 resembling an intestinal worm. 
 
 HELMINTHIASE, s. f., helminthiasis, f. 
 L., wurmkrankheit, f. G., worm-dis- 
 ease : the morbid state induced by the 
 presence, and irritation, of an intestinal 
 worm, tXfuvs. Syn. with HEL.MINTUIA-
 
 ia, f. 
 iscourse), 
 
 HEM 
 
 StE, s. f., which constitutes the 8th gnus 
 of the Gaslroses, in tlie Nosoloyie Natwelle, 
 of Alibert. 
 
 HELM INT JIIUUE, adj., helminthicus, 
 Ij ___ warmer betreffend, dadurch leidend, 
 davon herrlihrend, G., helminthic, per- 
 taining to, suffering or proceeding from, 
 intestinal worms, l^ivhs. Ilelmmthica re- 
 media, L., wwrmniittel, G. : more cor- 
 rectly expressed by the adjectives AN- 
 
 THkl.MINTHHiUE, HEL3HNTHAGOGUE, 
 
 VERMIFUGE. 
 
 HELMINTHOCORTOX. See MotfssE de 
 Corse. 
 
 HELMIKTHOT.OGIF, s. f., hehnintholo- 
 j, an intestinal worm, Keys:, a 
 I*, - helminthologie, wurm- 
 lehre, f. G. : that part of Medical Zoology 
 which treats upon intestinal worms. See 
 Joerdens, Entomolnrjie und Helntinthologic 
 des mensfftlichen Korperx, fol., Hof., 1801, 
 1802. HEI,MINTHOLOGIQUE, adj., hel- 
 minthnlogicus, hehninthologisch, - hel- 
 minthological, pertaining to Hi'lminthologij. 
 
 HELMIXTHOPYHE, s. f., helminthopy- 
 ra, f. (iXftiv;, Tyg, or more correctly, irvgs- 
 rV, fever), L., wurmfieber, n. G., 
 worm-fever. 
 
 HET,OPYRE,S., helopyra(s'x,amarsh, 
 -rti^i-ro;, fever), febris paludosa, L., 
 sumpiiieber, n. G., marsh-fever. 
 
 HEI.OSIS, s. f. (ilx'siu, to turn or roll), F, 
 et L., eversion of the eye-lids, renr.erse- 
 ment des paitpieres, F., das umkehren der 
 augenlieder, G. ; a spasmodic distortion, 
 from convulsion of the muscles, of the eye. 
 
 HEMAGOGUE, adj., hsemagogus (ou^n, 
 blood, Kyra, to expel), L. : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Materia Medica, to designate 
 remedies which operate by determining 
 the menstrual or hcemorrhoidalflux. 
 
 HEMAI.OFIE,S., a'ifta.Xu'4' (aipa, blood, 
 
 u^, the eye), hzemalopia, haemalops, f. 
 L,., blutunterhnijung bes. am auge, blut- 
 auge, n. G., extravasation of blood, espe- 
 cially within the eye-ball. 
 
 H!-;MAPHOBE. adj., hsemaphobus (same, 
 and (pttos, dread), L. : an epithet applied 
 to Individuate who KrepamfteMyaffeotedbv 
 the spectacle of blood. H LMAPHOBIE, s. f., 
 haemaphobia, f. L., blutscheu, f. G., 
 horror of blood. 
 
 HL-;MASTATIQUE, s. f., hsemnstatice, f. 
 I,., hsemastatik, f. G. : that part of Phy- 
 siol gy which treats of the forces inherent 
 in the blond-vessels. Hcemastaticus, vel has- 
 matostaficns, adj., I,.: an epithet applied, in 
 Phvsiologv, to the doctrine of vascular ac- 
 tion, doctrina hosmatostatica, L., or of 
 the motions of the blod^ die lehre von 
 der Wwilbewegung, G., hence synon. with 
 HEMOSTATIUUE : in Materia Medica, to 
 rerriedies, remedia heBinatostatica, I-.., Itlnt- 
 stilleude mittel, G., which possess the 
 property of arresting htemorrhayt'. 
 
 307 
 
 HEM 
 
 HEMATAPORIE, s. f., hcentetaporia, f. 
 (ulp.a, blood, 5rag/a, defect), L. : an ill-con- 
 structed synonym of ANEMIE. 
 
 HEMATEMESE, s. f., haematemesis, f. 
 (same, and ipine, vomiting), L., blutbre- 
 chen, n. G. : in Pathology, vomiting of 
 blood which has exuded from the mucous 
 membrane of the stomach. Synon. with 
 HEMATEMESIE, s. f. ; which constitutes 
 the 15th genus of the Angioses, in the No- 
 soloffie Naturclle, of Alibert. Hamatemeti- 
 cus, adj. L., hamatemesis betreffend, da- 
 ran leidend, davon herriihrend usw., . 
 pertaining to, suffering or proceeding 
 from, hceintitoiiesis. 
 
 HEMATINE, s. f., hsematina, f. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a colouring matter containing 
 azote ; and obtained, by Chevreul, from 
 Hcematoxylon Campechiannm, in minute 
 scales, of a white rose-colour and metallic 
 appearance. Taste slightly astringent, 
 bitter, and acrid. Much less soluble in 
 cold than in boiling water. Solution turns 
 yellow and red on addition of an excess of 
 the stronger acids ; blue, with the alcalis 
 and many of the oxydes. It precipitates 
 gelatine in reddish flocculi ; and is only 
 employed to detect the presence of the 
 acids and alcalis. 
 
 HEMATITE, s. f., tupu<ftmt()36tt), hae- 
 matites, m. LH ? hamatit, blutstein, m. G., 
 blood-stone : an oxyde of iron, so desig- 
 nated, either because it exhibits a dull-red 
 colour, or is supposed to possess the pro- 
 perty of arresting htsmorrhaye. Al/u.itr7ri; 
 <f^\^, a Wood-vessel. 
 
 HEMATOCELE, s. , haematocele, f. (al- 
 PK, blood, XJJ'AW, a swelling), L., blut- 
 bruch, m. G. : a term literally signifying 
 a tumour formed by blood ; but employed, 
 in Surgical Pathology, to designate, ex- 
 clusively, a swelling consequent on extra- 
 vasation of ulood either into the cellular 
 tissue of the scrotum ; into the cavity of 
 the tunica vaginalis ; or into the substance 
 of the testicle itself. These three varieties 
 of hicmatocele respectively constitute the 
 hem. scrotale, vaginale, and testiculaire, 
 of French pathological writers. 
 
 HEMATOCEPHALE, s. m., hsematoce- 
 phalum, n. (same, and xsipaX, the head), 
 1,. : a term applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hi- 
 iah-e, to monsters ; in whom extravasation 
 of blood into the cerebral hemispheres has in- 
 duced strange deviations from the natural 
 figure of the parts. 
 
 HEMATOCU^SIE, s , hsematochezia, 
 (;,, ?X to go to stool), L., a bloody 
 stool, ein blutiger stuhlgang, G. 
 
 HEMATODE, adj., xifAUTotiSris, a.'ip.aru- 
 $vs, hsematodes, haematoides, L., cruen- 
 tus, sanguinolentus,L., blutahnlich, blut- 
 ig, G., bloody, of the nature, or appear- 
 ance, of blood. Under the objectionable 
 designation of Fum/its heernatodes, divers 
 
 X2
 
 HEM 
 
 cancerous or malignant tumours, in which 
 the inflammatory process is complicated 
 with the development of a morbid struc- 
 ture, and frequent haemorrhages, are in- 
 cluded by British surgeons. The French, 
 on the contrary, apply it to swellings 
 heretofore termed by them, anormal, ca- 
 vernous, varicose, the erectile, of Dupuy- 
 tren.and Hematoncles, of Alibert. "What- 
 ever be their acceptation," observes a 
 French lexicographer, u the terms, Fungus 
 hosmatodes," a barbarous conjunction of 
 Latin and Greek, "should be rejected from 
 the language of medicine : since they ex- 
 press no clear idea ; and terms, derived 
 from ordinary language, may always be 
 advantageously substituted for them." 
 
 HEMATOGRAPHTE,s.f., hsematographia, 
 f. (aJjtta, the blood, y^<i$u, to describe),L., 
 haematographie, f. G., a description of the 
 blood. HEMATOLOGIE, s. f., hsematologia, 
 f. (same, and \'oyt>;, a discourse), L., hama- 
 tologie. blutlehre, f. G., a Treatise (see 
 John Hunter's) onthe blood. 
 
 HEMATOMPHALE, s. f., hsematompha- 
 lum, n. (same, and /*<pA.s, the navel), L., 
 blutnabelbruch, m. G., umbilical hernia, 
 with a bloody serum contained in the sac ; 
 or exhibiting on its surface many varicose 
 veins. HEMATOMPHALOCELE, s. f. (same 
 compound, with the addition of xfati, an 
 hernial tumour) : syn with the preceding. 
 
 HEMATONCIE, s. f., haematoncus, m. 
 L. : the designation applied, by Alibert, 
 to Fungus haematodes ; which constitutes 
 the 10th genus of the Angioses, or 6th Fa- 
 mily, in the Nosologie Naturelle. 
 
 HEMATOSE, s. f., a/^ar&xr/j, hsemato- 
 sis, sanguificatio, f. L.., blutbereitung, f. 
 G., sanguification : in ordinary language, 
 the conversion of chyle into blood by the 
 process of respiration ; but, according to 
 modern physiological views, Reformation 
 of blood in general. A new French com- 
 pound, HE'MATOPOIESE, s. f, with its La- 
 tin synonym, Haematopoiesis ; and the 
 corresponding adjective, HEMATOPOIE- 
 TIQUE, drawn immediately from the Greek, 
 it'lfji.oi'ro'jfoinTixos (etifiet) blood, foi'iu, to make), 
 haematopoeticus, L., blutmachend, G., 
 might be advantageously introduced into 
 the language of medicine. Iron, from its 
 well-known influence upon the blood, was 
 termed, by the Ancients, Metallum hcema- 
 topoeticum, or the blood-making metal. 
 
 HEMATOSFILIE, s. f., hsematospilia, f. 
 L. : a designation, in Pathology, applied, 
 by Alibert, to spots of a red or purple, 
 black or bluish, livid or violet hue, attend- 
 ed by an almost incessant haemorrhage from 
 the orifices of the mucous membranes. It 
 constitutes the 12th genus of the Angioses. 
 
 HEMATOXINE, s. f. See HEMATINE. 
 
 HE"MATURIE, s. f., hsematuria, haema- 
 turesis, f. (aTpa, blood, oSpnrn, the evacua- 
 
 308 
 
 HEM 
 
 tion of urine), L., blutharnen, n. G< : in 
 Pathology, the excretion of pure blood, or 
 an admixture of blood and urine, from the 
 bladder. Haematuria may be correctly dis- 
 tinguished into three varieties, the renal, 
 ureteric, and vesical, Mhemat. renale, urt- 
 terale, et vesicale, according as the 
 source of the haemorrhage exists in the 
 kidney, ureter, or urinary bladder. 
 
 HEMERALOPE, adj., haemeralopus, L. '. 
 an epithet applied to an individual, ein 
 nachtblinder, G., affected with HEM- 
 RALOPIE, s. f., hemeralopia, f. (fipiget, day, 
 ovrop.a.1, to see), L., hemeralopie, nacht- 
 blindheit, f. G., a lesion of sight which 
 consists in the inability to discern objects 
 while the sun is below the horizon. The 
 power of vision gradually declines on the 
 approach of night ; and returns only with 
 return of day. This condition is frequently 
 the precursor of Amaurosis ; and directly 
 opposed, in character, to N YCTALOPIE. 
 
 HEMKROPATHIE, s. f., hemeropathia, 
 f. (ri/uien, a day, vti6os, a disease),!.. : a term 
 applied, in Pathology, to certain morbid 
 states or affections, which are observed only 
 by day , or last but one da//. 
 
 HEMICRAWIE, s. f., ^/x^av/a (%/Ai<rus, 
 half, X^KVIOV, the skull), hemicrania, f. L., 
 das halbseitige Jtopfwehe, G. : pain affect- 
 ing half only of the cranium. 'Hfiixgavixoi, 
 
 adj., hemicranicus. hemikranie betref- 
 
 fend, an migr'dne leidend, davon herriihr- 
 end : pertaining to, suffering or proceed- 
 ing from, hemicrania. 
 
 HEMIENCEPHALE, s. m. and adj., he- 
 micephalus, L., halbkopf, m. G. : a term, 
 or epithet, applied, by Geoff'roy-St.-Hi- 
 laire, to a monster in whom all the organs 
 of sense are annihilated, and their indices 
 still apparent in the face, indistinctly 
 marked ; but of whom the cranial vault 
 and brain exhibit nearly the natural con- 
 ditions. 
 
 HEMIOPIE, s. f , hemiopia, hemiopsia, 
 f. (%(jLi<rus, half, S*Ti>itKi, to see), L., halb- 
 sichtigkeit, f. G. : a peculiar condition of 
 the eye ; in which the patient discerns only 
 half of the object upon which the organ of 
 vision is directed. 
 
 HKMIPAGIE, s. f., hemipagia, f. L. : 
 fixed pain of one half of the head, a term 
 nearly synon. with HEMICRANIE. 
 
 HEMIPLEGIE, HEMIPLEXIE, s. f., vpi- 
 trXsl/a (xftiiru;, half, -rXfiinrtu, to Strike), 
 hemiplegia, hemiplexia, f.L., hemiplexie, 
 f., halbschlag, m. G. : paralysis affecting 
 one half of the body. 'H^/orXuxT/xof, adj., 
 hemiplecticus, an hemiplegie leidend, 
 hemiplegic, suffering from hemipleyia. 
 
 HEMIPTERE, adj., hemipterus (same, 
 and -rri^ov, a wing), L., hemipterous, 
 half-winged : an epithet employed, by 
 Linnaeus and succeeding Entomologists, 
 to designate an Order of the Class Insecta,
 
 HEM 
 
 HE"MIPTKRES, s. f. pi., Hemiptura, L., 
 die halbgeftugelten Insekten, Insekten 
 mit halben flitffeltlecken, G., comprehend- 
 ing all whose wings, like those of the Ci- 
 micidce, are covered by partial wing-cases, 
 elytra horny at the base and membranous 
 at the tip or summit. HEMIPTEROLOGIE, 
 s.f., hemipterologia,f.L. : a Treatise on : 
 HEMIPTEROLOGUE, s. m., hemipterolo- 
 gus, m. L., hemipterologist : a naturalist 
 especially devoted to the study of He~ 
 mipterous Insects, die Hemipteren, G. 
 
 HEMISPHERE, s. m., ^unpa/^av (same, 
 and <r<pu7ga, a sphere), hemispnerium, n. 
 L., halbkugel, f. G., hemisphere, the 
 half of a sphere or spheroidal body : a term 
 applied, in Anatomy, to the two halves, 
 hemlspheria cerebri, L., die hirnhalften, 
 G., of which the proper brain of Man 
 and many of the higher animals, is com- 
 posed : Ex. the right hemisphere of the 
 brain, die rechte halbktu/el des grossen 
 gehirns, G. In Geography, to the two 
 ideal halves, hem. du globe terrestre, F., 
 of the earth's globe. HEMISPHERIQUE, 
 HEMISPHEROIDE, adj., hemisphaericus, 
 hemisphaeroides, halbkugelig, halbkugel- 
 
 fb'rmig, hemispherical, exhibiting the^- 
 
 gure of an hemisphere : Ex. Recessus hemis- 
 pharicus vestibuli auris, L., die halbrunde 
 hohle im innern ohrvorhofe, G. 
 
 HEMITRITEE, s. f. : in Pathology, an 
 acute disease, -fievre hemitritee ou demi- 
 tierce,Y., yi^ir^ira.7t>s vupiros, febris hemi- 
 tritaea vel semitertiana, L.., halbdreit'dtiges 
 fieber,G. ; so named as exhibiting the mix- 
 ed characters of quotidian and tertian fever. 
 
 HEMOPHOBE, HEMOPHOBIE. See HE- 
 MAPHOBE. 
 
 HE MOPLANiE,s.f., hemoplania, f. (fc, 
 the blood, *rXav, error), L,, verriruug des 
 blutes, G. : an expression employed, in 
 Pathology, to denote the escape of blood 
 from any other part of the body, than that 
 by which it naturally issues ; as when hte- 
 morrhaf/e from the skin, ears, eyes, lungs, 
 or bladder, occurs vicariously of habitual 
 epistaxis, or of the hsemorrhoidal or men- 
 strual flux. 
 
 HknopROCTiE, s. f, hsemoproctis, f. 
 (same, and vgaxros, the anus), L.., haemor- 
 rhage from the rectum ; constituting the 
 19th genus of the Angioses in the Nosologie 
 Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 HEMOPTOI'UUE, HEMOPTYICIUE, adj. 
 See 
 
 HEMOPTYSIS, S. f., aifte^f-ruffis (a/^a, 
 blood, vrv/ris, spitting), crachement, ex- 
 pectoration de sang, F., haemoptysis, san- 
 guinis sputatio, f. L., blutspeien, n., 
 bluthusten, m. G., spitting , expectora- 
 tion of blood ; sanguineous exhalation from 
 the surface of the mucous membrane of 
 the bronchia. HEMOPTYSIQUE, adj., /- 
 ftoirru'iitoi, haemoptyicu&, hamoptysit be- 
 
 309 
 
 treffend, daran leidend, yon haemoptysit 
 herriihrend,usw., concerning,sufFering , 
 or resulting from, haemoptysis. 
 
 HEMORRAGIE, ou HEMORRHAGIE, s. f., 
 
 aiftoppa'yia (aJf&tt, blood, priyvvfAi, to burst 
 
 forth), haemorrhagia, f , fiuxus sanguinis, 
 m. L., hsemorrhagie, f., blutfluss, m. G. : 
 in Pathology, the escape of blood from one 
 of the natural orifices of the body ; the 
 appearance of blood upon the surface; the 
 morbid exhalation of blood from a tissue 
 which does not, in the natural state, fur- 
 nish it. Haemorrhage may be internal or 
 external ; and acquires its specific designa- 
 tion from the organ, or surface, into, or 
 upon, which it has been extravasated. 
 Haemorrhages, les HEMGRRHAGIES, F., 
 Haemorrhayice, L., die Haemorrhagien, G. 
 constitute a distinct Order of the Class, 
 Pyrexice in the Nosological Arrangement 
 of Cullen, and the 3rd Class of Diseases 
 in the Nosographie Philosophique, of Pinel. 
 
 H EMORRHAGIQUE, adj., aiftappa'yixos, 
 
 haemorrhagicus, zur hdmorrhagie gehor- 
 end, daran leidend, relating to, or suf- 
 fering from, an inordinate or profuse flow 
 of blood. 
 
 HiiMORRHEE,S.f., alp.'opj>tna.(a.*(*,a,\AoOQ., 
 
 p'iu, to flow) haemorrhosa, f. L. : a term 
 
 ordinarily employed as synon. with the 
 preceding ; by some writers, as a desig- 
 nation of passive haemorrhage. 
 
 HEMORRHINIE, s. f., hsemorrhinia, f. 
 (same, and piv, the nose), L. : the term em- 
 ployed, by Alibert, to designate Epistaxis, 
 or nasal haemorrhage. It constitutes the 
 14th genus of the Angioses, in his Nosolo- 
 gie Naturelle. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDAIRE, s. m. and adj., sub- 
 ject to the haemorrhoids or piles, Jiesmor- 
 rhoidibus obnoxius, L. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDAL, adj., haemorrhoidalis, 
 haemorrhoideus, L. : an epithet employed, 
 in Anatomy, to designate certain blood- 
 vessels, Vaisseaux hemorrhoidaux, F., 
 
 vasa heemorrhoidalia, L., blutgefasse des 
 rruistdarms, G., as distributed upon the 
 rectum, or seat of the haemorrhoids. Of 
 these, the hasmorrhoidal arteries, Arteres 
 hemorrho'idales, F., die mastdarmschlagsi- 
 dern, G., are distinguished into 1. the 
 superior, superieure, F., a termination of 
 the inferior mesenteric, which assumes, on 
 reaching the posterior superior part of the 
 rectum, the name of superior hoemorrhoidal ; 
 2. the middle, moyenne, furnished by the 
 hypogastric, or the internal pudic ; and 3. 
 the inferior, inferieures, branches sup- 
 plied, by the internal pudic, to the lower 
 part of the rectum and muscles of the anus. 
 
 The veins, Veines hemorrho'idales, F., 
 venae haemorrhoidales, L., observe the 
 same distribution as the arteries, and ter- 
 minate, for the most part, in the lesser 
 mesenteric ; while a few branches con-
 
 HEP 
 
 tribute to the formation of the hypogastric 
 vein. B. the Nerves, Nerfs hemorrho'id- 
 aux, F., emanate from the sciatic and 
 hypogastric plexus ; and penetrate the 
 rectum with their numerous filaments. 
 
 In Pathology, the epithet is used as re- 
 lating to piles, die h'dmorrhoiden betref- 
 fend, G. Thus piles, themselves, are term- 
 ed, in the language of science, hcemorrhoi- 
 dal tumours, tumeurs hemorrhoidales, F., 
 see HEMORRHOIDE ; and the discharge 
 
 Sroceeding from them, the hoemorrhoidal 
 ux, rluxus htemorrhoidalis, L. In Zoo- 
 logy, to designate a species of the CEstrus 
 genus, ffi. hcemon-hoidalis : the larva of 
 which is seen attached to the extremity 
 of the rectum of the horse from the begin- 
 ning of June to the middle of July. See 
 Linn&an Transactions, v. iii., p. 308. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDE, s. f, alfiojipais (ttl^a., 
 blood, f'iw, to flow), haemorrhois, f. L., 
 haemorrhoide, f., in popular Language,die 
 goldene ader, G. Hcemorrhoids, or piles, 
 are tumours situated on the circumference 
 of the anus, or above the sphincter mus- 
 cle. They result from varicose dilatation 
 of the veins of the rectum, see HEMOR- 
 HHOIDAI, ; or from an exhalation of blood 
 into the cellular tissue subjacent to the 
 membrane of that intestine. The term is, 
 also, applied to the flow of blood ordinarily 
 proceeding from the tumours so formed or 
 situated. See Montegre, Des Hemor- 
 rho'ides, ou Traite Analytique de toutes les 
 Affections Hemorrhoidales, 8vo. Paris, 1819; 
 or an excellent Article, by the same writer, 
 in vol. xx. of Diction, des Sciences Medicales. 
 HEMORRHOSCOPIE. s. f., htemorrho- 
 
 SCOpia, f. (ctif&oppoia, a flow of blood, ax.o<s't.ta, 
 
 to examine), L., blutschau, f., die beur- 
 theilung des aufgefangenen blutes, G. : an 
 examination of the qualities and condition 
 of blood when drawn from a vein. Kraus 
 proposes to substitute for this, the more 
 correctly compounded Latin term, Haema- 
 toscopia, s. f. 
 
 HEMOSTASE, HEMOSTASTE, s. f, hse- 
 mostasis, f. (a.H/j.a, <r<ru.<rts, stoppage), L. : 
 1. stagnation of the b'ood in the vessels. 
 die stockuny des blutes in den gef;issen, Or. : 
 2 the suppression of an hemorrhage, die 
 stillung einer blutung. H^BIOSTATIQUE, 
 adj., haemostaticus, blutstiilencl, hae- 
 mostatic, calculated to arrest haemorrhage. 
 See HEMASTATIQUE. 
 
 HEAIURESIE, s. f. , hsemuresis, f. (same, 
 and eu^trif, excretion of urine), L., dis- 
 charge of blood from the meatus uritiarius, 
 an affection constituting the 17th genus 
 of the Angioses, or 6th 1 amily, in the No- 
 solofjie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 HEPAR, s. m. : a term borrowed, bv the 
 French, from the Latin, hepar, the liver, 
 and formerly applied, in Chemistry, to 
 the Sulphurets. See FOIE. 
 310 
 
 HEP 
 
 HEPATALGIE, s. f., hepatalgia, f. (f,fa., 
 the liver, aXyoj, pain), L., leberschmerz, 
 m. G., pain in the liver, la colique hepa- 
 tique, of French ]>athologists. Hepatapos- 
 tema, n. L., leberabscess, m. G., abscess 
 of the liver. 
 
 HEPATEJIPHRAXIE, s. f., hepatem- 
 phraxis, f. (jjtrag, efi^a^is, obstruction), 
 Li., leberverstopfung, G., obstruction 
 of the liver. HEPATELCOSE, s. f. ?, he- 
 patelcosis, f. (same, and IKKWSIS, ulcera- 
 tion), L., lebergeschwiir, n. G., ulcera- 
 tion of the liver. 
 
 HfcpATidUE, adj., nvarixo;, hepati- 
 
 cus, L., hepatisch, zur leber gehorig, G., 
 hepatic : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate blood-cesse'ls, and other 
 appendages, entering into the structure 
 ofj or belonging to, the liver: as 1. an Ar- 
 tery. I'artere hipatique, F., arteria hepa- 
 tica, L,, feierschlagader, G., a branch of 
 the cceliac trunk ; dividing into the right 
 and left, die rechte und die linke leber- 
 arterie, G. ; and furnishing, previously to 
 its distribution upon the lii-er, the cystic, 
 pyloric, and right gastro-epiploic arteries: 
 2. Veins, Veines hl'patiques ou sus-htpa- 
 tiques, venae hepatica ; which, originat- 
 ing from the substance of the liver, con- 
 verge towards its posterior border, and 
 pour their blood into the inferior vena ca- 
 va about the level of the orifice presented 
 by the diaphragm to that vessel : 3. a 
 Plexvs, PI. hcpatique, F., hepaticus, L., 
 consisting of nervous filaments which, fur- 
 nished by the cceliac plexus, accompany, in 
 their distribution, the hepatic arteries:"and 
 4. a Duct, Canal, ou conduit, hepatique, 
 ductus hepaticus, L., feiergallengang, G. ; 
 which springing, by numerous radicles, 
 from the granules of the liver, unites with 
 the cystic, to constitute the cysto-Iiepatic 
 
 or common biliary duct, see CHOLE- 
 
 DoauE. In Pathology, the term, flux he- 
 patique,is familiarly applied, by the French, 
 toa morbid affection, the HEFATIRRHEE, 
 of scientific language. In Chemistry, the 
 hydro-sulphuric acid, of the moderns, as 
 obtained from, and exhaling the peculiar 
 odour of, liver of sulphur, was formerly 
 named hepatic gas. gaz hepatique, F. In 
 Botany, employed as the specific designa- 
 tion ot'an Anemone, A. hepatica, rauerno- 
 nehepatique, V. die fc&erblume,G which 
 is distinguished from the other species of 
 the genus by the presence of a calyx ; and 
 now constitutes a new genus under the 
 names of Hepatica trilo!>a, suggested, pro- 
 bably, by the reputed efficacy of the plant 
 in hepatic diseases, or by a fancied resem- 
 blance of its trilobate leaf to the three lobes 
 of the human liver: also, substuntively, 
 in the plural, as designative of a Family 
 of plants, les HEPATIQUES, F., Hepati- 
 ca, L., -die Lebcrmoose, G., the Liver-
 
 HEP 
 
 worts, forming the 3rd Order of the Class, 
 Acotyledonea, of Jussieu, and of the Cryp- 
 fofftimia, of Hooker, see ' English Flora, 
 vol. v., part 1, p. 97- In Pharmacy, re- 
 medies, r r,va.rixa, remedia hepatica, L,., 
 lebermittel, G., especially prescribed 
 for the cure of /iwr-disease. vfra.Tut.it i'a- 
 ros; and a particular species of Aloes, the 
 hepatic, see ALOE, so named trom its 
 distinguishing /irer-colour. 
 
 HkPATiRiiHEE, s. f., hepatirrhoea, 
 or rather, according to Kraus, hepato- 
 rrhoea, f. L., leberfluss, m. G. : a term 
 employed, in Pathology, to designate an 
 intestinal flux, the nuxus hepaticus, of 
 older writer.*, kept up by the discharge 
 of bloody or purulent matters from the 
 liver : more correctly applicable to an in- 
 ordinate flow af bile. 
 
 HEPATISATION du poumon, s. f., hepa- 
 tisatio pulmonis, fl L., die verwandlung 
 der lungen in eine leber'dhnliche masse, G., 
 hepatization, conversion of the lung into 
 a liver-like substance : a morbid condition 
 in which the parenchyma of the pulmona- 
 ry organ no longer crepitates on pressure 
 between the fingers ; but has acquired the 
 consistence and solidity of liver, a patho- 
 logical state frequently consequent upon 
 inertly treated or neglected pneumonia. 
 
 HEPATITE, s. f., hepatitis, f. L,., le- 
 berentziindung, f. G., inflammation of 
 the liver. Of this phlegmasia, two marked 
 varieties are observed : the acute, Yhepat. 
 aiyu'c, F., hepat. acuta, L. ; and chronic, 
 1'A. chronique, A.chronica. 'HvuriTtis <p*-i't, 
 according to Hippocrates, the vena cava. 
 
 HEPATOCELE, s. f, hepatocele, n. (- 
 rag, the liver, wKn, an hernial swelling), 
 L., leberbruch, m. G., hernia of the li- 
 ver: a morbid state, hernie du foie, F., 
 resulting from malformation of the abdo- 
 minal parietes ; and rarely observed ex- 
 cept in new-born children. Two species 
 of hvpatocelti have been distinguished by 
 Sauvages : the umbilical, ombilicale, F., 
 in which the protrusion has taken place 
 through the navel ; and the central, ven- 
 frale, in the vicinity of that orifice, common- 
 ly the linca alba. See Voigtel, Handbuch 
 der I'atholof/ischcn Anatomie, v. iii., p. 7- 
 
 H.,PATO-CYSTIQUE, adj., hepato-cys- 
 ticus, L., hepato-cystic, pertaining alike 
 to the liver, WTO,^, and the gall-bladder, 
 XVITTIS : an epithet applied, in Anthropo- 
 tomy, to the common gall-duct, ductus 
 hvpato-cysticus, L., der gemeinschaftliche 
 gallengang, G., formed by an union of 
 the hepatic and cystic ducts, see CHOLE- 
 DOCHE : in Comparative Anatomy, to 
 vessels which, in certain Quadrupeds, and 
 especially Birds, convey the bile directly 
 from the liver to the biliary receptacle. See 
 CYSTHEPATIQTJE ; and Cyclopedia of Ana- 
 tomy and Physiology, v. i., p. 325, fig. 165. 
 311 
 
 HEP 
 
 HEPATO-GASTRIQUE,adj. 
 
 HEPATKJUE. 
 
 HEPATOGRAPHIE, s. , hepatographia, 
 f. (%vru, the liver, y^u, to describe), L,., 
 die hepatographie, leberbeschreibung, f. 
 G. ?, hepatography, an anatomical de- 
 scription of the liver. HEPATOLITHIASE, 
 s. f., hepatolithiasis, f. (same, and x/^'aj/j, 
 the formation of stone), L., leberstein- 
 krankheit, f. G., the morbid state result- 
 ing from the formation of stone-like concre- 
 tions in the liver. HEPATOLOGIE, s. f., 
 hepatologia, f. (sie,and xyoj, a discourse), 
 L., hepatology, a Treatise on the liver. 
 
 HEPATOMPHALE, s. f., hepatompha- 
 lum, n. (jVa, a^ifaXaj, the navel), L. : 
 umbilical hernia, formed by the liver, one 
 of the species of HEPATOCELE. 
 
 HEPATOPARECTAME, s. f., hepatopa- 
 rectama, n. (same, and *a.<x,rap.ct,, immo- 
 derate extension), L,. : in Pathology, ex- 
 cessive tumefaction of the liver, eine uber- 
 m'dssige ausdehnuny der leber, G. 
 
 HEPATOPHRAXIE, s.f., hepatophraxia, 
 f. L. : a term employed to designate all 
 the pathological alterations of the liver. It 
 constitutes the 7th genus of Choloses, or 
 3rd Family of diseases, in the Nosol. Natu- 
 relle, of Alibert. Hepatophthot, s. f. L., 
 leberschwindsucht, f. G., hepatic phthisis. 
 
 HEPATOSCOPIE, S. f., fifKraffx.a-rix (fl#a- 
 Torx.ovita, to inspect the liver), hepatosco- 
 pia, f. L., leberbeschaaung, f. G., hepa- 
 toscopy, anatomical inspection of the liver. 
 
 HEPATOTOMIE, s. f., hepatotomia, f. 
 
 (same, and rapti, incision), L., hepatoto- 
 my, dissection of the liver. 
 
 HEPTAGONE, adj., heptagonus (l-rro., 
 seven, yovia, an angle), L., siebeneckig, 
 siebenkantig, G., Jheptagonal, exhibiting 
 seven angles : as, in Conchology, the spire 
 of Fusus , in Botany, the stem of Cac- 
 tus heptagonus. 
 
 HEPTAGYNIE, s. f., heptagynia (Ixra, 
 ywri, a female), L. : the name of an Or- 
 der in one of the Classes of the Sexual 
 System of Linnaeus; containing those plants 
 plantes heptayynes, ou heptagi/nigues, F., 
 
 plants? heptagynte, L.., siebenweibige 
 
 ph"anzen,G., whose flowers are furnished 
 with seven female organs, or pistils. 
 
 HEPTANDRIE, s. f., heptandria, f. 
 
 (same, and avj, avS^o,-, a male), L., die 
 heptandrie, G. : in Botany, the designation 
 of a Class, and Order, in the Sexual Sys- 
 tem of Linnaeus; comprehending the plants 
 whose flowers, Jleurs hcptandres, F., 
 flores heptandri, L., siebenmannige bliith- 
 en, G., like those of (Esculus hippocas- 
 tanum, belonging to the 7th Class, and 
 of Pelargonium, see GERANION, to the 
 3rd Order of the Class, Monadelphia, ex- 
 hibit seven male organs, or stamens. 
 
 HEPTAPETALE, adj., heptapetalous : 
 
 an epithet employed, in Botany, to desig-
 
 HER 
 
 natc plants, the corolla of which, like that 
 of Sedum heptapetalum, is composed of se- 
 ven petals. 
 
 HEPTAPHYLLE, adj., heptaphyllus 
 
 (rr, seven, 0oXXo, a leaf), L., sieben- 
 blattrig, G., heptaphyllous : an epithet 
 applied, in Botany, to plants, the perigone, 
 or the pinnated leaf, of which, like that of 
 Lonyocarpus heptaphyllus, or of Sophora 
 heptaphylla, is composed of seven distinct 
 pieces or leaflets. HEPTASEPALE, adj., 
 heptasepalus, L., to a calyx formed of 
 seven sepals or calyx-leaves. HEPTASPERME, 
 adj., heptaspermus (I-TTK, air'topa., seed), 
 L., siebensaamia, G., to a plant, the 
 pericarp of which contains seven seeds. 
 
 HERBAGE, adj., herbaceus fherla, see 
 HERBE), L.,- Krautartig, G., herbace- 
 ous : an epithet employed, in Botany, to 
 designate plants, plantae herbacece, L. ; 
 which, producing no wood, and perishing 
 after a few months' vegetation, are clothea 
 with a bark ordinarily green, of leaf-like 
 consistence, lax and tender tissue, and in- 
 capable of resisting severe cold. Applied, 
 also, to parts of plants which, like the pe- 
 rianth of Daphne laureola, exhibit a green 
 tissue resembling that of leaves. 
 
 HERBE, s. f., herba, f. L., /Wam, 
 kraut, n. G., herb : in Botany, a plant 
 whose tender stem, leaf-like in hue and 
 structure, dies after a few months' growth. 
 By Tschudy, the term is used as syn. with 
 vegetable cellular structure : in Pharma- 
 cy, to designate a plant when employed 
 whole. 
 
 HEBBIER, s. m., herbarium, n. L., 
 krauterbuch, m. G. : in Botany, a collec- 
 tion of plants gathered at the moment of 
 flowering or fructification, and dried with 
 every precaution to preserve their distin- 
 guishing form and characters. H. mcdici- 
 nale, F., herbarium medicinale, hortus sic- 
 cus medicinalis, L. : a collection of dried 
 medicinal plants. The English term, her- 
 bal, regarded, by some writers, as synon. 
 with the preceding, is ordinarily applied 
 to a popular iconography and description 
 of the plants employed in domestic econo- 
 my and medicine ; as the once celebrated 
 British Herbals of Culpepper and of Ge- 
 rard. In Zoology, the first stomach or 
 paunch of the Jtuminantia, see PANSE, 
 is, in the popular language of France, 
 termed Herbier. 
 
 HERBIVORE, adj., herbivorus (herba, 
 voro, to devour), L., ronqdyas, kraut- 
 erfressend, G., herbivorous, feeding, like 
 the ruminant Mammifera, upon plants : an 
 epithet employed, in the plural, by Cuvi- 
 er and other Zoologists, to designate an 
 Order, or Division, of the Cetaceous Class, 
 Cetaces herbivores, F., Cetacea herbivo~ 
 ra, L., including the Manati, Halicores, 
 and Rylina : by Dume'ril, a Family of Co- 
 312 
 
 HER 
 
 leopterous Insects, subsisting principally, or 
 exclusively, upon vegetable food. See PHY- 
 
 TOPHAGE. 
 
 HERBORISATION, s. f., herbarum in- 
 quisitio, f. L., herborization : an excur- 
 sion undertaken in search, or for the col- 
 lection, of plants ; as by Linnaeus, in his 
 celebrated Tour in Lapland, vol. 2, 8vo. 
 London, 1811. HERBORISER, v. a., her- 
 bas inquirere, L., herborisiren, botanisi- 
 ren, G., to herborize, or botanize. 
 
 HERBORISTE, s. m., herbarius, m. L., 
 /Wanxoj, krauterkenner, pflanzenken- 
 ner, m. G., herbalist : one who collects 
 herbs for sale ; a dealer in medicinal plants. 
 
 HERLDITAIRE, adj., hseriditarius (Jus- 
 res, an heir), L., erblich, G., hereditary, 
 transmitted from parent to progeny : Ex. 
 Maladie hereditaire, F., erdkrankheit, f. 
 G., an hereditary disease. 
 
 HEREDITE, s. f., hseriditas, f. L., er- 
 brecht, n. G., heirship, heritage : a term 
 employed, in Pathology, to designate the 
 transmission of diseases, from parent to 
 offspring, by the generative act. This ac- 
 ceptation, although commonly received, is 
 incorrect. The predisposition to a parti- 
 cular disease, or the organic malformation, 
 or defect, connected with it, may be inhe- 
 rited ; but not the disease itself. And the 
 child, in whom such predisposition exists, 
 will, only if placed in the same circum- 
 stances, or exposed to the influence of the 
 same exciting causes, as the parent, be- 
 come a subject of the same disease. 
 
 HERISSE, adj., hirtus, hispidus, L., 
 borstig, stachlig, G., prickly : an epithet 
 employed to designate, specifically, plants 
 and animals whose organs, or coverings, 
 are invested with stiff', long, and straight 
 hairs : as the stem of Daucus hispidus ; the 
 body of Staphylinus hirtus among Coleopte- 
 rous Insects , and the shell of Murex erina- 
 ceus among the Testaceous Mollusca. 
 
 HERISSON, s. m. : in Zoology, a genus 
 of Mammifera, Erinaceus ( Carnassiers, In- 
 sectiv^res, Cuv. ; Digitata, Ferte, Bl.), L., 
 derlgel, G., the Hedge-hog; remark- 
 able for the spines, or prickles, with which 
 the whole surface of the body is invested; 
 and containing, among others, the common 
 European species, i'A. commune, F., E, 
 Europceus ; whnsejlesh is edible ; and whose 
 body has been loudly eulogized by the 
 ancients, as, in all its parts, " medicamen- 
 tum elegans et valdopere commendandum 
 iis qui lectum perminaunt." HERISSONE, 
 
 adj., erinaceus, hystricosus, covered, 
 
 like the hedge-hog, with numerous or 
 closely -set spines or bristles. 
 
 HERMAPHRODISME, s. m., hermaphro- 
 dismus, m. L., zwitterheit, f. G., her- 
 maphrodism : in Physiology, the co-exist- 
 ence of the organs of the male and female 
 sex in the same individual. See
 
 HER 
 
 HERMAPHRODITE, s. m. and adj., ij- 
 paip^iTOf (from a fabulous son of Mercu- 
 ry, the Grecian "Egptjs, and Venus, 'AtppoS!- 
 <r, reputed to possess the androgynous cha- 
 racter), hermaphroditus, bisexuinus, gy- 
 nandrus, L.., hermaphrodit, zwitter, m. 
 G., hermaphrodite : a term, or epithet, 
 employed to designate an individual, plant 
 or animal, in whom both the male and fe- 
 male sex are united. This structure, com- 
 mon in plants, exists in many of the lower 
 animals, as the Zoophytes, the Acephalous 
 and Gasteropodous Molluaca, and the An- 
 nelidce. In the higher Classes, the reput- 
 ed hermaphrodite is a. monstrous production 
 resulting from original defect in the orga- 
 nization of the germ. No example of her- 
 maphrodism, in the rigorous acceptation of 
 the term, has yet been observed in man 
 or in other vertebrated animal. HERMA- 
 PHRODITES, s.m.,pl., Hermaphrodita, L. : 
 a term applied, by Latreille, to a Sub- 
 class of Gasteropodous Mollusca ; compre- 
 hending those androgyjious species which 
 reciprocally copulate. 
 
 HERMETIQUE, adj., hermeticus ('Ej- 
 ju.>is, Hermes, or Mercury), L., herme- 
 tisch, G., hermetical : an epithet em- 
 ployed to designate that part of Chemistry 
 which had, for its object, the pretended 
 transmutation of the metals ; and of which 
 Hermes, father of the hermetic doctrine, 
 d. hermetique, F., doctrina hermetica, L. ; 
 was regarded as the founder. When, in 
 the prosecution of chemical or physical 
 experiments, a vessel is so closed that none 
 of its contents, however volatile, can es- 
 cape, it is said to be hermetically sealed, 
 ferme hermetiquement, on a la maniere de 
 Hermes, F. The best mode of effecting 
 this object, is to fuse the substance, of 
 which the orifice of the vessel is composed, 
 by a lamp or blow-pipe. 
 
 HERJIODACTE, HERMODACTYLE, s. m., 
 hermodactylus, m. L., hermodactel, f. 
 G., hermodactyl : in Materia Medica, a 
 bulbous rout imported from the East, and 
 regarded as the product of Iris tuberosa 
 Formerly employed as a cathartic. 
 
 HERNiAiRE,adj., herniarius, L., zum 
 bruche gehorig, G., hernial, pertaining to 
 hernia: Ears. Bandage herniaire, F., see 
 BRAVER ; sac herniaire, bruchsack, G., 
 
 an hernial sac ; Chirurgien herniaire, 
 
 brucharzt,G., a practitioner who devotes 
 himself, especially, to the investigation 
 and treatment of rupture. 
 
 H ERNIE, s. f., hernia, f. L., xfan, 
 bruch, m. G., rupture : in Surgical Pa- 
 thology, a soft, elastic, colourless swelling, 
 situated on the circumference of one of 
 the splanchnic cavities ; and formed by 
 displacement, and partial or total protru- 
 sion, of one or moreof the contained viscera. 
 Hernia receives its specific designation, 
 313 
 
 HER 
 
 1. according to the region, and peculiar 
 site of body, which it occupies : 2. the or- 
 gan, or viscus, whereby it is formed : 3. 
 the precise condition of the protruded vis- 
 cus : and 4. the period of its occurrence. 
 
 1. Hernia? are distinguished, according 
 to the regions in which they occur, into A. 
 the Cerebral, Hcrnies du cerveau, ou En- 
 cephaloceles, F., hernia: cerebri, L., hirn- 
 briiche, G., exhibiting only one species, 
 Avith two varieties, the congenital and acci- 
 dental, see Sect. 4 : B. the Thoracic, H. 
 thoraciques, F., brustfirwcAe, G., includ- 
 ing, also, but one species, h. du poumon, 
 F., hernia pulmonis, L., lungenbruch, 
 G., see PNEUMATOCELE : and c. the Ab- 
 dominal, Hernies , hernias abdominales, 
 F. et L., unterliebesbruche, G. Abdomi- 
 nal hernia: are again distinguished, accord- 
 ing to the precise site occupied by the 
 swelling, into 1. Inguinal rupture, H. in- 
 guinale, ou sus-pubienne, F., leistenbruch, 
 G., with its three varieties : a. bubono- 
 cele, see that Article ; b. Scrotal, h. scro- 
 
 tale, ou OSCHKOCELE, hodensackirweA, 
 
 G., characterized by the descent of the 
 protruded parts into the scrotum of the 
 male ; and c. Pudendal or Vulvar, h. 
 vulvaire, F., hernia labii pudendi externi, 
 ir.derausseren schamlippe,G., into the 
 labium of the female, subject : 2. Femoral, 
 h. crurale,femorale, ou MEROCELE, her- 
 nia femoralis, L., schenkel6r?/cA, G. : 3. 
 Umbilical, h. ombicilale, exomphale, ou om- 
 phalocele, F., nabelbruch, G. : 4. Ventral, 
 h. ventrale, F., bauchirucA, F. : 5. Is- 
 chiatic, h. ischialique, F., hernia ischia- 
 dica, I,., huftbein&rwcA, G. : 6. Vaginal, 
 h. vaginale, F., hernia vaginalis, L., 
 scheidenbruch, G. : 7- Perineal, h. perine- 
 ale, F., hernia perinsei,L M mittelfleisch- 
 bruch, G. : 8. Rectal, Archocele, F., her- 
 nia recti intestini, L., mastdarmirwcA, 
 G. : and, lastly, protrusion of the contents 
 of the abdomen may take place, above, 
 through a rupture of the diaphragm ; be- 
 low, through the foramen ovale of the 
 pelvis. In the former case, it is termed 
 diaphragmatic, h. diaphragmatique, F. ; in 
 the latter, hernia of the obturator foramen, 
 hernia foraminis ovalis, L., bruch des 
 eirunden loches, G. 
 
 2. Hernia of the abdomen is termed EN- 
 TEROCELE, when the protruded portion 
 consists only of intestine; EPIPLOCELE, 
 when exclusively of omentum ; and EN- 
 r j ERO-EpipLOCELE, when both bowel and 
 cawl are contained in the hernial sac : 
 GASTROCELE, SPLENOCELE,HEPATOCELE, 
 CYSTOCELE, and HYSTEROCELE ; when 
 the stomach, spleen, liver, urinary blad- 
 der, and womb, respectively, constitutes 
 the subject of protrusion. 
 
 3. The Hernia is said to be reducible, ir- 
 reducible, or strangulated, reductible, irre-
 
 HET 
 
 ducti'ile, ou etraitf/lee, F., when the pro- 
 truded organ, or viscus, is readily replaced; 
 insusceptible of reduction ; or suffers vio- 
 lent compression, or stricture, from the 
 neck of the hernial sac, or the margin of 
 the orifice through which it has escaped. 
 
 4. All these varieties of hernia may ex- 
 ist from birth; or result from accident or 
 injury at a subsequent period. Hence rup- 
 ture is distinguished into the congenital, 
 H. conyenitale, F., der angeborne bruch, 
 G. ; and the Accidental or Acquired, H. 
 accidentellc, F., hernia acquisita, L., der 
 erworbene , G. See Itichter, Abhandlung 
 von den Hruchen, 2te Aufl. 80. Gottingen, 
 1785 ; Cooper, The Anatomy and Surgical 
 Treatment of Inguinal and Congenital Her- 
 nia, Fol., London; Scarpa, Suir Ernie, Me- 
 moire Anatomico-Chh-urgische.^&iz. Second. 
 Fol. Pavia, 1819 ; Lawrence, Treatise on 
 Ruptures, 8vo., London, 1813; Cloquet, 
 Recherches Anatomiques sur les Hernies de 
 r Abdomen, 4to., Paris, 1817 ; and Chelius, 
 Handbuch der Chirurgie, Erster Band, 
 Zweite Abtheilung, p. 696. 
 
 The term, Hernia, is moreover, incor- 
 rectly applied to divers lesions, utterly 
 destitute of the distinguishing character 
 of rupture, the protrusion of a naturally 
 contained organ from a containing cavity. 
 Thus, a morbid enlargement of the thyroid 
 gland see BRONCHOCELE, is,bytheLa<i 
 writers, named, hernia gutturalis, hernie 
 gutturals, F. ; a similar condition of the 
 testicle SARCOCELE, hernie charnue; and 
 phlegmasia of the body of the organ, fre- 
 quently consequent on suppressed blen- 
 norrhagia, die entziindungsartige hoden- 
 
 geschwullst, of German writers, hernia 
 
 humoralis, L., hernie humorale, F. 
 
 HERNIE, adj. : an epithet applied, by 
 French pathologists, to parts, or organs, 
 visceres hernies, contained in an hernial 
 sac : HERNIEUX, adj., herniosus, L., to 
 an individual suffering from hernia. 
 
 HEROPHILE ( Pressoir ff ). See CON- 
 FLUENT des Sinus. 
 
 HERP^TIQUE, adj., herpeticus, L., 
 herpetisch, G., herpetic. See DARTRE. 
 
 HERPETOLOGIE, s. f. See ERPETOLOGIE. 
 
 HESPERIDEES, s. f. pi., Hesperidar, L. : 
 in Botany, a Natural Family of plants ; 
 containing the Orange, Tea, and other alli- 
 ed genera. HESPERIDINE, s. f., hesperi- 
 dina, fi L. : a peculiar crystallizable sub- 
 stance, obtained, by Lebreton, from unripe 
 oranges. 
 
 HETEROCRANIE, s. f , lrieaic^via,\\e- 
 terocrania, f. L., pain attacking only one 
 side of the head. Synon. with HEMICRANIE. 
 
 HETEROGENE.adj., iripo'yiiiris, hetero- 
 geneus, L., heterogen, fremdartig, ver- 
 schiedenartigjG., heterogeneous, of diffe- 
 rent kind or species : Ex. Melange heterogene, 
 F., an admixture of different substances. 
 
 314 
 
 HEX 
 
 HETKBOGENKITE, s. f., heterogeneitas, 
 f. L., heterogenitat, fremdartigkeit, f. G., 
 heterogeneity : the quality of that which 
 is he eroyvneous. 
 
 HETEROPHYILE, adj., heterophyllus 
 
 ('/7-sjas, different, <pt/AXv, a leaf), L., ver- 
 schiedenblattrig, G., heterophyllous : an 
 epithet applied, in Botany, to plants whose 
 leaves, as those of Poptilus heterophyllus, 
 are not alike in their young and adult 
 states. Thus, also, is the adj. HETEHOPK- 
 
 TALE, heteropetalus, L., heteropeta- 
 
 lous, used to designate plants, the corolla 
 of which, like that of Mesembryanthemum 
 heteropctalum, exhibits unequal petals : and 
 
 HETEROTOME, heterotomus (Sfngay, 
 
 T/>ft,ri, incision), heterotomous, the peri- 
 gone of a plant, the divisions of which do 
 not exhibit the same sine and figure. 
 
 HETEROREXIE, s. , heterorexia, f. L., 
 depravation of appetite : the 2nd genus 
 of the Gastroses, or 1 st Family of diseases, 
 in the Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 HEXAGONE.adj. 'i^a.yuvos, hexagonus, 
 L., sechseckig, sechskantig, G., hexago- 
 nal, exhibiting six angles : as, in Botany, 
 the stem of Cactus hexagonus ; in Concho- 
 logy, the shell of Cerithium hexagonum. 
 
 HEXAGYNIE, s. f., hexagynia, f. (i%, 
 six, -yvtfi, a female), L., die hexagynie, 
 G. : in Botany, the designation of two 
 Orders in the Sexual System of Linnaeus ; 
 comprehending those plants whose flowers, 
 -fieurs hexagynes, ou hexagyniques, F., 
 flores he.tagyni, L., sechsweibiye bluthen, 
 G., exhibit six female organs, or pistils. 
 
 HEXANDRIE, s. f., hexandria, f. (i%, 
 six, avfy, atyos, a male), L.. die hexan- 
 drie, G. : in Botany, the name of the 6th 
 Class, and of two Orders in the Sexual 
 System, comprehending those plants, 
 planles hexandres, ou hexandriques, F., 
 plantse he.randra>,lj., sechsm'dnniffe pflan?- 
 en, G., whose flowers are provided with 
 six male organs or stamens. 
 
 HEXAPHYLLE,adj., hexaphyllus (!, 
 ^u'xxav, a leaf), L., sechsblatterig, G., 
 hexaphyllous : an epithet applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to a perigone, or involucre, composed 
 of six divisions ; or to a plant whose com- 
 pound leaf consists of six leaflets. HEXA- 
 PETALE, adj., hexapetalus, L., hexape- 
 talous : generally, to a corolla furnished 
 with six petals mit 6 blumenbl'dttern ver- 
 sehen, G. ; and, specifically, to a plant 
 whose corolla, or perigone, is so constructed. 
 
 HEXAPODE, adj., e|a5roSj (?|, -raug, a 
 foot), hexapodus, L., sechsfussig, G., 
 hexapodal : an epithet applied, in Zoolo- 
 gy, to all animals which, like the true In- 
 secls, les HEXAPODES, s. f. pi., Hexa- 
 poda, L., of Blainville, possess six feet. 
 
 HEXAPTERE, adj., hexapterus (J|, 
 vtTt.y>v, a wing), L., sechsfliigeligt, G., 
 hexapterous : an epithet employed, in
 
 HIA 
 
 Botany, to designate those parts, or or- 
 gans, of plants; which, like the capsule of 
 Fritillaria inipenulis, are furnished with six 
 winys. HEXAS! PAI.E, adj., hexasepalus, 
 L,., hexasepalous : applied, generally, to 
 a calyx, or, specifically, to a plant which, 
 like Clematis h':a;aisej>tilu, possesses a call/ A t 
 composed of six pieces or sepals. HEXA- 
 SPEHME, adj., hexaspermus (si-, a-vi^a, 
 a seed), L., sechssaamig, G., hexasper- 
 mous : as designative oi'jrnits, Biuiplantt 
 which yield fruits, containing six see/Is. 
 
 HEXATHYRIDE, s. m. : in Zoology, a 
 genus of Entozoarij Animals, Ue.iathyri- 
 dium, L., distinguished by the following 
 characters: body elongated; convex above, 
 concave below : sub-truncated anteriorly ; 
 pointed posteriorly. At the anterior ex- 
 tremity, beneath a kind of lip, six orbicular 
 pores, semicircularly disposed : hence the 
 generic name ^, six, foptiiov, a minute ori- 
 fice). A pore, larger than the preceding, 
 near the tail: and another terminating 
 the posterior extremity. Colour yellow- 
 ish. Two speci s only have yet been dis- 
 covered by Treutler : 1. Hex. pimji/icola 
 ( Polystorna jririi/uicola, of Zeder and Ru- 
 dolphi, Liuguutula pinyuicola, of Lamarck), 
 Hex. de la graisse, Linynatule des ovuires, 
 
 F. : it was found in the central cavity of 
 a tumour developed in the vicinity of the 
 left ovary of a young peasant who had 
 died in parturition. 2. Hex. venarum ( Po- 
 lijstoma, Lingua tula venarum), YHex. des 
 wines, F., Exathyridio sanguicola, It., 
 venenblattwurm, G., smaller than the 
 preceding ; discharged, by obstinate and 
 spontaneous haemorrhage, from the ante- 
 rior tibial vein ; and supposed, by Blain- 
 ville, to be a Leech ; by Rudolphi, a Pla- 
 naria ; and by Lamarck, a Fasciola. See 
 Joerdens, Helmin/hologie des Mcnschlichen 
 Korpers, p. u'7, pi. vi. ; Rudolphi, En/ozo- 
 orum Historia Naturalis, v. ii., part 1, p. 
 455 ; Bremser, Traite Zooloa. et Phsjsiolo- 
 gique sur les Vers Inlestinaux de FHomme, 
 Atlas, pi. ix. ; and Cloquet, Faune des 
 Medecins, vol. v., p. 368. 
 
 HIATUS, s. m., F. et L. : a term deriv- 
 ed from the Latin verb, Hiare, to gape ; 
 and literally signifying a yap, offnung, f. 
 
 G. Employed, in Anatomy, to designate 
 1. a minute orifice, Yhiat. de Fallope, F., 
 situated on the superior surface of the 
 temporal bone ; communicating with the 
 Aquceductus Fallopii , and transmitting 
 the cranial twig of the Vidian nerve : 2. 
 the foramen lacei um posterius, 1'A. occipi- 
 to-petreux ; so named, by Chaussier, as 
 existing between the occipital and the in- 
 ferior border of the petrous portion of the 
 temporal bone : 3. the foramen lacerum 
 anterius, 1'A. sphcttn-petrei<x,Cli., formed 
 by the sphenoid, and petrous portion of the 
 temporal bone : and 4. the orifice of com- 
 
 315 
 
 HIP 
 
 munication between the cavity of the pe- 
 ritoneum and that of the omentum, 1'A. 
 de Winslow, F.; situated behind the ves- 
 sels and nerves of the liver, below the 
 lesser omentum. See EPIPLOON. 
 
 HIBERNACLE, s. m., hybernaculum, n. 
 L., winterhaus, n. G., hybernacle : a 
 term employed, in Botany, to designate 
 all those parts, as the buds and bulbs, of 
 plants ; which serve to envelope, and pro- 
 tect, the young shoots from the cold of 
 winter : in Zoology, the winter-refuge of 
 the bat, the dormouse, and other hyber- 
 nating animals, animaux hybernants, F. 
 
 HIBERNATION, s. f. (hibcrnare, to win- 
 ter, L.), winterschlaf, m. G., hyberna- 
 tion : torpor or winter-sleep, a curious 
 physiological phenomenon exhibited by 
 certain animals belonging, principally, to 
 the Mammiferous Class. 
 
 HIDHOPLANIE, s. f., hidroplania, f. (/- 
 &?, sweat, vXavv, error), L., das schiritz- 
 en an ^lngewohnUehen steilen, G., transla- 
 tion ot the kudatory action of the skin to 
 some other part of the body. 
 
 HinuopYRKTOs, s. (same, and vugtro;, 
 fever). -febris, vel ephemera, sudatoria, L., 
 schweissfieber, n. G., ~-sweating fever, 
 the sweating sickness, sudor Anglicus, 
 of British writers. 
 
 HIERA PICRA: a term compounded of 
 the Greek adjectives, it^os, sacred, mx^os, 
 bitter; and employed, in ancient Phar- 
 macy, to designate an electuary composed 
 of clarified honey, or syrup of violets, ca- 
 nella, zedoary, asarum, the lesser cardam- 
 om-seeds, saffron, coccineal, and aloes. The 
 holy-bitter, of modern domestic medicine 
 is a compound of aloes and canella-bark. 
 
 HIEROPYRE, s. f., hieropyra, f. (It^o;, 
 sacred, KVQ, a fire or fever), ignis sacer, L., 
 hieropyr, das heilige fieber, G., St. An- 
 thony's fire, Erysipelas. 
 
 HII.E, s. m., hihnn, n., hilus, m. L., 
 keimgrube, sauiengrube, t. G., scar : in 
 Botany, a minute cicatrix, cicatricula, f. 
 L., existing on one of the points of the 
 surface, commonly at the base, of a seed ; 
 indicating its place of attachment to the 
 pericarp; and constituting, in fact, the 
 umbilicus, nabel, m. G., of the embryo 
 plant. See Decandolle and Sprengel, Ele- 
 ments of the Philosophy of Plants, p. 76- 
 
 HILOFERE, s. m., hiloferus, m. I,. : a 
 term, in Botany, applied, by "Vlirbel, to the 
 internal membrane, ENDOP.LEVRE, ou EN- 
 DOSPERME, nucleanium, tunica interna, 
 L,., keimhaut,f. G., of the seed of plants. 
 
 HILON, s. m,, hilum, n. L. : in Surgi- 
 cal Pathology, the small blackish tumour, 
 formed by protrusion of the iris through 
 a breach of the cornea ; and resembling, in 
 colour, the hite of the garden-bean. 
 
 HIPPANTHROPIE, s. f., hippanthropia, 
 f. (<Wf, a horse, ayfyuvo}, a man), L. : a
 
 HIP 
 
 variety of mental hallucination, in which 
 the patient believes himself to be trans- 
 formed intoahorse. The celebrated Cardinal 
 Richelieu is said to have laboured under 
 this strange delusion. The i-rvuvfyavos of 
 the Greeks, is the Centanrus, of Latin , and 
 centaur, of German and British writers. 
 
 HIPPIATRE, s. m., /trtftWfa;, hippia- 
 trus, medicus equarius, m. L., rossarzt, 
 pferdearzt, m. G., literally, a horse-doc- 
 tor : in modern phraseology, a veterinari- 
 an, or veterinary surgeon, veterinararzt, 
 m. G., a practitioner of veterinary medi- 
 cine, HlPPIATHIQUE, S. f., 'iXirieiTftet ('!#- 
 xas, a horse, lurgixn, medicine), hippiatria, 
 medicina equaria, f. L., rossheilkunde, f. 
 G., a science, which has, for its object, 
 the knowledge and treatment of the dis- 
 eases of the horse and other domestic ani- 
 mals. In its more extended signification, 
 it constitutes the cattle-medicim, thier- 
 heilkunde, f., of German writers. 
 
 HIPPOBOSQUE, s. m. : in Zoology, a ge- 
 nus of Insects, Hippobosca, L., belong- 
 ing to the Order, Diptera, of Linnaeus, 
 and Omaloptera, Family JJippoboscidce, of 
 modern Entomologists. One of the spe- 
 cies, H. equina, pferdelaus, G., horse- 
 or forest-rly, infests the horse and other 
 domestic animals; and sometimes assails 
 even man himself. The larva, nourished 
 within the abdomen of the parent-insect, 
 is expelled, when full-grown, in the shape 
 of an oviform pupa. See an excellent paper 
 on the Hippoboscidcs, by Leach, in vol. ii. of 
 the Edinburgh Werner tan Transaction!,. 
 
 HIPPOCAMPE, s. m., hippocampus, m. 
 L. : in Anatomy, a term applied to two 
 productions of medullary substance in the 
 lateral ventricle of the brain : 1. le grand 
 hippocampe, F., hippocampus major, pes 
 hippocampi, vel cornu Ammonis, L., am- 
 monshorn, G., with its thin internal bor- 
 der, CORPS fimbrie, Taenia hippocampi, 
 L. : and 2. le petit , hippocampus minor, 
 L., see ERGOT ; so called from an ima- 
 ginary resemblance to the foot of a fabu- 
 lous animal, the /Waxa^sroj, sea-horse, 
 of Greek writers. In Ichthyology, a ge- 
 nus of Branchiostegous Fishes, formerly 
 arranged under the Linnsean genus, Syn- 
 gnathus ; and receiving its modern desig- 
 nation from the resemblance of the head 
 to that of the horse. The typical species 
 of the genus, Hippocampus vulgaris, I'hip- 
 pocampe, cheval marin, F., das seepferd- 
 chen, G., a ventre succum venenatum 
 effundere ; ipse tamen in morsu canis ra- 
 bidi prodesse, dicitur, L. See Blanchardi, 
 Lexicon Medicum, v. L, p. 733 ; and Bon- 
 naterre, Ichthyologie, Tableau, Encyclope- 
 dique, p. 31, pi. xx. 
 
 HIPPOCRATIQ.UE, adj., i-r-raxfa.Tix.as, 
 hippocraticus, L., hippokratiscn, G., 
 hippocratic, proceeding from, or described 
 
 316 
 
 HIP 
 
 by, Hippocrates, the celebrated Greek Phy- 
 sician, who lived in the 6th century before 
 Christ : Face hippocratique,Y ., see FACE ; 
 Medicina hippocratica, L., hippocratic me- 
 dicine. The term, Hippocrates, etymolo- 
 gically considered, signifies a horse-breaker. 
 HIPPOCRATISTE, s. m. : a partizan of the 
 doctrine of Hippocrates. 
 
 HIPPOLITHE, s. m. (/Vfl-s;, a horse, x/- 
 6s, a stone), bezoarequinum,L., pferde- 
 stein, m. G. : in Animal Pathology, the 
 biliary, intestinal, or urinary concretion, 
 formed in the body of the horse. The in- 
 testinal variety is ordinarily composed of 
 the ammoniaco-magnesian phosphate. To 
 all of these concretions, the virtues of BE- 
 ZOARD were attributed by the ancients. 
 
 HIPPOMANE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Hippomane ( Monoecia, monadelph. ; Eu- 
 phorbiacecB), L., the Manchineel , con- 
 taining only one species, see MANCENIL- 
 LIER, of highly deleterious properties, 
 The name is derived from a supposed re- 
 semblance of the manchineel to an Arcadian 
 plant, probably an Euphorbium or Datura, 
 described, by the Greeks, as inducing mad- 
 ness, U.O.VIK, in the horse, "TVTOJ. The 
 term, '1-r-ra/^.a.vis, hippomanes, pi. L., 
 was also applied, by the ancients, to the 
 mucus secreted into the vagina of the 
 mare under the influence of the sexual 
 passion and used, by them, in the com- 
 position of philters. 
 
 HIPFOPATHOLOGIE, s. f., hippopatho- 
 logia, f. ("arsraf, a horse, x-uilas, a morbid 
 affection, xiyos, a discourse), L. : the pa- 
 thology, or doctrine of the diseases, of the 
 horse. See Percivall, Hippopathology. Lon- 
 don, 8vo. 
 
 HIPPOPOTAME, s. m. : a genus, in Zoo- 
 logy, Hippopotamus ( Mammifera, Pachy- 
 dermata, Cuv. ; Multungula, Bl.), L., 
 das Flusspferd, Nilpferd, G., the lliver- 
 Horse. Of this, one species only, H. am- 
 phibius, o 'Ivrvro'ffitrK/j.os, of the Greeks, an 
 inhabitant of the lakes and rivers of South- 
 Africa, is, at present, known. The flesh 
 of this fierce and unwieldy animal is edi- 
 ble. The fat, of which an adult produces 
 2000 pounds weight, is employed, at the 
 Cape of Good Hope, as a substitute for 
 butter : and a very pure and cream-like 
 oil, obtained from it, is there salted, and 
 consumed, in domestic economy. The 
 incisor-teeth, sometimes attaining the length 
 of 16 inches, and formerly eulogized as an 
 haemostatic, or a mystical remedy, in hae- 
 morrhage and divers diseases, are now 
 only used by the dentist, in the fabrication 
 of artificial teeth. The river-horse has 
 been fabulously described as drawing 
 blood from its own body, when sick, by 
 friction against a rock ; and hence termed, 
 by Pliny, the inventor of blood-letting, re- 
 pertor detrahendi sanguinis, L. See Salt,
 
 HIR 
 
 Voyage to Abyssinia, p. 355; and Faunedes 
 Aftdecins, vol. v., p. 377- 
 
 HIPPOSTEOLOGIE, s. f., hipposteologia, 
 f. ("rrf, the horse, o<rrXoy/, a descrip- 
 tion of bones), L., the osteology of the 
 horse. See Percivall, Anatomy of the Horse, 
 London, 8vo. 
 
 HIPPOTOMIE, s. f., hippotomia, f. ('i-r- 
 ;, roftri, incision), L., hippotomy, the 
 anatomy, or dissection, of the horse, zerglied- 
 erung des pferdes, G. HIPPOTOMISTE, s. 
 m., hippotomicus, m. L., hippotomist : 
 a student, or practitioner, of hippotomy. 
 
 HIPPURIQUE, adj. : an epithet employ- 
 ed, by Liebig, to designate a peculiar acid, 
 acidum hippuricum, L., discoverable in 
 the urine of all herbivorous animals ; but 
 which, as not existing exclusively in the 
 horse, '/Wo;, Berzelius has distinguish- 
 ed by the name of arobenzoic acid-, acide 
 arobenzoique, F. 
 
 HIRCATE, s. m., hircas, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry,a genus of salts, hircinsaure salze, 
 G., resulting from the combination of a 
 peculiar acid, acide hirciniqite, F., aci- 
 dum hircinicum, L., hircinsaure, G., 
 with salifiable bases. This acid is produc- 
 ed by the saponification of HIRCINE, s. f., 
 hircina, f. L., hircinfett, n. G., a sub- 
 stance existing in the fat of the goat, 
 hircus, m. L., and to which the odour of 
 such fat is ref'errible. 
 
 HIRCISME, s. m., hircismus, m. L. : 
 the strong and peculiar odour, foetor ax- 
 illarum ; which, resembling that of the 
 male-goat, hircus, L., ordinarily exhales 
 from the human axilla. Sudor subalaris, 
 hirci instar fbetens, hircismus dicitur. Pili 
 etiam sub axillis, die achselhaare, G., 
 the axillary hairs, hirci appellantur, L. 
 
 HIRONDELLE, s. f. : a genus of Birds, 
 Hirundo, L., n Xs^Sav, die Schwalbe, 
 G., the Swallow ; belonging to the Pas- 
 sereaua;, Fissirostres, Cuv. ; Order, Jnses- 
 sores, and Family, Hirundinidce, L., Hi- 
 RUNDINIDES, s. m. pi., of modern orni- 
 thologists ; and distinguished, by the ex- 
 istence of a back-toe, from the Swift,, Ci/p- 
 selus, which was formerly confounded with 
 it. The nests of two of the European spe- 
 cies, the chimney- or barn-swallow, H. 
 rustica, hirondelle de la cheminee, F., die 
 rauch-schwalbe, G., and the eave- or 
 martin, H. urbica, h. de Jenttre, haus- 
 schwalbe, were formerly employed, in 
 admixture with vinegar, as rubefacients 
 For an account of the edible nest of ano- 
 ther species, H. esculema, see ALCYOK. 
 HIRSUTE, adj., hirsutus, L., rauh, 
 struppig, G., rough, hairy, clothed with 
 long, stiff, numerous hairs. See HKRISSK. 
 HIRUDINEES, s. f., pi., Hirudinece, L. : 
 in Zoology, a small Family of the Aquatic 
 Annelida, see ANNELIDES, constituted 
 by Lamarck; and comprehending eight 
 
 317 
 
 HIS 
 
 distinct genera, the species of which have 
 hitherto been included in the genus Him* 
 do, of Ray and Linnaeus. These newly- 
 formed genera are Clepsine, Hesmopis, San- 
 guisuga, Limnatis, Aulasloma, Nephelis, 
 the Hirudinees bdelliens , and Pisricola, 
 and Albione, the H. albioniennes, of mo- 
 dern French zoological writers. The se- 
 veral species of Sanauisuga, see SANG- 
 SUE, are alone available in mtdicine. 
 The real horse-leech, Hamopis rwa.r, fre- 
 quently confounded with a black variety 
 of the common leech, and unjustly accus- 
 ed of possessing venomous properties and 
 attacking the horse, is destitute of teeth, 
 and consequently incapable of perforating 
 the skin of either man or other large ani- 
 mal. See Moquin-Tandon, Monooraphie de 
 la Fainille des Hirudinees,4to. Paris, 1827- 
 HISPIDE, adj., hispid us, strigosus, L., 
 hackerig, G , clothed with long and 
 scattered hairs : as, in Botany, the stem of 
 Epilobium hirsutmn ; and the leaves of Lc- 
 ontodon hispidum. HisPiniTfc, s. f., his- 
 piditas, f. L. Synon. with PHALANGOSE. 
 HISTOGENIE, s. f., histogenia, f. (/Wo;, 
 a web or tissue, yiwa.u, to engender), tex- 
 turse organicse ortus, L., die bildung des 
 organischen gewebes, G., histogeny, the 
 formation of an organic tissue. In like 
 manner, HISTOGRAPHIE, s. f., histogra- 
 phia, f, L., histography ; and HISTOLO- 
 GIE, s. f., histologia, f. L., histologv, 
 compounds of if TO; with y^aipw, and \i>yo; , 
 are, respectively, employed to designate 
 a description, eine beschreibting, G., and 
 the doctrine, die lehre, of the organic tis~ 
 sues. General Anatomy, die allgemeine 
 anatomie, has been termed histology, die 
 histologie ? by a German writer. 
 
 HISTOIRE NATUHELI.E, historia natu- 
 ralis, L., naturgeschichte, f. G. Natural 
 History is that division of the physical sci- 
 ences which consists in an investigation 
 of the properties of natural bodies, and 
 their methodical arrangement. Natural 
 History is termed general, when compre- 
 hending all the various natural objects 
 which are scattered over the earth ; par- 
 tial, or particular, when restricted, in its 
 inquiries, to the investigation of the pro- 
 ductions of a particular district or country ; 
 and medical, when exclusively limited to 
 the study and arrangement of those bodies 
 or substances which, by their applicability 
 to the prevention and cure of various dis- 
 eases, especially interest the medical phi- 
 losopher. Literature conspicuously illus- 
 trates this three-fold distinction in the 
 great Systema Naturte, of the' immortal 
 Linnaeus ; VHistoire Naturelle Generale, of 
 Buft'on ; and Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 
 of Blumenbach : the Synopsis of the Na- 
 tural History of Great Britain, etc. by Ber- 
 kenhout : and Court Complef d'Histoire
 
 HOM 
 
 Naturette Midicale,novf in progress of pub- 
 lication at Brussels. 
 
 Natural History is further divisible into 
 three principal branches, Zoology, Bota- 
 ny, and Mineralogy, see ZOOI.OGIE, and 
 BoTAViauE, according as animals,, plants, 
 or minerals, constitute the especial subjects 
 of inquiry : and all these branches obvi- 
 ously admit of the same distinctions into 
 general, particular, and medical, as the pa- 
 rent stem. The Re,yne A nimal, of Cuvier, 
 the British Zoolo : ;i/, of Pennant, and 
 History of British Animals, of Fleming, 
 and the Faune des Mideclns, of Frenrh 
 and Medical Zoology, ot British literature, 
 mav be cited as respectively illustrative 
 of the first : the Encyclopaedia, of Plants, 
 by Loudon, English Flora, by Smith, The 
 British Flora, by Hooker, and Medical 
 Botany, by Wood vi lie, and by Stephenson 
 and Churchill, of the second or botanical 
 branch of Natural Histori/. For an ac- 
 count of the works characterizing the di- 
 visions of the third, see MIXERALOGIE. 
 
 HISTOLOGIE, see HISTOGL;NIE. HISTO- 
 NOMIE, s. f., histonomia., f. (Ifros, a web or 
 tissue, voftas, a law), L., histonomy, the 
 history of the laws which preside over the 
 formation and arrangement of the organic 
 tissues. HISTOTOMIE, s. f., histotomia, f. 
 (same, and rapti, incision), L., histotomy, 
 dissection of the organic tissue, die zerleg- 
 ung des organischen geivebes, G. 
 
 HIVER, s. m., hyems, L., WP*>V, 
 winter, G. and E. : one ot the four seasons 
 of the year; extending from the 21st or 
 22nd of December, the period of the sun's 
 greatest declination below the equator, to a- 
 bout the 21st of March, that of its return 
 to the vernal equinox. HIVERNAL, adj. 
 See HYEHAL. 
 
 HOMARD, s. m. : in Zoology, the popu- 
 lar French designation of the lobster, As- 
 tacus gammarus vel marinus, la grand E- 
 CREVISSE de mer, F., der hummer, meer- 
 krebs, G., much prized as an article of 
 diet. See Faune des A/erf., voL v., p. 394. 
 
 HOMME, s. m., homo, m. L., HvS^u- 
 trts, mensch, m. G., man : in Zoology, 
 the sole genus belonging to the Order Bi- 
 manus, in the Class Mainmif.-ra, of Verte- 
 brated Animals; and the only real biped 
 of that Class. Man alone, gifted with the 
 power of language, is capable of communi- 
 cating his ideas and emotions by conven- 
 tional sounds and signs. His brain is 
 much more complicated, and more fully 
 developed in its anterior portion, than 
 that or other animals. None of the Quad- 
 rumana possess, like him, a peculiar mus- 
 cle for the extension of the fore- or point- 
 ing-finger, :iee KXTENSEUR, 5. He a- 
 lone prepares his food by subjecting it to 
 the action of fire : and, having acquired 
 the means of protecting his body, by artifi- 
 
 318 
 
 HOM 
 
 cial coverings, from the influence of at- 
 mospheric vicissitudes, is fitted to inhabit 
 every accessible region of the globe. The 
 species, the only one of the genus to which 
 he belongs, wiil be found to exhibit the 
 six following races : the Caucasian, race 
 Cnucasiqiie ou Arabe Enropeene, V. ; the 
 
 Northern, Hypcrloreene , Mongolian, 
 
 Mongole , American, ftmericaine ; Malay, 
 Malaie , and the Negro or Ethiopian, 
 Negre ou E'lhiop : ennc. Each of these races, 
 or varieties, is distinguishable by peculiar 
 characters drawn from the figure of the 
 skull, the features of the face, texture of 
 the hair, and colour of the skin. S'- ! e Law- 
 rence, Lectures on the Pht/sioloffi/, Zoology, 
 and Natural H:sloryof Man, Cvo., London, 
 181!) ; and Prichard, Researches into the 
 Physical Histori/ of Mankind, 2 vol. 8vo. 
 
 HOHCeOPATHIE, S. f., op.oiova.6<.ia (opt>i<>s, 
 similar, W^of, a morbid affection), homce- 
 opathia, fl L., hoinoeopathie, f. G. : in 
 Pathology a"d Therapeutics, a method of 
 practice which consists in the employment 
 of various medicinal agents, in exceedingly 
 minute doses, in cases of which they seem 
 calculated to aggravate the symptoms : 
 because, more largely administered, they 
 would induce a similar affection. HOJICEO- 
 PATHictuE, adj., oftoiovafa;, homoeopa- 
 thicus, homoeopathic, belonging to Ho- 
 moeopathy, or the homcBopathic doctrine, 
 Medicina homceopathica, L. See Hahne- 
 mann, Exposition de la Doctrine Medicale 
 Homceopathique, etc. Suivie d'une Pharma- 
 copee homceopathique, 8vo. ; et Doctrine et 
 Trait ement homoeopath, des Maladies Chro- 
 niques, 8vo., vol. 2, Paris, 1832. Upon the 
 character, and probable fate, of new opi- 
 nions and theories in Science, it behoves 
 the philosopher to pronounce with ex- 
 treme circumspection. Yet, whatever be 
 the confidence and celebrity acquired by 
 the new doctrine in Germany, the land of 
 its birth, few converts have, at present, 
 been made to Homoeopathy among the 
 more enlightened practitioners of Britain 
 and France. The favourite axiom of the 
 Hahr.emann school, ( Similia sin.ilibux cu- 
 rantnr,) although occasionally illustrated 
 in practice, is not universally applicable 
 to the treatment of diseases. 
 
 IToMOGEVEjadj., ipoyivrif, homogenus, 
 L., homogen, gleichanig, G., homoge- 
 neous, of the same nature, or species: Corps 
 hornogene, F., an hoi:;0(jeneo<tts body ; par- 
 ticulae hnmoyenee, L., homoy neons parti- 
 cles. IJoMOGr.NKrTi;, s. f., hoiiiogeneitas, 
 f. L., homogenitftt, gleichartigkeit, f. G : 
 the quality of that which is hoinoyeneous. 
 
 1 IOMOIOSE, s. f., - ofiii'tus-if (iftvioM, to assi- 
 milate), homoior,is,t.i,., gleichmachung, 
 f. G., assimilation. 
 
 HOMOPIIAGE, adj., f-'fjio^ayot, bomo- 
 
 phagus, L., an epithet applied to those
 
 IIOQ 
 
 animals, especially of the humnn species, 
 honiophnffi, I..., die rohflcischexser, G., 
 that./mf upon rawftesh. HojwoPHAGiE.s.f., 
 euftofK'yict, homophiigia,f. L., the prac- 
 tice of homophagi/. 
 
 HOMOTONE, adj., oftoTovos '. an epithet 
 applied to diseases, morbi homotonici, L., 
 especially fevers ; in which the symp- 
 toms exhibit the same tone, or intensity, 
 through their whole progress, without 
 sensible exacerbation or remission. 
 
 HONTEUX, adj.: an epithet absurdly 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate the 
 organs of generation, parties honti'usi's,V., 
 ro a.fio'iov, of Greek , pudenda, of Latin , 
 and die ,7iawztheile, of German writers : 
 also, the blood-vessels, die schaamblutadem, 
 G., and nerves, which are distributed up- 
 on those organs, in both sexes : as A. the 
 Arteries, Arteres hontt-uses, F., arterise 
 pudenda?,^., scArtamarterien, G. ; of which 
 are distinguished, 1. the internal pudic or 
 pudenda!, artere hont. interne (sous-pelvi- 
 enne, Ch.) ; given off by the internal ili- 
 ac, and dividing into a. the inferior or pe- 
 rin&al, infcrieure ou perincate ; and b. the 
 superior, supcrieure ou ischio-penienne 
 The former of these supplies the inferior 
 hsemorrhoidal branches : the latter, the 
 transversalis perineei , and finally divides 
 into the arteria cavernosa, and dorsulis pe- 
 nis of the male (dors, c'iloridis of the fe- 
 male) subject : 2. the External, arteres 
 hnnteuses externes (scrotales ou vulvaires, 
 Ch.), aussere scArtwarterien, G.; two in 
 number : a. the superficial, siipcrficielle, 
 OU sous-cutanee , b. the deep-sealed, pro- 
 fonde, ou soiis-aponevrotiquc, supplied by 
 the femoral artery or one of its branches, 
 and distributed on the external organs of 
 generation. B. a Nerve, nerj honteux (is- 
 chio-penien, ou ischio-clitorien, Ch.), a 
 branch of the sacral plexus; which sup- 
 plies the organs of generation, especially 
 the penis of the male and clitoris of the 
 female subject. 
 
 HOPITAI,, s. m., nosocomium, n. L., 
 hospital, spital, n. G., hospital : an edi- 
 fice destined for the gratuitous reception, 
 and relief, of the sick and wounded poor. 
 Fievre d'hopital, V., febris nosocomialis,L,., 
 das spital fieber, G., hospital fever. 
 POURRITURE de , hospital gangrene. 
 
 HOQUET, s. m., singultus, m. L., 
 schuchzen, n. G., hiccough, or hiccup : 
 a peculiar sound produced by the sudden 
 and involuntary contraction of the dia- 
 phragm, and the simultaneous closure of 
 the rima glottidis ; whereby the current 
 of air in the windpipe is arrested. This 
 phenomenon occurs in divers diseases; 
 and in some, especially those of cerebro- 
 spinal origin or complication, is of most 
 unfavourable augury. It frequently takes 
 place in otherwise healthy subjects. 
 
 319 
 
 HOU 
 
 HORDE'NE, '8. f., hordeina, f. I,.': a 
 peculiar substance discovered in divers 
 
 grains, especially barley, hordeum, L 
 
 Hence its designation. Pulverulent, yel- 
 lowish, tasteless, inodorous, and resem- 
 bling saw-dust in its physical and chemi- 
 cal characters, it is obtained by kneading 
 between the hands a paste of i;7ry-farina, 
 while a stream of water is directed upon 
 it. The hordt'in and starch are thus depo- 
 sited : and the latter, dissolved by the ad- 
 dition of boiling water, leaves the hordein 
 pure. It consists of oxygen, hydrogen, and 
 carbon. The same designation is applied, 
 by Herbmstaedl, to the gluten of ha/ley. 
 
 HORIZON, s. m., F., et L-, g/|v, ho- 
 rizont, gesichtskreis, m. G. : in Physics, 
 the circle which separates the visible from 
 the invisible part of the globe, when the 
 rays of light are not intercepted by ine- 
 qualities existing on the eai tn's surface. 
 The sensible, \horizon sent'bh, F., der 
 schehibare gesichtskreis,G., is distinguish- 
 ed from the rational or real horizon., 1'A. 
 rationnel, der wahre gcs. HORIZONTAL, 
 adj., F. G. and E., horizontals, I, , pa- 
 rallel to the horizon : an epithet of exten- 
 sive application in Physics, Mineralogy, 
 Botany, and Zoology, in the desci iption 
 of horizontal lines, and horizontal stratifi- 
 cation ; and in the designation of the or- 
 gans of certain plants and animals which, 
 as the anthers of Lilium, the root of Ane- 
 mone ni-morosa, and the wings of Libellula, 
 observe an horizontal direction. 
 
 HORRIPILATION, s. f-, horripilatio, 
 L. : in Pathology, a general sense of cold 
 with erection of the hairs on the surface of 
 the body, a phenomenon of frequent oc- 
 currence, as the precursor of fever. Syn. 
 with the horror, of Latin writers. 
 
 HOUBLON, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 HumuliiK ( Dioica, pentandr. , Urticece), L., 
 der Hopfen, G., the Hop ; of which 
 one species only, the common hop, H. 
 lupuhts, is yet known. It is a climbing 
 plant, hence ihe English designation from 
 the Anglo-Saxon, hoppan, to climb ; grows 
 naturally in the hedges of Europe ; and 
 is largely cultivated for the strobiles, die 
 hopfenkegeln oder zap fen, G., of the fe- 
 male plant, which are slightly aromatic, 
 and impart their grateful bitter to malt- 
 liquor. Employed, in medicine, as tonic 
 and sedative. The young shoots possess the 
 edible properties of asparagus. The Ger- 
 mans have an Officinal Tincture and Ex- 
 tract, Hopfentinktur, und Hopfenex- 
 
 tract, of the hop. 
 
 HOUILLE, ou Charbon de terre, s. f., 
 carbo fossilis, L., kohle, f. G., pit-coal : 
 in Chemistry and Geology, a solid com- 
 bustible substance, composed of carbon, 
 oxygen, hydrogen, and azote ; and appa- 
 rently resulting from the decomposition
 
 HUI 
 
 of vegetable bodies, long buried beneath 
 the earth's surface. There are several va- 
 rieties of the common species, or black coal, 
 schiefer kohle, steinkohle, G. Mean 
 specific gravity, 1,3. See Aikin's Manu- 
 al of Mineralogy, London, 1814. For an 
 account of the probable mode of formation 
 of coal, and of the relics of the vegetable 
 kingdom, hitherto discovered in roa/-mea- 
 sures, terrain houiller, F., steinkohlen- 
 gebirge, G., see Parkinson, Organic Re- 
 mains, etc., 4to., London, 1833; Lyell, Prin- 
 ciples of Geoloa;/, 4 vols., London, 1835 ; 
 Lindlev and Hutton, Fossil Flora of Great 
 Britain; and Mammatt, Collection of Geolo- 
 gical Facts,4to. Ashby-de-la-Zouch, 1834. 
 
 HOULQUE, ou HOUQUE, s. f. : a genus, 
 in Botany, Holcus ( Triandria, digyn. ; 
 Graminete), L., das Durrgras, G., Soft- 
 Grass ; comprehending, in the Linnaean 
 arrangement, several species since trans- 
 ferred to the genus Sorghum. One of 
 these, H. sorghum, S. vulyare, of modern 
 Botany, le sorghe, F., Indian millet, a 
 native of the East, is cultivated in Eu- 
 rope. By the Italians, a coarse and dark- 
 coloured bread is prepared from the grain. 
 
 HOITPPE, s. f., >.a<f>s, barba, coma, f. 
 L., troddel, m. G. : in Botany and Zoo- 
 logy, a small tuft of hairs attached to the 
 extremity of a seed, or to some part of the 
 body of an animal. du menton : in A- 
 natomy, a small muscle, incisif inferieur, 
 releveur du menton (portion du mento-la- 
 bial, Ch.), F., levator menti, Somm. ; si- 
 tuated near the symphysis of the lower 
 jaw, and extending, from a depression at 
 the root of the lateral incisor, to the inte- 
 guments of the chin and lower lip. See 
 Bourgery, Traite Compl. d'Anatomle, v. iL, 
 p. 41, pi. 94. HouppE,adj.: an epithet ap- 
 plied to hairs of plants and animals, when 
 disposed in the form of a spreading tuft. 
 
 HOITX, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Ilex 
 ( Tetrandria, tetragyn. ; Rhamnoidees ), L., 
 die Stechpalme, G., the Holly ; com- 
 prehending several species. Among these 
 are distinguished, for their medicinal pro- 
 perties, 1. the common holly, /. aqnaefo- 
 l/um, le h. commun, F., expectorant and 
 diuretic : and 2. the South-Sea tea, /. vo- 
 mitoria, the des Apulaches, F., a decoc- 
 tion of which is employed, by the North- 
 American Indians, as a safe but effectual 
 emetic. Bird-lime is prepared from the 
 bark of /. aquafolhim. 
 
 HUILE, s. f., oleum, n. L., i'Xa/ov, 61, 
 n. G., oiL The various oils, of which 
 there are a great number, admit of a pri- 
 mary division into two distinct Classes: 1. 
 The Fixed, les Huiles fixes ou grasses, F., 
 olea fixa vel pinguia, L., fette ole, G. ; 
 of which there are two varieties, respec- 
 tively termed animal and vegetable, h. a- 
 nimaletetvegetales^., as obtained, by the 
 
 320 
 
 HUT 
 
 action of fire or expression, from subjects' 
 of the animal or vegetable kingdom. Whale- 
 oil, wallfisch/Aran, G., and the express- 
 ed oil of the fruit of the Olive-tree, (IXa/a, 
 of the Greeks}, Yh.d" 1 olive, F., oleum oli- 
 vse, L., olivenb'/, G., respectively illus- 
 trate the two principal varieties of fatty or 
 fixed oils. The latter of these, formerly re- 
 garded as an immediate principle of vege- 
 tables, are, again, subdivided into a. the 
 Siccative, Huiles siccatives, F., which, 
 like Castor-o;'/, H. de P alma-Christ i, ou de 
 Ricin, F., ricinuso/, castorii/, G., and lin- 
 seed- and nut-0(7, h. de lin, de noix, F., 
 leino/, und nussol, G., preserve their 
 transparency on desiccation, and evince a 
 greater proneness to rancidity than b. the 
 Non-siccative, h.non-siccatives; of which the 
 almond-oi/, h. d' AMANDE, constitutes 
 a familiar example. The vegetable but- 
 ters, see BEURRE, are oils which as- 
 sume a solid form at the habitual tempera- 
 ture of the country of their production. 
 
 2. The Volatile or Essential Oils, Huiles 
 volatiles, essentielles, ou Essences, F., are, 
 as the Oils of Aniseed and Chamomile, 
 Oleum Anisi et Anthemidis, L., das 
 AnisoY, und KamillenoJ, G., drawn, prin- 
 cipally by distillation, from divers products 
 of the vegetable kingdom. In their medi- 
 cinal operation, they are, for the most part, 
 stimulant, carminative, tonic, or vermifuge. 
 The Oil, or Essence, of Turpentine, H. 
 volatile de Tcrebinthine, F., Oleum Tere- 
 binthinae,L., Turpentine/, G., although 
 in ordinary language, termed a Spirit, 
 Turpentines^, belongs to this clas c .. 
 
 The term was, also, heretofore incor- 
 rectly employed to designate Huids; which, 
 as the oil of vitriol, Yhuile de vitriol, F., 
 das vitriolo/, G., of the older , the Sul- 
 phuric Acid, of modern chemists, possess, 
 with the exception of their consistence, 
 none of the characters of the fixed oils: and 
 even the solid products of the mineral 
 kingdom, exhibiting, as the " Off of Anti- 
 mony" (Chloride, of the moderns), YHuile, 
 ou BEURRE, d'Antlmoine, an oleaginous or 
 buttery appearance, received, from the An- 
 cients, a like inaccurate designation. For 
 an account of the distinguishing characters, 
 and operation, of the various Fixed and 
 Essential Oils employed in Pharmacy, see 
 Nouveau Dictionnaire de Medecine, v. ii., p. 
 39 ; Dictionn. Universel de Matiere Medic. 
 v. hi., p. 351 ; and Schwartze, Pharmako- 
 logische Talellen, Fol. Leipzig, 1819 1826. 
 HUILEUX, adj., oleosus, tXaiu^ns, olig, 
 oily, oleaginous, of the nature, or con- 
 sistence, of oil. 
 
 HUIT DE CHIFFRE, s. m. : in Surgery, 
 the Jiffure of 8 bandage: as applied round 
 the elbow after the operation of blood-let- 
 ting ; and in wounds, and diseases, of the 
 other articulations.
 
 I1UI 
 
 HUITRE, s. m., TO Offrgior, Ostrea, f. 
 L,., die Auster, G., the Oyster : in Con- 
 chology, a. genus belonging to the Family 
 of the Ostrcada, see OST RACES; and com- 
 prehending many species of toothless, in- 
 equivalve, bivalve shells, see CONCHI- 
 FERE ; of which the common oyster, O. 
 
 edulis, YHuitre commune, F., is, from its 
 
 alimentary employment and properties, 
 entitled principally to notice. There are 
 several other edible species of the Family : 
 some of which constitute, in modern Zoo- 
 logy, the types of new genera ; as O. lima, 
 of the genus Lima, and O. maxima, of Pecten. 
 
 O. edulis may be considered chemically, 
 dietetically, and medicinally, in the three 
 various parts, the contained animal and 
 fluid, and the testaceous envelope, of 
 which it is composed. 1. The animal itself, 
 Hitilrier, m. F., a Tethys, according to 
 Linnaeus, but named Peloris by Poli, 
 Testacea Utriusque Sicilia, Fol. Parma?, 
 1791 et 5, is an acephalous Molluscum, 
 of simplest structure among the bivalves, 
 Cuvier, Regne Animal, v. Hi, p. 120; and 
 hermaphrodite. Chemical analysis shows 
 it to consist of water; a fibrous animal 
 substance impregnated with the same salts 
 as sea-water ; a large proportion of osma- 
 zom, gelatine, mucus, and phosphorus in a 
 state of peculiar combination. The white 
 ashes, resulting from calcination, yield the 
 same salts as the fluid of the shell ; and a 
 coal containing the phosphates of iron and 
 lime. It is not acted upon by milk ; be- 
 comes indurated by exposure to the action 
 of fire or immersion in alcohol ; but is dis- 
 solved by the vegetable acids. Hence, the 
 Oyster is best eaten raw with vinegar and 
 light acidulous wines. It is aperient ; and 
 rendered analeptic and stimulant by the ge- 
 latine and osmazom, and aphrodisiac proba- 
 bly by the phosphorus, which it contains. 
 It is contra-indicated in congestive or in- 
 flammatory conditions of the system or 
 more important organs ; and, when eaten 
 by puerperal woman, frequently induces a 
 fatal affection of the brain. See Clarke, 
 Medical Transact., vol. v, p. 109. 2. The 
 fluid of the oyster, YEau des huitres, F., 
 sea-water essentially altered by the secre- 
 tions of the animal, yields the hydro-chlo- 
 rates of soda and magnesia, sulphates of 
 lime and magnesia, and osmazom ; is an 
 intestinal stimulant ; and successfully em- 
 ployed, by the French, as a substitute for 
 the mineral waters of Vichy, in dyspepsia 
 and chronic derangements of the stomach. 
 3. The Shells, Ecailles des Huitres, F., 
 consist principally of carbonate of lime 
 constituting their base, mucus, and the 
 phosphates of lime, iron, and magnesia, 
 with traces of sulphur, oxide of manganese, 
 gelatine, and a fatty matter. Calcination 
 reduces them into carbonate of lime, or 
 
 321 
 
 HUM 
 
 quick-lime, according to the degree of heat 
 employed. They sometimes contain pearly 
 concretions used in French medicine under 
 the title of Perles de Lorraine. Prepared 
 Oyster-shells, Ostrearum Testae prsepa- 
 ratae, L., die Praparirten Austerschalen, 
 G., were formerly valued as antacid and 
 absorbent. See Dictionnaire des Sciences 
 Medicates, v. xxi, p. 608; Pasquier, Essai 
 Medicale sur les Huitres, Paris, 1818 ; 
 Faune des Medec., vol. v, p. 400 ; and Diet. 
 Universel de Matiere Medic., vol. v, p. 1 16. 
 
 HUMBLE, adj., Ta<r/v; : an epithet 
 formerly applied, in Anatomy, to the in- 
 ferior straight muscle, M. humble, F., 
 musculus humilis, L., der niederzieheride 
 Augenmuskel, G., see ABAISSEUR, of 
 the human eye. 
 
 HUMECTANT, adj., humectans, L., 
 befeuchtend, G. : an epithet employed, in 
 Therapeutics, to designate remedies, Re- 
 medes humectans, F., humectantia, L., 
 TO. uygctivovra, anfeuchtende Arzneien, G., 
 which are supposed to augment the fluidi- 
 ty of the blood, and remove the arid condi- 
 tion of an organ. HUMECTATION, s. f., 
 humectatio, f. L., vy^va-is, Anfeucht- 
 ung, f. G. : moistening, the action ofhuincc- 
 ants. HUMECTE, adj., humectatus, hu- 
 mefactus, angefeucht, rendered humid. 
 
 HUMERAL, adj., F. and E. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy and Zoology, to parts 
 or organs which constitute, or are connect- 
 ed with, the shoulder, humerus, L. Thus 
 the term, humeral artery, Artere humerale, 
 F., arteria humeralis, L., die Schulter- 
 schlaqader,G., has, by some writers, been 
 substituted for BRACHIAL : the feathers 
 covering the humeral region, die Schulter- 
 gegend, G., of birds, are named plumes 
 humerales, F. ; and the external angle of 
 the base of the elytra, in certain Insects, 
 the humeral angle. 
 
 HuMLRO-CuBtTAL,adj., humero-cubi- 
 talis, L. : an epithet employed, by Chaus- 
 sier, to designate the Brachialis intermits 
 muscle, see BRACHIAL ; as extending 
 from the humerus to the cubitus or ulna. 
 HuMERo-Sus-METACAHPiEN, adj., hu- 
 mero-supra-metacarpianus, L. : the Ex- 
 tensor carpi radialis longior muscle, see 
 I{ADIAL ; as extending from the humerus 
 to the metacarpus. HUMERO-SUS-RADIAL, 
 adj., humero-supra-radialis, L. : the Su- 
 pinator Radii longus ; as extending from 
 the humerus to the radius. 
 
 HUMERUS, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 from the Latin ; and, in common language, 
 signifying the shoulder, uftes, die Schul- 
 ter, G. : but employed, by Anatomists, to 
 designate the third osseous piece of the 
 thoracic extremity, Brustglied, n. G., 
 of man and other vertebrated animals 
 which possess a clavicle : the second, where 
 that bone does not exist. The arm-bone, 
 
 Y
 
 HYA 
 
 os humeri, L., Oberarmbein,G., is ar- 
 ticulated, above, with the scapula ; below, 
 with the ulna and radius : hence, the two 
 extremities are respectively designated 
 .scapular and cubital. It affords attach- 
 ment, in man, to twenty-three muscles. 
 In Zoology, the term, humerus, is applied 
 to the third, or rather first, piece of the an- 
 terior extremity of Insects- 
 
 HUMEUR, s.f., humor, m. L., Feuch- 
 tigkeit, f., Saft, m. G. : a term employed, 
 in Physiology and Pathology, to designate 
 the fluids of an organized body : in popular 
 language, such fluids, humours or juices, 
 die Safte, G., in a state of real or ima- 
 ginary depravation. Humeurs froides, pi. 
 F. : a popular synonym of Scrofula. In 
 Anatomy, the eye is described as possess- 
 ing three humours, Humores oculares vul- 
 go dicuntur tres, L. : 1. The aqueous, 
 H. aqueuse, F., humor aqueus, .L., die 
 
 wasserige Feuchtigkeit, G., contained 
 
 within the two chambers of the organ : 2. 
 crystalline or lens, H. crystalline, ou le 
 cristallin, h. crystallinus, vel lens crystal- 
 Una, die krystallene Feuchtigkeit : and 3. 
 the vitreous, //. vilree,h. vitreus ; die 
 glaserne Feuchtigkeit, principally consti- 
 tuting the volume of the eye-ball. 
 
 HUMIDE, adj , humidus, L., uygos, 
 feucht, G., damp, moist, impregnated 
 with HUMIDITE, s. f., humiditas, f. L., 
 v^'orns, Feuchtigkeit, f. G., humidity : 
 the condition of a humid body. 
 
 HUMIFUSE, adj. : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to stems of plants which creep 
 along the ground without taking root : also 
 the specific designation of plants whose 
 stems, like that of Hypericum humifusum, 
 are so disposed. 
 
 HUMORAL, adj., humoralis, L. : relat- 
 ing to the humours, see HUMEUR. Hu- 
 MORISME, s.m., humourism : the medical 
 doctrine by which all diseases are referred 
 to some defect in the nature, quantity, or 
 distribution of the fluids of the body, die 
 Flusse im Kb'rper, G. H UMOHISTE, s. m., 
 humourist : a disciple of humourism, a 
 partizan of the humoural pathology, die 
 //Mwiora/pathologie, G. 
 
 HYALITE, s. f7, hyalitis, f. L. : inflam- 
 mation of the hyaloid membrane, die Ent- 
 ziindung der G/oshaut, G., of the eye. See 
 
 HYALOIDE, adj., t/xE/S???, uaX&<j, 
 hyaloides, hyalodes, L., glasahnlich, glas- 
 artig, G., hyaloid, resembling glass : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to one of the 
 humours, Humour hyalo'ide, ou VITREE, 
 F., of the eye ; and to the transparent 
 membrane, M. kyalmde, F., membrana 
 hyaloidea, L., die Glashaut, G., b y which 
 it is enveloped. HYALO'IDIEN, adj., hy- 
 aloideus, L., belonging, as the hyaloid ca- 
 nal, C. hyalo'idien -Petitscher Kanal,G. 
 to the hyaloid membrane. SeeGoDRONNE. 
 
 322 
 
 HYBRIDS, adj., SS^t, hybrid : an epi- 
 thet designative, in Philology, of terms 
 compounded from different languages; as 
 the uncouth CHOLERA-MORBUS, and exe- 
 crable MAMMALOGIE : in Natural Histo- 
 ry, synon. with monf/rel, see METIS. 
 
 HYDARTHRE. HYDARTHROSE. See 
 HYDRARTHROSE. 
 
 HYDATIDE, s. f., ySr/f, hydatis, f. 
 L., Wasserblase, f. G. : a term formerly 
 applied, in Pathology, to all encysted tu- 
 mours which contain an aqueous fluid : in 
 modern Helminthology, to a genus, and 
 still more lately, a Family, of intestinal 
 worms, Vers vesiculaires, characterized 
 by a body wholly, or posteriorly, vesicu- 
 lar. The Linnsean genus, Hydalid, der 
 Blasenwurm, Hydatide, of the Germans, 
 containing numerous and widely different 
 species, is now distributed into the follow- 
 ing genera, ACEFHALOCYSTE, CENURIE, 
 CYSTICERQUE, E'CHINOCOQUE, HYDATI- 
 GEHE, POLYCEPHALE. See Cours d?Hist. 
 Naturclle Medicale, et Pharm., v. i, p, 72. 
 HYDATIDIQ.UE, adj., hydatidosus, L.., 
 affected with hydatids, mil Hydatiden be- 
 haftet,G. : Kyste ou pouchc hydatidique, F., 
 an hydatidous cyst. 
 
 HYDATIDOCELE, s. f., hydatidocele, 
 hernia hydatidosa, L., Wasserblasen- 
 bruch, Blasenwiirmerbruch, m. G. : an her- 
 nia, especially OSCHEOCELE, or an hernia- 
 like swelling, filled with hydatids, eine 
 bruch'dhnliche mit Hydatiden gef ullte Ge- 
 schwullst, G. 
 
 HYDATIGERE, s. f., hydatigera, f. L. : 
 a genus of vesicular Entozoary animals ; 
 the external cyst of which contains an un- 
 attached,and almost always solitary, worm. 
 It comprizes three species ; one of which, 
 //. lanceolata, exists in the muscles of man. 
 
 HYDATISME, s. m., iSar/^oj, Hyda- 
 tismus, in. Li. and G. ? : in Pathology, the 
 sound occasioned by the fluctuation of an 
 effused fluid in a cavity of the body. 
 
 HYDATOlDE,adj., i>%a.roii&ri;,vba,ra%ns, - 
 
 hydatoides, aqueus, aquosus, L., wasser- 
 ig, G., hydatoid, aqueous, resembling wa- 
 ter : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the aqueous humour, see HUMEUR, of 
 the eye ; and to the pellucid membrane by 
 which the two chambers of that organ are 
 invested. 
 
 HYDRACIDE, s. m., hydracidum, n. L., 
 Wasserstoffsaure, G. : an acid, which re- 
 sults from the combination of a simple 
 combustible body with hydrogen. 
 
 HYDRAGOGUE,adj ujjaya/yoj, hydfa- 
 
 gogus, L. : an epithet applied, in Thera- 
 peutics, to remedies, T i^^Kyuya, medi- 
 caminahydragoffa,lj., wassertreibendeArz- 
 neien, G., which, like drastic purgatives 
 and diuretics, possess the property of eva- 
 cuating serum effused into the organic tis- 
 sues, or the cavities, of the animal body.
 
 HYD 
 
 HYDBARGYRE, s. m., l\.yv^, hy- 
 drargyrum, n. L -, Quecksilber, n. G., 
 quicksilver, seeMERcuRE. The metal, 
 in its native state, was the uy^o; %vres, 
 of the Greeks- 
 
 HYDRARGYRIE, s. f., hydrargyria, f. 
 (vlgogpftf*^ mercury), L. : in Pathology, a 
 vesicular cutaneous eruption, attributed, 
 by modern writers, to the abuse of mer- 
 cwry. It is the mercurial disease, la ma- 
 ladie mercurielle, F., morbus mercurialis, 
 
 L., die Quecksilberkrankheil, G., the 
 
 mercurial Eczema, Erythema^ and Lepra, of 
 various writers. 
 
 HYDRARGYRO-PNEUMATIQUE, adj., 
 hydrargyro-pneumaticus, L. : in Chemis- 
 try, the name of a vessel, Cum a Mercure, 
 F., employed for the collection of gases 
 which are soluble in water. 
 
 HYDRARGYROSE, s. f., hydrargyrosis, 
 f. L., Quecksilbereinreibung, f. G., 
 mercurial friction. Synon. with the Latin 
 
 substantive, Hydrargyranatripsis, H Y- 
 
 DRARGYRANATRIPSIE, s. f.? compounded 
 of the Greek l^^a.^yv^o; t and avdr^-^is, fric- 
 tion ; and employed, by Kraus, to express 
 Einreibung einer Quecksilbcrsalbe. 
 
 HYDRARTHRE, s. f., hydrarthron, n., 
 hydrarthrus, m. (v^u^ water, 0,^^011, a 
 joint) hydrops articulorum, L., Gelenk- 
 wassersucht, f. G., dropsy of a joint. HY- 
 DRARTHROSIE, s. f., hydrarthrosis, f. I>. : 
 a term employed, in the Nosologie Natu- 
 relle of Alibert, to designate articular dropsy. 
 
 HYDRATE, s. m., hydras, n. L.., Hy- 
 drat, n. G. : in Chemistry, a body compos- 
 ed of water, $$ug, and a metallic oxide. 
 HYDBATE, adj., hydratus, L., gewas- 
 sert, G., hydrated. 
 
 HYDRAULICIUE, adj., hydraulicus 
 
 (ificag, water, auXo;, a tube), L., hydrau- 
 lich, G., hydraulic : the adjective desig- 
 nation of a machine employed in raising 
 water. H YDRAULICOJE, s. f., hydraulica, 
 f. L., die Hydraulik, Wasserleitung- 
 kunst, G., hydraulics : the science which 
 relates to the direction and raising of water. 
 
 HYDRELJEOST, s. m., vl^a,n>v, hydre- 
 laeum, n. L. : a mixture of oil and water, 
 eine Vermischung von Oel mit Wasser, G. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALE, s. f., hydrencepha- 
 lion, n., hydrencephalus, m. (u^j, water, 
 lyxs^aXaj, the brain), L., der innere Was- 
 serkopf, die Hirnhohlenwassersucht, G. : 
 internal hydrocephalus, dropsy of the ven- 
 tricles of thebrain. HYDREVCEPHALIQUE, 
 adj., hydrencephalicus, L., hydrenke- 
 phalisch, G., hydrencephalic : an epithet 
 applied, in Pathology, to the scream, Cri 
 hydrencephalique, F.,- uttered by children 
 when suffering from acute hydrocephalus. 
 
 HYDRENCEPHALOCELE, s. f. See HY- 
 DRO-ENCEPHALOCELE. 
 
 HYDRENTEROCELE, s. f., hydrentero- 
 cele (ir'Saij, water, bT%v, the intestine, 
 
 323 
 
 HYD 
 
 *x>j, an hernial swelling), L. ; Wasser- 
 darmbruch, m. G. : intestinal hernia, with 
 a collection of serum in the sac. HYDREJT- 
 TEHOMPHALE, s. f., hydrenteromphalus, 
 m. (S^ta^, IvTsgov, op$a,\oi, the navel), ., 
 Darmwassernabelbruch, m. G.: umbilical 
 hernia, with collection of water in the sac. 
 
 HYDRIODATE, s. m., hydriodas, n. L, , 
 Hydriodat, n. G. : in Chemistry, a ge- 
 nus of salts, hydriodsaure Salze, G., re- 
 sulting from the combination of hydriodic 
 acid, acidehydriodique, F., acidum hydri- 
 odicum, L., HydriodssMre, lodwasserstoff- 
 saure, G., a gaseous compound of hydro- 
 gen and iodine, with salifiable bases. H 
 iodure: an hydriodate, holding iodine in so- 
 lution. 
 
 HYDROA, s. m., hidroa, vel hidrota, f. 
 L.: a term, in Pathology, of uncertain 
 origin and signification ; but probably de- 
 rived from the Greek lfy&>;, or fyuet ; and 
 employed to denote a papular eruption of 
 the skin, sudamina, papulae sudorales, L.., 
 Hitzblattern, Schwitzblattern, G., in- 
 duced by heat, or profuse perspiration. 
 
 HYDRCCAHBOxiauE.adj., hydrocarbo- 
 nicus, L. : an epithet applied, by Thom- 
 son, to an inflammable gas, Oxide hydro- 
 carbonique, F., of peculiar odour, result- 
 ing from distillation of hydrocyanate of po- 
 tass and iron with sulphuric acid. 
 
 HYDROCARDIE, s. f, hydrocardia, f. L. 
 Synon. with HYDROPERICARDE. 
 
 HYDROCELE, s. f., vfyox'/iXw, hydro- 
 cele, f. L., Wasserbruch, m. G. : in Sur- 
 gical Pathology, a morbid collection of se- 
 rum in the coverings, or body, of the tes- 
 tis, or its appendages. This serous effu- 
 sion may take place, l.in the cellular tissue 
 of the scrotum ; and is then named, in 
 French, H. externe ou par infiltration: 2. 
 in the coverings of the testis, or spermatic 
 cord, H. interne ou par epanchement. 
 When the tunica vaginalis constitutes its 
 immediate seat, the disease is designated, 
 H. de la tunique vaginale ; and to this the 
 epithet, congeniale, congenital, is added, 
 if that membrane communicate freely with 
 the abdominal cavity. Existing in the 
 spermatic cord, it is termed, lastly, H. du 
 cordon spermatique . 
 
 HYDROCEPHALE, s. m., hydropisie de la 
 
 tete, u'S^oxiip aXov, ugfc<p>.<jy, hydroce- 
 
 phalon, n., hydrocephalus, m. L., Was- 
 serkopf, m., die Wassersucht des Haupts, 
 G., Dropsy of the head may take place, 1. 
 externally to the cranial bones. It is then 
 oedema of the subcutaneous tissue of the 
 hairy scalp ; and constitutes the H. externe 
 of French , hydrocephalus externus, of La- 
 tin , and der aussere Wasserkopf, of Ger- 
 man writers. 2. Internally, it is the H. 
 interne, H. internus, innerer Wasser- 
 kopf, dropsy of the brain, respectively, of 
 those languages. Infernal hydrocephalus 
 
 Y2
 
 HYD 
 
 exhibits two varieties : a. the Acute, H. 
 interne digue, see HYDRENCEPHALE, 
 which, attacking children, retains simply 
 the designation of H. aiaue, F., der hit- 
 zige Wasserkopf, G. ; but, in the aged, is 
 termed Serous Apoplexy : and b. the chro- 
 nic, H. interne chronique, F., consisting 
 of an accumulation of serum in the cere- 
 bral ventricles, and ordinarily complicated 
 with great augmentation of the volume of 
 the head. HYDROCEPHALIQ.UE, adj., 
 
 ufyoKi<pct*.ixos, -hydrocephalicus, hydro- 
 
 kephalibch, G. ? hydrocephalic : connect- 
 ed with, suffering from, dropsy of the head. 
 
 H YDROCEPHALIE, s. f, hydrocephalia, 
 f. JL. : a term applied, by Alibert, to hydro- 
 cephalic affections ; and constituting the 
 first genus of Leucoses, in the Nosologie 
 Naturelle. HYDROCEPHALITE, s. f., hy- 
 drocephalitis, f. L. : inflammation of the 
 brain terminating in ventricular effusion 
 of serum. See HYDROCEPHALE. 
 
 HYDROCHIMIE, s.f., seeCniMiE, hy- 
 drochymia, f. L. : that part of chemistry 
 which relates more especially to water, 
 vlu, and other fluids. 
 
 HYDROCHLORATE,S. m., hydrochloras, 
 n. JL. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, 
 salzsaure Salze, G., resulting from com- 
 bination of hydro-chloricacid, Acide hydro- 
 chlorique, F., acidum hydrochloricum, L., 
 Salzsaure, Chlorwasserstoffsaure, G., 
 itself a compound of hydrogen and chlorine, 
 with salifiable bases. Several of the hy- 
 drochlorates are largely employed in medi- 
 cine, and the arts: as 1. Hydrochlorate, 
 formerly muriate, of lime, H. de calcium, 
 F., hydrochloras calcii, L., hydrochlorin- 
 saures Kalk, G. ; 2. of Soda, H. de so- 
 dium, sel commun, hydrochloras sodii, 
 
 CA/ornatronium, salzsaures Sodiumoxyd, 
 gemeines Salz ; and 3. of Ammonia, 
 H. d'ammoniaque, hydrochloras ammonise, 
 hydrochlorinsaures , salzsaures Ammo- 
 nium. 
 
 HYDHOCHLORONITRIQUE, adj. : an epi- 
 thet employed, in Chemistry, to designate 
 an acid, acidum hydrochloronitricum, L., 
 consisting of a mixture of the hydrochlo- 
 ric and nitric acids. It is the Eau regale, 
 aqua regia, of the older French and La- 
 fin writers ; and das Konigswasser, Gold- 
 scheidewasser, of the Germans. 
 
 HYDROCIRSOCELE, s. f., hydrocirso- 
 cele, f. (tl$&>, water, xigros, a varix, xfay, 
 hernia), L,., Wasserkrampfaderbruch, m. 
 G. : hydrocele complicated with a varicose 
 state of the veins of the spermatic cord. 
 
 HYDROCYANATE, s. m., hydrocyanas, 
 n. L. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, 
 blausaure Salze, G., resulting from com- 
 bination of hydrocyanic acid, Acide hydro- 
 cyanique, F., acidurn hydrocyanic-urn, JL., 
 Blausaure, Hydrocyansauie, Cyanwasser- 
 s/o/fsaure, G., with divers salifiable bases. 
 321 
 
 HYD 
 
 HYDROCYSTE, s. f., hydrocystis, f. 
 
 (ulnae, water, xiW/j, a bladder), L., Was- 
 serblase, G. ? : a cyst containing a serous 
 fluid. SeeHYDATiDE. 
 
 HYDRODERME, s. f., hydroderma, n. 
 (same, and VI^K, the skin), hydrops cutis, 
 JL., dropsy of the skin. See ANASARQUE. 
 
 HYDRODYNAMIQUE, s. f., hydrodyna- 
 mica, f. (same, and ^uta./j.i;, power), L., 
 Wasserkraftlehre,f G., Hydrodynamics: 
 that part of Physical Science which treats 
 of the motion of fluids, and the laws of 
 equilibrium and pressure to which they 
 are subjected. 
 
 HYDRO-ENCEPHALCCELE, s. f, hy- 
 drencephalocele, f. (ffi&i%, water, iyxitpa- 
 *./>;, the brain, xr,Xv, hernia), L. : a term, 
 in Pathology, correctly signifying hernia, 
 complicated with dropsy, of the brain, 
 Hirnwasserbruch, m. G. ; but employed, 
 by the French, to designate ' dropsy of the 
 ventricles of the brain, with separation of 
 the cranial bones, and enlargement of the 
 volume of the head ;" and, consequently, 
 a synonym of chronic Hydrocephalus inter- 
 nus. See HYDROCEPHALE, and HYDREN- 
 
 CEPHALOCELE. 
 
 HYDRO-ENTEROCELE. See HYDREIT- 
 
 TEROCELE. HYDRO-ENTERO-EPIPLOCELE, 
 
 s. f., hydrentero-epiplocele, f. (i'^j, wa- 
 ter, Ivrsjovjintestine, IWfl-Xov,omentum, 
 xx>j, hernia), L., Wasserdarmbruch, 
 m. G. : enter o-epiplocele, complicated with 
 effusion of serum into the hernial sac, or 
 with hydrocele. 
 
 HYDRO-ENTEROMPHALE. See HY- 
 
 DRENTEROMPHALE. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLOCELE, s. f., hydrepiplo- 
 cele, f. (ifiui(>, water, and EPIPLOCELE), \ t . t 
 Netzwasserbruch, m. G. : omental her- 
 nia, complicated with serous effusion into 
 the sac, or with hydrocele. HYDRO-EPI- 
 PLO-ENTEROCELE. See HYDRO-NTE- 
 
 HO-EPIPLOCELE. 
 
 HYDRO-EPIPLOMPHALE, s. f., hydre- 
 piplomphalus, m. (ift<u, water, i-z-ivXaev, 
 
 omentum, o/*ipaXo,-, the navel), L., 
 
 Wassernetznabelbruch, m. G. : umbilical 
 hernia, with serous effusion into the sac. 
 
 HYDROGALE, s. m., hydrogala, f. JL. : 
 a mixture of water, i'Swj, and milk, yaX, 
 Melange d'eau et de lait, F., mistura 
 aquae cum lacte, -L-, ein Getrank aus Was- 
 ser und Milch, G. 
 
 HYDROGENE, s. m., hydrogenium, n. 
 (u^ta^, water, ytvva.u, to produce), L., 
 Wasserstoff, Wasserstoff'gas, m. G., hy- 
 drogen : a simple body, hitherto known 
 only in a gaseous state ; and so named as 
 forming water in combination with oxygen. 
 HYDROGENE, adj., hydrogenatus, m. JL. : 
 containing hydrogen in combination. 
 
 HYDROGENESES, s. f. pi. : a term appli- 
 ed, by Baumes, to diseases which he regards 
 as consequent on faulty hydrogenation of
 
 HYD 
 
 the system. It forms the 3rd Class of his 
 Nosological Scale ; and includes intermit- 
 tent and remittent fevers. 
 
 HYDROGLOSSE, s. f., hydroglossa, f. 
 (VSaig, water, yXaWa, the tongue), L. : an 
 inaccurate synonym of GRENOUILLETTE. 
 The salivary duct, not the tongue, consti- 
 tutes the seat of the swelling in Eanula. 
 
 HYDROGNOSIE, s. f., hydrognosia,f. L.: 
 HYDROGRAPHIE, s. f, hydrographia, f. 
 L.: HYDROLOGIE, s. f., hydrologia, f. L. : 
 compounds of the Greek VSug, water, and 
 yviaffis, knowledge, y<pa>, to describe, 
 t-oyos, discourse; and employed, in Sci- 
 ence, to respectively designate the history, 
 and description of- , and a treatise on the 
 waters of the terrestrial globe. Anglicized 
 by conversion of the final ie into y : ger- 
 manized by the prefix of the feminine arti- 
 cle, die, without such conversion. 
 
 HYDRO-MEDIASTINE, s. f., hydro-me- 
 diastinum, n., hi/drops mediastini, L., 
 Mittelfellwassersucht, f. G. : effusion of 
 serum into the mediastinum. 
 
 HYDHOMEL, s. m., ufyof*,t*.i, hydro- 
 mel, n. L., Honigwasser, n. G. : a fluid 
 compound of honey and water. In the 
 state of simple hydromel, it constitutes a 
 diluent and laxative beverage. It acquires, 
 from fermentation, intoxicating proper- 
 ties ; and is then known as the vinous hy- 
 dromel, H. vineuse, of French , Meth, 
 of German , Meede, of Flemish , and 
 mead of British writers. 
 
 HYDROMETHE, s. f., hydrometra, f. 
 (u$u, water, pyr^a,, the womb), hi/drops ute- 
 ri, L., Gebarmutterwassersucht, f. G., 
 dropsy of the womb. 
 
 HYDROMETRE, s. m.. hydrometrum, 
 n. (same, and uir^av, measure), L., Hydro- 
 meter, Wassermesser, m. G. : an instru- 
 ment employed to determine the specific 
 gravity, and" different properties, of fluids. 
 HYDROMETRIE, s. f., F. and G-, hydro- 
 metria, f. L., hydrometry : a branch of 
 Physics. HYDROMkTRiauE,adj., hydro- 
 metricus, L,., hydrometrisch, G- ? hy- 
 drometrical : relating to the employment 
 of the hydrometer, or the science of hydro- 
 metn/. 
 
 HYDHOMPHALE, s. f., hydromphalus, 
 m. (u'S&ij, water, o^ipa.Aof, the navel), L., 
 Nabelwassergeschwullst, f. G. : a tumour 
 formed by accumulation of serum in the 
 sac of umbilical hernia ; or, simply, disten- 
 sion of the navel by the fluid ofascites. 
 
 HYDRONOSE, s. f., hidronosis, f. (same, 
 or, more correctly, fyas, sweat, and i><rj, 
 a disease), L. : ephemeral fever with per- 
 spiration, Schweissfieber, n. G. : accord- 
 ing to some writers, the sweating sickness, 
 sudor Anglicanus, L., die Schweiss- 
 krankheit, G. 
 
 HYDRO-PERICAHDE, s. f., hydroperi- 
 cardium, n. (same, and tfipxiifimv, the pe- 
 
 325 
 
 HYD 
 
 cardium), L., Herzbeutelwassersucht, f. 
 G., dropsy of the pericardium. HYDRO- 
 PERICARDIE, s. f., hydropericardia, f. L. : 
 the fourth genus of the Leucoses, in the 
 Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 HYDHO-PERITOINE, s, m., hydroperi- 
 toneum, n. L. ; HYDROFLEVHE, s. f., 
 hydropleura, f. L.. ; HYDROPNEUMOTHO- 
 RAX, s. m., n. L. : terms, in Pathology, 
 respectively compounded of il^ug, water, 
 5Tg/Tavs/(jv ; orXswja ; and <xviu[t.a,, in conjunc- 
 tion with 6u^u.\ : and employed to respec- 
 tively designate dropsy of the peritoneum, 
 see ASCITE ; of the pleura, HYDKO- 
 THORAX ; and effusion of serum and gas 
 into the thoracic cavities. 
 
 HYDROPHLOGOSE, s. f., hydrophlogo- 
 sis, f. ('&, water, <pXoy<w<nj, inflammation), 
 Jj. : inflammation terminating in serous ef- 
 fusion. In like manner, HYDROMENIK- 
 GITE, s. f., hydromeningitis, f. L. ; and 
 HYDRORCHITE, s. f., hydrorchitis, f. L., 
 compounds of tfiug with ^Jiv/yg, and o^n, 
 are respectively employed to designate 
 inflammation of the cerebral membranes, 
 see MENINGITE ; and of the testis, see 
 ORCKIT E, which terminates in serous ef- 
 fusion. 
 
 HYDROPHOBIE, s., u&^o^ia,, hydro- 
 phobia, f. L , \Vasserscheu, f. G. : a term 
 improperly employed to designate the pe- 
 culiar and horrible disease, consequent on 
 the bite of a rabid animal. Dread of wa- 
 ter, its literal signification, is merely a 
 symptom of Rabies, see RAGE, as of A- 
 rachnitls, Encephalitis, and Angina. HY- 
 DROPHOBE, s. m., t/^^oifoSos, hydropho- 
 bus, L. : an individual suffering from hy- 
 drophobia. HYDROPHOBIQUE, adj., u\o- 
 QO&IKOS, hydrophobicus, hydrophobisch, 
 hydrophobic : attacked with, or relating 
 to, hydrophoby. 
 
 HYDROPHTHAT.MIE,S., hydrophthal- 
 mia, f. (S2u, water, oQtiaZ./x.os, the eye), L., 
 Wasserauge, n. G., dropsy of the eye- 
 ball. HYDROPHTHALMION, s. m., n. L. : 
 the livid and cedematous swelling which 
 surrounds the eye in weakly and cachectic 
 subjects. 
 
 HYDHOPHTHORATE, s. m., hydroph- 
 thoras, n. L. : a genus of salts resulting 
 from the combination of hydrophthoric 
 formerly termed fluoric acid, Acide hy- 
 drophthorique, F., a compound of hydrogen 
 and phthoron, see PHTHORE, with sali- 
 fiable bases. 
 
 HYDROPHYSOCELE, s. f., hydrophyso- 
 cele, f. (ffiuf, water, Qvtra, wind, xt*.*, 
 hernia), L., Wasserwindbruch,m.G.: her- 
 nia containing serum and gas. HYDRO- 
 PHYSOMETRE, s. , hydrophysometra, f. 
 (2Sg, <p?<ra, and fiwrga, the womb), L. : 
 an accumulation of serum and #as in the 
 (cavity of the) womb, eine Ansammlung 
 von Wasser und Litft im Uterus, G.
 
 HYD 
 
 HYJDROPHYTOLOGIE, s. f., F. and G., 
 hydrophytologia, f. (uS&>g, water, Qvrov, a 
 plant, Hoya, a discourse), L. : a Treatise 
 on water-plants, Hydrophyta, n. lj. pL, 
 die Wasserpflanzen, G. 
 
 HYDROPISIE, s. f., t/S^^, hydrops, f. 
 L,., Hydropsie, Wassersucht, f. G., 
 dropsy : a generic term, in Nosology, com- 
 prehending every morbid accumulation of 
 serum in the cavities, or areolae, naturally 
 lubricated by that fluid, or in cysts, and 
 cavities, of adventitious formation. HY- 
 DRonauE, adj., VSgwvixos, hydropicus, 
 hydropisch, wassersuchtig, hydropic, 
 dropsical: suffering from, or connected 
 with, dropsy. 
 
 HYDRO-PNEUMATOCELE, s. Synon. 
 with HYDROPHYSOCELE. 
 
 HYDROPNEUMONiE,s.f-, hydropneum- 
 onia, f. (ulug , water, irnv/j.wv, the lung), L,. , 
 L.ungenwassersucht,f.G., hydropneumo- 
 ny: oedema infiltration of serum into the 
 cellular tissue of the lungs, Wasseran- 
 sammlung in Zellgewebe der Lungen, G- 
 
 HYDROPNEUMOSARQUE, s. f., hydro- 
 pneumosarca, f. (V$ag, rvtv/^.a, o-j|), L. : 
 an abscess containing water, air, and flesh, 
 probably a collection of extravasated 
 blood, from which, during its decomposi- 
 tion, gas has been extricated. 
 
 HYDROPOIDE, adj., hydropoides, L. : 
 an epithet applied to the watery excretions 
 of the dropsical. 
 
 HYDROPOsiE,s.f., iifyovoffia, hydropo- 
 sia,f.L., Wassertrinken,n.G. : the exclu- 
 sive use of water as beverage. H YDROPOTE, 
 s. m., v^^-rarns, hydropota, hydropotes, 
 m. L., Wassertrinker, m. G., a water- 
 drinker. 
 
 HYDROPYRETIQUE, adj., hidropyreti- 
 cus, L., hidropyretic : suffering from, or 
 connected with, sweating-fever. 
 
 HYDRORACHIS, s. f. (Vlug, water, pu%is, 
 the spine), F. et L., Ruckgratswasser- 
 sucht, f. G. : a collection of serum in the 
 membranes of the spinal cord, dropsy of the 
 spinal canal. This disease may exist with, 
 or without, lesion of the osseous parietes. 
 In the former case, it is the Spina bifida, 
 of authors, and invariably congenital. 
 The latter is little known. 
 
 HYDROSACCHARUM, s. m. (8$ug, <rx- 
 %<*zov, sugar), F., n. L., Zuckerwasser, 
 n. G., EAU sucree, F., Sugar-water. 
 
 HYDROSARCOCELE, s. f., hydrosarco- 
 cele, f. (S^eag, and tra,(>xox:'fan, a fleshy tu- 
 mour of the scrotum), L., Fleischwasser- 
 bruch, m. G. : a swelling formed by dropsy 
 of the tunica vaginalis, and by scirrhous or 
 carcinomatous enlargement of the body of 
 the testis. More correctly, SARCO-HY- 
 DROCELE. 
 
 HYDROSARQUE, s. f., hydrosarca, f. 
 (same, and a-ajg, flesh), L. : a tumour, ac- 
 cording to Severinus, which contains wa- 
 
 326 
 
 HYE 
 
 ter and masses of flesh, eine Geschwullst, 
 die zugleich Wasser und fleischichte Masse 
 enthalt, G. ; probably coagula of blood 
 separated from the serum : according to 
 Nysten, a synonym of Anasarca. 
 
 HYDRO-SELkKiATE, s. m., hydrosele- 
 nias, n. L. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, 
 hydroselensaure Salze, G., resulting 
 from the combination of a gaseous, colour- 
 less, and deleterious acid, Acide hydrosc- 
 linique, F., Hydroselensaure, G., com- 
 posed of hydrogen and selenium, with sali- 
 fiable bases. 
 
 HYDROSTATICUJE, s. f., hydrostatica,f. 
 (o'Ja>, water, <r<ra.ffts, condition), L., die 
 Hyarostatik, Wasserstandlehre, G., Hy- 
 drostatics : that part of Physical Science, 
 which treats on the weight and equilibrium 
 of fluids. 
 
 HYDROSULFATE, s. m., hydrosulphas, 
 n. Li. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, 
 
 hydrothionsaure Salze, G., resulting 
 
 from the combination of hydrosulphuric 
 acid, Acide hydrosulfurique, F., Hydro- 
 thionsaure, Schwefelwasserstoffs&ure, G., 
 with salifiable bases. Synon. with HY- 
 
 DROTHIONATE. HYDROSULFUBEUX,adj., 
 
 hydrosulphurosus, L. : the name of an 
 acid composed of equal volumes of the 
 sulphuretted hydrogen and sulphurous 
 acid gases. 
 
 HYDROTELLURATE, s m., hydrotel- 
 luras, n. L. : a genus of salts resulting 
 from the combination of an acid, Acide 
 hydrotellurigue, F., acidum hydrotelluri- 
 cum, I*., HydrotellursaiUre, Tellurwasser- 
 stoffsHure, G., composed of hydrogen and 
 tellurium, with salifiable bases. 
 
 HYDROTHORAX, s. m., ySgo^ag, hy- 
 drothorax, hydrops pectoris, L., Brust- 
 wassersucht, f. G., dropsy of the chest, ef- 
 fusion of serum into one or both of the ca- 
 vities of the pleura : a morbid condition, 
 sometimes consequent on inflammation of 
 the lung or pleura ; more frequently, on 
 organic lesion of the heart. 
 
 HYDROTHIOXICIUE, adj., hydrothioni- 
 cus, L. : an epithet composed of ii^u^, wa- 
 ter, and faiov, sulphur; and applied, by 
 the Germans, to hydrosulphuric acid. See 
 HYDROSULFATE. Hydrothion, s. n. L., 
 Schwefelwasserstoff,m. G , sulphuretted 
 hydrogen. 
 
 HYDROTITE, s. f., hydrotitis, f. (Slug, 
 water, eu;, ares, the ear), L., dropsy of 
 the ear. 
 
 HYDROXANTIQUE, adj., hydroxanthi- 
 cus, L. : an epithet formerly applied to an 
 acid, Hydroxanthsaure, G., now recog- 
 nized as the xanthic. See XANTHIQUE. 
 
 HYDRURE, s. m., hydruretum, n. L. : 
 a compound of hydrogen with a metal. 
 
 HYEMAL, adj., hyemalis, L., winter- 
 lich, G. : an epithet employed, in Medi- 
 cine and Natural History, to designate
 
 HYM 
 
 morbid affections, Maladies hyimales, F., 
 which prevail ; plants, which, as Equi- 
 setum hyemale, flourish ; and natural 
 phenomena which, as the hyemal torpor, 
 der Winterschlaf, G., of certain animals, 
 occur especially, or exclusively, in winter, 
 hyems, L. 
 
 HYEROPYRE. See HIEROPYRE. 
 
 HYGIENE, s. f., hygieine, (Tyiuu, 
 health, the Goddess of health, of the 
 Greeks), L., Gesundheitslehre, f. G. : 
 pars Medicinse quse sanitatem conservandi 
 modum per qusedam remedia, eorumque 
 usum, et rerum non naturalium efficaciam 
 in corpus humanum docet, L. HYGIE- 
 NIQ.UE, adj., iiyiivos, hygieinicus, hy- 
 gienic : relative to the art, n uyiwri, of 
 preserving health. 
 
 HYGROBLEPHARIQ.UE, adj., hygroble- 
 pharicus, (vypos, moist, watery, fi^iipagov, 
 the eye-lid), L. : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the excretory ducts, and 
 their orifices, of the lacrymal gland. 
 
 HYGROCIRSOCELE. See HYDROCIRSO- 
 CELE. 
 
 HYGROMETRE, s. m., hygrometrum, 
 n. (i/ygos, moist, pirgov, a measure), L., 
 Feuchtigkeitsmesser, m., Hygrometer, n. 
 G. : an instrument employed, in hygrome- 
 try, HYGROMETHIE, s. f., F. and G., 
 hygrometria, f. L. : that part of Physical 
 Science which relates to the appreciation, 
 or admeasurement, of the quantity of aque- 
 ous vapour contained in the atmosphere. 
 HYGROMETRIQTTE, adj., hygrometricus, 
 hygrometrisch, hygrometrical : per- 
 taining to hygrometry, or its instruments. 
 
 HYGROPHOBIE. Synon. with HYDRO- 
 PHOBIE. 
 
 HYGROPHTHALMKIUE. Syn. with HY- 
 
 GROBLEPHARIQ.UE. 
 
 HYGROSCOPE. HYGROSCOPIE. Synon. 
 with HYGROMETRE, and HYGHOMETHIE. 
 
 HYMEN, s. in. (v^v, a skin or mem- 
 brane, also the genius presiding over mar- 
 riage), F. et L., Hymen, Jungfernhaut- 
 chen, n. G. : in Anatomy, a semilunar, pa- 
 rabolic, or circular fold of mucous mem- 
 brane, which partly, or wholly, closes the 
 entrance of the vagina of woman, and the 
 female of divers other Mammifera, in the 
 virgin state. Its presence may be ordi- 
 narily regarded as a sign of physical virgi- 
 nity : its absence does not invariably indi- 
 cate defloration. In some cases, it does 
 not naturally exist. On rupture by acci- 
 dent or copulation, its relics constitute the 
 Canmculce myrtiformes. See CARONCULE. 
 
 HYMENOGRAPHIE, HYMENGLOGTE, 
 HYMENONOTOMIE, s. f., F. and G-, hy- 
 menographia, hymenologia, hymenotomia, 
 f. L. : terms respectively compounded of 
 uf&vv, a membrane, and ypiiQu, to describe, 
 Xayaj, a discourse, and m^/t, incision ; 
 and employed, in Anatomy, to designate a 
 
 327 
 
 HYO 
 
 description of, treatise on, and dissection of, 
 the membranes of animal bodies. The lat- 
 ter term is also used, in Surgery, to de- 
 note incision of the hymen, when, from the 
 imperforate state of that membrane, it ob- 
 structs the menstrual rlow, thus produc- 
 ing the Amenorrhasa hymenica, of some 
 continental writers ; the exercise of the 
 generative act ; or expulsion of the foetus 
 in parturition. 
 
 HYMENOPTERES, s. f. pi., Hymenopte- 
 ra, pi. (vp.ni/, a membrane, VTi(>i>v, a wing), 
 L., die Hymenopteren, G. : in Zoology, 
 an Order of Insects, characterized, as the 
 bee-, wasp-, and ichneumon-families, by 
 the presenceoffour thin membranous wings. 
 HYMENOPTEROLOGUE, s. m., hymenop- 
 terologus, m. L., Hymenopterolog, m. 
 G. : a student of hymenopterology, H Y- 
 MENOPTEROLOGIE, s. f. F. and G., hy- 
 menopterologia, f. L. : that part of ento- 
 mological Science, which regards hymenop- 
 terous insects. 
 
 HYO-CHONDRO-GLOSSE, adj. : a syno- 
 nym used, by Dumas, for HYO-GLOSSE. 
 
 HYO-EPIGLOTTIQUE, adj., hyo-epi- 
 glotticus, L. : an epithet sometimes em- 
 ployed to designate a band of condensed 
 cellular tissue, Ligament hyo-epialottiqiie, 
 F. ; which extends from the posterior 
 part of the body of the hyoid bone to the 
 base of the epiglottis. 
 
 HYO-GLOSSE, s. m. and adj., hyoglos- 
 sus, JLI. : a term applied, in Anatomy, to a 
 broad and slender muscle, M. hyo-glosse, 
 
 F., Zungenbeinzungenmuskel, G., 
 
 which extends, on each side, from the 
 greater horn, the summit of the body, and 
 the lesser horn and adjacent cartilage, of 
 the hyoid bone, to the tongue. Albinus 
 was induced, from this triple insertion, to 
 describe the hyo-glossus as three distinct 
 muscles, Cerato-, Basio-, and Chondro-glos- 
 sus. SeeCEHATO-, BASIO-, andCnoNDRO- 
 GLOSSE. HYO-GLOSSIEN, adj., hyo-glos- 
 sianus, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the ninth cerebral nerve, of the older 
 anatomists, Nerf hyoglosse, F. ; as distri- 
 buted principally upon the tongue, and on 
 the muscles which connect that organ 
 with the hyoid bone. See HYPOGLOSSE. 
 
 HYO-GLOSSO-BASI-PHARYNGIEN, adj., 
 hyo-glosso-basi-pharyngeus, L. : a term 
 applied, by Dumas, to the Constrictor pha- 
 ryngis medius muscle ; from its attach- 
 ments. See CONSTRICTEUR, 6. 
 
 HYOI'DE, s. m. and adj., uau^; : in A- 
 natomy, a term employed to designate an 
 azygous or pairless bone, VHydide, ou os 
 lingual, F., vaults o<r<rovv, os hyodes, vel 
 hyoides, L., .Zungenbein, G., hyoid or 
 tongue bone, suspended horizontally be- 
 tween the base of the tongue and the la- 
 rynx. It is named hyoid from its resem- 
 blance, in figure, to the Greek f ; lingual,
 
 HYP 
 
 from its intimate relation to the tongue, 
 lingua, L. It consists of five distinct os- 
 sicula, a central body, two greater and 
 two lesser cornna ; and is developed by 
 five points of ossification. It has no os- 
 seous connection with the skeleton ; and 
 is described, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, 
 Philosophic Anatomique, tome i, p. 141, as 
 consisting of nine elements or pieces. 
 HYOIDIEN, adj., hyoideus, L. : belong- 
 ing to the hyoid bone : as the hyoideal mus- 
 cles, musculi hyoidcel, L., die Zitngen- 
 iewmuskeln, G. Appareil hyo'ldien, F. : a 
 term applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to 
 the whole assemblage of parts constituting 
 the system of the hyoid bone. 
 
 HYO-PHARYNGiEN,adj., hyo-pharyng- 
 eus, L. : a synonym of the Constrictor pha- 
 ryngls medius muscle. HYO-STERNAL, 
 adj., hyo-sternalis, L. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to the third 
 piece of the sternum. 
 
 HYO-THYROIDIEN, s. m. and adj., hyo- 
 thyroideus, L. : a term sometimes applied 
 to the thyro-hyoid muscle, M. thyro-hyo'id- 
 ien, F., thyro-hyoideus, L., Zungen- 
 beinschildknorpelmuskel, G. ; as extend- 
 ing from the hyoid bone to the thyroid car- 
 tilage. 
 
 HYPERBORE, adj., hynerboreus, (t>*\, 
 beyond, Bo^a;, the north), L., hyperbo- 
 reisch, G hyperboreal : an epithet em- 
 ployed, by Geographers and Naturalists, 
 to designate the countries of Europe and 
 Asia, Regions hyperbore.es, F., which are 
 situated in the vicinity of the polar circle ; 
 the families of man, Race hyperboree, F., 
 as the Esquimaux and Laplanders ; the 
 inferior animals, as Phalaropus hyperbore- 
 us ; and plants, as Dicranum hyperborcum, 
 by which those inhospitable regions are 
 inhabited. 
 
 HYPERCATHARSIE, s. f., uvi^xafa^ffis, 
 hypercatharsis, superpurgatio, f. L., 
 eine allzustarke Abfiihrung, G., exces- 
 sive purgation. HYPERCATHARTIQUE, 
 adj., hypercatharticus, L. 
 
 HYPERCRISE, f. L., hypercrisis, f. 
 
 (i/flf, beyond, */s, the crisis of a dis- 
 ease), L., Hyperkrise, f. G. : a violent 
 critical effort or evacuation. 
 
 HYPEHEPHIDHOSE. See HYPEHHY- 
 DROSE. 
 
 HYPERESTHfcsiE. s. f., hyperzfisthesis, 
 f. (u#i, beyond, auvfaan, feeling), L., eine 
 ubermassige Empfindlichkeit, besonders 
 der Sinnesorgane, G., excessive sensibili- 
 ty : Hyperaestheses, pi. L., die Hyper- 
 asthesien, G., diseases characterized by 
 excessive sensibility, especially of the or- 
 gans of sense. 
 
 HYPERHYDROSE, s. f, hyperhidrosis, 
 f. (v<x\fy an ^ '^f*j sweat), L., das uber- 
 massige Sch witzen, G., excessive perspira- 
 tion. 
 
 328 
 
 HYP 
 
 HYPERKINESIE, s. f., hyperkinesia, f. 
 (ua-sf, and x!rtns, mobility), L. : extreme 
 nervous susceptibility. 
 
 HYPERO-PHARYNGiEN,adj. hyperpha- 
 ryngeus, L. See PHARYNGO-STAFHYLIN. 
 
 HYPEROSTOSE, s. f., hyperostosis, f. 
 (u5i-, offr'iov, a bone), L., ein grosser 
 Knochenauswuchs, G. : an excessive growth 
 of bone, exostosis. 
 
 HYPERSARCOSE, s. f., u-r^e-d^xuffi;, 
 hypersarcosis, f. L.. : exuberant growth of 
 granulations on a sore. 
 
 HYPERSTHENIE, s. f., hypersthenia, f. 
 (uvte, o-6'ivof, power), L,., Lebensiiber- 
 kraft, m. G., excess of vital power. HY- 
 
 PEHSTHENIQUE, adj., hypersthenicus, 
 
 L., hypersthenisch, G., hypersthenic. 
 
 HYPERTONIE, s. f. F. and G., hyper- 
 tonia, f. (vfig, beyond, TWOS, tone), L. : ex- 
 cess of tone in the tissues of the living body. 
 
 HYPERTROPHIE, s. f. F. and G., hy- 
 
 ?ertrophia, f. (v-rl^ rgoipn, nourishment), 
 j. : excess of nourishment, Uebernahrung, 
 G., and consequent increase of volume, 
 of an organ. H. du cceur, F., die Hyper- 
 trophic des Herzens, G., hypertrophy of 
 the heart 
 
 HYPERZOODYNAMIE, s. f., F. and G., 
 hyperzoodynamia, f. (v#ig, &i>;, living , 
 $vv/zfiis, power), L. : excessive augmenta- 
 tion of force in the animal economy. 
 
 HYPXOBADISE, s. f., hypnobatisis, f. 
 (u'trvaj, sleep, fxnVurn, the act of walking), 
 somnambulismus, m. L., Schlafwandeln, 
 Nachtwandeln,n. G., sleep-walking, som- 
 nambulism. Erroneously written HYP- 
 NOBATASE, hypnobatasis, as a compound 
 of Sines, and /3a, to move, by the French 
 lexicographers, and the German Kraus. 
 HYPNOUADE, not H YPNOBATE, s. m., 
 hypnobadista, L., ein Schlafwandler, 
 Nachtwandler, G., a sleep-walker or 
 somnambulist. 
 
 HYPNOLOGIE, s. f., hypnologia, f. (ISwos, 
 Xayf, a discourse), L., die Lehre vom 
 Schlaf, G., the doctrine of sleep. HYP- 
 NOLOGiauE, adj., hypnologicus, hypno- 
 logisch, hypnological : pertaining to hyp- 
 nology. 
 
 HYPNOTIQUE, adj. : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Therapeutics, to designate re- 
 medies, TO. vfiurixa, <pa.gp.Kxa, remedia 
 hypnolica, L,., die Schlafmittel, G., 
 which induce sleep. 
 
 HYPOCATHARSIE, s. f., hypocatharsis, 
 f. (v-ra, quaa interdum in compositione mi- 
 nuendi vim habet, xuUdgtris, purgation), 
 L., eine gelinde Abfiihrung, G., gentle 
 purgation. See HYPERCATHARSIE. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRE, ou HYPOCONDHE, s. m., 
 v<rox'ov\io\i, hypochondrium, n. L. and 
 G. : in Anatomy, the region situated, on 
 each side, below the short, ribs, die Ge- 
 gend unterAen kurzen Rippcn, G.: also, the 
 popular synonym of an hypochondriac.
 
 HYP 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIAQUE, s. m. and adj., 
 vxo%ov$iiit,Kos, hypochondriacus, L,., hy- 
 pochondrisch,G., hypochondriac : an epi- 
 thet employed, in Anatomy, to designate 
 certain regions, hypochondria, L., T v- 
 vo%ov$(>ia, seeHvPONCHONDEE, orparts 
 connected with them : in Pathology, indi- 
 viduals afflicted with hypochondriasis, see 
 HYPOCHONDRIE ; or morbid affections of 
 the organs situated in the hypochondriac 
 regions. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIE, s. f. F. and G., hypo- 
 chondria, hypochondriasis, f. L., hypo- 
 chondriasm. HYPOCHONDRIAI,GIE, s. f., 
 hypochondrialgia, f. (uvn>%otyii>v, aAyaj, 
 pain), L., der hypochondrische Schmerz, 
 G., pain in the hypochondria. 
 
 HYPOCOPHOSE, s. f., hypocophosis, f. 
 
 (uvo, see HYPOCATHARSIE, xeaQons, 
 
 deafness), L., ein geringer Grad von 
 Taubheit, G., a slight degree of deafness. 
 
 HYPOCRANE, s. m., hypocranium, n. 
 L. : an abscess situated beneath, vvo, 
 the skull, x^avmv, ein Abscess unter dem 
 Schadel, and above the dura mater, und 
 iiber der harten Hirnhaut, G. 
 
 HypocRATERiFORME,aaj., hypocrate- 
 riformis, L,., untertassenformig, G., 
 saucer-shaped : an epithet applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to the corolla of plants ; which, like 
 that of Vinca, exhibits the figure, forma, 
 L., of a cup-stand, I-XOK^KT^. All hy- 
 brid terms are objectionable. Kraus 
 Medicinisches Lexihon, p. 429, proposes 
 to substitute for it, Hi/pocraterodes, L., 
 hypocrateroide, F., untersatzf ormig, G. 
 
 HYPOGASTRE, s. m., u^rayairr^iav, hy- 
 pogastrium, n. L., Unterbauch, m. G., 
 lower belly : the inferior region of the 
 abdomen ; situated below a line drawn 
 across from one anterior superior spine of 
 the ilium to the other. It is divided into 
 three secondary regions, a central or pu- 
 bic, and two lateral or inguinal. HYPO- 
 
 GASTRIdUE, adj., uoraya^T^o;, hypOgaS- 
 
 tricus, L.., hypogastrisch, G. : pertaining 
 to, or performed upon, the lower belly. 
 Exs. in Anatomy, the hypogastric region, 
 die Unterbauchgegendi, G. ; the hypogas- 
 tric artery, arteria hypogastrica, L., see 
 ILIAQUE ; hypogastric plexus of nerves, 
 plexus hypogastrique, F. : in Surgery, the 
 operation of lithotomy, Tallle hypogas- 
 trique, practised above the pubes. 
 
 HYPOGASTROCELE, s. f., hypogastro- 
 cele, f. (v'xoyu.ffTQiov, jjX, hernia), L. : 
 hypogastric hernia, ein Bruch am Unter- 
 bauch, G., formed by protrusion of intes- 
 tine, or omentum, through the lower part 
 of the linea alba. 
 
 HYPOGASTRORHEXIE, s. f., hypogas- 
 trorrhexis, f. (same, and pvfys, rupture), 
 L. : rupture of the belli] with, according to 
 Blanchard and Kraus, laceration of the 
 peritonaeum, hernia ventralis cum ruptu- 
 329 
 
 HYP 
 
 ra peritonsei conjuncta, L., Bauchbruch 
 mit Zerreissung des Darmfells, G. 
 
 HYPOGLOSSE, adj., yarayXoW/sj : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Anatomy, to the ninth 
 (now regarded as the twelfth) cerebral 
 nerve, Nerf grand hypoglosse, F., ner- 
 
 vus hypoglossus, L., Zungeiifleischnerve, 
 
 G. ; from the distribution of its branches 
 principally beneath the tongue. 
 
 HYPOGYNE, adj., hypogynus, L., hy- 
 pogynous : an epithet employed, in Bota- 
 ny, to designate petals and corolla, or sta- 
 mens, which are inserted beneath, tiro, 
 the ovary, or female organ, yuvj, unter 
 dem Fruchtknoten, G., of plants. 
 
 HYPONITRITE, s. m., hyponitris, f. 
 L. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, un- 
 tersalpetrigesaure Salze, G., resulting 
 from the combination of hyponitrous acid, 
 Acidum hyponitrosum, L., untersalpetrige 
 Saure, G., an oxide of azote, with salifia- 
 ble bases. 
 
 HYPOFHOSPHATE, s. m , hypophos- 
 phas, n. L. : a genus of salts, unterphos- 
 phorigsaure Salze, G., resulting from 
 combination of hypophosphorous acid, A- 
 cide hypophosphoreux, F., acidum hypo- 
 phosphorosum, L., unterphosphorige Saure, 
 G., with salifiable bases. 
 
 HYPOPHTHALMIE, s. f., hypophthal- 
 mia, f. (iitfe<p0K>.ftii>s, situated beneath the 
 eye), dolor oculi sub tunica cornea, L. : 
 according to Kraus, the pain preceding 
 suppuration, or similar affections, in the 
 anterior chamber of the eye, der dem 
 Eiterauge und ahnl. Uebeln vorhergehende 
 Schmerz in der vordern Augenkammer,G. 
 Hypophthalmion, n. L.. TO. wxoq>lta,\p.ta., 
 die Gegend zunachst unter dem Auge, G., 
 the region below the eye, the seat of Hy- 
 drophthalmion. 
 
 HYPOPHYLLE, adj., hypophyllus (UTTO, 
 beneath, ipuXXov, a leaf), L. : an epithet 
 applied, in Botany, to minute cryptoyamous 
 plants, hence termed hypophyllous fungi, 
 see EPIPHYLLE, which vegetate on the 
 lower surface of the leaves, unter den 
 Slattern, G-, of other plants. A species 
 of Ruscus is, also, specifically designated 
 hypophyllus, and of Protea,hypophylla ; 
 because the flowers of one, and fruit of the 
 other, are developed beneath the leaf. 
 
 HYPOPYON, s. m., hypopyon, n. (ura, 
 beneath, vvov, pus), L., Eiterauge, n. G. : 
 a term indiscriminately employed, in Oph- 
 thalmology, to designate small abscesses, 
 developed between the laminae of the cor- 
 nea, Hyp. de la cornee ; and. purulent col- 
 lections within the chambers of the eye, 
 H. des chambres,F. "e^ftot: the re- 
 gion below the eye (VKO, a!^) , also, a blow, 
 or contusion, on the face. 
 
 HYPOSPADIAS, s. m., hypospadia, f. (u- 
 votrvKu, to draw from beneath), L. : a con- 
 genital malformation, wherein the orifice
 
 HYP 
 
 of the urethra terminates on the inferior 
 surface of the penis, either about the 
 base of the glans, or in the vicinity of the 
 symphisis pubis. When the orifice is 
 situated near the root of the penis, the 
 scrotum exhibits a division into two large 
 labia; and the existence of hermaphro- 
 dism may then be erroneously inferred 
 HVPOSPADE, adj., hypospadicus, L. : an 
 epithet applied to individuals, a! l-ffoyra,- 
 //, who exhibit such malformation. 
 
 HYPOSPHAGME, S. HI., ux off (fay pa, 
 
 hyposphagma, n. L. : extravasation of 
 blood, Blutunterlaufung, f. G., beneath 
 the conjunctiva oculi. 
 
 HYPOSTAPHYLE, s. f. (o?, <r-r<pi/>.i, the 
 uvula), F. et L : elongation ; HYPOSTA- 
 PHYLITE, s. f., hypostaphylitis, f. L. : 
 slight inflammation of the uvula, ein 
 niederer Grad von Staphylitis, G. 
 
 HYPOSTASE, HYPOSTEME, s. f., l-x'o- 
 ffra,ffi;, hypostasis, f. L., Bodensatz im 
 Urin, G., sediment in the urine. See 
 ENEOREME. 
 
 HYPOSTERNAi-.adj., hyposternalis, L. : 
 a term applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to 
 the lower piece, or division, of the sternum. 
 
 HYPOSTHENIE, s. f., hyposthenia, f. L.: 
 diminution of power. See HYPERSTHE- 
 NIE. HYPosTHfcjfiQUE, adj., hyposthe- 
 nicus, L,, hyposthenisch, G.? pertain- 
 ing to hypostheny. 
 
 HYPOSTROPHIE, s. f., v^ixrr^n, hy- 
 postrophia, f. L. : 1 . a return, or going bach : 
 Ex. the relapse of a disease, Rechute de la 
 maladie,~F., hypostrophia morbi, L. 2. the 
 act of turning round ; as of a patient in bed, 
 das Umwenden des Kranken im Bette : 
 and 3. a falling back ; as retroversion of the 
 womb, die Zuruckbeugung der Gebar- 
 mutter, G. 
 
 HYPOSULFATE, s. m., hyposulphas, n. 
 L. : a genus of salts, unterschwefelsaure 
 Salze, G., resulting from the combina- 
 tion of hyposulphuric acid, Acide hypo- 
 sulfurique, F., Unterschtvefels&ure, G., ; 
 HYPOSULFITE, s. m., hyposulphis, f. L. : 
 a similar compound ofhyposulphurous acid, 
 A. hyposulfureux, aciduni hyposulphu- 
 rosum, Li., untershweflige Saure, G.,^ 
 with salifiable bases. 
 
 HYPOTHEVAR, s. m., wr&v, hypo- 
 thenar, n. L. : in Anatomy, a projection 
 formed on the lower or palmar surface of 
 the hand, by four muscles, Palmaris brevis, 
 Adductor, Hypothenar minor, Winslow, 
 Flexor brevis vel parvus, and Adductor os- 
 sis metacarpi digiti minimi. Hyp. du pe- 
 tit doigt : a term applied, by Riolan, to the 
 three latter muscles conjointly : H. du 
 pouce, to the Adductor and a portion of 
 the Flexor brevis potticis manus. The Hy- 
 pothenar major, der grosse Unterklopfer, 
 of the Germans, is the Adductor ossis me- 
 tacarpi ; the H. minor, derkleine , the 
 
 330 
 
 HYS 
 
 Adductor, see ADDUCTOR di(/iti minimi, 
 of French and British anatomists, 
 
 HYPOZOME, s. m., u^'o^u/j.0., hypozo- 
 ma, n. L. : a membranous partition ; as 
 the mediastinum and diaphragm. 
 
 HYSSOPE, s. m. : a genus in Botany, 
 Ifyssopus (Didynamia, gymnosperm : Labia- 
 t<B), L. : der Isop, G., the Hyssop ; con- 
 taining few species ; of which the common 
 European, H. officinalis, possesses tonic 
 and stimulant properties. This is the Azub, 
 of the Hebrew but not the tWwcra;, of 
 Greek writers, probably Teucrium pseudo- 
 hyssopum, of modern Botanists. HYSSO- 
 PINE, s. f., hyssopina, f. L. : the salifiable 
 basis discovered in H. officinalis. 
 
 HYSTERALGIE, s. f., hysteralgia, f. 
 (uffr'i^a., the womb, a^ya;, pain), L., Ge- 
 barmutterschmerz, m. G., hysteralgy : 
 pain in the womb. 
 
 HYSTERICIE, HYSTERICISME. See 
 
 HYSTERIE, s. , F. and G., hysteria, f. 
 (uffTiea,, the womb), L. : a morbid affection 
 peculiar to the human female ; and result- 
 ingfrom cerebellic and spinal complicated 
 with uterine irritation. H YSTERIQUE, adj., 
 vffnpix,os . caused by the womb ; connect- 
 ed with, or suffering from, hysteria. Exs. : 
 faQy v<r<rt(>iKii, passio hysterica, L., das 
 hysteriche Uebel, G., an hysterical affec- 
 tion ; Malade hysterigue, F., an hysterical 
 patient. 
 
 HYSTERITE, s. f., hysteritis, f. L.. 
 See METRITE. 
 
 HYSTEROCELE, s. f., hysterocele, f. 
 (y<rrg, xfan, hernia), hernia uteri, L., 
 Mutterbruch, m. G. : hernia formed by 
 the womb. HYSTERO-CYSTOCELE, s. f., 
 hystero-cystocele, f. L. : hernia formed by 
 the womb and the urinary bladder, xvms. 
 HYSTERO-CYSTIQ.UE, adj., hysterocys- 
 ticus, L. : pertaining to the womb and 
 bladder. 
 
 HYSTEROLITHIASE, s. f., hysterolithi- 
 asis, f. (same, and Ju4mf4t\ L. : formation 
 of a stone, Steinbildung, G., or a stone- 
 like concretion, HYSTEROLITHE, s. m , 
 hysterolithos, n. L., Mutterstein, m. G., 
 within the uterus. 
 
 HYSTEROLOXIE, s. f., hysteroloxia, f. 
 (same, and Xol-oj, oblique), Ij. : obliquity of 
 the uterus, die Dmbevgtatff schiefe I^age 
 der Geb'drmutter, G. HYSTEROMAKIE, s- f., 
 hysteromania, f. (same, and ^av/, mad- 
 ness), L,., Mutterwuth, G. See NYM- 
 
 PHOMANIE. 
 
 HYSTEROPSOPIIIE, s. f., hysteropso- 
 phia, f. (same, and ^<pa;, a noise), L. : dis- 
 charge of air from the uterus, der Ab- 
 gang von Luft aus der Geb'drmutler, G. 
 HYSTEROPHYSE, s. f, hysterophysis, or 
 -physema, (q>uff*, wind, <ptnr/u.a, inflation), 
 L. : distension of the womb with a gaseous 
 fluid, eine Ausdehnung der Geb'drmutter 
 durch Luft, G.
 
 HYSTEROPTOSE, s. , hysteroptosis, f. 
 ( same, and *<r/j, a failing down), L., 
 Muttervorfall, m. G., prolapsus uteri. 
 
 HYSTERORRHEE, s. f., hysterorrhcea, 
 f. (same, and ?<*>, to How), L,., hysteror- 
 rhoe, f. G.: a discharge of blood, pus, or 
 mucus, from the womb. 
 
 HYSTEROSCOPE, s. m., hysteroscopi- 
 um, n. (turri^a, ffxitvtia, to examine), spe- 
 culum uteri, L.. : an instrument whereby a 
 view of the os uteri, in the living subject, 
 may be obtained. 
 
 HYSTEROSTOMATOME, s. m., hystero- 
 stomatomus, n.(uo-Tsja, <rT^, the mouth, 
 
 HYS 
 
 roftv, incision), L. : in Obstetrics, the 
 name of two instruments, invented by 
 Coutouly, for division of the mouth, or ra- 
 ther neck, of the uterus. HYSTEROTOME, 
 s. m., hysterotomus, m. L,., hystero- 
 tom, G. : an instrument employed in per- 
 forming the operation of hysterotomy, 
 HYSTEROTOMIE, s. f., F. and G., hyste- 
 rotomia, f. L., incision of the womb. 
 
 HYSTEROTOMOTOCIE, s. f., hysteroto- 
 motocia, f. (V/TT'I^K, roftw, and rox.es, par- 
 turition), L. : in Obstetrics, delivery by the 
 Ccesare.an operation, die Geburt durch den 
 Kaiserschnitt, G. See CESARIEN. 
 
 I. 
 
 IAT 
 
 IATRALEPTE, s. m., <a<rX/Wf, ia- 
 tralipta, m. L., Salbarzt,G., latralept: 
 a physician who practises iatraleptics, IA- 
 
 TRALEPTIttUE, S. f., n i/zrga,*.livrrix, ia- 
 
 traieptice, L., die latraliptik, G. ?, the 
 art of curing diseases by frictions and other 
 external remedies. Prodicus, a disciple of 
 Esculapius, was father of the iatraleptic 
 method, la methode iatraleptique. 
 
 IATRE, s. m., lar^s, medicus, L., 
 Arzt, m. G., a physician. IATRINE, s. f., 
 laxgivti, medicatrix, f. L., Arztin, f. 
 G. : a female practitioner of medicine, a 
 midwife. IATRIQUE, adj., iccrgixos, ia- 
 tricus, medicalis, iatrisch,G. ? medical: 
 pertaining to medicine. Sometimes sub- 
 stantively employed to designate medicine 
 itself, fi lurgix*) (TS^VJJ), Arzneikunst,f.G. 
 
 IATROCHIMIE, s. f, iatrochymia, f. 
 (iargivu, to cure, %rift,iict, see CHIMIE), L. : 
 the method of treating diseases by chemical 
 preparations. IATROCHIMIQUE, adj., 
 iatrochymicus, L. : a. term substantively 
 employed to designate a chemical physici- 
 an, medicus chymtcus, L., ein chemischer 
 Arzt, G., a practitioner of the iatro-che- 
 mical system, la methode iatrochimique, F. 
 
 IATROMATHEMATICIEN, s. m. and adj. : 
 a term employed to designate physicians, 
 iargo/u.a.feftarixo'i, iatromathematici,Tj., 
 who follow the doctrines of the iatromathe- 
 matical school, VE'cole iatroinathematiqiie, 
 F. They consist in the application of 
 mathematics to the explanation of the phe- 
 nomena of life in health and disease. The 
 term was originally applied to the Egypt- 
 ian physicians who studied, and profess- 
 ed, astrology in conjunction with medical 
 science. 
 
 ICHOR, s. m., n. L., iz&g, Gauche, 
 f., Wundwasser, n. G. : a thin and sanious 
 fluid ; which, escaping from wound or 
 sore, irritates, or inflames, the parts over 
 which it flows. ICHOREUX, ICHOROI'DE, 
 adj., l%ugouP/is, ichorosus, ichoroides, L., 
 ichorahnlich, gauchartig, G., ichorous : 
 
 331 
 
 ICH 
 
 presenting the appearance, or properties, 
 of ichor. 
 
 ICHTHYOCOLLE, s. f., Colle de poisson, 
 ^^uaxoXXa, ichthyocolla, f. L.., Fisch- 
 leim, m. G., isinglass : the dried swim- 
 ming-bladder of Acipenxer sturio, and other 
 species of the Sturgeon-genus. Consists 
 of almost pure gelatine. Employed diet- 
 etically, as analeptic : and an ingredient 
 in anatomical injections. 
 
 ICHTHYOLITHE, s. m., ichthyolithos, 
 n. (l%6v;, a fish, x/^aj, a stone), L., Ich- 
 thyolith, n., Fischversteinerung, f. G., 
 ichthyolite : a fossil fish. ICHTHYOLI- 
 THOLOGIE, s. f. F. and G., ichthyolitho- 
 logia, f. (same, and Xa-yo;, a discourse), L. : 
 a Treatise on Fossil Fishes. See Agassiz, 
 Recherchcs sur les Poissons Fossiles, Neuf- 
 chatel, 1833. ICHTHYOLITHOI.OGIQUE, 
 adj., ichthyolithologicus, L., ichthyoli- 
 thologisch, G., ichthyolithological : per- 
 taining to ichthyolitholoffy, ITttiolitologia, 
 of Italian geologists. 
 
 ICHTHYOLOGIE, s. f. F. and G., ich- 
 thyologia, f. (i%0vs, afish, x'oyos, a discourse), 
 L. : that part of Zoology which relates to 
 the history of fishes ; as ICHTHYOGRAPHIE, 
 s. f., ichthyographia, f. (same, and y^atpea, 
 to describe), L., to the description, die 
 Beschreibung der Fische, G. , of them. ICH- 
 THYOLOGiauE,adj., ichthyologicuSjLi., 
 ichthyologisch, G., ichthyological : per- 
 taining to ; ICHTHYOLOGISTS, s. m., 
 ichthyologus,m.Li., ichthyologist : a stu- 
 dent of Ichthyology. See Bloch, Ichthyo- 
 looie, ou Histoire Naturette des Poissons. 
 Berlin. Folio, 178597- 
 
 ICHTHYOPHAGE, S. m., i^vo^Kyo;, 
 
 ichthyophagus, m. L., Ichthyophag, Fis- 
 chesser,m.G., ichthyophagist : afish-eat- 
 
 er. ICHTHYOPHAGIE, S. f., l^fva^ayitt, 
 
 ichthyophagia. f. L., Fischessen, n. G., 
 ichthyophagy : the state, or practice, of 
 feeding uponjish. 
 
 ICHTHYOSE, s. f., ichthyosis, f. L., 
 Fischschuppenaussatz, m. G. : a cutane-
 
 1DI 
 
 ous disease, of the Order, Squama, Willan ; 
 wherein the epidermis assumes the appear- 
 ance of the scales of a fish, i%9vs. Alibert 
 distinguishes three species, Ichth. nacree, 
 cornee, and PELLAGRE : Bateman, two 
 only, simplex, et cornea. 
 
 ICHTHYOTOMIE, s. f., ichthyotomia, f. 
 (t^tu;, ropti, incision), L., Fischanato- 
 mie, f. G., ichthyotomy : the anatomy, or 
 dissection, oifahes. 
 
 ICONOGRAPHIE, S. f., ilxovoya,Qia,, ico- 
 
 nographia, f. L., Ikonographie, f. G. : the 
 art, or practice, of representing objects by 
 pictures or engravings. ICONOGRAPHIQUE, 
 adj., ilxovoya.$t>s, iconographicus, L.., 
 ikonographisch, G. ? iconographical : per- 
 taining to Iconography. See Iconoyraphie 
 du Regne Animal de Cuvier, par Guerin. 
 Paris, 8vo. 
 
 ICOSANDRIE, s. f., icosandria, f. (I'/xatri, 
 twenty, .**, avSgas, a male), L., die Iko- 
 sandrie, G. : in Botany, the name of the 
 12th Class, and of two Orders, in the Sex- 
 ual System of Linnaeus ; including plants 
 whose flowers, Fleurs icosandres, F., 
 ftoresicosandri, L. zwanzigm'dnnige Bluth- 
 en, G., have twenty, or more, male organs 
 or stamens attached to the internal paries 
 of the calyx. ICOSANDRIQUE, adj.: be- 
 longing to Icosandria. 
 
 ICTERE, s. m., "xrips, icterus, morbus 
 regius, m. L., Gelbsucht, f. G., jaundice. 
 ICTERIQUE, adj., !xriixos, ictericus, L., 
 ikterisch, gelbsuchtig, G. : relating to, 
 accompanied or attacked by, jaundice. Ic- 
 TERODE, adj., lxri(>ubns, icterodes, L. : 
 an epithet applied, by some writers, to the 
 yellow fever, Fievre , Synoche , Typhus 
 icterode, typhuscomplicatedwithjaundice. 
 IDEE, s. f. fiia, idea, f. L., die Idee, 
 G. : in Psychology, the image, or represen- 
 tation, of an object in the mind ; an abstract 
 notion of a thing. IDEAL, adj. F. and Y.., 
 idealisch, G. IDEOLOGIC, s. f., ideolo- 
 gia, f. (same, and x'oyas, discourse), L., 
 ideology : the science of the ideas. IDEO- 
 LOGiauE, adj., idealogicus, L.., idealo- 
 gisch, G., idealogical. 
 
 IDENTITE, s. f'., identitas, f. L., Ueb- 
 ereinstimmung, f. G., identity : a per- 
 fect conformity between two things ; as 
 regards either their qualities or intimate 
 nature. Identit'dtssystem, G., Systeme de 
 F identite, F.: the identity-system of the Ger- 
 man Schelling. IDENTIQUE, adj., iden- 
 tisch, G., identical. 
 
 IDIOCRASE, IDIOCRASIE,S. f., idiocrasia, 
 f. L., Synon. with IDIOSYNCRASIE. 
 
 lDio-ELECTRiQUE,adj., idio-clectricus 
 (i'S/;, proper, faixr^ov, see ELECTRICITE), 
 it., selbstelektrisch, G., idio-electrical : 
 an epithet applied to substances which ac- 
 quire electrical properties by friction. 
 
 IDIOPATHIE, s. f., iSiavafua, idiopa- 
 Ihia, f. L., a primary disease, eine ur- 
 
 332 
 
 ILE 
 
 spriingliche Krankheit,G., neither conse- 
 quent on, nor complicated with, other mor- 
 bid affection. IDIOFATHICIUE, adj., i'3/o- 
 
 rafas, idiopathicus, L., idiopathisch, 
 
 G., idiopathic : an epithet opposed, in 
 signification, to SYMPATHIQUE. 
 
 T f '<! ' 
 
 IDIOSYNCRASIE, s. 1., idi/nruyx^i/na., 
 idiosyncrasia, f. L., Idiosynkrasie, i\ G., 
 idiosyncrasy : a peculiar state of tempera- 
 ment and constitution of body. 'l"&ioffvyx,iTOS, 
 adj., idiosyncraticus, L. : peculiarly con- 
 stituted. 
 
 IDIOT, s. m. F., G., and E., idiota, m. 
 (fiiurns, stupid), L. : an individual afflicted 
 with idiolcy oridiolism, IDIOTISME, s. m., 
 Idiotismus, m. L. and G., a species of 
 mental alienation, characterized by obliter- 
 ation, varying in degree, of the intellectual 
 faculties, and moral sentiments and affec- 
 tions. The disproportion, which exists be- 
 tween the cerebral and cerebellic develop- 
 ments of the idiot, is ordinarily most con- 
 spicuous; the faMergreatly preponderating. 
 IF, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Taxus 
 CDioecia, monadelph. ; Conifera), L,., der 
 Taxus, G., the Yew-tree. The fruit of 
 the only species yet known, T. baccala, 
 is mucilaginous and emollient : the leaf em- 
 pirically employed in epilepsy. 
 
 IGNAME, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Dios- 
 corea so named in honour of the cele- 
 brated Greek, Dioscorides (Dioecia, hex- 
 andr. ; Smilacece), L., the Yam ; com- 
 prizing many species which generally ex- 
 nibit tuberous roots. That of the com- 
 mon yam, D. alata, sometimes acquires 
 the weight of thirty pounds ; and is farina- 
 ceous and alimentary. 
 
 IGNATIE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Ig- 
 natia (Pentandria, monogyn.; Strychnoideas), 
 L. For an account of the fruit of the only 
 species, /. amara, see FEVE. 
 
 loNfe, adj., igneus, L. vrvt>iis, feur- 
 isch, G., resulting from the action of 
 fire, ignis, L. IGNIFERE, adj., ignifer, 
 L., ru^otp'o^o;, igniferous : burning, in a 
 state of ignition, IGNITION, s. f. ignitio, 
 f. L., vuguffis, Gliihen, n. G. IGNIVORE, 
 adj., ignivorus, L., ignivorous '.fire-eat- 
 ing. Substantively used, a fire-eater. 
 
 IGUANIENS, IGUANOIDES, s. m. et adj. 
 pi., Iguani, Jguanoidei, L. : terms em- 
 ployed, by Cuvier and Blainville, to desig- 
 nate a Family, or Sub-order, of Saurian 
 Reptiles ; of which the genus, Iguana, 
 constitutes the type. The flesh and eggs 
 of the common species, Vlguane vulgaire 
 ( Lacerta iguana, Linn.), der Leguan,G., 
 are much valued, as articles of diet, in 
 South America. 
 
 ILEO-COZCAL, adj., ileo-co3calis, L. : au 
 epithet used, in Anatomy, to designate a 
 valve, Valvnle ileo-ccecale, F., valvula 
 coli seu Bauhini, see BAUHIN, die Fal- 
 lopische Klappe, G ; which exists at the
 
 ILI 
 
 junction of the ileum with the caecum. It 
 is deficient in several Mammifera, as the 
 hedge-hog, ornilhorhynchus, and ant-eat- 
 er. Ligament ileo-ccecal. See MESOCUCCUM. 
 
 ILEO-COLIQUE, adj., ileo-colicus, L. : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to the 
 fight inferior colic artery^ Artere ileo-co- 
 lique, ( caecale, Ch.), F., Huft-grimm- 
 rfarmschlagader, G. ; as distributed on the 
 ileum and colon. 
 
 ILEO-LOMBAIRE, adj., ileo-lumbalis, 
 
 L. : in Anatomy, the name of an artery, 
 Artere ilto-lombaire ( iliaco-musculaire, 
 Ch.), F., Lendendarmbeinschlagader, G., 
 a branch of the hypogastric, distributed 
 behind the Psoas muscle : and of a liga- 
 ment, L. ileo-lombaire ; extending from 
 the transverse process of the fifth lumbar 
 vertebra to the crista ilii. 
 
 TLEON, s. m., ileum intestinum, n. L., 
 Krummdarm, n., der gewundene Darm, 
 G. : in Anatomy, the portion of small in- 
 testine extending from the jejunum to the 
 coecum. Probably so named from lying, 
 principally, in the cavity formed by the 
 iliac bones. See ILZS. 
 
 ILEOSE, s. f. See ILEUS. 
 
 ILES, s. m. pi., ilia, n. L., xiviuvt;, 
 the flanks, see FLANC : in Anatomy, the 
 inferior and lateral regions of the abdo- 
 men, die Seitentheile des Unterleibes, 
 G. ; bounded, below, by the iliac or haunch- 
 bone, Os des iles, F., laviov ruv iiXiav ? 
 os ilii, L., Darmbein, G., the iliac por- 
 tion of the os innominatum. See COXAL. 
 
 ILEUS, s. m., ilxto;, ileus, vel passio 
 iliaca, L., Darmgicht, m. G., the iliac 
 passion. Of this painful affection of the 
 small intestine, two varieties, I. nerveux, 
 et inflammatoire, F., are distinguished 
 in practice : the former, a rare affection, 
 dependent on, or connected with, cerebro- 
 spinal irritation ; the latter, ordinarily 
 symptomatic of strangulation, or other ob- 
 struction, of the bowel. 
 
 ILIACO-MUSCULAIRE, adj. See ILEO- 
 LOJIBAIRE. 
 
 ILIACO-TROCHANTIN,ILIACO-TROCHAN- 
 TINIEN, s. m. and adj., iliaco-trochanti- 
 nus, -trochantinianus, L. : terms applied, 
 respectively, by Dumas and Chaussier, to 
 the Iliacus internus muscle- 
 
 ILIAL, adj., ilialis, L. : belonging to the 
 flank, see ILES. Ex. Portion iliale de Fos 
 innomine, F., the ilial portion, os ilii, 
 L., of the os innominatum. 
 
 ILIAQUE, adj., iliacus, L., iliac : an 
 epithet employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate divers organs and their parts, and re- 
 gions : as 1- a Bone, Os iliaque, F., see 
 ILES : A. Depressions, Fosses iliaques, 
 fossae iliacce, L. ; situated one, Yexterne, 
 die aussere Darmbeingrube, G. ?, on 
 the external surface, the other, interne, 
 die innere , on the internal surface, of 
 
 333 
 
 ILI 
 
 the bone: B. a Crest, CRETE iliaque, 
 crista iliaca, L. : and c. Spines or spinous 
 processes, See EPJNE. 2. a Muscle, M. 
 iliaque ( ilio-trochante'rien, Ch.), F., 
 iliacus internus, L., Darmbeinmuskel,G.; 
 arising from the internal iliac fossa, and 
 inserted, by a common tendon with the 
 Psoas magnus, into the lesser femoral tro- 
 chanter. 3. Arteries, Arleres iliaquvs. 
 Of these, the common or primitive iliac, 
 Art. iliaques primitives ( pelvi-crurales, 
 Ch.), F., iliaca; communes, L., result- 
 ing from bifurcation of the abdominal aor- 
 ta, divide into A. the internal iliac, Art. 
 iliaque interne, ou HYPOGASTRIQUE, ar- 
 teria iliaca interna, L., Beckenarterie, 
 G. ; and B. the external, At t. iliaque ex- 
 terne (portion iliaque de la crurale, Ch.), 
 see CRURAL. From the latter are sup- 
 plied the epigastric, see EPIGASTRIQUE : 
 and circumflexa ilii, circonflexe iliaque, ou 
 il. anterieure ( circonflexe de Vilium, Ch.), 
 which, divides into an external and inter- 
 nal branch, aussere und innere Kranz- 
 darwztemschlagader, G. 4. a tendinous Ex- 
 pansion, Aponevrose iliaque, see FASCIA : 
 and o. certain regions of the abdomen, R. 
 iliaques see ILES. In Pathology, a mor- 
 bid affection, Passion iliaque, see ILEUS, 
 especially implicating the ileum. 
 
 ILIO-SACRO-FEMORAL, adj., ilii-sacro- 
 femoralis, L. : an epithet applied, by Du- 
 mas, to the Glutaeus maxlmus muscle. See 
 FESSIER. 
 
 ILIO-ABDOMINAL, adj., ilio-abdomina- 
 lis, L. ; ILIO-APONEVROSI-FEMORAL, 
 ilio-aponeurosi-femoralis ; ILIO-COSTAL, 
 ilio-costalis : terms, in Anatomy, employ- 
 ed, by Chaussier, to respectively desig- 
 nate the Obliquus internus abdominis, see 
 OBLIQUE ; Tensor vagina femoris, see 
 TENSEUR ; and Quadratus lumborum, mus- 
 cles, see CARRE. 
 
 ILIO-CRETI-TIBIAL,S. m.and adj., ilio- 
 creti-tibialis, Li. : a term applied, by Du- 
 mas, to the Sartorius muscle. See COU- 
 TURIER. 
 
 ILIO-HYPOGASTRICIUE, adj., ilio-hypo- 
 gastricus, L. : ILIO-!NGUIKAL, ilio-ingui- 
 nalis, L. : the names of two branches of 
 the first lumbar nerve ; respectively distri- 
 buted upon the Obliquus externus, and 
 internus abdominis, muscles. 
 
 ILIO-!SCHIO-TROCHANTERIEN, s. in. and 
 adj., ilio-ischio-trochanterianus, L. ; I- 
 Lio-LoMBi-CosTAL, ilio-lumbi-costalis ; 
 
 ILIO-LOMBO-COSTO-ABDOMINAL, illO- 
 
 lumbo-costo-abdominalis : terms employ- 
 ed, by Dumas, to respectively designate 
 the Glutaeus minimus, see FESSIER ; 
 Quadratus femoris, CARRE ; and Obliquus 
 internus abdominis, muscles, OsLiauE. 
 
 ILIO-LOMBO- VERTEBRAL, adj. : an epi- 
 thet applied, by some Anatomists, to the 
 ileo-lumbar ligament. See
 
 1MB 
 
 ILIO-PECTINE, adj., ilio-pectineus, L.: 
 an epithet employed to distinguish an emi- 
 nence situated at the point of junction of 
 the ossa Hit and pubis. It affords attach- 
 ment to the tendon of the Psoas minor ; 
 and, where that muscle does not exist, to 
 the iliac fascia. 
 
 ILIO-PRETIBIAL, s. m. and adj., ilio- 
 prsetibialis, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Sartorius muscle. See 
 COUTURIER. 
 
 ILIO-PUBIO-COSTO-ABDOMINAL, S. HI. 
 and adj., ilio-pubio-costo-abdominalis,L.: 
 an epithet applied, by Dumas, to the Olli- 
 quus externus abdominis. See OBLIQUE. 
 
 ILIO-ROTULIEN, s. m. and adj., ilio-ro- 
 tulianus, L. : a term applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the Reclus femoris. See DROIT, 4. 
 
 ILIO-SACRE. See SACRO-!LIA<JUE. I- 
 no-SACRo-FEMORAL, s. m. and adj., ilio- 
 sacro-femoralis, L. : a term applied, by 
 Dumas, to the Glutaus maximus muscle. 
 See FESSIER. 
 
 iLio-ScROTAL, adj., ilio-scrotalis, L. : 
 an epithet employed, by Chaussier, to dis- 
 tinguish an external twig of the anterior 
 branch of the first lumbar nerve ; distri- 
 buted on the abdominal muscles, and inte- 
 guments of the groin, pubis, and scrotum. 
 
 ILIO-TROCHANTERIEN, s. m. and adj., 
 ilio-trochanterianus, L. : an epithet em- 
 ployed, by Chaussier, to designate the 
 middle and lesser Glutai muscles, see FES- 
 SIER : ihefo)tner, distinguished by the ad- 
 ditional name of le grand , the latter, by 
 that of le petit ilio-trochanterien. 
 
 ILION, s. m., ilium, n. L. : in Anato- 
 my, the largest of the three pieces which 
 constitute the os innominatum in the foe- 
 tus, and are described as forming the bone 
 when all traces of their original separation 
 have been obliterated. See ILES, and ILI- 
 AQUE. The ilium affords attachment, on 
 its abdominal surface, to a large muscle, 
 hence named the internal iliac ; and sus- 
 tains, principally, the convolutions of that 
 portion of the small intestine, termed ite- 
 um, see ILEON, et ILIAQUE. 
 
 ILLITION, s. , illitio, f. (illinere, to 
 anoint), L. Svnon. with ONCTION. 
 
 IMBERBE, adj., imberbis, L., ayiviios, 
 a*a<yuv, bartlos, G., beardless : an e- 
 pithet employed, in Natural History, to 
 specifically designate animals, which, like 
 Ophidium imberbe, among Fishes, exhibit 
 no cirri ; and plants whose organs, like the 
 corollaof Viola imberbis,ste destitute of hairs. 
 
 IMBIBITION, s. f, imbibitio, f. (imbi- 
 bere, to suck up), L., Einsaugen, n. G. : 
 the action whereby a body becomes pene- 
 trated with a fluid. Animals in which, as 
 many of the Zoophytes, a vascular system 
 does not exist, are nourished by imbibition. 
 
 IMBRIQUE, adj., imbricatus,L., dach- 
 
 ziegelfb'rmig, -artig, G., imbricated ; 
 
 334 
 
 IMP 
 
 disposed, like tiles on a house-roof: an e- 
 pithet of frequent application, in Zoology 
 and Botany, to animals and plants, or their 
 constituent organs, which exhibit such 
 structure or disposition. 
 
 IMMERSION, s. f., immersio, f. L., 
 (Zavrifffio;, Untertauchen, n. G. : the act 
 of plunging a body into a fluid. 
 
 IMPACTION, s. f., impactio, f. (literally, 
 a driving in), L. : fracture of the cranium, 
 ribs, or sternum, with depression of the 
 osseous fragments. See ECPIKME. 
 
 IMPAIR, adj., impar, L., uviros, un- 
 parig, G., pair less, odd, without fellow : 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to the ter- 
 minal leaflet, Foliole impaire, F., of a pin- 
 nated leaf. See, also, AZYGOS. IMPARI- 
 PINNE, adj., impari-pinnatus, L., un- 
 paargefiedert, G. ; to a pinnated leaf, 
 the petiole of which is terminated, as in 
 Fraxinus excelsior, by a solitary leaflet. 
 
 IMPENETRABILITE, s. f., impenetrabi- 
 litas, f. L., Undurchdringlichkeit, f. G. : 
 in Physics, the power possessed by bodies, 
 of excluding all others from the space oc- 
 cupied by themselves, a characteristic 
 property of matter. 
 
 IMPERATOIRE, s. f. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Imperatoria ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Um- 
 bellifertsj, L., die Meisterwurz, G. The 
 root of the only species at present known, 
 J. ostruthium, is acrid and stimulant. IM- 
 PERATRINE, s. f., imperatrina, f. L. : a 
 peculiar crystalline substance discovered 
 in the root of Masterwort. 
 
 IMPERFORATION, s. f., imperforatio, f. 
 L. : in Morbid Anatomy, the absence of 
 the natural orifice of an organ, from mal- 
 formation or disease : Ex. imperforation of 
 the rectum or urethra, die Undurchbohr- 
 theit des Afters oder der Harnrohre, G. 
 IMPERFORE, adj., imperforatus, L., un- 
 durchlochert, G., imperforate. 
 
 IMPETIGO, s. f. : in Pathology, a term 
 employed in divers significations ; by the 
 moderns, to designate a genus of cutane- 
 ous diseases, see Bateman, Practical Sy- 
 nopsis, belonging to the Order Pustulce. 
 The Impetigines of Sauvages, included Sy- 
 philis, Scorbutus, Rachitis, Elephantiasis, 
 Lepra, Scabies, Tinea, Scrofula, and other 
 heterogeneous affections. 
 
 IMPONDERABLE, adj., imponderabilis, 
 Jj., unwagbar, G. : an epithet applied to 
 every substance, Fluide ou corps imponde- 
 rable, F. ; which, as light, caloric, and the 
 electric fluid, produce no sensible effect on 
 the most delicate balance. IMPONDERE, 
 adj. : a term nearly synon. with, but ob- 
 viously preferable to, the preceding. 
 
 IMPOTENCE, s. f., impotentia, f. L., 
 Unvermogen, n., Schwache, f. G. : defici- 
 ency, or loss, of power, weakness ; hence syn. 
 with ADYNAMIE : but commonly em- 
 ployed to indicate defect, or loss, of e-
 
 nergy, I'!MPUISSANCE, mannliche Un- 
 vermogenheit, Zeugungsunfahigkeit, G., 
 of the sexual organs of the male. IM- 
 POTENT, adj., impotens, L., unvermog- 
 end, zeugungsunfiihig, G-: suffering from 
 loss of sexual power. 
 
 IMPREGNATION, s. f. : a term, in Phy- 
 sics, synon. with IMBIBITION; in Physio- 
 logy, with FECONDATION, xiirians, lyxvn- 
 ff,s, gravid itas, f. L., Schwangerung, f. 
 G. IMPREGNER, v. a., implere, imbi- 
 bere, gravidam reddere, L., einsaugen, 
 schwangern, G., to impregnate. 
 
 IMPRESSION, s. f., impressio, f. L. : in 
 Anatomy and Zoology, the indentation 
 made upon one organ by the contact, or 
 attachment, of another: Impressions digi- 
 tales, F., impressiones cerebrales, L.., 
 die Yingereindriicke, G., see DIGITALS ; 
 Empreintes musculaires, F., Muskelein- 
 drucke, G. : the muscular impressions, 
 traces of the attachment of the adductor 
 muscle, seen on the internal surface of a 
 bivalve shelL 
 
 IMPUBERE, adj., impuber, L., eiviSes, 
 ungeschlechtsreif, unmannbar, G. : not 
 arrived at the age of puberty. 
 
 IMPUISSANCE, s. f., sterilitas virilis, 
 L,., see IMPOTENCE : inability of procrea- 
 tion in the male ; from defect, congenital 
 or acquired, of sexual power. IMPUIS- 
 SANT, see IMPOTENT. 
 
 INANIME, adj., inanimus, L., &$>%/>;, 
 leblos, G., inanimate : destitute of the 
 signs, or deprived, of life. 
 
 INANITION, s. f , inanitas, f. L. : ex- 
 haustion from want of nourishment, Ma- 
 genleere,Enkraftung aus Mangel an Nahr- 
 ung, G. 
 
 INAPPETENCE, s. f., appetitus prostra- 
 tio, L. Synon. with ANOREXIE. 
 
 INAURATION, s. f., inauratio, f. L. : in 
 Pharmacy, the act of gilding pill or bolus. 
 
 lNCALYCE,adj., incalycatus,L., kelch- 
 los, G. ? in Botany, destitute of a calyx. 
 
 INCANDESCENCE, s. f., incandescentia, 
 f. L., Gluhe, f. G. : the condition of a 
 body heated so as to become luminous. 
 INCANDESCENT, adj., incandescens, glii- 
 hend : heated to luminosity. 
 
 INCARNATIF, adj., incarnativus, L. : 
 an epithet applied, in Therapeutics, to 
 medicines, Medicaments incarnatifs, F., 
 fleischerzeugende oder -fordernde Mittel, G. ; 
 and bandages or sutures, which have, for 
 their object, the incarnation, filling up 
 with flesh, of wound or sore. 
 
 INCINERATION, s. f., incineratio, f. L., 
 regains, Einascherung, f. G. : in Phar- 
 macy, the process whereby an animal or 
 vegetable substance is reduced to ashes, 
 cineres, L. 
 
 INCISIF, adj., incisivus, L. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the four front 
 teeth, Scheidezahne, G., in each jaw of 
 
 335 
 
 INC 
 
 man and divers Mammifera, see DENT : 2. 
 to a depression of the upper jaw-bone, 
 Fosse incisive, F., situated above the in- 
 cisor teeth , and 3. to two muscles, M. in- 
 cisif superieur et inferieur, see ELEVA- 
 TEUK, 5, and HOUPPE ; attached in the 
 vicinity of those teeth. In Materia Medi- 
 ca, to remedies, Medicaments incisifs,F., 
 remedia incidentia,Tj., zertheilende Mittel, 
 G., which possess the supposed property 
 of cutting the viscid humours. 
 
 INCISION, s. f., incisio, f. L,., Ixxovri, 
 die Incision, Einschnitt, Zertheilung, 
 G. : in Surgery, the methodical division of 
 soft parts by a cutting instrument. 
 
 INCISUB.E, s. f. : a term in Anatomy 
 nearly synon. with FENTE : Ex. Incisura 
 nasalis, derNasenbeinawscAnt,G., ossis 
 frontis, L., the clejt, or fissure, of the 
 frontal , occupied by the nasal bones. 
 
 INCUMBANT, adj., incumbens, L., 
 
 aufeinanderliegend, G., incumbent : an 
 epithet applied, in Botany and Zoology, to 
 the anthers of plants when so attached to, 
 that the lower part is in contact with, the 
 filament ; petals, as those of Oxalis versi- 
 color ; and wings of Insects, as of Woctua 
 geometra, when so disposed as to lie one over 
 the other. 
 
 INCOSIBUSTIBILITE, s. f., Unverbrenn- 
 lichkeit, f. G., incombustibility. INCOM- 
 BUSTIBLE, adj., unverbrennlich : that 
 which cannot be burned, quod comburi non 
 potest, L. 
 
 INCOMPLET, adj., incompletus, L., 
 TEXJJ, unvollstandig, G., imperfect. 
 See COMPLET. 
 
 INCOMPRESSIBILITE, s. f., incompressi- 
 bilitas, f. L., Unpressbarkeit, f. G., in- 
 compressibih'ty : in Physics, the property 
 of resisting, and not diminishing in volume 
 under the influence of, pressure. INCOM- 
 PRESSIBLE, adj., incompressibilis, avhir- 
 ros, unpressbar : insusceptible of compres- 
 sion into smaller volume. 
 
 INCONTINENCE, s. , incontinentia, f. 
 L., axfa.ffiK,a.x.gtt.rt'ia, Unenthaltsamkeit, 
 Einkeuschheit, f. G. : intemperance, want 
 of self-command, especially in the indul- 
 gence of the sexual passion : in Pathology, 
 the involuntary emission of matters, as 
 of the urine, incontinentia urinse, L., see 
 ENURESIE, and of the feces, the excre- 
 tion of which is ordinarily subjected to the 
 influence of the will. 
 
 INCRASSANT.S. m.and adj., *u%wrixos : 
 an epithet applied, in Therapeutics, to 
 agents, Remedes incrassans, F., remedia 
 incrassantia, L., verdickende Mittel, G. ; 
 which possess the supposed property of 
 thickening the too fluid humours of the 
 animal body. 
 
 INCRUSTATION, s. f., incrustatio, f. L., 
 
 xoviaffis, Incruatirung, Ueberkrust- 
 
 ung, f. G., the act of forming a crust,
 
 IND 
 
 crusta, f. Li., on the surface of a body : 
 a term employed, in morbid Anatomy, to 
 designate the development, of osseous plates 
 in the organic tissues, from age or chronic 
 inflammation. In Chemistry, thedeposition 
 of stone-like molecules on the surface of 
 bodies habitually exposed to the action of 
 waters which are impregnated with calca- 
 reous salts. INCRUSTE, adj., incrustatus, 
 L., verkrustet, uberkrustet, G., incrus- 
 ted : exhibiting an incrustation. 
 
 INCUBATION,S., incubatio,L., Aus- 
 briilung, f., Briiten, n. G. : in Zoology, the 
 action commonly exercised by birds, of 
 sitting on the egg in order to develope the 
 contained embryo. Tuv ufaKTogtiuv \fwa.ff- 
 p-s, gallinarum incubatio, L. in Patho- 
 logy, the period intervening between the 
 development of a disease, and the impres- 
 sion of the causes by which it has been 
 produced. 
 
 INCUBE, s. m. : a term derived from the 
 Latin, incubus ; and synon. with nightmare, 
 .Nachtmaniichen, n. G. See EPHIALTE. 
 
 INDEHISCENCE, s. f. : the property of 
 remaining permanently closed; as exhibi- 
 ted by the pericarp of certain plants. 
 
 INDICATEUK, s. m. and adj. : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the fore-finger, IN- 
 DEX, s. m. F. et L. indicator, digitus indi- 
 catorius, ^uxnxos 'baxTvXo;, see DOIGT, 
 of the human hand ; as serving to point 
 out the objects of which one speaks. It is 
 endowed, by a peculiar extensor muscle, 
 Indicator,^., see ExTENSEUR.et HOMME, 
 with the power of independent exten- 
 sion ; and hence man has been, by some 
 writers, characterized as the pointing ani- 
 mal. In Zoology, to a bird of the Cuckoo 
 genus, Cuculus indicatorius ; as indica- 
 ting, by its cry, the direction, or site, of 
 the wild-bee's'nest. 
 
 INDICATION, s. t, indicatio, f. (indicare, 
 to point out), L., v$| Anzeige, f. G. : 
 in Pathology, the manifestation, supplied 
 by a disease, of the treatment requisite 
 for its alleviation or cure. 
 
 INDIGENE, adj., indigenus (indigena, a 
 native), L., ly^u^ios, einheimisch, G., 
 indigenous ; born, or growing, in a coun- 
 try : an epithet opposed, in signification, 
 to EXOTIQ.UE. 
 
 INDIGESTION, s. f., indigestio, f. L. 
 See DYSPEPSIE. INDIGESTE, adj., indi- 
 gestus, quod concoqui non potest, L., eiviv- 
 TOS, unverdaulich, G., undigested, indi- 
 gestible. 
 
 INDIGO, s. m., Indig, m. G. : an insipid 
 colouring matter, prepared from the leaves 
 of several species of Indigo-plant, INDI- 
 GOTIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Indigo- 
 fera ( Diadelphia, decandr. ; LeguminostE), 
 Li., die Indigopflanze, G., comprizing 
 numerous Asiatic and African shrubs, 
 especially I. anil, et linctoria, Indig. franc, 
 
 336 
 
 INE 
 
 et des Indes, F. ; and also from those of an 
 European plant, Isatis tinctoria, see PAS- 
 TEL. It is not a fecula ; but a peculiar 
 compound of INDIGOTINE, s. f, indigoti- 
 na, r. L., the colouring principle of indi- 
 go ; a red resin ; a greenish-red matter, 
 oxyde of iron, and various salts. Employ- 
 ed, in Pharmacy, with turmeric, to impart 
 a green colour to fatty substances : in 
 Therapeutics, as a sub-astringent in diar- 
 rhoea ; and an ingredient in nervine baths. 
 Indigo-blau, adj., G., indigo-blue. 
 
 INDISPOSITION, s. f, mala corporis ha- 
 bitudo, L., Uebelbefinden, n. G. : a slight 
 disturbance of the bodily functions. 
 
 INDOLENT, adj., indolens, doloris ex- 
 pers,L., schmerzlos.G., indolent : with- 
 out pain. 
 
 INDURATION, s. f., endurcissement, 
 induratio, f. L., <r>.>ieti<rf*.os, Harten, n., 
 Verhartung, f. G. : in Pathology, the con- 
 dition of an indurated organic tissue, with, 
 or without, visible alteration of structure. 
 Ind. blanche, F., induration of a part with- 
 out appearance of blood-vessels ; rouge : 
 a synonym of HEPATISATION. 
 
 INEGAL, adj., insequalis, dispar, L., 
 KVIITOS, ungleich, G., unequal : an epi- 
 thet employed, in Pathology, to designate 
 the arterial pulsations, or respiratory efforts, 
 when differing from each other; the for- 
 mer, in hardness or volume, the latter, 
 in depth : in Botany, the parts or organs 
 of plants, which, as the stamens of the Cru- 
 cifera, the two sides of the leaf of Ulma 
 campestris ; and the sepals of Salvia, do not. 
 exhibit equal dimensions. 
 
 INEQUIVALVE, adj., inaequivalvis, L., 
 ungleichklappig, ungleichschalig, G. : 
 an epithet applied, in Zoology, to the shell 
 of certain Conchifera, as that of the oys- 
 ter, see HITITRE ; and, in Botany, to 
 the organs of plants, as the glume of a spe- 
 cies of Paspalum, hence named P. inee- 
 quivalve, which exhibit inequality in the 
 size, and figure, of their constituent valves. 
 
 INERME, adj., inermis, 1..., ettavrkas, 
 waffenlos, wenrloss, G. : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Botany, to designate plants, 
 which, like Berberis inermis, are destitute of 
 spines or prickles : by Richard, the apron, 
 TABLIER, of the Orchidca, when it ex- 
 hibits no spur. INERMES, s. m. and adj., 
 pi., Inermia, L. : a term applied, by Zoo- 
 logists, to a Family of the Order, Rumi- 
 nantia ; comprizing the Mammifera whose 
 heads are destitute of horns. 
 
 INERTIE, s. f., inertia, ignavia, f. L.. 
 ptn^ufiia, Tragheit, f. G. : dulness, inacti- 
 vity, defect of aptitude for spontaneous 
 change of condition. In. de la matrice, F., 
 inertia uteri, L. : in Obstetrics, failure, 
 or abolition, of the uterine contractions, at 
 the moment when they are required for 
 expulsion of the foetus or secundines.
 
 INF 
 
 INFANTICIDE, s. m., infanticidum, n. 
 L., Kindmorder, m. G., child-murder: 
 the destruction of an infant newly-born, or 
 at the point of birth. In Forensic Medi- 
 cine, the crime is distinguished into infan- 
 ticide by omission, and by commission. The 
 premeditated destruction of the progeny in 
 utero, has, by some French medico-juridi- 
 cal writers, been termed, Foslicide, fceti- 
 cidium, n. L. ? the Feticidio, of the Itali- 
 ans. See Martini, Introduzione alia Medi- 
 cina Leffale, vol. iii, p. 9. 
 
 INFECTION, s. f., Ansteckung, f. G. : 
 in Pathology, the introduction of a delete- 
 rious agent, as of the marsh and human 
 miasm, commonly, if not invariably, 
 through the medium of the respiratory 
 process, into the animal economy. The 
 term differs essentially from CONTAGION ; 
 inasmuch as absolute contact with a dis- 
 eased person, or substances contaminated 
 by him, is not requisite for the transmis- 
 sion of diseases, Maladies infectieuses, F., 
 propagated, like Typhus and Scarlatina, 
 by infection. 
 
 iNFfccoND, adj., infaecundus, L., Hyo- 
 tas, unfruchtbar, G., not producing/^. 
 Syn. with STERILE. 
 
 INFERE, adj., inferus, L., niedersteh- 
 end, G. : an epithet, applied, in Botany, to 
 any organ of a plant situated below another. 
 Thus the corolla of Lilium, as attached be- 
 neath the ovary, is termed inferior : and 
 the ovary of Pyrus, as situated below all the 
 other parts of the flower. 
 
 INFEUILLE, adj., infoliatus, L. Syn. 
 with APHYLLE. 
 
 INFILTRATION, s. f., infiltratio, f. L. : 
 in Pathology, an effusion of fluid, com- 
 monly serum, but sometimes of blood, pus, 
 or the fcecal or urinary discharges, into the 
 areolae of a structure, and especially the 
 cellular tissue. INFILTRE, adj., infiltra- 
 tus, Li. : an epithet applied to a limb, or 
 organ, in a state of infiltration. 
 
 INFIRMIER, s. m. : a term applied, in 
 the French Hospitals, to a male subaltern, 
 infirmarius,m.L., votr'oxopos, Kranken- 
 warter, m. G. ; as INFIRMIEHE, s. , 
 Krankenwarterinn, f G., to a female, 
 charged with attendance on the sick. 
 
 INFLAMMABILITE, s. f., inflammabili- 
 tas, f. L., Entziindbarkeit, f.G., inflam- 
 mability : the character, or quality, of in- 
 flammable bodies. INFLAMMABLE, adj., 
 
 inflammabilis, ty\oyiitrl;, entziindbar : 
 
 susceptible of entering into the state of 
 combustion. Hydrogen was formerly term- 
 ed inflammable air. 
 
 INFLAMMATION, s. f., inflammatio, f. 
 (inflammare, to set on fire), L., tf^oyutri;, 
 Entziindung, f. G. : a term applied, in 
 Pathological language, to the Phleamasia ; 
 on account of the increased heat which 
 constitutes one of their principal pheno- 
 
 337 
 
 INF 
 
 mena. INFLAMMATOIRE, adj. : an epithet 
 employed to designate morbid affections, 
 or their phenomena, which exhibit the 
 characters, or indicate the existence, of 
 phlegmasia : as Fievre inflammaloire, F., 
 entzundendes Fieber, G., inflammatory fe- 
 ver ; symptomata infiammatoria, L., in- 
 flammatory symptoms. See Hunter, On 
 Inflammation ; and Thomson, Practical 
 Treatise on Inflammation, 
 
 INFLECHI, adj., inflexus, incurvus, in- 
 tro-flexus, L., mzfe.-rvt.os, eingebogen, 
 einwarts gekrummt, G., incurved : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Botany, to parts, or or- 
 gans, of plants, which, as the stamens, e- 
 tamines inflechies, F., of Salvia, and leaf, 
 folium incurvatum, L., eingebogenes Blatt, 
 G., of Araucaria excelsa, are bent inwards. 
 
 INFLORESCENCE, s. f., inflorescentia,f. 
 L,., Bliithenstand, m. G. : in Botanical 
 language, the mode in which flowers are 
 disposed upon a plant. 
 
 INFLUENCE, s. f. : a term derived from 
 the Italian, Influenza ; and employed, in 
 popular language, to designate the epide- 
 mic catarrhal or bronchitic affections, bet- 
 ter known, in France, by the names of 
 FOLLETTE, and GRIPPE, die Einfluss- 
 krankheit, of the Germans. 
 lNFUNDiBULiroRME,adj., trichterform- 
 ig, G. : an epithet employed, in Botany, 
 to specifically designate plants whose 
 parts, or organs, like the corolla of Campa- 
 nula , and the pileus of Agaricus infundi- 
 buliformis, exhibit the figure of a funnel, 
 infundibulum, n. L., Trichter, m. G- 
 
 INFUSION, s. f., infusio, f. L., 'iy%v<nt, 
 Aufguss, m. G. : in Pharmacy, the pro- 
 cess 01 pouring water, or other fluid, cold 
 or boiling, on a medicinal agent, and leav- 
 ing it covered up until the active princi- 
 ple of the substance, in question, has been 
 extracted. The cold Infusion of Cinchona, 
 Infusum Cinchonae sine calore, Ph. Gall., 
 kalter wasseriger Aufguss der China- 
 rinde, G , a very elegant and effective 
 preparation, exhibits an instance of the 
 first ; the Infusum Digitalis, Ph. Lond., 
 of the latter, variety of the process. The 
 term, Infusum, borrowed from the Latin, 
 and employed by German and British writ- 
 ers, as synon. with Infusio, is used, by the 
 French, to indicate the product, not the 
 process, of infusion. 
 
 INFUSOIR, s. m. i an instrument em- 
 ployed for the injection of divers fluids 
 into the veins of the lower animals, in the 
 prosecution of physiological experiments; 
 and into those of man, in the fulfilment of 
 therapeutic indications. 
 
 INFCSOIRES, s. m., and adj.,pl., Infuso- 
 ria, L., die Infusionthierchen, G.: in Zo- 
 ology, an Order of the Class, Vermes, of 
 Linnaeus ; constituted, by Muller, to in- 
 elude the animalcula which are developed
 
 INN 
 
 in infusions of animal and vegetable sub- 
 stances. This arrangement is rejected by 
 Blainville ; who regards the Infusoria as 
 belonging to different Classes of the Acti- 
 nozoa, or Radiated Animals. 
 
 INGREDIENT, s. m., F., and E., Ingre- 
 dienz, n. G. : a term applied, in Pharma- 
 cy, to all simple substances which enter 
 into the combination of a compound body. 
 Ingredientia dicuntur varia simplicia, quae 
 unicum compositum constituunt, L* 
 
 INGUINAL, adj., inguinalis, zu den 
 Lelsten gehorig, G., belonging to the 
 groins, inguines, L. : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to a canal and its orifice, so 
 circumstanced, see ANNEAU ; an artery, 
 see CRURAL ; a ligament, das Pou- 
 part'sche Band,G., see ARCADE ; a regi- 
 on, R. inguinale, see AINE ; and ylands, 
 glandulae inguinales, L., die Leistendru- 
 sen, G. In Surgery, to a variety of her- 
 nia, HERNIE inguinale, BUBONOCELE. In 
 Zoology, to the' teats of animals, Ma- 
 melles inguinales, which, like those of the 
 horse and tapir, are situated near the groin. 
 
 INGUINO-CUTANE, adj., inguino-cuta- 
 neus, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the anterior branch of the first 
 lumbar nerve ; as distributed on the groin, 
 and integuments covering the upper part 
 of the thigh. 
 
 INHUMATION, s. f., inhumatio, f. L., 
 Beerdigung, f. G. : the depositing of dead 
 bodies in the earth, humus, L., rde,G. ; 
 a practice frequently injurious to the 
 living who reside near the public places of 
 sepulture. 
 
 INIRRITABILITE, s. f. : diminution, or 
 loss, of the natural irritability. 
 
 INJECTE, adj. : an epithet applied, in Pa- 
 thology, and Pathological Anatomy, to the 
 conjunctiva oculi, or face, F. injectee, F., 
 or other part, organ, or structure, when 
 its vessels are unduly gorged with blood. 
 
 INJECTION, s. f., injectio, f. L.., Ein- 
 spritzung, f. G. : in Anatomy, and Sur- 
 gery, the propulsion of a fluid into the 
 vascular system, or other canal, or cavity, 
 of the animal body, by means of a syringe, 
 or other fit instrument : also, but incor- 
 rectly, the fluid employed in such process. 
 
 INNE, adj., innatus, L., 'ipQuros in- 
 born, not acquired, Ex. Idces innees, F., 
 angeborene Ideen, G., innate ideas. In 
 Pathology, synon. with CONGENIAL. 
 
 INNOMINE, adj., innominatus, Lu, un- 
 genannt, G., nameless, without name : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to divers 
 parts, or organs : as 1. a large bone of the 
 pelvis, see COXAL ; and three small bones 
 of the tarsus, Petits os innomines, F., 
 ossicula innomrnafa vel cuneiformia, L., 
 see CUNEIFORMS: 2. a cartilage of the la- 
 rynx, C. innominee, of the older anato- 
 mists, see CRICOIDE : 3. an artery, Ar- 
 
 338 
 
 INS 
 
 tere innominee (Brachio-cdphalique, Ch.), 
 F. ; given off from the aortic arch, and di- 
 viding into the right subclavian and caro- 
 tid : 4. Veins, Veines innominees, two 
 or three, which, proceeding from the ante- 
 rior surface, and right border, of the heart, 
 pour their blood into the corresponding au- 
 ricle: 5. a nerve, Nerf innomine, more 
 commonly known as the fifth cerebral, 
 see TRIJUMEAU : 6. a gland of the eye, 
 glandula innominata, L., destined to se- 
 crete tears, see LACHYMAL : and 7. the 
 sclerotic coat, die ungennante Augenhaut, 
 G., see SCLEROTIGUE, of that organ. 
 
 INNUTRITION, s. f. See ATROPHIE. 
 
 INOCULATION, s. f., inoculatio, f. L., 
 ivt><p6a,\p.iff/j<.os> Einhnpfung, f. G. : in Pa- 
 thology, the artificial introduction of the 
 principle of a contagious disease, especi- 
 ally or the variolous or vaccine virus, into 
 the animal economy : Variolarum inocula- 
 tio, L., inoculation of small-pox. INOCU- 
 LER, v. a., inoculare, L., inoculiren, 
 einimpfen, G., to practise inoculation. 
 
 INODOHE, adj., inodorus, L,., geruch- 
 los,G., inodorous: an epithet employed, in 
 Botany, to specifically distinguish plants, 
 which, as Artemisia inodora,exnale no smell. 
 
 INORGANIQUE, adj., inorganicus, L., 
 unorganisch, G. : an epithet applied, in 
 Natural History, to bodies which, as mi- 
 nerals, are utterly destitute of organs. Na- 
 turalists admit only two classes of bodies 
 in creation, the organized, and inorganic. 
 See BRUTE ; and Thomson, Chemistry of 
 Inorganic Bodies, 2 vol. 8vo. 1831. 
 
 INOSCULATION, s. f., inosculatio, f. L., 
 Einmiindung, f. G. : a term, in Anato- 
 my, synon. with ANASTOMOSE. In Sur- 
 gery, the union of the two extremities of 
 a divided blood-vessel. 
 
 INSALIVATION, s. f. : in Physiology, the 
 admixture of saliva with the aliment dur- 
 ing the act of mastication. 
 
 INSECT E, s. m., insectum, n. L., iv- 
 ropov, Insekt, n. G., an insect. IN- 
 SECTES, pi., Insecta, L., die Insekten, 
 G. : in Zoology, a Class of Invertebrata, 
 belonging to the Sub-regnum, Articulata, 
 of Cuvier ; the Entomoxoa, of Blainville ; 
 and Diplo-neura, of British zootomists : and 
 comprehending those animals which are 
 furnished with two antennae, six thoracic 
 legs, and spiracula for respiration. Many 
 ot them undergo a metamorphosis, more 
 or less perfect, in their progress from the 
 ovum to the adult state. This definition 
 obviously excludes the Crustacea, Acari, 
 Arachnida, and the Myriapoda, heretofore 
 confounded with Insects. The Class is di- 
 vided into several Orders ; for the distinc- 
 tive characters of which see APTERE, Co- 
 
 LEOPTERE, DlPTERE, HEMIFTEHE, Hlf- 
 
 MENOFTEHE,LEPIDOPTERE,NEVROFTERE, 
 and OaiHOPTERE. The structure and
 
 INS 
 
 physiology of Insects are admirably illus- 
 trated by Burmeister, see Manual of En- 
 tomology, translated from the German, by 
 Shuckard ; their noxious and medicinal pro- 
 perties, by Cloquet, Faune des Afedecins- 
 
 INSECTIVORES, s. m., and adj., pi., In- 
 sectivora, Insectivori, L. : a term applied, 
 by Cuvier, to a Family of Mammtferes, 
 Order Carnassiers ; and, by Temminck, 
 to an Order of the Bird-Class ; compre- 
 hending those species which, as the Insec- 
 tivorous Cheiroptera, among the former, and 
 Hirundinidce, among the latter, feed ex- 
 clusively, or principally, on Insects. 
 
 INSERTION, s. f., insertio, f. L., lita- 
 <r<f, trv/jt,q>vffis t Einfugung, Anheftung, f. 
 G. : in Anatomy, and Botany, the inti- 
 mate attachment of one part, or organ, to 
 another; as the insertion of a ligament, 
 muscle or its tendon, into a bone ; of a 
 corolla, stamen, pistil, leaf, or ovary, into 
 any determinate point of a plant. In Pa- 
 thology, the artificial introduction of a vi- 
 rus into the animal system : hence synon. 
 with INOCULATION. 
 
 lNSEXE,adj., insexus, L., geschlecht- 
 los, G., sexless. See NEUTRE. 
 
 INSIPIDE, adj., insipidus,L,, a^atoi, 
 geschmacklos, G., insipid. "TS^ a-roiora- 
 nv, the purest most tasteless water. 
 
 INSOLATION, s. t, insolatio, L., 
 Sonnen, n. G. : exposure to the influence 
 of the solar rays ; employed for the desic- 
 cation of Pharmaceutical substances, and 
 Chemical preparations: in Therapeutics, 
 to arouse the vital powers from a state of 
 languor, and excite cutaneous irritation. 
 Frequently, the source of a disease, 
 termed COUP de soleil, Sonnensticb, m.G. 
 
 INSOLUBILITE, s. f., insolubilitas, f.L., 
 Unauflosbarkeit, Unauflb'slichkeit. f. G. : 
 the property possessed, by certain bodies, 
 of not dissolving in a fluid. INSOLUBLE, 
 adj., insolubilis, aXi/ro?, unaufloslich : 
 endowed with the property of insolubility. 
 
 INSOMNIE, s. f., insomnia, f., pervigili- 
 um, n. L., see AGRYPNIE : an unerring 
 sign of the disturbance of some important 
 organ, even when no pain exists. 
 
 INSPIRATEUR, s. m., and adj., inspira- 
 tor, inspirationi inserviens, Li. : a term, or 
 epithet, employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate those muscles, M. impirateurs, F., 
 principally the diaphragm and intercostals, 
 which, by contracting, enlarge the cavity 
 of the thorax, and produce the inspiratory 
 act, INSPIRATION, s. f., inspiratio, f. L., 
 ip.vrvtviris, Einathmung, f. G., that act 
 by which air rushes into the lungs in the 
 process of respiration. 
 
 INSTILLATION, s. f., instillatio, f. L,., 
 Eintropfelung, f. G. : in Pharmacy, the 
 act of pouring out a liquid drop by drop. 
 
 INSTRUMENT, s. m., instrumentum, n. 
 L., i%<ya*.si<, Werkzeug, n. G. : any 
 339 
 
 INT 
 
 mechanical agent employed in the opera- 
 tions of Surgery, Chemistry, or Pharma- 
 cy: in Physiology, the term, instrument, 
 is synon. with OHGANE. 
 
 INSUFFLATION, s. f., insufflatio, f. L., 
 Einblasen, n. G. : the act of introducing 
 a gaseous fluid into a cavity of the body ; 
 especially air into the lungs, in suspended 
 animation. 
 
 INTEGRIFOLIE, adj., ganzblattrig, G.: 
 an epithet employed, in Botany, for the 
 specific designation of plants; which, as 
 Dodecatheon integrifolium, are clothed with 
 entire leaves. 
 
 INTEGRITE, s. f., integritas, f. L., 
 Unverletztheit, f. G. : a term employed, 
 by the French, to express a perfectly 
 healthy state of the animal body, or the or- 
 ganic tissues of which it is composed. 
 
 INTELLECTUEL, adj., intellectualis, 
 intellectuel, verstandig : pertaining to the 
 INTELLECT, s. m., intellectus, m. L.., 
 Verstand, m. G., vous, understanding. 
 The intellectual Faculties, les Facultes in- 
 teUectuelles, F., die Verstandeskriifte, G., 
 constitute the 2nd Order, of the Phreno- 
 logical System of Dr. Spurzheim. 
 
 INTEMPERANCE, s. f., intemperantia, 
 f. L., axoXa<r/a, Unmassigkeit, fl G. : an 
 immoderate indulgence of the appetite ; 
 a prolific source of diseases. 
 
 INTENSITE, s. f., intensitas, f. L., 
 Heftigkeit, f. G., activity, violence : in- 
 tensity of a disease, Int. d'une maladie, F. 
 INTENSE, adj., intensus, f. L., kraftig, 
 G., severe, violent : Froide intense, F., 
 die heftige Kalte, G., intense cold. 
 
 INTENTION, s. f., intentio, f. L. : a 
 term of common application, in Surgery. 
 Cicalrisation,ou reunion, par premiere , par 
 seconde intention, F., healing (of a wound) 
 by thejirst intention, before ; by the se- 
 cond, after suppuration has taken place. 
 
 INTER-ARTICULAIRE, adj., interarti- 
 cularis, L,. : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate, 1 . the Jibro-cartilaget, 
 F. interarticulaires, F., which exist be- 
 tween the surfaces of the respective bones 
 in the cleido-sternal, cartilag. interarticu- 
 lares claviculae et sterni, L., der Zwisch- 
 enknorpeln des Schliisselbeins und des 
 Brustbeins, G., temporo-maxillary, ver- 
 tebral, and femoro-tibial articulations : and 
 2 the ligaments, Ligamens inter-art., F., 
 situated within the latter, and the coxo- 
 femoral articulations. 
 
 INTEHCALE, adj. : an epithet applied to 
 ossa Wormiana,byBeclard. SeeWoRMiEN. 
 
 INTER-CERVICAL, adj., intercervicalis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier and 
 Dumas, to certain muscles, M. inter-cervi- 
 caux, F., situated between the cervical 
 vertebrae. See INTER-EPINEUX. 
 
 lNTER-CLAVicuLAiRE,adj., interclavi- 
 cular : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 
 Z2
 
 INT 
 
 a ligament, Ligamentum interclaviculare, 
 Li., Zwischenschlusselbeinband, G. ; which, 
 passing transversely across the sternum, 
 connects the heads of the two clavicles. 
 
 INTERCOSTAL, adj., intercostalis, L. : 
 an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to de- 
 signate certain muscles, blood-vessels, and 
 nerves, which are situated, or distributed, 
 between the ribs, inter costas, L. : as 1, 
 the intercostal Muscles, M. intercostaux, 
 F., musculi intercostales, L., die Zwisch- 
 enrippenmuskeln, G. ; extending from the 
 inferior margin of each rib above, to the 
 superior of that below, and distinguished 
 into the external, les externes, F., exter- 
 ni,L., iiussere,G.; and internal, internes, 
 interni, innere : 2. arteries, Arteres in- 
 tercostales, arterise intercostales, Zwisch- 
 enr/j/>ewschlagadern of which, a. the su- 
 perior, intercostale superieure, superior, 
 obere, a branch of the sub-clavian, is 
 distributed to the first two intercostal 
 spaces, Espaces intercostaux, F. : and b. 
 the inferior, infer ieures ou aortiques, in- 
 feriores, die unteren, 8 or 9 in num- 
 ber; arise from the thoracic aorta; divide 
 into a dorsal, and proper intercostal branch ; 
 and occupy the lower intercostal spaces : 3. 
 Veins, Veines intercostales, venae intercos- 
 tales, Zwischenrippcnvenen ; of which, a. 
 the two superior, right and left, superieure 
 droile et gauche, dextra etsinistra superi- 
 or die obere ZwischenrippenveneAerrecht- 
 en und linken Seite, terminate in the sub- 
 clavian; and b. theinfenor, infer ieurs droites 
 et gauches, die unteren, respectively, 
 into the greater and lesser azygos, dans 
 la veine azygos, et dans la demi-azygos : and 
 4. Nerves, Nerfs inlercostaux, nervi in- 
 tercostales, die Intercostalnerven ; given 
 off by the anterior branches of the dorsal, 
 and distributed on the muscles of the tho- 
 racic and abdominal parietes. The great 
 sympathetic, see TRISPI.ANCHNIQUE, 
 is, also, often termed the intercostal, Nerf 
 intercostal, F. Die Brustknoten des Inter- 
 costalnervens, G., ganglia thoracica nervi 
 eympathetici maximi, L. 
 
 lNTER-CUTANE,adj. Sse SOUS-CUTANE. 
 
 INTER-EPINEUX, adj., interspinosus. 
 L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 certain ligaments and muscles, situated be- 
 tween the spinous processes of the verte- 
 brae : as 1 . Ligamens inter-epineux, F., die 
 Zwischendorrib&nder,G., which exist only 
 in the lumbar and dorsal regions : and 2. 
 Muscles inter-epineiue, musculi interspina- 
 les, Zwischendornmuskeln smallbundles, 
 of muscular or tendinous structure, ex- 
 tending from the spinous process of one 
 vertebra, to that of the succeeding; and 
 hence distinguished into the Jnterspinales 
 colli, dorsi, et lumborum, of British , and 
 Inler-epineuxcervicaux( intercervicaux, 
 Ch.) and Inter-epi-dorso-lombaires (portion 
 
 340 
 
 du m. sacro-spinal, Ch.), of French ana- 
 tomical writers. 
 
 INTER-LATERI-COSTAL, adj., inter-la- 
 teri-costalis, L- : an epithet applied, by 
 Dumas, to the external intercostal muscles. 
 See INTERCOSTAL. 
 
 INT ERLOBULAIRE, adj., interlobularis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to 
 the great fissure, Scissure inter lobulaire, 
 which separates the anterior from the mid- 
 dle lobe of the brain. 
 
 INTERMAXILLAIRE, adj., intermaxil- 
 laris, L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 1. to an osseous piece, Os intermaxillaire 
 
 ( incisif, labial, ou palatin), F., in- 
 
 termaxillare,\j., das/nterma-ritfarknochen, 
 der Zwischenkiefer, G., which exists be- 
 tween the superior maxillary bones of divers 
 adult Mammifera, and of the human foetus; 
 and receives the superior incisor teeth. 
 The os quadratum of birds, See CARRE, 
 as situated between, and serving to u- 
 nite, the two maxillae or mandibles, is, also, 
 thus designated by Schnieder. 2. to a 
 ligament, L. intermaxillaire, Winslow, 1' 
 Aponevrose bucco-pharynoienne, of other 
 anatomists. 
 
 INTERMISSION, s. f., intermissio, f. L., 
 S/aXt^/j, Unterlassen, n. G. : in Pa- 
 thology, the interval, .Zwischenzeit.f.G., 
 which separates the paroxysms of a pe- 
 riodical disease. 
 
 INTERMITTENCE, s. f., intermittentia, 
 f. L. : the type of a disease composed of 
 paroxysms which recur at fixed or uncer- 
 tain periods. INTERMITTENT, adj. : an 
 epithet employed, in Pathology, to desig- 
 nate diseases, morbi inter mittentes, L., 
 aussetzende Krankheiten,G. especially fe- 
 ver, Fievre intermittente,~F ., Wechselfie- 
 ber,G., of such type : and a pulse, Pouls 
 intermittent, F., aussetzender intermitti- 
 render Puls, G., which, after some vibra- 
 tions of the artery, is observed to stop. 
 
 INTERNE, adj., internus, L., IvSe-rsfay, 
 innere, innerlich, G., internal: an e- 
 pithet, of frequent application, in Medi- 
 cine and the Sciences, as designative of a 
 morbid affection existing in the interior ; 
 or of an organ, or part, situated more deep- 
 ly within, or nearer the mesial line of, the 
 body, than some other with which it is 
 connected : Exs. Maladie interne, F., an 
 internal disease ; musculus obliquus inter- 
 nus abdominis, L , the internal oblique 
 abdominal muscle; innerer Augenwinkel, 
 G., the inner, or nasal, angle of the eye. 
 
 INTEROSSEUX, adj. : an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to divers parts, and organs, 
 situated between bones, inter ossa, L.., 
 zwischen den Knochen, G. : as 1. muscles, 
 M, inlerosseux, extending from the bones 
 of the human metacarpus, and metatarsus, 
 to the first phalanges of the fingers, and 
 toes, and respectively distinguished into
 
 INT 
 
 two sets, the external and internal, inte- 
 rossei extern! et interni, Li., aussere und 
 innere Zwischenknochenmuskeln, G. The 
 external of both members, four in number 
 and dorsally situated, constitute les Mus- 
 cles inteross. dorsaux ; and the three in- 
 ternal of the hand and foot, placed in the 
 palm and sole, les M. inteross. palmaires, et 
 plantaires, respectively, of French Anato- 
 mists : les me'tacarpo- et me"tatarso-pha- 
 langiens lateraux, of Chaussier. 2. a lig- 
 ament, L. interosseux, F., fixed between 
 the two bones, ulna and radius, of the 
 thoracic, and tibia and fibula, of the pel- 
 vic limb. 3 Arteries, Arteresinterosseuses, 
 F., distinguished into, A. those of the fore- 
 arm, Art. inter. deTavant bras ; B. of the 
 hand, de la main ; and, c. of the foot, 
 du pied. The common interosseous artery 
 of the former, a branch of the ulnar, tra- 
 verses the interosseous ligament with, 4. 
 the corresponding vein, vena interossea, 
 L., accompanied, in its anterior division, 
 by, 5. the interosseous nerve, der Zwischen- 
 knochennerve, G., a branch of the median. 
 COUTEAU interosseux: a knife, employed 
 in surgical operations. 
 
 INTER-PARIETAL, adj., in Compara- 
 tive Anatomy, a cranial bone, os interpa- 
 rietale,~L,., situated, in the Mammifera, be- 
 tween the parietal, frontal, and superior 
 occipital bones, the Os carre, F., of the 
 horse. 
 
 IxTER-PLLVRi-CosTAL, adj., inter- 
 
 pleuri-costalis, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Dumas, to the internal intercostal muscles. 
 See INTERCOSTAL. 
 
 INTERSCAPULAIRE, adj. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to the 'region, R. in- 
 terscapulaire,I-i., regio inter scapularis, L., 
 der Vorderrucken,G., situated between 
 the scapulae. 
 
 INTERSECTION, s. f., intersectio, f. L., 
 "Siaxovti, Durchschnitt, Durchschnitt- 
 punkt, m. G. : the point at which two 
 lines meet, and cross, each other. Inters, 
 aponevrotique, F. : the fibrous band by 
 which certain muscles, as the Recti abdo- 
 minis, and Sterno-hyoidei, are intersected. 
 
 INTERSTICE, s. m., interstitium, n. L., 
 $iK<rrtip,K, Zwischenraum, m. G. : in 
 Physics, the minute interval which separ- 
 ates the molecules of bodies : in Anatomy, 
 that which exists between organs, or parts 
 of organs, of the animal structure. 
 
 INTER-TRACHELIEN,S. m.,and adj., in- 
 tertrachelianus, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Intertransversales colli, 
 muscles. See 
 
 INTER-TRANSVEHSAIRE, adj., an epi- 
 thet applied to muscles situated between 
 the transverse processes of, 1. the cervical 
 vertebras. These are the M. intertransver- 
 saires( intertracheliens,Ch.),of.Frenc& , 
 intertransversales colli, of Latin , and 
 
 341 
 
 INT 
 
 die Zwischenquerfortsatxmuskeln des Nac- 
 kens, of German anatomical writers : six 
 of them are distinguished as the anterior, 
 lesanterieurs, F., die vorderen, G.;and 
 five, posterior, posterieurs, die hinteren. 
 2. of the lumbar vertebras, M. inter-trans- 
 vursaires des lombcs, F., Intertransversales 
 lumborum, L. ; five on each side. In ad- 
 dition to these, eleven pairs of very slender 
 muscles, Intertransversales dorsi, L., are 
 described, by German and British anatom- 
 ists, as connecting the transverse processes 
 of the dorsal vertebras. 
 
 INTERTRIGO, s. f. : in Pathology, a spe- 
 cies of Erythema ; induced by attrition of 
 contiguous surfaces of skin, or by acridity 
 of the f'cecal or urinary evacuations. 
 
 JNTERVERTEBRAL, adj. : an epithet 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate the 
 elastic. fibro-cartilages, or ligaments, F. in- 
 tervertebraux, F., ligamenta 'interverle- 
 bralia, L., die Zwischenwirbelkorperba.nd- 
 er, G., situated between the bodies of the 
 vertebra?, inter vertebras, L., and con- 
 necting them, from the interval which ex- 
 ists between the 2nd and 3rd cervical, to 
 thai which separates the last lumbar, and 
 the sacrum. 
 
 INTESTIN, s. m., intestinum, n. L., 
 'ivTt^ov, Gedarm, n. G., intestine : in 
 Anatomy, a convoluted musculo-membra- 
 nous canal, contained in the abdominal ca- 
 vity, and extending from stomach to anus. 
 Distinguished into two portions, small and 
 large, Int. artle et ffros, F. : the former, 
 subdivided into Duodenum, Jejunum, and 
 I leum, see ILEON ; the latter, into Ccecum, 
 Colon, and Rectum. The intestines, les 
 Inlestins, F., intestina, L., ra, evrega, 
 die Eingeweide,G., are short and simple, 
 in the Carnivora ; long and complicated, in 
 the Herbivora ; and of mean length and 
 complexity in omnivorous animals. In 
 Man, they measure six or eight times the 
 length of the body ; and of this, four 5ths 
 belong to the small intestine. INTESTIN, 
 adj., intestinus, L., innerlich, G. Mouve- 
 ment intestin, F.., an intestine commotion. 
 
 INTESTINAL, adj., intestinalis, L. : im- 
 plicating, or belonging to, the intestines, 
 zu den Eingeweiden gehorig, G. : Con- 
 duit , E'tranglement intestinal, F., the 
 intestinal canal, strangulation of the in tes- 
 tine. INTESTINAUX, s. m., pi.. Intestina- 
 lia, L. : a term applied, by Linnaeus, to 
 an Order of the Class, Vermes : now consti- 
 tuting a distinct Class, Entozoa, see En- 
 tozoaires, in the Sub-Regnum, Diplo- 
 Neura, of modern zoologists. See, also, 
 Rudolphi, Entoz., sive Vermium Intestina- 
 llum, Hist. Nat. 2 vol. 1HOO. 
 
 INTRA-PELVIO-TROCHANTERIEN, adj., 
 intra-pelvio-trochanterianus, L. : an e- 
 pithet applied, by Dumas, to the Obtura- 
 tor internus, muscle. See OBTURATEOR,
 
 INTRINSEQUE, adj., intrinsecu6, L., 
 Innerlich, inwendig, G. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, and Pathology, to organs, 
 and diseases t internally situated. See Ex- 
 
 THINSEQUE. 
 
 INTROMISSION, s. f., intromissio, f. L., 
 Eindringen, n. G. : the act of introduc- 
 ing one body, or organ, into the interior of 
 another. Ex. Intr. de la verge, F. 
 
 INTUMESCENCE, s. , Ausschwellen, 
 n., Geschwullst, f. G. : in Pathology, aug- 
 mentation, in volume, of the tissue of any 
 part, or organ, of the body. INTUMES- 
 CENCES, pi., IntumescenticE, f. L., pi. : an 
 Order of diseases, instituted by Sauvages ; 
 and comprehending ANASARQUE, GROS- 
 SESSE, OEDEME, PHYSCONIE, PNEUMA- 
 
 TOSE, et POLYSARCIE. 
 
 INTUS-SUSCEPTION, s. f., intussuscep- 
 tio, f. (intus, within, suscipere, to receive), 
 L. : in Physiology, the act whereby sub- 
 stances, about to undergo the process of 
 assimilation, are introduced into the inte- 
 rior of organized bodies, to be absorbed for 
 the purposes of nutrition. In Pathology, 
 synon. with iNTEO-SuscEPTioN, s. f., and 
 INVAGINATION. 
 
 INULINE, s. f., inulina, f. L., inulin : 
 in Chemistry, a white starch-like substance, 
 discovered in the roots of Inula helenium, 
 and of Colchicum. 
 
 INVAGINATION, s. f., invaginatio, f., 
 volvulus, m. L. : in Pathology, the intro- 
 duction of a portion of intestine into that 
 which immediately precedes, or follows, it; 
 ordinarily, according to Broussais, the 
 consequence of inflammation. 
 
 INVASION, s. f., invasio, f. L. : in Pa- 
 thology, the period at which the pheno- 
 mena of a disease are first developed. In- 
 vasio , impetus morbi contagiosi, I.., der 
 An/all einer ansteckenden Krankheit, G. 
 
 INVERSION, s. f. See ANASTHOPHIE. 
 
 INVERTEBRE, s. m., and adj., inverte- 
 bratus, L., wirbellos, G., invertebrat- 
 ed : a term employed, in Zoology, to de- 
 signate the second great Division of the 
 Animal Kingdom ; comprehending all 
 those animals, les Animaux Invertebres, 
 F., Invertebrata, L., Thiere ohne wirbel- 
 saulc, G., which are destitute of a verte- 
 bral column. They are, by modern Zoolo- 
 gists, arranged in three types, or Sub-reg- 
 na : 1. the Mollusca, les Malacozoaires, 
 Blainv., Cyclo-Ganyliata, Grant; 2. Arti- 
 culata, Entomozoaires, Diplo-Neura ; and 
 3.Zoophyta, Actinozoaires, Cyclo-Neura; 
 each of which comprizes several Classes. 
 The last has been sub-divided, by Prof. 
 Owen,\ntothe Nematoneura seeNEMATO- 
 NEURES, and Acritaor Cryploneura. See 
 Cyclopedia of Anatomy and Physiology, 
 Art. Animal Kingdom; Jones, General Out- 
 line of the Animal Kingdom, Part I. ; and 
 Delle-Chiaje, Memorie sulla Storia e Noto- 
 
 342 
 
 IPE 
 
 mia dcgli Animali senxa Vertebre, 3 vols. 
 4to. Napoli, 18251828. 
 
 INVOLUCELLE, s. m., involucellum, n. 
 L., Hiillchen, n. G. : in Botany, a par- 
 tial involucre. INVOLUCELLE, adj., invo- 
 lucellatus, L. : furnished, like the Umbel- 
 lifers, with an involucell. 
 
 INVOLUCRE, s. m., involucrum, n. L, 
 Hulle, f. G. : in Botany, the bractece 
 which surround, in a whorl, the flowers of 
 the Umbelliferce. The involucre is general, 
 or partial; the latter, an INVOLUCELLE. 
 INVOLUCRE, adj., involucratus, L. : fur- 
 nished with a general involucre. 
 
 IODATE, s. m., iodas, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, iodsaure Salze, 
 G., resulting from combination of iodic 
 acid, Acide iodique, F., acidum iodicum, 
 L., /ocfeaure, lodinesaure, G., itself a 
 compound of oxygen and iodine, with sa- 
 lifiable bases. 
 
 IODE, s. m., iodina, f., iodinium, n. L., 
 Iodine, lode, f., lod, n. G., iodine : a 
 simple body discovered, in 1813, by Cour- 
 tois ; and so named from the violet colour 
 (lialwi) which it exhibits in a state of va- 
 pour. IODE, adj., iodatus, L. : contain- 
 ing iodine. German Officinal Preparation : 
 HydriodinsauresKaVi, Hydriodateofpotass. 
 
 IODEUX, adj., iodeus, L. The iodous 
 acid, Acide iodeux, F., lodigsaure, G., 
 is believed to constitute the first degree of 
 oxydation of iodine ; and the iodic, see 
 IODIQUE, the second. 
 
 IODO-NITRIQUE, loDO-PHOSPHORIQUE, 
 
 IODO-SULFURIQUE, adj. : epithets, in Che- 
 mistry, employed to designate three dou- 
 ble acids, acidum iodonitricum, iodo- 
 phosphoricum, iodosulphuricum, L. , Iod- 
 saure Salpetersaure, Phosphorsaure, 
 Schwefelsaure, G., resulting from combi- 
 nation of the iodic, respectively, with the 
 nitric, phosphoric, and sulphuric acids. 
 
 IODURE, s. m., ioduretum, n. L. : a 
 combination of iodine with a simple body. 
 
 IPECACUANHA, s. m., L., Ipekaku- 
 anha, Brechwurzel, G. : in Materia Medi- 
 ca, the name of a root, much employed for 
 its emetic properties, which depend on the 
 presence of EMETINE. Of the several va- 
 rieties, met with in commerce, the three 
 principal are the grey, while, and brown, 
 Vlpec. yris, blanc, et brun, F., die 
 graue, weisse, und die braune Ipekak., G. 
 The first is the product of the Cephaelis 
 by some termed Calicocca Ipecacuanha ; 
 the second, of the lonidium formerly Vi- 
 ola Ipecacuanha ; and the third, of the 
 Psycholria emetica : all, American plants, 
 belonging to Class, Pvntandria, Order, 
 Monogynia, Linn. : the first, and third, of 
 the Natural Family of the Rulnaceee ; the 
 second, of that of the Violacea. French 
 and German Officinal Preparations : a Sy- 
 rup, Syrupus de Ipecacuanha, Ph. Gall.,
 
 IRR 
 
 Brechwurzelsyrup, G. ; a Compound 
 Powder, Pulvis de Ipecacuanha et Opio 
 compositus, Pulvis Doveri, Zusammen- 
 gesetzes Brechwurzelpulver, Doverisches 
 Pulver. French: Troches, Tabellae de 
 Ipecacuanha^ German : a Wine, Brech- 
 wurzelwein. The Emetine, of the French, 
 is, lastly, the Brechwurzel-Extract, of 
 German Pharmacologists. See Schwartze, 
 Pharmac. Tabellen, Z wetter Band, p. 66 ; 
 and Diet. Univ. de Mat. Med., t. iii, p. 368. 
 
 IRIDEES, s. f., and adj., pi., Iridea, L. : 
 in Botany, a Natural Family of plants, 
 having, for their type, the genus, Iris. 
 
 IRIDECTOMIE, s. i., iridectomia, f. (%/?, 
 the iris, lrif^vn>, to excise), L., der Iris- 
 schnitt, in., das Ausscheiden der Iris, G. : in 
 Ophthalmic Surgery, excision of a portion 
 or the iris, for the formation of an artifici- 
 al pupil, Pupillenbildung, f. F. IRI- 
 DOPTOSE, s. m., iridoptosis, f. (same, and 
 rruffit) a falling down), L., Irisvorfall, m. 
 G. : prolapsus of the iris. 
 
 IRIS, s. m., F.v et JL., %<;, Regenbo- 
 genhaut, G. : in Anatomy, a membrane, 
 vertically situated in the anterior part, 
 amidst the aqueous humour, of the eye ; 
 and forming a flat and circular partition, 
 perforated, in the centre, by a rounded 
 
 orifice, see PRUNELLE, between the 
 
 anterior and posterior chambers of the or- 
 gan. IRIEN, adj., irinus, L. : an epithet 
 applied, by Chaussier, to the long ciliary 
 arteries, and ciliary nerves, see CILI- 
 AIRE ; as especially distributed on the tm. 
 IRITE, s, f., iritis, f. L., die Entziind- 
 ung der Regenlogenhaut, G., inflamma- 
 tion of the iris. 
 
 IRIS, s. f., F., et L,. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny ( Triandria, monogyn. ), die Schwerdli- 
 lie, G. ; constituting the type of the IRI- 
 DEES, and comprehending numerous Eu- 
 ropean species; several of which, as I.flo- 
 rentina, h Jgi;, of the Greeks, germanica, 
 pseudacorus, et fcetidissima, l'/m de Flo- 
 rence, d'Allemagne, de marais, et fe,- 
 tide,of the French , die Florentinische , 
 die teutsche , Wasser-, und stinkende 
 Schwerdlilie, of German botanists, are medi- 
 cinally employed. Fresh roots of the three 
 former, acrid, emetic, purgative, hydragogue; 
 of the latter, reputed antispasmodic and 
 narcotic. Root of the first known, in Ger- 
 man Pharmacy, by the name of Florentin- 
 ische "Veilcheu- oder Violen- WurzeL 
 
 IRRADIATION, s. f., irradiatio, f. L., 
 Ausstrahlung, f. G. : in Physics, move- 
 ment from the centre, to the circumference, 
 of a body. 
 
 IRREDDCTIBLE, adj., unverklanerlich, 
 G. : not susceptible of reduction, Exs. 
 Fracture , Hernie in-eductible, F., irre- 
 ducible fracture, and hernia. 
 
 lRRKGULiER,adj., irregularis.Li., a.iu- 
 puKosy unregelmassig, G. See ANOMALIE. 
 
 343 
 
 ISC 
 
 IRBITABILITE', s. f., irritabilitas, f. L., 
 oy^atrftes, lleizbarkeit, f. G. : a term 
 applied, by some physiologists, especially 
 Haller, to the faculty possessed by living 
 organic tissues ; and now more commonly 
 named CONTRACTILITE. Muscular irri- 
 tability is termed, by Chaussier, MYOTILI- 
 T. IRRITABLE, adj., irritabilis, L., 
 reizbar, G. : endowed with irritability. 
 
 IRRITANT, s. m., and adj., irritans, .L., 
 reizend, G. : an agent which determines 
 an IRRITATION, s. f., irritatio, L., 
 ipfifftas, Reizung, f. G. : the condition 
 of an organ, or organic tissue, wherein ex- 
 ists an excess of internal vital movement, 
 commonly manifested bv exaltation of the 
 circulation, and sensibility. Irritation is 
 defined, by Broussais, " the morbid super- 
 excitation of vitality." 
 
 ISCHIADIQUE, adj. Syn. with ISCIIIA- 
 
 T1QUE. 
 
 ISCHIAGRE, s. , ischiagra, l (i<r%itiv, 
 the ischium, iLy^u., prey ! sehr passend ! 
 Kraus), L., Huftgicht, G. : & gouty af- 
 fection of the haunch, Goutte ischiatique : 
 also, a synonym of Neuralgia of the thigh, 
 Nevralaie femoro-poplitee, F. 
 
 ISCHIAL, adj., ischialis, L. : belonging 
 to, or contributed by, the ischium. Portion 
 ischiale de Fos des lies, F., ischial portion 
 of the os innominatum. 
 
 ISCHIALGIE, s. , ischialgia, (i<r%ia, 
 aXyuy, pain), I,., Huftweh, n. G. : pain 
 about the haunch, or coxo-femoral articu- 
 lation, or in the course of the sciatic nerve. 
 
 ISCHIATICIUE, adj., ischiaticus, ischia- 
 dicus, Li., Iffxtadixos, !ff%nnxos, ischiatic : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, and Patho- 
 logy, to designate, 1. parts, or organs, be- 
 longing to, and 2. morbid affections seated 
 in, or connected with, the ischium. 1. A. the 
 Fissure, F. ou Echancrure ischiatique, F., 
 incisura ischiatica, L., der Sitzbeinaus- 
 schnitt,G. ; B. the Sjnne, E'pine ischiatique, 
 spina ossis ischii, Sitzbeinstachel ; and 
 c. tne Tuberosity, Tuberosite ischiatique, 
 tuber ischii, Sitzbeinhocker, exhibited 
 by the bone itself, Os ischiatique,^. Sitz- 
 bein, G. : D. an Artery, Artere ischiatique } 
 arteria ischiatica, Sitxbeinschlagader, 
 a branch of the internal iliac, passing from 
 the pelvis through the great ischiatic notch, 
 and distributed on the posterior superior 
 regions of the thigh : E. a Vein, Veine is- 
 chiatique, accompanying the artery ; and 
 F. a Nerve, der grosse Huftnerv, G., 
 more commonly termed SCIATIQUE. 
 
 2. Gout, or Neuralgia, Nevralgie ischi- 
 atique, F., see ISCHIAGRE, occupying 
 the region of the ischium ; and B. Phthisis, 
 Phthisic ischiatique, F., phth.ischiadica, 
 tabes coxaria, L., die Hufl- oder Linden- 
 schwindsucht, G., consequent on suppu- 
 ration in the coxo-femoral joint, or pelvis, 
 wegen Vereiterung ini HuftgelcnTt oder
 
 ISC 
 
 im Becken. See, also, ICHIATOCKLE, ou 
 ISCHIOCELE. 
 
 ISCHIDROSE, s. f., ischidrosis, f. (*%, 
 to suppress, fyus, sweat), L. : die Unter- 
 druckung der Hautausdunnstung oder der 
 Schweisses,CT., suppressionof the cutaneous 
 transpiration or sweat. 
 
 ISCHIO-ANAL, adj., ischio-analis, L. : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to the 
 Levator ani, muscle. See RELEVEUR. 
 
 ISCHIO-CAVERNEUX, s. m., and adj. : in 
 Anatomy, the name of a muscle (Ischio- 
 urdthral, Ch.), Ischio-cavernosus, vel E- 
 rector penis, L., Sitzbeinzellkorpermus- 
 kel, oder Aufrichter der Ruthe, G. ; at- 
 tached to the inner surface of the tuber is- 
 chii, and surrounding the origin of the cor- 
 pus cavernosum penis, in the male, and 
 clitoridis in the Jemale. This latter, the 
 Erector clitoridis,of British , and Aufricht- 
 er der Klitoris, of German Anatomy, is 
 termed, by Dumas, M. ischio-clitoridien, 
 Ischio-clitorideus, L. 
 
 ISCHIOCELE, OU IsCHIATOCELE, S. m., 
 
 Hernie ischiatique, ischiocele, f. (le%iov, the 
 ischium, xfan, hernia), hernia ischiatica, 
 L., Gesassbruch, m. G. : in Surgical 
 Pathology, hernia, formed by protrusion 
 of the viscera through the great ischiatic 
 foramen. 
 
 ISCHIO-CLITORIEN, adj.: belonging to 
 the ischium and clitoris. Ex. Artere ischio- 
 clitorienne, Nerfischio-clitonen : branches 
 of the internal pudic artery and ptidic 
 nerve, distributed on the clitoris. ISCHIO- 
 CLITORIDIEN. See ISCHIO-CAVERNEUX. 
 
 ISCHIO-COCCYGIEN, s. m., and adj. : the 
 name of a muscle, M. ischio-coccygeus, vel 
 cocci/gcus, L., Steissbeinmuskel, G.; ex- 
 tending from the ischiatic spine to the coc- 
 cyx, and, in ordinary anatomical descrip- 
 tions, to the sacrum. By some writers, 
 see COCCYX, described as two distinct 
 muscles. 
 
 IscHio-CRKTi-TiBiAL, s. m., and adj., 
 ischio-creti-tibialis, L. : a term applied, by 
 Dumas, to a muscle of the thigh, see Dfc- 
 MI-TENDINEUX ; from its attachments to 
 the ischium, and crest of the tibia* 
 
 ISCHIO-FEMORAL, s. m., and adj., is- 
 chio-femoralis, L.. : a term applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the third or greater adductor 
 muscle of the thigh, see ADDUCTEUR, 3 ; 
 from its attachments to the ischium, and fe- 
 mur : as ISCHIO-FEMORO-PEHONIEN, is- 
 chio-femoro-peroneus, on like principle, 
 to the BICEPS crural. 
 
 ISCHION, s. m., <%/, ischium, is- 
 chion, n. L., Sitzbein, m. G. : the lower 
 division of the os innominatum, see ISCHI- 
 ATIQUE. 
 
 ISCHIO-PENIEN, s. m., and adj., ischio- 
 penianus, L. : a term applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the superior or deep-seated branch, 
 Artere ischio-pinienne, F., of the inter' 
 
 344 
 
 ISC 
 
 nal pubic artery, die innere Schamarterie, 
 G.: and to the pudicnerve, seeHoNTEUx. 
 
 ISCHIO-PERINEAL, adj., ischio-perinea- 
 lis, L.|: an epithet employed, by Chaussier, 
 to designate a muscle, and an artery, m.,et 
 art, transversalis perina&i, L., see TRANS- 
 VERSE ; which pass from the ischium to 
 the perinceum. 
 
 IscHio-PoPLiji-TiBiAL, adj., ischio- 
 popliti-tibialis, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Semi-membranosiu mus- 
 cle: as IscHio-PnkTiBiAL, ischio-preti- 
 bialis, L., to the Semi-tendinosus, see 
 DEMI-MEMBHANEUX, and -TENDINEUX; 
 from their respective points of attach- 
 ment. 
 
 ISCHIO-PROSTATIQUE, adj., ischio-pro- 
 staticus, L: : an epithet applied, by some 
 anatomists, to a few fibres of the Trans- 
 ve.rsus Perineei muscle, which run towards 
 the prostate gland. 
 
 IscHio-PuBi-FEMORAL. See ISCHIO- 
 FEMORAL. ISCHIO-PUBI-PROSTATIQUE, 
 adj. : a synonym, by Dumas, of the Trans- 
 versus perintei muscle. See TRANSVERSE. 
 
 IscHio-Soos-CLiTORiEN, s. m., and adj., 
 ischio-infra-clitorianus, L. : a term ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to the Erector clitori- 
 dis muscle. See ISCHIO-CAVERNEUX. 
 
 IsCHIO-SoUS-TROCHANTERIEN,S.m.,and 
 
 adj., ischio-infra-trochanterianus, L. : a 
 term applied, by Chaussier, to the Gemini 
 muscles ; and to some twigs, Nerfs ischio- 
 trochanteriens, of the lesser sciatic nerve, 
 distributed on the muscles of the ischium 
 and trochanter. 
 
 IscHio-URETHRAL,adj., ischio-urethra- 
 lis. Synon. with ISCHIO-CAVERNEUX. 
 
 ISCHNOPHONIE, S. f., i/r^tofavia, isch- 
 
 nophonia, f. L. : weakness of voice, eine 
 schwache Stimme. G. 
 
 ISCHOBLENNIE, s. f., ischoblennia, f. 
 ("a-^fi;, to suppress, /Sxsvm, mucus), L.., 
 Schleimverhaltung, f. G. : suppression of a 
 mucous discharge. In like manner, the 
 substantive terms, ISCHOCOILIE, -GALAC- 
 TIE, -LocHiE, -MfcNiE, and -PYOSIE, femi- 
 nine compounds of "ff'x.u, with *<x/, y<*.\a., 
 Xa^t/a, prim, and xvov, are employed, by 
 French pathological writers, to respective- 
 ly designate suppression oi'feces (constipa- 
 tion), Unterleibverstopfung, f. G. ; of 
 the secretion of milk, Milchverhaltung ; 
 of the lochial, and menstrual discharges, 
 Verhaltung der Kindbettreinigung, und 
 der Menstruation; and of an habitual pu- 
 rulent secretion, die Eiterverhaltung in Ge- 
 schwiiren. They may be latinized byconver- 
 sion of the final e into a, in the first five, 
 into s, in the last enumerated ; germa- 
 nized by the prefix of the feminine article, 
 die, without such conversion. 
 
 IsCHOPHONIE, S. f., i<r%o(f>ui!a, ischo- 
 
 phonia, L. : impeded utterance, the act 
 of stammering, das Stottern, G.
 
 1ST 
 
 ISCHURIE, s. f., iff^au^a, ischuria, f. 
 L., die Ischurie, Harnverhaltung, G., 
 rttention of urine. ISCHURETKIUE, adj. : 
 an epithet applied to remedies, remedia 
 isshuretica, L., which operate, according 
 to French writers, in the removal, ac- 
 cording to the German, Kraus, in the pro- 
 duction, of ischury. The latter defines 
 them to be " den Harnabgang aufhaltende 
 oder erschwerende, nicht harntreibende, 
 Mittel, wie manche missverstehen," u- 
 rine-stopping, not diuretic, remedies, as 
 many erroneously believe. 
 
 IsocHRONE,adj., <V;va?, isochronus, 
 L,., gleichzeitig, G. : taking place at the 
 same moment of lime. Les pulsations des ar- 
 teres sont isochrones dans toutes parties du 
 corps, F. ISOCHROXISME, a. m., isochro- 
 nismus, m. L., Gleichzeitigkeit, f. G., 
 isochronism : the quality of that which is 
 isochronous. 
 
 ISOLOIR, s. m. : a wooden stool, support- 
 ed by glass legs, for the isolation, ISOLE- 
 MENT, s. m., of a person about to be 
 charged with the electric fluid. 
 
 ISTHME,S. m., I<r6fi.os, isthmus, m. L., 
 Erd- oder Landzunge, f. G. : in com- 
 mon language, a neck, or tongue, of land : 
 in Anatomy, the narrow pass, Isth. de go- 
 
 1VR 
 
 sier, F., isthmus faucium, L., Rachen, 
 m. G., which divides the cavity of the 
 mouth from that of the pharynx. de 
 la Thyro'ide : the narrow band, which con- 
 nects the two principal lobes of the thy- 
 roid gland. ISTHMITE, s. f., isthmitis, 
 f. L.., Rachenbraune, f. G., inflamma- 
 tion of the fauces. 
 
 IVETTE, s. f. : in Botany, the name of 
 a species belonging to the genus, Teucri- 
 um, see GERMANDRE. The leaves of T. 
 Cham&pitys are bitter, aromatic, tonic. 
 
 IVOIRE, s. m., i\i<t>as, ebur, n. 1*, 
 Elfenbein, n. G., ivory : the osseous 
 substance of the tusk of the elephant and 
 hippopotamus, see E'LEPHANT, et HIP- 
 POPOTAME; consisting principallyof phos- 
 phate of lime : also, the substance of the 
 human tooth, interposed between the ena- 
 mel and the capsule. 
 
 IVRAIE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Loli- 
 um ( Triandria, digyn. ; Graminece), L., 
 der Lolch, G., Darnel; comprehending 
 several species, one of which, Herbe d"i- 
 vroffne, F., L. temulentum, Sommerlolch, 
 Tollkorn, Schwindelhafer, G., possesses 
 highly deleterious properties; and induces, 
 when forming an ingredient in bread, ver- 
 tigo and vomiting. 
 
 J. 
 
 JAL 
 
 JABOT, s. m., *goXos, ingluvies, f. 
 1,., Kropf, m. G., crop : in Compara- 
 tive Anatomy, a dilatation of the oesopha- 
 gus, existing in certain birds, particularly 
 the Granivori ; wherein the food under- 
 goes a process analogous to that of insali- 
 vation in the Mammifera, previously to its 
 descent into the proper organ of digestion, 
 or stomach. 
 
 JACTATION, s. f., jactatio, f. L., rest- 
 lessness, change of posture : a term appli- 
 ed, by pathological writers, to the violent 
 agitations, hertige Bewegungen, G., of 
 Chorea. 
 
 JALAP, s. m. : in Botany, a species be- 
 longing to the genus, Convolvulus, see 
 LiskRON. The tuberous root, Radix ja- 
 lapii, L., Jalappenwurzel, G., of the 
 C.jalapa, a native of Xalappa, in Mexico, 
 furnishes the well-known purgative. French 
 and German Officinal Preparations : A 
 Tincture of the root, Tinctura de Radici- 
 bus Jalapae, Ph. Gall., Jalappentinktur, 
 G. ; a Resin, Resina Jalapae.Jalappen- 
 harz. French : a Tincture of the Resin, 
 Tinct. de Resina Jalapae : and German, an 
 Extract, Soap, and Tincture of the Soap, 
 Jalappen-Extract ; -Seise ; und -Seisen- 
 tinktur. JALAPPINE, s. f., jalappina, f. 
 L. : an extract of the root, Racine de jalap, 
 F., regarded, byHume,asa salitiable basis. 
 
 345 
 
 JAM 
 
 JAMBE, s. , xvnpv, trxi^m, crus, cru- 
 ris, n. L., Bein, n. G., leg or shank : in 
 Anatomy, that portion of the pelvic extre- 
 mity of the Vertebrata, especially Man, 
 and the Quadrumana, which extends from 
 knee to foot. It is composed of three 
 bones, tibia, fibula, patella, aud numerous 
 muscles, see JAMBIER : in the Solipeda, 
 and Ruminantia, the division of the limb 
 intervening between the knee, or hough, 
 and the hoof, and including the metacar- 
 pal, or metatarsal, and phalangian regions ; 
 and even, in common parlance, the whole 
 limb, PATTE, pectoral or pelvic. In 
 the Crustacea, the fourth piece of the sim- 
 ple leg : in Insects, the third, named, also, 
 tibia or shank. 
 
 JAMMER, s. m., and adj., tibittus, tibi- 
 alis, L., tibial : an epithet employed, in 
 Anatomy, to designate parts, or organs, 
 connected with the leg or tibia : as 1. a 
 Fascia, Aponivrose jambiere, F., sur- 
 rounding the muscles of the leg; and con- 
 tinuous, above, with the femoral , below, 
 with the anterior annular ligament of the 
 tarsus. 2. Muscles, M. jambiers, F., 
 musculi tibiales, L., Unterschenkelmus- 
 keln, G. : of which A., the anterior, Jamb, 
 anterieur ( tibio-sus-tarsien, Ch.), F., 
 Tibialis anticus, L., vorderer Schienbein- 
 muskel, G., extends from the anterior
 
 JAU 
 
 surface of the head of the tibia, and inter- 
 osseous ligament, to the internal cunei- 
 form , and base of the first metatarsal 
 bone. B. the posterior, J. posterieur ( 
 tibio-sous-tarsien, Ch.), Tibialis posticus, 
 hinterer Schienbeinrnuskel ; from the 
 posterior surfaces of the head of the tibia 
 and fibula, and interosseous ligament, to 
 the upper and inner part of the scaphoid 
 and adjacent tarsal bones, c. the slender, 
 J. ffrele, ou PLANTAIRE (Petit femoro- 
 calcanien, Ch.), Plantaris, die langge- 
 schwanzter Muskel, from the posterior 
 part of the external femoral condyle, to the 
 os calcis on the inner side of tendo Achillis. 
 
 JACIUIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Artocarpus (Afonoecia, monandr. ; Urticeai), 
 L., der Brodbaum, G., Albero di pane, 
 It., Breadfruit Tree; comprizing two 
 species. One of these, Arbre a pain, F., 
 A. incisa, a native of the South-sea and 
 Molucca islands, is remarkable for the 
 size and alimentary properties of its fari- 
 naceous fruit. See Forster, Characteres 
 Gener. Plantarum, 4to. London, 1776. 
 
 JARRET, s. m., iyxuK* : the posterior 
 part of the knee-joint, poples, m. L.,_. 
 ham : hence synon. with Popliteal region 
 in Man and the Quadrumana : the hough, 
 or hock, die Kniekehle, G., of the pel- 
 vic extremity in the Solipeda, and Rumi- 
 nantia. JARBETIER, s. m., and adj. : a 
 term applied, by Winslow, to the popli- 
 teal muscle, see POPLITE. JARRETIERE, 
 s. f. : hi Pathology, an herpetic eruption, 
 Dartrefurfuracee, which encompasses the 
 ham, like a garter. 
 
 jATROPHATEjS.m., jatrophas, n.L.: in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, jatropha- 
 saure Salze, G., resulting from combi- 
 nation of an acid, Acide jatrophique, F., 
 since termed crotonic, see CROTONATE, 
 Jatrophasaure, G., which exists in 
 the seeds of Jatropha curcas, with salifia- 
 ble bases. 
 
 jAUNE,adj., |v0as, flavus, luteus, L., 
 gelb, G., yellow, one of the seven co- 
 lours of the solar spectrum : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Anatomy, and Pathology, to de- 
 signate certain organs, and diseases, from 
 the colour by which they are characterized : 
 as, 1. a body, CORPS jaune, existing in 
 the ovary : 2. Ligaments, L. jaunes, F., 
 die gelblichen Bander, G., connecting 
 the bodies of the vertebrae, from the in- 
 space of the 2nd and 3rd cervical , 
 to that of the last dorsal, and sacrum : 
 3. a round yellow spot, Tache jaune de 
 
 Soemmerinq, macula flava, der gelbe 
 
 Fleck, which, perforated by a central 
 orifice, exists on the retina, about two 
 lines from the optic nerve : and, 4. an in- 
 fectious fever, of the t3 r phoid type, Fievre 
 jaune, F., das gelbe Fieber, G., see Ic- 
 T ERODE, peculiar to America. J. d'ceuf, 
 
 346 
 
 JUG 
 
 F., vitellus, m. L., das Gelbe im Ey, 
 Dotter, m. G., the yolk of an egg. 
 
 JAUNISSE, s. f., Gelbsucht, f. G., 
 jaundice. See ICTERE. 
 
 JEJUNUM, s. m., n. L. : in Anatomy, 
 the name of that portion of the small in- 
 testine, wffTif, Leerdarm, n. G., which 
 is situated between the duodenum and 
 ileum : and so termed from being found 
 empty, jejunus,!*,. , leer,G. , after death. 
 
 JOUBARBE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Sempervivum (Dodecandrla, dodecagyn. ; 
 Crassulacea ), L., die Hauswurz, G., 
 Houseleek. The common European spe- 
 cies, J. des toites, S- tectorum, possesses 
 cooling and anodyne properties. 
 
 JOUE, s. f., yiws, gena, f. L., Bak- 
 ke, m. G., cheek : in Anatomy and Zo- 
 ology, that portion of the visage which 
 forms the lateral paries of the mouth, and 
 on which the beard, ro yimon, grows in 
 Man : in the lower Mammifera, the region 
 comprized between the nose, mouth, and 
 ear; in Birds, between the root of the 
 beak, frons, and eye : in Trilobites, the late- 
 ral part of the shield, le Bouclier, F. : in 
 Insects, the portion of the head situated, on 
 each side, between the mandible and eye. 
 
 JOUR, s. m., Yif/.itx,, dies, m. L., Tag, 
 m. G., day : in ordinary language, the 
 period which elapses from sunrise to sun- 
 set : in Astronomy, that of one entire re- 
 volution of the earth upon its axis : the 
 former, termed the natural ; the latter, 
 the astronomical day, Jour naturel, et as- 
 tronomique, F. The doctrine of critical 
 days, see CRISE, in the observation, and 
 treatment, of diseases, has well-nigh fall- 
 en into neglect with modern Physicians. 
 JOURNAL, s. m., F., G., and E. : literally a 
 day-book, see DIAIRE; butnow employed, 
 in common, and even scientific language, 
 to designate monthly, and quarterly, pro- 
 ductions in literature ; as the Journal der 
 pratischen Heilkunde, of Hufeland ; and the 
 Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal. 
 
 JuGAL,adj., jugalis.L. See MALAIRE. 
 
 JUGO-MAXILLAIHE, adj., jugo-maxil- 
 laris, L. : an epithet applied, by some 
 Anatomists, to the MASSETER muscle. 
 
 JUGULAIRE, s. f., and adj., relating to 
 the throat, jugulum, n. L., Gurgel, m., 
 Kehl, f. G. : an epithet employed, in An- 
 atomy, to designate two veins, the exter- 
 nal and internal jugular, Veine jugulaire 
 externe, et interne, F. ( Trache'lo-sous- 
 cutane'e, et ce'phalique, Ch.), vena jugu- 
 laris externa, et interna, L., die aussere, 
 und innere Kehlvene, G. ; the first, form- 
 ed by the internal maxillary, superficial 
 temporal, and posterior auricular, and de- 
 scending along the neck, to terminate in 
 the subdavian,exteriorly tothe/fls/; which, 
 more large and deeply-seated, passes from, 
 2, the Jugular fossa, Fosse jugulaire, F.,
 
 JUM 
 
 Kehlgrubc, G ?, formed by the petrous 
 portion of the temporal, and the occipital 
 bone, receives the blood from the lateral 
 sinus, and divers smaller veins ; and 
 pours it into the subclavian. The jugular 
 o<cA,and orifice, of British, Incisura jugu- 
 laris, et foramen jugulare, vel lacerum 
 posterius,L., are der .fftfA/ausschnitt, und 
 das-KeMoch,of'GerwMmanatomists; the lat- 
 ter, F Hiatus occipito-petreux, of the French. 
 JUGULAIRES, p\.,Jugulares : a term ap- 
 plied, by Linnaeus, to an Order of osseous 
 Fishes; comprehending those genera, in 
 which, as in the Gadidee, the ventral fins, 
 Membres pelviens, F., are placed ante- 
 riorly to the pectoral. 
 
 JULEP, s. m., julapium, n. L. : a term, 
 derived from the Persian, or Arabic, sig- 
 nifying mild beverage ; and employed, in 
 Pharmacy, to designate soothing, acidu- 
 lated, or mucilaginous potions, as the Ace- 
 tated Camphor- and the Rose- Julep, der 
 Kampheressig- und Rosen- Julep, of Ger- 
 man Pharmacology. 
 
 JUMEAU, s. m., and adj., gemellus, ge- 
 minus, li., S/Su^aj, Z willing, m. G. : a 
 term used, in popular language, to desig- 
 nate two animals produced at a birth : in 
 Anatomy, certain muscles disposed in pairs, 
 and blood-vessels, and nerves, distributed to 
 them. Of the first, there are, A. the dou- 
 ble-bellied femoral muscle, Jumeanx de la 
 cuisse (M. ischio-trochanterien,Ch.), F., 
 Gemini, L., described, by the Germans, as 
 two distinct muscles : a. the superior, 
 oberer ZwiUingrsmuskel, geminus supe- 
 rior, L., arising from the spine, and, b. 
 the inferior, unterer, g. inferior, from 
 the tuber, of the ischium : and inserted, 
 together, into the cavity at the root of 
 the Trochanter major : and, B. a similarly 
 constructed muscle of the leg, Jumeanx 
 de la jamle (M. bifemoro-calcanien, Ch.), 
 F., Gastrocnemius externus, vel gemel- 
 lus, L., ausserer zweiko'pfiger Waden- 
 muskel, G. ; the external and internal 
 fleshy masses, of which it is composed, at- 
 tached to the corresponding femoral con- 
 dyles, and inserted, with the Soleus, by a 
 common tendon, tendo Achillis, into 
 the posterior part of the os calcis. Of the 
 second, the arteries and veins, Arteres, et 
 
 JUX 
 
 veines, gemclles, F., are branches of, or 
 terminate in, the corresponding popliteal 
 vessels; and the nerves, Nerfsjumeaux, 
 twigs of the tibial branch of the popliteal. 
 They are all distributed on the Gastroc- 
 nemius muscle. 
 
 JUMENT, s. f., (Wj, equa, L., 
 Stute, f., Mutterpferd, n. G., mare : the 
 female of the horse. 
 
 JURISPRUDENCE Medicale, Jurispru- 
 
 dentia medicalis,L., die Medicinische Ju- 
 risprudenz, G. : a term sometimes errone- 
 ously employed as synon. with Forensic 
 Medicine ; but now generally restricted 
 to signify, or express, a knowledge of the 
 laws, and regulations, relative to medical 
 education and practice. 
 
 Jus, s. m., x,"*-s> succus, m. L,, 
 Saft, m. G. : the juice of animal or vegeta- 
 ble substances, extracted by pressure, and 
 concentrated, or not, by evaporation : as 
 J. de viande, animal broth, highly concen- 
 trated ; de regllsse, extract of liquorice, 
 see GLYCIRRHIZE, evaporated to dry- 
 ness ; des herbes, the juice of vegeta- 
 bles, simply expressed. 
 
 JUSQ.UIAME, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Hyoscyamus (Pentandria, monogyn. ; Sola- 
 nece), L., das Bilsenkraut,G., Henbane ; 
 comprizing many species, of which the 
 common European, J. noire, H. niger, 
 a voffxvaftos, literally, hog's-bean, is em- 
 ployed, as a narcotic, both externally and 
 internally. Poisonous, in large doses. The 
 effluvia of the fresh plant are highly noxi- 
 ous. French and German Officinal Prepa- 
 rations : an Extract, and an Oil by infusion, 
 Extractum Hyoscyami, Ph. Gall., Bil- 
 senkraut-Extract ; Oleum Hyoscyami In- 
 fusum Aufgegossenes Bilsenkrautol. Ger- 
 man: a Tincture, Plaster, Ointment,and Ex- 
 pressed Oil of the Seeds, Bilsenkraut- Tink- 
 tur, -Prlaster, -Salbe, und Bilsensamenol. 
 
 JUXTAPOSITION, s. f., juxta-positio, f. 
 L., Nebereinanderstellung, f. G. : a term 
 signifying application to the exterior ; hence 
 opposed, in Natural History, to INTUS- 
 SUSCEPTION. Accroissement par : a mode 
 of increase, peculiar to minerals. It con- 
 sists in the successive application of new 
 molecules upon those which constitute the 
 primitive nucleus of a body. 
 
 K. 
 
 KAN 
 
 KAIEPUT. See CAJEPUT. 
 
 KANGUROO, s. m. : in Zoology, a genus 
 of Marsupial Mammifera, Halmaturus,L., 
 das Kanguruh, G. ; one species of which, 
 le Kang. geant, H. giganteus, formerly 
 Didelphis giganteus, Linn., a native of 
 New Holland, is remarkable for its large 
 tail, and disproportionate length of pelvic 
 limbs. Flesh, like that of deer. 
 
 347 
 
 KER 
 
 KELOTOMIE. See CELOTOMIE. 
 
 KKRAJ-IASE, s. f., keratiasis, f.(*^j, a 
 horn), L., and G. : a horn-like excrescence, 
 developed on the temple or forehead. 
 
 KERATOGLOSSE. See CERATOGLOSSE. 
 
 KERATOME. See CEHATOME, and CY- 
 
 CtOTOME. 
 
 pierce), F., L., and G. : Perforation of the
 
 KIO 
 
 cornea, in the operation for cataract by de- 
 pression, die Durchstechung der Kornhaut 
 zur Depression des Katarakt, G. 
 
 KERMES, s. m. : in Entomology, a spe- 
 cies of Coccus, see COCHINELLE. This 
 insect, C. ilicis, inhabits an oak, hence 
 called Quercus coccifer, growing in South 
 Europe. The female is apterous ; and im- 
 parts to silk and wool a bright-scarlet dye. 
 The animal Kermes, as it is popularly de- 
 signated, was once reputed to possess aphro- 
 sidiac and analeptic properties. The mi- 
 neral Kermes is the hydro-sulphuret of 
 Antimony. 
 
 KIASTRE, s. m, kiaster, m.(%iagu, to 
 cross, like the Greek %), L. : a bandage, of 
 such figure, employed by the ancients. 
 
 KILOGRAMME, s. m. : the weight of one 
 thousand xfaioi grammes, seeGRAMME. 
 KILOLITRE, s. m. : a measure, containing 
 one thousand litres, see LITRE. 
 
 KlNA. KlNAKINA. KlNKIVA, SeC 
 
 QUINQUINA. KININE, See QUININE. 
 
 KINO, s. m., gummi-kino, L., Kino- 
 Harz, Kino-Gummi, G. : in Materia Me- 
 dica, a resin, or gum-rexin, obtained from 
 divers African and Indian plants, as Plc- 
 rocarpus erinacea, Eucalyptus resinifera,Bu- 
 tea frondosa, and Nauclea gamier. Com- 
 posed almost wholly of tannin, it operates 
 on the living tissues, as an astringent and 
 tonic. Ferri sulfatem et tartratem potas- 
 sse stibiatum, nee non gelatinam, in chy- 
 micis experimentis prsecipitat, Ph. Gall. 
 German Officinal Preparat : a Tincture, 
 Kino-tinktur. 
 
 KIOTOME,S. m., Coupe-bride, kiotomus, 
 m. (xiav, a pillar, ra^ri, incision), L., Ki- 
 
 KYS 
 
 otom, m. G. ?: an instrument, invented 
 by Dessault, for division of membranous 
 bands, in the rectum and bladder ; and af- 
 terwards employed, by him, in excision of 
 the amygdalae. 
 
 KLOPEMANIE, s. f., klopemania, f. (xXa- 
 , theft, paiiia, madness), L., Stehl- 
 sucht, f. G. : an irresistible propensity to 
 steal; often exhibited by persons of other- 
 wise irreproachable character, and only 
 explicable on phrenological principles. 
 
 KRAMERATE, s. m., krameras, n. L. : 
 a genus of salts, kramersaure Salze, G., 
 resulting from combination of an acid, 
 Acide kramerique, F., Kramersaure, G., 
 which exists in the root of Krameria trian- 
 dria, RHATANIE, with salifiable bases. 
 
 KYSTE, s. m., kystus, m. (*iW, a 
 bladder or vesicle), L., cyst : in Patholo- 
 gical Anatomy, a serous membrane, adven- 
 titiously developed in the interior of the 
 animal organs, under the influence, direct 
 or indirect, of the inflammatory process ; 
 and forming, like the primitive serous 
 structures, a perfect sac, which contains 
 fluid, of variable character and composi- 
 tion. The origin, and mode of develop- 
 ment, of cysts, are veiled in deep obscuri- 
 ty. They ordinarily form the tumour, 
 termed LOUPE. K. hydatique, F., a cyst 
 containing hydatids. KYSTIQUE, adj., 
 kysticus, L. : relating to a cyst. 
 
 KYSTHITE, s.f., cysthitis, f. (x,v<r(o;, pu- 
 dendum muliebreJ,Li. : dieEntziindungder 
 aussern weibl. Schaamlheile, oder der Mut- 
 terscheide, G. KYSTHOPTOSE, s. f., cysth- 
 optosis, f. (same, and <x<ruffis, prolapsus.), 
 L. : Chute, ou Renversement, du vaain, F. 
 
 L. 
 
 LAB 
 
 LAUDANUM. See LADANUM. 
 
 LABIAL, adj., labialis, belonging to 
 the lips, labia, L., die Lippen, G. : an 
 epithet employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate, 1. certain muscles, M. labiales, F., 
 seeORBicuLAiRE; 2. an Artery, and Veins, 
 Artere labiale, Lipperaschlagader, G., 
 et Veines labiales, see CORONAIRES; and, 
 3. Glands, Glandes, glandulse labiales, 
 F.,et L.,die Z<i/>/>ewdrusen,G., mucipa- 
 rous follicles, of rounded figure, projecting 
 beneath the membrane of the internal sur- 
 face of the lips : in Zoology, the minute, 
 articulated, and mobile organs, Palpes 
 labiaux, F., palpi labiales, L., die Lip- 
 pewfuhlspitzen, G. ? attached to the la- 
 brum, see LA HUE, of divers Insects. In 
 Grammar, the consonants, labials, die 
 ,//>penbuchstaben, articulated by the lips, 
 mit den Lippen ausgesprochen, G. 
 
 LABIE, adj., labiatus, L., lippig, G. : 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to plants, 
 
 348 
 
 LAB 
 
 the limbus of whose corolla is divided into 
 two lips, or labiated. LABIEES, pi., Labi- 
 ates, L. : an Order, or Natural Family, of 
 plants so characterized. The species of 
 nearly all the genera composing it, impreg- 
 nated, like Mentha and Thymiis, with cam- 
 phor and volatile oil, are aromatic and 
 excitant. 
 
 LABORATOIRE, s. m., Laboratorium, n. 
 L., and G-, 'fy^enrr^iav, laboratory: a 
 room, or building, for the elaboration of 
 pharmaceutical and chemical articles or 
 preparations. 
 
 LABRE, s. m. : a term applied, in Zoo- 
 logy, 1. to the upper lip, iibrum, n. L., 
 Leze, Oberlippe, f. G., of the Mammife- 
 ra ; 2. to one of the pieces of the mouth, 
 constituting that organ, in Insects ; and, 3. 
 to the external border of the orifice of 
 univalve shells. In Ichthyology, a genus 
 of Osseous Fishes, Labrus, belonging to 
 the Order, Acanthopterygii, and constitut-
 
 LAC 
 
 Ing the type of the Family of the LA- 
 BROIDES, Labroidei, L., Cuv. All the 
 species, many of them edible, inhabit 
 the ocean. 
 
 LABYRINTHE, s. m., ^aSv^a;, laby- 
 rinthus, m. L.. Labyrinth, G., and E. : a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, to the assem- 
 blage or parts which constitute the inter- 
 nal ear. It consists of several cavities; 
 for an account of which see VESTIBULE, 
 LiMAON, and CANAL. LABYRINTHIQUE, 
 adj., ^aSvgiMHtts, labyrinthicus,L., la- 
 byrinthic : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the auditory nerve, Nerf Audit if, 
 see ACOUSTIQUE ; as distributed on the 
 cavities which form the labyrinth. 
 
 LACERATION, s. f., laceratio, f. L., 
 <rira,a.'yf*.os, Zerreissung, f. G. LACERE, 
 adj., laceratus, lacerus, L., zerreissen, 
 G-, lacerated, torn : an epithet employ- 
 ed, in Botany, to designate plants, whose 
 parts, or organs, as the leaves of Pelargoni- 
 um lacerum, exhibit irregular slits or divi- 
 sions. For an account of the foramina la- 
 cera of Latin anatomists, see OCCIPITO-PE- 
 TBEUX, et SPHENO-MAXILLAIRE. 
 
 LACERTIENS, s. m., and adj., pi., Lacer- 
 tie, L., die Eideschen, G. : in Erpetolo- 
 gy, a Family of Saurian Reptiles ; having, 
 tor type, the genus, Lacerta. 
 
 LACINIE, adj., laciniatus, L., zipfe- 
 lig, geschlitzt, G. ; cut, on the border, into 
 narrow and irregular strips, LACINIURES, 
 s. f., pi., Einschnitte, Fetzen, G. ; as, in 
 Botany, the leaf of Chelidonium laciniatum, 
 and the petal of Trichosanthes laciniosa. LA- 
 CINIFOLIE, adj., lacinifolius,L., schlitz- 
 blattrig, G. : an epithet applied to plants, 
 which are furnished with laciniated leaves. 
 LACIS, s. m., reticulum, n. L., Netz- 
 werk, n., netzformige Gewebe, G., net- 
 work. L. nerveux ou vasculaire, a net- 
 work of nerves or blood-vessels. 
 
 LACRYMAL, adj., lacrymalis, L. : an 
 epithet employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate, 1. an apparatus of organs, or their 
 parts, which are destined to secrete, or 
 carry off', the tears, lacrymte, L. : 2. the 
 bones, or cavities, wherein they are lodg- 
 ed ; and, 3. the blood-vessels, and nerves, 
 distributed to them. 
 
 1. The lacrymal passages, Voies , 
 vise lacrymales,F '., et L., Thr'dnendurcb- 
 gange, G., a term applied to the whole 
 assemblage which comprehends, a. the 
 proper secretory organ of the tears, Glande 
 lacrymale, F., glandula lacrymalis vel in. 
 nominata, L., Thranendruse, G. ; b. the 
 lacrymal caruncles, see CARONCULE ; c. 
 the minute Orifices, Points lacrymaux, 
 puncta lacrymalia, die TAraraenpunkte, 
 opening on each caruncle, and forming the 
 commencement of, d., the lacrymal ducts, 
 Conduits lacrymaux, ductus lacrymales, 
 which, distinguished into a superior and 
 
 349 
 
 LAC 
 
 inferior, oberes und unteres Thr'dnenk&- 
 nalchen, G, convey the tears to, e. a 
 membranous receptacle, Sac lacrymal, sac- 
 cus lacrymalis, TAraraen*ack,__lodged in 
 the nasal angle of the orbit ; from whence 
 they are transmitted by, f. a large duct 
 Canal lacrymal, ou nasal, ductus nasalis, 
 Tkranenkanal, oder der Nasenstuck des 
 TAraHenableiters, into thenasalfossse. 2., 
 a. the pit, or depression, fossa glandulae 
 lacrymalis, L, Grube der Thr'dnenAruse, 
 G., in the orbitar surface of the orbitar 
 plate of the osfrontis, receiving the lacry- 
 mal gland ; b. an orbitar bone, Os lacry- 
 mal, F., , lucrymate, vel unguis, L., 
 Thr'dnenbein, G. ; in a groove of which, c. 
 Goultiere lacrymale, sulcus sacci lacry- 
 malis, TAranensackfurche, separated 
 
 from the orbitar portion or surface, Au- 
 genhb'hlenflache, G., of the bone by, d. a 
 
 ridge, crista lacrymalis, Thr'dnenbein- 
 
 leiste, is lodged the lacrymal sac. 3., a. 
 an Artery Artere lacrymale,^?., Thr'dnen- 
 drlisenarterie, G., supplied by the oph- 
 thalmic, and distributed on the lacrymal 
 sac ; b. corresponding veins, venae lacry- 
 males, TAranendrusenvenen, which pour 
 their blood into the ophthalmic and pal- 
 pebral ; and, c. a nerve, Nerf lacrymal, 
 nervus lacrymalis, the smaller of the 
 three branches formed by the ophthalmic, 
 and especially distributed on the lacrymal 
 gland, and superior eye-lid. 
 
 In Surgical Pathology, a soft and indo- 
 lent tumour, Tumeur lacrymale,^., situ- 
 ated below the nasal angle of the eve, and 
 resulting from dilatation of the lacrymal 
 sac. See, also, FISTULE; and DACRYCYST- 
 ALGIE, and the succeeding Articles. 
 
 LACTATE, s. m., lactas, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, m//cAsaure Salze, 
 G., resulting from combination of an acid, 
 Acide lactiquc,F. acidum laclicum,^., 
 Afi/cAsaure, G., which exists in milk, 
 with salifiable bases. 
 
 LACTATION, s. f. See ALLAITEMENT. 
 LACTE, adj., lacteus, L., ya.Xa.xnxo;, 
 <ya,Xa,x<ru$yii, milchig, G. : an epithet em- 
 ployed to designate whatever consists of, 
 results from, or in aspect resembles, milk, 
 lac, laclis, L. : as, in Therapeutics, a 
 mitt-diet, see DIETE : in Pathology, milk- 
 fever, Fievre lactte ou laileuse, Milch- 
 fieber,G.; and, also, a cutaneous affection, 
 CROUTE lactce : in Botany, a plant of the 
 genus, Ruellia, R. lactea. The chyliferous 
 vessels are, also, from the milk-like colour 
 of the fluid which they convey, termed, by 
 Anatomists, lacteal, Vaisseaux lactes, F., 
 
 .Af/Mgelasse, G. LACTESCENT, adj., 
 
 milchartig, milchgebend, G. : resembling 
 milk, or yielding a milky fluid. 
 
 LACTIFERE, adj., lactiferus, L., y - 
 XxxreQogos, lactiferous : transmitting, or 
 containing, milk, mtVcAfuhrend oder -ent-
 
 haltend, G. : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the vessels, or excretory ducts, of 
 the mammary gland : in Botany, to plants 
 which, as Lactuca, and Papaver, abound in 
 a milky juice. 
 
 LACTiPHAGE,and LACTIPOTE,S. m.,and 
 adj. : barbarous compounds of the Latin, 
 lac, lactis, milk, with the Greek, tftiyu, and 
 virus ; and employed, by the ignorant, as 
 synonyms of GALACTOPHAGE, and GA- 
 
 LACTOPOTE. 
 
 L.ACTucARiUM,s.tn., n.L. SeeLAiTUE. 
 
 LACTUCEES, s. f. pi., Lactuceae, L. : in 
 Botany, a Tribe of the Family of the Chi- 
 coreee; having, for type, the genus, Lactuca. 
 
 LACUNE, s. f., lacuna, f. L. : a term, 
 in Anatomy, commonly employed as sy non. 
 with CRYPTE. Some lacuna;, as those of 
 the vagina, die Grubchen'm der Mutter- 
 scheide, G., rectum, and urethra, are 
 merely orifices of mucous crypts. L. de 
 la langue: the designation applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Foramen caecum, see A- 
 VEUGLE, ofthe tongue. In Botany, cavi- 
 ties, die Likken,G., filled with air, exist- 
 ing in the cellular tissue of aquatic plants. 
 
 LACUSTRAL. LiAcusTRE, adj. : an epi- 
 thet employed specifically to designate ani- 
 mals, ana. plants ; which, as Ancylus , and 
 Littorella lacustris, inhabit the waters, or 
 shores, of a lake. 
 
 LADANTTM, ou LABDANUM, s. m., n. 
 L., Xjj'Savov, Labdanharz, G. : an odori- 
 ferous gum-resin, the product of divers spe- 
 cies of Cistus, especially C. creticus, o titfos, 
 see CISTE. 
 
 LADRERIE, s. f. : 1. a vulgar designation 
 of Lepra Araborum, Aussatz, G., see 
 E'LEPHANTIASE ; 2. a hospital, domus 
 leprosorum, L., for the reception of the 
 leprous, Ladres, F. ; and, 3. a disease in 
 swine, resulting from the presence of an 
 hydatid. 
 
 LAGOCHILE, s. m., lagochilus, m. (x- 
 yw;, a hare, ;f<X-aj, a lip), L., hare-lip, 
 see BEC. LAGOPHTHALMIE,S. f., lagoph- 
 thalmia, f. (same, and otpfa^pos, the eye), 
 L., Hasenauge, n. G., hare-eye : an 
 unnatural contraction of the upper eye-lid, 
 whereby the organ is prevented from co- 
 vering the eye-ball during sleep. LAGO- 
 STOME, s. m., lagostoma, n. (same, and 
 <rra^a, a mouth), L. : synon. with LAGO- 
 CHILE. LAGOGRAPHIE, s. f., lagographia, 
 f. (same, and ygaipa>,to describe),L. : the title 
 of two works published, in the 17th cen- 
 tury, by Waldung, and Paullini,onthej?7ts- 
 tory of the Hare. 
 
 LAGOPE, adj. (same, and !m,afoot) : an 
 epithet applied, in Zoology, to animals 
 which, as the Ptarmigan, Tetrao lagopus, 
 (Lagopus mutus, of modern Ornithology ) , 
 ^ayuxovi, die hasenfussige Waldhuhn, 
 G., have the legs clothed with down, like 
 those of the hare. 
 
 350 
 
 LAI 
 
 LAINE,S. f., lana, f. L., i^m, Woll, 
 f. G., wool: in Zoology, the long, thick 
 covering of the bodies of certain Mammi- 
 fera, as the sheep : in Botany, the down, 
 DUVET, which invests some plants, as 
 Verbascum thapsus. LANIEUX, adj., lana- 
 tus, lanosus, lyubvs , woolig, wooly : co- 
 vered with wool, or thick down. 
 
 LAIT, s. m., lac, n.L., yaXa, Milch, 
 n. G., milk : in Physiology, and Animal 
 Chemistry, the opaque and saccharine fluid, 
 secreted by the mammary gland of the fe- 
 male Mammifera. Milk, left to itself, spon- 
 taneously separates into three parts, the 
 cream, see CREME ; caseous principle, see 
 CASEUM; and whey, PETIT-LAIT. The 
 principal varieties, employed in diet and 
 domestic economy, are the milk of the ass, 
 sheep, goat, of woman, the mare, and cow. 
 The 1st, L. d'&nesse, see ANE, re- 
 sembles human milk in taste, odour, and 
 consistence ; but contains less cream, and 
 more of the caseous principle. The 2nd, 
 de brebis, F., lac ovinum, L., Schaf- 
 milch, G., yields more cream than the 
 cow's ; but the butter is softer, and the 
 caseum more fat and viscid. The Roch- 
 fort cheese is made of it. The 3rd, de 
 Chevre, lac caprinum, L., resembles that 
 of the cow, with greater solidity of the 
 butter. 4th, deFemme, lac humanum, 
 FrauenmtM, contains more sugar of 
 milk, Sucre de lait, G., and cream, but 
 less caseum, than the cow'?. The 5th, 
 de Jument, lac equinum, yields but a 
 small quantity of fluid buttery matter, a 
 softer caseum, and more whey, than that 
 of, 6th, de Vache, lac vaccinum, Kuh- 
 milch. The crop of the male pigeon, also, 
 secretes, at certain periods, a milk-like fluid 
 destined for the nurture of the nestlings. 
 Lait cailie, see CATLLE-LAIT, L. ecreme, 
 F., lac flore denudatum, L., die abge- 
 rahmte Milch, G., skim-milk. DENT dc 
 lait, milk-tooth. Soupe au lait, -jusculum 
 lactis, Milchsuppe, wn'/fc-porridge. 
 
 In Botany, the term, milk, is applied to 
 the emulsive fluid which exudes from di- 
 vers plants : as those of the families ofthe 
 EuphorbiacecB, Lactucea, and Papaveracecc. 
 These vegetable milks, Laits vegitales, F., 
 are, for the most part, resins, or gum- 
 resins, held in suspension, by water. Some, 
 even, as those of Carica papaya, and Ga- 
 lactoilendron, approach,in their composition, 
 the animal milks. 
 
 In Pharmacy, various preparations, here- 
 tofore, received, from their consistence or 
 colour, the name of milk ; as milk of al- 
 monds, see EMULSION ; of ammoniacum, 
 L. ammoniacal, F., lac ammoniaci, L., 
 Ammoniaks-MtfcA, G. ; of sulphur, L. 
 de soufre,lac sulphuris, Schwefelww'M, 
 LAITAGE, s. f., lacticinium, n. L., 
 MiVcAspeise, f., milk-food,
 
 LAM 
 
 LAITANCE, LATTE de poisson, a. f., 
 piscis pulpa lactea, L., Fischmilch, G: 
 the soft roe, or testis, of the male fish. 
 
 LAITEUX,adj., lacteUS.L., ya^axrixos, 
 
 milchig, G., milky : an epithet applied, 
 in Botany, to plants, which yield a milky 
 
 juice, see LAIT : in Pathology, to internal 
 
 diseases, Maladies laiteuses,F ., resulting 
 from metastasis of the mammary secretion , 
 or to external affections, LACTE, exhibit- 
 ing an imaginary resemblance to milk, 
 
 LAITUE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Lac- 
 tuca (Syngenesia, Poly gam. (equal- ; Chico- 
 racecs), L., now the type of a new Fami- 
 ly, see LACTUCEES, -der Salat,G., Let- 
 tuce ; comprizing many species. Of these, 
 1. the Garden-lettuce, L. cultivee, L. sa- 
 
 tiva, fy^uKivn, der Gartensalat, G., 
 
 is a grateful and sedative esculent; and 
 yields an Extract, LACTTJCARIUM, s. m., 
 n. L., recommended, by Dr. Duncan, 
 see Observations on Pulmonary Consumption, 
 as a substitute for opium : and, 2. the 
 wild, L. sauvage, L. virosa, lg/2! a- 
 yg/, Giftlattig, Giftsallat, G., is said to 
 be powerfully diuretic and diaphoretic. An 
 Extract, and Tincture, Giftlattig Extract, 
 und -Tinktur, are prepared, from it, by 
 the Germans. 
 
 LAMBDACISME, s. m., *.tt(tG$axifftos, 
 lambdacismus, m. L., Lambdakismus, m. 
 G. : vicious pronunciation of the letter, 
 L., Lambda, of the Greek alphabet. 
 
 LAMBDOIDAL, LAMBDO1DE, adj., Xa/ttg- 
 
 2o/Sjj, : lambdoides,L., lambdafb'rmig.G., 
 lambdoid : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate, from its resemblance, 
 in figure, to the Greek A, the suture, S. 
 lambddide, F., sutura lambdoidea, L., die 
 \-formige Naht, G., which unites the oc- 
 cipital and parietal bones : the occipito-pa- 
 rietal suture, of the more precise language 
 of modern Anatomy. 
 
 LAMBEAU, s. m., Fleischlappen, m. G., 
 a flap of flesh. Flap-wounds, Plaies a 
 lambeau, F. The /fop-operation, see AM- 
 PUTATION. 
 
 LAME, s. f., lamina, f. L., trsraXav, 
 Platte, f. G. : a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to the thin and flattened portion of a bone, as 
 the cribriform plate, la Lame criblee, F., 
 lamina cribrosa, L., Siebplattc, G., of 
 the ethmoid ; and the plates, or tables, 
 L. externe, et interne, of the frontal bone : 
 in Botany, the expanded portion of an un- 
 guiculated petal, see PETAL. LAMI- 
 KEUX, adj., laminosus, L., formed of 
 small plates, or laminae : an epithet appli- 
 ed, by Chaussier, to the cellular tissue, 
 Tissu lamineux, F. 
 
 LAMELLE, s. f., lamella, f. L., Platt- 
 chen, n. G. : a term applied, in Botany, 
 to various parts, or organs, of plants ; as, 
 by Mirbel,to thepetaloid appendages which 
 spring from the throat of the corolla of 
 
 351 
 
 LAN 
 
 Rhododendron, and the interior of the tube 
 of Hydrophyllum ; by others, to the plaited 
 membrane which invests the inferior sur- 
 face of the pileus of the Agarics. LA- 
 MELLE, adj ., lamellatus, geplattelt, 
 lamellated : formed of slender plates, or la- 
 mellae; as the antenncB, Antennes lamellees, 
 F., of Melolontha. LAMELLIFORME, adj., 
 
 lamelliformis, plattchenformig, la- 
 
 melliform : disposed in lamettce. 
 
 LAMPROIE, s. f. See PETROMYZON. 
 
 LANCE de Mauriceau : an instrument 
 employed, by the celebrated Obstetrician, 
 whose name it bears, for perforation of the 
 skull of the foetus, in difficult parturition. 
 
 LANCEOLE, adj., lanceolatus, L., lan- 
 zettlich, -formig, G., lanceolated: an epi- 
 thet employed, in Zoology, and Botany, to 
 specifically designate animals, and plants, 
 whose organs, like the caudal Jin of Go- 
 bius lanceolatus, and the leaf of'Metrosi- 
 deros lanceolata, exhibit ihejigure of a lance. 
 In the latter application, syn. with LAN- 
 ciFOLiE.adj. lancifolius lanzettblattrig. 
 
 LANCETTE, s. f., lanceola, f. L., Lan- 
 zette, f. G., lancet : an instrument, com- 
 posed of a blade, LAME, and a handle, 
 CHASSE ; and employed, by Surgeons, in 
 the operation of phlebotomy. L. a abces, 
 F., an abscess-fanceJ. 
 
 LANCINANT, adj., lancinans, L., zer- 
 reissend, G., piercing, like a lance. Dou- 
 leur lancinante, F., a lancinating pain. 
 
 LANGUE, s. f., lingua, f. L., y^u/ryu., 
 <yXurrtx, Zunge, f. G., tongue : in Ana- 
 tomy, a symmetrical, muscular, and com- 
 monly moveable organ, occupying the 
 mouth of vertebrated animals, from the os 
 hyoides and epiglottis to the back of the 
 incisor teeth. Composed, principally, of 
 four pairs of muscles, see STYLO-GLOSSE, 
 LINGUAL, HYO-GLOSSE, and GENIO- 
 GLOSSE, it constitutes the organ of speech 
 and expuition, of taste, suction, mastica- 
 tion, and deglutition, in Man and the 
 higher Vertebrata : a minute, fleshy, and 
 mobile mass, situated in the interior of the 
 mouth of certain Insects : the spiral tubu- 
 lar organ of the Lepidoptera. 
 
 LANGUETTE, s. f., yXs/a-^/av, ligula, 
 f. L. : in Botany, the membranous append- 
 age, Blatthautchen, n.G., which crowns 
 the sheath of the leaf of the Graminece ; 
 and the long and narrow band, Bandbliim- 
 chen, G., which terminates the tube of the 
 corolla of certain of the Synantherete : in 
 Zoology, the second piece, Zungelchen, 
 G., 01 the labium of Insects. 
 
 LANIFEUE, adj., lanifer, L., IpoQo^os, 
 wolletragend, G., laniferous : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Zoology, to animals which 
 exhibit a fleece : and in Botany, to plants 
 which are covered by a thick wool or cotton- 
 like down. Synon. with LANIGERE, adj., 
 laniger, L., lanigerous.
 
 LAPAKOCELE, s. f'., laparocele, f. (x- 
 xa.^ a., the region of the loins, *^x, hernia), 
 L., lumbar hernia. For an instance of 
 this rare affection, see Cloquet, Recherches 
 Anatomique.s sur les Hernies de F Abdomen, 
 4to. Paris, 181719. 
 
 LAPIN, s. m. : in Zoology, a species be- 
 longing to the genus, Lepus, see LIEVRE. 
 TheyfesA of the rabbit, L. cuniculus, 
 Raninchen, n. G., especially in the wild 
 state, is a grateful, nutritious, and diges- 
 tible aliment. 
 
 LACHJE, s. f., lacca, f. L., Lack, Gum- 
 mi-lack, G., lac : in Materia Medica, a 
 concrete, red-brown, semi-transparent re- 
 sin, deposited by the Coccus lacca, Lack- 
 schildlaus, G., on the branches of certain 
 Indian plants, as Cactus ficus indica, or, ac- 
 cording to Lamarck, Erythrina monosper- 
 ma. Known, in Europe, under the diffe- 
 rent designations of stick-, seed-, and shell- 
 lac, lacca in ramis, granis, et tabulis, L., 
 Stanger-, Korner-, und Sche\l-lack, G., 
 it is employed in the preparation of 
 sealing-wax, and divers French Pharma- 
 ceutical compounds ; and is the basis of an 
 Aqueous and an Alcoholic Tincture, Was- 
 serige und Geistige Lack-tinktur, with the 
 Germans. In Chemistry, a metalic oxyde, 
 combined with a colouring matter. 
 
 LARDAck, adj.: in Pathological Anato- 
 my, the designation of a variety of carci- 
 noma, which exhibits an aspect resembling 
 that of bacon, Lard,~F., lardum, n. L. 
 
 LARGE, adj., v^arvs, latus, L., 
 breit, G., broad : an epithet employed, 
 in Anatomy, to designate parts, or organs, 
 which have a considerable transverse ex- 
 tent, relatively to their other dimensions. 
 Thus, the frontal and parietal are termed 
 broad bones, Os larges, F., in opposition 
 to the brachial and femoral, which are 
 long. La bande large, F., fascia lata, 
 see FASCIA ; Muscle tres large du dos, 
 Latissimus dorsi ; and Liyamens larges de la 
 matrice, ligamenta lata uteri, die breiten 
 Mutterbander, G., constitute other ex- 
 amples of the application of this epithet. 
 
 LARME, s. f., lacryma, f. L., Suxgvo-j, 
 Thrane, f. G., tear : in Physiology, the 
 colourless and saline fluid, secreted by the 
 lacrymal gland : in Pharmacy, the minute 
 rounded and transparent mass of a resin, 
 or gum-resin. LARMOIEMENT, s. m., 
 lacrymatio, f. L. : flow of tears over the 
 cheek from profuse secretion, or from ob- 
 struction of the lacrymal passages. See 
 EPIPHORA. 
 
 LARMIER, s. m. : in Comparative Ana- 
 tomy, a membranous sac, which secretes a 
 thick, blackish, and unctuous fluid ; situ- 
 ated in an infra orbitary depression of the 
 maxillary bone, and opening on the exte- 
 rior, by a longitudinal cleft, in some spe- 
 cies of Cerims, and Antilope, 
 
 352 
 
 LARVE, s. f., larva, f. L., v vup$n . in 
 Zoology, a term applied to an Insect in the 
 first stage of its existence after evolution 
 from the ovum. The larvae, die Larven, 
 G., of the Lepidoptera are alone termed 
 caterpillars, see CHENILLE. Also, by a- 
 nalogy, the young of the Batrachia, see 
 TETARD, during their first, or aquatic, 
 period of lite. 
 
 LARYNGE, LARYNGIEN, adj., larynge- 
 us, L., laryngeal : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, and Pathology, to designate cer- 
 tain blood-vessels, and nerves, which are dis- 
 tributed on, and morbid affections which im- 
 plicate, the larynx : as, 1. a. an Artery, 
 Artere laryngee, F., arteria laryngea, L., 
 Kehlkopfarterie, G., ordinarily, a branch 
 of the superior thyroideal, itself the laryn- 
 geal artery, of Winslow; b. a Vein, Veine 
 laryngee, F., which terminates in the in- 
 ternal jugular ; c. two Nerves, Nerfs la- 
 rynges, die Kehlkopfnerven, G., given 
 off, on each side, by the pneumo-gastric ; 
 one, the superior, supeneur, der obere, 
 nervus laryngeus superior ; and the other, 
 the inferior, in/erieur, ou RECURRENT, 
 der untere, nervus laryngeus inferior, vel 
 recurrens. 2. to a variety of Phthisis, 
 PHTHISIE laryngee, F., die Kehlkopf- 
 schwindsucht, G., consequent on ulcera- 
 tion of the laryngeal membrane. 
 
 LARYNGITE, s. f., laryngitis, f. L., 
 Luftrohrenentziindung, f. G., inflamma- 
 tion of the larynx. 
 
 LARYNGOGRAPHIE,LARYNGOLOGIE,LA- 
 RYNGOTOMIE : feminine compounds of x- 
 v y%, see LARYNX, with the Greek, y^a.- 
 tpa, Xoyf, and -reft* -, and employed, in A- 
 natomy, and Surgery, to respectively de- 
 signate a description of, a treatise on, and 
 the dissection, or incision, Xafuyyara^/a, 
 of, the larynx. They may be latinized, and 
 anglicized, by conversion of the final e into 
 a, and ie into y ; germanized by the prefix 
 of the feminine article, die, without such 
 conversion. 
 
 LARYNX, s. m., f. L., x^uy|, Kehl- 
 kopf, Luftrb'hrenkopf, m. G. : in Anato- 
 my, the organ of voice of the higher Ver- 
 tebrata ; situated on the summit of, and 
 communicating with, the windpipe. It is 
 composed of four cartilages, see THY- 
 ROIDE, CRICOI'DE, and ARYTENOIDE ; nu- 
 merous muscles; and liberally supplied 
 with blood-vessels and nerves, see LA- 
 RYXGE. In Birds, there exists an inferi- 
 or in addition to the superior larynx. 
 
 LATENT, adj., latens, L., verborgen, 
 G. : an epithet applied, in Pathology, to 
 diseases, of difficult or obscure diagnosis ; 
 as ill-defined pneumonia, Pneumonie la- 
 tenle, F. : in Chemistry, to the matter of 
 heat, Calorlque latent, when so inti- 
 mately combined with bodies that its pre- 
 sence is not indicated by the thermome-
 
 ter : in Botany, to the vegetable embryo, 
 Emliryon latent, when developed only by 
 accidental causes, and giving rise to adven- 
 titious buds. 
 
 LATIFOLIE, adj., breitblattrig, G. : an 
 epithet employee, in Botany, to specifi- 
 cally designate plants, which, as Weissia 
 lalijolia, are distinguished by their broad 
 leaves, folia lata, L., breite Blatter, G. 
 
 LAUDANUM, s. m., n. L. : a term, pro- 
 bably a corruption of the Latin, laudandum, 
 or, rather, laude dignum ; and employed, 
 in French Pharmacy, to designate all the 
 preparations ofopium,more especially the 
 extract. In the popular language of the 
 Germans, and British, it is restricted to the 
 simple alcoholic, and the vinous Tinctures, 
 die Einfache, und Safranhaltige Opium- 
 tinktur, the Tinctura , et Vinum Opii, 
 of their respective Dispensatories. 
 
 LAURIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Laurus ( Enneandria, monogyn. ; Laur'moe), 
 L., der Lorbeerbaum, G., the Laurel ; 
 comprizing several medicinal species, see 
 CAMPHRE, CANNELLIER, et SASSAFRAS. 
 Theleaves, die Z,orfoerblatter,G., ofthe 
 common species, L. commun, F., L. no- 
 bilis, n $a<pv, of the Greeks, are aromatic : 
 and the berries, baccse Lauri,ii., die Lor- 
 beerbeeren, G., yield an expressed Oil, 
 Huile de laurier, F., Lorbeer'6\, G., em- 
 ployed, externally, as an anodyne- LAU- 
 RiNE,s.f., laurina.f.L. : a peculiar crystal- 
 line substance, found in the berries of laurel. 
 
 LAURO-CERISE, s. m. : in Botany, a spe- 
 cies of Prunus, see PRUNIER. The leaves, 
 folia lauro-cerasi, L., Kirschlorbeerblat- 
 ter, G., contain hydrocyanic acid ; and, 
 when largely employed, are poisonous. The 
 distilled water, VEau distillee des feuilles de 
 Lauro-Cerise, F., Aqua Stillatitia de fo- 
 liis Pruni Jjauro-Cerasi, Ph. Gall., das 
 Kirschlorbeerwasser, G., is anodyne and 
 antispasmodic. 
 
 LAVANDE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Lavandula (Didynamia, gymnosperm. ; La- 
 biatne),L,.,Aer Lavendel,G., the Laven- 
 der. The flowers, die Lavendelblumen, 
 G., of the common species, L. spica, 
 yield a fragrant essential oil, Oleum La- 
 vandulse, das Lavendelol. In addition to 
 this, the French have a Simple, and an 
 Ammoniated Spirit, Alcoolatum de Lavan- 
 dula, and Lavandulse ammoniacale, Ph. 
 Gall. ; the Germans, a Simple, and a Com- 
 pound Spirit, Einfacher und Zusammen- 
 gesetzter Lavendelspiritus. 
 
 LAVEMENT, s. m. See CLYSTERE. 
 
 LAXATIF, adj., laxativus, L., laxi- 
 rend, G., laxative. See ECCOPROTIQUE. 
 
 LEGUME, s. m., legumen, n. L., Xo/3f, 
 Hulsenfrucht, f. G. See GOUSSE. LE- 
 GUMINEUSES s. f., pi., Leguminosoe L. : 
 in Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous po- 
 lypetalous plants, with perigynous sta- 
 
 353 
 
 LEP 
 
 mens ; having, for fruit, a legume, or pod. 
 It includes many species, of great value 
 in medicine and domestic economy. 
 
 LEIOPODE, s. m., and adj., Xs(WaSu, 
 leiopodes, L. : a term applied to one who 
 has &flat, instead of naturally arched, foot, 
 wer einen platten, nicht gehorig geboge- 
 nen Fuss hat, G, 
 
 LEIPHEME, adj., A./<par//tf, leiphse- 
 
 mus, L., blutarm, G. : an epithet appli- 
 ed to an individual, Individu anemique, 
 F., see ANEMIE, pale from loss of blood. 
 
 LENITIF, adj., lendernd, G. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Materia Medica, to mild 
 laxative remedies, Medicaments leniti/s, F.; 
 as the Lenitive Electuary, Electuarium 
 lenitivum (Sennalatwerge, G., Confectio 
 Sennse, Ph. Land.), ofthe older dispensa- 
 tories. 
 
 LENT, adj , lentus, L., (3jaSuj,*-lang- 
 sam,G., slow. Ex. Pauls lent,F., pulsus 
 lentus,ii., a. slow pulse; Fievrelente, ein 
 schleichendes Fieber, G., a slow (hectic 
 or nervous) fever. 
 
 LENTICULAIRE, LENTIFORME, adj., 
 lenticularis, L., QuxotiSris, linsenfdrmig, 
 G., lenticular, exhibiting the figure of a 
 lentil, <px>j: as, in Anatomy, 1. a minute 
 bone of the ear, Os lenticulaire, ou ORBI- 
 CULAIRE ; 2. a ganglion of the optic nerve, 
 G. lenticulaire, ou OPHTHALMIQUE, 
 Augenknoten, G. ; and, 3. certain mucous 
 follicles, Papilles lenticulaires, linsenfor- 
 mige Warzchen, which, situated in two 
 oblique lines, unite, at an acute angle, on 
 the base of the tongue. In Surgery, a 
 knife, COUTEAU lenticulaire. In Zoolo- 
 gy, and Botany, employed to specifically 
 designate animals, and plants, whose or- 
 gans, as the shell of Orbulites lenticulata, 
 the leaf of Bossioea lenticularis, and seed of 
 Ervum lens, a if axes, are lentil-shaped. 
 
 LENTILLE, s. f . : a genus, in Botany, 
 Ervum (Diadelphia, decandr. ; Leguminosee), 
 L.,_ die Erve, G.,_ the Tare. The seed, 
 termed also Lentille, F., die Linse, G., 
 of one species, E. lens, L. cultivee, 
 is employed, as food, in South Europe ; 
 and that of another, E. ervillia (Ervillia 
 sativa, Link), VErvillier, yields a reso- 
 lutive farina : in Pathology, the vulgar 
 name of Ephelis lentigo, see EPHELIDE : 
 in Physics, a doubly convex glass, lens, 
 lenticula, f. L., Linsenglas, n. G. 
 
 LfcoNTiASE, s. m., leontiasis, f. L. : in 
 Pathology, a species of Lepra ; wherein 
 the patient's face is thought to resemble 
 that ofthe lion, Xswv. 
 
 LEPIDOIDE, adj., XsavSas/o^f, lepidoi- 
 des, L., schuppenfoi mig, schuppig.G., 
 scaly, resembling a scale, *.ivis, Schuppe, 
 G. : an epithet applied, by some anato- 
 mists, to tlie squamous suture, S. lepidoide, 
 F., die Schuppennaht, G., formed by 
 the temporal bone. 
 
 2A
 
 LES 
 
 LE"PIDOPTERES, s. m., pi., Lepidoptera 
 (X!T/{, Xfsri'Say, a scale, vrrigov, a wing), 
 L., -die Lepidopteren, Schuppenfliigler, 
 G.: in Entomology, an Order of the Class. 
 Insecta; comprehending those insects which 
 have four scaly wings, Insekten mit vier 
 Fliirieln, welche mit feinen Schnppen be- 
 deckt sind, G. It includes three Sub-or- 
 ders, Papllionida; Sphingidte, and Phaleni- 
 d<e, principally distinguished, from each 
 other, by the structure of the antenna, and 
 forming, together, the Glossates, of Fabri- 
 cius. LEFiDOPTBROLOGiauE, adj., lepi- 
 dopterologicus,L., pertaining to : LE- 
 PIDOPTEROLOGUE, s. m., Lepidopterolog, 
 m. G., lepidopterologist, a student of 
 LEPIDOPTEROLOGIE, s. f., lepidopterolo- 
 gia, f. (same, and Xoyaj, a discourse), L., 
 lepidopterology : the science of lepidopte- 
 rous insects, Insectes lepidopteres, F. 
 
 LEPIDO-SARCOME, s. m., lepido-sarco- 
 ma, n. L., Schuppenfleischgewachs, G. : 
 a fleshy tumour, ffK^xaf^a,, covered with 
 scales, Xtvilts ; observed in the interior 
 of the mouth, by Severinus. 
 
 LkroRiDEs, LEPORINS, s. m., and adj., 
 pi., Leporidee, Leporini, L. : a Family of 
 Mammifera, Order Rodentia ; having, for 
 type, the genus, Lepus, see LIEVRE. 
 
 LEPRE,S., x'tv^a,, lepra,f. L., Aus- 
 satz, m., Schuppenkrankheil,f.G., lepro- 
 sy. Under this generic term, three dis- 
 tinct scaly affections of the skin have been 
 confounded : 1. The leprosy of the Jews, 
 L. ties Juifs, little known ; 2. of the 
 Arabs, see E'LEPHANTIASE ; and, 3. 
 of the Greeks, L. des Grecs. The latter, 
 to which the term is here restricted, in- 
 cludes, according to French writers, three 
 species, la squammeuse, crustacee, et 
 tuberculeuse , and three, according to Bri- 
 tish, see Bateman, Synopsis, Order n., 
 Squamae. Much confusion, however, still 
 exists respecting leprous affections, LE- 
 PREUX, adj., Xfisr^oj, Xssr^S^f, leprous : 
 relating to, or attacked with, leprosy. Lfc- 
 PROSERIE, s. f., Spital fiir Auss'dtzlge, G. : 
 a hospital for lepers. 
 
 LESION, s. f., Isesio, f. (Icedere, to in- 
 jure), L. : a term, in Pathology, syn. with 
 derangement and disorder ; and employed 
 to designate every alteration which may 
 occur in the structure, or functions, of an 
 organ. Lesions organiques,Y., las/ones or- 
 ganicae, L., organische Krankheiten, G. : 
 terms used to express either the morbid 
 change existing in the structure of an or- 
 gan, or the phenomena connected with it. 
 Pinel, in his Nosographie Philosophique, v. 
 iii, p. 294, has combined, and made his 5th 
 Class of, these lesions. They are subdi- 
 vided into the General, common to all the 
 tissues ; and the Particular, or proper to 
 each. See Corvisart, Essai siir les Lesions 
 Organ iques du Camr, 8vo. Paris, 1811. 
 
 334 
 
 LEU 
 
 LETHALITE, s. f., lethalitas, f. L., 
 Todtlichkeit, f. G. : the quality of any- 
 thingjatal, LETHiFERE,adj., lethalis, 
 favairipas, todtlich : an epithet used in 
 speaking of necessarily fatal injuries. 
 
 LETHARGIE, s.f., x^a^y/, lethargia, 
 f. L., excessive drowsiness. See CARUS, 
 and COMA. LETHARGIQTJE, adj., xj4- 
 <yix!>s, lethargicus, lethargisch, G. ? le- 
 thargic : connected with, or suffering from, 
 lethargy. 
 
 LEUCE, s. f., Xy (XEUXOJ, white) : a 
 variety of Lepra, der weisse Aussatz,G., 
 referred, by Alibert, to L. squammosa. 
 
 LEUCINE, s. f., leucina, f. (XEUXOJ, ), 
 L., Leucine, f., Leucin, n., eine bei Be- 
 handlung des Muskelfleisches mit Schwe- 
 felsaure erhaltene weisse Substanz, G., a 
 white substance, obtained by treating mus- 
 cular flesh with sulphuric acid. 
 
 LEUCOCEPHALE, adj., leucocephalus 
 
 (xivxoi, white, x0aXj, the head), L., 
 weisskopfig, G. : an epithet employed spe- 
 cifically to designate animals, which, as 
 Delphinus leucocephalus, among the Ceta- 
 cca, Aquila leucocephala, among Birds, and 
 Coccinellaleucocephala,among Insects, exhi- 
 bit a white head; and plants which, like 
 Aijaricus leucocephalus, among the Fungi, 
 are distinguished by a white pileus or sum- 
 mit. LEUCOGASTHE, adj., leucogaster 
 
 (same, and ya^<rj, belly), L. : applied, in 
 like manner, to animals, as Ardea leucogas- 
 ter, a grallatorial Bird, and Natrix leucog., 
 an ophidian Reptile, with a white belly. 
 
 LEUCOME, s. m., \tvxcapa,, leucoma,n. 
 L., Leukom, n., ein weisser Hornhaut- 
 fleck, G., a white speck, resulting from 
 cicatrization of a wound, of the cornea. 
 
 LEUCOPATHIE, s. f., leucopathia, f. 
 (Xei/*o?, white, ra^ns, a disease), L., das 
 weisse Leiden, G., leucopathy : the con- 
 dition of an albino. 
 
 LEUCOPHLEGMATIE, s. f-,F., and G., 
 leucophlegmatia, f. (XEUXO;, white, ipXfy^a, 
 phlegm or pituita), L. : in Pathology, ge- 
 neral infiltration of serum, or exhalation 
 of air, into the cellular tissue of the body: 
 hence a synonym of general dropsy, see 
 ANASARQUE, and of emphysema, EM- 
 PHYSEME. LEUCOPHLEGMATIQUE, adj., 
 leucophlegmaticus, leucophlegmatisch 
 leucophlegmatic. 
 
 LEUCOPYRIE, s. f., leucopyria, f. L. : 
 a term employed, by Alibert, to designate 
 hectic, fever. It constitutes the 2nd genus 
 of the LEUCOSES, s. f., F., et L., pi., or Se- 
 venth Family, of his Nosologie Naturelle ; 
 comprehending all those diseases which 
 attack the serous or lymphatic vessels. 
 
 LEUCORRHEE, s.f., leucorrhrea, f. (xtu- 
 **, white, fiu, to flow), fluor albus, L., 
 der weisse Fluss,G., vulgarly, the whites, 
 FLEURS blanches, F. : the discharge of a 
 colourless, greenish, or yellowish fluid, re-
 
 suiting from inflammation, acute or chro- 
 nic, of the membrane which lines the fe- 
 male organs of generation. LEUCORRHO- 
 IQDE, adj., leucorrhoicus, L.: suffering 
 from, or connected with, leucon-hcea. 
 
 LEVAIN, s. m., &pn, fermentum, n. 
 
 L. 5 Sauerteig, m., Hefen, f. G., leaven, 
 
 yeast, see FERMENT. LEVURE, s. f., 
 spuma cerevisise, L., Bierhefen, Barme, 
 f. G. : that variety of yeast which rises on 
 the surface of malt-liquor,in fermentation. 
 
 LEVIER, s. m., vectis, f. L., Hebel, 
 m. G., lever : an instrument employed, 
 in Mechanics, for raising or sustaining 
 weights, or overcoming resistance : in 
 Surgery, L. droit, for extraction of the 
 incisor, and 1. de FEcluse, la langue de 
 carpe, for that of the molar teeth : in Ob- 
 stetrics, a lever, vectis obstetricus, L., 
 for altering the position of the head, and 
 expediting the delivery, of the child, in 
 difficult parturition. 
 
 LEVIGATION, s. f., levigatio, f. L., 
 Zerreibung, f. G. : in Pharmacy, the re- 
 duction of a substance into finest powder. 
 LEVIGER, v. a., levigare,L., to levigate. 
 
 LEVRE, s. m., labium, n. L., x,*.os, 
 Lefze, Lippe, f. G., lip : a term em- 
 ployed, in Anatomy, and .Zoology, to de- 
 signate the moveable and vascular organs 
 which bound the orifice of the mouth, 
 rictus, m. L., die Mundoffhung, G., in 
 man and the lower animals. They are 
 distinguished into the upper- and under-lip, 
 L. superieure, et inferieure, F., labium 
 superius, et inferius, L., Ober- und Un- 
 terlippe, G., the former, labrum, Lefze, 
 the latter, labium, Lippe, of Illiger : 
 2. parts of the female organs of genera- 
 tion, Levres de la vulve, F. ; distinguished 
 into the larger, grandes levres, labia pu- 
 dendi muliebris, L., die grossen Scham- 
 lippen, G. ; and the smaller, les petites, ou 
 Nymphes : 3. the two borders, internal or 
 left, L. interne ou gauche,T?., labium inte- 
 rius vel sinistrum, L., die innere oder 
 linke Lippe, G., and external or right, 
 L- externeoudroite, exterius veldextrurn, 
 aussere oder rechte, of an univalve 
 shell. In Botany, the two principal divi- 
 sions, die Ober- und Unterlippe, G., of 
 a bilabiate, or personate, calyx or corolla. 
 In Surgery, theborders, lips, of a wound, 
 les levres d'une plate, F., labia vulneris, 
 L., or other solution of continuity. 
 
 LEXICOGRAPHE, s. m., Xsl/xoy^poj, 
 lexicographus, m.L., Lexicograph, Wor- 
 terbuchschreiber, m. G., lexicographer : 
 the writer of a dictionary or lexicon, \i\i- 
 *, Lexikon, Worterbuch, n. G. : as 
 Stephani Blanchardi, Lexicon Medicum. 
 First Edition, 1 vol., published at Leyden, 
 1690 ; Last , by Kiihn, 2 vols., Leipsic, 
 1832 : and Medicinisches Lexikon. Von 
 Kraus. Gottingen, 1826. 
 
 355 
 
 LIE 
 
 LEZARD, s. m., Lacerta, f. L., 2ay^f, 
 Eidechse, f. G., Lizard : in Zoology, 
 a genus of Saurian Reptiles, see LACER- 
 TEES ; comprehending many European and 
 exotic species ; the flesh of which possesses 
 alimentary and is, or has been, supposed 
 to possess medicinal, properties. 
 
 LIBER, s. m., F., et L., Bast,m. G.: in 
 Physiological Botany, one of the three 
 substances which form the cortical layers 
 of a tree. In immediate contact with the 
 wood, it is composed of successive strata, 
 which resemble, in disposition, the leaves 
 of a book, liber, L. From this circum- 
 stance, or the ancient application of the 
 substance to the manufacture of paper, the 
 name has probably been derived. 
 
 LICHEN, s. m. : in Pathology, a term 
 applied, by Alibert, to an herpetic affection 
 which gives to the skin the aspect of a ve- 
 getable lichen : by Willan, to a genus of 
 Cutaneous Diseases, An^jjv, of the Greeks; 
 arranged in the Order, Papula ; and com- 
 prizing several species. 
 
 In Botany, a genus of Class, Cryptoga- 
 mia, Order, Alga ; forming the type of the 
 LICHENEES, s. fl, and adj., pi., Lichenea, 
 Lichenes,l,. d'islande, F., /. islaridicus, 
 L., islandisches Moos, islandische Flechte, 
 G. : a plant of the preceding family, Ce- 
 traria islandica, of British, and Physcia , 
 of French Botanists. Medicinally employ- 
 ed, as analeptic and tonic, by the Germans, 
 in the form of jelly, Islandische Flecht- 
 engallerte. 
 
 LICHENOIDE, adj. : an epithet applied, 
 by Alibert, to a variety of DARTRE squam- 
 meuse. 
 
 LIE, s. f., Tti|, crassamen, n., fex, f. 
 L. : the sediment, dregs, grounds, die 
 Hefen,G., deposited by certain fluids. La 
 lie de vin, F., Weinhefen, G., wine-Zee*. 
 
 LIEGE, s. m., suber, n. L., Kork, m. 
 G., cork : the bark of an oak, Quercus su- 
 ber, der Korkbaum, G. 
 
 LIENITE. See SPLENITE. LIENTERIE, 
 s. f., X(svrsg/, lienteria, f. L., Liente- 
 rie, Magenruhr, f. G. : in Pathology, a 
 frequent and liquid discharge of half-di- 
 gested aliment from the bowels 5 often 
 confounded with the coeliac flux, see Coz- 
 
 LIAQUE. LlENTERIQUE, adj., ^.lllvrt^i- 
 
 ulns, lienteric: connected with, or suf- 
 fering from, lientery. 
 
 LIERRE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, He- 
 dera ( Pentandria,monogyn. ; Caprifoliacea), 
 L., der Epheu, G., Ivy. From the stem 
 of the common species, H. helix f exudes, 
 in warm climates, a gum-resin, improperly 
 designated Gomme de lierre, F., see RE- 
 SINE. The leaves are employed to dress 
 issues ; the berries, purgative. L. terrestre, 
 F., Ground Ivy. See TERRETTE. 
 
 LIEVRE, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, Le- 
 pus ( Mammifera, Rodentia ; 
 2A2
 
 LIG 
 
 comprizing several species, as the common 
 hare, L. timidus, a Ayo;, der Hase,G.; 
 the Alpine, L. variabilis, Berghase ; and 
 rabbit, see LAPIN. LEVRAUT, s. m., 
 lepusculus, m. L., XaysJS/av, Haschen, n. 
 G., a leveret, or young hare Hare's 
 flesh, z.a.'yua, (xffiara), is a nutritious and 
 stimulating article of diet. 
 
 LIGAMENT, s. m., ligamentum, n. L., 
 <rinl$i<rp.os, Band, n. G. : in Anatomy, 1. 
 a fibrous cord, or membrane, destined to 
 connect two or more bones ; convert into 
 a perfect hole, the notch existing on the 
 margin, or close an orifice in the body, of 
 a bone. Of this nature, are, a. the liga- 
 mentum teres of the head of the thigh-bone, 
 das runde Band des Kopfs des Schenkel- 
 knochens, G. ; b. the sacro-sciatic ligaments, 
 see SACRO-SCIATIQTTE ; and, c. the obtu- 
 rator, Verstopfungiawrf : 2- membranous 
 folds, which, as the suspensory ligament of 
 the liver, L.suspensoire dufoie, F., liga- 
 mentum suspensorium hepatis, L., Auf- 
 hangeband, G., serve to retain an organ 
 in its situation. The fibro-capsules, which 
 connect the bones, in certain articulations, 
 are, also, termed ligaments ; as the lig. cap- 
 sulare, L., Kapsel6and,G., of the shoul- 
 der-joint. There are several other parts, 
 or structures, to which, as the broad liga- 
 ments of the womb, see LARGE ; and the 
 ciliary ligament, see CILIAIRE, this term 
 has been incorrectly applied. In Zoology, 
 a prolongation, L. de blanc, F., ligamen- 
 tum albuminis, L., of the substance of the 
 interior which passes through the exte- 
 rior, white of an egg to the membrane of 
 the shell ; and the horn-like structure 
 which connects the two pieces of the tes- 
 taceous envelope of the Conchijera. Li- 
 
 GAMENTEUX,adj., ligaiTK'lltoSUS, L., li- 
 
 gamentous: exhibiting the characters of 
 ligament. 
 
 LIGATURE, s. f., ligatura, f. (ligo, to 
 tie), L., Binde, f. G. : the waxed thread 
 employed, by Surgeons, in tying blood- 
 vessels, the removal of pedunculated tu- 
 mours and portions of omentum, and obli- 
 teration of the hernial sac. A ligature may 
 be composed of common thread, silk, cat- 
 gut, or wire. It is termed, immediate, F., 
 when embracing only the arterial or venous 
 membranes; me<Z/ate,whenincluding,with 
 the vessel, a portion of the surrounding 
 structures ; and I. d'attente, when passed 
 loosely round an artery, to be tightened 
 only on the occurrence of haemorrhage. 
 The term is, also, applied to the operation 
 itself: thus, pratiquer la ligature d'une ar- 
 tere, is a common expression, in French. 
 
 LIGNE, s. f., <yiip,(ir>, line : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, 1. to the crest, linea 
 innominata,L., die ungenannte Linie,G. ; 
 which, traversing the interior of the ilium, 
 from promontory of sacrum to symphysis 
 
 356 
 
 pubis, separates the lesser from the greater 
 pelvis: 2. trough ridge, L.apre du femur, 
 ( sous-trochante'rienne, Ch.), F., linea 
 aspera ossis femoris, L., die rauhe Linie, 
 G., which marks the posterior surface of 
 the thigh-bone : and, 3 the tendinous track, 
 L. blanche ( me'diane de 1'abdomen, 
 Ch.) ; linea alba, die weisse Linie, 
 which extends, interrupted only by the 
 navel, from ensiform cartilage to pubes. 
 L. mediane du corps, die Medianfinie,G., 
 mesial line: an imaginary line, passing 
 from head to foot, ana dividing the body 
 into two equal and symmetrical portions. 
 
 LIGNEUX, s. m., LIGNINE, s. f. : an im- 
 mediate principle of vegetables ; almost 
 exclusively constituting wood. Hemp and 
 flax consist principally of it ; and white 
 paper, without size, may be regarded as 
 pure lignine. LIGNEUX, adj., ligneus, 
 ox<vos, t/Xai$rij, holzig, G., ligneous, 
 woody, wood-like : consisting, or exhibit- 
 ing the characters, of wood. 
 
 LIGULE, s. f., ligula, f. L. See LAN- 
 
 GUETTE. 
 
 LILIACE, adj., liliaceus, L., Xs/j/va?, 
 lilienftirmig, G., liliaceous : an epithet 
 employed, in Botany, to designate a tri- 
 or hexapetalous corolla, or a monopetalous 
 corolla with three or six divisions, and de- 
 stitute of calyx, like that of Lilium. Li- 
 LIACEES, s. f., pi., LiliacetB, L. : a Natural 
 Family of monocotyledonous plants, with 
 perigy nous stamens ; having, for type, the 
 genus, Lilium. See Lis. 
 
 LIJIACE, s. f., Limax, L. : a genus of 
 naked Gasteropodous Mollusca; of wnich the 
 common black slug, Z..a<ir, dieschwarze 
 AVeg-Schnecke, G., exhibits a familiar il- 
 lustration. LiMA90N, s. m. : in Zoology, 
 a genus of Testaceous Gasteropodous Mol- 
 lusca, Helix, see HELICE. In Anatomy, 
 the most anterior cochlea,f.L Schnecke, 
 f. G., of the three cavities which consti- 
 tute the internal ear. It consists of two 
 conical canals, spirally convoluted like the 
 shell whose name it bears. AQUEDUC du 
 , Aquaeductus cochleae, L., "VVasser- 
 leitung der Schnecke, G. LIMACIEN, adj. : 
 an epithet applied to a branch, Branche 
 limacienne, of the acoustic nerve, which 
 passes into the cavity of the cochlea. 
 
 LIMAILLE, s. f. : metal reduced to pow- 
 der by the file, LIME,S. m. ; as Filings of 
 iron, and tin, Limatura Ferri, et Stanni, 
 L., Praparirte Eisen- und Zinn/e/te, G. 
 
 LIMANDE, s. f. : a species, in Ichthyo- 
 logy, belonging to the genus, Pleuronectes ; 
 the/esAof which, P.limanda, die Glahr- 
 ke, G., the dab, is edible. 
 
 LIMON, s. m., limonium, n. L., Li- 
 monie, f. G., lemon : the fruit of the le- 
 mon-tree, LIMONIER, s. m., der Limoni- 
 enbaum, G., a species belonging to C- 
 tnis, see GRANGER. Many botanical and
 
 LIN 
 
 pharmaceutical writers, French, German, 
 and British, describe the lemon as the fruit 
 of C. medico, the citron-tree ; whereas it 
 is really the produce of C. limonium. The 
 fruits of both possess the same properties, 
 medicinal and dietetic. LIMONADE, s. , 
 F., and G., lemonade: the juice of lemon 
 or citron, diluted with water,and sweetened. 
 seche : citric acid, pulverized and mixed 
 with sugar. 
 
 LIMONEUX, adj., limosus, L., schlam- 
 mig, G., covered with slime, Limon, F., 
 limus, m. L. Langue limoneuse, F., 
 a slimy tongue. 
 
 LiMPiDE, adj., limpidus, L., S/<pvj?, 
 klar, hell, durchsichtig, G., limpid, 
 clear, transparent. Urinelimpide,F., urine 
 without cloud, turbidity, or sediment. 
 
 LIN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Linum 
 ( Pentandria, pentagyn. ; CaryophylleeB),I-i., 
 der Flaxsche,G., Flax. Theseerfs, se- 
 mina lini, L., die Lemsamen, G., of the 
 common species, L.usitatissimum, ro X/- 
 v, yield a well-known oil, Leinbl, G. ; 
 and the farina, jLeiwmehl, is much em- 
 ployed in the composition of a suppurative 
 poultice. The leaves of another, L. ca- 
 tharticum, L. cathariique, F., are, as the 
 specific designation indicates, cathartic. 
 
 LINEAIRE, adj., linearis, L., y^a^/- 
 nof, linealisch, linienformig, G., linear: 
 an epithet applied, in Surgical Pathology, 
 in fractures, Fr. lineaires, F., which ex- 
 hibit the appearance of a line, tinea, L. : 
 in Zoology, and Botany, to animals and 
 plants, whose more conspicuous organs, as 
 the abdomen of Asilus , and leaflets of A- 
 cacia linearis, and petals of Fraxinus ornus, 
 are elongated, and equally narrow, in their 
 whole extent. 
 
 LINGUAL, adj., lingualis, L., lingual: 
 an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to de- 
 signate divers organs, and blood-vessels, 
 which constitute the apparatus of the 
 tongue, lingua, L., see LANGUE: as, 1. 
 a bone, Os lingual, ou HVOIDE, os lin- 
 guale, L., ZMM^enbein, G. ; 2. a muscle, 
 M. lingual, Lingualis, Zwre^enmuskel, 
 extending from root to apex of the organ ; 
 3. an artery, Artere linguale, Zungenar- 
 terie, a branch of the external carotid, 
 which assumes, on arrival at the base of 
 the tongue, the name ofranine ; 4. a vein, 
 Zungenvene, terminating in the internal 
 jugular ; and, 5. a nerve, Nerf lingual, 
 see GUSTATIF, nervus lingualis vel gus- 
 tatorius, L., der Geschmacks- oder Zun- 
 ffennerv, G., a branch of the inferior 
 maxillary, or third division of the fifth 
 cerebral nerve, see TRIJUMEAU, distri- 
 buted on the papillae of the tongue. The 
 ninth (twelfth) or hypoglossal nerve, see 
 HYPOGLOSSE, is, also, by some anato- 
 mists, termed the lingual ; and a branch 
 given to the tongue, by the glosso-pharyn- 
 
 357 
 
 LIS 
 
 geal, the lingual branch, ramus lingualis 
 nervi glosso-pharyngei,L., Zungen&st des 
 Zi/n$renschlundkopfnervens, G. 
 
 LINIMENT, s. m., linimentum, n. L. : 
 a remedy for external use, by friction; 
 ordinarily composed of oil, soap, or cam- 
 phor and ammonia : as L. Oleoso-Calcari- 
 um, Ph. Gall. ; and L. Saponis composi- 
 tum, et Camphorse comp. (Zusammen- 
 gesetztes KampherfimmenJ, G.), of the 
 British Pharmacopeia. 
 
 LIPABOCELE, s. f., liparocele, vel lipo- 
 cele, f. (ra x/Vas, x/irajas, fat, >jAj, hernia), 
 L. : & fatty tumour, LIPOME, F., of the 
 scrotum. 
 
 LIPODERME, adj., Xu-roSs^of, leipc- 
 dermis, L. : circumcised, or naturally de- 
 stitute of prepuce. 
 
 LIPOME, s. m., lipoma, n. (x<Va;, fat), 
 L., Fettgeschwullst, t. G. : an ^adipose 
 tumour. 
 
 LlPOPSVCHIE, S. f., &UTa-4<v%ia, leipO- 
 
 vel lipopsychia, f. L. Synon. with LIPO- 
 THYMIE, s. f., Xu*i>6v/j.'ta, lipothy mia, f., 
 animi deliqium, L., Ohnmacht, f. G., 
 faintness, swooning. Aiix-etvpixos, adj., 
 lipothymicus, L. : inclined to, or resem- 
 bling a, swoon. 
 
 LIPPITUDE, s. f, lippitudo, f. L. : a 
 morbid condition, Etat chassieux, F*,_ 
 from irritation of the mucous follicles si- 
 tuated on the margin, of the eye-lids. 
 
 LIPYRIE, s. f., Xuvvfia, leipyria vel 
 lipyria, fl L. : according to Hoffman, a fe- 
 ver which suddenly remits; to the French 
 and German writers, a Jever with great 
 coldness on the exterior, and heat in the 
 interior, of the body, Fieber mit ausser- 
 er Kalte und innerer Hitze, G. 
 
 LIQOEUR, s. f., liquor: a term em- 
 ployed, in common language, as syn. with 
 fluid or water : L. de Famnios, F., liquor 
 amnii, L., Kindwasser, G., see F.AU : 
 in British Pharmacy, sometimes to desig- 
 nate the aqueous solution of an alcali, or 
 neutral salt ; as L. olim Aqua calcis ; 
 L. Aqua Ammonise Acetatis ; but, or- 
 dinarily, in the French and German, flu- 
 ids which have alcohol for their base ; as 
 Hoffman's anodyne, L. mineralis anody- 
 nus HofFmanni, Ph. Gall., Hoffmann- 
 ischer schmerzstillender Liquor, G., the 
 Spiritus jEtheris sulphuric! compositus, of 
 British Pharmacology. 
 
 LIQUIDAMBAR, s. m., F., et L. : a ge- 
 nus, in Botany (Monoecia, polyandr. ; A.- 
 menlacetB), der Amberbaum, G., Sweet- 
 gum ; one species of which, L. styraciflua, 
 L.tfAmeriquz,!?., yields the liquid sto- 
 rax, see STYRAX. 
 
 LIS, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Lilium 
 ( Hexandria, monogyn. ; Liliacece), L., 
 die Lilie, G., Lily. The root of one spe- 
 cies, L. oandidum, le L. blanc, F., ra 
 Xi/gMv, die weisse Lilie, G., forms acorn-
 
 LIT 
 
 mon ingredient in the suppurative poul- 
 tice ; and an infusion of the flowers in o- 
 live-oil, Oleum Infusum Lilii candidi re- 
 centis, Ph. Gall., Lilienol, G., is said to 
 possess anodyne and peculiarly emollient 
 properties. 
 
 LISEROIT, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Convolvulus (Pentandria, monogyn. ; Con- 
 volvulaceas ), L., die Binde, G., Bind- 
 weed ; comprizing several important medi- 
 cinal species, see JALAPE, et SCAMMO- 
 tffcE. The roots of C. sepium, and soldanel- 
 la, also, are purgative. 
 
 LITHAGOGUE, s. m., and adj., lithogo- 
 gus (\}0os, a stone, ei-yu, to expel), L. Li- 
 THAGOGUES, pL, steinausleerende Mittel, 
 G. : remedies administered with the view 
 of expelling calculi from the urinary pas- 
 sages. Lithagogum,n.Li., seeLiTHOLABE. 
 
 LITHARGE, s. f., x/tfajy^as, lithargy- 
 rum, n.L., Bleiglatte, Silberglatte,f.G.: 
 the ancient designation of the semi-vitre- 
 ous protoxide of lead. 
 
 LITHIASE, s. f., kitiatis, lithiasis, f. 
 Jj. : a term employed, in Pathology, to 
 designate formation of stone, Steinkrank- 
 heit, f. G., or morbid concretions, as uri- 
 nary calculi, in the animal body. Lithia- 
 sis constitutes the 1 1 th genus of the Uroses, 
 in the Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 LITHIATE, LITHIQUE. See URATE, et 
 URIQUE. 
 
 LITHINE, s. f., lithina, f. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, an oxydeofaweta/,LiTHiUM,s.m., 
 
 n. L., hypothetically assumed as, but 
 
 not yet proved to constitute, its base. 
 
 LITHOLABE, s. m., litholabon, n., litho- 
 labus, m. (Kit as, a stone, *.*, seizure), li- 
 thogogum, n. L., Steinzange, f., Stein- 
 loffel, m. G. : forceps, scoop, or other in- 
 strument, used for grasping and extraction 
 of the stone, in lithotomy. 
 
 LITHOLOGIE, s. f., lithologia, f. (same, 
 and Xoyoy, discourse), L., Lithologie, f., 
 die Lehre von den Steinen, G., lithology : 
 a treatise on concretions. See Lltologia U- 
 mana, etc. de Prof. L. V. Brugnatelli. Fol. 
 Pavia, 1819. 
 
 LITHONTRIPTIQUE, adj., lithontripti- 
 cus (*.i6as, a stone, rgtyis, wearing away), 
 L. : an epithet employed, in Materia Me- 
 dica, to designate remedies, remedia li- 
 
 thontriptica, L., Steinauflosende Mittel, 
 
 Steinmittel, G., which possess the pro- 
 perty of effecting the solution of concretions 
 formed in the kidney or urinary bladder. 
 
 LITHOTOME, s. m., lithotomus, m. 
 
 (same, and rap*, incision), L., Lithotom, 
 Steinmesser, m. G. : a knife employed in 
 cutting the urinary bladder, not the stone, as 
 the term incorrectly indicates, in the ope- 
 ration of lithotomy, LITHOTOMIE, s. f., 
 lithotomia, f. L., Steinschnitt, m. G. 
 Hence the terms, CVSTOTOME, and CYS- 
 TOTOMIE, are obviously preferable. Li- 
 
 358 
 
 LOC 
 
 THOTOMISTE, s. m., lithotomista, m. L., 
 Steinschneider, m. G., lithotomist : a 
 practitioner of lithotomy. 
 
 LITHE, s. m. (x/Vja, ): a measure, con- 
 taining one.FYtfwc&pint,and a 10th, of fluid. 
 
 LIXIVATIOJT, s. f., lixivatio, f. L., 
 A uslaugung, f. G. : the act of treating 
 ashes with water, in order to dissolve the 
 alcaline salts which they contain. 
 
 LOBAIRE, s. f., lobaria, f. L. See 
 
 PULMONAIRE. 
 
 LOBAIRE, s. f., and adj., lobaris, L. : 
 an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to the 
 arteries of the cerebral hemispheres : as, 1. 
 L. anterieure, the artery of the corpus 
 callosum ; 2. la moyenne ( ceYdbrale 
 moyenne), both branches of the internal 
 carotid ; and, 3. la posterieure ( ceYe'- 
 brale posterieure), given off by vertebral. 
 
 LOBE, s. m., Xofioj, lobus, m. L., 
 Lappen, m. G. : the rounded and pro- 
 jecting portion of an organ ; as, in Anato- 
 my, the lobe of the ear, L. de Foreille, F., 
 das Ohrldppchen, G. ; of the brain, L. 
 
 du cerveau, a designation applied, by 
 
 Chaussier, to each cerebral hemisphere ; 
 and lobes of the liver, right and left, lo- 
 bus hepatis dexter et sinister, L., der 
 rechte und linke Tuebevftugel, oder -lappen, 
 G. In Botany, the cotyledons of plants, 
 and the divisions of an anther and of cer- 
 tain leaves, are termed lobes. LOBE, adj., 
 lobatus, L., gelappt, lappig,G. : divid- 
 ed into lobes. Feuille Iobee,Y., a lobed leaf. 
 
 LOBELIE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Lo- 
 belia (Syngenesia, monogam.), L., die Lo- 
 belie,G., constituting the type of the Lo- 
 BELIACEES, s. f., pi., Lobeliacece, L. The 
 root of L. syphilitique, L. syphilitica, die 
 heilsame L.,G., is employed, in America, 
 for the cure of syphilis : the Tincture of 
 another species, L. iiiflata, has lately 
 been recommended in the treatment of 
 asthma ; and the odour of the flowers of a 
 third, L. tupa, Tupa, G., hence reput- 
 de poisonous, excites severe vomiting. 
 
 LOBULE, s. m., lobulus, m. L., Lapp- 
 chen, n. G. : a little lobe ; as the lobule of 
 the ear, see I ..OBE . L. du nerf vague, F. : 
 according to Vic-d'Azyr,asmalJ eminence, 
 situated on the external and anterior side 
 of the most anterior of the internal lobes 
 of the cerebellum. The cerebral lobes, of 
 other anatomists, are, also, termed, by 
 Chaussier, lobules du cerveau. Lobulus Spi- 
 gelii, L., lobule, ou lobe inferieur, du foie, 
 F., LOBULE, adj., lobulatus, L., lobu- 
 lated : divided into lobules. 
 
 LOCAL, adj. : an epithet, in Pathology, 
 and Therapeutics, opposed to general, and 
 constitutional : Maladie locale, F., morbus 
 localis, L., a local disease ; ein topisches 
 Arzneimittel,G., a local or topical remedy. 
 
 LOCHIES, s. f., pi., ra. Ke%t7a, lochia, 
 L., Kindbettreinigung, f. G.: the bloody
 
 LOM 
 
 and serous discharge from the female or- 
 gans, after parturition. LOCHIORRHEE, s. 
 f. (same, and fiu, to flow), L., a moderate 
 , LocmoRHHAGiE,s.f., lochiorrhagia, 
 f. (same, and ptyvupi, to burst out), L., a 
 profuse -flow of the lochia. 
 
 LocoMOTEtiR, adj., locomotive : Or- 
 yane, ou appare'd, locotnoteur, ., an organ, 
 or set of organs, which serves for, or assists, 
 LOCOMOTION, s. , Ortsbewegung, f. G., 
 the process whereby animals of the 
 higher Classes transport themselves from 
 place to place. 
 
 LoGE,s.m., loculus, m.,loculamentum, 
 n. L., Mxiov, Fach, n. G. : a cavity ex- 
 isting in the anther, ovary, or pericarp, of 
 a plant. Such organ, when the cavity con- 
 sists of one cell, is termed unilocular, ein- 
 fachrigjG. ; of two, three, four, or many, 
 bi-, tri-, quadri-, or multilocular, zwei-, 
 drei-, vier-, oder vielfachrig, nach der An- 
 zahl der Abtheilungen, G., according to 
 the number of the divisions. 
 
 LOIMOGRAPHIE, s.t., loinio- vel loenio- 
 graphia, f. (Xa/^ej, plague, ygdtpa, to de- 
 scribe), L., die Beschreibung einer Pest, 
 G., description of a plague. LOIMOLOGIE, 
 s. , loimologia, f. (same, and Xoyaj, dis- 
 course), L., die Lehre von den anstecken- 
 den Krankheiten ( des maladies lo'imiques 
 ou pestilentielles, F.), G., the doctrine of 
 pestilential diseases. LO'IMOPYRE, s. f., 
 loimopyra, f. (same, and vu%, fever), L., 
 Pestfieber, n. G., pestilential fever. 
 
 LoMBAiRE,adj., lumbalis, lumbaris,L., 
 lumbar: belonging to, or occupying, the 
 loins, leslombes,Y., lumbi,L., dieLend- 
 en, G. ; as, 1. a region of the back, R. lom- 
 baire, F., regio lumbalis, L., die Lenden- 
 gegend, G.; 2. t'aevertebrie, Vertebres lom- 
 baires, Lendenvrirbel, constituting the 
 
 lumbar portion of the spinal column ; 4. 
 
 Muscles, M. lombaires, including the 
 
 Psoas magnus, and Quadratus lumborum, 
 L. extcrne et interne, F., grosser und vi- 
 ereckiger Lendenmuskel, and Psoas parvus, 
 kleiner Lencfe/miuskel, of German anato- 
 mists ; 4. Arteries, Arteres lombaires, 
 .LtfHcfenarterien ; given off by the abdomi- 
 nal aorta ; and Veins, Veines lombaires, 
 venae lumbares,li., which terminate in the 
 inferior cava : 5. Nerves, Nerfs lombaires, 
 live on each side, issuing from the in- 
 ter vertebral foramina, Trous de conjuga'is- 
 on, F., Zwischenwirbellocher,G., of the 
 lumbar spine ; 6. a Plexus, P. lombaire 
 (portion lombaire du plexus crural, Ch.), 
 formed by an union of the twigs of the an- 
 terior branches of the first four lumbar 
 nerves ; and, 7- the dilated commence- 
 ment of thoracic duct, CiTERNE/omoaire. 
 
 Lo.MiiEs, s. f., pi., lumbi, L., / >/</, 
 die Lenden, G., the loins, or posterior 
 region of the abdomen ; situated between 
 the pelvis and base of the thorax. 
 
 359 
 
 LOO 
 
 LoMBO-ABDOMiNAL,adj., lumbo-abdo- 
 minalis, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the Transversal-is abdominis, mus- 
 cle, see TRANSVERSE ; by Bichat, to 
 the lumbar plexus of nerves, LOMBAIRE. 
 
 LoMso-CosTAL, adj., lumbo-costalis, 
 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to 
 the Serratus posticus inferior, muscle, see 
 DENTELE, 4. 
 
 LoMBo-CosTO-TRACHELiEN,adj., lum- 
 bo-costo-trachelianus, L. ; LOMBO-DORSO- 
 TRACHELIEN, adj. : epithets respectively 
 applied, by Dumas, to the Sacro-Lumbalis, 
 and Longissimus dorsi, muscles. See SA- 
 
 CRO-LOMBAIRE, et DORSAL. 
 
 LoMBo-HuMERAL, adj., lumbo-hume- 
 ralis, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the Latissimus dorsi, muscle, see 
 DORSAL. Lojiuo-lLi-ABDOMiNAL.adj., 
 by Dumas, to the Transversus abdominis, 
 muscle, see TRANSVERSE. 
 
 LOMBO-SACRAL, adj. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, by Bichat, to a large nerve ; which, giv- 
 en off by the anterior branch of the fifth 
 lumbar, unites, after supplying the gluteal, 
 Nerffessier, F., in front of the sacrum, 
 with the sciatic plexus. 
 
 LOMBRIC, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Lumbricus (Class, Annelida, Order, Abran- 
 chia, Cuv.), L. The common species, L. 
 terrestris,-der Regenwurm,G., was once 
 thought to possess medicinal properties. 
 
 LOMBRICAL, adj., lumbricalis, resem- 
 bling an earth-worm, lumbncus, L. : an e- 
 pithet employed, in Anatomy, to designate 
 four small worm-like muscles of the hand 
 and foot, M. lombricaux de la main, et du 
 pied ( phalangiens, et planti-sous-pha- 
 langiens, Ch.), Lumbricales manus, et pe- 
 dis, L., .S/ra/muskeln der Hand und des 
 Fusses, G. The former extend from the 
 outer side of the tendons of the Flexor 
 profundus digitorum to the back of the first 
 phalanges of the four fingers : the latter, 
 from the tendons of the Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis, to the inside of the first pha- 
 langes of the four lesser toes. 
 
 LOMBRICOIDES, adj. : the specific desig- 
 nation of an Ascaris, see ASCARIDE. 
 
 LONG, adj., longus, L., lang, G. : an 
 epithet opposed, in signification, to short, 
 and broad, see COURT, et LARGE ; and 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate a 
 muscle of the neck, Long, du cou, F., 
 Longus colli, L., langer Halsmuskel, G., 
 attached to the anterior surface of the 
 first three dorsal, and last six cervical ver- 
 tebra, the intervertebral ligaments, ante- 
 rior border of the last five cervical verte- 
 brae, and tubercle on the anterior arch of 
 the atlas. For an account of the other long 
 muscles,see ExTENSEUR,et FLECHISSEUR; 
 of the Longissimus dorsi, see DORSAL. 
 
 LOOCH, s. m., linctus, m. L., Brust- 
 saft, Lecksaft, m.G. : a term, derived from
 
 LUN 
 
 the Arabic ; and employed, in Pharmacy, 
 to designate a preparation ordinarily com- 
 posed of mucilage or oil, of saccharine 
 taste, consistence between that of electu- 
 ary and syrup ; and administered in affec- 
 tions of the lungs, trachea, or larynx : as 
 the L. d'aeuf, Loock de ovo, Ph. Gall. 
 
 LOPHOBRANCHES, s. m., and adj., pi., 
 Lophobranchii (x'oQos, a tuft, figa,'y%ta, gills), 
 L. : an Order of Osseous Fishes ; com- 
 prehending those whose respiratory organs, 
 as in the Syngnathida, are arranged, by 
 pairs, along the branchial arches, in the 
 form of minute rounded tufts, instead of 
 the pectinated disposition which they or- 
 dinarily exhibit. 
 
 LiORDOSE, s. f., \efia<ris, lordosis,f. L., 
 the state of lending forwards: a term ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to curvatures of the 
 vertebral column anteriorly. 
 
 LOTIOX, s.f., lotio, f.Li., Aour^sv, Ab- 
 waschung, f. G. : the act of washing any 
 part of the body with a fluid : in Pharmacy, 
 the fluid, itself, employed in such process. 
 
 LOUPE, s. f., lupia, f. L. : in Surgical 
 Pathology, an indolent, circumscribea, co- 
 lourless tumour, often pediculated, and or- 
 dinarily formed of a cyst which contains 
 either an adipose or pulpy sebaceous mat- 
 ter, resembling honey, butter, or wax. 
 
 LOXAHTHRE, s. m., loxarthrus, m. 
 (Xo|5, oblique, j^v, ajoint), L., Schief- 
 gliedrigkeit, f. G. : the vicious direction of a 
 joint, without spasm or luxation; by Sau- 
 vage, constituted a genus of the Order, 
 Ectopia. 
 
 LucTEUX,adj., luctuosus,L., plaint- 
 ive. A moaning respiration, R. lucteuse, F. 
 
 LUETTE, S. f., <rr<p;A), Uvula, f. L., 
 
 Zapfchen, n.G. : in Anatomy, the fleshy 
 appendage attached to the free border of 
 the velum palati. It is formed of mucous 
 membrane, and contains, in its structure, 
 a muscle, see AZYGOS. vesicate : a 
 small tubercle, existing in the lower part 
 of the neck of the bladder, see TRIGONE. 
 
 LUMBAGO, s. m., f. L. : a rheumatic 
 affection of the lumbar muscles, Lenden- 
 weh, n. G. 
 
 LUMINEUX, adj., luminosus, L., <p/u- 
 rtitos, leuchtend, G., luminous : an epi- 
 thet applied to every substance, or body, 
 from which light, LuMiERE,s.f., lumen, 
 n. L., $us, Licht, f. G., emanates. 
 
 LUNATIQUE, adj., mondsiichtig, G. : 
 an epithet applied to persons, lunatici,L,., 
 o't <riXj)A.>jT8<, who suffer periodical at- 
 tacks of madness, popularly attributed to 
 the influence of the moon, LUNE, s. f, . 
 luna, f. L., (rsXjj'm, Mond, m. G. Lujrfc, 
 adj., lunatus, x!>an$>ij, mondformig, 
 moon-shaped. LUNULE, adj., lunula- 
 tus.L., halbmondformigjG., lunulated: 
 exhibiting the figure of a lunulc, lunula, 
 f. L., or half-moon. 
 
 360 
 
 LYM 
 
 LUPIN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Lu- 
 pinus ( Diadelphia, decandr. ; Leguminosce), 
 L., die Lupine, G. The seeds of L. albus 
 furnish one of the four resoluiive farina ; 
 and are employed in the composition of 
 poultices. They form, in Corsica and 
 Piedmont, an important article of diet. 
 
 LUTATION, s. f. : the act of employing 
 lute, Lux, s. m., lutum, n.L., das Lu- 
 tum, der weisse Leim, G., to close the 
 orifices of vessels, in chemical and pharma- 
 ceutical processes. 
 
 LUXATION, s. f., luxatio, f. L., Ver- 
 renkung, f. G. : displacement, and loss of the 
 natural relations, partial or total, of the ar- 
 ticular extremities of bones; resultingfrom 
 the infliction of external violence, or de- 
 struction of the cartilages or articular liga- 
 ments by inflammation. Luxk,adj., lux- 
 atus, luxated, displaced. 
 
 LYCANTHHOPIE, s, f., At/xa^ja/sr/a, 
 lycanthropia, f. L. : a kind of madness, in 
 which the patient thinks himself trans- 
 formed into, or howls like, a wolf, \i>xof. 
 
 LYCOPODE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Lycopodium(Cryptogamia, Lycopodineti^L,., 
 das Kolbenmoos, G., Clubmoss. The 
 capsule of a common European species, 
 L. clavatum, contains a highly inflammable 
 powder, termed Soufre vegetal, F. ; and em- 
 ployed, in Medicine, as a desiccative ; in Phar- 
 macy, as an envelope for pill and bolus. 
 
 LYCOREXIE, s. f., lycorexia, f. (XVK/H, a 
 wolf, 0^1;, hunger), L. Synon. with Bou- 
 I.I.MIK. See, also, FAIM. 
 
 LYMPHATIQUE, adj., lymphaticus, L., 
 lymphatic, containing, or relating to, 
 lymph, I,YMpHE,s.f., lympha,f.L., die 
 Lymphe, G., or the vessels by which it is 
 conveyed : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate, 1. those vessels, les 
 Vaisseaux lymphaliques,V., vasa lymphati- 
 ca,L., dielymphatischenGetasse,G.; or, 2. 
 the glands, Ganglions lymphatiques, situ- 
 ated in their course ; 3. the whole system 
 of organs, Systeme ou Appareillymphatique, 
 which con tributes to theelaboration,and 
 transmission, of the lymph : in Pathology, 
 a temperament, T. lymphatique, wherein 
 the lymphatic system predominates. L. de 
 Cotuyno : the fluid which fills all the cavi- 
 ties of the internal ear. 
 
 LYMPHANGEITE, s. f., lymphangeitis, 
 f. L. : a base compound of the Latin, Lym- 
 pha, and the Greek a-yytiov, a vessel; em- 
 ployed, in Pathology, to denote inflamma- 
 tion of the lymphatic vessels, eine Ent- 
 
 ziindung der Lymphgefdsse, G. Like objec- 
 tionable compounds of Lympha, with y^a,<pu, 
 %.oyei, vrv/>tTos, <rx.i>Tiu, and Tafuri, are intro- 
 duced, by the German, Kraus, to respec- 
 tively designate a description of , treatise 
 on , fever connected with , and anato- 
 mical examination, and dissection of, the lym- 
 pliatic vessels.
 
 LYM 
 
 LYMPHEURISME, s. f, lympheurisma, 
 n. Li. : morbid dilatation of the lymphatic 
 vessels, krankhafte Lymphgef'dsaerweiter- 
 ung, f. G. LYMPHOCHEZIE, s. f., lymph- 
 ochezia, f. L. : serous diarrhoea, lymph- 
 ahnlicher Durchf'all, G. LYMPHOSE, s. f., 
 lymphosis,f.L. : elaborationof the lymph. 
 
 LVS 
 
 LYRE, s. f. See CORPS Psalloide. 
 
 L.YSIS, s. f., F., et L M Xu<ri{ -. in Pa- 
 thology, the solution of a disease, finis 
 morbi per lysin, 1,., without apparent cri- 
 tical evacuation, die Lb'sung , die Be- 
 endigung einer Krankheit ohne merkliche 
 critische Ausleerung, G. 
 
 M. 
 
 MAC 
 
 MAC 
 
 MACERATION, s. f., maceratio, f. L., 
 Abzehrung, f. G. : long-continued immer- 
 sion of a solid substance in water at the 
 ordinary temperature of the atmosphere. 
 
 MACHELIER, adj.: an epithet applied, 
 in popular language, to the molar or grind- 
 ing teeth, see MOLAIRE. MACHER, v a., 
 masticare, L.., kauen, G., to masti- 
 cate, to crush with the teeth. 
 
 MACHINAL, adj., pnxayixos, mechani- 
 cus, L., mechanical : connected with, or 
 resulting from, the action of a machine, 
 MACHINE, s. f., ^x^avjj, machina, f. L., 
 Maschine, f. G. Movement machinal, F., 
 a mechanical movement. MECANIQUE. 
 
 MACHOIHE, s. f., .maxilla, f. JL-, <na.- 
 yui, Kinnlade, f., Kiefer, m., and f. G., 
 jaw : a term employed to designate the 
 osseous pieces which support the teeth, in 
 Vertebrated Animals. They are distin- 
 guished into the upper jaw, M . superieure, 
 maxilla vel mandibula superior, Ober- 
 Mefer, -kinnlade ; and lower, M. inferieur, 
 max. vel mandib. inferior, \Jnterkiefer, 
 -kinnlade. To the former, the term, Ma- 
 choire, maxilla, L., is, sometimes, ex- 
 clusively restricted ; and to the latter, 
 MANDIBULE. In the Bird-Class, both 
 jaws are named Mandibles, and constitute, 
 together, the beak or bill. The corres- 
 ponding organs of Insects consist of two 
 pairs : the superior, or mandibula ; the in- 
 ferior, maxillae. They act transversely, 
 not vertically, as in the Vertebrata. 
 
 MACIS, s. m., f.L., Muskatenblvithe, 
 f.G., mace : the arillus, see ARILLE, 
 of the nutmeg ; aromatic and stimulant. 
 German Officinal Preparations : an Essenti- 
 al Oil, and Tincture, Muskatblumenol, 
 und -Tinctur. See MUSCADE. 
 
 MACRE, s f. : a genus, in Botany, Trapa 
 ( Tetrandria,monogyn. ; Hydrocharidete),L,. 
 die Stachelnuss,G., Water-caltrops. The 
 fruit of T. natans, Chataigne d'eau, F., 
 die schwimmende,S7acAe/ttttss, G., an .Eu- 
 ropean water-plant, farinaceous and alimen- 
 tary, is, by some, pronounced poisonous. 
 
 MACROBIOTIQUE, adj., ,axja/ara;, 
 longsevus,L., langlebend,G. long-lived. 
 L'Art macrobiotique, F., the art of longe- 
 vity, a fiax^eSiartis- See Hufeland, Ma- 
 krobiotik, oder die Kunst das menschlichc 
 Leben zu verl'dngern, 8vo. Wien, 1832. 
 
 361 
 
 MACROCEPHALE, adj., fn.a.xpoxi<fa.^oi, 
 grosskb'pfig, G., great-headea : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Zoology, to a species of 
 the genus, Physeter, among the zoophagous 
 Cetacea ; and of Gobius, G. macrocephalus, 
 among osseous Fishes. MACROCEPHALIE, 
 s. f., macrocephalia, f. L. : a genus of or- 
 ganic deviations ; comprizing those which 
 are characterized by excessive volume of the 
 head. MACROCHEIRIE, s. f., macrochei- 
 ria, f. L. : a genus of organic deviations ; 
 characterized by an inordinate development 
 of the hand, %t7. Maxo%ti, adj ., long- 
 handed. 
 
 MACROCARPE,adj. ftaxgoxapros, gl'OSS- 
 
 friichtig, G. : an epithet applied to plants, 
 which, like Panax macrocarpus, produce 
 large fruit. MACROCALYCE, adj. (same, and 
 xtiXvZ,, a calyx), to plants, which, like Pri- 
 mula macrocalyx, exhibit a large calyx. 
 
 MACROCOSMS, s. m., macrocosmus, m. 
 (pux^s, great, xinr^m, world), L., dergrosse 
 Welt, G., the universe. MACHOCOSMO- 
 LOGIE, s. f., macrocosmologia, t. L., the 
 doctrine of the universe. 
 
 MACRODACTYLIE, s. f., macrodactylia, 
 f. (paxgo;, great, laxrvKo;, a finger), L. : a 
 genus of organic deviations ; characterized 
 by excessive development of the fingers. 
 
 MACRONOSIE, s. f., fta.x/>ovo<rta, macro- 
 nosia,f.L., lingering chronic disease, die 
 langwierige chronische Krankheit, G. 
 
 MACROPETALE, adj. (pKxgos, large, viro.- 
 Xav, a petal) : MACROPHYLLE, adj., ftx- 
 xffo<pu*.*.i>s, grossblattrig,G.: epithets em- 
 ployed, in Botany, to respectively desig- 
 nate plants which, as Delphinium macrope- 
 lalum, possess flowers with large petals ; and, 
 as Magnolia macrophylla,are furnished with 
 large leaves. 
 
 MACROPHYSOCEPHALE, s. m., macro- 
 physocephalus, m. (^axgof, great, ipuVa, 
 air, xsipaXw, the head), I* : emphysematous 
 enlargement of the head of the fcetus ; ob- 
 structing delivery. 
 
 MACRO FNEE,s.f., ftaxporvoia, macrop- 
 nosa, f. L., a deep and long respiration. 
 MaxfoVvas,-, adj., long-breathed. 
 
 MACROPODIE, s. f., macropodia, f. (^a- 
 xfovrovs, long-footed), L. : a genus of orga- 
 nic deviations ; characterized by extraordina- 
 ry development of the feet. In like manner, 
 the terms, MACROPROSOPIE, s. f., macro-
 
 MAG 
 
 prosopia, f. (^axgov, xyxrafni, the face), L. ; 
 MACROTRACHELIE, s. f., macrotrachelia, 
 f, ((Kaxgar^o^JiAof, long-necked), L. ; and 
 MACROSK.ELIE, s. f., macroskelia, f. (<u- 
 xo<r*exij, long-legged), L., are employed 
 to respectively Aesignakeorganicdeviations; 
 characterized by inordinate development of 
 the. face; legs; and neck. 
 
 MAcaoRRHizE,adj., fiaxgopp'igos, gross- 
 wurzlich, G., large-rooted : Ex. in Bota- 
 ny, Convolvulus macrorrhizus. 
 
 MACRORRHYNQ.UE, adj., paxgoppuyxo;, 
 long-beaked, mit grossem Schnabel, G. 
 Ex. in Ornithology, Otus macrorrhynchus ; 
 in Helminthology, Ttenia macrorrhyncha. 
 
 MACROURE, adj., macrourus (paxgo;, 
 long, OU^K, a tail), L., langschwanzig, G., 
 long-tailed. Ex. among the Mammifera, 
 Petaurista macroura. Synon. with MACRO- 
 CERQ.UE, adj., paxgoxigxos, macrocercus, 
 Ii. MACROURES, s. m., pi., Macroura,^,. : 
 a Family of Decapodous Crustacea, as the 
 Astacini, and Palinurini, with long tails. 
 
 MACHE, s. f. : a genus of Acephalous 
 Mollusca, Mactra, L. ; belonging to the 
 Class, Conchifera, of modern Malacology, 
 and comprizing many species, some of 
 which, as M. lisor,F., M. stultorum, der 
 Strahlkorb,G., are edible. The flesh of M. 
 poivree, M.piperita, has an acrid flavour. 
 
 MACULE, s. f., macula, f. L., a-H-rAo?, 
 Fleck, m. G., spot. Maculae, L. pi., die 
 Flecken, G. : the eighth Order of Cutane- 
 ous Diseases; comprehending Ephelis, see 
 EPHELIDE, Nevus, and Spilus, in Wil- 
 lan's Arrangement. MAcuLE,adj., spot- 
 ted : as, in Botany, Arum maculatum, 
 dasjleckiffe Arum, G. 
 
 MADAROSE, s. f., p.o$<t^u<ns (production 
 of baldness), madarosis,f. L., & jailing of 
 the hair, especially iheeye-lashesr -AasAus- 
 fallen der Haarebea. der Augenwimpern,G. 
 
 MADISTERION, S. m., ^aS/ff-TJ^av, Vol- 
 
 sella, f. L., Haarzange, f. G., tweezers: 
 an instrument for plucking out hairs. 
 
 MADEFACTION, s. f., rnadefactio, f. L., 
 ii<yetvffis, Befeuchtung, G. : the act of 
 moistening ; the state of being moistened. 
 
 MAGISTRAL, adj., magistralis, L. : an 
 epithet applied toremedies, verschriebene 
 Arzneien, G., which are the subjects of 
 extemporaneous prescription. See Ex. 
 
 TEMPORANE, 6t OFFICINAL. 
 
 MAGNESIE, s.f., magnesia, f.L., Tal- 
 kerde, Bittersalzerde,f. G. : oxide of, MAG- 
 NESIUM, m. F., n. L.., and G., a metal 
 constituting its base. M. aeree, blanche, 
 crayeuse, F., maynes. ae'rata, alba, L. : 
 the ancient name of carbonate, or sub-car- 
 bonate, of magnesia, Carbonas, vel sub- 
 carbonas, magnesia, L., kohlensaure Tal- 
 kerde, kohleiisauerliche Magnesia, car- 
 bonsaures Magnesiumoxyd, G. caus- 
 tique, ou calcinee, M. caustica, usta, vel 
 calcinata, reine, gebrannte, atzende, oder 
 362 
 
 MAG 
 
 luftleere Magnesia : pure oxide of magne- 
 sia, MagnesiumoxydjG., deprived of its 
 carbonic acid by calcination. Sulfate de , 
 sulphas magnesia, schwefelsaure Magne- 
 sia, Talkerde,oder Bittererde,schwefel- 
 saures Magniumoxyd, sulphate of mag- 
 nesia. In addition to these Preparations, 
 the French, and Germans, have a Compound 
 Powder, Pulvis de Magnesia 1 compositus, 
 Ph. Gall., Vogler'sSaurebrechendes Pul- 
 ver, G. ; and Troches, Tabellse de Mag- 
 nesia, Magnesiakugelchen, of magnesia. 
 MAGNESIEN, adj., magnesianus, L., 
 containing, or consisting of, magnesia ; as, 
 in Geology, the magnesian limestone, Cal- 
 caire Alpine, F., Zechstein, G. 
 
 MAGNETIQUE, adj., magneticus, L.., 
 magnetisch, G. : belonging, or relating, to 
 the magnet, ptiyvv;, ftoiyvtiris, der Mag- 
 net.G.; as the magnetic fluid, Fluide mag- 
 nztique, F. MAGNETISME, s.m., Magne- 
 tismus, m. L., and G., magnetism : that 
 pare of Physics which regards the proper- 
 ties of the magnet. This is termed mine- 
 ral, in order to distinguish it from animal 
 magnetism, see MAGNET ISEUR. The in- 
 timate connection, or identity, of the phe- 
 nomena of the former with those of elec- 
 tricity have, at length, been clearly esta- 
 blished. MAGNETOLOGIE, s. f., magne- 
 tologia, f. (same, and xyj, a discourse), L., 
 die Lehre von der Wirkung des Magne- 
 ten, G., a Treatise on the action of the 
 Magnet ; like that published by Leotandi, 
 in 1668. MAGNETOMETRE, s. m., mag- 
 netometrum, n. (same, and pir^/iv, a mea- 
 sure), L., Magnetometer, G., and E. : an 
 instrument, destined to appreciate the at- 
 tractive power of the magnet on iron. 
 
 MAGNETISEUR, s. m. : a practitioner of 
 animal magnetism, der thierische Magne- 
 tismus,G., a. special principle, hypotheti- 
 cally admitted to explain certain obscure 
 and ill-defined phenomena which are sup- 
 posed to reside particularly in the nervous 
 system, and to be susceptible of transmis- 
 sion from one living body to another by 
 contact, mere approach, or even an effort 
 of volition. MAGNETISEH, v. a., to mag- 
 netize, or apply the animal magnetic fluid 
 to the cure of disease, or excite its effects 
 in a healthy subject. 
 
 MAGNOLIEH, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Magnolia ( Polyandria, polygn.), L., der 
 Gurkenbaum, G. ; constituting the type 
 of the MAGNOLIACEES, s. f., pi., Magno- 
 liacete, L., a Natural Family of dicotyle- 
 donous polypetalous plants, with hypogy- 
 nous stamens. The bark of a North Ame- 
 rican species, M. glauca, is employed as a 
 febrifuge, under the French designation of 
 Quinquine de Virginie. This species is 
 termed Beaver-tree, Arbrede Castor, F., 
 der Biberbaum.G., from the avidity with 
 which the beaver devours its roots.
 
 MAL 
 
 MAHOGAN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Swietenia f Decandria, monoyyn. ; Meliace- 
 <s), L., der Mahagonibaum, G., Maho- 
 gany-tree. The bark of S.febrifuga, a na- 
 tive of Coromandel, possesses the anti-py- 
 retic properties of Cinchona. 
 
 MAILLET, s. m., mallea, f. L., Schla- 
 gel, m. G., mallet : an instrument, em- 
 ployed to strike the gouge in divers ana- 
 tomical and surgical processes and opera- 
 tions ; and the needle in acupuncturation. 
 
 MAIN, s. f., manus, f. L., #'?> 
 
 Hand, G., and E. : in Comparative Ana- 
 tomy, that portion of the thoracic limb of 
 man, and of the thoracic and pelvic limbs 
 of the Quadrumana, which extends from 
 the carpal articulation of the former, and 
 the carpal and tarsal of the latter, to the 
 extremities of the fingers ; and serves as 
 an organ of prehension and of touch : in 
 Entomology, the anterior tarsus of hexapo- 
 dal Insects : in Malacology, the two ex- 
 treme joints of the claw of the Crustacea. 
 See Bell's Treatise on the Hand, 8vo. Lon- 
 don, 1833. Sometimes employed, in Bo- 
 tany, as the synonym of VRILLE. 
 
 MAIS, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Zea 
 (Monoecia, triandr. ; Graminece), L., der 
 Mays, G., Indian Corn. The grain of Zea 
 mays, Indianisches Korn, G., an Ameri- 
 can species, is farinaceous and alimentary. 
 
 MAL, s. m., malum, n. L., Uebel, n. 
 G. : a term expressive, in popular lan- 
 guage, of disease, pain, or suffering. Exs. 
 M. caduc, see EPILEPSIE ; Francois, 
 morbus Gallicus, L-, see SYPHILIS : M. de 
 dent, see ODONTALGIE ; de lite, dolor 
 capitis, L., see CEPHALALGIE : M. de 
 mer, nausea marina,L., die Seekrankheit, 
 G., sea-sickness. 
 
 MALACIE, s. f., malacia, f. (^aXax/a, 
 effeminacy), L. : according to some au- 
 thors, a synonym of Pica ; to others, an 
 exclusive longing for one kind of aliment, 
 with disgust for common articles of diet, 
 frequently attendant on chronic gastritis, 
 especially in the chlorotic and pregnant 
 female. 
 
 MALACODERME, adj., ^aXaxoSj^aj, 
 soft-skinned. MALACODERMES, s. m., pi., 
 according to Cuvier, a Family of Penta- 
 merous Coleoptera, with soft bodies and ely- 
 tra ; to Kraus, A.nin\aliamalacoderma,ii., 
 a synon. of Mollusca, see MOLLUSQUE. 
 
 MALACOPTERYGIEN, adj. (pa^a*os, soft, 
 rrift/%, a fin), weichgratig, weichstrah- 
 lig,G., soft-finned. MALACOPTERYGIENS, 
 s. m., pi., Malacopterygii, L. : an Order 
 of Osseous Fishes ; comprizing those the 
 rays of whose fins are soft, as in Salmo. 
 Opposed, in signification, to ACANTHOPTE- 
 RYGIENS, s. m,, pL, Acanthopterygii , (&- 
 xavta, a spine, -rri^ul, a fin), L., the de- 
 signation of an Order of Osseous Fishes ; 
 furnished, as Perca, with spiny fin-rays. 
 
 363 
 
 MAL 
 
 MALACOSARCOSE, s. f., malacosarcosis, 
 
 f. L., softness of flesh. MaXaxoo-ajxoy, 
 adj., having soft flesh. 
 
 MALACOSTEOSE, s. f., malacosteosis, f. 
 (fia.).a.xos, soft, offrio*, a bone), malacosis vel 
 mollities ossium,L., softening of the bones, 
 Knochenweichkeit, f. G. 
 
 MAL ACOS TRACES, s. m., and adj., pL, 
 
 Malacostraca, L. : a term, compounded of 
 ftaXaxo;, soft, and b'<rr?ccxoy, a shell; and em- 
 ployed, by Blainville, to designate the 
 Class, Crustacea. Leach has distributed 
 the animals composing this, into two Sub- 
 classes, Entomostraca, ENTOMOSTRACES, 
 and Malacostraca. See his Malac. Po- 
 dophthalma Britannia, 4to, 1817-21. 
 
 MALACOZOAIRES, s. m., and adj., pi., 
 Malacozoa (same, and aov, an animal), L. : 
 an epithet employed, by Blainville, to de- 
 signate soft-bodied animals, die, Weich- 
 thiere, G. ; and, consequently, synon. with 
 Mollusca, seeMoLLUSQUE. In like man- 
 ner, he proposes to substitute the terms, 
 OSTEOZOAIRES,ENTOMOZOAIRES, plural 
 compounds of orriw, a bone, and 'ivroftov, an 
 insect, with ov, an animal, and ACTI- 
 NOZOAIRES, tor the Vertebrata, Articulata, 
 
 and Radiata, see VERTEBRES, ARTI- 
 
 CULES, RABIES, of preceding zoologists. 
 MALACOLOGIE, s. f., malacologia, f. L., 
 the doctrine of the Malacozoa, or molluscous 
 animals. MALACOLOGISTE, s. m., mala- 
 cologista, m. L. : a student of malacology. 
 
 MALACTIQUE, adj., (utXaxTixoi, ma- 
 lacticus, L. Synon. with EMOLLIENT. 
 
 MALADIE, s. f., v'airo;, morbus, m. L., 
 Krankheit, f. G., disease : a term em- 
 ployed to designate every derangement of 
 function, but, more correctly, alteration of 
 structure, of the animal organs. MALADE, 
 adj., voffvgos, morbosus, krank, diseas- 
 ed, sick : substantively used to signify a 
 patient, or individual, votrvfianxos, seger, 
 segrotus, Kranke, suffering from sick- 
 ness or disease. MALADRERIE, s. f., no- 
 socomium, n. L., Siechhaus, n. G., a la- 
 zaretto, hospital, or infirmary. 
 
 MALAIRE, adj., malaris, L., malar, 
 belonging to, or forming part of, the cheek, 
 mala, f. L., die Wange, G. : an epithet 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate one 
 of the facial bones, Os malaire, zygoma- 
 tique, ou de la pommette, F., os iate,ju- 
 gale, vel zygomaticum, L., das Wangen- 
 bein, G., malar or cheek-bone : also, a pro- 
 cess, Apophyse malaire, ou zygomatique,F., 
 processus jugalis vel zygomaticus, 
 Wanoenfortsatz des Oberkiefers und des 
 Schlafenbeins, G., of the superior maxil- 
 lary and temporal, whereby they are con- 
 nected with the malar bone : the two latter 
 constituting, by their union, the zygoma. 
 
 MALATE, s. m., malas, n. L. : a genus 
 of salts, apfelsaure Salze, G., resulting 
 from combination of an acid, Acide ma-
 
 MAM 
 
 lique, F., acidum malicum, L., Aepfel- 
 saure, G., which exists in the apple, 
 wia/wm,L., der Apfel,G., and analogous 
 fruits, with salifiable bases. 
 
 MALE, s. m., and adj., masculinus, 
 &fptiv, belonging to the male sea; : an epi- 
 thet employed, in Anatomy, and Zoology, 
 to designate the organs, die mannllchen 
 Geschlechtsorgane,G., which character- 
 ize thewiatesex, cippwyivos ; and theindi- 
 viduals who possess them : in Botany, a 
 plant, or flower, flos masculus, I;., mdnn- 
 liche Bliithe, G., furnished only with 
 male organs, or stamens. 
 
 MALICHORIUM, s. m., malicorium, n. 
 L., ftSio. See GREXADE. 
 
 MALIN, adj., xaxoMm . an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Pathology, to diseases, bosart- 
 ige Krankheiten, G., which exhibit the 
 characters of Malignity, MALIGNITE, s. 
 f., malignitas, f. L., Bosartigkeit, f.G. ; 
 as a malignant fever, Fievre maliyne, F., 
 febris maligna,Tj., bosartiges Fieber,G., 
 or sore, Ulcere malm, F. 
 
 MALLEABLE, adj., malleabilis, L., 
 geschmiedig, hammerbar, schmiedbar, G. : 
 an epithet applied to metals which possess, 
 like iron, the properties of malleability, 
 MALLEABILITY, s. f., Geschmiedigkeit, 
 Schmiedbarkheit, f. G. 
 
 MALLEOLE, s. m., malleolus, m. L., 
 ro fftpuqov, Knochel,m.G., ancle: in An- 
 thropotomy, the two projections formed 
 by the leg-bones, at their tarsal extremit}'; 
 the internal, M. interne, F., mall, inter- 
 nus, L., by the tibia ; the external, aus- 
 serer Knochel, G., by the fibula. MAL- 
 LEOLAIRE, adj., malleolaris, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied to the internal and external 
 malleolar arteries, Arteres malleolaires, 
 die J5TnocA/schlagadern, branches of the 
 anterior tibial, distributed on the ancles. 
 
 MALVACEES, s. f., pi., Malvaceae, L. : a 
 Natural Family of dicotyledonous polype- 
 talous plants, with hypogynous stamens ; 
 having, for type, the genus, Malva, see 
 MAUVE. 
 
 MAMELLE, s. f., mamma, f. L., p.9- 
 ros, Brust, f. G. : in Anatomy, a glandu- 
 lar organ, peculiar to Mammifera ; imper- 
 fectly developed in the male; and destined, 
 in female, for the secretion of milk. MA- 
 MELLiFERE,adj. Syn. with MAMMIFERE. 
 
 MAMELOK, s. m., mamilla, papilla, f. 
 
 L., 6fari, Brustwarze, f. G., nipple, 
 
 teat : in Anatomy, a conical tubercle, si- 
 tuated in the centre of the mammary gland, 
 and surrounded, at the base, by a coloured 
 disk, see AREOLE. Mamelons du rein: 
 the projections formed by the summits 
 of the cones of the tubular substance of 
 the organ, in the pelvis of the kidney. 
 MAMELONE, adj., mamillatus, L., war- 
 zenfb'rmig, zitzenfb'rmig, G.: exhibiting 
 tubercles, of the figure of a nipple. 
 
 364 
 
 MAM 
 
 MAMILLAIRE, adj., mamillaris, L., 
 resembling a nipple, MAMELON : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Anatomy, 1 ., to certain 
 eminences, Emin. mamillaires, F., which, 
 corresponding to the convolutions of the 
 brain, exist on the internal surface of the 
 cranial bones; and, 2. two white rounded, 
 medullary tubercles, Tubercles mamillaires 
 ( pisiformes, Ch.), eminences mamill. ou 
 blanches, F., corpora mamillaria vel albi- 
 cantia, L., warzenformige Korper, G. ; 
 connected by a slender band of soft grey 
 matter, which forms the floor of the third 
 ventricle ; and situated in the base, of the 
 brain. The olfactory nerves were, more- 
 over, termed, by the older anatomists, 
 Processus mamillares cerebri ad nares. In 
 Botany, to plants which, as Euphorbia 
 mamillaris, resemble, in figure, a nipple. 
 
 MAMMAIHE, adj., mammarius, relat- 
 ing to the breast, mamma, L., see MA- 
 MELLE : as, 1. a g land, Glande mammaire, 
 F., the secretory organ of the milk : 2. 
 Arteries ; of which, a. the internal, Artere 
 mamm. interne ( sous-sternale, Ch.), F., 
 innere .Brasfechlagader, G., a branch 
 of the subclavian, finally anastomozes 
 with the Epigastric : b. the superior, and, 
 c. the inferior external mammary, supplied 
 by the axillary ; theirs/, art. mammaire 
 externe superieure ( la premiere des thora- 
 ciques, Ch.), passing between the Pectoralis 
 major and minor, muscles, to which it is 
 principally distributed ; the second, Art. 
 mamm. externe inferieure (la deuxieme des 
 thoraciques, Ch.), expended principally 
 upon the breast, and adjacent muscles and 
 integuments. 3. Of the veins, Veines mam- 
 maires,~F., die jE?rs<venen,G., the right 
 internal, Veine mamm . interne du cote droit, 
 pours its blood into the superior cava ; 
 the left, into the corresponding subclavian : 
 the external mammary, right and left, into 
 the axillary of their respective sides. 
 
 MAMMAL, adj., mammalis, L : an epi- 
 thet substantively employed to designate 
 animals, die Saugthiere, G., belonging 
 to Class, Mammalia. See MAMMIFEBE. 
 
 MAMMALOGIE, s. f., mammalogia, f. 
 L. : a base and barbarous compound of the 
 Latin, mamma, a breast, and the Greek, 
 xy5, a discourse; and intended to desig- 
 nate that part of Zoology which treats on 
 Mammalia or Mammiferous Animals. Evi- 
 dently the invention of a dolt, ^a^axau- 
 6/>s, and sanctioned only by old women, 
 a.1 (*.u.ppitti. MAMMALOGISTE, s. m., mam- 
 malogist : in the real acceptation of the 
 term, not a student of the Mammifera ; but 
 one who talks about his grandmother. 
 
 MAMMIFERE, adj., mammiferus (mam- 
 ma, a breast, fero, to carry), L. mammife- 
 rous : a term, MAMMIFERES, s. m. pi., 
 Mammifera, L., correctly employed, in 
 Zoology, to designate a Class or Animals,
 
 MAN 
 
 including all those which are furnished 
 with a mammary gland, and, consequently, 
 suckle their young : the Mammalia, of 
 Linnaeus, Mastozoa, of modern zoologists. 
 
 MAMMIFORME, adj., tnammiformis, L. 
 See MASTOIDE. 
 
 MANDIBULAIRE, adj., mandibularis, 
 L.., mandibular : pertaining to the man- 
 dible or mandibles, MANDIBULE, a. f., 
 see MACHOIRE. 
 
 MANDRAGORE, s. m. : in Botany, a spe- 
 cies, belonging to the genus, Atropa, see 
 BELLADONNE. The mandrake, A. man- 
 drac/ora, a ^avS^ayaja;, die Mandragora, 
 Abraun, G., an European plant, the sub- 
 ject of many popular fictions and supersti- 
 tions, is purgative. 
 
 MANDUCATION, s. f. See MASTICATION. 
 
 MANGANESE, s. m., manganesium, n. 
 L., Manganes, Braunsteinmetall, n. G. : 
 a solid metal, discovered, by Scheele and 
 Gahn, in 1774. Exists in nature, only in 
 the state of oxide, Braunsteinoxyd, G. 
 German Officinal Preparations : A Muri- 
 ate, and Sulphate, Salzsaures. und Schwe- 
 felsaures Braunsteinoxyd; and an Ace- 
 tate, Essigsaurer Braunstein. 
 
 MANGANESIEN, adj., manganesius, L., 
 manganesian : containing manganese. 
 
 MANIACAL, adj., pxvixos, maniacalis, 
 L., rasend, wahnsinnig, G., maniacal: 
 exhibiting the characters of, or pertaining 
 to ; MANIAQUE, s. m., /tamo.;, mani- 
 acus, L., wahnsinnige, m. G., maniac, 
 an individual affected with, MANIE, s. f., 
 (tan'ia,, mania, f. L., Raserie, Tollheit, f. 
 G., raving madness : a species of mental 
 alienation, characterized by lesion of one, 
 or more, of the intellectual faculties, or 
 by blind propensity to acts of violence. 
 Exhibited only on one subject, it is term- 
 ed MONOMANIE. 
 
 MAVILUVE, ou MANULUVE, s. m., 
 maniluvium, n. L,., Handbad, n. G., 
 hand-bath, see BAIN. 
 
 MANIOC, s. m. : in Botany, a species of 
 Jatropha, see MEDICINIER. Tnefecula 
 of the root of the Cassava, J. manihot, 
 Manihot,Maniok,G., is employed, in diet, 
 by the name of Tapioca, Tapioka, G. 
 
 MANNE, s. f., Manna, f. L., and G., 
 man, of the Hebrew, and mann, or mannon, 
 of Arabian writers: in Materia Medica, a 
 mucoso-saccharine exudation from the 
 trunks of Fraxinus ornus, et rotimdifolia. 
 Three varieties are distinguished in com- 
 merce : 1. Manna in the tear, M. en lar- 
 mes, F., M. in Kornern, G., the purest ; 
 2. the flaky, Rohen-Manna, G. ; and 3. 
 the flat, M. grasse, F., impure. MAN- 
 NIT E, s. f., mannita, f. L., MannastofF, 
 Mannazucker, m. G.: a kind of sugar, dis. 
 covered, by Prout, in Manna. 
 
 MANNEQUIN, s. in., Gliedermann, m. 
 G., mannikin : an apparatus, made in re- 
 365 
 
 MAR 
 
 semblance of the human figure, or merely 
 of the female abdomen and pelvis; and em- 
 ployed for the instruction of students in 
 the application of bandages, and practice 
 of Obstetrics. 
 
 MANTEAU, s, m., r^iSav, paleum, n. 
 L., Mantel, m. G., cloak or mantle : 
 the cutaneous and fleshy envelope which 
 invests the interior of the shell of the 
 Conchifera. 
 
 MANUSTRUPATION, s. f. See MASTUR- 
 BATION. 
 
 MAQUEREATJ, s. m.: in Ichthyology, a 
 species of genus, Scomber, see SCOMBRE. 
 The mackerel, S. scomber, die Makrele, 
 G., is highly prized, as an article of diet. 
 
 MARASME, s. m., ^ajao-^a;, Maras- 
 mus, m. L., and G. : extreme wasting of 
 flesh, Maigreur, F. MARASMOPS-RE, s. f., 
 marasmopyra, f. L., Zehrfieber, n. G., 
 hectic fever. 
 
 MARAIS, s. m., s'Xaj, palus, f. L., 
 Morast, Sumpf, m. G., marsh, swamp, 
 bog. Marsh-fever, Fievre de marais,F. ; 
 a marsh or io^r-plant, Sumpfpfianze, G. 
 MARECAGEUX, adj., iKu^ns, paludosus, 
 morastig, sumpfig, marshy, or growing 
 in a marsh ; as Equisetum palustre, das 
 tfwmjo/schaftheu, G., marsh Horse-tail. 
 
 MARBRE, s. m., ^0.^0.^, Marmor, 
 m. L., and G., marble : compact carbo- 
 nate of lime. Martortisch, m. G., a.mar- 
 ble-slab ; mortarium marmoreum, L., a 
 marble mortar. 
 
 MARC, s. m., ^ay^a, magma, n. L., 
 Trester, pi. G., dregs. M. d 'olives, de 
 raisin, F. : the refuse of the olive, and the 
 grape, after expression of the oil and juice, 
 respectively, from them. 
 
 MARGARATE, s. m., margaras, n. L. : 
 in Chemistry, a genus of salts, margarin- 
 saure Salze, G., resulting from combina- 
 tion of margaric acid with salifiable bases. 
 This acid, Acide maryarique, F., is the 
 product of the treatment of fat with an al- 
 cali. MARGARINE, s. f., margarina, f. L,., 
 Margarinfett, n. G. : the original desig- 
 nation of a substance, since proved to be 
 margarate of Soda or Potass. 
 
 MARGINAIRE, adj. : an epithet applied 
 to one of the six osseous pieces, Pos mar- 
 gin, ou supplementaire, F., which consti- 
 tute the ramus of the lower jaw, in Birds, 
 and Reptiles. 
 
 MARGINAL, adj.,F.,etE., marginalis,L., 
 randstandig,G.: situated on the border, 
 see BORD. MARGINE, adj., marginatus, 
 L., gerandert,G., marginated : furnish- 
 ed with a margin. 
 
 MARINE, adj., marinus, quod mare in- 
 colit, L., 6a,Ka,ffffioi, marine, belonging to 
 the sea, zum Meer gehorig, G. : an epi- 
 thet employed, in Zoology, and Botany, 
 for the general or specific designation of 
 animals, and plants, which, as Kitta thalas-
 
 MAS 
 
 sina, and Procettarla pelagica, among sea- 
 birds, die Stee-vogel, G- ; Petromyzon >na- 
 rinus among sea-fishes, pisces marini, L., 
 die See-fische, G. ; and Zostera marina, a- 
 mong sea-plants, die Afeerpflanzen, G., 
 frequent the ocean, or inhabit its waters. 
 The term, MARITIME, adj., maritimus, 
 L,., lying near" the sea, an der See gele- 
 gen, G., might, on the other hand, be con- 
 veniently restricted to objects of Natural 
 History which, as Glaux maritima, grow, 
 or are found, in maritime situations, or the 
 coasts, ora maritima, L., die 5"ee-kusten, 
 G. A distinction, although often exhibited, 
 not hitherto rigorously observed, in com- 
 mon, nor even in scientific language. 
 
 MARMITE, s. f,, a seething-pot. de 
 Papin, olla Papiniana, L., Papin's di- 
 gester. 
 
 MARRONIER, s, m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 JEsculus (Heptandria, monogyn. ; Hippo- 
 castanetej, L., die Rosskastanie, G., 
 Horse-Chestnut. The bark, die Rosskas- 
 tanienrinde, of the common species, M. 
 hippocastanum, is febrifuge ; and some- 
 times employed as a substitute for that of 
 Cinchona. German Officinal Preparation : 
 an Extract, Rosskastanienextract. 
 
 MARRUBE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Marrubium ( Didynamia, gymnosperm. ; La- 
 biat(Bj,l>., derAndorn,G., Horehound. 
 The common white, M . vulgare, M. com- 
 mun, F., der weisse Andorn, G., TO -r^a,a- 
 iav, of the Greeks, is stimulant, and tonic. 
 An Extract of it, \Veissandornextract, 
 is prepared by the Germans, M. noir, 
 Ballota nigra, der schwarze stinkende 
 Andorn, G., black Horehound. 
 
 MARSUPIAL, adj., marsupialis, L.: an 
 epithet sometimes applied to the Obtura- 
 tor internus, muscle. MARSUPIAUX, s. m. 
 pi., Marsupialia, L., die Beutelthiere, 
 G. : in Zoology, an Order of Mammifera ; 
 comprehending those animals which, as 
 the Opossum and Kanguroo, have an ab- 
 dominal pouch, ftagtru-jnov, marsupium, n . 
 L., Beutel, m. G., see MASTOTHECIUE, 
 for the reception and development of 
 their young. For a figure of the marsu- 
 pial bones, ossa marsupialia, L., of the 
 female Kanguroo, see Home, Lectures on 
 Comparat. Anatomy, v. ii, pi. 5. 
 
 MARTEAU, s. m., malleus, m. L , 
 Hammer, m. G. : in Anatomy, the long- 
 est and most external of the bones of the 
 internal ear ; situated between the incus, 
 and membrana tympani to which it ad- 
 heres. For an account oi the muscles of 
 the malleus, see SPHENI-SALPINGO-, SAL- 
 PINGO-, and ACOUSTICO-MALLEEST. 
 
 MARTIAL, adj. SeeFERRUGiNEux. 
 
 MASQUE, s. m., Maske, f. G., mask : 
 a bandage, composed of linen, of the size 
 of the face, with holes corresponding to 
 the eyes, nostrils, and mouth; and applied 
 
 3C6 
 
 MAS 
 
 in burns, erysipelas, and other injuries, and 
 morbid affections, of the facial region. 
 
 MASSAGE, s. f. : in Hygiene, the action 
 of pressing, with the hand, divers parts of 
 the animal body, in order to excite the vi- 
 tality of the skin and subjacent tissues. 
 Commonly practised on leaving the bath. 
 MASSER, v. a. : pratiquer la massage, F. 
 
 MASSETER, s. m., and adj., p,a.<nrrirti, 
 masticatory, contributing to mastication: 
 a term employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate a muscle, f M. zygomato-maxillaire, 
 Ch.), Masseter,i,., yiereckigerKaumus- 
 kel, G., which extends from the inferior 
 border, and internal surface, of the zygo- 
 matic arch, to the angle, external surface, 
 and inferior border of the ramus of the 
 lower jaw. MASSETERIN, MASSETERIQUE, 
 adj., masseterinus, massetericus, L. : an 
 epithet applied to blood-vessels, and nerves 
 which are exclusively, or principally, dis- 
 tributed on the masseter ; as, 1. an artery, 
 Artere masseterine, die Kaumuskelschln- 
 gader, G., a branch of the internal max- 
 illary or posterior temporal; 2. a vein, 
 vena masseterina, L., which terminates 
 in the internal maxillary ; and, 3. a Nerve, 
 Nerf masseterin, furnished by the in- 
 ferior maxillary division of the Trifacial, 
 or Fifth cerebral nerve. 
 
 MASTIC, s. m., ^aa-T/'^j), Mastix, L., 
 and G. : in Materia Medica, a resinous 
 exudation from the Mastich-tree, Pisfa- 
 chia lentiscus, Lentisque, F., die Mastix- 
 pistachie,G. It was employed as a mastica- 
 tory by the ancient Greeks ; as it is, at pre- 
 sent, by the Turks : hence the name. The 
 Germans have an Officinal Simple and Com- 
 pound Spirit, Einfacher und .Zusammen- 
 gesetzter Mastixgeist, of the mastich. 
 
 MASTICATION, s. f., masticatio, f. L., 
 pawns, Kaiien, n. G., the act of chew- 
 ing. MASTICATOIRE, adj., masticatori- 
 us, L., masticatory : an epithet applied 
 to the instruments, and process, of masti- 
 cation ; and to substances, TO. fi.ufirnfj.vra, 
 masticatoria, L., die JTaumittel, G., 
 which are chewed in order to excite the 
 salivary secretion. 
 
 MASTITE, s. f., mastitis, f. (par;, the 
 breast), L. : inflammation of the (female) 
 breast, die Entziindung der (weiblichen), 
 Bruste, G. MASTOCARCINOME, s. m., 
 mastocarcinoma, n. (same, and xajxmw^a, 
 cancer), L., Brustkrebs, m. G., cancer 
 of the breast. MASTODYNIE, s. f., mas- 
 todynia, f. (same, and olmn, pain), L., 
 pain in the breasts, der Schmerz in den 
 Brusten, G., mammary neuralgia. 
 
 MASTOiDE,adj ftaffret'i'Sris, mastoidcs, 
 L., resembling a breast, or nipple ; as, in 
 Anatomy, the mastoid or mammillary pro- 
 cess, der Zt<zenfortsatz,G., of the tem- 
 poral bone, to which the cranial extremity 
 of the Sterno-cleido-mastoideus is attached.
 
 MAS 
 
 MASTOIDIEN, adj., mastokleus, L., 
 situated in, or connected with, the mastold 
 process, see MASTOIDE : an epithet ap- 
 plied, 1. to the mastoideal cells, Cellules 
 masto'idiennes, antrum mastoideum, L., of 
 Valsalva, which, occupying the interior 
 of the mastoid process, open by, 2- an orifice, 
 Ouverture mastoidienne, into the cavity 
 of the tympanum ; 3. the portion of the 
 temporal bone, P. mastoidienne du tempo- 
 ral^., das IVarzentheii^G., on which the 
 process is situated ; 4. a Groove, Gout- 
 tiere mastoidienne, on the internal surface 
 of that portion, forming part of the lateral 
 sinus ; 5. a Furrow, Rainure mastdidi- 
 enne, ou digastrique, existing on the in- 
 ner aspect of the mastoid process, and af- 
 fording attachment to the posterior belly 
 of the digastric muscle ; C. a Foramen, 
 Tron masto'idien, das PFr.zenbeinloch,G., 
 giving passage to a small artery of the du- 
 ra mater, and a vein which terminates in 
 the lateral sinus ; and, 7- the sterno-mas- 
 toid muscle, named by the older anatomists, 
 M. masto'idien ; by Winslow, Mast, antc- 
 rieur, to distinguish it from the Splenius, 
 Mastoid. posterieur ; and from the Corn- 
 plexus minor, vel Trachelo-mastoideus, M. 
 moyen ou lateral, of French Anatomists. 
 
 MASTOI'DO-CONCHINIEN, adj. : an epi- 
 thet applied, by Dumas, to the Posterior 
 Retrahens auris, muscle. 
 
 MASTOlDO-GfcNIEN, MASTOlDO-HYGk- 
 
 NIEN, s. m., and adj. : terms respectively 
 applied, by Chaussier, and Dumas ; as 
 MASTO-MAXILLIEN, by other anatomists, 
 to the Digastricus, muscle. 
 
 MASTODOLOGIE, MASTOLOGIE, s. f. : 
 terms proposed by French zoological writ- 
 ers, as substitutes for MAMMALOGIE ; 
 but yet objectionable, as expressing only 
 the doctrine of the mammary gland, not of 
 the Mammifera. See MASTOZOOLOGIE. 
 
 MASTOTHEQUE, s. f., mastotheca, f. 
 (ftairros, the breast, faun, pouch or purse), 
 marsupium abdominale, L., Zitzensack, 
 m. G. : a term applied, by Illiger, to the 
 cutaneous fold which, in the Marsupial 
 
 Mammifera, see MARSUPIAL, contains 
 
 the mammary organs. 
 
 MASTOZOAIRE, s. m., and adj., masto- 
 zoon, n. (ftao-ros, the mamma, t,aa\>, an ani- 
 mal), L., Saugthier, n. G. : a term em- 
 ployed, by Blainville, as syn. with MAM- 
 MAL, and MAMMIFERE. MASTOZOOLO- 
 GIE, s. f., mastozoologia, f. (same, and x- 
 yo;, a discourse), L. : the doctrine of mam- 
 miferous animals, heretofore incorrectly de- 
 signated MAMMALOGIE. MASTOZOOLO- 
 GISTE, s. m., mastozoologista, m. L. : a 
 student of Mastozoologj/. Mastozoolilhus, 
 s. m., L. : according to Kraus, a. fossil viam- 
 mifer, Saw^Aierversteinerung, f. G. 
 
 MASTUPKATION, MASTURBATION, s. f., 
 mastupratio, fl (manu, with the hand, 
 
 3G7 
 
 MAT 
 
 stupro, to defile), L.: Excitation des organes 
 ginitaux avec la main,F. More correctly, 
 mannstupralion. 
 
 MAT, adj., matt, G., dull : an epithet 
 applied, in Pathology, to the chest, Poi- 
 trine mate, F., when it emits, on percus- 
 sion, a dull or obscure sound, Son mat; 
 like that which results fr6m striking on 
 the arm or other solid organ. 
 
 MATIERE, s. f., materia, f. L., t/x, 
 matter : in ordinary language, every sub- 
 stance, which enters into the composition 
 of a body : in Physics, whatever produces, 
 or is capable of producing, on the animal 
 organs, an assemblage of determinate sen- 
 sations ; as the matter of heat, M. de la 
 Chaleur, ou Calorique : in Physiology, and 
 Pathology, employed as designative of 
 substances, matters, evacuated from the 
 stomach and bowels, M- des vomihements, 
 matieres Jecales, F. M. mcdicale, Materia 
 Medica, L., U'A largixri -. that branch of 
 medical science which involves the know- 
 ledge of medicinal agents, their action on 
 the animal economy, and mode of adminis- 
 tration. Materialista, s. m., L., Dro- 
 guiste, Arzeneiverkaufer, m. G. : merca- 
 tor qui medicamenta simplicia, quae Ma- 
 teriam Medicam constituunt, vendit, L. 
 
 MATRAS, s. m., Retorte, f. G., retoit : 
 a glass vessel, with long neck ; employed 
 in Chemistry, and Pharmacy. 
 
 MATRICAIRE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Matricaria ( Syngenesia, polygam. superfl. ; 
 Corymbiferae), L., das Mutterkraut, G. 
 An European species, M. des champagnes, 
 M. chamomilla, the wild chamomile, 
 is stimulant and cmmenagogue ; and phar- 
 maceutically employed, by the Germans, 
 see CAMOMILLE, for the Roman Chamo- 
 mile. The M. parthenium, Linn, is trans- 
 ferred, by modern botanists, to another ge- 
 nus, see PYRETHRE. 
 
 MATRICE, s. f., ^n'r^a, vrr'^x, matrix, 
 uterus.f. L., Gebarmutter,f. G., womb: 
 in Anatomy, and Zoology, the hollow and 
 symmetrical organ ; which, situated be- 
 tween bladder and rectum, in the pelvis 
 of the female Mammifera, is occupied by 
 the young throughout the period of utero- 
 gestation. See Wenzel, Ueber die Krank- 
 heitcn des Uterus, Folio. Mainz, 1816. In 
 Mineralogy, then on -metallic parts of me- 
 talliferous veins are termed the matrix. 
 
 MATRONE, s. f. Sage-femme, matrona, 
 f. L. See ACCOUCHEUSE. 
 
 MATURATIF, s. m., and adj. : an epithet 
 applied to topical remedies, Remedes matu- 
 ratifs, F., maturantia, L, ; which, as the 
 oily poultice, are calculated to accelerate 
 the maturation, MAT URATION, s. f. , ma- 
 turatio, f. L., Eiterung, f. G., or pro- 
 gress to maturity, MATURITE, s. f., ma- 
 turitas, f. L., Reife, Zeitigung, f. G., 
 of an abscess, or phlegmonous tumour.
 
 MAX 
 
 MAUVE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Mal- 
 va ( Monadelphia, potyandr. ; Malvaceae ^,L., 
 die Malve, oder Pappel, G., Mallow. 
 Several of the species medicinally employ- 
 ed, as emollient. 
 
 MAXILL AIRE , adj ., maxillaris, pertain- 
 ing to the jaws, maxillae, L., zu den 
 Kinnbacken, gehorig, G. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, 1. to certain bones, die 
 Maxillarknocben, G. ; of which there are, 
 a. the two superior, Os maxillaires superi- 
 eurs ( sus-maxillaires, Ch.), F., ossa 
 maxillaria superiora, L., -die Oberkiefern, 
 G., constituting the middle and anterior 
 part of the face, articulating with nearly 
 all the other facial bones, and supporting 
 the upper teeth ; and, b. the inferior, Os 
 maxillaire inferieur ( maxillaire, Ch.), 
 os maxillare inferius, der \Jnterkiefer, a 
 large symmetrical bone, forming the lower 
 part of the face, articulated with the tem- 
 poral bone, and lower teeth, and giving 
 attachment to fourteen pairs of muscles : 
 2 Glands, die Kinnbacltendrusen, G., 
 situated beneath the lower jaw, and ordi- 
 narily named the sub-maxitlary, see Sous- 
 MAXILLAIRE: 3. Arteries, of which there 
 are, a. the external maxillary, Artere max- 
 illaire extwne, see FACIAL ; b. the inter- 
 nal, Art. maxill. interne ( gutturo-max- 
 illaire, Ch.), innere JT/e/erarterie, G., 
 given off by the external carotid, and fur- 
 nishing twelve or thirteen branches to the 
 deep-seated parts of the facial region ; and, 
 c. the inferior, Art. maxill. inferieure, see 
 DENTAIRE, supplying the lower teeth : 
 4 Veins, Ve'mes maxillaires, exhibiting 
 the same disposition as the correspondent 
 arteries ; and, 5. Nerves ; of which, a. the 
 superior, Nerf maxillaire suptrieur, F., a 
 branch of the fifth, or TRIFACIAL, quits 
 the cranium by the foramen rolundum of 
 the sphenoid bone, and passes through the 
 infra-orbitary canal to be expended, in nu- 
 merous divisions, on the cheek ; and, b. 
 the inferior, y.maxill. inferieur, the third 
 and largest branch of the trifacial, issues 
 from the foramen ovale of the sphenoid 
 bone, and, after supplying the adjacent 
 muscles, divides, at the angle of the jaw, 
 into the gustatory, see GUSTATIF, dis- 
 tributed to the tongue and salivary glands, 
 and the inferior Dental, to the lower teeth 
 and chin. In Zoology, the palpi, Palpes 
 maxillaires, F., die 3/r.riWarfuhlspitzen, 
 G-, attached to the external border of the 
 maxillae of Insects. For an account of the 
 intermaxillary bone, der Zwischenkiefer, 
 G., see INTERMAXILLAIRE. 
 
 MAXILLO-ALVEOLI-NASAL.S. m.,et adj.: 
 a term applied, by Dumas, to the Depres- 
 sor alee nasi, muscle. See ABAISSEUR. 
 
 MAXILLO-LABIAL, s. m., and adj.: an 
 epithet applied, by Chaussier, to the De- 
 pressor anauli oris, muscle, Triangulaire 
 
 368 
 
 MEC 
 
 des Itvres, see ABAISSEUR ; as extending 
 from the inferior maxillary bone to the 
 angle of the lips. MAXILLO-LABII-NASAI. : 
 by Dumas, to the Lei-ator labii superioris 
 alaque nasi, see ELEVATEUR. 
 
 MAXILLO-NARINAL, s. m.,and adj.: the 
 term applied, by Dumas, to the Compres- 
 sor naris, muscle, see COMPRESSEUH. 
 MAXILLO-PALPEBRAL, and MAXILLO- 
 SCLEROTICIEN : by the same, respective- 
 ly, to the Orbicularis palpebrarum, and O- 
 lliqrius inferior oculi, see ORBICULAIRE, 
 et OBLIQUE. 
 
 MKAT, s. m., meatus, m. L , Gang, 
 m. G., passage or canal. M. AUDITIF, 
 Gehor^rt/^.G. cystique, the cystic duct. 
 urinaire, see URETRE. Meats des fos- 
 ses nasales : three deep channels of the nasal 
 fossse: the superior, situated beneath the 
 superior concha, see CORNET, and com- 
 municating with the posterior cells of the 
 ethmoid bone; the middle, below the eth- 
 moid cornet, c. media, superior spongy 
 bone, of British anatomists, opening, by 
 a double orifice, into the anterior ethmoid 
 cells and frontal sinus, above, below, into 
 the antrum maxillare ; and the inferior, 
 leading beneath the inferior spongy bone, 
 c. inferior, to the nasal duct. 
 
 MECANIQUE, s. f., ^ ^^av/xJ? (TE^HJJ), 
 mechanica (ars), L., die Mechanik, G., 
 Mechanics : that branch of Physical 
 Science which determines the effect to be 
 produced on a body by the application of 
 one or more forces. Employed, also, as 
 synon. with mechanism, M. du corps hu- 
 main. MECANIQUE, adj., ^^;av;x, me- 
 chanicus : relating to mechanics ; as the me- 
 chanical division, mechanische Theilung, 
 G., of crystals. MECHANISME, s. m., 
 Mechanismus, m. L., and G. : the assem- 
 blage of the parts of a machine; the struc- 
 ture of an organized body. 
 
 MECHE, s. f., tent : in Surgery, a roll 
 of linen, lint, or silk; introduced into a fis- 
 tulous wound, to excite suppuration, or 
 prevent the closure of the orifice. 
 
 MECHOACAN, s. m. : in Botany, a South- 
 American species of Convolvulus, see Li- 
 SERON. The root of C. mechoacanna pos- 
 sesses the same properties as, but is less 
 active than, that of Jalap. 
 
 MECONATE, s. m., meconas, n. ( /***&>, 
 the wild poppy), L. : a genus of salts, 
 mekonsaure Salze, G., resulting from the 
 combination of meconic acid with salifiable 
 bases. This acid, Acidemeconique, F., 
 acidum meconicum, L., die Mekon-, Opi- 
 um-, Mohnsaure, G., exists in opium, 
 combined with morphine; thus forming the 
 Miconate de morphine, F., to which opi- 
 um is principally indebted for its medicinal 
 properties. MECONINE, s. f., meconina, 
 r. L. : a peculiar crystalline substance, ex- 
 tracted from opium.
 
 MED 
 
 MKCONIUM, a.m., n. L.., fwxuvmv . in 
 Physiology, the dark-green or black excre- 
 ment, Kindspech, n. G., voided by in- 
 fants shortly after birth. Composed of 
 intestinal mucus and bile ; and containing, 
 as stated by Bouillon-Lagrange, fine hairs: 
 in Pharmacy, the inspissated juice, opi- 
 um, n.L., derMohnsaft.G., of the poppy. 
 
 MEDECIN, s. m., see IATRE. MEDE- 
 CINE, s.f., medicina, f.L., Arzneikunst, 
 f. G., see IATRICIUE : the science of the 
 preservation of health, and the cure of 
 diseases. It comprehends the study of 
 many other sciences ; and admits of seve- 
 ral divisions : as, 1. Theoretical Medicine, 
 see Gregory, Conspectus Medicines Theo- 
 retics, etc. ; 2. Practical, see Cyclopaedia 
 of Practical Medicine ; 3. Clinical, see 
 CLINIQ.UE ; 4. Chirurgical, M.operatoire, 
 see CHIRURGIE ; 5. Juridical or Foren- 
 sic, M. legate, F., medicina forensis, L,., 
 die gerichtliche Arzneiwissenschaft, G. ; 
 and, 6. Veterinary, seeVETERiNAiRE. In 
 vulgar language, the designation ofsiptiraa- 
 tivedose, Meaicin,Arzenei,f.G., physic. 
 
 MEDIAN, adj., medianus, situated in 
 the middle, medium, L. : an epithet em- 
 ployed to designate, 1. the imaginary line 
 which divides the body ; and the linea alba 
 abdominis, see LIGNE : 2. the anterior 
 and posterior spinal arteries, Arteres me- 
 dianes du rachis, given off by the verte- 
 bral : 3. the small artery, Arlcre mediane 
 du sacrum, ou sacree moyenne, F., arteria 
 sacra media, L., which issues from the 
 point of bifurcation of the abdominal aor- 
 ta : 4. Certain superficial veins of the fore- 
 arm, dieAfe/iaadern,G., distinguished 
 into the basilick, M. BASILIQUE ; cepha- 
 lic, M. CEPHALIQUE; and common, M. 
 commune : 5. a brachial Nerve, Nerf me- 
 dian ( median digital, Ch.). F., which, 
 formed by the last two cervical and first 
 two dorsal, descends along the inner side of 
 the arm, and distributes its branches to the 
 fore-arm, palmar region, and fingers: 6. the 
 superior longitudinal sinus of the brain, 
 SINUS median du cerveau: 1. the/a/.r cere- 
 belli, Septum median du cervelet, FAUX : 
 and, 8. the middle finger, and to?, Doigt me- 
 dian de la main, et du pied, F. 
 
 MEDIASTIN, s. m., mediastinum, me- 
 dianum,n.L., -das Mittelfell, die Scheide- 
 wand der Brust, G. : in Anatomy, a mem- 
 branous partition resulting from the con- 
 nection of the pleurae, and dividing the 
 thorax into two lateral cavities. The an- 
 terior or pectoral mediastinum, M. anteri- 
 eur, F., med. pectorale, L., contains, a- 
 bove, the thymus gland, or its relics ; be- 
 low, a mass of adipose cellular tissue com- 
 municating with that of the abdomen. 
 The posterior or dorsal, M. posterieur, 
 m. dorsale, is occupied by the oesopha- 
 gus, vena azygos, the thoracic duct, ter- 
 
 369 
 
 MED 
 
 initiation of the bronchia, and numerous 
 lymphatic glands. M. du cerveau, the 
 great falx cerebri, see FAUX. In Bota- 
 ny, the delicate transverse partition, disse- 
 pimentum, n. L., see CLOISON, of the 
 fruit of the Cruciferte. MEDIASTIN, adj., 
 mediastinal : an epithet applied to those 
 branches, arteriae mediastinae anteriores et 
 posteriores, L., of the thoracic aorta, 
 which are distributed on the cellular tissue 
 of the mediastinum. MEDIASTINITE, s. f., 
 mediastinitis, f. L., Entziindung des 
 
 Mittelfelles, G., inflammation of the 
 
 mediastinum. Kraus prefers Mesodmitis, 
 as the Latin synonym of Mediastinite. 
 
 MEDICAL, adj., mediculis, L., medi- 
 cinisch, G., relating to the science, or 
 professors, of medicine. 
 
 MEDICAMENT, s. m., medicamen, me- 
 dicamentum, pharmacum, n. L., ra pj- 
 paxw, Arzenei, , Arzeneymittel, l n. G., 
 medicine, drug : a substance employed 
 in the cure of diseases. MEDICAMEN- 
 TAIRE, adj., medicamentarius, L. : relat- 
 ing to the history, or preparation, of drugs. 
 Medicamentaria, f. L., the science, or 
 practice, of Pharmacy, ars confident!! 
 medicamenta. Medicamentarius, s. m.L., 
 an apothecary, see APOTHICAIHE. 
 
 MEDICAMENTEUX, MEDICINAL, adj., 
 medicamentosus, medicinalis, L., medi- 
 cinisch, heilkraftig, G., medicinal, appli- 
 cable to the cure of diseases. A medicinal 
 water, Eau medicinale, F., aqua medici- 
 nalis, L. : medicinal plants, herbae medica- 
 mentosce, L., //et/krauter, G. : a medicine- 
 chest, Arzeneykiste, f. G. 
 
 MEDICASTRE, s. m., medicaster, m.L., 
 Quacksalber, m. G., a charlatan. 
 
 MEDICATION, s. f., medicatio, f. L. : 
 the change effected in the animal economy, 
 by the administration of medicines, Ar- 
 zeneygebrauch, n. G. 
 
 MEDICINIEB, s. m. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Jatropha ( Monoecia, monadelph. ; Eu- 
 phorbiaceos), L., die Purgirnuss, G., 
 Physic-Nut; comprizing numerous exotic 
 species. The leaves of M. sauvage, J. gos- 
 sypifolia, are puraati ve : and the seeds, Pig- 
 nons d'lnde, of M. cathartique, J. curcas, 
 both South-American plants, violently 
 cathartic. The latter yield, also, a peculiar 
 acid, see JATROPHATE. For the produce 
 of the root of J. manihot, see MANIOC. 
 
 MEDULLAIRE, adj., medullaris, I*, 
 markig, G., medullary, belonging to the 
 marrow, see MEDULLE : an epithet, in 
 Anatomy, employed to designate, 1. that 
 System, Systeme medullaire, F., which, 
 in the Anatomie Generate, of Bichat, in- 
 cludes the substance of the marroiv of the 
 bones, Sucme~dullaire } Y. y KnochenmarA, 
 G., its investing membrane, M. medul- 
 laire, and canal, canalis medullaris, L,. : 
 2. the Arteries, Arteres medullaires, F., 
 
 2B
 
 MEL 
 
 which penetrate the interior of bones to 
 nourish the medulla : 3. the white or inte- 
 rior substance, S. blanche, ou medullaire, 
 flu cerveau, F., medulla cerebri, L-, das 
 Markim Him, G., of the brain: and, 4. 
 that portion, Substance medullaire, more 
 commonly termed the tubular substance, 
 of the kidney, see REIN. In Morbid 
 Anatomy, according to Abernethy,a varie- 
 ty of malignant tumour, medullary sarcoma. 
 
 MEDULLE,S., medulla, f. I;., Mark, 
 n. G. : a term, in Anatomy, synon. with 
 MOELLE : in Botany, the pith of ligneous 
 plants; distinguished, by Dutrochet, into 
 the central or proper, M. centrale, F., 
 and the cortical, M. corticale, which cor- 
 responds to the herbaceous envelope, of 
 other botanists. Medulla panis, L., Brod- 
 krume, f. G., crumb of bread. MEDUL- 
 I.INE, s. f., medullina, f. L. : a term ap- 
 plied, by John, to the pith of plants, espe- 
 cially that of Sambucus and Helianthus. 
 
 MEDUSE, s. f., F., and G. : in Actinozo- 
 ology, a genus of marine animals, Medu- 
 sa, t. L., whose body, resembling a mass 
 of jelly, becomes phosphorescent at night; 
 and excites, when brought into contact 
 with the human organs, itching and erysi- 
 pelatous inflammation. See ACALEPHE. 
 
 MEGALANTHROPOGENESIE, s. f., me- 
 galanthropogenesia, f. (piyu.;, great, v- 
 fyuvits, man, yinns, procreation), L. : the 
 pretended art of procreating men of genius ; 
 as taught by the visionary Robert. 
 
 MEGALOSPLANCHNIE, s. f., megalo- 
 splanchnia, f. (fiiyxs, great, <r-r>.K'y^vav, a 
 viscus), L. : a tumour formed by one of the 
 viscera. MtyaXo^frAay^va;, adj., megalo- 
 splanchnus, L. : an epithet applied to an 
 
 individual with enlarged viscera, wer 
 
 grosse Eingewcide hat, G. MEGALOSPLE- 
 NIE, s. f., megalosplenia, f. (same, and 
 <r!j-x>j), L., tumefaction of the spleen. 
 
 MEL.SNA, s. m., fi fti^aivn (v<rj), me- 
 laena, f., morbus niger, L., die schwarze 
 Krankheit oder Ruhr, G., the black dis- 
 ease s vomiting of black blood, commonly 
 succeeded by alvine evacuations of the 
 same colour, a phenomenon, of frequent 
 occurrence in gastric hemorrhage and 
 cancer. Synon. with MELJENORRHAGIE, 
 e. f., melsenorrhagia, f. L. 
 
 MELALEUQUE, s. m. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Melaleuca ( Polyadelphia, polyandr. ; 
 Myrtaceee), L., der Cajaputbaum, G. 
 The leaves of an Indian species, M. leuca- 
 dendron, diuretic and emmenagogue, afford 
 the cajeput oil, see CAIEPUT. 
 
 MEI,AMPODE, s. m., melampodium, n. 
 L. : a synonym of black Hellebore. 
 
 MELANAGOGUE, adj., melanagogus, 
 
 (fi'iXas, black, <yu, to expel), L. : an epi- 
 thet applied, by the ancients, to remedies, 
 melanagoga, L., which are calculated to 
 expel black bile. 
 
 370 
 
 MEL 
 
 MELANCHLORE, adj., melanchlorus 
 
 (^EXay^Aw^af, of a dark-yellow colour),L.: 
 an epithet applied to individuals suffering 
 from black jaundice, MELANCHLOROSE, s. 
 f., Iclere noire, melanchlorosis, melan- 
 vel melasicterus.L., Schwarzsucht, f. G. 
 
 MEI.ANCHOLIE, s. f., ^sXay^oX/'a, me- 
 lancholia, f. L., Melancholic, Schwer- 
 muth, f., Tiiibsinn, m. G. : a lesion of the 
 intellectual faculties, characterized by deep 
 depression of spirits, and exclusive occu- 
 pation of the mind on one train of ideas. 
 So named ; as supposed, by the ancients, 
 to originate from black bile. MELANCHO- 
 
 L.IQ.UE, adj., f*,l\a. r y% i oXix,os, fii^a'y^oXos, 
 
 melancholicus, melancholisch, melan- 
 cholic : an epithet applied to individuals 
 suffering from, or morbid affections exhi- 
 biting the characters of, melancholy. 
 
 MELANOSE, s. f., F., and G., ^t^dvuffn 
 (ptKava, to blacken), melanosis, f. L. : in 
 Pathology, an organic affection, in which 
 the structure of the parts is transformed 
 into a black, firm, homogeneous substance, 
 exhibiting some analogy with the tissue 
 of the bronchia) glands ; and converted, by 
 the process of softening, into ulcers or ca- 
 vities. This degeneration, the causes of 
 which are unknown, most frequently at- 
 tacks the pulmonary organ ; more rarelv, 
 the liver or cellular tissue. Melanosis of 
 the lungs, M. des poumons, F., consti- 
 tutes, with Bayle, a species of pulmonary 
 phthisis. That of the abdominal viscera, 
 Af.viscerumabdominiSjL., isiheSchwarz- 
 werden der Eingeweide, of German writers. 
 MELANE, adj. : formed by melanosis. 
 
 MELASICTERE, s. m., melasicterus, m. 
 (pixa;, black, JWsjof, jaundice), icterus ni- 
 ger, L. Synon. with MELANCHLOROSE, 
 and MELANICTERE. 
 
 MELASME, (^sXao/ta, a black spot),s.m., 
 melasma, n., nigror, m. L., schwarzer 
 Hautfleck, Altersfleck, G. : in Pathology, 
 a black spot, or enchymosis, identical with 
 melanosis of the skin ; which frequently 
 occurs in the lower limbs of the aged. 
 
 MELASSE, s. , theriaca, f. L., The- 
 riak, m. G., treacle : the syrup which re- 
 mains after the juice of the sugar-cane has 
 undergone all the processes necessary fer 
 extraction of the sugar. Molasses, distilled 
 after fermentation, yields rum, TAFIA. 
 
 MELATROPHIE, s. f., melatrophia, f. 
 (fti^os, a member, a,rge<pia, wasting), atro- 
 phia membrorum.L., die^4tna^rMnyder 
 Glieder, G., atrophy of the limbs. 
 
 MEJLEZE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Larix ( Monoecia, motiadelphia ; Conifera:}, 
 L., der Lerchenbaum, G., the Larch. 
 The common species, L.communis (Pinus 
 larix, Linn.), le M.commun, yields Ve- 
 nice turpentine: and, in some situations, 
 a mucoso-saccharine substance, resembling 
 Calabrian manna, exudes from its trunk ;
 
 MEL 
 
 which supplies, also, a medicinal fungus, 
 see AGARIC, and an astringent bark. The 
 cedar of Lebanon, Cedre du Liban, F., 
 Larix cedrus, xifyes, die Ceder von Li- 
 banon, G., belongs to this genus. 
 
 MELIACEES, s. f., pi., Meliacea", f. L. : 
 in Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous, po- 
 lypetalous plants, with hypogynous sta- 
 mens ; having, for type, the genus, Melia. 
 Several medicinal plants, see AZEDA- 
 RACH, MAHOGAN, and WINTERANE, be- 
 long to it. 
 
 MELICERIS, s. m., F., et L., JMXMH&I 
 Honiggeschwulst, G. : in Surgical Pa- 
 thology, an encysted tumour, containing a 
 substance that resembles honey and wax. 
 MELILOT, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Mel'dotus ( Diadelphia, decandr. ; Legumi- 
 nosaej, L., der Honigklee, G. ; contain- 
 ing, with other species, the common Meli- 
 lot, M. officmalis ( Trifolium melilotus, 
 Linn.), le M. officinal r ,F., TO ^sX/Xwrov, 
 der gemeine Stein- oder Honigklee, G. ; 
 the flowers of which are topically employ- 
 ed, as emollient, in French practice. The 
 Gruyere cheese is indebted to this plant for 
 its peculiar flavour. 
 
 MEJT.ISSE, s. f., F., and G. : a genus, in 
 Botany, Melissa (Didynamia,(ji/mnosperm. ; 
 Labiates), L., tne Balm. The common 
 species, M. officinalis, la M. cultivee, F., 
 die Garten-, Citronen-Melisse, G-, a 
 fragrant European plant, is stimulant and 
 diuretic; and constitutes the basis of a cele- 
 bratedJVeracA preparation, I'EaudesCarmcs. 
 MELLITATE, s. m., mellitas, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, honi;/stein- 
 saure Salze, G. ; resulting from the com- 
 bination of mellitic acid, Acide mellitique, 
 F., acidum melliticum, L., Honigstein- 
 siiure,G., which exists naturally in MEL- 
 LITE, with salifiable bases. MELLITE, 
 s. m. : 1. the mineralogical designation of 
 Mellitate of alumina, M. d'alumine,Y., 
 Honigstein, G. 2. a compound of honey, 
 see MIEL. 
 
 MKLOE, s. m., F., et L. : a genus of Co- 
 leopterous Insects ; belonging to the Family 
 of the Cantharidce, Leach; and possessing, 
 in an inferior degree, the properties of the 
 genus which constitutes the type of that 
 Family. The M. proscarabceus, Pr. vul- 
 garis,ot' modern Entomologists, Schwarz- 
 blaumaiwurmkafer, G., see PROSCARA- 
 BEE, has been recommended as an inter- 
 nal remedy for Hydrophobia ; and forms 
 the base of a Prussian Electuary, Preus- 
 sisches Geheimmittel, oder Latwerge, ge- 
 gen den tollen Hundsbiss, G. 
 
 MELON, s. m., melo, m. L., Melone, 
 f. G. : in Botany, a species of the genus 
 Cucumis, see CONCOMBRE : also, the de- 
 signation of the fruit of that species, C. 
 melo. M. d"eau : the fruit of a species of 
 Cucurbita, see COURGE. 
 
 371 
 
 MEN 
 
 MELOSE,S. f., (tfauins, melosis, f. L., 
 Sondiren, n. G. : the act of probing a 
 wound, or introducing sound or catheter. 
 
 MEMBRANE, s. f., ^1^00.10., vpw, 
 membrana, f. L., Haut, f. G.: a designa- 
 tion applied, in Anatomy, to divers deli- 
 cate and elastic organs, which vary greatly 
 in their structure and properties, and are 
 generally destined to exhale, secrete, or 
 absorb, certain fluids, or to isolate, enve- 
 lope, or constitute, other organs. Bichat, 
 Traite des Membranes, 8vo, Paris, 1827, 
 has divided the membranes into simple 
 and compound : the former comprehending 
 the mucous, serous, and fibrous, les M. 
 muqueuses, sereuses, et Jibreuses, F., 
 Memb. mucosae, serosae, et fibrosae, 
 L. ; the latter, the sero-fibrous, sero-mu- 
 cous, and fibre-mucous, les M. sero-fi- 
 breuses, sero-miiqueuses, et Jibiro-mu- 
 queuses, F. 
 
 The membranes of the foetus, M. du foe- 
 tus,!?., membranes fioetum involventes,L., 
 die Fruchthautchen, G., consist of the 
 M. caduca, or Epichorion ; Chorion, and 
 Anmios. See these Articles, and CA- 
 DUQUE. M. accidentelle, ou fausse, see 
 PSEUDO-MEMBRANE. MEMBRANEUX, 
 adj., membranosus, L., i/ftisivas, haut- 
 ig, G., membranous : exhibiting the as- 
 pect, or composed, of membrane. MEM- 
 BRANIFORME, adj., membraniformis, 
 
 upivubvis, hautformig, G., membrani- 
 
 f'orm : an epithet applied to organs, which, 
 as the Platysma myoides, and Obliquus ex- 
 teritus abdominis, muscles, exhibit a mem- 
 brane-like character or disposition. 
 
 MEMBRE, s. m., membrum, n., artus, 
 m.L., ^Xoj, xaiXav, Glied,m.G., mem- 
 ber, limb : the designation of certain ap- 
 pendages of the animal body ; situated on 
 the lateral parts of the trunk ; and gene- 
 rally destined to serve as organs of loco- 
 motion, capture, aggression or defence. 
 In man and other animals which possess 
 four limbs, the two superior or anterior are, 
 obviously with greater precision, distin- 
 guished by the epithet, pectoral or thora- 
 cic ; the inferior or posterior, abdominal 
 or pelvic, see THORACio.uE,et PELVIEN. 
 M. viril, F., see PENIS, ou VERGE. 
 
 MEMOIRE, s. f., memoria, t. L., pvn- 
 p, Gedachtniss, f. G., memory : that 
 faculty of the brain, or its individual or- 
 gans, whereby past impressions are recall- 
 ed to mind. 
 
 MKNAGOGUE, adj., menagogus (i ft- 
 vj, the menstrual discharge of females, ,- 
 yuyos, that which excites), L. : an epithet 
 synon. with EMMENAGOGUE. 
 
 MENINGE, (ftwiyS,, the membrane of the 
 brain), s. f. : a term employed, by Chaus- 
 sier, to designate, especially, the dura ma- 
 ter, see DURE-MERE. MENINGE, adj. : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to blood- 
 
 2B2
 
 MEN 
 
 ressels which are distributed principally 
 on that membrane. Of the three menin- 
 geal arteries, Arteres meninge'es, F., die 
 J7irn7iaM;schlagadern, G., the arteria me- 
 rimgea media, see SPHENO-E'PINEUX, 
 is the most considerable. In Pathology, 
 to morbid affections, as inflammation, 
 see MENINGITE, implicating the mem- 
 branes of the brain, MENINGES, s. f., pi., 
 meninges, f. pi., L., die Hirnhaute,G. 
 These membranes are, 1. the dura mater, of 
 fibrous structure, la MENINGE, of Chaus- 
 sier ; 2. the serous Arachnoid, termed, by 
 him, Lame externe de la Meningine ; and, 3. 
 the vascular Pia mater, MENINGINE, ou 
 Lame interne de la Meningine, of that dis- 
 tinguished writer. 
 
 MENINGETTE, s. f. : a tenn applied, by 
 some Anatomists, to the pia mater, see 
 PIE-MERE. 
 
 MENINGINE, s. f., F., and G., menin- 
 gina, f. L. : a term applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the Pia mater in conjunction with the 
 cerebral reflection of the Arachnoid. ME- 
 NINGINITE, s. f., meninginitis, fl L. : in- 
 flammation of the Meningine. 
 
 MENINGITE, s. f., meningitis, f., in- 
 flammatio meningum cerebri, L., Hirn- 
 AaMtentzundung, f. G., inflammation of 
 the membranes of the brain,a.nA, more espe- 
 cially, of the Dura mater, Entziindung 
 der harten Hirnhaut, G. 
 
 MENINGO-CEPHALITE, s. f., meningo- 
 cephalitis, f. L. See HYDROCEPHALITE. 
 
 MEVINGO-GASTRALGIE, s. f., menin- 
 go-gastralgia, fl L. : neuralgia of the sto- 
 mach. MENINGO-GASTRICIUE, adj., me- 
 ningo-gastricus, L. : an epithet employed, 
 by Pinel, to designate bilious fever ; which 
 he regards as especially seated in the in- 
 ternal membrane of the stomach. 
 
 MENINGO-PHYLAXjS.m., fU0fyyffv>M$, 
 
 meningophylax, custos meningis, m. L., 
 Hirnschirmer,Hirnhautbeschirmer,m.G.: 
 in Surgery, an instrument for protection of 
 the cerebral membranes, during the opera- 
 tion of the trephine, on diseased or frac- 
 tured skull. 
 
 MENINGORHHEE, s. f., meningorrhcea, 
 f. (p'myfy, fiu, to flow), L. : extravasation 
 of blood on, or between, the cerebral mem- 
 branes, das Austreten von Blut iiber oder 
 zwischen den Hirnh'duten, G. 
 
 MENINGOSE, s. f., meningosis, f. L. : 
 in Anatomy, the union of osseous pieces 
 by intervention of membrane ; as exhibited 
 in the cranial bones of the fetus, a vari- 
 ety of SYNDESMOSE. 
 
 MENISPERMATE, s. m., menispermas, 
 n. L. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, 
 
 meninspermsaure Salze, G., resulting 
 
 from combination of menispermic acid, 
 Acide menispermique, ., Menispermsaure, 
 G., a product of the fruit of Menisper- 
 mum cocculus, with salifiable bases. See 
 
 372 
 
 MEN 
 
 MENISPERME, s. m. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Menispermum ( Dioecia, decandr. ; Me- 
 nispermete), L., der Mondsame, G., the 
 Moonseed; so named from the crescent- 
 like figure of the fruit (pwn, the moon, 
 ffyri^ftx, seed), and originally comprizing 
 several valuable plants now referred to 
 Coccuhis. See COLOMBO, et COQUECULE. 
 MENISPERMEES, s. f., pi., Menispermea, 
 L. : a Family of dicotyledonous polypeta- 
 lous plants, with hypogynous stamens ; 
 having, for type, the genus Menispermum. 
 
 MENOPLANIE, s. , menoplania, f. ( 
 fttjvts, the menses, irXam, deviation), L. : 
 flow of blood, at the menstrual period, from 
 other part, or region, of the body than the 
 uterus. MENOSTASE, s. f., menostasia, 
 menostasis, f. (same, and ynifif, stagna- 
 tion), L., ififimoi't lT/<7%<rty, das Stehen- 
 bleibenAer Menstruation,(ji., retention, and 
 accumulation, of menstrual blood in the ca- 
 vity of that organ. 
 
 MENSTRUATION, s. f., F.,G., and E., 
 menstruatio, f. L. : the flowing of the 
 menses. See MENSTRUES. 
 
 MENSTRUE,s.m., menstruum, n.L.., 
 Auflosungsmittel, m. G. : in Chemistry, 
 any substance which possesses the proper- 
 ty of dissolving one or more others. 
 
 MENSTRUES, s. f., pi., oJ ^Jjnj, ra. ip- 
 ftviK, xaraft'/ivix ywaiKiTx, menses, men- 
 strua, profluvium muliebre, L., Monat- 
 fluss, m. G. : in Physiology, the periodical 
 flow of blood which takes place in woman, 
 and other of the female Mammifera, every 
 lunar month, by the organs of generation, 
 from the development, till the extinction, 
 of the procreative faculty. MENSTRUE, 
 adj., menstruous : an epithet applied to 
 a. female, mulier, vel fcemina, menstruans, 
 L., during the process of menstruation. 
 MENSTRUEL, adj., I/^r'ws, relating to 
 menstruation: Ex. Ecoulementmenstruel,F., 
 fluxus menstrualis, L., die monatliche 
 Reinigung, G., the menstrual discharge. 
 
 MENSURATION, s. f., mensuratio, f.JL., 
 Messung, f. G. : the act of measuring, a 
 mode of exploration frequently instituted 
 for the purpose of precisely determining 
 the dimensions of the thorax, abdomen, or 
 other region, of the animal body, in disease. 
 
 MENTAGRE, s. f., mentagra, f. L. : a 
 barbarous compound of the Latin, mentum, 
 chin, with the Greek ayyt, seizure; em- 
 ployed, in Pathology, to designate an her- 
 petic eruption which invades the chin, 
 /Tmwfleckte, f., Aussatz am Kinn, G. It 
 is referred, by Alibert, to the pustular va- 
 riety of Herpes, DARTRE pustuleuse. 
 
 MENTAL, adj. : an epithet employed, in 
 Anatomy, and Zoology, to designate orifi- 
 ces or parts, which have reference to the 
 chin, mentum, L,., see MENTON ; as the 
 foramen mentale, an orifice of the lower 
 jaw-bone, affording passage to the menial
 
 MEN 
 
 branches of the inferior maxillary artery 
 and nerve, in their progress to the chin, 
 see MENTONNIEH : and the Angle, A. 
 menial, F., JTwiMwinkel, m. G., formed 
 by the union of the two branches of the 
 mandible of birds. In Pathology, and Psy- 
 chology, to morbid conditions affecting, or 
 phenomena exhibited by, the mind, mens, 
 mentis, L. : Maladie mentale, F., morbus 
 mentalis, L., a mental disease ; Geistes- 
 kraft, f. G., mental or intellectual power. 
 
 MEN THE, s. f., fi Ml* fa . a genus, in 
 Botany, Mentha (Didynamia,gymnosperm. ; 
 Labiates), L., die Miinze,G., the Mint; 
 comprizing numerous stimulant and aro- 
 matic plants. The principal medicinal 
 species are, 1. The Peppermmf, la M. 
 poivree, F., M. piperita^ die Pfeffer- 
 munze, G. ; 2. Pennyroyal, le Pouliot, 
 M. pulegium, Poleimiinze , and, 3. Spear- 
 mint, M. romaine, M. viridis, Frauen- 
 m'unze. French and German Officinal Pre- 
 parations of the First : a Distilled Spirit, 
 Alcoolatum de Mentha Piperita, Ph. Gall, 
 Geistiges Pfeffermunzwasser, G. ; a 
 Water, Aqua Stillatitia, Pfeffermunz- 
 wasser; and an Essential Oil, Oleum 
 Menthae Piperitse, Pfeffermunzol. Of the 
 Second, German : a Distilled Water, and 
 Oil, Poleiwasser,undPoleiol. The French 
 have, also, a Distilled Spirit of the curled 
 Mint, Alcoolatum de Mentha Crispa". 
 
 MENTO-LABIAL, adj., mento-labialis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to 
 a facial muscle, see CARRE, et HOUPPE, 
 which extends from the chin to the lips. 
 
 MENTON, s. m., mentum, n. L., yi- 
 mav, Kinn, m. G-, chin : in Anatomy, 
 and Zoology, the projection formed by 
 the jaw, in the sub-labial region of the 
 human face ; the anterior portion of the 
 inferior margin of the lower jaw of the 
 other Mammifera : the inferior region of 
 the head, comprized between the branches 
 of the mandible, and throat, of Birds : an 
 appendage articulated to the base of the 
 inferior part of the head of Insects. MEN- 
 TONNIER, adj. : an epithet employed, in 
 Anatomy, to designate, 1. an orifice, Trou 
 mentonnier, F., foramen mentale, L., die 
 aussere oder vordere Oeffnung des Unter- 
 kieferskanals, G. ; which, situated on the 
 anterior surface of the lower jaw, consti- 
 tutes the external orifice of the inferior 
 maxillary canal, and gives passage to, 2. an 
 Artery, Artere mentonniere, F., arteria 
 mentalis, L., Mental- oder JSfmwarterie, 
 G. ; and, 3. a Nerve, Nerf mentonnier, 
 branches, respectively, of the inferior max- 
 illary and alveolar , and distributed on 
 the chin and lower lip. M. LABIAL, s. m., 
 and adj. : a term applied, by Dumas, to 
 the Depressor labii inferioris Muscle, see 
 CARRE. MENTONNIERE, s. f. : a bandage 
 for the lower jaw, see FRONDE. 
 
 373 
 
 MER 
 
 MENTUIAGRE, s. f, mentulagra, f. 
 L. : a barbarous compound of the Latin 
 menlula, penis, with the Greek ay^a, seiz- 
 ure ; employed, in Pathology, to designate 
 morbum membri virilis (vel clitoridis) in 
 quo musculi erectores vel convulsi vel 
 contract! sunt, L. 
 
 MENYANTHE, s. m., a Mjav^f : a ge- 
 nus, in Botany, Menyanthes (Pentandria, 
 monogynia ; GentianeceJ, L., die Bochs- 
 bohne, G., the Buckbean ; the principal 
 species of which, le Trifle d'eau, M. tri- 
 foliata,der Bitterklee, Fieberklee, G., 
 an European marsh-plant, is bitter, tonic, 
 and astringent ; and employed, in Sweden, 
 as a substitute for the hop. German Offi- 
 cinal Preparations : an Expressed Juice, and 
 Extract, Frisch ausgepresster Bitterklee- 
 saftjund Bitterkleeextract. The elegant M. 
 nymphceoides, Linn, now constitutes a new 
 genus, entitled Villarsia. MENYANTHINE, 
 s. f., menyanthina, fl L., das Menyan- 
 thin, G. : a starch-like substance; discover- 
 ed, by Trommsdorff, in M. trifoliata. 
 
 MEPHITE, s. m. : an antiquated syno- 
 nym of carbonate. Ex. M. de soude, car- 
 bonate of soda. MfcpHiTiQUE, adj., me- 
 phiticus, L., mephitisch, G., noxious. 
 Thus, carbonic acid, Kohlenstoffgas, G., 
 as destructive to animal life, was formerly 
 termed mephitic gas, Stickgas. MEPHI- 
 TISME, s. m., mephitismus, m. L., me- 
 phitism : a mephitic or noxious exhalation. 
 
 MER, s. f., mare, n., pontus, m. L., 
 (uXnirffu, vriKxyos, Meer, See, f. G., sea : 
 the collection of salt water, covering three 
 5ths of the surface of the globe. A sea- 
 bath, Bain de wer,F., balneum mannum, 
 L., See-bad, G. Sea- water, EAU de mer. 
 Sea-animals and plants, see MARINE. 
 
 MERCURE, s. m., mercurius, m. L., 
 Mercurius, Merkur, m. G., mercury : in 
 Astronomy, the 1st of the planets revolv- 
 ing around the sun : in Chemistry, a liquid 
 metal, argentum vivum, hydrargyrum, 
 seeHrDRARGYRE, L., Wassersilber,m. 
 G., existing, naturally, either pure, or 
 in combination with sulphur and silver, or 
 with chlorine. Specific gravity, 13,568. 
 Mercury is a medicinal agent, of surpassing 
 energy and value. Of its Officinal Prepa- 
 rations, French and German, the following 
 are the most important and commonly 
 employed : an Acetate, Acetas, Proto- 
 Acetas, Hydrargyri; see ACETATE ; a 
 Deuto-and Proto-chloride, seeCHLORURE ; 
 a Black and a Red Sulphuret, Sulphure- 
 tum Hi/drargyri nigrum, vulg5 JEthiops 
 
 mineralis, et rubrum, vulgb Cinna- 
 
 baris, Ph. Gall., Schwarzes und Rotlies 
 Schwefelquecksilber, MineralischesMohr, 
 und Zinnober, G. ; a Red Oxyde, Oxy- 
 dum Hydrargyri rubrum, vel Peroxidum, 
 Rothes Quecksilbei-oxyA ; and a White 
 Precipitate, Murias Hydrargyri Suboxy-
 
 MES 
 
 genatus Prsecipitatione Paratus, Weis- 
 ser Queclisilbernie&erschlag oder Pracipitat, 
 Ammoniakalischsalzsaures Quecksilber. 
 The Germans have, also, a Grey Oxyde, 
 Aschgraues Quecksilberoxy^ ; and several 
 Ointments, as, 1. the common Blue or Grey, 
 die blaue oder graue ; 2. Red (preci- 
 pitate), rothe ; 3. Yellow or Citrine, 
 gelbe ; and, 4. White (precipitate), 
 weisse Quecksilbersalbe. The 3rd is the 
 Unguentum Nitratis Hydrargyri, Adeps 
 Nitrate Hydrargyri Medicatus, Queck- 
 s/#ie/-salpetersalbe, of the modern British, 
 French, and German Pharmacologists. 
 MERCURIEL, adj., merkurialisch, G. : an 
 epithet applied, in Chemistry, and Phar- 
 macy, to the preparations of, or compounds 
 w hich contain, mercury : as a mercurial salt , 
 Sel mercuriel, F. ; or an Ointment, Un- 
 guentum Hydrargyri, L., Quec/csilbersa[be, 
 G. : in Pathology, to morbid affections, 
 see HYDRARGYRI E, and phenomena, as 
 the mercurial fetor, induced by the action 
 of that metal. MEHCURIAUX, pi., mer- 
 curialia, L., die Quecksilbermittel, G., 
 mercurials: an adjective substantively us- 
 ed, in Therapeutics, to designate remedies 
 which consist, principally, or mercury. 
 
 MERLAN, s. m. : a genus, in Ichthyol- 
 ogy, Merlangus ( Malacopterygii, subbrach. ; 
 GadidceJ, L. ; comprehending several edi- 
 ble species formerly arranged in the Gadus 
 genus. The flesh of the common Whiting, 
 M, vulaaris, le M. commun, der Wit- 
 ling, is much prized as an article of diet. 
 
 MERLE, s. in. : a genus of Birds, Me- 
 rula ( Passeres Insessores dentirostr.),L,. ; 
 constituting the type of the Family of the 
 MerulidtB, MERULIDES, s. m., and adj., 
 pi.; and containing several species formerly 
 included in the Linnsean genus Tiirdus. 
 The flesh of the common blackbird, M. 
 vulgaris ( Turdus merula, Linn.), Merle 
 commun, F., Merla commune, It., 
 Schwarzer Drossel, G., and the lling- 
 
 Ouzel, M. olim T torquata, M. a 
 
 plastron, Merla torquata, Ringdrossel, 
 forms a grateful and nutritious aliment. 
 
 MERLU, ou MERLUCHE, s. f. : a term 
 applied, generally, to all species of the Cod 
 genus or Family, when sun-dried ; more 
 properly the common Hake, Merlucius 
 vulgar is (Gadus merluc., Linn.,), le Mer- 
 lus commun, F., der rothe Brassen, G. 
 
 MEROCELE, s. f., merocele (pi^es, the 
 thigh, x)$x>j, hernia), L. : jemoral or crural 
 hernia, see H ERNIE. 
 
 MERYCoLOGiE,s.f., merycologia, f. L., 
 Merykologie, f. G., merycology : the 
 doctrine of rumination, MERYCISME, s. m., 
 fitiguxiffftos, merycismus, m. L., Wied- 
 erkauen, n. G. 
 
 M^SARAIQUE, adj., mesaraicus (ptffci- 
 PKIOV, the mesentery), L., Synon. with 
 
 MfcSENTfcRIdUE. 
 374 
 
 MES 
 
 MESENTERE, 3. m., fiirivrigiw, me- 
 senterium, mesarseum, n. G., Gekrose, n. 
 G., mesentery : in Anatomy, one of the se- 
 veral processes of peritoneum, which serve 
 to retain different portions of the intestinal 
 canal in their relative situations. The 
 principal or proper mesentery, attached 
 by its straight posterior border, descends 
 obliquely from the left side of the body of 
 the 2nd lumbar vertebra to the right iliac 
 fossa. Its anterior border, curved, undu- 
 latingand plaited, includes between the two 
 laminae of which it is composed, the whole 
 of the small intestine, with the accompany- 
 ing glands, absorbents, blood-vessels, and 
 nerves. MESENTERIQUE, adj., purd^cim;, 
 pifftvriyos, mesentericus, zum Mesente- 
 rium gehorig, G., mesenteric, belonging 
 to the mesentery ; an epithet employed, in 
 Anatomy, to designate certain blood-ves- 
 sels, and other organs, which are so cir- 
 cumstanced : as, 1. two Arteries, the supe- 
 rior and inferior mesenteric, Artere mesen- 
 terique superieure et inferieure, F., arteria 
 mesaraica, vel mesenterica superior et infe- 
 rior, L., die obere und die untere Gehrux- 
 Schlagader, G., branches of the abdomi- 
 nal aorta, distributed on the mesentery : 2. 
 two Veins, GeArrbsvenen, G., Veitteme- 
 sardique super, ou grande, et infer, ou petite, 
 vena mesenterica super, et infer., con- 
 tributing to the formation of the vena-por- 
 tal system : 3. two Plexuses of nerves, 
 Plexus mescnteriques, supplied by the so- 
 lar plexus; and distinguished, like the 
 arteries which they accompany, into supe- 
 rior and inferior: and, 4. Lymphatic Glands, 
 Glandes mesenteriques,die Gekrosdru- 
 sen, G., glandulse mesentericae, and the 
 absorbent vessels connected with them. 
 In Pathology, the morbid affections which, 
 as mesenteritis, MESENTERITE, s. f., in- 
 flammatio mesenterii, L., Ge/rrbsentzund- 
 ung, G., and mesenteric phthisis, Phlhi- 
 sie mesenterique, die GeArosschwindsucht, 
 especially implicate, or proceed from le- 
 sion of, the mesentery. 
 
 MESENTERIE, s. f., mesenteria, f. L. : 
 a designation applied, by Alibert, to CAR- 
 REAU ; and constituting the second genus 
 of the Adenoses, in his Noso/ogie Nalurelle. 
 
 MESEREON, s. m. : in Botany, a species 
 of the genus, DAPHNE. See, also, GAROU. 
 
 MESMEHISME, s. m. : a designation ap- 
 plied to animal magnetism, from the name 
 of its discoverer, Mesmer. 
 
 MESOCEPHALE, s. m., mesocephalum, 
 n. L.: a designation applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the Tuber annulure ; as situated in the 
 
 middle, (*t<ras, of the head, xt$a^r> 
 
 MEsocEpHALiatTE,adj., mesocephalicus, 
 L. : an epithet employed to designate the 
 artery, Arlere misocepJuilique, F., of the 
 mesocephalon. It is the basilar, Zanfen- 
 oder Grundschlagader, G., see BASI-
 
 MES 
 
 LAIRE, of preceding anatomical writers. 
 MESOCEPHALITE, s. f., mesocephalitis, f. 
 L. : inflammation of the mesoeephalon. 
 
 MESOCHONDRIAQUE, adj., mesochon- 
 driacus, L. : an epithet applied, by Boer- 
 haave, to the fasciculi of muscular libres 
 which connect the cartilaginous rings of 
 the trachea. 
 
 MESOCCECUM, s. m. F., n. Li. : an ob- 
 jectionable compound of the Greek, fti<rt>s, 
 with the Latin, caecum ; employed to de- 
 signate a fold of peritoneum which some- 
 times exists at the posterior part of the 
 caecum. 
 
 MESOCOLON, s. m. F., n. L., piiroxa- 
 Xt>v, Grimmdarmgekrb'se, n. G. : in Ana- 
 tomy, the production of peritoneum which 
 retains in their situation, the different 
 portions of the colon. Distinguished into, 
 1. the right lumbar, Mis. lombaire droit, 
 F., which belongs to the ascending co- 
 lon ; 2. the transverse, M. transverse, to 
 the arch; 3. the left, lumbar, lombaire 
 gauche, to the descending colon ; and, 4. 
 the iliac, iliaque, which fixes the sig- 
 moid flexure. The whole is sometimes 
 termed the little mesentery, das kleine 
 Gekrose, G., see MESENTERE. 
 
 MESOCRANE, s. m., fturoxgavov, meso- 
 cranium, n. L., Scheitel, m. G.: the cen- 
 tral region of the cranium, or Vertex. 
 
 MESOGASTRICIUE, adj., mesogastricus 
 (ftio-os, middle, y<rTj, the belly), L,., oc- 
 cupying, as the mesoyastric or umbilical re- 
 gion, R. mesotjastrique, F., die mittlere 
 Zfawr/tgegend, G., the middle of the belli/, 
 Mesogastrium, n. L., Bauchmitte, f.G. 
 
 MESOGLOSSE, s.m.,and adj., meso-glos- 
 sus, L. : a term applied, by the older ana- 
 tomists, to the Genio-glossus muscle. 
 
 MESOLOBE, s. m., mesolobus, m. (pi/ros, 
 middle, x/3of, a lobe), L.: a term applied, 
 by Chaussier, to the Corpus callosum, see 
 CALLEUX ; as situated between the lobes of 
 the brain. MESOLOBAIRE, adj. : an epi- 
 thet applied, by the same, to the arteries, 
 arteriae mesolobicee, L,., of the mesolobe, 
 les Arleres du carps calleux, and die Bal- 
 kenschlagadern, of preceding French, and 
 of German anatomists. 
 
 MESOMPHALE, s. m., ^sa-ojwipaA.av, 
 mesomphalum, n. L. : the middle of the 
 navel, die Mittcl des Nabds, G. 
 
 MESORECTUM, m. F., n. L. : a barba- 
 rous compound of the Greek, f/,i<ros, with 
 the Latin, rectum ; employed to designate 
 the transverse fold of peritoneum, das 
 
 Mastdarmgekrose, G., which connects 
 
 the posterior surface of the rectum with 
 the anterior of the sacrum. 
 
 MESOPHRYON, s. m., F.,et L., ftt<ro<pgv- 
 ov -. the triangular space (situated) above 
 the nose between the eye-brows, der drei- 
 eckige Kiuuu iiber der Nase zwischen den 
 Augenbraunen, G. 
 
 375 
 
 MET 
 
 MESOSCELOCELE, s. , mesoscelocele 
 (piffot, middle, s-xtXa;, thigh, x'x, her- 
 nia), JL.: hernia of the perineum, mesosce- 
 lon,n.L., das MittelHeisch,G., see HE n- 
 NIE. MEsoscELOPHYME,s.m., mesosce- 
 lophyma, n. L., Mittelrleischbeule, f.G.: 
 an abscess ($vp.it) in the perineal region. 
 
 MESOTHENAR, s. m., mesothenar (fti- 
 <rti, &iva, palm of the hand),L., Mittel- 
 klopfer, m. G. : a name given, by Win- 
 slow, to the Adductor, and deep-seated por- 
 tion of the Flexor brevis, pollicis manus. 
 
 METACARPE, s. m., ftiruxaeTiov, me- 
 tacarpus, m. L., Mittelhand, 1. G. : that 
 portion of the thoracic extremity of man, 
 and certain of the Vertebrata, comprized 
 between the wrist, carpus, see CARPE, 
 and fingers : also, according to Latreille, 
 the fifth joint of the limb of the decapod 
 Crustacea. METACARPIEN, adj., meta- 
 carpianus, L., metacarpal, belonging to 
 the metacarpus, zur Mittelhand gehorig, 
 G. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to 
 the five bones, Os metacarpiens, F., ossa 
 metacarpi, L., die Mittelhandknochen, G., 
 each exhibiting a carpal and phalangeal 
 extremity, which compose the human 
 metacarpus ; to the row of carpal bones, 
 Ranyee metacarpienne du carpe, F., die 
 zweite Reihe der Handwurzelknochen,G., 
 and that of the digital phalanges, Ph. 
 
 metacarpiennes, which are articulated 
 
 with the metacarpus : 2. to the Articula- 
 tions, Art. metacarpiennes, of thelast four 
 metacarpal bones ; and the Ligaments, L. 
 
 metacarpiens, distinguished, from their 
 
 situation, into dorsal, palmar, and inferior 
 transverse, by which those bones are con- 
 nected: 3. to two Muscles, Musclemeta- 
 carpien du petit doigt, et du pouce, see 
 OPPOSANT, situated in the metacarpal 
 region : and, 4. an Artery, Artere meta- 
 carpienne, ou dorsale du metacarpe, branch 
 of the radial, descending obliquely on the 
 back of the hand. The metacarpal bone of 
 the thumb, os metacarpi pollicis, L., 
 das Mittelhandbein des Daumens, G. In 
 Surgery, a saw, M ittelhand-Ssige,G., us- 
 ed in amputation of the metacarpal bones. 
 
 METACARpo-PHALANGiEN,adj., meta- 
 carpo-phalangianus, L. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, to the Articulations, A. 
 metacarpo-phalangiennes, F., of the meta- 
 carpal bones with the corresponding digi- 
 tal phalanges. M. phalangien du pouce 
 ( Metacarpo-Phalanginien,Dumas), Met.' 
 phalangianus pollicis manfls, L. : a term 
 applied, by Chaussier, to the Adductor 
 muscle of the thumb, see ADDUCTEUR. 
 Metacarpo-Phalangiens Lateraux, et La- 
 teraux Sus-Palmaires : terms applied, re- 
 spectively, by the same, to the palmar and 
 dorsal Inlerossei muscles, see INTEROS- 
 SEUX, as extending from the metacarpal 
 bones to the first digital phalanges.
 
 MET 
 
 METACONDYLE, s. m., metacondylus, 
 m. (,eti<r, after, xSt/xy, the knuckle), L., 
 das Fingergelenk zunachst unter den 
 Nageln, G., the last phalanx of the fin- 
 gers, see PHALANGETTE. Die mittlern 
 Fingergelenke hiessen Condyli ; die ersten 
 an der Hand, Procondyli, G., the middle 
 phalanges are termed Condyli ; the first in 
 the hand (the metacarpal), Procondyli. 
 
 METAL, s. m., ^*TaXX0v, metallum, 
 n. L., Metall, n. G. The metals form a 
 Class of simple bodies, of which forty-two 
 are, at present, known. MJSTALLIQTTE, 
 
 adj., ^e<rx/uxas, metal licus, metal- 
 
 lisch : exhibiting the qualities of, or re- 
 sulting from, a metal. Ex. Son , Eclat , 
 Saveur metallique, F., a metallic sound, 
 lustre, taste. See, also, TINTEMENT. 
 METAI.LIFERE, adj., metallifcrus, me- 
 tallhaltend, containing metal : Filon me- 
 tallifere, F., a metalliferous vein. 
 
 METALLOGRAPHIE, s. f., metallogra- 
 phia, f. (^sraXXov, a metal, ygdipw, to de- 
 scribe), L.., die Beschreibung der Metalle, 
 Metallography: description of the metals. 
 
 METALLOIDE, s. m., and adj., metal- 
 loides (^sraXXav, tTSos, resemblance), L..: a 
 term, or epithet, employed, in Chemistry, 
 to designate simple bodies ; which, although 
 not metals, in some points, resemble them. 
 Ein Metalloid, ein metallahnlicher Korper, 
 G., a metalloid, or metal-like body. 
 
 METALLURGIE, s. f., metallurgia, f. 
 (ff.tra^.^ev^'yia, to separate metals from the 
 ore), L., -die Metallurgie, Metallbereit- 
 ung, G., Metallurgy : extraction of me- 
 tals from the ore. METALi,uRGiQUE,adj., 
 metallurgicus, metallurgist, metal- 
 lurgic : pertaining to metallurgy, 'o MsraX- 
 Xatvyoy, metallurgus, Metallurg, me- 
 tallurgist : a worker of metals. 
 
 METAMORPHOSE, s. f., ftirufiigQaffi;, 
 metamorphosis, transfiguratio, transfor- 
 matio, f. L., Metamorphose, Umgestalt- 
 ung, Umwandlung, f. G. : in Physiology, 
 the change of configuration and internal 
 structure, exhibited by divers animals, as 
 real Insects, see INSECTE, and Amphi- 
 bians, see AMPHIBIE, et BATRACIEN, 
 in their progress from the ovum to adult 
 age. Lindley, Introduction to Botany, p. 
 504, has, also, given two Chapters on the 
 Regular and Irregular Metamorphosis of the 
 organs of plants. 
 
 METAPHYSIQUE, s. f., metaphysica, f. 
 L., die Metaphysik,G., Metaphysics : 
 in Philosophy, the science of abstract and 
 purely intellectual things : so designated 
 because, in the works of Aristotle, the trea- 
 tise on these subjects is placed immediately 
 after (lira. that onPhysics, Qa/rixa,. ME- 
 TAPHYsrauE, adj., metaphysicus, me- 
 taphysisch, metaphysical : pertaining to 
 metaphysics. METAPHYSICIEX, s. m., 
 Metaphysiker, m. G., a metaphysician. 
 
 376 
 
 MET 
 
 METAPTOSE,s.f., ii.vru.x'ruffts, metapto- 
 sis, f. L. : the sudden conversion of one dis- 
 ease into another, die plb'tzliche Verand- 
 erung einer Krankheit in eine andere, G. 
 
 METASTASE, s. f., F., andG., p.tra.<r<ra- 
 ffis, metastasis, f. L.. : in Pathology, a 
 change of seat of a disease ; consequent on 
 removal of inflammatory or irritative ac- 
 tion from one organ, structure, or region, 
 to another. METASTATIQUE, adj., {/.<- 
 Ttttrrtfrixos, metastaticus, metastatisch : 
 resulting from metastasis; as a metastatic af- 
 fection, A. mitastat., of heart or brain. 
 
 METATARSE,s.m., metatarsus, m. (/u.i- 
 ra,, after, nt^os, the tarsus), L.., Mittel- 
 fuss, m. G. : in Anatomy, that portion of 
 the pelvic extremity.of man, and divers of 
 the Vertebrata, situated immediately be- 
 yond the tarsus. It consists, in the hu- 
 man subject, of five small cylindrical 
 
 bones, quinque ossicula cylindrica in 
 
 parte anteriore (vel phalangsea) cum pri- 
 ma phalange digitorum ; in parte poste- 
 riore (vel tarsali) cum ossibus tarsi, per 
 arthrodiam connexa,L. METATAKSIEX, 
 adj., metatarseus,E;., metatarsal, zum 
 Mittelfuss gehorig, G., belonging to, or 
 connected with, the metatarsus or instep : 
 as, 1. the Bones, Os metatarsiens, F., 
 ossa metatarsi. L., die Mittclfussknochen, 
 G., which, just adverted to, compose the 
 metatarsus : 2. the Articulations and Liga- 
 ments, A. mitatarsiennes, et L. metatarsi- 
 ens, die M itlelfuss-Gelenke, und Ban- 
 der, which are formed by the union of, 
 and connect, those bones ; and, 3. an Arte- 
 ry, Artere metatarsienne ( sus-metatars. 
 Chaussier), arteria meiatarsica, Mittel- 
 /ussschlagader, a brant-h of the anterior 
 tibial, ordinarily supplying the dorsal in- 
 terosseous muscles or the foot. The three 
 cuneiform and the cuboid bones, as united 
 with the tarsal extremities of the metatar- 
 sal bones, are, also, termed the metatarsal 
 row, Rangee metatarsienne, F., of the 
 tarsus ; and ihe first phalanges of the toes, 
 on the same principle, Ph.melatarsiennes. 
 
 METATARSO-PHALANGIEN, s. in., and 
 adj., metatarso-phalangianus,JL. : an epi- 
 thet employed to designate the articula- 
 tions, Artie, metalarso-phalanffiennes, F., 
 formed by the connection of the five meta- 
 tarsal bones with the corresponding meta- 
 tarsal phalanyes of the toes. M-. Phalan- 
 gien lateral : a term applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the interosseous miiscles of the foot ; as 
 extending from the metatarsal bones to the 
 first digital phalanges. 
 
 METATARSO-SOUS-PHALANGIEN, s. m., 
 et adj., metatarso-infra-phalangianus,L., 
 du pouce, pollicis : a term ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to the Abductor mus- 
 cle of the great toe, see ABDUCTEUR. 
 M-. Sous-Phalang. transversal du pouce (M. 
 phalang. du pouce, Dumas), M. infra-pha-
 
 MET 
 
 langianus transversalis pollicis, to the 
 Transversalis pedis, see TRANSVERSAL. 
 
 METATHBSE, s. f., metathesis, f. (ftira- 
 f'.n;, transposition, the act of displacing), 
 Li., Versetzung, Umsetzung, f. G. : in 
 Surgery, the act of removing the conse- 
 quence, or cause, of a disease, from any 
 situation or organ, to another where its 
 presence will be less injurious ; as depres- 
 sing the opaque crystalline in the opera- 
 tion for cataract, or propelling into the 
 stomach a foreign body, which obstructs 
 the oesophagus. 
 
 METATHORAX, s. m.F., et L.., Hinter- 
 bruststuck, n. G. ? : a term applied, by 
 Kirby and Spence, see Introduction to En- 
 tomology, v. iii, p. 379, to the posterior seg- 
 ment 3rd segment of the thorax of the 
 alitrunk, Alitronc, m. F., of Insects, 
 see THORAX. 
 
 METEORE, s. m., meteorum, n. (/^iri&i- 
 ; , raised above the earth, floating in the 
 air),L., Lufter?cheinung,f.G., meteor: 
 in Physics, the generic designation of the 
 various phenomena which havetheirorigin, 
 or are exhibited, in the Atmosphere. Me- 
 teors, ra fttriu^a, are distinguished into, 
 1. the Aerial, Meteores aeriennes, F., as 
 the winds ; 2. the Aqueous, Met. aqueux, 
 as rain, snow, hail, dew, and mist, which 
 result from precipitation of the aqueous 
 molecules, previously suspended in the 
 atmosphere, in a fluid or concrete state ; 
 3. the Luminous, Met. lumineuac, as the 
 rain-bow, and parhelion ; and, 4. the Ig- 
 neous, Met. ignis, as thunder and light- 
 ning, the aurora borealis, ignis fatuus, and 
 shooting-star, to which, in popular lan- 
 guage, the term, meteor, is more especially 
 restricted. All, or greater part of, these 
 phenomena, are dependent upon certain 
 changes in the electrical condition of the 
 atmosphere : and, as predisponent or ex- 
 citing causes of various diseases, exercise 
 a signal influence on the animal economy, 
 particularly that of man. METEORIQUE, 
 adj., meteoricus, meteorisch, meteo- 
 ric : an epithet applied, in Meteorology, 
 to certain mineral bodies, Pierres mcteo- 
 riques, see AEROLITHE, which fall from 
 the atmosphere : in Botany, to plants, the 
 expansion and closure of whose flowers, 
 like those of Calendula pluvialis, and Ana- 
 ffallis arvensis, are influenced by the condi- 
 tion of the atmosphere. 
 
 METEOROLITE, s. f. See AEROLITHE. 
 
 METEORISME, s. m., Meteorismus. m. 
 (ftinagifffia;, elevation), L., and G- : in Pa- 
 thology, distension of the abdomen by ga- 
 seous fluids ; occurring in atonic conditions 
 of the intestinal canal, in Hysteria and 
 Tympanitis, or as a consequence of abdo- 
 minal wound, inflammation, or congestion. 
 Developed at the close of typhoid fever, 
 meteorism is an almost invariably fatal sign. 
 
 377 
 
 MET 
 
 The presence of gas in the bowels of the 
 dyspeptic is not always the effect of aces- 
 cent food : it is frequently evolved from 
 the vessels of the organs themselves. 
 
 METEOROLOGIE, s. f., fttnu^ayia, 
 meteorologia,f.L., Meteorologie, Lufter- 
 scheinungslehre, Witterungslenre. f. G. : 
 that part of general Physics which treats 
 on the history of meteors, and the various 
 atmospherical phenomena and vicissitudes. 
 
 METEOROLOGiaUE,adj., fii'riaffot.e'yixos, 
 
 meteorologicus meteorologiscn, meteo- 
 rological : pertaining to meteorology. ME- 
 
 TEOROLOGUE, S . m. , ft.tr tu^aXaye; , meteo- 
 
 rologus, m. L., Meteorolog, m. G., a 
 meteorologist. 
 
 METEOHOSCOPE,S.m., fn.irf.a^offx.'a'ritiv, 
 
 meteoroscopium, n. L. : an instrument 
 employed in the observation of meteorolo- 
 gical phenomena, METEOROSCOPIE, s. f., 
 meteoroscopia, f. (fttfieaoa,, exo-jeta, to 
 survey), L.. Synon. with METEOROLOGIE. 
 
 METHODE, s. f., F., and G., piOobos, 
 methodus, m. L., method: a term sus- 
 ceptible of divers acceptations in the Sci- 
 ences. In Medicine, la Methode curative, 
 F., is the plan of treatment consistently 
 pursued for the cure of a disease. Synon., 
 in Natural History, with CLASSIFICATION, 
 and SYSTEME, it indicates the order which 
 is followed in the study of the subject. ME- 
 THODIQ.UE, adj., ftiffaSixof, methodicus, 
 methodisch, methodical : executed by 
 settled rules , exhibiting method: in Medi- 
 cine, belonging to the methodists, zu den 
 Methodisten gehorig, G. See 
 
 METHODISME,S. m., methodismus, m. 
 L. : in Medical Science, the designation 
 of a Sect of Physicians, METHODISTES, s. 
 m. pi., el f4.t6i^ix.o}(la,rpoi), Methodic i (Me- 
 dici), L., die Methodisten, G., of which 
 Themison was founder. The Methodists 
 hold that all diseases result from constric- 
 tion, or relaxation, of the animal fibre; or 
 a third state partaking of the characters of 
 both, which they termed mixed affections. 
 The sthenic and asthenic doctrines of the 
 visionary and unfortunate John Brown 
 are only a modification of the pathological 
 views of this exploded sect. 
 
 METIS, s. m., and adj.: a term, or epi- 
 thet, employed, in Natural History, to 
 designate an individual, Mestize,m.G., 
 engendered by parents which belong to 
 different species or varieties ; as the mixed 
 progeny of an European and an Indian, 
 and the mule among the lower animals. 
 In the language of Science, and especially 
 in its application to plants, the term, hy- 
 brid, see HYBRIDE, is commonly pre- 
 ferred. A mongrel-dog, Blendling, ein 
 Hund von zweyerley Art, G. 
 
 METOPANTRALGIE, s. f., metopantral- 
 gia, f. (piravrov, forehead, yran, a cavern, 
 Xyf, pain), L., Stirnholuenschmerz,
 
 MET 
 
 m. G., pain in : METOPANTHITE,S. f., 
 metopantritis, f. L.: inflammation, die 
 Entziindung, G., of, the frontal sinus, 
 metopantron, n. L., die Stirnhohle, G. 
 
 METOPOSCOPIE, s. f., metoposcopia, f. 
 (ftirea-rav, ffwria, to survey), L.., Stirn- 
 schau, f. G. : the art of distinguishing the 
 character, and temperament, of an indivi- 
 dual, by inspection of the forehead. C O ftt- 
 ru*offx.oveos, metoposcopist : a professor 
 of metoposcopy. 
 
 METRALGIE, s. f., metralgia, f. (ft^x, 
 the womb, Hxyos, pain), L., Gebarmut- 
 terschmerz, m. G., pain in the womb. In 
 like manner, the feminine substantives, 
 METRANASTROPHIE, metranastrophe, f. 
 L..,- and METREMPHHAXIE, -metrem- 
 phraxis, compounds of ftr,r^x, with a- 
 vafrixpri, and ^ipja|/j, are respectively em- 
 ployed to designate inversion, and obstruc- 
 tion, of the womb, die Umkehrung der Gc- 
 b'drmutter, und der Uterusinfarct, G. 
 
 METRENCHYTE, s.f., melrenchytes, f. 
 (ftriT^a,, eyxuffif, injection), L., Mutter- 
 spritze, f. G. : an instrument for, or the 
 act of, injection of topical remedies, Re- 
 media metrenchyta, L.., die Muttermittel, 
 Mittel zum Einspritzen in die Geb'drmut- 
 ter, G., into the womb. 
 
 METREURYSME, s. m., metreurysma, 
 n. (same, and tl^us, far extended), L., a 
 morbid dilatation of the womb, ein krank- 
 hafte Ausdehnung der Geb'drmutter, G. 
 
 METRITE, s. f., metritis, f. L.., Ge- 
 barmutterentzundung, f. G., inflamma- 
 tion of the womb, fi pyrga. METROCAMP- 
 SIE, s. f., metrocaiupsis, f. (same, and 
 x.a.p.^ts, flexure), L., die Umbeugung der 
 Geb'drmutter, G., flexure of the womb. 
 
 METROCAHCINOME, s. m., metrocarci- 
 noma, n. (^Jirga, the womb, xtt^xivwf^a., can- 
 cer), L., Mutterkrebs, m. G., cancer of 
 the womb. METROCELE, METRODYNIE, 
 
 METROLOXIE, metrocele, metrodynia, 
 
 metroloxia, f. L. : feminine compounds of 
 /KflTga, with xj{xi, oSuv, \ofls ; respec- 
 tively employed to designate hernia, see 
 HERNIE, and HYSTEROCEL.E ; pain, see 
 METHALGIE ; and obliquity of the womb. 
 
 METROMANIE, s. f., metromania, f. 
 (same, and ftavia., madness), L., Mutter- 
 wuth,f. G. Synon. with NYMPHOMANIE. 
 
 METROPERITONITE, s.f., metroperito- 
 nitis, f. L., Gebarmutterbauchentziind- 
 ung, fi G., inflammation of the womb, 
 ^jjVja, and peritoneum, TO <rigiTomev. ME- 
 TROPOLYPE,s.m., metropolypus,m.L., 
 Mutterpolyp, m. G., polypus of the womb. 
 
 METROPTOSE, s.f., metroptosis, f. (pii- 
 rja, and XTutris, falling down),L., Mut- 
 
 tervorfall, m. G., prolapsus uteri, 
 
 CHUTE de la matrice. METRORRHAGIE, 
 METRORRHEXIE, METROTOMIE : femi- 
 nine compounds of ^xVga, with ftiywpi, to 
 bunt forth, }&, rupture, and ropri, inci~ 
 378 
 
 MIC 
 
 sion ; respectively employed to designate 
 hamorrhage, rupture, and" incision of the 
 womb, Mutterblutfluss, -Gebarmutter- 
 riss, Gebarmutterschnitt, see CESARI- 
 EN, m. G. These terms may be latiniz- 
 ed, and anglicized, by conversion of the fi- 
 nal e into a, and ie and y ; oermanized, by 
 the prefix of the feminine article, die, 
 without such conversion. 
 
 MEURTRISSURE, s. f. See CONTUSIONS 
 
 MIASME, s. m., Miasma, n. (fiiar/to., a 
 stain or pollution), L., and G. : a term em- 
 ployed, in Pathology, to designate the ef- 
 fluvia which arise from the body of the 
 sick, and from animal and vegetable sub- 
 stances in a state of decomposition ; and 
 operate on the living system as an aerial 
 poison. MiASMATiauE, adj., miasmati- 
 cus, miasmatisch, miasmatic : pertain- 
 ing to, or produced by, miasm. 
 
 MICACE, adj., glimmerartig, G.: an e- 
 pithet applied, in Mineralogy, to sub- 
 stances which, as the micaceous schistus, 
 Schiste micace, F., G/wnmerschiefer, G., 
 are composed principally of mica : in Bo- 
 tany, used to specifically designate a plant, 
 Agaricus micaceus, which is covered with 
 pellicles exhibiting the lustre of mica. 
 
 MicROCARpE,adj., ^.ix^oxa^a;, klein- 
 friichtig, G., an epithet specifically ap- 
 plied, in Botany, to plants which, as Pa- 
 paver microcarpum, produce small fruit. 
 
 MlCROCEPHALE, adj., ft.ixox.i<pa*.i>s, 
 
 kleinkopfig, G. : an epithet employed, in 
 Zoology, and Botany, to specifically desig- 
 nate natural objects, which, as Monodon 
 microcephalus among the Cetacea, and E- 
 ryngium microcephalum among plants, are 
 distinguished, from their congeners, by 
 the possession of a small head. 
 
 MlCROCOSME, S. m., pix20>ti><rft,os, Mi- 
 
 crocosmus, m. L., and G., microcosm : li- 
 terally, a little world, a world in miniature, 
 die kleine Welt, Welt im Klein, G. ; and 
 hence applied, by some philosophers, to 
 Man, as the epitome of every thing admira- 
 ble in the universe, or great world, macro- 
 cosm, Macrocosme, F. 
 
 MICROLOGIC, s. f., ftixaahoyta., micro- 
 logia, f. L., Mikrologie, i. G., microlo- 
 gy : a term signifying, in the original 
 Greek, minute attention to detail or trifles, 
 Kleinlichkeitsgeist, m. G. ; but employed, 
 in Science, to designate the doctrine of mi- 
 nute objects, as microscopical animals and 
 plants, die Lehre von den sehr kleinen, 
 sog. mikroskopischen Thieren und Pflan- 
 zen, G. MICROGRAPHIE, s. f, micro- 
 graphia, f. (p.ix,0j, minute, <ygu<pa, to de- 
 scribe), JL., Mikrographie, G., the de- 
 scription of minute objects. 
 
 MlCHOPHONIE, S. f., pixgolpuvia, mi- 
 
 crophonia, f.L., a very small or weak voice, 
 eine sehr kleine oder schwache Slimme, 
 G. MICROPHONE, s. m., and adj., ^/xja-
 
 MIE 
 
 p&iva?, microphonus, L. : a term, or epi- 
 thet, applied to the subject of miorophony. 
 
 MICROPETALE, adj., micropetalus Qw- 
 X.P9S, small, riraXaV) a petal), L., klein- 
 blumenblattrig, G. ? micropetalous : an 
 epithet employed, in Botany, to specifi- 
 cally designate plants, which, as Dianthus 
 micropetalus, are distinguished, from their 
 congeners, by the possession of small pe- 
 tals. So, also, is the adj., MICROPHYLLE, 
 fiix^o/fuK^a;, kleinblattrig, applied to 
 plants which, as Lotus microphyllus, bear 
 small leaves ; and a species of Cheiropterous 
 Mammifer, Rhinolophus microphylla, whose 
 nostrils are furnished with a very small 
 leaf-like appendage: and MICRORBHIZE, 
 microrrhizus, kleinwurzelig, G., to 
 plants with a very small root (fiixga fi&). 
 
 MICROPYLE, s. m., micropyla, (pi- 
 xgog, ruXti, gate or passage), foramen ger- 
 minationis, L,., Keimloch, n. G. : in Bo- 
 tany, a minute orifice, situated near the hile 
 of the seed of plants. The uses, and even 
 existence, of the micropyle, have long been 
 a subject of controversy among botanists. 
 It is thus described in the Catechismus der 
 Boianik, Erstes Bandchen, p. 211 : " Eine 
 sehr kleine Oejfnung, nahe an der Keim- 
 grube, welche bis auf die Kernhaut geht, 
 und nach welcher die Spitze des Keim- 
 wiirzelchen hingekehrt ist." See, also, 
 Lindley, Introduction to Botany, p. 185. 
 
 MICROSCOPE, s. m., microscopium, n. 
 (pixies, minute, trxofiu, to survey), L., 
 Mikroscop, Vergrosserungsglas, n. G.: an 
 instrument, in Physics, destined for the 
 examination of minute objects. It may be 
 simplf or compound. M. solairc, F., a so- 
 lar microscope. M ICROSCOPIQUE, adj., 
 belonging to, or examinable only by, the 
 microscope : Conchse microscopicce, L., mi- 
 croscopic shells ; ein mikroskopischer Ge- 
 genstand, G., a microscopic object. See 
 Ledermuller, Mikroskopischer Gemuths- 
 und Augen- Ergotzung, 2 vols. 4to, 1760 ; 
 and Pritchard, Microscopic Illustrations, 
 8vo, London. 
 
 MlCHOSPHYXIE, S. f., pixzoffQufya, mi- 
 
 crosphyxia, f. L., Mikrospnyxie, f. G. ?, 
 smallness, or weakness, of pulse. M/xja- 
 <r<pvx<ros, adj., microsphyctus, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied to one, wer einen kleinen 
 Puls hat, G., who has a small pulse. 
 
 MIEL, s. m., pi*.i, Debash, of the He- 
 brews, mel, n. L.., Honig, n. G., ho- 
 ney : a mucoso-saccharine substance, ela- 
 borated in the stomach of divers Hymen- 
 opterous Insects, especially the honey-bee, 
 see ABEILLE, from the fluid of the 
 nectary of plants ; and deposited in the 
 cells of the comb, TO ^i^ixn^ov. Crude or 
 common honey, mel crudum vel vulgare, 
 L., roher oder gemeine Honig, G., or- 
 dinarily laxative and soothing, sometimes 
 exhibits violently drastic properties ; of 
 
 379 
 
 MIL 
 
 which it is divested by clarification, see 
 DfcspUMk. Weisser oder Jungfer Honig, 
 G., white or virgin honey. French and 
 German Officinal Preparations : an Oxymel, 
 Oxym. simplex, Ph. Ga//.,_Sauerhonig, 
 G. ; and Rose-Syrup, Mellitum de Rosis 
 (Mel Rosarum), L., Rosenhonig, G. The 
 
 French have, also, several other Mellites, 
 
 see MELLITE : as a Simple Syrup, Mel- 
 litum simplex ; a Simple and a Compound 
 Mercurial( vegetable) Honey, M. de Mer- 
 curiali (annua) simplex, et compositum; 
 and of Colchicum, M. de Bulbis Colchici; 
 of Copper, M. de Acetate Cupri, vulgo 
 UnguentumyEgyptiacum : and an Oxymel, 
 and Honey, of Squill, Oxym. et Mellit. 
 Scillicitum. MiELi.Eux,adj., p.i).ir<uln;, 
 mellitus, L., honigsuss, honigartig, G., 
 honeyed, honey-like : having the fla- 
 vour, or consistence, of honey. 
 
 MIGRAINE, s. f., migraena, f. t., me- 
 grim : a popular synon. of HfciiicRANiE. 
 
 MILIAIRE, s. f., and adj., miliaris, L. : 
 a term applied, in Pathology, to an exan- 
 thematous eruption, das Fnesetexanthem, 
 G., the vesicles of which resemble millel- 
 seed, MILLET, milium, L. Hence the 
 designation. Miliaria constitutes a genus 
 of the Order, Veticulce, of Willan. The 
 eruption, when accompanied by pyrexia, 
 assumes the name of miliary fever, Fievre 
 miliaire, F., febris miliaris, L., das Frie- 
 sel- oder //tw-fieber, G. ; and is arranged 
 among the cutaneous Phlegmasise of'Pi- 
 nel. See Nosographie Philosoph. v. ii, p. 9-1. 
 
 MILIEU, s.m., medium, n. L., and G. : 
 a term applied, in Science, to all solid, li- 
 quid, or gaseous bodies, which surround, 
 or afford passage to, other bodies. Thus 
 glass, and other transparent substances, are 
 the media traversed by light : and water, 
 and atmospheric air, respectively, the me- 
 dium in which fishes, and Mammifera and 
 birds, live and respire. 
 
 MILLE-FEUILLE, s. f., millefolium, n. 
 L., Schafgarbe, f. G. : in Botany, a spe- 
 cies of the genus, Achillea, seeAcniLLEE. 
 The common Milfoil is bitter, aromatic, 
 and stimulant. 
 
 MILLEPERTUIS, s. m. : a genus, in Bo- 
 tany, Hypericum (Polyadelphia,polyandr.), 
 L., das Johanniskraut, G., St. John's 
 Wort ; constituting the type of the Natu- 
 ral Family of the Hypericinees ; and com- 
 prehending numerous species. Of these, 
 the common, M. commun, F., H. perfo- 
 ratum, isaromaticands<tmwtew< ; another, 
 le Bois d' 'Acossols, F., H. sessilifolium, 
 yields, from its trunk, a. purgative juice; 
 and a third, H. bacciferum, supplies the 
 American Gomme-gutte, see GCTTIEH. 
 The uvrifHxav, of the Greeks, is the H. Com, 
 of modern botanists. 
 
 MILLET, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Milium ( Triandria,diffijn. ;
 
 MIN 
 
 das Milisgras, Hirsengras, G., Millet- 
 grass : also, the seed, Hirsenkorn, n. G., 
 of the principal species, M. effusum, 
 Hirse, f. G., Dochan, of the Hebrews, 
 and xiyxgos, of the Greeks. In Pathology, 
 the French designation of the miliary exan- 
 them, see MILIAIRE. 
 
 MILLIGRAMME, s. m. : the thousandth 
 part of the French GRAMME. MILLIME- 
 TRE, s.m. : thethousandthpartof the metre ; 
 nearly equivalent to two 5ths of the line. 
 
 MIMOSE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Mi- 
 mesis (Polygamia, monoecia , Leguminosae), 
 L,. ; formerly including numerous exotic 
 species, now partly transferred to other ge- 
 nera, as ACACIA, and Inga. The pods of a 
 species of the latter, olim, M. inga, en- 
 close a saccharine pulp, eaten, at St. Do- 
 mingo, as Pois sucrin : and Ihejruit of M. 
 now Acacia scandens, possesses, when 
 cooked, the flavour of the chestnut. Se- 
 veral species of Acacia, see, also, GOMME, 
 yield gum-arabic ; and an Indian conge- 
 ner, the catechu, seeCACHOu. The sen- 
 sitive plant, so deeply interesting to the 
 physiologist, from the phenomena which 
 it exhibits, is the M. sensitive/. MIMOSES, 
 s. f., pi. (pipos, a mimic), F., et L. : a term 
 applied, in Pathology, by Dr. Marshall 
 Hall, to a genus of diseases, characterized 
 by their incessant versatility of form and 
 situation. The genus is deficient in sound 
 principles of philosophical nomenclature 
 and arrangement ; and the variable phe- 
 nomena wnich it is meant to embody, as- 
 cribed, by Dr. Hall, to a gastric , are e- 
 vidently referrible to a cerebro-spinal, or 
 ganglionic, origin ; and consequently be- 
 long to the great nosological division of 
 the Neuroses. See Hall, On the Mimoses, 
 8vo. London, 1817- 
 
 MINERAL, s. m. F., n. G. : the desig- 
 nation of every inorganic body found in 
 the earth. Minerals differ from animals 
 and plants in increasing by juxta-position, 
 not by intus-susception, of their constitu- 
 ent molecules. They are divided, by Hauy, 
 into four Classes, the acidiferous, earthy, 
 combustible, and metallic. MINERAL, adj., 
 mineralis, L.: an epithet employed to 
 designate the third grand Division of na- 
 tural objects, the Mineral Kingdom, 
 fieyne mineral, F., das Mineralreich, G. 
 Mineral waters, aquae minerales,i,., mi- 
 neralische~Wiisser,G. SeeGmelin, Allgem. 
 Geschichtedermineral.Giftc,8o.Erfurt,18ll. 
 
 MINERALOGIE, s. f., mineralogia, f.L., 
 Mineralienkunde, f. G. : that part of 
 Natural History which treats on Minerals. 
 See Gmelin, Grundriss der Mineraloaie, 
 12mo. Gottingen, 1790. MINERALO- 
 GI^TE, adj., mineralogicus, mineralo- 
 
 gisch, mineralogical : pertaining to mi- 
 neralogy. MlNERALOGISTE , S. HI., 
 
 ralog, m. G., a mineralogist. 
 380 
 
 MOE 
 
 MINOHATIF, adj. Synon. with Ecco- 
 PROTIQUE, et LAXATIF. 
 
 MINUIT, s. m., ftstroYvx'riov, nox me- 
 dia, L., Mitternacht, f. G., midnight : 
 that period of the astronomical day, see 
 JOUR, at any given place, when the sun 
 passes the lower meridian of such place, 
 on the earth's surface. 
 
 MIROSPERME, s. m. : a genus, in Bo- 
 tany, Myroxylon (Decandria, monogynia ; 
 Leguminosce ), L. One of the species, a 
 native of South-America, furnishes the 
 Balsam of Peru, see BAUME. 
 
 MlSANTHROPIE, S. f., ftiffa.v/)<uVia, 
 
 misanthropia, f. L,., Menschenhass, m., 
 Menschenscheu, f.G., misanthropy : ha- 
 tred of mankind. MISANTHROPE, adj., 
 ftie-avtlgiaffos, misanthropus, L., Misan- 
 throp, in. G., a misanthropist. 
 
 MISOPSYCHIE, s. f., misopsychia, f. 
 (f*.i<riu, to hate, J'vxti, life), tedium vitae, 
 L., melancholy, with disgust of life, 
 Triibsinn mit Lcbenuberdruss, G. 
 
 MITHRIDATE, s. m., mithridatum, an- 
 tidotum mithridaticum, L. : in Pharmacy, 
 an electuary composed of numerous ingre- 
 dients ; and reputed to possess alexiphar- 
 mic properties, the invention of Mithri- 
 dales, King of Pontus and Bithynia. 
 
 MITRAL, adj., mitralis, L. : an epi- 
 thet employed, in Anatomy, to designate 
 the two triangular valves, Valmiles val- 
 vulse mitrales,F.,et L., die mutzenformi- 
 gen Herzklappen, G., which guard the 
 orifice of communication of the left or a- 
 ortic auricle, with the corresponding ven- 
 tricle, of the heart ; and resemble, in fi- 
 gure, a bishop's mitre, Mitre, F., mitra, 
 L., Mutze, G. : in Botany, thepileus of 
 certain Fungi, when, as in Helvetia, and 
 Morchella, it exhibits an approach to such 
 figure. MITREFOHME, adj., mitrseform- 
 is, L., mutzenformig,G., mitre-shaped : 
 as, in Anatomy, the left auriculo-ventricu- 
 lar valves of the heart ; in Conchology, 
 the shell of Mitra episcopalis ; in Botany, 
 the glume of Alopecurus pratensis. 
 
 MIXTE, adj., mixtus, L., vermischt, 
 G., mixed : an epithet applied, in ordi- 
 nary language, to a compound of two or 
 more different substances : hence synon. 
 with COMPOSE. MIXTURE, s. f., mistu- 
 ra, f. L., Mixtur, f. G. : in Pharmacy, a 
 fluid compound, of several ingredients ; as 
 the ~M.usK-mixture, Mixtura moschata, 
 Moschus-julep, of the German Dispensa- 
 tories. See JULEP, et POTION. 
 
 MOBILITY, s. f., mobilitas, f. L., Be- 
 weglichkeit, f. G., mobility : capability of 
 locomotion ; extreme nervous susceptibili- 
 ty, complicated with a convulsive tenden- 
 cy. MOBILE, adj., mobilis, beweglich, 
 moveable; readily excited. 
 
 MOELLE, s. f., (tvs*.os, medulla, f. L., 
 Mark, n.G., marrow : in Anatomy, an
 
 MOL 
 
 oily in Hammable juice, of whitish or yel- 
 lowish colour ; which fills the medullary 
 canal, and cellular tissue of the extremities, 
 of the long , the diploe of the Hat , and 
 interior of the short bones. It is supplied, 
 by exhalation, from the lining medullary 
 membrane, see MEDULLE ; and remains 
 fluid during life. 
 
 M. alongee (Protuberance cerebrale), F., 
 medulla oblongata, L., das verlangerte 
 Mark, G. : that portion of the spinal mar- 
 row which extends from the lower part 
 of the mesocephalon to the foramen mag- 
 num. M. epiniere, rachidienne, ou ver- 
 tebrate ( Prolongement rachidien de Penceph- 
 ale, Ch.), medulla spinalis, das Rucken- 
 mark, spinal marrow : the nervous cord, 
 which, of an irregularly cylindrical figure, 
 extends from the pons Varolii, through 
 the vertebral canal, to the level of the 
 2nd lumbar vertebra. It has a superior 
 extremity ( Bulbe rachidien, Ch.), contained 
 in the cranial cavity ; a body, or central 
 portion, divided into two lateral halves by 
 an anterior and posterior groove; and an 
 inferior extremity, exhibiting two protuber- 
 ances, one superior, ovoid and voluminous ; 
 the other, inferior, conical, and smaller. 
 The whole is invested by a firm fibrous 
 yellowish membrane, imperceptibly con- 
 tinuous with the pia mater, and by two 
 other tunics, prolongations of the arach- 
 noid, and dura mater; and is fixed, late- 
 rally, by a long ligamentous chord, see 
 DENTELE. For the later discoveries, and 
 observations, on the structure, functions, 
 and pathology, of the spinal cord, see the 
 writings of Bell, Grant, and of Marshall 
 Hall ; Rachetti, Delia Struttura, delle Fun- 
 zioni, et delle Mallattie della Midolla Spi- 
 ndle, 8vo, Milano, 1816; and Ollivier, 
 Traite de la Moelle Epiniere, et de ses Ma- 
 ladies, 2 vols, 8vo, Paris, etBruxelles, 1827- 
 MOELLEUX, adj., ^usXXaSxs, markig, 
 G., marrow-like, soft to the touch : as 
 the down of Somateria Anas mollissima ; 
 and the leaf of Verbascum thapsus. See 
 MYELITE. 
 
 Mois, s. m., ftriv, mensis, f. L., Mo- 
 nat, m. G., month : a period of time, 
 comprehending the 12th part of the year. 
 Mois, pi., menses, L. : a popular synon. 
 of MENSTRUES. 
 
 MOLAIRE, ou MEULIERE, adj., mola- 
 ris, molarius, belonging to a mill, mola 
 (ftu^n), L., mahlend, G., grinding : an 
 epithet employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate that portion of the teeth of man, and 
 other of the Mammifera, which are de- 
 stined to grind the food. The molar teeth, 
 
 see DENT, are distinguished, by 
 
 Chaussier, into the smaller, Petites mol- 
 laires, ou BICUSPIDEES ; and the larger, or 
 true grinders, MULTICUSPIDEES : in Zo- 
 ology, the teeth of the mandibles of cer- 
 
 381 
 
 MOL 
 
 tain phytophagous Insects, which exhibit 
 a flat and irregular surface. Glandes mo- 
 laires : two minute bodies formed by an 
 assemblage of mucous cryptze; situated in 
 the substance of the cheek, between the 
 Mtisseter and Buccinator muscles; and fur- 
 nished with an excretory duct which opens 
 into the buccal cavity, opposite the last 
 molar tooth. See CRANTERE. 
 
 MOLE, s. f., pfan, mola, f.L., Mond- 
 kalb, Muttermaal, n. G., false concepti- 
 on : in Obstetrics, a fleshy and insensible 
 mass, of variable figure and consistence ; 
 developed in the uterine cavity, and fi- 
 nally expelled, at an uncertain period 
 from its formation. The knee-pan, see 
 ROTULE, is, also, termed p. fa*, andmola, 
 by Greek, and Latin writers. 
 
 MOLECULE, s. f., molecula, f. L. : a 
 minute portion of a body. The molecule is 
 distinguished, by Chemists, into the inte- 
 grant, and constituent. The first, syn. with 
 particle, particula, f. L.., Theilchen, n. 
 G., forms part of all simple and com- 
 pound bodies; the mass of which is but an 
 aggregate of such molecules. The latter, 
 see A TOME, exists only in compound bo- 
 dies, which contain as many kinds of con- 
 stituent molecules, as there are different e- 
 lements. MOLECULAIRE, adj., molecu- 
 laris, L. : relating to molecules : molecular 
 attraction, A. molecitlaire, F. 
 
 MOLLESSE, s. f., softness : in Physics, 
 the condition of a body, the integrant mo- 
 lecules of which exhibit a slight cohesion. 
 Mollities ossium, L., KnochenweicMeif, 
 n. G., softening of the bones. 
 
 MOLGES, s. m. pi., Molgan, L. : a term 
 applied, by Ritzen, to an Order of the 
 Reptile Class ; comprehending the Sauri- 
 ans, and Batrachians, of other Zoologists. 
 
 MOLLET, s. m., le Gras de la Jambe, 
 sura, pulpa cruris, f. K, Wade, f. G., 
 calf of the leg : the projection formed by 
 the Gastrocnemius and Stoleus muscles, at 
 the posterior part of the pelvic extremity 
 of man, and certain of the Quadrumana. 
 
 MOLLETTE, s. f., Reibstein, m. G. : a 
 very hard stone employed, in Pharmacy, 
 for the trituration of medicinal substances. 
 
 MOLLUSQUE,S. m., molluscum (mollis, 
 soft), L., Weichthier, n. G. : in Zoology, 
 an invertebrated, soft-bodied animal ; de- 
 stitute of articulations, but furnished with 
 respiratory and circulating organs, and a 
 nervous system generally consisting of a 
 transverse series of ganglia disposed around 
 the oesophagus. The Mollusca, les Mol- 
 lusques, see MALACOZOAIRES, die Mol- 
 lusken, Weichthiere, G., constitute the 
 second Division, or Sub-regnum, of the A- 
 nimal Kingdom, see Regne Animal, v. iii, 
 
 E. 6, of Cuvier ; and is distributed, by 
 im, into six Classes, Cephalopodes, Ptero- 
 podes, Gasteropodes, Acephales, Brachiopodes,
 
 MON 
 
 et Cirrhopodes. Dr. Grant, commencing 
 at the lower grade of animal life, arranges 
 the Mollusca in the third Sub-regnum,un- 
 der the title of Cyoto-gaag&ata, see Cyclo- 
 pedia of Anatomy and Physiology, v. i, p. 
 107 ; and divides them into five Classes, 
 Tunicata, Conchifera, including the Ace- 
 phala, and Brachiopoda, of Cuvier, Gaste- 
 ropoda, Pteropoda, and Cephalopoda. The 
 Cirrhopoda, as exhibiting a conspicuous af- 
 finity with the Articulata in the distribu- 
 tion of the nervous system, are transferred 
 to the Sub-regnum of the Diplo-Neura. 
 From the striking peculiarities of struc- 
 ture and function, and the noxious, medi- 
 cinal, or dietetic properties, which they ex- 
 hibit, or possess, the Mollusca are objects 
 of great interest to the zootomist, the 
 physiologist, and physician. See Cuvier, 
 Memoires pour servir a mistoire des Mol- 
 lusques, 4to, Paris, 1817 ; Sander-Rang, 
 Histoire Naturelle des Apiysiens, Fol. Paris, 
 1828; and Art., HUITRE, of this work. 
 
 MOLYBDATE, s. m., molybdas, n. L. : 
 in Chemistry, a genus of salts, molybddn- 
 saure Salze,G., resulting from combina- 
 tion of the molybdic acid with salifiable 
 bases. This acid, Acide molybdique, F., 
 acidum molybdicum, L., die Molybd'dn-, 
 Wasserbleis&ure, G., is the third degree 
 
 of oxydation of molybdanum, MOLYB- 
 
 DENE, s.m., molybdaena, f. L., Moly fa- 
 dan, Wasserblei, G.; so termed from its 
 resemblance to lead, p'o*.v%os. The molyb- 
 dous oxide, Ox. molybdeux,!?., Molybd'dn- 
 oxydul,G., and the molybdic, Ox. molyb- 
 dique, Molybd'dnoTS.y&, are the first, and 
 second, degrees of oxydation of this metal. 
 
 MOMIE, s. f., mumia, f. L., Mumie, 
 f. G., mummy : the human body dried 
 previously to, or after, the process of em- 
 balming. So designated from the Arabic, 
 Mum, wax. 
 
 MOMORDIQUE, s. f. : a genus, in Bota- 
 ny, Momordica ( Monoecia, monadelphia ; 
 Cucurbitacete ), L., der Balsamapfel, G. ; 
 comprizing many of which M. elaterium, 
 der Esels- Balsamapfel, G., is the only 
 medicinal species. 
 
 MONAD ELPH IE, s. f., monadelphia, f. 
 (ftenas, one, aStX^oV, brother), L. : in Bota- 
 ny, a designation of the 16th Class, and 
 two Orders, of the Sexual System, of Lin- 
 naeus ; comprehending those plants, 
 
 Plantes monadelphes t Y., einbrudige Pflan- 
 zen, G., whose stamens are united, by 
 their filaments, into one packet, or brother- 
 hood. MONADELPHE, adj. : an epithet ge- 
 nerally designative of plants belonging to 
 Monadelphia ; and specifically, of others 
 which, as Dianthus monadelphus, although 
 not included in that Class, exhibit strictly 
 the monuilelphous character. 
 
 MONANDRIE, s. f., F., and G., monan- 
 dria (ftna, one, <iv>ij, vSj, male), L. : the 
 382 
 
 MON 
 
 name of one Class, and three Orders, in 
 the Sexual System of Linnaeus ; compre- 
 hending plants, whose flowers, Fleurs mo- 
 nandres,F.,einmannigeRluihen,G., pos- 
 sess only one male organ or stamen. Mo- 
 NANDRE, adj. : an epithet specifically de- 
 signative of plants ; which, as Haliogetum 
 monandrum, although not included in Mo- 
 nandria, yet exhibit the monandrous cha- 
 racter. MONANDRIQ.TTE, adj. : generally 
 of those which belong to Monandria. 
 
 MONANTHE, (fj,t>vas, one, u,v6os, flower), 
 adj., einblumig, G. : in Botany, designa- 
 tive of unifloral plants ; as Cassia monan- 
 Iha, one-flowered Cassia. 
 
 MONDAR, v. a., mondare, L. : in Sur- 
 gery, to cleanse a wound or sore : in Phar- 
 macy, to separate a substance from foreign 
 matters, or impurities,adventitiously mix- 
 ed with it. Sent monde, F., picked Senna. 
 
 MONGOI.E, adj. : in Anthropology, one 
 of the distinct races, or varieties, which 
 the human species exhibits, see HOMME. 
 The Mongolian race, R. Mongole, F., is 
 spread over a great portion of the north 
 of Asia, China, India, Thibet, and the Ar- 
 chipelago of the Molluccas. 
 
 MONILIFORME, adj., halsband-, perl- 
 schnur-, rosenkranzf'ormig, G., monili- 
 form : an epithet employed, in Oryctolo- 
 gy, and Botany, to specifically designate 
 animals, and plants, whose parts, or or- 
 gans, like the column of Encrinus monili- 
 formis, among the Crinoidea, and the stem 
 of Cactus moniliformis, among the Cacti, ex- 
 hibit the disposition of the beads of a 
 necklace, monile, L., Halsband, G., or 
 of a string of pearls, Perlschnur. 
 
 MONOCARPE, (pong, One, xagvoi, Seed), 
 
 adj., einfriichtig, G. : an epithet employ- 
 ed, in Botany, to specifically designate 
 plants; which, as Hippocrepis monocarpa, 
 are furnished with one seed. In like 
 manner, MONOCEPHALE, povoxiipaXos, 
 einkopfig, G. ; and MONOCERE, ^svoxi^a.- 
 
 <ros, are, respectively, applied to plants 
 
 which, as Cyperus monocephalus, have but 
 one head, or summit ; and animals which, 
 as Monodon monoceros, das Einhorn, G., 
 among the Preedentate Cetacea, are fur- 
 nished with only one horn, or tooth. 
 
 MOXOCLE, s. m., monoculus, m. L. : 
 an hybrid term, compounded of the Greek, 
 poius, one, and Latin, oculus, eye ; and em- 
 ployed, in Zoology, to designate a genus 
 of Crustacea, the eyes of which are so 
 closely situated as to exhibit the appear- 
 ance of only one eye. This genus has, by the 
 moderns, been distributea into several, as 
 Limn lux, Argulus, etc. In Surgery, a band- 
 age for one eye, ein'dugige Binde, G. 
 
 MONOCOTYLEDON, s. m., and adj., mo- 
 nocotyledoneus (f&ovos, xoTi/XsjSam, a coty- 
 ledon), L. : a term, or epithet, employed, 
 in Botany, to designate plants, MONO-
 
 MON 
 
 COTYLEDONES, pi., plantse mmocotyledo- 
 e,L., einsaamenlappige Pflanzen, G., 
 the seeds of which exhibit only one cotyledon. 
 These plantsconstitutethe second Class, 
 MONOCOTYLEDONIE, s. f., monocotyledo- 
 nia, f. L., see ACOTYLEDON, et DICOTY- 
 LfcooN, in the System of Jussieu; and 
 the fifth, Fhanerogames anglospermes mono- 
 cotyledones, in that of Brongniart. 
 
 MONOECIE, s. f., monoecia, f. (povos, 
 one, atxtx, house), L., die Monoecie, G. : 
 the name of the 21st Class, and of one Or- 
 der, in the Sexual System of Linnaeus ; 
 comprehending those plants in which the 
 male and female flowers grow separately on 
 the same individual. MoNOiQUE,adj. : an 
 epithet generally designative of plants, 
 einh'dusi(/e'Pfi&nzen,G., belonging to Mo- 
 noecia; specifically, of those which, as Ca- 
 rica monoica, although not included in that 
 Class, yet exhibit the monoecious character. 
 
 MONOEPIGYNIE,MONOHYPOGYNIE,Mo- 
 
 NOPERIGYNIE, s. f., Monoepigynia, Mo- 
 nohypogynia, Monoperigynia, f. L. : Class- 
 es, in the System of Jussieu ; respectively 
 comprehending wionocotyledonous plants, 
 with epigynous, hypogynous, and perigynous 
 stamens, die .Monokotyledonen mil epi-, 
 hypo-, und pmgynischen Staubfaden, G. 
 
 MONOGAMIE, s. f., F., andG., Monoga- 
 mia, f. ({tows, solitary, ya^aj, marriage), 
 L. : an Order of the 19th Class, in the 
 Linnsean System ; comprehending synge- 
 nesious plants, with isolated flowers. Mo- 
 NOGAMiQUE.adj., monogamicus, mono- 
 gamous : in Botany, pertaining to Mono- 
 gamia : in Zoology, living, as civilized 
 man, and many birds, in a state of monoga- 
 my. See POLYGAMIE. 
 
 MONOGASTRIQUE, adj., monogastri- 
 
 cus, L., monogastric, single-bellied, see 
 
 DlGASTRIClUE, et POLYGASTRIQUE. 
 
 MONOGYNIE, s. f., F., and G., Mono- 
 gynia, f. (povos, solitary, yuv, a female),L. : 
 the name of thirteen Orders in the Sexual 
 System of Linnaeus ; comprehending 
 plants, Plantes monogyniques, F., plantae 
 monogynicce , L., einweibige Pflanzen, G., 
 which have but one female organ, or pis- 
 til, in each flower. MONOGYNE, adj. : an 
 epithet specifically designative of plants ; 
 which, as ZygophyUum wM>rao<7ynwm,alth.ough 
 not belonging to that Order, yet exhibit 
 the monogynous character. 
 
 MONOMANIE, s. f., F., and G., mono- 
 mania, f. (paves, alone, p.y.via., madness), L. : 
 insanity on one subject ; explicable only, 
 it is said, upon phrenological principles. 
 Monomaniacus, adj., L., monomaniacal : 
 affected by, or pertaining to, Monomania. 
 
 MONOPAGIE, MONOPEGIE, s. f., rnono- 
 pagia, monopegia, f. L. : a vague and ill- 
 constructed synonym of HEMICRANIE. 
 
 MoNOPETALE,adj., monopetalus (f&ovo;, 
 
 solitary, wsraXov, a petal), L., einblumen- 
 383 
 
 MOR 
 
 bliittrig, G. ?, monopetalous : in Botany, 
 exhibiting, as Digitalis, a corolla of one pe- 
 tal. MONOPHYLLE, adj., monophyllus 
 (same, and <pt/XAv, a leaf), L., einbliittrig, 
 G., monophyllous : exhibiting a calyx, 
 of one leaf or piece. Specifically designa- 
 tive, also, of plants whose stem, like that 
 of Malajcis monophylla, has but one leaf. 
 
 MONOPSE, adj., ftov*,-^, unoculus, L., 
 einaugig, G., one-eyed: a legitimate 
 synonym of the hybrid, MONOCLE. 
 
 MONORCHIDE, adj., monorchis, L. : in 
 Zoology, a man, o pova^is, or other 
 male animal, qui unum tantum testem ha- 
 bet, L., wernur einen Hodenhat, G. : in 
 Botany, applied to a plant, einknollige 
 Pflanze, G., the root of which exhibits 
 only one tubercle. 
 
 MoNOsiTiE,s.f., fAovoffirix, monositia, 
 f. L. : the habit of taking only one meal 
 during the day. 
 
 MoxosfcpALE, adj., monosepalus, L. : 
 an epithet synon. in its application to the 
 calyx of plants, with MONOPHYLLE. Mo- 
 NOSPERME, adj., monospermus, L., ein- 
 
 samig, einkornig, G., monospermous : 
 
 containing one seed. 
 
 MONOTRKME, s. m., and adj., monotre- 
 ma (pave;, single, T^jJ^a, orifice), L. : a 
 term applied, by Cuvier, see Regne Ani- 
 mal, v. i., p. 233, to a Division of the Or- 
 der, Edentata ; comprehending those ani- 
 mals, MONOTREMES, F., Monotrcmata, 
 L. which, as Ornithorhynchiis,a.ndEchidna, 
 are furnished with only one orifice for the 
 evacuation of the semen, urine, and feces. 
 
 MONSTHE, s. m., monstrum, n. L., 
 rf j, Alissgeburt, f., Ungeheuer, n. G., 
 monster : in Zoology, and Botany, an or- 
 ganized body which exhibits an unusual 
 conformation of some, or the whole, of its 
 parts. See TERATOLOGIE. MONSTRUO- 
 SITE, s. f., monstruositas, deformitas, f. 
 L., Tjar;a, Missbildung, f., Missges- 
 talt, G., monstruosity. See GeofFroy- 
 St.-Hilaire, Philosoph. Anatom. des Mon- 
 slruosites humaines, 8vo, Paris, 1823. 
 
 MONT, s. m., mons, m. L., ojoj, 
 Berg, m.G., mount, mountain. Mont de 
 VenusJ?., monsVeneriSjL., derScham- 
 berg, G., see PENIL. MONTTCOLE, adj., 
 monticolus (mons, , colo, to inhabit), 
 L. : an epithet specifically designative of 
 animals and plants, which, as Ardca , 
 and Eugenia monficola, live, and grow, in 
 mountainous situations. 
 
 MORATE, s. m., moras, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, resulting from the 
 combination of moric acid, Acide morique, 
 F., acidum moricum, L., die Maulbeer- 
 holzsaure,G., with salifiable bases. This 
 acid exists, combined with lime, in the bark 
 of the white Mulberry-tree, Morus alba. 
 
 MORHIDE, adj., morbidus, L., verifo, 
 kranklich, G., morbid : resulting from,
 
 MOR 
 
 or pertaining to, disease, morbus,^. M OR- 
 RiFiQUE,adj., morbificus, L., krankma- 
 i-hend, G., morbific : exciting disease. 
 
 MORBILLECX, adj., morbillosus, L.: 
 connected with measles, Morbilli, L., 
 die Masern,G. 
 
 MORCEAU,S. m., morsel, bit. M. dedia- 
 ble, morsus diaboli, Li., Teufelsi/ss, G. : 
 a term sometimes applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the fimbriated extremity, also M.frange, 
 of the Fallopian tube : in Botany, to a 
 species of Scabiosrt, DeviFs-bit Scabious. 
 
 MORDICANT, adj., mordens, L., fres- 
 send, scharf, G., biting, pungent : as the 
 heat imparted to the hand of the examiner, 
 in some morbid conditions of the body. 
 
 MORELLE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 istilanum ( Pentandria,monogynia), L., der 
 Nachtschatten, G., Night-shade; consti- 
 tuting the type of the Solaneae, and com- 
 prizing several edible, medicinal, and poi- 
 sonous species, as the Potatoe, and Love- 
 apple, S, tuberosum, et lycopersicum, der 
 Erdapfel, Pomme de terre, F., und der 
 Liebesapfel.G-; the bitter-sweet, DOUCE- 
 AMERE, S. dulcamara, das Bittersiiss ; 
 and the black-berried Night-shade, and 
 mad apple, S. nigrum, et insannm, der 
 gemeine Nachtsch, und der Tollapfel. The 
 Germans have an Officinal Extract of the 
 twigs of thebitter-sweet, Bittersiisssten- 
 gelextract, much employed, internally and 
 topically, in chronic diseases. Antidotes 
 to itspoisonouseffects, the vegetable acids. 
 
 MORIFORME, adj., moriformis, L., 
 maulbeerf b'rmig, G., moriform : exhibit- 
 ing the figure of a mulberry, morus, L., 
 as the urinary concretion of oxalate of 
 lime, hence termed mulberry calculus. 
 
 MORILI.E, s. f. : in Botany, a genus of 
 plants, Morchella ( Cryptog amia, Fungi), 
 L., die Morchel, G. : comprizing, among 
 others,M.esculenta, theediblewiore/^once 
 regarded as powerfully aphrodisiac. 
 
 MORPHEE , s. f., morphsea, f. L. : a cuta- 
 neous, disease, derweisseHautfleck,G., 
 not accurately defined, but, probably, of 
 leprous character. See Bateman's Synopsis 
 of Cutaneous Diseases, p. 31. 
 
 MORPHINE, s. f., morphia, f. L., Mor. 
 phium, n. L., and G. : a solid alcali ; which 
 exists, combined with meconic acid, in 
 opium, and principally imparts to the lat- 
 ter, its peculiar properties. Violently 
 poisonous. 
 
 MORPION,S. m., Filzlaus, f. G., crab- 
 louse : a vulgar syn. of Pediculus pubis. 
 
 MORSUHE, s.f'., morsus, m. L., l^y^a, 
 Biss, m., Bisswunde, f . G., bite : in 
 Surgical Pathology, a lacerated and con- 
 tused wound. Inflicted by a healthy ani- 
 mal which instils no virus into the lesion, 
 it is termed simple ; complicated, when re- 
 sulting from the teeth of one naturally 
 noxious, or diseased, as the viper, or an 
 
 384 
 
 animal suffering from rabies. M. de chien 
 enrage, F., morsus canis rabidi, L., the 
 bite of a mad dog. Hydrophobia from the 
 bite of rabid animals, die Wasserscheu 
 vom Biss wiithender Thiere, G. 
 
 MoRT, S. f., mors, f. L., 6a.vans, 
 Tod, m. G., death : in Physiology, ex- 
 tinction of the vital principle. The only 
 unerring signs of it are stiffness and inci- 
 pient putrefaction. MORT apparente, see 
 ASPHYXIE. In Vegetable Pathology, a 
 disease of the bulb of Crocus sativus ; in- 
 duced by the presence of a parasitic fun- 
 gus, of the truffle genus. M. aux chiens, 
 dog-bane : a popular designation of Col- 
 chicum autumnale, die Herbstzeitlose, G. 
 
 MORTALITE, s. f., mortalitas, s. f., 
 Sterblichkeit, f. G. : 1. the number of 
 deaths occurring at, or within, a certain 
 age, or period of time, in any district or 
 country ; as noted in public records, hence 
 called bills of mortality, die S7erJelisten, 
 G. ; 2. the quality of every thing which, 
 as man, and all organized beings, is mortal, 
 
 M.ORTEL, adj., mortalis, ffanaruSti;, 
 
 or subject todeath ; and, 3. of every acci- 
 dent or body, which, as a mortal wound, 
 vulnus lethale, L., or mortal poison, ein 
 todliches Gift, G., is mortiferous, MOH- 
 TIFERE, adj., mortifer,L., or inevitably 
 produces death. 
 
 MORTIER, s. m., mortarium, n. L., 
 x,taf, Mb'rser, m. G., mortar : a vessel, 
 commonly formed of iron, brass, stone, 
 marble, glass, or wood, and employed in 
 pharmaceutical operations. 
 
 MORTIFICATION, s. f., mortificatio, f. 
 L., tixguiris, kalter Brand.G.: the death 
 of an isolated part, das Absterben einzel- 
 ner Theile, of a living body. See GAN- 
 GRENE. 
 
 MORUE, s. f. : in Ichthyology, a newly- 
 constituted genus, Morrhua ( Malacoptery- 
 ffii, Subbrach. ; Gadidce), L. ; comprizing 
 species which formerly belonged to the 
 LJnnsean genus, Gadus ; and principally 
 characterized by the possession of three 
 dorsal and two anal fins. The flesh of the 
 common corf, M- vulgaris, der Gabeljau, 
 G., constitutes a dietetic article, of high 
 commercial importance. SeeCuvier,Regne 
 Animal, v. ii. p. 331 ; Bloch, Naturgesch- 
 ichte der Fische, v. ii, pi. 64 ; and Yarrell, 
 History of British Fishes, v. ii, p. 143. 
 
 MOSCOUADE, s. f., roher JZucker.G., 
 coarse sugar, see SUCRE. 
 
 MOSCHTITE, s. m., die Mosquite, Mos- 
 kite,G., Mosquito : a troublesome exotic 
 insect ; belonging to the genus Culex (Or- 
 der Diptera, Fam. CuHcidce) ; and regard- 
 ed, by Entomologists, as a mere variety of 
 C. pipiens, or the common gnat. 
 
 MOTEUR, s. m., and adj., motor, L-, 
 bewegend, G., moving, imparting motion. 
 Muscle motor, a motor muscle ; force mo-
 
 MOU 
 
 trice, a moving force. The term is, also, ap- 
 plied to two nerves of motion distributed 
 on the muscles of the eye ; as le Nerf mo- 
 teur oculaire commun, et externe ( oculo- 
 musculaire comm. et ext. Ch.), F., Motor 
 oculi, vel oculo-muscularis, communis, et 
 externus,L., der gemeinschaftliche, und 
 der aussere Augenbewegende Nerv, G 
 These nerves exist in pairs ; and are the 
 3rd and 5th cerebral nerves, of anatomical 
 writers. MOTILITE, s. f., motilitas,f.L.: 
 the faculty of motion ; in anatomical lan- 
 guage, synon. withCoNTRACTiLiTE. 
 
 MOUCHE, s. f., ft puTa, musca, f. L., 
 a fly. Musca domestica, L., die gemeine 
 Stubeofliege, G., the common house-fly. 
 MOUCHES, pi. : the spurious or flying pains, 
 which commonly precedethe expulsive pa- 
 roxysms of the womb, in parturition. 
 
 MOUCHETURE, s. f. : a superficial punc- 
 ture or incision. MOUCHETE, adj., gut- 
 tatus, L., gctupfelt, G., spotted : an e- 
 pithet specifically designative of natural 
 objects whose surface is marked with mi- 
 nute white or coloured spots ; as, in Conch- 
 ology, the shell of Trochus maculatus : in 
 Botany, the stem of Conium maculatum ; 
 the leaf of Orchis maculata ; and the pilens 
 of Amanita muscaria. 
 
 MOUFFETTE, OU MoFETTE, S. f. : the 
 
 exhalation of gas unfit for respiration. 
 
 MOULE, s. f. : in Malacology, a genus of 
 animals, Mytilus, L., Muj, die Mus- 
 chel; belonging to the Sub-regnum, Mol- 
 lusca, Class, Acephala, of Cuvier, and Con- 
 chifera, of later zoologists; and consequent- 
 ly inhabiting a bivalve shell. It contains 
 several edible species ; the most common of 
 which, M. commune, F., M. edulis, die 
 essbare, oder gemeine, Miesmuschel, G., 
 induces, in certain states of the animal it- 
 self, or of the individual feeding upon it, 
 unpleasant or even fatal consequences. 
 
 MOURON, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, An- 
 agaUis(Pentandria, monogyn.; Primulacece), 
 L., the Pimpernel: one species of which, 
 le Mow: rouge, A. arvensis, das rothe 
 Gauchheil, G., possesses noxious proper- 
 ties. M. des oiseaux, Stellaria Alsine 
 media, der Huhnerdarm,G., chickweed. 
 
 Mousse, s. f., muscus, m. L., TO pviov, 
 Moose,f.G., moss: in Botany, the com- 
 mon designation of Cryptogamic Plants, con- 
 stituting the Order of the Mosses, MOUS- 
 SES, pi., Musci, die Moosen ; first esta- 
 blished by Tournefort. M. de Corse, Hel- 
 minthocortonCs'x^vfjaworm, %fyn>s, grass), 
 L., Wurmmoos, korsikanisches Moos,G. : 
 an admixture of marine plants and zoo- 
 phytes; employed, in decoction, as anthel- 
 minthic ; or administered, in the form of 
 jelly, to children. Probably indebted, for 
 its vermifuge properties, to the muriate of 
 soda and iron, which it contains. M. d*Is- 
 lande, see PSYCHIE. MOUSSEUX, adj., 
 385 
 
 MUC 
 
 muscosus, pviago;, pviubttf, moosig, G., 
 mossy : composed of, or resembling, moss. 
 
 Moxrssojr, s. m., Monsoon, Passat- 
 wind, m. G., Monsoon : in Meteorology, 
 the periodical wind, which blows, as in the 
 Indian Ocean and Red Sea, for a certain 
 season, first in one, and, afterwards, in a 
 perfectly opposite direction. 
 
 MOUSTACHE, s. f., ' pv<r<ra.$,, mystax, 
 L. ? Bakkenbart,m.G., mustachio : the 
 hair of the upper lip, labri superni barba, 
 L., in Man and divers Mammifera, as the 
 F elides ; the collection of feathers, or stiff' 
 hairs, which spring from the base of man- 
 dible in many birds, as Cypselus mystaceus. 
 
 MOUTARDE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Sinapis(Telradynamia,siliquos. ; Cruciferce), 
 L. ro ^ivviri, der Senf,G. the Mustard. 
 The seed, der Senfsame,G., of the black, 
 S.nigra, M. noire, schwarzerS^w/, is, 
 internally, stimulant, antiscorbutic, emetic ; 
 externally, rubefacient. The Germans have 
 an Officinal Mustard Ointment, Unguen- 
 tum Sinapeos, Senfsalbe ; a Wine, "Vi- 
 num Sinapinum, Senfwein ; and a Cata- 
 plasm, see SINAPISME. 
 
 MOUVEMENT, s. m., motus, m. L., n 
 xivnffis, Bewegung, f. G., motion, move- 
 ment : in Physics, removal from place to 
 place ; change of situation in a body or any 
 of its parts : in Pathology, synon. with ac- 
 tion : Ex. Mouvement FERRILE. 
 
 MOXA, s. m. : a term borrowed, from the 
 Chinese, by the European languages, to de- 
 signate a cylinder of cotton, ein Brenn- 
 cylinder,G. ; which is employed, in a state 
 of combustion, to cauterize the skin. The 
 people of China and Japan use the down 
 of Artemisia sinensis, see ARMOISE, in 
 the composition of moxa. 
 
 MUCATE, s. m., mucas, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, resulting from com- 
 bination of mucic acid with salihable bases. 
 This acid, Acide mucique,F., acidum mu- 
 
 saure, G., is the product of the action of 
 nitric acid upon gum and sugar of milk. 
 
 MUCILAGE, s. f., mucilago, f. L. : in 
 Ves 
 cipl 
 as 
 
 turn officinale, and the Malvaceae : in Phar- 
 macy, an Officinal Preparation of gum, or of 
 plants abounding in the mucilaginous prin- 
 ciple, as Mucilage of Acacia, Mucayo de 
 Gummo Arabico, Ph. Gall. ; and of Quince- 
 seeds, M. de seminibus Cydoniorum, 
 QuittenscAfeiwjG. MUCILAGINEUX, adj., 
 mucilaginosus,L., schleimig,G., mu- 
 cilaginous : of the nature of, or abounding 
 in, mucilage. 
 
 MucosiTK,s.f., mucositas, f. L., mu- 
 cosity. MUCOSITES, pi. : in Pathology, 
 fluids containing, or exhibiting the cha- 
 racters of, mucus. 
 
 2C
 
 MUL 
 
 MUCRONK, adj., mucronatus, L., sta- 
 chelspitzig, G. : terminated by an acute 
 point , as, in Anatomy, the xyphoid carti- 
 lage, C. mucrone : in Botany, the leaf of a 
 Statice, hence termed S. mucronata. 
 
 Mucus, s. m., F., et L., Schleim, m. 
 G. : in Animal Chemistry, an immediate 
 principle, Mucilage animal, secreted by 
 the mucous membranes ; and existing in a 
 solid state, in many of the harder parts of 
 the animal body. 
 
 MUGUET, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Convallaria ( Hexandria, monoyynia ; Aspa- 
 rageee), L., die Maiblume, G., Lily of 
 the Valley. Dried flowers of C. maialis, 
 le Lis des vallees, F., die gemeine Maibl., 
 G., sternutatory ; their distilled water re- 
 puted anti-nervine. Extract of leaves, and 
 root, bitter and purgative like aloes. The 
 Germans have an Officinal Vinegar, Mai- 
 blumenessig, of the plant. M. des bois, 
 see ASPERULE. In Pathology, the term, 
 Muguet, is applied to Infantile Aphthae. 
 
 MULATRE, s. m., and adj., Mulatte, 
 m.G., mulatto : in Anthropology, the off- 
 spring of a white and a black parent. 
 
 MULET, s. m., mulus, m.L., Maule- 
 sel, m. G., mule : in Zoology, an animal 
 resulting from copulation of the male ass 
 with the mare. The progeny of the horse 
 and female ass is le Bardeau, of the French. 
 In Natural History, syn. with HYBRIDE. 
 
 MULLE, s. m. : a genus, in Ichthyology, 
 Mullus ( Acanthopterygii, Percidcs), L. One 
 of the species, M. barbatus, vrai Rouget 
 ou Rouget-barbet, F., die llothbarbe, G., 
 plain red Mullet, see Cuvier et Valen- 
 ciennes, Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, vol. 
 iii,pl.70, was highly prized, by tlneGreeks 
 and Romans, as an article of diet. 
 
 MULTANGULAtRE, MtJLTANGULE, adj., 
 
 vieleckig, G., multangular, multangu- 
 late : exhibiting many angles ; as, in Bota- 
 ny, the stem 01 Cactus multangularis ; in 
 Conchology, the Shell of Tellina multangu- 
 la. MULTARTICULE, adj., multarticula- 
 tus, L., vielgelenkig, G., many-jointed : 
 as the antennae of most Insects; and the car- 
 pus of divers Crustacea. 
 
 MULTICAPSULAIRE, adj., multicapsu- 
 laris,L., multicapsular: an epithet appli- 
 ed to fruits with many capsules. MULTI- 
 CA ri.E, adj., vielstenglich, G., ioplants, 
 as Pelargonium multicaule, with many stems. 
 MULTICOCIUE, adj., multicoccus, L,., to 
 fruits with many berries. 
 
 MULTIDENTE, adj., multidentatus,L., 
 vielgezahnt, G., many-toothed. 
 
 MuLTiFiDE,adj., vielspaltig,G., ma- 
 ny-cleft : as, in Botany, the leaf of Ranun- 
 culus , and stigma of Crocus multifidus ; 
 and the style of Malva. MULTIFLORE, 
 adj-ymultittorus, L., vielblumig, viel- 
 bliithig,G., many-flowered. MULTILOBE, 
 adj., multilobatus, L., many-lobed. 
 
 386 
 
 MUR 
 
 MULTILOCULAIRE, adj., multilocular- 
 is, L., vielf achrig,G., many-celled; as, in 
 Botany, the fruit of Citrus. MULTIPART!, 
 adj., multipartitus, L., vieltheilig, G., 
 divided into many parts ; as the arille 
 of Myristica, and the leaf of Jatropha mul- 
 tifida. MULTIPETALE, adj., multipeta- 
 latus, L., see POLYPETALE". 
 
 MULTISILIQUEUX, adj., many-podded ; 
 as, in Botany, Hippocrepis siliquosa. MUL- 
 TivALVE,adj., multivalviSjL-j vielklap- 
 pig, vielspelzig, G. : composed of many 
 valvcs,or pieces ; as, in Conchology, the tes- 
 taceous covering of the Balanidae : in Bota- 
 ny, the capsule of Illlcium anisatum, Mur- 
 TOCULAIRE, adj ., multocularis, L., viel- 
 augig, G., many-eyed. 
 
 MULTOXGULE, adj., multungulus, L., 
 multungular. The Multungula, corres- 
 ponding with the BelliuB, of Linnaeus, and 
 Pachydermata, of Cuvier, and comprizing 
 animals which possess more than two claws, 
 or toes, in each foot, constitute the 7th Or- 
 der of Mammaliam the System of Blumen- 
 bach. See Handbuch dcr Naturgeschichte ; 
 or Gore's Translation, 8vo. London, 1825. 
 
 MuauEux, adj., schleimig, G., mu- 
 cous: an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to 
 designate a Class of membranes, M. mu- 
 queuses, F., membranae mucoscs, L., die 
 Schleimhaute, G., which secrete mucus : 
 in Pathology , diseases, which, as mucous 
 fever, Fievre ,Phlegmasie muqueuse,or a 
 mucous discharge, Ecoulement muqueux, 
 have their especial seat, or origin, in those 
 membranes : in Chemistry, an acid, see 
 MUCATE. Substantively used, also, as a 
 synonym of Gomme. 
 
 MURAL, adj., muralis, L. : an epithet, 
 designative, in Pathology, of the mulberry 
 calculus, see MORIFORME : in Zoology, 
 and Botany, Birds and Plants ; which, as 
 Cypselus murarius, and Chondrilla muralis, 
 creep along, or vegetate on,walls, Mwn',L. 
 
 MURE, s. m., morum, n. L. : in Bota- 
 ny, the/rai/, die Maulbeere, G., of Mo- 
 rus nigra, see MURIER : in Pathology, a 
 mulberry-like excrescence, developed on di- 
 vers parts of the human body, especially, 
 the greater angle of the eye. 
 
 MURENE, s. f. : a genus, in Ichthyology, 
 Murtena ( Malacopterygii, Apodes); consti- 
 tuting the type of the Murcenida, MURE'- 
 NOIDES, s. m., pi. For a figure of an Eu- 
 ropean species, M. Helena, M. commune, 
 F., n /Jt,va,iv., the mursene, highly valu- 
 ed by the Romans, see Y"arrell, British 
 Fishes, v. ii, p. 308. The eel, and conger, 
 heretofore comprized in this genus, now 
 form the genera, Conger, see CONGRE ; 
 and Anguilla, see ANGUILLE. 
 
 MURIATE, s. in., murias, n. L. : the 
 term by which the chloi-idcs and hydro-chlo- 
 rates, of modern Chemistry, were formerly 
 designated, see CHLORURE, et HYDRO-
 
 MUS 
 
 CHLORATE. MuRiATiQUE, adj., muria- 
 ticus,L., muriatic, HrDROCHLORiQUE. 
 MuRiER,s.m.: a genus, in Botany, Mor- 
 us (Monoecia, tetrandr. ; Urticeat), L., der 
 Maulbeerbaum, G., the Mulberry-tree. 
 Leaves of the white, M. alba, M. blanc, 
 F , constitute, in the South, the princi- 
 pal food of the silkworm, or caterpillar of 
 Bombyx mori : bark of the root, anthelmintic. 
 The berry, TO fiogev, see MURE, of the 
 black, M. nigra, Murier noire, fi ftagia, 
 is gratefully acid, and laxative. 
 
 Muse, s. m., porous, moschus, m. L., 
 Musk, Bisam, m.G.: a solid odoriferous 
 substance ; found in a pouch situated near 
 the anus of a male Ruminant Mammifer, 
 Moschus moschiferus, Chevrotain porte- 
 musc, F., das Bisamthier, G., see Cours 
 Complet d'Hist. Natur. Medic. &c. vol. i, p. 
 27, pi. 2. Mush is powerfully stimulant and 
 antispasmodic. French and German Offici- 
 nal Preparation : a Tincture, Tinctura de 
 Moscho, Ph. Gall., Moschustinctur, G. 
 The French have, also, an Ethereal Tinct- 
 ure, T. ^Ethereade Moscho: the Germans, 
 a Julep, Moschusjulep ; and an Artificial 
 Musk, Resina Succini balsamica, seu M. 
 artificialis, Kunstlicher Bisam. Although 
 affording the substance in no distinct form, 
 many animals and plants, as the musk-ox, 
 Bos moschatus, le Bceuf musque, F., 
 der Bisamstier, G., the musk-beetle, Ce- 
 rambyx moschatus, das .Bisawzbockchen, 
 see CAPRICORNE, and musk-mallow, Mal- 
 va moschata, die Bisammalve, exhale the 
 odour of musk. See, also, ABELMOSCH. 
 
 MUSCADIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Myristica ( Polyandria, monogyn.; Myristi- 
 cea), L.., der Muskatenbaum,G., Nut- 
 meg-tree. The fruit, MUSCADE, s. , 
 nux moschata, L,., die Muskate, Muska- 
 tennuss, G., of M. moschata, aromatic, sti- 
 mulant, and narcotic, yields an Expressed 
 Oil, Oleum Expressum de Nuce Myristi- 
 ca, Ph. Gall., Ausgepresstes Muskatol, 
 G. ; and a Distilled Oil, Destillirtes Mus- 
 katnussol. For arillus of fruit, see MACIS. 
 
 MUSCICAPULE, adj., -fly-catching : an e- 
 pithet designative of plants which, as Dio- 
 
 noaa, and Silene muscicapula, ensnare flies 
 
 MuscivORE,adj., -fly-devouring: of ani- 
 mals which, as Turdusmuscivorus, feed prin- 
 cipally on flies. 
 
 MUSCLE, s. m., a pus, punt, musculus, 
 m. L., Muskel, m. G. : in Anatomy, the 
 designation of reddish, vascular, and high- 
 ly contractile organs, whereby the move- 
 ments of the animal body are, for the most 
 part, executed. MUSCULAIRE, adj., pu- 
 u&ns belonging to, or performed by, the 
 muscles : Exs. Fibres musculaires ou char- 
 nws,F., die MuskelfasernyG., the fleshy 
 fibres which, by their congregation, form 
 the body of a muscle ; arteres, et veines, mus- 
 culaires, the blood-vessels which convey 
 
 387 
 
 MUT 
 
 blood to, and from, the muscular system, _ 
 Systema musculare, L. : Mouvement muscu- 
 laire, F., die Mse/bewegung, G., _ mus- 
 cular motion. Myasthenia, s. f., L., _ die 
 Muskelschwache, G., muscular debility. 
 
 MUSCOLOGIE, s. f., F., and G. ? : that 
 part of Botany which treats on the History 
 of the Mosses. See Hooker's Muscologia 
 Exotica, 2vols8vo. MUSCOLOGIQUE, adj., 
 muscologicus, muscologisch,G., mus- 
 cological, pertaining to : MUSCOLO- 
 GISTE, s. m., a student o Muscology. 
 
 MusciJLO-CuTANE, adj., musculo-cu- 
 taneous : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to two nerves ; from their peculiar distribu- 
 tion : as, 1. Nerf w.-CuTANfe externe, F., 
 
 nervus musculo-cutaneus externus, vel 
 Perforans Casserii, aiisserer Mushelhaut- 
 nerv,G. ?, the 3rd branch of the axillary 
 plexus ; which, perforating the Cofaco-bra- 
 chialis, is distributed on the other muscles 
 of the arm, and integuments of the fore-arm 
 and hand ; and, 2. JV. m.-cutane de la jambe 
 ( pre'tibio-digitaljCh.), which, supplied by 
 the peroneal, gives branches to the muscles 
 of the anterior and external regions of the 
 leg ; and, becoming superficial, is lost on 
 the integuments of the ankle and foot. 
 
 MUSCULO-RACHIDIEK, adj., musculo- 
 rachideus, L.: an epithet designative of 
 the posterior branches of the intercostal, 
 lumbar, and sacral arteries ; from their 
 distribution on the muscles and spine. 
 
 MUSEAU, s. m., rostrum, n. L., die 
 Schnauze, G., snout : the elongated face 
 of certain Mammijera; as the hog and fox. 
 M. de tanche, os tincse, L. : the exterior, 
 or vaginal, orifice of the uterus, der a'us- 
 sere Muttermund, G. 
 
 Mu SICOMANIE, MUSOMANIE, S. f., fcav- 
 
 ffofiavia, musicomania, f. L., Musikoma- 
 nie, f.G. : a variety of monomania ; charac- 
 terized by an extravagant passion for mu- 
 
 sic, MUSIQUE, S. f., V p,ouffix,n (ri^iri), 
 
 musica, musice, f. L., die Musik, Ton- 
 kunst, G., or poetry. 
 
 MUSQUE, adj., moschatus, L.., bisam- 
 duflend, G., musky, exhaling the odour 
 of musk, see Muse. 
 
 MUSSITATIOI]-,S. f., mussitatio,f. (mus- 
 sito, to mutter), L,., das Murmeln, G., 
 muttering : in Pathology, a morbid phe- 
 nomenon ; which consists in movement of 
 the lips of the sick, without the produc- 
 tion of articulated sounds. 
 
 MuTACisME,s. m., mutacismus,m.L.: 
 a variety of impeded utterance, consisting 
 in difficulty of enunciation of the labial 
 consonants, as B., P. and M. ; which leads 
 to their frequent repetition, or the substi- 
 tution of other letters for them. 
 
 MUTILATION, s. f., mutilatio, f. L,., 
 #wgup.ec, Verstiimmelung, f. G.: loss of 
 a limb, or other important organ, or por- 
 tion, of the exterior of the body. MUTILE, 
 
 2C2
 
 MYO 
 
 adj., mutilatus, vrm^uttis, verstiimmelt, 
 G., mutilated : in a state of mutilation. 
 
 MUTIQUE, adj., muticus, L., unbe- 
 wehrt, wehrlos, G., unarmed : destitute 
 of points or prickles. 
 
 MUTISME, s. m., MUTITE, s. fir die 
 Stummheit, G. : the condition of an indi- 
 vidual incapable of articulating sounds. 
 
 MYDESE, s. f., mydesis, f. L. : a term 
 borrowed from the Greek, pvStifis, and li- 
 terally signifying mouldiness or putridity ; 
 but employed, in Pathology, to designate 
 a purulent discharge from the eve-lids, 
 feuchte Vereiterung der Augenlieder, G. 
 MYDRIASE, s. f., pu^'miris, mydriasis, 
 f. L. : according to some authors, morbid 
 dilatation of the pupil of the eye, die 
 krankhafte Erweiterung der Pupille, G., 
 with little or no diminution of sensibili- 
 ty of the retina : to others, the weakness 
 of vision, consequent on Hydrophthalmy. 
 MYEUTE, s.f., myelitis, f. L., Mark- 
 entziindung, f. G., inflammation of the 
 spinal marrow, see MOELLE ; and Berga- 
 maschi, Sulla Mielitide Stenica, etc , 12mo, 
 Pavia, 1820. MYELOPHTHISIE, s. f., 
 myelophthisis, tabes dorsalis, f. !.., Riick- 
 endarre, f. G. : wasting, from chronic irri- 
 tation of the spinal cord. 
 
 MYGALE, s. f., F., et L. : a genus of Ar- 
 ticulated Animals, Class, Arachnida, The 
 bird-spider, M.avicularis, dieVogelspin- 
 ne, G., a native of South-America, suffi- 
 ciently large to attack small birds, hence 
 its name, inflicts a dangerous wound. 
 See Linncean Transactions, v. ii, pi. !? 
 
 MYLABRE, s. m., Mylabris, L. : a ge- 
 nus of Coleopterous Inserts; nearly allied to 
 the Cantharida. One species, M. de la chi- 
 coree,F., indigenous in France, is employ- 
 ed, by the Chinese, as a substitute for the 
 blistering-fly ; and was, probably, the real 
 Cantharis, of the Ancients. 
 
 MYLO-GLOSSE, s. m., and adj., Mylo- 
 glossus, I.., Kieferzungenmuskel, G. : a 
 term applied, by Winslow, to muscular fi- 
 bres which, ordinarily considered as a por- 
 tion of the Constrictor pharyngis superior, 
 extend from the posterior part of the mylold 
 line of the lower jaw to the parietesof'the 
 pharynx. Distinguished, by Valsalva, as le 
 
 MYLO-PHARYNGIEN, Mylo-pharyngeus, 
 
 L,., der Kieferschlundmuskel, G. 
 
 MYLO-HYO'IDIEN,S. m., and adj., mylo- 
 hyoideus, L. : the name of a muscle, -der 
 lieferzungenbeinmuskel,G. ; which, situ- 
 ated in the jugular region, extends from 
 the internal oblique mylold line of the 
 lower jaw, to the os hyoides. 
 
 MYOCKPHALE, s. m., p.vmx.iQa.Xoi, my- 
 ocephalum, n. L., Fliegenkopf, m., ein 
 kleiner Vorfall der Iris durch die Cornea, 
 von der Form eines Fliegenkopfes, G. : in- 
 cipient staphyloma, exhibiting the figure 
 (and volume) of the head, xe<paA., of the 
 
 388 
 
 MYR 
 
 common fly, pu7a, see MOUCHE. Kraus, 
 Mediclnlsches Lexikon, p. 5 18, correctly 
 observes that Myiocephalum, L., and, con- 
 sequently, MYiocfcpHALE, F., is the pro- 
 per construction of this term. 
 
 MYOCEPHALITE, s. f., myocephalitis, f. 
 L. : inflammation (gouty or rheumatic) of 
 the muscles of ihehead, eine Entziindung 
 der Kopfmuskeln, G. 
 
 MYOCCELIALGIE, s. f., myocrelialgia, 
 f. (ftus, a muscle, *jX/, the belly, aXyay, 
 pain),L., Bauchmuskelschmerz,m. G., 
 pain in : MYOCCELITE, s. f., myocoslit- 
 is.f.L., Bauchmuskelentzundung.f.G., 
 inflammation of the muscles of, the belly. 
 MYODYNIE, s. f., myodynia, f. (pvs, 
 o3i/'x, pain),L., derMuskelschmerz, G., 
 pain of the muscles, rheumatism. 
 
 MYOGRAPHIE, s. f., myographia, f. 
 (/j.vf, and y^titpu, to describe), L.., die 
 Beschrelbung der Muskeln, G., myogra- 
 phy, a description of : MYOI.OGIE, s. f., 
 myologia,f. (same, and Xayaj, a discourse), 
 L.., die Myologie,Muskellehre,G., my- 
 ology, a Treatise on the muscles. 
 
 MYOPALME, s. m., myopalmus (pvs, 
 and n-aX^as, agitation), subsultus tendin- 
 um, m.L., das Sehnenkupfen,G., twitch- 
 ing of the tendons. MYOPATHIE, s. f., my o- 
 pathia, f. L., das Muskelleiden, die Mus- 
 kelkrankheit, a morbid condition of muscles. 
 MYOPE, adj., myops, L., short-sight- 
 ed : an epithet applied to an individual, 
 a ft,vu^, ein Myops, Kurzsichtiger, G., 
 who suffers from, M YOPIE, s. f., ftvuvr'ia, 
 myopia, f. L., die Kurzsichtigkeit, G., 
 myopy, short-sightedness. 
 
 MYORRHEXIE, s. f., myorrhexia, f. 
 (pu;,& muscle, pi%is, rupture), L., die Zer- 
 relssung eines oder mehrer Muskeg G., 
 rupture of one or more muscles. 
 
 MYOSE, s. f., myosis, f. (pvu, to close), 
 L. : permanent contraction of the pupil ; 
 ordinarily consequent on iritis. 
 
 MYOSiTE,s.f., myositis(myitis,Kraus), 
 f. L., Muskelentziindung, f. G. : inflam- 
 mation of the muscles, acute rheumatism. 
 
 MYOTILIT fc, s. f., myotilitas, f. L. : mus- 
 cular contractility, according to Chaussier. 
 
 MYOTOMIE, s. f., myotomia, f. (fiiJs, a 
 muscle, roftti, incision),L., die Myotomie, 
 die Zerlegung der Muskeln,G., myotomy, 
 dissection of the muscles. 
 
 MYRIAPODE, s. m., and adj., pv^'oirov; , 
 many-footed. MYRIAPODES, pi., My- 
 riapoda, L., die Myriapoden, G. : a de- 
 signation applied, by Cuvier, to a Family 
 of Insects, of the Order, Aptera ; by La- 
 marck, to a Family of the Arachnida ; by 
 Eichwald, to an Order of Crustacea ; and, 
 by Blainville, and Latreille, to a distinct 
 Class, comprizing articulated animals with 
 an Indefinite number of feet. 
 
 MyRiciNE,s.f., myricina,f. L. : a term 
 given, by John, to one of the two substan-
 
 MYR 
 
 ces which enter into the composition of 
 bee's-wax, see CIHE ; so named, as exist- 
 ing abundantly in the wax-like product of 
 
 die Ameisenwarzen,G.; developed in the 
 palmar and plantar regions ; and produc- 
 tive of painful itching, like that induced 
 by a swarm of ants, n fiu^nxia,. 
 
 MYRIOPHYLLE,adj (t.Vi'oQu\Xos, tail- 
 
 sendblattrig, G. ?, many-leaved; as, in Bo- 
 tany, Ranunculus myriophyllus. 
 
 MYRisxicfeES, s. m., and adj., pi., My. 
 risticete, L.: a Family of plants ; having, for 
 type, the genus Myristica, MUSCADIER. 
 
 MVROBALAV, s. m., myrobalanus, m. 
 L., die Myrobalane, Salbennuss, G. : the 
 pharmaceutical designation of fruits, the 
 dried produce of divers Indian plants, of the 
 genus, Terminalia, see BADAMIER. Le 
 M. emblic, F., * ^ujaSaXavoj, of the later 
 Greeks : the fruit of Phyllanthus emblicus. 
 
 MYHRHE, s. f., myrrha, f. L., My rrhe, 
 f. G. : a gum-resin which exudes from the 
 bark of an Arabian plant, till lately un- 
 known, but now believed to be Balsamoden- 
 dron myrrha (Oclandria, monogynia, Linn.), 
 of the Natural Family of the Terebintha- 
 ce<B. Myrrh, pvffa'of iheGreek ,Mor, 
 of the Hebrew , and Morr, of Arabian 
 writers, is fragrant, bitter, and aromatic. 
 French and German Officin. Preparations : a 
 Watery Extract, Extractum Myrrhae,PA. 
 Gall., Wasseriges Myrrhenextract,G.; a 
 Tincture, Tinctura de Myrrhl, Myr- 
 
 MYU 
 
 rhentinctur. German : an Ethereal Oil, 
 Aetherisches Myrrhenb'l. M YRRHOLOGIE, 
 a. f., Myrrhologia, f. L.: a Treatise on 
 Myrrh; as that published by Polisius, 1688. 
 
 MYRTE, s. m.: a genus, in Botany,Myr- 
 tus (Icosandria, monoyyn.}, L., die Myrte, 
 G., the Myrtle; constituting the type of 
 the MYRTACEES, s. m., pi., Myrtaceee, vel 
 Myrti, L., die Myrten-Familie, G. ; and 
 com prizing, with other species, the common, 
 M. communis, t> p,v%ros. The valuable 
 plants, now forming the genera, Caryophyl- 
 lus, see GIROFLIER, and Pimenta, All- 
 spice, were once included in this genus. 
 
 MYRTIFORME, adj., myrtenformig,G., 
 myrtiform, exhibiting the^ureof a leaf 
 of myrtle, see MYRTE: an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, 1 . to a muscle, Muscle myrti- 
 forme, F., which forms part of the Labi- 
 al, of Chaussier, see ABAISSEUR ; 2. to 
 certain tubercles, Carunculae myrtiformes, 
 L., see CARONCULE, of the female vagi- 
 na ; and, 3. a depression, Fosse myrtiforme, 
 ou Incisive, of the sup. maxillary bone. 
 
 MYTILACEES, s. m., and adj., pi., Myti- 
 lacetB, velMytil^L,., die Mytilaceen,G.?: 
 in Malacology, a Family of Acephalous, or 
 Conchiferous, Mollusca ; having, for type, 
 the genus, Mytilus, see MOULE. 
 
 MYURE,adj., mauseschwanzenartig.G., 
 resembling the tail, f> ol^a, of a mouse, 
 o ftvs-. an epithet designative,in Pathology, 
 of a pulse, Pouls myure, F., which grows 
 progressively smaller in the stroke: in Bota- 
 ny, of aplantwhich, as Festuca myura, ex- 
 hibits a long and gradually tapering spike. 
 
 N. 
 
 NAG 
 
 NAI 
 
 NACRE, s. f., ftupyetpt, margarita,f.L., 
 Perle, Perlemutter, f. G., pearl, mo- 
 ther of pearl: the internal part of cer- 
 tain univalve and bivalve shells, especially 
 the Pearl-Oyster, Avicula margaritifera, 
 a f^cc^yK^os, der Perlen-Auster, G. Em- 
 ployed, for handles, in the manufacture of 
 surgical instruments. NACRfc, adj., pa.^- 
 <yaga$tis, perlenartig,G.: an epithet appli- 
 ed to animals, whose shell, as that of Telli- 
 na margaritina, contains ; or body,as that 
 of Nereis margaritacca, resembles, pearl. 
 
 N^EVUS, s. m. : a term introduced, from 
 the Latin, to designate cutaneous spots, and 
 blemishes, of divers kinds; which exist in 
 new-born children. The mother-mark, N. 
 maternus, das Muttermal,G., has been 
 erroneously attributed to the influence of 
 the parent's appetites, or imagination, on 
 her progeny. 
 
 NAGEANT, adj., nans, nantis, L., 
 
 schwimmend, G., swimming : an epithet 
 generally designative ofrtm'm/s,and plants, 
 which, as the Cetacea, Amphibia, and Fishes, 
 
 389 
 
 and the male plant of Valisneria spiralis, 
 swwwin,orupon,thewaters; specifically, of 
 those, as Drabanatans, whose leaves sustain 
 them on the water's surface. ~DieSchwimm- 
 blase der Fische, G., the swimming-blaA- 
 der, vesica aerea, L., of Fishes. 
 
 NAGEOIHE, s. f., srTsg&^a, pinna, f. L., 
 Finne, Flosse, Flossneder, f. G., h'n : 
 the organ of locomotion of Fishes. Fins 
 are distinguished, from the situation which 
 they occupy; as anal, caudal, dorsal, pectoral 
 or thoracic, and ventral, After-, Schwanz-, 
 Kiicken-, Brust-, und Bauch/Zosse, of the 
 Germans. Employed, by Linnaeus, as the 
 characters of the four Orders into which 
 Osseous Fishes have been distributed; by 
 Cuvier, as the basis of arrangement of the 
 Malacopterygii. SeeAfiDOMiNAL, APODE, 
 CAUDAL, DORSAL, SUBBRACHIEN. 
 
 NAIK, s. m., and adj., vva;, vvvaJSj,. . 
 nanus,pumilo, ptunilus, L., zwerg, zwer- 
 gig,G., dwarf,dwarfish : a term,or epithet, 
 uesignative of animals, as Man; and plants, 
 as dwarf. elder, derNiederholder,G., and
 
 NAS 
 
 dwarf furze, Ulexnanw, which are con- 
 spicuously distinguished froraothersof their 
 species, or congeners, by diminutive size. 
 
 NAPTHE,S.I., va^a, naptha,f. L., 
 die Naphthe, das Steinb'l, G. : a term, of 
 Chaldee or Syriac origin ; employed to de- 
 signate a liquid inflammable bitumen, which 
 exists, naturally, in Persia, Calabria, and 
 Sicily. Reputed sedative and anthelminthic. 
 NARCAPTHE,S. m. : the bark of the tree 
 which furnishes olibanum, see OLIBAIT; 
 employed, in fumigation, for the cure of 
 pulmonary diseases. 
 
 NARCISSE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Narcissus ( Hcxandria, monogyn.)^Li,^ con- 
 stituting the type of the Family of the 
 NARCISS^ES, s. m., pi., Narcissece, L., 
 of the French. N. des po'ctes, F., N. poeti- 
 cus, a Najx/ovaj, of the Greeks. N. des prcs, 
 des fiois, N. pseudo-narcissus, die dop- 
 pelte Narcisse, G., daffodil, emetic, and 
 antispasmodic. The genus derives its de- 
 signation from vxj, stupor, in allusion to 
 the narcotic odour exhaled by the flowers. 
 NARCOSE, s. f., vapxaa-i;, narcosis,f.L., 
 Betaubung, Fuhllosigkeit,f.G., numb- 
 ness, insensibility, especially, according to 
 pathological writers, of the lower limbs. 
 
 NARCOTINE, s. f., narcotina, f. L., die 
 Narkotin,G.: a vegetable alcali ; discover- 
 ed, in opium, by fierosne : improperly so 
 named, as possessing no narcotic influence. 
 NARCOTIQUE, adj., vagxunxos, be- 
 numbing, stupifying, inducing narcotism, 
 NARCOTISME, s. m., narcotismus, m. 1L., 
 die narkotische Zustand,G., the stupor, 
 and morbid sleep, which result from the 
 operation of narcotic remedies, remedia 
 narcotica, L., die betaubenden Mittel, G. 
 NAHD, s. m., nardus, m. L. : a term 
 designative, in Botany, and Materia Me- 
 dica, of divers plants, or roots of plants, as 
 N. celtique, Valeriana celtica, v vufias, of 
 the Greeks ; N. commun, of Lavandula 
 spica, see LAVANDE : N. indique, of the 
 root of Andropogon nardus ; sauvage, of 
 that of Asarum Europceum, see ASARET. 
 NARINE, s. f., naris,f. L.., Nasenloch, 
 f. G., nostril : a term applied to each of 
 the two external orifices, < p'mt, of the 
 nose. Thesyn.NASEAU,s. misapplied only 
 to the lower animals, especially the horse. 
 Narines posterieures, die hintern Nasen- 
 locher, G., see ARRIERE-NARINES. 
 
 NASAL, adj., nasalis, L., zur Nase ge- 
 horig, G., constituting, pertaining to, 
 proceeding from, or situated in, the nose : 
 as, in Anatomy, the two nasal bones, Os 
 nasaux, F., ossa nasi, L., die Nasen- 
 beine, G. ; the nasal fissure, E'chancrure 
 nasale JVasebeinausschnitt, ofthefron- 
 tal , and nasal process, Apophyse nasale, 
 processus nasalis, der JVasenfortsatz, 
 of the superior maxillary bone : the nasal 
 Arteries, die jVosenschlagadern .branches 
 
 390 
 
 NAT 
 
 of the ophthalmic ; and veins, die Nasen- 
 venen. In Pathology, hemorrhage, He- 
 morrhagie nasale, see EPISTAXIE, taking 
 place from and polypus, p. nasalis, I*., 
 der 2Vo5enpolyp, G., developed in the 
 nasal cavities, Fosses fossae nasales, F., 
 et L.., die inneren JVaaerehohlen, G. 
 
 NASILLEMENT, s. m. : the alteration of 
 voice consequent on obstruction, or oblite- 
 ration, of the nasal cavities. 
 
 NARWHAL, s. m. : a genus, in Zoology, 
 Monodon (Mammifera, Cetacea, Delphinid- 
 ),L. The only well-defined species, M. mo- 
 noceros (Unicornu marinum, L., das See- 
 Einhorn, G., sea-unicorn, of the older 
 writers), common narwal, an inhabitant 
 of the northern seas, is furnished with one 
 long spirally-twisted supra-maxillary tooth 
 or horn ; peculiar to the male; harder, and 
 retaining its colour better, than ivory; and 
 employed, by the dentist, in the manufac- 
 ture of artificial teeth. 
 
 NASO-LOBAIRE, adj., naso-lobaris, L. : 
 an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to one of 
 the branches of the nasal nerve, Nerf na- 
 sal, or, according to Sommering, NASO- 
 OCULAIRE, F., nervus naso-ocularis, L., 
 der Nasenauoennerv, G. 
 
 NASO-PALATIN, adj., naso-palatinus, 
 L.: an epithet designative of parts, or or- 
 gans, which belong alike to the nose and 
 velum palati; as, l.a Nerve, Nerfnaso-pa- 
 latin,J?., supplied by the spheno-palatine; 
 and, 2. a Ganalion, G. naso-palatinum, L.., 
 discovered, by H. Cloquet,in the ante- 
 rior palatine foramen. 
 
 NAso-PALpfcBRAL,adj., naso-palpebra- 
 lis, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the Orbicularis palpebrarum muscle, 
 see ORBICULAIRE ; on account of its at- 
 tachments. NASO-SURCILIER, adj., naso- 
 superciliaris, L., to the Corrugator super- 
 cilii, see SURCILIER. on like principle. 
 
 NATATION, s. f., natatio, f. L.., xoAi^- 
 /?, Schwimmen,n.G., theact, or exer- 
 cise, of swimming : sometimes employed for 
 augmentation of the muscular powers. 
 
 NATES: a term from the Latin, synon. 
 with FESSES. Employed, also, to desig- 
 nate the two superior of the tubercula quad- 
 rigemina, see QUADRIJUMEAUX, Nates 
 cerebri, L., die hintern runden Erhaben- 
 heiten im Gehirn, G. 
 
 NATIF, adj., nativus, L., lyytvns: a 
 term, in Medicine, synon. with Congenial. 
 Applied, by naturalists, to metals which, as 
 native gold, gediegen Gold, G., exist, na~ 
 turally, in the metallic state. 
 
 NATURALISTE, s. m., natura indaga- 
 tor, L., Naturaliste, Naturforscher, m. 
 G., a naturalist. 
 
 NATURE, s. f., natura, f. L., A fwns, 
 Natur, f. G., nature : 1. the assemblage 
 of objects, animate and inanimate, which 
 constitute the universe; 2. the original
 
 NEC 
 
 properties, or attributes, of a thing or be- 
 ing ; and, 3. a vague synonym of the Deity. 
 NATURELLE, adj., naturalis, L,., <$u<n- 
 xos, naturlich,G.: making part of nature; 
 and conforming to the laws whereby na- 
 ture is governed ; treating, as Natural His- 
 tory, Histoire naturelle,~F., Historia na- 
 turalis, Li., die JVatargeschichte, G., of 
 objects which exist in nature. Cf <pu<rio;, a 
 natural philosopher. 
 
 NAUSEABOND, adj., nauseabundus (li- 
 terally, sea-sick, see-krank, G.), L., vi/- 
 <r/as(j,.l-ekelhaft,G., nauseating,nauseous, 
 provoking nausea, NAUSEE, s. f., vaufia, 
 - ( sea-sickness, - See-k rankheit) Uebel - 
 keit, f. G., inclination to vomit. NAU- 
 SEEUX, adj., nauseosus, L. : synon. with 
 NAUSEABOND. 
 
 NAVET, s. m., B. napus, die Rube,G., 
 
 turnip : a species, in Botany, belonging 
 to the genus, Brassica, see CHOU. 
 
 NAVICULAIRE, adj., navicularis (navi- 
 cula, a little ship),L., schiffformig,kahn- 
 formig, G., navicular, boat-shaped: as, in 
 Anatomy, 1. two bones, see SCAPHOIDE, 
 belonging to the carpus, and tarsus; 2. a 
 slightdepression, Fosse naviculaire, exist- 
 ing, in woman, bet ween orificium vaginae et 
 commissuram posteriorem labiorum pu- 
 dendi ; 3. a dilatation of the male urethra, 
 about the basis of the glans penis ; and, 4. a 
 cavity which separates the crura helicis of 
 the human ear. In Conchology, the shell 
 of the Argonautas : in Botany, the organs of 
 divers plants ; as the Spathette of Triticum 
 (Estivum. 
 
 NECROLOGE, s. m., necrologium, n. (vt- 
 XPOS, a dead body, Xoyoy, a discourse), L.., 
 Nekrolog, m., Todtenregister, n. G., a re- 
 gister of the dead, 
 
 NECROPHOBIE, s. f., necrophobia, f. (vi- 
 os, q>oo;, dread), L., die Nekrophobie, 
 .?, necrophoby : a horror of dead bodies; 
 not the dreadof death, as erroneously stated 
 by French lexicographers. NECROPHAGE, 
 adj., viK^aya;, - necrophagus, - necro- 
 phagous : feeding on dead bodies, or carrion. 
 NECROSCOPIE, s. f., necroscopia, f. (vt- 
 xgoj, a dead body, ffxoniu, to examine), L., 
 
 die Nekroscopie, G. ?, necroscopy : in- 
 spection of the dead. NECROTOMIE, s. f., 
 necrotomia, f. L., die Nekrotomie, G., 
 necrotomy, dissection of dead bodies : a term, 
 first proposed by the learned Dr. James 
 Kennedy, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, as a sub- 
 stitute, alike elegant and legitimately con- 
 structed, for the vague AUTOPSIE, of the 
 French, and mongrel post-mortem examina- 
 tion, of British pathological writers. NE- 
 CROTOMiauE,adj., necrotomicus, nekro- 
 tomisch, necrotomical : pertaining to ne- 
 o-otomy. NECROTOMISTE, s. m., necroto- 
 micus, m. Li., a necrotomist. 
 
 NECROSE, s. f., r> vix^uaig (vtxgoa, to de- 
 cay), necrosis, f. L., die Nekrose, G., 
 
 391 
 
 xg 
 G. 
 
 NEM 
 
 death, gangrene, especially of the bony tis- 
 sue, car/es ossium , L., Knochenrand,G. 
 
 NECTAIRE, s. m., nectarium, n. L., 
 Honiggefass, n. G., nectary : in Botany, 
 an organ of plants ; existing as a simple 
 gland, die Honigdriise, G., or a pore, 
 das Honiggriibchen, in the Ranunculi; 
 as a spur, spornformiger Honigbehalter, 
 in divers of the Orchidcce ; of elegant and 
 curious structure in Parnassia palustris, 
 and Aconitum napellus ; and destined to se- 
 crete, or retain, a viscous saccharine fluid, 
 NECTAR, s. m. F., n. L.., a vixrx^, 
 Honigsaft,m. G., from which, the bee pre- 
 pares her honey. The nectar, a favourite 
 beverage with the ancients, potus deo- 
 rum,L., derGottertrank,G., of the hea- 
 then mythology, consisted of wine sweet- 
 ened with honey. NECTARIFERE, adj., 
 nectariferus, L., honigtragend, G., nec- 
 tariferous : provided with a nectary, or se- 
 creting honey. 
 
 NEFLIER, s. m.: a genus,in Botany, Me- 
 spilus (Icosandria, monogyn, ; Rosacea), L,., 
 der Mispelbaum, G., the Medlar. The 
 fruit, NEFLE, s. m., mespilum,n. L., 
 die Mispel, G., of the common species, 
 M. germanicus, is edible, and astringent. 
 
 NEGRE, s. m., aethiops, maurus, m. L., 
 Neger, m. G., negro : a male, of the 
 ^Ethiopian race. NEGRESSE, s. f., Neger- 
 inn, fl G., negress : a female negro. 
 
 NEIGE,S. f., nix, f. L.., ^/a>v, Schnee, 
 f. G., snow : a meteorological phenome- 
 non. 2V. antimoniale, see FLEURS d'an<i- 
 moine. NEIGEUX, adj., %iovios, x,''"^ r >! ' 
 an epithet designative, 1. of plants, which, 
 as the snow-drop, Galanthus nivalis, der 
 Schneedropfen, G., blossom amidst the 
 snow ; 2. of animals, which, as the snowy 
 Owl, Surnia nyctea, der Schneekautz, die 
 Schnee-Eu\.e,G., exhibit a snow-white hue. 
 
 NELUMBO, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Nelumbium ( Polyandria, polygyn. ; Nymph- 
 tEacecej, L. ; confounded, by Linnaeus, with 
 Nymphaa, NENUPHAR. Root, and leaves, 
 of N. speciosum (olim, Cyamus nelumbo), 
 -ZV. des Indes, sacred bean of India, edible. 
 Seed resembling, in flavour, the almond. 
 
 NEMATOI'DE, adj., fadenformig, G., 
 thread-like. N^MATOIDES, s. m., pL, Ne- 
 matoidea, L. : the First Order oiEntozoa, 
 see Kudolphi, Entozoarum Synopsis, p. 2; 
 comprehending those parasitic animals 
 whose bodies resemble, in figure, a thread, 
 
 <ra vripu,, vriftciros, BUI Faden, G. 
 
 NEMATONEUB.ES, s. m., pi., Nemato- 
 neura (v?^a, a thread, KV^OV, a nerve), L. : 
 a term applied, by Owen, to one of the five 
 great Divisions, or Sub-regna, of the Ani- 
 mal Kingdom ; comprizing those zoophytes, 
 formerly included among the Radiata, of 
 Cuvier,*in which nervous filaments, the first 
 traces of a nervous system, are discernible. 
 Those animals hi which, as Sponges, no
 
 NEP 
 
 nervous matter visibly exists, now consti- 
 tute a distinct Sub-regnum, les Acriles, 
 pl.,F., Acrita,li., of M'Leay, andCavp- 
 TONEURES, F., Cryptoneura, L., a far 
 more precise designation, of Rudolphi. 
 
 NENUPHAR, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Nymphcsa ( Polyandria, polygynia), L., die 
 Seeblume, G., Water-lily ; constituting 
 the type oftheNYMPHEACEES,s.f.pl., die 
 Nympheaceen, G. ? The common white, 
 and yellow, N.blanc, etjaune, F., N. al- 
 ba et lutea, (latter, Nuphar lutea, of Smith), 
 are reputed anodyne, and antiphrodisiac. 
 
 NEPENTHES, s. m. F., et L. (vtix-ivfas, as- 
 suaging grief): a remedy, of unknown com- 
 position ; celebrated, among the ancients, 
 for its effect in relief of the depressing pas- 
 sions : in Botany, a dioicous polyandrous 
 plant, N.dlstrtlatoria, Destillirschlauch, 
 n. G., Pitcher-plant ; a native of the East, 
 with curiously constructed leaves. 
 
 NEPHELioN,s.m., TO v<pX;ov, nepheli- 
 um, n. L., der Nebelfleck, G.: a small se- 
 mi-transparent speck of the cornea; through 
 which objects are discerned, as though ob- 
 scured by a cloud, f> vi<pi*.w. NEPHELOIDE, 
 adj., viQiXuSvs-, nepheloides : an epithet 
 applied to urine, which exhibits a cloud, 
 nubecula urinse, L., die Harnwolke, G. 
 
 NEPHRALGIE, s. f., nephralgia, f. (vi- 
 Po;,thekidney, <ZA.y, pain), L., Nephral- 
 
 fie, f., Nierenschmerz, m. G., pain in the 
 idney. NEPHRfcr.cosE, s. f., nephrelco- 
 sis, f. (same, and '{*.xtu<ns, ulceration), L., 
 Nierengeschwiir, n., Nierenvereiterung, f. 
 G., ulceration of : NEPHHEMPHRAXIE, 
 s. f., nephremphraxis, f. (same, and /*- 
 <pja<s, obstruction), L., die Verstopfung 
 der JVierengefasse, G., obstruction of the 
 vessels of the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRELMINTHIQUE, adj., nephrel- 
 minthicus, L. : an epithet applied to dis- 
 eases; which,as a species of Ischuria, result 
 from the presence of worms, i 'i^nhs, 
 in the kidney, a ntpgaf. 
 
 NEPHRETIQUE, ou NEPHRITIQUE, adj., 
 vifa'^ms an epithet applied, in Patholo- 
 gy, 1. to any source of disease, as nephritic 
 calculi ; or diseased action, which, as in- 
 flammation, NEPHRITE, s. f., fi nQprif, 
 nephritis, intlammatio rents, f. L., Nier- 
 enentziindung, f. G., exists in the kidney ; 
 2 to individuals, Nephriliques, F., suf- 
 fering from morbid affections of that organ : 
 in Therapeutics, to remedies, ra, ntp^in- 
 *, nephritica (medicamina), L., die Nie- 
 reranittel, G., which are employed for the 
 cure of /7s diseases. 
 
 Ni;pHRiNE,s.f., nephrina,f. L.: aterm 
 applied, by Thomson, to urea, see UR^E. 
 
 NEPHROCKLE, s. f., nephrocele, f. (- 
 <?>os, kidney, x5x, hernia), L., der Nie- 
 renbruch, G., hernia of the kidney. 
 
 NfcpHROGRAPiiiE,s.f., nephrographia,f. 
 (same, and y^a.<fu, to describe), li.,descrip- 
 
 392 
 
 NER 
 
 tion of the kidney. NEPHROI'DES, adj., 
 ntpfoitiris, nephroideus, L., nierenform- 
 ig, G., kidney-like, kidney-shaped. Sy- 
 non. with RENIFORME. 
 
 NEPHROLITHIASE, s. f., nephrolithia- 
 sis, f. (same, and x/4/W/j, stone-disease), L., 
 die Nierenkrankheit,G. : disease, result- 
 ing from the presence of a stone, NEPHRO- 
 LITHE, s. m., der Nierenstein, G., or 
 urinary concretion, in the kidney. NEPHRO- 
 LITHOTOMIE, s. f., nephrolithotoinia, f. 
 (vEipjof, \'des, a stone, To^r;, incision), L., 
 der Nierensteinschnitt, G. : the opera- 
 tion of cutting into, for extraction of an 
 urinary calculus from, the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROLOGJE, s. f., nephrologia, f. 
 (s<pas, Xayof, a discourse,) L., nephro- 
 logy : a Treatise on the kidney. 
 
 NEPHRo-PHLEGMATiauE,adj., nephro- 
 phlegmaticus, L. : an epithet designative 
 of Ischuria which proceeds from inordi- 
 nate accumulation of mucus, qKiypu., in 
 : NEPHROPLfeGiQUE, adj., nephrople- 
 gicus, L., from atony, or paralysis, (srX?jV- 
 au, to strike), NEPHROPLEGIE, s. f., ne- 
 phroplegia, t. Ij., of the kidney, VE^OJ. 
 
 NEPHRO-PLETHORIQUE, adj., nephro- 
 plethoricus, L. : caused by a plethoric con- 
 dition, <p\i(uct, : NEVHROPYIQUE, adj., 
 nephropyicus,L., by suppuration, N'E- 
 PHROPYOSE, s. f., nephropyosis, f. L.., 
 die Niereneiterung, der Nierenabcess, G., 
 of the kidney, o nQgot. 
 
 NEPHROHRHAGIE, s. f., nephrorrhagia, 
 (v<pgo?, pvyvuftt,to burst forth), haemature- 
 sis, f. L., Nierenblutfluss, m. G., hemor- 
 rhage from the kidney. 
 
 NEPHROTHROMHOIDE, adj. (same, and 
 fyopSos, a coagulum), nephrothromboide- 
 us, L. : an epithet designative of Ischuria 
 which results from collection of coagula of 
 blood in the kidney, or ureter. 
 
 NEPHROTOMIE, s. f., nepbrotomia, f. 
 L. : in Surgery, a term syn. with NkpHRO- 
 LITHOTOMIE : in Anatomy, and Pathology, 
 dissection of kidney, Nierenschnitt, m. G. 
 
 NERF,s.m., <ro vtvm, nervus, m. L., 
 Nerv, m. G., nerve : in Anatomy, an or- 
 gan composed of nervous matter, see 
 NEVRINE; and destined to transmit sen- 
 sation, and motion, to, and from, the brain 
 or central nervous mass or masses, from, 
 and to, every part of the animal body. 
 
 Nerves are distinguished, by Chaussier, 
 into three kinds : A. the Cerebral, Nerfs 
 Encephaliques,F., Nervi encephali vel ce- 
 rebrales,L., die ~R\rnnerven,G. ; u. the Spi- 
 nal, N". rachidiens, A'', spinales, Riick- 
 enmarksHm-era , and, c. those of the Gang- 
 lionic System, N.des ganglions ou composes, 
 AT. gangliosi, die Nerven des Ganglien- 
 systems, G. The following is the modern 
 arrangement, and enumeration, of the first 
 two. They exist, invariably, in pairs. 
 
 A. Encephalic: 1. le Nerfolfact\f(N. tth-
 
 NER 
 
 moidal, Ch.), F., nervus olfactorius, L., 
 Geruchner, G.; 2. N. optique ( oculaire), 
 n. opticus, Sehwerw ; 3. N. moteur ocu- 
 y laire ( oculo-musculaire ) commun, n. o- 
 culo-motorius, gemeinschaftlicheAugen- 
 muskelneru; 4. N. pathetique ( oculo-mus- 
 culaire interne), n. trochlearis vel pathe- 
 ticus, oberer Augenmuskelneru , 5. N. 
 trifacial ( trifacial), w. trigeminus, 
 dreigetheilter Nerv ; 6. N. moteur oculaire 
 ( oculo-musculaire) externe, n. oculo- 
 muscularis externus, ausserer Augen- 
 muskelnerv ; 1. N. facial, n. facialis, 
 Antlitznerv ; 8. N. auditif ( labyrin- 
 thique), n. acusticus, YLornerv ; 9. N. 
 glosso-pharyngien ( pharyngo-glossien), 
 n. glosso-pharyngeus, Zungenschlund- 
 kopfnerv ; 10. N, vague, ou sympathique 
 moyen ( pneumo-yastrique ), n. vagus 
 
 vel pneumo-gastricus, Lungenmagen- 
 
 nerv ; 11. N. spinal ( trachelo-dorsal), n. 
 accessorius, see ACCESSOIRE, JSeinerv ; 
 and, 12. N. hypoglosse ( hypoglossien), 
 n. hy poglossus, Zungentteischnerv, G. 
 
 B. Spinal ; consisting of, 1. the eight Cer- 
 vical, N.cervicaux, newicervicales, die 
 Halsnerven, the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th of which, 
 form the cervical , and last four, with an- 
 terior branch of 1st dorsal, the axillary 
 plexus; 2. the twelve-Dorsa/, N.dorsaux, 
 .dorsales, Ruckennm>ett,-3.thefive.Z/w- 
 bar N.lombaires, .lumbares, Lenden- 
 nervcn, constituting, by their abdominal 
 branches, the lumbo-abdominal plexus ; 4. 
 the five Sacral, N. sacraux, n. sacrales, 
 Kreuznerven, first four forming the sacral 
 plexus ; and, 5. one Coccygeal, N. coccy- 
 ffien, n. coccygeus, Steisserv. For an 
 account of the principal nerve, N. Sympa- 
 t.hique, ganglia, and plexuses, of iheaang- 
 lionic system, das Gangliennervensystem, 
 G., see Krause, Handbuch der menschl. An- 
 atomic, v. i, p. 960; et JLobstein, De Nervi 
 Sympath. Humani, Fabrica. Paris, 1823. 
 
 NEROLijS.m.: the pharmaceutical desig- 
 nation of essential oil of orange-flowers. 
 
 NERPRUN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Rhamnus (Pentandria, monogynia.), L., 
 Papvos, der Kreuzdorn, G., Buckthorn ; 
 constituting the type of the Family of the 
 Rhamni. The berries, die -KVetwrbeeren, 
 of R. catharlicus, and frangula, are actively 
 purgative, and said to impart like proper- 
 ties to the flesh of birds which devour the 
 fruit. Leaves of R. theezana employed, by 
 the poor of China, as a substitute for tea. 
 NERVEUX, adj., viu^nc.o;, nvyubns , com- 
 posed of, or pertaining to, the nerves ; as, 
 in Anatomy, and Physiology, the nervous 
 system, das JVerwnsystem, G., and the 
 nervous fluid, Fluide nerveuse, F. : or spe- 
 cially affecting, or emanating from, the 
 nerves; as, in Pathology, nervous fever, fe- 
 bris nervosa, L., das Nervenfieber, G. In 
 Botany, applied to a leaf, folium nervo- 
 
 393 
 
 NEU 
 
 sum, L,., ein nerviges Blatt, G., strongly 
 marked with nervures, see NERVURE. 
 NERViFOLife, adj. : an epithet designative 
 of plants ; which, as Pelargoniumnervifolium, 
 have leaves conspicuously so marked. 
 
 NERVIN, adj. : an epithet designative of 
 remedies, les Nervines, s. pi., medicamina 
 
 nervina,Tu., nervenst'drkende Mittel, G., 
 
 which are calculated to stimulate, and a- 
 rouse, the energies of the nervous system. 
 
 NERVUHE,S., nervus,m.L., Nerve, 
 f. G. : in Botany, the divisions of the pe- 
 tiole ; or, in its absence, the fibres emanat- 
 ing from the parent stem, which traverse 
 the surface, and form the skeleton, of the 
 leaf. Nervenloses Blatt, G., a leaf de- 
 stitute of nervures. 
 
 NEURALGIE, ou NEVRALGIE, s.f., neu- 
 ralgia, f. (vtvf>ov, a nerve, Xyj, pain), L., 
 Neuralgic, f., Nervenschmerz, m. G., li- 
 terally, nerve-ache, Tic douloureux, of 
 French writers : a painful affection of the 
 nerves ; probably resulting from inflamma- 
 tion of the neurilema, NfcvRitEMMiTE. 
 Neuralgy receives its specific designation 
 from the situation which it affects : as N. 
 faciale, neuralgy of the face ; cubito-diyi- 
 tale, of the finger ; intercostale, of the 
 side ; plantaire, of the plantar region . 
 
 NEURINE, ou NEVRINE, s. f., neurina, 
 f. L. : a modern designation of the matter 
 which constitutes the nerves, and is enclos- 
 ed by neurilema, see NEVRILEMME. 
 
 NEURITE, ou NEVRITE, s. f., neuritis, 
 f. L., die Nervenentziindung, G., in- 
 flammation of a nerve. NEURITIQUE, ou 
 NsvRiTiauE, adj., neuriticus, L., neu- 
 ritic : synon. with NERVEUX. 
 
 NEDRODYNIE, ou NEVRODYNIE, s. f., 
 neurodynia, f. (ttvpav, a nerve, tivw, pain), 
 L.. Synon. with NEURALGIE. 
 
 NEUROGHAPHIE, ou NEVROGRAPHIE, s. 
 f., neurographia, f. (vweov, a nerve, y^u, 
 to describe), L., die Neurographie, die 
 Beschreibung der Nerven, G., neurogra- 
 phy, description of the nerves. In like man- 
 ner, NEUROLOGIE, ou NEVROLOGIE, and 
 NEUROTOMIE, ou NEVROTOMIE, s. f., com- 
 pounds of vsufov, with Xoyflj, and rap.*, are 
 employed; ihejlrst,to designate the doctrine 
 of the nerves, -die Nervenlehre, G. ; and 
 the second, in Anatomy, dissection, in Sur- 
 gery, division,of these organs, der Nerven- 
 schnitt. Laiini%ed,an&anglicized,by respec- 
 tive conversion of the final e into a, and ie 
 intoy; germanized,l>y the prefix of the fe- 
 minine article, die, without such con version. 
 
 NEUROSE, ou NEVROSE, s. f., neurosis, 
 f. L. : a morbid affection, especially impli- 
 cating the nervous system. The Neuroses, 
 Morbi nervosi, L.., NEVHOSES, pi., die 
 Neurosen, G.?, constitute the 4th Class, 
 in the Nosographie Philosophique, of Pinel. 
 NEUROTiQUE,ouNEVROTiQ.uE,adj., neu- 
 roticus, L., synon. with NERVIN.
 
 NIT 
 
 NEUTRALISED v. a., neutralisiren,G., 
 to neutralize : as, in Chemistry, an a- 
 cid by saturation with an alcali. NEUTRE, 
 adj., neuter, L., and E. : an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Zoology, and Botany, to animals, 
 as the working-bee, and all hybrids, which, 
 destitute of the sexual organs, are, conse- 
 quently, incapable of procreating their spe- 
 cies : in Chemistry, a salt, which exhibits 
 neither acid nor alkaline properties. 
 
 NEVRASTHE"NIE, s.f., seeAsiHENiE, 
 neurasthenia, f. L., Nervenschwache, f. 
 G., nervous debility. 
 
 NEVRILEMBIE, s. m., neurilyma, n. L.., 
 Nervenscheide, Nervenhulle, f. G. : the 
 membrane which envelopes the substance of 
 the nerves, and forms, for each filament, a 
 distinct sheath. NEVRILEMMITE, s. f., 
 neurilymitis, f. L., die Neurilemmite, 
 G., ? inflammation of the neurilema. 
 
 NEVROPTERE, adj., neuropterus (vt.v^ov, 
 a nerve, ^rri^v, wing), L., nerve-winged. 
 NEVROPTERES, s. m., pi., N~europtcra,L,., 
 die Neuropteren, G. : an Order of the 
 Class, Insecta ; characterized, like the A- 
 t/rionidte, and Libellulidee, by the possession 
 of four wings reticulated with prominent 
 nervures. NEVROPTEROLOGUE,s.m., neu- 
 ropterologus, m. L., der Neuropterolog, 
 G. ?, a student of neuroplerology, NEV- 
 ROPTEROLOGIE, s. f., neuropterologia, f. 
 L.., the science ofneuropterous insects. 
 
 NEVROFYRE, s. m., neuropyra, f. (viv- 
 ev, XV^TOS, fever), febris nervosa, L., 
 Nervenfieber, n. G., nervous fever. 
 
 NEZ, s.m., nasus, m. L., pit, Nase, 
 f. G., nose : a pyramidal eminence ; situ- 
 ated below the forehead, in Man, and co- 
 vering the anterior orifice of the nasal fos- 
 sae. An organ, supplying important indi- 
 cations to the medical pnysiognomist, in 
 the diagnosis of various diseases. 
 
 NICOTIANINE, s. f., nicotianina, f. L. : 
 a volatile substance, discovered, by Hermb- 
 stadt, in tobacco, see TABAC ; which im- 
 parts to that substance, its characteristic 
 odour. NICOTINE, s. f., nicotina, f. L>. : a 
 vegetable alcali, existing in tobacco. 
 
 NICTATION, s. f. See CI.IGNEMENT. 
 
 NIDIFICATION, s. f., nidificatio, f.Li., 
 Nestmachen, n. G. : in Zoology, the pro- 
 cess of constructing a nest, NID, s. m., ni- 
 dus, m. L., Nest, n.G.; executed by cer- 
 tain Mammifera, as the rabbit and field- 
 mouse; and by birds generally, for the re- 
 ception, and rearing, of their young. On 
 the Notification or Birds, see Zinnani, 
 Delle Uove e del Nidi degli Uccelli, 4to, Ve- 
 nezia, 1737; and Schinz, Beschreibung -and 
 Abbildung der kunstlichen Nester und Eyer 
 der Vogel, etc. 4to, Zurich, 1830. 
 
 NIDOREUX, adj. : exhaling the odour of 
 decaying animal matters, nidor, L. 
 
 NITRATE, s. m.; nitras, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, salpetersaure 
 
 394 
 
 NOD 
 
 Salze,G., resulting from the combination 
 of nitric acid, Acide nitriqtte, F., die Sal- 
 peters&ure, G., with salifiable bases. The 
 principal nitrates, employed in medicine, 
 are those of silver, quicksilver, and potass, 
 N. d 1 Argent, de Mercure, de Potasse, F., 
 nitras argenti, hydrargyri et potassse, 
 
 L., salpelersaures Silber, Qu ecksilber, 
 
 und Kali, G. 
 
 NITREUX, adj., nitrous : the designa- 
 tion of a mineral acid, see NITRITE. Gas 
 oxide nitreux, F., ox vdirtes Stickgas, oxy- 
 dulirtes Salpeterstofigas, G., nitrous ox- 
 ide, protoxide of azote. Gas nitreux, 
 deutoxide of azote. 
 
 NITRIQUE, adj., nitricus, L., nitric : 
 the designation of an acid composed of a- 
 zote and oxygen, see NITRATE. 
 
 NITRITE, s. m., nitris, f. L. : a genus 
 of salts, resulting from combination of ni- 
 trous acid, Acide nitreux, acidum nitro- 
 sum, L., -die Salpetrigs&ure, G., with di- 
 vers salifiable bases. 
 
 NITROGENE, s. m., nitrogenium, n. 
 (v/r^av, nitre, ymau, to produce), L., ni- 
 trogen ; a term applied, by Berzelius, to 
 AZOTE ; as producing nitre, in combination 
 with oxygen and potass. 
 
 NiTRO-MuRiATidUE, adj. : synon. with 
 HYDROCHLORICITJE. 
 
 NivEAL,adj., nivalis,L. SeeNsiGEux. 
 
 NOCTAMBULE, s. m., and adj., noctam- 
 bulus, L., a night-walker, Nachtwand- 
 ler, m. G., night-walking, practising noc- 
 tambulism, NocTAMBULiSME,s.m., noc- 
 tambulismus, m. L. : a term synon. with 
 SOMNAMBUXISME. 
 
 NOCTIFLORE, adj., nachtblumend, G. ? 
 night-flowering : an epithet specifically 
 designative of plants which, as the night- 
 blowing Cereus, Cactus grandi- (nocti-}flo- 
 rus,a.n&t}ienight-JloweringCatchf\y, Silene 
 noctiflora, expand their petals : NOCTI- 
 LTTQUE, adj., vvxTi*.ap.<rri;, nachtleucht- 
 end,G., night-shining, of animals which, 
 as Lampyris noctiluca, emit their phospho- 
 ric splendour only during night. 
 
 NOCTURNE, adj., vunn^tvo;, vvurt^o;, 
 nachtlich, G., nightly : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Pathology, to diseases, or their phe- 
 nomena, which, as night-fever, Nachtfie- 
 ber,n. G., and z^A<-sweats, sudores noc- 
 turne, L., occur : and, in Zoology, to 
 animals which, as a Section of the Family of 
 the Strigida, les Nocturnes, Temm., a- 
 mong Birds ; and of the Lepidoptera, Noc- 
 turna, Steph., among Insects, fly only 
 during the night. 
 
 NODOSITE, s. f., a calcareous concre- 
 tion, developed around articulations which 
 have long been the seat of gouty or rheu- 
 matic irritation. The Latin synonyme, 
 nodus, has, also, been applied to exostosis, 
 glandular induration and enlargement, and 
 general tnmefaction of the joints. No-
 
 NOS 
 
 DULE, s. m., nodulus m. L., A little 
 node, see NOUET. 
 
 NOEUD, s. m., nodus, m. L., 0.^0, . in 
 Botany, the articulation, Knoten, n. G, 
 knot, of the stem, and root, of certain 
 plants : in Pathology, a term synon. with 
 rJ ODOSITE : in Surgery , a bandage, N. cFem- 
 balleur, F., for the suppression of hemor- 
 rhagefrom thetemporal artery oritsbranch- 
 es ; and a knot, N. de chirurgicn, nodus 
 chirurgorum, L., employed, by Surgeons, 
 in the ligature of arteries. 
 
 NoiRE,adj. niger,L. pi\a,;, schwarz, 
 G., black. NoinixRE, adj., nigrescens, 
 schwarz lich, blackish. 
 
 NOISETTE, s. f., avellana, f. L., Ha- 
 selnuss, f. G., hazel-nut : the edible fruit 
 of Corylus avellana, NOISETTIER, s. m., 
 TO xagidiov, see COUDRIER. 
 
 Noix, s. f., nux, f. L,., Nuss, f. G., 
 nut : in Botany, the designation of the 
 fruit, ro XK^VOV, of Juglans regia, NOY- 
 ER ; and of every fruit invested,likeit,with 
 a hard and ligneous shell. N. d'areque, 
 see AREC. de galle, galla quercus, L., 
 Gallapfel, G., nut-gall : the ligneous 
 excrescence, produced by puncture of a Cy- 
 nips, on the branches of Quercus cerris vel 
 injector ia, an oak of the Levant. It abounds 
 in tannin and gallic acid ; is styptic and as- 
 tringent ; and forms the basis of a German 
 
 Officinal Tincture, Gallenapfeltincktur. 
 
 Muscade, see that article. vomique, 
 nux vomica, Krahenauge, Brechwwss.G. : 
 the fruit oStryohnos nux vomica, see Vo- 
 MIQUIER, acrid, irritating, and poisonous. 
 French and. German Officinal Preparations: 
 a Tincture, TincturadeNuce vomica, PA. 
 Gall., Krahenaugentinctur, G. ; and an 
 Extract, Extractum de Strychno N. vo- 
 mica, Krahenaugenextract. German: an 
 Alcoholic Extract, Geistiger Auszug der 
 Krahenaugen. 
 
 NOMADE, adj., vopatSix.};, nomas, L., 
 wandernd, G., nomadic : an epithet de- 
 signative, in Anthropology, of a people, 
 el va^aSs;, die Nomaden, G. ; who, as the 
 Arabs, lead a wandering and pastoral life : 
 in Surgery, of a spreading sore, Ulcere 
 nomade, ou rongeant, F. 
 
 NOMBRIL, s. m. : a popular designation 
 of Umbilicus, see OMBILIC. 
 
 NOMENCLATURE, s. f., nomenclatura,f. 
 L., % ova.fAa.'ro'yQiKQia, Nomenclatur, f. G. : 
 a collection of terms peculiar to a science 
 or art ; as the reformed anatomical nomen- 
 clature, of Chaussier. O' ova^araxAwTfi^, 
 a nomenclator. 
 NosocoMEjS.m., voinxoftosi nosocomus, 
 
 m. L., a hospital-director, Hospital- 
 
 meister, m. G.; also, one who attends on 
 ihesick, Krankenverpfleger, seelNFiR- 
 MIER. NOSOCOMIAL, adj., nosocomialis, 
 L. : prevailing in, or pertaining to, a hos- 
 pital, TO v/xroKopttaV) nosocomium,n.L., 
 
 395 
 
 NOU 
 
 Hospital, Krankenhaus, n. G. ; as hospital 
 fever, Fievre nosocomiale, F., das Spital- 
 fieber, G. ; a hospital-ship, Hospitalschiff. 
 
 NOSOGRAPHIE, s. f., I ., and G., noso- 
 graphia, f. (wares, a disease, y^a<p<a } to de- 
 scribe), morborum descriptio, L., a de- 
 scription of diseases. See Pinel, Nosogra- 
 phie Philosophique, 3 vols 8vo, Paris, 1818. 
 NOSOGRAPHE, s. m., and adj., nosograph- 
 ist : a writer on ; nosographicus, L., 
 nosographic, pertaining to Nosography. 
 
 NOSOLOGIE, s. f., nosologia, f. (same, 
 and \'oyo$) a discourse), L., die Nosologie, 
 Krankheitslehre, f. G., the doctrine of dis- 
 eases. NOSOLOGIQUE, adj., nosologicus, 
 L., nosologischjG., nosological,pertain- 
 ing to : Nosoi,OGiSTE,s.m., nosologus, 
 Li. ? nosologist, a writer on nosology. 
 
 NOSTALGIE, S. , nostalgia, t. (veo-res, 
 
 return, or journey home, &\yos, pain), L., 
 das Heimweh, G. : a morbid affection, 
 excited by an excessive desire to return to 
 one's country. NosTALGiauE, adj., nos- 
 talgicus, L., nostalgic : pertaining to nost- 
 algy. NosTOMANiE,s.f., nostomania,f.IJ., 
 die Nostomanie,G. : fixed melancholy, or 
 madness, resulting from a like cause. 
 
 NOTALGIE, s. f., notalgia, f. (vraj,back, 
 a.Kyos, pain), L., Ruckenschmerz, m. G., 
 pain in the Intel. 
 
 NOTENCEPHALE, s. m., notencephalus, 
 m. (vuro;, \yxtq>a.Xa;, the brain), L. : the 
 name applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to 
 a genus of monsters : comprehending those 
 in which the brain protrudes, and rests on 
 the dorsal vertebrae, open posteriorly. 
 
 NOUE, adj. : an epithet designative, in 
 Surgery, of a bandage employed for com- 
 pression of the parotid region; and of joints 
 which exhibit nodes, see NODOSITE: in 
 Pathology, of children affected with Ra- 
 chitis. In Horticulture, and Rural Econ- 
 omy, synon. with FECONDE. 
 
 NOUET, s. m., nodulus, m. L,., Knot- 
 chen, n. G. ; a nodule, little node or knot. 
 
 NOUEUX, adj., 'o^uSns, knotig, G., 
 knotty ; as, in Botany, the stem of Gera- 
 nium nodosum. 
 
 NOURRICIER, adj., nutriens, L., nah- 
 rend, nahrhaft, G., nutritious, conveying 
 nourishment : an epithet designative, in An- 
 atomy, of the arteries, Arteres nourricieres, 
 F., which penetrate, and transmit nou- 
 rishment to, the structure of the various 
 bones ; and, especially, of those which, as 
 the great nutrient artery of the thigh-bone, 
 arteria nutritiamagna. ossis femoris, L., - 
 traverse the nutrient canals, see CONDUIT, 
 . of the long bones. 
 
 NOURRITURE, s. f., esca, f., cibus, nu- 
 tritus, m. L. Synon. with ALIMENT. 
 
 NOUURE, s. f. : a vulgar designation of 
 Rachitis, see UACIIITE. 
 
 NOYAU ,s.m., nucleus,m.L., ovvfiv, 
 der Kern, G., stone : in Botany, the os-
 
 NUT 
 
 seous or stone-like seed of a drupaceous 
 fruit ; containing, as that of the Amygdali, 
 a kernel or almond. N. central des pedon- 
 cules du cervelet : a term applied, by Chaus- 
 sierto the corpus rhomboideum, see CORPS. 
 
 NOYEB, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Jug- 
 lans ( Monoecia, polyandr. ; Terebinthaceee), 
 L., derWalnussbaum,G., Walnut-tree. 
 lite fruit, die Walnuss, G., see Noix, 
 of the common species, Juglans regia, 
 xagvu, is alimentary; and furnishes a laxa- 
 tiveJixedOil: the green enuelope,astringent : 
 leaves employed, in decoction, as detersive. 
 
 Nu, adj., nudus, L., yu^vaj, nackt, 
 unbedeckt, G., naked, uncovered : an e- 
 pithet, in Zoology, applied, by Linnaeus, 
 to those Mollusca, Mol. nuda ; which, as 
 the slug, are destitute of a testaceous cover- 
 ing, see TEST ACE: in Botany, to the 
 seeds of gymnospermous plants, see GYM- 
 NOSPERMIE. Feu nu : in Chemistry, a na- 
 ked or directly applied fire. 
 
 NUAGE, s. m., nubes, f. L., T vsipa?, 
 Wolke, f. G., cloud : in Meteorology, a 
 collection of aqueous vapours, suspended 
 in the atmosphere. For a description of 
 the various forms of cloud, and their desig- 
 nations, see Forster, Researches about At- 
 mospheric Phenomena, 8vo, London, 1823. 
 In Pathology, the nebular suspension, exhib- 
 ited by morbid urine, see ENEOREME; al- 
 so, a speck on the cornea. NUAGEUX, adj., 
 nebulosus, vtQubns, wolkig, cloudy. 
 
 NUBECULE, s. , nubecula, f. L., a 
 slight speck on the cornea. 
 
 NUCULAINE, s. m., nuculanium, n. L., 
 Nusspflaume, f. G. : in Botany, a fleshy 
 fruit; not crowned by lobes of the calyx ; 
 to which the ovary does not adhere ; and 
 which contains several distinct seeds : as 
 Sambucus nigra, schwarzer Hohlunder.G. 
 
 NUDIBRANCHES, s. m., and adj., pi., 
 Nudibranchia, L.: in Malacology, an Order 
 of the Class, Gasteropoda ; comprehending 
 those Mollusca, which, as the Doris, have 
 the respiratory organs, bronchia, exposed, 
 nuda, on some part of the back. 
 
 NUDIFLORE, adj., nacktblumig, G., 
 naked-flowered : an epithet specifically de- 
 signative of plants, which, as Margaris nu- 
 diflora, are distinguished by a corolla desti- 
 tute of covering. 
 
 NUIT,S. f., ft vo|, nox, f. L., Nacht, f. 
 G., night : the space of time during 
 which the sun is below the horizon of a 
 place, the period which elapses between 
 sun-set and sun-rise. 
 
 NUQUE, s. f., nucha, cervix, f. L., 
 av%riv, Nachen, m., Genick, n. G. : in 
 Zoology, the superior, or anterior, portion 
 of the posterior region of the neck ofMam- 
 mifera, Birds, and Insects. Ligamentum 
 nuchte, L., das NackenbanA, G. 
 
 NUTATION, s. f., nutatio, f. L., Wan- 
 ken, n. G. : in Physiology, an habitual and 
 
 396 
 
 NYS 
 
 involuntary motion of the head : in Bota- 
 ny, the direction of certain plants, as He- 
 /tan<Aemm,towardsthesun. NuTANT,adj., 
 cernuus,L., winkend, uberhangend, G., 
 nodding, drooping; as the flower of Scil- 
 la nutans, olim flyacinthus nonscriptus. 
 
 NUTRICIER, adj. See NOURRICIER. 
 
 NuTRiTioN,s.f., nutritio,f. L., fytyis, 
 die Ernahrung, G. : in Physiology, a vi- 
 tal function ; having, for its object, the sus- 
 tenance, increment, and reparation of ani- 
 mal and vegetable bodies by assimilation 
 of the nutritive principle of the respective 
 aliments to the tissue of their organs. See 
 Dhe're', De la Nutrition dans la Serie des 
 Animaux, 8vo, Paris, et Strasbourg. 1826. 
 
 NYCTALOPE, s. m., and adj. : a term, or 
 epithet, applied to an individual, a tuxra- 
 Xa/i/-, nvctalops,L. einTagblinder,G., 
 who suffers from day-blindness, NYCTALO- 
 PIE, s. f., n vt/*raX<w5r/a, nyctalopia, f. L., 
 Ny ktalopie, Tagblindheit, f.,Nachtsehen, 
 n. G. : a morbid affection of the organ of 
 vision; which renders it incompetent by day, 
 yet capable of discerning objects clearly at 
 night. See HEMERALOPE. 
 
 NYCTERIN, adj. synon. with NOCTURNE. 
 
 NYCTHEMKRE, s. m., nycthemeron, n. 
 L. : a period of twenty-four hours; includ- 
 ing the day, f> tipiga, and night, uf. 
 
 NYCTOBATASE, s. m., nyctobatesis, f. 
 L.: an ill-constructed and superfluous syn- 
 onym, from the Greek, vug, night, and fiariu, 
 to move, of NOCTAMBULISME. 
 
 NYMPHE, s.f., vvptyn, nympha,f. L., 
 nymph, die Puppe der Insetten, G. : a 
 term, in Entomology, synon. with CHRY- 
 SALIDK : in Anatomy, with Clitoris, see 
 CLITORIDE. NYMPHES, pi., tu vu^a/, 
 ny mphae.L. , die Ny m phen, Wasserlefzen , 
 G. : the designation 01 the lesser labia pu- 
 dendi, die kleinen Schaamlefzen ; as de- 
 stined, in the opinion of the ancients, to 
 direct the urine of the female. 
 
 NYMPHEACEES, s. f., pL, Nymphasacece, 
 L.: in Botany, a Family of plants, having, 
 fortype,thegenus^Vj/mjoA<Ea, NENUPHAR. 
 
 NYMPHOMANIE, s. f. F., and G., nym- 
 phomania, f. (vu^aJ, see NYMPHE, pat/ia, 
 madness), furor uterinus, L. : Penchant ir- 
 resistible et insatiable a Facte venerien, chez 
 lesfemmes, F. NYMPHOMANE, adj., nym- 
 phomanus, L. : suffering from nymphomany. 
 
 NYMPHOTOMIE, s. f., nymphotomia, f. 
 ('same, and ropn, incision), L., das Weg- 
 schneiden eines Theils der kleinen Schaam- 
 lefzen, oder der Klitoris, G., excision of a 
 portion of the nympha, or of the clitoris. 
 Nympharum ej?cisibjEgyptiis frequens erat, 
 et circumsisio muliebris vocabatur, L. 
 
 NYSTAGME, s. m., nystagmus, m. (w<r- 
 rayfiof, drowsiness), L., Nicken, n., Ein- 
 schlafen im Sitzen.G.: & propensity to sleep; 
 with relaxation of the cervical muscles, and 
 frequent dropping of the head forwards.
 
 o. 
 
 OBI, 
 
 OBCLAV& adj., obclavatus, L., obcla- 
 vate : an epithet applied, in Botany, to or- 
 gans which exhibit the figure of a club, 
 clava, L., reversed. 
 
 OBCONIQDE, adj., obconicus, L., ver- 
 kehrt kegelformig, G., obconic : an epi- 
 thet applied to the organs of plants, and an- 
 tenna of Insects ; when presenting the fi- 
 gure of a cone reversed. 
 
 OBCORDE, adj., obcordatus, L.., ver- 
 kehrt herzrund,G., obcordate : an epithet, 
 in Botany, specifically designati ve of plants 
 whose organs, as the petals of Delphinium 
 obcordatum, exhibit the figure of a. heart re- 
 versed. OBCORDIFORME, adj., obcordi- 
 formis, verkebrt herzformig,G., obcor- 
 diform : inversely heart-shaped. 
 
 OBESITE, s. f., obesitas,f. L., n x/a-ago- 
 roj , die Fettleibigkeit,G., obesity, inor- 
 dinate accumulation of fat, POLYSARCIE. 
 
 OBLIQUE, adj., Xol-oV, schief, G. : an 
 epithet employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate certain muscles, the fibres of which 
 pursue an obliq ue course with regard to the 
 mesial line of the body. Of these, there 
 are six pairs in Man. 1 . The oblique mus- 
 cles of the abdomen, two in number : a. le 
 M. grand Oblique, descendant, ou externe, 
 du has venire (CosTO-AsDOMiNAL, Ch.), 
 F., Obliquus externus descendens ma- 
 jor abdominis, L., Schr'dger ausserer, o- 
 der absteigender Bauchmuskel, G. ; b. M. 
 petit Obi. ascendant, ou interne (iLio-As- 
 DOMINAL), Obi. ascendens internus mi- 
 nor, Schrager innerer, oder aufstiegender 
 Bauchmuskel. 2. of the eye : a. M. grand 
 Oblique, ou Obi. inferieur, de Tadl (Grand 
 TRocHLEATEURjCh.), Obliquus superior 
 major oculi, vel Trochlearis, Oberer 
 schiefer Augen- oder Rollmuskel : b. 
 petit Oblique, ou obi. inferieur (Petit TRO- 
 CHLEATEUR), Obi. inferior minor ocu- 
 li, Unterer schiefer Augenmuskel : and, 
 3. of the head : a. M. oblique superieur, 
 ou petit obi., de la tete (A.'T'LOino-Mastoidi- 
 en, Ch.), Oberer schr'dger and, b. M. o- 
 bliq. inferieur, ou grand (Axoi'DO-AMidien'), 
 Unterer schr'di/er Kopfmuskel, G. 
 
 OBLITERATION, s. f., obliteratio, f. L., 
 Vernichtung, Auslb'schung, f. G. : in 
 Physiology, and Pathology, the abolition of 
 a sense or intellectual faculty; also, the 
 condition of a cavity, or canal, effaced, or 
 rendered impervious, by the adhesion of its 
 parietes. OBLITERE, adj., obliteratus, 
 vernichtet, verloscht, obliterated. OBLI- 
 TERER,v.a., obliterare, vernichten, aus- 
 loschen, to obliterate. 
 
 397 
 
 OBS 
 
 OBLONG, adj., oblongus, L., langlich, 
 G. : of a figure longer than broad. OB- 
 LONGIFOLIE, adj., oblong-leaved : an epi- 
 thet, in Botany, specifically designative of 
 plants, whose leaves, as those of Cocculus 
 oblongifolius, exhibit an oblong figure. 
 
 OBO VALE, adj., obovalis, L., verkehrt 
 eirund : an epithet applied, in Botany, to 
 leaves which resemble, in figure, the longi- 
 tudinal section of an egg, with the smaller 
 end turned towards the petiole. OBO VAT i- 
 FOLIE", adj. : an epithet, specifically desig- 
 native of plants which, as Capparis obovati- 
 folia, have leaves of an oboval figure. l OBO- 
 voiDE,adj., obovoideus,L.., verkehrt ei- 
 f ormig, G., obovoid : exhibiting the fi- 
 gure of an egg with the smaller extremity 
 turned downwards. 
 
 OBSCUR, adj., obscurus, L., a<favs, &.- 
 faetv^f, ITXOTIOS, dunkel, G., dark, of som- 
 bre colour, obscure. Figuratively, unintel- 
 ligible, unknown.despicable, unverstand- 
 lich, unbekannt, niedrig, G. : *!?(; <rxt>rioi, 
 iltegitimatechilAren. OBSCURCISSEMENT,S. 
 m. delavue,Y.< o6seMraiovisus,L., die 
 Verdunkelung des Gesichts, G., obscurity 
 of vision; from speck on the cornea, incipi- 
 ent cataract, amaurosis, or other cause. 
 
 OBSERVATION, s. f., observatio,f. L., 
 n-arigjj<r/j, Beobachtung, f. G. : in com- 
 mon language, the action of carefully and 
 methodically examining an object by the 
 external senses, in order to acquire an ac- 
 curate idea, and preserve the recollection, 
 of its properties ; also, the result of the 
 knowledge thus obtained : in Medicine, 
 the history of the phenomena exhibited by 
 a disease, of the treatment employed for 
 its palliation or cure; and of the necrotomi- 
 cal characters which, when terminating in 
 death, it exhibits. Synon., in the latter sig- 
 nification, with the Latin, casus ; German, 
 Fall ; and the English, case. 
 
 OBSTIPATION, s. f,, obstipatio, f. L., 
 Hartleibigkeit,ein niedererGradvon Leib- 
 esverstopfung, G., see CONSTIPATION. 
 OBSTIPITE,S. f., obstipitas,f. L., Schief- 
 heit des Kopfes, G., see TORTICOLLIS. 
 
 OBSTETHICIE, s. f., obstetricium, n., 
 ars obstetricia,L., Geburtshiilfe, Hebam- 
 menkunst, f. G., Obstetrics : the art, or 
 practice, of a midwife, Obstetrix, L. OB- 
 STETRIO.UE, adj. : pertaining to midwifery. 
 Chirurgia, vel Medicina, obstetricia, L., 
 o6s<e<rtcMedicine,or Surgery; Entbindung- 
 werkzeuge, G., obstetric instruments. 
 
 OBSTRUCTION, s. , obstructio, f. (ob- 
 struere, to plug, or close), L.,
 
 OBT 
 
 die Verstopfung, Verschliessung, G. : in 
 Pathology, the condition of a duct, or ves- 
 sel, closed by adhesion of its parietes, or 
 plugged up by the presence of a foreign or 
 morbid product. The term was, hereto- 
 fore, improperly applied to denote the state 
 of an organ enlarged in volume, or altered 
 in structure, and, consequently.performing 
 its functions irregularly. See RETENTION. 
 
 OBTONDANT, adj., obtundens, L., : an 
 epithet applied, in Materia Medica, to re- 
 medies, Medicamina obtundentia, L. , lin- 
 dernde Mittel, G. ; to which the property 
 of blunting, or obtunding, the morbid acri- 
 mony of the animal humours has, hereto- 
 foie, been hypothetically ascribed. 
 
 OBTURATEUR,s.m., obturator, m.L. : 
 in Chemistry, a circular piece of flattened 
 glass ; employed to prevent the escape of 
 gas, or volatile fluids.from vessels wherein 
 they are contained : in Surgery, a plate of 
 metal ; destined to close fissures in the pa- 
 late, from congenital defect or caries, OB- 
 TURATEUR, adj. : an epithet applied, in A- 
 natomy, to divers parts, or organs, of the 
 animal body ; as, 1. a large oval orifice, 
 Trou oblurateur,ovalaire, ou sous-pubien, F., 
 foramen obiuratorium, ovale, v el thy roide- 
 um,L., das Huftbeinloch,G.; existing in 
 each os innominatum, between its ischiatic 
 and pubic portions : 2. a ligament, or mem- 
 brane, L. obturateur, ou M. obturatrice, 
 ligamentum obturatorium, vel membrana 
 obturatoria, Verstopfungb&nd, of fibrous 
 structure ; attached to the whole circum- 
 ference of, and closing, the sub-pubic fo- 
 ramen, except at the upper part, where an 
 opening is left for the passage of, 3. an 
 Artery and Vein, Artere ( sous-pubio- 
 fe'morale, Ch.), et Velne obturatrice, arte- 
 ria, et vena, obturatoria, die Huftbein- 
 schlagader.und -blutader, branches, com- 
 monly, of the hypogastric , sometimes, of 
 the epigastric trunks ; and, 4. a Nerve, 
 Nerf obturateur ( sous-pubio-fe'moral, 
 Ch.), nervus obturatorius, Hiiftbeinloch 
 Nerv, principally supplied by the 2nd 
 and 3rd lumbar : and, 5. two Muscles, 
 M. obturateurs, distinguished into an ex- 
 ternal and internal, M. obt. externe, et In- 
 terne ( sous-pubio-trochante'rien ext. et 
 int.,Ch.), Obturator externus et internus, 
 ausserer und innerer Hiiftbeinlochmus- 
 kel ; the first attached to the exterior , 
 the second, to the interior, or pelvic, sur- 
 face of the obturator ligament, and adjacent 
 bone ; and both inserted, by tendons, into 
 the cavity of the great femoral trochanter. 
 
 OBTURATION, s. f. : a term, in Patholo- 
 gy, nearly syn. with OBLITERATION, and 
 OBSTRUCTION. Obturatio pupillae, L., 
 die Verschliessung der Pupille des Auges, 
 G., obliteration of the pupil of the eye. 
 
 OBTUS, adj., obtusus, L., i^gxej, 
 stumpf, G., obtuse : an epithet applied 
 398 
 
 OCC 
 
 to an angle, see ANGLE, et AIGU, form- 
 ed of a greater number of degrees than the 
 right angle. OsTUSANGULE.adj., obtus- 
 angulatus, L,., stumpfeckig, stumpfkant- 
 ig, G. : an epithet specifically, or general- 
 ly, designative of plants, or the organs of 
 plants, which, as Sisymbrium obtusangulum, 
 in the construction of its leaf, and the stem 
 of Salvia pratensis, exhibit obtuse angles. 
 OBTUSIFOLIE, adj., obtusiiblius, L.., 
 stumpfblattrig, G., obtuse-leaved ; as, in 
 Botany, Alyssum obtusifolium. 
 
 OBvoLUTE,adj., obvolutus,L zwisch- 
 engerollt, G. : an epithet applied to the or- 
 gans of plants, which, as the leaves of Salvia 
 qfficinalis, and petals of Oxalis, are rolled one 
 upon the other, previously to evolution. 
 
 OCCIPITAL, adj., occipitalis, L. : an e- 
 pithet applied.in Anatomy,to divers parts, 
 or organs, which belong to, or are connect- 
 ed with, the occiput ; as, 1. the Region, 
 Reg. occipitale,Y ., die HinterhauptgegenA, 
 G., situated at the posterior part of the 
 head of Man and the Vertebrata, and cor- 
 responding, in site, to, 2. the occipital bone, 
 Os occipital, F., , os occipitale, L.., das 
 Hinterhauptbein, G., a pairless cranial 
 bone; united, anteriorly, with the sphe- 
 noid ; articulated, above and laterally, with 
 the parietal and temporal bones ; and, be- 
 low, with the first cervical vertebra : 3. a 
 Muscle, M. occipital, die Hinterhaupt- 
 muskel, regarded, by theolder anatomists, 
 as distinct ; but forming, in modern Sys- 
 tems, merely the posterior belly of the Oc- 
 cipito-frontalis : 4. an Artery, and a Vein, 
 Artere, et Veine, occipitale, arteria, et ve- 
 na, occipitalis, die Hinterhauptschlagader, 
 und -vene ; the first, a branch of the ex- 
 ternal carotid ; the second, usually pour- 
 ing its blood into the internal , some- 
 times, into the external jugular vein : 
 5. a Nerve, Nerf occipital, ou sous-occipif. 
 (premiere paire trachelienne, Ch.), nerv- 
 us occipitalis, AerHinterhauptnerv ; which 
 arising, by eight or ten filaments, from the 
 superior part of the spinal cord, and pass- 
 ing from the skull between, 6. the great 
 occipital hole, Trou occipital, foramen 
 magnum occipitale, das grosse eiformige 
 Hinterhauptslocb, and posterior arch of the 
 atlas, finally divides into an anterior and 
 posterior branch : and, 7- the occipital Si- 
 nuses, les Sinus occipitaux ; distinguished 
 into, a. the basilar, or anterior occipital, 
 Sinus basilares, vel occipitales anteriores, 
 L., dieGrundblutleiter.G., and the pos- 
 terior, S. occipitales posteriores, die Hin- 
 terhauptblutleiter, G. 
 
 In Zoology, applied to the feathers, 
 Plumes occipitales, F., which invest the 
 occiput of Birds ; and used as specifically 
 designative of animals, in which, as Picus 
 occipitalis, the occiput differs, in colour, 
 from the rest of the head.
 
 occ 
 
 OccipiTo-ATLoiDiEN, adj., occcipito- 
 atloideus, L. : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the articulation, A. occipito-atlot- 
 dienne,F., resulting from the union of the 
 occipital bone with the first cervical verte- 
 bra, or atlas ; and to the two ligaments, 
 L. occipito-atlo'idien anterieur, et posterieur, 
 by which that articulation is secured. 
 
 OcciPiTO-AxoiDiEN, adj. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, to the articulation, 
 Art.occipito-axoidienne, F., resulting from 
 the mediate union of the occipital bone with 
 the axis. The ligamentous apparatus, by 
 which this union is effected, consists of, 1. 
 the two odontoid ligaments, see ODON- 
 TOIDIEX; and, 2. a strong fibrous ligament, 
 Ligamentum occipito-axoideum, L., 
 which passes from the basilar sulcus in 
 front of the great occipital foramen, to the 
 transverse ligament, and posterior surface, 
 of the 2nd cervical vertebra, or axis ; and 
 is there continuous with the great posteri- 
 or vertebral ligament. 
 
 OCCIPITO-FRONTAL, adj.: in Anatomy, 
 the name of a muscle, M. occipito-frontal,!?. , 
 Occipito-frontalis, L., der Hinterhaupt- 
 stfrnmuskel, G. ; extending from the occi- 
 pital to the frontal bone. Many anato- 
 mists, like the German Krause, describe 
 this as two distinct muscles, see FRONTAL, 
 et OCCIPITAL, united by the epicranial 
 aponeurosis, galea aponeurotica cranii,L., 
 die Sehnenhaube der Hirnschaale.G., 
 see CALOTTE. 
 
 OCCIPITO-MENINGIEN, adj. : the term 
 applied, byChaussier, loan artery, Artere 
 occipito-meningienne, F., arteria occipito- 
 meningea, L. ; furnished, to the dura mater, 
 by the vertebral, on its entrance into the 
 cranium. 
 
 OCCIPITO-PARIETAL, adj., occipito-pa- 
 rietalis, L. : an epithet applied, in philoso- 
 phical Systems of Anatomy, to the suture, 
 S. occipito-farielale, F., sutura occipito- 
 parietalis, I*. ; which connects the occipital 
 and parietal bones. Far more precise than 
 the lambdoid, of the older Anatomists. 
 
 OCCIPITO-PETREUX, adj., occipito-pe- 
 trosus, L. : an epithet applied, in Anato- 
 my, to an orijice, Trou occipito-pelreux, ou 
 dechire posterieur, F., foramen lacerum 
 posterius, vel jugulare, L., hinteres ge- 
 rissenes Loch.G., see HIATUS, 2.; which, 
 existing in the basis cranii, gives passage 
 to the internal jugular vein, and the pneu- 
 mogastric, glosso-pharyngeal, and spinal 
 accessory nerves, see ACCESSOIRE. 
 
 OCCIPCT, s. m., n. L., ro MOV, Hiri- 
 terhaupt,u., Hinterkopf,m.G., hindhead : 
 in Anatomy, the posterior region of the 
 head of the Vertebrata ; extending from 
 the vertex to the great occipital foramen; 
 the posterior part of the head of Insects. 
 
 OCCLUSION, s. f., occlusio, f. L., Ver- 
 schliessung, f. G., closure : in Pathology, 
 
 399 
 
 OCT 
 
 the condition of a duct, blood-vessel, or 
 hollow organ ; the canal or cavity of which 
 has been partly, or wholly, obliterated. 
 
 OcEAXiuuE.adj., cixsavs^j, oceanicus, 
 L., zum Ocean gehorig.G., oceanic: an 
 epithet applied, hi Zoology, and Botany, 
 to animals, and plants, which inhabit the 
 ocean, OcEAN.s.m., <5 'ttxiavo;, oceanus, 
 m. L., das Weltmeer, G. 
 
 OCELLE, s. m., ocellus, m. L., eyelet, 
 or little eye : in Comparative Anatomy, 
 the simple, as distinguished from the com- 
 pound, eye of Insects. In Zoology, and 
 Botany, the designation of minute round- 
 ed spots, with a centre differing, in colour, 
 from the circumference. OCELLE, adj., 
 ocellatus, ocellated : marked with small 
 eye-like spots ; as the wing of Vanessa to ; 
 and the petal of Ferraria pavonia- 
 
 OCHRE, ouOcRE, s. m., ;, ochra, 
 f. .L., Ocher, Ocker, m. G., ochrfe : ar- 
 gile, coloured with oxide of iron. 
 
 OCHROCEPHALE, adj. (;?, yellow, xt- 
 <paXri, the head), gelbkopfig, G., yellow- 
 headed: OCHROPE, adj. (same, and -xou;, 
 foot), gelbf iissig, G., yellow-footed : as, 
 in Ornithology, Muscicapa ochrocephala ; 
 and Tringa ochropa. 
 
 OCHROPYRE, s. m., ochropyra, f. (- 
 X{is, yellow, xvgiros, fever), L., the yel- 
 low fever. See ICTERODE. 
 
 OCTAEDRE, s. m., octaedrum, n. (*- 
 TU, eight, sj, a base), Octaeder, n. G. : a 
 body with eight surfaces ; more especially, 
 the eight-sided crystal, ein Korper mit 8 
 Flachen, bes. der 8-seitige Krystall, G. 
 The crystal of alum presents the figure of 
 the octahedron, Forme octaedrique, F. 
 
 OCTANDRIE, S. f., OCtandria, f. (axru, 
 
 eight, v)f, avSgif, a male), L., die Oktan- 
 drie, G. : the name of the eighth Class, 
 and of three Orders, in the Sexual System 
 of Linnaeus ; comprehending those plants, 
 whose flowers, flores oclandri, L., acht- 
 m'dnnige Bliithen, G., are furnished with 
 eight male organs, or stamens. OCTANDRE, 
 adj., octandrous : an epithet specifically 
 designative of plants, which, as Luxembur- 
 gia octandra, are distinguished, from their 
 congeners, by the possession of eight sta- 
 mens. OCTANDRIQUE, adj., octandricus, 
 L. : belonging to Class Octandria. 
 
 OCTOFIDE, adj., octofidus, L., acht- 
 spaltig, G., eight-cleft; as, in Botany, 
 the calyx of Tormentilla. OCTOMACULE, 
 adj., octo-maculate, marked with eight 
 spots, oclo maculis, L. ; as, in Entomology, 
 the elytron of Tetraonix octomaculatum. 
 
 OCTOGYNIE, S. f., OCtOgynia, f. (oxru, 
 
 eight, ywri, a female), I..., die Oktogynie, 
 G. : the name of an Order in the Sexual 
 System of Linnaeus ; comprehendingplants 
 whose powers, Fleurs octogynes, F., flores 
 octogyni, L., achtweibige Bliithen, G., 
 are furnished with eight female organs, or
 
 ODO 
 
 pistils. OcTOGYNiftUE, adj., octogyni- 
 cus, L. : pertaining to Octogynia, 
 
 OCTOPETALE, adj. (ox.ru, eight, riraXav, 
 
 a petal), octopetalous : consisting of eight 
 petals ; as, in Botany, the corolla of Dryas 
 octopetala. OCTOPHYLI.E, adj. (same, and 
 PI/A.XSV, a 'leaf); achtblattrig. G., octo- 
 phyllous : composed of eight leaflets; as the 
 digitated leafofAralia octophyUa. 
 
 OCULAIRE, adj., ocularis, belonging to 
 the eyes, oculi, L., zu den Augen gehorig, 
 G., ocular : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the optic nerve, see OPTIQUE : al- 
 so, by some Anatomists, to the canine, or 
 eye-teeth, Dents oculaires, ou oeilleres, F. : 
 in Surgery, to a vessel, see BASSIN, em- 
 ployed in affections of the eye. 
 
 OCULISTE, s. m., oculista, m. L., der 
 Oculist, Augenarzt, G., oculist : a prac- 
 titioner, specially.or exclusively, occupied 
 in the observation, and treatment, of dis- 
 eases of the eye, oculus, JL. 
 
 OcuLO-MuscuLAiRE, adj., oculo-mus- 
 cularis, L. : an epithet applied, by Vicq d' 
 Azyr, to the third pair of cerebral nerves. 
 
 ODAXISME, s. m., oba&flapls, odaxis- 
 mus, m. L. : a painful itching of the gums, 
 which precedes the evolution of the teeth 
 in the process of dentition. 
 
 ODEURjS.rn., odor, m. JL., fi o<rp.t>, obpri, 
 Geruch, m. G., odour, smell: the pe- 
 culiar impression which certain bodies pro- 
 duce, by their effluvia, on the olfactory or- 
 gan ; also, the quality of the substances by 
 which such sensation is excited. 
 
 ODOMETRE, ou Compte-Pas, s.m., TO 
 oSofiirgo*, odometrum, n. L., Wegmes- 
 ser, n G., odometer : an instrument for 
 calculating the number of paces taken by 
 an individual who walks, or of revolutions 
 performed by a carriage-wheel in, a given 
 distance of road. 
 
 ODONTAGOGUE, s. m., ro ooavntytayov, 
 odontagogum, n. L., Zahnzange, f. G. : 
 an instrument for extraction of teeth. 
 
 ODONTAGRE, s. f., odontagra, f. (oSous, 
 a tooth, ayga, seizure), L- : according to 
 French lexicographers, a gouty or rheu- 
 matic pain of the teeth, with tumefaction 
 of the cheek. By Greek writers, the term, 
 oSavrayja, is employed as synon. with oSav- 
 
 rayuyov, S66 ODONTAGOGUE. 
 
 ODONTALGIE, s. f., aSavrXy/a, odon- 
 talgia, f., dolor dentium,L. Zahnschmerz, 
 m. Zahnweh, n.G., tooth-ach, pain of the 
 teeth. ODONTALGICIUE, adj., odontalgi- 
 cus, L., odontalgic : relating to odontalgy, 
 zu den Zahnschmerz gehorig, G. Some- 
 times, incorrectly employed as syn. with 
 ANTI-ODONTALGIQUE. 
 
 ODONTIASE, s. f., o$tt<riu<ris, odonti- 
 asis, f. L., das Zahnen, G., dentition. 
 
 ODONTIQUE, adj. Syn. with ODONTAL- 
 GIQUE. Remedes odontiques, F., remedia 
 odontica, L., die ZaAnmittel, G. 
 400 
 
 ODO 
 
 ODONTITE, s. f., odontitis, f., dentium 
 inflammatiOjL., die Zahnen tziindung,G., 
 inflammation of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOGLYPHE, s.m., ro edavroy}.v<pov, 
 odontoglyphon, n. L. : an instrument for 
 cleaning the teeth, a tooth-pick ?, ein 
 Zahnstocker, G. ? 
 
 ODONTOlDE,adj., aSavTOE/Srjj, odontod- 
 
 es, L. : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 the tooth-like process, YApophyse odonto'ide, 
 processus odontodes, L., der zahnform- 
 ige Fortsatz, G., which arises from the 
 superior part of the body of the second 
 cervical vertebra, hence named v. dentata. 
 ODONTOIDIEN, adj., odontoideus, L. : an 
 epithet applied to two ligaments, L. odon- 
 to'idiens, which extend from the odontoid 
 process of the axis, or vertebra dentata, to 
 the rugged depressions existing on the in- 
 ner side of the occipital condyles. 
 
 ODONTOLITHE, s. f., odontolithus, m. 
 (oSovs, a tooth, x/Vy, a stone), tartarus denti- 
 um,L., Weinstein an der Za'hnen, Zahn- 
 stein, G., tartar of the teeth : an earthy 
 substance, consisting principally of phos- 
 phate of lime ; which forms at the base of 
 the teeth, especially on their internal sur- 
 face ; and is removable by the process of 
 scaling, Abrasio calculi "dentalis, L. O- 
 DONTOLITHIASE, s. f., odontolithiasis, f. 
 (same, and x/0/a<r/5, formation of stone), L.: 
 formation of the tartar of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOLOGIE, s. f., F., and G., odon- 
 tologia, f. (same, and Xoyas, a discourse), 
 L., odontology : a Treatise on the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOPHYE, s- f., fi obovmqiuia., odon- 
 tophyia, f. L,., Zahnausbruch, m. G.: e- 
 volution of the teeth from the gum. 
 
 ODONTORRHAGIE, s. f., odontorrhagia, 
 f. (cdovs, a tooth, pvywpi, to burst out), L,, 
 odontorrhage: hemorrhage from the sock- 
 et of a tooth. 
 
 ODONTOTECHNIE, s. f., odontotechnia, 
 f. (same, and <ri%vv, art), L. : odontotech- 
 ny : the knowledge of all which pertains to 
 the development, injuries, and morbid af- 
 fections, of the teeth. 
 
 ODONTOTRIMME, s. m., see DENTI- 
 FRICE, odontotrimma, n. (same, and rj/^t- 
 fta, a pulverized substance), L., Zahn- 
 pulver, m. G., tooth-powder. 
 
 ODORANT, adj., odorus, L., ivoirp.es, 
 riechend, G., odorous, exhaling odour : an 
 epithet commonly applied to bodies which 
 exhale a grateful odour ; as, in Botany, As- 
 perula , et Viola odorata, the sweet Wood- 
 ruff, and sweet-scented Violet. 
 
 ODORAT, s. m., odoratus, m. L., o/r- 
 QPWIS, Geruch, m. G., smell : in Physi- 
 ology, one of the five senses of the higher 
 animals ; that by which the impression of 
 odours is perceived. See OLFACTIF. O- 
 DORATION, s.f., see OLFACTION. 
 
 ODORIFERE, adj., odoriferus, L., 
 
 starkriechend, wohlriechend,G., odorifer-
 
 (EIL 
 
 vous : exhaling a potent or agreeable o- 
 ilour. See ODORANT. 
 
 CED fc M ATE u x, adj ., oiSvparud*; , cede- 
 matodes, L, oedematous : an epithet 
 commonly applied, by French writers, to 
 an individual suffering from ; as (EDE- 
 MATIE, adj., ailnff.ce.ro'.i{, oedematicus, 
 oedematic ?, to a limb, or other part, or or- 
 gan, affected with,CEDEMATiE,ou CEDEME 
 s. m., TosTSn^a, oedema, n. L., Oedem' 
 n., Wassergeschwullst, f. G.: tumefaction, 
 consequent on infiltration of serum into 
 the cellular structure. There are many 
 varieties of oedema, peculiarly designated 
 according to the site, or organ.which the af- 
 fection occupies : as oedema of the eye-lids, 
 (Edema palpebrarum, L., die Wasserge- 
 schwullstaer Augenlieder,G. ; of the glot- 
 tis, CEdeme de la glottis, F., ced. vel hy- 
 drops glottidis, L., die Wassergesch. der 
 Stimmritze, G. ; of the vulva, das Oe- 
 dem der Lefzen ; and of the feet, (Ed. 
 pedum,L., Fusscedem,G. The oedematous 
 ajfectionvftiich at tacks the pelvic limbof pu- 
 erperal woman, is ced. lacteum, vel puerpe- 
 rarum, of Latin das Oedem der \Vochner- 
 innen,of German pathological writers. 
 
 (EDEMOSARQUE, s. m., cedemosarca, n. 
 I,.: a tumour, which exhibits the combin- 
 ed characters of oedema and sarcoma. (Ede- 
 nwschcocele, s. f., L. : ein mit Oedem ver- 
 bundener HodcnsacksbruchG., scrotal her- 
 nia, complicated with oedema. 
 
 (EiL, s. m., pi. Yeux, otpfa^pos, S\f,, o- 
 culus, m. L., das Auge, G., eye : an or- 
 gan, existing in all the more elevated 
 Classes of the Animal Kingdom; occupy- 
 ing, in the Vertebrata, a bony cavity term- 
 ed orbit, see OHBITE ; and constituting 
 the especial instrument of vision. For an 
 account of the various parts, and struc- 
 tures, of which the eye is composed, and its 
 appendages, see HUMEUR, LACRYMAL, 
 OPHTHALMIQUE, OPTI&TJE, and PALPE- 
 BRAL. Certain Insects, as the Hymenoptera, 
 possess two kinds of eyes, the simple, stem- 
 mata, L., die "Kebenaugen, G., see Oc- 
 ELLE ; and the compound, zusammenge- 
 setzte Augen,G., see FACETTE. CEil de 
 boeuf, oTElcphante, see HYDROPHTHAL- 
 MIE ; de lievre, LAGOPHTHALMIE: 
 double, see BINOCLE ; simple, MONO- 
 CLE. In Botany, the bud of trees, BOUR- 
 GEON, gemma, L., Knospe, G., when 
 beginning to appear ; and the germs scat- 
 tered over the surface of vegetable tubers, 
 as the root of potatoe, Solanum tuberosum. 
 
 CEiLtiERE, s. f., see BASSIN oculaire. 
 CEiLLiERE, adj. : an epithet applied to the 
 canine or eye-teeth, die -4w<7<?wzahne,G., 
 of the upper jaw. See CANIN, et DENT. 
 
 (EiLLET.s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Dian- 
 thus (Decandria, digyn.; Caryophyllea),!.*, 
 die Nelke.G., the Pink. A Syrup, pre- 
 pared from the powers of YCEillvl des char- 
 
 401 
 
 CESO 
 
 trcuj?,!?., D.cartusianorum, dieKarthiius- 
 ernelke, G., is antispasmodic, and tonic. 
 
 (ENANTHE.S. f. F., et L.: a genus, in Bo- 
 tany (Pentandria, digyn.; Umbelliferce},!^., 
 die Rebendolde, G., Water-dropwort ; 
 comprehending several poisonous or sus- 
 pected species. The yellow juice of Fffin- 
 
 anthe safranee(CiGVE aquatique ?),F., ffi. 
 
 crocata, safrangelbe Rebend. oder Tropf- 
 wurz, G., is highly deleterious : and that 
 of (E. fistulosa, die gemeine oder holror- 
 ichte Rebendolde, employed, in French 
 practice, as deobstruent. 
 
 CENEL.SUM, m. F., n. L., Weinol, n., 
 ein Getrank aus Wein und Oel, G. : a be- 
 verage composed oftoine, a ainas, and oil, 
 ra i>.ai/>v. CENOGALE,S.m., TO a/voyaXa, O3- 
 
 nogala, f.L., Weinmilch,f.G.: a mixture 
 of w/neand milk. QEaunfXLJUO,, n.L., ra 
 
 oivo/Af*.i, Weinmeth, m. G., honied wine. 
 CEsOPHAGE, S. m., olffolfdya;, O3SOpha- 
 
 gus, m. L., Speiserohre, f. G., gullet : in 
 Anatomy, a musculo-membranous tube; ex- 
 tending from the inferior, or posterior, ex- 
 tremity of the pharynx, to the superior or 
 cardiac orifice of the stomach. (ESOPHAG- 
 IEN, adj. : an epithet applied to the orifices 
 of organs which are perforated by, or com- 
 municate with , and a muscle, glands, and 
 blood-vessels which belong to, or are distri- 
 buted on the oesophagus: as, 1. the aesophag- 
 eal orifice of the diaphragm, Ouverture ce- 
 sophagienne du diaphragme, F., hiatus ceso- 
 phageus diaphragmatis,L., der Speiserohr- 
 enschlitz des Zwerchfells, G., and of the 
 stomach, see CARDIA. 2. a Muscle, M.oeso- 
 phagien,F., musculus cesophageus,Ij., der 
 Schlundmuskel, G. ?, formed, in the de- 
 scription of some anatomists, of the trans- 
 verse muscular fibres which surround the 
 oesophagus at its superior or pharyngeal 
 extremity. 3. Mucous follicles, Glandes 
 oesophagiennes, F., die Schlund&rusev, G . ?, 
 distributed beneath the mucous mem- 
 brane of the oesophagus. 4. Arteries, Ar- 
 teres cesophayicnnes, die Schlundschlaga- 
 dern branches of the thyroideal, bron- 
 chial, of the aorta, of the inferior diaphrag- 
 matic, and coronary stomachic, which sup- 
 ply the organ with blood : and, 5. Veins, 
 venae cesophageae, L., which return the 
 blood to the inferior thyroideal, superior 
 cava, the internal mammary, azygos, bron- 
 chial, phrenic, and coronary stomachic. The 
 cesophageal nerves, die S'cWncmerven,G , 
 are supplied by the pharyngeal and pul- 
 monary plexus, by the cardiac nerves and 
 ganglia, and, more especially, by the pneu- 
 inogastric and their recurrent branches. 
 
 (ESOPHAGISME, s. m., ossophagismus, 
 m. L , Schlundkrampf, m. G. : according 
 to some writers, spasmodic contraction of the 
 oesophagus : to others,infiammation, (Eso- 
 pHAGiTE,s.f., O3sophagitis,Li., Speise- 
 rohrenentzvindung, f. G., of that organ. 
 
 2D
 
 OGN 
 
 (ESOPHAGORRHAGIE, S. f., 06SOpliagOr- 
 
 rliagia, f. (<Va<pyf, the gullet, pnywpi, to 
 burst forth), L,., eine Blutung aus den 
 Speiserohre, G., hemorrhage from the ceso- 
 phayus. CEsoFHAGOTOMiE, s. f., cesopha- 
 gotomia, f. (same, and rapti, incision), L,., 
 der Speiserohrenschnitt, G., ossophago- 
 tomy : in Surgery, incision of the oesopha- 
 gus for the extraction of foreign bodies. 
 
 CEsTRE, s. m., o oTfl-rjaj . a genus of 
 Dipterous Insects, CEstrus, m. L., die 
 Bremse, G., the Gadfly; constituting the 
 type of the Family of the CEstridai, (Es- 
 T RIDES, s. m., and adj., pi., dieBremsen, 
 G. ; and comprehending several species, 
 the larvae of which inhabit the intestines, 
 or burrow beneath the skin, of the horse, 
 cow, and other Mammifera ; or infest the 
 frontal sinus of the Sheep, and sometimes 
 even of Man. See Bracy Ckrk, Linnaan 
 Transactions, voL iii, p. 289. 
 
 (EsiROMANiE, s. , cestromania, f. 
 
 (aJW^aj, vehement amorous desire, pavia, 
 madness), oestrus veneris, L,., Fureur vene- 
 rienne dans les deux sexes ; le desir immo- 
 d4re du co'it, F. Synon. with (ESTROPHO- 
 SIE, et CESTROPLEGIE. CEstrum venere- 
 um, L. : the periodical sexual orgasm, the 
 rutting, die Brunft,G., exhibited by cer- 
 tain animals, as those of the Cervus genus. 
 
 OEuF,s.m., rouov, ovum,n.L.., Ei,n. 
 G., egg : in popular language, a body, of 
 peculiar nature, formed in the internal or- 
 gans, see OVAIRE, of the female of the 
 Monotremalous Mammifera, and all Birds, 
 and, generally, of the Reptiles, Amphibia, 
 Fishes, the Mollusca, and Articulata ; and 
 enclosing the rudiment of a future animal. 
 The term is employed, by Physiologists, 
 in a more extended sense, to designate e- 
 very rudiment of a new organized being 
 which constitutes the product of genera- 
 tion or sexual intercourse. In this large ac- 
 ceptation, the foetal membranes of all the 
 Mammifera, with their contained germ, 
 and even the seeds of plants, may be re- 
 garded as real ova. 
 
 OFFICINAL, adj., F., G., and E., offici- 
 nalis, L. : an epithet applied, in Pharma- 
 cy, to remedies, medicamenta officinalia, 
 j., which are kept, prepared for use, by 
 the apothecary, in his dispensary or shop, 
 officina, f. I... See APOTHICAIRE. 
 
 OGNON, s. m. : in Botany, a species of 
 the genus, Allium, see AIL. The bulb of 
 the onion, A. cepa, <ro x^iav, dieZwie- 
 bel, G., so commonly employed in diet, is 
 stimulant, from the acrid juice, and sedative, 
 from the hydrocyanic acid, which it con- 
 tains : as a topical remedy, rubefacient and 
 maturative. In Pathology, an indurated and 
 painful tumour, tuber verrucosum, L., 
 bunion, of the/oo< ; ordinarily seated on 
 the metatarso-phalangian articulation of 
 the first or great toe. 
 402 
 
 OLE 
 
 OISEAU, s. m., opis, avis, f. L., Vo- 
 gel,m. G., bird : in Zoology, a vertebrat- 
 ed, biped, warm-blooded, oviparous animal; 
 destitute of auricles, lips, teeth, epiglottis, 
 mammae, and scrotum ; clothed with fea- 
 thers; possessing a quadrilocular heart and 
 double circulation, a cloaca with one exter- 
 nal orifice, see MONOTREME, for the e- 
 vacuation of feces, urine, and ova, and pec- 
 toral limbs generally organized for flight, 
 under the name of wing, see AILE ; but 
 employed, by the Struthionidce, as instru- 
 mentsof terrestrial progression. Birds, les 
 OiSEAUX,pL, el & a.1 "Ogvihs, Aves, die 
 Vo'gel, constitute the second Class of the 
 warm-blooded Division of the Vertebrata, 
 see VERTEBRE ; and are, respectively, dis- 
 tributed , in the ornithological arrangements 
 of Vigors, Cuvier, Kirby, Temminck, and 
 Brisson, into five, six, seven, sixteen, and 
 twenty-eight Orders. See Gould, Birds of 
 Europe, 5 vols FoL, 1832-38; and Owen's 
 admirable article, Aves, in Cyclop, of Anat- 
 omy and Physiology. The flesh, and eggs, of 
 many6irrfs,and even the nest of one species, 
 see ALCYON, form highly nutritious, 
 digestible, and stimulating articles of diet. 
 The value of the quills and feathers, see 
 PLUME, in literature and commerce, and 
 in domestic economy, is well known. 
 
 OLEAGINEUX, adj., oleaginosus, oleo- 
 sus, L., lxu.ia.li;, factieaSns, olig, G., ole- 
 aginous, oily : resembling, or containing, 
 oil, oleum, L., see HUILE. 
 
 OLEATE, s. m., oleas, n. L. : a genus 
 of salts, oligsaure Salze, G., resulting 
 from the combination of an acid, Aclde ole- 
 iquej?., acidum oleicum^L., die Oelseiure, 
 G., the product of the action of alcalis up- 
 on fatly substances, with salifiable bases. 
 
 OLECRANE, s. m., ro u\ixpa.vov (a^ix.*, 
 the elbow, xjavov, a head), olecranon, n. 
 JL., das Olekranon, der Kopf des Ellen- 
 bogenbeins, G. : in Anatomy, the large 
 process ; situated at the brachial extremi- 
 ty of the ulna, and constituting the pro- 
 jection of the elbow. OLECRANIEN, adj., 
 olecranianus, L. : forming, or belonging to, 
 the olecranon; as, 1. YApophyse olecrani- 
 enne, ou Olecrane, the olecranon itself; 
 and, 2. Cavite ou fosse olecran^ the hollow 
 on the posterior surface of the cubital ex- 
 tremity of os brachii ; which receives that 
 process when the fore-arm is extended. O- 
 
 LfcCRANARTHROCACE, S. f. (alixgavim , ap- 
 
 fyn, a joint, XKXOV, injury), F., et L., die 
 Ellenbogengelenkveraerbniss.G. : caries of 
 the brachio-cubital articulation. 
 
 OLEFIANT, adj., olefians, L., olbild- 
 end, 6'lerzeugend, G. : an epithet applied, 
 by the Dutch, to one of the compounds of 
 carbon and hydrogen, Gaz olefiant ( 
 hydrogene percarbone, le Carbure dihy- 
 drique), F. ; because, on being brought in- 
 to contact with chlorine, it forms an oil-like
 
 OLI 
 
 substance, when the condensation has been 
 effected over water. 
 
 OLEINE, s. f., oleina, f. L., Oelfett, n. 
 G. Synon. with ELAINE. 
 
 OLERACIS, adj., oleraceus,L., gemiise- 
 ahnlich, salatartig, G. : an epithet applied 
 to all the esculent plants, les Plantes oli- 
 ractes ou potageres, F., plantae oleracece, 
 L., gem&seartigePflanzen, G., of the kit- 
 chen-garden. 
 
 OLFACTIF, adj., olfactivus, f. L., ol- 
 factive, olfactory, belonging to the sense 
 of smell, olfaclus, L., zum Geruch geho- 
 rig, G.: an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. 
 to two Nerves, Nerfs olfactifs ( ethmoi- 
 dales, Ch.), F., nervi olfactorii, L,., die 
 Gcruchsnerven, G. ; which, constituting 
 the first cerebral pair, erstes Hirnpaar, 
 G., pass, in numerous filaments, through, 
 2. the minute Orifices, Trous olfactifs, fo- 
 ramina cribrosa, see CRiBLfc, of the cri- 
 briform plate of the ethmoid bone, to be dis- 
 tributed on, 3. the delicate membrane, M. 
 olfactive, ou PITCUTAIRE, which invests 
 the nasal fossae, and constitutes the espe- 
 cial seat of the sense of smell, OLFAC- 
 TION, s. f., olfactus, m. L. See ODORAT. 
 
 OLIBAN, s.m., olibanum,n.L., A/y3- 
 varo;, der Weihrauch, G.: a resin, repre- 
 sented, by some writers, as the produce of 
 Juniperus lycia, o *.iavo; ? dieCeder aus 
 Lycien, G. ; by others, of a yet undeter- 
 mined species of Amyris. Medicinally em- 
 ployed, by the ancients, in diarrhoea and hae- 
 moptysis: by the moderns only as a perfume 
 under the name of incense, Encens, F. 
 
 OLIGOBLENNIE, s. , oligoblennia, f. 
 (oX/yas, few, little, /3Xew, mucus, L., der 
 Schleimmangel,G. : the deficiency of mucus. 
 OLIGOCHOLIE, s. f., oligocholia, f. (same, 
 and x,o\ri, bile), L., derGallenmangel,G. : 
 deficient secretion of bile. 
 
 OLIGOCHYXIE, s. f., oligochylia, f. (aX<- 
 yos, little, #uXeV, chyle), L., Speisesaft- 
 mangel, m. G. : deficiency of chyle. OLI- 
 GOCH Y M IE , s. f., oligochy mia, f. L., Saft - 
 mangel, m. G. : deficiency of juice, o x,vp*s. 
 
 OLIGOCOPRIE, s. f., oligocopria, f. (x/- 
 yaj, little, xovgos, excrement, L., ein zu 
 geringer Kothabgang, G., deficiency of the 
 fecal evacuation. In a like manner, OLIGO- 
 DACRIE, -&ALIE, -HfcMiE, ou -H-ffiMiE, 
 
 'HlDEIE, -PlONIE, -PSYCHIE, -SlALIE, 
 
 et -SPERMIE, feminine substantive com- 
 pounds of 'oKtyas, with Saxgvov, yaXet, ai- 
 fta, Tfr^u;, won, "^vy^n, o'/aAav, xai ffi^x,3,Te 
 
 employed, by the French, to, respectively, 
 designate deficiency of the lacrymal secre- 
 tion, der Thranenmangel,G., and of the 
 lacteal or mammanj, Milchmangel ; of 
 blood, Blutmangel ; of perspiration, 
 Schweissmangel ; of adipose substance, 
 Fettmangel; of courage, die Geistes- 
 schwache oder -armuth ; of saliva, der 
 Speichelmangel ; and of the seminal se- 
 
 -103 
 
 OMA 
 
 crction, or seed, Samenmangel. The whole 
 may be latinized byconversion of the final e 
 into a ; germanized by the prefix of'the fe- 
 minine article, die, without such conversion - 
 
 OLIGOPHYLLE,adj.,_ A*yaipt/AXas, arm- 
 
 blattrig, G., few-leaved : an epithet, in 
 Botany, generally, or specifically, designa- 
 tive of plants, which, as Polygala oligophyl- 
 la, possess \>utfew leaves. OLIGOSPERME, 
 adj., faiyofftrtg/tos, few-seeded, ofplants 
 whose seed-vessels, as the berry of Psidium 
 oligospermum, and the legume of Indigofera 
 oligosperma, contain but few seeds. 
 
 OLIGOTROPHIE, s. f., oligotrophia, f. 
 (oX/yay, little, reoQti, food, or nourishment), 
 L., die mangelhafte Ernahrung, G., de- 
 fect of nutriment ; incipient atrophy. 'OX/- 
 yo<r0p<>$,adj., innutritive. OLiGOURfesiE, 
 s. f., oligouresia, f. (same, and outruns, the 
 act of discharging urine), L., die krank- 
 haft verminderte Harnabsonderung, G., a 
 morbid deficiency of urine. 
 
 OLivAiRE,adj., olivary : resembling an 
 olive ; as, in Anatomy, certain bodies, les 
 Corps olivaires, Olivae, L., die Oliven, o- 
 der O/ivenkorper, G., situated upon the 
 medulla oblongata : in Surgery, a cautery, 
 Cautere olivaire,Y., the cauterizing ex- 
 tremity of which is terminated by an olive- 
 shaped knob. 
 
 OLIVE, s. f. : in Conchology, a genus of 
 univalve shells, Oliva, f. L., die Olive, 
 Olivenwalze, G.: in Botany, and Materia 
 Medica, \hefruit of the Olive-tree. See 
 
 OLIVIER, s. m. : a genus of Plants, Olea 
 (Decandria, monogynia ; Jasmineee), L., 
 der Oel- oder Olivenbaum, G. ; compre- 
 hending several species, the most common, 
 of which, O. Europwa, v lAa/, yields 
 a fruit, Oliva, f. L., die Olive, oderOel- 
 baumfrucht, G., valuable for its dietetic 
 properties, and the edible and medicinal oil, 
 TO s'Xa/av, das Oliveno'l, G., see HUILE, 
 which it yields upon expression. From 
 the trunk of this plant exudes, in Calabria, 
 an odoriferous resin : and the leaves of O. 
 frayrans are employed, in China, to flavour 
 tea. OLIVILE, s. f., olivilia, f. L. : a pe- 
 culiar principle ; obtained from the gum 
 of the olive-tree. 
 
 OLivAcfc, adj., olivenbraun, oliven- 
 
 grun, G., olivaceous : exhibiting the co- 
 lour of an olive ; as in Conchology, the 
 shell of 'Buccinum olivaceum. OLIVIFORME, 
 adj., lxa/*Sj, olivenformig, G., olive- 
 shaped ; as, in Botany, the acorn of an oak, 
 hence termed Quercus olivaformis. 
 
 OMAGRE, s. f, omagra, f. (upm, the 
 shoulder, ayga, seizure), L., die Schulter- 
 gicht, G., pain, or a gouty affection, of the 
 shoulder. OMARTHROCACE, s. m., f. ('- 
 pas, a^gov,ajoint, xaxov,injury),L., die 
 Schultergelenkentziindung, oder -krank- 
 heit, G., inflammation, or disease, of the 
 scapula-humeral articulation. 
 
 2D2
 
 OMB 
 
 OMASUM, OMASUS, s. m. : a term bor- 
 rowed from the Latin, see ABOMASUM, 
 to designate the third stomach, Feuillet, 
 o l^/Vaj, der Loser, G., of the Ruminan- 
 tia, tertius Animalium ruminantium ven- 
 triculus, L., der dritte Magen der Wie- 
 derkauer, G. 
 
 OMBELLE, s. f., umbella, f. L., Dolde, 
 f., Schirm, m. G., umbel : in Botany, 
 the disposition of a group of flowers, the 
 peduncles of which diverge from one point, 
 as the rays from the stem of an umbrella ; 
 and terminate in a lesser or secondary um- 
 bel, OMBELLULE, s. f., umbellula, f. L., 
 Doldchen, n. G. OMBELLE, adj., um- 
 bellatus,L., doldig,G., umbellated : fur- 
 nished with an umbel. OMBELLULE, adj., 
 umbellulatus,L. : furnished with an umbel- 
 lule, or partial umbel. 
 
 OMBELLIFERE.. adj., umbelliferus, L., 
 doldentragend, schirmtragend.G,. um- 
 belliferous : bearing an umbel ; as, in Bota- 
 ny, the Umbelliferee vel Umbellatee, OM- 
 BELLIFEBES, s. m. pi., Doldentragcnde 
 Pflanzen,G., a Natural Family of plants; 
 comprizing the pentandrous digynous ge- 
 nera, of the Artificial System of Linnaeus. 
 Specifically designative, moreover, of plants 
 wnose organs, as the pileus of Agancus um- 
 belliferus, exhibit the figure of an umbel. 
 
 OMBELLiFLORE,adj., umbelliHorus,L., 
 doldeiiblumig,G., umbelliflorous : Oi- 
 BELLIFORME, adj., umbelliformis, L., 
 doldenformig,G., umbelliform : epithets, 
 in Botany, specifically designative of plants 
 whose inflorescence resembles, in character, 
 that of the true Umbelliferee. 
 
 OMBILIC, s.m., umbilicus, m/L., a /*- 
 0aAaV, der Nabel, G., navel : in Anato- 
 my, the rounded and muchdepressedcicatrix 
 which, situated in the linea alba abdominis 
 of the Mammifera, supplants the orifice tra- 
 versed by the urachus, and umbilical cord, 
 of the foetus : also, the centre of the um- 
 bilical region, see OMBILICAL. In Bota- 
 ny, a synonym of the Latin, cicatricula, et 
 hylus, see HILE ; and the elevated centre 
 of the pileus of certain Agarics, der Mit- 
 telpunkt des Hutes eines Pilzes, G. ; as 
 exhibited in A. conspurcalus. 
 
 OMBiLicAL.adj , umbilicalis,L., zum 
 Nabel gehorig, G., pertaining to the na- 
 vel, umbilicus, L. : an epithet applied, in 
 Anatomy, to parts, organs, and blood-ves- 
 sels, so circumstanced ; as, 1. the region, 
 Region ombilicale, F., regio umbilicalts, L., 
 die JVa&e/gegend, G., in the centre of 
 which the navel is situated : 2. the fibrous 
 ring, FAnneau ombil., annulus umbilica- 
 lis, L., which forms the margin of, 3. the 
 umbilical orifice in the foetus, and of the de- 
 pression, Fosse ombilicale, F., die Nabel- 
 grube, G. ?, which, in the more mature 
 or adult animal, indicates its site : 4. the 
 umbilical cord, Cordon ombil., der Nabcl- 
 404 
 
 OMO 
 
 strang, G. : 5. a membranous organ, Vesi- 
 cule ombilicale, see OURAQUE, peculiar 
 to the fetal state : and, 6. the umbilical 
 vessels, Vaisseaux ombilicales, F., die Na- 
 6e/gefasse,G.; of which, A. the artery, Ar- 
 tere ombilicale, arteria umbilicalis, L., die 
 JS r ate/schlagader, G., is a continuation of 
 the primitive iliac of the foetus ; and, B. 
 the vein, Veine ombilicale, vena umbilica- 
 lis, die Nabelvene, destined to convey 
 arterialized blood from the parent to the 
 fetal system ; and transformed, after birth, 
 into a fibro-cellular and impervious cord. 
 In Surgical Pathology, a species of her- 
 nia, Hernie ombilicale, see EXOMPHALE . 
 
 OMBILICO-MESENTERIQUE,See OMPHA- 
 LO-MfcsENTKRIQUE. 
 
 OMENTfcsiE, OMENTITE, s. f., omen- 
 tesis, omentitis, f. L. See EPIPLOITE. 
 
 OMNIVORE, adj., omnivorus (omnis, 
 all, voro, to devour), L., allfressend, G., 
 omnivorous : an epithet applied, in Zoo- 
 logy, to animals which, like all-devoia-ing 
 M.an,feed, indiscriminately, on animal and 
 vegetable substances : by Temminck, to 
 his Second Order of Birds, les Omnivores, 
 Omnivori, L., which subsist upon fruits 
 and insects. OMNIPHAGE, adj., omnipha- 
 gus, L. : a barbarous synonym of the pre- 
 ceding ; compounded of the Latin, omnis, 
 and the Greek, Qa,yu, to eat. 
 
 OMO-CLAVicuLAiRE,adj. omo-clavicu- 
 laris, L. : an hybrid and illegitimate syno- 
 nym of CORACO-CLAVICULAIRE. 
 
 OMOCOTYLE, s. f., F., et L., U/AHKO- 
 Tv^ti, die Schultergelenkspfanne, G. : in 
 Anatomy, the socket, exhibited by the sca- 
 pula, for reception of the head of the hu- 
 merus, see Olkiroira. 
 
 OMO-HYOIDIEN. See OMOPLAT-HYOI- 
 DIEN. 
 
 OMOIDE, adj., omoideus, L. : a term ap- 
 plied, by Herissant, to a small oblong 
 bone ; with which the palatine branch of 
 the superior mandible of Birds is articu- 
 lated, on each side. 
 
 OMOPLATE, s. f., omoplata (/*;, the 
 shoulder, -rKdrv;, broad, fiat), scapula, f. L., 
 das Schulterblatt, G., shoulder-blade. 
 The scapulae, u.1 upov>.a.ra.i, die Schult- 
 erblatter : in Anatomy, two broad, flat, 
 irregularly triangular bones ; situated, one 
 on each side, in the superior dorsal, hence 
 termed the scapular region, AieSchuller- 
 6/ai/gegend,G., see SCAPULAIRE, of the 
 Vertebrata ; and serving principally to con- 
 nect the thoracic extremity of the animals 
 possessing them, with the trunk. Deve- 
 loped, in the human subject, by six or se- 
 ven centres of ossification ; and articulat- 
 ed with the clavicle and humerus, it affords 
 points of attachment to sixteen muscles. 
 
 OMOPLAT-HYOIDIEN, s. m., et adj. : in 
 Anatomy, the name of a muscle (M. sca- 
 pulo-hyoidien, Cb.),Omo-hyoideus, vel O-
 
 OND 
 
 muodes, L., der Schulterzungenbeinmus- 
 kel, G. ; which, traversing the throat, ob- 
 liquely, from a point of the superior mar- 
 gin of each scapula, behind the coracoid 
 notch, is attached to the inferior border of 
 the body of the hyoid bone. 
 
 OMPHALOCELE, s. f., Hernie ombilicale, 
 omphalocele, f. (oftQaXos, the navel, xfari, 
 hernia), h. umbilicalis, L., EXOMPHALE. 
 
 OMPHALO-MESENTERIQUE, adj., om- 
 phalo-mesentericus, L., omphalo-mesen- 
 teric : an epithet, in Anatomy, applied, by 
 Haller, to blood-vessels, Vaisseaux ompha- 
 lo-mcsenteriques, F., die Nabelgekrosge- 
 f asse, G. ?, which, consisting of an artery 
 and vein, distribute their ramifications on 
 the umbilical vesicle, see OUBAQUE ; and 
 traversing, with the funis, the umbilical 
 orifice, terminate, respectively, in the su- 
 perior mesenleric artery and vein. They 
 shrink as the urachus contracts ; and finally 
 disappear with it. Sometimes, yet rarely, 
 they exist, in the mature fcetus, as whit- 
 ish filaments, extending from the mesen- 
 teric vessels to the navel. Be'clard has ob- 
 served them on dissection of a child,aged 4. 
 
 OMPHALONCIE, s. f., omphaloncus, m; 
 (opqiahos, navel, Syxos, a tumour), L., Na- 
 belgeschwullst, f. G., tumour of the navel. 
 
 OMPHALORRHAGIE, s. , omphalor- 
 rhagiajf.fsam^and/jjjyvyjM/, to burst forth), 
 L., der Nabelblutfluss, G., hemorrhaye 
 from the navel ; rarely occurring except in 
 the new-born infant, OMPHALOTOMIE,S. 
 f., omphalotomia, f. (same, and ro^ri, inci- 
 sion), L., incision of the navel, der Na- 
 belschnitt, G. : according to some writers, 
 division of the umbilical cord, das Ab- 
 schneiden des JVaSeMranges, G. 
 
 ONANISME, s. m., onanismus, m. L.., 
 Onanie, Selbstbefleckung,f.G., see MAS- 
 TURBATION. 
 
 ONCE,s.f., uncia,f.Li., olyxia., Unze, 
 f. G., ounce : the 16th part of the French 
 Lime ; containing eight drachms, see 
 GROS, twenty-four scruples, SCRUPULE, 
 and five hundred and seventy-six grains. 
 
 ONCOTOMIE, s. f., oncotomia, tumoris 
 incisio, f. L., oncotomy : in Surgery, the 
 opening (n Tof^ri) of a tumour, ONCOSE, s. 
 f. (fi Syxos), oncosis, f. L.; die Oeffnung 
 einerGeschwullst, and, especially, of an ab- 
 scess, und bes. einer Abscesses, G., with 
 a cutting instrument. 
 
 ONCTION, s. f., unctio, illitio, f. L., 
 a)(.ii^is, Salbung, f. G. : in Therapeutics, 
 gentle friction with unctuous remedies, 
 die Linderungsmittel, G. 
 
 ONCTUosiTfe, s. f., unctuositas, f. L., 
 x^agoTtff, Fettigkeit, f. G., unctuosi- 
 ty : the quality of anything fat, oily, or 
 unctuous, ONCTUEUX, adj., unctuosus, 
 x<!Tfoj, fett, olig, schmierig, G. 
 
 ONDULANT, ONDOYANT, adj., undu- 
 lans, L., wellend, wellenformig,G., un- 
 405 
 
 ONG 
 
 dulating, wave-like : an epithet applied, in 
 Pathology, to a pulse which resembles, 
 from its fulness and inequality of stroke, 
 the undulation, ONDULATION, s. f., un- 
 dulatio, f. L., das Wellenschlagen, G., 
 or undulatory motion, die wellenformioe 
 Bewegung, of waters, a term synon., in 
 Surgical Pathology, with FLUCTUATION. 
 
 ONDULE, ONDULEyx,adj., undulatus, 
 undulosus, L., wellig, wellenrandig, G., 
 undulated, undulous : epithets, in Bota- 
 ny, specifically designative of plants,whose 
 organs, as the pilots of Hypoglossus undu- 
 latus, and leaf of Nicotiana undulata, exhi- 
 bit a waved or undulating outline; and, ge- 
 nerally, of the organs themselves, as the 
 undulated petal of Geranium phaeum, and the 
 frond of Ulva crispa. In Zoology, of birds ; 
 which, as Loxia undulata, possess a plum- 
 age,of wavy colouring. ONDULiFOLiE,adj., 
 wellenblattrig. G., wave-leaved: ane- 
 pithet applied, in Botany, plantis quae fe- 
 runt undulata folia, L. 
 
 ONEIRODYNIE, s. f., Oneirodynia, f. 
 (aW/faf ,a dream,Su'v!,pain),L., morbid dis- 
 turbed dreaming, das krankhafte, angst- 
 liche, Traumen, G. : in Nosology, a genus 
 of diseases, instituted by Cullen ; and com- 
 prehending the active, Oneir. active, F., 
 Ora.activa,L., or somnambulism; and the 
 gravative, On. grav., On. gravans, or the 
 nightmare, see GAUCHE MAR. 
 
 ONEiROGME,s.m., 'ovti(>iu'y[*,os, oneirog- 
 mus, m. L. : 1. a lascivious dream, ein leb- 
 hafter Traum, G. ; synon. with ONEIRO- 
 GYNE, s. m., oneirogyne, f. (omgos, a 
 dream, yuw, a female), L. : 2., according 
 to some writers, the nocturnal pollution, 
 ON^IROGONE, s. m., oneirogonus,m.(sawj<?, 
 and yov?j, semen), L., die Pollution im 
 Traume, G., ovti^n, of the Greeks, 
 consequent on such dream. 
 
 ONEIROLOGIE,S. f., r> om^oyia, onei- 
 rologia, f. L. : the doctrine, or the theory, of 
 dreams, die Lehre von den Traumen, die 
 Traumtheorie, G. ONkiROMANCiE, s. f., 
 oneiromantia, f. (ovu^o;, a dream, /jmirtia,, 
 divination), L., Traumdeuterie,f.G.: the 
 pretended art of predicting future events 
 from dreams. 'Ovti^oftxtris : a professor of 
 oneiromancy, an interpreter of dreams. 
 
 ONGLE, s. m., <5 aWI-, unguis, m. L., 
 der Nagel, G., nail : in Anatomy, the e- 
 lastic, horny, and semi-transparent plate 
 which protects the extremity of the dorsal 
 surface of each finger and toe in Man, and 
 divers of the Quadrumana. Assuming the 
 figure of a claw, die Klaue, Kralle,G., 
 in the lower Mammifera and the Raptorial 
 Birds, and of a laterally compressed hook, 
 or clutch, Griffe, f. F., in the Felidee, it 
 serves as an instrument of capture, aggres- 
 sion, or defence : in the Solidungula, of a 
 hoof, see SABOT, as a protection for the 
 foot : also, the curved appendage, one or
 
 OOL 
 
 two in number, attached to the extreme 
 articulation of the tarsus of Insects. 
 
 ONGLEE, s. f., digitorum stupor e gelu, 
 L,. : the painful sensation at the extremity 
 of the fingers , produced by exposure to 
 extreme cold. 
 
 ONGLET, s. m., ro avv%iov, unguis, un- 
 guiculus, m. L., Klaue, Kralle,t., Nagel, 
 in. G., claw : in Botany, the inferior and 
 ordinarily contracted portion of each piece 
 of a polypetalous corolla ; by which the pe- 
 tal is attached to the flower : in Entomo- 
 logy, the minute and rigid spine, or spines, 
 which project from the external border of 
 the wing of certain Diptera : in Ophthal- 
 mic Pathology, synon. with PTERYGION. 
 ONGLETE, adj., See 
 
 ONGUICU.LE, adj., unguiculatus, L., 
 beklaut, G., unguiculated, clawed : an e- 
 pithet, in Zoology, specifically designative 
 of animals whose organs, as the arms of Se- 
 pia unffuiculata, are furnished with claws ; 
 generally, of organs themselves which, as 
 as the marillce of Cicindela, terminate in an 
 articulation possessing a claw-like motion : 
 in Botany, of plants whose petals, as the 
 two superior of Corysanthes unguiculata , 
 and, of petals, themselves, which, as those 
 of Slatice armeria, possess a long and con- 
 spicuous claw. 
 
 ONGUiFOR*iE,adj., ow%oiiSs, klauen-, 
 krallen-,nagelf ormig.G., unguiform : ex- 
 hibiting ihejiffure of a nail, or claw, ungu- 
 is, L. ; as, in Conchology, the testaceous en- 
 velope of Patella unguiformls. ONGULE, 
 adj. : presenting the figure of a hoof, ungu- 
 /</,!..; as the shells of Myt'dus ungulatus. 
 
 ONGUENT, s. m., unguentum, n. L., 
 ro (tugov, die Salbe, G., unguent, oint- 
 ment : in Pharmacy, a compound, for ex- 
 ternal application, of fatty substances with 
 juices, resins, or powders, of divers kinds ; 
 and of an intermediate consistence between 
 liniment and plaster. 
 
 ONYCHOGRYPTOsE,s.f., onychogrypto- 
 sis, f. (?n/i, a nail, yevveru, to curvej, L., 
 die Nagelkrumme, aasGeboffenseinaer Na- 
 gel, G. : curvature of the nails ; a pheno- 
 menon, of frequent occurrence.in hectic fe- 
 ver. ONYCHOPHTHORIE, ONYCHOPHYME, 
 ONYCHOPTOSE: feminine substantive com- 
 pounds of vu|, with fHoffct, vitiation ; <pvp.a, 
 swelling ; and train;, falling; employed to, 
 respectively, designate a morbid alteration, 
 onychophthoria, f. L., das Verderbniss 
 der Nagel, G. ; tumefaction, onycho- 
 phyma, n. L., die Nagelgeschwullst, das 
 Nagelauswuchs ; and spontaneous separa- 
 tion, onychoptosis, f. L., das Abfallen&er 
 N'dgel, of the human nails. 
 
 OOLOGIE, s. f., oologia, f. (uo\>, an egg, 
 /.oyj, a discourse), L., aie Ooologie, Eier- 
 lohre, G. ? : a Treatise on, or History of, 
 the eggs of Birds. See Hewitson's British 
 Ooloyy, 3 vols 8vo., London, 1831-38. O- 
 406 
 
 OPE 
 
 OLOGISTE, s. m., oologista, m. L., ooio- 
 gist: an author of such Treatise; a stu- 
 dent of oology. 
 
 OOPHORITE, S. f., OOphoritis, f. (aeQfye;, 
 
 that which bears, or produces, eggs),L., 
 die Eierstocksentziindung, G. : inflamma- 
 tion of the ovary, oophoron (Kraus), n. JL., 
 der Eierstock, G. 
 
 OOTHEQUE, s. f., ootheca, f. (won, an 
 egg, Mxn, repository), L. : a term applied, 
 by some Botanists, to the ovary of the Fili- 
 ces ; and proposed, by Dr. Palmer, as a 
 substitute for the obviously objectionable 
 ovarium, see OVAIRE, in designating a 
 cabinet-collection of the eggs of Birds. 
 
 OOZOAIRE. s. m , oozoon,n.(nJw, an egg, 
 a, an animal), L.., das Eithier,G. Oo- 
 ZOAIRES, pi., Oozoa, die Eithiere: in 
 Zoology, a division of the Animal King- 
 dom ; comprehending those countlessforms 
 of animated being, in which neither ner- 
 vous nor vascular system is visibly deve- 
 loped; and which, consequently, exhibit 
 the simple character of the ova of the su- 
 perior animals. 
 
 OpACiTEjS.f., opacitas,f.L., <W;?, 
 dieDunkelheit,Undurchsichtigkeit,f.G., 
 opacity : the quality of that which is o- 
 paque,ov incapable of transmitting the raya 
 of light, OPAQUE, adj., opacus, go<poti- 
 Sjf, dunkel, undurchsichtig ; and, conse- 
 quently, opposed, in signification, to trans- 
 parency, see TRANSPARENCE. Opacite de 
 la cornee transparente, (die durchsichtige 
 Hornhaut,G.), opacitas corneae lucidse,L., 
 see ALBDGO, et L.EUCOME; du crystal- 
 tin, seeCATARACTE. Cornee opaque, cur- 
 nea opaca, L., see SCLKROTIQUE. 
 
 OPERATEUR, s.m., operator, m. L., and 
 E., Handarbeiter, m.G. : in common lan- 
 guage, one who performs a manual pro- 
 cess, or operation, OPERATION, s. f., one- 
 ratio, f. L., dieWirkung, Verrichtung.G. .- 
 in Science, a surgeon, Wundarzt, G., 
 who devotes himself to the performance of 
 the greater chirurgical operations, majores 
 chirurgise operationes, L., or professes o- 
 perative Surgery, la MEDECINE operatoirc. 
 A chemical or pharmaceutical operation, 
 ein chem. od. pharmaceutischer Process,G. 
 
 OPERCULE, s. f., operculum, n. L., 
 Deckel, m. G., opercule or lid: in Masto- 
 zoology, the tragus of the ear, when suffi- 
 ently elongated to close the auricular cavi- 
 ty : in Ichthyology, the apparatus, oper- 
 cw/Mwibranchiarum, L., der KiementteeA:- 
 el, G., gill-couer, composed of four osse- 
 ous pieces, which covers, and protects, the 
 branchue of many Fishes: in Conchology, 
 the calcareous or horny plate which closes 
 the orifice of certain univalve shells, see 
 HELICE ; the assemblage of two, or more, 
 minute testaceous pieces, which shuts, above, 
 the cavity resulting from the union of the 
 several valves of multi valve Shells, as Ba-
 
 OPH 
 
 lanus ; and, according to Linnaeus, the 
 smaller of the two pieces constituting di- 
 vers inequivalve bivalve shells, especially 
 when it is flat, as in Ostrea. In Botany, a 
 term synon. with EPIPHRAGME. 
 
 OpERCULfc, adj., operculatus, L., ge- 
 deckelt, G., operculated : closed by an o- 
 percule ; as, in Conchology, the shell of He- 
 lix, see HELICE, during winter : in En- 
 tomology, the eyes of Noctua conspicillata ; 
 and, in Botany, the capsule of Convolvulus 
 , and fruit of Momordica operculata. In 
 Ichthyology, specifically designative of 
 fishes which, as Labrus operculatus, exhibit 
 spots on the operculum, or gill-cover. O- 
 PERCULIFORME, adj., operculiformis, L., 
 deckelf ormig, G. : resembling an opercule 
 or lid ; as, in Conchology, the smaller flat 
 valve of Ostrea. 
 
 OPHIASE,S., fi ty'iaffis, ophiasis,f.L.: 
 a variety of partial baldness, ALOPfcciE, 
 in which the parts, destitute of hair, exhi- 
 bit a winding serpent-like figure, das Aus- 
 fallen der Haare auf einzelnen geschlung- 
 enen oder schlangenformigen Streifen auf 
 dem Kopfe, G. : also, an ancient synonym 
 
 Of ICHTHYOSE. 
 
 OPHIDIEN, s. m., and adj., ofiat^tis, 
 schlangenartig, G., ophidian, snake-like, 
 of the snake kind. OPHIDIENS, s. m., pi., 
 Ophidii, vel Ophidia, L., die schlangenar- 
 ligen Thiere, Schlangen, G. : in Herpeto- 
 logy, one of the four, or three, Orders into 
 which the Class, Reptilia, see REPTILE, 
 has been distributed by Cuvier, and the 
 later Zoologists ; comprehending the ser- 
 pents, ol ty**fc or Ophidian Reptiles. 
 
 OPHIOPHAGE, adj., oQinpivyos, ophio- 
 phagus, L., schlangenfressend, G.: an e- 
 pithet, in Zoology, applied to Man, or o- 
 ther animals ; which, as certain people of 
 Africa, hence termed Ophiophagi by Pli- 
 ny, feed upon serpents. 
 
 OPHIOHHIZE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Ophiorhiza ( Pentandria, monogi/nia ; Rubi- 
 ace<B),\j., dieSchlangelwurZjG., Snake- 
 Root. The root of the common species, 
 O. mongas, is employed, by the Indians, 
 as an antidote to the bite of venomous ser- 
 pents. Hence the name: o"<fns, a snake; 
 pi&, a root. 
 
 OPHIOSTOME, s. m., Ophiostoma (o$is, a 
 snake, a-ropa, a mouth), L. : in Helmintho- 
 logy, a genus of cylindrical, elastic, and bi- 
 labiate Eniozoa ; constituting, in the Ar- 
 rangement of Rudolphi, Entozoorum Sy- 
 nopsis, p. 60, the 10th, of the Order, Ne- 
 matoidea. The few species which it com- 
 prehends, inhabit the prirrue vice of the 
 lower Mammifera and Fishes. One is said, 
 by a French lexicographer, to infest the 
 human intestines. 
 
 OPHTHALGIE, s. f., ophthalgia, f. (o<f>- 
 ta>.ftos, the eye, Xyaj, pain), L. : a syno- 
 nym of OPHTHALMODYNIE. 
 
 407 
 
 OPH 
 
 OPHTHALMIATRE, s. m., ophthalmia- 
 ter, vel ophthalmiatrus, m. (same, and la.- 
 T0jf, a physician), L.: an oculist, see O- 
 CULISTE, a professor, or practitioner, of 
 ophthalmic medicine or surgery, OPHTHAL- 
 MIATRIE, s.f., ophthalmiatria, f. L., die 
 Augenheilkunde, G. See Weller, Die 
 Krankheiten des Menschlichen Auges, 8vo. 
 Berlin, 1830. 
 
 OPHTHALMIE, s. f., fi o/pta^pia . in Pa- 
 thology, according to modern distinctions, 
 inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 which invests the eye-ball and correspond- 
 ing surfaces of the eye-lids. The external 
 ophthalmy, ophthalmia, inflammatio oculi, 
 externa, -die aiissere Augenenlzundung, 
 Entz. der ausseren Augenhaut, of Latin, 
 and GrnnrtMwriters, it is distinguished into 
 the acute and chronic, VOphthalm. aigu'e, et 
 chronique,F., ophth. acuta et chronica, L., 
 die acute oder hitzige,und die chronische 
 Atigenentz., G. The former exhibits two 
 marked varieties : the puriform, 1' Ophth. 
 
 puriforme, ophth blennorrhcea oculi 
 
 neonatorum, die Augenentz. Neugebore- 
 ner; and the gonorrhoea!, V Ophth. blenor- 
 rhagique, ophth. blennorrhcea oculi go- 
 norrhoica, die gonorrhoische Augenentz. 
 
 The various forms of ophthalmy receive, 
 also, specific designations from their pecu- 
 liar exciting causes, or the morbid condi- 
 tions of system with which they are con- 
 nected ; as the catarrhal, scrofulous, and sy- 
 philitic, Ophth. catarrhalis, scrophulosa, 
 venerea vel syphilitica, L., die katarrha- 
 lische, scrophulose, venerische oder syphi- 
 litische Augenentz., G. ; or from the coun- 
 try in which they are endemic, as the E- 
 gyptian, Ophth. blennorrhcea oculi /- 
 gyptiaca, die agyptische Augenentzund. 
 
 " Im weitern Sinne," observes Most, in 
 his excellent Encyklop'ddie der gesammten 
 Medicinischen trnd Chirurgischen Praxis, 
 " umfasst das Wort Ophthalmic die ganze 
 Gattung jenen acuten und chronischen 
 Entziindungen, welche am Augapfel, an 
 seinen Hiiuten und Muskeln, an den Au- 
 genliedern und den Thranenwerkzeugen 
 verkommen. Im engern Sinne, nennt man 
 auch die am haufigstenverkommende Ent- 
 ziindung der Conjunctiva Ophthalmic. 
 Noch andere nahmen das Wort identisch 
 mit Ophthalmitis, und nennen die Entziin- 
 dung des Bulbus Ophthalmic." See, also, 
 OPHTHALMITE. 
 
 OFHTHALMIQUE, adj., o<t>fa.>.p.ix.is, 
 
 ophthalmicus, L., die Augen betreffend, 
 dazu gehorig, G., relating, or belonging, 
 to the eyes, /' <p&*A^aJ : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, 1. to an Artery, Artere 
 ophlhalmique ( orbitaire, Ch.), F., ar- 
 teria ophthalmica, L., die Augenaxlerie, 
 G., a branch of the internal carotid which 
 passes to the eye through the foramen op- 
 ticum : 2. two F>/ns,one of which, Vcine
 
 OPH 
 
 ophthalmique, vena ophthalmica, die Aug- 
 envene, quits the orbit by the sphenoid 
 fissure, and pours its blood into the caver- 
 nous sinus ; and the other, F". ophthalm. 
 faciale, forms a branch of communication 
 between the facial and ophthalmic veins : 3. 
 a Nerve, Nerf ophtlialmique ( orbito- 
 frontal, Ch.), nervus ophthalmicus, der 
 Augennerv, the smallest division of the 
 fifth, or TRIFACIAL; which, receivinga twig 
 from the first cervical ganglion, enters the 
 orbit through the sphenoidal fissure,and di- 
 vides into a lacrymal, frontal, and nasal 
 branch : and, 4. a minute Ganglion, G. 
 ophthalmique, ou Lentlculaire, g. ophthal- 
 micum, aerAttgenknoten, situated on the 
 external part of the optic nerve. In Phar- 
 macy, to remedies, les Topiques ophthal- 
 miques, F., ra, o$6K\/jt,ixu., remedia oph- 
 thalmica, L., die Augenmittel, G., topi- 
 cally employed in the treatment : in 
 common language, that branch of Medical 
 Science which, as Medecine ophthalmique, 
 seeOpHTHALMiATRiE, is restricted to the 
 study; and those Institutions which, as an 
 .Eye-Infirmary, die Augenkrankentwstalt, 
 are specially,or exclusively, devoted to the 
 observation, and management of ophthal- 
 mic diseases, die ^wjrenkrankheiten, G. 
 
 OpHTHAtMiTE,s.fI, ophthalmitis,f.L.: 
 according to the French .Lexicographers, a 
 synonym of OPHTHALMIE ; to the Ger- 
 man, internal ophthalmy, inflammation of 
 the eye-ball, die wahre innere Augenent- 
 z'undung, Entz. des Augapfels, G., ophthal- 
 mia interna, inflammatio bulbi oculi, L. 
 
 OPHTHALMOBLENNORBHEE, s. f., oph- 
 thalmoblennorrhoea, f. (o^a^os, the eye, 
 andBLENORRHEE),L., derAugenschleim- 
 fl uss, G . : a puriform discharge from the eye- 
 lids. OPHTHALMOCARCINOME, s. m., 
 ophthalmocarcinoma, n. L., der Augen- 
 krebs, G., cancer of the eye. OPHTHAL- 
 MOCELE, s. f., ophthalmocele, f. L., der 
 Augenbruch, G., hernia, or inordinate pro- 
 trusion, of the eye-ball, EXOPHTHALMIE. 
 
 OPHTHALMODYNIE, s. f., ophthalmo- 
 dynia, f. (s'^aX^oj, eye, oSvw, pain), dolor o- 
 culi, L., der Augenschmerz, G., pain of 
 the eye-ball : according to some witers, or- 
 bito-f rental neuralgia. OPHTHALMCEDEME, 
 s. m., ophthalmoedema, n. L., das Oedem 
 der Conjunctiva Oculi, G., an cedematous 
 condition of the conjunctiva of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMOGRAPHIE, s. f., ophthal- 
 mographia, f. (aip&zX^aV, the eye, ygti<p&>, to 
 describe), L., Beschreibung des Auges,G., 
 description of the eye. OPHTHALMOIA- 
 TRIE, s.f. See OPHTHALMIATRIE. OPH- 
 THAI.MOLOGIE, s. f., ophthalmologia, f. 
 (tyfaXpis. xtti Xoyas), I-..,die Augenlehre, 
 G., a discourse, or Treatise, upon the eye. 
 OpiiTHALMOLOGiQUE,adj., ophthalmolo- 
 gicus, L., ophthalmologisch, G., oph- 
 thalmological: pertaining toOphlhalmoloffy. 
 108 
 
 OPH 
 
 OPHTHALMOMETIIE, s. m., ophthalmo- 
 metrum, n. (same, and ftirgav, measure),L., 
 Augenmesser, m. G. ?, ophthalmome- 
 ter : an instrument for measuring the ca- 
 pacity of the chambers of the eye. 
 
 OpHTHAi.MONCiE,s.f., ophthalmoncus, 
 m. (same, and oyxa;, tumour), L., die Aug- 
 engeschwullst,G., tumefaction of the eye. 
 
 OPHTHALMONOSOLOGIE, s. f., ophthal- 
 monosologia, f. (same, and NOSOLOGIE), !.., 
 die Ophthalmonosologie, Augenkrank- 
 heitslehre, G., ophthalmonosology. See 
 Beer, Lehre von den Aurjenkranliheiten, etc. 
 2 vols, Wien, 1813 ; and Middlemore's ela- 
 borate Treatise on Diseases of the Eye, 2 
 vols 8vo. Birmingham, 1835. 
 
 OpHTHALMOFLfcoiE, s. f., ophthalmo- 
 plegia,f.(oip^aA./io;,lheeye, <r>.>jy^a stroke), 
 L., die L'dhmung der Augenmuskeln, G., 
 paralysis of the muscles of the eye-ball. 
 OPHTHALMOPTOSE, s. f., ophthalmopto- 
 sis,f. (same, and wruei;,a. falling down), pro- 
 lapsus bulbi oculi, L.., ein Vorfall AesAuy- 
 apfels, G., protrusion of the eye-bail, con- 
 sequent on hydrophthalmy ; complete pro- 
 lapsus of the organ. See EXOPHTHALMIE. 
 
 OPHTHALMORBHAGIE, s. , ophthal- 
 morrhagia, f. (1^0.^1;, the eye, pvyvvfti, to 
 burst forth), hcemorrhagia oculi vel orbitce, 
 L., eine starke Blutung aus dem Auoe, o- 
 der aus der Augenhohle, G., a profuse flow 
 of blood from the eye or orbit. OPHTHAL- 
 MORRHAGiQUE.adj., ophthalmorrhagicus, 
 ophthalmorrhagic : relating to, suffer- 
 ing, or proceeding from, Ophthalmorrhage, 
 Ophlhalmorrhagie betreffend, daran lei- 
 dend, davon herriihrend, G. OPHTHAL- 
 MORBufeE, s. , ophthalmorrho3a,f.(M7tf, 
 and piu, to flow), L.., der Augenfluss, G. 
 Extravasation of blood, or other fluid, be- 
 neath the eye-lids, unter den AugenMeA- 
 ern, constitutes the O. externa ; within 
 the eye, im Auge, O. interna, of German 
 ophthalmological writers. 
 
 OPHTHALMOSCOPIE, s. f., ophthalmo- 
 scopia, f. (o<p0a.Xfto;, the eye, o-xoviiu, to exa- 
 mine), L..: according to the French lexico- 
 graphers, the art of distinguishing thetein- 
 perament of an individual by examination 
 of his eyes ; to the German, ophthalmo- 
 scopy,or inspection of the eye, dieAugen- 
 schau, Untcrsuchung des Auges, G. OPTH- 
 THALMOSTATE, s. m., ophthalmostatum 
 (same, and <rrau, to fix), speculum oculi, n. 
 L., ein Ophthalmostat, Augenhalter, G. : 
 an instrument for separating the eye-lids, 
 and fixing the eye, during the performance 
 of the more important surgical operations 
 upon that organ. 
 
 OPHTHALMOTHERAPEUTIQUE, s. f., 
 
 ophthalmotherapia, f. (o^aX^oV, the eye, fi- 
 fat!T/, cure), L., ophthalmic therapeu- 
 tics: treatment of the morbid affect ions cfc the 
 eye. OPHTHALMOTOMIE, s. f., ophtlial- 
 motomia,f. (same, and rop*, incision ),L-,
 
 OPT 
 
 ophthalmotomy : in Anatomy, dissection : 
 in Surgery, incision of the cornea or other 
 membranes, or extirpation of the eye-ball. 
 Ophthalmotherapeuticus,adj.,L. : pertain- 
 ing to the treatment of eye-diseases. 
 
 OPHTHALMOXYSE, s. f., ophthalmoxy- 
 sis, f. (a$4aip,os, the eye, Z,vu, to scratch), 
 L. : scarification of the eye, die Scarifica- 
 tion des Auges,G., with an instrument, 
 
 OPHTHALMOXYSTRE, s. m., ophthalmo- 
 
 xystrum, n. (same, and |iWgov, a scarifier), 
 L., ein Augenkratzer, G., constructed 
 for the purpose. 
 
 OPIACE, adj., opiacus, L. : containing 
 opium. OPIAT, s. m., opiatum, n. L. : in 
 French Pharmacy, an Electuary, of these 
 there are several different formulae, into 
 the constitution of which opium essentially 
 enters : in German, and English, a remedy, 
 das Opiat, opiate; composed principal- 
 ly, or exclusively, of opium. OPIOLOGIE, 
 s. f., opiologia, f. L. : a compound of the 
 Greek, H*, juice of the poppy, and Xoyos; 
 employed to designate a Treatise on, or the 
 doctrine of, opium, die Lehre vom Opium. 
 OPILATION, s. f. See OBSTRUCTIONS 
 OPISTHOTONOS, s. m. : in Pathology, a 
 term borrowed from the Greek, o-fftySoravia, 
 (oW^,backwards,T/v<s;, to bend), opistho- 
 tonus, m., L. ; and employed to designate 
 that variety of tetanus, t. dorsalis, L., in 
 which the body is lent backwards, Starr- 
 krampf mil Ruckbiegung des Korpers, G. 
 
 OPISTO-GASTRIQUE, adj., opisto-gas- 
 tricus, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the cceliac artery, see CCELIAQUE ; 
 from its situation behind, aW^, the sto- 
 mach, ya,ffTri(>. 
 
 OPIUM, s. m., n. L.y ro n-xiov, das O- 
 pium, der Mohnsaft,G.: in Pharmacy, the 
 inspissated juice of the stems, and capsules, 
 of Papaver album, see PAVOT. French 
 and German Officinal Preparations : an A- 
 queous Extract, Extractum Opii Aqua fri- 
 gida paratum, Ph. Gall., Wassriges Opi- 
 umextract, G.; a Simple Tincture, Tinc- 
 tura de Opii Extracto, Einfache Opium- 
 tinctur ; a Compound Wine or Tincture, 
 Vinum de Opio compositum (Laudanum 
 liquidum Sydenhami), SafranhaltigeOpi- 
 umtinctur (Tinct. Opii crocata) ; a Syrup, 
 Syrupus de Opio, Opiumsyrup, see 
 DIACODE ; and an Electuary, Electuari- 
 um Opiatum Polypharmacum, Theriaca. 
 The French, moreover, have Extracts, in 
 addition to the Morphia, see MORPHINE, 
 prepared by long digestion ; by fermen- 
 tation ; and with wine : and an Astringent 
 Electuary, see DIASCORDE. f he Germans, 
 a Vinous, and a Benzoic Tincture, Wein- 
 ige, und Benzoesaurehaltige Opiumtinc- 
 tur, Tinct. Opii Benzoica, vel Elixir Pa- 
 regoricum; an Ether, Opiumather; zDis- 
 tilled Water, Destillirtes Opiumwasser; 
 and a Plaster, Opiumpflaster. For an a- 
 
 409 
 
 OPP 
 
 nalysis of opium, see Dictionnaire Univer- 
 selle de Matiere Medicale, vol. v. 
 
 OPOBALSAMUM,S.m., n.L., TO era?;i- 
 
 ffa.ft.itv, opobalsam : a term applied, by the 
 Greeks, to a liquid, odoriferous, and aroma- 
 tic balsam, Baume de la Mecyue, B. Tfc- 
 REBINTHINE de Judie ; which possesses 
 the general stimulant proper ties of the bal- 
 sams. The Balsam of Mecca is the pro- 
 duce ofAmyris opobalsamum, and gileaden- 
 sis. See BALSAMIER. 
 
 OPODELDOCH, ou OPODELTOCH, s. m. : 
 a term of Arabic origin; employed to de- 
 signate, in French Pnarmacy, ^remedy, for 
 external application, consisting of an in- 
 fusion of divers bitter and aromatic plants 
 in alcohol, with the addition of castor, cam- 
 phor, and white soap. Probably less ef- 
 fective, as less simple and elegant, than its 
 modern analogue, Linimentum Saponis, of 
 the London Pharmacopeia, It. saponato- 
 camphoratum, of Pharmakoloaische Tabel- 
 len, of the German Schwartze. 
 
 OPODEOCELE, ou OPOCELE, s. f., opo- 
 deocele,vel opocele, f.(Tj,an orifice, xfav, 
 hernia), h. foraminisovalis,L., derBruch 
 am eifb'rmigen Loche, G., hernia of the ov- 
 al, obturator or sub-pubic foramen. Synon. 
 with, but less objectionable than, OODEO- 
 CELE ; a compound of the Greek adj., uulns, 
 oodes, eiformig, egg-shaped, oval, 
 and xfan; and justly designated, by Kraus, 
 as " etwas dreist gebildet." 
 
 OPOPANAX, s. m. F., et L., a Vaarava|, 
 das Panaxgummi, der Panaxsaft,G. : in 
 Pharmacy, a fetid gum-resin ; supplied by 
 the root of Pastinaca opopanax, see PANA- 
 is. Reputed antispasmodic and expectorant. 
 OPPOSANT, adj., opponens, L., oppo- 
 nent, placed in opposition : a term substan- 
 tively employed,in Anatomy, to designate 
 two muscles of the hand ; as, 1. Muscle op- 
 posant ( CARPO-METACARPIEN, Ch.), du 
 pouce, Opponens Flexor ossis metacarpi 
 pollicis, Gegensteller des Daumens, G. : a 
 flat triangular muscle; attached, on one 
 side, totheanterior annular ligament of the 
 wrist, and 03 trapezium, on the other, a- 
 long the whole external border of the first 
 metacarpal bone: and, 2.M. oppos. ( Car- 
 po-Me'tacarpien) du petit doigt, Opponens 
 Abductor metacarpi minimi digiti ma- 
 nus, AbzieherdeskleinenFingers: a mus- 
 cle of like figure and disposition; extend- 
 ing from the anterior carpal ligament, to 
 the whole internal border of the fifth, or 
 last, metacarpal bone. 
 
 OPPOSE, adj., oppositus, L., gegenii- 
 berstehend,gegenstandig,entgegengesetzt, 
 G., opposed, placed opposite to each other, 
 on the same horizontal plane : an epithet, 
 in Botany, generally designative of parts 
 which, as \heflowcrs of Lysimachia nummu- 
 laria ; and, specifically, of plants whose 
 organs, as the bractea of Rafnia opposita,
 
 OR 
 
 are so circumstanced. OPPOSITIFOLIE, adj., 
 gegeniiberstehendblattrig, paarblattrig, 
 G. : generally designative of parts, or or- 
 gans, which, as thefower of Solatium dulca- 
 zara,and tendril of Vitis vinifera,are placed 
 diametrically opposite to the point from 
 which the leaf arises; specifically, of those 
 which, as Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, ex- 
 hibit leaves arranged, in opposition, on the 
 stem. See ALTERNE. 
 
 OPPRESSION, s. f. F-, and E., oppres- 
 sio, f. L., die Beangstigung, G.: in Patho- 
 logy, a sense of weight in any part of the 
 body, more especially the breast, Oppress, 
 de poitrine, oppressio pectoris, L. ; des 
 forces, oppressio virium, oppression of the 
 vital powers. 
 
 OpTICO-TROCHLEI-SctfcROTICIEN.adj.: 
 
 an epithet applied, by Dumas, to the su- 
 perior oblique muscle of the eye, see O- 
 BI.IQUE ; from its attachments. 
 
 OrxiauE, s. f., fi ovrrixri, optice,f. L., 
 dieOptik, Lichtlehre,G., Optics: that 
 branch of Physics which regards vision in 
 general, and, more especially, the pheno- 
 mena of light as propagated, in a direct 
 line, to the organ of vision. OPTICIEN, s. 
 m., optices peritus vel professor, JL., 
 der Opticus, G., an optician. 
 
 OPTICIUE, adj., ovriHos, opticus, L., . 
 optisch,G., optic, optical : relating to op- 
 tics, or the organs, or instruments, where- 
 by vision is accomplished, or assisted ; as, 
 in Anatomy, an orlitar orifice, Trou op- 
 tique, F., foramen opticum, L., das Seh- 
 nervenloch, G. ; situated near the base of 
 lesser wiug of the sphenoid bone, and trans- 
 mitting to the orbit, 2. a Nerve, NERF op- 
 tique ( oculaire, Ch.), nervus opticus, 
 der Sefmerv, of the second cerebral pair, 
 zweites Hirnpaar, G. ; which, on arrival 
 at the eye-ball, expanding into the retina, 
 see RETINE, constitutes the especial 
 seat of the sense of vision ; but does not a- 
 rise from, 3. the incorrectly designated op- 
 tic thalamus, see COUCHE, th. opticus, 
 der Sehhugel, of the older , Ganglion 
 cerebri posterius, das hintere Hirngang- 
 lion, of modern anatomical writers : in 
 Physics, an instrument, optisches Ipstru- 
 ment, G., for the purposes of more mi- 
 nute or extended vision. 
 
 In Psychology, and Pathology, the er- 
 roneous impressions, optical delusions, il- 
 lusiones opticee, L., sometimes conveyed, 
 through the organ of vision, to the mind, 
 under the influence of natural or morbid 
 causes ; as the celebrated spectre of the 
 Brocken, or the fantastic imagery which 
 disturbs the sensorium of the patient in ty- 
 phus gravior, delirium tremens, and other 
 pathological conditions of the brain. 
 
 OR, s. m., aurum, n. L., o #gy<raj, 
 Gold, n. G., and E. : a well-known metal ; 
 found, in nature, either pure, or combined 
 
 410 
 
 ORB 
 
 with a small quantity of silver, copper, 
 and iron. Spec. Grav. 29,157. Or musit, 
 mosdique, ou mora'ique, aurum mosaicum, 
 das Mahler^roM, mosaic gold : deuto- or 
 persulphuret of tin . fulminant, aurum 
 fulminans, Knall^roW: an oxide of gold, 
 oxyde d"or ammoniacal, precipitated, from 
 the hydrochlorate, by an excess of ammo- 
 nia. potable, aurum potabile : the li- 
 quid resulting from addition of a volatile 
 oil to a solution of hydrochlorate of gold. 
 
 ORAGE, s. m., ^uXXa, <r <], 
 procella, tempestas, f., turbo, m., L., 
 der Sturm, Sturmwind, G., storm, tem- 
 pest : a meteorological phenomenon, vary- 
 ing in violence and duration. Figurative- 
 ly, excessive mental agitation : I'orage de V 
 ame, animi perlurbatio,lj., the tempest of 
 the passions. ORAGEUX, adj., 6viKXulns, 
 
 procellosus, stiirmisch, stormy ; as 
 
 the ocean when agitated by the tempest: or 
 appearing, or delighting, in storms ; as the 
 common Stormy Petrel, Pitr. tempete, F., 
 Thalassidroma olim Procellaria pelagi- 
 ca, der gemeine S^wrwivogel, G. 
 
 ORANGE, s. f., F., and E., aurantium, 
 n. L,., die Pomeranze, Orange, G. : the 
 fruit of the Orange-tree, see ORANGER. 
 ORANGE, adj., pomeranzenfarbig,G., o- 
 range : in Physics, one of the seven colours 
 of the solar spectrum, second after the red. 
 
 ORANGEADE, s. f., F., G., and E. : the 
 juice of orange, diluted with water. 
 
 ORANGER, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Citrus (Polyadelphia,polyandriaJ, L., der 
 Pomeranzenbaum, G., Orange-tree; con- 
 stituting the type of the Aurantiaceee, of 
 British, and les GRANGERS, s. m., pi., ou 
 HESPERIDEES, of French botanical writers. 
 The three principal medicinal and dietetic 
 species are the Citron-tree, C. medico, 
 see CITRONNIER ; the Lemon, C. limoni- 
 um, LIMONIER; and sweet Orange, C. 
 aurantium. Thejlowers of the la Her afford 
 an antispasmodic Distilkd Water, Aqua 
 stillatitia de floribus Citri Aurantii, Ph. 
 Gall., das Pomeranzenbliithen wasser,G. ; 
 and an odoriferous Volatile Oil, NEROLI, 
 das Neroliol. The leaves, tonic and ano- 
 dyne : the dried rind, Cortex Aurantii 
 exsiccata, L.., die getrocknete Pomeranz- 
 enschale, of the fruit, see ORANGE, 
 bitter, aromatic, stimulant and tonic : juice 
 largely impregnated with citric acid. 
 
 ORBICULAIRE, adj., subrotundus,L., 
 zirkelrund, kreisformig, G. . an epithet ap- 
 plied, in the Natural Sciences, to organs, 
 or objects, which exhibit the figure of the 
 sphere or circle, orbis, L. ; as, in Anato- 
 my, 1. the smallest of the Ossicula auditus, 
 die Gehdrknochelchen, G., Os orbic. ou 
 lenticulaire, F., os orbiculare. lenticulare, 
 vel ossiculum Sylvii, I-., das runde Ohr- 
 beinchen,G. ; connecting the longer pro- 
 cess of the incus with stapes ; and regard-
 
 OHB 
 
 ed, by Sommerring, as, itself, a process of 
 the latter, see ETKIER : 2. an azygous or- 
 bicular Muscle, M. orbiculaire des levres,ou 
 LABIAL, Orbicularis, vel Sphincter, oris, 
 Li., der Ring- oder Schliessmuskel des 
 Mundes,G.; situated in the substance of the 
 lips,and extending from one commissure to 
 the other; and,3.an analogous muscle of the 
 ei/e-lidsy M. orblculaire des paupieres, see 
 PALPEBRAL : in Ichthyology, a species of 
 Choetodon, designated, from its figure, C. or- 
 bicularis : in Fossil Conchology, and Mala- 
 cology, the shell of the Nummulites, and of 
 a species ofOstrea, O. orbicularis ; and, in 
 Actinozoology, among the fungiform Pol;/' 
 pi, Meandrina orbicularis. In Botany, the 
 capsule of Rhinanthus crista galli ; the hile 
 ofEsculus; the stigma of Herberts ; and leaf 
 of Cotyledon orbiculare. ORBICULE, adj., 
 kreisrund, G., orbiculated ; as, in Zoolo- 
 gy, the abdomen of certain Arachnida ; and 
 the corselet of Lampyris : in Botany, the 
 leaf of Cocculus orbiculatus. 
 
 ORBITAIRE, adj., orbitar,orbit<iry, rela- 
 ting to, situated near or within, the orbit 
 of the eye : an epithet applied, in Anato- 
 my, 1. to the rounded and projecting ridge, 
 Arcade orbitaire, F., arcus orbitalis, vel 
 supraciliariSjL., der Augenbrauenbogen, 
 G., which separates the frontal from, 2. 
 the orbitar portion, P. orbitaire, das Au- 
 genhohlentheil, G., of the frontal bone ; 
 andforming part of the contour of, 3. the or- 
 bitar Cavity, Cavite, ou Fosse, orbitaire, 
 see ORBITE, terminates in, 4. two Pro- 
 cesses, Apophyses orbitaires ; the external 
 and larger of which, a processus orbitalis 
 externus, malaris, vel zygomaticus, L., 
 der Wangenbeinfortsatz, G., articulates 
 with the malar bone ; and the internal and 
 more slender, b. process, orb- internus vel 
 maxillaris, with os unguis and superior 
 maxillary bone, see ANGULAIRE : 5. the 
 orbilar Orifices ; of which there are, a. the 
 supra-orbitary, Trou orbitaire superieur, 
 foramen supraorbitale, das Qberauaen- 
 hohlenloch, situated on the arch of like 
 name, one third from its internal or nasal 
 extremity, and transmitting the frontal 
 nerve ; and, b. the two internal orbitar, in- 
 nere Augenhohlenlbcher, Trous orbitaires 
 internes, foramina orbitalia interna, vel 
 ethmoidea, formed by an union of corres- 
 ponding notches of the frontal and ethmoid 
 bones, and distinguished into an anterior 
 and posterior, vorderes und hinteres, G. ; 
 the former giving passage to ethmoid twig 
 of the nasal nerve, and to a small arterial 
 branch : 6. two Fissures, Fentes orbitaires, 
 of which, a. the superior, is termed the 
 sphenoid, see SPHENOIDE ; and, b. the in- 
 ferior, the spheno-max-illary, see SPHENO- 
 MAXILLAIRE : 7- an Artery, Artere orbi- 
 faire (die Augenh'Menschlagader, G.), of 
 Chaussicr,and ophthalmic, see OFHTHAL- 
 411 
 
 one 
 
 MIQUE, of other Anatomists : and, 8. a 
 Nerve, Ncrf orbitaire, der Augenhohlen- 
 nerv, supplied by the superior maxilla- 
 ry ; and entering the orbit by the spheno- 
 maxillary fissure. 
 
 ORBITE, s.f., orbita,f. L., die Augen- 
 hohle, G. : in Anatomy, the name of the 
 two facial cavities which contain the eye- 
 balls, and their appendages. In Man, it 
 is constituted by an union of three of the 
 cranial with four of the facial bones ; and 
 does not communicate, as in divers of the 
 Vertebrata, with the temporal fossa. For 
 its orifices, and fissures, see ORBITAIRE. 
 
 ORBITO-EXTUS-SCLEROTICIEN, ORBI- 
 
 TO-lNTus-ScLEROTiciEx, s. m., and adj. : 
 terms respectively applied, by Dumas, to 
 the external, and internal straight muscles of 
 the eye, see DROIT. ORBITO-MAXILLI- 
 LABIAL, by the same, to Levator labii su- 
 perioris, see ELEVATE UR. 
 
 ORBITO-PALPEBRAL,OHBITO-SUS-PAL- 
 PEBRAL, s. m., and adj. : terms applied, by 
 Chaussier, and Dumas, to Levator palpe- 
 bree superioris muscle, see ELEVATEUR. 
 
 ORCANETTE, s. f. : in Materia Medica, 
 the root, die Wurzel, G., or a prepara- 
 tion from the roof, of Anchusa tinctoria, die 
 rothe Ochsenzunge, G., a species belong- 
 ing to the French genus, BUGLOSSE. It 
 imparts a red colour to fatty substances ; 
 ana is slightly astringent. 
 
 ORCHIDE, adj., orchideus, L. : belong- 
 ing, as an orchideous plant, eine orchisar- 
 tige Pflanze, G., to the Orchidece, OR- 
 CHIDEES, s. f., pi., die Orchideen, oder 
 Knabenkrauter, G. : in Botany, a Family 
 of monocotyledonous plants, with epigy- 
 nous stamens ; having, for type, ORCHIS, 
 s. m., f. L., die Orchis, G. : a genus be- 
 longing to Gynandria, monandria ; and com- 
 prehending numerous species. The dried 
 root of several of these, as O. mascula, et 
 pyramidalis, das mannliche, und das pyra- 
 midalische Knabenkraut, G., affords an c- 
 dible farina, see SALEP. The genus takes 
 its designation from the real or imaginary 
 resemblance of the root to the testicular or- 
 gan, o og%i$, of the Mammifera. 
 
 ORCHIOCELE, s. f., orcheocele, i. (%<>-, 
 the testis, xfav, hernia, swelling), L. : in 
 Surgical Pathology, 1., hernia of the scro- 
 tum, der Hodensacksbruch, G. : 2. a swel- 
 ling of the testis, die Hodengeschwullst; 
 and, consequently, syn. with ORCHIONCIE, 
 s.f., orchioncus, velorchidoncus, m. (same, 
 and Syxos, a tumour), L. 
 
 ORCHITE, OHCHIDITE, s. , orchitis, 
 f. L., die Hodenentziindung, G., in- 
 flammation of the testis, %/y. OHCHO- 
 TOMIE, s. f., orchiotomia, f. (same, and 
 ropri, incision), L., das Castriren, Weg- 
 schneiden eines od. beider Hodcn, G., or- 
 chiotomy, castration, removal (by surgical 
 operation) of one or both teslcs, "
 
 ORG 
 
 ORDONNANCE, s. f., prsescriptio, f. L., 
 das Recept, G., prescription : in Medi- 
 cal Practice, a term synon. with FORMULE. 
 
 ORDRE, s. m., ordo, f. L., die Ord- 
 nung, G. : in Natural History, a number 
 of nearly-allied Families, or genera, con- 
 stitutes an Order ; and a collection of Or- 
 ders, a Class, see CLASSE. 
 
 OREILLE, s. f., TO avs> aros, auris, f. 
 L., das Ohr, G., ear : in Anatomy, the 
 organ of hearing ; distinguished, for facili- 
 ty of description and study, into, 1. the ex- 
 ternal, IV. externe, auris externa,L., 
 das aussere Ohr, G., comprehending the 
 auricle, see AURICULE, and meatus au- 
 ditorius externus, CONDUIT auditif; 2. 
 themiddle, lamoyenne, media, dasmitt- 
 lere, the cavity of the tympanum and its 
 dependencies ; and, 3. the internal, I* in- 
 terne, interna, das innere, more deeply 
 situated, and including the semi-circular 
 canals, cochlea, vestibule, and whole laby- 
 rinth. Orcille d'ane, d'homme, et <f 
 ours : respectively, the French popular 
 botanical designations of Symphytum offici- 
 nal-e, of Asarum europ&um, seeAsARET ; 
 and of a species of Primula, see PRIME- 
 VERB : demer, of the ear-shell, seeHA- 
 LIOTIDE. OREiLLfc,adj., auriculatus.L., 
 geohrt, mit Oerchen versehen, G., auri- 
 culated, furnished with auricles or ear-shap- 
 ed appendages : synon. with AURICULA:. 
 
 OREILLETTE, s. f., auricula, f. L. : a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, to two cavities; 
 which, situated at the base of the heart, 
 constitute part of that organ, see C(EUR. 
 Theawr/ctesare distinguished into the riffht 
 Or. droite (Sinus des veines caves, Ch.), 
 F., aur. dextra, atrium venarumcavarum, 
 L., derrechte Vorhofofor Vorkammer,G.; 
 and the left, gauche (S. des veines pulmo- 
 naireSjCh.), sinistra, atrium venarumpul- 
 monalium, der linke . The first receives 
 the blood from the venae cavse and coro- 
 nary cardiac vein,and transmits it, through 
 the right auriculo-ventricular orifice, into 
 the corresponding or pulmonary ventricle, 
 see VENTRICULE ; and the latter, 
 from the four pulmonary veins, through 
 the left opening of communication, in to the 
 left, or aortic, ventricle of the heart. In 
 Botany, the stipule, exhibited by certain of 
 the Jungermanniae. 
 
 OREILLON, s. m. : a vulgar term appli- 
 ed, by the French, to idiopathic inflamma- 
 tion of the parotid gland, or of the cellular 
 tissue, and lymphatic glands, by which 
 that organ is surrounded. 
 
 ORGANS, 8. m., ro oy^avav, organum, 
 n. L., Organ, G., and . : a term applied, 
 in Zoology, and Botany, to any part of an 
 organized body, animal or plant, which is 
 destined to execute a distinct and peculiar 
 function. Thus, the eye, in ihe former, con- 
 stitutes the organ of vision ; and the sta- 
 412 
 
 ORG 
 
 men and pistil, in the latter, the organs of 
 sexual impregnation. For an account of 
 the modern physiological division of the a- 
 nimal organs, see Bichat, Anatomic Gene- 
 rale, Edition par Blandin, Paris, 1830. OR- 
 GANIQUE, ad]., l^ya^iKo;, organicus, L., 
 organisch, G.': pertaining to organiza- 
 tion, or to the individual organs of which 
 the system is composed ; as, in Anatomy, 
 and Physiology, an organic tissue, organic 
 life, Tissu et Vie, organique. In Patho- 
 logy, applied to diseases, see LESION, 
 wherein the organ, constituting their seat 
 or source, has suffered a visible alteration 
 of structure or volume. By the French 
 Bordeu, moreover, the pulse is absurdly 
 termed organic ; when indicating, or sup- 
 posed to indicate, a morbid affection of any 
 particular organ. 
 
 ORGANISATION, s. f., F., and G., orga- 
 nisatio, L.., organization : the condition 
 of an organized body : the assemblage of 
 parts by which it is constituted ; or of laws 
 which regulate its actions. ORGANISE, adj., 
 organisatus, L,., organisirt, G., organiz- 
 ed : exhibiting the existence of organs; en- 
 dowed with organization. ORGANISME, s. 
 m., organismus, m. L., der Organism, 
 G. : a term synon. with ORGANIZATION ; 
 or, more especially, designative of the prin- 
 ciple whereby organized bodies, animal and 
 vegetable, are regulated. 
 
 ORGANOGRAFHIE, s. f., organographia, 
 f. (o^yavav, an organ, y^u, to describe),.L., 
 die Organographie, die Beschreibung , 
 organography, a description : ORGA- 
 NOLOGIE, s. f., organologia, f. (same, and 
 \oyos, a discourse), L,., die Organologie, 
 die Lehre von den Organen des leben. Kor- 
 pers, G., the doctrine of, or a Treatise on, 
 the organs of the living body. 
 
 OHGASME, S. in., a oeya,ff^,a; (l^yaa, to 
 
 feel an ardent desire or impulse), orgas- 
 mus, m. L., and G. : the condition of a 
 tissue, or organ, eine heftige Congestion, 
 and, more especially, of the generative 
 apparatus, wherein the vital action is 
 raised to the highest pitch of intensity. In 
 many of the inferior animals, as those of 
 the genus Cervus, thesexualorgrosm, Vorg. 
 sexuelle, exhibits a periodical character. 
 ORGE, s. m., et f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Hordeum (Triandria, digyn.; Graminete), 
 L., die Gerste, G., Barley. The seeds of 
 several of the species, as the spring-, win- 
 ter-, and common Barley, H. vulgare, hcx- 
 astichon, et distichonty xgifa, of the Greeks}, 
 die vierzeilige Sommeryerstc, vielzeilige 
 Wintergerste, und zweyzeilige Sommer- 
 gerste, G., are reckoned among the cere- 
 al grains ; and furnish a mucilaginous De- 
 coction, Decoctum Hordei, der Gerste- 
 schleim, G., employed, in Therapeutics, 
 as diluent and antiphlogistic. In a state of' 
 excortication, the seed, derGerstensame,
 
 ORP 
 
 G., is termed pearl-barley, Hordeum per- 
 latum, die Perlgersle, oder Perlgraupe. 
 
 ORGELET, s. m. : the popular designa- 
 tion of PTERYGION; from the resemblance 
 of the palpebral tumour to a barley-corn. 
 
 ORICULAIRE, see AURICDLAIRE. O- 
 
 RICULE, AURICULE. ORICULO-VENTHI- 
 
 CULAIRE, AURICULO-VENTRICTTLAIBE. 
 
 ORIFICE, s. m., orificium, n. L., rt 
 ffro^a., die Oeffnung, das Loch, G. : a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, to apertures of 
 communication between two cavities , as 
 the auriculo-ventricu lar orifices of the heart, 
 and the inter-auricular, -foramen inter-au- 
 riculare vel ovale,L., of the foetal heart: 
 or those which serve the purposes of en- 
 trance into, or of exit from, a cavity or ca- 
 nal ; as the orifices of the stomach, die 
 Magenmtmrfe, or that of the womb, os u- 
 teri, der Muttermwnrf, G. ; of the ure- 
 thra, orificium, vel ostium, cutaneum ure- 
 thrae ; or the external opening of the inferi- 
 or maxillary canal, die aussere (oder vor- 
 dere) Oeffiiung des Unterkiefercanals. 
 
 ORIGAN, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Ori- 
 ganum (Didynamia, gymnospcrm. ; Labiatai), 
 L,., 'O/yvf, derMajoran,G., Marjo- 
 ram. It contains, among other aromatic spe- 
 cies, the Dittany of Crete, see DICTAME. 
 
 ORIGINAIRE, adj., urspriinglich, G., 
 original : a term, in Pathology, synon. with 
 congenital, and in-born, see CONGENIAL, 
 et iNNfe ; especially, when applied to cases 
 of disease and malformation. 
 
 ORNITHOLOGIE, s. f., ornithologia, f. 
 (ogvij, opvifos, a bird, Xayoj, a discourse), L., 
 -die V ogelkunde,LeAre von den V'6geln,G. : 
 that branch of zoological Science which 
 treats on birds. See Brisson, Ornithologie, ou 
 Mithode, etc. 6, vols.4to. Paris, 1760. ORN- 
 iTHOLOGiauE,adj., ornithologicus, orn- 
 ithologisch, G., ornithological, pertaining 
 to : ORNITHOLOGISTS, s. m., o o^i6a\'o- 
 <ya;, ornithologicus, m. L., der Ornitho- 
 log, G., ornithologist: a writer on, or stu- 
 dent of ornithology, die Ornithologie, 
 
 Kenntniss od. Naturgeschichte der Vogel. 
 
 ORNITHORHYNCIUE, adj., vogelschna- 
 belig, G. ?, exhibiting a bill, TO fuy^h 
 like that of a bird, ogv/; ; as, in Masto- 
 zoology, the extraordinary duck-billed ani- 
 mal, Ornithorhynchus paradoxus, Sch na- 
 belihier, G., of New Holland : in Botany, 
 the legume of Trigonella ornithorhyncha. 
 
 ORONGE vraie, s. f. : the popular desig- 
 nation of an edible and delicate agaric, A- 
 
 garicus aurantiacus, der Pomeranzen- 
 
 schwamm, G. ; as Or.fausse, of a nearly- 
 allied, but deleterious species, A- pseudo- 
 auriantiacus, vel muscarius ( Amanita musca- 
 ria, of modern British Botany, seeGreville, 
 Scottish Cryplogamic Flora, vol. i, pi. 54), 
 der Fliegenschwamm, of the Germans. 
 
 ORPIMENT, s. m., auripigmentum, n. 
 L., das Operment, Auripigment, G. : a 
 
 413 
 
 ORY 
 
 vulgar designation of native yellow sulphu- 
 ret of arsenic; less poisonous than the oxide. 
 
 ORTEIL, s. m., die Zehe, G., toe : a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, to those mem- 
 bers of the lower or pelvic limb, Doigts 
 du pled, F., digiti pedis, L., which cor- 
 respond, in situation and number, with the 
 fingers of the hand ; and were evidently 
 constructed, and designed, to execute the 
 same functions, at least as organs of pre- 
 hension and of touch, in Man. 
 
 ORTHOCOLON, s. m., n. (fyfoxuXes, hav- 
 ing a stiff joint), L. : a term nearly synon. 
 with Anchylosis, see ANKYLOSE, as de- 
 signative of stiffness of a, joint, die Steifheit 
 eines Gliedes, G. In the former, however, 
 the limb invariably remains straight, ej- 
 6li ; while, in the latter, it is often bent. 
 
 ORTHOPEDIE, s. f., Orthopaedia, f. (>- 
 tof, straight, va.7s, an infant), L., die Or- 
 thopadie, G.: the art of preventing, or cor- 
 recting, by mechanical means, the malforma- 
 tions of children ; and especially those which 
 result from vicious direction of the bones 
 or articulations. ORTHOPEDIQUE, adj., 
 orthopadisch, G., relating to the science 
 : Instiiutumorthoptsdicum,!^., eine Ge- 
 raderichtungsa.nst&\t,G., an institution de- 
 voted to the practice of Orthopedy. 
 
 ORTHOPNEE, s. f., otfomioia, orthop- 
 ncea, f. L., die Orthopnoe, G. : the act, 
 or necessity, of sitting up, in the erect pos- 
 ture, to breathe ; or impossibility of respir- 
 ing in an horizontal position. 'OgDovnie'ixos, 
 adj., orthopnoicus, orthopnous, L. : re- 
 lating to, or suffering from, orthopncea. 
 
 ORTHOPTERE,adj., o^ofn^a;, orthop- 
 
 terous, having straight wings. ORTHOP- 
 TERES, s. m., pi., Orthoptera,Ij., die Or- 
 thopleren, G. : in Entomology, an Order 
 of tetrapterous Insects, with the two supe- 
 rior wings short, and exhibiting the cha- 
 racters of elytra, and the inferior longitudi- 
 nally folded in a straight line. It nearly 
 corresponds with the Ulonates, of Fabrici- 
 us ; and comprehends, with others, the Fa- 
 milies of the Gryllidte and Blattida. 
 
 ORTIE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Urtica 
 ( Moncecia,letrandr. ; C7r<<ce<Bj,L., -dieNes- 
 sel, oder die Brennessel, G., the Nettle. 
 Several of the more acrid species, as U. di- 
 oica, pilulifera, et wrens, die grosse, die ro- 
 mische,und die kleine Brennessel, are em- 
 ployed, as external irritants, see URTICA- 
 TION, in cases of nervous torpor, and pa- 
 ralysis. ORTIE, adj., urticatus, L., see 
 URTICAIRE. ORTiES,s.f.,pl., URTICEES. 
 
 ORYCTOGNOSIE, s. f., oryctognosia, f. 
 (o^uxro;, fossil, yvutrt;, knowledge), G., die 
 Oryktognosie, die Kenntniss der Fossilien, 
 G., oryctognosy, the science of : OHYC- 
 TOGRAPHIE, s. f., oryctographia, f. (same, 
 and -ygiiipu, to describe), L., die Orycto- 
 graphie, die Beschreibung , Oryctogra- 
 phy, the description of : ORYCTOLOGIE,S.
 
 OSM 
 
 f. , oryctologia, f. (same, and Xoyaj, a dis- 
 course), L., die Oryktologie, die Lehre 
 von den Fossilien, a Treatise on Fossils, 
 see Parkinson's Outlines of Oryctology, 8vo, 
 London, 1830. OaYCTOZooLOGiE, s. f., 
 oryctozoologia, f. (same, and v, an ani- 
 mal, Xoys, a discourse), L., die Orycto- 
 zoologie, die Lehre von den fossilen Thier- 
 versteinerungen, G., a Treatise on Fossil A- 
 nimal Remains; as that published, by Eich- 
 wald, in 1821. 
 
 Os, s. m.. n. L., TO oa-riov, das Bein, 
 der Knochen, G., bone : in Anatomy, the 
 name of the harder and more solid parts 
 which constitute the skeleton, or frame- 
 work, of the body of vertebrated animals. 
 Those of the human skeleton are distribut- 
 ed, from their figure, into the long, short, 
 and flat ; from their relative size, into the 
 large, middle-sized, and small; from their 
 number, into the azygous, or pairless and in- 
 variably symmetrical, and the paired bones. 
 Sommerring, in his admirable work, De 
 Corporis Humani Fabrica, calculates thus: 
 " integrum sceletum CCLVIIII, vel CCLXI, 
 ossa constituunt." British anatomists,with 
 even the addition of the sesamoid bones, 
 enumerate only 248, as belonging to the 
 human skeleton. Os crotaphal : a bone, de- 
 scribed, by Be'clard, in his Memoire sur f 
 Osteose, as frequently occupying the ante- 
 rior inferior or temporal angle of the hu- 
 man parietal. epactale, os goethianum, 
 see GOETHIEN. Os en ceinture : a term 
 applied, by Gouan, Histoire des Poissons, 
 to the whole osseous apparatus of the 
 pectoral fin of Fishes. 
 
 OSCHEITE,OU OSCHE"OTITE, S. f., OSchi- 
 
 tis, vel oscheotitis, f. (<r^;w, the scrotum), 
 L., die Hodensackentziindung, G., in- 
 flammation of ihe scrotum. In like manner, 
 OsTkocARciNOME, s. m., OsTEOCELE, and 
 OSCHEONCIE, s. f., osteocarcinoma, n., 
 oscheocele, f., and oscheoncus,m. L., sub- 
 stantive compounds of eV^jj, with xagxiva- 
 fta, x!X, x.Ki o-yxa, are, respectively, em- 
 ployed, by the French, to designate cancer, 
 der Hodensackskrebs, G., hernia, der 
 -bruch, and swelling, or tumour, die -ge- 
 schwullst, of the scrotum. 
 
 OSEILLE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Ru- 
 mex (Hexandria, trigyn. ; PolygonecejJL., 
 der Sauerampfer, G., the dock. One of 
 the species, R. acetosa, YOseil. ordinaire, 
 F., gemeiner Sauerampfer, G., the com- 
 mon Sorrel, constitutes, from the acid 
 which it contains, a grateful and cooling es- 
 culent ; less delicate, however, than R. scu- 
 talus. Leaves employed, in Lapland, to a- 
 cidulate milk. Root powerfully astringent ; 
 and affording, when dried and boiled, a 
 beautiful red colour. 
 
 OSMAZOME, s. f., osmazoma, n. L., 
 das Fleischextract, thierischer Extractiv- 
 stoff, G., osmazom : in Animal Chemis- 
 
 414 
 
 OST 
 
 try, the principle which communicates to 
 broth, o %ufio;, its peculiar odour, fi lap*. 
 A constituent of the muscular structure 
 of animals, and of the substance of certain 
 Fungi,it exists, in broth, according to The'- 
 nard, in the proportion of one part of OA- 
 mazom to seven parts of gelatine. 
 
 OSPHALGIE, OU OSPHYALGIE, S. f., OS- 
 
 phyalgia, f. (latyvs, the loins or hips, Xyy, 
 pain), L., das Lendenweh, Huftweh, G. : 
 a legitimately constructed synonym of the 
 hybrid, COXALGIE. 
 
 OSPHRESIOLOGIE, s. f., ophresiologia, f. 
 (oVp<r/f, the sense of smelling, xyj, a dis- 
 course),!,., dieGeruchs- oder Biechlehre, 
 G., osphresiology : a Treatise on the sense 
 of smell, or, more properly, on odours. 
 
 OSPHYTE, s. f., osphytis, osphyitis, os- 
 phyalgia acuta, L., eine Entziindungder 
 Theile in und am Htiftgelenke, G., in- 
 flammation of the parts in, and about, the 
 coxo-femoral articulation, or of the cellular 
 membrane of the loins, n o/r<pus. 
 
 OSSELET,S. m., TO ofTagiov, Beinchen, 
 n. G., a little bone, bonelet ? : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the four small bones, 
 Osselets de Foreille, ossicula auditus, L., 
 die Gehorknochelchen, G., which occupy 
 the cavity of the tympanum,from membra- 
 na tympani to fenestra ovalis, see MAR- 
 TEAU, ENCLUME, ORBICULAIRE, ETRIER; 
 also, to the small bones, ossicula suturarum, 
 vel triquetra, die Naihknochen, G., see 
 WORMIEN, frequently interposed in the 
 cranial sutures : in Botany, a term, das 
 Steinchen, G., synon. with NUCULE. 
 
 OsSEUX, adj., OSS6US, L., offTii'vo;, 
 
 knochern, knochig, G., osseous, bony, 
 
 formed of, or resembling, bone : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the substance, Tis- 
 su ,and whole assemblage, Systtme osseux, 
 das Knochensystem, G., of the bones : in 
 Pathology, to morbid affections, or altera- 
 tions, see OsTEALGiE,et OSTEOSARCOME, 
 of the bones : in Zoology, to a Sub- 
 class of the Class, Pisces, comprehending 
 those fishes, Poissons osseux, F., Pisces 
 ossei, L., die Gratenfische, G., the pieces 
 of whose skeleton, instead of being purely 
 cartilaginous, as in les Poissons CARTILA- 
 GINEUX, die Knorpelfische, G., contain 
 a large proportion of calcareous salts : in 
 Botany, to the organs of plants, as the 
 stone-like fruit of Cocos nucifcra. 
 
 OSSIFICATION, s. f , F., and E., ossifi- 
 catio, f. L., die Verknocherung, G. : for- 
 mation of bone; growth, and development, 
 normal or irregular, of the osseous tissue. 
 
 OSTAGRE, S. f., offTKy^a, OStagra, OS- 
 
 teagra, f. L., die Knochenzange, G. : in 
 Surgery, an instrument bone-forceps for 
 extraction of fragments of broken bone. 
 
 OSTEALGIE, S. f., OStealgia, f. (ofriov, a 
 
 bone, aXyaj, pain), ossium dolor, L., der 
 Knochenschmerz, G., pain in the bones.
 
 OST 
 
 OSTEAI.GITE, s. f., ostealgitis, f. L., die 
 Knochenentziindung,G. acute in flamma- 
 alion of the osseous structure. 
 
 OsTEocELE,s.f.(same, and *jA., hernia), 
 F., etL.:theossOMsor cartilaginous indu- 
 ration, die knochenartige oder knorpelige 
 Verhiirtung, G., sometimes occurring in 
 old hernialsacs, after the reduction of their 
 contents. 
 
 OSTEOCOPE, adj. (o/rriov, a bone, xo-n-ra, to 
 strike) : an epithet employed to designate 
 a dull pain, a osnoxovo; Ayj, dolor osteo- 
 copus, L,., eiu schwerer, driickender Kno- 
 chenschmerz, G., which affects the bones. 
 
 OsTEODERMESjS.m.pl. Osteodermi(Pis- 
 ces), L., die Knochenhauter, Osteoder- 
 men,G.: a Family of Fishes; whose bodies, 
 like those of the genus, Oslracion, le Cof- 
 fre,F., are covered with an indurated crust 
 or skin, S^a, resembling bone, aVrlav. 
 
 OSTEODYNIE, s.f., osteodynia, f. (oo-riov, 
 a bone, oiutn, pain), L. : a term synon. with 
 
 OSTEALGIE. 
 
 OSTEOGENESIE, OsTEOGE'NIE. S. f., OS- 
 
 teogenia,f.(8(TTov,bone, ymovj, generation), 
 L.., osteogeny, see OSSIFICATION. 
 
 OSTEOGRAPHIE, S- f., osteographia, f. 
 (offTiov, a bone, y<p, to describe),L., die 
 Osteographie,G. ?, osteography, a descrip- 
 tion of : OSTEOLOGIE, s. f., osteologia, 
 f. (same and Kayos, a discourse), L., die 
 Knochenlehre, Osteologie, G., a Treatise 
 on the bones. OsxEOLOGiauE,adj., oste- 
 ologicus, osteologisch, osteological : per- 
 taining to osteology, fi offTioXoyix. 
 
 OsTEOLiTE,s.m., osteolitnus.m.fsajwe, 
 and Kiia;, a stone), L., die Knochenver- 
 steinerung, ein Osteolith,G., a fossil bone. 
 See Cuvier, Recherches sur les Ossem. fossiles 
 des Quadrupedes, ^ vols 4to. Paris, 1822-4. 
 
 OSTEOMALACIE, -MALAKIE, -MALAX- 
 
 IE, s. f., osteomalacia, f. (ofr'tav, a bone, 
 f/.XciKos, soft), L., das Weichwerden der 
 Knochen,G.: softening, from chronic inflam- 
 mation of the cellular tissue, of the bones. 
 
 OSTEONCIE, s. f., osteoncus, m. (same, 
 and oyx<>s,a. tumour), L., die Knochenge- 
 schwullst, oder -anschwellung,G., an os- 
 seous tumour. Synon. with EXOSTOSE. Os- 
 TEONECROSE, s.f., osteonecrosis, f-(same, 
 and vixguffis, mortification), necrosis ossium, 
 L., see NECROSE. OsxEOPHTHORiE,s.f., 
 osteophthoria, f. (offriav, a bone. qQoaa., 
 destruction, decay), spina ventosa, L., die 
 Knochenverderbniss,G. OSTEOPHYME,S. 
 m., osteophyma, n. (same, and <pupa, a 
 swelling), L.: synon. with OSTEONCIE. 
 
 OSTEOPSATHYHOSE, s. f., osteopsathy- 
 rosis, f. (o<rTov, a bone, $a.6u%ls, fragile), os- 
 siumfragilitas,li., die Zerbrechlichkeit der 
 Knochen, G., fragility of the bones. 
 
 OsTEOSARCOME,m.,OSTEOSARCOSE, S. f., 
 
 osteosarcoma, n., osteosarcosis, f. (o^rso>, 
 a bone, <ra.^iu/^a., ra^xufi;, a growth of flesh, 
 formation of a fleshy excrescence), L., die 
 
 415 
 
 OTI 
 
 Knochenfleischgeschwullst, die Verwaml- 
 lung der Knochen in eine fleischdhnliche 
 Masse, G.: conversion of bone into a mass 
 resembling./fesA,- consequent upon chronic 
 inflammation of the osseous tissue. 
 
 OSTEOSE, s. f ., osteosis, f. L. : a term 
 applied, by Be'clard, to that part of Anato- 
 my which treats upon the development of 
 bones ; by the German Kraus, as designa- 
 tive of growth, or formation, of bone, die 
 Verknocherung, Knochenbildung ; and, 
 consequently, synon. with OSTEOGENIE. 
 
 OSTEOSTEATOME,S. m., osteosteatoma, 
 n.(aiTTav,andSTEAT6ME),L. die Knochen- 
 speckgeschwullst, ein speckartiger Knoch- 
 enauswuchs, G., conversion of the osseous 
 tissue into a substance resembling lard. 
 
 OSTEOTOMIE, s. f., osteotomia, f. (<Ws- 
 v, refiYi, incision), L., dieOsteotomie } G., 
 osteotomy : anatomical dissection,^ pre- 
 paration, of the bones. OSTITE, s. f, osti- 
 tis, ossium inftammatio, f. L., inflammation 
 of bones, see OSTEALGITE. 
 
 OSTEOZOAIRES, s. m., and adj., pi., Os- 
 teozoa, f. (see MALACOZOAIRES), L. : a term, 
 in Zoology, employed, by Blainville, as a 
 synonym of VERTEBHES. Osleozoon,s.n.Ij., 
 das Knochenthier, G. ?, a bony or ver- 
 tebrated animal. 
 
 OSTRACES, s. m., pi., Ostracea, Ostreae, 
 L., Ostraceen, die Austern,G. : in Mala- 
 cology, a Family of Acephalous Mollusca, 
 or Conchijera ; having, for type, the genus, 
 Ostrea, see HUITRE. 
 
 OSTRACODERME, adj., off<r(>axo$t(>ft,os,. 
 
 covered with a shell-like skin, testaceous. 
 OSTRACODERMES, s. m.,pl., Ostrucoderma, 
 Ostracodermata, L. : a term applied, gene- 
 rally, to the testaceous animals, die Schaal- 
 thiere, G.; and, specially, to a Family of 
 Cartilaginous Fishes; comprehending those 
 species, of which the skin, or general inte- 
 gument, exhibits an osseous character. 
 
 OTALGIE, s. f.. otalgia, f. (v$, uro;, the 
 ear, aXyaj, pain),L., der Ohrschmerz, die 
 Otalgie,G., ear-ache, pain in the ear. OT- 
 TALGIQUE, adj., ur&t.'yixos, pertaining 
 to, or suffering from, otalgy : Remedes otal- 
 giques, F-, remedia otnlgica, L., ra raX- 
 <ytxa, die Mittel gegen Ohrenschmerz, G., 
 remedies for ear-ache, ura.\y'n*., 
 
 OTENCHYTE, s. f., I urfy^urns, oten- 
 chy tes, f. L., die Ohrspritze, G., ear-sy- 
 ringe: an instrument for injecting liquids, 
 remedia otenchyta, L., into the ear ; al- 
 so, the fluid for such injection. OTIQUE, 
 adj., oticus, L.: an epithet designative of 
 topical remedies, die OArmittel, G., for 
 diseases of the ear. OTIRRHEE, s. f., see 
 OTORRHEE. 
 
 OTITE, s.f., otitis.f.L., inflammation 
 of the ear; distinguished, 1. from its pre- 
 cise seat, into the external^ ot. externa, L., 
 die aussere Ohrcntzundung, G., when 
 restricted to the membrane of meatus au-
 
 OUL 
 
 ditorius externus; and the internal, ot. in- 
 terna, die innere, when occupying the 
 cavity of the tympanum : and, 2. from its 
 character, in to the acute, and chronic, VOtite 
 aiguK, et chronique, F. 
 
 OTOGRAPHIE, s. f., otographia, f. (oSs, 
 the ear, y^a, to describe), L., die Oto- 
 graphie, G., a description of : OTOI.O- 
 GiE,s.f., otologia, f.(same, and xyas,a dis- 
 course), L., die Otologie, G., a Treatise 
 on thehumanear. See Sommerring, Icones 
 Organi Auditus Humani, fol. Frant. 1806. 
 
 OTORRHAGIE, s. , otorrhagia, f. (aSs, 
 the ear, ptyvvfii, to burst out), L,., der 
 Ohrblutfluss, G., otorrhagy, hemorrhage, 
 or flow of blood . OTORRHEE, s. f., o- 
 torrhcea, f. (same, and pita, to flow), L., 
 der Ohrfluss, die Otorrhoe, G., discharge 
 of a serous, mucous, or purulent fluid 
 from the auditory mentus. 
 
 OTOTOMIE, s. f., ototomia, f. (ovs, the 
 ear, rofi.it, incision), L., die Ototomie, G., 
 ototomy : anatomical dissection, and pre- 
 paration, of the organ of hearing. 
 
 OUIE, s. f., auditus, m. L., fi *>, 
 das Horen, G., hearing ; in Physiology, 
 one of the five senses of the more perfect 
 animals, see AUDITION : in Zoology, a 
 vulgar designation of the branchial or gill- 
 apertures, aperturae branchiales, L., die 
 Kiemenoffnungen, G., of fishes. 
 
 OURAQUE, s. m., urachus, m. (quae 
 vox non ab TO ov^ov, et i%u, sed immediate 
 exo0gov,derivandaest),uraniculum,n.L,., 
 das Blasenband, oder Harnschnur, G. : in 
 Anatomy, a membranous canal ; which, a- 
 rising from the bladder of certain Mammife- 
 ra, and issuing from the abdomen, through 
 the umbilicus, terminates in the allantois, 
 see ALLANTOIDE. According to Saba- 
 tier, the urachus exhibits, in the human 
 fetus, an analogous disposition. Bichat 
 regarded it as a suspensory ligament of the 
 bladder, extending from tne summitof that 
 organ to the umbilicus, and there con- 
 founded with the abdominal aponeuroses ; 
 and the existence of a cavity in the human 
 urachus as a defect of conformation. By a 
 late distinguished physiologist, it has been 
 remarked that this organ, in the human 
 subject, is canaliculated, and continuous, 
 on one band, with the bladder ; on the o- 
 ther, with the chorion, or middle mem- 
 brane of the ovum. The umbilical vesi- 
 cle, or human allantois,so imperfectly de- 
 veloped that even its existence has "been 
 denied byBlumenbach, is, in his opinion, 
 merely an appendage of the intestinal ca- 
 nal ; and probably connected with the nu- 
 trition of the embryo. 
 
 OULORRHAGIE. s. f., oulorrhagia, f. 
 (Jxov, the gums, pv-ywpi, to burst out), vel 
 ulorrhagia, L., die Oulo- oder Ulorrha- 
 gie, eine Blutung aus dem Zahnflcischefi., 
 -hemorrhage from the gums. 
 
 416 
 
 OVA 
 
 OURETIQUE, adj., oureticus, L., ure- 
 tic ? : an epithet applied, by Guyton-Mor- 
 veau, to the phosphoric acid ; as existing in 
 urine. OURONOLOGIE, s. f., ouronologia, 
 f. (Jgav, urine, Xoyss, a discourse), L.., -die 
 Ouronologie, G., ouronology : a Treatise 
 upon urine. 
 
 OCRSIN, s. m. : a genus, in Actinozoolo- 
 gy, Echinus, L. ; belonging to Class, Echi- 
 nodermata, les Echinodermes,~F., and Or- 
 der, Echinida, of the Sub-regnum, Nema- 
 toneura, of Owen ; and Radiata, of Cuvier ; 
 and constituting the type of the Family of 
 the Echini, OURSINS, s. m., pi., die E- 
 chiniten, G., or Echinites. Of the living 
 Echini, or Sea-hedgehogs, so designated, 
 from their rugged and spiny envelope, 
 which invariably inhabit the ocean, one 
 species, I" Our sin commun,G., E. esculen- 
 tus, der gemeine essbare Seeigel, oder 
 Meerigel, G., is edible. The extinct spe- 
 cies, see Walch, Die Naturgeschichte der 
 Versteinerungen zur Erlduterung der Knor- 
 rischen Sammlung, etc. 5 vols. folio, Nu- 
 remburgh, 1773, occur, in countless num- 
 bers, in a fossil state. 
 
 OVAIRE, s. m., ovarium, n. (ovum, an 
 egg), L., der Eierstock, G., ovary: a 
 term applied, in Anatomy, to the organs 
 in which the ova of oviparous animals are 
 generated ; and, by analogy, to the secre- 
 tory organ of the embryo, in the female 
 Mammifera : in Zoology, a collection, or ico- 
 nographical delineation, as Donovan's Ova- 
 rium Britannicum, of the eggs of Birds : in 
 Botany, that portion, the germen, der 
 Fruchtknoten, G., of the pistil, or female 
 organ, of plants, which contains the seeds. 
 
 OVALE, adj., ovalis, L.., eirund, G., 
 oval : an epithet designative, in Anatomy, 
 1. of the egg-shaped orifices, Trous ovules, 
 F., of certain bones ; as, a. the foramen 
 orate ossis sphenoidei, which, situated in the 
 basis cranii, gives exit to the third, or in- 
 ferior maxillary, division of the trifacial 
 nerve : and, b. the foramen ovale, vel oblu- 
 ratorium, seeOuTURATEUR, Aaseirunde 
 L,och,G., of the os innominatum : and, 2. 
 divers apertures, depressions, or appearan- 
 ces, presented by the soft parts ; as, c. for- 
 amen ovale, vel inter-auriculaire, Troudc 
 BOTAL, ou inter-auriculaire, which, per- 
 forating the inter-auricular septum of the 
 foetal heart, ordinarily gives place, after 
 birth, to, d. the fossa ovalis, Fosse ovale, 
 das eiformige Grube : and, e. the centrum 
 ovale, see CENTRE, of the brain, desig- 
 nated, by the Germans, die Decke der 
 Seitenventrikel des grossen Gehirns. In 
 Zoology, applied, specifically, to Conchife- 
 ra whose testaceous coverings, as the shell 
 ofMytilus ovalis : in Botany, to organs 
 of plants which, as the cotyledonoi' Cheiran- 
 thus cheiri, and the petal of Slatice nrmeria, 
 exhibit ibe figure of an egg.
 
 OXA 
 
 OVALIFOLIE, OVATJFOLIE, adj., ovali- 
 vel ovatifolius, L., eyblattrig, G. : an e- 
 pithet specifically designative of plants ; 
 which, as Chrysosplenium ovalifolium, are 
 distinguished, from their congeners, by the 
 possession of oval or ovate leaves. 
 
 OVARISTE, s. m. : a physiologist who ex- 
 plains the mysteries of generation on the 
 universal principle of the development of 
 ova. OVARITE, s. f., see OOPHORITE. 
 
 OVE, adj., ovatus, L., eiformig, G., 
 ovate : exhibiting the figure of an egg, o- 
 vum ; and, hence, synon. with OVIFORME, 
 adj., oviformis, L., oviform. 
 
 OVIDUCTE, s. m., oviductus, m. L., 
 der Eiergang, G. ?, oviduct : in Zoology, 
 the intestine-like tubewhich conveys the egg 
 from the ovary, to the exterior of the bo- 
 dy, of oviparous animals. In Birds, there 
 is but one oviduct, or tubus genitalis, and 
 that, invariably, on the left side. Blumen- 
 bach, see Handbuch der Vergleichenden A- 
 natomie,341, has, with questionable pro- 
 priety, divided the whole tube into vagina, 
 uterus, and proper oviduct, the AD-UTE- 
 RUM of St. Hilaire ? By De Graaf, the 
 term, oviductus mulicbris, has been applied 
 to the Fallopian tube, TROMPE uterine, 
 of the human female. 
 
 OVIPARE, adj., oviparus, L., UOT'OKOS, 
 eierlegend, G., oviparous : a term, in 
 Zoology, applied to animals, which produce 
 their young from eggs. Strictly speaking, 
 animals and plants are, with few excep- 
 tions, oviparous, see CEur. But the term 
 is, in ordinary language, restricted to the 
 animals from whose ova, protected by a 
 tough horn-like or calcareous envelope, the 
 young are evolved subsequently to their 
 expulsion from the entrails of the parent : 
 and, consequently, opposed, in significa- 
 tion, to VIVIPARE, see, also, Ovo-vivi- 
 PARE. In this restricted sense, certain Mol- 
 lusca, the majority of Insects and Reptiles, 
 all Birds, and even a few Mammifera, as 
 Ornithorhynchus, and Echidna,are oviparous. 
 OVIVORE, adj., uaQa>yos ?, eierfressend, 
 G., ovivorous : an epithet applied to ani- 
 mals ; which, as Coluber ovivorus, subsist, 
 principally, on the eggs of birds. 
 
 Ovo-ViviPARE,adj., ovo-viviparus,L., 
 -ovo-viviparous : an epithet designative 
 of animals, in the interior of whose body 
 the egg, ovum, in the more restricted ap- 
 plication of the term, bursts previously to 
 its expulsion; and whose young are, conse- 
 quently, born alive. This phenomenon is 
 exhibited by divers Reptiles, and Mollusca, 
 and some Insects, especially the Diptera. 
 
 OVULE, s. m., ovulum, n. (diminutive 
 of ovum),tj., das Eychen.G., a little egg: 
 a term applied, in Botany, to the rudiment 
 of a seed contained in the ovary of plants. 
 
 OXACIDE, s. m., oxacidum, n. L., die 
 Sauerstoffsaure.G. : in Chemistry, an acid 
 
 417 
 
 OXY 
 
 resulting from combination of oxygen with 
 a simple body. 
 
 OXALATE, s. m., oxalas, n. I..: in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, oxalsaure Salze, 
 G., resulting from combination of oxalic 
 acid, Acide oxalique,f '., acidum oxalicum, 
 L.., die oxal- od. S<iuerklees'dure,G., with 
 salifiable bases. This acid, which abounds 
 in Oxalis acetosella, Rumex acetosa, and di- 
 vers other plants, is, when administered 
 in large doses, poisonous. 
 
 OXYCOIE, s. f., fi oyutixoix, oxyecoia, f. 
 L. : a term literally signifying quickness , 
 but employed, in Pathology, to designate 
 a morbid sensibility of (the organ of) hear- 
 ing, das krankhaft verstarkte Gehor, G. 
 
 OXYCRAT, s. m., n. G.,andE., roo%u- 
 Kparov, oxycratum, n. L. : a mixture of 
 vinegar and water, ein Gemisch aus Es- 
 sig und Wasser, G. ; employed, internally 
 and externally, as antisepticand refrigerant. 
 
 OXYDATION, s. f., F., G., and E., oxy- 
 datio,f. L..: in Chemistry,the action ofoxy- 
 dating, or combining oxygen with a body, so 
 as to form an oxide, OXYDE, s. m., oxy- 
 dum,n. L., dasOxyd, G.: the compound 
 resulting from such combination ; when 
 such compound does not exhibit the pro- 
 perties of an acid. Oxydeszre distinguished, 
 from the nature of the bodies which com- 
 pose them, into metallic, and non-metallic ; 
 from the proportions of oxygen which 
 they contain, into prof-, deut-, and tritoxldes. 
 The lowest in the scale of oxydation is, more- 
 over, termed OXYDULE; the highest, PER- 
 OXIDE. Oxides, combined with water, con- 
 stitute Hydrates ; and metallic oxides, with 
 acids, the various salts. OXYDB, adj., 
 oxydatus. L., oxidirt, G., oxydated : an 
 epithet employed to designate the state of 
 a non-acid body combined with oxygen. 
 OXYDER, v. a. : to oxydate, or effect such 
 combination. 
 
 OXYDULE, s. m., oxydulum, n. L., 
 das Oxydul, G. : a term applied to an ox- 
 ide which contains less oxygen than any o- 
 ther of its genus. Thus, the French che- 
 mists designate the protoxide of azote, Gaz 
 oxydule , to distinguish it from the deut- 
 oxide, G. oxyde d'azote. 
 
 OXYGALE, s. m., ro oi-u'yaXa, oxygala, 
 f. L.., die Sauermilch, G., sour milk. 
 
 OxYGENABLE,adj.: an epithet applied to 
 all bodies which are susceptible of OXYGE- 
 NATIOX, s.f., oxygenatio,f.L., die Oxy- 
 genirung, G., the action of combining, 
 whatever be the nature of the resulting 
 compound, with oxygen, OXYGENE, s. m., 
 oxygenium, n. (ov;, acid, yitiau, to en- 
 gender), L., das Oxygen, der Sauerstoff j 
 G. ; a gaseous body discovered, by Priest- 
 ley, in 1 774 ; and termed oxygen, as erro- 
 neously supposed to enter into the consti- 
 tution of all acids. It is essential to animal 
 respiration ; and has been hence designated 
 
 2E
 
 OXY 
 
 vital air, die Lebensluft, G., by the old- 
 er chemists. OXYGENE, adj., oxygenatus, 
 L., ozygenirt,G., oxygenated : combin- 
 ed with oxygen. 
 
 OxYGfcNESE, s. f., oxygenesis, f. L. : a 
 Class of Diseases in La Nosologie, of the 
 French Baumes; fancifully attributed, by 
 that antiquated writer, to disturbance of 
 the oxygenation of the organic tissues. 
 
 OXYGEUSIE, s. f., oxygeusia, f. (lus, a- 
 cute, lyiufi;, taste), L., die Oxygeusie,G. : 
 in Pathology, an excessive, morbid, develop- 
 ment of the sense of taste. In like manner, 
 OXYHAPHIE, or more correctly, OXYA* 
 PHIE, oxyhaphia veloxyaphia,f.L. ; Ox Y- 
 OPIE, oxyopia ; and OxYPHafcsiE, oxy- 
 phresia, feminine substantive compounds 
 of el-us, with a.Qm, a\, and aVpgjja'/j, are em- 
 ployed to, respectively, designate a morbid 
 excitation, or development, of the sense of 
 touch, of vision, and of smell. They may be 
 rendered into German by simple prefix of 
 the feminine article, die; into English, by 
 conversion of the final ie into y. 
 
 OXYMEL, s. m., n. L., ro I\\>(K\I : in 
 Pharmacy, a compound of vinegar and ho- 
 ney. The French and Germans have an Of- 
 ficinal Simple Oxymel, Oxymel Simplex, 
 Ph. Gall., Sauerhonig, G. ; an Oxymel of 
 Colchicum (Ox. cokhitique, F.), Oxym. de 
 Aceto Colchici, Herbstzeitlosen-Sauer- 
 honig ; and of Squill (Ox. scillitique),Ox.ym. 
 Scilliticum, Meerzwiebelsauerhonig;and 
 the Germans, an Oxymel of Belladonna, 
 Belladonna- Sauerhonig. The Mellitum 
 de Acetate Cupri, vulgb Unguentum E- 
 gyptiacum ( Oxym.cuivreux},of the French, 
 is,mQreover,theoxymelof Copper, dasKup- 
 fersauerhonig, of German Pharmacology. 
 
 OXYPETALE, adj., oxypetalus (o&s, a- 
 cute, xi'ra.\w, a petal), L., oxypetalous : 
 an epithet, in Botany, specifically designa- 
 tive of plants, which, as Sedum oxypetalum, 
 
 OZE 
 
 have linear and acuminated 'petals. OXY- 
 PHYLLE, adj., oi-uipuXXo,-, scharfblattrig, 
 oxyphyllous : of plants, which, as Lor- 
 anthus oxyphyllus, have acuminated leaves. 
 
 OXYPHONIE, s. f., fi oZmpuvta, oxypho- 
 nia,f. L. : a term literally signifying a shrill 
 voice, einehelle Stimme,G.; but employ- 
 ed, in Pathology, to designate the unnatu- 
 ral shrillness symptomatic of inflammation, 
 or spasm, of the larynx. 'O%u$iavof, adj. : 
 having a shrill voice. 
 
 OXYREGMIE, S. f., n ofypypiu, OXV- 
 
 regmia,f. L... oxyregmy : acid eructation, 
 -das saureAufstossen,G., acommon symp- 
 tom of dyspepsia and chronic gastritis. 
 
 OXYSACCHARUM, s. m., n. L.., der 
 Sauerzucker, G. : a combination of vine- 
 gar, TO o|<js, with sugar, TO <rax^av, 
 eine Verbindung von Essig und Zucker, G. 
 
 OXYURE, adj., oxyurus (o&s, sharp, nl- 
 ga, a tail), L., scharfschwanzig, G. ?, 
 sharp-tailed : an epithet designative, in Zo- 
 ology, of animals which, as Hirundo oxyura, 
 are distinguished, from their congeners, by 
 a pointed tail, acuta cauda, L. OXYURE, 
 s. m. : a genus, in Helminthology, Oxyuris, 
 L., the 4th of Order, Nematoidea, of Ru- 
 dolphi, see Entozoorum Synopsis, pag. 18 ; 
 principally characterized by the pointed 
 tail. One species only, O. vermicularis, of 
 Bremser, still ranked as an Ascaris. see 
 ASCARIDE, by Rudolphi, "habitat in Ho- 
 minis intestinis crassis, prsesertim recto." 
 
 OZENE, s. m., YI a^a/vo, ozaena, f. I>. : 
 ulceration of the membrane of the nasal 
 fossae, das stinkende Nasengeschwiir,G.; 
 producing fetidity of the air expired by the 
 nostrils. Lafosse, Guide duMarechal, 8vo. 
 Paris, 1822, regards,as identical with this 
 affection, the glanders, la Morve, F., of 
 the horse. 'oZ,a.u>uc,os, adj., ozaenicus, L. : 
 connected with, or suffering from, ozasna, 
 die Ozene, G. 
 
 P. 
 
 PAC 
 
 PACHYBLEPHAROSE,s.f., pachyblepha- 
 rosis, f. (vaxus, thick, jSXs^a^ av, the eye-lid), 
 L.., -die Augenliederschwiele, Verdichtuny 
 Ae* Augenlieaer,\*es. an den Randern,durch 
 Auftreibung der M eibom'schen Driisen, 
 thickening of the eye-lids, especially on the 
 margins, from obstruction or the Meibomi- 
 an glands. 
 
 PACHYCHOi.iE,s.f., pachycholia, f. (?ra- 
 %u;, thick, %ol)i, bile), 1^., die Pachycho- 
 lie, G. : disease, consequent on thickening 
 of the bile. PACHYCHYMIE, s. f., pachy- 
 chymia, f. (^at^t/^^oy, having thick juice), 
 L. : morbid thickening of the animal fluids. 
 
 PACHYDERME, adj., ira^uSs^aj, pa- 
 chydermus, L., dickhautig. G., thick- 
 skinned. PACHYDERMES, s. m., pi, Pa- 
 
 418 
 
 PAI 
 
 chyderma,ve\ Pachydermata, L., die Dick- 
 hauter, G.: in Zoology, the 7th Order of 
 Class Mammifera, of Cuvier; comprehend- 
 ing the thick-skinned animals. Distributed 
 into three Sub-orders, les Proboscidiens, Or- 
 dinaires, and Solipedes, which respectively 
 include the Elephant, Hippopotamus and 
 Hog, and Horse and Ass genera, it nearly 
 corresponds with the Bruta, and Belluce, of 
 Linnaeus; and Multungula,and Solidungula, 
 of Blumenbach. 
 
 PAILLE, s. m., ro KK^O;, stramen, n. 
 L., das Stroh.G., straw: the dried stem 
 of the Graminea, and, more especially, of 
 the cereal or corn-plants. PAILLE, adj. : 
 consistingofs<raw;,straw-like, xx^fonlris, 
 stramineus,L. : straw-coloured, strohfar-
 
 PAL 
 
 ben, G.; as, in Conchology, Mactra strami- 
 nea. A s/ratr-matrass, eineS/roAmatratze. 
 
 PAILLETTE, s. f., palea, f. L., Spreu, 
 f., Spreublattchen, n. G. : in Botany, the 
 minute scale which, in divers of the Synge- 
 nesious plants, as Anthemis arvensis, is in- 
 termingled with the flowers ; also, each of 
 the pieces which, in the Gramineae, consti- 
 tute the envelope of the sexual organs. 
 
 PAIN, s. m., panis, m. L.., a KOTOS, 
 das Brod,G., bread : the ordinary food of 
 civilized man. .Bread-crumb, see ME- 
 DULLE : crust, die Brodrinde, G. Un- 
 leavened bread, ungesauertes Brod, see 
 AZYME. Painde coucou, see ALLELUIA. 
 de singe, see BAOBAB. 
 
 PALEOXTOGRAPHIE, s. f., palseonto- 
 graphia, f. (vrxXaio;, ancient, >>, a being, 
 yj^,to describe),L., die Paleontogra- 
 phie, Beschreibung und Abbildung der fos- 
 silen Ueberreste der Vorwelt, G., the de- 
 scription, and iconographical illustration, of 
 the fossil remains of a former world. PA- 
 
 LEOXTOGRAPHIQUE, adj., palsEontogra- 
 
 phicus, L., paleontographical : pertaining 
 to Paleontography, die Paleontographie, 
 G. PALEOXTOLOGiE,s.f, pakeontologia, 
 f.(vra*.uios, at, and Aoy;,a discourse),!;.: 
 a Treatise on such/oss;7 relics, see Parkin- 
 son's Organic Remains of a Former World, 3 
 vols. 4to. London, 1833. PALEOXTOLO- 
 GIQUE, adj., palaeontologicus, L., pale- 
 ontological : pertaining to Paleontology, 
 die Paleontologie, G. 
 
 PALEOPHYTOLOGIE, s. f., palseophyto- 
 logia, f. (*aX/<jf, ancient, QUTOV, a plant, 
 Xoya;, a discourse), L., -die Lehre von den 
 fossilen Ueberesten der Pflanzen der Vor- 
 welt, G., a Treatise on the fossil remains 
 of the plants , as PALEOZOOLOGIE, s. f., 
 palaeozoologia, f. L., see ZOOLOGIE, of 
 those of the animals, of a former world. 
 See the great works of Brongniart, and of 
 Cuvier, on fossil plants, and bones. 
 
 PALAIS, s. m., palatum, n. L., u^i- 
 yaa., der Gaumen, G., palate : in Ana- 
 tomy, and Zoology, the superior part of 
 the cavity of the mouth of the Mammifera ; 
 the buccal surface of the upper mandible 
 of Birds; and an almost membranous pro- 
 minence situated in the interior of the 
 mouth of the larvae of the Llbellults, and of 
 perfect Insects : in Botany, the external 
 prominence of the throat of the personate 
 corolla ; as seen in Antirrhinum majus. 
 
 PALATIX, adj., palatinus, L., pala- 
 tine : pertaining to, or connected with, the 
 palate, see PALAIS ; as, 1. the two facial 
 bones, Os palatins, ou os du palais, ossa 
 palati, L-, die Gau/wewbeine, G., which, 
 united to each other, to the sphenoid, eth- 
 moid, vomer, inferior spongy, and superi- 
 or maxillary bones, constitute, with the lat- 
 ter, 2. a fossa, or cavity, VOUTE, termed 
 the vault of the palate, Fosse palatine, 
 
 419 
 
 PAL 
 
 and lined with,3.a fibre-mucous membrane, 
 M. palatine, membrana palati , L , die 
 Schleimhaut des Gaumens, G. : 4. Canals, or 
 Passages, Canaux ou Conduits palatins, 
 die Gawmengange, oder -locher ; the anleri- 
 orofwhich, situated between the maxillary 
 bones, opens, by a double orifice, into the 
 nasal fossae ; and the two posterior, formed 
 by the maxillary and palate-bones, trans- 
 mit of, 5. the palatine Arteries, Arteres pa- 
 latines, a. the superior or descending pair, 
 die absteigenden Gflwmenschlagadern.G., 
 supplied by the internal maxillary,and so 
 termed to distinguish them from, b. the in- 
 ferior, or ascending, die aufsteigenden, 
 branches of the facial : and, 6. the palatine 
 Nerves, Nerfs palatins ( gutturo-pala- 
 tins, Ch.), nervi palatini, L., die Gaumen- 
 nerven, G., distinguished into the great, 
 middle, and lesser ; all furnished by the 
 spheno-palatine ganglion. 
 
 PALATO-LABIAL, adj., palato-labialis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to 
 the external maxillary or facial artery, die 
 GaM>elippenschlagader,G.? as distribut- 
 ing its branches on the palate and lips. PA- 
 LATO-PHARYXGIEX,S. m., and adj., pala- 
 to-pharyngeus, L. : the name of a membra- 
 niform muscle, M. palato-pharyngien, ou 
 phari/ngo-staphylin (portion du Stylo-pha- 
 ryngien, Ch.), der Schlundkopf^aMWf/t- 
 muskel, G. : situated, vertically, in the la- 
 teral paries of the pharynx, and the velum 
 palati ; and forming the posterior column 
 of the fauces. It has been, by Winslow, 
 distinguished, from its attachments, into 
 three portions : a superior, see PERISTA- 
 
 PHYLO-PHARYXGIEX;aUMfe, PHARVX- 
 
 GO-STAPHYLIX ; and an inferior, THYRO- 
 STAPHYLIX. 
 
 PALATO-SALPIXGIEX, s. m., and adj., 
 palato-salpingeus, L.: a term applied, by 
 Valsalva, to a palatine muscle, M. PERI- 
 STAPHYLIX externe, of French anatomists. 
 
 PALATO-STAPHYLIX, s. m., and adj. : the 
 name of a muscle, Palato-staphi/linus, vel 
 Azygos uvulae,!*, der Xapfenmuskel, G.; 
 which, attached to the posterior nasal or pa- 
 latine spine, and the aponeurosis of Circum- 
 flexus palati muscle, descends, vertically, 
 to the summit, or apex, of the uvula. 
 
 PALEACE, adj., paleaceus, L.,_ spreu- 
 artig, spreutragend, G., chaffy, clothed 
 with chaff": an epithet designative,in Bota- 
 ny, of plants, or the organs of plants, which, 
 as the dry membranous bractea, ,Bracfees 
 paleace.es, i\, of a species of Pulten&a, 
 hence designated P. paleacea, and the pa- 
 leaceous receptacle of Anthemls, exhibit a 
 chaff-like character. 
 
 PALES-COULEURS, s. f., pi. : a popular 
 synonym of CHLOROSE. 
 
 PALETTE, s. f. : a term employed in di- 
 vers significations, by theFrench surgeons; 
 as, 1. to designate, in popular language, the 
 
 2E2
 
 PAL 
 
 enslform cartilage, patella, and scapula : 2. a 
 long-handled instrument, ferula, f. L., of 
 light wood ; employed in the operation of 
 shampooing, see MASSAGE : 3. a splint, 
 P. apansement, of the figureof the human 
 hand, destined to sustain that member, and 
 separate the fingers, in cases of wound, or 
 burn : 4. a shallow vessel, Poelette, ou Poi- 
 tette; catillus, excipulus, m., patella, scu- 
 tella, f. L., ordinarily made of silver, to 
 receive the blood drawn invenesection,and 
 containing four ounces : and, 5. an instru- 
 ment, P.deCabanis, formed for grasping 
 the lower extremity of the style when 
 passed into the nostril, in the operation for 
 fistula lacrymalis. 
 
 PALLADIUM, s. m., n. L., das Neusil- 
 ber, G. : a solid, white, malleable, and duc- 
 tile metal ; discovered, by Woollaston, in 
 the ore of platina. 
 
 PALLIATION, s. f.,F., and E., palliatio, 
 f. L.: the act of mitigating the symptoms 
 of a disease, or sufferings of the patient, by 
 the employment of remedies, Rcmedes 
 palliatifs, F., die Palliative, G., of a palli- 
 ative nature. 
 
 PALMAiRE,adj., palmar: an epithetap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, toparts.or organs, which 
 constitute, belong to, or are connected with, 
 the palm of the hand, Paume de la main, 
 palma,vel vola.f.L., die Hohlhand,G.: 
 as, 1 . the palmar Regions, Reg. palmaires, 
 regionesjoa/moreSjL.; distinguished into, 
 a. the external, R. palm, exlcrne, which 
 corresponds with the thenar eminence ; b. 
 internal, interne, formed by thehypothe- 
 nar ; and, c. the middle, or hollow of the 
 hand, le Cretue de la main, pars interior 
 manus, r ^aTXov T?; #'gaj, -die flache 
 Hand, G. : 2. a triangular Fascia, Apone- 
 vrose palmaire, F. palmaris ; which, origi- 
 nating from the tendon of Palmaris longus 
 muscle, and anterior annular ligament of 
 the wrist, das Hohlhandba.nA,G., covers, 
 and adheres closely to the integuments of, 
 the palm: 3. numerous small ligaments, 
 L. palmaires, which connect the various 
 bones of the carpus and metacarpus : 4. 
 Muscles, M. palmaires, three in num- 
 ber; a.le Muscle grand pa Imaire ( EFITRO- 
 CHLo-METACARPiEtf, Ch.), Flexor carpi 
 radialis, seeRADiAL;b. petilpalm.( epi- 
 trochlo-palmaire), Palmarislongus, lan- 
 ger Hohlhandmuskel, G., extending from 
 internal tuberosity of the humerus, to the 
 anterior annular ligament of wrist and pal- 
 mar aponeurosis ; and, c.-palmaire cutane, 
 Palmaris brevis, kurzer Hohlhandm., 
 from annular ligament, to integuments of 
 the palm: 5. vascular Arches, Arcades, ou 
 Crosses, palmaires, of which there are, a. 
 the superficial, or ulnar, Arc. super ficielle, 
 ou cubitale (grande Arc. palmaire, Ch.), F., 
 arcus/?a/iarts volaris superficialisvel 
 ulnaris, L., oberHachlicher Hohlhandbo- 
 
 420 
 
 PAL 
 
 gen, G., formed by the arched extremity 
 of the ulnar ; and, b. the deep-seated or 
 radial, profondeou radiale (petite Arc. pal- 
 maire), arc. palmaris, volaris, profun- 
 dus vel radialis, tiefer Hohlhandbogen, 
 by that of the radial artery. 
 
 PALME, adj., palmatus, L., gefingert, 
 handformigjG. : an epithet designative, in 
 Zoology,and Botany, of animals and plants 
 whose parts, or organs, exhibit the digitat- 
 ed character of the human hand ; as the 
 horn ofAntilope palmata ; iheleaf Feuille 
 palmee, of Cocculus palmatus, and root of 
 Satyrium nigrum. The webbed feet of di- 
 vers Birds and Reptiles.as those of the 2Va- 
 tatores, see PALMIPEDES, and of Triton 
 palmatus, are, also, termed palmate Pieds 
 palmes, die Schwimmfiisse, G.: and one 
 species of Noctua, among Insects, specifi- 
 cally designated palmata ; as exhibiting a 
 palmated spot on the upper wing. PALMI- 
 rOLifc,adj.: tearingpalmatedleaves, palma- 
 ta folia, L.; as, in Botany, Dendrobium pal- 
 matum. PALMiFORME,adj., palmiformis, 
 L,., palmiform : synon. with PALM&. 
 
 PALMIERS, s. m., pi., PalmeB,f.li., die 
 Palmen.G.: in Botany, a Family of mono- 
 cotyledonous, apetalous plants, with peri- 
 gynous stamens. The Palms inhabit, prin- 
 cipally, the inter-tropical regions ; and are 
 remarkable for the great altitude which 
 theyattain. The French genera, AREC,CO- 
 COTIER, DATTIER, et SAGOU TIER, includ- 
 ing divers valuable plants, belong to this 
 Family. 
 
 PALMIPEDE, adj., palmipes, L., 
 
 schwimmfiissig, G., palm-footed. PAL- 
 MIPEDES, s.m.,pL, Palmipedes, L.: aterm 
 applied, in Ornithology, by Cuvier, to an 
 Order of the Class, A ves, the Anseres, of 
 Linnaeus and Gmelin, and Natatores, of 
 modern Zoologists ; comprehending those 
 
 birds, die Schwimmvb'gel, G., which 
 
 have palmated feet, from connection of the 
 toesby a natatory or swimming-membrane, 
 die Schwimmhaut, G. 
 
 PALMI-PHALANGIEN, adj., palmi-pha- 
 langianus, L. : an epithet, in Anatomy, ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to the Lumbrici manus 
 muscles; as extending from the palmar por- 
 tion of the tendons o? Flexor profundus di- 
 ffilorum, to the first phalanges of the last 
 four fingers. 
 
 PALPEBRAL, adj., palpebralis, L., zu 
 den Augenliedern gehorig, G., palpebral, 
 belonging to the eye-lids, palpebrtej'.L,,, 
 seePAUPiERE: an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, 1. to the orbicular muscle of the eye- 
 lids, M. palpebral, ou ORBICULAIRE des 
 paupieres, Orbicularis palpcbrarum, der 
 King- oder Schliessmuskel der Augenlieder, 
 G. : 2. to Arteries, Arteres palpebrales, 
 distinguished into a superior and inferior, 
 arteria palpebralis sup. et inf., L., die o- 
 bere und die
 
 PAN 
 
 G., branches of the ophthalmic, respect- 
 ively distributed on the superior and infe- 
 rior eye-lids; and Veins, V. palpebralcs, 
 ordinarily exhibiting a similar disposition, 
 but sometimes terminating in the tempo- 
 ral and labial : 3. Nerves, Nerfs palpe- 
 braux, die Augenliednerven ,G. , ot'which 
 there are, also, a superior, and inferior) o- 
 berer und unterer, supplied by the oph- 
 thalmic, facial, nasal, and superior maxil- 
 lary: 4. Ligaments, L. palpebraux, die 
 Augenliedb&nder, fibrous bodies attached, 
 on one hand, to the external part of the 
 circumference of the orbit ; on the other, 
 to the tarsal cartilages, AieAuyenliedknor- 
 peln: and, 5. the follicular organs, Folli- 
 cules palpcbraux, ou ciliaires, more com- 
 monly known as the Meibomian glands, 
 MaibomischeDrusen,G. In Pathology, the 
 puriform discharge from the eye-lids, Flux 
 palpebral pur i forme, regarded, by Scarpa, 
 as a frequent cause of fistula lacrymalis. 
 
 PALPE, s. m., palpus, m., antennula,f. 
 L., die kleine Antenne, Bartspitze, G., 
 antennule. The palpi, or antcnnulae, are, 
 in Entomology, mobile and articulated or- 
 gans, resembling, in structure, but smaller 
 than, the antennae, see ANTENNE ; situ- 
 ated on each side of the mouth of Insects; 
 and varying, in number, from one to three 
 pairs, in different genera. Two pairs of 
 these, when three exist, are attached to the 
 maxilla, and hence termed maxillary, see 
 MAXILLAIRE ; and one to the lower lip, 
 see LABIAL. By some Entomologists, they 
 have been regarded as instruments of touch, 
 and,consequently,named/<?fers, dieFuhl- 
 spitzen,G. : byothers,as organs of the gus- 
 tatory sense, tasters, die Fressspitzen ; 
 orof smell, Geruchspitzen ? At present, 
 their precise function, like that of the an- 
 tennae, is unknown. 
 
 PALPITATION, s. , F., and E. : inordi- 
 nate action of the central organ of the cir- 
 culating system. Palpitation of the heart, 
 P. du cceur, palpitatio cordis, L., das 
 Herzklopfen,G,, is frequently symptoma- 
 tic of lesion of the organ itself. It may,al- 
 so.result from sympathy with a neighbour- 
 ing or remote viscus, as the stomach, or co- 
 lon ; or from a disturbed or morbid condi- 
 tion of the cerebro-spinal apparatus. 
 
 PAJIPINIFORME, adj., pampiniformis, 
 resembling the tendril of the vine, pam- 
 pinus, m. L. : an epithet applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to a net-work,- das traubenjormige 
 Geflecht, G., of the spermatic vessels, 
 see CORPS. 
 
 PANACfcE, S. f., w #a,v.xua. (wo,;, all, a- 
 
 xiopa,!, to cure), panacea, f. L., das Pa. 
 nacee, die allgemeine Heilmittel, G,, an 
 universal remedy. 
 
 PANAIRE, adj., panaris, L, panary: 
 pertaining to bread, panis,TL,., see PAIN; 
 as the fermentation, F. panaire, fermen- 
 
 421 
 
 tatio panifica, L., die Z?/w/gahrung,G., . 
 which takes place during the preparation 
 of that compound. 
 
 PANAIS, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Pas- 
 tinaca (Pentandria, digynia; Umbellifertej, 
 L., der&die Pastinax,G., the Parsnep. 
 The fleshy and fusiform roots of the com- 
 mon species, Pan.cultive, P. saliva, die 
 Pastinake, G.,, are edible ; and from the 
 root of another,_die Opopanax-Pastinake, 
 see OPOPANAX, a medicinal gum-resin is 
 extracted. 
 
 PANARIS, s. m., panaris, f., panaritium, 
 
 n., paronychia, f. L., h faoam^a., <xa,ya- 
 
 w%is, das Nagelgeschwur, G., whitlow t 
 phlegmonous inflammation ofthedensecel- 
 lular tissue which enters into the compo- 
 sition of the fingers. 
 
 PANCHYMAGOGUE, adj., panchymago- 
 gus((Tj, all, x,vpos, juice, &<yu,tQ expel), 
 L. : an epithet applied, by the ancients, to 
 purgative medicines, remedia panchyma- 
 goga, L., which had the supposed effect 
 of evacuating all the humours. 
 
 PANCREAS, s. m., n. L., ro rd'yxgeas, 
 das Pankreas, die Bauchspeichel- oder 
 Gekrosdriise, G.: in Anthropotomy, an or- 
 gan, resembling, in structure, the salivary 
 glands; and deeply situated in tbeabdomi. 
 nal cavity, between the three curvatures 
 of theduodenum,to the rightof the spleen. 
 Its left, or splenic, extremity is sometimes 
 termed the tail, cauda pancreatis,l*. The 
 duodenal, or head, caput, almost invari- 
 ably exhibits a prolongation designated, by 
 Winslow, the little pancreas,' P. fAselli, ou 
 petit. Its secreted fluid, see PANCHfeA- 
 TIQUE, is conveyed, by an excretory duct, 
 which opens with, or near, the cysto-hepa- 
 tic, into the duodenum. 
 
 PANCREATALGIE, s. f., pancreatalgia, f. 
 (*ay*aj, aXya;, pain), L., die Gekros- 
 driisenschmerz, G., pain of the pancreas. 
 PANCREATELCOSE, s. f., pancreathelcosis, 
 f. (same, and 'txxuins, ulceration), L., die 
 Verschw'drung,G., ulceration : PANCRE. 
 ATE>IPHRAXIS,S. f. (same, and i^^is, ob- 
 struction), F., et L.., die Verstopfung (der 
 Gefasse), obstruction (of the vessels) o 
 the abdominal salivary gland, or Pancreas. 
 
 PANCREATICO-DUODENAL, adj. : an epi- 
 thet applied to blood-vessels, arteriae et ve- 
 nae pancreatico-duodenalcs,ii.t which, us the 
 superior duodenal artery, obere Zwolf. 
 fingerdarmschlagader, G., are distribut- 
 ed on the pancreas and duodenum. 
 
 PANCREATIQUE, adj., pancreaticus, L., 
 pankreatisch,G., pancreatic, pertaining 
 to the pancreas : an epithet, in Anatomy, 
 applied, 1. to certain Blood-vessels, Fat's. 
 seaux pancreatiques,, die Bauch- oder Ma- 
 genspeicheldriisengefasse, G., distributed 
 on that organ. Of these, the arteries, ar- 
 teriae pancrealicte, L., are supplied by the 
 splenic, cosliac, superior mesenteric, right
 
 PAN 
 
 gastro-epiploic, and coronary stomachic ; 
 and the veins, Veines pancreatiques, re- 
 turn their blood into the splenic and less- 
 er mesenteric. 2. Nerves, Nerfspancrea- 
 tiques, emanating from the solar plexus. 
 3. & Fluid, Site pancreatique, succuspan- 
 creaticus, L., pankreatischer Saft, od. der 
 Bauchspeichel, G., secreted by the pan- 
 creas, and poured by, 4. a duct, CANAL 
 pancreatique, into the duodenum. 
 
 PANCREATITE, s. f., pancreatitis, f. L., 
 dieGekrosdrusenentziindung,f.G., in- 
 flammation of the pancreas : & pathological 
 condition, of which the characteristic phe- 
 nomena are yet unknown. PANCREATOX- 
 CIE, s. f., pancreatoncus, m. (^a.yx.^ia,;, 
 oyxos, a swelling), L., tumour of : PAN- 
 CREATORRHAGIE, s. f., pancreatorrhagia, 
 f. (same, and foyvupi, to burst forth), L., 
 der JBluffluss aus dem Pankrcasrhfsmor- 
 rhage from the pancreas. 
 
 PANDEMIC, s.f., pandemia, f. L.. : a dis- 
 ease, j vao-of sravS^/a, which, as certain 
 endemic or epidemic affections, attacks the 
 whole population, jravbrtfiia., of a coun- 
 try. ruS;f<jaj, adj.: common to a whole 
 people; as a pandemic malady, Maladie 
 pandemique, morbu s pandemicus,L>., eine 
 allgemeine Volkskrankheit, G. : synonym. 
 
 With PANDEMIE. 
 
 PANDICULATION, s. f., pandiculatio, f. 
 L., das Dehnen, Gliederstrecken, G., 
 extension of the limbs in yawning : an in- 
 voluntary action, frequently observed be- 
 fore and after sleep ; a common precursor 
 of febrile attacks, and of the paroxysm of 
 hysteria and other nervous diseases. 
 
 PANDITRE, adj.: synon. with PANDTJRI- 
 FORME,adj., panduriformis, L., geigen- 
 formig, G., panduriform : an epithet de- 
 signative, in Botany, of plants, whose or- 
 gans, as the leaf of Convolvulus panduratus, 
 and Hibiscus pandurteformis, exhibit the fi- 
 gure of a. fiddle or violin, pandura, f. L., 
 Geige, f. G. : PANDURIFOLIE, adj., of 
 plants, which, as Jatropha panduraefolia, are 
 clothed with fiddle-shaped leaves, -pandurce- 
 Jormibus foliis teguntur, L. 
 
 PANIC, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Pani- 
 cum ( Triandria, digynia ; Graminece),^., 
 das Panikgras, Hirsegras, G., the Panic- 
 Grass. The seeds of one species, the mil- 
 let, P. miliaceum,6\er Hirsen, G., are 
 largely consumed, as an article of human 
 sustenance, on the continent; as, also, those 
 of another nearly-allied plant, le Millet 
 des Oiseaux, P. italicum, das gemeine 
 Panikgras, of French and German ; and 
 Setaria italica, of British Botanists. 
 
 PANicAUT,s.m.: a genus, in Botany, E- 
 ryngium (Pentandria,diaynia; UmbellifercB), 
 L,., die Mannstreu, G., Eryngo. The 
 root of the common European species, le 
 Chardon Roland, F., E. campestre, die 
 Krausdistel oder Yel&mannstreu, G., one 
 
 422 
 
 PAP 
 
 of the five lesser aperitive roots, is reput- 
 ed diuretic and emmenagogue ; that of an A- 
 merican species, P. fetide, E.fcetidum, 
 die stinkende Mannst., antispasmodic and 
 diaphoretic; and the root of a third, the sea- 
 holly, E. maritimum, die Seemannstreu, 
 powerfully aphrodisiac. 
 
 PANICULE, s. f., panieula, f. L., die 
 Rispe, G., panicle: in Botany, a peculiar 
 mode of inflorescence ; as exhibited in the 
 genera Bromus, Poa,and others of theGra- 
 minece, see Lindley's Introduction to Bota- 
 ny, p. iii. PANICULE, adj., rispenartig, 
 -bluthig,-f6rmig,G., panicled: an epithet 
 generally, or specifically, designative of 
 plants \vhosejlowers, as those otCeanothus 
 paniculatus, are disposed in panicles. 
 
 PANSE, s. f., Herbicr, xai>.!a p,tya,).n, 
 rumen, n., ingluvies, f., magnus venter,L., 
 der Pansen, Wanst, G., the paunch : in 
 Comparative Anatomy, the first stomach 
 of ruminating animals, der erste Magen 
 derwiederkauenden Thiere, G., seeAso- 
 MASUM, et BONNET. 
 
 PANSEMENT, s.m., der Verband,G., 
 dressing : the methodical application of a 
 bandage, splint, or topical remedy, to a dis- 
 eased or wounded part. 
 
 PANTAGOGUE, adj., pantagogus (*?, 
 all, ciyia, to expel), L., all-expellent : an 
 epithet, in Therapeutics,nearly synon. with 
 PANCHYMAGOGUE. 
 
 PANTOPHAGE, adj., pantophagus (*%;, 
 all, <p,y&>,to eat),L., pantophagous : a sy- 
 nonym, from the Greek,of the Latin, omnivo- 
 rus, seeO>iNivoRE. PANTOPHAGIE,S. f., 
 F., andG., ft -ravraipay/a, pantophagia,f. 
 L. : indiscriminate use of all kinds of food. 
 
 PAPAvfcRACEES, s. f., pL, Papavemccee, 
 L., die Mohnfamilie,G. : in Botany,a Fa- 
 mily of dicotyledonous polypetalous plants, 
 with hypogynous stamens ; having, for its 
 type, the genus, Papaver. See PAVOT. 
 
 PAPAVEHINE, s. f., papaverina, f. L., 
 der OpiumstoffjG.: a term applied, by some 
 Chemists, toNARcoxiNE; as obtained from 
 the poppy, Papaver, L. PAPAVERIQUE, 
 adj., papavericus, L. : a synonym of ME- 
 CONIQUE ; sometimes applied to theacirf, 
 die Opium-, Mohnsaure,G., of that name. 
 
 PAPILIONACE, adj., schmetterlingsart- 
 ig,-formig,G., papilionaceous: an epithet 
 employed, in Natural History, to general- 
 ly, or specifically, designate objects which, 
 as the corolla, c. papilionacea,lL., Schmet- 
 ter/m/7*blumenkrone, G., of a Section, or 
 Sub-family, of the Leguminosce, see PA- 
 PILIONACEES, and certain species of Or- 
 chis and Pelargonium, O. papilionacea, et 
 P. pajnlionaceum, among plants ; and the 
 testaceous envelope, Venus papilionacea, 
 of a Molluscum, among the Conchifera, ex- 
 hibit a real or imaginary resemblance to a 
 butterfly, papilio, L., der Schmetterling, 
 G., with the wings extended.
 
 PAR 
 
 PAPILIONACEES, s. f.,pl., Papilionacece, 
 L.: in Botany, a term applied, by Tourne- 
 fbrt, to a Class of Plants, the Tenth, of his 
 System : by Linnseus, to a Sub-family, 
 and, by later Botanists, to a Section of the 
 Family, of the Legum'mosas ; comprehend- 
 ing plants, schmetterlingsartige Pflanzen, 
 G., which possess & papilionaceous corolla. 
 
 PAPILIONIDES, s. m., pi., Papilionida, 
 L., die Schmetterlinge, G.: in Entomo- 
 logy, a Family, or rather Sub-order,of the 
 Order, Lepidoptera, of Class, Insecta ; hav- 
 ing, for type, the genus, Papilio. 
 
 PAPILLAIRE, adj., papillaris,L., war- 
 zenformig, G., papillary; pertaining to, 
 or consisting of, papilla, see PAPILLE; as 
 the pajtillary extremities, or processes, of 
 the olfactory nerves, die zitzenformiaen 
 Enden der Geruchnerven, G. The sphe- 
 noid bone is, also, termed, by some Anato- 
 mists, os papillare, L.; and the areola of 
 the human nipple, ar. paplllaris. 
 
 PAPILLE, s.f., papilla, f. L. : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, 1. to an appendage of 
 the mammary gland, see MAMELON : 2. 
 to small eminences, die Nerven- od. Haut- 
 w'drzchen,G., which project from the sur- 
 faces of the mucous membranes. The pa- 
 pilla of the tongue, die Zungenw'drzchen, 
 oder Geschmackskorner, G., are distin- 
 guished into, a. the Lenticular, see LEN- 
 TICULAIRE ; b. the fungiform? see FONGI- 
 FORME ; and, c. the conical, Papilles co- 
 niques, the more delicate of which are 
 termed filiform, see FILIFOHME. In Bo- 
 tany, the minute puncta, kleine warzen- 
 ahnliche Punctchen, upon the surface of a 
 leaf, as that of Echium vulgare ; the vesi- 
 cles on the leaves and twigs, die Bl'dschen 
 auf den Blat tern und Zweigen, ofMesem- 
 bryanthemum crystallinum : and the conical 
 eminences discovered, by the microscope, 
 in the grain of the pollen of divers plants. 
 
 PAPILLE, adj., papillatus, L., warzig, 
 mit Wdrzchen besetzt,G., papillated, be- 
 sprinkled with papillae; as, in Entomolo- 
 gy, the wing of the Hercules-beetle : in Bo- 
 tany, the stigma of the Lactuceos, and the 
 pileits of Agariciis papillatus. PAPILLEUX, 
 adj ., papillosus,L., papillose : synonym, 
 with the preceding. 
 
 PAPULE, s. f., papula, f. L., Blatter- 
 chen, n. G. : in Pathology, a small acumi- 
 nated elevation of the cuticle, with, according 
 toAVillan, an inflamed base; containing no 
 fluid, and terminating by desquamation. 
 The Papulae, in his Arrangement, consti- 
 tute the First Order of Cutaneous Dis- 
 eases ; and comprehend the genera, Stro- 
 phulus, Lichen, and Prurigo. PAPULEUX, 
 adj., papulosus,L., papular : exhibiting 
 the character of, or affected with, papulae. 
 
 PARACENTERioN,s.m., paracenterium, 
 n.L.: in Operative Surgery, the name of a 
 small trochar employed, by Nock, for punc- 
 
 423 
 
 PAR 
 
 ture of the eye, in cases of dropsy of that 
 organ ; also, the instrument, TO vagaxtvrr,- 
 giov, used in the operation of couching. 
 
 PARACENTESE, s. f.,_ a-agaxsvTjfa-/;, 
 paracentesis, f. L. : in Operative Surgery, 
 the act of puncturing the abdomen or tho- 
 rax, for removal of the effused serum, in 
 dropsy of these cavities. The operation, 
 when performed on ihejirst, is termed Pa- 
 racentesis abdominis, L.,-~der Bauchsfr'eA, 
 G. ; on the latter, P. thorads, der Brust- 
 stii-h. Hagaxtvrnrv; -. one by whom ; A- 
 cus paracenteticus, L. : the instrument, 
 see TROIS-QUARTS, with which the o- 
 peration of paracentesis is performed. 
 
 PARACOROLLE, s. f., paracorolla, f. L., 
 die Nebenblumenkrone, G. : in Botany, 
 the corolliform organ situated within the 
 true corolla, or perigone, of certain plants, 
 as the Narcissi. It is the nectary, of some 
 Botanists, and the crown, COURONNE, of 
 Ruellius, and Salisbury. 
 
 PARACOUSIE, PARACUSE, s. f., paracu- 
 sis, f. (vagaxouM, to hear imperfectly), L., 
 das Falschhoren, G., confused percep- 
 tion of sounds : according to Kraus, noise 
 and ringing in the ears, das Brausen und 
 Klingen in den Ohren, G. 
 
 PARACYESIE, s. f., paracyesis, f. (**, 
 beside, *iW/j, pregnancy), L., die Para- 
 kyesis, die Schwangerschaft ausserhalo der 
 Gebarmutter,G., extra-uterinepregnancy. 
 
 PARACVNANCIE, s. f., paracynanche, f. 
 L: a slight form of angina, ein gelinder 
 Grad von Angina ; inflammation of the la- 
 teral regions of the throat, die Entziind- 
 ung der Seitentheile des Rachens, G. 
 
 PARAGEUSIE, s. f., parageusia, vel pa- 
 rageusis, f. L. : perversion of the sense of 
 taste, die Verstimmung des Gesckmacks o- 
 der des ScAmec&vermogens, G. 
 
 PARAGLOSSE, s. f., paraglossa, f. L., 
 der Zungenvorfall, G., swelling, or pro- 
 trusion, of the tongue. The tumefied organ 
 is sometimes so much altered in figure as 
 to induce the belief of its retroversion in- 
 to the pharynx ; and constitutes, under 
 these circumstances, the Paraglosse deghtti- 
 toire, of Sauvages ; and die Ruckbiegung 
 der Zunge,of German pathological writers. 
 
 PARALAMPSIS, s. f. F., et L, n <xa.pa.- 
 i.ap.-^is: a variety of albugo; forming a lu- 
 cid pearl-like speck on the cornea, ein perl- 
 mutterartig Fleck auf der Hornhaut, G. 
 
 PARALYSIE, s. f., n tragaXt/s-/?, paraly- 
 sis, f. L., die Lahmung, Paralyse, G., 
 palsy : in Pathology, abolition, or marked 
 diminution, of muscular contractility, or of 
 sensation, of one or more parts of the ani- 
 mal body ; ordinarily symptomatic of le- 
 sion of the brain, spinal marrow, or nerves 
 emanating from them. Paralysis may be 
 partial or general. When restricted to one 
 side of the body, it is termed Hemiplegia, 
 see HEMIP'LEGIE; when to the lower re-
 
 PAR 
 
 gions, Paraplegia, PARAPLEGIE, PARA- 
 LYSE, adj., gelahmt, G. : stricken, as a 
 paralyzed limb, Membre paralyse, with 
 paralysis. PARALYTIQUE, adj., paraly- 
 tisch, lahmend, G., paralytic: an epithet 
 substantively employed to designate an in- 
 dividual, i VK^VTIXOS, der Gelahmte, 
 G., who suffers from paralysis. 
 
 PARANOIE, s. f, sragava/a, paranoea, 
 f. L., der Wahnsinn, G., insanity. 
 
 PARApETALE,s.m., parapetalum,n. L., 
 das Nebenkronenblatt, G.: a term, in 
 Botany, applied, by Mcench, to certain ap- 
 pendages of the petals of plants, as the fila-> 
 ments of the corolla of Menyanthes ; by 
 Link, to the petaliform organs situated in 
 an interior range, as seen in the Ranuncv- 
 lacece. Linnaeus has referred the parapetal 
 to the nectaries. 
 
 PAHAPHIMOSIS, s. m., f. L., fi vaga<pl- 
 ftairis: strangulation of the glans penis, 
 * Hyx.'* SaXavov, by contracted prepuce. 
 
 PAHAPHONIE, s. f., f> ira.pa.Qavia., para- 
 phonia, f. L., die fehlerhaite Stimme,G., 
 indistinct articulation of sounds. 
 
 PARAPHOBA, s. m., f. L., fi vragatpoga, 
 ein geringer Grad von "Wahnsinn, G., 
 slight delirium. 
 
 PABAPHRENESIE, s. f., paraphrenitis, f. 
 L. : in Pathology, inflammation of the dia- 
 phragm, see DIAPIIRAGMITE ; the deliri- 
 um attendant on that form of phlegmasia. 
 PARAPHROSYNE, s. f, F., et L., *a.- 
 ^atp^affvvn, der Wahnsinn, G., mental a- 
 berration. 
 
 PARAPHYSE, s. f., paraphysis, f. L., 
 Nebenfaden, m. G. : a term applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to the fistulous and partitioned fila- 
 ments, Filets Jistuleux et cloisonnes, F., 
 which are intermingled with the organs of 
 fructification of the mosses. 
 
 PARAPLEGiE,s.f., ti 5rag!rXy/a, para- 
 plegia, f. L.: a term literally signifying 
 partial paralysis, die L'dhmung eines oder 
 einiger Korpertheile in Folge des Schlag- 
 flusses,G., from apoplexy; but ordinari- 
 ly employed, by pathologists, to designate 
 paralysis of the lower limbs, bladder, and rec- 
 tum. PARAPLEGIQUE, adj., 7ra.U,vXnyi- 
 
 xos, paraplegicus,L., an Parapteffie-leid- 
 end, G., paraplegic: suffering from, or 
 stricken with, paraplegy. By Entomolo- 
 gists, a species of Lints has been designat- 
 ed L. paraplecticus ; because its larva, liv- 
 ing on a Phellandrium, is believed, in Swe- 
 den, to induce paralysis of the limbs of 
 horses which feed upon the plant. 
 
 PARAPLEURESIE, s. f., parapleuritis, f. 
 L., spurious pleurisy, or pleurodynia, ein 
 geringer Grad von Seitenstich, G. 
 
 PARAPLEXIE, s. f., n jta.oa.-x^.^ia,, pa- 
 raplexia, f. L. : a term, in its original sig- 
 nification, synon. with PARAPLEGIE ; but 
 employed, by some French pathologists, as 
 designative of complete or general paraly- 
 
 424 
 
 PAR 
 
 sis. PAHAFLECTiQUE.adj.: syn.with PA- 
 RAPLKGiauE. PARAPOPLEXIE, s. f., para- 
 poplexia, f. L.:as%A<degreeof , einge- 
 ringer Grad vonApoplemc,G., orthecoma- 
 tose state which simulates apoplexy. 
 
 PARASITE, s. m.,and adj., xa^aaiTos,*!*.- 
 %a.ffi<rutos , parasiticus, L., Schmarotzer, 
 m., schmarotzerisch, G., parasite, parasi- 
 tic : an epithet applied,in Zoology,and Bota- 
 ny, to animals and plants, die Schmarot- 
 zerthiere,und -pflanzen,G., which,as the 
 Enlozoa, Epizoa, and many Fungi, attach 
 themselves to, and live at the escpence of, o- 
 ther animals, and plants. PARASITES, s. 
 m., pi., Parasita, L., die Schmarotzer, 
 G.: a term applied, by divers Zoologists, 
 1. to an Order of Crustacea ; 2. to a Fa- 
 mily of apterous Insects ; and, 3 of Arach- 
 nida, comprehending articulated animals, 
 of parasitic character and habits. 
 
 PAHASPADIAS, s. m., paraspadia, f. L. : 
 the opening of the urethra on one side of 
 the penis, dieOeffnungderHarnrohrean 
 einer Seite des Penis, G., H YPOSPADIAS. 
 PARASTADE, s. m., parastadum, n. (va.- 
 pa<rra$w, standing beside), L.; a term, in 
 Botany, applied, by Link, to the filaments 
 which are situated between the stamens and 
 corolla of \hePassiflortB. PARASTEME,s.m., 
 parastemon, n. L., an abortive stamen. 
 PARASTYLE.s.m., parastylus.m.L., der 
 Aftergriffel, G., an abortive pistil. 
 
 PARASYNANCHE, PARAS VNANCHIE, s. f., 
 fi vfa^a.ffuvcc'y^ . inflammation of the ex- 
 terior muscles of the larynx : synon. with 
 PAR ACYNAN CIE. 
 
 PARATHENAR, s. m., and adj. : a term ap- 
 plied, by Winslow, to the Abductor, and the 
 Flexor brevis, minimi digiti pedis. 'f he for- 
 mer was again distinguished by the epithet, 
 grand, Hypothenar major, L. ; the latter, 
 by that of petit, H. minor, L. 
 
 PAREGORiQUE,adj., 3-o|}y0g/*8j, pare- 
 goricus, L., beruhigend,G., alleviating, 
 soothing: TO, fafnye^ix.^ remedia parego- 
 nea,L., bes'dnftigende Mittel, G., sooth- 
 ing remedies ; as the paregoric Elixir, see 
 OPIUM, of the older Dispensatories. 
 
 PAREIRA-BRAVA, s. f. : in Materia Me- 
 dica, the mucilaginous and slightly bitter 
 roots of two species of CISSAMPELOS, die 
 Grieswurzel.G. Anti-arthritic and anti-ne- 
 phritic virtues have, without sufficient e- 
 vidence, been attributed to them. 
 
 PARENCEPHALE, s. m., 3 va.(>iyx.i$a.\\c, 
 parencephalis, f. L., das kleine Him, 
 G., the cerebellum, or little brain. PA- 
 HENCEPHALITE, s. f., parencephalitis, f. 
 L., inflammation, die Entziindung des 
 kleinen Hirns, G., PARENCEPHALOCELE, 
 s. f., parencephalocele, f. (;rajey*<paX/V, 
 and x.fat>, rupture), hernia cerebelli, L., 
 hernia of the cerebellum. 
 
 PARENCHYMATEDX,adj., parenchyma- 
 ticus, L., das Parenchyma betreffend.da-
 
 PAH 
 
 zu gehorig, daraus bestehend, G., paren- 
 chymatous : consisting of, or belonging to, 
 ike parenchyma, see PARENCHYME. PA- 
 RENCHYMATEUX, s.ra., pi., Parenchyma- 
 tosa, L. : the name of the Second Order, of 
 Class, Intestinaux, of Cuvier, see Regne 
 Animal, vol. iii., p. 260 ; containing those 
 Entozoa "whose bodies are filled with a 
 cellulosity or even continuous parenchy- 
 ma ," and distributed into four Families, or 
 Sub-orders, les Acanthocephales, Trema- 
 todes, Tenio'ides, et Cesloides. 
 
 PARENCHYME, s. m., TO ^ey^ii^a, 
 parenchyma, n. L., das Parenchyma, Drii- 
 senfleisch, G. : the proper tissue of the 
 glandular organs of animals ; and the pulp 
 which constitutes the base of the soft parts 
 of plants. 
 
 PARKS IE, s. f., paresis, f. L.: in Patho- 
 logy, slight or imperfect paralysis, die un- 
 volkommene Lahmung, G., implicating, 
 exclusively, the nerves of motion. 
 
 PAHESSEUX, s. m., Bradypus, m. L., 
 das Faulthier, G., Sloth : in Zoology, a 
 genus of Mammifera, belonging to the Tar- 
 digrade Tribe of Order Edentata, of Cuvier. 
 The animals composing it, are remarkable, 
 as the designation indicates, for the slow- 
 ness of their movements. 
 
 PARifcTAiRE, s. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Parietaria ( Polygamia,Monoec. ; Urticece), 
 L., das Glaskraut, G., Pellitory. Theo/- 
 ficinal species, Par. commune, F-,P. qffi- 
 cinalis, officinelles Glaskraut, G., con- 
 tainsa large proportion of nitrate of potass; 
 and is, consequently, diuretic. 
 
 PARIETAL, s. m.,and adj., parietalis,L. : 
 an epithet applied, 1. to a pair of cranial 
 bones, les O* parietaux, F., ossa parieta- 
 liavel bregmatis,L., die Scheitelbeine,G., 
 so named, as principally constituting the 
 walls, parietes, of the cranial cavity : 2. 
 the border, margo parietalis, vel sagitta- 
 lis,L., by which each bone is unitecT with 
 its fellow" and contributes to form the sa- 
 gittal, or more properly, the pariefcr/suture : 
 
 3. an Eminence, Bosse parietale, tuber pa- 
 rietale, L., presented by the exterior ; 
 
 4. a corresponding cavity, Fosse parietale, 
 by the interior or cerebral surface of 
 each bone : and, 5. an On/ice, Trou parie- 
 tal, foramen parietale, L.., das Scheitel- 
 beinloch, G., which transmits a vein to 
 the superior longitudinal sinus. Each bone 
 is quadrilateral, and developed by a single 
 point of ossification. Its four arujles are, 
 the frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and mastoid : 
 its borders, in addition to the parietal, the 
 frontal, occipital, and temporal. 
 
 PARiSETTE,s.f.: a genus, in Botany, Pa- 
 ris(Octandria,tetragyn.;Asparagine<B),~Li., 
 die Einbeere, od. dasPariskraut,G., True- 
 love. The root of the only European spe- 
 cies, P. quadrifolia, " a suspected plant," 
 possesses<?me<ic,and,in popular estimation, 
 
 425 
 
 PAR 
 
 powerfully aphrodisiac properties. Em- 
 ployed, externally, in French practice, as 
 resolutive and anodyne. 
 
 PARJSTHMITE, s. , paristhmitis, f.L., 
 die Mandelbraune, G. : inflammation of 
 the tonsils, ra ^rao/ir^/a, die Mandcln 
 im Halse, G., see ANGINE. 
 
 PAROI, s. f., paries, m. L., die Wand, 
 G., wall : a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to parts which constitute the boundaries of 
 the different cavities of the body; as those 
 of the cranium, heart, and abdomen, les 
 parois du crane, du caeur, de Fabdomen, 
 F., parietes (die W'dnde, G.) cranii, cor- 
 dis, et abdominis, L. 
 
 PAROMPHALOCELE, s. , paromphalo* 
 cele, f.L.,. der Nebennabelbruch,G. : her- 
 nia, or protrusion of intestine, in the vici- 
 nity of the navel. 
 
 PARONTCHIE, s. , see PANARIS. 
 
 PARORCHIDE, s. , parorchidium,n. L.., 
 der Leistenhoden, G. : retention, or re- 
 traction, of one or both testes within the in- 
 guinal region. See CRYPTORCHIS. PAR- 
 ORCHiDO-ENTEROCELE.s.f., hernia paror- 
 chido-enterica, JL. : intestinal hernia, compli- 
 cated with retention of the testis. 
 
 PAROTIDE, s. , xetgvris, parotis, f. 
 L., die Parotis, od. Ohrspeicheldruse,G.: 
 in Anatomy, the most voluminous of the 
 salivary glands ; occupying the deep cavi- 
 ty which is situated, on each side, between 
 the mastoid process of the temporal bone, 
 ramus of the lower jaw, and external audi- 
 tory orifice ; and pouring its secreted flu- 
 id, by a large duct, Conduit parotidien, F., 
 -ductus parotideus vel Stenonianus,L., 
 der Stenon'sche Speichelgang, G., into 
 the buccal cavity, see CANAL. About 
 the anterior margin of the masseter mus- 
 cle, the parotid duct frequently receives a 
 branch from a glandular body there situ- 
 ated, and hence named Glande accessoire de 
 la parotide, parotis accessorial., die Ne- 
 benspeicheldruse, G. Tn Pathology, tume- 
 faction, ordinarily inflammatory in its cha- 
 racter, of the parenchyma of the parotid 
 gland, or the parts by which it is surround- 
 ed. French pathological writers distin- 
 guish two varieties of parotis: the essential 
 or idiopathic, known by the popular desig- 
 nation of OREILLON; and the symptomatic, 
 frequently developed in the progress of ty- 
 phus and other acute diseases. 
 
 PAROTIDONCIE, s. f., parotidoncus, m. 
 L,., dieOhrspeicheldriisengeschwullstjG., 
 tumefaction of ; PAROTITE, s. f., pa- 
 rotitis,f. L. , die Ohrenspeicheldriisenen t - 
 ziindung, G., inflammation of the paro- 
 tid gland. By the French Alibert,the term 
 PAROTONCIE, s. f., parotoncus, m. L., 
 literally signifying tumour, is employed 
 to designate inflammation, of the parotid ; 
 and constitutes the 4th genus of the Family 
 of the Adenoses, of la Nosologie Naturelle.
 
 PAS 
 
 PAROXYSMS, s. m., a vttgi%vfffios, pa- 
 roxysmus, m. L., der Paroxysmus, der 
 Anfall einer Krankheit, G.: a paroxysm, 
 the Jit of a disease, see ACCES. PAROXYS- 
 TICIUE, adj.: an epithet applied, in Patho- 
 logy, to days, dies paroxystici, L., which 
 are signalized by the appearance of a pa- 
 roxysm of fever. 
 
 PART,S. m., partus, m.L., Geburt, f. 
 G., birth: a term employed,in Obstetrics, 
 to designate both the act, see ACCOUCHE- 
 MENT, and the product, seeFcEius, of 
 parturition: Exs. Faux part, spurious deli- 
 very ; P. illegitime, an illegitimate child. 
 
 PARTI, ou PARTITE, adj., partitus,L., 
 getheilt, G. : an epithet applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to organs of plants; when exhibiting 
 clefts, or divisions, which extend nearly to 
 their base. 
 
 PARTICULE, s. f., particula, f. L., 
 Theilchen, n. G., see MOLECULE. 
 
 PART IAL, adj ., partialis, L. , besonder, 
 G. : an epithet opposed, in signification, to 
 complete or general, and thus applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to the organs of plants ; as the partial 
 division, Cloison partiel, F., of the peri- 
 carp of Syringa vulgaris; the divisions of 
 an umbel, see OMBELLULE ; and each 
 branch, Petiole partiel, of the common 
 petiole of a compound leaf. In Entomolo- 
 gy, the imperfect transmutation, Meta- 
 morphose partietle, exhibited by certain/n- 
 sects, as the Hemiptera, Orthoptera, and ma- 
 ny of the Neuroptera,in their progress from 
 the larva to the adult state. 
 
 PAROULIE, s. f., wapouJuV, parulis, f. 
 L., das Zahnfleischgeschwiir,G. : an ab- 
 scess of the gum; ordinarily from caries of 
 tooth or socket. 
 
 PASSEHAGE,s.f. : a gen us, in Botany.Z,e- 
 pidium ( Tetradynamia, silicul. ; Crucifera), 
 I*, die Kresse,G., thePepperwort. The 
 common species, L.sativum, die gemeine 
 oder Garlen-frrme, is eaten, when young, 
 as garden-cress, see CRESSON; and the 
 wild, L.ruderale, diewilde.ffrme, is re- 
 puted febrifuge. 
 
 PAssiF,adj., passivuSjL., passive: an 
 epithet, in Pathology, opposed, hi signifi- 
 cation, to active, see ACTIF; as passive 
 haemorrhage. ISanevrisme passif du cceur, 
 F. : implies dilatation of the cavities of the 
 heart, with atrophy of its parietes. 
 
 PASSIFLOREES, s.f., pL, PassiJlorece,L,.: 
 in Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous 
 plants ; having, for type, the genus Passi- 
 fiora, Grenadille, die Passionsblume, G. 
 
 PASSION, s. f. : in Psychology, a violent 
 emotion of the mind ; as love, ambition, 
 despondency: in Pathology, a term desig- 
 native of a morbid condition of divers or- 
 gans, or systems of organs, as the caeliac, hy- 
 sterical, and iliac passions, see CUILIAUUE, 
 HYSTERIQUE, et ILIAUUE ; and, conse- 
 quently, synon. witheftsease, AFFECTION. 
 426 
 
 PAT 
 
 PASTILLE, s. m., pastillus,m. L., pas- 
 tile: a pharmaceutical preparation,composeA, 
 principally, of sugar and mucilage, with an 
 essential oil, or other medicinal substance, 
 for its active ingredient ; and of a firmer 
 consistencethan its nearly -allied compound , 
 the paste, Pate, s. f. 
 
 PATELLE,s.f., Patella, f.L., dieNapf- 
 schnecke,od.Naprmuschel,G., Limpet :in 
 Malocology,agenusofGasterojo0rfoi<sJVfo//ws- 
 ca, inhabiting an univalve shell. Several 
 of the species, as the common Limpet, P. 
 vulgata, die gemeine Patelle, are edible. 
 
 PATHETIQUE, adj., xa,6n>nx.os, pathet- 
 icus, L., pathetiscn, G., pathetic: an e- 
 pithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the super- 
 ior oblique muscle, M. patketique, der Au- 
 genrollmuskel, G., of the eye, see OB- 
 LIQUE ; because, in contracting, it effects 
 a rotatory motion of that organ, character- 
 istic of the more violent passions of the 
 mind : and, 2 to the 4th pair of cerebral 
 nerves, Nerfs pathetiques, see NERF ; as 
 distributed on the pathetic muscle. 
 
 PATHOGENiE,s.f., pathogenia,f. (*&>,-, 
 disease, yiwns, generation), L., die Patho- 
 genic, G., pathogeny: that branch of Pa- 
 thology, which has, for its objects of study, 
 the production and development of diseases. 
 
 PATHOGNOioNiQUE,adj., pathognomo- 
 nicus (u-a^f, disease, y/y<u<r*&/,to recognize), 
 L. : an epithet applied, in Pathology, to 
 the phenomena or signs, TO. ffvp,a,<ru. yraffoy- 
 tupovixa, signa pathognomonica, L/., die 
 pathognomonischen Krankheitszeichen, G., 
 which essentially characterize a disease. 
 
 PATHOGRAPHIE, s. f., pathographia, f. 
 (xtifas, disease, yea<pa, to describe), L., 
 die Beschreibung der Krankheitsformen, G., 
 description of the forms of diseases. PA- 
 THOGRAPHiQUE,adj., pathographicus,L., 
 pathographisch, pathographic: pertain- 
 ing to Pathography. 
 
 PATHOLOGIE, s. f., tra^aXay/*^ (f'^x">)- 
 pathologia, f. L., die Krankheitslehre, 
 Pathologic, G. : that part of Medicine 
 which has, for its object, the knowledge and 
 doctrine of diseases. Pathology is divided, 
 by French systematic writers, into general 
 &nAspecial, Pathologie gencrale et speciale. 
 The first exhibits diseases in the characters 
 common to the whole : the latter exposes 
 the particular history of each disease ; and 
 admits of subdivision into internal or medi- 
 cal, and external or chirurgical pathology. 
 
 PATHOLOGIQUE.adj., ira^Xay/*aj, path- 
 
 ologicus, L., pathologisch, G., pertain- 
 ing, as pathological anatomy, see ANATO- 
 MIE, to : PATHOLOGISTE, s. m., a <ra.- 
 ^aXayaj, pathologus, derKrankheitslehr- 
 er, jPatholog, pathologist, a writer on 
 Pathology, or the science of diseases. 
 
 PATIENCE, s. f. : in Botany, a term em- 
 ployed, by some French writers, as desig- 
 native of the Latin genus, Rumex ; and,
 
 PAV 
 
 consequently, synon. with OSEILLE : by 
 others, of a species, la. Patience officinale, 
 R. patientia,der Gartenampfer, oder 
 das Patienzkraut, G. ; the leaf of which is 
 mucilaginous, and root slightly tonic. 
 
 PATTE,s.f.r Pfote,Tatze,f.G., leg,or 
 paw: a term applied, in Zoology, toihelimb, 
 see JAMBE, et PIED, of the Mammifera, 
 Birds, Reptiles, and Articulata; and, espe- 
 cially, to the instruments of locomotion of 
 Insects in the caterpillar state, see FAUX. 
 In Fishes, these organs receive the desig- 
 nation of Jin, see NAGEOIRE ; in the Ce- 
 phalopod Mottusca, of arm, BRAS. 
 
 PATURON, s. m., suffrage, L., die 
 Fessel, G., pastern : in Comparative A- 
 natomy, that portion of the limb of the Un- 
 gulate Mammifera, which, as in the horse, 
 intervenes between the cannon , and less- 
 er pastern or coronary bone, COURONNE. 
 
 PAUCIFLORE, adj., pauciflorus, L., 
 wenigblumig, -bluthig, G. : an epithet, hi 
 Botany, specifically designative of plants 
 which, as Capparis paucifiora, bear but few 
 flowers, paucos flores ferunt, L. PAUCIFO- 
 i.iE,adj., wenigblattrig, G., few-leaved ; 
 as Indigoferapaucifolia : see OLIGOPH YLLE. 
 
 PAUME de la main, s. f., palma, vola, f. 
 L-, ro$iv/z, palm: the portion of hand, 
 in Man and the Quadrumana, circumscribed 
 by the thenar and hypothenar eminences, 
 the base of the last four digital phalanges, 
 and articulation of the wrist: in Insects, the 
 extreme joint of the anterior tarsus ; when 
 more fully developed than the rest. 
 
 PAU FIBRE, s. r, palpebra, f. L.., TO 
 /3Xe<pav, das Augenlied, G., eyelid : in 
 Anatomy, the mobile and delicately con- 
 structed appendage, destined to protect the 
 eye from injury by day, and cover it dur- 
 ing sleep. The eyelids, les Paupieres, 
 palpebra, ra, jSXsipaja, die Augenlieder, 
 of which there are ordinarily two, a su- 
 perior and inferior, das obere und untere, 
 G., exist, generally, in the Mammifera, 
 Birds, and in some Reptiles. In Birds, 
 there is a third eyelid, membrana nictitans, 
 corresponding, in situation and character, 
 with that, see CLIGNOTANT, which di- 
 vers otheranimals exhibit in a less perfect- 
 ly developed, or rudimentary state. 
 
 PAUSIMENIE, s. f., pausimenia, f. (*- 
 <r, cessation, /' ptins , the menses), L. : ces- 
 sation of the menstrual flux. 
 
 PAVILLON, s. m.: a term designative, in 
 Anatomy, 1. of the flapofthe ear, Pavill.de 
 roreille ; and, consequently, synon. with 
 AURICULE : 2. of thee-r/wncferforfimbriat- 
 ed extremity, P. de la TROMPE uterine, 
 of the Fallopian tube. In Botany, the 
 vexillum, or standard, of a papilionaceous 
 corolla, see ETENDARD. 
 
 PAVOT, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Pa- 
 paver CPolyandria, monogynia), L., der 
 Mohn, G-, the Poppy ; constituting the 
 
 427 
 
 PEC 
 
 type of the Papaveracea. The principal 
 species, employed in Medicine, are, 1. the 
 common red or corn-poppy, rother Feld- 
 mohn, see COQUELICOT : 2. the oriental, 
 Pav. d'orientrP. orienlalis : and, 3. the 
 garden-, P. desjardins, P. somniferum, 
 GartenmoAra, schlafmachender Mohn. The 
 two latter produce OPIUM : and, from the 
 seeds of the last, a mild alimentary oil, I' 
 (Eillette, F., Oleum Papaveris albi, L., 
 das Mohnsamenol, G., is obtained by ex- 
 pression . Which of the numerous species 
 ofPapaver, fijxuv, of the Greeks ,was meant 
 to designate, it is difficult to determine. 
 
 PEAU, s. f., pellis, cutis, f. L., TO Mf- 
 fta, die Haut,G., skin: in Anatomy, and 
 Zoology, the dense, thick, highly flexible 
 and elastic membrane which invests the 
 bodies of nearly all the members of the 
 Animal Kingdom, vertebrate and inverte- 
 brate. In Man, it is composed of three 
 distinct layers, the chorion or true skin, 
 see DERSIE; rete mucosum,!,., Corps mu~ 
 queux reticulaire ; and cuticle or epidermis, 
 see EPIDERME ; and constitutes the ba- 
 sis of the dermoid, or more properly derm- 
 atoid System, see Anatomic Generate, vol. 
 iv., of Bichat. Respecting its colour, 
 which exhibits great variations, according 
 to the race, sex, age, physical condition, 
 habits and occupations, of the individual, 
 some curious notions are entertained by 
 Dr. Prichard, Physical History of Man. 
 The skin is the especial seat of the sense 
 of touch; and an organ of exhalation and 
 absorption. Its functions have been the 
 subject of many interesting physiological 
 experiments : its morbid affections, ably 
 illustrated by Willan and Bateman, Ali- 
 bert and Rayer. See, also, Willis, Illustra- 
 tions of Cutaneous Disease, now in progress 
 of publication. In Botany, the membran- 
 ous structure by which the fruit of plants 
 is enveloped. 
 
 PEAUCIER, s. m. : in Anatomy, the de- 
 signation of a sub-cutaneous muscle (-Tno- 
 RACO-FACIAI., Ch.), *>^a,<rvirfia /u,utSts, 
 Platysma my aides (Latissimus colli,S6'mm.), 
 L., der breite Halsmuskel, G.; which, 
 occupying the lateral region of the throat, 
 extends obliquely from the superior part 
 of the thorax to the sy mphy sis menti, the ex- 
 ternal oblique line of the lower jaw, and 
 commissure of the lips. The fibres of the 
 latter insertion constitute a separate fasci- 
 culus; described, by some Anatomists, as a 
 distinct muscle, M. risorius Santorini. 
 
 PECARI, s. m. : in Zoology, a species of 
 the genus, Sus ; belonging to the Pachy- 
 dermes Ordinaires, of Class, Mammiferes, of 
 Cuvier, and Multungula, Blum. The Pec- 
 cary, Sus tajussa, das Bisamschwein,Na- 
 belschwein, G., represents, in the West- 
 ern Continent, the wild boar, SANGLIER, 
 of Europe; and roams, in large herds,
 
 PEC 
 
 through the vast solitudes of the Ameri- 
 can forests. Its distinguishing characters 
 are, " NullS caude ; fomculo moschifero ad 
 extremum dorsi." Flesh edible. 
 
 PECHE, s. f., malum persicum, L., 
 jurj^ov ir<.offixov,<\\e Pfersche, (T., peach : 
 in Botany, the fruit of the peach-tree, PE- 
 CHER, s. m., Amygdalus persica, ^n^-'ia. 
 Tifffixti (erroneously rendered Lemon-tree, 
 by Donnegan), der Pferschenbaum, G., 
 a species of AMANDIEH. The kernel con- 
 tains Hydrocyanic acid. Leaves, sn&flow- 
 ers, slightly purgative and anthelminthic. 
 
 PECHYAGHE, s. f., pechyagra, f. (*ri%v;, 
 the elbow, a.yy*., seizure), L., die Ellen- 
 bogengichtjG., gout in the elbow. Pechi- 
 agra, ex Blancardi sententia, arthritis est 
 quae in cubiti articulo sedem fixit. In his 
 verbis duplex vitium inest. Nam primo 
 debebat scribi pechagra, vm^dy^, non pe- 
 chyagra, multb minus pechiagra. Dein <*n- 
 KVS non denotat articulationem cubiti, qua? 
 ayxavos nomine insignitur, sed earn extre- 
 mitatis superioris partem quam nunc an- 
 tibrachium vocamus. Malum, igitur, cui 
 Blanc, pechagree nomen imposuit, rectius 
 a.yx,iata.yyx. appellandum erit. Such is the 
 criticism of Kiihn, Editor of the last Edi- 
 tion of Blancardi Lexicon Medicum. 
 
 PECORES, s. m., pL, Pecora, L., see 
 BISULQUE. 
 
 PECTINE, adj., pectinatus,L., kamm- 
 f ormig, G., pectinated : an epithet speci- 
 fically designative, in Zoology, and Bota- 
 ny, of animals, and plants, whose organs, as 
 theantenna ofLampyris pectlnala, and leaves 
 of Achillea pectinata, are disposed in paral- 
 lel rows like the teeth of a comb, pecten, 
 n. L., der Kamm, G. : and, generally, of 
 organs themselves which, as the pectinated 
 antenna, Antenne pectinee, of manyLepi- 
 doptera, and the bractea of Melampyrum 
 cristatum, exhibit such construction. 
 
 In Anatomy, the name of a muscle, M . 
 pectine, F. ( SUS-PUBIO-FEMORAL, Ch.), 
 Pectineus, L., der Kammmuskel, G. ; 
 which, occupying the superior and inter- 
 nal part of the pelvic limb, extends from 
 the brim of the pelvis, near the pubic 
 spine, to the lineaasperafemoris immediate- 
 ly below the lesser trochanter. 
 
 PECTINIBHANCHES, s. m., pi., Pectini- 
 branchiata, L. : the term applied, by Cu- 
 vier, to the Sixth Order of Gasteropoda; 
 comprehending the Mollusca whose respira- 
 tory organs, bronchia, L., as those of the 
 animal of the Trochi, are composed of pec- 
 tinated lamellae. PECTINICORNE, adj., 
 pectinicornis, L. : to Insects with pectin- 
 ated antenna, pectinata cornua, L. 
 
 PECTiNiFOLiE,adj., kammblattrig,G.: 
 an epithet designative of plants, which, as 
 Pelargonium pectinifolium, bear pectinated 
 leaves. PECTINIFORME, adj., pectinifor- 
 mis,L., pectiriiform : syn. with PECTIXE". 
 428 
 
 FED 
 
 PECTOHAL, adj., pectoralis, L. : an e- 
 pithet employed, in Anatomy, and Zoolo- 
 gy, to designate, 1. the organs which are 
 contained within, or affixed to, the parietes 
 of the pectoral cavity, die .Brusrtio hie, 
 or breast, pectus, n. L., die Brust, G. : as 
 the pectoral viscera, Visceres pectoraux, 
 organa pectoris, L., die Brustorgane, G., 
 consisting principally ofheart and lungs; 
 the superior or anterior limbs, Membra* 
 pectoraux, die .Bri/s/glieder, more com- 
 monly termed thoracic, see THORACIQUE, 
 of the four-footed Reptiles, Amphibia, 
 Birds, and the majority of the Mammifera, 
 and corresponding, in site, and hi function 
 as instruments of progression, with the 
 pecloraljins, lesNAGEOiRESpec<0rau:r, of 
 Fishes, and the swimming-paws of the 
 Whale-tribe ; the Mammary gland, Ma- 
 melle pectoraJe, of Man, the Quadrumana, 
 Cheiroptera, the Bradypi, and Phytophagous 
 Cetacea, as distinguished from the inguinal, 
 see INGUINAL, of other animals : Mus- 
 cles, M. pectoraux, of which there are 
 recognized, in the human subject, a, the 
 great Pectoral, M. pectoral grand ( STER- 
 NO-HUMERAI,, Ch.), Pectoralis major, L., 
 grosser J3ru.?<muskel, G. ; b. the internal, 
 P.interne, seeTRiANGULAiREdMS'fern- 
 m; and, c. the lesser, P.pelit( CosTO-Co- 
 RAcoiDiEN,Ch.), Pectoralis minor, klein- 
 erZ?rsfrnuskel.2. Birds, distinguished, as 
 Tringa pectoralis, from their congeners, by 
 a colouring of the ireas^-feathers, Plumes 
 pectorales, unlike that of the general plum- 
 age : and, 3. a vermiform Epizoon, Lernia 
 pectoralis ; as attaching itself, exclusively, 
 to the pectoral fin of Fishes. 
 
 In Pharmacy, Remedies, Medicaments 
 pectoraux, die .Brtwfmittel, G., which are 
 calculated to mitigate, or remove, affections 
 ofthecAesrf. See BECHiauE. 
 
 PECTORILOQUE, s. m., and adj. : an epi- 
 thet applied to persons in whom exists pec- 
 toriloquism, PECTORii.oauiE,s.f., pecto- 
 riloquia, f. (pectore, from the breast, loquor, 
 to speak), L., a morbid phenomenon first 
 detected, and described, by Laennec, see 
 Traite, d? Auscultation Mediate, 3 vols. 8vo. 
 Paris, 1830. It consists in the direct issue 
 of the voice of the patient from the breast, 
 through the canal of a cylinder, see STE- 
 THOSCOPE, applied to the parietes of that 
 cavity; and indicates the existence of ul- 
 cerous caverns or excavations in the sub- 
 stance of the lung. Pectoriloquy has been 
 distinguished, by Laennec, into the evident, 
 dubious,sn& bleating, P. evidente,douteuse } 
 et chevrotante, see EGOPHONIE. 
 
 PEDARTHHOCACE,s.m., psedarthrocace, 
 f. (va7s,a. child, a^,a joint, KO.X.OI, injury), 
 L., der Winddorn, G. : a term applied, by 
 Severinus, to ostco-sarcoma^-spina. vento- 
 sa, as commonly attacking the joints of 
 children. PEDATHOPHIE, s. f., psedatro-
 
 PED 
 
 phia, f. (*<>, a.r^<fia, wasting), L., die 
 Darrsucht der Kinder, G., the mesente- 
 ric atrophy of children. 
 
 PEDICELLE, s. m., pedicellus, m. L., 
 das Bliithenstielchen, G.: in Botany, a 
 partial flower-stalk, the ultimate division of 
 the ramified pedunculus, see PEDONCUI.E : 
 also, the capillary shaft which sustains the 
 urn of the mosses. In Entomology, the 
 term, pedicel, is applied to the second arti- 
 culation of the antennaof Insects. PEDICEL- 
 ife, adj., pedicellatus, L., pedicellate : 
 an epithet generally, or specifically, desig- 
 native of flowers which are sustained up- 
 on apedicel; or of plants which exhibit flow- 
 ers so supported. 
 
 PEDICUJLAIRE, adj., pedicularis, L., 
 lausig, mit L'dusen behaftet, G., pedicu- 
 lar : connected with lice, pediculi, L. : as 
 the morbid affection, termed Phthiriasis, 
 die -LawsekrankheitjG., see PHTHIRIASE. 
 PEDICUI.AIRE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Pedicularis (Dldynamia, angiosperm ; Rhin- 
 anthoideae), L >r 4as Lauskraut, G., :the 
 Louse-wort ; so named, from the popular 
 opinion that one of the most common spe- 
 cies, P. palustris, Ped. des marais, F., 
 
 das Sumpf/awsfcraw/, G., eulogized, in 
 
 French practice, as vulnerary, engenders lice 
 in the cattle which feed upon it. 
 
 PEDICULE, s. m., pediculus, m., peda- 
 nientum, n. L. : a term applied, in Zoolo- 
 gy, and Botany, to the organs of animals, 
 and plants, which, as the isthmus connect- 
 ing the thorax and abdomen of the Hy- 
 menoptera, and the stem of many Funffi,ex- 
 hibit a slender and elongated figure. In Sur- 
 gery, ihecontractedportion, by which, certain 
 tumours, hence termed pediculated, tumo- 
 respediculatijli., are attached to the body. 
 
 PEDICURE, s. m. : a name applied to per- 
 sons who devote themselves to the treat- 
 ment, euro, of diseases of the foot, pes, 
 pedis, L. ; and, more especially, those who 
 exercise their genius in removal of corn 
 and bunion. 
 
 PEDIEUX, s. m., and adj.: a term appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, 1. to a muscle, M.pedieux, 
 
 ( CALCANEO-SuS-PHALANGETTlENCOm- 
 
 mun, Ch.), Extensor brevis digitorum pe- 
 dis, L., kurzer Zehenstrecker, G., situ- 
 ated on the dorsal region of the/oo<; and, 
 2. an artery, Artere pedieuse ( dorsale, 
 ou supe'rieure du tarse), arteriapedaa vel 
 dorsaiis pedis, L., die Ruckenschlagader 
 des Fusses,G., acontinuation of the trunk 
 of the anterior tibial ; anastomozing with 
 the external plantar, and finally distribut- 
 ed on the tarsus, metatarsus, and dorsal in- 
 terossei muscles, 
 
 PKDILUVE, s. m., pediluvium, n.L., 
 Fussbad, n. G., a foot-bath. See BAIN. 
 
 PEDIMANES, s. m.^ and adj., pi., Pedi- 
 mani, L. : a term, in Zoology, applied, by 
 Blainville, to a Family 01 Mammifcra; 
 
 429 
 
 PEL 
 
 which, as les MARSUPIAUX, of Cuvier.have 
 the foot of the pelvic limb converted into 
 a sort of hand by the separation and thumb- 
 like character of the first toe. 
 
 PEDOMETRE,S.m. Syn.withODOMETRE. 
 
 PEDONCUL AI RE, adj ., peduncu laris, L., 
 blumenstielstandig, G., peduncular : 
 PEDUNCULE'.adj., pedunculatus, L., pe- 
 dunculated : epithets employed, in Bota- 
 ny, as generally designati ve of flowers, and , 
 specifically, of plants, Adina peduncularis, 
 Quercuspedunculata, possessing flowers 
 which aresupportedon ajlower-stalk, Blii- 
 thenstiel,m.G., seePEDONCUi-E: in Zoo- 
 logy, of Crustacea whose eyes, as those of 
 Pagw-us pedunculatus, are sustained upon a 
 conspicuous peduncle. 
 
 PEDONCULE, s. m., pedunculus, m. 
 L., peduncle : in Botany, the flower- or 
 the fruit-stalk, der Blumen-oder Frucht- 
 stiel,G.; or the base, or trunk, of & ramified 
 peduncule, see PEDICELLE. Pedunculus 
 botanicis dicitur fulcrum sustinens florem 
 fructumque ; foliorum auiemfukrum, petio- 
 lus. In Anatomy, a term employed to de- 
 signate divers slender processes of medulla- 
 ry substance whereby various parts of the 
 encephalon are connected; as, I. the pe- 
 duncles of the brain, les Pedoncules du cer- 
 veau (bras ), F., pedunculi, vel crura, 
 cerebri, L., die "Rirnstiele oder -schenkel, 
 G.; 2. of the cerebellum, Ped. du cervelet 
 (cuissesde la moelle allonge'e), ped., vel 
 crura, cerebelli ad medullam oblongatam; 
 
 and, 3 of the pineal gland, Pedic. de la 
 
 gland pinnule, ped. conarii vel glanduke 
 pinealis, die Zirbelstiele, stretching, on 
 each side, from that body, to the superior 
 and internal region of the optic thalami. 
 
 PEDOPHLEBOTOMIE, s. f., psedophlebo- 
 tomia, f. (*a.ls, a child, (f^.tSara^ia, incision 
 of a vein), L., das Aderlassen der Kinder, 
 G., the operation of phlebotomy in : PE- 
 
 DOTROFHIE, S.f., Jfa.iSitr^ii^'itt,, psedotro- 
 
 phia, f.L.: that branch of Hygiene, which 
 regards the aliment, or diet, of children, 
 die Kinderdiat, G. 
 
 PEIGNE, s. m. : a genus, in Conchology, 
 Pecten, n. L., die Kammmuschel, G., . 
 the Scallop; comprehending several spe- 
 cies of bivalve Shells, heretofore included in 
 Ostrea, see HUITRE. The animal, which 
 inhabits several of these, constitutes an ar- 
 ticle of human sustenance.in maritime dis- 
 tricts. It belongs to the Mollusca acepha- 
 la, of Cuvier; ana Conchifera, of later Zoo- 
 logists. Pectinites, Pectinitte, s. f., pi., L., 
 versteinerte Kammmuscheln, G.: fossil 
 shells, of the genus Pecten. 
 
 PELAGIE, s. f., pelagia, f. L. : a kind of 
 scaly erysipelas, Erysipele squamcux, F., 
 of the hands ; sometimes extending to the 
 feet, and, still more rarely, the visage. 
 
 PELAGIQUE, adj., Aayxaj, pelagic : 
 an epithet designative of animals which, as
 
 PEL 
 
 Thalassidroma pelagica, frequent the main or 
 open sea, TO vriKctyot, pelagus, m.L., das 
 Weltmeer, G., see MARINE. 
 
 PELICAN, s. ra. : in Ornithology, a ge- 
 nus, Pelicanus, m. L,., der Pefican, G. ; 
 constituting the type of the Family of the 
 Pelicans, and comprehending several spe- 
 cies of Natatorial and Piscivorous birds. 
 The common Woodpecker appears to have 
 been the ireXsxay, of Greek writers. In Sur- 
 gery, an instrument, with a claw resem- 
 bling, in figure, the beak of the pelican ; 
 employed for the extraction of teeth. 
 
 PELLAGRE, s. , pellagra, f. JL. : a vile 
 compound of the Latin, pellis, and Greek, 
 ay^a., seizure ; employed to designate a va- 
 riety of ichthyosis, ICHTHYOSE, which, 
 " in siidlichen Landern, besonders in Ita- 
 lien," attacks the hands and feet ; and is, 
 by Italians, termed Malattia della miseria. 
 
 PELLICULE, s. f., pellicula, f. L., pel- 
 licle : in Zoology, and Botany, the delicate 
 membrane, das Hautchen,diediinne Haut, 
 G., which invests the interior of the egg- 
 shell; and envelopes the seed of plants : in 
 Chemistry, the film, cuticula, quse in 
 superficie apparet dum solutiones salium 
 evaporando inspissantur, L. 
 
 PELTE, adj., peltatus, L., schildform- 
 ig,G., peltate, resembling a shield, or tar- 
 get, >> 5T>.T, pelta, f. L. : an epithet de- 
 signative, in Botany, of organs of plants 
 which, as the stigma, Stigmate pelle, F., 
 of Sibthorpia europcea, is attached, by its cen- 
 tre, to the ovary or style ; and of plants in 
 whose leaf, as la Feuille peltee, schildform- 
 iges Blatt, G., of Passiflora peltata, the 
 petiole is inserted into the centre of the disk. 
 
 PELVI-CRURAL, adj.: an epithet appli- 
 ed, by Chaussier, to the common iliac ar- 
 tery, arteria pelvi-cruralis, L.; as distri- 
 buting its branches on the pelvis, and lower 
 or posterior limb, cms, cruris,L. PELVI- 
 TROCHANTERiEN,adj., pelvi-trochanteri- 
 anus, L.: relating, as Region pelvi-trochante- 
 rienne, which comprehends the Pyramida- 
 lis, Obluratores, Gemelli,a.nd Quadratusfemo- 
 m, muscles, to the pelvis and trochanter. 
 
 PELVIEN, adj., pelvinus, L., formed 
 by, regarding, attached, or pertaining to, 
 the pelvis, see BASSIN : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Anatomy, to designate divers 
 parts, or organs, so circumstanced , as, 1 . 
 the Cavity, la Cavite pelvienne, F., die 
 Beckenhohle, G., formed by the two ossa 
 innominata, sacrum, and coccyx, hence de- 
 nominated pelvic bones ; 2. the surface^- 
 Face pelvienne, of the iliac bones, corres- 
 ponding to that cavity ; 3. the lower, pel- 
 vic, or abdominal limbs, Membres pelviens, 
 ou abdominaux, die Becken- oder Bauch- 
 glieder, G., of Man, corresponding, in at- 
 tachment, with the posterior, of the Quad- 
 rumana and Quadrupeds ; 4. the internal 
 iliac artery f Artere pelvienne, die Becken- 
 
 430 
 
 PEN 
 
 arterie, G., of Chaussier; and, 5. an apo- 
 neurosis, Aponevrose pelvienne, described 
 by Jules Cloquet, as attached to the supe- 
 rior aperture of the pelvis,and continuous 
 with the fascia iliaca and aponeurotic ex- 
 pansion of the Psoas parvus, muscle. 
 
 PELviMETRE,s.m., pelvimetrum,n.L., 
 pelvimeter : an instrument employed in 
 measuringthe capacity of the female pelvis; 
 more especially the antero-posterior dia- 
 meter of the superior or abdominal aper- 
 ture. Kraus denounces this term as " bar- 
 barous ;" and proposes to substitute, for it, 
 the more legitimately constructed, Pelyo- 
 metrum, n. (r'&vs, a basin, ftirgov, a mea- 
 sure), L., PELYOMETRE, s. m. ? 
 
 PEMPHIGUS, s. m. (<ri/tp/g, a bubble),F , 
 et L., der Blasenausschlag, oder Pemphi- 
 gus, G. : in Pathology, a genus of Cutane- 
 ous Diseases; belonging to the Order, Bui- 
 la, of Willan. Ordinarily preceded by at- 
 tacks of nocturnal fever, it terminates, af- 
 ter some days' duration, in scab or crust. 
 Two species of Pemphigus, P. aigu, et 
 chronique, the former exhibiting two vari- 
 eties, P. simultane, et successif, are dis- 
 tinguished by French pathological writers. 
 PEMPHiGODE,adj., vriftQiy/ubns, pemphi- 
 godes, L., pemphigusartig, G., pemphi- 
 goid : resembling, or connected with, pem- 
 phigus, 
 
 PENIL, s. m., pubes, f. L. : E'minence 
 sus-pubienne, garnie de poils, pecten, n. 
 L., qui domine les organes ge"nerateurs 
 de 1'un et 1'autre sexe. Chez la femme, il 
 porte plus particulierement, le nom de 
 MONT de Venus, der Venusberg,G. PE- 
 NIS, s. m. F., et L. See VERGE. 
 
 PENNATIFIDE, adj., fiederspaltig, G., 
 pinnatifid : an epithet designative, in 
 Botany, of organs of plants, which, as the 
 leaf of Solanum pinnatiftdum ; the stipule of 
 Viola tricolor ; the bractea of Melampyrum 
 praten-se ; and cotyledon of Geranium mos- 
 chatum, exhibit, in their parallel clefts, a 
 structure resembling that of a feather, 
 penna,\j. PENNATiFOLifc,adj.: of plants 
 which, as Jungermannia pinnatifolia, bear 
 pinnatifid leaves, pinnatiftda folia, L., fie- 
 derformige oder halbge/iederte Blatter, G. 
 
 PENNE, adj., pinnated : an epithet em- 
 ployed, by some Botanists, to designate 
 compound leaves which, as the leaf,pin- 
 natum folium, gefiedert.es Blatt, G., of 
 Lotus pinnatus, consist of leaflets disposed 
 on each side of a common petiole, like the 
 barbs on the shaft of a. feather, penna, L. ; 
 by others, a leaf, as that of Pyrus, whose 
 nervures are arranged on each side of the 
 principal longitudinal nervure. 
 
 PENNE, s. f., penna, f. Li., quill : in 
 Ornithology, the large feathers, Pennes, 
 pi., die Fmgfedern, G., of the wing and 
 tail of birds. These are, respectively, dis- 
 tinguished by the epithets, remiges et rec-
 
 PEN 
 
 trices, as indicative of their peculiar uses 
 in the process of flight. 
 
 PENNIFOLIE, adj., pinnifolius, I,.: an 
 epithet, in Botany, synon. with PENNATI- 
 FOLIE. PENNIFORME, adj., -pinniformis, 
 L., fiederf b'rmig, G., pinniform: an epi- 
 thet applied to the organs of plants which 
 exhibit a pinnated structure : in Anato- 
 my, to muscles whose fleshy fibres are in- 
 serted, obliquely, into both sides of a com- 
 mon tendon, as the barbs of a feather, in- 
 to their common stem. 
 
 PENSEE sauvage, s. f. : the popular desig- 
 nation of Viola tricolor, see VIOLET TE. 
 
 PENTAGONS, adj., vwru.yuvos, funf- 
 eckig, -winklig, G., pentagonal : exhibit- 
 ing Jive angles ; as, in Botany, the stem of 
 Cactus , and branches of Cissuspentagomts. 
 
 PENTAGYNIE, s. f., Pentagynia, (*i\>- 
 ra., five, <yvw, a female), L., die Pentagy- 
 nie, G.: in Botany, the designation of five 
 Orders, in the Sexual System of Linnaeus ; 
 comprehendingpfarafe, Plantespentagynes, 
 F., whose powers, flores pentagyni,Li., 
 fiinfweibige Bliithen, G., contain Jive fe- 
 male organs, or pistils. The epithet, Penta- 
 gyne, pentayynous, is, also, used to, spe- 
 cifically, designate plants which, as Conna- 
 rus pentagynus, although not included in 
 Order, Pentagynia, are yet distinguished, 
 from their congeners, by the possession of 
 five pistils, PENTAGYNIQUE, adj., penta- 
 gynicus, L. : belonging to Pentagynia. 
 
 PENTAMERE, adj., trivra^tis, penta- 
 merus,L.: divided into Jive parts, or pieces; 
 as the pentamerous tarsi of many Coleoptera, 
 among Insects. 
 
 PENTANDRIE, s. f., Pentandria, f. (*iv- 
 ra., five, avj?, avSgoj, a male), L., die Pen- 
 tandrie,G. : in Botany, the designation of 
 the Fifth Class, and of four Orders, in the 
 Sexual System of Linnaeus ; comprehend- 
 ing the genera of plants, which possessive 
 separate male organs, or stamens. PENTAN- 
 DRE, adj., pentandrous : an epithet gene- 
 rally designative ofplants, Plantespentan- 
 dres,F., whose flowers. flores pentanclri, 
 L.,funfm'dnnige Bliithen, G., exhibit 
 Jive stamens ; specifically, of those which, 
 as Centunculus pentandrus, although not 
 systematically arranged in Class, Pentan- 
 dria, are distinguished, from their congen- 
 ers, by possession of the pentandrous cha- 
 racter. PENTANDRICIUE, adj., pentan- 
 dricus, L.: belonging to Class, Pentandria. 
 
 PENTAPETALE, adj., v^ra-rirnKas, 
 
 funfblumenblattrig, G., pentapetalous : 
 an epithet, in Botany, designative ofplants 
 whose corolla, as that of Nelumbium penta- 
 petalum, is composed of Jive petals. PENTA- 
 
 PHYLLE, adj., 5rjv7-a<puXXaf, funfblatt- 
 
 rig, G., pentaphyllous : of plants whose 
 leaves, as those oflndifjoferapentaphylla,con- 
 sist of five leaflets. When applied to a ca- 
 lyx, synon. with PENTASEPALE,adj., pen- 
 
 431 
 
 PER 
 
 tasepalus, fiinfkelchblattrig pentasepa- 
 lous : composed of Jive calyx-leaves, or sepals. 
 
 PENTASPERME, adj., pentaspermus 
 (a-vTa,five, fri^a,, seed),L., fiinfsaamig, 
 G., pentaspermous : an epithet designa- 
 tive of fruits, and of the plants, as Hibiscus 
 pentaspermus,vfhich produce them,contain- 
 ingfive seeds. PENTASTYLE,adj., penta- 
 stylus (same, and a-ruXaf, a shaft or style), 
 L. : of an ovary surmounted by five styles. 
 
 PEPIN, s. m., granum, n. L., der Pi- 
 pin, G., pippin : the vulgar designation 
 of seeds contained in the centre of certain 
 succulent fruits, as the apple and pear. 
 
 PEPONIDE, s. f., peponida, f., peponi- 
 um,n. L., die Kurbis-, Giirkenfrucht,G. : 
 in Botany, the designation of the pulpy and 
 many-celled fruit produced by the Cucurbi- 
 taceee, see COURGE. 
 
 PEPSIE, s. f., see DIGESTION. PEP- 
 TiQUE,adj., peptic : an epithet applied to 
 remedies, remeaiapept ica, L., Verdauung 
 befordernde Mittel, G., which are calcu- 
 lated to facilitate the process of digestion. 
 
 PERApfcTALEjS.m., perapetalum,n.L..: 
 PERAPHYLLE, s. m., peraphyllum,n.L.: 
 terms employed, by Moench, to respective- 
 ly designate the appendages which exist on 
 the corollcB, and calyces, of certain plants ; 
 as the filaments of the corolla of Menyan- 
 thes; and thescteof theca/y# of Scutellaria. 
 
 PERCE-CRANE, s. m.: in Obstetrics, an 
 instrument constructed for the perforation 
 of the cranium of the foetus, in difficult 
 parturition. 
 
 PERCEPTION, s. f., F. and E., percep- 
 tio, f. L., das Empfindungsvermogen, die 
 Wahrnehmung, G.: in Physiology, the 
 sensation experienced by the brain, of an 
 impression made upon some other organ, 
 commonly an organ of sense. 
 
 PERCHE, s.f., Perca.f.L., der Barsch, 
 G., the Perch : in Ichthyology, a genus 
 of Osseous Fishes; belonging to the First 
 Order, Acanthopterygii, of Cuvier, Thoraci- 
 ci, of Linnaeus ; characterized by the pos- 
 session of seven gill-rays, and two dorsal 
 fins ; and constituting the type of the Fa- 
 mily of the Perches, .PERCHIDES, ou PER- 
 COIDES, s. m., Perchidee, vel Percoides,!^ 
 The flesh of the river-perch, P. de riviere, 
 P. fiuviatilis, fi wigxv, of the Greeks, 
 der Flussbarsch, G., is much prized as an 
 article of diet. 
 
 PERCUSSION, s. f. F., and E., percussio, 
 f. L., der Schlag, die Erschvitterung, G. : 
 in Physics, the action by which one body 
 strikes another. Percussion of the thoracic 
 parietes constitutes, in diseases of the heart 
 and lungs, an important instrument of di- 
 agnosis. It was first proposed by Awen- 
 brugger, of Vienna, and revived by the ce- 
 lebrated Corvisart ; who translated into 
 French, and enriched with notes, the al- 
 most forgotten work of the German Pro-
 
 PER 
 
 fessor. See Nouvelle Methode pour recon- 
 noitre les Maladies internes de la Poitrine 
 par la Percussion de cede Cavite ; trad., et 
 comments, par Corvisart, Qvo. Paris, 1808. 
 
 PERDRIX, s. f. : in Ornithology, former- 
 ly a species belonging to Telrao ; but, in 
 modern Systems, the designation of a dis- 
 tinct genus of Birds, of the Family, Tetra- 
 tmldcR, and Order Rasores ; of which the 
 common Partridge, Perdix cinerea ( Tetr. 
 perdix, Linn.), la P. grise, a & h -jr'i$t\, 
 gemeines oder graues Feldhuhn, G., cele- 
 brated for the delicious flavour, and diges- 
 tibility, of its flesh, constitutes the type. 
 
 PERFOLIE, adj., durchblattert, G., 
 pertbliate : an epithet designative, in Bo- 
 tany, of leaves, which, placed opposite to 
 each other, and united at their base, appear 
 as though perforated by the stem ; and of 
 plants which, as Chlora perfoliata, and Bu- 
 pleurum perfoliatum,h&ve leaves so perforat- 
 ed: in Entomology, of antennae, Anten- 
 nes perfoliees, durchwachsene Fuhlhorner, 
 G., which, as those of Dermestes and Hy- 
 drophilus, exhibit the perfoliated structure. 
 
 PERFORANT,adj., <lurchbohrend,G., 
 perforating : an epithet, in Anatomy, de- 
 signative of muscles whose tendons, as those 
 of Flexor digitorum (mantis et pedis) pro- 
 fundus perforans, pass through slits in the 
 tendons of other muscles, see PERFORE ; 
 and divers arteries, les Arteres perforantes, 
 die durchbohrenden Schlagadern, G., as, 
 1., in the hand, branches of the deep-seated 
 palmar arch, which penetrate the adjacent 
 muscles and interosseous spaces ; 2. in the 
 thigh, those of the profunda femoris, which 
 perforate the great Adductor muscle; and, 
 3. in the foot, the anterior and superior 
 branches of the plantar arch. 
 
 PERFORE, adj., durchbohrt, durchloch- 
 ert, G. .perforated : an epithet, in Anato- 
 my, employed to designate certain muscles 
 whose tendons, as those of Flexor digito- 
 rum (manus et pedis) sublimis perforatus, 
 exhibit slits for the transit of the tendons 
 of other muscles, see PERFORANT ; or 
 muscles whose fibres axe perforated, as those 
 of Coraco-brachialis, hence termed, M, 
 perfor6 de Casserius, Perforatus Casserii, 
 L., by a conspicuous nerve, see Mus- 
 cuto-CuTANE. In Zoology, and Botany, 
 the organs of animals and plants, which, 
 as the elytron ofCassidaperforata ; the sum- 
 mit of the hairs of Urtica dioica, the stigma 
 of Lilium,saad leafofHypericum perforatum, 
 das durchstochene Johanniskraut, G., 
 exhibit real or apparent perforations. 
 
 PERIANTHS, s. m., peranthium (a-tgi, 
 about, arti, a flower), L., die Blumen- 
 decke, G., perianth : a term applied, by 
 Linnaeus, to every kind of calyx or involu- 
 crum ; by modern Botanists, to the whole 
 envelope of the sexual organs of plants, in- 
 cluding calyx and corolla, when both exist. 
 432 
 
 PER 
 
 , S. f., fl #li 
 
 riblepsis, f. L., das Umhersehen, G. : a 
 term literally signifying the act of looking 
 around; butemployed,in Pathology, to de- 
 signate the wild and erratic gaze of the de- 
 lirious, das angstliche Umhersehen der 
 Delirirenden, G. 
 
 PERIBROSE, s. f., peribrosis, f. (vigiSgu- 
 <r;;,corrosion),L., dieAugenliederzerfres- 
 sung, G. : ulceration of the eye-lids. 
 
 PERICARDE, s. m., TO xi^x.a.^iw, pe- 
 ricardium, n. L., der Herzbeutel, G.: in 
 Anatomy, the fibre-serous and socle-like 
 membrane which envelopes, without includ- 
 ing in its cavity, the heart, and the com- 
 mencement, or termination, of the large 
 blood-vessels which emanate from, or re- 
 turn to, that organ. The Pericardium is 
 ordinarily distinguished into two portions : 
 the adherent, le P. adhdrent, F. ; and the 
 loose or reflected, le P- reflechi. 
 
 PERICARDITE, s. f., pericarditis, f. L., 
 die Herzbeutelentziindung, G. : inflam- 
 mation of the pericardium; of which two va- 
 rieties, the acute and chronic, P. aigue et 
 chronique, are distinguished in practice. 
 
 PERICARPE, s. m., ro m^x.u.^'jriw, peri- 
 carpium, n. L., pericarp, seed-vessel: in 
 Botany, the general envelope of the seeds of 
 plants. It is composed, in proceeding from 
 the interior to periphery, of three distinct 
 structures, VEndo-, Sarco-, et Epicarpe. 
 The term, pericarp, is, also, applied to the 
 urn of the Mosses, die Moosbiichse, G. 
 
 PERICHESE, s. m., perichzetium, n. L., 
 der Mooskelch,G . : the involucrum which 
 surrounds the base of the pedicel of the 
 urn of the Mosses. It is the Pericole, Pe- 
 risyphe, Perocide, Calice, et Perigone, of di- 
 vers French botanical writers. 
 
 PERICHOXDRE, s. m., perichondrium, 
 n. (n-sj/, about, ^svSjaj, a cartilage), L,.. 
 die Knorpelhaut, das Perichondrium, G. : 
 in Anatomy, the fibrous membrane which 
 invests the non-articular cartilages. 
 
 PERICLIITANTHE, ou PERICLINE, s. m., 
 periclinium, n. (*/, around, x/v, a 
 bed), L., der Hullkelch, die Kelchhiille, 
 G. : in Botany, the assemblage of bracteee 
 which surround the inflorescence of the 
 Syngenesice; corresponding with the com- 
 mon calyx, of Linnaeus, and Periphoranthe,of 
 Richard. PERICLINIFORBIE, adj., peri- 
 cliniformis, L., hiillkelchformig, peri- 
 cliniform : exhibiting the figure, or charac- 
 ters, of the periclyne. 
 
 PERICRANE, s. m., TO vripxg v/v, peri- 
 cranium, n. L. : in Anatomy, the perioste- 
 um which invests the exterior of the crani- 
 al bones, die Beinhaut der Hirnschah, G. 
 
 PERIDIOX, s. m., peridium, n. (jenftui, 
 a small sack), L. : in Botany, the conceptn- 
 cle of the spores of certain Fungi, die 
 Hiille od. der Umschlag, der Bauchpilze 
 (Gastromyci), G.
 
 PER 
 
 PERIOONE, s. m., perigonium, n. (v^i, 
 around, yvw, the seed), L.: in Botany, the 
 perianth, or corolla, die Blumen-, Bluth- 
 en-, Samenhiille, G., resulting from uni- 
 on of the calyx and petals in their whole 
 extent; as exhibited in the Liliacea: Hed- 
 wig schlug vor die Blumenkrone,Pm<70m- 
 um internum; den Kelch, P. extemum, zu 
 nennen.G.: also.thepencfoEZw/woftheMos- 
 ses. In Zoology, the exterior envelope of the 
 eggs of Birds, when simply membranous. 
 
 PERiGYNE,adj., perigynus (vip, about, 
 yuw, a female), L., perigynisch, G., pe- 
 rigynous : an epithet, in Botany, applied 
 to petal, or corolla, when implanted, as in 
 Campanula, around the ovary ; and to sta- 
 mens, stamina perigyna, L., die perigy- 
 nischen Staubfaden, G., which as those of 
 the Rosacece, are inserted around thepistil. 
 
 PERIGYNIOJT, s. m., perigynium, n. L., 
 perigyne ; the membranous or cartilagin- 
 ous vesicle which, in Carex, surrounds the 0- 
 vary; and is perforated, at the summit, for 
 the passage of the style. 
 
 PEHINEAL, adj., perinaeus, L.: regard- 
 ing, or belonging to, the perintBum, dasPe- 
 rin'dum betreffend, dazu gehorig, G. : an 
 epithet employed, in Anatomy, to desig- 
 nate, 1. an Artery, Artere perineale, arte- 
 ria perintei^L., die Damischlagader,G., 
 supplied by the internal pudic ; and 2. an 
 aperture, the inferior or perineal, Detroit 
 perineal du bassin, as opposed, in aspect, 
 to the superior, or abdominal , of the hu- 
 man pelvis : in Pathology, Hernia, Hemie 
 perineale, der .Dawiwzbruch, G., of ; 
 and a variety of ischury, Ischurie perine- 
 ale, consequent on a tumor which occu- 
 pies the perineal region. See 
 
 PERINEE, s. m., o tfi/>ivaios, TO ^riplvmv, 
 perinaeum, n. L., Perinaum, der Damm, 
 der Zwischenraum zwischen dem After 
 und den Schaamtheilen, G. : in Anatomy, 
 the triangular interspace situated between 
 the anus and organa genitalia ; and divid- 
 ed by a mesial line, see RAPHE. PERINE- 
 OCELE,S. f., perinaeocele.f. (KIWW, xfan, 
 rupture), hernia perincei, L., PERINEAL. 
 
 PERiNEO-CLiTORiDiEH,adj.: an epithet 
 applied, by Chaussier, to the Sphincter va- 
 gina muscle, see CONSTRICTEUR ; as be- 
 longing alike to perinaum and clitoris. 
 
 PERIODIQUE, adj., f^toltxo;, periodi- 
 cus, L., periodisch, G., periodical: an e- 
 pithet designative, in Physiology, and Pa- 
 thology, of natural and morbid phenomena 
 which, as the menstrual discharge of wo- 
 man, the paroxysm of intermittent fever 
 and of certain cerebral and neuralgic affec- 
 tions, recur at a fixed period, PERIODE, s. 
 f., periodus, m. L., die Periode, G. : a 
 term literally signifying, in the Greek ori- 
 ginal, o vtgioSos, the act of going round. 
 
 PERIORHITE,S. m,, periorbita.f. L. : an 
 hybrid compound of the Greek, vi^ <,and La- 
 
 433 
 
 PER 
 
 tin, orbita; employed to designate that por- 
 tion of periosteum, die Augenhohlenhaut, 
 G., which invests the cavity of the orbit. 
 Periorbitis, s. f. L. : according to Kraus, in- 
 flammation of the orbitar periosteum, die 
 Entziindung der Augenhohlenhaut, G. 
 
 PERIOSTE, s. m., ro -xteioffriov, perios- 
 teum,n.L., - dieBein-od.Knochenhaut,G.: 
 in Anatomy, the fibrous membrane which 
 invests all the bones of the skeleton, except 
 the crown of each tooth, where they do 
 not exhibit a cartilaginous surface. PE- 
 RIOSTITE, s. f., periosteitis, vel periostit- 
 is, f. L., die Beinhautentziindung, G.: 
 inflammation of the periosteum. PERIOS- 
 TOSE, s. f., periostosis, f. L., die Knoch- 
 engeschwullst, G.: a swelling consequent 
 on tumefaction of that membrane. 
 
 PERIPHERIE, s. f., n vi^tipi^ia, peri- 
 pheria, f. L., die Peripherie, G., peri- 
 phery : the circumference, or external com- 
 pass, der aussere Umfang, of a body. 
 
 PERiPHORANTHE,s.m., periphoranthi- 
 um,n. (#1$, around, tpigu, to bear, >&?, 
 flower), L.: a term, in Botany, synon. with 
 calyx communis, of Linnaeus, and Piricline, 
 of Cassini. 
 
 PEHIPNEUMONIE, s. f., fi vrtixnv/j.ovia, 
 Ion. vigiv)t.ii>fti>iita, peripneumonia,velpe- 
 ripleumonia, f. L. Syn. with PNEUMONIE. 
 
 PERISPERME, s. m., perispermium, n. 
 (*/, about, <rftci, the seed), L., peri- 
 sperm: a term, in Botany, employed, by 
 Richard, to designate the proper envelope of 
 a seed, since distinguished as EPISPERME : 
 by Jussieu, amass of cellular tissue, albu- 
 men vegetabile, medulla seminis, placen- 
 ta seminalis, et secundinse externae, of di- 
 vers Latin writers, and der Eiweisskbrper, 
 of the Germans, which accompanies the 
 vegetable embryo; and, during the process 
 of germination, supplies to the cotyledons, 
 for the sustenance of the young plant, the 
 organized matter wherewith its cells are 
 filled. PERisPERME,adj.: furnished with a 
 perisperm. 
 
 PERISPORE, s. m., perisporium, n. (- 
 f/, about, ffiragx, the seed), L.: in Botany, 
 the receptacle of the sporules of the Crypto- 
 gamous ; corresponding, in function, with 
 the pericarp of phanerogamous plants. 
 
 PERISTALTIQUE,adj., fi^i<rra^.rixos(vfl' 
 
 pffriKXu, to contract), peristaltic : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Physiology, to the contrac- 
 tile movement of the bowels, motus peri- 
 stalticus intestinorum, L., die wurmform- 
 ige Bewegung der Darme.G., upon them- 
 selves, see PERISTOLE. 
 
 PERISTAPHYLIN, adj., peristaphylinus 
 (vi%i, about, ffratpfari, the uvula), L., peri- 
 staphyline : an epithet employed, in Ana- 
 tomy, to designate two muscles of the pa- 
 late; as, 1. Muscle peristaphylin interne ou 
 superieur ( PETRO-STAPHYLIN, Ch.), 
 Levator palati, PeratapA.internus, L., der 
 
 2F
 
 PER 
 
 Gaumenheber,G.; and, 2. M. peristaph. ex- 
 terneou inferieur ( PTERYGO-STAPHYLIN, 
 Ch.), Circumflexus palati, Peristaph. ex- 
 ternus, der Gaumenspanner, G. 
 
 PEHISTAPHYLI-PHARYNGIEN, s. m., and 
 ad j ., peristaphyli-pharyngseus, L. : a term 
 applied, by Winslow, to a portion of the 
 Musculus palato-pharyngseus, see PALA- 
 TO-PHARYNGIEN, of other Anatomists. 
 
 PERISTOLE, s. f. F., et L.., fi Trt^iffro^ . 
 the peristaltic motion, die peristaltische Be- 
 wegung, G., of the intestines. 
 
 PERISTOME, s. m., perisloma, n. (vifi, 
 around, a-repa, a mouth), L.., der Mund- 
 rand, G. : in Botany, the margin, simple 
 or double, ciliated or dentate, which ordin- 
 arily surrounds the orifice of the urn of the 
 Mosses, dieMiindungderMoosbiichse, 
 after separation of calyptre and opercule. 
 
 PERISYSTOLE, s. i. } perisystole, f. L. : 
 the interval which occurs between the sy- 
 stole and diastole of the heart. 
 
 PERITOINE, s. m., ro vrtgirot/aiov, rt^iTa- 
 v.uv, peritonaeum, n. L., das Bauchfell, 
 Peritonaum, G. : in Anatomy, the serous 
 membrane ; which, lining the parietes of 
 the abdominal cavity, invests wholly, or 
 in part, the contained organs. 
 
 PERiTONACRixis,s.f., peritonseorrhex- 
 is, f. (?/Tova/v, pril's, rupture), L. : rup- 
 ture,or, according to the French Lexicogra- 
 phers, hernia through a rupture, of the per- 
 iton<um, die Zerreissung&es Bauchfells, G. 
 
 PERITONEAL, adj., peritonaeus, perito- 
 neicus, L. : belonging to, or implicating, 
 the peritoneum, das Bauchfell betreff'end, 
 dazu gehorig, G. ; as, in Anatomy, the per- 
 itoneal or abdominal cavity, Cavitc perito- 
 neale, F., die Bauchhb'hle, G. ; in Patho- 
 logy, peritoneal inflammation, inflamma- 
 tio peritoncei, L., see 
 
 PERITONITE, s. f., peritonitis, f. L. , 
 die Bauchfellentziindung, G., inflamma- 
 tion of the peritonaeum. Of this, five spe- 
 cies, or varieties, are distinguished in prac- 
 tice: theacwteand chronic, P.aigit'eet chro- 
 nique, ^determined by the character ; 
 the partial, and general, partielle, et gene- 
 rale, ~Entz.desBauchfellsund seiner Fort- 
 satzungen, G., by the extent of the dis- 
 ease ; and the puerperal, puerperale, by 
 the sex, and circumstances, of the patient. 
 
 PERITROPE,adj., peritrOpUS^Sf/Tjofl-aw, 
 
 to turn round, or revolve), L. : an epithet 
 applied, by Richard, to seeds, whose axis is 
 directed towards the sides of the pericarp. 
 
 PERLE, s. f., margarita, f. L. : a popu- 
 lar designation, or synonym, 1. of albugo ; 
 and, 2. of an abscessof the transparent cor- 
 nea, which exhibits the aspect of pearl, 
 see NACRE ; and, 3. of PTERYGION. 
 
 PERLE, adj., perlatus, L.: an epithet spe- 
 cifically designative, in Zoology, of animals 
 whose bodies, as that of Coluber margarita- 
 eeus, are covered with spots ; in Botany, 
 
 434 
 
 PER 
 
 of plants whose organs, as the leaf of Aloe 
 margarilifera, exhibit minute eminences, 
 resemblingpear/: in Pharmacy, a prepara- 
 tion of barley, see ORGE. 
 
 PERMEABILITE, s. f., permeabilitas, f. 
 L., die Durchdringlichkeit, G.: in Phy- 
 sics, the property, possessed by certain bo- 
 dies, of allowing other bodies to pass through 
 them. PERMEABLE,adj., permeabilis,L., 
 durchdringbar, G. : possessing permeabi- 
 lity; as glass, by the rays of light, and pa- 
 per, and other porous bodies, by water. 
 
 PERNICIEUX, adj., verderblich, G., 
 pernicious : an epithet applied, by French 
 Pathologists, to a group of fevers, Fievres 
 pernicicuses, F., febres perniciosee, L,., of 
 the intermittent and remittent type ; and of 
 such intensity as to terminate in death af- 
 ter the recurrence of a few paroxysms. 
 
 PERONE, s. m., crejavsj, fibula, f. L., 
 das Wadenbein, G. : in Anthropotomy, 
 the lesser or splint-bone, situated on the 
 exterior side of the leg. Its superior extre- 
 mity, termed, also, Tete du perone, capitu- 
 lum fibulae, L., is articulated, above, with 
 the tibia: its inferior, or tar sal ,with the ti- 
 bia and astragalus, below; and there consti- 
 tutes the external ancle, see MALLEOLE. 
 Developed by three points of ossification. 
 
 PERCWEO-MALLEOLAIRE, adj., peron- 
 seo-malleolaris, L.: an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the external saphena vein, 
 see SAPHENE. 
 
 PERONEO-PHALANGIXIEN du gros orteil, 
 Peronceo-phalanginianusma.'zimi digiti pe- 
 dis, L.: PERONEO-SOUS-PHALANGETTIEN 
 du premier orteil, Peronteo-infra-phalanget- 
 tianus primi digiti pedis, L. : epithets re- 
 spectively employea,byDumas,and Chaus- 
 sier, to designate the Flexor longus polli- 
 cis muscle; as extending from ihejibula, 
 PERONE, to the extreme phalanx, PHAL- 
 ANGETTE, of the great, or first toe. 
 
 PEROVEO-SOUS-TARSIEN, s. m., pcro- 
 ntso-infra-tarsianus, I>. : a term employed, 
 by Chaussier, to designate the Peronceus 
 longus muscle ; as extending from the fibu- 
 la, PERONE, to the base of the first meta- 
 tarsal bone. PERONEO-SUS-METATARSIEN 
 grand, et petit, PeroncEO-supra-metatarsia- 
 nus major, et minor, L. : by the same, the 
 Peroneeits brevis, et tertius, respectively : as 
 both attached, on theonehandjtothe^M&r, 
 and, on the other, to the base of the fifth, 
 or last, metatarsal bone. See PERONIER. 
 
 PERONEO-SuS-PHALANGETTIENCOWJTOWff, 
 
 s. m., Peron&o-supra-phalangettianus com- 
 munis, L. : a term applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the Extensor longus digitorum pedis 
 muscle, seeExTENSEUR, 7- dupouce, 
 
 pollicis pedis, L.: to Extensor propri- 
 
 us pollicis pedis, see EXTENSEUR, 6. The 
 former of these muscles constitutes le PER- 
 
 ONEO-TlBI-SuS-PHALANGETTIENCOTniWMM, 
 
 Peronao-libi-supra-phalangettianiis com-
 
 PER 
 
 munis, .. . ; the latter, le PEROVEO-SUS- 
 PHALANGINIEN du pouce, Peronao-supra- 
 phalanyiniamis pollicis, of Dumas. 
 
 PERONEO/TIBIAL, adj., peronseo-tibia- 
 lis, Li. : an epithet applied to the articula- 
 tions, Art. ptroneo-tibiales, which exist 
 between the fibula, PERONE, and tibia, 
 at their superior and inferior extremities. 
 
 PERONIER, adj., peronaeus, L., pero- 
 neal : an epithet employed, in Anatomy, 
 to designate organs which are attached to, 
 or occupy the region of, the fibula, seePE- 
 RONE ; as, 1. certain Muscles, M . peroniers, 
 F., of which there are, a. the great, long, 
 or first, Peronier grand, lateral long ( PE- 
 
 RONfeO-SlJS-TARSIEN, Ch.), F., PeroiUBllS 
 
 longus, vel primus, L., langer Wadenbein- 
 muskeljG. ; b. the short, or second, P. moy- 
 cn, lateral court ( grand Pe'rone'o-Sus-Me'- 
 tatarsien), P. brevis, velsecundus, kur- 
 zerWadenbeinm\iske\; and, c. the anterior, 
 or third, P. anterieure ou petit( petit Pe'- 
 roneVSus-Metatars.), P. tertius, drit- 
 
 ter Wadenbeinmuskel : 2 an Artery, die 
 
 Wadenbeinsch\aga&er,G., supplied by the 
 popliteal ; and dividing, near the external 
 malleolus, into a posterior and anterior 
 branch, Artere peroniere posterieure et an- 
 terieure ; and a Vein, vena peroncea, cor- 
 responding, in distribution, with the artery : 
 and, 4. a Nerve, Nervus peronaeus, vel fi- 
 bularis, L.; of which the anterior tibial, 
 tiefer Wadenbeinnerv , of the Germans, is 
 a deep-seated branch. 
 
 PEROXIDE, s. m., -peroxydum, n. L., 
 das Peroxyd, G. : in Chemistry, the com- 
 bination of a simple body, as the Peroxide 
 of iron, with the largest proportion of oxy- 
 gen which it is capable of absorbing, 
 
 PERSIL, s. m.: a species, in Botany, be- 
 longing to genus, Apium, see ACHE. The 
 roots of common parsley, A. pelroselinum, 
 TO o-sXivav, die gemeine Petersilie, G., 
 are diuretic ; and the seeds, from the essen- 
 tial oil which they contain, stimulant. 
 
 PERSIST AN T,adj., persistens,L., blei- 
 bend, dauernd, G. : an epithet applied, in 
 Botany, to the organs or plants, which, as 
 the leaf of the Evergreens, do not fall in 
 autumn. From the circumstance of their 
 surviving the ordinary period of detach- 
 ment in other plants, the spatha of Arum, 
 the perianth of Hyoscyamus, the style of A- 
 nemonc pulsatilla, and calyx of the Labiates, 
 are denominated persistent : as, also, in Zo- 
 ology, from their permanency, the six ante- 
 rior feet of the caterpillar, see FAUX. 
 
 PERSONE, adj., personatus, Li., mas- 
 kirt, verlarvt,G., masked : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Botany, to designate a monope- 
 talous bilabiate corolla, c. personata, Ij., 
 die Maskeriblume, G., which, as that of 
 Antirrhinum majus, exhibits a rude resem- 
 blance to the mask, or muzzle, of an ani- 
 mal : also, a Family of Plants, PERSO- 
 435 
 
 PET 
 
 NE"ES, s. f. pi., Personat(e,\j., dieLarven- 
 bluthler,G.,_ the 40th,of the Natural Sys- 
 tem, of Linnaeus; including plants with a 
 personate corolla. 
 
 PERSPIRATION, s. f. F., and E., perspi- 
 ratio, f. L.., * liuwov, die Ausdiinstung, 
 G. : the insensible exhalation which takes 
 place from the surface of the animal body. 
 
 PERTE, s. f., loss : a popular synonym 
 of MENORRHAGIE. P. d'appetil, see A- 
 NOREXIE ; de la voix, APHONIE ; de 
 la vue, CECITE; de memoire, AMNE- 
 SIE ; de sang, HEMORRHAGIE; ute- 
 rine blanche, et rouge, LEUCORRHEE, et 
 METRO RRHAGIE. 
 
 PERTUS, adj., durchstossen,G. tan epi- 
 thet designative of lea ves, Feuillcs per fuses, 
 F., a.naplants,asDracontiumpertusum,ipos- 
 sessing leaves, which are pierced with con- 
 spicuous and irregularly distributed holes. 
 
 PERVENCHE, s. f.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Vinca (Pentandria, monogyn.; Apocynece), 
 L.., das Sinngrun, G., the Periwinkle. 
 Two of the species, la grande P., V, ma- 
 jor, grosses Sinngrun, G. ; and la Violette des 
 sorciers, V. minor, das kleine S., are re- 
 puted, by the French, to possess, respec- 
 tively, febrifuge and antihamorrhagic, and 
 vulnerary and astringent properties. 
 
 PESANTEUR,s.f., gravitas,f. L., /S- 
 %urt>s ' in Physics, synon. with GHAVITE. 
 P.speciJique,F., gr. specifica, L., die spe- 
 cifische Schwere t G., specific gravity : the 
 relation existing between the weight of a 
 body, and its volume. In Pathology, a sense 
 of heaviness in the whole, or any region, 
 or organ, of the body. 
 
 PESSAIRE, s. m., a veiinros, pessarium, 
 n. L., der Mutterkranz, das Mutterzapf- 
 chen, G., pessary : an instrument, vari- 
 ously fashioned, of wood, ivory, or elastic 
 gum ; and introduced into the vagina for 
 sustention of the uterus, in relaxation, or 
 prolapsus, of these organs. 
 
 PESTE,S. f., pestis, pestilentia, f. L., 
 a Xoipos,- die Pestilenz, G., pestilence, 
 pest : in popular language, every epidemic 
 disease, of widely-spreading and*^ destruct- 
 ive character; but, in Science,a term ordin- 
 arily restricted to the designation of typhus 
 with bubo or carbuncle. PESTiFERE,adj., 
 pestifer, L., Xo/^apogB?, pestiferous: pro- 
 ducing, or conveying, pestilence, or plague. 
 PESTILENTIEL, adj., pestilentialis, L., 
 >./>i/u,ixos, *.oift,u$vs, pestilenzialisch, pestar- 
 tig, G., pestilential : an epithet designa- 
 tive of diseases, Maladies pestilentielles, F., 
 which, in mode of propagation and char- 
 acter, exhibit an analogy with plague. 
 
 PET ALE, s. m., TO sriraXov, petalum, 
 n. L., das Blumenblatt, Kronenblatt,G., 
 petal : in Botany, the designation of eve- 
 ry piece which, perfectly distinct and un- 
 adherent at the base, enters into the consti- 
 tution of a corolla, seeCoROLLE. PET ALE, 
 2F 2
 
 PET 
 
 adj., petalatus,L.: exhibiting a corolla, of 
 one or more petals. See APETALE. 
 
 PETALIFORME, PETALOIDE, adj.. *tra- 
 xSj, petaliformis, petaloideus, L., blu- 
 menkronenblattformig, oder -ahnlich, G., 
 petaliform, petaloid : epithets designat- 
 ive, in Botany, of organs of plants which, 
 as the calyx of Thalictrum petaloideum, the 
 filament of Maranta arnndinacea, nectary of 
 Tilia alba, perianth of Ixia, spatha of Calla 
 Ethiopica, and the stigma of Iris, exhibit the 
 form, structure, or colouring, of the vetal. 
 PETALIN, adj., petaline : an epithet ap- 
 plied, by Desvaux, to the nectary of plants, 
 nectarium/>e<a/tnw7n,L., when situated, 
 as in Ranunculus, upon the petal. 
 
 PETASITE, s. f. : in Botany, a species of 
 Tussilago, see TUSSILAGE. 
 
 PETECHIAL, adj., petechialis, L. : exhi- 
 biting, as a petechial eruption, the charac- 
 ters of petechiae : accompanied, as petechial 
 fever, das Petechial- oaer FlecJcfieher,G., 
 by such eruption, see 
 
 PETECHIES, s. f.,pl., petechiae, f. L., 
 die Petechien, oder Peteschen, G. : in Pa- 
 thology, minute cutaneous spots; which, re- 
 sembling, in form and colour, a flea-bite, 
 are developed in the progress of divers a- 
 cute diseases. 
 
 PETIOLE, s. m., petiolus, m. L., der 
 Blattstiel, G., foot- or leaf-stalk : in Bota- 
 ny, the organ whereby the base of the pe- 
 tiolated leaf, gestieltes Blatt, G., is con- 
 nected with the stem, or branch. PETI- 
 OLfc, adj., petiolatus, L., gestielt, G., 
 petiolated: connected by a stalk or petiole; 
 as, in Botany, the leafofPanicumpetiolatum, 
 and the cotyledon ofJEsculus hippocastanum ; 
 inZoology,theabdomenofthefIymenopte- 
 ra, see SESSILE. PETioLULE,s.m., pe- 
 liolulus,m.L., das Blattstielchen,G.: the 
 foot-stalk of the leaflet of a compound leaf. 
 
 PETIT-LAIT, s.m.i serum lactis, L., 
 die Alolken, G., whey. 
 
 PETRK, PETREUX, adj., petrosus, L. : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to a por- 
 tion, Pars petrosa, vel saxea, L., das Fel- 
 smtheil, G., Ospitreux, A pophy se pyr 'ami- 
 dale ( petree, Chauss.), ou le ROCHEH, of 
 French anatomical writers, of the tempo- 
 ral bone : and, 2. two venous sinuses of the 
 dura mater,distinguished,from their situa- 
 tion, relative and actual, into the superior 
 and inferior petrous, le Sinus petreu x supe- 
 rieur, et inferieur, F., oberer und unterer 
 -Fefeenblutleiter, G. 
 
 PETRO-OCCIPITAL, adj.: an epithet de- 
 signative of the suture, Sutura petro-occi- 
 pitalls, L., or, more properly, deep groove 
 filled up by a thin layer of cartilage, which 
 exists between the petrous portion of the 
 temporal , and the occipital bone. 
 
 PETRO-SALPINGO-PHARYNGIEN, adj., 
 petro-salpingo-pharyngaeus, L. : an epithet 
 applied, by Sabatier, to & fasciculus, ofmus* 
 
 436 
 
 PHA 
 
 cular fibres, which extends from the petrous 
 portion of the temporal , the sphenoid 
 bone, and Eustachian tube, to the pharynx. 
 PETRO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLIN, adj., pe- 
 tro-salpingo-staphylinus, L.: the designa- 
 tion, by Dumas, of the Levator palati mus- 
 cle, see PERI- et PETRO-STAPHYLIN. 
 
 PETRO-SpHENoiDAL,adj.: an epithet ap- 
 plied to the suture, Sutura petro-sphenoi- 
 dalis,'L., which connects the anterior bor- 
 der of the petrous portion of the temporal 
 , with the posterior of the sphenoid bone. 
 PETRO-STAPHYLIN, adj., petro-staphyli- 
 nus, L.: an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the Levator palati muscle, see PERI- 
 STAPHYLIN; as extending frompctrouspor- 
 tion of the temporal bone to velum palati. 
 
 PETROLE, ou PETREOLE, s. m., petro- 
 lseum,n.(5TTfas, a rock,s'Xa/o, oil), L., das 
 Steinol, Bergol, G.: liquid mineral bitu- 
 men, a natural production of divers coun- 
 tries; reputed antispasmodic and vermifuge. 
 
 PETROMYZON, s. m. F., et L. : a genus 
 ofCartilaginousFishes; belonging to the Fa- 
 mily Cyclostomes, see Regne Animal, \. ii., 
 p. 405, of Cuvier; and constituting the 
 type of the PetromyzidtE, PETROMYZIDES, 
 s. m., pi., of later Ichthyologists. The 
 three species, commonly described, are, 1. 
 the Sea-Lamprey, P. marinus, la grande 
 LamproieJ?., die L,amprete,G.; 2. the Ri- 
 ver-, or Lampern, P. fluviatilis, L. de ri- 
 viere, die Flusslamprete, das Neunauge ; 
 and, 3. the Fnnge-lipped, or Planer's, P. 
 Planeri, petite L. de riviere: all much priz- 
 ed for their dietetic properties. The Pride, 
 or Mud-lamprey, P. branchialis, Linn., 
 Lampnllon, F., der Querder, G., separ- 
 ated from the " true Lampreys," now con- 
 stitutes the Ammoccetes branchialis, Cuv. 
 
 PEDPLiERjS.m.: a genus, in Botany,Po- 
 pulus (Dioecia, octandr.; Amentace(B),ii., 
 die Pappel, G., the Poplar. From the 
 buds of one of the species, P.nigra, le P. 
 noire, F., die schwarze Pappel, G., "- 
 ytigos, of the Greeks, exudes the resinous 
 substance which constitutes the basis of 1'- 
 Omjuent populeum,~F., and is eulogized, as 
 an internal remedy, in chronic affections of 
 the lungs : and a second, P. balsamifera, 
 leP.baum ier, die "Balsampappel, furnish- 
 es the glutinous resin, termed Tacamahac. 
 
 PHAGEDENIQ.UE, adj., QaytSaivixos, 
 
 phagsedenicus,L., fressend, atzend,G., 
 phagedenic: an epithet employed, in Path- 
 ology, to designate a corroding ulcer, py \- 
 &MM, Ulcere rongeant, phagedtenajii,., 
 einums/cA/ressewrffsGeschwiir.G.. in The- 
 rapeutics, corrosive remedies, see CORRO- 
 SIF ; as VEau phagedenique, Aquaphagedai- 
 nica, of French practice. 
 
 PHALACROSE, s. f., ^ paA.axj&/<r/j, pha- 
 lacrosis, f. L., die Kalheit, G., baldness. 
 
 PHALANGE, s.f., h paAay, phalanx, f. 
 L.: a term employed, in Anatomy, to de-
 
 PHA 
 
 signate the small bones phalanges of the 
 
 fingers and toes, / rut $axrv*.ai><pci).ayyis, 
 j0Aa/an0esdigitorum manus et pedis,L., 
 die Gliedcrreihen der Finger und Zehen.G. 
 The nu mber is fourteen, in every limb : each 
 of the fingers, and last four or lesser toes, 
 possessing three; and the thumb, and first 
 or great toe, two only. Thejirst phalanges 
 of the fingers are termed the metacarpalf 
 seeMETACARPiEN; those of the toes, me- 
 tatarsal, METATARSIEN: the second, or 
 middle, deficient in the thumb and first toe, 
 are, in the Anatomical Nomenclature of 
 Chaussier, named PHALANGINE ; and the 
 last, or unguiferous, Ph.ungeales,ouungui- 
 feres,F., PHAL ANGET T E . 
 
 PHALANGETTE, s. f., see PHALANGE. 
 PHALANGETTiEN,adj., phalangettianus, 
 L.: relating to the last or unguiferous phalang- 
 es of fingers and toes. See CUBITO-, et Ti- 
 
 BIO-SlTS-PHALANGETTlEN. 
 
 PHALANGiEN,adj., phalangianus,L., 
 phalangian : pertaining to the phalanges of 
 the fingers and toes, more especially, the 
 first, metacarpal, and metatarsaL 
 
 PHALANGINE, s. f., see PHALANGE. 
 PHALANGiNiEN,adj., phalanginianus,L.: 
 pertaining to the second phalanx, phalan- 
 ffine, of the fingers and toes. 
 
 PHALANGOSE,S. f., fi <paAayyw<r/;, pha- 
 langosis,f. L. : 1. a morbid affection of the 
 eye ; resulting from irritation of the con- 
 junctiva by the posterior hairs of a double 
 or triple row of eye-lashes : 2. falling of 
 the upper eye-lid, from atony, or paralysis, 
 of Levator palpebrse superioris muscle. 
 
 PHALENIDES, s. m., pi., Phalenida, L., 
 die Phalanen,Nachtschmetterlinge, G. : 
 a Family, or Sub-Order, of Lepidopterous 
 Insects; having, for type, the genus, Phalce- 
 na (<pAa/v, a moth), L. 
 
 PHALLALGIE,S. f. F.,andG., phallalgia, 
 F. (0aAAV, membrum virile, uKyos, dolor), 
 L., der Schmerz im m'dnnlichen Gliede, G., 
 dolor : PHALLOCARciNOME,s.m., der 
 Krebs des m'dnnlichen Gliedes, G., carciwo- 
 ma (xa.t>xit/iufia.) membri virilis, L. 
 
 PHALLORRHAGiE,s.f., phallorrhagia, f. 
 (paAAos, and priywpi, to burst forth), L., 
 eine heftige Blutung aus dem m'dnnlichen 
 Gliede, G., Vhemorrhagie de la verge, F. 
 PHALLORRHEE,S. f., phallorrhoea,f. (same, 
 and piw, to flow), L. : synon. with BLEN- 
 
 NORRHEE. 
 
 PHANEROGAME,adj., phanerogamus((pa- 
 VEJOJ, apparent, ya.ft.os, marriage), L., pha- 
 nerogamous : an epithet, in Botany, desig- 
 native of plants, plantre phanerogamte, L., 
 die Phanerogamen, G. ; which, as those 
 included in the first twenty -three Classes, 
 of the Artificial System of Linnaeus, have 
 the sexual organs conspicuously developed. 
 
 PHA 
 
 L. ; distinguished, from CRYPTOGAMIE, by 
 possession of the phanerogamous character. 
 
 PHANTASME,S.m., 
 
 ATASME,S.m., rotfiavrafffta, pafl- 
 
 tasma, n. L., das Luftgebild, Trugbild, 
 G., phantom : in Pathology, a morbid phe- 
 nomenon; consequent on lesion of thebrain 
 or optic nerve ; and consisting in the per- 
 ception of objects which do not really exist. 
 
 PHARMACEUTIdUE,adj., ^ftxxturixa;, 
 
 pharmaceuticus,L pharmaceutisch,G , 
 
 pharmaceutical : pertaining to pharmacy, 
 
 PHARMACIE,S.f., Qagftaxivrixh, phar- 
 
 macia, f. L., diePharmacie, Arzeneibereit- 
 ung, Apothekerkunst, G. : the art of dis- 
 tinguishing, selecting, preserving, prepa- 
 ring, and combining, the various medicinal 
 substances. PHARBIACIEN, ou PHAHMA- 
 
 COPE, S. m., a Qa,(yAa,xius, tpagfAaxevrris, 
 
 pharmaceuta, m. L. : a professor, or prac- 
 titioner, of pharmacy, syn. with APOTHI- 
 CAIRE : ri <pKgf*t,&xiuTgia, Qagfiitxis, a female 
 apothecary. 
 
 PHARMACocHYMiE,s.f., Pharmacochy- 
 mia, f. (tpK^uaxov, a drug, ^H^S/Z, see CHI- 
 MIE), L., Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 
 die Pharmaceutische Chemie, G. 
 
 PHARMACOLOGIE, s. f., pharmacologia, 
 f. ($a.ft,a.xov, a drug, Xoyaf, a discourse), JL., 
 
 diePharmacologie,Arzneimittellehre,G.: 
 the doctrine of medicinal agents, see Paris' 
 Pharmacologia, 2 vols 8vo. London, 1838. 
 PHARMACOLOGIGIUE, adj., pharmacologi- 
 cus, L., pharmacological : pertaining to 
 pharmacology ; as Pharmakologlsche Tabel- 
 len, etc. von Schwartze, 3 vols. Fol. Leip- 
 
 zig, 1819 - 2C. PHARMACOLOGISTEjS.m., - 
 
 pharmacologus.m. L. ?, ^er Pharmacolog ? 
 ein Schriftsieller iiber Pharmacologie,G^ 
 pharmacologist, a writer on pharmacology. 
 
 PHARMACOPEE, s. f., Qagfiiaxiiiraiici, 
 pharmacopoeia, f. L., die Pharmakopoie, 
 G.: a term literally signifying the art of 
 preparing medicines ; but employed to des- 
 ignate a work which, as the admirablePAar- 
 macopcea Gallica, 4to. Paris, 1818, contains 
 a collection of medicinal formulae, with an 
 indication of the processes requisite for the 
 preparation of each agent. 
 
 PHARMACOPOLE, s. m., <pttftaxova*.y;, 
 
 pharmacopeia, m. L., der Arzneihand- 
 ler.G. : a vender ofdruys, (fu^axa. Syn- 
 on. with DHOGUISTE. 
 
 PHARYNGE, adj., see PHARYNGIEN. 
 
 PHARYNGEURYSME, s. m., pharyngeu- 
 rysma,n. (^agi/y|,the pharynx, ivgvvw, to di- 
 late), L., -die krankhafte Schlunderweit- 
 erung, G., a morbid dilatation of pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGIEN, adj., pharyngaeus.L., 
 zum Schlund gehorig, G. : pertaining to, or 
 implicating, the pharynx; as, in Anatomy, 
 1. certain muscles, M. pharyngiens, F., 
 d.ieSchlundkopfmuskeln,G seeCoNSTRic- 
 TEUR; 2. Arteries, arteriae pharyngece,^, 
 
 dieiS'cAZwnrfArtfp/schlagadern.G ofwhich, 
 a. the superior, Pharyngienne superieuret 
 
 437
 
 PHA 
 
 ou pterygo-palatine, F., is supplied by the 
 external maxillary, and, b. the inferior, 
 inferieure( ascendante, Haller), by the ex- 
 ternal carotid ; and, 3. & Nerve, Nerfpha- 
 ryngien, AerSchlundkopfnerv,G., which, 
 emanating from the pneumo-gastric,unites, 
 with filaments of the glosso-pharyngeal,su- 
 perior laryngeal, and first cervical gangli- 
 on, to constitute the pharyngeal plexus. In 
 Zoology, the osseous pieces, Os pharyngi- 
 ens,Y., by which,resting on the basis cra- 
 nii, the branchial arches of Fishes are elon- 
 gated. In Pathology,a variety of angina, 
 Angine pharyngienne, see 
 
 PHARYNGITE, s. f., pharyngitis, f. L., 
 dieSchlundentziindung.G., inflamma- 
 tion of the pharynx. PHARYNGOCELE,s.f. 
 F.,et L.: hernia, der Schlundbruch, G., 
 or, more properly, prolapsus, der Schlund- 
 fall, from inordinate dilatation, of the pa- 
 rietes of that organ. 
 
 PHARYNGO-GLOSSIEN, adj., pharyngo- 
 glossianus,L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, see 
 GI.OSSO-PHARYNGIEN. 
 
 PHARYNGOGRAPHIE, s. f. F., and G., 
 pharyngographia, f. (q>a. wy\, the pharynx, 
 y^u, to describe), L.: an anatomical de- 
 scription of : PHARYNGOLOGIE, s. f. F., et 
 G., pharyngologia,f.(same,and xyaj,adis- 
 course),L.: a Treatise upon the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGO-PALATiNE,adj., pharyngo- 
 palatinus, L. : pertaining, alike, to pharynx 
 and velum palati, see PILIER. 
 
 PHARYNGOPERISTOLE, s. f. (^a.^u>y\, srs- 
 r<roXj,contraction),F.,etLi., -dieSchlund- 
 verenger ung,G., contraction : PHARYN- 
 GOPLEGIE, s. f., pharyngoplegia.f .(same, 
 and K\w<ra, to strrke),L., die Schlundlah- 
 mung, Lahmung der Schlundmuskeln, G.: 
 paralysis of the muscles of the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYJTGORRHAGIE, s. f., pharyngor- 
 rhagia, f. ((pagwyi, p^yvi/^/, to burst forth), 
 L., derSchlundblutfluss,G haemorrhage 
 from : PHARYNGOSFASME, s. m., pha- 
 ryngospasmus,m.(sawe,and(re<r / j4j,spasm), 
 L., der Schlundkrampf, G., spasm of 
 the pharynx. 
 
 PHARYNGOTOME, s. m., pharyngotom- 
 us, m. L., das Pharyngotom, G.: an in- 
 strument employed, by Surgeons, in the o- 
 peration of pharyngotomy, PHARYNGOTO- 
 MIE, s. f., pharyngotomia, f. (fapuy^,, ra- 
 (iti, incision), L., der Schlundschnitt, G., 
 incision of the pharynx ; or, more proper- 
 ly, scarification of the mucous membrane of 
 that organ; or incision of abscesses develop- 
 ed within it. 
 
 PHARYNX, s. m., f. L., pajuy?, der 
 Schlund, oder Schlundkopf, G.: in Anato- 
 my, the musculo-membranous and infundibu- 
 liform canal, Arriere-bouche, Gosier, F., 
 which extends from basis cranii to oesoph- 
 agus. Its anterior paries presents, on look- 
 ing from above, downwards, the posterior a- 
 
 438 
 
 PHI 
 
 pertures of the nasal fossae, orifices of the 
 Eustachian tubes, the posterior opening of 
 the mouth, and the rima glottidis. 
 
 PHELLANDRE,s.m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Phellandrium ( Pentandria.digyn. ; Umbelli- 
 ferce), L., der Pferdefenchel, die Wasser- 
 schierling, G., the Water-Hemlock. The 
 principal species, P. aquaticum, Linn., 
 leFenouild'eau,F. > der Wasserfenchel, G. 
 (CEnanthe phettandrium, of 'modern French 
 and British Botanists), is powerfully nar- 
 cotic: itsseeds recommended in Scirrhus,and 
 Pulmonary Phthisis. 
 
 PHENOMENEjS.m., TO <paivo[tlvov, phae- 
 
 nomenon, f. L., die Erscheinung, G.: a 
 term literally signify ing anappearance ;but 
 employed, in ordinary language, to desig- 
 nate every movement, or effect, which falls 
 under the cognizance of the senses ; and, 
 more especially, every extraordinary or un- 
 expected event: in Pathology, synon.with 
 SIGNE, et SYMPTOME. PHENOMENOLO- 
 GIE, s. f., phaenomenologia, f. (tpaivofwov, 
 ^oys, a discourse), L., me Phsenomenolo- 
 gie,G., phenomenology: a Treatiseon the 
 phenomena of life, in the healthy and dis- 
 eased state. PHENOMENOGRAPHIE,S., 
 phaenomenographia, f. (same, and y^u, to 
 
 describe), L., phenomenography, die 
 
 Beschreibung : PHENOMENOSCOPIE, s. f., 
 phaenomenoscopia, f. (same, and <rxo#iu, 
 to survey ),L., phenomenoscopy, dielte- 
 obachtungder Krankheits- Erscheinungen, 
 G. : description and observation of the phe- 
 nomena, <ra. tpctivoftivet, of diseases. 
 
 PHiLiATRE,adj., p/A./a<rus, philiatrus, 
 L. : an epithet, in its literal signification, de- 
 signative of a Friend to Physicians, or the 
 Science which they profess, ein Freunddes 
 Aerzte oder der Heilkunde, G. : applied, al- 
 so, to one who studies medicine, medicinse 
 studiosus, L. 
 
 PHILOBIOSE, s. f., philobiosis, f. (<pi*.w, 
 to love, PIOS, life), L,.,love of life. 
 
 PHILOSOPHIE, s. f., <p/Xo<r<p/, philoso- 
 phia, f. L,., die Philosophie, G., philoso- 
 phy : a term literally signify ing love of know- 
 ledge ; but employed, by the learned, to ex- 
 press a profound acquaintance with, or ex- 
 position of, the principles of a science; as 
 the Philosophy of medicine, of anatomy, 
 see Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, Philosophic Ana- 
 tomique, 2 vols 8vo. Paris, 1818 23. Pm- 
 I.OSOPHIQ.UE, adj., <fi^offa<f>os, philosophi- 
 cus, L., philosophisch,G., philosophical : 
 pertaining to philosophy, or a philosopher, 
 PHILOSOPHE, s. m., o $i).'o<ri>Qi>s, philoso- 
 phus, der Philosoph. 
 
 PHILTRE, s. m., philtrum, n. L.: in A- 
 natomy, the groove, or gutter, sulcus naso- 
 labialis, L., die breite, flache, von der 
 Scheidewand der Nasenlocher herablauf- 
 ende Furche, G., which, descending from 
 the septum narium, divides the upper lip 
 into two parts: in Pharmacy, a philtre, or
 
 PHL 
 
 love-potion, TO p/Argav, of the Greeks, der 
 Liebestrank, Liebesbecker, G. 
 
 PHiMosiQUE,adj., Phimosis betreffend, 
 davon herriihrend, G.: connected with, or 
 resulting, as the Ischuria phimotica, of Sau- 
 vages, from, PHIMOSIS, s. m., k <p!piuin$, 
 phimosis, f., angustia prseputii, quse gland- 
 is penis denudationem impedit,L., dieVe- 
 rengerung der Vorhaut um die Eichel, G. 
 Phimosis may be congenital, or consequent 
 upon inflammation of the prepuce. 
 
 PHLEBARTERIODIALYSE, s. f., phlebar- 
 teriodialysis, f. (iffd-^, a vein, agripia, ar- 
 tery, ^idxvffn, separation), aneurysma ve- 
 noso-arteriosum vel varicosum,Ij., die ve- 
 nose Schlagadergeschwullst, G., varicose 
 aneurism. 
 
 PHLEBECTASIE, s. f., phlebectasia, f. 
 (<pXi, a vein, lurenii;, dilatation), L., di- 
 latation of a. vein, or portion of a vein: an af- 
 fection constituting the 9th genus of the 
 Angioses, in Nosologie Naturel'e, of Alibert. 
 
 PHLEBEUHYSME, s. m., phlebeurysma, 
 n.(same,and iv^uvtu,to dilate), L., dieBlut- 
 aderausdehnung, G., varix. 
 
 PHLEBITE, s. f., phlebitis, f. L., die 
 Blutaderentziindung, G., inflammation 
 of a vein, <p/Ui^. 
 
 PHLEBOGRAPHIE, s. f., phlebographia, 
 f. ((pxs\, a vein, y^uQu, to describe), L., 
 phlebography : an anatomical description of 
 ; PHLEBOLOGIE, s. f., phlebologia, f. 
 (same, and Xaya?, a discourse), L., die 
 Phlebologie,G., phlebology : a Treatise up- 
 on the veins. 
 
 PHLEBORRHEXIE, s. f., phleborrhexis. 
 f. (<f>)il^, |5?|/f, rupture),L., der Aderris, 
 das Zerplatzen einer Vene, G., rupture of 
 : PHLEBORRHAGIE,S. f.,~phleborrhagia, 
 f. (same, and friyivfti, to burst out), L., 
 der Dlulfluss aus den Vencn, G., haemor- 
 rhage from a vein, or veins. 
 
 PHLEBOTOME, s. m., TO q>tefioTop.ov (<r/xi- 
 x/av), phlebotomum, n. L., Aderlasseis- 
 en, n. G., lancet: an instrument, more 
 especially the spring-lancet, Flammette a 
 ressort, F., der Aderlassschnapper, of the 
 Germans, employed in, 
 
 PHLEBOTOMIE,S.f., r> QteGoropiei, phle- 
 
 botomia, vensesectio, f. L., der Aderlass, 
 G., phlebotomy, or venesection : in Sur- 
 gery, the operation of opening a vein : in 
 Anatomy, dissection of the veins. PHLEBO- 
 
 TOMISTE, S. m., a ifXsSaTOjCta;, pllleboto- 
 
 mus, m. L., a phlebotomist. 
 
 PHLEGMAGOGUE, adj., phlegmagogus 
 (p/u^a, phlegm, or mucus, y, to expel), 
 Li. : an epithet employed to designate re- 
 medies, medicamina phleymagoga, L., die 
 schleimausleerendenM.'Mel,(3r., which have 
 the supposed property of expelling mucus 
 from the animal body. 
 . PHLEGMAPYRE, s.f., phlegmapyra,vel 
 phlegmatopyra,f. (ipx.sy^a, w^ros, fever), 
 L., dasSchleimfieber,G., mucous fever. 
 439 
 
 PHL, 
 
 PHLEGMASIEjS.f., rKp^fy^atrix, phleg- 
 
 masia, f. L,., inflammation. The Phleg- 
 masice, PHLEGMASIES, pi. F., diePhleg- 
 masien, G. ?, constitute, in the Nosoyra- 
 phie Philosophique, of Pinel, the 2nd Class 
 of Diseases ; and are, from the anatomical 
 character of the structures which they af- 
 fect, distributed into five Orders. See, al- 
 so, Broussais, Histoire des Phlegmasies, 3 
 volsSvo. Paris,1826. PHLEGMASiauE,adj.: 
 pertaining to, or exhibiting the characters 
 of, phlegmasia* 
 
 PHLEGMATIE, s. f., phlegmatia, f. L. : 
 according to French lexicographers, osdema, 
 anasarca ; to iheGerman, extravasation of 
 serum or mucus, die Wasser- od. Schleim- 
 geschwullst. PA/epma//aalbadolenspuerpe- 
 rarum, L , die weisse Scherikelgeschwullst 
 der Wochnerinnen, G. PHLEGMATIGUE, 
 adj., <p>.i>yfe.aTixi>s . suffering from, or exhi- 
 biting, an excess of phlegm or mucus ; as an 
 individual, a <p;uy/ta<r/aj, phlegmaticus, 
 L., of the phlegmatic temperament, von 
 phlegmatischem Temperament, G. 
 
 PHLEGMATORRHAGIE, s. f., phlegma- 
 torrhagia.f. (ipXfy/ta, pn<ywft'i,tob\irstout'), 
 L., der Schleimfluss aus der Nase, G. : an 
 abundant discharge of mucus from the nos- 
 trils ; unaccompanied by inflammation of 
 the pituitary membrane. 
 
 PHLEGME, s. f., TO tyx'typa,, phlegma, 
 n. Ii., andG., phlegm: a term employed, 
 by the older Physicians, as synon.with Pi- 
 TUITE : bei den Chemikern des phlogist- 
 ischen Schule, der Riickstand nacn Destil- 
 lationen geistiger od. atherischer Stoffe,G. 
 
 PHLEGMON, s. m., (pxsy^ovw, phlegm- 
 one, f. L. : a term employed, by Patholo- 
 gists, to designate inflammation in general, 
 die allgemeine Entzundung, G. ; or that 
 of the cellular tissue, la Phlogose du tissu 
 cdlulaire,Y ., die^wtewrtt/MM^sgeschwullst, 
 
 exclusively. PHLEGMONODE,adj., ifXsy- 
 
 [Mvulvs, phlegmonodes, L., entziindlich, 
 entziindsartig, G., phlegmonous, phleg- 
 monoid: pertaining to, or exhibiting the 
 characters of, phlegmon. 
 
 PHLOGISTIQUE, s. m., and adj., phlo- 
 giston, m. (qxoyiffro;, inflammable), L., 
 das Phlogiston, der Brennstoff, FeuerstofF, 
 G. : an hypothetical principle, regarded, by 
 Stahl, and his School, hence termed VE'- 
 cole phlogistique, as of high importance in 
 the explanation of chemical phenomena. 
 
 PHLOGODE,adj., $>./>ytedvs, inflamma- 
 tus, L., entziindet, G., inflamed. 
 
 PHLOGOSE, s.f., v <f \oyuf is, phlogosis, 
 f. L. : a term literally signifying inflamma- 
 tion; but employed, by some French writ- 
 ers, to designate the exterior Phlegmasice ; 
 by others, superficial or erysipelatous inflam- 
 mations: by the German*, a fugacious heat, 
 or redness, of the face, ein fliegende H itze, 
 ein fliichtiges Rothwerdendes Gesichts, G. 
 PHLOGOSE, adj. : suffering from phlogosis*
 
 PHO 
 
 FHLOGOPYRE, s. f., phlogopyra, febris 
 inflammatoria, f. L., das Entziindungsfie- 
 ber, G., inflammatory fever. 
 
 PHLYCTENE, s. f., ^Xu*Ta;ay phlyc- 
 taena, f. L., das Frieselblaschen, G. : in 
 Pathology, a transparent vesicle, formed by 
 accumulation of a serous fluid beneath the 
 epidermis: and differing from Pemphigus, 
 only in the absence of constitutional symp- 
 toms. PHLYCTENOlDE^dj., pXt/*Ta<v/Sw, 
 phlyctsenoides, L., freiselartig, G., 
 phlyctenoid : resembling, or characterized 
 by the presence of, phlyctance. 
 
 PHOLADE, s. f. : in Conchology, a genus 
 ofMultivalve Shells, Pholas,!^., der Stein- 
 bohrer, Bohrmuschel, G. ; constituting the 
 type of the Pholas-Family, PHOLADES, s. 
 m. pi., Pholadce, L. The inhabitant, an 
 acephalous or conchiferous Molluscum, lives in 
 the holes of submarine rocks perforated by 
 itself; and forms a delicate article of diet. 
 
 PHOCIUE, s. m. : in Zoology, a genus of 
 Amphibious Mammifera, Phoca, JL., der 
 Seehund,die Robbe,G., the Seal, belong, 
 ing to the Order, Carnassiers, Carnivores, 
 of Cu vier ; and constituting the type of the 
 Seal-Family, PHOCIDES, s. m. pi., Pho- 
 cid&,li. The flesh of the common species, 
 P. vitulina, Veau marin, gemeiner See- 
 hundod. das Seekalb, G., is edible : and its 
 skin, and oil, der Robben/eM und Robben- 
 thran, G., form important articles of com- 
 merce, and domestic economy. 
 
 PHOSPHATE, s. m., phosphas, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, phosphor- 
 saure Salze, G., resulting from combina- 
 tion of phosphoric acid, Adde phosphorique, 
 F., acidum phosphoricum, L., die Phos- 
 phor- oder Knochensaure, G., the fourth 
 degree of oxydation of phosphorus,. with 
 divers salifiable bases. 
 
 PHOspHATiauE,adj., phosphaticus,Li. : 
 an epithet applied to a liquid acid, Acide 
 phosphalique, die Unterphosphors&u re, G., 
 which results from the slow combustion 
 of phosphorus in atmospheric air. In Davy's 
 opinion, merely a combination of the phos- 
 phoric and phosphorous acids. 
 
 PHOSPHITE, s. m., phosphitis, f. L : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, phosphorig- 
 saure Salze, G., resulting from combina- 
 tion of phosphorous acid, Acide phosphor eux, 
 F., acidum phosphoroswm, L., die Phos- 
 phorigsaure, G., the third degree of oxy- 
 dation of phosphorus, with divers salifia- 
 ble bases. 
 
 PHOSPHORE, s. m., phosphorus, m.(ip&>a-- 
 #o5, bringing light),L., andE., der Phos- 
 phor: asimplebody; discovered, by Brandt, 
 in 1669 ; and so named, from the facility 
 with which it enters into combustion, and 
 the brilliant light which it then emits: o 
 <p<>ff<t>o(>os cifrrig, the morning-star. 
 
 PHospHOREscENCB,s.f., phosphorescen- 
 tia,f. Li,, die Phosphoreszenz, G. : the pro- 
 
 440 
 
 PHT 
 
 perty, possessed by certain bodies, of be- 
 coming luminous without elevation of their 
 ordinary temperature, either in the dark, 
 as the phosphorescent animals and plants, 
 decaying animal substances and wood : or 
 when subjected to peculiar agencies, as su- 
 gar, to percussion. PHOSPHORESCENT^]., 
 phosphorescens, L., phosphoreszirend, 
 G. : endowed with the property of phospho- 
 rescence ; as Byssits phosphorea, and Slater 
 phosphoreus,a.mor\g Plants,an& Insects; and 
 Oceanica phosphorica, and Pennatula phos- 
 phorea, among the innumerable marine Zo- 
 ophytesvrhich impart to theocean, at night, 
 its phosphoric splendour. 
 
 PHOTOPHOBE, adj., photophobus (<p*j, 
 light, ipojSoj, dread), L,. : affected with, or ex- 
 hibiting, photophoby, PHOTOPHOBIE, s. f., 
 .photophobia, f. L., die lachtscheu, G., 
 dread of light. 
 
 PHRENESIE, s. f., phrenesis, phrenitis, 
 f. L. : a term, in Pathology, indiscrimi- 
 nately applied to inflammation of the brain, 
 die Hirnentzundung, G., to which it 
 should be, exclusively, restricted ; phleg- 
 masiaof the cerebral membranes ; and the 
 delirium, (pfirfris, of the Greeks, which 
 occurs in divers morbid affections. PHRE- 
 NETiQUE,adj., phreneticus, L., <peivina- 
 Tay, tp^viTixos, phrenetic : connected with, 
 or suffering from, phrenesis. 
 
 PHRENICO-GASTRIQTJE,et-SPLENiaUE, 
 
 adj.: epithets, in Anatomy, respectively 
 designativeof the processes of peritonceum, 
 Ligamen t um phreno-gastricum,et-splen icum, 
 L., das Zwerchfellmagen-, und Zwerchfell- 
 miZ*band,G., which connect the diaphragm 
 with the stomach, and the spleen. 
 
 PHRENIQUE, adj., phrenicus, L,., 
 
 phrenic : pertaining to the diaphragm,, 
 
 QgiviS, See DlAPHRAGMATIQUE. 
 
 PHRENITE, s. f. : a term employed, by 
 some pathological writers, to designate in- 
 flammation of the diaphragm, fgivis, see 
 DIAPHHAGMITE ; by others, as synon. 
 with PHRENESIE. 
 
 PHREKOLOGIE, s. f., phrenologia, f. L., 
 die Phrenologie, G., phrenology : in A- 
 natomy,a discourse, Xoyo;, or Treatise,on 
 ihediaphragm, Q^in s, Lehre vom Zwerch- 
 fell: in Psychology, theDoctrine, or Science, 
 of mind, q>fiv, die Hirnlehre, G., as de- 
 duced from the volume, and exterior confi- 
 guration, of the brain, see CRANIOLOGIE. 
 PHRENOLOGiQUE.adj., phrenologicus, L., 
 phrenologischjG. ?, relating, as the phre- 
 nological writings of Gall, Spurzheim, the 
 Combes, and Vimon t , to the Science of Phre- 
 nology. PHRENOLOGISTS, s. m., phrenolo- 
 gus, L., Phrenolog,G. ?, a phrenologist. 
 
 PHRiCASME,s.m., a <pixa<rp,os, phricas- 
 mus, m. L., das Frieren, G., febrile rigor. 
 
 PHTHIRIASE, s. f., tpfaigiuffis, phthiri- 
 asis, f. L., die .Lausesucht, Lausekrank- 
 heit, G. : a morbid affection which consists
 
 PHY 
 
 uction 
 
 in an excessive and inexplicable prod 
 of lice on the human body. 
 
 PHTHISIS, s.f., <p^V<j, phthisis,tabes, 
 f. L., das Schwinden, die Schwindsucht, 
 G., consumption, decline : in Nosology, a 
 genusof Diseases, characterized by progres- 
 sive emaciation of the body, and ordinarily 
 accompanied, towards its fatal close, by hec- 
 tic fever. Phthisis admits of distribution 
 into several species, or varieties, according, 
 1. to the precise site, or organ, which the af- 
 fection occupies, as bronchial, laryngeal, pul- 
 monary, hepatic, mesenteric, dorsal, Phthisie 
 bronchiale,laryngee,pulmonaire,hepatique,me- 
 scnterique, dorsale, F. ; and, 2. to the ana- 
 tomical characters which it exhibits, as the 
 calculous, granular, and tubercular, PA/A. 
 calculeuse, granuleuse, tuberculeuse. Some- 
 times, again, the disease acquires itsspecific 
 designation from the condition of system 
 with which it is connected; as nervous phthi- 
 sis, phth., vel tabes, nervosa,\j., and scro- 
 fulous, die scrophulose Schwindsucht, G. 
 See Louis, Rccherches Anatomico-Pathologi- 
 quessurla Phthisie,8vo. Paris, 1825.PHTHI- 
 SIQUE, adj., qfaffixos, phthisicus, L., 
 phthisisch,schwindsiichtig,G., phthisical: 
 suffering from, or relating to, phthisis. 
 
 PHTHISIOLOGIE,S., phthisiologia,f.L., 
 Lchre von den Schwindsucht, G., a Treat- 
 ise,or discourse, A.oyaj, onphthisis, <p0i<ris- 
 
 PHTHisiFNEUMONiE,s.f., phthisipneu- 
 monia,f.L., die Lungenschwindsucht, G., 
 pulmonary phthisis. PHTHISIURIE, s.f., 
 phthisiuria,f. (<p0t<ns, sS^ov, urine), L.,_ 
 theemaciation-mhich characterizes Diabetes. 
 
 PHTHORE, s. m., phthora, phthorina,f. 
 (<p0aea, destruction), L., das Phthor, die 
 Phthorine, die Grundlage der Flusssaure, 
 G., Phthoron,the (presumed) base of flu- 
 oric acid, see FLUOR ; so named, as des- 
 troying all the vessels wherein attempts 
 have, hitherto, been made to confine it. 
 
 PHYME,S. f., TOQV/J.U, phyma,n. L.: a 
 term employed to designate aboil or tumour, 
 Geschwullst, f. G. ; and, more especial- 
 ly, the swelling of a lymphatic gland, Drii- 
 sengeschwullst, in a state of suppuration. 
 
 PHYSCONIE, s. f., physconia, f. (tpvfxiuv, 
 the paunch or belly), L., die Physkonie, 
 G.: in Nosology, a gemiSjinstitutedtocom- 
 prehend all voluminous tumours which, de- 
 veloped in the belly, do not exhibit the phe- 
 nomena of fluctuation, or of sound. Synon. 
 with the Hyposarca, see HYTOSARQUE, 
 of Linnaeus. 
 
 PHYSETERE, s. m. : in Mastozoology, a 
 genus of Zoophagous Celacea, a PUO-JJTJJJ, . 
 Physeter, m.L., der Pottfisch,G. ; consti- 
 tuting the type of the Physeteridee, L. It 
 comprehends, accordingto Bell, History of 
 British Quadrupeds, including the Cetacea, 
 8vo. London,1837, all those species which 
 modern Cetologists, have separated from it, 
 to form thegenus,Ca<o(ton, seeCACHALOT, 
 441 
 
 PHY 
 
 PH YSICIEN, s.m .: a Professor, or Student, 
 of Natural Philosophy, see PHYSIQUE. 
 
 PHYSIOGNOMONIE, s. f., <pvino>yvuft.<>vitt ) 
 physiognomonia,vel physiognomia,f. L., 
 die Physiognomonie, gewb'hnlich Physi- 
 ognomic, G., physiognomy :the art of dis- 
 covering the characters of men, from inspec- 
 tion of the exterior,and,more especially, of 
 the countenance ; as professed, and taught, 
 by Lavater, see L'Artdeconnaitre lesHom- 
 mespar la Physiognomic, 10 vols. 8vo. Paris, 
 1820-1. Physiognomy can only be studied, 
 as a Science, in its connexions with phreno- 
 logy, see Spurzheim's admirable work on 
 this connexion. PHYSIOGNOMIQUE, adj., 
 tpvffio-yvapovixos, zur Physiognomonik geho- 
 rig, G, physiognomical: pertaining to the 
 Science of physiognomy, uoctrina physiog- 
 nomonica, L. 
 
 PHYSIOGRAPHIE, s. f., physiographia,f. 
 (tfiiiiri;, nature, <y^u<f>a, to describe), L., die 
 Naturbeschreibung, G.: a description of the 
 objects the assemblage of which constitutes 
 nature. PHYSIOGRAPHE, s. m., phisiogra- 
 phus, m. L., der Naturbeschreiber, Natur- 
 historiker,G., a physiographer, or natura- 
 list. PHYSIOGRAPHIQUE, adj., physio- 
 graphicus, L. , physiographisch,G., phy- 
 siographical : pertaining to physiography. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGIE, s. f., n ^uumKayia,, phy- 
 siologia, f. L., die Physiologic, G., Phy- 
 siology : a term literally signifying the Doc- 
 trine or Science of Nature, dieNaturlehre, 
 Naturphilosophie,G.; and thus synon. with 
 PHYSIQUE; but ordinarily employed to de- 
 signate the knowledge of the functions of the 
 organsof living bodies, dieLehre von den 
 Natur lebender Korper,G., in the healthy 
 state. General Physiology, die allgemeine 
 Physiologic, G., includes two great divisi- 
 ons,Animal,an&Vcgetable, seePHYTOPHY- 
 SIOLOGIE : and the/ormer, again, like its Sis- 
 ter-Science, Anatomy, is susceptible of dis- 
 tribution, into Human and Comparative ; 
 and is, farther,distinguished, by the epithet, 
 pathological, Physiologie pathologique, F., 
 when directed on the investigation of the 
 functions of the animal organs under the in- 
 fluence of disease. See Adelon, Physiologie 
 deTHomme,4 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1829; Rudol- 
 phi, Grundriss der Physiologie, 8vo. Berlin, 
 1821-27; and Todd's invaluable Cyclopedia 
 of Anatomy andPhysiology. PHYSIOLOGIQUE, 
 adj ., physiologicus, L., physiologisch, 
 G., physiological: pertaining, as physiolo- 
 gical Anatomy, see ANATOMIE, and the 
 physiological sciences, lesSc.physiologiques t 
 F., so named to distinguish them from the 
 purely physical, see PHYSIQUE, to the 
 great domain of Physiology. PHYSIOLO- 
 
 GISTE, S. m., o pwavaXayaj, physiologUS, 
 
 der Physiolog, a physiologist. 
 
 PHYSIQUE, s. f., physica, f. L., die 
 Physik,Naturlehre, G., Physics : the Sci- 
 ence of Nature, fi <f6<rn. Natural Phitoso-
 
 PHY 
 
 phy admits of division into three branches : 
 1. Physics properly so called; 2. Chemistry; 
 and 3. Physiology. See Journal de Physique; 
 and Annales de Chimie et de Physique, pub- 
 lished, monthly, in Paris. PHYSIQUE, adj., 
 fvfixos, physicus,L., physich,G.: per- 
 taining, as the physical Sciences, to Physics. 
 PHYsiciEN,s.m., a (pvfiKos, physicus, m. 
 L., der Naturphilosoph, G., a natural 
 philosopher. 
 
 PHYSOBLEpHARoir,s.m., n.(<fvtrx, wind, 
 /SXt^ajav, eye-lid), L. : emphysematous swell- 
 ing of the eye-lid. PHYSOCELE, s. f. (same, 
 and xjX, hernia), F., et L. : emphysematous 
 swelling, Windbruch,G., ofthescrotum. 
 
 PHysocfeLiE, s. f., physocoslia, f. (<pvir<x, 
 wind, *0/x/, the belly), L., der Luftbauch, 
 G. : gaseous distension of the belly. Synon. 
 with TYMPANITE. 
 
 PHYSOCEPHALE, s. m., physocephalus, 
 m.(<pi/<ra, xe<pxj,thehead), L., die Kopf- 
 windgeschwullst,G. : emphysemaoi 'the head. 
 PHYSOMETREjS.m., physometra, f. Csame, 
 and /ttjjr^a, womb), L., die Mutterwind- 
 sucht, G. : distension of the uterus by gas. 
 
 PHYSOKCIE, s. f., physoncus, m. (<f>vtra, 
 wind, o-yxos, a swelling), L., die Windge- 
 schwullst, G. : a tumour formed by atmos- 
 pheric air, or others/as. PHYSOPSOPHIE, s. f., 
 physopsophia, f. Csame, and -^(Xfos, noise), 
 L., das heftige Ausfahren von Luft, G. : 
 a violent explosion of gas. 
 
 PH YSOSPASME, s. m ., physospasmus, m. 
 ($u<ra, <r#it<rft,os, spasm), L., die Windko- 
 lik,G., windycolic : tympanitis,viitn spas- 
 modic contraction of some portion of the in- 
 testinal canal. PHYSOTHORAX, s. m., n. 
 L. : see PNEUMOTHORAX. 
 
 PHYTOCHIMIE, s. f., phytochemia, f. 
 (ipt/Tflv, a plant, ^^8/a, see CHIMIE), L.,_ 
 Vegetable Chemistry. 
 
 PHYTOGEOGHAPHIE, s.f., phytogeogra- 
 phia.f. L.., die Pflanzengeographie, G., - 
 phytogeography : the geography of plants. 
 PHYTOGRAFHiEjS.f, phytographia,f.(0w- 
 <rav, a plant, y/>ei<pa, to describe), L., die 
 Phytographie, the description of plants, 
 dieBeschreibung&erPjlanzen, Descriptive 
 Botany, die beschreibende Botanik, G. 
 PHYTOGRAPHiQUE,adj., phytographicus, 
 Jj., phytographisch,G., phytographical, 
 pertaining to : PHYTOGRAPHE, s. m., 
 phytographus, derPhytograph.derBota- 
 niker, phytographist, a professor, or stu- 
 dent, ofphytography. 
 
 PHYTOi.iTHOLOGiE,s.f., phytolitholo- 
 gia, f. (tpvrov, a plant, x/0os,astone, Xey?j 
 a discourse), L., die Phytolithologie, G., 
 phytolithology: a Treatise on fossil plants, 
 PHYTOLiTHES.s.m.,pl., phytolithi,L.., 
 diePflanzenversteinerungen, G. PHYTO- 
 I.OGIE, s. f., phytologia, f. L., diePhyto- 
 logie, Pflanzenkunde, G., phytology : 
 
 the doctrine of, or a Treatise on, plants, see 
 Darwin's Phytologia, 4to. 1800. 
 
 442 
 
 PIE 
 
 PHYTOPATHOLOGIE, s. f., phytopatho- 
 logia, f. L., die Pflanzenpathologie,PHan- 
 zenkrankheitslehre, Lehre von den Krank- 
 heiten der Pflanzen, G., phy topathology , a 
 Treatise on the diseases ; PHYTOPH YSIO- 
 LOGIE, s. , phytophysiologia, f. L., die 
 Pflanzenphysiologie, G., pnytophysiolo- 
 
 gy, on the internal functions, von den 
 
 innern Verrichtungen, of plants. 
 
 PHYTOTOMIE, s. f., phytotomia, f. ($u- 
 ra>, a plant, m/u.ri, incision), L., die Phyto- 
 tomie,diePHanzenanatomie,oder-zerglied- 
 erung, G., phytotomy : the anatomy, or 
 dissection of plants. SeeMalpighi,.4na/(ne 
 Plantarum, Fol. Londini, 1675. 
 
 PHYTOzoAiRE,s.m., phy tozoon, n. L., 
 das Pflanzenthier, G., see ZOOPHYTE. 
 
 Pi AN, s. m. : the Indian designation of a 
 cutaneous disease, Framboesia, f. L., die 
 Erdbeerpocke, G., yaws; so termed, from 
 theresemblanceoftheulcerated tumours by 
 which it is characterized, to a strawberry or 
 raspberry, Fraise,ouFramboise,F. It pre- 
 vails in Guinea and America; and exhibits 
 two species, P.fongo'ide, et rubo'ide,'F., Fr- 
 mycoides, et butinoides, of Latin writers. 
 It is accompanied by marasmus, and said 
 to be contagious. 
 
 PicAjS.m., f.L.: a term, of obscure ori- 
 gin ; synon. with ALLOTRIOPHAGIE. 
 
 PICROMEL, s. m., n. (rix.pas, bitter, fiiii, 
 honey), L., der Bitter- oder Gallenstoff, 
 G. : an immediate principle, which consti- 
 tutes an essential ingredient of the bile in 
 Man, the Ox, and many of the higher ani- 
 mals : and enters into the composition of 
 certain biliary calculi. It was discovered by 
 Thenard in 1806; and named/wcromeZ,from 
 its bitter taste and honey- like consistence. 
 
 PICROTOXINE, s. f., picrotoxina, f. (- 
 xo;, bitter, rofyxh, poison), L., das Pikro- 
 toxin, oder Bittergift, G. : an organic alca- 
 li, excessively bitter and poisonous, hence 
 the scientific designation, discovered, by 
 Boullay, in theseerfsof Coccvlus indicus,o\im 
 Menispermum cocculus, seeCoauECULE. 
 
 PIED,S. m., pes, pedis, o vrovs, votiiis, 
 der Fuss, G., foot: in Comparative Ana- 
 tomy, the inferior termination of the pelvic 
 limb of Man and Birds, of the thoracic and 
 pelvic limbs of the four-footed Mammifera, 
 Reptiles, and Amphibia; comprehending, in 
 the human subject, the tarsal, metatarsal, 
 and phalangeal regions: in Malacology, a 
 fleshy disk which, organized for progression, 
 is attached to the inferior surface of the bo- 
 dy of certain Mollusca ; and, 3. the extreme 
 portion of the organs of locomotion of the 
 Articulata, see TAHSE, and of the Cater- 
 pillar of the Lepidoplera, see PATTE. In 
 Botany, theportion of stem by which certain 
 Fungi are attached to the earth. Pied-bot, 
 a club-foot. 
 
 PIE-MERE, s. f., pia vel tenuis mater, 
 JL., XJITTJJ piwyZ,, of the Greeks, dasdiinne
 
 PIL 
 
 Hirnhautchen,G. : in Anatomy, the highly 
 vascular and cellular membrane (Lame in- 
 terne de la Me'ningine, Ch.), which imme- 
 diately invests the whole exterior of the 
 encepnalon ; descends between its convolu- 
 tions ; and, penetrating into its cavities, 
 produces the plexus, et tela, choroides, see 
 CHOROIDIEN, et TOILE. Throughout the 
 greater part of its extent, the pia mater is 
 in contact with the arachnoid. 
 
 PIERRE, s.f., a *.i0os, lapis,m. L., der 
 Stein, G., stone : a term employed, in po- 
 pular language, to designate a biliary or u- 
 rinary concretion; as & gall-stone, derGal- 
 lenstein, G. ; a stone in the kidney or blad- 
 der, der Nieren- oder Blasenstein, G. P. 
 a cautere, F. : a caustic compound of divers 
 preparations of potassium. P. infernale, 
 lapis infernalis, derHollenstem, geschmol- 
 zenes salpetersaures Silber, G., fused ni- 
 trateof silver. PIERREUX, adj., -nr^aTas, 
 petrosus, lapideus, L., steinartig, stein- 
 hart, G. : exhibiting, as the petrousportion, 
 see PETREUX, of the temporal bone, 
 the characters of stone or rock. 
 
 PIGEON, s. m. : a genus, in Ornithology, 
 Columba, L., ri Hi^nrnea, die Taube, G., 
 Pigeon or Dove ; belonging to the 9th 
 Orderof Birds,in the Arrangement of Tem- 
 minck, see Manuel d'Ornithologie, vol. ii. ; 
 and constituting the type of the Colombidte, 
 COLOMBIDES, a Family comprehended 
 in the Order, Rasores, of later Ornitholo- 
 gists. The four European species,common- 
 Jy described, are, 1. the Ring-dove or Cushat, 
 C.palumbus, Colombe ou Pigeon ramier, 
 F., iUeRlngeltaube, G.: 2. the Stock-dove, 
 C. CEnas, Col- colombin, dieHolz taube ; 
 3. the Rock-dove, C. livia, Col. biset, die 
 Haustaube, the original of the domestic 
 variety ; and 4. the Turtle-dove, C. turtur, 
 Col. touterelle, die Turteltaube, fi T^V- 
 yuv, of the Greeks. The flesh of the whole 
 is nutritious, stimulant, and digestible. 
 
 PILAIRE, adj., pilaris (pilus, a hair), G., 
 haarig,G., pilary: an epithet employed, 
 in Anatomy, to designate the assemblage of 
 hairs, Systeme pilaire, F., which invests 
 the exterior of many animals, and plants : 
 in Pathology, a disease, Maladiepilaire, 
 characterized, as Plica, and Trichiasis, by 
 an exuberant development of hairs. 
 
 PiLiER,s.m., columna,f.L., dieSaule, 
 G., pillar: a term applied, in Anatomy,!, 
 to certain fleshy masses, columnae carnece, 
 see CHARNU, which are attached to the 
 interior of the ventricles of the heart ; 2. 
 the crura, Piliers du DIAPHRAGMS, of 
 the diaphragm ; and, 3. the lateral elonga- 
 tions of the velum palati, Piliers du VOILE 
 du Palais, which, situated, two on each 
 side ; anddistinguishedintoananteriorand 
 posterior pillar, or arch, arcus glosso-pa- 
 latinus, et pharyngo-palatinus, L., vor- 
 derer und hinterer Gaumenbogen, G., 
 
 443 
 
 PIN 
 
 are separated by a triangular depression 
 which lodges the tonsil, in Botany, syn- 
 on. with COLUMELLE. 
 
 PILON, s. m., pilum,pistillum,n. L., 
 die Mdrserkeule, der Stossel, G., pestle : 
 in Pharmacy, an instrument, of wood, iron, 
 glass, or marble ; destined for trituration 
 of various substances in a mortar. 
 
 PILULE, s. f., pilula, f. L., ro yipai^- 
 S/av ?, die Pille, G. : in Pharmacy, a com- 
 pound, of firm consistence, small volume, 
 and spherical figure ; destined for introduc- 
 tion into the stomach without mastication. 
 PILULIER, s.m. : an instrument invented, 
 by the Germans, for the accurate division 
 of the pilular mass, Masse pilulaire, F., 
 and subsequent rolling of the pills into the 
 required form. 
 
 PiMEKT,s.m. : a genus, in Botany, Cap- 
 sicum (Pentandria, monogyn. ; SolanetB ),!*., 
 der Spanische Pfefier, die Beisbeere, G. 
 The seeds of the only species, medicinally em- 
 ployed by the French, Capsicum annuum, 
 le Cor ail desjardins,ou Poivre de Guinee, 
 der Indianische Pf., die jahrige Beisb., 
 a native of India, are excessively acrid and 
 stimulant. The Pimenta, or All-spice, of 
 British Botanists, is the Myrtus pimento, of 
 Linnaeus ; and P. vutyaris, of Lindley. 
 
 PIN, s. m. : a genus, In Botany, Pinus 
 ( Monoecia, monadelph. ; Coniferce), L., the 
 Pine. The species, with their products, 
 principally interesting to the medical philo- 
 sopher, are, 1. the Scotch , P. syluestris, 
 \ePinsauvage,F., dieKiefer.G., yield- 
 ing, as does its congener, P. maritimus, ro- 
 sin, Colophane,F. ; tar, GOUDRON; and 
 common turpentine, TEREBINTHINE : and, 
 2., the Stone-Pine, P.pinea, Pin. pignon, 
 der Pignolenbaum,G., an almond-like e- 
 diblefruit, Pignon, with terebinthine fla- 
 vour. For an account of other species, 
 formerly included in the Linnaean genus, 
 Pinus, see MELEZE, et SAFIN. 
 
 PINCES.OU PINCETTES, s.f.pl., volsella, 
 f. L., die Zange, G., forceps : in Anato- 
 my, and Surgery, an instrument, variously 
 fashioned, and designated, according to the 
 precise purpose whichit is destined to serve ; 
 as, 1. the dissection-forceps, Pinces a, dissec- 
 tion, F. : 2. the dressing , P.aanneaux; 
 3. the tonsil , P. deMusieux; 4. the poly- 
 pus , P. apolypes ; and, 5. forceps for the 
 extraction of musket-balls, les Tire-balles. 
 
 PINEAL, adj. : an epithet employed, in 
 Anatomy ,to designate, from its resemblance 
 in figure, to the cone of the^r, Pinus, L., 
 a small pulpy body, Glands pineale, F., 
 glandula pinealis, f., conarium, n. L., 
 dieZirbel, oder Zirbeldriise, G., situated 
 between the fornix and tubercula quadri- 
 gemina. In its centre, are almost invari- 
 ably imbedded one or more minute calca- 
 reous concretions, acervulus cerebri, L., 
 derHirnsand, G.; consisting of the phos-
 
 PIS 
 
 p hates of lime and magnesia, with albumen. 
 The uses of these, as of the pineal gland 
 itself, are utterly unknown. 
 
 PlNXATIFIDE,adj., SeePENNATIFIDE. 
 
 PINXE, adj., see PENNE. 
 
 PINTADE, s. f. : a genus, in Ornithology, 
 Kumida(Rasores, Tetraonidei),^., the Pin- 
 tado, or Guinea-fowl. Tthe flesh of the com- 
 wwwispecies, N. meleagris, la P. ordinaire, 
 F., das Perlhuhn, Africkaniscb.es Huhn, 
 G., a native ofNumidia, longdomesticated 
 in Europe, is much valued for its dietetic 
 properties. 
 
 FIGURE, s. f., punctura, f. L,., der 
 Stoss, die Punktur, G., prick, or punc- 
 ture : a solution of continuity ; resulting 
 from introduction of a pointed instrument 
 into the tissues of an organized body. 
 
 PiscivoEE,adj., piscivorus (piscis, fish, 
 voro, to devour), L., fischessend,G., pis- 
 civorous: an epithet,synon.with the ichthy- 
 ophagous, see ICHTHYOPHAGE, of Greek 
 derivation ; and employed to generally de- 
 signate animals, as the Otter, and the Pe- 
 lican, and, specifically, others,which, asRam- 
 phastospisdvorus, distinguished from their 
 congeners by such habit, -feed exclusively 
 upon fishes. 
 
 PisiFORME,adj., erbsenfb'rmigjG., pi- 
 siform, exhibiting the figure of a pea, pi- 
 sum, Li.: an epithet designative, in Anato- 
 my, of certain pea-shaped parts or organs ; 
 as, 1. a small bone, 1'os pisiforme, lenticu- 
 laire, ou orbiculaire, F., os pisiforme, lenti- 
 culare, orbiculare, L.., Erbsenbein, n., das 
 vierteBeinder erstenReihe derHandwur- 
 zelknochen, G., constituting the fourth 
 of the first, or cubital, row of the carpal 
 bones, seeCARPE ; articulated with the cu- 
 neiform, and giving attachment to the ten- 
 don of Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, see 
 CUBITAL, and the anterior annular liga- 
 ment of the wrist: and, 2. the mamillary 
 eminences of the brain, termed Tubercules 
 pisiformes, by Chaussier. 
 
 In Botany, plants, or their appendages, 
 which, as Lycoperdon pisiforme, among the 
 Fungi, and the crystalline excrescences of a 
 Mesembryanthemum, hence named M. pis- 
 iforme, exhibit the configuration of a pea : 
 and, in Oryctology, the body of a trilobile, 
 Agnoste pisiformis. 
 
 PISSENLIT, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Leontodon (Syngenesia, eequal. ; Cichoracete), 
 L., der Lowenzahn, G., the Dandelion. 
 The common species, L. taraxacum, dif- 
 fused over the globe, from "the sands of A- 
 frica to the ices of the pole," is frequently 
 eaten as salad, on account of its diuretic and 
 laxative properties. The Expressed Juice, 
 and Extract, Succus expressus,et Extrac- 
 tum,Taraxaci,L., AusgepressterLowen- 
 zahnsaft, und Lowenzahnextract,G., are 
 uccessfully em ployed in j aundice and chro- 
 ic diseases of the abdominal viscera. 
 
 HI 
 
 nic 
 
 PLA 
 
 PISTACHE, s. f., pistacia,f. L., -diePis- 
 tazie, G., Pistachio-nut: the fruit, con- 
 taining a green and gratefully-flavoured 
 kerneljOfPistaciaterebinthus, PISTACHIER, 
 s. m., der Pistazienbaum, G.: a species 
 belonging to genus, Pistacia (Dioecia, pen- 
 tandria; Terebintacece), L., of German and 
 British, and Terebinthus, of French Sys- 
 tematic Botanists. The French Officinal 
 Loock cum Croco et PistaciS, Gallice dic- 
 tum le Looch vert, is prepared from the 
 Pistachio-nut. 
 
 PISTIL, s. m., pistillum, n. L., das 
 Pistill, der Stampel, Staubweg, G., pis- 
 til : the designation of the female organ of 
 fructification in Plants. It consists, essen- 
 tially.of the germen or ovary, and stigma : 
 and, between them, is ordinarily interposed, 
 a tube, of variable length, termed style. The 
 Orders of the first twelve Classes of the 
 Linnsean System of Plants are determined 
 by the number of the pistils. 
 
 PiTuiTAiRE,adj., pituitary : an epithet 
 designative, in Anatomy, of parts, or or- 
 gans, which are connected, or supposed to 
 be connected, with the secretion of phlegm, 
 see PITUITE ; as, 1. a depression, Fosse 
 pituitaire ( sus-sphdnoidale, Ch.), F., 
 more commonly termed Sella turcica, see 
 SELLE, ofthe cerebral surface of thesphe- 
 noid bone; lodging, 2. a small, round, trans- 
 versely situated mass, la Glande,o\i Corps, 
 pituitaire (Appendice sus-spheno'idale du 
 cerveau,Ch.), glandula p ituitaria vel pitu- 
 itosa, hypophysis cerebri, Ij., der Hirn- 
 anhang.G. : from the superior part of which 
 extends a conical process, Tige pituitaire, 
 to the brain : and, 3. the mucous mem- 
 brane, M. pituilaire, ou la Pituitaire,- 
 membrana /<wtorz'a,olfactoria,vel Schnei- 
 deriana, L., die Nasenschleimhaut, G., 
 which invests the nasal fossas.and the cells 
 and sinuses connected with them. 
 
 PITUITE, s. f., pituita, f. L. Synon. 
 with PHLEGME. PITUITEUX, s. m., and 
 adj., pituitosus,L. seePHLEGMAiiauE, 
 et PITUITAIRE. 
 
 PITYRIASE, s. m., jj yrirofiitffis, pityri- 
 asis, f.L., der Kleiengrind,G., dandrifF: 
 in Pathology, afurfuraceous (bran-like) de- 
 squamation of the epidermis. 
 
 PLACENTA, s. m. F., L.: in Zoology, 
 the cellulo-vascular organ, der Mutterku- 
 chen, die After-, oder Nachgeburt, G., . 
 mother-cake, see ARRIEHE-FAUX; which 
 ordinarily presenting a convex or uterine, 
 and a concave or foetal surface, forms the 
 medium of communication bet ween the mo- 
 ther and foetus of the Mammifera : in Bot- 
 any,that portion, receptaculum seminum 
 commune, spermophorus,trophospermium, 
 L., der Saamenhalter, oder -boden, G., 
 of the interior of the ovary, to which the 
 seed, or ovule, is attached, either immedi- 
 ately, or by the intervention of a funis. 
 
 444
 
 PLA 
 
 PLAIE, S. f., *Ay, TO T^at^a, pla- 
 
 ga, f., vulnus, n. L., die Wunde, G., 
 wound : in Surgical Pathology, a solution 
 of continuity, inflicted upon the tissues of 
 the living body, by a mechanical agent. 
 
 PLANCHEB/S. m., floor : in Anatomy, 
 the inferior paries or boundary of a cavity ; 
 as theyfoor of the orbit. P. de Forbite; 
 of the nasal fossae, des Fosses nasales. By 
 some Anatomists, the term, P. du cerveau, 
 has, moreover, been applied to the tentori- 
 um cerebelli, see TENTE. 
 
 PLANTAIN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany. 
 Plantago ( Tetrandria, monogyn.), L., der 
 Wegerich,G.; constituting the type of the 
 Plantaginew, PLANTAGINEES, s. f., pi., 
 die Wegbreitgewachse, G., a Family of 
 dicotyledonous apetalous plants, with hy- 
 pogynous stamens. The three more com- 
 mon European species, the Greater, Hoa- 
 ry, and Ribwort-Plantain, le PL commune, 
 moyen, et lance.olc,Y.; der grosse, Mittel-, 
 und spitzige Wegerich, G., possess astrin- 
 gent properties : and their distilled water is 
 employed, by the French, in the composi- 
 tion of resolutive collyria. 
 
 PLANTAIRE, adj., plantar : an epithet, 
 designative,inAnatomy,ofparts,or organs, 
 which constitute, are situated in, or connect- 
 ed with, the sole of the foot, Plantedupied, 
 F., planta pedis, L., die FusssoAfe, G. ; 
 as, 1. theplantar Regions, Rey. plantaires, 
 F., die Fusssohlengegende, G., distin- 
 guished into an external, internal, sxiAmiddle; 
 2. the inferior Ligaments, L. plantaires, 
 the superior are termed dorsal, L. dor- 
 saux, by which the bones of the tarsus and 
 metatarsus are connected: 3. a triangular 
 Fascia, F. plantaris, L., which affords 
 attachment to divers muscles : 4. a Mus- 
 cle, M. plantaire, ou PL grele ( FEMORO- 
 CALCANIEN, Ch.), - Plantaris, L., - der 
 tfoA/ewspanner, langgeschwanzter Muskel, 
 G. : 5 . Arteries, die .Fimso&Zenschlagadern, 
 G., supplied by the posterior tibial, and 
 distinguished into an external and internal, 
 
 arteria plantaris ex- et interna, L. ; and 
 Veins, Veines plantaires, F., distributed, 
 like them and, 6. the plantar Nerves, die 
 Fusssohlennerven, G., of which there are, 
 also, distinguished an external and internal, 
 derived from the posterior tibial, on the 
 plantar regions. 
 
 PLANTE, s. f., planta, f. L., TO <PVTOV, 
 dasGewachs,die Pflanze.G., plant: an or- 
 ganized body, belonging to the Vegetable 
 Kingdom, see VEGETAL ; and distinguish- 
 ed from animals in general, see ANISIAL, 
 
 by the absence of sensibility, and of the 
 powers of voluntary locomotion. For the 
 distribution of plants in the Sexual, and 
 confessedly Artificial System, of Linnaeus, 
 
 see CRTPTOGAMIE, et PHANEROGAMIE. 
 In the Natural, and far more philosophical 
 Arrangement of Jussieu, the whole Plant- 
 
 445 
 
 PLE 
 
 Kingdom, das PJlanzenreich, G., is dis- 
 tributed into two Grand Divisions, Vas- 
 culares et Cellulares, L., respectively cha- 
 racterized by their vascular and cellular 
 structure, as by the presence, and absence, 
 of cotyledons, see COTYLEDON; and each 
 subdivided into two Classes, Dicolyledonea, 
 and MonocotyledonetB ; and Foliacece, and A- 
 phylla. SeeftOudorfsEncyclopadiaof Plants. 
 Part II. Plante du pied, see PLANTAIRE. 
 PLANTIGRADE, s. m., ct adj., plantigra- 
 dus (planta, the sole, gradior, to walk), L. : 
 an epithet employed, by Cuvier, to desig- 
 nate a tribe of Carnivorous Mammifera, les 
 PLANTiGRADES,pl., Plantlgrada,Yi.,A\Q 
 Fusssohlenschreitenden Thiere, G., which, 
 as the Badger and the Bear, bring the sole 
 of the foot completely to the earth in the act 
 of progression. See DIGITIGRADE. 
 
 PLANTI-SoUS-PHALANGIEN,adj., plan- 
 
 ti-infra-phalangianus, L. : PLANTI-TEN- 
 DINO-PHALANGIEN, adj., planti-tendino- 
 phalangianus,L. : epithets respectively ap- 
 plied,by Chaussier, and Dumas, to the Lum- 
 brici pedis muscles, see LOMBRICAL ; 
 from their points of attachment. 
 
 PLANTULE, s. f., plantula, f. L. : in Bo- 
 tany, the slender stem, which issues from 
 the earth, on the germination of a plant, 
 see PLUMULE. 
 
 PLASTIQUE, adj., plasticus ({rXaa-a-w, to 
 form), L., plastisch.bildend, G., plastic: 
 in Physiology,anepithetapplied to tne'potc- 
 er, Force plastique, F., nisus formativus, 
 L., der Bildungstreib, G., which deter- 
 mines the production of germs in organiz- 
 ed bodies.Argileplastique, plastischerlhon, 
 G., plastic clay. 
 
 PLATINE, s. m., platina, f., aurum al- 
 bum, L., die Platina, das Weissgold, G. : 
 the name of a solid metal introduced into 
 Europe, in 1741. Spec. Grav. 21,5. 
 
 PLATRE, s.m.,_ der Gyps, G., plaster: 
 sulphate of lime, deprived of its water of 
 crystallization by calcination. 
 
 PLEROSE, s. f., n -x*.wugts, plerosis, re- 
 pletio, f. L.I die Ausfullung, G.: ihejill- 
 ing-up, or restoration, of the animal body, 
 when worn down by abstinence or disease. 
 PLKROTiauEjadj., plerotic: an epithet, in 
 Therapeutics, applied to remedies, T !rxi- 
 garixci, reme&ia plerotica, L., see SARCO- 
 TIQUE, which are calculated to effect the 
 cicatrization of wound or sore. 
 
 PLJSTHORE, s. , f> irXx&^a:, plethora, 
 f. L. : a term literally signifying/wfass,re- 
 pletion, die Anfullung, G. ; but employed, 
 in Pathology, as designative of 'inordinate ful- 
 nessoftheblood-vessels, dieVollblutigkeit, 
 die Ueberfullung der Gef'dsse mit Blut, G. 
 PLETHORICIUE, adj., irXx^/xflf, pletho- 
 ricus, vollbliitig, plethoric : connected 
 with, or suffering from, plethora: -Xx^/*Ji 
 S/a&cr/j, a plethoric condition of the body. 
 
 PLEURE. See PLEVIIE.
 
 PLE 
 
 PLEtrRE'siE,s.f., % vrXwgirts, pleuresis, 
 pleuritis, f. L., die Pleuresie, Brustfel- 
 lentziindung, der Seitenstich, G , pleuri- 
 sy, inflammation of the Pleura, see PLE- 
 VRE : a disease belonging to the 3rd Or- 
 der of the Phlegmasies, P. des Membranes 
 sereuses, of the Nosographie Philosophique,of 
 Pinel; ordinarily distinguished into two 
 species, or varieties, the acute and chronic, 
 Ph. aigu<i,etchronique,F. It constitutes, 
 under the designation of Pleurite, the 7th 
 genus of the 5th Family, Pneumoses, in 
 the Nosologie Naturelle,o Alibert. PLECT- 
 B^TIQTTE, adj., vteuirixos, pleuriticus, 
 pleuritisch, pleuritic : connected with, 
 or suffering from, pleurisy. 
 
 PLEURODYNIE, s. f., pleurodynia, f. 
 (xteuQCL, the side, oSw;, pain), L. : in Patho- 
 logy, pain in the side, simulating pleurisy ; 
 but dependent on rheumatic inflammation 
 of the fibrous and muscular portions of the 
 thoracic parietes, and, more especially, of 
 the intercostal muscles. It is der aussere 
 rheumatische Brustschmerz, of German pa- 
 thological writers ; Thm-acodyne^L,., of the 
 Lexicographer, Kraus. 
 
 PLEURONECTE, s. m. : a genus of Mala- 
 copterygian Subbrachial Fishes, Pleuronec- 
 tes (<rXt/ga;, the side, wxrvs, a swimmer),L., 
 der Seitenschwimmer, der Plattfisch.G.; 
 constituting the type of the Family of the 
 Flat Fishes, PLEUHONECTIDES, s. m. pi., 
 Pleuronectidts, L., die Platlfische, G. 
 This, in modern Systems of Ichthyology, 
 comprehends several genera, as Platessa, 
 Hippoglossus, Rhombus, Solea, and Monochi- 
 rus, with their respective species : all cha- 
 racterized by their flat figure, and the dis- 
 position, curious in its relations to physio- 
 logy, of both eyes on the right, or left, side 
 of the head. Many of these side-swimming 
 
 fishes, as the Turbot, Rhombus olim P 
 
 maximus, le Turbot, F., der Steinbutt, 
 G., and the Sole, Solea vulgaris, olim P. 
 solea, \a.Sole dieMeerzunge constitute 
 delicate and highly-valued articles of diet. 
 
 PLEURO-PBRIPNEUMONIE, ou PLEURO- 
 PNEUMONIE, s. f., nleuro-peripneumonia, 
 pleuro-pneumonia, f. L,., diegleichzeitige 
 Entziindung des Brustfells undder Lungen, 
 G., simultaneous inflammation of thepleu- 
 ra, veXin^a,, and the lungs, o wiv/aav. 
 
 PLEURORRHEE, s. f., pleurorrhcea, f. 
 (frXsz/ga, the pleura, piu, to flow), L., An- 
 sammlung einer Flussigkeit in den Brust- 
 fells&cken, G., collection of fluid, in the 
 sacks of the pleura. 
 
 PI.EURORTHOPNEE, s. , pleurorthop- 
 ncea, f. (-rXjt/ja, the side, o^'owom, see OH- 
 THOPNEE), L,. : pain in the side, which ren- 
 ders the erect posture requisite for facility 
 of respiration. PLEUROSPASME, s. m., 
 pleurospasmus, m. L., der Seitenkrampf, 
 G., spasm in the side, the intercostal pain 
 of hysterical females ? 
 
 446 
 
 PLO 
 
 PLEUIIOTOTONOS, s. m., pleurothoto- 
 nus,m. (sTAsi^a, the side, T/w,to bend),L., 
 der Seitenstarrkrampf,G.;fe<awwsin which 
 the body is laterally bent. 
 
 PLEVRE, s. f., trXsuga, pleura, f. L., 
 das Brustfell, G. : in Anatomy, the de- 
 signation of two serous membranes which, 
 lining, on each side, the interior of the tho- 
 racic parietes, are, from them, reflected o- 
 ver the surface of each lung ; and thus con- 
 stitute proper sacks, the right and left of 
 the pleura, der rechte und linke Bmstfell- 
 sack, G., which adhere, below, to the tho- 
 racic surface of the diaphragm. The pleu- 
 rae, from their connections, are distinguish- 
 ed into the costal, pulmonary,ai\A diaphragm- 
 atic portions, Plevre costale, liippenfell, 
 G., pulmonaire, et diaphragmatique. 
 
 PLEXUS, S. m., F., et JL., ra srAsy^a, 
 
 das Geflecht, G. : in Anatomy, the designa- 
 nation of a net-work of blood-vessels, or of ner- 
 vous filaments. Of the vascular plexus, the 
 choroid, das After geflecht, of the ventri- 
 cles of the brain is a familiar illustration. 
 The nervous plexuses, plexus nervosi, L., 
 die ~Serveiageflechte, G., belong either 
 to the System of the encephalic or of the 
 trisplanchnic nerves. 
 
 PLIE, s. f. : a genus, formerly a species, 
 ~Platessa, L., belonging to the Family 
 of the Pleuronectes, see PLEURONECTE ; 
 comprehending, among other edible species, 
 the plaice, flounder, and dab. 
 
 PLIQUE, s. f., plica, f. L., der "Weich- 
 selzopf, Wichtelzopf, Judenzopf, der Pol- 
 nische Zopf, G. P. polonica, vel Tricho- 
 ma, est morbus Polonise endemius, conta- 
 giosus, chronicus, quo capilli capitis in u- 
 num cirrhum, vel plicam, concrescunt, in- 
 star caudae vaccinse, L. This singular dis- 
 ease, of which many varieties are describ- 
 ed by French writers, is characterized by 
 great irritation of the hairy scalp, and of 
 the whole system; and sometimes termin- 
 ates in marasmus and death. 
 
 PLOMB, s. m., .plumbum, n. L., a po- 
 x/SSj, das Blei, G., lead: a solid metal, 
 the Saturn, of the Alchymists, exist- 
 ing, in nature, in combination with oxygen 
 and sulphur. Spec. Gravity, 11,35. The 
 French and German Officinal Preparations 
 are, principally, an Acetate, Acetas Plum- 
 bi in crystallos concretus, vulgo Sacchar- 
 um Saturni, Ph. Gall., Essigsaures Blei, 
 Bleizucker.G.; a Liquid Subacetate, Sub- 
 acetas Plumbi liquidus, Bleiwasser,Gou- 
 lard'sches Wasser (Goulard-water); a Se- 
 mi-vitreous oxyde, Oxidum Plumbi Semi- 
 vitreum. Bleiglatte, see LITHARGE, 
 constituting the basis of the common lead- 
 plaster, see DIACHYLON ; and a Red Ox- 
 yde, Oxidum Plumbi rubrum, vulgo Mi- 
 nium, Rothes Bleioxyd, oder Rosenmen- 
 nige, which enters into the composition 
 of Empl. de Ox. Plumbi rubro, of French
 
 PNE 
 
 Pharmacology. The Germans have, more- 
 over, a Sub-carbonate, see CARBONATE, et 
 CERUSE ; of which the White-Lead Plaster, 
 and Ointment, Bleiweisspflaster,und -Sal- 
 be, are Officinal Compounds. 
 
 PLOMB, s. m.: the designation of a nox- 
 ious gas, ordinarily composed of atmosphe- 
 ric air and hydro-sulphate of ammonia ; 
 which is disengaged from privies during 
 the process of emptying ; and frequently 
 induces a dangerous or fatal asyphyxia in 
 the workmen, Vidangeurs, exposed to its 
 influence. 
 
 PtuiE, s. f., pluvia, f. Li., o vtros, 
 der Regen,F., rain : a meteorological phe- 
 nomenon, see METEORE. 
 
 PHTMACEAU, OU PLUMASSEAU, S. m., 
 
 linteolum, n. L., die Compresse, Wund- 
 faser, G. : a pad, or compress ; composed of 
 several layers of lint ; and employed, by 
 Surgeons, in the dressing of wound or sore. 
 Feathers, interposed between two folds of 
 linen, were used, by the Ancients, for this 
 purpose. Hence the origin of the French 
 term ; of the modern Latin synonym, plu 
 maceolus, and the German, jFWermeisser. 
 
 PLUMEUX, adj., plumosus, L., feder- 
 ig,G., feathered, plumose: an epithet spe- 
 cifically designative, in Zoology, and Bot- 
 any, of animals, and plants whose organs, as 
 the antennas, Antennes plumeuses, F., of 
 Lampyris plumosa ; and the petal, -federar- 
 tiges Kronenblatt, G., of Dianthus pluma- 
 rius, are barbed like the stem of & feather : 
 also, generally, of organs which, as the 
 stigma, s. plumosum, ofAvena elatior, ex- 
 hibit such construction. 
 
 Pi.UMULE,s.f., plumula,f.L., dasFe- 
 derchen,G.: that portion of the embryo de- 
 stined to become the stem of a plant. Sy- 
 non. with PLANTULE. 
 
 PLURILOCULAIRE, adj., plurilocularis, 
 L., see MUI.TILOCUI.AIRE. 
 
 PNEUMATIQUE, adj., pneumatisch,G., 
 pneumatic: an epithet designative, in A- 
 natomy, of the respiratory organs, ra. fy- 
 ya-va. xvivfAtn'rixai, organa pneumatica, die 
 Respirationsorgpne, G. : as essentially con- 
 nected with respiration, vrnuftu : in Medi- 
 cine, of certain physicians, PNEUMAT- 
 ISTES, s. m., pi., o'i VHUfta.nxe'i, medici 
 pneumatici, L., who constituted the pneu- 
 matic Sect or School, die pneumatische 
 Secte od. Schule,G. ; so termed, as profess- 
 ing the doctrine that health, and disease, 
 depend on the relations of an hypothetical 
 principle, PsEUMA,s.m., ro <rvst/fja,of the 
 Greeks, with the other elementary princi- 
 ples : in Physics, and Chemistry, that part 
 of Science which treats on gases ; and the 
 instruments, or apparatus, ap.pneumaticus, 
 Li., der pneumatische Apparat, G., em- 
 ployed in the examination of their physical 
 and chemical properties. PNEUMATIGME, 
 s. m. : the doctrine of the Pneumatists. 
 
 447 
 
 PNE 
 
 PNEUMATOCKLE, s. f., f> xnvpttr/Htfav) 
 pneumatocele,f. L., See PH YSOCELE. 
 
 PNEUMATO-CHiMiE,s.f., pneumato-che- 
 mia, f. L., die pneumatische Chemie, G., 
 pneumatic Chemistry. PNEUMATO-CHI- 
 MIQUE, adj.: an epithet applied to an ap- 
 paratus, Appareilpneumato-chimique,F., 
 das pneumato-chemische Werkzeug, G.; in- 
 vented, by Dr. Priestley, for experiments 
 upon the gases. 
 
 PNEUMATODE, adj., xnvptx.'rubvis, 
 
 pneumatodes,L.: distended with air, voll 
 .Luft, aufgeblasen, G.; affected with, or 
 short-breathed in consequence of, flatulence. 
 
 PNEUMATOMPHALE, s. m., TO vnvptt- 
 Ta^paXav?, pneumatomphalus, m. X.., 
 der Nabelwindbruch, G. : umbilical hernia, 
 distended by flatus. 
 
 PNEUMATO-RACHIS, s. m. F., f. (vevtu- 
 pa, air, p<i%is, the spine), L. : the presence 
 of an aeriform fluid in the vertebral canal. 
 
 PNEUMATOSE, s. f., ^rvevf^.araa'is, 
 pneumatosis, f. L. : 1 . distension of the 
 abdomen, dieAufblahung des Unterleib- 
 es,G., with flatus: 2. a synonym of Em- 
 physema, see EMPHYSEME : and, 3. the 
 general designation of all diseases, Mala- 
 dies venteuses, F., resulting from the pre- 
 sence afflatus. 
 
 PNEUMATO-THORAX, s. m., n. L., see 
 PNEUMO-THORAX. 
 
 PNEUMEMPHRAXIE,S. f., pneumonem- 
 phraxis,f.L., die Lungenverstopfung,G. : 
 obstruction, * '{ft,<f^a.^, of the lungs, o 
 wtvpuv, by an accumulation of mucus, or 
 other cause. 
 
 PNEUMOCELE, s. , pneumocele, f. 
 (tfvtvftav, the lung, xfan, hernia), L., der 
 Lungenbruch, G. : hernia ( Hernie thorac- 
 ique, Chaussier, Pneumonocele, Kraus), 
 formed by protrusion of the lung through 
 the thoracic parietes. 
 
 PNE UMOGASTRIQUE, adj., pneumogas- 
 tric : an epithet employed, by Chaussier, 
 to designate the nerve, nervus/mettmo^os- 
 tricus, L., der Lungenmagennerv, G., of 
 the 10th cerebral pair (8th, or par vagum, 
 of the older Anatomists), see NERF ; as 
 especially destined to supply, with its 
 branches, the lungs, -rvsi/^av, and the 
 stomach, yaatrt^. 
 
 PNEUMOGRAPHiE,s.f., pncumographia, 
 f.(srniY&/v,the lungs, y^u, to describe),L., 
 pneumograpby : an anatomical descrip- 
 tion of : PNEUMOLOGIE, s. f., pneumo- 
 logia, f. (same, and Kayos, a discourse), L., 
 pneumology : a Treatise on the lungs. 
 PNEUMOLITHIASE, s. f., pneumolithia- 
 sis, f. (-rvtufiav, the lungs, x/4/W/?, forma- 
 tion of stone), L. : a disease characterized 
 by the development of concretions, die 
 Lungensteinbildung, G.?, in the sub- 
 stance of the pulmonary organ. 
 
 PNEUMONALGIE, s. f., pneumonalgia,f. 
 ,-, pain), L., der Lungen-
 
 POD 
 
 schmerz, G., pain in the lungs : a term 
 employed, by Alibert, to designate Angina 
 pectaris; which constitutes the 5th genus 
 of the Pneumoses,in his Nosologie Naturelle. 
 PNEUMONIE, s. f., pneumonia, f., pul- 
 monis inflammatio, L., die Lungenent- 
 ziindung, G., pneumony, inflammation of 
 the parenchyma of the lungs, wivftav: a 
 diseaseconstitutingthe4th genus ofthe 4th 
 Order, of the Class, Phlegmasies, of Nosolo- 
 gie Philosophique of Pinel ; and principally 
 distinguished into twospecies,theacte,and 
 chronic, P. aigue, et chronique. PNEUMO- 
 NiauE, adj., vniiupwxas, pneumonisch, 
 G., pneumonic, pulmonary : pertaining 
 to, or suffering from disease of, the lungs : 
 <ra mtyMMHuk) remedia pneumonica, L., 
 die Z,w<7enmittel, G., remedies calculated 
 to afford relief in pulmonary affections. 
 
 PxEDMONiTE,s.f., pneumonitis, f. L. : 
 a term synon. with PNEUMONIE ; and con- 
 stituting the 6th genus of Pneumoses,in the 
 Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert : according 
 to Kraus, die achte Lungenentx'undung, 
 genuine pneumony. 
 
 PNEUMONORRHAGIE, ou PNEXJMORRHA- 
 GI E , s.f. , pneumonorrhagia, vel pneumorr- 
 hagia, f. (#nv/x.iuv, the lungs, f-hywpi, to burst 
 out), L., der Lungenblutfluss, G., pul- 
 monary haemorrhage. PHEUMONORRHEE, 
 s. f., pneumorrhoea, f. (same, and piu, to 
 flow), L., das habituelle Blutspeien, G., 
 habitual expectoration of blood. Pneumo- 
 no-scirrhus,s.ra. L., die scirrhoseLungen- 
 verhartung, G., scirrhus of the lungs. 
 
 PNEUMO-PERICARDE, s. m., pneumo- 
 pericardium, n. L.: collection of gas, vrnv- 
 ftix, in the pericardium, ro <ri(>ixafitav. 
 
 PNEUMOPHTHOE.OU PNEUMONOPHTHOE, 
 s. f. (vrvivpvv, the Iungs,<p0o)i, consumption), 
 F., et L., die Lungenschwindsucht, G., 
 pulmonary phthisis, see PHTHISIE. 
 
 PNEUMO-PLECRESIE,PNETTMONO-PLEU- 
 nksiE, s. f., pneumo-pleuritis, f. L.Synon. 
 with PJ.EURO-PNEUMONIE. 
 
 PNEUMOSE, s. , pneumosis, f. L. : the 
 designation of the 4th Family of Diseases 
 in the Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert; com- 
 prehending all the morbid affections of the 
 pulmonary System. 
 
 PNECMO-THORAX, s. m., pneumo- vel 
 pneumato-thorax, n- L., die Luftbrust, 
 G. : an accumulation of air, TO x*tvp,a, or 
 other gaseous fluid, in the cavities of the 
 pleura. The air, thus collected, may have 
 issued either from afistulous opening in the 
 lung, or have been given out in the de- 
 composition of fluids previously effosed. 
 
 PNEUMOTOMIE, morecorrectly,PNEU- 
 MONOTOMIE, s. f., pneumonotomia, f. 
 (vviupuv, the lungs, rfe,, incision), L,., der 
 Lungenschnitt, G., pneumonotomy : an- 
 atomical dissection of the lungs. 
 
 PODAGRE, s. f., f> xo$ci<yga, podagra, f. 
 L., das Podagra, die Fussgicht, G., gout 
 448 
 
 POI 
 
 in the feet. Jldj-, 
 
 podagricus, L. , podagrisch ,G. , podagral : 
 
 suffering from gouty pains in the feet, ra. 
 
 xa&a.yyx.a.. 
 
 PODARTHROCACE, S.f. (ifous, foot, 0.06^1, 
 
 a joint, xaxav, evil), F., et L., die Fuss- 
 gelenkkrankheit, G., disease, or caries, of 
 the articulations of the feet. 
 
 PODENCEPHALE, s. m., podencephalus, 
 m. L. : the term applied, by Geoffroy-St.- 
 Hilaire, to a genus of monsters ; compre- 
 hending those whose brain, 'fyxiipaXas, 
 situated externally to the cranium, is sus- 
 tained upon a pedicle, #<iu;, -ridos- 
 
 PODOSPERME, s. m., -podospermium, n. 
 (vrov;, a foot, frigfiet, seed), L. : in Botany, 
 the elongation, die Samenfuss, G., of pla- 
 centa, by which, composed of nutrient ves- 
 sels, each seed is attached to the parent plant. 
 Analogous, in function, with thefunis um- 
 bilicalis, see FUNICULE, of the foetus 
 of the Mammifera. 
 
 POIL, s. m., pilus, m. L., ^/|, das 
 Haar, G., hair: in Zoology, the desig- 
 nation of the corneous filaments, of variable 
 figure ; which, issuing from the skin, pene- 
 trate the epidermis, and invest the exterior 
 of Mammiferous Animals. In Man, they 
 cover the wholesurfaceofthebody, with the 
 exception of thepalmsofthehands,and soles 
 ofthe feet : and constitute, altogether, the 
 Pilary System, see PILAIRE. Tnisincludes 
 the hairs of the head, trunk and limbs, the 
 eye-brows, and eye-lashes; and those ofthe 
 beard, and of the axillary and pubic regions : 
 the former exist at the moment of birth ; 
 the latter are developed only at the age of 
 puberty. In Botany, the filamentous organs 
 which clothe the surface of plants. POIL- 
 EUX, POILU, adj., rpxudvs, pilosus, L., 
 
 haarig, behaart, G., hairy, covered with 
 hair; as the wing, and corselet, of divers In- 
 sects ; the leafot'Clidemia and the urn of 
 Bryum trichodes. 
 
 POINT, s. m., punctum, n. L.., der 
 Punkt, G., a point, see LACRYMAL ; P. 
 d?appui,F., thepointof support, fulcrum, 
 n. L., die Stiitze, G., of a lever. P. de 
 Cote : the popular designation of an acute 
 circumscribedpain, stitch, in the side, dis- 
 tinguished, in the language of Science, by 
 theterm, PLEURODYNIE. PoiNTiLLE.adj., 
 
 punctatus, L., getiipfelt, G., dotted : 
 marked with minute depressed points ; as, 
 in Zoology, the body of Perca punctulata ; 
 and the wing-case, elytron/>imcta<wm, of 
 certain Carabi : in Botany, the leaf, ge- 
 tupfeltes Blatt, G., of Anlhemis maritima. 
 
 PoiREAU,s.m.: in Botany, a species of the 
 genus, Allium, A.porrum, derSpanische 
 Lauch, Porrelauch, G., common Leek,. 
 indigenous and edible, see AIL : in Patho- 
 logy, the popular designation of warty ex- 
 crescences developed on the hands, and ex- 
 ternal organs of generation.
 
 POI 
 
 POIRIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Py- 
 rus ( Icosandria, monogyn. ; Rosacea), L. ; 
 comprehending, among other species, the 
 common Pear-, and Apple-tree, see POM- 
 MIER. The former, P. communis, der 
 Birnbaum, G., fi aivtos, Sw-> of the Greeks, 
 exhibits, in a state of cultivation, nume- 
 rous varieties ; and supplies a delicious 
 fruit, laPoire, pyrum, n.L., TO , 
 die Birn, G., the common pear. 
 
 Pois, s. rn. : a genus, in Botany, Pisum 
 CD iadelphia, decandr. ; Leguminosa), L., 
 dieErbse,G., the Pea; comprizing many 
 species : also, thesm/, TO W<rv, of thecowi- 
 mon pea, P. sativum, le Pois cuUive, 
 gemeine Erbse,G., farinaceous, and high- 
 ly nutritive. P. cTiris : a small pea-like mass 
 of the dried root of Iris florentina; em- 
 ployed in the dressing of issues. 
 
 POISON, s. m., ro rdZ,ixiv, toxicum, ve- 
 nenum, L., das Gift, G.: the designation 
 of every substance which, when introduced 
 into the living system, in a minute dose, 
 deranges the health, or destroys life. Poi- 
 sons are distinguished, from the natural 
 sources by which they are supplied, into 
 the animal,vegetable,sno. mineral; and from 
 the form which they assume, into the so- 
 lid, liquid, and aeriform, or gaseous. The first, 
 when emanating from the animal body in 
 a state of disease, are termed Virus. Orfila, 
 Traitc des Poisons, 2 vols. Paris, 1827, 
 has distributed all the known poisons in- 
 to four Classes : 1. the Irritating, Acrid, or 
 Corrosive ; 2. the Narcotic , 3. the Narco- 
 tico-Acrid; and, 4. the Septic or Putrefac- 
 tive. Of these, Christison, Treatise onPoi- 
 sons, 8vo. Edinburgh, 1834, retains, only, 
 the first three. See, also, Gmelin, Allge- 
 meine Geschichte der Thierischen und Min- 
 eralischen Gifle, und der Pflanzengifte, 2 
 vols. 8vo. Niirnberg, 1811, and 1803. 
 
 POISSON, s. m., piscis, m. L., o i%0vs, 
 der Fisch, G., a fish. POISSONS, pi., 
 Pisces, />'i 'l%0in;, die Fische, Fishes : 
 cold- and red-blooded oviparous animals ; 
 constituting, in the Linnaean and modern 
 Systems of Zoology, the 4th and 5th Class, 
 respectively, of the Sub-kingdom, Vertebra- 
 ta, vel Osteozoa. They are characterized, 
 externally, by a body constructed for mo- 
 tion in water, and usually covered with 
 scales, see ECAILLE, and by organs of 
 progression in the form of fins, see NA- 
 GEOIRE : internally, by possession of abi- 
 locular heart, seeC(Eca; of a permanent 
 branchial apparatus, see BRANCHIES, 
 for aquatic respiration ; and frequently by 
 the substitution of pyloric coeca for pan- 
 creas. Many, moreover, are provided with 
 an air- or swimming-bladder, see VESI- 
 CULE, the precise uses of which are yet 
 unknown. Fishes, from the peculiar struc- 
 ture of the bones of their skeleton, are com- 
 monly distributed into two Sub-classes, 
 
 449 
 
 POL 
 
 the Osseous, and ihe Cartilaginous, seeOs- 
 SEUX. Food, of an agreeable flavour, but 
 innutritious quality, is supplied by the 
 flesh of numerous fresh-water and marine 
 species. For an account of the Structure, 
 and Physiology, of Fishes, seeGoiian, His- 
 toire des Poissons, 4to., Strasbourg, 1770; 
 Bonnaterre,/cA?%o%ie,Fol. Paris, 1788: 
 of their modern Systematic Arrangement, 
 Cuvier, Regne Animal, vol. ii. : and of their 
 General and Particular History, Bloch's 
 splendid Work, see ICHTHYOLOGIE ; and 
 Cuvier and Valenciennes' Histoire des Pois- 
 sons, comprehending a description of more 
 than five thousand species. 
 
 POITRINE, s. f., pectus, n. L., breast, 
 or chest: a popular synonym of THORAX. 
 
 POIVRE, s. m., fi mrtfb) der Pfefier, 
 oder das Pfefferkorn, G , pepper: the a- 
 romatic fruit, rubefacient, stimulating, and 
 tonic, of divers species of the Pepper-plant, 
 POIVRIER, s. m.: a genus, in Botany,Pi- 
 per(Diandria,trigyn.; Piperaceae), L ., r 
 nivip, der Pfeffer, oder P.-baum, G. Of 
 the numerous exotic species which it com- 
 prebends, those which more directly inter- 
 est the physician and domestic economist, 
 are, 1. the "Betel-Pepper, P.betle, derBe- 
 telpfeff'er, G., see BETEL ; 2. the Cubeb, 
 P. caudalum,ve\ cubeba, P. pedicelle,F ., 
 der Schwanzpfeffer, see CUBEBE ; 3. 
 the long, P. lonyum, le Poivre long, der 
 lange ; and, 4. the black, P. nigrum, 
 le Poivre commun, ou aromatique, der ge- 
 meine Pfeffer. 
 
 Poix, s. f., yr'nftra, pix, picis, f. L., 
 das Pech,G., pitch : the inflammable pro- 
 duct of divers species of Abies, and Pinus, 
 see PIN. The two species, employed in 
 Medicine, are the Burgundy-, P. blanche, 
 jaune, deBourgognc,Galipot,F., P/*Bur- 
 gundica (Resina abietis vel abietina,of Bri- 
 tish Pharmacology), L., Burgundisches 
 Pech,G.\ and the common black , P.na- 
 vale, ou noire, Pix navalis vel nigra, das 
 SchifFspecA, schwarzes Pech, GOUDRON. 
 
 POLLEN, s. m., n. L., der Blumen- 
 staub, Fruchtstaub, Saamenstaub, G. : in 
 Botany, the subtle powder contained in the 
 cells or the anther previously to fecunda- 
 tion. Each grain of this seminal powder, 
 exhibiting great variety of figure is, itself j 
 a minute membranous cell which encloses 
 the fecundating fluid of the plant. 
 
 POLLUTION, s. f., pollutic, f. L., die 
 Befleckung, G.: Emission dusperme hors le 
 temps du coit. See MASTUPKATION, et O- 
 
 NEIROGONE. 
 
 POLYADELPHIE, s. f., Polyadelphia, f. 
 (ro>.vs, many, aSsXipaj, a brother), L., die 
 Polyadelphie, G.: the name of 18th Class, 
 of the Sexual System, of Linnaeus ; com- 
 prehending plants with hermaphrodite 
 flowers, the filaments of whose stamens, as 
 those of Citrus, and Hypericum, are united 
 
 2G
 
 POL 
 
 into several packets. POLYADELPHE, Po- 
 LYAt>ELpHiQUE,adj., polyadelphus,L., 
 vielbriiderigjG., polyadelphous : pertain- 
 ing to Polyadelphia. 
 
 PoLY-ffiMIE, S. f., vo>*vKifi.ia, polyae- 
 tnia, f. L.: excess of blood, see PLETHORE. 
 
 POLYANDRIE, s. , Polyandria, f. (<ra- 
 Xv?,many, vj, a^aj, a male), L., die Po- 
 lyandrie,G.: the designation,in the Sexual 
 System of Linnaeus, of the 13th Class and 
 three Orders; comprehending plants whose 
 flowers, Fleurs polyandres, F., flores po- 
 lyandri, L-, vielmannige Bliithen, G., as 
 those of Papaver, possess more than twenty 
 stamens. PoLYANDRiQUE,adj., polyand- 
 ricus, L. : pertaining to Polyandria. 
 
 POLYANTHE, adj., *aX</av0i;, vielblii- 
 thig, G., many-flowered : an epithet de- 
 signative of plants which, as Mesembryan- 
 themum polyanthemum, produce ; and of 
 spathee, which, as that of Narcissus polyan- 
 thus, enclose many flowers. 
 
 POLYCEPHALE, adj., sTaXuxsipaXaj, pO- 
 
 lycephalus, L., vielkopfig, G., polyce- 
 phalous : an epithet designative, in Bota- 
 ny, of plants which, as Trifolium polycepha~ 
 lum, exhibit many heads or summits. POLY- 
 CEPHALE, s. m., polycephalus, m. L. : a 
 genus of Entozoa; instituted, by Goeze, to 
 include certain species of! and, among o- 
 thers, the cerebral hydatids; character- 
 ized by a cylindrical body which termin- 
 ates in a sack common to several individu- 
 als. The only species, described, and fi- 
 gured, by Joerdens, see Helminthologie des 
 Menschl. Korpers, p. 62, pi. vii, is the P. 
 hominis, der Menschenw'etto/^ 
 
 POLYCHOLIE, s. f., polycholia, f.(#oxii s , 
 much, aXj, bile), L., dieGallsucht , Ueber- 
 fluss von Galle, G., an exuberant secretion 
 of bile. 
 
 PoLYCHRESTE,adj., 5TaXy^>)irTy, viel 
 
 niitzend, G., very useful ; as the Salpo- 
 lychrestus, L., das Polychrestsalz,G . (Sul- 
 phate of Potass), of older Dispensatories. 
 
 PoLYCHYLiE,s.f., polychylia, f.(5raXt/s, 
 much,^(/Xo5,chyle),L., dieVollsaftigkeit, 
 G., excess of chyle. naXy^t/^aj, adj.: a- 
 bounding in juice, or sap. 
 
 POLYCOPRIE, s. f., polycopria, f.fsame, 
 and xoyf^as, excrement), L., der Abgang 
 einer grossen Menge Koth, G., excessive e- 
 vacuation offeces. POLYDACRIE,S. f., po- 
 lydacria, f. L. : excessive secretion of tears, 
 
 loLKyja,. 
 
 PoLYDACTYLE.adj., ^aXuSaxryXaj, 
 
 many-fingered. POLYDACTYLIE, s.f., po- 
 lydactylia, f. L. : a genus of human mon- 
 strosity ; characterized by the existence of 
 supernumerary fingers. 
 
 POLYDIPSIE, s. f., polydipsia, f. (?raXu- 
 5n/sf, very thirsty ),L., verstarkterDurst, 
 G insatiable thirst : a morbid condition, 
 constituting the 4th genus of Gastroses, in 
 the Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 450 
 
 POL 
 
 POLYGALA, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Polygala ( Diadelphia, octandria), L., die 
 Kreuzblume,G., Milk wort ; constituting 
 the type of the Polygaleee, POLYGALEES, 
 s. f., pi. ; and comprehending many species. 
 Of these, the P. senega, le Polyg. de Vir- 
 ginie, das Klapperschlangenwurz, G., 
 rattle-snake-root, bitter and aromatic, is 
 employed, in North America, as an anti- 
 dote to the bite of venomous serpents ; and 
 P. amara, le P. amer, is endowed with 
 like, but less energetic, properties. 
 
 POLYGAMIE, S. f., ri tfaXyya^/a, poly- 
 
 gainia, f. L., die Polygamie, G., polyga- 
 my : in common language, plurality of 
 wives or husbands: in Botany, the designa- 
 tion of 23rd Class, of the Sexual System 
 of Linnaeus ; comprehending plants which 
 produce hermaphrodite and unisexualflow- 
 ers, male or female, or both, on the same 
 individual. Distributed into three Orders, 
 Afonoecia,Dioecia,a.nd Trioccia. POLYGA- 
 ME, adj., foXvya.fio;, polygamus, L., 
 vielweiberig, G., polygamous : living in 
 a state of polygamy ; exhibiting, as divers 
 plants, the polygamous character. POLY- 
 GAMIQUE, adj.: belonging to Polygamia. 
 
 POLYGONE, adj., voXv'yuvios, polygon- 
 us, L., polygonal : the Greek synonym of 
 
 MULTANGULE. PoLYGONEES, S. f., pi., 
 
 Polygonece, L., die Ampfergewachse, G.: 
 in Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous a- 
 petalous plants, with perigynous stamens ; 
 having, for type, the genus, Polygonum, 
 see REKOUEE. 
 
 POLYGURIE, s. f., polyguria, f. L.: ex- 
 cessive excretion of urine, al^at. 
 
 POL YGYXIE, s. f., Polygynia, f. (vuXv; , 
 many, yuvri, a female), L., die Polygynie, 
 Vielweiberei, G. : the designation of four 
 Orders, in the Sexual System of Linnaeus ; 
 comprehending plants with many female or- 
 gans, or pistils, in each flower. POLYG YNE, 
 adj., polygynus,L., vielweibig,G., po- 
 lygynous: possessing many pistils. POLY- 
 GYNIQUE, adj. : pertaining to Polygynia. 
 
 POLYHIDRIE, s. f., polyidria, f. (sroXi/;, 
 much, <$?, sweat), L., ubermassiger 
 Schweiss, G., excessive perspiration. 
 
 POLYMERISME,S. m., ri iri>Xv/u.i^lia, pO- 
 
 lymerismus, m. L-, polymerism : a spe- 
 cies of monstrosity; consisting in the pre- 
 sence of a multiplicity of parts. 
 
 POLYMORPHE, adj., ^oXy^ojlfa?, poly- 
 
 morphus.L., vielformig, vielgestaltig, G., 
 polymorphous : exhibiting many varie- 
 ties of figure ; as, in Botany, the leaf of 
 Gompholobium polymorphum. 
 
 POLYOREXIE, s. f., Polyorexia, f. (r- 
 Xi/y, much, opfyt, appetite), L. : excessive 
 hunger; constituting the first genus ofGas- 
 troses, in the Nosologie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 POLYPE, s. m., o *a< i <rXu(rf, poly- 
 pus, m. L., der Polyp, G., polype : in 
 Zoology, a Class of Zoophytes ; constitut-
 
 POL 
 
 ing the 2nd of the Sub-regnum, Anita vel 
 Cryptoneura, of Owen; and 3rd of the Cy- 
 cloneura, vel Radiatn, of Grant : in Chirur- 
 gical Pathology, a morbid excrescence deve- 
 loped in a mucous membrane, as that of 
 the nasal fossae, the bladder, or the womb. 
 
 POLYPETALE, adj., polypetalus (*t>*.v;, 
 many, *s<rXav, a petal), L., vielblumen- 
 blattrig, G. : composed of many petals ; as 
 the polypetalous corolla, cor. polypetala, L., 
 of the Rosacea. 
 
 PoLYPHAGE,adj., Ai/<pyas, polypha- 
 gus, L., gefrassig.G., polyphagous : de- 
 vouring indiscriminately all sorts of food ; 
 exhibiting voracity, POLYPHAGIE, s. f., 
 fi voXvif/ayiK, polyphagia, f. L., die Ge- 
 frassigkeit, G. 
 
 POLYPHARMACIE, s. f., polypharmacia, 
 f. (voKus, many, ipa^aaxav, a drug), L., die 
 Polypharmacie,G. : the prescription of ma- 
 ny drugs in one compound. POLYPHARM- 
 AQUE, adj., ?raXu<pawtaxof, polypharma- 
 cus, L. : an epithet designative of physici- 
 ans, M.edicipolypharmaci,Ij., who are ad- 
 dieted to the sin of polypharmacy. 
 
 POLYPHYLLE, adj., KoXvlfuXXits, viel- 
 
 bliittrig,G., polyphyllous : an epithet de- 
 signative, in Botany, of plants which, as 
 Lotus polyphyllus, bear many leaves ; and of 
 the organs of plants which, as the compound 
 leaf of. Indigofera polyphylla, is composed of 
 many leaflets ; and as the calyx of Cheiranth- 
 us, of many calyx-leaves or sepals. 
 
 PoLYRRHizE,adj., vn>>.i>(pi&s, vielwur- 
 zelig, G., many-rooted : furnished with 
 many roots ; as, in Botany, a species ofHy- 
 drocot.yle, H. polyrrhiza. 
 
 POLYSARCIK, S. f., fl Ve^Uff/x^Kia., poly- 
 
 sarcia, f. L., die Polysarkie, G. : a term 
 literally signifying fulness of flesh ; but 
 commonly employed as designative of cor- 
 pulence ; and distinguished, by the French 
 Lexicographers, into two species, P. adi- 
 peuse, die Fettleibigkeit, G., see OBE- 
 sixfc; and P.chamue, Fleischiiberfluss. 
 POLYSIALIE, s. f., polysialia, f. (<rxi/?, 
 much, m'aXav, saliva), L., der Speichelu- 
 berfluss, G. : excessive secretion of saliva. 
 
 PoLYSPERMATiaUE,POLYSPERME,adj., 
 
 rXiWsflts, vielsaamigjG., polysper- 
 mous : an epithet, in Botany, designative 
 of plants, whose seed-vessels, as the capsule 
 ofJusticia , and the legume of Goodia po- 
 lyaperma, contain many seeds. 
 
 POLYTROPHIE, S. f., M *aXt>T8<p/a, po- 
 
 lytrophia, f.L., die starke Ernahrung,G., 
 abundant supply of nourishment ; exces- 
 sive activity of the process of nutrition, 
 see HYPERTROPHIE. naXi/<rgo<paj, adj., 
 abundantly fed. 
 
 POLYURIE, s. f., polyuria, f. L., see 
 POLYGURIE, die h'dufige Ab- und Ausson- 
 derung des Harns,G.: the first genus of 
 the Uroses, or 4th Family of Diseases, of 
 the Nosologie Naiurette, of Aliberl. 
 451 
 
 POR 
 
 POMMATJE, s. f., die Pomade, G. : a 
 pharmaceutical compound, for external ap- 
 plication, of soft or unctuous consistence ; 
 and ordinarily aromatized and coloured. 
 
 POMSIE, s. f., pomum, n. L-, der Ap- 
 fel,G. : in Botany, a fleshy, solid, pulpy pe- 
 ricarp, containing a membranous capsule in 
 which the seeds, see PEFIN, are lodged : 
 also, the edible fruit, r ^SjXav, malum, n. 
 L., apple, of the apple-tree, POMMIER, 
 s. m., Pyrus malus, /MJJX/J, der Apfel- 
 baum, G., see POIRIER. 
 
 PONCTION, s. f., punctio, f. L., die 
 Punctur,G., punction : in Operative Sur- 
 gery, the act of perforating with a pointed 
 instrument, the parietes of any cavity, or 
 tumour, of the animal body, for the evacua- 
 tion of fluids therein extravasated. See 
 PARACENTESE. 
 
 PONT de Varole, s. m., pens Varoli, L., 
 die Varolische Brucke, G. : a term appli- 
 ed, by some Anatomists, to the mesoccphal- 
 on, seeMEsocfcpHALE, ofChaussier,the 
 tuber annularf, see PROTUBERANCE, of 
 preceding writers. 
 
 POPLITE, adj., popliteus, L., popli- 
 teal : an epithet designative, in Anatomy, 
 of parts, or organs, which constitute, or are 
 situated in, the ham, poples, L., see JAR- 
 RET ; as, 1. nMuscle, M. poplite ( FEM- 
 
 ORO-PoPLITI-TlBIAL, Ch.), PoplltcUS, L., 
 
 der Kniekehlenmuske\,G. : 2. an Artery, 
 V After e poplitee(Portwn poplitee de la cr u- 
 rale, Ch.), arteria poplitea, L., a contin- 
 uation of the trunk of the femoral ; which 
 assumes the name of popliteal from the 
 point of transit through the great Adduc- 
 tor Muscle to that of its division into the 
 peroneal and posterior tibial branches, 
 see PKRONIER, et TIBIAL : 3. a Vein, 
 Veine poplitee, situated posteriorly to, and 
 exhibiting the same disposition as, the ar- 
 tery : and, 4. a Nerve, N erf poplite, ner- 
 vus popliteus, resulting from bifurcation 
 of the sciatic, and consisting of, a. an exter- 
 nal branch, N.poplite e#<erne(branche pe- 
 roniere, Ch.), see PERONIER; and,b. an 
 internal, N. popl. interne (br. tibiale,Ch.), 
 see TIBIAL. In Surgical Pathology, A- 
 neurism, YAnevrisme poplite, das Aneu- 
 rysma der JTnieAre^enschlagader, G. 
 
 PORE, s. m., o iroaj, porus, m. L., 
 die Pore, das Lochelchen, G.: in Physics, 
 the minute interval which separates the in- 
 tegrant molecules of solid bodies : in Ana- 
 tomy, the presumed orifices of the exhaling 
 and absorbent vessels, Pores exhalants et 
 absorbants,F., which terminate on the sur- 
 faces of the various membranes : in Bota- 
 ny, minute orifices of plants, as those which 
 contain the sporules of the Boleti. POR- 
 EUX, adj., porosus, L., poros, locherig, 
 G., porous : exhibiting visible pores. 
 
 POROCELE, s. f., fragaxn'xj), porocele, 
 f.L.: according to the Greet writers onPa- 
 
 2G2
 
 POT 
 
 thology, scirrhus of the testis; to the French 
 and German, intestinal hernia, with thick- 
 ening and induration of the envelopes, der 
 Steinbruch,G. PoRO>iPHALE,s.m., ro ttu- 
 gipqiuXov, poromphalus,m.L., schirrosity 
 of the navel; umbilical hernia, with thick- 
 ened and indurated coverings, der Nabel- 
 steinbruch,of the Germans. 
 
 PORRACE, adj., porraceus, L., porra- 
 ceous : an epithet applied to the excretions 
 of the animal body, as expectoration, or fe- 
 ces, when exhibiting the colour of the leek, 
 porrum, L., see POIREAU. 
 
 PORRIGINEUX, adj., porriginosus,L., 
 schorfig, grindig, G., scurfy : an epithet 
 applied, by Alibert, to a species of Tinea, 
 Teignefurfuracee, F., PORRIGO,S. m.,et f., 
 of French and Latin writers. 
 
 PORTE (Veine), s. f. : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy, to the venous System of the abdo- 
 men, Systema vence portarum, L., das 
 Pfortadersystem, G. ; composed of two 
 trunks, the abdominal and hepatic, V.porte 
 abdominale, et hcpatique. The vena porta- 
 rum, diePfortader,G., returns the blood 
 from all the abdominal and pelvic organs, 
 except the kidneys, bladder, and uterus ; 
 and, unlike the other parts of the venous 
 System, is destitute of valves. 
 
 PoRTE-AlGUILLE, S. m., PoRTE-BoU- 
 
 GIE, s. m., PoRTE-MicHE, s. m. : instru- 
 ments constructed of steel, silver, or caout- 
 chouc ; and employed, by Surgeons, to fa- 
 cilitate the introduction of the needle, the 
 urethral bougie, and of lint into a fistulous 
 sore, respectively. 
 
 PORTE-PIERRE, s. m. : a case for con- 
 taining the fused nitrate of silver, employ- 
 ed in the cauterization of wound or sore. 
 PORTE-SONDE, s. m. : a sort of porte-cray- 
 on, destined to facilitate the introduction 
 of the style into the nasal duct, according 
 to the process of Laforest. 
 
 POSTHITE, s. f., posthitis, f. L., die 
 Entziindung, inflammatio : POSTHON- 
 CIE, s. f., L., die Geschwullst des m'dnn- 
 lichen Gliedes,o&. der Vorhaut,G., tumor, 
 oyx.t>;, membri virilis,ve\prceputii, ti vrMii. 
 
 POTASSE, s. f., potassa, f. L., die Pot- 
 tasche, G., potass: oxide of POTASSIUM, 
 s. m., n. L., the metallic basis of potass, 
 discovered, by Davy, in 1807- Pure potass, 
 in a solid form, and in solution, as the P. a 
 la Chaux of French, and Liquor potasses of 
 British Pharmacology, constitutes an im- 
 portant therapeutic agent. For the other 
 Medicinal Compounds, and Preparations, of 
 Potass, see ACETATE, CARBONATE, NI- 
 TRATE, SULFATE, et SULFUHE. 
 
 POTEXTIEL, adj., potentialis, L. : an 
 epithetopposed.in signification, toAcTiiEL. 
 
 POTIOX, s. f., potio, f. L., der Arzen- 
 eitrank, G. : in French Pharmacy, a liquid 
 compound, of four or six ounces' measure ; 
 administered by spoonfuls. 
 
 452 
 
 PRE 
 
 POTT, s. m. : a genus of Parasitic Insects, 
 Pediculus, L,, fhig, die Laus, G., 
 the Louse; belonging to the Order, Aptera , 
 and constituting the type of the Pediculi- 
 dee, L., PEDICULIDES, s. m. pi. Thehead, 
 body, and pubic region, of Man, in his sa- 
 vage or degraded state, are, respectively, 
 infested by the following species: 1. P.cap- 
 itis, Pou de la tete, F., die Kopffows, G. ; 
 2. P.corporis, P. de corps, dieLeib/nws,- 
 and, 3. P. pubis, see MORPION, and, also, 
 PHTHIRIASE. 
 
 POUCE, s. m. : the designation of the first 
 finger, see DOIGT, et ORTEII,, in Man, 
 and the Quadrumana. 
 
 POUDRE, s. f., pulvis, m. L., dasPul- 
 ver, G., powder : in Pharmacy, a sub- 
 stance reduced into minute particles, by 
 the process of pulverization. 
 
 POULS, s. m., pulsatio,f., pulsus, m.L., 
 der Puls, G., pulse : the stroke of the 
 arteries ; resulting from the afflux of blood 
 on each contraction of the heart. 
 
 POUMON, s. m., o xvtvpu't, pulmo, m. 
 L., die Lunge, G., lung : in Anatomy, 
 the organ of respiration, of the Mammifera, 
 Birds, Reptiles, and Amphibia. The lungs, 
 pulmoncs, L-, die Lungen, G., are two 
 in number ; contained in the thoracic cavi- 
 ty ; and separated, from each other, by the 
 mediastinum, and, from the abdomen, by 
 the diaphragm,whenever these septa exist. 
 
 POUHPRE, s. m., Purpura, f. L. : a ge- 
 nus of Diseases, belonging to the Order, 
 Exanthemata, of Willan ; by whom four 
 species are discriminated. It is character- 
 ized by the eruption of purple spots over 
 the surface of the body. PouRFRE,adj., 
 purpureus,L., purpurroth, G., purple : 
 an epithet applied, by Hoffmann, to miliary 
 fever, Fievre pourpree, see MILIAIRE. 
 
 POURHITURE, s. f., putredo, f. L. : a 
 term literally signifying putridity, die 
 Faulniss, G. ; but commonly employed to 
 designate the rot in sheep, die Lungen- 
 f aule der Schafe. P. cTHopital, gangrce- 
 na nosocomialis, L., der Hospitalirawrf, 
 G., hospital-gangrene. 
 
 PRECIPITATION,S., prsecipitatio, f. L., 
 die Niederschlagung, G. : in Chemistry, 
 the phenomenon observed, when any sub- 
 stance quits the fluid wherein it has been 
 held in solution, and is deposited in the 
 form of flake, powder, or crystal. PRECIPI- 
 TJS, s. m., and adj., praecipitatum, n., 
 praecipitatus, L., das Niederschlag, G. : 
 the result of the process of precipitation ; 
 Prccipite blanc, et rouge, see MERCURE. 
 Pauls precijnte, a hurried pulse. 
 
 PRECORDIAL, adj., pertaining to the 
 prcecordia, or region of the heart, die Ge- 
 gend der Herzgrube, G. : an epithet syn- 
 on. with EPIGASTRIQUE. Region precordia/e, 
 see EPIGASTFE ; Anxiete prvcordiale, 
 see EFIGASTHALGIE.
 
 PRE 
 
 ,PRECURSEUR, adj., prsecursorius (prce- 
 curro, to run before), L., vorlaufig,G., 
 precursory : an epithet applied, in Patho- 
 logy, to the phenomena, Phenomenes pre- 
 curseurs, F., which precede the actual de- 
 velopment of a disease. 
 
 PREDORSAL, adj., prsedorsalis, situated 
 anteriorly to the back ; as the anterior sur- 
 face, Face predorsale, of the dorsal por- 
 tion of the vertebral column. 
 
 PREDORSO-ATL01DIEN,-CERVICAL,S.m., 
 
 and adj., prsedorso-atloideus, prsedorso- 
 cervicalis, L.: epithets respectively em- 
 ployed, by Cbaussier, and Dumas, to de- 
 signate the Longus Colli, muscle; from its 
 attachments. See LONG. 
 
 PREHENSION', s.f., prehensio,f. L. : the 
 act of seizing. Hence, the organs of ani- 
 mals destined to perform this act, as the 
 hand of Man and the Quadrumana, the an- 
 terior paw of the Felidce, the beak, and claw, 
 of the Raptorial Birds, and the teeth of di- 
 vers Reptiles and Fishes, are termed organs 
 of prehension. PREHENSILE, adj.: formed 
 for prehension ; as the organs of capture in 
 general ; and the prehensile tail, cauda pre- 
 hensilis, L., der Fa#schwanz,G., of the 
 Cebi, among the Quadrumana. 
 
 PRELOMBAiRE,adj., praelumbaris,L., 
 prelumbar : situated anteriorli/to the loins; 
 as the surface, Face prtlombaire, of the 
 lumbar portion of the vertebral column. 
 
 PRELOMBO-PUBIEN, -Sus-PuBiEN, s. 
 m. and adj., prselumbo-pubianus,prselum- 
 bo-supra-pubianus, L.: epithets applied, 
 respectively, by Dumas, and Chaussier, to 
 the Psoas parvus muscle ; from its attach- 
 ments. See PSOAS. 
 
 PRELOMBO-THORACi<juE,adj., prselum- 
 bo-thoracicus. L.. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Vena AZYGOS. 
 
 PRELOMBO-TROCHANTIN,-TROCHANTE- 
 RIEN, s. m., and adj., prselumbo-trochan- 
 tianus, prelumbo-trochantinianus,L.: epi- 
 thets applied, respectively, by Dumas, and 
 Chaussier, to the PSOAS magnus muscle. 
 
 PREPUCE, s. m., prseputium, n. L., 
 w vr'offQn, der Vorhaut, G., prepuce or 
 fore-skin : the fold of integument which sur- 
 rounds, and envelopes, the glans penis. 
 
 PRESBYTiE,s.f., presbytia, presbyopia, 
 f. L., die Fernsichtigkeit, G., far-sight- 
 edness : a defect of vision consequent on flat- 
 tening of the cornea and partial loss of the 
 refractive power of the eye. Common, but 
 not peculiar, to old age, ^urSurtis. 
 
 PRESPINAL, adj., prsespinalis, L. : si- 
 tuated anteriorly to the spine ; as the pre- 
 spimil surface, Face prespinale, F., of 
 the vertebral column. 
 
 PRESSOIR d 1 Herophile. See CONFLUENT. 
 
 PRETIBIAL, adj., praetibialis, L. : situ- 
 ated anteriorly to the tibia. 
 
 tails 
 
 PRETiBio-DiGiTAL,adj., prsetibio-digi- 
 lis, L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 
 PRO 
 
 to themusculo-cutaneous nerve, MUSCULO- 
 CUTANE, of the human leg. PRETIBIO- 
 SUS-PHALANGETAIRE, adj., prsetibio-su- 
 pra-phalangetaris,L.: by the same, to the 
 anterior tibial nerve, see TIBIAL. 
 
 PRIAPISME, s. m., a -reixiritrftof, Pria- 
 pismus, m. L.,andG., priapism: membri 
 virilis diutina et ingrata sine libidine erec- 
 tio, L., krampfartige Aufrichtung des 
 mannlichen Gliedes, G. 
 
 PRIMIPARE, adj., primiparus.L. : an e- 
 pithet applied to a woman, mulier primi- 
 para, L., n vgaroToxos, who has brought 
 forth her first child. PRIMIPARITE, s. f. : 
 the condition of a primiparous female. 
 
 PRiMi-STERNAL,adj., primi-sternaHs, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Be'clard, to the 
 first piece of the sternum. 
 
 PRocATARcxiauE,adj., procatarcticus, 
 L. : an epithet applied, in Pathology, to 
 the remote or predisponent causes, airiai 
 vgox.tt.ra.fiK'rixa, vorbereitende\Jrsachen,(j. } 
 of a disease. 
 
 PROCEDE, s. m., processus, m., ratio, f. 
 L., process : in Chemistry, and Pharma- 
 cy, the series of operations requisite for 
 the obtainment of a given product or re- 
 sult : chymischer Prozess, G., a chemical 
 process. In Surgery, the peculiar mode of 
 performing an operation. 
 
 PROCES, s. m., processus, m. L., pro- 
 cess : a term applied, in Anatomy, to cer- 
 tain parts and organs, apparently prolonged 
 beyond others with which they are con- 
 nected, see CILIAIHE, et MAMILLAIRE. 
 For the processes of bones, see APOPHYSE. 
 
 PHOCIDENCE, s. f., procidentia, f. L., 
 see PROLAPSE. 
 
 PROCTAGRE, s. f., proctagra, f. (<rpurof, 
 anus, yga, seizure), L., der arthritische 
 Afterschmerz,G., arthritic pain : PHOC- 
 TALGIE, s. f., proctalgia, f. (saw^.and H\- 
 yos, pain),L., derAfterschnierz, -pain, of 
 ordinary character, in the anus. 
 
 PROCTITE, s.f., proctitis,f. L., die Af- 
 
 terentziindung, G., inflammation : 
 
 PROCTONCIE, s. f., proctoncus, f. L.., die 
 Aftergeschwullst,G., tumefaction, o<yxo;, 
 of the anus, o vgax.ro;, der After, G. 
 
 PROCTOPTOSE, s. f., proctoptosis, f. 
 (f^axTo;, and fTua-is, a falling-down), pro- 
 lapsus ani, L., der Aftervorfall, G. : a 
 term regarded, by the Lexicographers, as 
 synon. with PROCTOCELE, s. f. F., et L. ; 
 which more properly indicates an hernia- 
 like protrusion, xU, of the rectum 
 
 through theanus, a morbid condition con- 
 stituting the genus, Exania, see EXANIE, 
 of Sauvages. 
 
 PROCTORRHAGIE, s. f., proctorrhagia,f. 
 (vguxros, pvyvvfti, to burst out), L., der 
 Afterblutnuss, G., haemorrhage from : 
 PiiocTORHHEE,s.f., proctorrhcea,f.CsaTOe, 
 and p'iu, to flow),L., der Afterfluss, con- 
 tinued flow of blood or mucus from the amis. 
 
 453
 
 PRO 
 
 PRODUCTION, s. , productio, f. L. : a 
 term, in Anatomy, synon. with PROLONGE- 
 MENT. Pr. accidenlelle: in Pathological A- 
 natomy,an adventitious structure, seeAc- 
 
 CIDENTEL. 
 
 PRODUIT, s. m., das Product,G., pro- 
 duct : the tangible result of a chemical or 
 pharmaceutical process. 
 
 PaoFOND,adj., profundus, L., tief,G., 
 deep : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to certain deep-seated muscles and blood-ves- 
 sels ; as the Flexor digitorum profundus of 
 the fore-arm, see PERFORANT : the arte- 
 ria pro/undo, femoris, Artere profonde ( 
 grande musculaire, Ch.), de la cuisse, 
 tiefe Oberschenkelschlagader, G., branch 
 of the crural, supplying the external and 
 internal circumflex, see CIRCONFLEXE, 
 and three perforating branches ; and ar- 
 teria profunda penis, tiefe Ruthenschlag- 
 ader, 1' 'Artere caverneuse, of French anato- 
 mical writers. 
 
 PROGNOSTIC, ou PRONOSTIC, s. m., 
 vrgiyvuffis, prognosis, f. L.., die Prognose, 
 G., fore-knowledge, prescience : in Patho- 
 logy, the prognostication, or prediction,of the 
 issue of a disease, die Vorhersaguny des 
 Ausgangs einer Krankheit, G. PROGNOS- 
 
 TIQUE, adj., cf^ayvaa-rixas, prognostisch, 
 
 G. ? prognostic : an epithet applied to the 
 signs, signa prognostica, L.., which direct 
 the physician, or surgeon, in the formation 
 of his prognosis. 
 
 PROGRESSION, s. f., progressio, f. L., 
 "> "*e o ;t**"'' / 5 die Progression, G. : the act 
 of going forward. For an account of the 
 organs of progression of divers Animals, 
 see AILE, CIL, NAGEOIRE, PIED. 
 
 PROLAPSUS, s. m. : a term borrowed, 
 from the Latin, to designate, in Pathology, 
 the sinking-down of an organ, derVorfall, 
 G., see ABAissEMENT,et CHUTE, from 
 its natural site ; as Prolapsus de la matrice, 
 Pr. uteri, L., der Muttervor/aW, G. 
 
 PROLIFICAUE, adj., yovipos, fcecundus, 
 Li., fruchtbar,G., prolific ran epithet ap- 
 plied to animals, and plants, which possess 
 the faculty of procreating their species, 
 see STERILE. 
 
 PROLONGEMENT, s. m., processus, m. 
 L., der Fortsatz, die Verlangerung, G., 
 prolongation,process, seePRocis. Prol. 
 rachidien de renciphale: a term applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the spinal cord ; which he in- 
 correctly regards as a process of the brain. 
 
 PHONATEUR, s. m., and adj., pronator, 
 L., der Vorwartsdreher, G.: a term, in 
 Anatomy, applied to muscles, see CARRE, 
 et ROND, which accomplish pronation, 
 PRONATION, s. f., nronatio, f. L., die 
 Vorwartsdrehung, G.: that movement of 
 the fore-arm, whereby the dorsal surface 
 of the hand is placed uppermost. 
 
 PROPHYLAXIE, s. f., 1> tpgoifivkxlis, pro- 
 phylaxis, f. L., die Vorbauung,G., pre, 
 
 454 
 
 PRO 
 
 caution, providence: in Pathology, the art 
 of averting a disease, or obviating its recur- 
 rence, by the employment of preservativeor 
 prophylactic remedies, T QeoQv^aznxa, 
 remedia prophylactica, L.., nie vorbvugen- 
 den Mittel, G. 
 
 PROPOLIS, s. f. F.,et L.,^ srgoVaXij (srjo, 
 before, sroXs, the city), das Bienharz, 
 Stopfwachs, G. : the resinous, reddish, and 
 odorous substance, with which the bee 
 closes crevices in the hive, and covers exte- 
 riorly the cells of the comb. 
 
 PROpRikTE, s. f., proprietas, f. L., f> 
 fiiorvs, die Eigenschaft, G., property : 
 that which is peculiar to, or distinguishes, 
 a body. Properties admit of distribution 
 into the chemical, physical, and vital, Pro- 
 prietes chymiques, physiques, et vitales. The 
 two former, only, are possessed by gaseous 
 and mineral bodies ; the whole, by vegeta- 
 ble and animal bodies in the living state. 
 
 PROPTOSE, s. f., fi -x-^a-rrcatris, proptos- 
 is, f.L., das Vorfallen,G., falling-down: 
 in Pathology, unnatural elongation of an 
 organ, as of the uvula, clitoris, or nymphse. 
 PROSECTEUR, s. m. : the designation of 
 the person who prepares the anatomical 
 subjects, for the lectures of the Professors 
 of Anatomy, in the Schools of France. 
 
 PROSOPALGIE, s. f., prosopalgia, f. (orga- 
 oWav. the face, Xyaj, pain), L., der Ge- 
 sichtsschmerz, G.^-pain in the face, facial 
 neuralgia. 
 
 PROSTATALGIE.S. f., prostatalgia, f.L., 
 der Vorsteherdrusenschmerz, G. : pain, 
 aXyaj, of the prostate gland, see 
 
 PROSTATE, s. f., prostata, f. (^aW*^/, 
 to stand before), L,., die Vorsteherdriise, 
 G.: in Anatomy, a glandular organ which 
 surrounds the commencement of the male 
 urethra ; and pours its secreted fluid into 
 that canal by excretory ducts opening on 
 the sides, and surface, of the Verumonta- 
 num. Prostates inferieures : a term applied, 
 by some Anatomists, to Cowper's glands. 
 PROSTATiauE.adj.: pertaining to the pros- 
 late gland ; as, in Anatomy, the prostatic 
 portion, P. prostatique, F., of the ure- 
 thra: in Pathology, concretions, Calculi 
 prostatici, see CALCUL, formed in the 
 prostate gland. 
 
 PROSTATITE, s. f., prostatitis, f. L., 
 die Vorsteherdrusenentziindung, G., in- 
 flammation : PROSTATOCELE, ou Paos- 
 TATONCIE, s. f., prostatoncus, f. L,., die 
 Versteherdrusengeschwullst.G swelling, 
 oyxaj, or tumefaction, of the prostate 
 gland, see PROSTATE. 
 
 PHOSTHESE, s. f., n ^curha-is, prosthe- 
 sis, f. L., das Ansetzen, G.: in Surgery, 
 the act of supplying lost parts. 
 
 PHOTOGALE, s. m., jt^ur'ayuXa., proto- 
 gala, f. L. Synon. with COLOSTRUM. 
 
 PROTOPATHIE,S.f., 1> ^amvoihia, prot- 
 
 opathia,f. L.,
 
 PSE 
 
 primary disease. PROTOPATHIQUE, adj., 
 xzuTfra.&ns, protopathicus, L. : suffer- 
 ing from primary disease. 
 
 PROTOXYDE, s. m., protoxydum, n.L., 
 das Protoxyd, G., protoxide : in Che- 
 mistry, the first or lowest degree of oxyda- 
 tion of a body capable of combining with 
 oxygen in several different proportions. 
 
 PROTUBERANCE, s. f., protuberantia,f. 
 L., die Erhabenheit, G. : a term applied, 
 in Anatomy, 1. to irregularly rounded and 
 rugose eminences on the surfaces of bones ; 
 as the protutterantia externa et interna,L., 
 of the occipital : and, 2 elevations of the 
 cerebral substance; as Prot. ANNULAIRE, 
 et CYLINDROIDES. 
 
 PRUNELLE, s. f. : in Anatomy, the de- 
 signation of the circular perforation, die 
 Pupille, der Augenstern, G., pupil, in 
 the centre of the iris of the eye : in Bota- 
 ny, the fruit, die Schlehe, G., of the 
 Sloe-tree, PRUNELLIEH, s. m. : a species 
 belonging to the genus, Prunus, see PRU- 
 NIER. For the product of the fruit of P. 
 spinosa, der Schlehenbaum, seeAcAciA. 
 Bark reputed febrifuge, and astringent. 
 
 PRUNiER,s.m.: a genus, in Botany, JVw- 
 nus ( Icosand. ia, monoyyn.; RosacetBj,i,., 
 the Plum, and Cherry; comprehending, a- 
 mong numerous species which bear an edi- 
 ble fruit, the common Plum-tree, P. do- 
 tnestica, der Pflaumenbaum, G. 
 
 PRURIGO, s. m., f. L. : a term borrow- 
 ed from the Latin; synon. with pruritus, 
 das Jucken, G-; and employed, by AVillan, 
 to designate the third genus, of the Order, 
 Papulae, of Cutaneous Diseases; character- 
 ized by severe itching; and comprehend- 
 ing three species, P. mitis, formicans, and 
 senilis, with varieties. PHURiGiNEux,adj., 
 pruriginosus,L., pruriginous : connect- 
 ed with prurigo. 
 
 PRUSSIATE, s. m., prussias, n. L. : syn- 
 on. with HYDROCYAKATE. 
 
 PSEJLLISME, s.m., o ^i^iffftos, psellis- 
 mus, m. L.., das Stammeln, G., stam- 
 mering : in Pathology, a genus instituted, 
 by Sauvages, to include all the species, and 
 varieties, of defective utterance. 
 
 PsEUDARTHROSE,s.f., pseudarthrosis,f. 
 (^tuSris, false, u.6?alia., articulation), L., 
 ein falschesGelenk,G a false articulation. 
 In like manner, all the compounds of -4>tv- 
 Sjy with different nouns, are meant to in- 
 dicate the spurious character of the object 
 to which they may refer. Thus, PSEUDO- 
 ASTHME, s. m., pseudo-asthma, n. L., 
 implies spurious asthma, die t/nacAteEng- 
 brustigkeit,G. ; PSEUDO-MEJIBHANE,S., 
 pseudo-membrana, f. .L., a false or adven- 
 titious membrane, emefalsche Membran, 
 Afterhaut;andPsEUDo-PERipNEUMONiE, 
 a. f., pseM</o-peripneumonia, peripneumo- 
 niao//ia, L.,- Aiefalsche Lungenentztind- 
 ung, false or bastard peripneumony . 
 
 455 
 
 PTE 
 
 PSOAS, s. m. and adj. : a term employed, 
 in Anatomy, to designate two muscles of the 
 loins, a.1 ^'00.1, see LOMBAIRE ; as, l.the 
 great, P. grand ( PRELOMBO-TROCHAN- 
 TINIEN, Ch.), F., Psoas magnus, L., ex- 
 tending from the bodies, and transverse 
 processes, of the last dorsal and first four 
 Inmbar vertebrae, to the smaller trochan- 
 ter : and, 2. Ps. petit ( PRELOAIBO-PUBI- 
 EN), Psoas minor, from the body of the 
 last dorsal vertebra, to the ileo-pectineal 
 eminence of the pubis. 
 
 PSORA, s. m. : the Greek synonym, n 
 ^uga, of the Latin, Scabies, which consti- 
 tutes the Fifth Genus of the Order, Pustu- 
 l(B t of Cutaneous Diseases, of Willan. Pso- 
 niroRME, adj., ^u^ulns, psoriformis,L., 
 kratzformig,G., psoriform, resembling 
 : PSORIQUE, adj., -j,agixos, psoricus, 
 kriitzig, psoric, suffering from, or con- 
 nected with itch, die Kratze, G. 
 
 PSORIASIS, s. f. F., et L. : a term, inPa- 
 thology, literally signifying the state, n 
 ^ca^iKffi;, of being affected with^jsora; but 
 employed, by Pathologists, to designate a 
 genus of Cutaneous Diseases, the 2nd of 
 the Order, Squama, of Willan ; compre- 
 hending four species. 
 
 PsOROPHTHALMIE, S. f., w ^u^ia.^'ia.^ 
 
 psoroph thalmia, f. L., die Augen lieder- 
 kratze, G., psoropbthalmy : a disease of 
 the eye-lids accompanied by severe itching. 
 
 PsYCHOLOGiE,s.fl, psychologia,f.(^u.^^, 
 the soul, Kayos, a discourse), Jj., die Psy- 
 chologie, Seelenlehre, G., the doctrine of 
 the soul. PsYCHOLOGiQUE,adj., psycholo- 
 
 gicus, psychologisch, psychological : 
 
 pertaining to psychology. 
 
 PSYCHROMETRE,S. m., psychometrum, 
 n. (^u%%(is, cold, p,i<rgw, measure), L., das 
 Psychrometer, der Kaltemesser,G. : an in- 
 strument for ascertaining the degree of cold. 
 
 PTARMIQUE, s. f. : in Botany, a species 
 belonging to genus, Achillcea, see ACHIL- 
 LES. A. ptarmica, fi Tfra.pp.ixri, das Niese- 
 wurz, G., Sneezewort- Yarrow, derives 
 its specific designation from the sternutato- 
 ry properties of the flower and leaf. PTAR- 
 MiQUE,adj., sternutatory : Remedia ptar- 
 mica, <r -rTa^ftix.0,, die JViesmitteljG., 
 remedies which provoke sneezing. 
 
 PTEREAL, adj., pterealis, L,.: an epi- 
 thet applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to a 
 bone of the skeleton of Fishes ; which cor- 
 responds with the internal pterygoid pro- 
 cess of the human sphenoid. 
 
 PTERIDE,S. f. : a genus of Cryptogamous 
 Plants, Pteris, L., the Female Fern, or 
 Brake, belonging to Order, Filices, see 
 FOUGERE. Root of the common species, 
 P- aquilina, ft -rn^is, der Saumfarren, 
 Fliigelfarren, G., reputed anthelminlhic. 
 
 PTBROPODE, s. m. pi., Pteropoda (-r-n- 
 v, a fin, wf, a foot), L., die Pteropoden, 
 G. ? : a Class of the Sub-regnum, Mollus-
 
 PTE 
 
 ca ; comprehending cephalous animals, as 
 Clio, whose organs of progression consist of 
 two lateral fin-like expansions, on the sur- 
 face of which the branchiae, or respiratory 
 apparatus, are situated. 
 
 PTERYGION, s. m., TO jenqyyiov, pte- 
 rygium, n. L. : a term literally signifying 
 a little wing, der kleine Fliigel, G. ; but 
 employed, by Pathologists, to designate a 
 triangular excrescence ot the conjunctiva ocu- 
 li, with its base directed towards the scle- 
 rotica, and its apex to the cornea; and re- 
 sulting from varicose dilatation of the ves- 
 sels of the Conjunctiva. 
 
 PTERYGO-ANGULI-MAXILLAIRE, s. m., 
 and adj., pterygo-anguli-maxillaris, L. : 
 an epithet applied, by Dumas, to the Pte- 
 rygoideus internus muscle ( Pte'rygo-Max- 
 illaire grand, Ch.) ; as extending from pte- 
 rygoid fossa of sphenoid bone to angle of the 
 
 lower jaw. PTERyGO-CoLLI-MAXILLAIRE, 
 
 s. m., and adj., pterygo-colli-maxillaris, 
 L. : by the same, to Pterygoideus externus 
 ( Ptdrygo-Maxillaire petit, Ch.) ; as ex- 
 tending from pterygoid process of sphenoid 
 bone, to the neck of the lower jaw. 
 
 PTERYGO-PALATiN,adj., pterygo-pala- 
 tine, pertaining alike to the pterygoid pro- 
 cess of the sphenoid bone, and the palate: 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to a 
 liranch, Arteria pterygo-palalina, seePA- 
 I.ATIN, of the internal maxillary artery : 
 2. a Canal, le Conduit pterygo-palatin, 
 canalis pterygo-palatinus, L., der Flugel- 
 yaumenkanal,G., which, existing, on each 
 side, between the internal wing of the plc- 
 rygoid process, and <w palati, transmits the 
 preceding artery, and concomitant vein : 
 and, 3. the Circumfiexus Palati muscle, 
 Pterygo-palatinus, L,., see PERISTAPHY- 
 I.IN, M. pterygo-staphylin, of Chaussier. 
 
 PTERYGO-PHARYNGIEN, s. m., and adj. : 
 an epithet applied, by some Anatomists,to 
 a few fibres of Constrictor pharynyis superi- 
 or, which they regard as a distinct muscle, 
 derFliigelffaumenmuskel, of the German 
 Anatomists. 
 
 PTERYGO-SYNDESMO- STAPHYLI-PHA- 
 RYNGIEN, adj. : an epithet applied.by Du- 
 mas, to Constrictor pharyngis superior mus- 
 cle, see CONSTRICTEUH. 
 
 PTERYGOIDE, adj., rftfayAu, ptery. 
 godes, pterygoides, L,., flugelformig, G., 
 pterygoid, wing-like : an epithet desig- 
 native, in Anatomy, 1. of two processes, 
 processus pterygoidei, L., die Fliigelfort- 
 siitze, G. ; which, proceeding from the in- 
 ferior surface of the sphenoid bone, are 
 distinguished into theexternal and internal: 
 and, 2. the hollow, Fosse pterygoide, F., 
 existing between them. 
 
 PTERYGOIDIEN, s. m., and adj., ptery- 
 goideus,L.: an epithet designative of parts 
 which are connected with trie pterygoid pro- 
 cesses ; as, 1. a Canal,-~Conduil pterygoi- 
 456 
 
 PUB 
 
 dien ou vidien, F., canalis pterygoideus,vel 
 vidianus, L., which, traversing the base 
 of the pterygoid process, transmits the pte- 
 rygoid nerve : 2 Muscles, M. pterygoi- 
 dieng ; distinguished, from their situation, 
 into the internal and external, Pterygoid- 
 eus internus et externus,L., innerer und 
 ausserer Flugelmwsfo/.G., see PTERYGO- 
 ANGULI-, et -COLLT-MAXTLLAIRE : 3 an 
 Artery, Artere pterygoidienne, ou vidlenne, 
 F., arteria vidiana, L., a branch of the 
 internal maxillary,accompanying the nerve 
 in its transit through the vidian canal; and 
 also, small ramifications, die Flugelmuskel- 
 schlagadern,G., distributed from the same 
 source, on the pterygoid muscles ; and, 4. 
 two Nerves, Nerjs ptirygo~idiens, dieFlii- 
 ^efaiuskelnerven,G., of which, a. the ner- 
 vus pterygoideus, vel vidianus, supplied by 
 the spheno-palatine ganglion, and accom- 
 panying the vidian artery, divides into a 
 superior or cranial, and an inferior or caro- 
 tic twig ; and, b. the proper pterygoid, ner- 
 vus musculi pterygoidei, of Summering, 
 emanates from the inferior maxillary 
 branch of the trifacial. 
 
 PTERYSTAPHYLIN, s. m., and adj. : an 
 epithet applied, by Hiolan, to certain mus- 
 cles, die Flugelfortsatzzapfch enm u sk eln , 
 G., les Muscles PERISTAPHYLINS. 
 
 PTILOSEjS. f., '/I <T<r't*.a<ris, ptilosis,f.L., 
 
 das Augenwimpernausfallen, G.: falling 
 of the eye-lashes ; from chronic inflamma- 
 tion of the eye-lids. 
 
 PTISANE, s. f., r> xTiaa.vn, ptisana,f.L., 
 der Ptisane, Gerstentranlc,G., barley- 
 water, or other mucilaginous decoction. 
 
 PTIN, s. m. : in Entomology, a genus, 
 Ptinits, Li., der Bohrkafer, Kummelkaf- 
 er, G., of Pentamerous Coleoptera; consti- 
 tuting the type of the Ptinidee, L.. ; and 
 comprehending many species : some of 
 which, as P. fur, der Dieb, G., commit 
 great depredations in anatomical and zoo- 
 logical collections. 
 
 PTYALISME, s. m., a wrvut./?/!*.};, pty- 
 alismus, m. L., der Speichelfluss, G., 
 ptyalism : excessive secretion of saliva. PT Y- 
 
 ALAGOGUE,adj., ptvalagOgUs(iTTfaAfly,Sa- 
 
 liva, ciyta, to expel), 1* : an epithet synon. 
 
 With SlALOGOGUE. 
 
 PUBKRE, adj., puber, vel pubes, L., 
 fiSnrixos : an epithet applied to one who 
 has attained the ageofpuberty, PUBERTE, 
 s. f., pubertas, f. L., ?, die Mann- 
 barkheit,Zeugungsreife,G. : the period at 
 which an individual becomes capable of 
 propagating his or her species. 
 
 PUBESCENCE, s. f., pubescentia.f.L., 
 die Haarbekleidung, G. : the presence of 
 fine hairs, pubes, f. L., or down, on the 
 surface of organized bodies. PUBESCENT, 
 adj., pubescens, L., feinhaarig, G.: co- 
 vered with^/rae hairs or down ; as, in Zoolo- 
 gy, the corselet of some species of Elater :
 
 PUE 
 
 in Botany, the stem of Leucospermum pube- 
 rum, and the leaf of Geranium molle. 
 
 PuBiEN,adj., pubianus,L., pubic: si- 
 tuated over, or belonging to, the pubes ; as, 
 1. the Region Reg. pubienne, F., regio 
 pubis, Ij., die ScAamgegend, G., forming 
 the centre of the hypogastric : 2. the^4r- 
 ticulation, A. pubienne, ou Symphyse dupu- 
 lis ; and, 3. the arch, Arcade pubienne, 
 arcus ossium pubis,li., which results from 
 the union of the two ossa pubis : and, 4. the 
 Ligaments, L. pubiens, ligamenta pubis, 
 it., by which those bones are connected. 
 
 PUBIO-COCCYGIEN-ANNULAIRE, S. HI., 
 
 and adj., pubio-coccygeus-annularis, L.. : 
 an epithet applied, by Dumas, to Levator 
 ani &no.Ischio-Coccygeus muscles (-Sous-Pu- 
 BIO-, et Isc,Hio-CoccYGiEN,Ch.), which he 
 regards as constituting one muscle. 
 
 PUBIO-FEMOBAL, s. m., and adj., pu- 
 bio-femoralis,L.: a term applied.byChaus- 
 sier, to Adductor longus femoris mucle, see 
 ADDUCTEUR. 
 
 PUBIO-OMBILICAL, PuBIO-SoUS-OjIBI- 
 
 LICAL, s. in., et adj.: terms respectively ap- 
 plied, by Dumas, and Chaussier,to ihePy- 
 ramidalis muscle, see PYRAMIDAL ; as ex- 
 tending from the os pubis, to the sub-umbi- 
 lical portion of linea alba abdominis. 
 
 PuBio-STERNAL,s.m., pubio-sternalis, 
 L.: a term applied, by Dumas, to Rectus 
 abdominis muscle, see DROIT; from its at- 
 tachments. 
 
 PUBIS, s. m., pubes, f. L. : a term, in 
 Anatomy, applied to a bone, Os pubis, F., 
 et L., der Schambein, G.; which, sepa- 
 rate in infancy, becomes consolidated and 
 constitutes, in adult age, the anterior por- 
 tion of the os innominatum, see INNOMI- 
 NE, et PUBIEN. 
 
 PUCE, s. f.: a genus of Parasitic Insects, 
 Pulex, L., der Floh, G., the Flea ; for- 
 merly arranged in Order Apt era; but con- 
 stituting, in modern Systems, the type of 
 the /-Yea-Family, Pulicidce,of Order, Apha- 
 niptera, see AFHANIPTERE. The com- 
 mon European species, Pulex irritans, le 
 P. commun, o <pyXXo,-, der gemeine Floh, 
 G., is well known. Another, P. pene- 
 trans, le P. penetrante, ou la Chique, der 
 Sand/ZoA, indigenous in America, deposits 
 its ova beneath the epidermis of the plan- 
 tar region, in Man; and induces a severe 
 and sometimes fatal derangement of the 
 system. Puce, see PUSTULE, maligne. 
 
 PUDENDUM, s. m. : a term borrowed 
 from the Latin. Pudenda, les Parties hon- 
 teuses, F., die A'cAawtheile,G., vocantur 
 partes externae, in utroque sexu, praesert- 
 im fbemineo, generationi dicatse, L. 
 
 PUERPERAL, adj., puerperus,L. : an e- 
 pithet employed to designate afei-er, Fie- 
 vre, ou Peritonite, puerperale, Febris_puer- 
 perai-um,!^., peculiar to puerperal woman, 
 Ptterpera, f. L,., die Kindbetterin, G. 
 
 457 
 
 PUL 
 
 PuLMo-AoRTiauE, adj.: an epithet ap- 
 plied, by some Anatomists, to the ductus 
 arteriosus vel pulmo-aorticus, L., see CA- 
 NAL ; as, in the foetus, connecting the pul- 
 monary artery and aorta. 
 
 PULMONAIRE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Pulmonaria ( Pentandria, monogyn.; Bora- 
 gineaB), L., das Lungenkraut, G., the 
 .Lungwort. The officinal species, P. offi- 
 cinalis, la P. qfficinale,ou Sauge de Jerusa- 
 lem, F., das officinelle Lunyenkr., G., is 
 emollient; and was once reputed a specific 
 in pulmonary diseases. 
 
 PULMONAIRE, adj., pulmonaris, per- 
 taining to the lung or lungs, pulmo, pul- 
 mones, L., zur Lunye gehorig, G.: an epi- 
 thet designative, in Anatomy, of divers or- 
 gans,and blood-vessels ; as, 1 of the right, 
 or pulmonary, portion of the heart which 
 exists, in many of the inferior animals, as 
 a distinct organ, das Lungenherz, see 
 C(EUR : 2 of the great artery, Artere 
 pulmonaire, die .Z/ww/jrenschlagader, G., 
 which conveys the venous blood from, 3. 
 the right, or pulmonary, ventricle of the 
 heart, der iMw^enherzkammer, to the 
 lungs, or pulmonary organs: 4. the four 
 veins, venae pulrnonales,'L*., which trans- 
 mit the arterialized blood, from the lungs, 
 to the left auricle : 5. the plexus of nerves, 
 PL pulmonaris, das .Lww^rewgeflecht, 
 which, constituted by filaments from the 
 pneumogastric nerve der Z/M^t^enrnagen- 
 nerv, G., from the inferior cervical and 
 first thoracic ganglia, supplies with nerves 
 the bronchial ramifications : and, 6. the 
 portion of pleura, pi. pulmonalis, L., die 
 Lungenhaut,G., see PLEVRE, by which 
 the surface of each lung is invested. 
 
 In Pathology, morbid affections which, 
 as pulmonary apoplexy, deriMw^nschlag- 
 fluss,G., catarrh,inflammation,and phthi- 
 sis, CATARRHE, PNEUMONiE,et PHTHIS- 
 IE, are seated in, or directly implicate, 
 the pulmonary organs. 
 
 PuLMONiE,s.f., pulmonia,f.Li.: a term 
 employed, by Alibert, to designate pulmo- 
 nary phthisis; which constitutes the 8th 
 genus of Pneitmoscs, in la NosoL Naturelle. 
 
 PULMONIQUE, adj., pulmonicus, L.., 
 lungensuchtig, G., pulmonic : an epithet 
 applied toanindividual, a w<vfi.ovixi>s, der 
 Lunyensuchtige, who is suffering from pul- 
 monary disease. 
 
 PULPOIRE, s. f. : the wooden spatula em- 
 ployed, in Pharmacy, for reduction into pulp, 
 Pui.FATiON.s.f. : the act of reducing in- 
 to pulp, a vegetable substance. 
 
 PULSATION, s. f., pulsatio, f. L., das 
 Pulsiren, Schlagen, G.: in Physiology, the 
 beating of heart or artery : in Pathology, 
 the throb, Doulcur pulsative, experienc- 
 ed in an inflamed part, or organ. 
 
 PULSILOGE, S. f. PULSIMETRE, S. in. 
 
 See SFHYGOMETRE.
 
 PUS 
 
 POLSIMANCIE, s. f. : an hybrid synonym 
 of SPHYGOMANCIE. 
 
 PULVERISATION, s. f., die Pulverisir- 
 ung,G., pulverization: the act of reduc- 
 ing into powder, pulvis, L. PULVERU- 
 LENT, adj., pulverulentus, L., staubig, 
 mit einem feinen Staub bestreut, G., cov- 
 ered with afine powder. 
 
 PUNAISE, s. f. : in Entomology, a genus 
 of Parasitic Insects ,Ciwze.r,L., die Wanze, 
 G., the Bug; belonging to Order, Hemip- 
 tera; and constituting the type of the Bug- 
 Family, Cimicidte, L. The common spe- 
 cies, C.lectularius, a or f> xops, dieBett- 
 wanze, Hauswanze, G., is well known, 
 from its offensive odour, and the painful 
 wound which it inflicts. 
 
 PUOGENIE, see PYOGENIE. PUOTURIE, 
 see PYUHIE. 
 
 PUPILLAIRE, adj., pupillary: an epi- 
 thet designative of a membrane, membra- 
 na pupillaris, L., die Sehlochhaut, G., 
 which, closing the pupil, PuPiLLE,s.f., 
 pupilla, f. L., y^.vvti, xogv, die Pu- 
 j)ille, das Sehloch, der Stern, G., of the 
 foetus of the Mammifera, disappears, in the 
 human subject, about the 7th month of 
 pregnancy. Pupilla artificialis formatio, 
 L., die kiinstliche Fupillenbi\.dung, G. 
 
 PURGATION, s. f., purgatio, f. L. : hi 
 Therapeutics, the action of purgative reme- 
 dies, Remedespurgatifs, remedia^wrgraw- 
 tia, see CATHARSIE. 
 
 PURIFORME, adj., puriformis, L., xv- 
 etil)is, eiterf 6rmig,G., puriform : resem- 
 bling, or exhibiting the characters of, pus. 
 
 PuRPURATE,s.m., purpuras, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, purpursaure 
 Salze, G., resulting from combination of 
 purpuric acid, Acide purpurique, F., die 
 Pwrpursaure, G., a product of the action 
 of nitric upon uric acid, with divers sali- 
 iiable bases. 
 
 PURULENT, adj., eilerig, G. : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Pathology, to all collections, 
 Col. purulentes, die i*erbeulen, G., 
 which consist of- , and diseases, character- 
 ized by the formation of, Pus,s.m., pus, 
 puris, n. L,, TO *uov, der Eiter, G. : the 
 product of suppuration, consequent on in- 
 flammation, of the cellular tissue. 
 
 PUSTULE, s. f., pustula, f. L., das 
 Blaschen, Blatterchen, G. : in Pathology, 
 an elevation of the cuticle, with an inflamed 
 base, containing JOMS: also, the designation 
 of an Order, Pustules, of Cutaneous Diseas- 
 es,the 5th, in the arrangement of Willan ; 
 comprehending, under flve distinct gene- 
 ra, the pustular eruptions, E. pustuleu'ses, 
 F. P. maliane, pustula maligna, L. : in- 
 flammation, characterized by the appear- 
 ance of a serous vesicle with livid base ; 
 ordinarily induced by the contact of putrid 
 animal substances, and terminating in gan- 
 grene. P. veneriemte, a syphilitic.pu^M/e. 
 458 
 
 PYO 
 
 PUTREFACTION, s. f., putrefactio,f.L., 
 YI irv^is, die FaulnisSjG. :thedecomposi- 
 tion ordinarily suffered by organized bo- 
 dies, on extinction of life. 
 
 PUTHIDE, adj., putrid: an epithet, in 
 Pathology, designative of affections which, 
 as Fievre putride, F., febris putrida, L., 
 das Faulfieber,G. } exhibit the characters 
 of putridity, PUTRIDITE, s. f., putridi- 
 tas, f.L. : a state of corruption, and decom- 
 position, of the solids and fluids of the a- 
 nimal body. 
 
 PUTRILAGE, s. m. : animal matters, re- 
 duced, by putrefaction, into a kind of pulp. 
 
 PYLORE, s. m., a TuXuges, pylorus, m. 
 L,., derPfortner, der untere Magenmund, 
 G.: in Anatomy, the orifice, or, more pro- 
 perly ,the musculo-membranous structures 
 which surround the orifice, of communica- 
 tion between the lesser or duodenal extre- 
 mity of the stomach, and the commence- 
 ment of the small intestine. PYLORI QUE, 
 adj., pyloric : pertaining to the pylorus ; 
 as, 1. the orifice in question, O. pylorique: 
 
 2. the membranous ring termed valve, 
 valvula pylorica, TJ., die Pfortnerklappe, 
 G., which constitutes the pylorus ; and, 
 
 3. the circular band of muscular fibres, 
 Muscle pylorique, by which it is surround- 
 ed : and, 4. an artery. Artere pylorique, ou 
 petite Art. gastrique droite, arteria corona- 
 ria dextra, ofHaller, a branch of the he- 
 patic ; and the corresponding vein, die 
 Pfortnervene, G. 
 
 PYOCELIE, s. f., pyoccelia, f. L., der 
 Eiterbauch, G.: an accumulation of pus, 
 ruoi, in the abdominal cavity, xa/x/a. 
 
 PYOCHEZiE,s.f., pyochezia,f.(5ruav,pus, 
 x'igu,to go to stool),L., der Eiterabgang, 
 Eiterdurchfall, G., purulent diarrhoea. 
 
 PYOCYSTE, s. m., pyocystis, f. (same, 
 and X.UO-TIS, a cyst), L-, der Eitersack, bes. 
 in den Lungen, G.: & purulent cyst, espe- 
 cially in the lungs, vomica. 
 
 PYOEMESE,S. f., pyoemesis velpyeme- 
 sis, f. (same, and s'^jjav;, vomiting),!.,., das 
 Eiterbrechen, G., vomitiny of pus. 
 
 PYOGENIE, s. f., pyogenesis, pyogenia, 
 L., die Pyogenie, Eiterbildung, G., ge- 
 neration, yiviffi;, of pus, <xuot. 
 
 PYOMETRE,s.m., pyometra, f. L., eine 
 Ansammlung von Eiter im Uterus, G., a 
 collection ofpus,vvov, in the womb, ^ir^a.. 
 
 PYOPHTHALMIE, s. f., pyophthalmia,f. 
 (*um, pus, $$ta)t.(i'ut, see OFHTHALMIE), 
 L., die eiterige Augenentziindung,G., 
 purulent ophtnalmy. Pyophthalmus, s. m. 
 L. Synon. with HYPOPION. 
 
 PYOPLANIE, s. f, pyoplania, f. L.., die 
 Eiterverbreitung,G., metastasis *>.>, 
 of : PYOPTYSIE, pyoptysis, L., der 
 Eiterauswurf, das Eiterspeien,G., expec- 
 toration, vrruffis, ofpws, -JTUCV. 
 
 PYORRHAGIE, s.f., pyorrhagia, f. (MOV, 
 pnywfii, to burst out),L., der plotzliche
 
 PYR 
 
 Abgang einer grossen Menge Eiters, G-, 
 a sudden and copious eruption of pus. Py- 
 ORRHEE,s.f., n trvoppoia, pyorrhoea, f. L., 
 eine andauernde Eiterabyang, bes. aus 
 den Genitalien, dem After, den Lungen, 
 u.s.w.,G., a continued purulent discharge, 
 especially from the genital organs, anus, 
 lungs, and other parts. 
 
 PYOTHORAX, s. m., f. L., die Eiter- 
 brust, G., see EMPYEME. 
 
 PYRAMiDAL,adj., sri^a^of/Sjjj, pyram- 
 idalis, L., pyramidenformig, G.: an epi- 
 thet designative,in Anatomy, of organs, or 
 portions of organs.which exhibit thejigure 
 of a pyramid, see PYRAMIDE ; as,l. a bone 
 of the carpus, Os pyramidal,o\\ cunei forme, 
 seeCARPE : 2. AiversMuscles, M. pyra- 
 midaux, F.; of which there are, a- that of 
 the nose, Pyramidal du nez ( FRONTO- 
 NASAL, Ch.), F., Pyramidalis nasi, L., 
 Pyramidenmuskei der Nase, G.: b of the 
 abdomen, P. de rabdomen ( Puuio-Sous- 
 OMBILICAL, Ch.), Pyramidalis, der Py- 
 ramidenm.&es Bauchs: and,c. of the thigh, 
 P. de la cuisse ( SACRO-TROCHANTERI- 
 EN,Ch.) Pyriformis,anA birnformigerMus- 
 kel, of British andGermara anatomical writ- 
 ers : 3 certain eminences, CORPS pyrami- 
 daux, of the medulla oblongata : and, 4. a 
 vascular net-work, Corps pyramidal, ou 
 PAMPINIFORME. 
 
 PYRAMIDE, s. f., ft w^apis, pyramis, 
 f. L., die Pyramide, G., pyramid: in 
 Anatomy, 1. an osseous eminencein the tym- 
 panum, enclosing the Slapedius muscle: 2. 
 the Corpora pyramidalia,P^rm(rfesmedul- 
 Ise oblongatse, vel anteriores, die Pyrami- 
 den des verlangerten Markes, G., named 
 anterior to distinguish them from,3.1es Py- 
 ramides posterieures, CORPS restiformes, of 
 preceding Anatomists. In Surgery, the 
 pivot, or centre-pin, attached to the crown 
 of the trephine. 
 
 PYRETHRE, s. m. : in Botany, a species 
 belonging to genus Anthemis, see CAMO- 
 JNIILLE. Theroo/of A.pyrethrum, der Spa- 
 nische Bertram, die Speichelwurz, G., 
 Pellitory of Spain, is acrid, and powerful- 
 ly sialogogue. 
 
 PyRETiQUE,adj., Manxes, pyreticus, 
 L., fieberhaft, G., pyretick, febrile. 
 
 PYRETOLOGiEjS.f., pyretologia,f.L., 
 diePyretologie,Fieberlehre,G., pyretolo- 
 gy : a Treatise, or Discourse, Xayoj, on fe- 
 ver, fv^iTo;. PYRETOLOGISTE, s. m., py- 
 retologista, m. L., der Pyretologe, G., 
 pyretologist : a physician who directs his at- 
 tention especially to the subject of fever. 
 
 PYREXiE,s.f., ri *viZ,i;, pyrexia,f.L., 
 das Fieber, G., fever. The Pyrexia, com- 
 prehending all febrile affections, constitute 
 the First Class of Diseases in theNosology 
 of Dr. Cullen. 
 
 PYRiroRME,adj., pyriformisjL., birn- 
 f ormig, G., pyriform, exhibiting ihefigurc 
 459 
 
 PYX 
 
 ofapear, pyrus,!,. ; as, in Anatomy, a mus- 
 cle of the thigh, see PYRAMIDAL : in Bo- 
 tany, the fruit of Passi flora pyriformis. 
 
 PrRiTE, s. f., pyrites, f. (sryg, fire), L. : 
 a term applied to divers metallic sulphurets ; 
 as, under certain circumstances, susceptible 
 of combustion. PYRITEUX, adj.: converted 
 into, or containing pyrites. 
 
 PYHOLIGNEUX, adj., pyro-ligneous : an 
 epithet heretofore applied to an acid, aci- 
 dum pyrolignosum, L., die Holzsaure, der 
 Holzessig, G., which resultsfrom distilla- 
 tion of wood ; and is merely acetic acid im- 
 pregnated with an empyreumatic oU. 
 
 PYROJLOGIE, s. f.,F., and G., pyrologia, 
 f. L., pyrology : a Treatise, or discourse, 
 z.b'yosi on fire, KUI. 
 
 PYROMETRE,s.m., pyrometrum, n. (<r? , 
 ftiTgov, a measure), L., Pyrometer, G., 
 andE.: in Physics,an instrument construct- 
 ed for ascertaining more elevated degrees of 
 temperature than the thermometer is fitted 
 to indicate. 
 
 PYRONOMIE, s. , pyronomia, f. (*v, 
 vi>fjt,os, a rule), G., pyronomy : the instruc- 
 tion for regulating thejirein chemical pro- 
 cesses, die Anweisung zur Leitung des 
 Feurs bei chemikalischen Operationen, G. 
 PYROPHAGE,adj., pyrophagus(5ri/g, fire, 
 <pya>, to eat),L., feuerefressend, G., py- 
 rophagous : an epithet applied to one, ein 
 Feuerfresser,G., afire-eater, who swallows 
 red-hot or burning substances. 
 
 PYROSE,S. f., >i rv^atri;, pyrosis, f. L. : 
 a term originally signifying inflammation, or 
 the act of burning ; but employed, in Patho- 
 logy, to designate a morbid affection, wa- 
 ter-brash, das Sodbrennen, G., or more 
 properly, symptom, connected withchronic 
 gastritis, or organic disease of the stomach. 
 PYROTECHNIE, s. f., pyrotechnia, f. 
 (trwj, fire, ri%vt>, art), L., pyrotechny, the 
 art of apply ing fire: P. chirurgica, L., die 
 chirurgische Pyrotechnic, G. : that of em- 
 ploying^Ye as a topical agent in the treat- 
 ment of diseases. See Percy, Pyrotechnic 
 Chirurgicale. Paris, 1811. 
 PYROTiQUE,adj., -ru^anxts, pyroticus, 
 JL., synon. with CAUSTIQUE. 
 
 PYRO-URIQUE, adj., pyro-uric: an epi- 
 thet, in Chemistry, applied to an acid, a- 
 cidum pyro-uricum, L., die Brenzham- 
 saure, G., which results from the dry dis- 
 tillation of uric , and has since been desig- 
 nated cyanuric acid. 
 
 PYURIE, s. f., pyuria, f. L., das Eiter- 
 harnen, der Abgang von Eiter mit dem 
 Harne,G ., evacuation of pus, vvov with 
 the wine, eSg ov. 
 
 PYXIDE, s. m., TO 5ru|/S/av, pyxidium, 
 n. L.., der Biichsencapsel, G.: in Botany, 
 a fruit, Capsula circumcisa, Linn. : also> 
 the urn of the Mosses ; and synon., in the 
 latter sense, with PYXIDULE, s.f., pyxi- 
 dula, f. L., die Moosbiichse, G.
 
 Q. 
 
 QUA 
 
 QCADRANGULAIRE, adj., quadrangula- 
 ris, quadrangulatus, L.., viereckig, vier- 
 kantig, G., quadrangular : exhibiting/owr 
 angles, quatuor angulos, L. ; as, in Ichthy- 
 ology, the body of Zeus quadratus : in Bo- 
 tany, the stem of Hypericum quadrangulare. 
 
 QCADRJDENTE, adj., quadridentatus, 
 L/., quadridentate ; possessing^/bwr teeth, 
 quatuor dentes,*Li. ; as, in .Zoology, the ab- 
 domen of Phalangium quadridentatum : in 
 Botany, the calyx of Ligustrum vulgare. 
 
 QUADRIFIDE, adj., quadrifidus, L., 
 vierspaltig, G., quadrind : an epithet de- 
 signative of an organ which is cleft, nearly 
 to its middle, into four equal parts; as, in 
 Botany, the stigma of Plumbago, and the 
 petal of Silene quadrifida. 
 
 QuADRiFLORE,adj., quadriflorus,L.., 
 vierbliithig,G., quadrifloral : bearing/owr 
 flowers, quatuor flores, L. QUADRIFOLIE, 
 adj., vierbliittrig,G quadrifoliate : bear- 
 ing four leaves, quatuor folia, L. ; as, in 
 Botany, Paris quadrifolia. 
 
 QUADRIJUGUE, adj., quadrijugus, L.., 
 vierparig, G., four-paired : an epithet 
 designative, in Botany, of a compound leaf, 
 to the common petiole of which are at- 
 tached four pairs of leaflets. 
 
 QUADRIJUMEAUX, adj., pi. : an epithet 
 applied, in Anatomy, 1. to Jour muscles, 
 musculi quadrigemini, Ij., Pyriformis,two 
 Gemini, and Quadratus femoris, which 
 occupy the sacro-trochanteric region : 2. 
 the four medullary tubercles, Tubercules 
 9MacM/ueaw.r(Eminencesbige'minees,Ch.) 
 F., tubercula vel corpora quadrigemina, 
 L., die Vierhiigel.G.; which, situated on 
 the posterior surface of the tuber annu- 
 lare, and distinguished into a superior and 
 inferior pair, Nates and Testes, consti- 
 tute the origin of the optic nerves. 
 
 QUADRILOBE, adj., quadrilobus, L., 
 vierlappig, G.: divided into four lobes; as, 
 in Ichthyology, the caudal fin of Cyprinus 
 lobatus: in Botany, the stigma of Epilobi- 
 um spicatum. 
 
 QUADRILOCULAIRE, adj ., vierf acherig, 
 G., quadrilocular : divided into/o?/rce//s 
 or cavities, quatuor loculos, L.; as, in Ana- 
 tomy, the heart of Mammifera and Birds ; 
 in Botany, the berry of Paris quadrifolia. 
 QuADRiPARTiTE,adj., quadripartitus^L., 
 viertheilig, G.: divided into four parts; 
 as the calyx of Gentiana campestris. 
 
 QuADRiPHYi.LE,adj.: a barbarous syno- 
 nym Of TEX HAPHYLLE. QuADRIVALVE, 
 
 adj., quadrivalvis, L., vierklappig, G. : 
 exhibiting four valves ; as, in Botany, the 
 capsule of Epilobiwn- 
 460 
 
 QUE 
 
 QUADRUMANE, s. m., and adj., quadru- 
 manus, L., four-handed : a term applied, 
 by Zoologists, to an Order of Mammifera, 
 les Quadrumanes, pi., Quadrumana, L., 
 Thiere mit vier Handen,Q., comprehend- 
 ing animals whose thoracic and pelvic ex- 
 tremities, as those of the Simite, Lemures. 
 and Galeopitheci, are terminated by hands. 
 QuADRUPEDE,adj., quadrupes,L., vier- 
 f iissig, G., quadruped: furnished with/two- 
 feet: an epithet ordinarily applied to all 
 the members of the Mammiferous Class, 
 with the exception of those of the Orders, 
 Bimanum, Quadrumana, and Cetacea ; and 
 strictly applicable, also, to the four-footed 
 Reptiles and Amphibia. 
 
 QUARANTAINE,S. f.F., andG., quaran- 
 tine: the period of forty days, Quarantana, 
 It., during which persons, on their arriv- 
 al in the ports of Europe, from countries 
 where plague, or other infectious disease, 
 prevails, are required to remain on ship- 
 board, or within the walls of a Lazaretto. 
 
 QUARTE, adj., quartan : an epithet, in 
 Pathology, applied to intermittent fever, 
 febris quartana, L,., das viert'dgige Fieber, 
 G.. the paroxysm of which recurs every 
 third day. There are several varieties of 
 fever of the quartan type; as le double 
 Quarie, characterized by recurrence of the 
 fit on the second and third days ; and le Q. 
 doublee, by that of two fits on the third 
 day. The Quarte triplee, exhibiting three 
 paroxysms on the third day, has, also, been 
 described by some pathological writers. 
 
 QuARTi-STERNAL,adj., quarti-sterna- 
 lis, JL. : an epithet applied, by Be'clard, to 
 the fourth piece of the sternum which cor- 
 responds with the fourth intercostal space. 
 
 QUASSIA, s. m., f. L..: a genus, in Bo- 
 tany ( Decandria, monogyn. ; Simarubacea:), 
 die Quassie, G. The principal medicin- 
 al species are, Q. amara, and simaruba, 
 see SIMAROUBA. Of the former, das Bit- 
 terholz, theGermans have anOfficinalEx- 
 tract, Quassiaextract. The generic des- 
 ignation was conferred, by L,innseus,in ho- 
 nour of Quassi, a Negro-slave ; who discov- 
 ered, and explained to the Swedish So- 
 lander, the properties of Q. cxcdsa which 
 he had employed with astonishing success, 
 in the malignant endemic fever of Surin- 
 am. QUASSINE, s. f., quassina, f. L. : the 
 bitter principle of Quassia excelsa. 
 
 QUEUE, s. f., '/i ol^a,, Kt^nas, cauda, f. 
 L., der Schwanz, G., tail : in Zoology, 
 a process, or prolongation, extending from 
 the sacral or posterior extremity of the a- 
 nimal body. In the Mammifera and Hep-
 
 QUI 
 
 tiles, it has, for its basis, a variable num. 
 ber of coccygeal vertebrae, covered with 
 muscles and integument; in Birds, it con- 
 sists of a tuft of feathers implanted on the 
 coccyx ; in Fishes, of a tendinous expan- 
 sion of the muscles attached to the verte- 
 brae. The tail, in these various Classes, 
 serves either as an organ of prehension, of 
 protection from insects, or of guidance and 
 progression through the air or waters. In 
 Anthropotomy, the term is applied to the 
 more contracted portions, or slender extre- 
 mities, of organs ; as la Queue de la Moelle 
 allongee, cauda medullse oblongatae,F.; la 
 Qu. de Cheval, ou de la Moelle epiniere, 
 cauda equina, der ~Pferdeschweif, G. ; and 
 la Q. du PANCREAS : in Botany, to any 
 tail-like appendage of the organs of plants; 
 as that which results from the persistence 
 of the style on the seed of Clematis ; and, 
 in popular language, to the flower- and leaf- 
 stalk, see PEDONCULE, et PETIOLE. 
 
 QUINE, adj., f unfzahlig, G., quinate : 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, 1. to leaves, 
 vfhich,asthoseofMyriophyllum,are inserted, 
 by,/?i'es,around the stem : 2 to a compound 
 leaf, which, as that of Cissus quinata, and 
 Pelargonium, is composed of Jive leaflets e- 
 manating from the same point ; or is deep- 
 ly quinquefid. 
 
 QUININE, s. f., quina,quinina, f.L. : an 
 organic alcali, discovered by Pelletier and 
 Caventou, in the bark of divers species of 
 Cinchona ; especially that of C. cordifolia. 
 
 QUINQANGULAIRE, adj., quinquangu- 
 laris, L., f unfkantig, see PENTAGONS. 
 QUINQUEDENTE, adj., quinquedentatus, 
 L., quinquedentate: exhibiting five tooth- 
 like divisions, as the calyx of Stachys: 
 QuiNQUEDiGiTE,adj., quinquedigitatus, 
 L., quinqueAigitate,JiveJingcr-like divi- 
 sions ; as the leaf of Cissus quinquefolia. 
 
 QUINQUEFIDE, adj., funfspaltig, G., 
 quinquefid : five-cleft ; as, in Botany, the 
 calyx of Hibiscus. QUINQUEFLORE, adj., 
 quinqueflorus, L., quinquefloral : bear- 
 ing Jive flowers. QUINQUEFOLIE, adj., 
 quinquefolius, L., see PENTAPHYLLE. 
 
 QuiNauEJUGUE, adj., quinquejugus, 
 L., f unfparig, G., quinquejugal ; as the 
 petiole of a compound leaf with Jive pairs of 
 leaflets. QuiNQUELOBE.adj., fiinflappig, 
 G., five-lobed ; as the leaf of Ipomaa quad- 
 riloba. QITIN<JUE:LOCULAIRE, adj., t'unf- 
 f acherig, G., quinquelocular : exhibiting 
 five cells; as the berry of Lonicera quinque- 
 locularis, and the capsule of Oxalis. 
 
 QUINQUENERVE, adj. : exhibiting five 
 longitudinal nervures ; as the leaf,funf- 
 nerviyes Blatt, G., of Hypericum quinque- 
 nervium. QuiNQUEPARTi,adj., fiinftheil- 
 jg,G., quinquepartite : exhibiting jfa;e di- 
 visions which extend nearly to the base ; as 
 the calyx of Digitalis purpurea,and pileus of 
 Agaricus quinquepartitus. QuiNQUfcvALVE, 
 
 461 
 
 QUO 
 
 adj., f iinfklappig, G. : furnished with/w 
 valves ; as the capsule of Rhododendron. 
 
 QUINQUINA, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Cinchona ( Pentandria, monogyn. ; Rubiace- 
 <z), L., derChinabaum,G., the Peruvi- 
 an bark-tree ; comprehending many South- 
 American species. The principal of these 
 medicinally employed in Europe, are, 1. le 
 Quinq. de Loxa, C.fusca ( ojjicinalis of 
 Linnaeus, et condaminea, of Humboldt and 
 Bonpland), L., der officinelle Chinabatim, 
 G.: 2. le rouge, C. oblongifolia, Mutis ( - 
 magmfolia, Ruiz et Pavon), der rothe : 
 3. le Calaisaya, ou Jaune royal, C. cordifo- 
 lia, Mutis ( angustifolia, et pubescens, of 
 other Botanists), gelbe oderKonigs : 4. 
 Vorangi, C. lancifolia, der Pomeiranzen- 
 
 : 5. le blanc, C. ovalifolia, Mutis, der 
 weisse , of German, and Quina blanca, of 
 Spanish writers. A deep and inextricable 
 confusion, however, exists in the identity, 
 and synonyms, of the species of the Cincho- 
 na genus. The bark, cortex Cinchonae.L., 
 
 dieChinar-mfe,G., of those just enumer- 
 ated, is bitter,astringent,tonic,an&febrifuge; 
 and constitutes the basis of many French 
 and German Officinal Preparations. SeePhar- 
 macoposaGallica,4to. Paris, 1818; Sch war tze, 
 Pharmakoloffische Tabellen, Fol., Leipzig, 
 1819-26: Ruiz, Quinologia, o Tratado del 
 Arbolde la Quina, Madrid, 1792; and Roh- 
 de, Monographic Cinchona Generis Speci- 
 men, etc. 8vo. Gcettingae, 1804. 
 
 QUINTANE, adj. : an epithet applied, in 
 Pathology, to intermittent fever, febrisin- 
 termittens quintana, L., das Quintan- od- 
 er/ww/ita^efieber, G., the paroxysm of 
 which recurs every fourth day. 
 
 QUINTE, s. f. : the paroxysm of a con- 
 vulsive cough. 
 
 QUINTI-STERXAL X adj., quinti-sterna- 
 lis, L. : an epithet applied, by Be'clard, to 
 the fifth osseous piece of the human stern- 
 um; which corresponds with the fifth and 
 sixth intercostal spaces. 
 
 QUINTEFEUILLE, s. f. : a genus, in Bo- 
 tany, Potentilla ( Icosandria, polygyn. ; Ros- 
 acecs), L., die Potentille, G., the Cin- 
 quefoil. The leaf and. root of P. reptans, 
 das Fiinffingerkraut, Fiinfblatt, G., are 
 slightly astringent. 
 
 QuoTiDiEN,adj., quotidian: an epithet 
 applied, in Pathology, to intermittent fever, 
 
 febris intermittens quolidiana. L., -ru- 
 
 vos , das t'dgliche oder allt'dg- 
 
 liche Fieber,G., which occurs daily at the 
 same hour, and exhibits the same dura- 
 tion and intensity. By these characters, 
 it is distinguished from the double tertian, 
 and triple quartan ; the paroxysms of 
 which, although recurring every day, cor- 
 respond in severity and duration only ev. 
 ery second and third day, respectively. Q. 
 doublee: quotidian intermittent, with two 
 daily paroxysms.
 
 R. 
 
 RAC 
 
 RABDO'IDE, adj., rabdoides, L., stab- 
 formig, ruthenformig, G.: an epithet ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the sagittal suture, 
 Sutura rhabdodes,li.; as resembling a shaft, 
 
 pa.$o;. 
 
 RABIEIQUE,RABI QUE, adj ., rabicus.L. , 
 
 rabid : pertaining to canine madness, 
 see RAGE. 
 
 RACE, s. f., progenies, stirps, f. L., 
 der Stamm, G. : a term indiscriminately 
 employed, in Zoology, as synon. with Fa- 
 mille, Genus, Espece, Variete. For an ac- 
 count of the more striking varieties races, 
 
 of the human Family,orrace, genus hu- 
 manum, L., see HOMME. 
 
 HACK M Eux.adj. , traubenartig, traubig, 
 G.: disposed in a raceme or cluster, see 
 GRAPPE ; as, in Botany, the flowers o? Ac- 
 ttea racemosa. 
 
 RACHIALGIE, s. f., rachialgia, f. L., 
 der Ruckgratschmerz, G.: a term incor- 
 rectly applied to Colica Pictonum, die 
 Bleikolik, G., see COLIQUE ; on account 
 of the pain, aX^os , of the spine, ?%'!, 
 
 which constitutes one of its ordinary 
 phenomena. RACHIALGITE, s. f., rachi- 
 algitis, f. L. : an objectionable synonym of 
 
 RACHIDIEN, adj., px^iaTos, rachiceus, 
 rachideus, L., zum Ruckgrat gehorig, G., 
 
 rachidian : pertaining to, emanating 
 from, r distributed on,thes/nwe, see RA- 
 CHIS; as, 1. the spinal or vertebral canal, 
 see VERTEBRAL : 2. PROLONGEMENT ra- 
 chidien de Fencephale, as contained in ; 
 and, 3. P. rach. de la meninge, the spinal 
 dura mater, as lining that canal; 4. Trous 
 rachidiens, foramina conjugationis, L., 
 seeCoNJUGAisox, affording exit to, 5. les 
 Nerfs rachidiens, die Riickenmarksnerven, 
 
 see NERF, which emanate from the spi- 
 nal cord : and, 6. les Arteres rachidiennes, 
 die-RMcfonmarAsschlagadern, and,?. Veines 
 rachidiennes, venae rachideee, .., which 
 are distributed on the spinal marrow, or its 
 fibrous sheath. 
 
 RACHIOPARALYSE, RACHIOPLEGIE, s. f, 
 
 rachioparalysis, rachioplegia, f. L., die 
 Riickenmarkslahmung, L'dhmungder Riick- 
 enmarksnerven, G., spinal paralysis, para- 
 lysis of the spinal nerves. RACHIOTOME, 
 s.m., rachiotomus.m.L., dasRachiotom, 
 ein Werkzeug zur Eroffhung und Unter- 
 8uchungderfiiir%ra<shohle,G., an instru- 
 ment for the opening, and inspection, of the 
 spinal cavity or canal. 
 
 RACHIS, s. m. : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, tothespme, /'*> spinadorsi, L., 
 alas Ruckgrat, G., or vertebral column ; 
 
 462 
 
 RAD 
 
 and the ridge of the human nose, (&x,n 
 piws, der Rucken der Nase : in Zoology, 
 to the shaft of the feather, der Schaft einer 
 Feder, G., of Birds: in Botany, the mid- 
 rib of the leaf, pa%is pvXXaw, die Rucken- 
 oder Mittelrippe in Prlanzenblattern, of 
 plants ; the common petiole of a compound 
 pinnate leaf, der gemeinschaftliche Sten- 
 gel eines zusammengesetzten gefiederten 
 Blattes ; the central aids of the spike of the 
 Graminece ; and the petiole of theFilices: in 
 Geology, the spine-like ridge of a mountain, 
 pci%is H^ns, or mountain-chain, derFel- 
 senriicken einer Bergkette, G. 
 
 RACHisAGRE,s.f., rachisagra, vel rachi- 
 agra (fax's, the spine, Hy^a., seizure), L., 
 der gichtische Ruckenschmerz,G., a gouty 
 pain in the spine. 
 
 RACHiTiauE,adj., pa^irns, pertaining 
 to the spine, see RACHIDIEN ; as, in Ana- 
 tomy, the s/>ta7marrow, pa^iTtis ftv&os, 
 das Ruckenmark, G. : in Pathology, the dis- 
 ease termed rickets, RACHITIS, s. m., f. 
 L., pa%ims v'oiros, die R uckgrats- oder En- 
 glische Knochenkrankheit, G. ; character- 
 ized by softening, and curvature, of the spi- 
 nal and other bones. RACHITIQUE, adj., 
 belonging to, or affected with, RACHITIS. 
 
 RACINE, s. f., n '<&, radix, radicis, f. 
 L., die Wurzel,G., root : in Botany, the 
 inferior portion of a plant which, inserted 
 into the earth, or other body, absorbs from 
 thence, its nutriment : in Anatomy, that 
 part of a tooth, radix dentis, which is con- 
 tained inthesocket; or of a Jlnger-nail, 
 concealed beneath the skin : also, the appa- 
 rent origin, or point of attachment, or or- 
 gans, or morbid excrescences, as the roots of 
 the nerves, ofthe lungs, racinesdes ncrfs, 
 dupoumon; of polypus, or other tumour. 
 
 RADIAIRES, s. m. pi. : a term employed, 
 by Cuvier, to designate the fourth and last 
 Sub-division of the Animal Kingdom, see 
 Regne Animal, vol. iii. It includes animals, 
 Animaux rayonnes,F., animalia radiata, 
 L., die Strahlenthie.re, G., destitute of 
 vertebralcolumn, and ordinarily exhibiting 
 a radiated structure ; and comprehends, or 
 corresponds with, Entozoa et Zoophyta of 
 Linnaeus; Actinozoa, see ACTINOZOAIRE, 
 of Blain ville ; Cyclo-Neura, of Grant ; and 
 Cryptoneura Nematoneura, see NEMATO- 
 NEURE, ofthe distinguished Owen. 
 
 RADIAL, adj. : an epithet designative, in 
 Anatomy, of parts or organs, which are si- 
 tuated in the region of the fore-arm, Reg. 
 radialedcFavant-bras, die.Radia/gegend, 
 occupied by the radius ; as, 1. the external 
 border, Bord radial, die Radialseite des
 
 RAD 
 
 Oberarms.G., of that region: 2. Afusefcs, 
 M. radiaux, of which there are, a. thean- 
 terior, Radial anierieur, see PALMAIRE ; 
 b. thejirst or great external, premier externe, 
 ou grande radial ( HuiERO-Sus-META- 
 CARPIEN, Ch.) ; and, c. the second or lesser, 
 second ou petit ( EpicoNDYLO-Sus-Mfc- 
 TATAHS., Ch.), Extensor carpi radial, lon- 
 gior, brevior, langer, undkurzer ausserer 
 Speichenmuskel, respectively, of Latin and 
 German anatomical writers : 3. an artery, 
 Artere radiale, die SpeicAenschlagader,G., 
 abranch of the brachial; which,after sup- 
 plying the adjacent parts in its progress a- 
 long thefore-arm, terminates by the format- 
 ion of the deep-seated palmar arch, PALM- 
 AIRE : and, 4. the two accompanying veins, 
 venae radiales, L. ; termed, by French 
 writers, Veines radiales profondes, to distin- 
 guish them from, V. radiale cutanee,Ch^ 
 la V. cephalique, of preceding Anatomists. 
 RADicAL,adj., radicalis,. : pertaining 
 to, or springing from, the root, radix ; as, 
 in Botany, the radical leaf, Wurzelblatt, 
 G., of Fritillaria imperialis ; and the flow- 
 er, Fleur radicate, of Bellis. In Therapeu- 
 tics, the term, radical is applied to treatment 
 which cures a disease by the destruction of 
 its root, or cause; and hence opposed, in sig- 
 nification, to PALLIATIF. 
 
 RADICAXT, adj., radicosus, L., wur- 
 zelnd, G. : producing roots ; as, in Botany, 
 the stem of Biynonia radicans, and leaf of As- 
 pidium rhizophyllum. RADICATION, s. f., 
 radicatio, f. L., die Wurzelung, G., the 
 action of throwing out roots. 
 
 RADiciFORME,adj., radiciformis,L., 
 pi&lvs, wurzelartig, wurzelformig, G., 
 radiciform : exhibiting the figure or a root, 
 radix $-,. RADicivoRE,adj ., radicivorus, 
 Li., pi&Qa.'yos, wurzelfressend, G., radi- 
 civorous : feeding on the roots of plants ; as 
 the larva of Melolontha. 
 
 RADICULE, s. f., radicle: in Botany, 
 that portion of the embryo, radicula, f. L., 
 das Wiirzelchen, G., destined to be- 
 come the root, of the future plant ; and the 
 fibrils, fibrillae.L., die\Vurzelfaserh,G., 
 which terminate an adult root. 
 
 11 ADI k, adj. : an epithet, in Zoology, sy- 
 non. with RADIAIRE : in Botany, applied 
 to plants which, as those of Class Syngenc- 
 sia, exhibit radiated flowers, fioresradiati 
 L., die Strahleriblumen, G. 
 
 RADIO-CARPIEN, adj., radio-carpal: an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, 1. to the arti- 
 culation, A rtic. radio-carpienne, which re- 
 sults from the union of the carpal extrem- 
 ity of the radius and corresponding surface 
 of the inter-articular fibre-cartilage of the 
 ulna, with the first or radial row, die 
 erste oder radialreihe, G., of the carpal 
 bones : 2. the Ligaments, les L. radio-carp- 
 iens lateraux, anterieur, et posterieur, by 
 which that articulation is secured: and, 3. a 
 
 463 
 
 RAI 
 
 transverse branch, Artere radio-carpienne 
 transversale palmaire, of the radial arte- 
 ry, distributed on the palmar surface of 
 the carpus. 
 
 RADIO-CUBITAL, adj ., radio-cubitalis, 
 L., see CUBITO-RADIAL. 
 
 RADIO-MUSCULAIRE, adj., radio-mus- 
 cular is, L., radio-muscular: an epithet ap- 
 plied, by Anatomists, to the branches which 
 the radial artery, and nerve, supply to the 
 muscles of the fore-arm. 
 
 RADIO-PALMAIRE, RADIO-SDS-PALM- 
 AIRE, adj., radio-palmaris, radio-supra- 
 palmaris, L. : epithets applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, respectively, to the superficial exter- 
 nal branch with which the radial artery 
 supplies the palm of the hand ; and to that 
 portion of the same artery which, turning 
 obliquely from the carpal extremity of the 
 radius, dips into the interval between the 
 first two metacarpal bones. 
 
 RADIO-PHALANGETTIENrflt PoUCe, T&- 
 
 dio-phalangettianus pollicis, 1...: a term 
 applied, by Chaussier, to Flexor longus pol- 
 licis manus, langer Daumenbeuger, G., 
 see FLECHISSEUR ; from its attachments. 
 RADIUS, s. m. F., et L., die Speiche, 
 G.: in Anatomy, a bone of the fore-arm ; ar- 
 ticulated, above, with the cubital extremi- 
 ty of the osbrachii and ulna; below, with the 
 ulna, see CUBIT us, and first or radial 
 row of the carpal bones. Developed by three 
 points of ossification. 
 
 RAGE,s.f., rabies, f. L., \vtrira,, die 
 Wuth, G.: a disease arranged, by Pinel, in 
 the 4th Class, Neuroses, and 2nd Order,.Zv*. 
 des Fonctions cerebrales, of Nosographie Phi- 
 losophique ; and characterized by delirium, 
 constriction of throat, dysphagia, intense 
 thirst, and horror of liquids, see HYDRO- 
 PHOBIE, and recurrence in paroxysms. 
 Three species, or varieties, are distinguish- 
 ed by the French pathological writers: the 
 communicated, rabies canina, die Hunds- 
 wuth, G., resulting from the bite of a ra- 
 bid animal, commonly a dog ; the sponta- 
 neous, occurring in nervous subjects, und- 
 er the influence of the more violent emo- 
 tions; and symptomatic, connected with A- 
 rachnitis, Mania, Angina, Gastritis, Hypo- 
 chondriasis,or consequent onseverewounds. 
 RAIDEUR, s. f., die Steifheit, G., 
 stiffness : Raid, cadaverique, the rigidity 
 which constitutes one of the characteristic 
 signs of extinction of life 
 
 RAIE, s. f.: in Zoology, a genus of Carti- 
 laginous Fishes, Raia,L., die Roche, G., 
 Ray;constitutingthetypeoftheJ?ay-Fa- 
 mily, Raiidee, L. ; and comprehending se- 
 veral edible species, as the^ate, R. balls, 
 die Glattroche,G. The torpedo, TORP- 
 ILLE, wasformerly included in thisgenus. 
 RAIFORT,S. m. : a genus, in Botany, Ra- 
 phanus ( Tetradynamia, siliquos; Cruciferte), 
 L,., der Rettig, G.,_the Radish. The
 
 RAN 
 
 root,Radis ou Rave, F., of the cultivat- 
 ed species, gemeiner oder Garten- Rettig, 
 forms a pleasant, but indigestible article 
 of diet. R, sauvage : a French synonym of 
 Cochlearla armoracia, see CRANSON. 
 
 RAINURE, s. f.: in Anatomy, an elongat- 
 ed depression on the surface of a bone ; giv- 
 ing passage, or insertion, to blood-vessel, 
 nerve, or muscle. Telle est la Rainure 
 masto'idienne ou digastrique, du temporal, F. 
 
 RAISIN, s. f. : the fruit of the vine, see 
 VIGNE. R. des bois: the fruit of Vaccini- 
 um myrtillus, see AIRELLE. d'ours, 
 ARBOUSSIER. de Renard, PARISETTE. 
 
 RAI.E.S. f. : in Zoology,a genus of Birds, 
 Rallus,&\e Ralle, G., the Rail ; consti- 
 tuting the type of the Family, RALLIDES, 
 s. m. pL, Rallidae, L., of Order, Gralla- 
 tores. s. m.: in Pathology, the sound 
 produced, during the act of respiration, by 
 the passage of the air through fluids which 
 are accumulated in the respiratory tubes. 
 Laennec, Traite d'A uscullation Mediate,. 
 distinguishes four principal species of la 
 respiration ralante, or respiratory rattle: R. 
 crepitantouhumide, Ronchus crepitans,L., 
 Crepitation; muqueux, r- mucosus, 
 Garaouillement ; sec sonore, Ronflement; 
 and sibilant sec, r- sibilans, Sifflement. 
 
 RAMEAP, s. m., ramus, m. L., o ago;, 
 x*.a$as, der Ast, Zweig, G. : in Anatomy, 
 the secondary division of blood-vessels and 
 nerves: in Botany, of the stems of plants : 
 in Geognosy, the mountain-masses which 
 strike off', in different directions, from the 
 principal range or chain. RAMEDX, adj., 
 ramosus.L.,- *XS^$;, 5rAuaoj, astig,G., 
 ramose ; divided into branches; as Cary- 
 ophyllia ramea, among the Polypi; and Cen- 
 chrus ramosissimus, among plants. RAMIFI- 
 CATION, s. f., ramificatio, f. L. : the divi- 
 sion into branches, die Ausbreitung in 
 Aeste, G., of a blood-vessel, nerve, or ve- 
 getable stem; and the6rancAes,themselves, 
 resulting from such division. RAMILLE, 
 s. m., ramulus, m.L., das Aeslchen, der 
 .ZweigjG., branchlet ; twig: the ultimate 
 division of a branch. 
 
 RAMPANT, adj., reptans, L., kriech- 
 end, G., creeping; as, in Botany, the 
 root, Racine rampante, of Antirrhinum , 
 and the stem of Ranunculus repens, der 
 kriechende Hahnenfuss, G. 
 
 RAMPE, s. f., flight of stairs : a term 
 applied, in Anatomy, to two cavities of the 
 cochlea, see LiMA9ON ; one of which, R. 
 externe, ou vestibulaire, scala vestibuli, 
 die ~Vorhofstreppe,G., opens into theves- 
 tibulum; and the other, R. interne, ou 
 tympanique, scala tympani, die Pauken- 
 treppe, indirectly communicates, by the 
 fenestra rotunda, with the tympanum. 
 
 RANINE, adj. : an epithet designative, in 
 Anatomy, of tnat portion, arteria ranina, 
 JL, tiefe Zungenschlagader, G., of the 
 
 464 
 
 RAY 
 
 lingual artery, which runs between theLm- 
 ffualis and Genio-glossus, muscles, to the a- 
 pex linguae ; and of the corresponding vein, 
 Veine ranine, continuous with the lin- 
 gual vein, die Zungenblutader, G. RA- 
 NULE,S. f., ranula, f. L,., die Froschlein- 
 geschwullst, G., see GRENOUILLETTE. 
 
 RAFACE,adj., rapax,L., ^a|, rau- 
 berisch, raubgierig, G., rapacious : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Ornithology, to an Order 
 of Class, Aves; comprehending those birds, 
 Rapaces, F. et L., Raptores, L., which , 
 as the species of the Vulture-, Falcon-, and 
 Owl- Families, Vulluridae, Falconidce, et 
 Strigulce, subsist by rapine. 
 
 RAPHE, s. m., % putfti, raphe, f. L., 
 die Nath, G., a seam : a term applied, in 
 Anatomy,!. to the projecting seam-like line, 
 Raphe scroti, et perinceiJL.; which extends 
 a radice penis usque ad anum : and, 2 
 thedouble line which longitudinally travers- 
 es the whole superior surface of the corpus 
 callosum cerebri. 
 
 RAPPORT, s. m., relatio, f.L., record : 
 in French Jurisprudence, the official docu- 
 wenZrequired.from the Physician and Sur- 
 geon, in all medico-legal investigations. It 
 comprehends, or should comprehend, und- 
 er the distinct heads o? protocol, description, 
 and results, the preliminary observations, 
 the authentic facts of the case, and the in- 
 ferences legitimately deducible from them. 
 In the Natural Sciences, a term, relation, 
 synon. with AFFINITE. 
 
 RARIFEUILXE, adj., rarifolius,!^, see 
 PAUCIFOLIE. RARIFLORE, adj., rariflo- 
 rus. see PAUCIFLORE. 
 
 RASOIH, s. m., novacula, tonsorius cul- 
 ter, L., das Schermesser, G., razor: an 
 instrument employed, in Surgery, to re- 
 move the hairs in the vicinity ofwound or 
 sore ; or from parts destined to become the 
 seat of surgical dressing or operation. 
 
 RATANHIA, s. f.: in Botany, a species, 
 belonging to genus, Kramer ia ( Tetrandrio, 
 monoyyn.; PolygalecB),~L*.; which grows in 
 Peru. Root, radix Ratanhwe,^., die Ra- 
 tanhia-\Vurzel, G., used as a colouring- 
 matter for port-wine; eminently astringent. 
 
 RATE, s. f., a a--TX>jy, splen, lien, m. 
 L., die Milz, G., milt or spleen : in A- 
 natomy,a spongy and vascular organ,deep- 
 ly seated in the left hypochondriac region, 
 with the diaphragm above ; descending co- 
 lon below ; and cardiac extremity of the 
 stomach, and cartilages of the false ribs,on 
 either side. For an account of the nerves 
 and blood-vessels, of the spleen, see SPLE- 
 NIQUE. The uses of this organ, probably 
 connected with sanguification of the chyle, 
 are yet unknown. It is, apparently, not 
 essential to life. 
 
 RAYON,S. m., radius, m.L., inAnato- 
 my, one of the bones, Os du rayon, F., 
 */f, die kleine Elbogenrohre, G.,
 
 11EC 
 
 of the fore-arm, see RADIUS: in Zoology, 
 the rays, radii, L., die Strahlen, oder 
 Griiten, of the fins of Fishes. In Botany, 
 the ./fore/, Hgula, of the circumference of 
 radiated flowers; the peduncles, Strahlen, 
 of an umbel ; and the medullary pro- 
 cesses, radii medullares, dieMark.siraM- 
 en, which, in all directions, issue from 
 the circumference of the pith in the stem 
 of arborescent dicotyledonous plants. In 
 Physics, the sun-beam, f> ax-riv, der Son- 
 nenstrahl; composed, 1. of the seven lumi- 
 nous rays; 2. of the obscure calorific ; 
 and, 3. of the chemical rai/s. RAYONNANT, 
 adj., radians, L., stralilend, G., radi- 
 ant, radiating: moving, or disposed, in the 
 manner of rays from a centre. RAYONNIS, 
 radiatus, gestrahlt, radiated ; as a ra- 
 diated animal, see RADIAIRE ; a radiated 
 flower, eine Strahlenblume, G. The epi- 
 thet is, also, applied, by Anatomists, to di- 
 vers parts, or organs ; as the ciliary liga- 
 ment, das Strahlenba.nd,G.: and the liga- 
 ments which connect the tarsal extremi- 
 ties of the tibia and fibula ; from their rad- 
 iated structure or disposition. 
 
 RE-ACTIF, s. m.: in Chemistry, the de- 
 signation of substances, reagentia,L>., re- 
 agents, employed to ascertain the nature 
 of bodies, determine their composition, and 
 separate from each other, their constitu- 
 ent elements. 
 
 REACTION, s. f., reactio, f. L., dieGe- 
 genwirkung, G. : in Pathology, the action 
 of an organ which reflects upon another, the 
 irritation previously transmitted to itself; 
 the increased impetus which succeeds as- 
 phyxia, or torpor, from severe commotions 
 of the nervous system, or the influence of 
 cold, or other depressing agents. 
 
 RECEPTACLE, s. m., receptaculum, n. 
 L.., der Fruchtboden, G. : in Botany, 1. 
 the surface of the summit of the flower- 
 stalk, which, when bearing a solitary flow- 
 er, constitutes the sedesfloris, of Grew,and 
 the torus, of Salisbury; when several, the 
 Clinanthe, et Phoranth'c, of other Botan- 
 ists: 2. that part, placenta, of the inte- 
 rior of the pericarp, to which the seed is 
 attached : and, 3. the organs, of various fi- 
 gure, which contain the sporules of the 
 Cryptogamous Plants. Receptaculum, vel Cis- 
 terna, chyli, der Anfang des Ductus tho- 
 racicus, G., see CITERNE. 
 
 RECHUTE, s. f., relapse : m Pathology, 
 the return of a disease, der Ruchfall einer 
 Krankheit, G., during, or shortly after, 
 convalescence : RECIDIVE, s. f., das Re- 
 cidiv, after complete recovery. 
 
 RECIPIENT, s. m.: in Chemistry, a ves- 
 sel of glass; destined to receive the products 
 oi distillation, or other chemical process. 
 R.florentin, that, employed in the collec- 
 tion of essential oils : in Physics, the re- 
 ceiver of the air-pump. 
 4G5 
 
 REC 
 
 RECLINE, adj., reclinatus, I.,., nieder- 
 bogen, zuriickgelegt, G., reclined : bent 
 towards the earth ; as, in Botany, the stem 
 of Ficus, and the leaf of Calla. 
 
 RECTANGULAtRE,adj., rec.tangulus,L., 
 rechteckig,G., rectangular : exhibiting 
 right angles, rectos angulos, L. 
 
 RECREMENT, s. m., recrementum, n. 
 L.: in Physiology, a fluid which, as the sa- 
 liva and pancreatic juice, separated from 
 the blood by a secretory organ, re-enters the 
 circulation. RECREMENTEUX,RECBEMEN- 
 TiTiEL,adj., recrementitious: pertaining 
 to, or having the characters of, recrement. 
 
 RECREMENTO-ExCREMENTITIEL,adj., 
 
 recremento-excrementitious:an epithet ap- 
 plied to an animal fluid which is partly re- 
 absorbed, and partly excrete/I. 
 
 RECTIFICATION, s. f., rectificatio, f. L., 
 die Rectificirung, G.: in Chemistry, the 
 process employed for the purification of flu- 
 ids, by distilling them a second time, either 
 alone, or in admixture with other bodies. 
 RECTIFIE, adj., rectificatus, L., purifi- 
 ed ; as rectified spirit of wine, rectificirter 
 Weingeist, G., by distillation. 
 
 RECTO-UHETHRAL, adj. : an epithe,t de- 
 signative, in Surgery, ofjistula, f. rec!o-u- 
 rethralis, !>., which implicates the rectum 
 and urethra. RECTO-VAGINAL, adj. : in 
 Anatomy, of the partition, Cloison recto- 
 vayinale, septum r.-vaginale, L., formed 
 by adhesion of Ihe rectuman<lvagina,m the 
 female subject. RECTO- VESICAL, adj., 
 recto-vesicalis, L. : an epithet applied to 
 Sanson's operation for extraction of stone 
 from the bladder, through the rectum. 
 
 RECTUM, s. m.: a term, from the Latin, 
 literally signifying straight; and employed, 
 by Anatomists, to designate the last and 
 slightly curved portion, intestinum rec- 
 tum, L., der Mastdarm, G., of the great 
 gut ; which, succeeding the sigmoid flex- 
 ure of the colon, extends from the left side 
 of the sacro-vertebral articulation, to the 
 apex of the os coccygis, where it termin- 
 ates, on the exterior of the body, by an o- 
 rifice, named ANUS. RECTITE, s.f., rect- 
 itis, f. Li., Mastdarmentziindung, f. G., 
 inflammation of the rectum. 
 
 RECURRENT, adj., recurrens, L. : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Anatomy, to arteriesand. 
 nerves ; which, after having proceeded a cer- 
 tain distance from, run lack towards, the 
 point from whence they have originated. 
 This distribution is exhibited, 1. by the re- 
 current arteries of the fore-arm ; of which 
 there are distinguished, a. YArterc rCcurr- 
 ente radiale ( recurrente de 1'upicondyle, 
 Ch.), die zurucklaufendc Speichenschlaga- 
 der,G.; b., and c. Art. recurrente citlitalc a 
 lerieure ( rlcurr. de Te'pitrochle'e, Ch.) 
 die#wrc/;7aw/<?M<feEllenDogenschl., et/>os- 
 terleiire, branches of the ulnar ; and, d. Art. 
 recurr. radiale posterieure ( rector, olecra- 
 
 2H
 
 REG 
 
 lienne, Ch.), arteria interossea recurrens.. 
 JL., given off' by the posterior interosse- 
 ous : 2. by an artery of the leg, Art. re- 
 currenle tibiate ( recurr. du genou, Ch.), 
 die zurucklaufende Schienbeinschl., sup- 
 plied by the anterior tibial : and, 3 by a 
 Nerve, tferflaryruji infer icur, ou recurrent, 
 zuriicklaufender Nerv, emanating from 
 the pneumo-gastric. In Comparative An- 
 atomy, the nerve which, in Insects, repre- 
 sents the pneumo-gastric of the higher a- 
 nimals, is, by Cuvier, termed the recurrent. 
 
 REDOUBLEMENT, s. m. : in Pathology, 
 augmentation in the intensity, exacerba- 
 tion of the symptoms, of a disease. 
 
 REDUCTION, s. f., reductio, f. L. : in 
 Surgery, an operation, die Reduction, 
 Zuruckbringung,G., which has, for its ob- 
 ifict, the restitution of displaced parts, as of 
 the intestine in hernia, and of bones in dis- 
 location or fracture, to their original site 
 and relations : in Chemistry, the process, 
 die Wiederherstellung, whereby a me- 
 tallic oxide is deprived of its oxygen, and 
 reduced to the metallic state. 
 
 REFLKCHI, adj., reflexus, L., aus- 
 warts gebogen, zurikkgebogen, reflected, 
 bent outwards : an epithet, in Botany, de- 
 signative of plants, and their organs, which, 
 as the leaf, Feuille reftcchie, of Dracaena 
 reflexa, the spines, Aiguillons reflechis, of 
 Rubusfruticosus, and stamens, Etamines re- 
 flechies of Urtica, exhibit this disposition. 
 
 REFLECTION, s.f., reHectio, f. L., die 
 Zuriickwerfung, G. : in Physics, the resi- 
 lition of a rapidly moving body, as light, 
 from the surface of another body by which 
 its progress is arrested, at an angle equal 
 to that of its incidence : in Physiology, the 
 action, dasNachdenken,dieUeberlegung, 
 G., of the reflecting organs. 
 
 REFRACTION, s. f., refractio, f. L., die 
 Strahlenbrechung,G. : in Physics, the phe- 
 nomenon exhibited by rays of light, in pas- 
 sing obliquely from one medium to anoth- 
 er, of different density. REFRANGIBLE, 
 adj., refringi potens, L., brechbar,G., 
 possessing the property of refranglbillty, 
 REFRANGIBILTTE, s. f , die Brechbarkeit. 
 
 REFRIGERANT, REFRIGERATIF, adj., 
 kvihlend, G. : possessing, as refrigerant re- 
 medies, remedia refrigerantia, L., huhl- 
 gndeArzeneymittel, thepropertiesof,Rfc- 
 FRTGERATION, s. f., refrigeratio, f. L., 
 die Kiihlung, Abkuhlung,G., reduction of 
 the temperature of a body. 
 
 REGENERATION^, f., regeneratio,f. L., 
 avaysvuxr/j, das Wiederwachsen,G., 
 reproduction of a part, lost or destroyed. 
 
 REGIME, s. m., regimen, L., and E.. 
 die Lebensordnung,G.: in Hygiene.the re- 
 gulated use of aliments, see DIETE, and 
 of everything essential to life, in health and 
 disease: in Botany, the popular designation 
 odhespadixofthePalmts. SeeDATTiER. 
 
 465 
 
 REI 
 
 REGION, s. f., regio, f. L., %ua, die 
 Gegend, G. : in Anatomy, a determinate 
 space of the surface of the body, relatively 
 to the neighbouring parts. See Velpeau, 
 Analomie des Regions, etc. 8vo. Paris. 1825. 
 
 REGLES, s. f. pi. : a popular designation 
 of the menstrual flux, see MENSTRUES. 
 
 REGLISSE, s. f. : the French designation 
 of Liquoritia vulgaris, and its root, see 
 GLYCYRRHIZA. 
 
 REGNE, s. m., regnum, n. L., -/i /-W/A- 
 /a, das Reich, G., kingdom. Systema- 
 tic Naturalists have distributed all the pro- 
 ductions of Nature into three kingdoms : 
 the^7iiwa/,and Vegetable, das Thier-, und 
 Prlanzenra'cA, G.. together constituting 
 the organic kingdom, R. organique, F.; and 
 the Mineral, das MineralmcA, the inor- 
 ganic. To these, the addition of a fourth, 
 the aerial or gaseous kingdom, has.with ques- 
 tionable propriety, been proposed. All 
 these grand Divisions necessarily admit va- 
 rious Sub-divisions : to the primary ofwhich, 
 the term, Sub-1 Ingdom, Sub-regnum, L., 
 Sous-regne, F., has been, by the modern 
 Physiographists.most happilyapplied. See 
 Cuvier, Regne Animal, 5 vols. 8vo. Paris, 
 1829 ; and Jones, General Outline of the A- 
 nlmal Kingdom, 8vo. London, 1838. 
 
 REGULE, s. m., regulus, m. L. : a term 
 applied, by the ancient Chemists, to the 
 pure metals, which they regarded as petty 
 kings, reguli, pi., L.., in their relation to 
 gold, the king of metals. 
 
 REGULIER, adj., regularis, L., regel- 
 massig, G., regular : an epithet applied, 
 in Pathology, to the pulse, when the inter- 
 val between each pulsation of the artery is 
 perfectly equal ; and to diseases when they 
 pursue an tminterruptedprogress : in Zoolo- 
 gy, and Botany, to the organs of animals, 
 and plants, when, as the antenna of certain 
 Insects, and the corolla of Ligustrum, they 
 exhibit a regular structure. 
 
 REGURGITATION, s, f., regurgitatio, f. 
 L.: the act whereby gas, or other matter, 
 RENVOIS, is brought, with out volunta- 
 ry effort, from the stomach to the mouth. 
 
 REIN, s. m., ren, renis, m. L., a vup^ V, 
 dieNiere,G., kidney. In Anatomy, the 
 kidneys, les Reins, rencs, /' v<pj<w, die 
 Nieren, are two glandular organs, of ovoid 
 and compressed figure; deeply situated in 
 the lumbar region, on each side of the verte- 
 bral column; and destined to secrete urine. 
 They are composed of two distinct substan- 
 ces : znexterior or cortical, corticale,F., 
 and an interior or tubular, tubuleuse, ou ma- 
 melonnee. For a more particular account 
 of the structure of the kidney, See BAS- 
 SINET, et CALICE ; of its vessels, and ap- 
 pendages, EMULGENT, RENAL, et URE- 
 TERE : of its pathology, Rayer, Traite des 
 Maladies des Reins, 3 vols. 8vo. avec Y Atlas 
 in-Folio. Paris, 1839.
 
 REN 
 
 REINAIRE, adj., renarius, L.: an epi- 
 thet applied, in Botany, to those organs of 
 plants; which, as the leaf of Asarum curo- 
 p<Bum, resemble, in figure, a kidney, ren,L,. 
 
 RELACHANT,adj., relaxans,L., relax- 
 ing : an epithet applied, in Therapeutics, 
 to remedies, Medicaments relachants, F., 
 remedia relatantia, vel emollientia, L., 
 erweichende,erschla(fendeMitte\,G., which 
 operate by diminishing the tension, or ere- 
 thism, of the animal organs. 
 
 RELACHEMENT, s. m., relaxatio, f. L., 
 o atitt.%a^afff<t.oc, a.vi<ri;, relaxation : in 
 Physiology, the state, die Erschlaffung, 
 G., of an organ, opposed to that of contrac- 
 tion : in Pathology, excessive laxity of an 
 animal structure ; as sometimes exhibited 
 by the uvula. RELAXATION, s. f. : synon. 
 with the preceding. 
 
 RELEVEITB, s. m, levator, m. L., Auf- 
 heber, m. G. : a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to certain muscles whose function consists in 
 elevating the parts to which their moveable 
 extremity is affixed. Of these, there are, 1 . 
 le M. releveur de faile du nez, Levator alae 
 nasi, of Cowper ; comprehending the Pyra- 
 midal, et Transversal du nez, of French Ana- 
 tomists : 2 commun de Taile du nez et 
 
 delalevresuperieure, see E'LEVATEUR : 3. 
 commun des levres, see CANIN : 4. 
 
 de lalevre inferieure, see HOUPPE : 5. 
 
 du menton, see HOUPPE : 6. de la 
 
 luette, see PALATO-STAPHYLIN : 7- 
 
 de Vomoplate, see ANGULAIRE : 8. des 
 
 cotes, see SuR-CosTAUx : 9. de Fanus 
 
 ( SOUS-PUBIO-COCCYGIEN, Ch) : 10 
 
 de I'urethre, a portion of the Transver- 
 sus pcriiKBi, described, under this designa- 
 tion, by Santorini : 1 1. de la prostate, 
 theanteriorfibresofthe Levator ani; which, 
 embracing the prostate, are regarded, by the 
 
 same, as a distinct muscle: and, 12. 
 
 du coccyx, see IscHio-CoccYGiEN. 
 
 REMEDE, s. m., remedium, n. L., das 
 Arzeneimittel, Heilmittel, G., remedy : 
 atermdesignativeof every snbstance which 
 is calculated to remove, or effect a salutary 
 alteration in the symptoms of, a disease. 
 
 REMISSION, s. f., remissio, f. L., der 
 Nachlass, die Remission, G. : in Pathology, 
 that cessation of febrile symptoms, which 
 occurs between the paroxysms of remittent 
 fever, febris remittens, L., nachlassendes, 
 remittirendrs Fieber, G. : also, the diminu- 
 tion, die Verminderung, of those symp- 
 toms, in fever of the continued type ; or of 
 morbid phenomena in general. 
 
 REMORA, s. m.: in Surgery, a bandage 
 destined to retain displaced parts, or organs, 
 in their natural situation : in Ichthyology, 
 the specificdesignation ofamarinejish, E- 
 chcneis remora, see EcHENkiDE. 
 
 RENAL, adj., renalis, L.. zu den yier- 
 en gehorig, G., pertaining to, formed in, 
 or implicating, the kidney, see REIN ; as, 
 
 467 
 
 REN 
 
 in Anatomy, 1. the renal arteries, Arteres 
 renales, ou emnloentes,Y., die Nierensc\\\a.- 
 gadern, G., branchesof theabdominal aor- 
 ta : 2. Veins, venae renales, L., die Nier- 
 ewblutadern, which pour their blood into 
 
 the inferior cava: 3. the nervous plexuses, 
 
 Plexus rcnaiix, das rechte und das linke 
 .ZViereMgeflecht, G., constituted by twigs 
 from the solarorcoeliac plexus,fromthe ex- 
 ternal part of the semi-lunar ganglia, and 
 from the expansion of the lesser splanchn- 
 ic nerves; and, 4. the renal capsules, die 
 -ZVte/vnkapseln, see SUCCENTURIAUX: in 
 Pathology, renal calculi, and inflammation, 
 see CALCUL, et NEPHRITE. 
 
 RENiFORME,adj., reniformis,L., nier- 
 enf ortnig, G., reniform : exhibiting the 
 figurecfc the human kidney , as, in Botany, 
 the leafoi'Aspleniumreniforme, and the an- 
 ther of Glechoma hederacea. 
 
 RENONCULACEES, s. f. pi., Ranuncula- 
 cece, L., die Ranunkelgewachse, G. : in 
 Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous poly- 
 petalous plants ; having, for type, the ge- 
 nus, Ranunculus, see 
 
 RENONCULE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Ranunciilus(Polt/andria,polygyn.iRanuncul- 
 acece),!,., die Ranunkel, der Hahnenfuss, 
 Krahenfuss,G., the Crowfoot, TO f>a.r^a.- 
 X,io*, of the Greeks ; comprehending nume- 
 rous species which ordinarily contain an a- 
 crid principle. Thus, the fresh leaf of la 
 Renoncule acre, ou bouton d'or, R. acris, 
 der scharfe Hahnenfuss, G., is epispastic ; 
 and thereof of la Ren. bulbeuse, R. bulbos- 
 us, der knollige//aAw>ra/., rubefacient. Of 
 Ren. scelerate, R. sceleratus,der giftige 
 Hahn., the whole plant is poisonous ; and 
 Ren.flammete, ou la petite douve, R.flam- 
 mula, der kleine Sumpfhahnenfuss, klein- 
 es Speerkraut, induces, when eaten by the 
 horse, swelling and gangrene. For an ac- 
 count of Ren. chelidoine, die Feigen-.ffa- 
 nunkel, see FICAIRE. See, also, Roques, 
 Phytographie Medicale, vol. ii, p. 110. 
 
 RENOUEE, s. f . : a genus, in Botany, 
 Polygonum (Octandria, trigyn.) L., TO n- 
 Xu'yoi'o', of the Greeks ; constituting the 
 type of the POLYGYNEES; and comprizing 
 many species. Of these, may be distin- 
 guished, 1. the Buck-wheat, le Sarrasin, 
 F., P. fagopyrum, der Buchweizen, G. ; 
 and, 2. the Tartarian, Ble noir de Tartarie, 
 P. tartaricum, der Sibirische Buchw, 
 cultivated for their/armo: S.theclimbing , 
 Ble noir liseron, P. convolvulus ? die 
 Buchwinde, producing edible seeds; 4. the 
 bistort, die Viperwurz, see BISTORTE : 
 5. the Knot-grass, la Ren. vulgaire, ou Cen- 
 tinode, P. aviculare, der Wegetritt, Vo- 
 gelknoterich, Vogelwegetritt, the seeds 
 of which are emetic ; andTe. the Water-pep- 
 per, le Poivre d'eau, P. hydropiper, der 
 WasserpfefFer, acrid and diuretic. 
 RENOUER, s. m., a bone-setter. 
 H2
 
 REP 
 
 RENVERSEMENT, s. m., eversion, in- 
 version. Renv.de matricc, seeANASTROPH- 
 IE. de paupiere, seeEcTROPioN. Jienv., 
 ou Chute, de rectum, procidentia, vel pro- 
 lapsus ani, n vgovrrtuffis ug%ou, der Vorjall 
 des Mastdarms, seePRocTOPTOSE. Renv. 
 de Vessie, see EXSTROPHIE. 
 
 RENVOIS, s. m. pi. : the matters brought 
 up by regurgitation. 
 
 REpERCUSsir,adj., repercutiens, L., 
 zuriicktreibend, G., repercussive : an e- 
 pithet designative, in Therapeutics, of re- 
 medies, medicamina repellentia, TO, a,<ffo- 
 xgovffTixa; zurucktreibende Arzneien,G.; 
 which, as astringents and cold, when appli- 
 ed to the exterior of an inflamed part, re- 
 pel to the interior the redundant fluids. 
 RfcpERCussiON, s. f., repercussio, f. L., 
 der Zuriickstoss, G. : the action of repellent 
 remedies ; the disappearance of tumour, or 
 cutaneous exanthema, from the applica- 
 tion of such remedies. 
 
 REPLETION, s. f., repletio, f. L., see 
 
 REPOUSSOIR, s.m., repulsorium, n. I* : 
 in Surgery, an instrument employed in the 
 extraction of the roots of teeth. It. d'ar- 
 retes, probang: an instrument destined to 
 propel foreign bodies which obstruct the 
 oesophagus, into the stomach. 
 
 REPRODUCTION, s. f., F., G., and E., 
 reproductio, f. L. : the action whereby or- 
 ganized beings perpetuate their species. 
 The term is peculiarly applicable to plants. 
 
 REPTILE, s. m., and adj., reptilis, L., 
 
 TO IgTirov, igvri'ro;, kriechendes Thier, 
 kriechend, G., a reptile, creeping. REP- 
 TILES, s. m. pi., Reptilia, L., TO. Ep-rtra, 
 
 die Reptilien, G.: in Zoology, the first 
 Order of the Class, Amphibia, of Linnaeus ; 
 including his genera, Testudo, Rana, Dra- 
 co, and Lacerta ; and the third Class of the 
 Vertebrata,oi' Cuvier, consisting of the Che- 
 Ionian, Saurian, Ophidian, and Bntrachian 
 Orders. In modern Systems, the Reptile- 
 Class comprehends only the three former: 
 while the last constitutes a distinct Class, 
 
 see AMFHIBIE. The Reptiles, thus re- 
 stricted, possess, in common with the Am- 
 phibians, red and cold blood, a trilocular 
 heart, and two ovaries, with the oviducts 
 terminating in a cloaca ; and are destitute, 
 like them, of diaphragm, epiglottis, mamma- 
 ry gland, hairand feathers: but distinguish- 
 ed by a pulmonary respiration through eve- 
 ry period of life. Several of the Chelonian 
 and Saurian Reptiles, and their ova, see 
 CHELONEE, et IGUANIENS, supply deli- 
 cate articles of human sustenance: and the 
 savage of Africa still, as in the daysof Pli- 
 ny, feeds upon snakes, seeOpnioPHAGE. 
 
 REPULSION, s. f, repulsio, f. L., 
 eivruifis, ft a.vi>x.ou<ris, die Zuriickstossung, 
 G. : in Physics, the force whereby bodies, 
 or their molecules, mutually repel each o- 
 
 4G8 
 
 RES 
 
 ther ; also, the effect resulting from the 
 operation of this force. 
 
 RESEAU, s. m., rete vel reticulum, n. 
 L., TO S/Wz/av, das Netz, G. : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to the reticulated int- 
 ermixture of blood-vessels, lymphatics, or 
 nervous filaments. R. admirable ou merveil- 
 leux, F., rete mirabile, L., Wunderaete, 
 G.: the vascular network formed by the in- 
 ternal carotid and vertebral arteries, in the 
 basis cranii of the higher animals. In Bo- 
 tany, the delicate filamentous structure 
 which descends from the border of the pi- 
 leus of certain of the Agarici, to the stem. 
 
 RESECTION, s. f., die Wegschneidung, 
 G.: in Surgery, an operation, ossium ra- 
 sectio, L., consisting in removal, by the 
 saw, of extremities of bones, either in caries, 
 or unconsolidated fracture of these organs. 
 
 RESERVOIR, s. m., receptaculum,n.L., 
 Behalter, m. G., receptacle : in Anato- 
 my, a cavity, or dilated portion of a vessel, 
 wherein a fluid is collected. R. de la bile, 
 see CHOLECYSTE ; du chyle, see Ci- 
 TERNE ; des larmes, SAC Lacrymal; 
 de I'urine, VESSIE. See, also, SINUS. 
 
 RESIDU, s. m., residuum, n. L., das 
 Uebrige,G., residue : the substance which 
 remains after a chemical operation. 
 
 RfesiNE, s. f., resina, f. L., ft puritn, 
 das Harz, G., resin : in Chemistry, an 
 immediate principle of vegetables ; com- 
 posed of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon; and 
 ordinarily.exhibiting a concrete and fra- 
 gile structure. For an account of the prin- 
 cipal resins, see ANIME, E'LEMI, GAI'AC- 
 INE, LAQUE, et PICROMEL. 
 
 REsoLUTir,adj., resolvens,L., resol- 
 vent : an epithet applied, in Therapeutics, 
 to remedies, medicamenta resolventia, L. t 
 auflosendc Arzneien, G., which favour 
 the resolution, RESOLUTION, s. f., resol- 
 utio, f. L., die Aunosung, G., of a swol- 
 len or inflamed part. Res. des membres, 
 synon. with PARALYSIS. 
 
 RESONANCE, s. f., resonantia, f. L., 
 der Wiederklang, G.: a term applied, by 
 some writers, to fracture, Fr. par resonance, 
 of the skull by counter-stroke. 
 
 RksoRPTiON, s. f., resorptio, f. (resorl- 
 ere, to absorb afresh), L. : the absorption of 
 a fluid or other matter, as of serum, blood, 
 or pus, which has previously been poured 
 out, or secreted, into any cavity, or struc- 
 ture, of the animal body. 
 
 RESPIHABILITE, s. f., respirabilitas, f. 
 L., die Einathembarkeit, G., respirabi- 
 lity: the quality of a gas which is respira- 
 l,le, RESPiRARLE,adj., respirabilis,L., 
 einathembar, G., fit for respiration. See 
 
 RESPIRATION, s. f., respiratio, f., respi- 
 ratus, m. L., av?rv>j, das Athem, A- 
 themholen,G.:in Physiology, the function 
 whereby the blood, or vitalfluid, of an or- 
 ganized being, from contact with the at-
 
 11ET 
 
 mospheric air, undergoes chemical chang- 
 es, of a nature not yet precisely known ; 
 and is fitted for the sustenance of animal 
 and vegetable life. In the higher animals 
 which, as the Vertcbrata, respire by lungs 
 or gills, respiration consists of mechanical 
 and chemical phenomena ; and the blood is 
 sent by the vascular into the respiratory 
 apparatus, for the purposes of aeration. 
 In the lower, on the contrary, as in In- 
 sects, the air is conveyed to the circulating 
 fluid, through tracheae or air-tubes, which, 
 opening on the exterior by spiracula, are 
 distributed, in minute ramifications, on its 
 containing vessels. 
 
 RESSERRE, adj., astrictus, L.: an epi- 
 thet applied to the bowels, alvus astricta, 
 I,., when suffering from constipation. 
 
 RESTAURATION, s. f., restauratio, re- 
 
 f'ectio, f. Ij., w avaXji^ij, avKT^'.-^is, die 
 
 Wiederherstellung, G., restoration : re- 
 stitution, or recovery, of the physical pow- 
 ers, when exhausted by inordinate exer- 
 tion or disease. 
 
 RETENTION, s. f., retentio, f. L., die 
 Verhaltung.G. : in Pathology, a morbid ac- 
 cumulation of solid or of liquid matter in 
 the cavity of an organ from which it is na- 
 turally discharged. Retention must be dis- 
 tinguished from suppression, the result of 
 a defective or suspended secretion. Thus, 
 retention of urine, urinse retentio, L., die 
 \Jnni-erhaltung, G., consequent on an ur- 
 ethi-al stricture or prostatic enlargement, 
 differs alike, in its nature and treatment, 
 from the suppression caused by nephritis or 
 by a profound and ordinarily fatal affection 
 of the brain and nervous system. 
 
 RETICULAIRE, ou RETIFORME, adj., 
 reticularis, retiformis,L., netzartig, netz- 
 fb'rmig, G., reticular, retiform : resem- 
 bling, or exhibiting the structure of, a net, 
 rete, L., see RESEAU. 
 
 RETICULE, s. m., reticulum, n. L., 
 das Netz, G.: in Botany, the fibrous sheath 
 which surrounds the base of the leaf of the 
 Palmce. RETICULE, adj., netzig, G., re- 
 ticulated : marked with cross lines; as, in 
 Zoology, the shell of Murex reliculoms ; the 
 wing of the Hemerobi, and elytron of Hexo- 
 donrcticiilafum: in Botany, the leaf of Wein- 
 mannia , and fruit of Anona rcticiilat/i. 
 
 RETINE. s.f., retina, f., vel tunica ner- 
 vea oculi, L., die Netzhaut, oder Mark- 
 haut,im Auge,G.: in Anatomy, a soft pul- 
 py, delicate, greyish, and semi-transparent 
 membrane; extending from the optic nerve, 
 of which it is regarded as an expansion, to 
 the crystalline lens; embracing the vitre- 
 ous humour ; and lining the choroid coat 
 without adhering to either. It is formed 
 by two closely adherent, and almost insep- 
 arable, layers of membrane : the internal, 
 soft and medullary ; the external, strong 
 and fibrous : and constitutes the peculiar 
 
 469 
 
 REV 
 
 organ, or seat, of the sense of vision. RE- 
 TINITE, s. , retinitis, f. L,., die Ent- 
 ziindung der Netzhaut, G., inflammation 
 of the retina. 
 
 RETORTE, s. f., retorta, L., CORNUE. 
 
 RETRACTILITE, s. f., retractilitas,f.L., 
 die Zuruchziehbarkeit, G., retractili- 
 ty: the quality of that which is RETRAC- 
 TiLE,adj., retractilis,L., zuriickziehbar, 
 G., susceptible of retraction, see 
 
 RETRACTION, s. f , retractio, f. L., f> 
 avr/Wair/5, die Zuruckziehung, G.: the 
 condition of a part, or organ, as thetestis, 
 when drawn in towards the body ; theshort- 
 ening, raccourcissement, F., of a limb, as 
 of the thigh, in fracture or dislocation. 
 
 RETRECISSEMENT, s. m., coarctatio, f. 
 L,., die Verengerung, G., contraction : 
 the narrowing, or obliteration, of the capaci- 
 ties, or calibre, of a cavity or canal ; as of 
 the colon, or urethra. RETRECI, adj., 
 coarctatus,constrictus,L.., verengert,ver- 
 schmalert,G., contracted : exhibiting the 
 state of narrowing or contraction. 
 
 RETROCESSION, s. f., retrocessio, f. L., 
 das Zuriickgehen, Zuriicktreten, G.:in 
 Pathology, the rctrogradation, or metastasis, 
 of a disease from the surface, to an intern- 
 al organ, of the animal body : in Obstet- 
 rics, the backward movement of the coccyx 
 in the act of parturition. 
 
 RETROVEKSION, s. f.: a term employed 
 to designate that condition, or deviation 
 from the natural site, of the womb, relro- 
 versio uteri, L,., see HYSTEROLOXIE, 
 wherein the fundus of the organ lies in 
 the concavity of the sacrum ; and the neck 
 behind the symphysis pubis. 
 
 RE'Tus,adj., retusus, L., eingedriickt, 
 G. : terminated by a slight sinuosity or hol- 
 low ; as, in Botany, the leaf of Aloe retusa : 
 indented ; as, in Zoology, the corselet of di- 
 vers of the Scarabai. 
 
 REVASSERIE, s. fl: a term applied, by 
 French writers, to the fearful and incon- 
 gruous dreams which frequently charac- 
 terize disturbed sleep. 
 
 REVEIL, s. m., das Erwachen, G., 
 waking : the transition from sleep to con- 
 sciousness. R.ensursaut; abrupt starting 
 from sleep ; produced by frightful dream, 
 palpitation, or pain ; and frequently occur- 
 ring in diseases of the heart, incubus and o- 
 ther severe affections of the nervous sys- 
 tem. Rev. matin : in Botany, a species of 
 spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia, die Sonn- 
 eneuphorbie,G., see EUPHORBE ; the juice 
 of which is highly acrid and irritating. 
 
 REVERBERATION, s. f., reverberatio, f. 
 L,., dieZuriickstrahlung, G.: therejlexion 
 of light and heat from bodies which do not 
 absorb them. REVERBERE, s. m., rever- 
 beratorium, n. !.., Scheinwerfer, m. G. : 
 the metallic plate appended, to lamps, in order 
 to augment the intensity of their light.
 
 RHI 
 
 REVOLUTE, adj., revolutus, L., zu- 
 ruckgerollt, zuriickgebogen, G., rolled , or 
 bent, back ; as, in Botany, the leaf of Hy- 
 pericum revolutum ; the sepal of Stercularia 
 platanifolia,an&stigmaofEpilobiumspicatum. 
 
 REVULSIF, adj., revulsivus, L., avr/- 
 ffvuffTixos, ableitend, G., revulsive : an 
 epithet designative of remedies which, as 
 blood-letting in the foot, blister, and rube- 
 facient, divert irritation from any organ 
 wherein it may be seated. REVULSION, s. 
 f., revulsio, L., v<r<Wa<r/;, das Ab- 
 leiten,G. : the action of revulsive remedies; 
 the consequences of such action. 
 
 RIIACOSE, s. f., pKKuiris, rhacosis, f. 
 JL.r die Erschlaffung des Hodensacks. G., 
 relaxation of the scrotum. 
 
 RHAGADE, s. m., rhagas, f. lj., die 
 Schrunde, Hautschrunde, G., chap, see 
 GERCURE : a term commonly employed to 
 designate the dry fssures,-^Aie trockenen 
 Risse, G., of the integuments of the hand 
 and foot ; and, more especially, the narrow 
 and elongated ulceratlons, Rhagades,p\., F., 
 et L,., a.1 payola, die Risse, G., which, 
 ordinarily of syphilitic origin, occur about 
 the orifices of the mucous membranes, 
 particularly the anus. 
 
 RHAGOIDE, adj., rhagoides, rhagoideus, 
 L.., traubenartigjG.: an epithet employed, 
 in Anatomy, to designate a membrane of the 
 eye, M. UVEE, puyon^ris ft^iiy^, rha- 
 godes tunica, L., die Traubenhaut, G. ; 
 irom its resemblance, in colour, to a grape, 
 
 TO fiytoi. 
 
 RHAMNOIDES, s. f. pi., Rhamni, Rham- 
 noldece, L., die Kreusulorn-Familie, G. : in 
 Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous poly- 
 petalous plants, with hypogynous stamens; 
 having, for type, the genus Rhamnus, see 
 NEHPRUN. 
 
 RHEXTS,S. f. F., etL. : a term borrowed 
 from the Greek, fila ; and employed to de- 
 signate the rupture, dieZerreissung.G., 
 of a vein, or spontaneous bursting or a pu- 
 rulent collection. 
 
 RHINALGIE, s. f., rhinalgia, f. (//v, the 
 nose, city/is, pain), L.., der Nasenschmerz, 
 G,, pain in the nose. 
 
 RHINENCEPHALE, s. m., rhinencepha- 
 lus, m. (Ji, the nose, iyxi<pa>.os, the brain), 
 L,. : a term applied, by Geoffroy-St.-Hi- 
 laire, to a genus of unocular monsters ; cha- 
 racterized by the con version of the woseinto 
 a sort of proboscis. Kraus justly designates 
 this term as a " somewhat extraordinary 
 compound." 
 
 RHINENCHYTE, s. f., opmy^vm;, rhi- 
 nenchytes, f. L., die Nasenspritze, G. : a 
 syringe for the injection of water, or medi- 
 cated fluids, remedia rhinenchyta, L , 
 die Nasenm\\,\.e\, G., into the nasal fossae. 
 RHiNENCHYSE.s.f., t> piviy^uffiet, rhinen- 
 chysia, f. L., das Einsprllzen in die Nose, 
 G. : the act of nasal injection. 
 
 470 
 
 RHU 
 
 RHIKOCARCINOME, s. m., rhinocarcino- 
 ma, n. L., der Nasenkrebs,G., cancer of 
 the nose. RHINOPHONIE, s- f., rhinopho- 
 nia, f. L., das Sprechen durch die Nase, 
 G., speaking through the nose. 
 
 RHINOCNESME,S. m., rhinocnesmus m. 
 L., das Nasenjucken, Nasenkriebeln, G., 
 Itching of the nostrils. 
 
 RHINOPLASTIQUE, s. f., andadj., rhino- 
 plastlca ars, L., die Rhinoplastik, G., 
 rhinoplastics : the act of constnicting artifi- 
 cial, or restoring lost, noses. 
 
 RHINORRHAGIE, s. f., rhinorrhagia, f. 
 (/Six, the nose, pnyvu^to burst forth), L., 
 dasNasenbluten,G., see EPIST AXIS. KHI- 
 NOSTEGNOSE, s. f., rhinostegnosis, f.L., 
 die Nasenverstopfung, G., an obstruction 
 (ffTiyvuffis) of the nasal fossce. 
 
 RHIZAGRE, s. m., r> p^ay^a, rhizagra, 
 f. L. : an Instrument designed for extraction 
 of the roots, or fangs, of teeth, ein Instru- 
 ment zum Ausziehen der Zahnwurzeln, G. 
 
 RHIZONYCHION, s. m., rhizonychium, 
 n. (pi&, root, oWl-, a nail), L., das Klauen- 
 glied, Nagelglied, G. : according to Illiger, 
 that phalanx of the toe, in Mammlfera, and 
 Birds, which supports the nail, or claw. 
 
 RHIZOPHAGE, adj., piZ,o<pa.yos, rhizo- 
 phagus, JL., rhizophagous : feeding upon 
 roots. Synon. with RADICIVORE. 
 
 RHODOMEL, s. m., see MIEL rosat. 
 
 RHCEAS, s. m.: in Pathology, absence, or 
 atrophy, of the caruncula lacrymalis. 
 
 RHOMBOIDAL, RHOMHOIDE, adj., poftfi- 
 oidris, rhomboides,rhomboideus,L., rau- 
 tenformig.G., rhomboid, rhomboidal: ex- 
 hibiting the figure of the rhomb, a pa^os, 
 die Raute, G. ; as, in Anatomy, a dorsal 
 muscle, M. rhombo'lde ( DoRSO-ScApu- 
 LAIRE, Ch.), consisting of two distinct fas- 
 ciculi, and hence described, by Zootomists, 
 as constituting two muscles:the lesseror su- 
 perior, and greater or inferior rhomboid, 
 
 Rhomboideus minor et major, L,., kleiner 
 und grosser .Rautenmuskel, G. : in Zoolo- 
 gy, the testaceous covering of Area rhombea ; 
 the wing of certain Lepidoptera ; and the 
 spots on the body of Coluber rhonibeatus : in 
 Botany, the leaf, rautenformiges Blatt,G., 
 of Campanula rhomboidalis, and ihe fruit 
 of Mirobolanus rhomboidea. 
 
 RHUBARBE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Rheum ( Enneandria, trigyn. ; PolygonetB), 
 L., die od. das Rhabarber, G., the Rhu- 
 barb-plant. Of the few species which it 
 comprizes, R. palmatum (achte Rhabarber, 
 G.), undulatum, and compactum, natives of 
 China, Tartary, and South-Russia, indiscri- 
 minately yield the well-known tonic and 
 purgative root, TO pa.-^a.^a.oo'i, Racine de 
 Rhubarbe, F., radix Rhabarbari vel Rhei, 
 L., das Rhabarber, G., medicinally em- 
 ployed in Europe. The edible rhubarb, 
 R. rhaponticum (die thracische Rh. G.) pos- 
 sesses analogous, but less potent, qualities.
 
 me 
 
 French and German Officinal Preparations : 
 an Aqueous Extract, Extractum Rhei, Ph. 
 Gall., Wasseriges Rhabarberextract, G. ; 
 and a Syrup, Syrupus de Rhabarbaro, 
 Rhabarbersaft. French: Troches, Tabellse 
 de Rheo. Gerrnnn:aCompound Extract,, Zu- 
 sammengesetztes Rh.-extract;and an Aque- 
 ous and Vinous Tincture, Wasseriges und 
 Weinige Rh.-tinctur. Rhubarb takes its 
 designation, according to some Philologists, 
 from pa, the ancient name of the Volga, 
 whence the supplies of this celebrated root 
 were obtained by the Greeks ; and the epi- 
 thet, $dfia.ov, which clearly indicates its 
 exotic origin. Others assert that pa, simply 
 signifies a root ; and trace to this source, 
 the etymology of the specific name of the 
 common edible Rhubarb, R. rhaponticum, 
 fa vovnxiiv, the ponlic root. Rhubarb is 
 iheRavcd,ot Arabian writers ; and ta hoam, 
 of the Chinese. 
 
 RHUMATALGIE, s. f., rheumatalgia, f. 
 L., chronischerr/zewwa^soAer Schmerz,(j., 
 chronic rheumatic pain, RHUMATISME. 
 
 RHUMATIQUE, RHUMATISMAL, adj., 
 pivpa.<rix,i>;, rheumaticus, rheumatismalis, 
 JL., rheumatisch, G., rheumatic, rheu- 
 matismal, pertaining to ; RHUMATI- 
 SANT, adj., suffering from, 
 
 RHUMATISME, s.m., rheumatismus, m 
 (piu/aa, ptufiKTia'^os, a fluxion), L., der 
 Rheumatismus, MuskelschmerZjdieFluss- 
 krankheit, das Gliederreissen, G. : in Pa- 
 thology, inflammation,acute or chronic, of 
 the muscular, fibrous, and sy no vial tissues ; 
 and hence distinguished into Rh. aigu, et 
 chroniquc, F., der acute und chronische 
 Rheumatismus, G. Rheumatism constitutes, 
 with Gout, the 5th Order of the Phlcgma- 
 S'KB, in the Nosographie Philosoph. of Pinel. 
 
 RHUMATOPYBE,S. f., rheum atopy ra, f. 
 (pivpa, KU, fever), L., ein rheumatisch- 
 es Fieber, G ., rheumatic fever. 
 
 RHUME, s. m., ro ptu/^x, rheuma, n. 
 L., rheum: a term, in Pathology, literal- 
 ly signifying catarrh, and, particularly, 
 when employed alone, bronchial catarrh. 
 R. du cerveau, ?-/&ei/manarium, L. : synon. 
 with CORYZA. R. depoitrine, rheuma pec- 
 toris, see BRONCHITE. 
 
 RHYTTHME, s. m., o pufao;, Rhythmus, 
 m. L., and G., rhythm : the order, or pro- 
 portion, existing bet ween different parts of 
 a whole, between phenomena dependent 
 on the same cause ; as the pulsations of an 
 artery, the vibrations of a sonorous body, 
 and the modulations of the human voice. 
 
 RICIK, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Rici- 
 nus ( Monoccla, monadelph ; EiiphorbiaccaE), 
 L., the Palma Christi ; comprehending, 
 with a few other exotic species, the Castor- 
 Oil Plant, le Ric. ordinaire, R.communis, 
 der Wunderbaum, Kreuzbaum,G. ; from 
 the seeds of which, a native of India, the 
 well-known purgative, Castor-oil, Oleum 
 
 471 
 
 RON 
 
 Ricini, das Ricinusol, see HUILE, is 
 obtained. 
 
 RIDE, s. f., fi pvT4s, ruga, f. L., die 
 Runzel, G., wrinkle : the groove, or fold, 
 which occurs in the integuments of the hu- 
 man visage, and the mucous membrane of 
 the vagina. RIDE, adj., rugosus, L., 
 gerunzelt, G-, wrinkled : marked with 
 ruffce ; as, in Zoology, the testaceous enve- 
 lope of Cerithium rugosum : in Botany, the 
 fruit of Astragalus corrugatiis. 
 
 RiRE,s.m., risus, m. L., o yixa;, das 
 Geliichter, G., laughter. Hire canin ou 
 Spasme cyniqite, risus caninus, L. : a spas- 
 modic contraction of the muscles of one of 
 the commissures of the lips, and of the cor- 
 responding cheek. R. Sanlonien ou Sardo- 
 nique, risus sardonicus, L., das sardo- 
 nische Lachen, G., sardonic grin : a con- 
 vulsive affection of the lips and cheek ; 
 which frequently precedes, or accompanies, 
 tetanus ; and is said, also, to attack persons 
 who have eaten a species of Ranunculus in- 
 digenous in Sardinia. 
 
 Riz, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Oryza, 
 ( Hexandria, monoaynia ; Graminece), L., fi 
 "Ogvgiz, chr Reiss,G., Rice. The seed of 
 the common species, O. sativn, a native 
 of China, is amylaceous an&nutritive ; and a 
 decoction of it, r/w-gruel, Decoctum O- 
 ryzce, emollient, and slightly restringent. 
 
 ROBORATIF, adj., roborans, L., see 
 CORROBORANT. 
 
 ROCAMBOLE, s. f., F., and G. : in Bota- 
 ny, a species belonging to genus, Allium., 
 See A i L. A native of Germany and France, 
 A. scorodoprasum, der Aberlauch.G., re- 
 sembles, in its properties, A. sativum. 
 
 RCCHER, s. m. : a term applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to one of the three portions of the 
 temporal bone ; from its rocfc-like hardness, 
 see PETRE. 
 
 ROIDEUR, s. f, die Starrheit, Steifig- 
 keit, G., stiffness. R. cadavcrique, F., 
 corporis rigiditas, L., rigidity of body : the 
 peculiar condition, ordinarily acquired by 
 the limbs of animals soon after death; and 
 constituting one of the most infallible signs 
 of extinction of life. 
 
 ROMARIN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Rosmarinus (Diandria, monogynia ; Labia- 
 tee ), Ij., the Rosemary. The officinal spe- 
 cies, Rom.ordinaire,F . R.officinalis, der 
 Rosmarin, G., a native of South-Europe, 
 yields a fragrant and stimulating Oil, Ole- 
 um Rorismarini, L., das Rosmarinol, G.: 
 and from it are prepared, by the French,and. 
 Germans, an Officinal Spirit, Alcoolatum, 
 Ph. Gall., Rosmarinspiritus, G. ; and, by 
 the latter, a Compound Water, Aqua Regi- 
 nse Hungariae, Ungarisches Wasser; and 
 Ointment, Zusammengesetzte R.-salbe. 
 
 RONCE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Rubtis 
 (Icosandria, polygyn. ; Rosacece ),].,., n fia.- 
 ras, the Bramble ; comprehending many
 
 ROS 
 
 species. Several of these, as la R. bleue, 
 F., R. ccesius, der Bocksbeerenstrauch, 
 G. ; R. noire ou ordinaire, R. fruticosus, 
 TO ftcirov, der Brombeerstrauch ; and R. i- 
 
 dcBUS, fia,rt>s tba'ia., S66 FRAJIBOISIER, 
 
 yield acidulous and laxative fruits, of delici- 
 ous flavour. 
 
 ROND, adj., teres, I.,., rund, G., 
 round : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 parts, or organs, which exhibit a rounded fi- 
 gure ; as, 1. certain Ligaments : of these, 
 maybedistinguished, a. therowrerfligament, 
 L. rond, F., which connects the radius 
 and ulna, at the radio-cubital articulation ; 
 b. the ligamentum tercs, L., kegelform/ges 
 Band, G., whereby the head of the thigh- 
 bone is fixed to the acetabulum ; c. the 
 round ligament of the liver, 1. teres hepatis, 
 das runde Leberband ; and, d. the round 
 ligaments of the womb, die runden Mutter- 
 b'dnder : and, 2. the following muscles of the 
 shoulder and the fore-arm : a. le Muscle petit 
 
 rond ( SUS-SCAPULO-TROCHITERIEN, 
 
 Ch.), Teres minor, L.., kleiner runder 
 Armmuskel, G. ; b. grand rond ( SCAPU- 
 Lo-HuMERAL,Ch), Teres major, grosser 
 runder , and, c. M. rond pronaleur ( E- 
 PITROCHLO-RADIAL, Ch.), Pronator radii 
 teres, runder Vorwartsdreher, G. 
 
 RONFLEMENT,S.m., o payees, ronchuS, 
 
 m. L., das Schnarchen, G., snoring: the 
 noise caused by the passage of the air 
 through the fauces and nasal fossae in respi- 
 ration, either during sleep or the invasion 
 of certain diseases, as Apoplexy. 
 
 RONGEURS, s. m.pl., Rodentia,n. pi. L., 
 die Nagenden, G. : the fifth Order of 
 Mammifera, in the Regne Animal, ofCuvi- 
 er ; comprehending unguiculated animals 
 which, as the Beaver, and the Hare, see 
 CASTOR, et LIEVRE, are characterized by 
 the possession of two large incisor teeth in 
 each jaw, and the absence of the canine or 
 cuspidali ; and, consequently destined to 
 knaw their food. Synon. with the Glires, 
 of Linnaeus, and Blumenbach. 
 
 ROSACE, adj., rosaceus, L., poboiiSris, 
 rosenartig, G., rosaceous, rose-like: an 
 epithet specifically designative, in Zoology, 
 and Botany, of animals and plants, whose 
 organs, as the ambulacra of Clypcaster rosa- 
 ceus, and the scales of the involucrum of Pro- 
 tea rosacea, are disposed like the petals of the 
 simple rose. ROSACEES, s. f. pi., Rosacea, 
 L. ? die Rosen- Familie,G. : in Botany, a Fa- 
 mily of dicotyledonous polypetalous plants, 
 with perigynous stamens; having, for type, 
 the genus, Rosa, see ROSIER. 
 
 ROSAT, s. m., et adj. : a term applied to 
 all pharmaceutical preparations, of which, as 
 le Afiel, et le vinaigre, rosat, the rose consti- 
 tutes an ingredient. 
 
 ROSEE, s. f., ros, m. L., ft ^luros, der 
 Thau, G., dew : a meteorological pheno- 
 menon, consisting in the condensation of 
 
 472 
 
 ROT 
 
 water on plants, by the cold of night ; and 
 dependent partly on the process of trans- 
 piration in plants themselves, and, partly, 
 on vapours exhaled by the earth, or aqueous 
 fluid precipitated from the atmosphere. 
 
 ROSIER, s. m.: a genus, in Botany,flosa 
 (Icosandria, polyyyn.), L., TO 'PaSav, die 
 Rose, der Rosen strauch, G., the Rose- 
 tree; constituting the type of the Rosacea, 
 and comprehending numerous species. Of 
 these, the following are medicinally em- 
 ployed : 1. le Rosier a cent feui/les, R. cen- 
 tifo'lia, die Centifolienrose, G.; 2. R. de 
 Provins, R. Gallica, die Provinzrose; 3. 
 I'Eylanl.ier sauvage, R. cunina, Hunds- 
 rose, seeCYNORRHODON ; and, 4. R. blanc, 
 R. alba, die weisse Rose, the flowers 
 of which are reputed laxative. FrenchanA 
 German Officin. Preparations : a Conserve, 
 Conserva Rosarum, Ph. Gall., Rosencon- 
 serve, G. ; a Honey, Mellitum de Rosis, 
 Rosenhonig;anOiflfrnen, Unguentum ro- 
 satum, Rosensalbe; a Vinegar, Acetum 
 rosatum, Rosenessig; and Water, Aqua 
 rosarum, Rosen wasser, impregnated,by 
 distillation, with the fragrant Essential Oil, 
 Oleum Rosarum, Rosenol. French: an 
 Oil medicated with Roses, Oleum Rosat- 
 um. German: aJulep,anA Tincture, Ros- 
 enjulep, und Sauerliche Rosen-tinctur. 
 
 ROTAOE, adj., rotaceus, L., radform- 
 ig, G., rotaceous: exhibiting the figure of 
 a wheel, rota, L.; as, in Botany, the wheel- 
 shaped corolla, radfdrmige Blumenkrone, 
 G., ofGentiana rotata, and nectary, Nec- 
 tarium rotatum, L., of Narcissus poeticus. 
 The Rotacets constitute an Order of Plants 
 in the Natural System of Linnaeus. 
 
 ROTACISJIE, S. m., o puraxifffio;, Rho- 
 
 tacismus, m. L., and G.: in the original 
 Greek, the strong or frequent enunciation 
 of the letter r : according to the French 
 Lexicographers, vicious enunciation of that 
 letter, see GRASSEYEMENT. 
 
 RoxATEURjS.m., rotator, m.L., Um- 
 dreher, m. G.: a term applied, in Anato- 
 my, to those muscles, umdrehcnde Musk- 
 eln, G., which are destined to accomplish 
 the rotation, ROTATION, s. f. F., and G., 
 rotatio, f. L., of the part, or organ, to 
 which they are attached. 
 
 ROTIFERE, adj., rotiferus, L., rotife- 
 rous, wheel-bearing: an epithet applied to 
 animalcula which are furnished with vibrat- 
 ile cilia disposed, in circles, in the vicinity 
 of the mouth, and exhibiting, when in ac- 
 tion, the appearance of wheels. The Roti- 
 /era.vel Rotatoria, ROTIFERES,OU ROTA- 
 TOIRES, s.f. pi., die 72arferthiere,G., con- 
 stitute the 1st Order of Class, Infusoria, of 
 the Regne Animal,ot' Cuvier;and 2nd Class 
 of the 2nd Sub-regnum, Nemaioneitra, of 
 modern British Zoologists. See, also, the 
 magnificent work, p. 384, of Ehrenberg, 
 Die InfusioHsthierchen, Fol. Leipzig, 1 838.
 
 RUB 
 
 ROTULE, s. f., rotula (literally, a^ little 
 ifheelj, patella, f. L., n iiriytvu'ris, ^1/A.jj, 
 die Kniescheibe, G., knee-pan : in Anat- 
 omy, the flat, thick, rounded bone, develop- 
 ed, from one point of ossification, in the 
 substance of the common tendon of the ex- 
 tensor muscles of the leg, anteriorly to the 
 knee-joint; and fixed to the anterior supe- 
 rior part of the tibia, by a continuation of 
 that tendon, named Ligamentum patellae, 
 L., Ligament rotulien,Y., das Knieschei- 
 benband, G. 
 
 ROTUNDIFOLIE, adj., rundblattrig, G., 
 round-leaved : bearing round leaves, ro- 
 tunda folia, L. ; as, in Botany, Cocculus ro- 
 tundifolius, and Malva rotundifolia. 
 
 ROUGE, adj., ruber, L., igvfyo;, roth, 
 G., red : an epithet applied, in Zoology, 
 and Botany, to animals, and plants, which, 
 as Trochilus rulineus, and Passiflora rubra, 
 exhibit : in Pathology, to diseases which, 
 as Scarlet fever, Fievre rouge, F., febris 
 rubra, L., das rothe Fieber,G., are cha- 
 racterized by a cutaneous efflorescence, of, 
 this colour. RouGEATRE,adj., rubescens, 
 L., rothlich, G., reddish, slightly red. 
 
 ROUGEOLE, s. f., rubeola, f., morbilli, 
 m. pi. L., die Masern, Rotheln, G., 
 measles : in Pathology, a disease, ot acute 
 and exanthematous character; apparently 
 unknown to the Ancients : the period of its 
 introduction into Europe undetermined. 
 Transmissible by infection; and rarely oc- 
 curring, a second time, in one subject. It 
 constitutes the 3rd genus of Order, Phleg- 
 maaics Cutane.es, of Pinel ; and has been dis- 
 tributed, by Willan, into three species, or 
 varieties : Rubeola vulgaris, sine Catar- 
 rho, et nigra. 
 
 ROUGEURS, s. f., pi.: the popular desig- 
 nation of slight cutaneous phlegmasice. 
 
 RouiLLE,s.f., rubigo,f. L.., derRost, 
 G., rust: in Chemistry, the reddish- 
 brown powder, which, scientifically designa- 
 ted carbonate of iron, braunrothes kohlen- 
 saures Eisenoxyd, G., is formed on the 
 surface of that metal, upon exposure to the 
 atmosphere: in Phytopathology, a disease 
 of plants ; characterized by the develop- 
 ment of yellow rust-like spots on the sur- 
 face of the leaf and stem ; and caused by a 
 parasitic fungus,of the Uredo genus. Rou- 
 ii. LK, adj., rubiginosus, lj., rostfarbig, 
 G., rusty, exhibiting the colour of rust ; 
 as, in Ornithology, Picus ritliyinosus. 
 
 RUBANS vocaux: a designation, by some 
 Anatomists, ofiheChordavocales, CORDE. 
 
 RUBEFIANT, adj., rubefaciens, L.,_ 
 rothmachend,G., rubefacient : an epithet, 
 in Therapeutics, designative of remedies, 
 medicamina rubefacientia,!^., rothmachen- 
 de Mittel, G.; which, when applied to the 
 skin, induce RUBEFACTION, s. f., rubefac- 
 tio, f. L., das Rothmachen, G., of that 
 membrane. 
 
 473 
 
 RUP 
 
 RUBIACE"ES, s. f., pi., Rubiacea, L., 
 die Labkrauter-Faxnilie, G.: in Botany, a 
 Family of dicotyledonous monopetalous 
 plants, with epigynous stamens : having, 
 for type, the genus, Rubia. 
 
 RUDERAL, adj., ruderarius,L. : belong- 
 ing to, or growing among, rubbish; as, in 
 Botany, Porophyllum rudcrale. 
 
 RUE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Ruta 
 (Dvcandria, monogyn.),Ij., die Raute,G., 
 the Rue ; constituting the type of the 
 Rutacece; atid comprizing many species. 
 Of these, the common rue, R. des jardins, 
 V-, R. graveolans, *> pury, die Garten- 
 raute, G., indigenous in South-Europe, of 
 powerful and unpleasant odour, and acrid 
 and bitter taste, yields an Essential Oil, ir- 
 ritating, carminative, and emmenagogue. 
 
 RUGINE, s. f., radula, f. L., Beinfeile, 
 f. G., rasp: an instrument employed, in 
 Surgery, for scraping the surface of bones, 
 and destroying superficial caries. 
 
 RUGOSITE, s. f., rugositas, f. L., die 
 Runzelige.G., rugosity : the condition of 
 a surface marked with irregular lines or 
 wrinkles, rugae,!;. RuouEux,adj., rugo- 
 sus, L., gerunzelt, runzelig,G., rugose, 
 wrinkled ; as, in Zoology, the testaceous co- 
 vering of Anatina rugosa: in Oryctology, 
 the costal plates of Cyathocrinitcs riiaosus : 
 in Botany, the leaf of Mari-ubium rugosum. 
 
 RUMINANT, adj., ruminans, L., ft*(>v- 
 xti&v, weiderkauend, G., ruminating : 
 an epithet applied to certain tetragastric a- 
 nlmals which exhibit the physiological phe- 
 nomenon of rumination, RUMINATION, s. 
 f., ruminatio, f. L., <5 ft^^uxifftos, das 
 Wiederkauen,G. : an act which consists in 
 bringing up from the first stomach, rum- 
 en. L., see PANSE, and subjecting to se- 
 cond mastication, the macerated aliment. 
 These animals, RuMiNANS,s.m.pl., Ru- 
 minantia, L., Wiederk'duendeThiere,G., 
 constitute the 8th Order ofMammifera, of 
 Cuvier; the 6th, Bisulca, as invariably 
 exhibiting a cloven hoof, see BISULQUE, 
 of Blumenbach ; and 5th, Pecora, of Lin- 
 naeus. Rumination, occurring as a mor- 
 bid phenomenon in Man, is le Merycisme, 
 of French pathological writers. 
 
 RUPESTHAL, RUPESTRE, adj.: growing 
 upon rocks, rupes, L.; as, in Botany ,My- 
 osotis rupestris. RUPICOLE, adj.: an epith- 
 et applied to animals; which, as Falco ru- 
 picolus, among Birds, and Anatina rupicola, 
 among the Testaceous Mollusca . and to 
 plants ; which, as Barbarea rupicola, fre- 
 quent, or grow upon, rocks. 
 
 RUPTILE, adj., ruptilis,L., berstend, 
 zerreissend, G. : an epithet applied, in Bo- 
 tany, to organs of plants; which, as theart/- 
 la of the Meliacece, the spatha of Narcissus 
 poeticus, and pericarp of divers seeds, exhi- 
 bit, in the progress of development, spon- 
 taneous rupture.
 
 RUT 
 
 RUPTURE, s. , ruptura,f. L.:inChir- 
 urgical Pathology, a term synon., 1 . with 
 LACERATION : Ruptura tendinis Achillis, 
 uteri, L., die Zerreissung der Achilles- 
 sehne, der Gebarmutter, G., laceration 
 of'the Achilles' tendon, of the womb : 2. 
 with hernia, HERNIE. See .Lawrence, 
 Treatise on Ruptures, 8vo, London, 1824. 
 
 RURICOLE, adj. : inhabiting the fields, or 
 open country, rura colons, L. 
 
 RUT, s. m., ardor venereus, L., see 
 
 (ESTROMANIE. 
 
 RUY 
 
 RUTACEES, s. f., pi., Rutaceee, L., die 
 Raulen-Familie, G. : in Botany, a Family 
 of dicotyledonous polypetalous plants,with 
 hypogynous stamens; having, for type,the 
 genus, Ruta, see RUE. 
 
 RurscmENNE Lame, ou Membrane: a 
 term applied, by the younger Ruysch, to 
 the internal lamina, membrana Ruyschia- 
 na, L., die innere Gefasshautlamelle,G., 
 of the choroid membrane of the eye ; in 
 honour of his father, who first described 
 the double structure of that tunic. 
 
 S. 
 
 SAC 
 
 SABIXE, s. f. : in Botany, a species of the 
 genus, Juniperus, see GENEVRIER. The 
 common Savin, J. sabina, der Sadebaum, 
 Sevenbaum, G., a native of South- and 
 East-Europe, is reputed to possess vermi- 
 fuge, emmenagoyue, and abortive properties. 
 A volatile Oil, Oleum Sabinae, L., Sade- 
 baumol,G., is obtained from its acrid and 
 strongly-scented leaves. TheGermans have 
 an Officinal Extract, and Tincture, Sade- 
 baumextract, und -tinctur, of the Savin. 
 
 SABOT, s. m., ungula, f. L., der Huf, 
 G., hoof: in Anatomy, the structure 
 which terminates, and protects, the phal- 
 angeal region of the foot of the Pachyder- 
 muttt,an(\Ruminantia, seeSoLiDUNGULfc, 
 et BISULQUE : in Conchology, a genus of 
 univalve Shells, Turbo, L., die Mond- 
 schnecke, Schraube,G., Wreath-shell; in- 
 habited by a Gasteropodous Molluscum; and 
 comprizing some edible species : in Botany, 
 a genus of Orchideous Plants, Cyripedium, 
 L., der Venus- oder Marienschuh, G., 
 the Ladies' Slipper. 
 
 SABURHAL, adj., saburralis, L.: denot- 
 ing the existence of foulness, SABURRE, 
 s. f., saburra, sordes, f. L., die Unrein- 
 igkeit, G. Langue saburrale, F., a loaded 
 tongue. Sordes primarum viarum, L., 
 die Unreinigk. in den ersten Wegen, G., 
 afoul condition of the primae vise. 
 
 SAC, s. m., o irxicxos, saccus, m. L, 
 Sack, G., and E. Sachemiaire,Y^ saccus 
 herniosus, L., der Bruchsac,G., herni- 
 al sack. lacrymal, see that article. SAC- 
 CIFORHE, adj., trax.xulrif, sacciformis,L., 
 sackformig, G., sacciform: exhibiting 
 the form, or structure, of a sack. 
 
 SACCHARiN,adj., saccharinuSjL., zuc- 
 kerig, G., saccharine : of the nature of 
 sugar, saccharum, L., see SUCRE. SAC- 
 CHARINITE, s. f., saccharinita, f. L.: a ge- 
 nus of vegetable principles ; comprehend- 
 ing mannite,anA the different species of su- 
 gar. SACCHAROLOGIE, s. f., Saccharolo- 
 a, (ffdx^a^av, sugar, Xayuy, a discourse), 
 ., Saccharology : a Treatise on Sugar; as 
 that published, by Sala, in 1637. 
 
 474 
 
 SAC 
 
 SACRE, adj., g, heilig, G., sacral : 
 an epithet designative, in Anatomy, of 
 parts, or organs, which belong to, or are 
 connected with, the Sacrum ; as, 1. the sa- 
 cra/ Arteries, Arttres sacrees,Y., ofwhich 
 are distinguished, a. the anterior or midille, 
 Art. s. anterieure ou moyenne ( me'diane 
 du sacrum, Ch.), arteria sacralis media,L., 
 mittlere .ffmMrschlagader.G., given off' 
 by the aorta, in front of the 4th lumbar ver- 
 tebra ; and, b. the two lateral, laterales, 
 seitliche JSTrmzschlagadern, branches of 
 the hypogastric or ileo-lumbar : 2. a trian- 
 gular Canal, C. sacre, der Kreuzbeinka- 
 nal ; which, traversing the sacrum, termi- 
 nates the vertebral canal : 3. two longitu- 
 dinal depressions, Gouttieres tacre.es, ex- 
 isting on the posterior surface of the bone: 
 4. a Plexus, P. sacre, ou sciatique (portion 
 sacree du plex. crural, Ch.), das Kreuzge- 
 flecht, formed, anteriorly to the Pyrifor- 
 mis muscle, by the first four of, 5. the sa- 
 cra/ Nerves, Nerfs sacres, die Kreuz- 
 nerven ; which, ordinarily six in number, 
 arise from the spinal cord, and traverse, 6. 
 the anterior and posterior orifices, Trous 
 sacres, antcrieurs et postcrieurs, die vord- 
 eren und liinterenKreuzbeinlocher, of the 
 SACRUM; to which, lastly, the term, sacral 
 bone, Os sacre, das heilige Bein, is oft- 
 en applied. Maladie sacree, morbus sa- 
 cer,lL.: in Pathology, a synonym of epilep- 
 sy, see EPILEPSIE. 
 
 SACRO-CoccYGiEN,adj., sacro-coccyge- 
 us, L., sacro-coccygeal : an epithet appli- 
 ed to the articulation, A. sacro-coccygienne, 
 F., which results from the union of the 
 sacrum and coccyx. 
 
 SACRO-EPINEUX, adj., sacro-spinosus, 
 L. : an epithet employed to designate two 
 ligaments of the pelvis: one, superior, liga- 
 mentum sacro-spinosum, vel spinososacrum, 
 superius, extending from the posterior su- 
 perior iliac spine to the sides of the poste- 
 rior surface of the sacrum ; the other, infe- 
 rior, 1. sacro-spinosum inferius, from the 
 posterior inferior iliac spine, to the poste- 
 rior part of the sacrum.
 
 SAC 
 
 SACRO-FEMORAL, adj., sacro-femoralis, 
 L.:an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to the 
 Glutens maximus muscle, see FESSIER; 
 from its attachments. SACRO-!LI-TROCH- 
 ANTERiEN,adj., sacro-ili-trochanterianus, 
 L. : by Dumas, to the Pyriformis muscle 
 of the thigh, see PYRAMIDAL. 
 
 SACRO-ILIA&UE, adj., sacro-iliacus, L., 
 sacro-iliac : an epithet applied to the ar- 
 ticulation, Articul. ou Symphi/se, sacro-ili- 
 aque,T?., die Kreuzdarmbeinfuge, G., 
 which exists between the sacral and iliac 
 bones ; and ihelif/aments, ligamenta sacro- 
 iliaca, L., die Kreuzdarmbeinba.nAer,G., 
 distinguished into an anterior and posterior, 
 whereby that articulation is secured. 
 
 SACRO-LOMBAIRE, s.m., and adj.: an e- 
 pithet designative, in Anatomy, of a long 
 muscle (Portion dorso-trache"lienne du m. 
 sacro-spinal, Ch.), Sacro-lumbalis, L., 
 Kreuzlendenmuskel, ausserer llikkgrats- 
 strecker,G.; which extends from theposte- 
 rior surface of sacrum and corresponding 
 portion of crista ilii, to the summit of the 
 transverse processes of the lumbar verte- 
 brae, the angle of the eleven inferior ribs, 
 and tuberosity of first rib,and the posterior 
 tubercle of the transverse processes of the 
 five inferior cervical vertebrae. 
 
 SACRo-SciATiQUE,adj., sacro-sciaticus, 
 L., sacro-sciatic : an epithet designative 
 of two pelvic ligaments, L. sacro-sciatiques, 
 F. : the greater or posterior, Ligamentum 
 sacro-tuberosum, vel sacro-ischiadicum, ma- 
 jus, L.; extending from the iliac crest, sa- 
 crum, and coccyx, to the tuber ischii: the 
 lesser, or anterior, L. sacro-spinosum, vel 
 sacro-ischiadicum.minvis; from the sacrum, 
 and coccyx, to the spina ischii. 
 
 SACRO-SPINAL, adj., sacro-spinalis, L.: 
 an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to the 
 Sacro-lumbalis, Longissimus dorsi, Trans- 
 versalis colli, Semi-spinalis dorsi, Multiti- 
 dus spinse, and Inter -transversales muscles, 
 taken collectively. 
 
 SACRO-TROCHANTERIEN, adj., sacro- 
 trochanterianus, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Pyriformis muscle, see 
 PYRAMIDAL ; as extending from the pel- 
 vic surface of the sacrum, to the trochanter 
 major femoris. 
 
 SACRO- VERTEBRAL, adj., sacro-verte- 
 bralis, li. : an epithet applied, 1 . to the art- 
 iculation, Art.sacro-vertel>rale,F., formed 
 by union of the sacrum with the last lum- 
 bar vertebra : 2. to the angle, or projection, 
 jingle, ouPromontoire, s.-vertebral, form- 
 ed, anteriorly, by those bones: and, 3. a li- 
 gament, l\ga.ment\imsacro-vertebrale,Ij., 
 by which that articulation is secured. 
 
 SACRUM, s. m. : a term borrowed from 
 the Latin, Saccr, and employed, in Anato- 
 my, to designate one of the pelvic bones, 
 Os sacral, 1 ., os sacrum, L., das Kreuz- 
 bein, G., /gv otrriav, of the Greeks , articu- 
 
 475 
 
 SA1 
 
 lated, above, with the last lumbar vertebra 
 laterally, with the ossa innominata; below 
 with the coccyx : and developed by thirty 
 or more points of ossification. According to 
 some writers, this bone has been termed 
 sacred,&s contributing to protect the organs 
 of generation : in others' opinion, der Ur- 
 sprung des Namens ist unbekannt, G. 
 
 SAFRAK, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Cro- 
 cus ( Triandria, monogyn. ; Irldece), L., der 
 Safran,die Safranpflanze,G., the Saffron. 
 The stigmata of the cultivated species, C. 
 sativus, der cultivirte Saffron, G., a xg- 
 xos, of the Greeks, are stimulant and arom- 
 atic ; and form the basis of divers Officinal 
 Preparations, French&no. German: & Syrup, 
 Syrupus de Croco,PA. Gall., Saffransy- 
 rup, G.; and Tincture, Tinctura de Stig- 
 matibus Croci, SafFrantinctur./ ; 're7icA: an 
 Electuary, Electuarium de Croco. Ger- 
 man: an Extract, Saffranextract.SAFRANE, 
 adj., croceus, L., safrangelb, G., saf- 
 fron-coloured. 
 
 SAGAPENUM,S.m., n. L., ro ffa.'ya.Tenvoi, 
 
 Sagapengummi,n.G.: in Pharmacy,a fetid 
 and antispasmodic gum-resin ; imported from 
 the East, and supposed to be the product 
 of Ferula persica. 
 
 SAGE-FEMME, s. f., ftaiivrgm, a mid- 
 wife, see ACCOUCHEUSE. 
 
 SAGITTAL, adj., sagittalis (sagilta, an 
 arrow), L.: an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 1. to a cranial suture, S. sagittate, F., der 
 Pfeiln&ih, G. ; which, as connecting the os- 
 sa parietalia, may, more correctly, be term- 
 ed parietal: 2. agroove, Gouttiere sagittale, 
 Sulcus longitudinalis cranii, L., which, 
 extending in a straight line, from the front- 
 al crista to the internal occipital tuberosi- 
 ty, lodges, 3. a venous sinus, S. sagittal, 
 the superior longitudinal, of British writers. 
 
 SAGiTTE,adj., sagittatus.L., pfeilfor- 
 mig, G., sagittate : exhibiting the figure 
 of an arrow-head ; as, in Botany, the anther 
 of Nerium oleander, and the leaf of Caltha 
 sagittala. SAGITTIFOLIE, adj., sagittifoli- 
 us, L. : producing arrow-shaped leaves ; as 
 Sagittaria sagittifolia, das P/d/kraut, G. 
 
 SAGOTT, s.m., die Sagokorner, Sagu, G., 
 sago: a nutritive fecula, obtained from the 
 pith of divers species of the Sago-palm, SA- 
 GOUTIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Sagus 
 (Monoecia, hexandr. ; Palm<e)J-i., der Sa- 
 gubaum, G. ; and, more especially, from 
 thatof S.farinifera, a native of Sumatra and 
 the Molucca islands. 
 
 SAiGNEE,s.f., missio sanguinis,L., das 
 Blutlassen, G., blood-letting : in Opera- 
 tive Surgery, the artificial abstraction from 
 the system, of a certain quantity of blood. 
 Practised on an artery, it is termed AHTE- 
 RIOTOMIE ; on a vein, PHLEBOTOMIE : on 
 the capillary vessels, by leech or scarificator, 
 S. locale, ou capillaire. SAIC; XEMENT, s. 
 m., sanguims effluxus, L.: a term, in its
 
 SAL 
 
 etymological signification,synon.with HE- 
 MORRHAGIE ; but ordinarily employed to 
 designate only bleeding from the nose, S. 
 du nez, see EPISTAXIS. 
 
 SAINDOUX, s.m., der Speck, G.; lard: 
 the vulgar designation of hog's-grease, 
 Graisse de Pore, das Schweinfett, G. 
 
 SAISON, s. f., tempestas, f. L., Jahr- 
 zeit, f. G., season : one of the four peri- 
 ods into which the year is divided, see 
 AUTOMNE, ETE, HIVER, PRINTEMPS. 
 Many diseases, as the vernal intermittent 
 and autumnal fevers, are so named, from 
 the period of the year at which they com- 
 monly prevail : and divers plants, as Cro- 
 cus vernalis, Leucojum astivum, Colch'wum 
 autumnale, and Helleborus hi/emalis, receive 
 their specific designation from the season 
 wherein they flower. 
 
 SALAMANDRIDES,S.m., et adj.pl., Sdld- 
 
 mandridee, L..: in Herpetology, a Family of 
 Caducibranchiate Amphibia ; having, for its 
 type, the genus, Salamandra. See Funk, De 
 Salamandree Terrestris Vita, Evolulione, etc. 
 Folio, Berolini, 1827. 
 
 SALANGANE, s. f. : in Ornithology, a spe- 
 cies of the genus, Hirundo, die Sinesische 
 Schwalbe, G., see ALCYON. 
 
 SALEP, s. m. : an amylaceous and high- 
 ly nutritive substance, obtained from the 
 bulb, die Salepwurzel, G., of divers Or- 
 chideous plants, more especially, the male 
 Orchis, O. mascula, das mannlicheKna- 
 benkraut, G. Salep constitutes, with the 
 people of Turkey, Syria, and Persia, a most 
 important article of diet. 
 
 SALIFIABLE, adj., salifiabilis, L. : sus- 
 ceptible of forming salts in combination 
 with another body, as with an acid. 
 
 SALIN, adj., salinus, L., aX^oj, x- 
 ftuu$vs, salzig, G., saline : an epithet 
 applied, in Geology, and Mineralogy, to 
 rocks, and other formations, which are 
 composed of, or largely impregnated with, 
 salt; and the waters of springs, die Salz- 
 quellen,G., which naturally hold in solu- 
 tion, various neutral salts : in Botany, to 
 plants which, as Cheiranthus salinus, grow 
 in sa/-marshes, or situations accessible by 
 the waters of the sea. SALINE, s. f., sa- 
 lina, f. Li., die Srttesiederei, G.: a pit in 
 which the waters of the sea, or of salt- 
 springs, Sources salees, F , dieSV/tebrun- 
 nen,G., are evaporated for the preparation 
 of hydrochlorate of soda. 
 
 SALIVAIRE, adj., salivaris, L., x<- 
 xos, zum Speichel gehorig, G., salivary : 
 pertaining to the saliva, see SALIVE ; as, 
 in Anatomy, the glands, Glandes salivaircs, 
 F., die Speichcldrusen, G., secretory or- 
 gans of the saliva; of which there are three 
 
 pairs, SeePAROTIDE.SoCS-MAXILLAIRE, 
 
 et SCBLINGCAL ; and the ducts, ductus 
 salivales, dietfj^'cAe/gange, wherebythe 
 fluid, so secreted, is conveyed into the buc- 
 
 476 
 
 SAN 
 
 cal cavity: in Surgery, -fistula, f. saliva l- 
 is, Li., die Speicheltistel, consequent on 
 the perforation of a salivary and most 
 commonly observed in the parotid duct. 
 
 SALIVANT, adj., salivans, see SIALO- 
 GOGUE. SALIVATION', s. f., salivatio, f. L., 
 die Salivirung, G., see PTVALISME. 
 
 SAUVE, s. f., saliva, f. L., TO ir/xv, a 
 ovaXaj, der Speichel, G., spittle: the flu- 
 id secreted by the salivary and, principal- 
 ly, by the parotid glands, for the purposes 
 of INSALIVATION. 
 
 SALPINGO-MALLISEX, adj., salpingo- 
 
 malleus,L.: a term applied, by some An- 
 atomists, to the Tensor tympani (Internus 
 mallei), muscle; as extending from the 
 trumpet, ffaKviyZ,, of the ear, to the mal- 
 leus. SALPINGO-PHARYNGIEN, adj., sal- 
 pingo-pharyngeus, L. : on like principle, 
 by Douglas and Valsalva, to a portion of 
 the Constrictor pharyngis superior. 
 
 SALPINGO-STAPHYLIN, adj., salpingo- 
 staphylinus, L.: a term applied, by Val- 
 salva and Santorini,to Levatorpalati, muscle 
 seePERisTAPHYLiN ; as extending from 
 the Eustachian trumpet to the uvula, the 
 PETHO-STAPHYLIN, of Chaussier; and S.- 
 staphylin interne, of Dumas. 
 
 SALSEPAREILLE, s. f. : a genus, in Bot- 
 any, Smilax ( Dioecia, hexandr. ; Smilacece), 
 Li. The root, radix Sarsaparilla, L.., 
 die Sarsaparillwurze\, G., of an American 
 species, le Sals, officinale, S. sarsaparilla, 
 die Sarsaparille, is medicinally employ- 
 ed, as alterative and sudorific. 
 
 SALSIFIS, s. m. : a popular designation of 
 Tragopogon porrifolium. 
 
 SALVATELLE,s.f., salvatella, f.G.: the 
 name of a vein situated on the dorsal re- 
 gion, near the ulnar border, of the human 
 hand. Commencing on the posterior sur- 
 face of the fingers.it ascends the ulnar edge 
 of the fore-arm; and there assumes the de- 
 signation of posterior cubital. Blood-let- 
 ting from this vein was supposed, by the 
 Ancients, to possess peculiar efficacy in hy- 
 pochondriacal affections : hence the term, 
 salvatella, safety-vein. 
 
 SAMARE, s. f., samara, f. L., die Flii- 
 gelfrucht, G.: in Botany, a coriaceous, 
 membranous, compressed, and indehiscent 
 capsule; containing few seeds, and fre- 
 quently winged on thesides, lePteride, of 
 Mirbel, Pteridion, of Desvaux. 
 
 SAMBUCINE, s. f., sambucina, f. L.: a 
 vegeto-animal matter, discovered in the flow- 
 ers of Sambucus nigra, see SUREAU. 
 
 SANG, s. m., sanguis, cruor, m. L.., TO 
 a</tK, das Blut,G., blood : the fluid con- 
 tained in the arteries and veins, hence 
 termed i/oorf-vessels, of the animal body: 
 red and warm in Mammifera, and Birds ; 
 red and cold, or little exceeding, in tempe- 
 rature, the surrounding atmosphere, in 
 Reptiles, Amphibia, Fishes, and the Anne-
 
 SAN 
 
 llda: cold, and nearly colourless, in all the 
 other Divisions of the Animal Kingdom. 
 
 SANG-DRAGON, s. m., sanguis draconis, 
 L., das DrachenblutjG., dragon's blood : 
 a solid and astringent compound of tannin 
 and of resin; furnished by divers exotic 
 plants, see DRAGONIER, et PTEROCARPE. 
 
 SANGLOT, s. in., das Schluckzen,G., 
 sob, sobbing: a convulsive emission of air 
 from the lungs; consequent on sudden and 
 spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm ; 
 and ordinarily indicative of deep moral or 
 physical suffering or emotion. 
 
 SANGSUE, s. f., Hirudo,velSanguisuga, 
 f. L., * /3$sXXa, der Blutegel, Blutigel, 
 G., Leech : a genus of the Abranchial 
 Order of Class, Annelida; constituting the 
 type of the HIRUDINEES, and containing 
 several species ; of which the officinal, S. 
 qfficinale, H.medinnalis, is almost exclu- 
 sively employed in Medicine. See Des- 
 rheims,Hisloire Naturelle etMed. des Sang- 
 sucs, 8vo, Paris, 1825; and Johnson, Trea- 
 tise on Medicinal Lcech,Qvo, London, 1816. 
 
 SANGUIFICATION^, f., S66 HEMATOSE. 
 
 SANGUIN, adj., sanguineus, L., ulfia- 
 nxos, aipctru^v; : relating to, or containing, 
 blood, sanguis; as, in Anatomy, a blood- ves- 
 sel, Vaisseausanguin,F., xif^arins^l^}', 
 l?/M<gefass,n.G.: sanguineous, sanguin- 
 isch, G. ; as, in Physiology, the temperament, 
 
 temperamentum sanguineum, L., so 
 
 named : blood-red, blutroth,G.; as,in Zo- 
 ology, Gorgonia sanguinea ; in Botany, H<E- 
 manthus sanguineus. 
 
 SANGUINOLENT, adj., sanguinolentus, 
 L., blutig,G.: mixed with, or exhibiting 
 thecolourof,6foorf; as,in Pathology, bloody 
 expectoration, Crachat sanguinolcnt, F. ; 
 and bloody urine, Ur. sanguinoleitte, das 
 blutige Harn, G. : in Zoology, the elytra of 
 Chrysomela sanguinolenta : in Botany, the 
 leafot'Lycopodium sanguinolentum, andpile- 
 us of Agaricus sanyuinolentiis. 
 
 SANIE, s. f., sanies, f. L., schlechter 
 fressender Eiter, G., an ill-conditioned 
 corrosive pus, see ICHOR. SANIEUX, adj., 
 saniosus, L., sanious : pertaining to, or 
 exhibiting the -character or, sanies. 
 
 SANITAIRE, adj. : having, for its object 
 the preservation of health, see SANTE; as 
 a sanatory police, P.sanitaire; or sanatory 
 establishment, Institution sanitaire. 
 
 SANS-PAIHE, s. f.: a term applied, by Gi- 
 rard, to the azygos or lumbo-thoracic vein. 
 
 SANTAL, s. in., santalum, n. L. : the 
 designation of three kinds of exotic wood. 
 Two of these, Sant. blanc, et citrin,Y., S. 
 album, et pallidum, L., slightly odorifer- 
 ous, the second, aromatic and bitter, are 
 the produce of the true Sandal- wood tree, 
 Santalum album vel verum, der Santil- 
 baum, G., a native of India, belonging to 
 the genus, SANTALIN, s. m., of Class, and 
 Order, Tvtrandria, monogynia, L. : and the 
 
 477 
 
 SAR 
 
 third, Sant, rouge, S. rubrum,Aense and 
 solid, of Pterocarpus santalinus. SANTA- 
 LINE, s. f., santalina, f. L. : the colouring 
 matter of the red Sandal-vrooA. 
 
 SANTfc, s. f., sanitas, f. L., h uytia, u- 
 yiua, die Gesundheit, G., health : that 
 condition of organized bodies, in which all 
 the functions, essential to the maintenance 
 of life, are performed with regularity. 
 
 SAPHENE, s. f., saphena, f. (<ra<pjj, clear, 
 manifest), L. : a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to two sub-cutaneous wins of the pelvic limb: 
 as, 1. lagrande Ve'me sapheneousaph. interne 
 ( tibio-malle'olaire, Ch.), vena saphena 
 major vel interna, L., grosse Ilosenader, 
 G. ; which, passing from the internal ancle 
 up the inner region of the thigh, pours its 
 blood into the crural vein : and, 2. la petite 
 ouexleme( peroneo-malleolaire,Ch.), v. 
 sffjoA.minorvelexterna, kleineRosenader; 
 which, commencing about the external an- 
 cle, terminates in the popliteal vein. 
 
 SAPIN, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Abies 
 ( Monoecia, monadelphia ; Coniferce), L., 
 the Fir ; containing several species, which 
 were formerly comprehended in the Pine 
 genus, see PIN. Of these, the A. taxifolia, 
 of Lamarck (Pinus picea, Linn.), is said to 
 yield the Strasburgh turpentine, see Tk- 
 HEBINTHINE ; A. picea (P. abies, Linn.), 
 the Burgundy pitch, see Poix ; and A. bal- 
 samca, the BAUME de Canada. SAPIN- 
 ETTE,S. f. : a species, also belonging to the 
 same genus, Abies Canadensis vel maria- 
 na, die nordamerikanische Fichte, of Ger- 
 man Botanists : employed, by the Canadi- 
 ans, in the composition of beer. Y"oung 
 shoots reputed antiscorbutic. 
 
 SAPONACE, adj., saponaceus, L., seif- 
 enartig, G., saponaceous: containing, or 
 exhibiting the characters of, soap. 
 
 SAPONAIRE, s. f.: a genus, in Botany, Sa- 
 ponaria (Decandria, digyn. ; Caryophytteai), 
 L., the Soapwort. The leaf of the common 
 
 species, <S". officinalis, das Seifenkraut, 
 
 G., foims, in water, a lather like that of 
 soap, hence the name ; and may be sub- 
 stituted for it, in the purification of linen. 
 Formerly much employed in thetreatment 
 of Scrofula, Syphilis, and Scabies. 
 
 SAPONIFICATION, s. f., das Seifenmach- 
 en,G.?: conversion intosoap, sapo,Ij.; the 
 process employed in the fabrication of soap. 
 
 SAPORIFI&UE, adj., saporificus, L., 
 schmackhaft, G., saporific : possessing, or 
 producing, savour, sapor, L. 
 
 SARCOCARPE, s. m., sarcocarpium, n. 
 
 (<ru$, rlesh, xugtfo;, fruit), L., das Frucht- 
 neisch, die Fleischhaut, G.: in Botany, the 
 part, mesocarpe, mesocarpium, n. L., 
 comprized between the two envelopes of a 
 fruit; when thick and fleshy,asintheapple. 
 
 SARCOCELE, s. f., fi ffagxoxfav, sarco- 
 cele, f. L., der Fleischbruch, G. : a term 
 literally signifying a swelling of thetestis;
 
 SAR 
 
 but employed, by pathological writers, to 
 designate scirrhus, or cancer, of that organ. 
 
 SARCOCOLLE,S. f., fi <rxoxoXXa, sarco- 
 colla,f.L., derFleischleim,G. flesh-glue: 
 a semi-transparent resin ; obtained from an 
 African shrub, SARCOCOLLIER, s. m., 
 Penaa sarcocolla ( Tetrandria, monoyyniaj ; 
 and consisting, principally, ofa peculiar sub- 
 stance, SARcocoLLiNE,s.f., sarcocollhia, 
 f. L. This resin was formerly employed, 
 as a plaster, for the agglutination of wounds : 
 hence its designation. 
 
 SARCODERME, s. m., sarcodermis (-a^|, 
 flesh, Ssua,skin), dasSarcoderm,die mitt- 
 lere Saamenhaut, G. : in Botany, the pa- 
 recAymo,enclosed bet ween the external co- 
 vering of the seed and the endopleura. 
 
 SARCo-EpiPLOCELE,s.f., sarcepiplocele, 
 f.,L., derNetzfleischbruch,G. : in Surgical 
 Pathology, omental hernia complicated with 
 sarcoma or sarcoce/e.SARCO-EpiPLOMPHALE, 
 s. m., sarcepiplomphalus, m. L., der 
 Fleischnetznabelbruch,G. : umbilical her- 
 nia formed by thickened or scirrhous omen- 
 turn. SARCO-HYDROCELE, s.f., Sarco-hy- 
 drocele, f. L., see HYDRO-SARCOCELE. 
 
 SARCOLOGIE, s. f., sarcologia, f. (<rj|, 
 flesh, xyj, a discourse), L., die Sarcolo- 
 gie, die Lehre von den weichen Theilen des 
 Korpers, G., a Treatise on the soft parts of 
 the animal body; comprehending Myology, 
 Angiology, Neurology, and Splanchnology. 
 
 SARCO MAT EU x,adj . , sarcomatodes, sar- 
 comatosus, L., fleischgewachsartig, G., 
 sarcomatous : pertaining to, or exhibiting 
 the characters of, SAHCOME, s. m., TO aa.%- 
 
 xupa, sarcoma, n. L., das Fleischge- 
 
 wachs.G., afleshy tumour orexcrescence. 
 
 SARCOMPHALE, s. m., TO iro.gjso^paXov, 
 sarcomphalum, n. Li., der Fleischaus- 
 wuchs, G., & fleshy tumour at the navel. 
 
 SARCOPHAGE, adj., trapxa/ftfyos, sarco- 
 phagus, L., fleischfressend, fleisch verzeh- 
 rend, G., sarcophagous, flesh-devouring, 
 flesh-destroying : an epithet, in Materia 
 Medica, synon. with CATHERETIQ.UE : in 
 Zoology, with CARNIVORE. SARCOPHA- 
 GIE, s. f., k ffapxoQa.'yia., sarcophagia, f. 
 L..J das Fleischr'ressen, G., sarcophagy: 
 the practice of feeding upon flesh ; the em- 
 ployment of a^esA-diet. 
 
 SARCOPTE, s. m., Sarcoptes, m. L. : a 
 genus of Articulated or Diplo-Neurose Ani- 
 mals, formerly arranged with Apterous In- 
 sects ; but belonging, in modern Systems, 
 to that Division of Class, Arachnida, which 
 is characterized by a tracheal respiration, 
 and to the Family of the Acari, Ac ARES. 
 The most interesting species of this genus 
 is S. Scabiei, die Kratzmilbe, G. 
 
 SARCOPYoiDE,adj., <ragxt>'jrui$}i{, sarco- 
 pyodes, L., sarco-purulent : an epithet 
 applied to expectorated matter, TO #Tv<rf*,a, 
 <raxe#uefiis, eiteriger Lungenauswurf mit 
 fleisch'dhnlichen Klumpchen, G., which 
 
 478 
 
 SAU 
 
 consists of an admixture of a flesh-like sub- 
 stance with pus. 
 
 SARCOSE, s. f., f> ffagx&nns, sarcosis, f. 
 L,., die Fleischbildung, G., formation of 
 flesh. SARCOSTOSE, s. f., sarcostosis, f. L., 
 die Fleisch- oder Muskelverknocherung, 
 G., conversion of the flesh, or muscular 
 structure, into lone : sometimes employed 
 as synon. with OSTKO-SARCOME. 
 
 SARCOTiauE, adj., f^xunxos, sarcoti- 
 cus, L/., fleischmachend, G., sarcotic : 
 synon. with INCARNATIF. 
 
 SA flDiNE, s. f. : a species of the genus, 
 Clupea, see CLUPEE. 
 
 SARDONiEN,SARDONiQDE,adj., seeRis. 
 
 SARiiENTAcfe,adj., sarmentaceus,L., 
 auslauferartig, G., sarmentaceous : an e- 
 pithet designative of plants, or stems of 
 plants, which, as Potentilla repfans, put out 
 runners, SARMENTS, s. m. pi., sarmenta, 
 flagella, viticulae, pi. L., die Auslaufer, 
 Ranken,G. SARMENTEUX, adj., sarmen- 
 tosus, L., rankig,rankentreibend, G. : an 
 epithet applied to plants, which, as Piper 
 sarmentosum, cling, with their long and flex- 
 ile branches, to other bodies, for support. 
 
 SARRETE, s. f. : in Pathology, the tris- 
 mus of new-born children. 
 
 SASSAFRAS, s. m. : in Botany, a species 
 belongingtogenus.LaMrws, seeLAURiER. 
 The wood, lignum sassafras, das Sassa- 
 /rasholZjG., ot'L.sassafras, derSassafras- 
 baum, is sudorific ; yields an Essential Oil, 
 Oleum Sassafras, Sassafrasol, G. ; and 
 constitutes thesubjectofa German Officinal 
 Extract, and Tincture, Sassafrasextract, 
 und Sassafras-tinctur. 
 
 SATURATION, s.f., saturatio, f. L., die 
 Sattigung,G.: inChemistry, that condition 
 ofa binary compound wherein theelements 
 are combined in such proportions as render 
 impracticable then-combination with an ad- 
 ditional quantity of either. SATURE, adj., 
 saturatus,L., gesattigt,G., saturated: 
 existing in the state of saturation. 
 
 SATYRIASIS, s. f.,F.,etL., <raTU/a<r/j, 
 die krankhafteGeilheit, mit anhaltenden 
 Erectionen, G. : Tendance continuelle au 
 co'it avec pouvoir de le re'ite'rer un grand 
 nombre de fois, F. Die Erectionen nicht, 
 wie bei Priapismus, schmerzhaft sind, G. 
 
 SAUGE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany. Salvia, 
 (Diandria, monogynia ; Labiate), L., the 
 Sage ; comprizing numerous species. Se- 
 veral of these, as S. officinalis, le S. offici- 
 nale, F., die oflicinelle oder gemeine Sal- 
 bey, G., possess stimulant and ton ic proper- 
 ties. S. de Jerusalem, see PULMONAIRE. 
 
 SAULE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Salix 
 (Dioecia, diandria ; Amentncece), L-, 'Iriit, 
 der "NVeidenbaum.G., the Willow. The 
 bark of one of the species, S. alba, le S. 
 blanc, F., die weisse Weide, G., bitter, 
 astringent, &ndfebrifuffe,has been sometimes 
 employed as a substitute for thatof Cinchona.
 
 SAX 
 
 SAUMON, s. m.: a genus of Osseous Fishes, 
 Salmo,L.., the Salmon; belonging to the 
 Order, Malacopterygii, Abdominales, Cuv.; 
 constitutingthetypeofthe5a/j0ra-Family, 
 SALMONIDES, SALMONOIDES, s. m. pi., 
 Salmonida, L. ; and comprehending many 
 edible species, and especially the common, 
 
 S. salar, le S. ordinaire, F-, der Lachs, 
 
 G., which supplies a delicate, but innu- 
 tritious and indigestible, aliment. 
 
 SAURIEN, adj., o-avjas/0%, saurian : re- 
 sembling, or pertaining to, a lizard, <rZ. 
 SAUKIENS,S. m.pl., Sauree,Sauri, L., die 
 Eidechsen, G.: in Herpetology, the second 
 Order of the Reptile-Class ; comprehending 
 the Lizards. SAUROGRAPHIE, s. f., Sauro- 
 graphia, f. (<ru, <y^atf>u, to describe), L., 
 Saurography, a descriptionof : SAUF.O- 
 LOGIE, s. f., saurologia, f. (same, and Xay?, 
 a discourse), L., Saurology, a Treatise on 
 the Saurian Reptiles. SAUROPHAGE, adj., 
 saurophagus (same, and <$a.yu, to devour), 
 L.., saurophagous : feeding on Lizards. 
 
 SAVEUH,S. f., sapor, m. L., a %up.os, 
 der Geschmack, G., savour : the impres- 
 sion produced, by sapid bodies, on the or- 
 gan of taste. 
 
 SAVON, s. m., a sa.'xiav, sapo, m. Li., 
 die Seife, G., soap : a saline product re- 
 sulting from the combination of a caustic 
 alcali with fatty substances. Of the medi- 
 cinal soap, S. medicinal, F., sapo medici- 
 nalis, L., medicinische Seife, G., a com- 
 pound of olive-oil and soda, the French,anA 
 Germans, have an Officinal Pill, Pilula de 
 Sapone, Ph. Gall., Seifenpillenmasse, G.; 
 and Plaster, Emplastrum saponaceum, 
 Seifenptiaster. French: an Opiate Liniment, 
 Linimentum Saponaceum Opiatum. Ger- 
 man : a Spirit, Seifenspiritus, S.-geist. 
 
 SAVONNIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Sapindus ( Octandria, trigynia), L., the 
 Soapberry ; constituting the type of the 
 Sapindacea, SAVONNIERS, s. m. pi. ; and 
 comprizingseveral species. Thefruit ofthe 
 common Soapberry, S. saponaria, die Sei- 
 fenbeere, G., a native ofthe Brazils and 
 West-India islands, is there employed as a 
 substitute for soap: hence thegenericname, 
 an abbreviation of Sapo Indicus. 
 
 SAVONULE, s. m., saponulus, m. L,. : a 
 compound of an essential oil with an acid 
 or alcali : hence the distinction of S. acide, 
 et alcalin, F. 
 
 SAXATILE, adj., saxatilis, L, : an epi- 
 thet designative, in Zoology, of birds which, 
 as Turdus saxatilis, build their nests in the 
 crevices of ; and Mollusca which, as 
 Turbo saxatilis, inhabit rocks, saxa, L. : 
 in Botany, ofplants which, as Iberis saxati- 
 lis, grow in rocky situations. 
 
 SAXIFRAGE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Saxifraga(Decandria,digyn.),Tj., derStein- 
 brech,G.; constituting the type ofthe SAX- 
 IFRAGEES, s. f. pi., Saxifrageas, L , die 
 
 479 
 
 SCA 
 
 Sicinbrech-F&milie, G., a Family of dico 
 tyledonous polypetalous plants, with peri- 
 gynous stamens; comprizing many species. 
 Of these, S. granulata, la S. granulee,F., 
 weisser Steinbr., G., a common European 
 plant, of acrid flavour, has been eulogized 
 as diuretic and lilhonlriptic. SAXIFRAGE, 
 adj., saxifragus, L., steinbrechend, G. : 
 synon. with LITHOXTRIPTIQUE. 
 
 SCABIEUSE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Scabiosa ( Tetrandria, monogyn. ; DipsaceaJ, 
 L.., die Skabiose, G.; containing numer- 
 ous species. Of these, the Devil's-bit.S'ea- 
 bious, S. succisa, la Sc. des hois, or Mors 
 du diable, F der Teufelsbiss, Abbiss, G.. 
 slightly astringentandi bitter, is employed 
 in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. 
 
 SCABIEUX, adj., see GALEUX. 
 
 SCALKNE, adj., ffxaXwos, scalenus, L., 
 ungleich dreiseitig ; G., irregularly tri- 
 angular : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, 
 to two muscles of the neck which exhibit 
 this figure ; as, 1. le Muscle scalene anteri- 
 eur, F., Scalenus anterior vel primus.Li., 
 vordererllippenhalter,G. ; extending, on 
 each side, from superior surface of first rib, 
 to transverse processes of 3rd, 4th, 5th and 
 6th cervical vertebrae: and, 2. le posterieur, 
 Sc- posterior, vel tertius, hinterer Ripp- 
 enh. ; from external surface of first two 
 ribs, to transverse processes of 5th and 
 6th cervical vertebrae. By some Anato- 
 mists, a middle scalenus, Scalenus medius 
 vel secundus, mittlerer Rippenhalter, 
 is described.as inserted, below, into the first 
 rib; above, into transverse processes of all 
 the cervical vertebrae. Chaussier, on the 
 contrary, regards the whole as one muscle; 
 which he designates, from its attachments, 
 
 CoSTO-TRACHfcLIEN. 
 
 SCAMMONEE,S. f., ro aKKfifiutui, scam- 
 monium, n. L das Skammonium, G., 
 scammony : in Materia Medica, a purga- 
 tive gum-resin, obtained, in the East, from 
 the roots of a Convolvulus, C. scammonia, 
 h ffx,u.pavi<z, die Skammonienwinde, Sy- 
 rische Winde, G., see LISERON. There 
 are two varieties of this substance, S. <f 
 Alep, et de Smyrne. S. de Montpellier, see 
 CYHANQ.UE. 
 
 ScAPHo'iDE,adj., ffxa<po<.i$>is, scaphoides, 
 L., kahnformig, G., scaphoid, resem- 
 bling a small skijf or boat, fx<iq>os, see 
 NAVICULAIRE : an epithet applied, in An- 
 atomy, 1. to two bones, Os scaphoides, ou 
 naviculaires, of the wrist, and instep: the 
 former, a., le Scaph. de la main, das kahn- 
 formige Bein der Handwurzel, G., con- 
 stituting the first bone of the first carpal 
 row, see CARPE; and the latter , b., le 
 Sc. du pied, occupying the internal part 
 ofthe tarsus, see TARSE ; and both de- 
 veloped by one point of ossification: and, 2. 
 a cavity, Enhancement scapho'ide, exist- 
 ing in the superior part of the internal
 
 SCA 
 
 wing of the pterygoid process of the sphe- 
 noid bone, and affording attachment toLe- 
 vator palati, muscle. 
 
 ScAPHOiDO-AsTRAGALiEN, adj., scaph- 
 oido-astragalianus, L.: an epithet applied 
 to the articulation, Art. scaphdido-astraga- 
 lienne, F., which results from the union 
 of os scaphoides tarsi, and astragalus ; and 
 the ligament, ligamentum scaphoido-as- 
 tragalianum, L., whereby that articulation 
 is secured. 
 
 ScAPHciDO-CuBOiDiEN,adj , scaphoido- 
 cuboideus, L. : an epithet applied to the 
 articulation, Art. scapho- cubo'idienne,F., 
 which results from the connection of the 
 scaphoid with the cuboid bone of the tarsus ; 
 and the two ligaments, dorsal, and plantar, 
 whereby that articulation is secured. 
 
 SCAPHOIDO-SUS-PHALANGIEN, adj., 
 
 scaphoido-suprk-phalanginianus, L. : an e- 
 pithet applied, by Dumas, to Abductor polli- 
 cis manus, muscle, Carpo-Sus-Phalangien 
 du pouce, ABDUCTEUR, of Chaussier. 
 
 SCAPULAIRE, s.m., scapulare, n., fascia 
 scapularisjf.l,., dasScapulier,die,.SWi/fer- 
 binde, G., scapulary : fasciae species quse 
 scapulis inhserens, aliis fasciis thoracis et 
 abdominis firmandis insevvit, L. 
 
 SCAPULAIHE, adj., scapularis, pertain- 
 ingtothe shoulder-blade, scpula,l, zum 
 Schulterblatt gehorig, G. : an epithet appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, 1. to an nponnuronis, Apo- 
 nevrose scapuhiire, which extendsfrom the 
 spine and vertebral border of the scapula, 
 toaridgeonthedorsum, interposed between 
 the Infra-spinatusanA Tens major, muscles : 
 2. Arterifs, arterise scapulares, L.. die 
 SchulterbliltschlagaAern, G. ; of which are 
 distinguished, a. the superior, Arlere scn- 
 pulaire superieure ( xcapularis superfici- 
 alis, Somm.), a branch of the subclavian or 
 inferior thyroideal ; b. the inferior, or com- 
 mon, in/erieure ou commune ( sous-scapu- 
 laire, Ch.), given off, by the axillary, behind 
 the brachial plexus ; and, c. the posterior, 
 postirieure, ou cervicale transverse, seeCER- 
 vico-ScAPULAiRE;and, 3 Veins, Veint-s 
 scapnlaircs,F., which exhibit the same dis- 
 position as the corresponding arteries. 
 
 ScAPULo-CoRACo-K,ADiAL,adj., scapu- 
 lo-coraco-radialis, L. : an epithet applied, 
 by Dumas, to Biceps flexor cubili, muscle. 
 
 ScAPULo-HuMERAL, adj., scapulo-hu- 
 meraliSjL.: an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 1. to the articulation, Art.scapulo-humerale, 
 F., resulting from the union of the scapu- 
 la and humerus : 2. to a muscle of the arm, 
 Teres major, see HOKD ; from its points 
 of attachment : and, 3. to the circumflex 
 arteries of the arm, arteriae scapulo-hume- 
 rales, supplied by the axillary, see CIR- 
 CONFLEXE, die umgebogenen Schulter- 
 schlagadern, of German Anatomists. 
 
 ScAPULO-HuMfeHO-OLECRAKIEN,adj., 
 
 scapulo-humero-olecranianus, L. : an epi- 
 480 
 
 SCI 
 
 thet, applied, by Chaussier, to Triceps bra- 
 chii, muscle; from its triple attachment. 
 SCAPULO-HYOIDIEN, scapulo-hyoideus : 
 SCAPULO-RADIAL, scapulo-radialis : re- 
 spectively, by the same, and on like princi- 
 ple, to the Omo-hyoideus, see OMOPLAT- 
 HYOI'DIEN ; and Biceps flexor cubili. 
 
 SCAPUI.UM. s. m., see OMOPLATE. 
 
 SCARIFICATEUR, s. m., scarificator, m. 
 (trx.u.^aop.a.i, to make a slight scratch), L., 
 der Scarificirer, G. : an instrument em- 
 ployed in the surgical operation of scarify- 
 ing, SCARIFICATION, s. f., scarificatio, f. 
 L., das Scarificiren, Schropfen, G. Sca- 
 rificalio gingivarum, L., scarification of 
 the gums. 
 
 SCARLATINE, s. f., scarlatina, f. L., 
 das Scharlachfieber, G., scarlet fever: in 
 Pathology, an exanthematous disease, of 
 highly infection! nature; principally cha- 
 racterized by the bright-red colour of the 
 cutaneous efflorescence ; and constituting 
 the 4th genus of the Order, Phlegmasies 
 Culantes, of Pinel. 
 
 SCELALGIE, S. f., SCelalgia, f. (ffxi^a;, 
 
 the thigh, Xyoj, pain), L., der Schenkel- 
 schmerz, G., pain in the thigh. SCELO- 
 TYIIBE, s. f., skelotyrbe, f. (name, and rv(>- 
 e, disorder), L., das Wanken der Schen- 
 kel, L., dragging of the lower limb in pro- 
 gression : also, a synonym of Chorea. 
 
 SCIATIQUE, adj., sciatic : an epithet 
 contracted from, and^synon. with,IscHiA- 
 TIQUE. Employed, indiscriminately, with 
 it, for the designation of a plexus which is 
 principally formed by the 4th and 5th lum- 
 bar, and 1st and 2nd sacral nerves : and 
 two nerves, AieHuflnerven,^., of which, 
 a. the greater, Grand Nerf sciatique ( 
 grand femoro-poplitd, Ch.), a continuation 
 of the sacral plexus, passes out from the 
 pelvis between the Pyriformis and Gemin- 
 us superior, muscles ; and, b. the lesser, 
 N. petit sciatique( petit FKMORO-POPLITE, 
 Ch.), formed by 2nd and 3rd sacral nerves, 
 issues from the lower part of the sciatic 
 plexus, and quits the pelvis below the Py- 
 riformis muscle. 
 
 SCIE, s. f., serra, f. L., o vgiav, die 
 Siige,G., saw: an instrument employed, 
 by Surgeons, in removal of part of a bone, 
 or certain exostoses. The crown of the 
 trephine is a circular saw. 
 
 SCIEHOPIE, s. f., scieropia, f. (ffxngo;, 
 shady, ^ t the eye), L., das Schatten- 
 schen, Dunkelsehen,G.: a defect of vision; 
 to the sufferer from which all objects as- 
 sume a colour darker than natural. 
 
 SCILLE, s. f.: a genus, in Botany, Scilla 
 (Hexandiia, monogyn.; Liliaceas ) , L/., die 
 Squille, G., the Squill. The bulbous root, 
 Meerzwiebelwurzel, G., of the Sea-squill, 
 Sc. maritime, F., S. maritima, fi crxiMa, 
 die Meerzwiebel, G., a native of South- 
 E^trope ^ is acrid, irritating, diuretic, and ex-
 
 SCL 
 
 ycctorant. French and German Officin.Pre~ 
 parations: a Vinegar, Acetum Scilliticum, 
 Ph.Gall., Meerzwiebelessig, G. ; an Oxy- 
 mel, Oxym. Scilliticum, Meerzwiebel- 
 sauerhonfg ; and a Wine, Vinum Scilliti- 
 cum, Meerzwiebelwein. French :affoney, 
 Mellitum de Scilla. German: an Extract, 
 Tincture, Ointment,andCompound Powder, 
 Meerzwiebelextract, -tinctur, -salbe, und 
 Zusammengesetztes -Pulver. By modern 
 British Botanists, the Squill has been trans- 
 ferred to the genus, Ornithogalum, under 
 the designation of O. squilla. SCILLITINE, 
 s. f., scillitina, f. L.., die Skillitine, der 
 MeerzwiebelstofF, G. : an acrid and vola- 
 tile principle existing in the bulb of Scilla 
 maritima. SciM,iTiQUE,adj., scilliticus, 
 L., der Meerzwiebel gehorig, G.: belong- 
 ing to, or containing, the squill. 
 
 SCIRRHE. See SQUIRBHE. SCIRRHO- 
 CELE, s. f., scirrhocele, f. L.: a term liter- 
 ally signifying scirrhous tumour ; but em- 
 ployed, in Pathology, to designate scirrhus 
 of the testis. 
 
 SCIRRHOPHTHALMIE, S. f., SCirrhopll- 
 
 thalmia, f. (ffKippo;, indurated, o$a^p.o;, the 
 eye), scirrhus oculi, L., der Augenkrebs, 
 G., scirrhus, or cancer, of the eye. S. 
 palpebrarum, scirrhoblepharoncus, m. L., 
 eine skirrhose Verhartung der Augenlied- 
 cr,G., scirrhous induration of the eye-lids. 
 
 SCIRRHOSE, s. f., scirrhosis, f. L. : ac- 
 cording to iheFrench Lexicographers, a liv- 
 id tumour, resulting from intense and pro- 
 tracted inflammation : to the German, the 
 formation, die Scirrhusbildung, G., of a 
 scirrhous or cancerous induration, TO <rx!p- 
 pafta, scirrhoma, n. L., eine skirrhose 
 oder krebsartige Verhartung, G. 
 
 SCISSURE, s. f., fissura,f. L., Spalte,f. 
 G.: a term, in Anatomy, syn.with FENTE, 
 and FISSURE. Sc. de Sylvius, -fissura Syl- 
 vii, .see INTERLOBULAIRE. dufoie, 
 fossa transversa, vel porta, hepatis, L., 
 die grosse Leberspa/te, G. du rein, de 
 la rate, hilus renis, et splenis, L,.: the 
 notch, or depression, existing in the kidney, 
 and spleen, for the entrance, and exit, of 
 their respective blood-vessels. 
 
 SCLERANTHE, s. m., scleranthum, n. 
 (a-xXjf,hard,av^f, aflower),L., dieKnor- 
 
 gelfrucht: bei neueren Botanikern, ein 
 aame mit dem Grunde des verharteten 
 Kelchs verwachsen, G., according to mo- 
 dern Botanists, a seed united with the base 
 of the indurated calyx ; as in Miralilis. 
 
 SCLEREME, s. m., sclerema, n. (an\n^, 
 hard),induratio telse cellulosse neonatorum, 
 L., die Verhartung des Zellgewebes bei 
 Neugebornen,G., seeEunuRcissEMENT, 
 of Chaussier, ScLERfcMiE,s.f., ofla.ZVb- 
 sologie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 SCXERIASE, s. f., n /rx^vgiaffi;, scleri- 
 asis, f. L.: a term literally signifying the 
 act of becoming hard, or state of induration ; 
 
 481 
 
 SCO 
 
 but ordinarily employed, by Pathologists, 
 to designate induralionof the borders of the 
 palpebrce, and of the female labia pudendi. 
 Synon. with SCXEROME. 
 
 ScLEROPHTHALJIIE, S. f., v ax,\noo^6a.)^. 
 
 fiia, sclerophthalmia, f. 1,.: according to 
 some Lexicographers, inflammation of the 
 eye, with thickening of the palpebrse, die 
 Augenentziindung, mit schwielichter Auf- 
 treibung an den Augenliedern, G. : to o- 
 thers, minute red and indurated tumours, 
 developed on the border of these organs. 
 
 SCLEROSARCOME, s. m., sclerosarcoma, 
 n.(<rxX?joVaxaj,with indurated flesh),L.: an 
 indurated sarcoma, hartes festes Fleisch- 
 gewachs,G., ofthefigureofacock's-comb, 
 attached to the gum. 
 
 SCLEROSE. See SCLERIASE. 
 SCLEROTIQUE, S. f., <rxXga [iriviyZ,, 
 
 sclerotica tunica vel membrana, L., die 
 fesle Augenhaut,G. : in Anatomy, the dense, 
 opaque, and fibrous membrane, cornea o- 
 paca oculi, L., which invests four-fifths, 
 posteriorly, of the eye-ball. It is strength- 
 ened by an expansion of the tendons of the 
 muscles of the eye, sometimes termed tu- 
 nica albuginea ; is perforated, behind, by 
 the optic nerve ; and exhibits, encased in 
 its anterior portion, the transparent cor- 
 nea, seeCoRNEE. Single in the adult, but 
 separable, in fcetal age, into two distinct 
 laminae. SCT.EROTIQUE, adj., scleroticus, 
 L.., sclerotic : capable of augmenting the 
 density of the animal tissues : r trx^tigwri- 
 K.O., remedia exsiccantia, L., dieausfrocfc- 
 nenden Mittel, G., indurating remedies. 
 
 SCLERYSME,S. m., TO ffx^n^vfff^a,, Scle- 
 
 rysma.n. L.: a term literally signifying in- 
 duration; but employed, by Pathologists, 
 to designate scirrhus of the liver. 
 
 ScoBiFORME,adj., scobiformis, L., sa- 
 gespanartig,G., scobiform : resembling, in 
 appearance, saw-dust, scobs,L,.: as, in Bo- 
 tany, the minute seeds of the Orchidece. 
 
 SCOLIOSE, s. f., ffxoKiuo-is, scoliosis,f. 
 L.: latei-al curvature of the vertebral co- 
 lumn, die Verkriimmung des Riickgrats 
 nach einer Seite, G. 
 
 SCOLOPENDRE, s. f. : in Zoology, a genus, 
 Scolopendra,!.!., fi 'SxaXo-ri^a, der Skolo- 
 pender,G.; belonging to Class Myriapoda; 
 and constituting the type of the SCOLO- 
 PENDRiDES,s.m., pi., Scolopendrid<B,L,., 
 or tfcofopenf/ra-Family. Some of the larger 
 species, as S. morsitans, a native of tropical 
 regions, and of Spain, inflict a dangerous 
 wound. Others, as S. phosphorea, and elec- 
 Irica, der Glanzassel, Feurassel, G., are 
 remarkable for their phosphorescent and 
 electric properties: in Botany.a species be- 
 longing to the genus, Asplenium, see As- 
 PLEXIOK. A. scolopendrium, la Langue de 
 cerf, F., die Hirschzunge, G., common 
 Hart's-tongue, Scolopendrium rulgare, of 
 British Botanists ; astringent. 
 
 2 I
 
 SCR 
 
 SCOMBRE, s. m. : a genus of OsseousFish- 
 es, Scomber,!.,., a 2xop.go OS , belonging to 
 Order Acanthoplerygii, and constituting the 
 type of the Mackarel-Yamily, SCOMBER- 
 IDES, s. ra. pi, ScomberidtB, I,., die Ma- 
 Arefe-Familie, G. Several of the species,all 
 inhabitants of ocean, and, more especially, 
 the common Mackarel, S.scombrus, \eMa- 
 quereau, F., die Makrele, G., supply 
 man with delicious food. The celebrated 
 Dory,or Doree, Zeusfaber, der Sonnen- 
 fisch, G., is a member of the Family. 
 
 SCORACRASIE, s. f., scoracrasia vel sco- 
 racratia, f. (axa^, trxxro;, excrement, UX.OK- 
 ffia,, axqania, weakness, want of self-com- 
 mand),!^, dasUnvermogen den Koth ge- 
 horig aufzuhalten, G., incontinency of the 
 feces : by Kraus, written Scatacratia. 
 
 SCORBUT, s. m., scorbutus, f. L.., der 
 Scorbut, Scharbock, G., Scurvy : in Pa- 
 thology, a disease characterized by gener- 
 al debility, livid ecchymoses, tumefaction 
 of the gums, with haemorrhage from them 
 and various other parts of the body. Scor- 
 butus constitutes a genus in first Order of 
 Fifth Class of Diseases, entitled LesionsOr- 
 ganiques, in the Nosogruphie Philosophiquc, 
 of Pinel. SCORBUTIQUE, adj., scorbuti- 
 cus, Li., scorbutisch, G., scorbutic: suf- 
 fering from, or connected with, scurvy. 
 
 SCORDIUM, s. m. : in Botany, a species 
 belonging to genus, Teucrium, see GER- 
 MANDREE. T. scordium, TO <rxe$iv, G. 
 tfeau, F., der "Wasserlauch, G., a com- 
 mon European plant ; stimulant and ionic. 
 
 SCORIE, s. f., vi ffxta^'tce., scoria, f. L., 
 die Schlacke,G.: the dross of metals which 
 have been purified by fusion. SCORIACE, 
 adj., ffxwaioii&ri!, scoriaceus,L., schlack- 
 ig, G.: exhibiting characters of scoria ; as 
 the scoriaceous lava, ejected from volcanos. 
 SCORPION, s. m.: in Zoology, a genus of 
 Articulated Animals, Scorpio, Ij., o 2xj- 
 vr!as, der Skorpion.G., belonging to Sub- 
 class, Pulmonaria, of Class, Arachnida; and 
 constituting the type of the Scorpion-Fa- 
 mily, SCORPIONIDES, s. m. pi., Scorpion- 
 id&, L. Scorpions, of which the European 
 species, S. europaus, europaischer Skor- 
 pion, presents a familiar example, are 
 armed with a caudal sting, capable of in- 
 flicting, by its contained venomous fluid, a 
 severe and sometimes fatal wound. That 
 once celebrated remedy, the Oil of Scorpi- 
 ons, das Skorpionol, G., has long since 
 fallen into merited neglect. 
 
 SCOTODYNIE, s.f, scotodynia, .(<rxoros, 
 darkness, S/Vay, vertigo), v. tenebricosa, L., 
 der Glatzschwindel, G.: vertigo, with ob- 
 scurity of vision, the consequence of cere- 
 bral congestion. 
 
 SCROBICDLE du Coiur, s. m., see ANTI- 
 CARD E : the depression exhibited by the an- 
 terior paries of the abdomen, immediately 
 below the xyphoid cartilage. SCROBICULE, 
 
 482 
 
 SEB 
 
 adj ., gr ubi g, vol lgrubig,G., scrobicu lat- 
 ed : exhibiting minute depressions ; as, in 
 Zoology, the elytron of Brachycerus scrobi- 
 culatus, and surface of Spongia scrobiculata : 
 in Botany, the leaf of Convolculus scrobi- 
 culatits, and the nut of Amyt/dalus pcrsica. 
 
 SCHOFULAIRE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Scrophularia ( Didynamia, angiosperm. ), L., 
 die Braunwurz,G., the Figwort ; con- 
 stituting the type of the Scrophularinea:, L., 
 SCROPHULARINEES, s. f., pi., dieSraun- 
 wurzptianzen, G. Two of the many spe- 
 cies which it contains, 5. aquatica, et no- 
 dosa, die Wasser-, und die knotige oder 
 gemeine Braunwurz, G., are reputed an- 
 ti-scrofulous and tonic. The latter, from an 
 imaginary resemblance of the roots to scro- 
 fulous swellings, was once held in peculiar 
 estimation for the cure of scrofula. Hence, 
 the designation of the genus. 
 
 SCROFULES, SCROPHULES, S. f., pi.: 3 
 
 term applied, in Pathology, to a tubercul- 
 ar degeneration of the superficial lympha- 
 tic, and, more especially, of the cervical, 
 glands. Scrophula,L,., die Scrophel, Scro- 
 phelkrankheit, Scrophelsucht, G., consti- 
 tutes a genus in the Class of General Org- 
 anic Lesions, in the Nosographie Philoso- 
 phiquc, of Pinel ; and, probably, takes its de- 
 signation from scrofa, the hog, an animal 
 supposed to be the subject of a similar mor- 
 bid affection. S. mtsenterique, F., scroph. 
 mesenterica, L., seeCARREAu. SCROFU- 
 LEUX, adj., scrophulosus, L. : suffering 
 from, orconnected w\th,scrophula; asascro- 
 fulous subject, Indiuidu scrophuleux, F.; a 
 scrofulous habit, scrophulose Anlage, G. 
 
 SCROTOCELE, s. f. : an hybrid and barba- 
 rous synonym of OSCHEOCELE ; compound- 
 ed of the Latin, scrotum, and Greek, xfan. 
 
 SCROTUM, s. m., n. L., ro off%sov, der 
 Hodensack, G.: the cutaneous envelope 
 of the testes. See DARTOS, et RAPHE. 
 
 SCRUPULE, s. m., scrupulus, m. L., 
 der Scrupel,G., scruple : a French weight, 
 of twenty-four grains, the third part of 
 the drachm, see GROS. 
 
 SCUTIFORME, adj., scutiformis, L., 
 schildfb'rmig, G., scutiform: exhibiting 
 the figure of a shield, scutum, L., Schild, 
 G.: an epithet sometimes applied, in Ana- 
 tomy, to the thyroid cartilage, and patella, 
 seeTHYROiDE.etRoTULE :in Zoology, the 
 shield-like corselet of Galerites scutiformis. 
 
 SCYBAI.ES, s. f. pi., scybala, n. L., ra. 
 irxvSa^x, verhartete Kothballen, G.: ex- 
 crementa alvina cellulis intestini coli in 
 globulos formata, velut ab ovibus aut ca- 
 pris excernuntur, L. 
 
 SEBACE, adj., sebaceus,L., sebaceous : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to minute 
 glandular bodies, Glandes scbacees,follicules 
 , cryptes sebaces, F., glandulae sebaceee, 
 L., die Tafydriisen, G.; which, imbedded 
 in the substance of the skin, pour out, for
 
 SEL 
 
 the lubrification of the surface, a fatty unc- 
 tuous fluid, Matters sebacee, F., resem- 
 bling suet, sebum, L., see SUIF. 
 
 SEBATE, s. m., sebas, n. L. : in Chem- 
 istry, a genus of salts, resulting from the 
 combination of anacid, Acide sebacique,F., 
 die Felts&ure, G., a product of the de- 
 composition of fatty substances by heat,in 
 closed vessels, with salifiable bases. 
 
 SECHE, s. f. : a genus, in Malacology, Sc- 
 pia, L.; belonging to Order, Dibranchiata, 
 and Sub-Order, Decapoda, of the Class of 
 CephalopodMollusca ; constituting the type 
 of the Sepiada, SEPIAIRES, s. f. pi. ; and 
 comprehending several exclusively marine 
 species. Their flesh, sometimes employed 
 as an article of human sustenance, is ill-fla- 
 voured, and indigestible. The light and 
 fragile bone, imbedded in the dorsal por- 
 tion of the mantle of the cuttle-fish, S. of- 
 ficinalis, 'n <TT/, der Kuttelfisch, G., 
 is pharmaceutically used as an absorbent 
 and dentifrice ; and the black fluid, which 
 serves as a protection in time of danger, in 
 the composition of Indian ink. 
 
 SECONDINES, s. f., pi., see ARRIERE- 
 FAIX. 
 
 SECRETEUR, SECRETOIRE, adj., secre- 
 tory : an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to 
 those organs, les Organes secreteurs, F., 
 which, as the secretory vessels, vasa secer- 
 nentia, L., die absondernden Gefasse, G., 
 are destined to accomplish the work of 
 secretion, SECRETION, s. f., secretio, f. L,., 
 die Absonderung, G.: that process by 
 which certain glands separate from the 
 blood the materials for a fluid, as the urine 
 and saliva, of new formation. 
 
 SEDATIF, adj. Synon. with CALMANT. 
 
 SEDIMENT, s. m., sedimentum, n. L,., 
 fi v-roffTuo'is : in Chemistry, the deposit, 
 resulting from precipitation of any sub- 
 stance held in solution by, or merely sus- 
 pended in, a fluid. S. de rurine, F., sedi- 
 mentum urinse, L,., see HYPOSTASE. 
 
 SEIGLE, s. no.: a genus, in Botany, Se- 
 cale (Triandria, digyn.; Graminece), lj., 
 der Roggen, G., the Rye. The seeds of 
 the common species, S. cereale, Seig. cul- 
 tive, F., are classed among the cereal 
 grains ; and supply a farina which may be 
 used as a substitute for that of wheat. 
 
 SEIN, s. m., sinus, m. L. : a popular de- 
 signation, 1. of the female bosom, see 
 MAMELLE ; and, 2. of the female organ of 
 reproduction, see MATRICE. 
 
 SEL, s. m., sal, m. L., AS, der 
 Salz,G-, salt: in Chemistry, a compound, 
 resulting from the combination of one or 
 more acids with one or more of those sub- 
 stances termed salifiable bases. 
 
 SELENIATE, s. m., selenias, n. L. : in 
 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, selensaure 
 
 Salze,G., resulting from the combination 
 
 of selcnic acid with salifiable bases. This 
 
 483 
 
 SEM 
 
 acid, Acide selenique, F., die Sclen&aure, 
 G., is the product of the action of nitric 
 acid on, SELE'NIUM, s.m., selenium,n.L. : 
 a metal, discovered, by Berzelius, in 1817- 
 
 SELENITEUX, adj., seleniticus,L., se- 
 lenitic : an epithet applied to waterswliich 
 hold in solution, SELENITE, s. f., o <rsxv/- 
 TS, selenites, f. L., der Selenit, Gyps- 
 selenit, G., a variety of sulphate of lime. 
 
 SELENOGAMIE, s. f., selenogamia, f. (<ri- 
 x'v>?, the moon, yapo;, marriage). L., die 
 Mondsucht, G. : an absurd synonym of 
 Somnambulism ; derived from a popular pre- 
 judice respectingthewioon's influence on the 
 subjects of this extraordinary affection. 
 
 SELLE,s.f., sella, f. L^rAer Sattel,G., 
 a saddle. Set. turcioue, sella equina vel 
 turcica, ephippium, n.L..: in Anatomy, an 
 excavation on the superior surface of the 
 sphenoid bone, lodging the pituitary gland, 
 seeCLiNoiDE, et PITUITAIRE. 
 
 SEMEIOLOGIE, SEMEIOTIQUE, s. f., * 
 irfifj.iTaXo'yix ?, n fffif^iiuTixrtiri-i^vri), semeiol- 
 ogia, semeiotica, f. L., die Zeichenlehre, 
 Semiotik.G., Semeiology,Semeiotics:that 
 branch of Pathology which involvesaknow- 
 ledgeofthe symptoms of diseases. SEJIEI- 
 osE,s.f., fi ffvptiuiri;, semeiosis, f. JL. : the 
 act of observing signs and phenomena. 
 
 SEJIEN-CONTHA, s.m., n. L., Wurm- 
 samen.G.: the pharmaceutical designation 
 of the aromatic, acrid, and anthelminthic 
 seeds of divers species of Artemisia, see 
 ARMOISE, especially A. judaica, et santo- 
 nica, VArm. de Judee, et santoniqne ou Se- 
 mencine, F., der Wermulhaus Judaa,und 
 heilige Beyfuss, G. 
 
 SEMENCE, s. f., semen, n. L., der Sa- 
 men,m.G., seed : the popular synonym of 
 GRAINE, and SPERME. 
 
 SEMI-FLOSCULEUX, adj., semi-floscul- 
 ous : an epithet applied, in Botany, to a 
 flower, flos semi-Jlosculosus, L., eine ge- 
 schweiste Blume, G.: when, as in Lactuca, 
 and Leontodon, it consists merely of a ligu- 
 late corolla. 
 
 SEMI-LUNAIHE, adj., semi-lunaris, L., 
 halbmondformig, G., semi-lunar : ex- 
 hibiting the figure of a half-moon ; as, 1. a 
 bone of the carpus, Os semi-lunaire, F., 
 das Mondbein, see CARPE : 2. the twojtf- 
 bro-cartilages, F.semi-lunaires, fibro-car- 
 tilagines falcifbrmes vel semilunares, L., 
 interposed, in the knee-joint, between the 
 condyles of the femur and articular sur- 
 faces of the tibia : 3. certain valves of the 
 heart, halbmondformiye Klappen, more 
 commonly termed the siomoid, see SIG- 
 MOI'DE ; and, 4. Ganglia, Ganglions t,emi- 
 lunaires ou solaires (G. surre'naux, Ch.), F., 
 g. splanchnica, solaria abdominalia, L., 
 die halbmondformigen Knoten,G., formed 
 by the trisplanchnic nerve ; and situated 
 deeply in the abdomen, above and behind 
 the renal capsules. 
 
 212
 
 SEP 
 
 SEMINAL, adj., seminalis,L., zu dem 
 Samen gehb'rig, G. : belonging to, or con- 
 taining, seed or sperm, see SEMENCE ; as, 
 in Botany, the seminal leaves, Feuilles se- 
 minales, F., die Same/iblatter, G., of 
 plants : in Anatomy, the reservoirs, vesi- 
 culae seminales, L., die jSamewblaschen, 
 of the animal semen. 
 
 SEMINATION, s. f., seminatio, f. L., 
 die Besamung, Besaung.G. : the dispersion 
 of the seeds of plants. 
 
 SEMINIFERE, adj., seminiferus, L., 
 seminiferous : an epithet applied to those 
 vessels of tiietestis, ilie samentragendenGe- 
 fasse, G., vasa seminifera, L., which se- 
 crete, and convey, the seminal fluid. 
 
 SENE, s. m., Senna, f. L., and G.: the 
 pharmaceutical designation of the purga- 
 tive leaves, die Stennesblatter, G., of di- 
 vers plants of the Colutea, and Cassia, ge- 
 nus, see BAGUENAUDIER, et CASSE. 
 
 SENILE, adj., senilis, L., zu dem ho- 
 Jien Alter gehbrig,G., belonging (or pecu- 
 liar) to old age ; as Prurigo senilis, Willan. 
 
 SENS, s. m., sensus, m. L., fi aur^a-i;, 
 der Sinn,G., sense: the faculty where- 
 by animals receive the impression of the 
 qualities of bodies which surround them. 
 
 SENSATION, s. f., sensatio, f. L., die 
 Empfindung, G.: the impression made, by 
 external objects, upon the organs of the 
 senses ; and, from them, transmitted to the 
 brain or other nervous centre. 
 
 SENSIBILITE, s.f., sensibilitas, f. L., 
 die Euipfindlichkeit, G., sensibility : the 
 susceptibility of sensation, the faculty of re- 
 ceiving impressions. Bichat has, with ques- 
 tionable propriety, distinguished sensibility 
 into animal and organic: the former, pecu- 
 liar to animals ; the latter, common to an- 
 imals and plants. SENSIBLE, adj., sensi- 
 bilis, L., aifffanxos, empfindlich, G., 
 endowed with sensibility; aitrfaros, merk- 
 lich, merkbar, capable of making an im- 
 pression on the senses. 
 
 SENSORIUM, s. m., n. L, ro aurfnrfyi- 
 v, das Sensorium, das Organ des Sinnes, 
 der Empfindungssitz.G., the organ of the 
 senses, the common seat, or centre, of the 
 sensations. 
 
 SEPALE, s. m., sepalum, n. L., das 
 Kelchblatt,G., sepal or calyx-leaf: an e- 
 pithet employed, in Botany, to designate 
 each of the articulated leaflets which con- 
 stitute a calyx, of several completely sepa- 
 rate divisions. 
 
 SEPTANE, adj.: an epithet applied, in 
 Pathology, to fever, febris septana, L., 
 das siebent'dgige Fieber, G., which recurs 
 every seventh day* SEPTENAIRE, s. m. (sep- 
 tenarius, L., seven in number), the space 
 of seven days. 
 
 SEPTENTRIONAL,adj., fyxrixo;, nord- 
 
 lich,G., northern: inhabiting, or growing 
 in, the north, SEPTENTRioN,s.m., a fyx- 
 
 484 
 
 SEE 
 
 <ra;, der Nord, G.; as, in Ornithology, a 
 species of diver, Colymbus septentrionalis ; 
 in Botany, Androsace septentrionalis, der 
 mitternachtliche Mannschild, G. 
 
 SEPTICIDE, s. tti., septicidus, m. L. : in 
 Botany, a pericarp, opening, as in the Col- 
 chica, by sutures which correspond to the 
 septa. SEPTii''ERE,adj., septifer,L., sep- 
 tiferous : an epithet designative ofacol'am- 
 el, COLTJMELLE, to which the septa re- 
 main attachedafter separation of the valves. 
 
 SEPTiQUE,adj., ffnvrixiis, septicus,L., 
 faulend, G., septic : producing putre- 
 faction. 
 
 SEPTUM, s. m., n. L., see CLOISON. 
 Septum median du cerveau, du cervelet,F,, 
 see FAUX. S. staphylin : a term applied, 
 by Chaussier, to the velum palati, VOILE. 
 transverse, by the same, to tentorium ce- 
 rebelli, see TENTE. 
 
 SEQUESTRE, s. m., sequestrum, n. L. : 
 the portion of dead bone thrown off in Ne- 
 crosis, see NECROSE. Superficially seat- 
 ed, it is termed EXFOLIATION. 
 
 SEREUX, adj., serosus, L., appeals, v- 
 ^etraiSns, molkenhaft, molkicht, wasserig, 
 G., serous, watery : secreting, exhibiting 
 the characters, or consisting of, SERUM,OU 
 SEROSITIS, s. m. and f., serum, n. L.., 
 o oppos, die Molke, das Blutwasser, G., 
 the watery portion of the blood ; as, in A- 
 natomy, the serous membranes, les Mem- 
 branes sereuses, F., sense Haute, G.: in 
 Physiology, and Pathology, a serous fluid, 
 Fluide sereux ; and serous apoplexy, 
 Apoplexia serosa, seroser Schlagfluss. 
 
 SERPENTAIRE de Virginie,s. f.: a species, 
 in Botany, belonging to genus, Aristoloch- 
 ia, see ARISTOLOCHE. The odoriferous 
 root of Arist. serpentaria, die virginische 
 Schlangen- oder Vipernwurzel, G., is em- 
 ployed, as excitant and tonic, in low fever. 
 
 SERPENTIN, s. m. : the serpentine tube 
 constituting partof the chemical apparatus, 
 termed alembic, see ALAMBIC; and des- 
 tined to condense the product of distillation. 
 
 SERPiGiNEux,adj., serpiginosus,L., 
 serpiginous : an epithet applied to ulcers ; 
 which, extending at one extremity as they 
 cicatrize at the other, appear to creep, ser- 
 pere, L., along the surface of the skin. 
 
 SERRE, s.f., chela, f. L. : a term, in its 
 application to the foot of Birds, and the an- 
 terior extremity of Decapodous Crustacea, 
 synon. with claw, seeONGLE. SERRE,adj.: 
 an epithet bearing a two-fold signification : 
 1. serratus, L., gesagt, sagezahnig, G., 
 serrated; applied to the organs of animals 
 and plants.astheinusculi.'it'rra^, AieS'dge- 
 muskeln, G., see DENTELE, of the hu- 
 man trunk; and corolla, c. serrata, of Til- 
 la : 2. coarctatus, confertus, densus, dick- 
 stehend, dense,thickly-set,constricted;as, 
 in Botany, the umbel oi'Allium cepa : in Pa- 
 thology, a contracted pulse, Pauls serre } F.
 
 SEX 
 
 SERRULE, adj., feingesagt, G., serru- 
 lated : an epithet, in its botanical applica- 
 tion, synon. with DENTICULE". 
 
 SERTULE, s. m., sertulum, n. L., das 
 Doldenstriiusschen, G. : a term applied, by 
 modern Botanists, to the simple umbel, die 
 einfache Dolde, G., as exhibited in Pri- 
 mula officinalis. 
 
 SESAMOIDE, adj., awapoiSms, sesa- 
 
 moides, 1..., sesamoid: an epithet employ- 
 ed, in Anatomy, to designate minute bones, 
 Os sesamo'ides, F., TO, saria. ffi<rafAea$ia, 
 ossa sesamoidea, L., dieS^sa/nknochelchen , 
 G., which are developed in the substance 
 of the tendons passing in the vicinity of cer- 
 tain articulations. Distinguished into the 
 sesamoid bones of the hand and foot, die 
 .Stesambeine der Hand und des Fusses, G. 
 
 SESsiLE,adj., sessilis,L., stiellos,sitz- 
 end, ungestielt. G. : an epithet applied, in 
 Zoology, and Botany, to parts, or organs of 
 animals, and plants ; which, as the abdomen 
 of the Coleoptera in relation to the thorax, 
 and the seed of Plantago, to its placenta, are 
 attached without the aid of an intervening 
 pedicel,orfunis.SESsiLiFLORE,adj., sessi- 
 lifloral: possessing sessile Jlowers, sessiles 
 flores,^.', as Ranunculus sessiliflorus. SESSI- 
 LIFOLIE, adj., sessilifolius, L. : possessing 
 sessile leaves, sitzende oder stiellose Blat- 
 ter, G. ; as Drosera sessilifolia. 
 
 SKTACE, adj., setaceus, L., borstig, 
 borstenartig, borstenformig, G., setace- 
 ous: exhibiting the figure of a bristle, seta, 
 L.., die Borste.G. ; as, in Zoology, the an- 
 tenna of Cerambyx, and rostrum of Cimex : 
 in Botany, the bractea ofMentha viridis, and 
 leaf of Asparagus officinalis. SETEUX, adj., 
 setosus, L., mit Borsten besetzt, G. : fur- 
 nished with setae ; as the tail of divers In- 
 sects : composed of rigid hairs , as the ai- 
 grette ofArctium lappa: armed, below, with 
 long andsetiform teeth; as thepileus oftfyd- 
 num setosum. 
 
 SETON, s. m., setaceum, n. L., das 
 Haarseil, die Haarschnur, G. : in Surgery, 
 an exutory; formed, ordinarilyin thenuchal 
 region, by means of an instrument termed 
 a seton-need.\e, dAeHaarseilnadel, G. 
 
 SEVE, s. f., arboris succus, Li., der 
 Holzsaft, G. : in Vegetable Physiology.the 
 aqueous fluid which, absorbed by plants, is 
 transformed, after elaboration in their in- 
 terior, into nutritive matter, analogous to 
 the blood of animals. Sap constitutes the 
 liquor xylinus, of Schultz. 
 
 SEXE, s. m., sexus, m- L., ra y<v/>s, ft 
 <pu<n;, das Geschlecht, G., sex : the ap- 
 paratus of organs destined for the procrea- 
 tion of a new being ; the sexual difference 
 which exists between the male, and female, 
 of organized beings. SEXUEL, adj., sexu- 
 alis, L., geschlechtlich, G., sexual: per- 
 taining to, characterizing, the sexes ; as the 
 sexual organs, die Geschkchlsorgane, G. 
 
 485 
 
 SIG 
 
 fa, adj., sexangulatus, L.., 
 sex-angled: an epithet, from the Latin,sy- 
 non. with HEXAGONE. SEXAPODE, adj., 
 sexapodus, L., synon. with HEXAPODE. 
 
 SEXFiDE.adj., sexfidus,JL., sechsspal- 
 tig, G., six-cleft : divided into six por- 
 tions ; as, in Botany, the corolla of Sedum 
 sexfidum. SEXFLORE,adj., sexrlorus, L., 
 sechsbliithig, G. : bearing six Jlowers ; as 
 the flower-stalk of Passijlora scxflora. SEX- 
 LOCULAIRE, adj., sexlocularis, L,. : exhi- 
 biting six cells, sex loculos;&s, in Botany, 
 the capsule of Asarum. 
 
 SIAGONAGRE, s. f., siagonagra, f. (<riKy- 
 uv, the jaw, a,y%a, seizure),L., der rheum- 
 atische oder arthritische Schmen im Kinn- 
 backcn, oder im Kiefergelenke, G., pain, of 
 rheumatic or gouty character, in the jaw, 
 or its articulation. 
 
 SIALAGOGUE, adj., sialagogus (o-/axv, 
 saliva, ayu, to expel), L., speichelauslee- 
 rend, G. : an epithet applied to pharma- 
 ceutical agents, les Sialagogues, F., reme- 
 dia sialagoga,JL,., die Speichelmitte], G., 
 which augment the secretion of saliva. SIA- 
 I,ISME, s. m., ffio.\i<rpos, sialismus, m. 
 L., das Speicheln, G. : synon. with SALI- 
 VATION. SiALOLOGiE,s. f., sialologia, f., 
 dieSpeichellehre,G.:a Discourse, orTrea- 
 tise, Xoyf, on the saliva, m'aXov. SIA- 
 
 LORRHEE, S. f., sialorrhoea.f. (<r/aXa, pita, 
 
 toflow),L., derSpeichelrluss, salivation. 
 
 SICCATIF, adj., gvgavrixo;, siccans, L.: 
 synon. with DESSICATIF. 
 
 SICCHASIE, s. f., trix%a<riK, sicchasia, 
 L. : a term, from the Greek, signifying dis- 
 gust, der Ekel, Widerwille, G. ; but em- 
 ployed to designate loathing of aliment, an 
 extreme degree of ANOREXIE. 
 
 SIDERATION,S., sideratio,f.L. : a term 
 applied, by the ancient Pathologists.to cer- 
 tain diseases, or organic lesions, of sudden 
 occurrence and violent character, as Cata- 
 lepsy, Tetanus, Apoplexy, and senile Gan- 
 grene ; which, being referrible to no appa- 
 rent external cause, they sagely attributed 
 to the influence of the planets, s'tdera, L. 
 
 SiFFLANT,adj., sibilans,Ij., zischend, 
 G., whistling : an epithet applied, in Pa- 
 thology, to the human voice, or respiration, 
 R. sifflante, F., when accompanied by a 
 whistling sound, SIFFLEMENT, s. m., si- 
 bilatio, f. L., das Zischen, G. 
 
 SiGMoiDE.adj., ffiyp.a.rotibri;, sigmodes, 
 sigmoides, L., C-formig, (nicht 2-formig, 
 wie Manche rneinen), halbmondformig, 
 G., sigmoid, semilunar : presenting the 
 most ancient figure of the Greek sigma,that 
 of c. ; as, in Anatomy, 1. the two depressions, 
 Cavitcs, ou Fosses, sigmoides, F., which 
 exist in the superior, or humeral, extremity 
 of the ulna : 2. the valves, Valvules sig- 
 moides ou semi-lunaires, valvulae semilu- 
 nares (die halbmondformigen Klappen, G.) 
 pulmonales, et aorticae, L., which guard
 
 SIL 
 
 the orifices of the pulmonary artery and a- 
 orta : and, 3. the iliac or sigmoid flexure of 
 the colon, Flexura iliaca coli, L. 
 
 SIGNE, s. m., signuin, n. L., TO fftife.ii- 
 ov, das Zeichen, G., sign : the designati- 
 on of every phenomenon, or circumstance, 
 which may direct the Pathologist in deter- 
 mining the seat, and nature, of a disease. 
 Signs, pathologically considered, are distri- 
 butable into three groupes : 1. the anam- 
 nestic, S. anamnestiques, ou commemoratifs, 
 F., see ANAMNESIS ; 2. the diagnostic, 
 see DIAGNOSTIQ.UE ; and, 3. the prognostic, 
 see PROGNOSTIQUE; comprehending the 
 past, the present, and the future. The study 
 of these signs constitutes an important 
 branch of Medical Science, under the de- 
 signation of Semeiotics,anA Semeiology, see 
 SEMEIOLOGIE. 
 
 SILICATE, s. m., silicas, n. L. : in Che- 
 mistry,a genus of salts, kieselsaure Salze, 
 G., resultingfromthecombinationofszVzc- 
 ic acid, Acide silicique, F., a term appli- 
 ed, by Berzelius, to oxyde of siticium, with 
 salifiable bases. SILICE, s. f., silex, m. et 
 f. L., der Kiesel, Kieselstein, G. : a me- 
 tallic oxydc, composed of oxygen and SILI- 
 CIUM, s. m., n. L., a pulverulent metal, 
 which constitutes its base. SILICEUX, adj., 
 siliciosus, L., kieselig, G., silicious : 
 composed of, or containing, silex. 
 
 SiLicuLE,s.f., silicula,f.L., dasSchot- 
 chen,G.: in Botany,a dry bivalve pericarp, 
 divided, interiorly, by a membranous sep- 
 tum which sustains the seeds; and of breadth 
 nearly equal to its length. SILICULEUX, 
 adj., siliculosus, L., siliculose : having, 
 for its fruit, a silicule, or little pod ; as Ara- 
 bis siliculosa ; and, in general, those plants, 
 les SILICULEUSES, F., Siliculosa, L., 
 which constitute the First Order of Class, 
 Tetradynamia, of Linnaeus. 
 
 SiLiauEjS.f, siliqua,f. L., dieSchote, 
 G., silique or pod : in Botany, a dry peri- 
 carp, of elongated figure, exhibiting two 
 opposite longitudinal sutures, and an inte- 
 rior partition to which the seed is attached. 
 It differs, principally, from the silicule, in 
 its greater proportionate length. Employ- 
 ed, also, to specifically designate Testaceous 
 Mollusca,&nd plants; whose shells,&nd fruits, 
 as those ofSolen and Ceratonia siligua, re- 
 semble, in figure, the pod of the siliquose 
 plants, les Siliqueuses, F., Siliquosa, L. 
 These form the Second Order of Class, Te- 
 tradynamia, of Linnaeus; and a Tribe of the 
 Family of the Crucifera, of other Botanists. 
 SILIQUEUX, adj., siliquosus, L. : produc- 
 ing a pod ; as the siliquose plants : or a 
 fruit resembling the pod; as Lotus siliquosus. 
 
 SlLLON, S. f., SU1CUS, m. L., fl uXa|, 
 
 die Furche, G., groove, or furrow : a term 
 employed to designate the/wrrotc-Medepres- 
 sions, or markings, which exist on the sur- 
 face of certain bones, and of other animal 
 
 480 
 
 SIN 
 
 and vegetable organs. Of this nature, arc 
 the furrow of the cuboid bone, sulcus ossis 
 cuboidei, L. ; the circular groove, s. circu- 
 laris vel atrio-ventricularis, "Kriesfurche, 
 G., of the heart : the furrow on the stemof 
 Lampsana communis, and the calyx of Thy- 
 mus Melissa calamintha. SiLLONNE,adj., 
 sulcatus, L., gefurcht,G.: marked with 
 parallel furrows ; as, in Conchology, the 
 shell of Trochus sulcatus: in Botany, the 
 fruit of Scorpiurus sulcala- 
 
 SILURE, s. m., Silurus,!^.: in Zoology, 
 a genus of Malacopterygian AbdominalFish-* 
 es; constituting the type of the SILUR- 
 OIDES, s. m, pi., SUuridte, L.; and com- 
 prehending several species. The flesh of 
 S. glanis,\e Mai, F., der Wels, Waller- 
 fisch, G., which frequents the large riv- 
 ers of Eastern Europe, and Asia, is taste- 
 less and indigestible. Its swimming-bladder 
 yields an inferior kind of isinglass. 
 
 SIMAROUBA, s. m.: in Botany, a species 
 belonging to genus, QUASSIA. The bark, 
 die Simarubarinde, G., of Q. simaruba 
 fS. amaraof Aublet), a native of South- A- 
 merica and the West-Indian islands, is bit- 
 ter, astringent, and tonic , and forms the 
 subject of & German Officinal Extract, Si- 
 marubaextract. 
 
 SIMPLE, adj., simplex, L., aXaoy, 
 einfach.G.: an epithet opposed, in signifi- 
 cation, to compound, and complicated, see 
 COMPOSE, and CoMPLiQui:. Thus, sub- 
 stances which, as oxygen and the metals, 
 have hitherto resisted all efforts for their 
 decomposition, are termed, in Chemistry, 
 simple bodies, Corps simples, F. ; and, in 
 Pharmacy, medicinal Preparations which, 
 as Simple Tincture of Opium, Einfache 
 Opiumtinctur, G., contain only one ac- 
 tive ingredient; and, in Botany, parts,or 
 organs, of plants, which, as the stem ot'Oro- 
 banr.he major, the peduncle of Viola canina, 
 the spadix of Arum, and style of Allium ce- 
 pa, are neither ramified nor divided. In 
 Pathology, diseases, in which one organ on- 
 ly is affected, or the whole, if more than 
 one be implicated, exhibit an analogous af- 
 fection, are designated simple, Maladies 
 simples, F., morbi simplices, L. 
 
 SIMULE, adj., simulatus, L., simulat- 
 ed: an epithet applied to divers morbid af- 
 fections, Maladies simulees, L., verstei/te 
 Krankheiten, G., which, as madness, epi- 
 lepsy, and convulsion, individuals some- 
 times.?i/;?M/tefor the purposesof deception. 
 
 SINAPISME, s. m., a ffmttviffftos, sinap- 
 ismus,m. L., der Sew/teig, -umschlag, das 
 5Vw/pflaster, G. : an irritating cataplasm, 
 see CATAPLASME, composea of farina of 
 mustard, O-IVKVI, hydrochlorate of soda, 
 yeast, and vinegar, or vinegar of Squill. 
 
 SINCIPITAL, adj., sincipitalis, L.: per- 
 taining to the SINCIPUT, s. m., n. L., 
 der Vorderkopf, G,, the forehead ; as, in
 
 SIN 
 
 Anatomy, the sincipital region, R. sincipi- 
 tale, F. By some writers, the term, sinci- 
 put, is regarded as synon. with vertex, n 
 xoputyn, ra fjii/r'nx^aiov, of the Greeks. The 
 folio wing is the precise and accurate defini- 
 tion of the German Krause: '' Der hochste 
 Theil des Schadels, der Scheitel, Vertex, 
 trennt der Vorderkopf, Sinciput, vom Hin- 
 terkopf, Occiput." 
 
 SINDON, s. m. (fffduv, fine linen), F., et 
 Li.: a :,mall rounded pledget of linen, with a 
 thread attached to its middle. Destined 
 for introduction into the orifice made in the 
 cranium, by the crown of the trephine. 
 
 SINGULTUEUX, adj., singultans, L., 
 schluchzend, G., sobbing; an epithet ap- 
 plied to the respiration, K. singultueusej?., 
 when interrupted by sobs. 
 
 SINUE, adj., gebuchtet, G., sinuated: 
 an epithet employed, in Botany, to, speci- 
 fically, designate plants whose organs, as 
 the leafofDipsacussinuatus , and, gener- 
 ally, organs themselves; which, as the nec- 
 tary, nectarium sinnatum, ot'Cobcea scan- 
 dens, and the pileus of Morchella undosa, 
 exhibit a scolloped or undulating outline. 
 
 SINUEUX, adj., sinuosus,L., sinuous: 
 an epithet applied, in Surgery, to ulcers or 
 JhiulcB ; which pursue a tortuous course: in 
 Botany, to organs of plants;which,as the 
 leaf of Dicranum sinuosum, and the anther 
 of Cucumis, present a zigzag outline. 
 
 SINUS, s. m. F., et L. : in Anatomy, an 
 irregular cavity, or cavities, exhibiting an 
 interior more capacious than the orifice or 
 outlet. Of these, are distinguished, 1. the 
 Sinuses of the bones, Sinus rfesos,F.;which, 
 as the sphenoidal, frontal, and maxillary, 
 die Keilbein-, Stirn-, und OberkieferAoAZ- 
 en, G., exist in the interior of the corres- 
 ponding cranial and facial bones; and com- 
 municate, directly or indirectly, with the 
 nasal fossae : 2. those of the dura mater, S. 
 de la dure-mere, s. durae matris, L., die 
 Blutbeh'dlter des harten Hirnhaut, G. ; as 
 the cavernous, s. cavernosi, L., die JZell- 
 blutleiter, G., see CAVEIINEUX, the two 
 lateral, and longitudinal, the straight or per- 
 pendicular, S. droit ( choroidien, Ch.), 
 s. rectus, perpendicularis, vel tentorii, L., 
 gerader oder Zeltllutleitcr,G., and 7V- 
 cularHerophili, see CONFLUENT, theoe- 
 cipital, petrous, and various other sinuses 
 connected with them: and, 3. the venous si- 
 nuses of other organs; as those of the right 
 and left auricle of the heart, le S. des 
 veines caves, et pnlmonaires,F., s.venarum 
 cavarum, et pulmonalium, cordis, I> , 
 der Hohlenvenen-, und LungenvenemaeA, 
 G.; and that of the vena portarum, S.des 
 veines portes, die PfortaderAoAfe, G. Por- 
 tal, also, designates the coronary wmwhich 
 penetrates the posterior inferior part of the 
 right cardiac auricle, das rechte Herzohr, 
 G., le Sinus coronaire du ccnir. 
 
 487 
 
 SOI 
 
 In Surgery, afistulous or hollow sore, <5 
 xeK-ro;, uvoii/tf^ov t^xas, ein AoAfeGeschwur, 
 G., see CLAPIER: in Botany,the rounded 
 notch, E'chancrure, SINUE, die Bucht, 
 hohler, rund zulaufender Einschnitt,G., 
 exhibited by the margins of certain organs, 
 as of the leaves, of plants. 
 
 SIPHON,S. m., a <ri<p&>v : in Physics, an in- 
 strument sipho,m.L. derHeber,dieWas- 
 serrohre, G., destined for the transvasa- 
 tion of liquids : in -Zoology, the membran- 
 ous tube, siphunculus, L., Nerven>-oA;-e, 
 G.;which, traversing centrally,or laterally, 
 the partitions of the poly thalamous hence 
 termed siphunculated shell, Coquille si- 
 phonculee,F., of certain cephalopod Mollus- 
 ca, as that of Nautilus, connects the differ- 
 ent chambers, and enables the contained a- 
 nimal to sink, or rise, by an act of volition, 
 in the waters : also, the rostrum, die Saug- 
 rohre,G., ofCrustacea, and Suctorial Arach- 
 nida. SIPHONCULE, s. m., petit siphon, das 
 Saugrbhrchen,G. : the roslrumot'Pediculus. 
 
 SiRiASE,s. m., ft a-iigia/ris, siriasis,f.I...: 
 disease,and, more especially, inflammation 
 of the brain, see COUP, produced bylN- 
 SOLATION. Derived from y,ti^is, the dog- 
 star, Sirius, m. L.., der Hundstern, G. ; 
 or 2sij, a name of the sun. 
 
 STROP. See SYROP. 
 
 SITIOLOGIE, s. f., sitiologia, f. (<r/r/, 
 food, Xoyof,a discourse),L., dieNahrungs- 
 mittelkunde, Lehre von den Speisen, G-, 
 Sitiology: a Treatise upon aliments. 
 
 SKELONCIE, s. f., skeloncus, f. (o-xsXoy, 
 leg, Syxo;, swelling), L., die Schenkelge- 
 schwullst,G., tumefactionot'the lower limb. 
 
 SMILACEES, s. f. pi., Smilacete, L,.: in 
 Botany, a Family of monocotyledonous 
 plants; having, for type, the genus, Smilax, 
 see SALSEPAREILLE. 
 
 SMEGMA, s. m., TO f^yfiK . the unctu- 
 ous matter, Smegma praeputii,lj., secret- 
 ed by Glandulse Tysonianae, on glans penis. 
 
 SODIUM, s. m., n. L., and G.: the me- 
 tallic basis of soda,or oxyde of sodium, see 
 SOUDE. Discovered, by Davy, in 1807. 
 
 SOIE, s. f. : in Zoology, 1. the long stiff 
 hair, or bristle, seta, f. L., die Borste,G., 
 which constitutes the whisker, MOUS- 
 TACHE, of the FelidfE, as the Lion and the 
 Cat; invests the body of certain Pachyder- 
 mata, as the Hog ; and arms the tail of 
 some Insects, as Podiurus; 2. the delicate 
 thread, or silk, sericum,n. L., die Seide, 
 G., secreted by the caterpillar of divers 
 Lepidoptcra, as that of Bombyx iori,for the 
 construction of the cocoon; and by Arach- 
 nida, for the fabrication of their web. In 
 Botany, the slender stem, or pedicel, which 
 sustains the urn of the Mosses, and fructi- 
 fication of the Jungermannia ; and thebris- 
 tles, setae, L., die Borsten, G., which 
 exist on the summit of the floral envelope 
 of many of the Graminece.
 
 SOL 
 
 SOIF, s. f., sitis, f. L., ri 1i-4>K, Durst, 
 m.G., thirst : the sensation of a desire to 
 introduce liquids into the alimentary canal. 
 
 SOLAIRE, s. m. : in Surgery, abandage, 
 fascia Solaris, L., die Sonne, knotenform- 
 ige Binde, G., more commonly named, le 
 N(Evn<femballure. SOLAIRE, adj., solar: 
 in Anatomy, the designation of an abdom- 
 inal nervous plexus, pi. Solaris, vel cere- 
 brum abdominale, L., das S'owiengeh'echt, 
 G., see CtELiAQUE. 
 
 SOLAVEES, s. f., pi., SolanecB, L., die 
 Solaneen, G. : in Botany, a Family of di- 
 cotyledonous monopetalous plants; having 
 for type, the genus, Solanum, see Mo- 
 RELLE. SOLANINE, s. f.,_solanina, f. L. : 
 an organic alcali ; discovered in the berry of 
 divers species of Solanum. 
 
 SOLE,S. f. : in Ichthyology, a genus, So- 
 lea, L. ; belonging to the Family, Pleuro- 
 nectida, see PLEURONECTE. In Anato- 
 my, and Zoology, the inferior part, die 
 FusssoAfejG., of the foot of Man ; of the 
 hoof, "Rufsohle, see SABOT, of the un- 
 
 fulated Mammifera ; and of the tarsus of 
 nsects. 
 
 SOLEAIRE, s. m., and adj.: in Anatomy, 
 the designation of a crural muscle (M. tib- 
 io-calcanien, Ch.), Soleus,L>., der grosse 
 Waden- oder Sohlenmuskei,G.i which, fix- 
 ed to the back part of the head of the fib- 
 ula, and the oblique line on the posterior 
 surface and the internal border of the tib- 
 ia, terminates in a broad tendon uniting 
 with that of the Gastrocnemius, to consti- 
 tute the tendo Achillis ; and is finally in- 
 serted into the os calcis. 
 
 SOLEN, s. m., n. L.: in Surgery, an ob- 
 long box, or case, die Lade, G., BOITE, 
 employed in the treatment of fractured 
 limbs ; sic ob similitudinem cum valvacon- 
 chse,quse Solenvoc&tur, dictum : in Conch- 
 ology, a genus of bivalve shells, die Mes- 
 serscheide, Scheidemuschel, G., Razor- 
 shell ; constituting the type of the Solena- 
 cca, SOLENACES, s. m. pi.: and inhabited 
 by an acephalous Molluscum; several spe- 
 cies of which are edible. 
 
 SoLiDE,adj., solidus,L., <rrsjo$, fest, 
 G., solid : an epithet applied to bodies 
 the integrant molecules of which are so 
 strongly united by the force of cohesion as 
 to oppose a sensible resistance to their se- 
 paration. The bones, cartilages, ligaments, 
 muscles, tendons, blood-vessels, nerves, 
 membranes, skin, hair, and nails, constitute 
 the solid parts of the human body. 
 
 SOLIDISME, s. m., solidismus, m. L., 
 solidism : in Theoretical Medicine, the doc- 
 trine of the Solidists, SOLIDISTES, s. m., 
 pi. : a sect of Physicians who ascribed to the 
 fluids of the animal body merely a passive 
 and subordinate rank in the phenomena of 
 life ; which they regarded as essentially re- 
 siding in the solids. 
 
 488 
 
 SOM 
 
 SOLIDITE, s. f., soliditas, f. L., die 
 Festigkeit, G., solidity: the property, or 
 condition, of solid bodies. 
 
 SOLIPEDE, adj., solipes, L., ganzhu- 
 fig, G., single-hoofed. SOLIPKDES, s. m. 
 pL, Solipedes, L., Ganzhu i fiffe r hiere,G. : 
 in Mastozoology, a Section, or Family, of 
 the Order, Pachydermata ; comprehending 
 those animals which, as the Horse, Ass,and 
 Zebra, have apparently one toe, and one 
 hoof, only in each foot. Synon. with SOLI- 
 DUXGULES, s. m. pi., Solidungula, L. 
 
 SOLSTITIAL, adj., pertaining to the 
 solstice, so/s<iiw/n,n.L., der Sonnenstill- 
 stand, G. : an epithet specifically designa- 
 tive of animals, and plants ; which, asMusca, 
 and Centaurea, solstitialis, appear about 
 the advent of the summer-so's^'ce. 
 
 SOLUBILITE, s. f., solubilitas, f. L., 
 die Loslichkeit, Losbarkeit, G., solubili- 
 ty : the property, possessed by certain bo- 
 dies, of dissolving in a menstruum. SOLU- 
 BLE, adj,, solubilis, L., loslich, losbar, 
 G.: possessing solubility. SOLUTIF, adj., 
 solutivus, L. : synon. with LAXATIF. 
 
 SOLUTION, s. f., solutio, f. L., Siaxgi- 
 ffis, Kvtris, die Lo'sung, G.: in Chemistry, 
 the operation whereby a solid body dis- 
 solveswliolly,OT partially, in another which 
 is liquid ; also, the result of such opera- 
 tion : in Pathology, iheterminationot' a dis- 
 ease. S. de continuity : in Surgical Patho- 
 logy , i\\e separation of parts previously con- 
 tinuous; as exhibited in wound, laceration, 
 and fracture. 
 
 SOMATOLOGIE, s. f., somatologia, f. (<ru- 
 P.K, the body, Aoyaj, a discourse), L., So- 
 matology: a Treatise on the human body; 
 as the Work published, under this title, by 
 Pohl, in 1616. SOMATOTOMIE, s. f., so- 
 matotomia, f. (same, and m/tri, incision),L., 
 dissection of the body. 
 
 SoMMEiL,s.m., somnus, m.L., J 8mas, 
 der Schlaf,G., sleep: in Physiology,the 
 repose of the organs of the senses and of 
 voluntary motion ; the transient interrup- 
 tion of the relations which animals main- 
 tain with the external world, by the or- 
 gans of sense. The term is, also, applied 
 to the peculiar disposition which certain 
 organs of plants, particularly the leaves, 
 assume during the night. 
 
 SOMMITE, s. f., sommitas,f. L. : the ex- 
 treme point, ausserste Spitze, G., of the 
 flowering-stem of certain plants; whose 
 flowers, as those of Artemisia absinthium, 
 an&Lavandula sjsica.aretoo minute to admit 
 of separate collection and preservation. 
 
 SOMNAMBULE, adj., vKvoSarvs, sleep- 
 walking : an epithet applied to one who is 
 the subject of somnambulism, SOMNASIBU- 
 LISME,S. m., * vvnioSdrturis . a pathological 
 affection pertaining to the Neuroses ; cha- 
 racterized by walking in sleep, and the per- 
 formance of other actions which are not or-
 
 sou 
 
 dinarily executed in that state. Conse- 
 quently, synon. with NOCTAMBULE. S. 
 magnelique ou artificiel : a sort of sleep, in- 
 duced by the action of animal magnetism. 
 
 SOMNIFERE, adj., somnifer, L., iivrva- 
 nxos, einschlafernd.G., somniferous : an 
 epithet applied, in Pharmacy, to remedies 
 which, as asleeping-yotion, Schlqf\,r&nk,m. 
 G., induce sleep, somnitm ferunt, L.: in 
 Botany, specifically designative of plants 
 which, as Physalis somnifera, and Papaver 
 somnifemm, possess narcotic properties. 
 
 SOMNOLENCE, s.f.: the intermediate state 
 between sleep and waking. 
 
 SON, s. m. : in Physiology, the sensation, 
 sonus, sonitus, m. L., U?, derSchall, 
 G., sound, communicated by sonorous 
 bodies, through the medium of the atmo- 
 sphere, to the organ of hearing: in Materia 
 Medica, the integument of thecereal grains, 
 furfur, n. L., die Kleye, G., bran, 
 when broken down by grinding, and sepa- 
 rated from the farina. 
 
 SONDE, s. m., specillum, n. L., h [/.fan, 
 die Sonde, G., sound : in Surgery, an 
 instrument employed for introduction into 
 the cavity of certain organs,as the bladder, 
 or the track of wound or fistula, with a 
 view of ascertaining the existence of fo- 
 reign bodies, or the extent, or direction, of 
 a lesion, or of fulfilling a therapeutic indi- 
 cation. Many varieties of sonde, a desig- 
 nation comprehending the common sound, 
 probe, catheter, and bougie, are enumer- 
 ated, and described, by the French Lexico- 
 graphers. SoNDER,v.a., specz7/oexplorare, 
 L., rait der^oradeuntersuchen,G., to ex- 
 amine with sound or probe. S. la vessie, 
 Jistulam in vesicam demittere. 
 
 SOPHISTICATION, s. f. Synon. with A- 
 
 DULTERATION. 
 
 SOPOIIEUX, adj., soporus, L., schlaf- 
 suchtig, G., soporous: inducing, or cha- 
 racterized by, drowsiness, or morbid sleep, 
 sopor, m. L., die Schlafsucht, G.; as Apo- 
 plexy, and other diseases.hence termedMa- 
 ladics soporeuses, F. Fievre soporeuse: a va- 
 riety of intermittent ; of which drowsiness 
 constitutes the principal phenomenon. 
 
 SOPOHIFERE, SOPORIFIQUE, adj. Syn- 
 on. with SOMNIFERE. 
 
 SORBIEH, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Sor- 
 bus (Icosandna, monogyn.; Rosacea), L. ; 
 comprehending two species, S. aucuparia, 
 et domestica, le S. sauvage, et domestique, 
 F., der Vogelbeerbaum, und Sperber- 
 baum, G., lately transferred, by British 
 Botanists, to genus, Pyrus. From the 
 bright-red fruit of the former, cyder, bran- 
 dy, and bread, are prepared in Sweden. 
 
 SORBIQUE, adj., sorbicus, L., sorbic : 
 an epithet employed to designate an acid, 
 die Sorbeersaure, Vogelbeersiiure, G., 
 which, on its first discovery in the berry of 
 Sorbus aucuparia, SORBIER, was deemed 
 
 489 
 
 SOU 
 
 peculiar; but has since been recognized as 
 pure malic acid. 
 
 SOUBRESAUT, s. m., subsultus, m. L., 
 -das Zucken, Hupfen, G., a convulsive 
 twitching, as of the tendons, s. tendinum, 
 L., das Sehnenhupfen, G., in low fever. 
 Soubr. epigaslrique, F., subsultus prsecordi- 
 orum, L. : a succession of convulsive shocks 
 occurring in the epigastric regioji. 
 
 Souci, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, Calen- 
 dula ( Syngenesia, necessar.; Corymbiferce ), 
 L., die Ringelblume.G., the Mary gold. 
 The flowers of C. arvensis, et officinalis, le 
 S. desjardins, et des champs, F., dieFeld-, 
 und die gewohnliche Ringelblume,G., are 
 bitter and tonic; and, employed as a cata- 
 plasm, are said to possess resolutive proper- 
 ties. An extract, of them has, also, been 
 recommended as a remedy for chronic vo- 
 miting. Souci d'eau : a popular designation 
 of Callha palustris, die Sumpf- Dotter- 
 blume, G. 
 
 SOUDE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Salsola 
 (Pentandria, digyn.; Chenopodea},!*, die 
 Sodapflanze, das Salzkraut, G., the Salt- 
 wort; comprehending many mai'itime spe- 
 cies ; from the ashes of which is obtained 
 the soda of commerce, seeBARiLLE. The 
 plants, which yield the best soda, are S. sa- 
 tiva, soda, et kali. 
 
 SOUDE, s. f., soda pura vel caustica,L., 
 reine Sode, a tzende oder caustische Soda, 
 das Sodiumoxyd, G.: pure or caustic soda, 
 oxyde of SODIUM. Soude aeree, crayeu.se, 
 F., sub-carbonate, and carbonate, of soda, 
 see CARBONATE. 
 
 SOUFRE, s. m., sulfur, sulphur, m. L., 
 <ro faiov, der Schwefel, G., sulphur : a 
 simple combustible, non-metallic body, 
 Spec. Gravity, 1,99, existing in nature, 
 either pure, or in combination with oxy- 
 gen or various metals. French and Ger- 
 man Officinal Preparations : Precipitated 
 Sulphur, S. prsecipitatum, Lac Sulfuris, 
 Ph.Gall., GefallterSchwefel.oderSchwe- 
 felmilch, G. ; Sublimed , S. sublimatum, 
 vel Flores Sulfuris, Gereinigter od. Sub- 
 limirterSchwefeljSchwefelblumen; a Com- 
 pound Ointment, Adeps Sulfureet Ammo- 
 niae Muriate (vel Carbonate Potassse) Me- 
 dicatus, Zusammengesetzte Schwefel- 
 salbe. German : a Simple Ointment, Ein- 
 fache Schwefelsalbe ; and Soap, Schwef- 
 el-Seife. Sulphur-fumigations, die Schw.- 
 raucherungen. For the other mcdicinalcom- 
 pounds of Sulphur, see HYDRO-SULFATE, 
 SULFURE, et SULFURIQUE. S. vegetal, F., 
 semen Lycopodii,L., der Klopf-,Blitz-, 
 oderMoospulver.G., seeLYCOPODE . SOU- 
 FRE, adj., sulphury, sulphurous ; schwe- 
 felicht, G. ; as a sulphurous exhalation, 
 der Schwefeldampf, G. : sulphur-coloured, 
 schwefelgelb, G. ; as, in Ornithology, 
 Psittacus ; and in Botany, Polypoms( Bo- 
 letusj sulphureus.
 
 sou 
 
 SOUPIR, s, m., suspirium, n. L., der 
 Seufzer, das Seufzen, G., a sigh, sighing: 
 a slow contraction of the inspirator/ mus- 
 cles; ordinarily excited by a sense of oppres- 
 sion behind the sternum; and portentous of 
 danger, when occurring in febrile diseases. 
 
 SOURCIL, s, m., supercilium, n. L., * 
 o<pgvg, Augenbraune,f.G., the eye-brow : 
 in Anatomy, and Zoology, the arched emi- 
 nence which, covered with hairs, is situated, 
 above each eye, in Man, and divers other 
 Mammifera ; also, the white or coloured 
 streak which sometimes exists, above the 
 eye, in Birds. 
 
 SOURCILIER, SORCILIER, adj., superci- 
 liaris, L., superciliary : an epithet desig- 
 native, in Anatomy, of parts, or organs, 
 which are connected with the eye-brow, 
 see SOCRCIL; as, 1. the two eminences, 
 Arcades sourcilieres, F., arcus superciliares, 
 Li., die Augenbrauenbb'gen, G., trans- 
 versely situated on the external surface of 
 the frontal bone, above the superior ridge 
 of the orbits : 2. a muscle, M. sourcilier 
 ( fronto-sourcilier, Ch.), Corrugator su- 
 percilii, der Augenbrauenrunzler,G.; at- 
 tached, by its internal extremity, to the in- 
 ternal angular process of the frontal bone, 
 and confounded, externally, with Occipito- 
 f rontalis, and Orbicu laris palpebrarum: and, 
 3. an Artery, Artere sourciliere, ou Sus-Or- 
 bitaire. SOUHCILIEUX, adj. : in Zoology, 
 of Birds, which, asRallus superciliaris, are 
 characterized by the supra-orbitary streak ; 
 or, as Falco superciliosus, by the tuft of su- 
 perciliary feathers, Plumes sourcilieres, F. 
 
 SOURIS, s. f. : in Zoology, a well-known 
 Mammiferous Animal, Mus musculus, a 
 /u,u s> dieMaus,G., the mouse; belonging 
 to Order, Rodentia ; and constituting the 
 type of the Mouse-Family, Muridee, L.. : 
 in Pathology, a convulsive motion, mystag- 
 mus, m. L., -das krampfhafteZucken, G., 
 of the eye-ball, and sometimes of the iris, 
 or the infra-orbitary fibres of theOrbicula- 
 ris palpebrarum muscle. 
 
 SOUS-ACROMIO-CLAVI-HUMERAL, S. m., 
 
 and adj., infra-acromio-clavi-humeralis, 
 
 Li. : a term applied, by Dumas, to the del- 
 toid muscle, seeDELToiDE ( Sous-Acro- 
 mio- Humeral, Ch.) ; from its attachments. 
 
 SOUS-ARBRISSEAU, s. m., suffrutex, m. 
 Li-, TO /tafiviov, das Staudengewachs, G., 
 an under-shrub, see ARBRE. 
 
 SOUS-ATLOIDIEN, Sous-AxoiDiEK,s.m., 
 and adj., infra-atloideus, infra-axoideus, 
 L. : terms applied, respectively, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the second, and third, pair of cervi- 
 cal nerves ; as passing out beneath the alias, 
 and the axis or vertebra dentata. 
 
 SOUS-CLAVIER, adj., subclavius, L.: an 
 epithet designative, in Anatomy, of a mus- 
 cle, M. sous-clavier ( COSTO-CLAVICU- 
 I.AIKE, Ch.), F., Subclavius, L., der Un- 
 lerschlussclbeinmusltel > G., which is situat- 
 
 490 
 
 SOU 
 
 ed ; and to blood-vessels, vasa subclavia, 
 L,., which pass beneath the clavicle, im- 
 ter dem Schlusselbeine, G. Of these vessels, 
 the artery, Artere sous-claviere, arteria 
 subclavia, L., die Schliissel- oder Unter- 
 schltisselbein-pulsa&er, G., is, on the right 
 side, a branch of arteria innominata; on the 
 left, of the aorta : and the vein, Veine 
 sous-claviere, die Unterschlusselbein\A\\ tad- 
 er, concurs, with its fellow of the opposite 
 side, to form the superior vena cava. 
 
 SOUS-COSTAL, adj., infra-costalis, L., 
 infra-costal: an epithet applied to certain 
 small muscular fasciculi, Muscles sous-cos- 
 taiix, F. ; which are sometimes seen, on the 
 internal surface of the thorax, descending 
 obliquely from rib to rib; and have been re- 
 garded as appendages of the internal inter- 
 costal muscles. 
 
 Sous-CuTANE, adj., subcutaneus, L. : 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to blood-ves- 
 sels, Arteres, veincs, sous-cutanees,F. ; and 
 structures, as the sub-cutaneous cellular tis- 
 sue, die Unterhautze\lgewebe,G. ; which, 
 are situated : in Pathology, to mor- 
 bid growths, tumores subcutanei, L., de- 
 veloped immediately beneath the skin, 
 sub cutem, L., unter der Haul, G. 
 
 Sous-DiAPHRAGMATiQUE, adj., infra- 
 diaphragmaticuSjL.: an epithet applied,by 
 Chaussier,totheinferiordiaphrac/maticblooa.- 
 vessels and nerves. 
 
 Sous-EpiNEux,adj., infra-spinous : an 
 epithet designative, in Anatomy, 1. of a 
 large excavation, Fosse sous-epineuseF-r 
 fossa infraspinata,Ij., which exists, on the 
 posterior surface of the scapula, below its 
 spine: and, 2. of a muscle, M. sous-epi- 
 neux ( grand Scapulo-Trochiterien, Ch.), 
 F., Infraspinatus, L., der Untergr'dten- 
 muskel, G. ; which, filling up that cavity, 
 is attached,bya strong tendon, to thegreat 
 tuberosity on the head of the humerus. 
 
 Sous-HroiDiEN, adj., infra-hyoideus, 
 L.: situated below the hyoidbone', as, in A- 
 natomy, the infra-hyoid region, R. sous- 
 hyo'idienne, F. 
 
 SoUS-LlNGUAL,adj., SeeSuBLINGUAL. 
 
 SOUS-MAXILLAIRE, adj., sub-maxilla- 
 ry : an epithet designative, in Anatomy.of 
 a large salivary gland, Glande sous-maxil- 
 laire, F., glandula sub-maxillaris,~L,., die 
 Unterkiefer- Speicheldriise,G.; which, sit- 
 uated beneath the jaw, between the bellies 
 of the digastric muscle, is provided with an 
 excretory duct, Conduitde Warthon,Y,, 
 ductusWhartonianus,L., communicating 
 with the buccal cavity, by a minute orifice, 
 on the side of the frsenum lingua?: and, 2. 
 of a nervous ganylion, G. sous-maxilla ire, 
 der Unterkieferknoten, G., which, formed 
 by the superior branch of the vidian, and 
 communicating with the lingual of the in- 
 ferior maxillary nerve, is situated in the 
 centre of the preceding gland.
 
 sou 
 
 SOUS-MAXILLO-CUTANE,SOUS-MAXIL- 
 
 I.O-LABIAL, adj., infra-maxillo-cutaneus, 
 et -labialis, L.: terms applied, respective- 
 ly, by Dumas, to the HOUPPE du menton, 
 and TRIANGULAIRE des Icvres, muscles. 
 SOUS-MENTAL, adj., see SUBMENTAL. 
 
 SOUS-M ETACARPO-, et SOUS-METATAH- 
 
 SO-LATERI-PHALANGIEN, s. m., et adj., 
 infra-metacarpo-, et infra-metatarso-lateri- 
 phalanginianus, L.: terms applied, respec- 
 tively, by Dumas, to the palmar, and plan- 
 tar, interosseous muscles; from their at- 
 tachments, see INTEROSSEUX. 
 
 Sous-OcciPiTAL,adj., infra-occipitalis, 
 L.: an epithet applied, by some Anatom- 
 ists, to the basilar process, Prolonoement 
 sous-occipital; and to the occipital nerves, 
 Nerfs sous-occipitaux, see OCCIPITAL. 
 
 SOUS-OPTICO-SPHENO-SCLEROTICIEN, 
 
 adj.: a term applied, by Dumas, to the in- 
 ferior straight muscle of the eye, DROIT. 
 
 SOUS-ORBITAIRE, adj., infra-orbitalis, 
 L., infra-orbitary : an epithet designative, 
 in Anatomy, of divers parts, or organs, 
 which are situated, or pass, beneath the or- 
 bit of the eye ; as, 1. a small canal, C. ou 
 Conduit sous-orbitaire, F., canalis infraor- 
 bitalis,!,!., der Unteraunenhohlen-kanal, G. } 
 which, traversing, obliquely, the sub- 
 stance of the inferior paries of the orbit, 
 terminates in the fossa canina of the supe- 
 rior maxillary bone, by, 2. an orifice, Trou 
 sous-orbilaire, das Unterauffenhohlenloch ; 
 and transmits, 3. an artery, Artere sous- 
 orbitaire, die Unterauaenhohlenschlagader, 
 a branch of the internal maxillary ; and 
 the accompanying vein, vena infraorbita- 
 lis, L. : and, 4. anerve, Nerfsous-orbitaire, 
 der Unterauffenhohlennerv, a continua- 
 tion of the superior maxillary; dividing, on 
 its exit, into the palpebral, labial, nasal, 
 and buccal filaments. 
 
 Sous-PopLiTE,adj., infra-popliteus, L: 
 an epithet applied, by Spigelius,to the Pop- 
 liteus muscle, see POPLITE. 
 
 Sous-PuBiEN, adj., infra-pubianus, L.: 
 an epithet designative, in Anatomy, of cer- 
 tain parts, situated below the pubcs ; as, 1. 
 a depression, Fosse sous-pulienne, F., 
 which surrounds, 2. a large oval orifice, 
 Trou sous-pubien, of the os innominatum, 
 improperly designated foramen obturato- 
 rium, seeOsTURATEUR, and closed by, 
 3. a ligament, L, sous-pubien: and, 4. a 
 fasciculus of ligamentous fibres, Ligament 
 sous-pubien ou triangulaire, transversely 
 situated below the symphysis pubis. 
 
 Sous-PuBio-CoccvGiEN, s. m.,et adj., 
 infra-pubio-coccygeus, L. : a term applied, 
 by Chaussier, to the Levator ani muscle, 
 Jleleveur de Fanus,F., der Afterheber,G. ; 
 as extending from the inferior and internal 
 part of the pubes, to os coccygis. 
 
 SoUS-PuBIO-CRETI-TlBIAL, S. 111., et 
 
 adj., infra-pubio-creti-tibialis, L. : a term 
 491 
 
 SPA 
 
 applied, by Dumas, to the Gracilis muscle 
 of the thigh, Sous-TiBio-PRETiBiAL.Ch., 
 schlanker Schenkelmuskel, G., DROIT; 
 from its attachments. 
 
 Sous-PuBio-FfcMORAL, s. m., et adj., . 
 infra-pubio-femoralis, L. : a term, or epith- 
 et, applied, by Chaussier, to the second Ad- 
 ductormuscleof the thigh, seeADDUCTEUR; 
 from its attachments : and to the blood- 
 vessels, and nerves, of the obturator fora- 
 men, seeOsTUHATEUR; from their dis- 
 tribution. 
 
 Sous-PuBio-TROCHANTERiEN, s. m.,and 
 adj., infra-pubio-trochanterianus, L..: a 
 term applied, by Chaussier, to the obturator 
 muscles ; from their attachments. 
 
 Sous-ScAPULAiRE, s. m., et adj., infra- 
 scapularis, L., infrascapular : a term ap- 
 plied, in Anatomy, to parts, or organs, sit- 
 uated beneath ihescapula, seeOMOPLATE; 
 as, 1. the great excavation, Fosse sous-sca- 
 pitlaire, F., fossa subscapularis, L. ; which, 
 occupying the anterior or costal surface of 
 the scapula, lodges, 2. a muscle, M. sous- 
 scapulaire( Sous-Scapulo-Trochinien,Ch.), 
 F., Sub- vel Infra-scapularis,i,., dert/w- 
 terschulterblattmuske\,G.; attached, on one 
 hand, to the costal surface and vertebral 
 border of the scapula ; on the other, to the 
 lesser tuberosity, Trochin, of the hume- 
 rus: and, 3. an artery, Artere sous-scapul- 
 
 airc, Ch., inferieure, Sabat., et SCAFU- 
 
 LAIRE commune, of preceding Anatomists. 
 
 SOUS-SCAPULO-TROCHINIEN, S. m., et 
 
 adj., see SOUS-SCAPULAIRE. 
 
 SOUS-SEL, s. m., sub-salt : a term ap- 
 plied to salts with an excess of base- 
 
 SOUS-SPINI-SCAPULO-TROCHITERIEN, 
 
 s. m., et adj., infra-spini-scapulo-trochite- 
 rianus, L. ; a term applied, by Dumas, to 
 Infraspinatus muscle, see Sous-F/PiNEux 
 (le Grand SCAPULO-TROCHITERIEN, Ch.) ; 
 from its attachments. 
 
 Sous-STERNAL,adj., infra-sternalis,L. : 
 an epithet applied, by some Anatomists, to 
 the xy phoid cartilage, Appendice sous-ster- 
 nal, F., see XYPHOIDE; and, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the internal mammary artery, Ar- 
 tere sous-sternale, see MAMMAIHE; as si- 
 tuated beneath the sternum. 
 
 SOUS-TROCHANTERIEK,SOUS-TROCHAN- 
 TINIEN, adj., infra-trochanterianus, et 
 -trochantinianus, L. : epithets applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the infernal and external cir- 
 cumflex arteries of the thigh, respectively, 
 see CIHCONFLEXE. 
 
 SovEux,adj., sericeus, L., seiden, sei- 
 denartig, G., silken, silk-like: composed, 
 or exhibiting the characters, of silk. 
 
 SPADICE, s. m.,' spadix, m. L., der 
 Kolben, G.: in Botany, a mode of inflores- 
 cence; which consists in an assemblage of 
 sessile flowers on a common simple axis ; 
 naked, as in Piper; or surrounded by a 
 spatha, see SPATHE, as in the Aroidcce.
 
 SPE 
 
 SPADOK, s. m.,-~o trxuSuv, spado, m.L., 
 see CASTRAT. 
 
 SPARADRAPIER, s. m. : an apparatus for 
 the preparation of, SPARADRAP, s. m. : ad- 
 hesive plaster, spread upon linen, cotton, 
 or paper. 
 
 SPARGANOSE, s. f., ft g^ra^ya-iuin;, e-ra.^- 
 yuris, sparganosis, matnmarum e nimiS. 
 copialactis distensio, L., dasStrotzen der 
 Briiste von Milch, G.: etiam infantis invo- 
 lutio fasciis, L. 
 
 SpARTiON,s.m.: a genus, in Botany, Spar- 
 tium (Diadelphia, decandr. ; JLegummosce), 
 L., die Pfrieme, G., the Broom. The 
 green shoots, and, according to Dr. Pearson, 
 the seeds of the common species, S. scopari- 
 um, le Genet commun, F., die gemeine 
 Pfrieme, G., are powerfully diuretic. 
 
 SpASMEjS.m., n trvrtiffis, o <rfa.fp.os, spas- 
 mus, m. L., der Krampf, G., spasm : a 
 term, in Pathology, synon. with CONVUL- 
 SION ; but employed, by some writers, to 
 especially designate a lesion of contractili- 
 ty in the muscles of organic life ; as of the 
 bladder and intestines. SPASMODICIUE, adj., 
 ffvraffftu^vs, spasmodicus, L., krampf- 
 ahnlich,krampfhaft,kramprjg,G., spasm- 
 odic : caused, or characterized, by spasm. 
 Synon.withSpASTiauE. SpASMOLooiE,s.f., 
 spasmologia, f. (ffna.aft.ls, Xoyoy, a dis- 
 course), L.., die Lehre vom Krampf, G., 
 a Treatise upon Spasm. 
 
 SPATHACE, SPATHE, adj., spathaceus, 
 spathatus, L., bliithenscheidenartig, blii- 
 IhenscheidigjG., spathaceous : an epithet, 
 in Botany, generally designative of plants, 
 whose organs, as the spike of Calla, and ttm- 
 bel ofAllium, are enclosed by a. spatha, see 
 SPATHE : specifically, of those which, as 
 Iris spathacea, exhibit a conspicuous spatha, 
 or, as Erythrina spathacea, are furnished 
 with a spatha-like calyx. 
 
 SPATHE, s. f., * axiiQrt, spatha, f. L., 
 die Blumen-oder Bliithenscheide, G. : in 
 Botany 5 a/o/taceo5or membranous involucre ; 
 peculiar to monocotyledonous plants; and 
 composed of one or more broad leaves, or 
 bractese, which surround, or envelope, the 
 flowers. SpATHELLE,s.f., spathella,f.I.,., 
 das Bliithenscheidchen, G., small or 
 partial spatha : a term applied to each of the 
 pieces which constitute the glume of the 
 Gramineee ; and to the partial spathee which 
 sometimes accompany each flower of an as- 
 semblage enveloped by a general spatha. 
 
 SPATULE, s. f.: in Surgery, and Pharma- 
 cy, an instrument, spatula, f. L., n ffirdfa, 
 derSpatel, G., employed in spreading 
 ointment and plaster, and stirring up phar- 
 maceutical compounds : in Ornithology, a 
 genus of Grallatorial Birds, Platalea, L., 
 der Loffelreiher, G., the Spoonbill. 
 
 SPECIFIQUE, adj., specificus, L., spe- 
 cifisch, G.: an epithet employed, in Mater- 
 ia Medica, to designate such remedies, Re- 
 
 492 
 
 SPE 
 
 medes spccifiques, F., die Specifischen, G., 
 as exercise a certain and determinate in- 
 fluence upon particular diseases. Thus, 
 Mercury is regarded as a specific for Syphi- 
 lis ; and Sulphur, for Scabies. In Natural 
 History, the specific designation, der ge- 
 wohnliche Name, G., is the term, or epi- 
 thet which distinguishes the species of a ge- 
 nus. For its application to Physics, see 
 PESANTEUR. 
 
 SPECULUM, s. m. : a term borrowed from 
 the Latin, speculum, a mirror ; and employ- 
 ed, in Surgery, to designate certain instru- 
 ments, which are destined to dilate the en- 
 trance of divers cavities of the body, and 
 expose to view the parts, or organs, there- 
 in contained. Of these instruments, the 
 speculum ani, oris, et uteri, L., der After-, 
 Mund- und ~Muiterspiegel, G., constitute 
 the principal and most familiar examples. 
 
 SPERMACETI, s.: a fatty substance, der 
 Wallrath,G., see CETINE; obtained from 
 the cranium of theSpermacetiWhale, der 
 Kaschelott, Pottfisch, Wallrathfisch,G.,_ 
 see CACHALOT. 
 
 SpERMATio.uE,adj., ff#to[ta.rtx,o;, sper- 
 maticus,L., spermatisch.G., spermatic: 
 an epithet applied, in Anatomy, to parts, or 
 vessels, Vaisseaux spcrmaliques, die Sa- 
 jwengef asse, G., which are connected with 
 the secretion, or transmission, of the seminal 
 fluid, or sperm ; as, 1. two arteries, Arteres 
 spermatiques, -die StomeHSchlagadern, G., 
 branches of the abdominal aorta, some- 
 times of the renal arteries : distributed, in 
 the male, (art. testiculaires, Ch.), upon the 
 testes ; in the female, (art. de 1'ovaire), on 
 the ovaries : 2. Veins, vente spermaticte^L,.; 
 accompanying the arteries ; and terminat- 
 ing, on the right side, in the inferior cava ; 
 on the lef't,in the renal vein : 3. plexuses, 
 PI. spermatiques^ testiculaires, Ch.), PI. 
 spermatici, dexter et sinister, L., die Sa- 
 njengeflechte, G. ; supplied by the renal : 
 4. Excretory ducts, Canaux, ou Conduits 
 spermatiques, vasa deferentia, dieSamen- 
 leiter, S'amenabfuhrungsgange, G., see 
 DEFERENT : 5. the cord, Cordon sperma- 
 tique, enclosing ihespermatic vessels in the 
 male: and, 6. the whole series of passages, 
 Voies spermatiques, vise spermaticee, L.; 
 which serve for the excretion of the sperm. 
 See, also, SPERMATOZOAIRES. 
 
 SPEHMATOCELE, s. f, spermatocele, f. 
 (<r!T^a, sperm, *>ix>), a tumour), L., der 
 Samenbruch, G. : a term applied, by the 
 Ancients, to certain swellings of the testis ; 
 which they regarded as consequent on accu- 
 mulation of the seminal fluid in that organ. 
 
 SPERMATOLOGIE, s. f., spermatologia, 
 f. (fffi^a, Xayoj, a discourse), L., die Sa- 
 menlehre, G., spermatology : a Treatise 
 on the Seminal fluid. 
 
 SPERMATOPE, adj., spermatopneus, L. : 
 an epithet designative of aliments, or other
 
 SPH 
 
 remedies, samenbereitende Mittel, G., 
 which are calculated to augment the secre- 
 tion of the seminal fluid, by stimulating the 
 spermatopoietic organs, organa spermato- 
 peea, L., die Sa/newwerkzeuge, G. 
 
 SPERMATOPHAGE, adj., fri^xraifa'yas, 
 spermatophagus,L., samenfressend,G., 
 spermatophagous : an epithet, in Zoolo- 
 gy, synon. with GRANIVORE ; and SPERM- 
 OLOGE, adj., seed-gathering : Aves sperm- 
 ologee, L., die korner-fressenden Vogel, G. 
 
 SPERMATOTHEQUEjOU SPERMATHEQUE, 
 
 s. , spermatotheca, vel spermatheca, f. 
 (fffigpa,, semen, 6nx,n, a repository), L., 
 der Samenbehalter, G.: a hollow organ, at- 
 tached to the superior part of the oviduct 
 in female Insects; and destined to receive, 
 in coitu, and reserve for the fecundation of 
 the numerous ova, as they are successively 
 expelled, the seminal fluid of the male. It 
 communicates with the oviduct by a mi- 
 nute orifice., whose thickened margin per- 
 forms the office of a sphincter. 
 
 SpERMATOzoAiRES,s.m.,pl., Spermato- 
 zoa (a-xi^a., aov, an animal), L.., die Sa- 
 menthierchen, G., spermatic animalcula. 
 
 SpERMATORRHEE,s.f., spermatorrhoea, 
 f. (ffarsguo, p'ia, to flow), L., der Samen- 
 fluss, G.: Seminis incontinentia ; pollutio 
 diurna et nocturna, L., auch ein Ausfluss 
 des Samens aus einer Samenfistel,G. Con- 
 sequently,the term is synon. with SPERM- 
 ACRASIE, s. f., spermacrasia, f. (<rvie/*a, 
 xK^xa-ta, incontinence), L.; and with Go- 
 NORRHEE, in its legitimate application. 
 
 SPERME, s. m., TO trx-sapx, sperma, se- 
 men, n. L., das Samen, die Samenfeucht- 
 igkeit, G., sperm, seed : the seminal or fe- 
 cundating fluid of male animals; secreted 
 by the testes. 
 
 SPERMOLITHE, s. m., spermolithus,m. 
 (ffv!p.u, KiHos, a stone), L., spermolite : 
 in Oryctology, a fossil seed, die Samen- 
 versteinerung, versteinerler Pflanzen-iSa- 
 men, G. : in Pathology, the indurated con- 
 cretions found in the vesiculce seminales, 
 die harten Concremente, welche man in den 
 .St/wienblaschen fand, G. 
 
 SpERMOPHORE,s.m., spermophorus,m. 
 (ffvigftK, <p'i <>, to bear), L., der Samenhal- 
 ter,G.: a term applied, by Link, to the PLA- 
 CENTA of the pericarp of plants. 
 
 SpEHNiOLE,s.f.,/raJrfe<;reHOMt//e, Sper- 
 niola, f., sperma ranarum,L., der Frosch- 
 laich, G., frog-spawn : highly eulogized, 
 by sundry continental writers, more dis- 
 tinguished by credulity than experience, 
 for its refrigerant and cosmetic properties. 
 
 SPHACELE, s. m., o ir<fa.x.t\/t;, sphace- 
 lus, m. L.: a term employed, by some Pa- 
 thologists, as synon. with GANGRENE ; by 
 others, as especially designative of deep- 
 seated gangrene of a limb or organ. SPHA- 
 CELE,adj., sphacelated : attacked by ; a 
 <r$axiXi&!, a subject ofsphacelus. 
 
 493 
 
 SPH 
 
 SPHENO-BASILAIRE, adj., spheno-basi- 
 lar : an epithet employed, by Sommering, 
 to designate the sphenoid and occipital 
 bones ; which, from their union in adult 
 age, he describes as one bone, os spheno- 
 basilare, L. 
 
 SpHENO-E'piNEiix, adj., spheno-spin- 
 ous : an epithet employed, in Anatomy, to 
 designate, 1. an orifice, Trou spheno-epin- 
 eux, ou petit rond, foramen spheno-spino- 
 SMOT.LI., situated in basis cranii, anterior- 
 ly to the spinous process of the sphenoid 
 bone; and, 2. an artery, Artere sphcno-epi- 
 neuse,ou MENINGEE moyenne, arteria*pi- 
 nosa, L., die mittlere Hirnhautschlaga- 
 der, G.; which, supplied by the internal 
 maxillary, passes through the spinous ori- 
 fice in its way to the dura mater. 
 
 SPHENO-MAXILLAIHE, adj., spheno- 
 maxillary : an epithet applied, in Anato- 
 my, to a fissure, Fente spheno-maxillaire, 
 F., fissura spheno-maxillaris vel orbitalis 
 inferior, L.., die Keilbeinkieferspalte, G. ; 
 which, formed by the sphenoid, superior 
 maxillary, palate, and malar bones, exists 
 in the posterior part of the orbit, at the an- 
 gle of union of its internal and inferior pa- 
 ries: and, 2. a depression, Fosse spheno- 
 maxillaire, fossa spheno-maxillaris, L.; sit- 
 uated at the junction of the spheno- and 
 pterygo-maonllary fissures. 
 
 SpHENO-ORBiTAiRE,adj., spheno-orbi- 
 talis,L. : an epithet applied, by Beclard, to 
 the orbitar portion of the sphenoid bone ; 
 which he terms 1'Os spheno-orbitaire. 
 
 SPHENO-PALATIN, adj., spheno-palati- 
 nus, L., spheno-palatine, formed by, or 
 pertaining alike to, the sphenoid and palate 
 bones ; as, 1. a round orifice, Trouspheno- 
 palatin, F., foramen spheno-palatinum, L., 
 situated between the former and vertical 
 portion of the latter : 2. a muscle, Museu- 
 ms spheno-palalinus, of Cowper, M. Peris- 
 taphylin interne, of French Anatomists; and 
 Levator palati, of the British : 3. an artery, 
 Artere spheno-palatine, F., die Keilbein- 
 ^aumenschlagader, G.; constituting the ter- 
 mination of the internal maxillary ; and 
 passing to the nasal fossae through the ori- 
 fice of like name; 4. anervous ganglion, G. 
 spheno-palatin, ou de Meckel ( spheno'idal, 
 Ch.), der Keilbeingaumcn- oder Nasenkno- 
 ten ; situated externally to that orifice, in 
 the ptery go-maxillary fissure; and sending 
 off, 5. several nerves, Nervi spheno-pala- 
 tini, L., die Keilbeingaumennerven, G.,_ 
 for distribution on the nasal fossae. 
 
 SpHENO-PARiETAL,adj., spheno-parie- 
 talis, L. : an epithet correctly designative 
 of the suture, S. spheno-parietale, F., . 
 which unites the extremity of the greater 
 wing of the sphenoid with the anterior in- 
 ferior angle of the parietal bone. 
 
 SPHENO-PTERVGO-PALATIN, SPHEITO- 
 SALPINGO-STAPHYLIN, s. m., and adj.,
 
 SPH 
 
 spheno-pterygo-palatinuSjSpheno-salpingo- 
 staph ylinus, L. : epithets applied, respect- 
 ively, by Cowper, and Winslow, todrcum- 
 flexus palati muscle, see PERISTAPHYLIN, 
 externe ; from its attachments. 
 
 SPHENO-TEMPORAL, adj., spheno-tem- 
 poralis, L.: an epithet applied, in Anato- 
 my, 1. by Be'clard, in his Memoire surPOs- 
 teose. to the posterior portion of the bod}' of 
 the sphenoid; which, developed by two 
 points of ossification, he describes as a dis- 
 tinct bone, Yos spheno-lemporal: and, 2. the 
 suture, S.spheno-temporalc, formed by the 
 articulation of the greater wing of sphenoid 
 with thesquamous portionoftewpora/bone. 
 
 SpHENoi'DAL,adj., sphenoidalis,L. : per- 
 taining to, or connected with, the sphenoid 
 bone; as, 1. certain delicate and convoluted 
 lamellae of bone, CORNETS spheno'idaitx, 
 die .K>t#>emh6rnchen, G. ; situated between 
 the sphenoid and ethmoid bones : 2. spines, 
 E 'pines spheno'idales ; one of which, a., 
 existing on the inferior surface of the sphe- 
 noidjs articulated with the vomer;and the 
 other, b. a triangular process (Apophyse 
 sous-temporale, Ch.), is situated posterior- 
 ly to the foramen spheno-spinosum : 3. a 
 fissure, Fente sphcno'idale ou orbitaire su- 
 perieure, fissura sphenoidalis vel orbitalis 
 superior, L., die.Kei/feraspalte,G., plac- 
 ed in the orbit, between the greater and 
 lesser wings of the sphenoid, and forming a 
 communication with the cranium : and, 4. 
 two sinuses, Sinus sphenoidaux, s. sphen- 
 oidales,!^., die A"ei#>einhohlen,G.; hollow- 
 ed in the substance of the sphenoid bone ; 
 and communicating with the nasal fossae. 
 
 SPHENO'IDE, s. m., and adj., npnvoiifos, 
 sphenodes, sphenoides, L., keilformig, 
 G., sphenoid : a term applied, in Anato- 
 my,to an azygous bone, Os spheno'idale,Y., 
 sphenoides, L., das Keilbein, G., of 
 wedge-like figure; situated in basis cranii, 
 on the mesial line ; and articulated with all 
 the other cranial, and several of the facial 
 bones. Its union with the occipital, in the 
 human adult, is so perfect that they appa- 
 rently constitute one bone, see SPHENO- 
 BASILAIRE. The sphenoid, le Spheno'ide, 
 
 F., isdeveloped from ten or twelve points 
 
 of ossification. 
 
 SPHINCTER, s. m. F., et L., a ff/piyxr'^, 
 der Sphinkter, G. : a term applied, in A- 
 natomy, to certain muscles; whose function 
 consists in closing the natural orifices which 
 they respectively surround. The princi- 
 pal sphincter muscles, in Man, are, 1. those 
 of the anus, M. sph. de Fanus externe, et 
 interne, Sph. ani externus et internus,L., 
 
 ausserer undinnerer After schliesser,G.i 
 
 2. of the lips, Sph. des levres, Sph.oris, 
 see OHBICCLAIRE ; 3 of the eye-lids, 
 see PALPEBRAL; 4. of the vagina, CON- 
 STRICT EUR; 5. of the bladder, Sph.de 
 la vessie,Sph. vesioe, der SchUessmusk.- 
 
 494 
 
 SPI 
 
 el der Blase, G. The term, Sph. faux de 
 la vessie, spurious sphincter of the blad- 
 der, has, also, been applied.by Morgagni, 
 to the anterior fibres of Lecator ant; as ca- 
 pable of constricting, in their contraction, 
 the neck of the bladder, beneath which they 
 pass: and that of Sph. de gosier, by Cowper, 
 to the Constricfores pharyngis muscles. 
 
 SpHYGMiQUE,adj., fftpuy/u.iKos, sphyg- 
 micus, L., zum Pulse gehorig, G., per- 
 taining to the pulse: Art sphygmique, F., 
 ars, vel doctrina, sphygmica, L., die Puls- 
 lehre, G., the knowledge, or doctrine, of 
 the pulse. 
 
 SpHYGMOCEPHALEjS.m., sphygmoceph- 
 alus, m. L. : a sense of throbbing or pulsa- 
 tion, fftf>wyft,os, in the head, xttpx^ti. 
 
 SPHYGMOGRAPHIE, s. f., F., and G., 
 sphygmographia, f. (<r<fvy^os,the pulse, ypa.- 
 <fea, to describe),L., die Bcschreibung des 
 Pufses,G., description ofthepulse. SPHYG- 
 MOMETREjS.m., sphygmometrum (same, 
 and ^TSV, a measure), L., der Pulsmesser, 
 G., sphygmometer : an instrument des- 
 tined to measure the force, and frequency, 
 of the cardiac and arterial pulsations. 
 
 SPIGELIE, s. f. : a genus, in Botanyj.S'jw- 
 aelia ( Pentandria, monogyn.; Gentianea), 
 L., die Spigelie, G., Worm-grass; com- 
 prizing two American species, S. anthel- 
 mia,etmanlandica, which ha% r ebeen highly 
 eulogized for their anthelminthic properties. 
 
 SPILANTHE, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Spilanthes(Syngenesia,cequaL ; Corymbifera>), 
 Li.; of which one species, see CRESSON, 
 employed in dict,is acrid and antiscorbutic. 
 
 SPILOME, s. m., ro yx'^ta /*,,, spiloma, 
 n. L,.: literally, a spot or stain, der Fleck, 
 Schmutz.G.; but employed, in Pathology, 
 to designates variety of Neevus, the Spi- 
 lus, of Willan and Bateman. 
 
 SPINA BIFIDA : a term borrowed, from 
 the Latin, to designate a congenital malfor- 
 mation, or defect, gespaltener Ruckgrat, 
 G., of the spinal column, see HYDRORA- 
 CHIS. Sp. ventosa : a disease of the osseous 
 system, seeARTHROCACE, in which the 
 tissue of the bone exhibits the appearance 
 of distension by a gaseous fluid. 
 
 SPINAL, adj., spinalis, L. : pertaining to 
 the spine or vertebral column; as, 1. the 
 Spinal arteries, Arteres spinales anteri- 
 eures et posterieures, ( mddianes ante'r. et 
 posteV. du rachis, Ch.),F., arterise spinales 
 anteriores et posteriores, L., die vorderen 
 und hinteren .Ructemar&schlagadern, G. ; 
 which, supplied by the vertebral, descend 
 along the anterior and posterior surfaces of, 
 2. the spinal cord, MOELLE spinale,ouepi- 
 niere : and, 3. a nerve, Nerf spinal, ou on- 
 xiemepaire encephalique, see NERF ; more 
 commonly known as the accessory of the 
 
 pneumogastric, see ACCESSOIRE ; and, 
 
 from its origin in the spinal cord, progress 
 through the cranium, and final distribution
 
 SPL 
 
 on the Trapeziusmuscle,desi.gnated, by Por- 
 
 tal, le JVerfSPlNI-CHANIO-TRAPEZIEX. 
 SPINO-AXOIDO-OCCIPITAL, SPINI-AxOl- 
 
 DO-TRACHELI-ATLOIDIEN, s. in., and adj., 
 spini-axoido-occipitalis, et -tracheli-atloi- 
 deus, L.. : terms applied, respectively, by 
 Dumas, to Rectus posticus major , and Obli- 
 quus inferior capitis, muscles, see DROIT, 
 et OBLIQUE ; from their attachments. 
 
 SPIRACULE, s. m., spiraculum, n. L., 
 das Luf'tloch, G., spiracle: the respira- 
 ratory pore, or stigma, see STIGMATE, of 
 certain Articulated Animals. 
 
 SPIRAL, adj., spiralis, L., spiralfor- 
 mig, schraubenformig, G. : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Zoology, and Botany, to, gene- 
 rally, designate the organs of animals, and 
 plants; which, as the spiral tongue of the Le- 
 pidoptera, die Spiralzunge der Schmetter- 
 linge, G., and the spiral vessels, vasa spi- 
 ralia, L., of plants, are convoluted like a 
 watch-spring : and, specifically, animals, 
 and plants, themselves ; whose organs, as 
 the shell of Cerithium spiratum, the leaf, 
 das <S^traZblatt, G., of Drosera , and pe- 
 duncle of the female plant ofVallisneria spi- 
 
 SPIROIDE, adj., spiroides, L,., spiroid : 
 an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to the a- 
 queduct, Canal spiro'ide, of Fallopius, 
 Fallopischer Kanal, G., see AauEDuc. 
 
 SPLANCHNIQUE, adj., irtrXay^nxoj, 
 splanchnicus, L. : containing, or distribut- 
 ed on, the viscera, ra. yjrXa.ywa. ; as, I. the 
 three great splanchnic cavities, les Cavites 
 splanchniques, F., cava splanchnica, L., 
 of the cranium, thorax, and abdomen : and 
 2. Nerves, Nervi splanchnic!,^. ; the great- 
 er of which, a. Ncrf grand splanchniqiie, 
 grosser Eingeweidenerv, G., takes its ori- 
 gin from the 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and some- 
 times 10th thoracic ganglia : and the lesser, 
 b., N. petit splachn.( petit surre'nal, Ch.), 
 kleiner Einaeweidenerv, from the 10th 
 and llth thoracic ganglia. 
 
 graphi 
 
 describe), 
 
 schreibung der Eingeweide,G., Splanchno- 
 
 graphy: anatomicalcfescr//>//on of theviscera. 
 
 SPLANCHNOLITHIASE, s. f, splanchno- 
 lithiasis, f. L. : the development of a calcu- 
 lous concretion, SPLANCHNOHTHE, s. m., 
 splanchnolithus, m. (o-frXay^^v, \l6at, a 
 stone), L., Eingeweidestein, m. G., in 
 any of the viscera. 
 
 SpLANCHXOLOGiE,s.f., splanchnologia, 
 f. (trf^tiy^vav, hoyof, a discourse), L-, die 
 Splanchnologie, Eingeweidenlehre, G., 
 Splanchnology : an anatomical Treatise on 
 theviscera; as theexcellent TraitedeSplanch- 
 nologic, of Gavard ; 8vo. Paris, 1809. In 
 like manner, also, SPLANCHNOSCOPIE, and 
 SPLAXCHNOTOMIE, feminine compounds of 
 (rirXay^vav, with ffxavw, to survey, and T- 
 
 495 
 
 SPL 
 
 p, incision, are employed, by the French, 
 to designate anatomicale.rajna#0,and</<*. 
 section, of the viscera : and may be latinize//, 
 and anglicized, by conversion of the final e 
 into a,and ie into y ; and germanizedhy the 
 prefix of the feminine article, die, without 
 such conversion. 
 
 SPLENALGIE, s. f., splenalgia, fl (<rvXw, 
 the spleen, aXyos, pain), L., die Splenal- 
 gie, der Milzschmerz, G., pain in the 
 spleen ; constituting the ninth genus of the 
 Choloses, see CHOLOSE, of the Nosologic 
 Naturelle, of Alibert. SPLENEMPHRAXIE, 
 s.f., splenemphraxis,f. (same, and (f*<pga%is, 
 obstruction), L., die Ueberfullung der 
 Milz, Milzgeschwullst, G., congestion, or 
 tumefaction, of the spleen. 
 
 SpLEXidUE,adj., trvlvvixos, splenicus, 
 L. : belonging to, or acting on, the spleen, 
 see RATE ; as, in Anatomy, the splenic 
 artery, Artercsplenique,f., dieA/j'/zschla- 
 gader, G., and win, Vena splenica, L., 
 die 3/ifeblutader ; the former, a branch of 
 the coeliac trunk ; the latter, uniting, with 
 the superior mesenteric, to constitute the 
 abdominal vena portarum : Z.nnervous plex- 
 us, PLsplenique, dasAftfegeflecht, sup- 
 plied by the coeliac : in Materia Medica, 
 
 remedies, TO. <rir\wiKa., die ^WVfomittel, 
 
 employed for the cure of splenic diseases. 
 
 SPLENITE, s. f., - splenitis,lienisinflam- 
 matiOjf.L., die A//zentziindung,G., in- 
 flammation of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENIUS, s. m. F., et L. : a term em- 
 ployed, in Anatomy, to designate a muscle, 
 M. splenius ( CERVICO-MASTOIDIEJT, 
 Ch.), of the posterior cervical region; from 
 its resemblance to a strap, splenium, n. !.,., 
 Riemen,m.G. Attached, by its internal 
 border, to the spinous processes of the first 
 five dorsal and seventh cervical vertebrze, 
 and inferior partof the posteriorcervical li- 
 gament,it is inserted,above,into the trans- 
 verse processes of the first two cervical ver- 
 tebrae, into the mastoid process of the tem- 
 poral, and posterior surface of the occipital, 
 bone. By some Anatomists, it is described 
 as two distinct muscles, under the designa- 
 tions of Splenius Colli, and Capitis,!^., der 
 
 Bausch- oder.Riefliemuskeldes H alses.und 
 des Kopfs, G. 
 
 SPLENOCELE, s. f., splenocele, f. (<?**.**, 
 the spleen, *x, hernia), der Milzbruch, 
 G., hernia of the spleen. 
 
 SPLENOGRAPHIE, s. f >r splenographia, 
 f. (yr^riv, yqu.Qu, to describe),! A , die Be- 
 schreibunff&er Milz,G., an anatomical de- 
 scriptionot :SpLENOLOGiE,s.f., splenolo- 
 
 gia, f. (same, and Xoyos, a discourse), L,., 
 
 die Lehre von der Milz,G., a Treatise up- 
 on, the spleen. 
 
 SpjLENONCiE,s.f., splenoncus,m.(-;rxv, 
 the spleen, oyxos, a tumour),L., die Milz- 
 geschwullst, G., tumour , nearly synon. 
 with SPLENOPARECTASIE, s. f., splenopa-
 
 SQU 
 
 rectama, n. L., eine ubermiissigeAuadeh- 
 nung der Milss, G., inordinate distension, 
 morbid increase of volume, of the spleen. 
 
 SpifcNOPHRAXiE, s. f., splenophraxia, 
 f. L.: a term synon. with SPLENEMPHRAX- 
 IE ; and constituting the title of the ele- 
 venth genus of the Choloses, in the JVoso- 
 logie Naturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 SPLENORRHAGIE, s. f., splenorrhagia, 
 f. (a-5rXjv, the spleen, fvyvvpi, to burst out), 
 L., der Milzblutfluss, G., haemorrhage 
 from the spleen. SpLENOTOMiE,s.f., sple- 
 notomia, f. (same, and r/>^, incision), L., 
 die Zerlegung&er Milz,G., anatomical dis- 
 section of the spleen. 
 
 SPONDYLALGIE, s. f., spondylalgia, f. 
 (<ro-ovSfX,-, a vertebra, Xyj, pain),L., der 
 Wirbelschmerz, Schmerz in den Rucken- 
 wirbeln, G., pain in the vertebra. SPOX- 
 
 DYLARTHROCACE, S. f. (-!TavSyX;, a^gav, a 
 
 joint, x.a.xov, evil), F., etL., dieCariesder 
 Ruckenwirbel,G., caries of the articulations 
 . SPONDYLITE, s. f., spondylitis,f.L/., 
 inflammation of the vertebral column. 
 
 SFONGIEUX, adj., ffrtoyyoiiSiis, spongi- 
 osus,L., schwammig.G., spongy .sponge- 
 like : exhibiting the structure, or proper- 
 ties, of sponge. 
 
 SroRADrauE, adj., ffvo^ixos, sporad- 
 icus, L., sporadisch, G., sporadic, scat- 
 tered, dispersed : an epithet applied to dis- 
 eases, a.1 voffm ffvtoQa.'&ix.tt.}, morbi sporadici, 
 L., die sporadischen Krankheiten, G., 
 which attack man individually, and inde- 
 pendently of season and situation. Hence 
 directly opposed, in signification, to EN- 
 DEMIQUE, and EpiDEMiauE. 
 
 SPORANGE, s. f., sporangium, n. (<rr, 
 seed, ayytltni, avessel),L., die Keimkorn- 
 kapsel, G. : in Botany, the membranous ve- 
 sicle or capsule, which contains the spo- 
 rules, see SPORE, of many cryptogam- 
 ous plants, as the Uredinea; according to 
 Hedwig, the urn of the Mosses. 
 
 SPORE, s.f, spora,f.L., derKeimkorn, 
 G. : a term applied, by Hedwig, to the re- 
 productivecor/mscfeswhich are contained in 
 theurnot the Mosses; and, byother Botan- 
 ists, to those of all the cryptogamous 
 which fulfil the same office as the seeds of 
 phanerogamous plants. SPORULE, s. f., 
 sporula,fl L. : synon. with SPORE. 
 
 SdUAME, s. f, see ECAILLE. SQUAM- 
 Eux,adj.: an epithet, in its applications to 
 Anatomy, Zoology, and Botany, syn.with 
 E'CAII-LEUX. Designative, in Pathology, 
 of morbid affections of the skin, Maladies 
 cutanees ecailleuses, F. ; which, characteriz- 
 ed by the detachment of the epidermis, 
 constitute the Order, Squama, of the Cuta- 
 neous Diseases, of Willan. 
 
 SauARREUx, adj., squarrosus, JL., 
 sparrig, G., rough, unpleasant to the 
 touch ; as, in Botany, the involucre of Cni- 
 cits cernuus, and leaf of Cullumia squarrosa. 
 
 496 
 
 STA 
 
 SQUELETTE, s. in., TO a-xs/urov, more 
 properly, a dried body or mummy, scele- 
 ton, n., sceletus, m.L., das Skelet,Knoch- 
 engerust, die Gerippe, G., skeleton : in 
 Anatomy, the assemblage of all the bones 
 of the body of a vertebrated animal. Sq. 
 naiurel : a skeleton in which the bones are 
 united by their proper ligaments : artifici- 
 el: one wherein the bones are artificially 
 put together. In Comparative Anatomy, 
 the hard envelope of Articulated Animals 
 is termed the exterior skeleton: and, in Bo- 
 tany, the designation is applied to the more 
 solid and imperishable parts of the organs 
 of plants; as thereticular tissue of the leaf. 
 
 SCHTELETTOLOGIE, s. f, sceletologia, f. 
 (ffx&irov, Xoyf,a discourse),L. : a Treatise 
 upon : SQ.UELETTOPEE, s. f., sceleto- 
 poea, f. (same, and voiiu, to make), L. : the 
 art of constructing skeletons. 
 
 SQUINANCIE, s. f., see ANGINE. 
 
 SdUIRRHEjOU SciRRHEjS.m., a ffxippot, 
 
 scirrhus, m. L., der Skirrhus, G. : in Pa- 
 thology.an indurated and indolenttumour, 
 ordinarily without discoloration of the in- 
 tegument ; constituting the first stage of 
 cancer. SQUIRRHEUX, adj., a-Ki^^ns, 
 scirrhosus, L., skirrhos, G., scirrhous : 
 affected with, or exhibiting the characters 
 of, scirrhus. 
 
 SQUIRROGASTRIE, s- f., scirrhogastria, 
 f. L.: scirrhous degeneration of the stomach. 
 yao-rjjg; constituting the llth genus of 
 Gastroses, in NosologleNaturelle, of Alibert. 
 
 STADE, s. m., stadium, n. (oWS/ov, a 
 measure of road), L., stage : in Patholo- 
 gy, the period, or degree, of a disease, die 
 Periode, oder der Grad einer Krankheit,G.; 
 also, one of the three periods which charac- 
 terize the paroxysm of intermittent and 
 remittent fever. 
 
 STAHLIEN, s. m., and adj. : a term em- 
 ployed to designate the partisans, Me.de- 
 cins stahliens, F., Medici stahliani, L., 
 of the once fashionable doctrine, STAHLI- 
 ANISME.S. m., Stahlianismus, m. L., and 
 G., of the celebrated Stahl. 
 
 STAMINE, STAMINEUX, adj., stamine- 
 us, staminosus, L., an epithet specifically 
 designative of plants ; which as Cynoglossum 
 stamineum, are distinguished, from their 
 congeners, by the possession of very long 
 stamens. STAMINIFERE, adj., staminife- 
 rus, L., staminiferous : bearing stamens ,-as 
 male flowers in general,and, especially, the 
 nectary, nectarium slaminiferum, L., of 
 Cneorum tricoccum. 
 
 STAPEDIEK, s.m.,et adj., Stapedius,L,. : 
 a term applied to the muscle of the Stapes, 
 Muskel des Steigbugels,G., E'TRIER. 
 
 STAPISLIE, s.f.: a genus, in Botany.S'/a- 
 pelia (Pentandria, digyn. ; Apocyncce,) Ij. ; 
 containing numerous species, natives of the 
 Cape of Good Hope. The Hottentots feed 
 upon the root of S. incarnafa.
 
 STE 
 
 STAPHISAIGRE, s. f. : in Botany, a spe- 
 cies, belonging to genus, Delphinium, see 
 DAUPHINELLE. The acrid and violently 
 drastic seeds of D- staphysagria, <rraipJj ay. 
 g/a, of Dioscorides ?, -das L'dusekraut,G ., 
 are employed, in powder, as indicated by 
 the German synonym, for destroying lice. 
 
 STAPHYLIN, adj., staphylinus, L. : an 
 epithet applied, by Winslow, to a muscle, 
 M. staphylin moyen, see PALATO-STAPHY- 
 LIN ; as pertaining to the uvula, o-Taipt/x*). 
 STAFHYLINO-PHARYNGIEN, s. m., et adj., 
 staphylino-pharyngeus, L. : by Mor- 
 gagni, to the Muscle Palato-pharyngien, of 
 modern French Anatomists. 
 
 STAPHYLOME, s. m., ra ffraipfaufia, 
 staphyloma.n. I,., das Staphyloma,Trau- 
 benauge,G. : in Ophthalmic Pathology, the 
 generic designation of various tumours de- 
 veloped on the anterior surface of the eye- 
 ball. Three species of staphyloma, S. de la 
 cornee, de la sdcrotique,et efer/ns,aredis- 
 tinguished by French pathological writers. 
 
 STAPHYLONCIE, s. f., staphyloncia, f., 
 staphyloncus, m. (<rraq>u).ri, the uvula, ey- 
 
 x3,-,swelling),L dieZapfchengeschwullst, 
 
 G., tumefaction of the uvula. 
 
 STASE, s. f., fi yraffis, stasis, f. L., der 
 Stillstand, die Stockung, G., stagnation of 
 the blood or animal humours. 
 
 STATION, s. f., h trraffn, statio, f. L. : 
 in Physiology, the action, der Stand, G., 
 of standing on foot : in Zoology, and Bo- 
 tany, the favourite haunt, or place of growth, 
 die Stellung, der Standort, G., the ha- 
 bitation (not habitat, a vulgar and execra- 
 ble abbreviation) of animals, and plants. 
 
 STEARATE, s. m., stearas, n.L.: inChe- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, talgsaure Salze, 
 G., resulting from the combination of 
 stearic acid with salifiable bases. Thisacid, 
 Acide stearique, die Talgsaure, is ob- 
 tained by the action of alcalis upon, STE- 
 ARiNE,s.f., stearina, f. L., das Talgfett, 
 G. : that portion of the fatty oils ; which, 
 less fusible than the other, and resembling 
 suet, remains solid at the ordinary temper- 
 ature of the atmosphere. 
 
 STEATOCELE, s.f., steatocele, f. (a-Tsaj, 
 fat or suet, xfav, swelling), L., der Fett- 
 bruch, Speckbruch,G., a suet-like tumour, 
 stcaloma, of the scrotum. 
 
 STEATOME, s. m., TO <rriaru/tcc, steato- 
 ma, n. L., das Steatom, der Speck- oder 
 Fettgeschwullst, G.: an encysted tumour, 
 containing a substance of the consistence of 
 suet. STEATOMATEux,adj., steatomato- 
 sus, L., steatomatous: exhibiting the na- 
 ture of ; STEATOMATODE, adj., steato- 
 matodes, L. : resembling steatoma. 
 
 STEGNOSE, s. f., f> trriytuf^, stegnos- 
 is,f. L., constriction, constipation. STEG- 
 
 NOTIQUE,adj., Stegnotic:<r /rnyvuTixx, 
 
 remedia slegnotica, L,., zusammenzlehende 
 Mittel, G., astringent remedies. 
 
 497 
 
 STE 
 
 STEIROSE, s. f., trru^ue-is, steirosis, f. 
 L., synon. with STERILITE. 
 
 STENOCARDIE, s. f., stenocardia, f. (an- 
 *os, strait or constricted, *jS/', the heart), 
 angina pectoris, L., die Brustbraune,G., 
 see ANGINE. 
 
 STENOCHORIE, s. f., ft <rriya^u^a, sten- 
 ochoria, f. L..: literally, narrowness of space; 
 but employed, by modern Pathologists, to 
 designate contraction of the vagina, die Ve- 
 rengerung der Mutterscheide, G. 
 
 STENOPYHE, s. f., see STHENOPYRE. 
 
 STE"NOSTENOSE, STENOSTEGMOSE, s. f., 
 stenostenosis vel -stegmosis, f. L.: con- 
 traction, frivuirts, of the parotid or Steno- 
 nian duct, die Verengerung des Ductus 
 Stenonianus, G. 
 
 STERCORAL, adj., stercorarius,L. : : per- 
 taining to, or connected with, excrement, 
 stercus, L.; as stercoral abscess, and fistula, 
 Abces stercoral, et Fistule stercorale,Y., 
 der Kothabscess, und die Kothfistel, G. 
 
 STERILE, adj., sterilis, Ij., ayaves, 
 unfruchtbar, G., barren. STERILITE, s. f., 
 sterilitas, f. Ij., seeAooNiE: the condi- 
 tion of animator plant, which is incapableof 
 procreating its species, or producing fruit. 
 
 STERNAL, adj., sternalis, L.: pertain- 
 ing to, or connected with, the sternum; as 
 the true or sternal ribs, see COTE ; and 
 the sternal extremity of the clavicle, see 
 CLAVICTJLE. 
 
 STERNALGIE, s. f., sternalgia, f. (<rr't- 
 vav, sternum, cixyos, pain), I..., der Brust- 
 schmerz, G. Synon. with STENOCARDIE. 
 
 STERNO-CLAVICULAIRE, adj., sterno- 
 clavicularis, L., stern o-clavicular: an ep- 
 ithet designative of the articulation, das 
 Brustbeinschlusselgelenk,G., which exists 
 between the sternum and clavicle. 
 
 STERNO-CLAVI-(OU CLEIDO-) MASTOID- 
 IEN, s. m.,et adj., Sterno-clavi- (vel cleido-) 
 mastoideus, L.. : a term employed to desig- 
 nate a cervical muscle ( STERNO-M ASTOI- 
 DIEN, Ch.), der Kopfnicker, G. ; from its 
 attachments to the sternum, clavicle, and 
 mastoid process of the temporal bone. 
 
 STEHNO-COSTAL, adj., sterno-costalis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to Tri- 
 angularis sterni, muscle, TRIANGUL AIHE ; 
 from its attachments : and, by German An- 
 atomists, to the articulations, Art. sterno- 
 costales,F., d\eBrustbeinrippengelenke,G., 
 which exist between the sternum and cos- 
 tae ver<p, see COTE. 
 
 STERNO-COSTO-CLAVI-HUMERAL, adj., 
 
 sterno-costo-clavi-humeralis, L.: a term 
 applied, by Dumas, to the Pcctoralis major, 
 muscle, PECTORAL; from its attachments. 
 
 STERNODYNiE,s.f., sternodynia,f.(<rr6o- 
 vav, the sternum ,Swv, pain),L. Synon. with 
 STEHNALGIE. 
 
 STERNO-HUSIERAL, adj., sterno-hum- 
 eralis,L. : a term applied, by Chaussier, to 
 Pectoralis major, muscle, see PECTORAL. 
 
 2H
 
 ST1 
 
 STERNO-HYOiDiEN,s.m.,andadj., ster- 
 no-hyoideus,L.: a muscle of the neck, der 
 Brustzunc/enbeinmuskel, G. ; so designated, 
 from its attachments to the superior part 
 of the sternum, and inferior border of body 
 of the hyoid bone. 
 
 STERNO-MASTOIDIEN, s. m.,and adj., 
 sterno-mastoideus, L., see STERNO-CLA- 
 
 VI-MASTO'lDIEN. Sl'ERNO-PuBIEN, S. m., 
 
 and adj., sterno-pubianus, L. : a term ap- 
 plied, byChaussier,tothe.Rec/w* abdominis, 
 muscle, see DROIT. STERNO-THYROID- 
 iEN,s.m.,and adj., sterno-thyreoideus,L. : 
 a cervical muscle, der Brustbeinschildmus- 
 kel, G. ; so named, from its attachments to 
 the posterior surface of theser/mm,and the 
 external oblique line of the fhyroidcarti\age. 
 
 STERNUM, m. F., n. L., TO <rrt^va, 
 das Brustbein, G., breast-bone : in Anat- 
 omy, an azygous, symmetrical bone; con- 
 stituting the anterior paries of the thoracic 
 cavity in Man. It presents an anterior or 
 cutaneous, and posterior or mediastinal, 
 surface ; and a superior or clavicular, and in- 
 ferior or abdominal, extremity : articulat- 
 ed, laterally, with the clavicle and the se- 
 ven superior, hence named sternal, ribs; and 
 developed, according to Be'clard,by six prin- 
 cipal bones; which he designates, from their 
 disposition, YOsprimi- ou clam-sternal, duo-, 
 tri-, quarti-, quinti-, et ultimi- ou ensi- ster- 
 nal. See, also, ENSIFORME. 
 
 STERNUTATOIRE, adj., sternutatorius, 
 L. : synon. with PTARMIQUE. 
 
 STERTEUR,S. f., stertor, m. L. : synon. 
 with RONFLEMENT. STERTOREUX, adj., 
 stertorous: exhibiting, as.ffesp!>a<io ster- 
 toreuse, F., the character of stertor. 
 
 ST fcTHOScoPE, s. m., stethoscopium, n. 
 (<rrri6os, the breast, rxoviu, to examine), L., 
 das Stethoskop, G. : an instrument, first 
 employed, by Laennec, see his work De 
 V Auscultation Mediate, 8vo. Paris, for exa- 
 mining the condition of the thoracic organs, 
 in the living state. 
 
 STHENIE,S., sthenia,f.(ir^vof .strength, 
 power), L., die Kraft, Starke, G. : excess 
 of rigidity of the animal tissues : excess of 
 organic action ; undue exaltation of the 
 phenomena of life. STHENKIUE, adj., 
 sthenicus, L., sthenisch, G., sthenic : 
 exhibiting the characters of, or induced, as 
 sthenic or inHammatory fever, STHENO- 
 PYRE, s. f., sthenopyra, f. L., sthenische 
 oder synochische Fieber, G., by, sthenia. 
 
 STIGMATE, s. m., stigma, n. L.: in Zo- 
 ology, the designation of the series of mi- 
 nute pores, ra. trriyuara,, stigmata,vel spi- 
 racula, L.., die Luftlocher, G.; which, ar- 
 ranged along the sides of the body of the 
 Myriapoda, Insecta, and Tracheary Arach- 
 nida, see TRACK fcEV, constitute the ori- 
 fices of the tracheae, or respiratory tubes : 
 in Botany, an organ, die Narbe, G., sit- 
 uated upon the summit of the ovary, or of 
 498 
 
 STO 
 
 the style, when it exists; and destined to 
 receive from the anther of the male, and 
 transmit to the germen or ovary of the fe- 
 male, the pollen or fecundating principle. 
 
 STIMULANT, adj., stimulans, L,., rei- 
 zend,G. : an epithet designative,in Materia 
 Medica, of remedies, slimvlantia, L., die 
 7tei#mittel, G. ; which are calculated to sti- 
 mulate, or excite, the organic action of the 
 various systems of the animal economy. 
 STIMULATION, s. f., stimulatio, f. L., 
 die Reizung, der Reiz, G. : the action of 
 stimulants ; condition of a slimti lated tissue. 
 
 STIMULEUX, adj., stimulosus, L., 
 brennhaarig, brennborstig, G. ; furnished 
 with minute stinging hairs, STIMULES, s. 
 m. pi., stimuli, vel pili urentes, L.., die 
 Brennhaare, oder -spitzen,G.; as the leaf of 
 Urtica urens. 
 
 STIPE, s. m., stipes, m. L., derStrunk, 
 G. : in Botany, 1. the ligneous stem of mo- 
 nocotyledonous arborescent plants ; which, 
 as that of the Palmx, der Stamm der Pal- 
 men, G., terminates, above, in a tuft of 
 leaves : 2. the stem or shaft, Stamm der 
 Pilze, sustaining the pileus of certain 
 Fungi: and, 3. the cylindrical process, der 
 Stiel, which the Cypsele of divers Synan- 
 thereee exhibits, above the part occupied by 
 the seed. STIPELLE, s. f., stipella, f. L,., 
 das Nebenbliittchen, G. : a stipule, attach- 
 ed to the petiolule, at the base of the leaf- 
 let, of a compound leaf. STIPEI.LE, adj., 
 stipellatus, L. : furnished, as the partial pe- 
 tioleofsomecompoundleaves,withasri/>e > //0. 
 
 STIPIFORME, adj., stipiformis, L., 
 
 strunkfdrmig, G., stipiform : resembling 
 a stipe. STiriTfc, adj., stipitatus, L,., 
 gestrunkt, G. : supported on a. stipe ; as the 
 seed of Be His stipitata. 
 
 STIPULE, s. f., stipula, f. L., das Ach- 
 selblatt, Nebenblatt, Blattansatz, G. : in 
 Botany, a membranous or foliaceous appen- 
 dage, inserted at the base of certain leaves. 
 STIPULE, adj., achsel-, nebenblattrig, G.: 
 furnished with stipules ; as Pultentea stipu- 
 laris. STIPULEUX, adj., stipulosus, L. : 
 exhibiting, as Splraa stipulata, large stipules. 
 
 STOLON, s. m., stolo, m. L., der Aus- 
 laufer, die Wurzelsprosse, G., root-shoot: 
 in Botany ,iheslen(\ershoot,or creeper, which 
 certain plants send out from root, stem, or 
 branch ; and which, taking root at a distance, 
 produce fresh plants. STOLONiFERE,adj., 
 wurzelsprossend,G., stoloniterousrpro- 
 ducing runners; as Agrostis stolonifera. 
 
 STOMACACE, s. m., F., f. L., fi f<ro/t&- 
 xaxn, die Mundfaule, der Scorbut des 
 Mundes, G., fetid ulceration , scurvy 
 of the mouth. 
 
 STOMACAL,STOMACHIQUE,adj., ffri>p.et%- 
 
 ixos, stomachalis, stomachicus, L., sto- 
 machic : pertaining to, involving, or geni- 
 al to, the stomach ; as the gastric vessels, 
 die Magengef&sse, G.;
 
 STR 
 
 morbusstomachicus, L.; stomachicremeiMes, 
 TO. a-rafix^iKK, die^/a^enmitteljG. STO- 
 MACALGIE, s. f., stomacha\gia,f.(<rrop.K%os, 
 the stomach, ii^-yo;, pain), L,., derMagen- 
 schmerz, G., pain in the stomach. 
 
 STOMALGIEjS.f., <rraftaX>yiec, Stomal- 
 
 gia,f., derMundschmerz,G., pain in the 
 mouth. STOMATIQUE, adj., <rr/>ft,a,nxos, 
 stomaticus,L., stomatic: calculated tore- 
 lieve diseases of the mouth ; as stomatic re- 
 medies, ra, ffTOftarixa., die -Mwnrfmittelj 
 G. STOMATOGRAPHIE, s. f., stomatogra- 
 phia,f.(irro/u.a.,the mouth,yip<w,to describe), 
 L., die Beschreibunydes Mundes, oder der 
 Mundhiihle, G., an anatomical description 
 of the mouth, or its cavity. STOMATORR- 
 ii AC; IK, s. f., stomatorrhagia, f. (same, and 
 pvyvvpi, to burst forth), L., derMundblut- 
 tfuss, G., haemorrhage from the mouth. 
 
 STOJio-GASTRio.UE.adj., stomo-gastri- 
 cus, L,., stomo-gastric: an epithet applied, 
 by Chaussier, to the coronary artery, Ar- 
 terestomo-gastrique; from its vicinity to the 
 mouth, ffTofitt, of the stomach, yaa-<rj. 
 
 STORAX, see STYRAX. 
 
 STRABISME.S. m., o irrai<rp,os, strab- 
 ismus, m. Li., das Schielen, G., squint- 
 ing: defect of parallelism in the axis of vi- 
 sion; the eyes not being directed simulta- 
 neously on the same object. 
 
 STRAMOINE, s. f. : in Botany, a species, 
 belonging to genus, DATURA ( Pentandria, 
 monogyn. ; Solancce), L. The thorn-apple, 
 D. stramonium, la Pomme epineuse, ou 
 Herbe aux sorciers, F., der Stechapfel, 
 Dornapfel, G-, is a powerful narcotic poi- 
 son. An Extract of the plant, Stechapfel- 
 extract,G., has been recommended, as an- 
 odyne, in convulsive diseases; and ihefume 
 of the dried leaf, das Stechapfelblatt, as 
 a remedy in the paroxysm of asthma. 
 
 STRANGULATION, s. f., strangulatio, f. 
 L.., die Urwurgung, Erstickung, G. S. 
 uterine, F., die Mutter er stick una, G.: the 
 sense of suffocation, frequently attendant 
 on the paroxysm of hysteria. 
 
 STRANGURIE,S., ^ <r<rjayyu/, stran- 
 guria, f. L., die Harnstrenge, der Harn- 
 zwang, G., strangury: excretion of urine, 
 effected with extreme difficulty and pain. 
 
 STRICTURE, s. f., strictura, f. L., die 
 Strictur, Verengerung,G.: a term, in Sur- 
 gical Pathology, syn. with CONTRACTION; 
 as exemplified in stricture of the oesopha- 
 gus, rectum, and urethra, die Verenyerung 
 der Speiserohre, des Mastdarms, der 
 Harnrohre, G. : but employed, by some 
 writers, as synon. with ETRANGLEMENT. 
 
 STRIE, s. f., stria, f. L., der Streif, 
 Strich, G., a streak. STRIE, adj., stria- 
 tus, L., gestreift, gestrichelt, G., stria- 
 ted: marked with stria, Streifen, Strich- 
 en, G.; as, in Anatomy, the Corpora stria- 
 to, CORPS stries: in Ichthyology,andCon- 
 chology, the scales, squamae striafa, of 
 
 409 
 
 STU 
 
 Evoccelus, the (/ill-cover of Trig/a, and Ura- . 
 noscopux; and the testaceous envelope of 
 Cardium striatum : in Botany, the stem of 
 Rumex acelosa, and fruit of Omocarpum stri- 
 atum: in Pathology, expectorated matters, 
 when marked with streaks of blood, Stries 
 sanguins, F., stria sanguinis, L. 
 
 STROBILE, s.m., a a-rjaSiXaj, strobilus, 
 m. L., das Fruchtzapfen, G., seeCoNE. 
 STROBILIFEHE, adj., strobiliferus, L.: 
 synon. with CONIFERE. STROBILIFORME, 
 adj., (rr(>ot>*ubt)s, strobiliformisjL. zap- 
 fenformig, G., strobiliform : exhibiting 
 the figure of the strobile or vegetable cone. 
 STROBILIN, adj., a-T^aSi^iya;, strobiline : 
 cone-shaped ; as, in Zoology, Spongia stro- 
 bilina: growing on the cone of the fir; as, in 
 Botany, Agaricus strobilinus. 
 
 STRONGLE, s. m., Strongylus, m. L. : in 
 Helminthology,a genus ofEntozoa, belong- 
 ing to Order, Nematoidea, NEMATO'IDE, 
 of Rudolphi. One of the species, S. gigas, 
 infests the kidney of Man and divers o- 
 ther Mammifera. The A scaris lumbricoides, 
 seeAscARiDE, has, from its round form, 
 been termed <rrjayyi/Aj, by Greek writers. 
 
 STRONTIANE, s. f., strontiana,f.L. : ox- 
 yde of STRONTIUM, s. m., n. I... : a solid 
 metal; so termed from Strontian, in Scot- 
 land ; where it was first found, in the state 
 of carbonate, the STRONTIANITE, s. f., 
 strontianites, f. L., of French mineralo- 
 gical writers. 
 
 STRUCTURE, s. f., structura, f. L., 
 n KKTaffxturi, der Bau, das Bauen, G. : in 
 Zoology, and Botany, the arrangement, or 
 disposition, of the tissues, or organic ele- 
 ments, which enter into the composition of 
 animals, and plants. 
 
 STRUMES, STRUMEUX. Syn. with SCRO- 
 FULES, et SCROFULEUX. Struma, howev- 
 er, is regarded, by German writers, as a sy- 
 nonym of BRONCHOCELE, der Kropf, die 
 Anschwellung der Schilddriise, G.; and 
 distinguished into three species, or varie- 
 ties: S. lymphatica,vasculosa, et scirrhosa, 
 L., der lymphatische, der aneurismat- 
 ische, und der scirrhb'se Kropf, G. 
 
 STRYCHNINE, s. f., strychnina, f. L., 
 das Strychnin, die Strychnine, G.: anoi-ga- 
 nic alcali; discovered, in 1818, by Pelletier 
 andCaventou, in the fruit of divers species 
 of Strychnos, and of Ignatia amara. In- 
 tensely bitter, and poisonous; and much 
 employed in the modern treatment of pa- 
 ralysis. STRYCHNIQUE, adj., strychnicus, 
 L., strychninsauer, G., strychnic : an 
 epithet applied, in Chemistry, to salts, 
 strychninsaure Salze, G., of which strych- 
 nine constitutes the base. 
 
 STUPEFACTIF, STUPEFiANT,adj., stu- 
 pefaciens, L,., betaubend, G., stupefaci- 
 ent,stupifying:producings<Mpor, seeNAR- 
 coTiauE. STUPEFACTION, s. f., stupe- 
 factio, f. L., die Betaubung,G. :not, ety- 
 
 2
 
 STY 
 
 mologically considered, a synonym of stu- 
 por; but, rather, the action, or process, 
 whereby the state of stupor is induced. See 
 STUPEUR, s. f., stupor, m. !>., der 
 Stupor,die Fuhlosigkeit, das verminderte 
 oder mangelnde Gefuhl, G., stupor : di- 
 minished or defective sensibility to exter- 
 nal impressions: a state constituting one 
 of the characteristic symptoms of Europe- 
 an typhus. 
 
 STYGMATE, see STIGMATE. STYG- 
 MATES, s. m., pi.: a term whereby Jules 
 Cloquet has proposed todesignatethewhit- 
 ish radiated fibro-cartilaginous cicatrices, 
 which remain upon the peritoneum, after 
 cicatrization of the neck of the hernial sac. 
 
 STYLE, s. m., stylus, m. (irri/Xa?, a shaft 
 or column), L. : in Botany, that portion of 
 the pistil, or female organ of plants, der 
 Griffel,G., which ordinarily separates the 
 stigma from the germen : in Zoology, the 
 shaft of the poiser of the Diptera; and the 
 rigid filamentous organ which terminates 
 the abdomen of Sirex, and other Insects. 
 STYLE, adj. : furnished with siyliform or- 
 gans; as, in Zoology, the abdomen, gestiel- 
 ter Hinterleib, G-, of Asilus stylatns: dis- 
 tinguished by extraordinary length of the 
 style; as, in Botany, Erodium stylatum. 
 
 STYLET, s. m., stylus, m. (<r<ri/xf, the 
 writing-style of the ancients), L.: in Sur- 
 gery, an instrument, constructed of silver 
 or steel, for the examination of wounds and 
 fistulae, and the introduction of setons. 
 
 STYLO-HYAL, s. m.: a term applied, by 
 Geoffroy-St.-Hilaire, to the styloid process, 
 or bone ; which he regards as constituting 
 part of the hyoid apparatus. 
 
 STYLO-CEHATO-HYOIDIEN, STYLO-CE- 
 BATOIDIEX, s. m., and adj., stylo-cerato- 
 hyoideus, stylo-ceratoideus, L. : terms res- 
 pectively applied, by Spigelius, and Riola- 
 nus, to the Stylo-hyoid muscle, see STY- 
 LO-HroiDiEN; as extending from the sty- 
 loid process of the temporal to the greater 
 cornu of the hyoid bone. ST YLO-CHONDRO- 
 HYOIDIEV, s. m., et adj., stylo-chondro- 
 hyoideus.L. : the designation of a muscle, of 
 rare occurrence in Man; which, when ex- 
 isting, extends from the styloid process of 
 the temporal, to the lesser cornu of the hy- 
 oid bone. It is musculus stylo-hyoides no- 
 vus, of Santorini, M. nouveau stylo-hyo'id- 
 ien, of French Anatomists. 
 
 STYLO-GLOSSE, s. m., etadj.: in Anato- 
 my, the designation of a muscle, M. stylo- 
 fflosse, F., Styloglossus, L., der Griffel- 
 Zungenmuske\,G.; which extends from styl- 
 oid process of the temporal bone, and stylo- 
 maxillary ligament, to the side of ilae tongue. 
 
 STYLO-HYOIDIEN, s. m., et adj., styl- 
 oid : a term employed, in Anatomy, to de- 
 signate, 1. a. Ligament, L.stylo-hyoidien,F., 
 ligamentum stylohyoideum, L., and a 
 muscle, der Grtffelzungenbeinmuskel, G. ; 
 
 500 
 
 STY 
 
 which extend from the styloid process of 
 the temporal, to the lesser cornu and body 
 of the hyoid bone. The second branch, 
 supplied by the facial nerve,constitutes the 
 nervus stylo-hyoideus, of Sb'mmering. 
 
 STYI.O-MASTOIDIEK, s. m.. etadj., sty- 
 lo-mastoideus, L.: an epithet designative, 
 in Anatomy, 1. of an orifice, Trou stylo- 
 masto'itlien,F., foTamensfylomasfoideum,Tj, ; 
 which, situated on the inferior surface of 
 the temporal bone, between the styloid and. 
 masioid processes, and constituting the out- 
 let of Aquseductus Fallopii, transmits the 
 facial nerve: and, 2. an artery, Artere sty- 
 lo-masto'idienne, F., die Griffellochschlag- 
 ader, G. ; supplied, commonly, by the pos- 
 terior auricular ; sometimes, by the occipi- 
 tal. By Murray, the epithet, slylo-mastoid, 
 is applied to the posterior auricular itself. 
 
 STYLO-MAXILLAIRE, adj., stylomaxil- 
 laris, L., stylo-maxillary : an epithet, de- 
 signative of a ligament, Ligamentum sty- 
 lomaxillare, L. ; which extends from the 
 styloid process of the temporal bone to the 
 angle of the lower jaw. 
 
 STYLO-PHARYNGIEN, s. m.,etadj., sty- 
 lo-pharyngeus, L. : in Anatomy, the name 
 of a muscle, M, stylo-pharyngien, Stylo- 
 pharyngeus,!;., der Griffelschlundkopfmus- 
 kel, G.; which extends from the styloidpro- 
 cess of the temporal bone, to the parietes 
 of the pharynx, and posterior border of the 
 thyroid cartilage. 
 
 STYLOIDE, adj., trrv^m^ris, stylodes, 
 styloides, L., griffelfb'rmig, G., styloid, 
 styliform, resembling a style : an epithet 
 designative, in Anatomy, 1. of a long and 
 slender process, Apophyse stylo'ide, der 
 Griffelforlsatz, G., of the temporal bone ; 
 which affords attachment to three, some- 
 times four, muscles, and two ligaments : 
 and, 2. of two pyramidal processes, pro- 
 cessus styloideus radii et ulnae, L., which 
 exist at the carpal extremity of the radius 
 and ulna. 
 
 STYMATOSE, or, more properly, STYMA- 
 TORRHAGIE, s. f., stymatosis, stymatorr- 
 hagia, f. L., eine Blutung ausdem ma'nn- 
 lichen Gliede,mit wolliistiger Erection des- 
 selben,G., sanguinis,emembro virili,cum 
 voluptatis sensu rigido, profluvium, L. 
 
 STYPTiQUE,adj., a-Tvrrix.es, stypticus, 
 L., styptischjG., styptic: an epithet ap- 
 plied to pharmaceutical remedies, TO. ff<ru#- 
 nxa., stark zusammenziehende, styplische 
 Mittel, G., which possess the property of 
 constringing the organic tissues. 
 
 STYRAX, s. m. F., et L., T <rr^|, der 
 Storax, Styrax, G. : in Pharmacy, the de- 
 signation of two balsamic and odoriferous 
 substances: as, 1. the solid, S.calamite,F., 
 S. sicca vel calamita, L., Korners;ora.r, 
 G. ; which, exuding from the trunk of Sty- 
 rax qfficinalis, a xai 2r^a|, seeALBOu- 
 FIEK, constitutes the basis of German Offi-
 
 SUB 
 
 cinal Pills, Storax-Pillen : and, 2. the li- 
 quid, S. liquide, liquida, F., et L., Flus- 
 siger Storax, G., a product of LIQUIDAM- 
 BAR styraciflua ; and the active ingredient 
 of a German Storax-Ointment, Storaxsalbe. 
 
 SuBERATE,s.m., suberas,n.L.: in Che- 
 mistry, a genus of salts, korksaure Salze, 
 G., resulting from the combination of sube- 
 ric acid, Acide suberique, F., die Kork- 
 saure, G., a product or the action of nitric 
 acid upon cork, suber, L., with salifiable 
 bases. SUBKRINE, s. f., suberina, f. L. : a 
 term applied, by Chevreul, to the tissue of 
 cork ; which he regards as an immediate 
 principle of plants. 
 
 SUBLIMATION, s.f., sublimatio,f. L,., 
 die Sublimation, Sublimirung, G. : in Che- 
 mistry, a process which consists in volatili- 
 zing a dry substance, and condensing it at 
 the superior part of a peculiar apparatus, 
 termed a sublimatory, SUBLIMATOIRE, s. 
 m., sublimatorium, n. L., das Sublimir- 
 gefass, G. SUBLIME, s. m., et adj., sub- 
 limatum, n., sublimatus, L., Sublimat, n., 
 sublimirt,G., sublimate, sublimed : terms 
 applied, in Chemistry, and Pharmacy, to 
 the products of sublimation ; as the corro- 
 sive sublimate, atzender QuecksilberswWi- 
 mat, G.;and sublimed sulphur, sublimirter 
 Schwefel, see SOUFHE. 
 
 SuBLiME,adj.: an epithet designative,in 
 Anatomy, of organs ; which, as Flexor di- 
 gitorum sublimis, muscle, are situated super- 
 Jicially with respect to their more deeply- 
 seated congeners, see FLECHISSEUR, et 
 PROFONDE : in Pathology, ofrespiralion, 
 H. sublime, when accompanied, at the mo- 
 ment of inspiration, with unusual elevation 
 of the ribs, and dilatation of the nostrils. 
 
 SUBLINGUAL, adj., sublingualis, L. : 
 an epithet designative, in Anatomy, of 
 blood-vessels, or other organs, which are dis- 
 tributed, or situated, beneath the tongue : 
 as, 1. an artery, Arfere sublinguale, F., 
 die UnterzungenschlagnAer, G., a branch 
 of the lingual, see LINGUAL, expended, 
 principally, on, 2. a salivary gland, glan- 
 dula sublingualis, I..., die Unlerzungen- 
 Speicheldriise,G., which pours its secret- 
 ed fluid into the buccal cavity, by several 
 excretory ducts, either uniting withductus 
 Whartonii, or terminating isolately on the 
 mucous membrane of the inferior paries of 
 that cavity. 
 
 SuBLuxATiON,s.f., sub-luxatio,f. L., 
 die Verstauchung, G., partial dislocation. 
 
 SuBMENTAL,adj.: an epithet designative, 
 in Anatomy, ] . of an artery, Artere sub- 
 menlale, F., die Unferkinnschla&ader, G., 
 a blanch of the external maxillary ; and, 
 2. of a vein, vena sulmentalis, L., which 
 terminates in the labial: so designated, from 
 their distribution beneath the chin. 
 
 SUBMERGE, adj., submersus, L., un- 
 tergetaucht, G. : an epithet designative, in 
 501 
 
 sue 
 
 Botany, of plants ; which, as Ceratophyllum 
 submersum, live constantly submeraedin the 
 waters. SUBMERSIBLE, adj., submersibi- 
 lis, JL. : of the flowers of plants ; which, 
 rising above the surface of the water at the 
 period of fecundation, again sink when that 
 process has been accomplished. 
 
 SUBULE, adj., subulatus, L., pfriem- 
 lich, G., subulate: an epithet specifically 
 designative of animals, and plants, whose 
 organs, as the shell, testa subulata,i,., of 
 Fusus subulatus, the corselet of Tetrix , 
 and the leaf, pfricmenformiges Blatt.G., 
 of Planlago subulata ; and, generally, of 
 organs, themselves, which, as the anteunaof 
 Libellula, and the prickles of Rosa villosa 
 exhibit the figure of an awl, subula, L.., 
 die Pfrieme, G., see ALENE. 
 
 Suc,s. m., succus,m.L., a %,u*.os, see 
 Jus : the fluid obtained by the expression 
 of certain vegetable substances; as the juice 
 of the grape, derTraubensq/'/,G., and le- 
 mon, S. de Union, F., succus limonis, L. : 
 also, the designation of certain fluids of the 
 animal body ; as the gastric and the pan- 
 creatic juice, derMagen- und pankreatis- 
 cher Saft, G. 
 
 SuccENTURik,adj., succenturiatus(*ue- 
 cenluriare, to fill up, or supply), L. : an e- 
 pithet applied, by some Anatomists, to the 
 renal capsules, seeSuRRENAL; which they 
 consequently regard as supplementary kid- 
 neys, renes succenturiali, L. By others, 
 the duodenum has been designated asupple- 
 mentury stomach, E'slomacsuccenturier,F. 
 
 SUCCIN, s. m., succinum, n. L., ri 4'x- 
 ixrgov, der Bernstein, G., amber: a solid 
 substance,possessing electrical andexcitant 
 properties ; and found, principally, on the 
 shores of the Baltic. It yields, on distilla- 
 tion, thesuccinic acid, and a volatile empy- 
 reumatic oil, Huile de Succin, Oleum 
 Succini,lt., das Bernstein- o&erSucdnol,G. 
 The French, and Germans, have an Offici- 
 nal Alcoholic Tincture, Tinctura Succini, 
 Ph. Gall., Geistige Bernsteintinctur, G.; 
 theGrnnaws.an Ethereal Tincture, Aether- 
 ische Bernsteintinctur, of amber. 
 
 SUCCINATE, s. m., succinas, n. L. : in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, bernstein- 
 saure Salze, G., resulting from the com- 
 bination of succinic acid, Acide succinique, 
 die Sernsteinsaure, G., with salifiable 
 bases. Succinale a" 'Ammoniaque, F., suc- 
 cinas ammoniae,L.. Bernstein- oder succin- 
 saures Ammonium oder Ammoniak, G. 
 
 SUCCION, s. f., suctus, m. L., das Ein- 
 saugen, G., suction .- in Physiology, the 
 act of sucking. 
 
 SuccuBE,s.m., succubus,m.L., night- 
 mare, seeCAUCHEMAR; etiam incubi spe- 
 cies, dormientibus noctu adveniens ; qui 
 putant se cum incubo rem veneream habere. 
 viro occurrens,fo2mineum, mulieri,mas- 
 culinum designatur phantasma.
 
 SUL 
 
 SuccuLENT.adj., succulentus,L., saf- 
 tig, G., juicy : filled with juice ; as, in Bo- 
 tany, the leaf of Aloe, and of Cactus, and 
 the fruit of Amygdalus persica. 
 
 SUCCUSSION, s. f., succussio, f. L., das 
 Schutteln, G., the act of shaking or jolt- 
 ing. S. de poitrine, F., S. thoracis, L. : a 
 valuable diagnostic test of the existence of 
 effused fluid, in cases of Hydrothorax. 
 
 SUCRE, s. m., ra trux^a^av, saccharum, 
 n. Li., der Zucker, G., sugar: the well- 
 known crystalline product of the Sugar- 
 cane, see CANNE, and numerous other 
 plants, see BETTE. Eliminated, also, by 
 a morbid process, from the human kidney; 
 and then termed sugar of diabetes, S. de 
 diabetes, saccharum diabeticum, L., der 
 Harnzucker, G. It exists naturally in o- 
 ther animal fluids, as the milk, seeLAiT ; 
 and constitutes an article of great utility 
 in pharmaceutical preparations. Sucre de 
 plomb : a vulgar designation of acetate, or 
 sub-acetate, of lead. 
 
 SUDATOIRE,S. m., sudatorium,n. L., 
 das Schwitzbad, die Schwitzstube.G., su- 
 datory, or sweating-stove. adj , suda- 
 torius, L.: attended with excessive perspi- 
 ration ; as sweating-fever, febris sudatoria, 
 see SUETTE. SUDORIFIQUE, adj., su- 
 dorificus, L., promoting perspiration ; as 
 sudorific remedies, schweisstreibende Mit- 
 tel, G., see DIAPHORETIQUE. 
 
 SUETTE,S. f., sweating-fever, see Hi- 
 
 DROPY"RETOS. 
 
 SUEUR, s. f., sudor, m. L., fyu;, 
 der Schweiss, G., sweat, cutaneous per- 
 spiration, see DIAPHORESE. 
 
 SUFFOCANT, adj., suffocans, L., erst- 
 ickend, G. : menacing, or accompanied by a 
 sense of, suffocation; as suffbcative catarrh, 
 der < SWchusten,G. SUFFOCATION, s.f., 
 suffocatio, f. L., die Erstickung, G. : the 
 condition of an animal,in which respiration 
 is arrested; the extreme degree of dysp- 
 noea. S. hysterique, uterine: a modifica- 
 tion of Hysteria. 
 
 SUFFUSION, s. f., suffusio, f. L,., an o- 
 verspreading. S. visus, L., das Falschse- 
 hen, G., false vision. lentis crystalli- 
 nse, seeCATARACTE. nigra, seeAM- 
 AUBOSE. S. icterine, F., see ICTERE. 
 
 SUGILLATION, s. f. F., and G., sugilla- 
 tio, f. L.: synon. with CONTUSION. 
 
 SUIF, s. m., TO ffriap, sebum, n. L., 
 das Nierenfett, der Talz, G., suet : the 
 fatty substance which envelopes the kid- 
 ney of the ox, sheep, and other Ruminat- 
 ing animals. 
 
 SUINT, s. m.: the peculiar fatty matter 
 which invests wool. 
 
 SUINTEMENT, s. m. : the imperceptible 
 oozing of fluid from a natural emunctory, 
 wound, or sore. 
 
 SULFATE, s. m., sulfas, vel sulphas, m. 
 Jj. : in Chemistry, a genus of salts, schwe- 
 
 502 
 
 SUM 
 
 felsaure Salze, G., resulting from the 
 combination of sulphuric acid, see SUL- 
 FURIQUE, with salifiable bases. Thesw/- 
 phates, principally employed in medicine, are 
 sulphate of alumina and potash, seeALUN ; 
 of copper, S. acide, ou Sur-sulfate, de 
 cuivre,!?., sulfas cupri, L., schwefelsaure 
 Kupfer.G-; of iron, S. de protoxyde de 
 fer, sulf. ferri, schwefelsaures Eisen ; 
 of magnesia, S. de magnesie, sulf. magne- 
 sias, schwefelsaure Magnesia, Talkerde, o- 
 der Bittererde; of potass, S. de potasse, 
 sulf. potassse, schwefelsaures Kali; of 
 soda, S. de soude, sulf. sodae, schwefel- 
 saure Soda, schwefelsaures Natron; and of 
 zinc, S.dezinc, sulf. zinc], schwefelsaur- 
 erX'ink. The Sulphate ofquina, S. de quin- 
 ine, F., has not been introduced into the 
 Pharmakologische Tabellen, of Schwartze. 
 
 SULFITE, s. m., sulphis, f. L.: a genus 
 of salts, schwefligsaureSalze,G., result- 
 ing from the combination of sulphurous ac- 
 id, SULFUREUX, with salifiable bases. 
 
 SULFURE, s. m. : a term applied to the 
 compounds of sulphur with the metals, or 
 theiroxydes: as the sulphur -et of antimony, 
 S. d'antimoine, sulphuretum antimonii, 
 L., das Sehwefelantimon, G.; of quick- 
 silver, S.de mercure, sulph . hy drargyri, 
 dasS'cAwe/^quecksilber; and of potass, 
 S.depotasse, sulph. potassa?, dasSchwefel- 
 kali, formerly liver of sulphur, see FOIE. 
 SULFURE, adj., sulphuratus, L.: combin- 
 ed -with sulphur; as, in Chemistry, sulphu- 
 retted hydrogen gas, Gaz hydrogene sul- 
 fure : in Mineralogy, sulphuretted lead, 
 Plomb sulfure, das Schwefelblei, G. 
 
 SULFUREUX, adj., sulphurosus, L., 
 schwefelig, G., sulphureous : an epithet 
 generally designative of fluids which, as 
 sulphureous mineral water, Eau mincrale 
 sulfureuse,V ., contain sulphur in solution : 
 specifically, of an acid, Acide sulfureux, 
 die Schwefeligsaure, G., which forms 
 the second degree of oxydation of sulphur : 
 the hypo-sulphurous, das Schwefeloxyd, 
 die unterschwefelige Saure,G., consti- 
 tuting the first. 
 
 SULFURIQUE, adj., sulphuricus, L., 
 sulphuric: the designation of an acid, ac- 
 idum sulphuricum, L., die Schwefcls&ure, 
 G., which constitutes the fourth degree 
 of oxydation of sulphur: the hypo-sulphuric, 
 Acide hypo-sulfurique, die Untcrschwefel- 
 saure,G., being the third. Schwef either, 
 G., ./Ether sulphuricus,i,. Schwefe&ther- 
 geist, Spiritus ./Etheris sulphurici. 
 
 SUMAC, s. in.: a genus, in Botany, Rhus 
 ( Pentandria,digyn. ; Terebinthacea), L., 
 der Sumach, G.; comprizing many species, 
 of great utility in the arts. The Poison- 
 oak, le S. veneneux, R. toxicodendron, 
 der G\fisumach, G., a North- American 
 shrub, yields a highly corrosive and poison- 
 ous juice; the vapours of which arc delete-
 
 SUP 
 
 rious. An extract of it has been recommend- 
 ed in certain cutaneous affections, and pa- 
 ralysis. R.vernix, der Firnissbaum.G., 
 yields the black varnish, of the Japanese. 
 
 SUPERBE, adj., superbus, L., proud, 
 eminently beautiful: an epithet designat- 
 ive, in Anatomy, of the Rectus superior, 
 muscle, &er hoffartige Muskel,G., of the 
 eye: as imparting to that organ, when in 
 action, an expression of pride: in Botany, 
 an exotic plant, Gloriosa superba, die 
 Prachtltlie, G., of surpassing beauty. 
 
 SUPERE, adj., superus, L.., hochste- 
 hend, G., superior : an epithet designa- 
 tive of the organs of plants, when situated 
 superiorly in relation to others. Thus, the 
 calyx is superior to the ovary, in Iris; and 
 the ovary, to the flower.in the Papaveraccas. 
 See INFERE. 
 
 SupERFfcTATioN,s.f., superfoetatio,f.L., 
 TO ivix.vvfj.ct, Ueberschwangerung,f. G. : 
 conception of a new foetus in an already im- 
 pregnated uterus. Synon. with SUPERIM- 
 pREGNATioNjS.f., superimpregnatio, f.L. 
 
 SupERFLU,adj., superfluus,L., Uber- 
 fliissig, G. : an epithet, in Botany, applied, 
 by Linnaeus, to the 2nd Order of his Class, 
 Syngenesia. It comprehends plants, whose 
 flowers, as those of Achillaa, and Anthemis, 
 exhibit hemaphrodite florets in the disk or 
 centre, and female only, which are apparent- 
 ly superfluous, in the circumference. 
 
 SUFERPURGATION, s.f., superpurgatio, 
 f. L.., see HYPERCATHAHSIE. 
 
 SuPiNATEUR,s.m.,andadj., supinator, 
 m. L. : a term applied, in Anatomy, to two 
 muscles, M. supinateurs, F., museulisM- 
 pinatores, L,., die zurtickbeugenden Mus- 
 keln, G., which execute, SUPINATION, s. 
 f., supinatio, f. L., die Zuriickdrehung, 
 G. : that outward movement of the fore- 
 arm and hand, whereby the palmar surface 
 of the latter is placed uppermost. The two 
 muscles, in question, are le Muscle long ou 
 grand , et court ou petit Supinateur ( 
 Hume'ro-Sus-, etEpicondylo-Radial, Ch.), 
 F., Supinator radii longus, et brevis,L,., 
 langerund kurzer Ruckw'drtsdreher, G. 
 
 SUPPLEMENT AIRE, adj., anhanglich, 
 zusatzlich,G., supplementary : an epith- 
 et applied, by Cuvier, to one of the six os- 
 seous pieces which constitute the branch 
 of the lower jaw, in Birds and Reptiles. 
 
 SupPOSiToiRE,s.m., suppositorium, n. 
 I;., das Stuhlziipfchen, G., suppository: 
 medicamentum rotundum, oblongum, co- 
 nicum, vide BALANE, longitudine digiti 
 medii in adultis,inpueris,minimi aut paulo 
 minus, quod ano inseritur, ad languentem 
 motum peristalticum resuscitandum, al- 
 vumque sollicitandam : quandoque etiam 
 ad tenesmum intestini recti leniendum, as- 
 carides necandas, aliosve in usus, L. 
 
 SUPPRESSION, s. f., suppressio, f. L. : 
 the stoppage of a natural, continued or pe- 
 
 503 
 
 SUIl 
 
 riodic, or of a critical, evacuation ; as of the 
 perspiration, urine, or the menstrual dis- 
 charge, or of haemorrhoids, die Unterdnic- 
 kunades Schweisses, des Urins, der Men- 
 ses, oder der Hamorrhoiden, G. See RE- 
 TENTION. 
 
 SUPPURATIF, adj., suppurans, suppu- 
 rativus, L., suppurative : an epithet ap. 
 plied to remedies, snppurantia, L., eiter- 
 machende oder -befordernde Mittel, G., 
 which promote, SUPPURATION, s. f., sup- 
 puratio, f. L., die Eiterung, G., forma- 
 tion, or exhalation, of pus : ^one of the ter- 
 minations of the inflammatory process. 
 
 SURAL, adj., suralis : pertaining to the 
 calf of the leg, sura, f. L., 'yeca-r^oavnftia, 
 see MOLLET. 
 
 SURCILIER, see SOURCII.IER. 
 
 SUHCOMPOSE, adj., supradecompositus, 
 I...: an epithet designative, in Botany, of a 
 compound leaf, ein vielfaltig zusammen- 
 gesetztes Blatt, G.; the common petiole of 
 which is divided into several secondary and 
 subdivided petioles. 
 
 SuR-Co3TAi,,adj., supra-costalis,L.: an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to the twelve 
 small triangular fasciculi of muscular fi- 
 bres, Muscles sur-costaux, F., which ex- 
 tend from the transverse processes of the 
 dorsal vertebrae, to the superior margin of 
 the ribs below. Considered, by many An- 
 atomists, as constituting part of the exter- 
 nal intercostal muscles. 
 
 SUR-DEMI-ORBICULAIRE, s. m., et adj., 
 supra-semi-orbicularis,L.: a term appli- 
 ed,by Winslow.to IheswjDer/orportion of'Or- 
 bicularis oris, muscle, see ORBICULAIRE. 
 
 SURDENT, s. m.:a term applied toatooth 
 of the first , which has not been shed at 
 the period of the second, dentition. 
 
 SURDITE, s. f., surditas, f. L., Taub- 
 heit.f.G., seeCoi'HOSE : diminution, or ab- 
 olition, of the sense of hearing. The prin- 
 cipal causes of deafncssare inflammation, a- 
 cute or chronic, of the internal ear; lesion 
 of the auditory nerve or brain ; and the ex- 
 istence of a mechanical obstacle to the 
 transmission of sounds. 
 
 SUREAU,S. m.: a genus, in Botany, Sam- 
 bucus ( Pentandria, digyn. ; Capri foliacea), 
 L,., the Elder. Ithefloivers of the common 
 species, le S. commun, F., S. niara, n 
 *TS, der schwarze oder gemeine Hohl- 
 under, G., are anodyne, emollient, diaphore- 
 tic ; the bark, acrid, pun/alive, and diuretic. 
 The dwarf Elder, FHyeble, S. ebulus, 
 der Attich, Niederholder, G., is reputed 
 to possess like properties. 
 
 SUR- ou Sus-E'piNEux, adj., supraspi- 
 nosus, JL.:an epithet designative, in Anat- 
 omy, 1. of parts, or organs, situated above 
 the spine of the scapula; as a triangular ca- 
 vity, Fosse sur-epineuse, F., fossa supra- 
 spinata, L., die Obergr'dtengrube, G. ; 
 wherein is lodged, b. a muscle, M. sur-epi- 
 neux ( petit Sus-Scapulo- Trochiterien,Cli. ),
 
 sus 
 
 F., Supraspiuatus, L., der Obergrdten- 
 muskel, G., which extends from the sur- 
 face of that cavity, to the anterior part of 
 the greathumeral tuberosity : 2. of two li- 
 gaments, ligamenta supraspinosa, L,., sit- 
 uated upon the spine or vertebral column ; 
 one of which, a. le L- sur-ipineux cervical, 
 F., extends from the seventh cervical 
 vertebra to the occipital protuberance; and 
 the other, b. L. sur-epin. dorso-lombaire, 
 from the same vertebra, along the dorsal 
 and lumbar spinous processes, to the cen- 
 tral ridge of the sacrum. 
 
 BUR-EXCITATION, s. f., superexcitatio, 
 fl L., super-excitation : augmentation of 
 the vital energy of an animal tissue. 
 
 SURGEON, s. m., surculus, m. L. : in 
 Botany, a young plant.or sucker, einjun- 
 ger Zweig, ein Nebensprossling, G. The 
 term, surculus, Surcule, m. F., is em- 
 ployed, by Botanists, to designate the stem 
 of the Mosses, der Moosstengel, G. 
 
 SURPEAU, s. m. Syn.withEpiDERME. 
 
 SURRENAL, adj., supra-renalis, L. : an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to organs, 
 blood-vessels, and nerves, which are plac- 
 ed, or distributed, above the kidney; as, 1, 
 the renal capsules, C. surrenales, F., -die 
 Nebennieren, G., see SUCCENTURJE: 2. 
 the supra-renal or capsular arteries, Ar- 
 teres surrenales, arterise supra-renales, L., 
 dieNebennierenschlagadern.G., distin- 
 guished into the superior, middle, and in- 
 ferior, and respectively supplied by the 
 inferior diaphragmatic, the aorta, and the 
 renal artery ; and, 3. two Serves, le grand 
 et le petit surrcnal, Ch., the greater and 
 lesser splanchnic, see SPLANCHNIQUE, 
 of preceding Anatomists. The semi-lunar 
 ganglion has, also, been termed, by Chaus- 
 sier, Ganglion surrenal. 
 
 SURTOUT, s. m., der Ueberrock, G., 
 upper-covering. S.ligamenteuxde lacolonne 
 vertcbrale,F>: a term applied to the anteri- 
 or and posterior vertebral ligaments. 
 
 Sus-CARPiEN,adj., supra-carpianus,L.: 
 an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to an ar- 
 tery of the wrist, Artere sus-carpienne, 
 the dorsal, of preceding Anatomists. 
 SUS-E'PINEUX. See SUR-E'PINEUX. 
 Sus-HYoiDiEN,adj., supra-hyoideus,L.: 
 situated above the hyoid bone; as the supra- 
 hyoid muscles, M. sus-hyoidiens, F.; and 
 the supra-hyoid region, die obere Zungen- 
 beingegenA, G. 
 
 Sus-MAXiLLAiRE,adj., supra-maxilla- 
 ris, L..: an epithet applied, by Chaussier, 
 to superior maxillary bone, MAXILLAIRE. 
 SUS-MAXILLO-LABIAL, adj., supra-max- 
 illo-labialis,L.:an epithet applied, byChaus- 
 sier, to three muscles of the supra-max- 
 illary region, see E'LEVATEUR, 1, 5., et 
 CANIN. Sus-M AXILLO-NASAL, adj., su- 
 pra-maxillo-nasalis, L.; by the same, to a 
 nasal muscle, see TRANSVERSAL. 
 
 504 
 
 SQS 
 
 SUS-METACARPO-,SUS-METATARSO-LA- 
 TERI-PHALANGIEN, S. HI., Ct adj., SUpra- 
 
 metacarpo-,supra-metatarso-lateri-phalan- 
 gianus, L.: terms applied, by Dumas, to 
 the dorsal interosseous muscles of the hu- 
 man hand, and foot, respectively; from 
 their insertions. See METACARPO-, et 
 METATARSO-PHALANGIEN. 
 
 SUS-METATARSIEN, adj., supra-meta- 
 tarsianus,L. : an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the metatarsal artery, dieMittel- 
 fussschlagader, G. 
 
 SUS-OPTICO-SPHENI-SCLEROTICIEN, 6. 
 
 m., et adj., supra-optico-spheni-sclerotic- 
 us, L.: an epithet applied, by Dumas, to 
 Rectus superior, muscle of the eye, see 
 DROIT ; from its attachments. 
 
 Sus-OHBiTAiRE,adj., supraorbitalis,L., 
 supraorbitary : situated abovethe orbit of 
 the eye; as, 1. the groove, or orifice, E'ch- 
 ancrure, ou Trou, sus-orbitaire,J?., incisura 
 supraorbitalis, vel foramen supraorbitale,!*, 
 which, situated in the superciliary arch, 
 transmits, 2. the supra-orbitary artery, Ar- 
 tere sus-orbitaire, ou surciliere, F., die Ob- 
 eraugenh'6hlensch\aga.Aer, G., a branch of 
 the ophthalmic.distributed on theforehead. 
 
 SUSPENSEUR, OU SuSPENSOIRE, adj., 
 
 suspensory: an epithet employed,in Anat- 
 omy, to designate parts, or organs, by which 
 others are suspended, or sustained ; as the 
 suspensory ligament, see GOUVERNAIL, 
 and muscle, CREMASTER, of the testis, 
 L. et M . suspenseur du testicule ; a fibro- 
 cellular band, ligamentum suspensorium 
 penis,L., das^w/Aan^eband derRuthe,G., 
 which extends from spmphysis pubis to 
 corpus cavernosum penis; and a process of 
 peritoneum, Ligament suspenseur dtifoie, 
 ligamentum suspensorium hepatis,L., das 
 Aufh'dngebanA der Leber, G., which con- 
 nects the liver with the diaphragm. 
 
 SUSPENSOIRE, s. m.: a suspensory band- 
 age, suspensorium scroti, L., die Trag- 
 binde, G., for the scrotum. 
 
 Sus-PuBiEN, adj., supra-pubianus, L. : 
 an epithet applied, by Chaussier, to divers 
 parts, and organs, which are situated above 
 the pubes; as, 1. a tendinous ring, AN- 
 TSEAV sus-pubien,ou INGUINAL: 2. anartery, 
 Artere sits-pubienne ou E'PIGASTRIQUE : 
 
 3. a nerve, Nerf sus-pubien ( genito-cru- 
 ral, Bichat), a ramification of the inguino- 
 cutaneous branch of the first lumbar: and, 
 
 4. the round ligament, Cordon sus-pubien, 
 see ROND, of the human uterus. 
 
 SUS-PUBIO-FEMORAL, s. m.,et adj., su- 
 pra-pubio-femoralis,L. : an epithet applied, 
 by Chaussier, to thePectineus muscle, see 
 PECTINE. 
 
 Sus-ScAPULAiRE, adj., suprh-scapul- 
 aris, L. 5". inferieur, et superieur : terms ap- 
 plied, by Spigelius, to Infra- and Supraspi- 
 nft',muscles, see Sous- et Sus-E'piNEux, 
 respectively ; as situated on the scapula.
 
 SYM 
 
 SUS-SCAFULO-THOCHITERIEN, S. m., 
 
 supra-scapulo-trochiterianus, L. S. grand, 
 petit, et plus petit, F. : epithets applied, by 
 Chaussier, to Infraspinatiis,Supraspinatus, 
 and Teres minor, muscles, see Soirs-,Sus- 
 E'PINEUX, et ROND; from their attach- 
 ments. The second is le Muscle Sus-Spini- 
 Scapulo- Trochiterien, of Dumas. 
 
 Sus-TARSiEN,adj., supra-tarseus, L. : 
 an epithet applied, byChaussier, to a rami- 
 fication) Artere sus-tarsienne,F. dieRuc- 
 kenschlagader des Fusses,G., of the tibial 
 artery, .PEDIEUX ; as distributed on the 
 supra-tarsal or dorsal region of the foot. 
 
 SUTURE, s. f., sutura, f. L., die Fuge, 
 Naht,G.: in Anatomy, the immoveable ar- 
 ticulation, die KnochenaA<, G., which 
 unites the various bones of the cranium 
 and face : in Entomology, the straight line 
 which divides the elytra of Coleopterous 
 Insects: in Botany, the ordinarily promi- 
 nent line, which indicates the point of rup- 
 ture,of the organs of plants: in Surgery, an 
 operation which consistsinunitingjbymeans 
 of a needle and waxed thread, the lips of a 
 wound, in order to secure its immediate ci- 
 catrization. The principal varieties o su- 
 ture, enumerated bychirurgical writers, are 
 the glover's, the interruptcd,a.n& the twisted, 
 la S. des pelllers, entrecoupee, et entor- 
 tillee, F., die Darm- oder Kirschner-, die 
 Knopf- oder unterbrochene, und die um- 
 wundene Nahl,G. 
 
 SYCOSE, s. f., fi trvxu/ris, sycosis, f. L. : 
 according to Kraus, the formation of a tu- 
 mour, die Bildung eines Sycoma, resem- 
 bling, in outline, a.fig, ro <rvxov. This tu- 
 mour, or excrescence, ro <rvx&>{tu, syco- 
 ma, n. L., die Feigewarze, G., is ordi- 
 narily developed circa marginem ani, vel 
 labia pudendi muliebris, L. 
 
 SYZ.VATIQUE, SYLVESTRE, adj., sylv- 
 aticus, sylvestris, L. : inhabiting woods, 
 running, or growing, wild; as, in Zoology, 
 Cicindela sylvatica, and Helix nemoralis, 
 die H'aWschnecke, G. : in "Botany, Ange- 
 lica sylvestris,, die wilde Angelika, and 
 the Wood Anemone, A.nemorosa, die wil- 
 de weisse Waldanemone, G. 
 
 SYMBLEPHAROSE, s. f., symblepharos- 
 is, f. (rut, with, /Sxsipaeov, the eye-lid), L., 
 die Verwachsung der Augenlieder mit dera 
 Augapfel, G., adhesion of the palpebrae to 
 the eye-ball. 
 
 SYMfcxRiE, s. f., * fvpptrgiet, symme- 
 tria, f. L., die Symmetric, das Ebenmass, 
 G., symmetry: regularity of figure. SY- 
 METRIQUE, adj., ITV^ST^OJ, symmetri- 
 cus, L., symmetrisch, G., symmetrical: 
 constructed, or disposed, with symmetry: 
 susceptible of division into two equal and 
 perfectly similarparts;as,inAnatoniy,thea- 
 zygous hence termed symmetrical bones 
 of the human body, thirty-four in number: 
 in Zoology, the shell of Argonauta. 
 
 505 
 
 SYN 
 
 SYMPATHIE, s. f., n /rvftvaftia, sympa- 
 thia,f.L., dieSympathie,Mitleidenschaft, 
 G., sympathy: in Physiology ,the relation 
 which exists between the actions of two or 
 more organs, contiguously or remotely si- 
 tuated. SYMPATHIQUE, adj., <rupvu$ris, 
 
 sympatheticus, sympathicus, L., sym- 
 pathisch, G. : an epithet applied, in A- 
 natomy, to certain nerves, Nervi sympa- 
 thetici, L., die sympathischen Nerven, G., 
 
 on account of the important influence 
 which they exert in the production of the 
 sympathies ; as, 1. the great sympathetic, 
 Nerfgrandsympathique, seeTRisPLANCH- 
 NIQDE; 2. the middle, moyenou PNEUMO- 
 GASTRIQUE ; and, 3. the lesser, petit ou 
 FACIAL : in Pathology, morbid affections 
 and phenomena, Affections et Phfromenes 
 sympathiqus,~F., resulting from sympathy. 
 
 SYMPETALiciuE,adj., sympetalicus,L.: 
 an epithet applied, in Botany, to the sta- 
 mens of plants ; when, uniting with, <ruy,_ 
 the petal, wiraXav, as in Malva, they im- 
 part to a polypetalous the appearance of 
 the monopetalous corolla. 
 
 SYMPHYSE, s. f., fi ffvpQvins, symphy- 
 sis,f.L.: a term literally signifying thestate 
 of growing together, natural cohesion, or con- 
 nection, das Zusammenwachsen, die Ver- 
 wachsung, G. ; but employed, by Anato- 
 mists, to, generally, designate the assem- 
 blage of means destined to unite the bones 
 at their articulations; and, especially, cer- 
 tain articulations themselves, as the pubic 
 and sacro-iliac*#wij9A#sis, S.pubienne,et sa- 
 cro-iliaqite,F , die Schambein-, und Kreuz- 
 darmbein/w^e, G. SYMPHYSEOTOMIE, s. 
 f., symphysiotomia,f.L., dieSchambein- 
 trennung, G, symphysiotomy : a surgi- 
 cal operation, which consists in division of 
 the ossa pubis, at their symphysis. 
 
 SYMPT6ME,s.m., TO ru/ax-raptc, symp- 
 tom a, n . L.., dasSy mp torn, der Krankheits- 
 zufall, G. : in Pathology, a morbid pheno- 
 menon, or perceptible alteration in the as- 
 pect, or functions, of the various organs, 
 during the progress of a disease. SYMP- 
 
 TOMATIQUE,adj., fftife.-rria/u.ec'rixos, Symp- 
 
 tomaticus, L., symptomatisch, G. : ane- 
 pithet applied to a disease, morbus symp- 
 tomaticus, L., which is merely the symp- 
 tom of a primitive or antecedent morbid 
 affection, see IDIOPATHIQUE; and to me- 
 dical treatment, Medicine symptomatique, 
 which is exclusively directed to the relief 
 of symptoms. SYMPTOMATOLOGIE, s. f., 
 symptomatologia, .(<Tv/*.vrruf*.a,, xyf, dis- 
 course), I..., -die Symptomatologie, die 
 Lehre von den Zufallen der Krankheiten, 
 G , Symptomatology : a Treatise on the 
 symptoms, die Krankheitszeichen, G., or 
 morbid phenomena, of diseases. 
 
 SYNANTHERE,adj., sv nantherus (<rvv,to- 
 gether, uv6neo$, an anther), L. : an epithet 
 applied, in Botany, to plants, SYNAHTHE-
 
 SYN 
 
 s, s. f. pi., Synanthereee, L., verwach- 
 senbeutilige Pflanzen, G. ; whose stamens 
 are united by their anthers. The synanthe- 
 rous plants constitute the Class, SYNAN- 
 THERIE, s. f., Synantheria, f. L,., die Sy- 
 nantherie, G., of Richard ; and the Syn- 
 genesia, see SYNGENESIE, a far less ex- 
 pressive designation, of JLinnseus. 
 
 SYN AH T HRODiAL,adj . , sy narthrodialis, 
 Li. : pertaining to, or connected with, an 
 immoveable articulation, SYNARTHROSE, s. 
 f., ii ffuvK^ptatris, synarthrosis, f. L., die 
 unbeweglicne Knockenverbindung, G. 
 
 SiTNCHONDHOSE, S. f., <rwy%ovdpuffis, 
 
 synchondrosis, f. L., die Knorpelverbin- 
 dung, G. : in Anatomy, the articulation of 
 two bones by the intervention of cartilage. 
 SYNCHONDROTOMIE, s. f., synchondroto- 
 mia, f. I;., synchondrotomy : synon. with 
 SYSIPHYSEOTOMIE. 
 
 SYNCHRONE,adj., ffuy^ova, synchron- 
 us, I*, synchronous, see ISOCHRONE. 
 
 SYNCOPAL, adj., trvyxa-ns, ohnmacht- 
 ig, G. : an epithet designative of a variety 
 of intermittent fever, febriss?/ncop#s,L.; 
 every paroxysm of which is characterized 
 by, SYNCOPE, s. f. F., et L., f> trwyxoirri, 
 die Ohnmacht, G. : sudden and complete 
 loss of feeling and voluntary motion, with 
 diminution, or suspension, of the pulsation 
 of the heart and arteries. 
 
 SYNCRANIEN, adj., syncranius, L. : an 
 epithet applied, by Chaussier, to the supe- 
 rior maxillary bone, Mach. syncranienne ; 
 as intimately connected with the cranium. 
 
 SYNDESMOGRAPHiE,s.f, syndesmogra- 
 phia, f. (ffvtdiffftos, a ligament, ypa,<fu, to de- 
 scribe), L., die Syndesmographie, die Be- 
 schreibung der Bander, G. : an anatomical 
 description of : SYNDESMOLOGIE, s. f., 
 syndesmologia, f. (same, and Aoyoj, a dis- 
 course), L., die Banderlehre,G. 5 a Trea- 
 tise on the ligaments. 
 
 SYNDESMO-PHARYNGIEN, s. m., adj. : a 
 term employed to designate a fasciculus of 
 fibres of Constrictor pharyngis inferior ; de- 
 scribed, by some Anatomists, as a distinct 
 muscle, Musculus syndesmo-pharyngeus, 
 L.., der B'dnderschlundmuskel, G. 
 
 SvNDESMosE.s.f., syndesmosis, f. L., 
 die Verbindung durch Bander, G. : the ar- 
 ticulation of two or more bones by the in- 
 tervention of ligaments. SYNDESMOTOMIE, 
 s. , syndesmotomia,f. (ffMifpes, and ra- 
 ftti, incision), L., die Syndesmotomie, die 
 Zerlegung der Gelenk6anfer, G., anato- 
 mical dissection of the articular ligaments. 
 
 SYNDROME, s. m. F., et L., v o-t/vS^jj, 
 the assemblage of symptoms, die Ge- 
 sammtheit der Symptome,G., which cha- 
 racterize a morbid state. 
 
 SYNECHIE, s. f., synechia, f. (yvvi^iia, 
 intimate connection), L.., Synechie, f.,die 
 Verwachsung&er Iris mil der Linsencapsel, 
 oder mit derHornhaut,G., adhesion of the 
 
 506 
 
 SYN 
 
 iris to the capsule of the crystalline lens 
 or the cornea. 
 
 SYNEVROSE, or, more correctly, SYNNEV- 
 ROSE, s. f., n ffviitu^uais, synneurosis, f. 
 L. : the articulation of bones by tendon. 
 
 SYNEZIZIS, s. f., synizesis, f. L., ab- 
 sence,or obliteration, ofthe pupil of the eye, 
 k 7>is xofitjs ffwi^riiri;, die Verschliessung 
 der Pupille, G. ; from malformation, or the 
 consequences of the inflammatory process. 
 
 SYNGENESIE, s. f. F., and G., Syngene- 
 sia, f. (<rvv, together, ytviffis, growth), L. : 
 the designation, in Botany,of the 19th Class, 
 ofthe Sexual System, of L,innaeus; com- 
 prehending plants whose stamens, hence 
 termed.E'<am*nes syngeneses,^ '., are united 
 by the anthers, see SYNANTHERE. SYN- 
 GENESIQUE, adj., syngenesicus, L., zur 
 Syngenesie gehorig, G., pertaining, as the 
 syngenesious plants, to Class, Syngenesia. 
 
 SYNOGUE, adj., trvto%os. synochus, L., 
 zusammenhaltend, G., synochous, con- 
 tinued, continuous : an epithet applied, in 
 Pathology, to inflammatory fever, ^ <ru>t>- 
 X*i, o vrvgiros <rtiv/>%os, febris synocha, L., 
 das synochische oder entziindliche Fieber, 
 G. ; from its uniform progress, and continu- 
 ed type. Putrid fever appears,also, to have 
 been comprehended, un der t his designation , 
 by the Ancients. 
 
 SYNOSTfcOGRAPHIE,SYNOSTfcOLOGIE,SY- 
 
 NOSTEOTOMIE, s. f., synosteographia, sy- 
 nosteologia, synosteotomia, f. L.. : terms 
 compounded ofthe Greek, aui, with, oirrsov, 
 and yg<p4>, xyos, TOjM*); and employed, 
 respectively, to designate an anatomical 
 description of, a. Treatiseupon,anddissectionof 
 the articulations of the bones, die anat- 
 omische Beschreibung der , die Lehre von 
 den , und Zerlegung der Gelenke, G. 
 
 SVNOVIE, s. f.: a barbarous compound of 
 the Greek, <ruv, with, and Latin, ovum, egg ; 
 employed to designate the lubricating flu- 
 id, synovia, f. I..., der Gelenksaft, Gel- 
 enkschleim, das Gelenk-oder Gliedwasser, 
 G.; which the synovial membranes and cap- 
 sules, Membranes et Caps, synoviales, F., 
 die,Syreotnaftiaute,und -kapseln, G., dis- 
 posed around the moveable articulations, 
 are destined to secrete into their cavities. 
 
 SYNTECOPYRE, more properly, SYNTEC- 
 TICOPYRE, s. f., syntecticopyra, f. L., o 
 ffWTtixrtxas ru^iros, das Zehrfieber, G., 
 colliquative fever. 
 
 SYNTENOSE, s. f., syntenosis, f. (<rl>, 
 with, Tv<uv,atendon),L.: the union of bones 
 by the intervention of tendon; as exhibit- 
 ed in the patella. 
 
 SYNTHESE,S. f., irMiffis, synthesis, 
 f. L., die Zusammensetzung, G.: in Che- 
 mistry, the combination of several bodies for 
 the production of a new compound ; re-u- 
 nion ofthe elements of a compound body, 
 previously separated by analysis, see A- 
 NALYSE: in Surgery, the generic name of
 
 SYS 
 
 those operations which have, for their ob- 
 ject, re-union of separated or divided parts. 
 
 S YPHILIDE, s. f. : a term applied, by Ali- 
 bert, to divers cutaneous diseases, of syphi- 
 litic or venereal origin, see SYPHILIS. 
 
 SYPHILIS, s. f. F., L., and G.: a term, of 
 obscure origin, employed as syn.with Lues 
 venerea, of Latin, and die Lustseuche, die 
 venerische Krankheit, of German patholo- 
 gical writers. SYPHILITICIUE, adj., sy- 
 philiticus, L., syphilitisch, G., syphili- 
 tic : connected with Syphilis. SYPHILOMA- 
 NIE, s. f., syphilomania, f. L-, die Lust- 
 seuchenwuth, G. : monomania, characteriz- 
 ed by an unfounded dread of the existence 
 of syphilitic infection. 
 
 SYRINGOTOME, s. m., <5 yu^yyaro^tif, 
 syringotomus, !., das Syringotom, Fist- 
 elmesser, G. : an instrument, employed in 
 the performance of syringotomy, SYRING- 
 oTOMiE,s.f., syringotomia, f. (<rv/y, a fis- 
 tula, Toph, incision), L., die Syringotomie, 
 das Aufschneiden einer Fist el, G. : the oper- 
 ation for fistula, by incision. 
 
 SYROP, s. m., syrupus, m. L., der Si- 
 rup, Zuckersaft, G., syrup : a term deriv- 
 ed from the Arabic, Scherbet or Scherbeth, 
 which signifies succus saccharo conditus, L. ; 
 and employed, in Pharmacy, to designate a 
 liquid conserve, prepared from the juice, in- 
 fusion, decoction, or distilled water, of 
 plants, by the addition of sugar. 
 
 SYSSARCOSE, s. f., syssarcosis, f.((ru<r<r- 
 xau, to unite by flesh), L., die Verbindung 
 derKnochen durch Muskeln,G., thewmow 
 of bones by the intervention of muscles; wie 
 des Schulterblatts mit den Rippen, G. 
 
 SYSTALTIQUE, adj., owrAT/xs, sys- 
 talticus, L., zusammenziehbar,G., con- 
 
 SYS 
 
 tractile, capable of contracting: an epithet 
 applied to the movement of parts, or or- 
 gans; which, as the heart and arteries, di- 
 late, and contract, alternately. 
 
 SYSTEMATOLOGiE,s.f., systematologia, 
 f. (ffuffrvfta, a system, xyaj, discourse), L.., 
 die Systemlehre, G., a Treatise on, or 
 History of, Systems. 
 
 SYSTEME, s. m., TO ffvempa,, systema, 
 n. L., das System, G., system: in Phil- 
 osophy, an edifice of plausible suppositi- 
 ons, or hypotheses, raised up, as the Newto- 
 nian System, for the explication of the phe- 
 nomena of Nature: in Physics, the arrange- 
 ment of bodies, as of the planets around a 
 common centre, exhibited in the System of 
 the Universe ; or of divers organs, or forc- 
 es, which, as in the system of an organized 
 being, contribute to a common end : in Na- 
 tural History, the methodical distribution 
 of objects, designed, as the great Systema 
 Natiirce, of Linnaeus, to facilitate their stu- 
 dy: in Anatomy, an assemblage of organs 
 which, as those composing the osseous and 
 Ihenervoussystem, dasKnochen-, und das 
 Nervemystem, G., are constructed of the 
 same tissues, and destined to execute ana- 
 logous functions. SYSTEMATIQ.UE, adj., 
 ffuff'rv/j.a.rixos, systematicus,JL., systema- 
 tisch, G., systematic: pertaining to, or 
 constituting, a system. 
 
 SYSTOLE, s. f. F., et L., WTX>), die 
 Systole, das Zusammenziehen, oder -driicfi- 
 en, des HerzensundderArterien,G., the 
 contraction of the heart and arteries, a state 
 opposed to that of DIASTOLE. 
 
 SYSTYLE, adj., systylus (flv, together, 
 e-ru'Xaj, a style), L., systylous : exhibiting 
 united styles ; as, in Botany, Rosa systyla. 
 
 T. 
 
 TAB 
 
 TABAC, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Nico- 
 tiana ( Pentandria, monogyn.; Solanece), L., 
 theTobacco-Plant;comprizingmanyspe- 
 cies. The leaf of the common tobacco, le 
 T. commun, ou de Viryinie, N. tabacum, 
 gemeiner oder virginischer Tabak, G., is 
 stirmtlating, purgative, and narcotic. Its Es- 
 sential Oil, instilled into wound or sore, is 
 said to produce fatal consequences. The 
 Germans have an officinal Extract and Oint- 
 ment, Tabaksextract und -Salbe, of to- 
 bacco. This celebrated plant derives its 
 generic designation from Jean Nicot, a na- 
 tive of Languedoc; who, in 1560, introduc- 
 ed it from Portugal,into France : its spe- 
 cific and European name, from the Mexi- 
 can province ot'Tobasko, or theislandofTV 
 bano, whence it was brought into Europe. 
 
 TABJDE, adj., tabidus, L., abgezehrt, 
 G., tabid: connected with, or suffering 
 
 507 
 
 TAB 
 
 from TABIFICIUE, adj., tabificus,L., 
 tabific: inducing tubes, or consumption. 
 
 TABLE, s. f.: a term applied,in Anatomy, 
 to the two osseous lamina, lamina cranii 
 externa et interna, L., die aussere und 
 innere Tafel der Hirnschale,G.; which, se- 
 parated by DiPLOEj constitute the bones 
 of the cranial vault. 
 
 TABLETTE, s. f., tabella, f. L., das 
 Kugelchen, G. : medicamentum solidum, 
 ex pulvere et triplo vel quadruple sacchari 
 pondere in liquore idoneo soluti, ad spis- 
 sam syrupi consistentiam cocti, et supra 
 lapidem marmoreum, in orbiculos effusi, 
 confectum, L. 
 
 TABLiERjS.m., labellum,n.L., apron : 
 in Botany, the inferior and ordinarily pen- 
 dulous division of the floral envelope of 
 the Orchidete : in Zoology, the assemblage 
 of pieces which conceal the sexual organs
 
 TAN 
 
 of certain Pulmonary Arachnida ; so named 
 from its imaginary resemblance to the a- 
 pron of the Hottentot female. 
 
 TACHE, s. f., see MACULE. T.jaune, 
 de Sommering, see CORPS, et JAUNE. TA- 
 CHETE, adj. : spotted, see MACULE ; as, 
 in Botany, the stem of Conium maculatum, 
 and the leaf of Orchis maculata. 
 
 TACITURNE, adj., taciturnus, L., 
 schweigselig, G., taciturn: characterized 
 by taciturnity, TACITURNITE", s. f., taci- 
 turnitas, f. L.., die Schweigseligkeit, G. ; 
 as silent delirium, Delire tacitume, F. 
 
 TACT, s. m., tactus, m. L.. : in Physio- 
 logy, the sense, or faculty, ft <pi, ^it, 
 dasGefuhl,G., touch, whereby the high- 
 er animals are enabled to judge of the tan- 
 gible qualities of bodies. 
 
 TAIE,S., speck on thecornea, see AL- 
 BUGO, et LEUCOME. 
 
 TAILLE, s. f.: a term synon. withLiTHo- 
 TOMIE, or, more correctly, CYSTOTOMIE. 
 
 TALON, s. m., talus, m., calx, m. et f., 
 calcaneum, n.L., k vrripvu, dieFerse,G., 
 heel: in Anatomy, ana Zoology, the pos- 
 terior projection of the tarsus in diversAfaw- 
 mifera and Birds ; the posterior part of the 
 hoof of the Solipeda ; and the extremity of 
 the tibia of Insects, at its union with the 
 tarsus: also, a synonym of the tarsal bone, 
 Astragalus, see ASTRA GALE. 
 
 TAMARiN,s.m., dieTamarinde, G.: the 
 fruit of the Tamarind-tree, TAMARINIEH, s. 
 m., Tamarindus indica, derTamarinden- 
 baum, G., the only yet known species of 
 its genus ( Monadelphia, triandr. ; Legumi- 
 nosce), growing in the East and West-Indies, 
 Arabia, and Egypt. The tamarind contains 
 an acidulous, cooling, and laxative pulp. The 
 tree is Tammerbendi, of Arabian writers. 
 
 TAMARISC, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Tamarix ( Pentandria,pentagynia ; Portula- 
 ce<ej, L., the Tamarisk. The bark of two 
 species, leTam.deWarbonne,etd'Allemagne 
 
 T. gallica,etgermanica, die franzosische, 
 und teutsche Tamarisken, G., is reputed 
 astringent and febrifuge. 
 
 TAMBOUR, s. m., tympanum, n. L., 
 die Trommel, Pauke, G., drum : the po- 
 pular designation of CAISSE du Tympan. 
 
 TAMPON,s.m., TO I'jriffro/jLiov, epistomi- 
 um,obturamentum,n.L., derPflock,Stop- 
 fel, G., plug : a mass of linen, lint, or 
 sponge ; employed, in Surgery, and Obste- 
 trics, in the plugging, TAMPONNEMENT, 
 s. m., of a wound, or natural cavity of the 
 body, as the nasal fossze and vaginaj for the 
 suppression of haemorrhage. 
 
 TANAISIE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Ta- 
 nacetumf Syngenesia, superfl.; Corymbiferce), 
 L., the Tansy. The flowering-tops of the 
 common European species, la Tan. vulgaire, 
 
 T. vulgare, der gemeine Rhemfarrn, das 
 Rheinfallkraut, G., are tonic, and anlhel- 
 minthic. 
 
 508 
 
 TAR 
 
 TANNIN, s. m., tanninum, n. L., der 
 Gersbestoff, G. : a peculiar substance; ex- 
 isting in many plants; composed, principal- 
 ly, of gallic acid; and named tannin, from 
 the property which it possesses, of tanning, 
 and thus rendering incorruptible, the skins 
 of animals. 
 
 TAPIOCA, s. m.: the American designa- 
 tion of thefecula of the root of Jatrophama- 
 nihot, see MANIOC. 
 
 TARENTISME, TARENTULISME, s. m., 
 tarantulismus, in. L. : a singular nervous 
 affection, resembling Chorea, der Veits- 
 tanz, G. ; said to result, in lower Italy, from 
 the bite of the Tarantula, TAKEN TULE, 
 s.f., Aranea, vel Lycosa, tarantula, die 
 Tarantel,G.: a large and formidable mem- 
 ber of Class, Arachnida. 
 
 TARDIGRADE , adj ., tardigradu s (tardus, 
 slow, gradior, to walk), L., langsamgeh- 
 end, G., slow-moving. TARDIGRADES, s. 
 m. pi., Tardigrada, L.: a Section, or Sub- 
 Order, of Order, Edentes, of Cuvier; com- 
 prehending those Unguiculated Mammifera, 
 vfhich,astheBradypus, seePARESSEUx, 
 move about with extreme slowness. 
 
 TARSE, s. m., o ru^fos, tarsus, m. L. : 
 in Anatomy, and Zoology, the first por- 
 tion, or instep, die Fusswurzel, G., of 
 the foot of the Mammifera, consisting, in 
 Man, of seven bones; the third piece, der 
 Lauf, G.? of the leg, interposed between 
 the tibia and toes, of Birds ; the sixth divi- 
 sion of the simple limb of Crustacea ; and 
 the series of minute articulations, das 
 Fussblatt,G., which, terminating the leg, 
 constitutes the proper foot,oi Insects. TAR- 
 SIEN, adj., tarseus, L., tarsal : pertain- 
 ing to the tarsus; as the articulations, Art. 
 tarsiennes,f., whereby the various bones 
 of the tarsal region are connected; and the 
 tarsal artery, Artere tarsienne, supplied 
 by the anterior t ibial ; and dividing into an 
 external and internal branch, arteria tar- 
 sea externa et interna, die aussere und in- 
 nere .FwssioMrze/schlagader, G. 
 
 TAHSE, adj.: an epithet designative of 
 the minute cartilaginous pieces, Cartilag- 
 es tarses, F., tarsi palpebrarum, L., die 
 Augenliedknorpeln.G., which exist in the 
 substance of the free borders oftheeye-lids. 
 
 TARSO-METATARSIEN, adj., tarso-me- 
 tatarseus,L. : an epithet designative of the 
 articulations which connect the anterior or 
 metatarsal row of the tarsal with the five 
 metatarsal bones ; and of the ligaments, L. 
 tarso-melatarsiens, F., distinguished into 
 dorsal and plantar, whereby those articula- 
 tions are secured. 
 
 TARSO-METATARSI-PHALANGIEN du 
 pouce, s. m., and adj.: a term applied, by 
 Dumas, to the Adductor muscle of the great 
 toe, see ADDUCTEUR, theMfcTATARSo- 
 SOUS-PHALANGIEN du pouce, of Chaussier. 
 TARSO-PHALANGIEN du pouce : by the
 
 TEG 
 
 same, to Flexor brevis, seeFLECHissE OR, 
 of the great toe; from its attachments. 
 
 TARSO-SOUS-PHALAXGIEN du petit Oft- 
 
 cil, et du pouce, a. m., and adj. : terms ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to Flexor brevis minimi 
 diffiti,et pollicis, pedis, respectively ;from 
 their points of attachment. 
 
 TARTRATE, s. m., tartras, m. L.: in 
 Chemistry, a genus of salts, weinsaure 
 Salze,G., resulting from the combination 
 of tartaric acid, Acide tartnrique, F., aci- 
 dum fartaricum, L., die H^ein-oder Wein- 
 steins&ure, G., which exists naturally in 
 tartar, see TART HE, with salifiable bas- 
 es. The principal to-irates, employed inMe- 
 dicine, are, 1. the Supertartrate of potass, 
 Tar tr ate acidule, ou Sur-tartr. depotasse, F., 
 Tartras acidulus, vel supertartr. potassae, 
 L., Saures Weinsteinsaures Kali, G.; 2. 
 Tartrate, T. de polasse, T. potassae, 
 FPeins/e/nsaures Kali, G. ; 3. Tartrate of po- 
 tass and antimony, T. de potasse,et d'Anti- 
 moine, T. potassae stibiatus, vulgo Tarta- 
 rus emeticus, Spiessglanzhaltiges wein- 
 steinsaures Kali; 4. of potass and trow, 
 T. depotasse et defer, T. potassae et fer- 
 ri, EisenoxydhaltigesHJetnstemsaures Ka- 
 li; and, 5. of potass and soda, T. potasse 
 et de soude, T. potassae et sodae, Natro- 
 nisirtes weinsteinsaures Kali. 
 
 TARTRE, s. m., tartarus, m. L., der 
 Weinstein,G., tartar: the sediment; rwhich, 
 consisting principally of supertartrate of 
 potass and a colouring-matter, is deposited 
 by wine, in the progress of age, and adheres 
 to the parietes of its containing vessels. 
 
 TAUPE, s. f., talpa, f. L., die Maul- 
 wurfgeschwullst,G. :in Surgical Pathology, 
 an indolent tumour of the scalp, containing 
 a whitish, thick, granular pulp; and so nam- 
 ed from its imaginary resemblance to the 
 mole, Talpa, der Maulwurf, G. 
 
 TAXIS, s. f. F., et L.., fi ra^n : an ope- 
 ration in Surgery, which has, for its object, 
 reduction of hernia, die .Zuruckbringung 
 eines Bruches,G., restitution of the parts 
 composing hernia, to their normal site. 
 
 TAXIDEHMIE, s. f., taxidermia, f. (r|- 
 /;, arrangement, Jsjjtta, a skin),L., taxider- 
 my : the art of preparing the skins of ani- 
 mals, for cabinets of Natural History. 
 
 TEGUMENT, s. m., tegumen, integu- 
 mentum, n. L. : a term, in Anatomy, synon. 
 with PEAU : in Zoology, designative, ge- 
 nerally, of the structures, Tegumens, F., 
 
 tegumenta, .L. die Decke, G., which, 
 
 with all their appendages of hair, nail, fea- 
 ther, scale, and horny plate, cover, and pro- 
 tect, the animal body. In Botany, the pro- 
 per covering of the seed of plants, E'PIS- 
 PERME, ou Spermoderme, die Samenhulle, 
 SamenAaw^, G., is named, by the French, 
 tegument propre ; and the parts which, as the 
 calyx, corolla, or perigone, envelope the 
 sexual organs, les Tegumens floraux. 
 
 509 
 
 TEM 
 
 TEICHE, s. f, tinea capitis, f. L., der 
 Kopfgrind, Schorfkopf, G. : in Pathology, 
 chronic inflammation of the scalp ; appear- 
 ing under the form of pustules, or vesicles, 
 filled with a reddish or yellowish, highly 
 offensive, and viscous fluid. The following 
 five species are distinguished by modern 
 French writers : T. amiantacee, -faveuse, 
 furfuracee ou porrigineuse, aranulie ou ru- 
 gueuse,et muqueuse, 7\asbestina, favosa, 
 furfuracea vel porriginosa,granulata,et mu- 
 ciflua, Li. The German, Most, enumerates 
 only two species : T. favosa,et vera vel ma- 
 ligna, der f avose, und wahre oder bosartige 
 Kopfgrind, The furfuracea, die Kopf- 
 schabe, and granulata, der hirseahnliche 
 Kopfgrind, are regarded, by him, as mere 
 varieties of the first. Tinea sometimes in- 
 vades other regions of the body. Occur- 
 ring in the face, it is T. faciei vel Crusta 
 lactea, see CROUTE, of Most. TEIG- 
 NEUX, adj. : pertaining to Tinea, or Porri- 
 goiaslesDermatoscs Teigneuses, F., which 
 constitute the third group of cutaneous 
 diseases in the splendid Traits, Complet des 
 Maladies de la Peau, of Alibert. 
 
 TEiNTURE,s.f., tinctura,f.L.: in Phar- 
 macy,the solution of a simple or compound 
 body in water, alcohol, wine, or ether. 
 Hence tinctures are distinguished, by Phar- 
 macologists, from the number of their ac- 
 tive ingredients, into the simple and com- 
 pound; as the simple Onium-tincture, Ein- 
 
 tinclure, ZusammenffesetzteChinatinctur, 
 of'the Germans: and, from the nature of the 
 menstruum, into the aqueous, alcoholic, vi- 
 nous. and ethereal, wiisserige,geistige, wei- 
 nige, und atherische,G. Tnevinous is more 
 commonly known by the term, wune, VIN. 
 
 TELEPHIEN, adj., telephius, L. : an ab- 
 surd, and almost obsolete, designation of 
 obstinate ulcers ; so named from their re- 
 semblance, in intractability, to the sore 
 which resulted from the wound inflicted 
 by Achilles, upon Telephus, 
 
 TEMPE, s. f., tempus, n. L.., a x^'ara- 
 <p/> s , der Schlaf, G., temple : the lateral 
 region of the cranium, in Mammifera and 
 Birds : situated between the orbit and the 
 meatus auditorius ; and principally occu- 
 pied by a bone, hence termed TEMPORAL. 
 
 TEMPERA MENT,s.m., temperamentum, 
 n. L., K^affn, das Temperament, G.: 
 the constitution peculiar to ; the pre- 
 dominance of any organ, or system of or- 
 gans, in the economy of an individual. 
 See Thomas, Physiologic des Temperaments 
 ou des Constitutions, 8vo. Paris, 1826. 
 
 TEMPERANT, adj., temperans, L. : an 
 epithet applied to remedies, temperantia,Jj., 
 
 gelind kuhlende Alittel, G. ; which, as the 
 vegetable acids, vegetabilischeSauren,G., 
 
 soothe irritation, and moderate the activi- 
 ty of the vascular system.
 
 TEN 
 
 TEMPERATURE, s. f., temperies, f. L., 
 die Temperatur, G. : the appreciable de- 
 gree of caloric which exists in any given si- 
 tuation or bod}'; the condition of the atmos- 
 phere, with respect to heat and cold. 
 
 TEMPORAL, adj., temporalis, L. : situ- 
 ated in,or connected with, the temples, les 
 Tempes, F., tempora, L., die Schlaf'e, G., 
 see TEMPE ; as, 1. a bone, Os temporal, 
 os lemporis,lj., das Schl'dfebein, consti- 
 tuting part of the lateral parietes ofthe cra- 
 nial vault, and exhibiting, in conjunction 
 with the adjacent bones, 2. a depression, 
 Fosse temporale, fossa temporalis, Schl'tif- 
 engrube ; filled up by, 3. a muscle, M. tem- 
 pora/,ouCROTAPHiTE,( TEMPORO-MAX- 
 ILLAIRE, Ch.), Temporalis, der Schl'dfe- 
 muskel; which is bound down by, 4. astrong 
 fascia, Aponevrose temporale, Aponeuro- 
 sis temporalis, die Schl'dfenfascie, attach- 
 ed, on one hand, to, 5. the temporal ridge, li- 
 neasemicirculariSjL., of the parietal bone; 
 and, on the other, to the superior margin of 
 the zygoma: 6. Arteries, Arleres tempo- 
 rales,!?., mainly distinguished in to, a. the 
 superficial, la stiperficielle, die oberflach- 
 liche .ScWo/eschlagader, G., which is sup- 
 plied by the external carotid ; b. the mid- 
 dle, moyenne, mittlere, a branch ofthe 
 preceding; and, c. the two deep-seated, pro- 
 fondes, tiefe, branches of the internal 
 maxillary: and, 7- Nerves, Nervilempora- 
 les, L,., die Schlafenerven, G. ; of which 
 there are, also, a. the superficial, le super- 
 ficiel, on auriculaire ( temporal cutane', 
 Ch.); b. the deep-seated, les profondes, 
 all furnished by the inferior maxillary ; 
 and, c. the twigs, Rameaux temporaux, 
 distributed, by the facial, upon, 8. the tem- 
 poral region, die Schl'dfengegenA, G. 
 
 TEMPORO.CONCHINIEN, s. m., et adj. : a 
 term applied, by Dumas, to Superior auris, 
 Muscle, le Temporo-Oriculaire, of Chaus- 
 sier, see AUHICULAIRE. 
 
 TEMPORO-MAxiLLAiRE,adj., temporo- 
 maxillaris, L., temporo-maxillary : an e- 
 pithet applied, in Anatomy, t. to the arti- 
 culation, Articul. temporo-maxillaire, F., 
 which connects the temporal and inferior 
 maxillary bones : 2. by Chaussier, to the 
 temporal muscle, see CROTAPHITE ; as in- 
 serted into these bones : and, 3. the bran- 
 ches, Nervi temporo-ma.i illares, L., ofthe 
 facial nerve; which are distributed on the 
 temporal and maxillary regions. 
 
 TENAILLE, s.f., tenaculum, m.L., der 
 Tenakel, G-, T. incisive : a pair of surgi- 
 cal forceps, furnished with cutting edges ; 
 and employed in the removal of fragments 
 of bone, cartilage, and certain tumours. 
 
 TENDiNEUx,adj., tendinosus,tendineus, 
 L., vtv(>u%r)s, sehnig, G., tendinous: ex- 
 hibiting the characters, or consisting, as the 
 tendinous centre of the diaphragm, der 
 sehnige Theil des Zwerchrells, G., of, 
 
 510 
 
 TEN 
 
 TENDON, s. m., r'meo, ro viv^ov, die 
 Sehne, G. : a sheet, or cord, of white, shin- 
 ing, albugineous fibres ; ordinarily serving, 
 as tendo Achillis, die Achillessehne, G., 
 the common tendon of the Gastrocnemius and 
 Solans, for the implantation of a muscle, 
 or muscles, into bone. 
 
 TENDU, adj., tensus, L., gespannt, 
 G., tense: an epithet applied to the pulse, 
 when the artery imparts to the finger, a 
 sense of, TENSION, s. f. F., and E., tensio, 
 f. L., fi To.ffi?, Sicc-rain;, die Spannung, G. 
 
 TENESME,s.m., Ttivifffios, tenesmus, 
 m. L., der Tenesrnus, Stuhl- oder After- 
 zwang, G. : frequent desire to void feces, 
 with pain, and distension, about the anus. 
 
 TENETTES, s. f. pi., lithotomy-forceps. 
 
 TENIA, s. m., Tasnla, f. (TSV/K, a riband), 
 L., der Bandwurm, G., Tape-worm : in 
 Helminthology, a genus of flat and articu- 
 lated Entozoa, belonging to 4th Order, 
 Cestoidea, see CESTOIDES, of lludolphi ; 
 and comprizingnumerousspecies.Of these, 
 two only, T.soliitm,etvul(jaris, der lang- 
 und kurzgliedrichte Bandw.G., Tenia&r- 
 mata umana, e volgare, It., the latter re- 
 garded, by some Helminthologists, as a 
 mere variety of the former, are yet known 
 to infest the human intestines. T. lata, ar- 
 ranged, by Linnaeus, in Tania, is now trans- 
 ferred to genus, Bothriocephahis, see Bo- 
 TRYCEPHALE. The articulations of T. so- 
 lium, separately voided, are termed gourd- 
 worms, die Kurbiskernwiirmer, G., see 
 CUCURBITAIN. See, also, Jordens, Helmin- 
 thologie des Menschlich. Korpers, 4to. 1802; 
 I$Tera,Lezioni Medico- Pr a tiche sopra i prin- 
 cipali Vermi del Corpo umano viventi, 4to., 
 Crema, 1802; et Rudolphi, Entozoorum sive 
 Vermium Intestinalium Historia Naturalis, 
 2 voL 8vo. Amstelodami, 1810. 
 
 TENONTAGRE, s.f., TsvavTa^a, ten- 
 ontagi'a, f. L. : gouty or rheumatic pain of 
 the tendons. 
 
 TENSEUR derAponevr.femorale: a term 
 employed, in Anatomy, to designate a mus- 
 cle, ( ILIO.APONEVROSI-FEMORAL, Ch.), 
 Tensor vaginas fcmoris, Anspanner der 
 Schenkelbinde, G.; extending from the an- 
 terior superior spinous process of ilium, to 
 the femoral fascia; and destined, when in 
 action, to render tense that membrane. 
 
 TENTACULE, s. m., tentaculum, n. L. : 
 in Zoology, a mobile and non-articulated 
 appendage, of various configuration; attach- 
 ed to the body of divers animals; and ordi- 
 narily serving as an organ of touch, die 
 Fuhlfade.oder -spitze,G. TENTAcuLE,adj.: 
 furnished with tentacula, or organs which 
 resemble them ; as,in Zoology, the supra-or- 
 litary region of Blennius tentacvlatus, the 
 head of the Cephalopoda, and of Limax : in 
 Botany, thejruit of Car ex tentacula ta. 
 
 TENTE, s. f., o f^tros, TO /u,orw, turun- 
 da, f., penicillus, m. L., Messel, Wieke, f.
 
 TER 
 
 G., tent: a piece of rolled lint, prepared 
 sponge, or gentian-root ; employed, by Sur- 
 geons, to dilate the orifice, or prevent cica- 
 trization of the parietes, of wound or sore. 
 TENUIFLORE, adj., schmalblumig, G., 
 small-flowered : exhibiting small or slen- 
 der flowers, tenues flores,L.. ; as, in Botany, 
 Bromus tenuiflorits. TENUIFOLIE, adj., 
 dunnblattrig, feinblattrig, G.: producing 
 slender leaves, tenuia folia, L. ; as Cheiranth- 
 -us tenuifolius, et Anemone tenuifolia. 
 
 TEREBENTHINE, S. f., o TtgiSivfos, ter- 
 
 ebinthina, f. L., der Terpentin.G., tur- 
 pentine: in Materia Medica, a liquid, ob- 
 tained from divers trees,of the Natural Fa- 
 milies of the Coniferce, and Terebinthacece. 
 Wholly composed of resin and essential oil; 
 distinguished from the true balsams, see 
 BATTME, by the absence of benzoic acid ; 
 and soluble in alcohol. The principal me- 
 dicinal Turpentines are, 1. that of Canada,* 
 Terebinth, du Canada, F., the produce of 
 Abies balsamea, see SAFIN; 2.the Chian, 
 T. de Ohio ou de Scio, Terebinth, cypria, 
 L., Cyprischer Terpent., G., of certain 
 species of Terebinthus, see TEREBINTHE; 
 3. of Copaiba, derCopaiva-oderCopahu- 
 balsam, G., seeCoPAYER; 4. the common, 
 T. commune, T. communis, gemeiner 
 Terpent., see PIN, which yields the yel- 
 low resin, Colophane, F., gelbes Harz, ge- 
 kochter Terpent., G., and constitutes the 
 base of divers French, and German Officinal 
 Preparations; 5. of Gileador Mecca, T. 
 de Gilead, de la Mecque, ou de Judee, see 
 OPOBALSAMUM; 6. of Strasburgh, T. de 
 Strasbourg, T. argentoratensis, Strass- 
 burger Terp., see SAPIN; and, ? of Ve- 
 nice, T. de Venise, T. veneta, Vened- 
 ischer Terpent., see MELEZE. TEREBEN- 
 THINE, adj., TtfiiZivHivos, n/>tGtvt>&dtis, tere- 
 binthaceu s, L., terpentinartig.G., tere- 
 binthine: containing, or exhibiting the pro- 
 perties, or odour, of, turpentine. 
 
 TEREBINTHACEES,S. f., pi., Terebintha- 
 cece, f. L., die Terpentinbaum-Fam\\ie,G. : 
 in Botany, a Family of dicotyledonous po- 
 lypetalous plants, with perigynous stam- 
 ens ; having, for type, the genus, TERE- 
 BINTHE, s. m. : a French genus of plants, 
 Terebinthus, L. ; containing the Pistacix, 
 see PISTACHIER, of Linnaeus. Two of 
 the species, T. communis, et pistacia, na- 
 tives of South-Europe and the Levant, are 
 said to yield the Chio-tnrpentine, see TE- 
 REBENTHINE; and the MASTIC exudes from 
 the trunk, and branches,of a third, T. 
 Pistacia lentiscus. 
 
 TERGEMINE, adj., tergeminatus, L., 
 dreifachzweizahlig, G., tergeminate: an 
 epithet applied, in Botany, to a compound 
 leaf, whose bifid petiole, as that of Mimo- 
 sa tergemina, bears two leaflets on each of 
 its branches, and a third pair at the point of 
 their bifurcation. 
 511 
 
 TEH 
 
 TERMINAL, adj., terminalis, L-, end- 
 standig, gipfelstandig, G. : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Zoology, and Botany, to desig- 
 nate parts,or organs,ofanimals,and plants; 
 which are situated at the summit, or ex- 
 tremity, of others; as the terminal mouth 
 and anus, os terminale, et anus terminalis, 
 Li., of certain Annelida; the terminal spike, 
 E'pi terminal,^., ofLavandula spica, the 
 anther, gipfelst'dndiger Staubbeutel, G., 
 of the CyperaceeB, and the terminal leaflet 
 of some compound leaves. 
 
 TERNE.adj., ternatus.L., dreyzahlig, 
 G., ternate : disposed by threes ; as, in 
 Botany, the spikes. E'pis ternes, F., of 
 Andropogon ternatus,a.ndiihe leaf, dreyz'dh- 
 liges Blatt, G., of Trifolium pratense. 
 
 TERRE, s. f, terra, f. Jj., * yTi, die 
 Erde, G., earth: in Astronomy, the third, 
 from the sun, of the eleven planets; which, 
 revolving around, constitute with, that lu- 
 minary, the solar system : in Geography, 
 the solid portion, terra firma, L., x,6av, 
 das festeLand,G.: comprizing about two- 
 fifths, of the surface, of the planet inhabit- 
 ed by Man : in Chemistry, the heteroge- 
 neous material, which, regarded, by the 
 Ancients, as one of the four elements, con- 
 stitutes that solid portion, or crust, of the 
 terraqueous globe ; and the metallic oxydes 
 which, as lime, magnesia, and silex, enter, 
 more or less largely, into the composition 
 of such material: in Animal Chemistry, 
 and Pharmacy, divers substances which, as 
 the earth of bone, Terre des os, die Bein- 
 erde, G., (phosphate of lime), and terra ja- 
 ponica, see CACHOU, although direct 
 products of the animal and vegetable king- 
 doms, yet resemble, in their physical cha- 
 racters, earthy matter. 
 
 TERREAU, s. m., solum,n. L., der Bo- 
 den, G., soil : the black and pulverulent 
 matter ; which results from the decomposi- 
 tion of animal and vegetable substances. 
 
 TERRESTRE, adj., terrestris, terrenus, 
 I,., 'wriiysies, irdisch, G., terrestrial, 
 earthy : pertaining to, or exhibited on, the 
 planet, earth, see TERHE ; as a terrestrial 
 object or phenomenon ; hence opposed, in 
 signification, to AERIEN,ATMOSPHERIQUE, 
 METEOROLOGICIUE : ordinarily inhabiting, 
 or growing upon, land ; as Man, and the o- 
 ther terrestrial animals, Mammiferes, Oi- 
 scaux, Mollusques, et Crustaces terrestres, 
 F., and plants; thus differing from AauA- 
 TIQUE, MARINE, OCEANIQUE : living be- 
 neath, or growing contiguously to, the sur- 
 face of \\ieground; as, in Zoology, iheearth- 
 worm, der Erdwurm, G., see LOMBRIC, 
 and Julus terrestris: in Botany, the ground- 
 ivy, LIERHE terrestre ; and groimrf-agaric, 
 Agaricus terrenus. 
 
 TERREux,adj., terrosus.L.., ytu^ns, 
 erdig, erdhaft, G., earthy : consisting of, 
 or resembling, earth.
 
 TET 
 
 TERRICOI.E, adj., terricolus (terra, the 
 ground, colo, to inhabit), L., terricolous : 
 an epithet applied, in Zoology, to a Sub- 
 Order, of Order,Abranches, Abr. terricoles, 
 F., ofthe Class, Annelida ; comprehending 
 animals which,as the earth-worm, seeTER- 
 RESTRE, live principally under ground, 
 
 TEST, s. m., testa, f. L., die Schale, 
 G-, shell : in Zoology, the coat of mail, 
 la CUIRASSE, of divers Mammifera, as the 
 Pangolin, Manis, of .Linnaaus ; the solid 
 covering, distinguished into a dorsal and ab- 
 dominal plate, CARAPACE, et PLASTRON, 
 F., das Rucken- und BauchscAiW, G., of 
 the Chelonian Reptiles, and of the shell-co- 
 vered Mollusca, seeTESTAcfc; the assem- 
 blage of hard pieces which invest the bodies 
 of the Crustacea, and other articulated ani- 
 mals ; and, according to Ehrenberg, the en- 
 velope, or shield, of certain Infusoria, con- 
 taining the body ofthe animalcule, and pre- 
 sent ing orifices for the protrusion of the head 
 and tail : in Botany, the smooth and scaly 
 pellicle, LORIQUE, lorica, f. L., of Mir- 
 bel, die S&menschale, G., which invests 
 the exterior of the seed of plants. 
 
 TESTACE, adj., testaceus, I.., testace- 
 ous : an epithet employed, in Zoology, by 
 Linnasus, to designate an Order, Testa- 
 ces, F., Testacea, L., die Schalthiere, G., 
 of the Class, Vermes ; by Cuvier, the 
 first Order of Class, Acephales, Ac. Testa- 
 ces, the Conchifera, see CONCHIFERE, 
 of modern Malacologists ; including those 
 soft-bodied animals, Vermes seuMollusca, 
 which inhabit, in the first instance, a 
 shell of any description, in the second, a bi- 
 valve : in Botany, brick-coloured plants ; 
 as Boletus testaceus. 
 
 TESTICULE, s. m., testis, testiculus, m. 
 L.., a %<*, die Hode, G., testicle. In 
 Anatomy, the testicles, ol S/St/^a/, die Ho- 
 den, Testikeln, G., are two glandular bo- 
 dies, of ovoid and compressed figure, lodged 
 in the scrotum, and destined for the secre- 
 tion of the seminal fluid. Testes cerebri, 
 seeQuADRuoMEAu. TESTICULAIRE, adj., 
 testicularis, L., testicular : an epithet 
 applied, by Chaussier, to the spermatic cord 
 and vessels, CORDON, et SPERMATIQUE; 
 asconnectedwith.or distributed on,ihetestes. 
 
 TESTTTBINES, TESTUDINIDES, s. m. pi., 
 Testudinida, L-: the designation, in Zoo- 
 logy, of a Family ofthe Order of Chelonian 
 Reptiles ; having, for type, genus, Tesludo. 
 See Bell, Memoir on the Tesfudinata. 
 
 TETANiauE,adj., nravixos, tetanicus, 
 L,., tetanic: connected with, or suffering 
 from, TETANOS,S. m., riruvos, tetanus, 
 m.L., der Tetanus, Starrkrampf,Todten- 
 krampf, die Steifsucht, Todtenstarre, G. : 
 a spasmodic affection pertaining to 3rd Or- 
 der of Neuroses, Nevroses de la Locomotion, 
 of Pinel. Distinguished, from its causes, 
 into spontaneous or idiopathic, and vulnerary 
 512 
 
 TET 
 
 or traumatic, T. spontanc, et Iraxmaiique, 
 F. ; from its seat, into general and partial, 
 Allgemeiner oder eigentlicher, und ortli- 
 cher Starrkrampf, G. ; and, from its peculi- 
 ar symptoms, into the straight, a.nd.^curved, 
 
 T. rectus, et curvatus, L., the perfect 
 and imperfect. Tetanus, with curvature, is 
 farther distinguished, from the figure which 
 the body assumes, into Emprosthotonos, T. 
 anticus, L., der Vorkrampf, G. ; Opistho- 
 tonos, T. posticus vel dorsalis, Rikken- 
 krampf; and Pleurolhotonos, TMateralis, 
 Seitenkrampf. Another variety of partial 
 tetanus is that which affects the lower jaw, 
 
 Trismus, F., tr. vel spasmus maxillae 
 inferioris, L-, der Kinnbackenkrampf, G. 
 
 TETARD, s. m., die Kaulplatte, G., 
 tadpole : the larva of the Batrachia, see 
 BATRACHIEN. 
 
 Ti:TARTOPHiE,s.f., tetartophyia, (<rs- 
 rif^rKios, occurring every fourth day), L. : 
 according to Sauvages, quartan intermittent 
 fever, febris tetartaa, L,., das viertagige 
 Fieber, G. See QUARTE. 
 
 TETE, s. f., xtq>a,\n, caput, n. L., 
 der Kopf, G., head : in Anatomy, and Zo- 
 ology, the superior or anterior extremity of 
 the trunk ; containing the principal organs 
 of the senses, and, in the higher Classes of 
 animals, the great nervous centre or brain : 
 in Botany, the superior portion of plants, 
 generally; and, especially , the roundedsm- 
 mit, CAPITULE, of capitulate plants. 
 
 TETRABRANCHES, s. m., et adj., Telra- 
 branchiata, (rir^x, four,/3jy^;/a, gills of fish- 
 es), L. : a term employed, by Owen, to de- 
 signate his First Order of Class, Cephalo- 
 poda ; comprizing those Mollusca which, as 
 the tetrabranchial inhabitant of Nautilus, 
 possess four gills. See DIBRANCHES. 
 
 TETRADACTYLE, adj., rir^xx.rv\as, 
 tetradactylus, L., vierfingerig.G., tetra- 
 dactylous: having/owr^m^ers on each hand; 
 or, as divers Mammifera, Mammiferes te- 
 tradactyles, and Birds, Aves tetradaclyli, 
 of zoological writers, four toes on each foot. 
 
 TETRAD YNAMIE, s. f., Tetradynamia, f. 
 (r'tr^a,, four, Suva^/j, power), L., die Tetra- 
 dynamie, G. : in Botany, the 15th Class of 
 the Sexual System, of Linnaeus ; compre- 
 hending plants wboseflowers, Fleurs tetra- 
 dynames, F., vierm'dchtige Bliithen, G., 
 contain six stamens, four of which are long, 
 and two short. TETRADYNAMIQUE, adj., 
 tetradynamicuSjL., zur Tetradynamie ge- 
 horig, G., pertaining to Telradynamia. 
 
 TETRAGONE,adj., nrgdyuyts, tetragO- 
 
 nus, L., vierseitig, G., tetragonal, see 
 QUADRANGULAIRE ; as, in Conchology, the 
 shell of Area tetragona : in Botany, the an- 
 ther of Tulipa, and leaf, vierkantiges Blatt, 
 G., of Calyirix tetragona, and the stem of 
 Cactus tetragonus. 
 
 TETRAGYNE.adj., tetragynus, L.., te- 
 tragynous : an epithet generally designa-
 
 THE 
 
 live of plants, v'uru-eilige Pflanzen.G., 
 which exhibit ; and, specifically, of'those 
 which, as Tamarlx tetragyna, are distin- 
 guished, from their congeners, by the pos- 
 session of four female organs. See 
 
 TETRAGYNiE,s.f., TVf ragiyiua, (mvo, 
 four, ywri, a female), L., die Tetragynie, 
 G.: in Botany, the designation of several 
 Orders, in the Sexual System, of Linnae- 
 us; comprizing plants, which possess four 
 female organs or pistils. TETRAGYNIQUE, 
 adj., tetragynicus, L., tetragynisch,G. : 
 pertaining to Telrayynia. 
 
 TETRAMERE, adj., TiT^up'ori;, tetra- 
 merus, L.: divided into four pieces, or arti- 
 culations; as,in Entomology, the four-join t- 
 cd tarsi of the tetramcrous Coleoptera. 
 
 TETRAVDRE, adj., tetrandrus, L., 
 
 viermannig, G. : an epithet, generally, des- 
 ignative of flowers, Fleurs tetrandres, F., 
 EJrnnan/i7eBluthen,G., which produce 
 four stamens; and, specifically, of the plants 
 which, as Myriophi/llum tetrandrum, aredis- 
 tinguished, from their congeners, by pos- 
 session of the tetrandrous character. See 
 
 TETRANDRIE, s. f. F., and G., Tetran- 
 dria, f. (rirooi, four, avr,^, atfyos, a male), I/.: 
 in Botany, the 4th Class, of the Sexual 
 System,ofLinnaeus;comprehending plants 
 which possess four male organs, or stamens. 
 TkTRANDRiQUE, adj., tetraiidricus.L., 
 tetrandrisch, zur Tetrandrie gehorig, G. : 
 pertaining to Class, Tetrandrin. 
 
 TETRAPETALE, adj., tetrapetalus (ri- 
 TJ, 5TTxv, a petal), L., vierblumen- 
 blattrig*G.?, tetrapetalous: producing a 
 corolla of four petals; as, in Botany, Loran- 
 Ihus telrapetalus. TETRAPHYLi,E,adj., te- 
 traphyllus (same, and <$v).\w, a leafj) L., 
 tetraphyllous: producing a perigone, or in- 
 volucre, with/owe divisions, vierkelchblat- 
 trig, G. ; as Restio tetraphylhis : four-leaved, 
 vierblattrig; as Polycarpon tetraphi/llum. 
 
 TETRAPODE, adj., rtr^K-roi/s, tetrapo- 
 dus, L.: synon. with QUADRUPEDS. TE- 
 TRAPODOLOGIE, s. f., tetrapodologia,f. L., 
 die Lehre von den Quadrupeden,G., te- 
 trapodology: a Treatise on Quadrupeds. 
 
 TETRAPTERE, adj., rtrgavrtgos, te- 
 
 trapterus, L., vierflugeligt, G., tetra- 
 pterous : possessing/owr wings ; as the great 
 majority of Insects. 
 
 TETRASPERME,adj., tetraspermus (TS- 
 rga , evigfta., seed), L., viersamig.G., 
 tetraspermous: containingybr seeds; as, in 
 Botany, the legume of Dolichos tetrasperm- 
 us, and Indigofera tetrasperma. 
 
 TEXTURE, s. f., textura, f.L., dasGe- 
 webe, G.: in Zootomy, and Phytotomj r , 
 the peculiar arrangement of the tissues 
 which enter into the composition of the or- 
 gans of animals, and plants. 
 
 THE, s. m.:in Botany, a genus, Tliea 
 CPolyandria, monoyi/n.; Hesperideae),o(\\\e 
 French and Camellia ( Monadelphia, poly- 
 
 513 
 
 THE 
 
 amir. ; Camell'ica ), L., of British, systemat- 
 ic Phytographists, the Tea-plant; com- 
 prizing several species, natives of Chin/t 
 and Assam. Of these, the celebrated T. ci- 
 ridis, et bohea, le The, vert, et bout,T., der 
 griine Thee,urdder Theebuh,G., are said 
 to yield,indiscriminately,the green and the 
 black teas of commerce: while the finer 
 kinds of green are produced by the former, 
 alone. The infusion of the tea-Jeaf, espe- 
 cially of the green, is slightly bitter, astnn- 
 yent, stimulating, and sedative. Its occasion- 
 al noxious effects upon the human system, 
 have been erroneously attributed to im- 
 pregnation with copper. The nature of its 
 active principle has not yet been discover- 
 ed. The. poudrc a canon, F., der Schiess- 
 pulverthee, G., gunpowder-/ca. In popu- 
 lar language, tea is an incorrect synonym 
 of aqueous Infusion and Decoction. 
 
 THENAR, s. m., TO 6i\>a,(>, thenar, m. 
 L.: literally, the palm of the hand and sole 
 of the foot, see PAUME, et PI.ANTE. E'- 
 minence thenar: in Anatomy, the projec- 
 tion formed, on the superior and external 
 part of the human hand, by a fleshy mass, 
 Th. de la main, of'Riolan, and Winslow, 
 which consists of Abductor, Opponens, et 
 Flexor brevis, pollicis manus. T. du pied: 
 a term applied, by "Winslow, to Abductor, 
 Adductor, et Flexor brevis, pollicis pedis. 
 
 THEORIE, s. f., h OUUOIK, theoria, fl L., 
 die Theorie,G., theory: the speculat- 
 ive part of a science; the connection estab- 
 lished between the facts which constitute a 
 science, by inferences logically deduced 
 from those facts. THEORETIQUE, THKO- 
 RIQUE, adj., ha^nrixo;^ theoreticus, L., 
 theoretisch,G., theoretical : pertaining 
 to theory. See Gregory, Conspectus Medeci- 
 nce Theorelica-. Edinburgi, 1813. 
 
 THERAPEUTIUUE, THERAPIE, s. f., ^ 
 $s.oa.<jr<uriK7i (Ti^vri), fiet*sia, therapeutica, 
 therapeutice, f. L., die Therapeutik.The- 
 rapie, G., Therapeutics: that branch of 
 Medicine, which has, for its especial object, 
 the treatment of diseases. 
 
 THERIAQUE, s. fl, theriaca, f. (^*o,-, 
 pertaining to wild animals), L., derThe- 
 riak, G.: in Pharmacy, an extraordinary 
 and incongruous compound of divers anim- 
 al, vegetable, and mineral substances ; con- 
 cocted, in the form of fec/t<an/,bytheAn- 
 cients ; and eulogized, and prescribed, by 
 them, as one of their most potent antidotes, 
 ii^ia.x.a. (pugfiaxa, against the bite of wild 
 or venomous animals. Hence, the name. 
 
 THERIOTOSIIE, s. f., theriotomia, f. 
 (/>>, a wild animal, TO/**, incision), L., die 
 Thierzergliederung, G., dissection of the 
 lower animals. THEHIOTOMISTE, s. m., 
 der Thierzergliederer, G., theriotomist : 
 a practitioner of theriotomy. 
 THERMAL,adj. thermaiis(0,warmth) 
 L.: an epithet applied to mineral waters 
 
 21
 
 THO 
 
 which possess a temperature higher than 
 that of the atmosphere surrounding their 
 site of issue from theearth's surface: in Zo- 
 ology,and Botany, to animals,and plants; 
 which, as Paludina , et Nymphcea therma- 
 lis, inhabit thermal waters. THERMES, s. m. 
 pi., \ 6i^ai, thermae, L., warme (bes. 
 die natiirlichen) Biider, G., warm (especi- 
 ally thermal) baths. 
 
 THERMOMETBE.s.m., thermometrum, 
 n. (0'sBftv, warmth, ^sr^v, a measure), L., 
 der Thermometer, Warmemesser, G.: in 
 Physics, an instrument employed for measur- 
 ing the temperature of bodies. The instru- 
 ment, when constructed to indicate a very 
 elevated temperature, is termed a pyrome- 
 ter; when low temperatures, THERMO- 
 SCOPE, s. m., thermoscopium, n. L. The 
 thermometers, principally used, are those of 
 Celsius, Reaumur, and Fahrenheit. 
 
 THON, s. m.: in Ichthyology, a species, 
 Scomber thynnus, o 6uwos, der Thun- 
 fisch.die Spanische Makrele,G., the tun- 
 ny, belonging to genus, SCOMBRE. 
 
 THORACENTESE,s.f, thoracentesis, vel 
 thoracccentesis,f.L., AieDurchbohrunydes 
 Brustkastens, G., perforation, xsv<r<nj, 
 of the parietes of the chest, &^a|, in the 
 operation forempyema, see EMPYEME. 
 
 THORACHIQUE,THORAClQUE,adj., tho- 
 
 racicus,L., pertainingto theTnoHAx: an 
 epithet, in its varied applications to Anato- 
 my, Zoology, Pathology, andTherapeutics, 
 generally synon. with, but more compre- 
 hensive than, PECTORAL ; and especially 
 employed, in Zootomy, to designate parts, 
 and organs, to which the latter is not cor- 
 rectly applicable; as the parietes, AieBrust- 
 wande,G., which,distinguished in to seve- 
 ral Regions, Reg. thoraciques, F., circum- 
 scribe the thoracic cavity, cavum , and 
 protect the organs, viscera ihoracis, I;., 
 therein contained ; the portion of aorta. 
 die fir5iaorte, comprized within those 
 parietes, and the smaller arteries, Arteres 
 thoraciques, F., die .Brusrschlagadern, 
 which, consisting principally, of the iuter- 
 nal thoracic, MAMMAIRE interne, the su- 
 perior and the inferior external, branches of 
 the axillary ,and the thoracico-humeral, die 
 jBrws/schuiterschlagader,G., seeAcnoMi- 
 AL, are distributed upon them ; the tho- 
 racic ganglia, die jBn/knoten,G., of the 
 great sympathetic nerve; the great thoru- 
 cteor mediastinal <7/arf, see THYMUS; and 
 the thoracic duct, derfirws^gang, or main 
 trunk of the absorbent system. In Physi- 
 ology, the temperament, T. thoracique,Y., 
 or constitution, characterized by a marked 
 predominance of the thoracic organs. In 
 Ichthyology ,the3rd Order of Pisces Ossei, 
 P. thoracici, of Linnaeus; comprehending 
 those Fishes in which the ventral or abdo- 
 minal is placed immediately below the pec- 
 toral or thornric tin. 
 
 514 
 
 THY 
 
 THOIIACODYNIE, s. f., thoracoii ynia, L 
 (0&>a%, the thorax, tivvy, pain), L.., der 
 Brustschmerz, G., pain in the thoracic re- 
 gion. THORACOSCOPIE,S. f., thoracoscopia, 
 f. (same, and ffKtv'iu, to examine), L., the 
 art of examiiny,by percussion, or by steth- 
 oscope, the human thorax. 
 
 THORACO-FACIAL, THORACO-MAXILLI- 
 FACIAL, s. m., et adj. : terms employed, 
 by Chaussier, and Dumas, respectively, to 
 designate ihePlatysma myoidesmusc\e, see 
 PEAUCIER ; from its connections with the 
 integuments of the thorax, the maxilla infe- 
 rior, and the face. 
 
 THORAX, s. m. F., et L., tu^, der 
 Thorax, Brustkasten, G. : in Man, and the 
 other Verttbrata, that portion of the trunk ; 
 which, interposed between the cervix and 
 cranium,above or anteriorly,and abdomen, 
 below or posteriorly, constitutes a large ca- 
 vity, hence termed cavity of the thorax, 
 seeTHOHACiQUE. This cavity contains the 
 principal organs, die Brustorgane,G., of 
 circulation and respiration; and isinternal- 
 ly lined by two membranous sacks, see 
 PLEVRE,fromtheunion, aclossement,Y ., 
 of which result the mediastina, see ME- 
 DIASTINE. In Mammifera, and Birds, it is, 
 more or less perfectly, separated from the 
 abdomen by a muscular septum, see Di- 
 APHRAGME ; and bounded, in all other di- 
 rections, by the ribs, sternum, and dorsal 
 or thoracic vertebrae, die Brustwirbel, G. 
 
 In the Articulata, the term, thora.r, is ap- 
 plied, by some Zootomists, to the whole 
 trunk, or portion of body comprized be- 
 tween the head and abdomen ; by others, to 
 the superior or dorsal surface, only, of that 
 portion. Modern Entomologists, see Kir- 
 by andSpence, Introduction to Entomology, 
 vol. iii; and Burmeister's admirable Manu- 
 al, by Shuckard, p. 74, describe the thorax 
 of Insects, as consisting of three principal 
 segments, which they respectively desig- 
 nate, Pro-, MKSO-, and Metathorax ; each 
 bearing one pair of legs; and the two latter, 
 or only the intermediate segment, a pair 
 of wings, in addition. 
 
 THROMBOSE, s. f., fi fyoftSaffis, throm- 
 bosis,^ L., coagulation; as of the blood, 
 die Gerinmtng des Bluts ; of milk, das 
 Gerinnen der Milch, G. 
 
 THYM, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Thy- 
 mus ( Didynamia, gymnosperm. ; Labialce), 
 L., the Thyme; comprehending many 
 species which possess aromatic, stimulant, 
 and tonic properties. Among these, are es- 
 pecially distinguished \hecommonor garden- 
 thyme, T. vulgaris, le Th. ordinaire, 
 tvfttt, rofoftovr -der gemeine Thimian, G. ; 
 and the wild, T. serpyllum, le Serpolet, 
 der Quindel oder wilder Thimian. 
 
 THYMUS, s. m. F., et L., a tuftts, die 
 Thymusdriise,Brustdruse,G.: in Anatomy, 
 an oblong, flaccid, and lobulated organ ; si-
 
 THY 
 
 tuated in the anterior mediastinum of the 
 human foetus, and that ofdivers A/anuai/mi. 
 Extending, in infancy, from the thyroid 
 gland to the diaphragm, it gradually disap- 
 pears in the progress of age. Its arteries, 
 Arteres thymiques, F., are, principally, 
 supplied bv the inferior thyroideal,internal 
 mammary," bronchial, and mediastinal : its 
 veins, venae thymicee, L., exhibit a cor- 
 responding disposition. It receives nervous 
 filaments from the pneumo-gastric anddia- 
 phragmatic nerves, and inferior cervical 
 ganglion. The uses of the thymus gland 
 are utterly unknown. See Cooper's Anato- 
 my of the Thytnus Gland, 4to. London. 1832. 
 
 THYRO-ARYTKNOIDIEX, adj., thyreo- 
 ary taenoides vel -ary tEenoideus, L. : an epi- 
 thet employed, in Anatomy, to designate 
 parts, or organs, which extend between, or 
 connect, the thyroidandarytenoidca.rtiiages; 
 as, 1. certain ligaments, L. thyro-aryltnoi- 
 diens, ou CORDES vocalcs, F., ligamenta 
 /hyreoarytteiioidea, L., die Stimmbiinder, 
 G. ; and 2. a muscle, M.thyro-aryt.i'no'idien, 
 Thyreo-aryttenoideits, der Schild- Giexs- 
 beckenmuske\, existing on each side. A 
 portion of the Arytcenoideus muscle, see 
 ARYTEKOIDIEK, constitutes, also, le M. 
 thyro-arylenoidien, of Santorini. 
 
 THYROCELE, s. f., thyreocele, f. L. : a 
 swellingot' the/ hy raid gland, AieGcschwullst 
 der AWjJWdriist.', G., and consequently, sy- 
 nonymous with GOITRE; and THVRONCIE, 
 s. f., thyreoncus, m. L.; of obvious deriv- 
 ation: also, an hernia-like protrusion of the 
 mucous membrane of the larynx. 
 
 -LHYRO-Xj 1'IGLiOT TIQUE, S. 111., et aflj. : 
 
 the name of a muscle, Thyreo-Epiulotlicus, 
 vel -Epiglotlideits, L., der Schild- Kehidec- 
 A-e/muskel,G.; which extends, on each side, 
 from the thyroid cartilage to epiglottis. lie- 
 garded, by some Anatomists, as the exter- 
 nal portion of le THYRO-ARYTENOIDIEN. 
 
 THYRO-HYOIDIEN, adj. : an epithet em- 
 ployed, in Anatomy, to designate, l.a pair of 
 muscles, M. Thyro-hyo'idiens, H YO-Tn Y- 
 RO'I'DIENS, Thyreohyoidei, L., die Schild- 
 zungenbeinmuskeln. G. ; and, 2. a fibrous 
 membrane, j\f.thyro-hyoidienne,V., mem- 
 branathyreohi/oidea; as extending from the 
 thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone. 
 
 THYROIDE, adj., fu^m^s, thyreoides, 
 L., schildformig, G. : resembling, in fig- 
 ure, a shield, Sv^tl;, ein Schild, G.; as, in 
 Anatomy, 1. a cartilage, Cart, thyro'ide, ou 
 scutiforme, F., (vomtiV/i; ^'av^/is, cartilago 
 thyreoidea, L., der Schildknorpe\,G., the 
 largest of those constituting the larynx, 
 and situated at its anterior part; and 2. a 
 gland, Glande ou Corps thyro'ide, glandu- 
 la thyreoidea vel corpus thyreoideum, L., 
 die -ScAj'A/druse.G., whose function is un- 
 known; covering the anterior inferior por- 
 tion of the larynx, and superior rings of 
 the trachea, and consisting of two lateral 
 
 315 
 
 TIB 
 
 lobes, die Seitenlappen, G., which are 
 connected by a transverse production, 
 termed the isthmus of the thyroid gland. 
 Its nerves are supplied by the pneumogas- 
 tric and the cervical ganglia. For an ac- 
 count of the blood-vessels, see 
 
 THYRO'I'DIEN, adj.: connected with the 
 thyroid cartilage; as the thi/roideal mem- 
 brane, J/.CRICO-TH YROIDIENNE : distri- 
 buted upon, or emanating from, the thyroid 
 i/land; as, 1. the thyroideal arteries, Arlc- 
 res thyro'idiennes, F., of which, a. the supe- 
 rior, obere AYAtWschlagader, G., is a 
 
 branch of the external carotid; and, b. the 
 inferior, untereScAiYc/schlag., of thesuh- 
 clavian: and, 2. Veins, Venae thyreoidea,Ij., 
 die Schilddriisenbhitadern, G.; distin- 
 guished into two superior, and several mid- 
 dle, les Veines thyro'idiennes supirieures, et 
 moyenncs, F., which pour their blood into 
 the internal jugular; and two inferior, in- 
 ferieures, which, having formed, by their 
 anastomosis, a remarkable venous plexus, 
 PI. sous-thyro'idien, in front of the trachea, 
 terminate, upon the left side, in the corres- 
 ponding subclavian ; on the right, in the 
 superior vena cava. 
 
 TIIYRO-PHARYNGIEN, s. m., and adj., 
 thyreopharyngeus, L.: a term applied, by 
 divers Anatomists, to ihe middle portion of 
 Constrictor phari/ngis inferior, muscle, see 
 CONSTRICTEUR: the inferior and superior 
 portions, respectively,constituting the Cri- 
 co- e\.Syndesmo-pharynyeus, seeCRico-, et 
 SYNDESMO-PHARYNGIEN, of the German. 
 Anatomist, Krause. 
 
 THYRO-STAPHYI.IN, s. m., and adj., 
 thyreo-staphylinus, L. : a term applied, by 
 Doug'as, to Pdlfito-S/aphylinus muscle; by 
 "Winslow, to a portion, only, of that mus- 
 cle, see PALATO-STAPHYI.IN. 
 
 THY BSE, s. ni., 6v%<ra;, thyrsus,tn.L., 
 der Strauss, lilumenstrauss, G.:in Bot- 
 any, a dense panicle ; as exhibited in the in- 
 florescence of Si/rinaa vulgaris. 
 
 TIBI-PEHONEO-TARSIEK, s. m., et adj. : 
 a term applied, by lJumas, to the Peronaus 
 longns muscle, see P^RONIER; from itsdi- 
 vers attachments. 
 
 TIHIA, s. m., f. L., fi xvypc.*, Schien- 
 bein,n.G., shin-bone: in Anatomy, the lar- 
 gest of the two bones of the human leg; si- 
 tuated internally, and anteriorly, to the fi- 
 bula, PEHONE: articulatedwith that bone, 
 the femur, and astragalus; and developed 
 by three points of ossification. In Zoolo- 
 gy, the third piece of the leg of Insects 
 See JAM BE. 
 
 TIBIAI., adj., tibSalis. L.: forming part 
 of, attached to, or connected with, the Ti- 
 bia; as, 1. a process, E'plne tiliale, which 
 separates, 2. the two luberosities or condyles, 
 Tuberosltes ttbiales, condyli iibiie, L.., 
 of the superior extremity of the bone; and, 
 3. its anterior angle or crest, Crete tibiale, 
 
 212
 
 TIN 
 
 crista tibia: 4. an aponeiirosis, Apont- 
 urose tibiale ; and, 5. certain muscles, see 
 JAMBIFR: C. arteries, Arteres tibiales, 
 consisting of the anterior, and posterior tibi- 
 al, and recurrent, vordere, hint ere, und 
 zurucklaufende ,S'cA;>nieischlagader ; and, 
 7. the veins, Venae tibiales, L., corres- 
 ponding in their general distribution : and,8. 
 J\ T erves, Nerfs tibiaux, nervi tibiales, L., 
 AleSckienbeinnerven; of which tliereare, 
 also, an anterior and posterior tibial, Nerf 
 tibial anterieur ( pre'tibio-sus-plantaire), 
 et posterieur (branche tibiale du nerf femo- 
 ro-poplite', de Chaussier). 
 
 TIBIO-CALCANIEN, s.m.,and adj. : a term 
 applied,by Chaussier, to the SoJeus, muscle, 
 
 SeeSOLKAIRE, leTlBIO-PERONEI-CAL- 
 
 c AN IEN, of Dumas; from its attachments to 
 the<;6iaandoscrt/ds.TiBio-MAi,i.fcor,AiRE, 
 adj. : by the same, to Vena saphena inter- 
 no, see SAPHENE. 
 
 TlBIO-SoUS-PHALANGETTIENC0mntttt,S. 
 
 in. : a term applied, by Chaussier, to Flex- 
 or longus digitoi'um pedis, muscle, see FLE- 
 CHISSEUR ; from its attachments. TIBIO- 
 SOUS-TARSIEN, TIBIO-SUS-TARSIEN, s.m., 
 et adj. : on like principle, by the same, to 
 Tibialis poslicus,et anticus, muscles, respec- 
 tively, see JAMBIER. The first of these 
 two is le TIBIO-TARSIEN, of Dumas. 
 
 TiERCE,adj,, rgiraio;, tertianus,L., 
 tertian : recurring every third day ; as, in 
 Pathology, &fever,^Fievre tierce, r^iTa,'ios 
 ru^tras, febris tertiana,ii., dreit'dligesYie- 
 ber, G., of the intermittent type. Ter- 
 tian fever exhibits the same principal vari- 
 eties, la double tierce, tierce doublee, et tri- 
 ple tierce, as the quartan, see QUARTE. 
 
 TIGE,S. f., axauXas, caulis, f. L., der 
 Stamm, Stengel, G.: in Botany, the trunk, 
 stem, or stalk, der Stamm eines Baums, 
 Krauter.sfcn0e/,G., of tree or other plant : 
 in Zoology, the stem, or portion to which 
 are attached the barbs, of quill or feather. 
 In Anatomy, ^process, T.PITUITAIRE, ou 
 sus-sphenoidale, of the pituitary gland. 
 
 TILIACEES, s. f. pi., Tiliacea, L,., die 
 Linden- Familie, G. : in Botany, a Family 
 of dicotyledonous poly petalous plants, with 
 hypogynous stamens; having, tor type, the 
 genus, Tilia, see 
 
 TILI.EUL, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, Ti- 
 lia ( Polyandria, monogyn.),\j., dieLinde, 
 der Lindenbaum, G., Lime- or Linden- 
 tree. Thejlowers of the common species, 
 T. europcea, n (p/XXu^sa ?, Tilleul commun, 
 F., die europaische Linde, G., are re- 
 puted antispasmodic, and diuretic. 
 
 TINTEMENT foreille, see TINTOUIN. 
 T.melallique, tinnimentummetnllicum, L : 
 in Pathology, the peculiar tinkling sound ; 
 which, when heard on stethoscopic exami- 
 nation of the human chest, constitutes an 
 important pathognomic sign. See Forbes* 
 Translation of Laennec, 3rd Edition, p. 59. 
 
 516 
 
 TOP 
 
 TINTOUIX, s. in., tinnitus annum, I,., 
 das Bravsen, od. Klinyen der Ohren,G , 
 noise, ringing, in the ears, a common conse- 
 quenceofcerebral disturbances-congestion. 
 
 TIRE-BALLE, TIRE-FOND, TIRE-TETE, 
 s. m. : the designations of instruments em- 
 ployed, respectively, in French chirurgical 
 and obstetric practice, for the extraction of 
 balls from gunshot-wounds; the elevation 
 of depressed portions of cranium ; and the 
 liberation of the head of the dead child in 
 difficult parturition. 
 
 TISANE, s. , * ?rT/<ravjj, ptisana, f. L., 
 die Ptisane, Tisane, G., ptisan : decoc- 
 tion of barley, der Gerstentrank, or o- 
 ther mucilaginous substance; largely em- 
 ployed, as a diluent beverage, in French 
 practice. 
 
 Tissu, s. m., tissue: in Anatomy, the 
 designation of the different elements which 
 constitute, by their assemblage, the anim- 
 al organs. Bichat, see his Anatomie Ge- 
 nerale, admitted the existence of twenty- 
 one simple tissues ; but, by later Anatom- 
 ists, the number has been reduced to thir- 
 teen. These are the cellular or luminous; 
 the adipose; the vascular, comprehending 
 those of the arteries, veins, and absorbent 
 vessels ; the nervous ; the osseous ; the fi- 
 brous, including thedermoid and fibro-car- 
 tilaginous; the cartilaginous ; the muscular; 
 the erectile; the mucous; the serous and sy- 
 novial; the corneous or epidermic; and, last- 
 ly, the parenchymatous or glandular. 
 
 TOMENTEUX, adj., tomentosus, L., 
 filzig, G., nappy : clothed with short and 
 thickly-set hairs, or nap, tomentum,\j.; as, 
 in Zoology, the corselet of divers Scarabati: 
 in Botany, the stem of Bromus tomentosus ; 
 the leafat'Solanum tomentosum,and the peri- 
 carp of Amygdalus communis. 
 
 TOMOTOCIE, s. f., tomotocia, f. L. : a 
 term synon. with HYSTEROTOMOTOCIE. 
 
 TON, s. m., a rates, tonus, m. L., der 
 Tonus, Ton,G., tone : in Physiology, the 
 natural state of tension and firmness of or- 
 gans. TONICITE, s. f., tonicitas, f. L., 
 tonicity : the faculty whereby the general 
 tone of the solids is determined. The ex- 
 cess of tonicity constitutes erethism; its de- 
 fect, atony. TONIQUE, adj., nvanxo;, 
 tonicuSjL., tonisch, G.: imparting lone or 
 vigour; as, in Therapeutics, tonic remedies, 
 TO. Tatnarixa, starkende, tonische Mittel. 
 
 TONSILLAIRE, adj., tonsillaris, L.: dis- 
 tributed upon, or implicating, the tonsil, 
 TONSILLE, s. f., tonsilla, f. L., or tonsils, 
 TO, vuiff6uiK, see AMYGDALE; as, in A- 
 natomy, the tonsiUar artery, a branch of the 
 labial or facial : in Pathology, tonsillar in- 
 flammation, TONSILLITE, s. f., tonsillit- 
 is, f. L., see AMYGDALITE. 
 
 TOPIOUE, adj., -revixos, topicus, L., 
 topisch, G. : an epithet synon. with LOCAL : 
 TO. rev-ma, (<fia.afiaxa), topical remedies.
 
 TOU 
 
 ToRMENTiLi.E,s.f.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Tormentilla (Icosandria,polyf/yn. ; Rosacece ), 
 L., die Tormentill, G. The root, of the 
 common Septfoil, T. erecta, leTorm. droit, 
 is powerfully astringent. 
 
 TOKPEUR, a. f., torpor, m. L., synon. 
 with ENGOURDISSEMENT. 
 
 TORPILLE, s. f.: in Ichthyology, a genus 
 of Cartilaginous Fishes, Torpedo ; pertaining 
 to the modern Family of the Raiidce ; and 
 so designated, from the extraordinary pow- 
 er possessed by the species which compose 
 the genus, of secreting an electric fluid ca- 
 pable of inducing numbness and torpor of 
 the limbs of those upon whom the shock is 
 inflicted. The best-known European spe- 
 cies is the common Cramp-fish, T. vulgar is, 
 der Zitter-, Krampf-, oder 7Ym6fisch,G ., 
 Ruia torpedo, of Linnaeus. 
 
 ToRRfcFACTiON, s. f., torrefactio, f. L,., 
 dasDorren,G.: the operation of roasting 
 or parching. TORREFIE, adj. , torrefactus, 
 dorren : subjected, to such process. 
 
 TORTICOLLIS, s. m.: lateral flexure of 
 the neck; from rheumatic affection of the 
 cervical muscles, see OBSTIPITK. 
 
 TORTUE, s. f. : in Herpetology, a genus 
 ofChelonian Reptiles, Tesludo,Lj., seeCHk- 
 I.ONEE ; constituting the type of the Tor- 
 toise-Family, seeTESTUDiNEEs; and com- 
 prehending several exclusively terrestrial 
 species; whose edibleflesh constitutes the ba- 
 sis of a broth or soup much eulogized, by the 
 French, for its marvellous efficacy in scor- 
 butic and phthisical affections. The most 
 familiar example of tortoise is, T. grcecci, 
 tixus %igiraiK, die Grieschische oder Afri- 
 kanische Schildkrote, G. 
 
 TOUCHER, s. m.: in Physiology, one of 
 the five external senses, see TACT : in 
 Obstetrics, the operation of introducing a 
 ringer into the vagina, with the view of as- 
 certaining the condition of that canal and 
 the uterus, incases of suspected malform- 
 ation, disease, or pregnancy, or during the 
 process of parturition. 
 
 TOURVESOL, s. m.: in Botany, the popu- 
 lar designation of Heliantfuu annuus, le 
 Soleil, F., der gemeineiS'0nnenWwj,G., 
 and other plants whose flowers exhibit the 
 curious phenomenon of heliotropism, HE- 
 LIOTROFISME: in Chemistry, a colouring- 
 matter, litmus; prepared from aLichen of 
 the genus, Roccell/i, see ORSEILLE; and 
 constituting a delicate test for the detection 
 of the presence of acids. 
 
 TOURNIOLE, s.f.: in Surgical Pathology, 
 a common variety ot' trhitlow, PAXARIS. 
 
 TouRNiauET, s. in., die Schrauben- 
 binde, Aderpresse, G.: an instrument em- 
 ployed, by Surgeons, to suspend the circu- 
 lation of blood in the limbs during the per- 
 formance of the greater operations; to sup- 
 press haemorrhage from wounded arteries ; 
 and effect the reduction, or cure, of certain 
 
 517 
 
 TEA 
 
 aneurismal tumours, by compression. The 
 tourniquet is said to have been invented,by 
 the French Surgeon, Morel, at the siege of 
 Besan9on, in 1674. 
 
 Toux, s. f., tussis, f. L , /> fi?i%, der 
 Husten, G., a cough. Tussis convulsiva 
 infantum vel ferina, see COQUELUCHE. 
 
 TOXICOLOGIE, s. f., toxicologia, f. (rofyx- 
 ov, poison, x'oyos, a discourse), L., dieToxi- 
 kologie,Gift!ehre,G., a discourse,or Trea- 
 tise on poisons; as the admirable Traite. des 
 Poisons, ou Toxicologie Generate, of Orfila. 
 ToxmuE,adj., T|<*ey, toxicus,!.., gif- 
 tig, G.: anepithet generally designative of 
 poisonous substances, TO. <ro%ixa. 
 
 TRACHEAL, adj., trachealis, L. : per- 
 taining to, or implicating, the trachea \ as, 
 in Anatomy, the tracheal veins, Veines 
 trachtales, ou thyro'idrennes inferleures, see 
 THYROIDIEN, of Winslow : in Patholo- 
 gy, tracheal inflammation, TRACHEITE. 
 
 TRACHEE, s. f, trachea, f. L. : in Zoo- 
 logy, the designation of the minute tubes, 
 les Trache.es, F., trachece, L., die Luft- 
 rohreti, G. ; which, commencing, on the ex- 
 terior, by the orifices named stigmata, see 
 STIGMATE, are destined to convey air 
 into the interior of the body of Insects, and 
 other of the Artictilata : in Botany, the spi- 
 ral vessels, Vaisseaux aeriens, Luft- oder 
 Spiralgefiisse der Prlanzen; as executing 
 a like purpose in the economy, of plants. 
 
 TRACHEEX, adj. : an epithet applied, by 
 Cuvier and Latreille. loan Older of Class, 
 Araclmida, A. Trachearea, L., Arachnid- 
 es Tracheenes, F. ; which, as the Acaridae, 
 respire by trachea. 
 
 TRACHKE-ARTERE, s. f., see ARTERE : 
 in Anatomy, the tube, trachea, f. L., die 
 Luftrohre,G.. windpipe, destined,inthe 
 first four of the Pulmonated Classes of the 
 Vcrtcbrata, to convey atmospheric air into 
 the lungs. In Man, it extends from the 
 base of the LARYNX, to the bronchia, see 
 BRONCHE, which, about the level of the 
 third dorsal vertebra, result from its bifur- 
 cation ; and consists of fibre-cartilaginous 
 lings united by fibrous and lined, intern- 
 ally, with mucous membrane, and of some 
 indistinct and transversely situated muscu- 
 lar fibres- Its blood-vessels are supplied by, 
 or connected with, the superior and inferior 
 thyroideal. Its nerves emanate from the 
 pneumogastric and the cervical ganglia. 
 
 THACHEIT E, TRACHELITE, s. f., trache- 
 itis, f. L., dieLuftrohrenentzundung, G., 
 inflammation of the trachea. 
 
 TRACHELAGRE, s. f., trachelagra,f. (T^- 
 X,ri*.os, the neck, ay^u., seizure), L , das 
 gichtischeoderrheumatische.Hafctce/&,G.. 
 gouty or rheumatic pain in the neck. 
 
 TRACHELO-ATLOIDO-BASILAIRE: a term 
 applied, by Dumas, to Rectus cajiitis iatera- 
 lis, muscle, ATLoino-Sous-OcciPiTAi,, 
 Ch.; from its attachment?!, see DROIT.
 
 TRA 
 
 TRACHKI.IEN, adj.. Tga.%tts.ia.7oi, tra- 
 chelianus, I..., zum Hake gehorig, G., 
 trachelian : pertaining to the neck. Synon. 
 with CERVICAL. 
 
 TRACHELo-ANGf?LT-ScAPULAiRE, s. m., 
 et adj. : a term applied, by Dumas, to Le- 
 vator Scapula, muscle, TRACHELO-SCAPU- 
 I.AIRE, of Chaussier, see ANGULAIRE; 
 from its attachments. 
 
 TRACHELO-ATLOIDO-OCCIPITAL, S. m., 
 
 et adj. : a term applied, by Dumas, to Ob- 
 li(/uus capitis superior, muscle, ATLOIDO- 
 Sus-MASToirjiEN, of Chaussier, see OB- 
 LIQUE; from its attachments. TRACHELO- 
 BASILAIRE, s. m.,et adj.: by ihesame,and 
 on like principle, to Rectiis capitis internus 
 major, et minor, TRACHELO-Sous-OcciPi- 
 TAL, of Chaussier, see DROIT. 
 
 TKACHKLO-CERVICAL, adj.: a term ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to Arteriacervkalis pro- 
 /M<7,ordinarily a branchof thesubclavian. 
 
 TRAcnkLo-CosTAL,s. m.. etadj.: a term 
 applied, by Dumas, to the Scnleni, muscles, 
 COSTO-TRACHELIEN. of Chaussier. 
 
 TRACHELO-DiAPHBAGJiATiftUE,adj.: an 
 e])ilhet applied, by Chaussier, to the fourth 
 pair of cervical , das vierte Paar der Cer- 
 vical nerven,G.;as specially destined to sup- 
 ply the duiphrar/miitic nerves. TKACHE- 
 i.o- DORSAL, adj. : : by the same, to the elev- 
 enth or accessory nerves, see NERF; from 
 their origin and" distribution. 
 
 TRACHELO-MASTOI'DIKN, TRACHELO- 
 OCCIPITAL, s. m., et adj. : terms applied, 
 by Chaussier, to Complexiis minor, et major, 
 muscles, respectively. The former is Tra- 
 chelo-mrtstoideus, of British, and der Hals- 
 wirbslzitzenforsatzmuskel, of German an- 
 atomical writers. 
 
 TRACHELOPHYME, s. m., trachelophy- 
 ma, n.(<r;j}Xa?, the neck, <pu/sta,a. swelling), 
 Li.: according tothe/YencALexicographers, 
 a synonym of GOITRE : to the German, 
 swelling of the posterior part of the neck. 
 
 TRACHELo-Sous-CrTANE, adj.: an epi- 
 thet applied, by Chaussier, 1. to the exter- 
 nal jugular vein, Veins trachclo-soua-cu fa- 
 nee ; and, 2. to the nerves, Ncrfs trachi- 
 lo-smts-cutanes, of the cervical plexus. 
 
 TRACHKORRHAGiE,s.f., tracheorrhagia, 
 f.(rait%t7a,ihe trachea. p*<ywpi,to burstout), 
 Jj., der Luftrohrenblutfluss, G. : h(emor- 
 rhaffefrom : TRACHEOTOMIE, s. f., tra- 
 cheotomia, f. (same, and rap.*, incision), L., 
 der Luftrohrenschnitt, G., tracheoto- 
 my: in Surgery, incision of. the -trachea. 
 
 TRAGIEN, adj. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the Traaicus muscle, M.tra- 
 r/ien, F., Muskel der Ecke,G.; as pertain- 
 ing to the,TRAGus.s.m. (r^dyo;, a he-goat), 
 F., et L. : a triangular cartilage of the ex- 
 ternal ear, der vordere Ohrknorpel, der 
 Ohrecke, G. ; situated anteriorly to the 
 meatus auditoriusexternus ; and so named 
 from becoming hairy in the progress of age. 
 
 518 
 
 TRA 
 
 TRAKCHEES, s. f. pi., tormina, I,., die 
 Bauchgrimmen, Kneipen im Leibe, G., 
 violent griping pains, colic. uterines, F., 
 tonnina post partum, L., die Nuchicehen, 
 G., after-pains : the pains which ordina- 
 rily succeed parturition. 
 
 TRANSFU&ION de Sana, s. f. trans fit sio 
 sanguinis, I-.. die Transfusion, des Ueber- 
 leiten des B lutes, G. : the operation by 
 which the blood of one animal is trans- 
 ferred into the vessels of another. 
 
 TRANSPARENT,adj., transparens, lj., 
 see CORNEE, et DIAPHAXE. 
 
 TRANSPIRATION, s. f., transpiratio, f. 
 Ij., die Ausdiinstung. G. TV. ctitanee, 
 see DIAPHORESE. pulmonairc: the ex- 
 halation which incessantly takes place from 
 the bronchial membrane. 
 
 TRANSPOSITION, s. f., transpositio, f. 
 I,., fj fi'Ttihfis, die "Versetzung, G., 
 change of place. TV. des risceres: a conge- 
 nital malformation ; which consists in the 
 trnnxfernC organs ordinarily situated on one 
 side, to the other, of the animal body. 
 
 TRANSSUPATION, s. f , transsudatio, f. 
 Jj., das Durchschwitzen, -diinsten, G., 
 transudation: the act of ooziny through the 
 structures of a porous body. 
 
 TRANSVERSAIRE, adj.: an epithet, in A- 
 natomy, generally designativeoftheorgans, 
 seel'RANsvERSE, which pursue a trans- 
 vcr .redirection, and, more especially, of those 
 which, as the following muscles, are attach- 
 ed to the transverse processes of the verte- 
 brae : 1 . Muscle fransversaire ( grand trans- 
 vers. du cou, Winslow ; partie du Sacro-spinal, 
 Ch.), Transversalis colli, L., der Queer- 
 muskel des Nackens, G. : 2. transversaire 
 epineii.v ( Portion lombo-cervicale du muscle 
 spinal, Ch.), Multifidus spina>, vielspal- 
 tener Riickgratsmuskel; 3 premier Irans- 
 versaire anterieur du cou ; and, 4. Muscles 
 petits transversaires, anterieurs, et poslcri- 
 eurs, du cou: terms applied, by Winslow, 
 respectively, to Rectus capitis laterafis, and 
 Intertransversalescolli,musc\es. See DROIT, 
 et INTERTRANSVERSAIRE. 
 
 TRANSVERSAL, ou TRANSVERSE, adj., 
 transversalis, transversus, L., quer, G. : 
 an epithet designative, in Anatomy, of or- 
 gans, or parts of organs, blood-vessels, and 
 sinuses, which are situated in, or pursue, a 
 transverse direction ; as, 1. certain process- 
 es, Apophyses transvcrses des verlebres, 
 Processus/nm.swrsi (die Qeerfbrtsatze,G.) 
 vertebrarum, L. : 2. sundry Muscles, M. 
 transversaux, ou transverses ; of which are 
 ordinarily enumerated, a. Transversal de la 
 conqtie, see CONCHO-ANTHELICIEN; b. 
 Trait sv. des orteils, Transi-ersalis pedis, 
 Qw'ermuskel der Fusssohle, G., META- 
 
 TAHSO-SOUS-PHALANGIEN^ C. 7V<7sr. du 
 
 nez( Sus-Maxillo-Facial,Ch.), Compres- 
 sor, vel Trian/ftilaris nasi, and Xusammen- 
 driickcr der Nasc, of British and German
 
 THE 
 
 Anatomists ; d. Transverse de l\ibdomen 
 ( LOMBO- ABDOMINAL, Ch.), Transvers- 
 alis vel Transversus abdominis, L., Queer- 
 er Bauchmuskel, G.; and, e. Transverse du 
 perinee( IscHio-PfcRiNkAL,Ch.), Trans- 
 versus perintei, queerer Danmiuskel : 3. 
 clivers Arteries, Arteres transversales, F. ; 
 of which may be particularized, a. that of 
 the face, Arteria transversalis f'aciei, L., 
 queere Antlitzschlagader, G.. a branch of 
 the temporal; b of the neck, tra-iisversa- 
 liscolli, i/MeereHalsschlag.; c. of the should- 
 er, transversalis scapulse, queere oder o- 
 bere Schulterschlag. ; and, d of the peri- 
 neum, trnnsv.perinsei, Dammschlagader, 
 see URETHRO-BULBAIRE : and, 4. the 
 transverse sinuses, Sittus trunsverses (sin. 
 transucrsi, L., die Q<?erblutleiter, G.) de 
 la dure mere, F., of the dura mater. 
 
 TRANSVERSO-SPINAL, s. m., et adj.: a 
 term applied, by Dumas, to a dorsal muscle, 
 le TRANSVERSAIRE E'pineux, of preceding 
 Anatomists. 
 
 THAPEZE, s. m., etadj.: the designation, 
 in Anatomy, 1. of a bone of the human carp- 
 us, Os trapeze, seeCARPE : 2. of a dors- 
 al muscle, der Kappenmuskel, G., see 
 
 DORSO-SUS-ACKOMIEN. 
 
 TRAPEZIFORME, TRAPEZOI'DE, adj., 
 jHri(Mktf,rfM'*fcw, trapeziformis,tra- 
 pezodes, L.: resembling the geometrical fi- 
 gure, trapezium, -rf>ttvit,ie>: as, in Anatomy, 
 1. a carpal bone, Os trapezo'ide, F., see 
 CARPE, derzweiteKnochen inder zweit- 
 en Itfciheder Handwurzel.G.; and, 2. a ///- 
 ainent, Ligamentum trapezodes, L , der 
 vordere Theil des Lig. coraco-claviculare, 
 welcher schrag zwischen dem Akrornion 
 und dem Schliisselbein liegt. 
 
 TRAUMATIClUE,adj., r^UfiariKc;, trail- 
 
 maticus, L., traumatisch,G.?: resulting 
 from, or promoting the cure of, a wound, 
 T^avfj-a., \Vunde,f. G. ; as, in Pathology, 
 trawnali.cTet.anus, seeTkTANOS : in Ther- 
 apeutics, traumatic remedies, TO, T^avyatTt- 
 xa, wundeitheilcnde Arzneien, G. 
 
 TRLPAN, s. m., ro rgvfuvov, trepanum 
 vel trypanum, n., modiolus, m. L., der 
 Trepan, Kopfbohrer, G. : an instrument 
 employed, by Surgeons, for the perforation, 
 and removal, of portions of depressed or 
 fractured, or carious bone. Hence, the 
 trepan has been, by some chirurgical wri- 
 ters, distinguished into the perj'orative and 
 e.rfoliatice, le Trep. perforatif, et erfoliatif. 
 TREPANATION, s. f, trepanatio, f. Li., 
 trepanning: the act of per/oration, j TJ!- 
 ftfft;, of the cranial bones or sternum, 
 die Durchbohrung der Kopfknochen, des 
 Brustbeins, u.s.w., G., or other pieces of 
 the osseous System, with the trepan. 
 
 TREPHINE, s. f, trephina, f. Ij., die 
 Trephine, der Handtrepan, kleine Trepan, 
 G., trephine : the improved trepan, em- 
 ployed by British Surgeons. 
 
 519 
 
 Till 
 
 TRIANDRE, adj., triandrus, adj., drei- 
 mannig, G., triandrous : an epithet gene- 
 rally designative of plants whose flowers. 
 flores triandri, L., dreimannige Bliithen, 
 G., exhibit ; and, specifically, of those 
 which, as AJercurialis triandra, are distin- 
 guished, from their congeners, by the pos- 
 session of three male organs. See 
 
 TRIANDRIE, s. f., Triandr'w, f. (rjsi>, 
 three, a.v>^ iv&tes, a male), L. : the desig- 
 nation of 3rd Class, and of four Orders, in 
 the Sexual System, of Linnaeus; compre- 
 hending plants whose flowers are furnished 
 with three male organs or stamens. TRI- 
 ANDRiQDE,sidj., triandricus,L., zurTYi- 
 andrie gehb'rig, G., pertaining to Class, 
 Triandria. 
 
 TRIANGULAIRE, adj., T^yuvas, trian- 
 gularis, L., dreyeckig, dreykantig, G. : an 
 epithetapplied.in Anatomy, to divers parts, 
 and organs, which exhibit the figure of the 
 triangle ; as, 1. a bone, Os triangulaire de 
 Blasius, see WORMIEN, of the posterior 
 fontanelle : 2. certain muscles ; of which 
 there are, a. that of the nose, Muscle tri- 
 angul. du nez, see TRANSVERSAL ; b of 
 the lips, triana. deslevres, seeABAissEUR; 
 c. of the sternum, trianyul. du sternum, 
 Trianyularis sterni, L,.,dreieckiger Brust- 
 beinmuskel, G. ; d of the coccyx, triana. 
 du coccyx, see Iscmo-CoccYGiEN : and, 
 3. the triangular ligaments of the liver, liga- 
 menta triangular M, dextrum et sinistrum, 
 hepatis, I,. In Zoology, and Botany, spe- 
 cifically designative oi animals, and plants ; 
 whose organs, as the shell of Cyclas , and 
 the stem of Cactus triangularis, exhibit a tri- 
 angular configuration. 
 
 '1 Rit'APSuLAiRE.adj., tricapsularis,L., 
 tricapsular : an epithet applied to fruits, 
 which result from the union of three cap- 
 sules, Irium capsularum, Ij. 
 
 TRICEPS, s. m., et adj. : a term applied, 
 in Anatomy, to certain muscles which ex- 
 hibit three heads, tria capita, L ; as, I. that 
 of the arm, Muscle triceps brachia/( Sca- 
 pulo-Humero Olecranien, Ch.), F., Tri- 
 ceps Extensor cubiti,J-i., dreikopjiger Arm- 
 muskel, G. ; attached, on one hand, to the 
 axillary border of the scapula, and poste- 
 rior surface of os brachii; on the other, to 
 olecranon: and, 2. that of the thigh, TYi- 
 ci.'josc/'M < (//(Tritemoro-rotulien,Ch.), com- 
 posed of the Crureus, see CRURAL, and 
 Vastus exlernits, et internus, seeVASTE, 
 of German and British Anatomists. The 
 Triceps adductor femoris, seeADDUCTEUK, 
 rfm'o;yfyerSchenkelmuskel,G., consti- 
 tutes, also, le Triceps, ou le Triple, de la 
 cuisse, of Winslow. 
 
 TRICHIASE, s. m., n T^ta.ait, trichia- 
 sis, f. L., die Haarkrankheit, G.: a term, 
 in Pathology, applied, 1. to an inversion of 
 the eye-lashes, producing irritation of the 
 eye-bail: 2. a morbid affection of the kid-
 
 Till 
 
 ney, in which filaments, resembling hair, 
 are voided with the urine: and, 3. a pain- 
 ful swelling of the female mamma, le 
 Foil, F., mastodynia pilaris,of Sauvages ; 
 attributed, by the Ancients, to the acci- 
 dental swallowing of a hair. 
 
 TRicHOckpHALE, s. m., Tricocephalus, 
 m. (fgi%, hair, xtQa.*.*, the head), L,. : in 
 Helminthology, the 3rd genus of Entozoa, 
 of Order, Nematoidea, of Rudolphi. One 
 species only, T. hominis, dispar, der 
 menschliche Haarkopf, G., infests the in- 
 testines, and, generally, theccecum, of the 
 human subject. 
 
 TRICHOMA, s. m. Synon. with PLIQUE. 
 
 TRICHOTOME, adj., trichotomus (TW;- 
 rtpia,, division into three parts), I..., drei- 
 theilig, G., trichotomous: three-cleft; as, 
 in Botany, the panicle of Stipa Irichotoma, 
 and the stem of Mirabilis jalapa. 
 
 TRICHURIDE, s. m., Trichuris, f. (^J|, 
 hair, avox, tail), L., die Trichuride, der 
 Haarschwanz, G.: a term applied to the 
 Trichocephalus, see TRICHOCEPHALE, 
 when the hair-like extremity, which more 
 accurate examination has since shewn to 
 constitute the anterior portion of the Ent- 
 ozoon, was regarded as the tail. 
 
 TRicusPiDAL,TRicuspir>E,adj., tricus- 
 pidatus,tricuspis,L., dreispitzig,G., tri- 
 cuspid: exhibiting three points, tres cuspi- 
 des, Ij.; as, in Anatomy, the valve, Val- 
 vule tricuspide ou triglochine, F., valvula 
 tricuspidalis, L., die dreixipfelige Klappe, 
 G., which guards the right auriculo-ven- 
 tricular orifice of the heart: in Zoology, the 
 corselet of Phalangium tricuspidat um : in Bo- 
 tany, the leaf of Sa.iifraga tricuspidata. 
 
 THIDACTYLE, adj., T^KKTU>.OS, tri- 
 dactylus, L.: possessing three /Inyt-rs; as, in 
 Anatomy, certain subjects of hitman mon- 
 strosity: three toes: as, in Zoology, Brady - 
 pus , et Picus tridactylus; or fins, divided, 
 as the jugular of Blennius tridactylus, into 
 three radii : three finger-like divisions ; as, 
 in Botany, the leaf of Saxifraga tridactyla. 
 
 TRIDENTE, adj., dreizahnig, G., tri- 
 dentate: furnished with three teeth, Ires 
 denies, L., or tooth-like processes ; as, in 
 Zoology, the nasal appendage of lihinolo- 
 phus tridens: in Botany, the extremity of 
 the leaf of Genista tridentata. 
 
 TRIFACIAL, adj.: an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the fifth cerebral nerve, see 
 TRIJUMEAU. 
 
 TRIFEMORO-ROTULIEN,TRIFKMORO-TI- 
 Bi-RoTULiEN, s.m., et adj. : terms applied, 
 by Chaussier, and Dumas, respectively, to 
 TRICEPS crural, muscle, of French Anato- 
 mists ; from its attachments. 
 
 TRIFIDE, adj., trifidus, L , dreyspal- 
 tig, G., trifid : three-cleft ; as, in Botany, 
 the corolla of Galium trijidum. 
 
 TRiGASTRiQUE,adj., trigastricus,L., 
 trigastric, three-bellied. THIGLOCHYN, adj., 
 520 
 
 TRI 
 
 riy*.u%iv, triglochynus,L.: synon.with 
 TRICUSPIDE. 
 
 TRiFLORE,adj., triHorus,L., dreyblu- 
 mig, G., trifloral : bearing three flowers, 
 tres flares, L.. ; as, in Botany, Cytisustrifto- 
 rus. TRiFOLife, adj., trifolialus, L., 
 
 dreiblattrig, G., trifoliate : producing 
 
 /eaves disposed by threes ; or a compound 
 leaf, of three leaflets ; as Panax trifolium ; 
 and Anemone trifoliala. 
 
 TRIGOXE,S. m., TO r^yuvov, trigonum, 
 n. L.., der Dreieck, G., a triangle. T. 
 cerebrale, trigonum cerebri, 1.,. : a term ap- 
 plied, by Chaussier, to the fornix, see 
 VOUTE. T. vesicale, tr. vesicse,L.: a trian- 
 gular surface in the interior of the urinary 
 bladder. TRiGONE.adj., trigonus,L. : sy- 
 non. with TRIANGULAIRE. 
 
 TRIGYNIF,, s. f., F., and G., Trigynia, 
 f. (r^7i, three, ywri, a female) L. : the de- 
 signation of ten Orders, in the Sexual Sys- 
 tem, of Ijinnseus; comprehending plants 
 whose flowers, Flews trigynes, F., drei- 
 weibiye Bliithen, G., exhibit three female 
 organs or pistils. TRIGYNIGUE, adj., tri- 
 gynicus, 1^., zur Trigynie gehorig, G., 
 pertaining to Trigynia. 
 
 TRIJUGUK, adj., trijugus, L., dreipa- 
 arig, G. : composed of three pairs of leaflets; 
 as the compound leaf of Melicocca irijuga. 
 
 TRIJUMEAU, adj., trigeminus, L. : an 
 epithet employ ed,in Anatomy, to designate 
 the fifth pair of cerebral nerves, par quin- 
 tumnervorumencephali, nervus trigeminus 
 vel trifacialis, L., der dreigetheilte Nerv 
 oder Drillingsnerv, G., from its division, 
 within the cranium, into three branches, 
 the ophthalmic, and the superior, and infe- 
 rior maxillary. 
 
 TniLosk, adj., trilobatus, L., drey- 
 lappig, G., trilobate: exhibiting/Am- lobes, 
 tres lobos, \j. ; as, in Zoology, the caudal 
 Jin of Cheilinus trilobatus : in Botany, the 
 leaf of Papaver trilobum, the petal of CEno- 
 thera triloba, and stigma of Lilium, TRILO- 
 CULAIRE, adj., dreifacherig, G. : contain- 
 ing three cavities or cells, tres loculos. L. ; 
 as, in Zoology, the trilocnlar heart of Ilep- 
 tiles, and Amphibia : in Botany, the capsule 
 of Corchonis trilocularis, and the berry of 
 Asparagus officinalis. 
 
 TRiMERE.adj., <rgifi,<(>ii:, trimerus, L. : 
 composed of three pieces or articulations ; as 
 the trimerous tarsi of certain Coleoptera, 
 hence termed Trimera, TRIMERES, s. m. 
 pi., by modern Entomologists. 
 
 TRIOE'CIE, s. f., Trioecia, f. (r^sTs, three, 
 olxi*, a house), L., die Trioicie, oder Tri- 
 oikie, G. : the designation of an Order, of 
 the 23rd Class, of the Sexual System, of 
 Ijinnaeus; comprehending plants which 
 produce male, female, ana hemaphrodite 
 flowers on different individuals of the same 
 species. THIOECIQUK, adj., trioecicus, L., 
 trioecious : pertaining to Trioecia.
 
 mo 
 
 TRipkTALE,adj , 
 raAav, a petal), L., dreiblumenblattrig, 
 G.?, tripetalous: composed of three petals; 
 as, in Botany, the corolla of Helianlliemum 
 Iripetalutn. TRIPHYLLE, adj., <rf/<puAAoj, 
 triphyllus, It., three-leaved, see TRI- 
 FOLIE: producing a calyx, of three sepals, 
 dreikelchblattrig, G.?; as Alisma: hence 
 synon. with TRISEPALE, trisepalus, L. 
 
 TRISMUS,S. in., F., et L., argur/ao;, 
 literally, gnashing of the teeth, das Knir- 
 schen mit den Zahnen.G.; but employed, 
 in Pathology, to designate lock-jaw, die 
 M undklemme.G., from tetanic rigidity of 
 the maxillary muscles. 
 
 TRISPERME, adj., trispermus (rgtTs, 
 three, a-a-s^tta, seed), L., dreisamig.G. : en- 
 closing three seeds; as the capsule of Montia* 
 TRISPLANCHNIQUE, adj., trisplanchni- 
 cus (r^s?;, three, o-rXay^vov, a viscus),L., 
 trisplanchnic: an epithet applied, by Chaus- 
 sier, to the great sympathetic nerve, see 
 SVMPATHIQUE; from its distribution upon 
 the organs contained in the three great 
 splanchnic cavities. 
 
 TRISTERNAL, s. m., et adj., tristerna- 
 lis, L.: bei Beclard, das dritte Stuck des 
 Srustbeins,G., third piece of the sternum. 
 TKITEOPHYE, s. f., tritoeophya,f. L., 
 tertian fever, a fuotro; rginzioQuri;, drei- 
 t'dtiges Fieber, G., see TIERCE. 
 
 TROCHANTER, s. m. F., et L., <5 r^av- 
 rvg . in Anatomy, the designation of two 
 processes, grand et petit Troch., F., troch. 
 major et minor, L., der grosse und der 
 \t\e\\\e Rollhug el, G.; situated upon the su- 
 perior or pelvic extremity of os femoris 
 The former is termed, simply, Trochanler; 
 the latter, TROCHANTIN, s. m., trochan- 
 tinus, m. L., by Chaussier. TROCHAN- 
 TERIEX, adj., trochanterianus, L.., per- 
 taining to thegrcater trochanter. TROCHAN- 
 TiNiEN,adj., trochantinianus.L. : to the 
 lesser trochanter, or trochantin. 
 
 TROCHIN, s. m., trochinus,m. (<rga/, 
 to turn), L.: a term applied, by Chaussier, 
 to the smaller of the two tuberosities. situ- 
 ated at the scapular extremity of the os 
 brachii; as affording attachment to one of 
 the rotatory muscles (Subscapularis) of the 
 human arm. TRCCHINIEN, adj., trochin- 
 nianus, L.: pertaining to the trochin. 
 
 TROCHISQUE, s. m., a <rga%iirxis, tro- 
 chiscus, m. L. : a term, literally signifying 
 a little ball; and employed, in Pharmacy, 
 to designate a solid preparation, of round 
 or conical figure, das Kugelchen, of Ger- 
 man troche, of British Pharmacologists. 
 
 TROCHITER, s. m. (r^o^aiu, to turn), F., 
 L.., and G. : the modern anatomical desig- 
 nation of the greater tulerofity of the scap- 
 ular extremity of os brachii; as giving in- 
 sertion to several rotatory muscles of the 
 thoracic limb. TROCHiTKRiEv.adj., tro- 
 chiterianus, L.: pertaining to the trochitcr. 
 
 521 
 
 TUB 
 
 THOCHLEATEUR, s. m., et adj., trochle- 
 aris, I,., trochlear : a term applied, by 
 some Anatomists, to the superior oblique 
 muscle, M. trockleateur de rceil,AerRoll- 
 muskel des Auges,G., of the human eye, 
 see OBLIQUE; from reflection of its ten- 
 don over a cartilaginous pulley, r^ax/a. 
 
 TROCHLEE, s. f., trochlea, f. L.: a term 
 applied, by Chaussier, to the internal arti- 
 cular eminence of the cubital extremity of 
 os brachii; as forming a pulley, r^/A/a, 
 Rolle, f. G., on which the ulna rolls in 
 extension and flexion of the fore-arm. 
 
 TROIS-QUARTS, OU TROCART, S. m., 
 
 terebellum, triquetrum, n. L., trochar : 
 an instrument, with triangular point, and en- 
 closed in a silver canula; employed, by Sur- 
 geons, in the operation of paracentesis, 
 see PARACENTESE. 
 
 TROMPE, s. f., tuba, f. L., trumpet : 
 a term applied, in Anatomy, and Zoology, 
 to certain organs, of trumpet-like structure 
 or configuration ; as 1. a tube of the inter- 
 nal ear, Tr. ou Conduit d" Eustache ( Cond. 
 guttural del'oreille, Ch.), teiaEustachii, 
 L., die Eustachische oder Ohr- Trompete, 
 G-; and, 2. the canal, Tr. de Fallope, ou 
 uterine, tuba uterina vel Fallopiana, die 
 Ibluttertrompete oder -r'ohre ; destined, in the 
 female of the Mammifera, to transmit the 
 ovum from ovary to uterus; and so corres- 
 ponding, in function, with theoviduct, see 
 OVIDUCTE, of the lower animals: 3. the 
 nasal elongation, trunk or proboscis, der 
 lliissel, G., of the Elephant, and Tapir: 
 
 4. the cylindrical and retractile tube, ex- 
 hibited by certain Gasleropodous Mollusca ; 
 as the animal ofBuccinum, and Valuta: and, 
 
 5. the suctorial organ of Dipterous Insects. 
 TRONC, s. m., truncus, m. L., der 
 
 Stamm, G., trunk : in Anatomy, and Zo- 
 ology, that portion of the body of'Vertebra- 
 ted Animals, and of the Articulata, see 
 THORAX, to which the limbs are articu- 
 lated ; and of a blood-vessel, or nerve, which, 
 as the trunk of the aorta, and pneumo-gas- 
 tric nerve, in tervenesbetweenitsoriginand 
 the point of its final division into branch- 
 es : in Botany, synon. with TIGE. 
 
 TROPHOSPERSIE, s. m., trophospermi- 
 um, n. (r^iifu, to nourish, e-yr'igfia, seed), L.: 
 a term, in Botany, synon. with PLACENTA. 
 
 TRUITE, s. f. : in Ichthyology, a species 
 belonging to genus, Salmo, see SAUMON. 
 The flesh of the common Trout, S. fario 
 (Trutta finmatilis, Will.), die Forelle, G., 
 is much esteemed, as an article of diet. 
 
 TRUMBUS, s.m.F.,et L.: the small, glis- 
 tening, violaceous tumour ; resulting from 
 extravasation of blood in the vicinity of the 
 orifice of a vein, after phlebotomy. 
 
 TUBAIRE, adj. : an epithet applied to 
 that form of extra-uterine pregnancy, 
 Grossesse tubnin; F. ; wherein the ovum 
 is developed in the Fallopian lube.
 
 TUR 
 
 TUBE, s. m., tubus, m. L., die Ilohre, 
 G. : in Anatomy, a term, synon. with ca- 
 nal, C. ou tube intestinal, F. : in Botany, 
 the inferior portion of a monopetaious cor- 
 olla, or monophyllous calyx : in Chemistry, 
 an instrument commonly constructed of 
 glass ; and employed in divers processes. 
 
 TUBER-ISCHIO-TROCHANTERIEN, S. HI., 
 
 and adj. : a term applied, by Dumas, to 
 Quadratics femoris, muscle, see CAERE ; 
 from its attachments. 
 
 TusERcui-E, s. m : a term designative, 
 in Anatomy, of certain processes, or projec- 
 tions ; which exist on the surfaces of bone or 
 membrane, or in the structure of the me- 
 dullary organs; as the tubercle of the hu- 
 man rib, tuberculum costse, L., Hooker 
 der Rippe, G.; of the right auricle of the 
 heart, I. Loweri ; and les Tubercules pisi- 
 forme.t, see MAMILLAIRE, of the brain: 
 in Pathological Anatomy, the peculiar de- 
 generation of the tissue of certain organs, 
 as exemplified in the pulmonary tubercle, 
 der Lungentitberkel, G., into a whitish, 
 yellow, or greyish, opaque, and friable sub- 
 stance ; which assumes, by the process of 
 softening, a purulent character; and yields 
 a matter, to which the epithet, tuberculous,. 
 is, consequently, applied : in Botany, an 
 excrescence, das Knollen, G., developed 
 on the stems, or roots, of certain plants. 
 
 T UB ERE ux, adj ., tuberosus, L ., knol- 
 lig, G. : an epithet specifically designative 
 ot'plants, which, as Valerlana tuberosa, pos- 
 sess tuberous roots; or, as Solatium tuberos- 
 um, a root covered with tubercles. 
 
 TUBEROSITE, s. f., tuberositas, f. L.. 
 der Hocker, G., tuberosity: an irregular 
 and rugose projection; which, existing upon 
 the surface of certain bones, ordinarily 
 serves for insertion of muscle or ligament. 
 
 TusicoLE.adj., tubicolus(<//iws,atube, 
 co/o, to inhabit), L.: an epithet designative, 
 in Zoology, of an Order of Class, Annelida; 
 comprizing animals which, as the Serpulae, 
 and Terebellce, reside in calcareous tubes. 
 
 TUMEFACTION, s. f., tumefactio, f. L., 
 die Aufschwellung.G.: morbid augmen- 
 tation of volume, of a part or organ. 
 
 TUMEUR, s. f'., tumor, m. L., V*j, 
 die Geschwullst, G., tumour: an unna- 
 tural prominence or swelling; developed 
 on any part of the body. 
 
 TUNIQUE, s. fl, tunica, f. L. : a term,in 
 Anatomy, and Botany, synon. with MEM- 
 BRANE. TuNiaufc, adj., tunicatus.L., 
 behautet.G.: enveloped by a coat, or tunic. 
 The tunicated Animals, Tunicata, L.., 
 constitute an Order, of Class, Mollusca, in 
 modern Systems of Zoology. 
 
 TURBINE, adj., turbinatus, L., kreis- 
 elformig, G., turbinated: exhibiting the 
 figure of a cone reversed ; as, in Botany, 
 the turbinate shell, Coquilleturbinee,F., 
 of Bulimus turbinafus: in Botany, the calyx 
 
 522 
 
 TYP 
 
 of Rosa turbinata. the capsule of Papaver , 
 and urn of Gymnostomum turbinalum. 
 
 TuRBOT,s.m.: in Ichthyology, a species 
 of Rhombus, see PLEURONECTE. 
 
 TURCIQUE, adj., turcicus, L., tiirk- 
 isch, G-, turkish, see SEI.LE. 
 
 TUSSILAGE, s. m.: a genus, in Botany, 
 Ttissilayo ( Synaenesia, superft.; Corymbife- 
 ras), L.; comprizing, among other species, 
 the common Coifs-foot; and Butter-bur, T. 
 farfara ; et petasites ( P. vulyaris, of modern 
 Botanists), T. vulaaire, ou Pas-d'ane; et 
 Herbe aux teigneux, F., der Huf-, Brust-, 
 oder Esselslattich; und die Pestilenzwurz, 
 od. grosser HuHattich, G. Thejlowers of 
 the Jbrmerare reputed to possess pectoral ; 
 the acrid roo^of the latter, aperient, diure- 
 tic, and atexipharmic properties. 
 
 TYMPAX, s. m. : a term, literally signify- 
 ing a drum, TO t {1^0.101', tympanum, n. 
 L., die Trommel, Pauke,G.; and employ- 
 ed to designate an irregular cavity, Cavi- 
 te du tympan, ou CAISSE du tambour, F., 
 cavitas tympani, L., die Trommel- od.Pau- 
 toihohle, G.; situated in the base of the 
 petrous portion of temporal bone, between 
 the labyrinth and meatus auditorius,from 
 which it is separated by the interposition of 
 a membrane, membrana tympani, L., das 
 Trommel- oder Pau kenfe\l,G.; communicat- 
 ing with the external air, by the Eustachi- 
 an tube; and constituting the middle divi- 
 sion of the ear. TY3iPANiQUE,adj., tym- 
 panicus, L., tympanic: connected with 
 the tympanum; as the Chorda tympani, 
 Branche tympanique du nerf facial, F. 
 
 TYMPANITE, s. f., tympanitis, f. (rv/jt.- 
 ffKvov, a drum), Li., die Trommelsucht,G. : 
 in Pathology, excessive distension of the ab- 
 domen; resulting from accumulation of gas 
 in the intestinal canal, or the peritonteum : 
 hence, distinguished into intestinal and pe- 
 ritonceal, T. intestinale, et peritoncale, F. 
 
 TYPE, s. m., typus, m. L., and G. : in 
 ordinary language, a model, o TUXUS : in Pa- 
 thology, the type, or character, assumed by 
 diseases, especially those of an acute or fe- 
 brile nature. TYPIQ.UE, adj., typical. 
 
 TYPHODE, TVPHOIDE, adj., vvfaAg, 
 typhodes, L., typhusahnlich, G., typh- 
 oid: exhibiting the characters of, or com pli- 
 cated with, typhus; as typhoidfever, Fievre 
 typhode, F., das typhose Fieber, G., and 
 typhoid pneurnony, pneumonia typhodes,ii. 
 
 TYPHOMANIE, s. f. F.,andG., <ru$a- 
 pu.vla., typhomania, f. L. : complication of 
 delirium with typhus-fever, TYPHUS, s. m. 
 F., L., and G. : an acute disease, of epide- 
 mic, and frequently infectious, character ; 
 signalized by stupor, rutfos, hence the de- 
 signation ; and correctly regarded, by the 
 French Pathologists,as a gastro- or pneu mo- 
 cephalitis, consequent on exposure to the 
 noxious influenceof the human miasm,cold, 
 fatigue, and the depressing passions.
 
 u. 
 
 uxi 
 
 ULCERATTON,s.f., ulceratio, f. L., die 
 Vereitung, Verschwarung, G. : the forma- 
 tion of an ulcer, ULCERE, s. m., ulcus, 
 n. L., TO '&<>{, das Geschwiir, G. : a so- 
 lution of continuity ; determined, and kept 
 up, by some local or constitutional injury 
 or defect. Ui.cEREux,adj., ulceribus sea- 
 tens, ulcerosus,L, s Ux^Sjjj, vollerGeach- 
 wure, eiterig, G., ulcerous : full of, or as- 
 suming the character of, ulcers. 
 
 ULITE, s. f., ulitis, f. (Jxv, the gum), 
 I.i., die Zahnfleischentzundung, G., in- 
 llammation of the gum. 
 
 ULNAiRE,adj., ulnarisj^., ulnar:per- 
 taiiiing to the ulna. Synon. with CUBITAL. 
 
 ULONCIE, s. f, uloncus, f. (Jxov, the 
 gum, Syxos, swelling), L., die Gvschwulkt 
 des Zahnjleisches, G., swell'iny of : U- 
 LORRHAGIE, s. f., ulorrhagia, f. (same, and 
 pvytvf.t.1, to burstout),Ij., J5/M//?Mssaus dem 
 Ziihnjleisch, hemorrhage from the gum. 
 
 ULTIMI-STERNAL, adj., ultimi-slerna- 
 lis, L. : synon. with ENSISTERNAL. 
 
 UNCIFORME, adj., unciformis,L., ha- 
 kenf 6'rmig, G., unciform : exhibiting the 
 figure of a hook, uncus, L.; as, in Anato- 
 my, a bone, das H<il;enbem, P., of the 
 human carpus, see CARPE ; and certain 
 eminences, Em. unciformes, F., in the in- 
 terior of the brain, see ERGOT. 
 
 UNGITEAL, UNGUIFERE, adj., ungealis, 
 unguiferus : pertaining to, or supporting, 
 the nails, uni/ues, L.; as the unguiferous 
 phalanges, Ph. imgueales, F., see PHA- 
 J.ANGETTE, of the fingers and toes. 
 
 UNGUIS, s. m.: in Anatomy, a small and 
 delicate bone, O* unguis ou lacrymal,F., 
 das Naaelbein, Thranenbein,G.; which, si- 
 tuated in the anterior and internal part of 
 each orbit, and developed by one point of 
 ossification, contributes to the formation of 
 the lacrymal groove and nasal duct: in Pa- 
 thology, synon. with PTERYGION. 
 
 UNIFLORE, adj., unitlorus, I..., ein- 
 bliithig, G., unifloral: bearing one flower, 
 tiiutm florem, L.; as, in Botany, the pe- 
 duncle of Monolropa unijiora. UNIFOLIE, 
 adj. f*,ovo(pu*.*.as, einblattrig,L.: one leaf, 
 unum folium, L. ; as the stem ofLachena- 
 lia unifolia. UNII.ABIE, adj., unilabiatus, 
 L.., einlippig,G.: one Up; as tlcieunilubi- 
 a/e corolla of Acanthus. 
 
 UNILOCULAIRE, adj., unilocularis, I,., 
 einfachrig, L.: containing one cavity, or 
 cell, unumloculum,!,.; as, in Comparative 
 Anatomy, the unilocular heart of divers of 
 the Invertebrata: in Botany, the an/her of 
 Junipents, an&pyxideof Anagallis. UNIFE- 
 TALE, adj., unipetalus, L., einzelbluui- 
 
 523 
 
 URE 
 
 enblattrig, G. : having one petal, which, at 
 the point of insertion, does not completely 
 surround the sexual organs; and thus dif- 
 fering from MONOPKTALE. 
 
 UNIVALVE, adj., univalvis, L.., ein- 
 klappig, G. : consisting of one piece; as, in 
 Conchology, the Testacea, which constitute 
 the Order, Univalvia, of Linnaeus: having 
 only one valve; as, in Botany, the univalve 
 capsule of Avicennia. 
 
 UNISEXUEL, adj., unisexualis, L,., 
 eingeschlechtig, G. : possessing the organs 
 of only tine sex ; as the individuals of all 
 the higher and more perfect species of the 
 Animal Kingdom ; and the unisexual 
 hence termed imperfect flowers of the mo- 
 noecious,dioecious,and polygamous plants. 
 
 URACRASIE, s. f., uracrasia, more cor- 
 rectly, uracratia, f. (eS^av, urine, a.x^a.riia, 
 incontinence), L.: synon. with ENURESIE. 
 
 URATE, s. in., uras, m. L..: in Chemis- 
 try, a genus of salts, harnsaure Salze,G.; 
 resulting from the combination of an acid, 
 Acide uriqiie, ou lithiqtie, F., die Urin-, 
 Stein-, oder Harnsaure, G , which exists 
 in urine, with saliiiable bases. To this 
 genus belong the urate of ammonia, Ur. 
 cCammoniaque, uras ammonia;, L., harn- 
 sanres Ammonium, and the urate of soda ; 
 which, respectively, enter into the compo- 
 sition of certain urinary , and constitute 
 the basis of arthritic concretions. 
 
 UREE, s. f., urea, f. L., derHarnstofF, 
 G. : a peculiar substance; existing in urine ,- 
 and discovered, by Itouelle, in 1773. 
 
 URETEKE, s. m., a ouevrfy, ureter, 
 
 m. L., der Harnleiter,G.: the membran- 
 ous canal; which, extending from the pel- 
 vis of the kidney, to fundus of the urinary 
 bladder, conveys the urine from the form- 
 er to the latter organ. URETERALGIE, s. 
 f, ureteralgia, f. (ougvTtig, a'Xyay, pain), 
 Li., der Schmerz in den Harnleitern,G., 
 pain in the ureters. URETERITE, s. f., u- 
 reteritis, f. L.., die Harnleiterentzund- 
 ung, G., inflammation of the ureters. 
 
 URETEROLITHIASE, s. f., ureterolithi- 
 asis, f. L. : formation of a stone, Claris, 
 or an ureteric concretion, ureterolithus, 
 m. L.., der Harnleiterstein,G., in the u- 
 reter. URETERORRHAGIE, s. f., ureteror- 
 rhagia, f. (ougvrvg, pvyvupi, to burst out),L., 
 eine Blutung aus den Harnleitern, G., 
 haemorrhage from the ureters. 
 
 URETHRAL,adj., urethralis,L.:pertain- 
 ing to the urethra; as, in Anatomy, the pro- 
 minence, termed VEHD MONTANUM: im- 
 plicating the urethra; as, in Pathology, w- 
 rethral inflammation, see URETHRITE.
 
 URI 
 
 URETHRE, URETRE, s. m., oiigvfyu, 
 urethra, f. L., die Urethra, Harnrohre, 
 G. : the excretory canal of the urine, in the 
 male, and female, of the higher animals, 
 and of the semen, also, in the male. URE- 
 THRALGIE, s. f., urethralgia, f. L., der 
 Harnrohrenschmerz, G., pain, a,\y<>;, in 
 : URETHRITE, s. f., urethritis, f. L., 
 die Harnrohrenentzundung, G., inflam- 
 mation of the urethra, n ovgvfyu. 
 
 URETHRo-BuLBAiRE,adj., urethro-bul- 
 baris, L,. : an epithet applied, by Chaussi- 
 er, to the Transversalis perineei artery, see 
 TRANVERSE ; from its distribution on the 
 urethral bulb. 
 
 URETHROPHRAxiE,s.f., urethrophrax- 
 ia, urethremphraxia,f.L., die Verstopfung 
 der Harnrohre, G., obstruction, ifttpgafys, 
 of the urethra, evgjfya. 
 
 URETHRORRHAGIE, s. f., urethrorrha- 
 gia, f. (oitgy/>pa, the urethra, pvywpt, to burst 
 out), lj., der Harnrohrenblutfluss, G., 
 h&morrhage : URETHORRHEE, s. f., ure- 
 throrrhcea,f.(saie,and^s),torlow),L., dis- 
 charffeof mucus,' der Harnrohrenschleim- 
 fluss, urethro-blennorrhoea, f. L., of the 
 German Pathologists, from the urethra. 
 URETHRO3PASME,s.m., urethrospasmus, 
 m.L., der Harnrohrenkrampf,G., spasm 
 of the urethra. 
 
 UHETHROTOME, s. m., urethrotomus, 
 m. (oi/gvfya, -ra^w, incision) L., das Ure- 
 throtom, G. : in Surgery, an instrument, 
 employed in performing the operation of 
 urethrotomy, URETHROTOMIE, s. f., ure- 
 throtomia, f. L., der Harnrohrenschnitt, 
 G., incision of the urethra. 
 
 URETIQUE, adj., av^nxos, ureticus, 
 L., uretic: synon. with DIURETIQUE. 
 
 URIASE, s. f., uriasis, f. L.: synon. with 
 
 LlTHIASE. 
 
 URiNAiRE,adj., urinarius, L.: contain- 
 ing, or transmitting, the wine; as, in Ana- 
 tomy, the urinary bladder, die Harriblase, 
 G.; the meatus urinarius, Meat urinaire, 
 die weibliche H amrohre, G., in the fe- 
 male; and other urinary passages, viae u- 
 rinari<e,L,.: formed in, or implicating, those 
 passages; as, in Pathology, an urinary con- 
 cretion, der //arnstein, or urinary fistu- 
 la, die Harn- oder {Trmfistel, G. 
 
 URiNAL,s.m., TO evga$o%iov, urodochi- 
 um, n. L., das Harngef ass, Harnglas,G. : 
 a vessel, commonly constructed of glass ; 
 and destined to receive the urine, in cases 
 of incontinence, or inability of a patient to 
 assume the erect position. 
 
 URINE, s. f., urina, f. L., ro ou^m, 
 der Urin, Harn, G. : the fluid secreted by 
 the kidneys of the more perfect and high- 
 ly-organized animals. URINEUX, adj., 
 urinosus,L., harnahnlich,harnartig,G., 
 urinous: exhibiting the character, or pro- 
 perties, of urine. 
 
 URIQOE, adj., uricus, L., seeURATE. 
 
 524 
 
 UTll 
 
 UROCKLE, s. f, urocele, f. (ol^av, urines 
 x?x, swelling), L., der Harnbruch,G., 
 infiltration of urine into the tissue of the 
 scrotum. UROcnfcziE, s. f., urochezia, f. 
 (same, and x'ta>, to go to stool), L., eva- 
 cuation of urine per anum. 
 
 UROCRISIE, s. f., urocrisia, f. (oZ^n, 
 xgiffis, judgment), L., die Harnkrise, G. : 
 an opinion formed of the fluid itself, or the 
 condition of a patient, from inspection of 
 the urine. 
 
 URODYNIE, s. f., urodynia, f. (ovgw, 
 llvvn, pain), L., der Harnschmerz, G.: a 
 sense of pain in excretion of urine. URO- 
 LITHIASE, s. f., urolithiasis, f. L., die 
 Harnsteinkrankheit, G., disease connect- 
 ed with the formation of urinary calculi, 
 die .Har-HSteine, G. 
 
 UROMANCIE, s. f., uromantia, f. (Jfv, 
 the urine, uavnia, divination), L.: the art 
 of distinguishing diseases, by uroscopy, U- 
 ROSCOPIE, s. f., uroscopia, f. (oS^ov, urine, 
 ffxaviu, to survey),L., das Harnsehen,U- 
 roskopie,G., inspection of the urine. URO- 
 PLANIE, s. f. F., and G., uroplania, f. (oS- 
 v, a-Aav, error), L,., deviation of the u- 
 rine from its natural course. 
 
 UROSES, s. f. pi., F., et L., die Harn- 
 krankheiten,G.: a term applied, by Alibert, 
 to morbid affections of the urinary organs; 
 which constitute the 4th Family of diseas- 
 es, of his Nosologie Naturelle. 
 
 URTICAIRE, s. f., Urticaria, f. L., die 
 Nesselsucht, das Nesselfieber,G., nettle- 
 rash: in Pathology, a genus of Cutaneous 
 Diseases ; comprehending several species, 
 characterized by an eruption analogous, in 
 appearance, to that which results from the 
 stinging of the nettle, urtica,ii. URTICA- 
 TION, s. f., urticatio, f. L., die Urtica- 
 tion, das Peitschen mit Brennnesseln, G. : 
 in Therapeutics, the act of flagellation with 
 nettles; frequently employed in Paralysis. 
 
 URTICEES, s. f. pi., Urticea;, L., die 
 Nessel-Familie,G. : in Botany, a Family of 
 dicotyledonous, monoecious or dioecious, 
 plants; having, for type, the genus, Urtica, 
 see ORTIE. 
 
 USTION, s. f., ustio, f. L, die Ver- 
 brennung, G.: in Surgery, the application 
 of" the actual cautery; the effect of such 
 application. 
 
 UTERiN,aclj., uterinus, L.: pertaining 
 to, or implicating, the structure of the U- 
 TERUS; as, in Anatomy, the uterine muscle, 
 M. uterine, a term applied, by Ruysch, 
 to the muscular fibres of thefundus uteri; 
 and uterine artery. die Geb'drmutlerschlag- 
 ader, G., a branch of the hypogastric: in 
 Pathology, Marine inflammation, and rup- 
 ture, METHiTE,et METRORRHEXIE. U- 
 TERUS, s. m. F., and G. : a term borrowed, 
 from the Latin ; synon. with MATRICE. 
 
 UTRICULAIRE, adj., utricularis, L. : re- 
 sembling a small bottle, utricuttts,!^.; a?,
 
 UTlt 
 
 in Botany, the utricular glands, produced 
 by dilatation of the epidermis, and filled 
 with colourless lymph, of the ice-plant, 
 Mesembryanthemum erystallinum. 
 
 UTRICCXE, s. m., utriculus, in. L.: in 
 Zoology, the dilatation of the membranous 
 labyrinth, which encloses the calcareous 
 concretions of the ear of Fishes: in Botany, 
 each cell of the cellular tissue of plants ; 
 each grain of pollen ; and the minute vesi- 
 cle which, filled with air, sustains the stem, 
 and leaf, of the plants of genus, Utricularia, 
 UTRICULAIRE, s. f., Wasserschlauch, 
 m. G., on the surface of the water. 
 
 uvu 
 
 Uvfeic, s. f.:a term applied, by some An- 
 atomists, to the choruid membrane, M.u- 
 vee, F., membrana uvea,L,., das Trauben- 
 hautchen.G., of the eye, seeCnoRoiDE ; 
 by others, to the posterior surface of the 
 iris; from the black (/rape-like pigment 
 with which they are invested. 
 
 UVULAIRE, adj., uvularis: belonging 
 to, or implicating, the uvula,L., LUETTE; 
 as, in Anatomy, the uvular glands, die 
 Z'dpfchendrusen, G.: in Pathology, inflam- 
 mation of the uvula, UVULITE, s. f., u- 
 
 vulitis, f.,inflammatio7-'wte,L., die Zapf- 
 chenentziindung, G. 
 
 V. 
 
 VAI 
 
 VAI, 
 
 VACCIN, s. m.: in Pathology, the serous 
 fluid, virus vaccinum, L.., which is con- 
 tained in the vesicle developed on the ud- 
 der of the cow, v acca, L., or on the body 
 of a vaccinated subject. VACCINATION, s. 
 f., vaccinatio, f. L., die Einimpfung mit 
 Schutzpocken, die Vaccination, G., inocu- 
 lation with vaccine virus ; whereby is induc- 
 ed a peculiar disease, VACCINE, s. f., 
 vaccina, vacciola, fl L., die Kuhpocke, 
 Schutzpocke,G., cow-pox; which ordina- 
 rily protects the individual subjected to its 
 influence, from the subsequent invasion of 
 small-pox. VACCINER, v. a., die Kuhpock- 
 en einimpfen, G., to vaccinate. 
 
 VAGIST, s. f.: in Anatomy, the membran- 
 ous canal, C. vulvo-uterin, F., vagina U- 
 teri, L., die Mutterscheide, G. ; which, 
 interposed between the rectum and urina- 
 ry bladder, in the female Mammifera, ex- 
 tends from vulva, see VULVE, to cervix 
 uteri. VAGiNAL,adj., vaginalis: distribut- 
 ed on the vagina; as, in Anatomy, the ra- 
 ginal artery, die ScAeirfmschlagader, G., 
 ordinarily a branch of the hypogastric or 
 uterine: supplying a sheath or cover; as the 
 osseous crest, Apophyse vaginale, ou en- 
 gainante, F., which surrounds the base of 
 the styloid process of temporal bone; and 
 the serous membrane, Tunique vaginale,<m 
 elytrdide, Tunica vaginalis testis, L., die 
 Scheidenhaut des Hoden.G., of the testis. 
 
 VAGiNANT,adj., vaginans, L., scheid- 
 end, G., see KNGAINANT. VAGINA:, adj., 
 vaginatus, L., bescheidet, G., vagin- 
 ated, see ENGAINE. 
 
 VAGUE, adj., vagus, L,., wandering : 
 a vague term, applied, by the older Anato- 
 mists, to the eighth pair, par vagum, of 
 cerebral nerves, Nerfs vagnes,F., nervi 
 vagi, L., the tenth, or pneumogastric, 
 seePxEUMo-GASTRiQUE, ofthemoderns. 
 
 VAISSEAU, s. m., vas, n. L., TO ctyyii- 
 ov, das Gefass, G., vessel: a term appli- 
 ed, in Anatomy, to membranous, elastic, 
 and ramified canals; which are distinguish- 
 
 525 
 
 ed, from the peculiar nature, and characters, 
 of the fluid conveyed by them, into blood- 
 vessels, Vaisseaux sanguins, F., vasa san- 
 guifera, L., die ~B\utgef'dsse,G., seeAn- 
 TERE, et VEINE ; and absorbents, see AB- 
 SORBENT, consisting oflacleals, and lympha- 
 tics, die Milch- und die l^ymphgefasse. 
 
 VALERIANE, s. f. : a genus, in Botany, Va- 
 leriana ( Triandria, monogyn. ; Dipsacece),^., 
 der Baldrian, die Valeriane, G., Vale- 
 rian; constituting the type of the Valeria- 
 ne(B, of British Botanists; and comprizing 
 many species. Of these, the wild, or com- 
 mon la Vol. qfficinale, V. officinalis, TO 
 <pou, xai vafios ayg/a, der ofh'cinelle od.ge- 
 wdhnliche.Ba/f/., wilde Valer.,Cr., supplies 
 a bitter, aromatic, and antispasmodic root, 
 which forms the basis of divers French, and 
 German, Officin. Preparations; as a Simple 
 Tincture,anA Extract, Tinctura de Radi- 
 cibus, et Extractum, Valerianae, Ph. Gall., 
 Einfache Baldriantinctur,und -Extract, 
 G. The Germans have, in addition, an E- 
 thereal, an Ammoniated, and an Acid Tinct- 
 ure, Aetherische,Ammoniumhaltige,und 
 Gesauerte B-tinctur ; a cold-prepared Ex- 
 tract, Kaltbereitetes Baldr. -extract ; and 
 Distilled Water, Baldrian wasser. 
 
 VAI.VE, s. f., valva, f. L,., die Klappe, 
 G. : in Zoology, the calcareous piece, or 
 pieces; which, varying, in form and num- 
 ber, are secreted by, and protect, the bo- 
 dies of certain Mollnsca: in Botany, the 
 segments of divers pericarps, which are dis- 
 tinct, and capable of separating, at the pe- 
 riod of maturity, without apparent rup- 
 ture: also, each of the pieces which consti- 
 tute a spatha; and compose the glume,and 
 glumelle, of the Graminea. 
 
 VALvuLE,s.f., valvula,f.JL, Klappe, 
 f. G., valve: a term applied, in Anatomy, 
 to membranous folds ; which, existing at the 
 orifices,or in the course of certain cavities, 
 reservoirs, and canals, of the animal body, 
 are destined to prevent regurgitation, and 
 direct the course, of the contained fluids.
 
 VAR 
 
 Of this nature are, l.ilie calvexot'tlieheart, 
 and the larger arteries, see MITRAL, SIG- 
 MOI'DE, TRICUSPIDE; the Eustachianfa/i-tf, 
 die Eustachische.K7fl/>2>?,G., situaled,in 
 the right auricle, at the orifice of the infe- 
 rior vena cava, and performing an import- 
 ant function in the foetal circulation; and 
 the numerous valves, die "V enenklappen, 
 of the venous System: 2. those of the in- 
 testinal canal ; as the pyloric,connivent,and 
 ileo-ccecal, die GrimmdarmA7</p/>e, see 
 PYLORE, CONNIVENT, ILEO-CCECAL. V.de 
 Vieussens, valvula cerebri, L., die Hirn- 
 Mappe, G.: a thin medullary process; ex- 
 tending from the inferior tubercula quad- 
 rigemina, to the crura cerebelli; and con- 
 stituting the roof of the fourth cerebral 
 ventricle. die vierte Hirnhohle, G. 
 
 VAPEUH, s. f'., vapor, m. L., KT^, 
 arpis, urpos, der Dampf, G., vapour: in 
 Chemistry, an elastic fluid, or gas; suscep- 
 tible of assuming, under the influence of 
 cold or compression, the liquid or the solid 
 state. VAPEURS, pi., vapores, L., va- 
 pours: a popular designation of'Hypochon- 
 driasis,and Hysteria. VAPORATiON,s.f., 
 die Verdampfung, G.: see EVAPORATION. 
 
 VARICE, s. f., varix, f. I.., *;f<r,-, 
 der Aderknoten, Krampf- oder Blutader- 
 knoten, Venenbruch, G. : in Surgical Pa- 
 thology, a tumour, resulting from dilata- 
 tion, of a vein; most commonly seen in the 
 superficial veins of the lower limbs, and in 
 those of the spermatic cord. 
 
 VARICELLE, s. f. F., and G., Varicella, 
 f. L., chicken-pox: in Pathology, a genus 
 of the Cutaneous Phlegmasias; constituting 
 the 1st, of the Order, Vesicula, of VVillan; 
 and characterized by an eruption of vesi- 
 cles which some what resemble the variolous 
 pustule, but do not, like that, terminate in 
 suppuration. German pathological writ- 
 ers describe three speciesof Varicella, Va- 
 ricellas crystalline?, vel aquatics; oviles, vel 
 suillae; etdur<e,conoides, velacMima/#,L.., 
 die Wasser- oder "WinApocken ; die Schaf- 
 oder Schwein/wcfon , und die Spitz-, Stein-, 
 oder Hun&spocken, G. 
 
 VARIETE, s. f., varietas, f. I,., die A- 
 banderung, Abart,G.: in Natural History, 
 the modification of a species by food, cli- 
 mate, culture, and various other causes. 
 
 VARICOCELE.S. f., varicocele, f. I*.: see 
 CIRSOCEI.E. VARICOMPHALE, s. m., va- 
 ricomphalus,m. L., see CIBSOMPHALE. 
 
 VARIOLE, s. f., Variola, f. I,., dieMen- 
 schenpocke, G., Small-pox : a cutaneous 
 Phleamasia, of well-known character and 
 progress; pertaining to the Otder,Pn$tul<e, 
 of Willan. Introduced, from the East, in- 
 to Europe, about the 12th century: and, 
 although disarmed of its terrors, by the 
 splendid discovery of the immortal Jenner, 
 see VACCINE, yet unhappily resisting, 
 beneath the influence of apathy or preju- 
 
 526 
 
 VEX 
 
 dice, all the efforts of science and philan- 
 thropy for its perfect extermination. VA- 
 RIOLEUX, VARIOLIUUE, adj., pockenart- 
 ig, G., variolous: suffering from, or con- 
 nected with, variola. 
 
 VARiQUEux,adj., varicosus,L.: affect- 
 ed with varix; as, in Surgical Pathology, a 
 varicose vein, die varilwse Blutader, G. : 
 kept up by the existence ofvarices; as a 
 varicose ulcer, ulcus varicosum, L. For 
 an account of varicose aneurism, and aneu- 
 rismal Varix, see ANEVRISME. 
 
 VAscuLAiRE,VAScuLEux,adj., vascu- 
 laris, vasculosus, L. : composed, or supplied 
 with a multitude, of vessels, vasa, L.;as,in 
 Anatomy, the vascular system, Systeme 
 vasculaire,Y., dasGf/asssystem,G.; a vas- 
 cular membrane, membrana vascularis,!,. 
 
 VASTE, adj., vastus, L., very large : 
 a term applied, in Anatomy, to two large 
 femoral muscles, Vastus exlernus, et inter- 
 mis, iiusserer, und innerer, dicker Scbenk- 
 elmuskel, of Sritish,and German, anatom- 
 ical writers; and described, by the French, 
 as constituting, respectively, the external, 
 and internal, portions of TRICEPS cmral. 
 
 VEGETAL, s. m., das Gewachs, G., a 
 vegetable: synon. with PLANTE. adj., 
 vegetabilis,L., Qvnxos, vegetabilisch, 
 G.: composed of,drawn from, or pertaining 
 tn,plants, VEGETAUX,P!., dieGewachse, 
 G. ; as the vegetable kingdom. llegnum ve- 
 ffetab/Ie,li , das ,P/?an.i'Mreich,G.; aveacta- 
 lle poison, das IJffmwngift; the vegetable 
 embryo, Embryon vegetal, F. 
 
 VEGETATION, s. f.. vegetatio, f. L,., 
 dieVegetation.G. : in Botany, the develop- 
 ment, der Pflanzenwachsthum, G., of 
 parts ; the assemblage of functions which 
 constitute the life of a plant: in Surgical 
 Pathology, synon. with GRANULATION. 
 
 VEINE, s. f., vena, f. L., ft ^XEI/-, die 
 Ader, Blutader, Vene, G., vein: in Ana- 
 tomy, the designation of vessels, destined, 
 with the exception of the pulmonary veins, 
 die Lungenwncn, G., to contain black 
 blood, which they convey, from all parts, 
 to the heart; and, altogether, constituting 
 le Systeme veineux, ou vasculaire a sang noir, 
 of Bichat. V.deMedine, vena medinensis, 
 
 SeeDRAGONNEAU. VEINEUX,adj., 0A.I- 
 
 SIKOS, venosus,L. : composed of, or pertain- 
 ing to, the veins; as, in Anatomv, the ven- 
 ous System, das Fmensystem, G.; the 
 ductusi/wzosMsof the human fcetus; and the 
 ft'nous blood. das venose Blut,G.: implica- 
 ting the structure of thems, -as, in Patho- 
 logy, venous inflammation, PHLEBITE. 
 
 VENERIEN, adj., venereus ( Venus, the 
 goddess of love), L., venerisch, G. : per- 
 taining to the passion of physical love; as 
 the venereal appetite, see APPETIT; and 
 the morbid poison, and the diseases, see 
 VIRUS, et SYPHILIS, which result from 
 its lawless indulgence.
 
 VER 
 
 VENIMEUX, adj., venenosus, L., gifl- 
 ig, G., venomous : an epithet applied to 
 animals; which, as the Scorpion, and Vip- 
 er, see VIPERE, possess organs for the 
 secretion,and transmission, of'a deleterious 
 fluid, animal poison, or venom VENIN, s. 
 m., venenum, n. L., das Thiergift, G. 
 
 VENT, s. m., ventus, m. L., civs/ass, 
 derWind,G., wind: a meteorological 
 phenomenon; probably dependent on elec- 
 trical agencies:in popularlanguage,a syno- 
 nym of flatulence, die Blahung,G. VENT- 
 EUX, adj., flatulentus, L., blahsiichtig, 
 windigjG.: generating,or induced by, flatu- 
 lence ; as flatulent food, Alimens venteux; 
 flatulent diseases, Maladies venleuses, F. 
 
 VENTOUSE, s. f., cucurbitula, f. L.., 
 das Schropfkopf, G., a cupping-glass. 
 
 VENTRAL, adj., ventralis, L.: occupy- 
 ing the belli/, venter, L., seeABDOMEN ; 
 as, in Zoology, the ventral mammas, Ma- 
 melles ventrales,V., of certain Mammifera, 
 and the ventral fins, see NAGEOIRE, of 
 Fishes: exhibiting a belli/ of different co- 
 lour from the rest of the body ; as, in Or- 
 nithology, Perdrix ventralis. VENTRE, s. 
 m.: the belly of a muscle. 
 
 VENTRICULE,S. m., ventriculus,m.L., 
 ventricle: a term employed, in Anatomy, 
 to designatedivers cavities; as,l.thepoi/cA- 
 es, ven<ncM/t,velsacc//(,buccales,Ij., die 
 Bakkentasc&e,G., seeABAJOUE, devel- 
 oped in the cheek of divers Mammifera: 2. 
 the stomach itself, derMagen,G.;and the 
 duodenum, sometimes named Ventr. suc- 
 centurii : 3. the ventricles, of the brain, V. 
 dii cerveau, die HirnAb'Afen, G, five in 
 number: 4. those of the larynx, ventriculi, 
 vel sinus, laryngis, L. : and, 5 of the heart, 
 V. du Casur, die Herzkammern,G.; dis- 
 tinguished into an aortic, and pulmonary, 
 der Aorten- und der .LungennerzAflwjwjer. 
 VENTRILOQUISMS, a.m., ventriloquis- 
 mus, m. (renter, the belly, lo(juor,to speak), 
 1,., das Bauchreden, die Bauchrednerei, 
 G., ventriloquism. VENTRII.OQUISTE,S. 
 
 m., derBaucnredner,G a ventriloquist. 
 
 VER, s. in., a worm, see VERS. V. a. 
 sole, see BOMBYCE. de Guinee, DHA- 
 GONNEAU. palmiste, CALANDRE. 
 
 VERATRINE, s. f., veratrina, f. L,. : an 
 organic alcali; which exists in the root of 
 Veratrum album, and the seed of F. sabadilla. 
 VERGE, s. f., penis, membrum virile, 
 L., die lluthe, das mannliche Glied, G. : 
 a cylindrical and erectile organ; which, ex- 
 isting exclusively in the male sex, serves 
 alike for the ejaculation of the seminal flu- 
 id, and expulsion of the urine. 
 
 VERMICULAIRE, VERMIFORME, adj., 
 vermicularis, vermiformis, L., vermicul- 
 ar: exhibiting the figure of a worm, ver- 
 tnt's, L.; as, in Anatomy, the appendix ver- 
 miformiscasci, seeAppENDiCE;andthew- 
 miform eminences, Em. vermiformes, F., 
 
 527 
 
 VER 
 
 or processes.of the cerebellum, (\\ewurm- 
 furmigen Fortsatze des kleinen Gehirns,G. 
 VERMIFUGE, adj., vermifugus (vermis, a 
 worm,/ro,toexpel),L., ttw-me/treibend, 
 G.: synon. with ANTHELMINTHIQUE. 
 
 VERRUE, s. f., verruca, f. L., Warze, 
 G., wart: a cutaneous excrescence, appa- 
 rently produced by thickening of the epi- 
 dermis. See ACROCHORDON. 
 
 VERS, s. m., Vermes, L., die Wiirm- 
 er,G., Worms : the designation of the 6th 
 Class of Animals, in the Systema Nature, 
 of Linnaeus; comprehending an heteroge- 
 neous multitude nflnvertebrata; which mo- 
 dern Zoologists, led by the unerring light 
 of Comparative Anatomy, have distributed 
 into several distinct, and clearly-defined 
 Classes. V. intestinaux, see ENTOZOAIRE. 
 VERTEBRAL, adj., vertebralis, L.: per- 
 taining to, zu den Wlrbelbtinen gehorig, 
 G., formed by, or implicating, the verte- 
 bra, seeVERTEBRE;as,inAnatomy, l.the 
 vertebral column, columna vertebralis, L., 
 die IVirbelsaule, G., see COLONNE: 2. 
 the vertebral canal, der Ruckenmarkskan- 
 al,G., whereby that column is traversed : 
 3. the vertebral ligaments, Ligamens verte- 
 braux, F.; distinguished into anterior, and 
 posterior, which bind together the constitu- 
 ent pieces: 4. the vertebral artery, Artere 
 vertebrale ( ce're'brale poste'rieure, Ch.), 
 die PFzVie/schlagader, G., a branch of the 
 subclavian: and, 5. the vertebral or spinal 
 verves, die Spinafnerven, G., see RACH- 
 IDIEN. In Pathology, caries, and inflam- 
 mation, of the bodies of the vertebrae, see 
 SPONDYLOCACE, et SPONDYUTE, ou VER- 
 TEBRALITE, s. f., vertebralitis, f. L., die 
 Wirbelentzundting, G. 
 
 VERTEBRE, s. f., vertebra, f. L., 
 ffv'ovluKos, derWirbel.G. : in Anatomy, the 
 designation of the twenty-four bones, die 
 FFir6^beine,G. ; which, in Man, constitute, 
 by their articulation, the vertebral column. 
 They are distributed, from their relative 
 situations, into the cervical, dorsal, and lum- 
 bar, die Hals-, die Brust- oder Rucken-, 
 und Lendenwh-ie/, G. ; and farther termed 
 true, Vertebrae verae, L., to distinguish 
 them from the pieces, V. spuries, which, 
 separate in infancy, form, by their consoli- 
 dation in adult age, the sacrum, and coc- 
 cyx. VERTEBRE, adj., vertebratus,L., 
 gewirbelt,G., vertebrated: an epithet de- 
 signative, in Systems of Zoology, of the 
 first great Division, or Sub-Regnum, of the 
 Animal Kingdom; comprehending those 
 animals, lesAnimaux vertebres(OsT:bozo- 
 AIRES, Blainv. ; Sp'mi-Cerebrata, see SPI- 
 Ni-CkRkBRAL, Grant), Animalia verte- 
 brata, L., die Wirbelihiere, G. ; which, as 
 the five Classes, Mammifera, Aves, Rep- 
 tilia, Amphibia, et Pisces, L., composing 
 that Sub-kingdom, are characterized, and 
 distinguished from the Inrertebrata, see
 
 VES 
 
 INVERTEBRK, by the possession ot'a spine, 
 or vertebral column. 
 
 VERTKBRO-!LIAQUE, adj., vertebro-il- 
 iacus, L. : an epithet applied to the articu- 
 lation, ,4 rt.v.-i/ia^we; which exists between 
 the last lumbar vertebra and ilium, through 
 the medium of the ilio-lumbar ligament. 
 
 VERTEX, s. m. F. 3 et L., see MESO- 
 CRANE, et SINCIPUT. 
 
 VERTICILLE, s. m., verticillus, m. L., 
 der Quirl, G., whirl, or whorl: in Bot- 
 any, an assemblage of leaves or flowers, cir- 
 cularly arranged around the same point, of 
 the stem. VERTICILLE, adj., verticillat- 
 us, L., quirlartig, quirlformig, G., ver- 
 ticillated; as the leaves of Hippuris, and the 
 flowers of Lysimachia verticillata. 
 
 VERTIGE, s. m., vertigo, f. L., der 
 Schwindel, G., giddiness. 
 
 VERUMONTANUJI, s. m. F., n. L. : the 
 designation of an oblong and rounded emi- 
 nence, CRETE urethrale, L., colliculus 
 seminalis, L,., der Samenhiigel, Schnep- 
 fenkopf, G. ; which exists, in the male ure- 
 thra, with the orifices of the seminal ducts 
 situated on its sides. 
 
 VESANIE, s.f., vesania, f.(vesanus,mn&), 
 L., der Wahnsinn,G. : lesion of the intel- 
 lectual and affective faculties; unaccompa- 
 nied by coma, or febrile excitement. The 
 Vesanice, VESANEES, F., constitute the 
 second Sub-Order,of Order, Neuroses of the 
 Cerebral Functions, in Nosographie Philoso- 
 phique, of Pinel. 
 
 VfcsiCAL, adj., vesicalis, L.: pertaining 
 to, or distributed on, the urinary bladder, 
 see VESSIE; as, in Anatomy, the smooth 
 triangular space, TRIGONE vesical,Y., si- 
 tuated, in the interior of the organ, at its 
 fundus; 2. arteries, arteriae ve.ncales,i,., 
 die //amWaseHSchlagadern, G., derived 
 from several sources, and, more especially, 
 the large branch, Art. vesico-prostatigue, 
 Ch., supplied by the hypogastric; and,3. 
 veins, Veines vesicates, F., which termi- 
 , -ate in the hypogastric plexus : in Patho- 
 logy, a vesical calculus, Harnblasenstein. 
 
 VEsrcANT,VESiCATOiRE,adj., vesicans, 
 L,., vesicant, vesicatory : an epithet des- 
 ignative of remedies, vcsicanfia, vesicatoria . 
 L ., blasenziehendeMitte],G. ; which,appli- 
 edtothe skin, produce a collection of serum 
 beneath the epidermis. VfcsiCAToiRE,s.m., 
 die Blase, G., blister : the sore which 
 results from the action, VESICATION, s. f., 
 vesicatio, f. I;., das Blasenziehen, G., 
 of vesicant or epispastic remedies. 
 
 VESICULE, s. f., vesicula, f. L., das 
 Blaschen, G.: a term, literally signifying 
 a little bladder or cyst, xurTilmv ; and em- 
 ployed, in the Natural Sciences, to desig- 
 nate certain membranous organs, which con- 
 tain fluids, of dense or aeriform character ; 
 as, in Anatomy, 1 . the gall-bladder, Vesi- 
 culedu/iel, ou liiliaire, F., eysh'sfellea, L., 
 
 526 
 
 VIE 
 
 die Galleni/rtse, G., see CHOLECYSTE ; 
 2. the reservoir* of the seminal fluid, Vt- 
 sicules seminales, vesicula seminales,L., 
 dieSamenWa.scAeWjG., situated,posterior- 
 ly to the prostate gland, between bladder 
 and rectum; and, 3. the umbilical vesicle, 
 seeOuii AGUE : in Zoology, the air- or swim- 
 ming, bladder, V. aerienne,hydrostatique,o\\ 
 natatoire, vesica aerea, die SchwimmWa- 
 se, possessed by certain Fishes: in Botany, 
 the air-vesicles which exist on the foliace- 
 ous parts of divers Fuel, and on the peti- 
 oles of Trapa natans. 
 
 In Pathology, the term, Vesiculce, has 
 been applied, by Willan, to an Order of 
 Cutaneous Diseases; distinguished by the 
 vesicular character of the eruption. 
 
 VESSIE, s. f.: in Anatomy, a musculo- 
 membranous organ, vesica urinaria, L., 
 fi XVO-TIS, die HarnWase,G.; lodged within 
 the pelvis, between the pubesand rectum, 
 in the male, and pubes and vagina, in the 
 female subject; and destined to receive,and 
 retain, the urine, previously to its expul- 
 sion from the body by the urethra. 
 
 VESTiBULAiRE,adj.: an epithet applied, 
 in Anatomy, to the external spire, Ramp? 
 vestibufaire, F., of the cochlea, LnugOH, 
 as opening into the vestibule; and to the 
 fenestraovalis, f. vestibularis tympani,!.., 
 see FENETRE, as forming a communi- 
 cation between the cavity of the tympan- 
 um, and the vestibule, VESTIBULE, s.m., 
 vestibulum, n. L., der Vorhof, G.: an ir- 
 regular cavity; forming part of the laby- 
 rinth of the internal ear: also, the triangu- 
 lar space, vestibulum vaginae, L., which 
 separates thenymphaofthe human female. 
 
 VETERINAIHE, adj., veterinarius, L. : 
 an epithet designative of that branch oi'me- 
 dicine, Mtdecine velerinaire,V., medicina 
 veterinaria,\ i., dieVieharzeneikunst,G., 
 which involves a knowledge of the struc- 
 ture, and diseases, of the lower, and, more 
 especially, the domestic animals. Veterina- 
 rius, s.m. L., der Vieharzt,G., a veteri- 
 narian, or professor of veterinary medicine. 
 
 VIABILITY, s. f., viabilitas, f. L., vi- 
 ability: the quality, or condition, of a foe- 
 tus, F. viable, which is likely to live. 
 
 ViDiEN,adj., vidianus,L., vidian: an 
 epithet applied, in Anatomy, to a canal, 
 Conduit vidien,ou PTERYGO'IDIEN, canal- 
 is ridianus,~L,., der vidianische Kanal, G.; 
 which, situated at the base of the ptery- 
 goid process of the sphenoid bone, was first 
 discovered by Vidus-Vidius, of Florence. 
 
 ViE,s.f., vita, f. L., i0Mf,40$, das 
 Leben, G., life : in Physiology, the mys- 
 terious principle, or agent, which, by the 
 exhibition of its characteristic phenomena, 
 for a certain period distinguishes organized 
 beings from inanimate andinorganic bodies. 
 See Bichat, RecherchesPhysiologiijues siir la 
 Vie et la Mart, 8vo. Paris. An. xiii.
 
 VIO 
 
 VlEILLESSE, S. f., TO yri^ie;, senectUS, 
 
 f. L., das Alter.G., old age: that period 
 of human life; the commencement of which 
 is ordinarily fixed at the sixtieth year. 
 
 VIGNE, s. f.: a genus, in Botany, Vitis 
 ( Pentandria, monogyn.; Vinif era ),!*., the 
 Vine, comprehending many species. Of 
 these, may be distinguished, 1. the common 
 vine, la V. commune, F., V. vinifera, a 
 AffriXast der Weinstocfc, Traubenstock, 
 G., a native of the East; celebrated for 
 its cooling and delicious fruit, le Raisin, 
 F., uva, f. L., a.fji.'xiKtvos xagvos, Wein- 
 traube,G.; which is so largely employed in 
 the fabrication of wine, see VIN; and con- 
 stitutes, in its dried state, le Raisin sec, 
 uva passa,L, die Ilosine,G., the raisin, 
 of the various languages : and, 2. theCr- 
 rant- Vine, V.apyrena, aplant,of'theGre- 
 o'awArchipelago;whosesmall,black,a/)ymz- 
 ous fruit, see APVRENE, is well known, 
 in commerce and domestic economy, as the 
 dried currant, Raisin de Connie, F . 
 
 VIN, s. m., vinum, n. L., a <Vas, der 
 Wein,G., wine: in common language,the 
 alcoholic product of the fermentation of the 
 juice of the grape, see VJGNE: and dis- 
 tinguished, from its colour, and degree of 
 saccharine flavour, into three principal va- 
 rieties, red, white, and sweet wine: in Phar- 
 macology, the solution of a vegetable or mi- 
 neral substance in a vinous fluid, common- 
 ly white Spanish wine, Vinitm Hispanic- 
 urn ; as the wine of Aloes, and Ipecacuanha, 
 Fe'nMwAloes,L., BrechwurzelM>ei,G.; 
 of Antimony, and of Iron, Vinum Anti- 
 inonii, L.., Eisen- oder Stahlweiu, G. 
 ViNAiGRE,s.m., roal,os, acetum.n.L., 
 Essi,G., vinegar: in popular language, a 
 fluid resulting from acetous fermentation of 
 wine; and having, for its base, acetic acid, 
 seeAcETiQUE: in Pharmacology, the so- 
 lution of a vegetable or mineral substance, 
 as of Camphor, Colchicum, and Squill, A- 
 cetum Camphorse, Colchici, Scillpe, I..., 
 Kampher-, Herbstzeitlosen-, und Meer- 
 zwiebelessi^, G., or of litharge, Acetum 
 Lithargyri, Blei- oder Silberglattessi</, 
 in dilute acetic acid. V. antiseptiqite, ou 
 des quatre-voleurs, Acetum antisepticum, 
 vel aromaticum, L., Gewiirz-, Pest-, oder 
 Sicherungsessi^G.: a solution of the essen- 
 tial oils of divers aromatic plants, and cam- 
 phor, in pure concentrated acetic acid, 
 reine Essigszure, concentrirter Essig, G. 
 
 VINEUX, adj., vinosus, L., amxV, oi'i- 
 ,-, olvubns, weinig.G., vinous: composed 
 of, or resembling, wine; as, in Pharmacy, 
 a vinous Tincture, weinige Tinctur, G.. 
 or a vinous fluid : exhibiting the colour of red 
 wine, weinfarbig,weinroth,G.; as,inCon- 
 chology. Buccinum vinosum. 
 
 VIOL, s. m., raptus, per vim stupratio, 
 L., die Nothzucht, Nothziichtigung, G., 
 violation, rape: the perpetration of sexu- 
 
 529 
 
 FIT 
 
 ul violence on the person of a non-consent- 
 ing female. A crime, as rare of commis- 
 sion, as heinous in character. 
 
 VIOLETTE, s. f.: a genus, in Botany, Vi- 
 ola ( Pentandria, monoffyn.},li., das Veil- 
 chen,G., theViolet; constituting thetype 
 of the Violacete, VIOLACJSES, s. f. pi., laie 
 Pe/VcAen-Familie, G.; and comprizing ma- 
 ny species. The flowers of the sweet-scent- 
 ed, V. a bouquet, V.odorata, wohlriech- 
 endes Veikhen, die Marzviole, G., consti- 
 tute the basis of a soothing Syrup, Syrup- 
 us de Violis, Ph. Gall., Violensyrup,Veil- 
 chensaftjG.; and a decoction of the pansy, 
 Pensee sauvaae, V. tricolor, das dreyfar- 
 bige Veilchen, die Ackerviole, G., has 
 been administered, with success, in cutane- 
 ous affections. The roots of both are emetic. 
 
 VIPERE, s. f. : a genus of Ophidian Rep- 
 tiles, Vipcra, L. ; constituting the type of 
 the Viperidte, VIPEH.IDES, s. m. pi. ; and 
 comprehending, among others, the common 
 European Viper, Vipere commune, F., V. 
 commuiiis (Coluber berus, Linn.; Peliusbe- 
 rus, Bell), die gemeineoder Europiiische 
 Viper, G. ; well known for its venomous pro- 
 perties. A very correct representation ot 
 the poison-apparatus of this formidable rep- 
 tile is given in PI. xx, of the Planches, pub- 
 lished with Lecons de Medecine Legale, of 
 Orfila; and an admirable figure of the ani- 
 mal itself, in Bell's British Reptiles. The 
 flesh, in the darker ages of science, was re- 
 puted medicinal. 
 
 VIREUX, adj. : an epithet designative of 
 plants, which are distinguished by fetidity 
 of odour, or poisonous properties ; as Cicuta 
 virosa, die giftige Wutherich, G. 
 
 VIRIL, adj., virilis, L., mannlich, G. : 
 pertaining to, or characterizing, the male 
 sex ; as the membrum virile, see VERGE ; 
 Age virile, ou VIRILITE, s. f., virilitas.f. 
 L., die Mannlichkeit, Mannheit, G., 
 virility, manhood: the period of life at which 
 the organs of man have attained their phy- 
 sical perfection and development. 
 
 VmuLENT.adj., virulentus,L.:impreg- 
 nated with, or resulting from the operation 
 of, a morbid animal poison, or VIRUS, s. m., 
 n. L. ; which, as the syphilitic, and vac- 
 cine, v. syphiliticum, et vaccinum, L., 
 is the only agent whereby diseases of an 
 exclusively contagious character, are trans- 
 missible. See CONTAGION. 
 
 VISCERAL, adj., visceralis, L. : belong- 
 ing to, containing, or implicating, the vis- 
 cera : hence synon. with SPLANCHNIQUE. 
 
 VlSCERE, S. m., V1SCU3, n. Ij., TO<r-TXay- 
 
 a: in Anatomy, the generic designation of 
 the more com plicated and important organs, 
 viscera,p\.Ij., die Eingeweide.G., en- 
 trails whichoccupythethreegreat hence 
 termed visceral- cavities of the body. 
 
 VITAL, auj., vitalis, L., j3;&/r/*of, 
 zuin Leben gehorig, G. : pertaining to, or 
 
 '2K
 
 VOI 
 
 characterizing life, see VIE; as the vital 
 principle, and vital phenomena. VITALITK, 
 s. f., vitalitas, f. L., die Lebenskrart, G., 
 vitality : vital activity or movement. 
 
 VITELLIN, adj., vitellinus, L,.: con- 
 nected with the egg-yolk, vitellus,!^, der 
 Eydotter, G. ; as the membrane, M. vi- 
 telline, F., die Haut des Eydotters, G., 
 by which that body is enveloped. 
 
 VITRE, adj.,-' vitreus, L., vitreous : 
 
 resembling glass, see HYAIJO'IDE. 
 
 VITRIOL, s. m. : the ancient, and still 
 popular, designation of divers of the metal- 
 lic sulphates. Thus, the sulphates of cop- 
 per, iron, and zinc, are known only, in com- 
 merce, as blue, green, and white vitriol, 
 Vitriolum caeruleum, viride, album, L., 
 blauer, griiner, weisser Vitriol, G., of the 
 older writers. VITRIOLIQUE, adj., vitri- 
 olicus, lj., vitriolisch, G., vitriolic : an 
 epithet formerly applied to sulphuric acid, 
 see SULPHURISE ; which still bears, in 
 popular language, the name of oil of vitriol. 
 
 VrviPAHE,adj., viviparus (vivus, alive, 
 jt><m"0,tobringforth),L., guoroxof, leben- 
 diggebbarend, G., viviparous : an epi- 
 thet applied, in Zoology, to animals; whose 
 female, as that of all the Mammifcra, with, 
 perhaps, the exception of the Monotrema- 
 1a,see MONOTRKME, some Saurian Rep- 
 tiles, Zoo/oca vivipara,and Fishes, Blen- 
 nius viviparus, die Aalfrau, Aalmutter,G., 
 and many Dipterous Insects, bring forth 
 their young alive, see OVIPAHE : in Bo- 
 tany, to plants ; whose seed, as that of 
 Folyyonum viviparum, germinates within the 
 pericarp. ViviPARisME.s.m., viviparism- 
 ns, L., viviparism : syn. with ZOOTOCIE. 
 
 VIVISECTION, s, f, vivisectio, f. L. : in 
 Physiology, the practice of prosecuting ex- 
 periments by the dissection of livingammals. 
 A practice less useful to science, than re- 
 volting to humanity. 
 
 VOCAL, adj., vocalis, L., <pvT/xf, 
 /ur Stimme gehorig, G. : pertaining to, or 
 connected with, the voice, see Voix ; as 
 *,he vocal organs, die Slimmorgane, G., 
 and chordae vocales, see CORDE. 
 
 VOIE, s. f., via, f. L-, der Durchgang, 
 G., route, passage : a term applied, in A- 
 natomy, 1. to the whole track of the intes- 
 tinal canal, Voies digestives, ou premieres 
 voies,., priniae rite, L., dieersten Wege, 
 G. : 2. to that of the whole assemblage of 
 the chyliferous,lymphatic,and sanguiferous 
 vessels, Secondes voies, vi&secundse: and, 
 3. to the series of canals, connected with 
 the excretion of the tears, bile, seminal 
 fluid, and urine ; and respectively desig- 
 nated the lacrymal, biliary, spermatic, and 
 urinary passages, Votes lacry 'males, biliaires, 
 spermatiques, urinaires, F., dieThranen-, 
 Gallen-, Samen-, und Harn^an^, G. 
 
 VOII.E, s. m n velum, n. L., veil, cur- 
 tain, sail: a term applied, in Anatomy, I. 
 
 530 
 
 VOM 
 
 to tne soft palate, V. du palais, F., velum 
 palatinum, vel pendulum palati, L., das 
 Gaumensegel, G., a broad, pendulous, 
 moveable membrane ; which, attached to 
 the posterior extremity of the palatine 
 vault, separates the buccal cavity from 
 that of the pharynx : 2. to two medullary 
 processes of the brain ; the superior or ante- 
 rior, of which, a., V. medullaire superieur, 
 das vordere ~M.arksegel, G., is more com- 
 monly known as the valve of Vieussens, 
 see VALVULE ; and the inferior, or poste- 
 rior, b. V. med.inferieur, dashintere Mark- 
 scgel, forms acommunication between the 
 cerebellum, brain, and medulla spinalis:in 
 Botany, the delicate membrane, der Vor- 
 hang,G. : which, in early .age, connects the 
 borders of the pileus of theFungi with the 
 stipe; and rupturing, in the progress of 
 growth, ordinarily exhibits, in pendulous 
 fragments, the traces of its existence. 
 
 Voix, s. f., vox, f. L., <f>iav)i, die 
 Stimme, G., voice : in Physiology, the 
 sound, which air, when driven from the lungs, 
 produces in traversing the rima glottidis. 
 Voice, articulated, constitutes speech. 
 
 VOLVE, s. f., volva, f. L., der Wulst, 
 G.: aterm,inBotany,synon. with BOURSE. 
 VOLVE, adj., volvatus, L. : furnished, as 
 many Fungi, with a volve, or wrapper. 
 
 VOMER, s. m. F., et L. : in Anatomy, a 
 thin, flat, azygous, quadrilateral bone, Os 
 vomer,Y., das Pflugscharbein,G. ; which, 
 articulated, below, with the superior max- 
 illary and palatine, above, with the sphe- 
 noid, ethmoid, and inferior spongy bones, 
 constitutes theinferior posterior part of the 
 septum of the nasal fossae. Developed by 
 one point of ossification; and termed vomer, 
 from its resemblance to ^ploughshare. 
 
 VOMIQUE, s. f., vomica, f. L., der Ei- 
 lersack, Lungenabscess, G. : in Pathology, 
 a collection of pus, within the cavity of the 
 thorax; which, bursting into the bronchiae, 
 is expectorated by a sort of vomiting. 
 
 VOMIQUIER, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Sfrychnos ( Pentandria, monogyn. ; Apocy- 
 neae), L. ; comprizing a few Indian species. 
 One of these, S. nux vomica, supplies the 
 
 well-known poison-nut, see Noix, et 
 
 STRYCHNINE : and the bitter wood, le 
 Boisde Couleuvre, of another, S. colubri- 
 na, das Schlangenholz, G., is accounted 
 febrifuge, and anthelminthic. 
 
 VOMISSEMENT, s. m., vomitus, m. \j., 
 das Erbrechen, Vomiren, G., vomiting : 
 the act whereby the stomach, with the as- 
 sistance of the abdominal muscles and dia- 
 phragm, ejects its contents through the 
 oesophagus and mouth. V. de sang, see 
 HEMATEMESE. VOMITIF, s. m., and adj., 
 medicamentum vomitorium, vomitorius, 
 L., synon. with EMETIQUE. VOMITURI- 
 TION, s f. : an unavailing effort to empty 
 the stomach by romiting.
 
 VUE 
 
 VOUTE, s. f., fornix, m., camera, f. L., 
 das Gewolbe, G. : a term applied, in A- 
 natomy, to divers parts which exhibit a 
 vaulted structure or appearance; as, 1. the 
 vault,or superior portion, of the cranium, 
 Voute du crane, Y., fornix cranii, L., 
 das Schzdelffewolbe, G. : 2. a triangular me- 
 dullary body, V. a trois piliers (TRIGONE cd- 
 re'bral, Ch), -fornix, trigonum cerebrale, 
 das Gewolbe, derBogen, situated, in the 
 brain, beneath the corpus callosum, and se- 
 parating the two lateral and the third ven- 
 tricles : and, 3. the horizontal septum, V. 
 du palais ; which, formed by the superior 
 maxillary and palatine bones, and velum 
 pendulum palati, is interposed between the 
 mouth and the nasal fossae. 
 
 VUE, s. f., visus, m. L., i tyis, das 
 Gesicht, Sehen, G., sight, vision : in Phy- 
 siology, one of the five external senses; that, 
 whereby Man, and the other animals which 
 possess it, areinformed of the presence, and 
 
 visible qualities, of surrounding bodies.- 
 VuLNfcRAiRE, adj., vulnerarius, L., 
 vulnerary : synon. with TRAUMATIQUE. 
 VuLTUEux,adj., vultuosus, L., vul- 
 tuous : an epithet applied to the human 
 face, when red and swollen. 
 
 VuLVAiRE.adj., vulvaris, L. : an epi- 
 thet applied, by Chaussier, to the pudendal 
 artery of the human female ; from its dis- 
 tribution about the vw/wi, VULVE, s. f., 
 pudendum muliebre, cunnus, m. L., .} 
 #<if i das weibliche Schamglied, G. : 
 in Anatomy the orifice, or, more properly, 
 the parts surrounding theori/fce, rimapu- 
 dendi vel vulvce, die Schamspalte ; which, 
 si t uated bet ween the lab ia ma j ora, leads into 
 the vagina, or vulva-uterine canal, Conduit 
 vulvo-uterin, F. The obnoxious term, vulva 
 cerebri,is also applied, by some Anatomists, 
 to an orifice, which exists, anteriorly to the 
 optic thalami, just below the anterior pil- 
 lar of the fornix. 
 
 w. 
 
 WOR 
 
 WINTEHANE.S. f. : an American pl/int, 
 W'mtera aromatica ; stated, by Nemnich, in 
 his Allgemeines Polyglotten Lexikon dcr Na- 
 ttirgeschichte, to be identical with Drymis 
 Winteri. Its bark has been confounded with 
 that of Canella, see CANELLE ; and inex- 
 tricable confusion still exists among medi- 
 co-botanical writers, -on the subject. 
 
 WoRMiEN,adj. : an epithet applied, in A- 
 natomy, to certain small bones, Os Wor- 
 miens, epactau.r, ou intercales, F., ossa wor- 
 
 W011 
 
 miana, triquetra, epactalia, ossjcula sutu- 
 rarum, L., die Nathknochen, G. ; which, 
 variable in size and figure, sometimes exist 
 in the cranial, and, more especially, the sa- 
 gittal and lambdoidal sutures. Their most 
 common designation is derived from Olaus 
 Wormius, Professor of Medicine, at Copen- 
 hagen ; to whom their discovery has been 
 erroneously attributed : as their existence 
 had been previously remarked by Gunte- 
 rius Andernachus, of Strasburgh. 
 
 X. 
 
 XIP 
 
 XERASIE, s. f., xerasia, f. L : literally 
 dryncss, y ^n^ffis, &a.viris ; but employed, 
 by medical writers, to designate dryness of 
 the human hair, TrocftenhcitAer Haare,G. 
 
 XEHOPHAGIE, s. f., f> %vg<><pa.<yia, xero- 
 phagia, f. L. : the exclusive employment 
 of dry alimentary substances in diet. 
 
 XEROPHTHALMIE, s. f., y {fc*pfaA./iu, 
 xerophthalmia,f. L., die trockne Augen- 
 entzundung, G., dry ophthalmy. 
 
 XKROTRIPSIE, s. f., xerotripsia, xero- 
 tribia, f. (l^^or^iu, to rub dry), L,., das 
 trockne Reiben, G., dry rubbing, die trock- 
 nen Frictionen, dry frictions. 
 
 XIPHI-STERNAL, adj., xiphi-sternalis, 
 L. : an epithet applied, by Bichat, to the 
 xyphoid appendix of the sternum, see 
 
 XYL 
 
 XipHo'iDE,adj., ;<psj(Sis, xiphoides.L., 
 schwertfonnig,G., xiphoid,sword-like: 
 an epithet precisely synon. with ENSI- 
 FORME, in its application to the xiphoid Car- 
 tilage, at the lower extremity of the ster- 
 num, der Schwertknorpel am Unterende 
 des Brustbeins, G. XIPHOIDIEN, adj. : xi- 
 phoideus, L.. : pertaining to the xiphoid car- 
 tilage ; as the ligament, L. xipho'idien, F., 
 das SchwertkHorpelbanA, G., which ex- 
 tends from the seventh rib to that cartilage. 
 
 XvLOPHAGE,adj., uXipayflf, xylopha- 
 gus, L., holzfressend, G., zylophagous, 
 wood-eating : an epithet applied to Insects, 
 whose larva, as that of certain Coleoptera, 
 or caterpillar, as that of Cossus ligniperda, 
 is developed in, and feeds upon, wood. 
 
 ZED 
 
 ZKDOAIRE, s. m. : a genus, in Botany, 
 Kannpferia ( Monandriu, monoyyn. ; Scitamin- 
 CCB), L., the Galaneale; comprehending, 
 
 531 
 
 ZED 
 
 among several other Asiatic species, the xe- 
 doary, K<emp. rotunda, Amomitm zedoar'm, 
 Berg., der Zitwer, G., with aron?atic,
 
 zoo 
 
 stimulant, and anlisposmodic root, radix zc- 
 doariae, L., die Zitterwurzel, G. 
 
 ZEE, a. m. : in Ichthyology, a genus of 
 Acanthopterygian Fishes, Ze*,L.;belong- 
 ing to the Scomberidte, see SCOMBRE ; and 
 comprizing several exclusively marine spe- 
 cies, among which the dory, Z-faber, Do- 
 ree, Poisson Saint- Pierre, F., is highly va- 
 lued for the delicacy of \tsflesh. 
 
 ZELOTYPIE,S. f., jXaTtnr/, zeloty- 
 pia, f. L., die leidenschaftliche Eifersucht, 
 G., -jealousy, amounting to monomania. 
 
 ZIKC, s. m., zincum, n. L., der Zink, 
 G. : a solid metal, Spec. Gr. T,l ; exist- 
 ing,^ nature, in the form of an impurecar- 
 bonate, Calamine, andsulphuret, blen- 
 de, in combination with iron. The prin- 
 cipal Pharmaceutical Preparation of zinc, is 
 the sulphate, see SULFATE. Internally 
 administered, aperient, or emetic, according 
 to the dose ; externally, stimulating. 
 
 ZOANTHHOPIE, s. f., F., and G., zoan- 
 thropia, f. (ao, an animal, anf^u-m;, man), 
 L.., zoanthropy : monomania , in which 
 the patient believes that he is transformed 
 into one of the lower animals. Cyntmthro- 
 py,and li/canlhropy&re varietiesof this some- 
 times not very extraordinary delusion. 
 
 ZOIATRIE, s. f., zoiatria, f. (*v, an a- 
 nimal, lar^tia, medical treatment), L,., 
 dieThierheilkunde,G.: the treatment of the 
 diseases ot the lower animals. ZOIATRE, s. 
 m., zoiatrus, m. L., derThierarzt, G., 
 horse- or cattle-doctor, seeVETkmNAiRE. 
 ZONE, s. f., n Z,uvn, zona, f. I,., die 
 Giirtel,G.: in Pathology, a cutaneous phlrg- 
 masia ; pertaining to Grou p, Dcrmatoses Ec- 
 zemateuses, of Alibert, and Order, Vestcnlae, 
 of Willan ; so named from encircling the 
 body of the patient, like a girdle, &w, Z,&><r- 
 TJ, of the Greek,ano. cingulum, of the La- 
 tin language : hence probably, the English 
 designation, shingles. Itis Zoster aiau, see 
 Traite Pratique des Maladies de la Peau, 
 of Alibert ; and Herpes zoster, Synopsis of 
 Cutaneous Diseases, of Bateman. 
 
 ZONE, s. f., zona, f. L. : in Physical Ge- 
 ography, a space on the surface of the ter- 
 restrial globe, comprized between two cir- 
 cles parallel to the equator. Z. tendineuse, 
 F., zona tendinosa, L. : in Anatomy, the 
 whitish circle observed in the circumference 
 of the right auriculo-ventricular orifice of 
 the heart. ZONE, adj., zonatus, L., ge- 
 kurgelt, G. : marked with concentric colour- 
 ed bands; as, in Zoology, the zoned shell of 
 Tellina zonata : in Botany, the pileus ofPo- 
 lyporus zonatus. 
 
 ZOOCHIMIE, s. f., zoochemia, f. (?^v, 
 an animal, %v?*,iia, see CHIMIE), L., die 
 Zoochemie, Thierchemie,G., animal che- 
 mistry. ZOODYNAMIE, s. f., zoodynamia, 
 f. (same, and Iviapit, power), L., das thier- 
 ische Lebensvermogen, die thier. Lebens- 
 thatigkeit, G., animal mechanics. 
 
 532 
 
 ZOO 
 
 ZOOGHAPHIE.S. f., zoographia, f. (*/- 
 ygatpiu, to draw, or paint animals), L., -die 
 Beschreibung der Thiere, G., description or 
 delineationof animals. ZooGRAPHiQUE.adj., 
 zoographicus, L., zoographisch, G., 
 zoographical : pertaining to zoography. 
 
 ZOOLITHE, s. m., zoolithus, m. (v, 
 an animal, XiVos, a stone), 1*, der Zoolith. 
 dieTbierversteinerung,G., zoolite; ape 
 trifled animal. ZOOLITHOGHAPHIE, s. f., 
 F., and G., zoolithographia, f. (same, and 
 y%a$u, to describe), L., zoolithography : 
 a description of . ZOOLITHOLOGIE, s. f- 
 F.,and G., zoolithologia,f.(sflfme, and x^- 
 os, a discourse), 1^., zoolithology : a Trea- 
 tise upon -fossil animal remains. 
 
 ZOOLOGIE, S. f., Z0ologia,f. (<uv, Xy~ 
 
 a;, a discourse), I*, dieThierlehre, Natur- 
 f/eschichte der Thiere, G. Zoology, or the 
 Natural History of Animals, may be dis- 
 tinguished into the General, Local, or Par- 
 ticular, and Medical. See HISTOIRE Natu- 
 relle ; and, in addition to the works, there 
 quoted,as respectively illtistratingtheseDi- 
 visions,the//ee/z/r<-* on Zoology and Natural 
 History of Man, by Lawrence, and Recueil 
 d' Observations de Zoologie, etc. (2 vol. 4to. 
 Paris, 1811-33), of the accomplished Hum- 
 boldt ; the splendid Zoolofjia Danica, ot" 
 Miiller, and Stephenson's Medical Zooloijy. 
 8vo. 1832. ZooLOGidUE,adj., zoologicus, 
 L., zoologisch, die Zoo/ojwbetreffend,G., 
 zoological, relating to Zoology. ZOOLO- 
 GISTE, s.m., zoologista, zoologus, m. I-.., 
 der Zoolog, G., a zoologist. 
 
 ZOOMAGNETISME, s. m., zoomagnetis- 
 mus,m. L., der animalische oder Lebens- 
 Magnetismus, G., animal magnetism. 
 
 ZOONOMIE, s. f. F., and L., zoonomia, 
 f. (?v, an animal, tofto;, law), L., zoono- 
 my: a Treatise on the laws of animal life ; 
 as the celebrated Zoonomia, of the highly 
 gifted and speculative Darwin. 
 
 ZOONOSOLOGIE, s. f. F., and G., zoono- 
 sologia, f. L., zoonosology: ZOOPATHOI,- 
 OGIE, s. f. F., and G., zoopathologia, f. L , 
 zoopathology : terms, of obvious deriva- 
 tion; indiscriminately employed to desig- 
 nate the doctrine of diseases of animals, die 
 Lehre von den Krankheiten der Thiere, G. 
 
 ZoOPHAGE,adj., iao(f>a.yos, ZOOphagUS, 
 
 L., zoophagous : feeding on animal, sub- 
 stances; as carnivorous animals, in gener- 
 al; and, more especially, an Order ot'Cela- 
 cea, C. zoophaga;so named, as distinguish- 
 ed, by this peculiarity, from their phyto- 
 phagous allies. See PnyTOPHAGE. 
 
 ZOOPHYSIOLOGIE, s. f., zoophysiologia, 
 f. L., die Physiologic der Thiere, G., an- 
 imal physiology. ZoopHYSiOLOGiQUE,adj., 
 zoophvsiologicus, L., die Zoophysiologir 
 betreffend,G., zoophysiological : relating 
 to zoophysioloyy . 
 
 ZOOPHYTE, s.m., ri%ua$ure>i, zoophy- 
 tum,n,L.j dasZoophyt.dieThierpttanze,
 
 ZYG 
 
 G., zoophyte: literally, an animal-plant; 
 so termed as apparently forming the con- 
 necting link between animals and plants ; 
 and syn. with PHYTOZOAIHE. ZOOPHYTES, 
 pi., ra. gaaQuru, Zoophyta, L., die Zoo- 
 phyten, Thierpn 1 anzen,G., zoophytes: in 
 Zoology, the designation of the 4th Order 
 of Class, Vermes, in the Systema Naturaepf 
 Linnaeus; and of the 4th Grand Division of 
 animals, Animaux Rayonnes, of le Regne 
 Animal, of Cuvier; comprizing the lowest 
 grades of animal organization. For the mo- 
 dern zoological distribution of the zoophy- 
 ta, Actinozoa, of Blainville, and Cycloneu - 
 ra,ofGrant, into two sub-regna, see NE- 
 
 MATONEtTRE. ZOOPHYTIQUE, adj., ZOO- 
 
 phyticus, L., zoophytisch, Zoophyten be- 
 tretFend, dazugehorig,G., zoophytic: re- 
 lating, or pertaining, to zoophytes. 
 
 ZoopHYTOGRAPHiE,s.f, zoophytogra- 
 phia, f. (^aoQvrov, ygaQ/u, to describe), L., 
 zoophy tography : a description of : Zo- 
 OPHYTOLOGiE,s.f., zoonhytologia,f.(ane, 
 and Kayo;, discourse), L., die Lehre von 
 den Zoophyten,G. : a Treatise on Zoophytes. 
 ZOOPHYTOLOGIQUE, adj., zoophytologi- 
 cus,L., die Zoophytologie betrefrend,G., 
 zoophy tological: relating to zoophy tology. 
 
 ZOOTOCIE, S. f., fl gaoroxia, ZOOtOCia, 
 
 f. L., das Lebendig-baren, G.: the condi- 
 tion of an animal, TO ^uaraxov, zootocon, 
 n.L., ein lebendigcJunge geb'drendesThier, 
 G., which brings forth its young alive, 
 see VIVIPARE. 
 
 ZOOTOMIE, s. f., zootomia, f. (&<>*, an 
 animal, rop.*, incision), L., die Thierzer- 
 gliederung, anatomische Zerlegung thier- 
 ischer Korper, G., zootomy: dissection of 
 the bodies of animals. See Carus, Lehr- 
 luch der Zootomie, 8vo. Leipzig, 1818. Zo- 
 OTOMIQUE, adj., zootomicus. L., zooto- 
 misch, G., zootomical: pertaining to : 
 ZOOTOMISTE, s. m., zootomista, m. L., 
 der Thierzergliederer, G., zootomist : a 
 practitioner of zootomy. 
 
 ZYGOMA, s. m. F., n. L., TO fyyup.it, 
 dasTochbein,G., cheek-bone, seeMA- 
 LAIRE. ZYGOMATKIUE, adj., zygomati- 
 cus, L., zygomatisch, G.: an epitnet des- 
 ignative, in Anatomy, of parts, or organs, 
 which belong to, or are connected with, the 
 zygoma, jugal or malar bone; as, 1. an arch, 
 Arcade zi/gomatique, F., arcus zygomat- 
 icus, L., der ,/ocAbogen, G., resulting 
 from the union of the temporal process of 
 the zygomatic, with, 2, a corresponding 
 
 533 
 
 ZYT 
 
 process, Apophysc zygomalique, process- 
 us zygomaticus,der ,/ocAfortsatz, G., of 
 the temporal bone: 3. a depression, Fosse 
 zygomatique, comprized between the pos- 
 terior border of the external wing of the 
 pterygoid process, and the ridge wnich de- 
 scends from the malar tuberosity to the su- 
 perior alveolar border : and, 4. Muscles, 
 M '. zygomatiques ; of which, a. the greater, 
 Zygomatique grand ( gr. Zygomata-labial, 
 Ch.), Zygomaticus major, L., grosserer 
 Jochbeinmuskel, G., extends from exter- 
 nal surface of the malar bone, to the angle 
 of the lips ; and, b. the lesser, Zyg. petit 
 ( pet. Zygomata-labial, Ch.), Zygomaticus 
 minor, kleinerer 7ocA&ei/miuskel,G., fre- 
 quently wanting, pursues a course parallel, 
 and interior, to the preceding. 
 
 ZYGOMATO-AUKICULAIHE, adj., zygo- 
 mato-auricularis, L. : an epithet applied, by 
 Chaussier, to Anterior attris, muscle, see 
 
 AURICULAIRE, - leM.ZYGOMATO-CoNCH- 
 
 INIEN, musculus zygomato-conchinian- 
 us, L., of Dumas; from its attachments 
 to the zygomatlc process, and external ear. 
 
 ZYGOMATO-LABIAL, s. m.,and adj., zy- 
 gomato-labialis, L..: a term applied, by 
 Chaussier, to the zygomatic muscles, die 
 
 from their attachments to the zygoma, and 
 angle of the lips. 
 
 ZYGOMATO-MAXILLAIHE, s.m.,and adj., 
 zygomato-maxillaris, L.: a term, or epi- 
 thet, applied, by Chaussier, to the masseler 
 muscle, seeMAssETER; from its attach- 
 ments to the zygomatic process, and maxil- 
 la inferior. 
 
 ZYMOLOGIE, s. f., zymologia, f. (vfi>i, 
 leaven, XoyJ, a discourse), L., die Gahr- 
 ungslehre, Lehre von der G'dhrung, G., 
 a Treatise on fermentation. ZYMOLOGIQUE, 
 adj., zymologicus, L., die Zymologie be- 
 treffend, dazu gehorig, G., zymological : 
 relating, or pertaining, to zymology. 
 
 ZYBIOSIMETRE, s. m., zymosimetrum, 
 n. (?u / t<w<ri5,fermentation, p.i<rgav,a measure), 
 L., das Zymosimeter, der Gahrungsmes- 
 ser, G.: an instrument for measunng the 
 degree of fermentation of a liquid. 
 
 ZVMOTECHNIE, s. f., zymotechnia, f. 
 (^^fl, leaven, <ri%>n, art), L.,_die Gahr- 
 kunst,G M zymotechny : the art of excit- 
 ing fermentation. 
 
 ZYTHOGALE,S. m., zythogala, f. L., 
 ein Gemisch von Bier und Milch, G., a 
 mixture of beer, &fos, and milk, yai.it. 
 
 THE END
 
 NOTICE. The few typographical and other errors in the German 
 terms, which have eluded the Author's vigilance in the preceding part 
 of the work, will be corrected in the following Dictionary.
 
 GERMAN-ENGLISH-FEENCH DICTIONARY, 
 
 OF THE SCIENTIFIC TERMS 
 
 CONTAINED IN THE PRECEDING DICTIONARY. 
 
 EXPLANATION. 
 
 THE French term is the synonyme of the German ; and is the term in the Dictionary under 
 which the information, which relates to it, will be found. 
 
 The Exceptions are : 1. When the German term is followed hy the French term in Italics, the 
 French is not the synonyme of the German ; but indicates the article under which the explana- 
 tion will be found : 2. When the German term is printed in Italics, such term will not be found 
 in the preceding part of the Dictionary : it has been subsequently added to render the work more 
 complete. Its precise meaning will be fixed by the English or Latin synonyme which im- 
 mediately follows. 
 
 Adj., appended to a German term, denotes that it is an adjective ; f., noun feminine ; m., mas- 
 culine ; n., neuter ; pi., plural ; v., verb : *., before the French term, signifies see ; and a , that 
 the reference is the same as the preceding French term. 
 
 A. 
 
 ABG 
 
 ABS 
 
 Aal, m., Anguilla, Anguille. 
 Aalbeerstrauch, m., Ribes rubrum, s. Gro- 
 
 seilUer. 
 
 Aalfrau, Blennius viviparus, s. Vivipare. 
 Aalmutter, same, 
 
 Aalputte, Aalquabbe, f., Gadus lota, s. Gade. 
 Acts, n., carcase, Cadavre. 
 Aaspflanze, f., Stapelia, Stapelie. 
 Abanderung, variety, Varie'te'. 
 Abart, same, Varie'te'. 
 Abarlung, f., degeneracy, A batardissement. 
 Abbiss, Scabiosa succisa, s. Scabieuse. 
 Abbl'dlterunff der Knochen, exfoliation of 
 
 bones, Exfoliation. 
 Abbrechung, abruption, Abruption. 
 Abbrennen, n., combustion, Deflagration. 
 Abbrennung, same, 
 Abdampfung, evaporation, Evaporation. 
 Abdominoskopie, f., inspection of abdomen, 
 
 Abdominoscopie. 
 Abelmosch, m., Hibiscus abelmoschus, s. 
 
 Ambrelte. 
 A benddammerung, e vening-t wilight,s. Cre- 
 
 puscule. 
 
 Aberaute, f., Artemisia abrot., Abrotanum. 
 Aberesche, f., Sorbus aucuparia, s. Sorbier. 
 Aberlauch, Allium scorodoprasum, Rocam- 
 bole. 
 
 Aberwitz, m., madness, De'lire. 
 Abfallen der Blatter, fall of leaves, DeTo- 
 
 liation. 
 
 Abfallend. deciduous, Decidu. 
 Abfuhrend, abstergent, Abstergent. 
 Abf iihrung, abstersion, Abstersion. 
 Abgang, m. dejection (alvine), Dejection. 
 Abgebluht, deflorate, De'flore'. 
 Abgebogen, adj., declinate, De'cline'. 
 
 535 
 
 Abgef'drbt, adj., colourless, De'colore*. 
 Abgekochte, decoction, Apozeme. 
 Abgelebt, decrepid, Decrepit. 
 Abgelebtes Alter, decrepid age, 
 Abgelebtheit, decrepitude, Decrepitude. 
 Abgemagert, emaciated, Emacie. 
 Abgezogen, adj., distilled, Distille'. 
 Abgiessen, decantation, De"cantation. 
 Abgiessung, f., same, 
 Abgliederung, amputation at a joint, A- 
 
 parthrose. 
 
 Abhellyng, f., clarification, Clarification. 
 Abholder, m., Viscum album, s. Gui. 
 Abirrung, aberration, Aberration. 
 Abklarung, defecation, De'fecation. 
 Abkochung, decoction, De'coction. 
 Ablactiren, n., ablactation, Ablactation. 
 Ablaufend, decurrent, De'current. 
 Ableiten, revulsion, ReVulsion. 
 Ableitend, revulsive, Rdvulsif. 
 Ableitung, f., revulsion, Re'vulsion. 
 Ablosen, to amputate, Amputar. 
 Ablosung, amputation, Amputation. 
 Abmagerung, emaciation, Emaciation. 
 Abnahme, removal, s. Aparthrose. 
 Abnehmen, extirpation, Extirpation. 
 Abnehmen des Alters, decline of age, 
 Abnehmendes Alter, declining age, De'cline. 
 Abortlvmittel, n., a remedy for procuring a- 
 
 bortion, s. Abortif. 
 
 Abrahamsbaum,m.,Vitex. .s. Aynus caslus. 
 Abrasch, n. Sorbus aucuparia. s. Sorbier. 
 Abreissung, abruption, Abruption. 
 Abruserbse, f., Abrus precatorius, Abrus. 
 Abrusstrauch, same, 
 Abs'dugen, v., to cease from suckling, 
 Absaugung, ablactation, Ablactation.
 
 ACK 
 
 Abscess, m., abscess, Abces. 
 Abscessahnlich, abscess-like, Aposte'moide. 
 Abschaben, abrasion, Abrasion. 
 Abschaffung, abolition, Abolition. 
 Abschalung, decor tication, Decortication. 
 Abschaumung,despumation,Despumation. 
 Abschneiden, to amputate, Amputar. 
 Abschneidung, amputation, Amputation. 
 Abschuppen,desquamation,Desquamation. 
 Absicht, f., indication, Indication. 
 Absiedung, decoction, Decoction. 
 Absondernd, secreting, Secretaire. 
 Absonderung, secretion, Secretion. 
 Absorbirend, absorbent, Absorbant. 
 Absorbirende Mittel, absorbent remedies. 
 Absplitterung, s. Abschuppen. 
 Absteigend, descending, s. Oblique. 
 Absud, m., decoction, Apozeme. 
 Abtheilung, division, Division. 
 Abtreibend, abortive, Abortif. 
 Abtrennung, f., tearing-out, Arrachement. 
 Abwachsung, ablution, Ablution. 
 Abwechselnd, alternate, Alterae". 
 Abweg, diverticle, Diverticule. 
 Abweichung, aberration, Aberration. 
 Abzehrend,adj.,c(msum\)\.ive, Consoinptif. 
 Abzehrung, f., consumption, Consomption. 
 Abziehen, abduction, Abduction. 
 Abzieher, abductor, Abducteur. 
 Abziehmuskel, m., abd. muscle, 
 Abziehung, abduction, Abduction. 
 Acacienbaum, Acacia, s. Acacia. 
 Acajoubaum, Anacardium occidentale : 
 Acajounuss, cashew-nut, s. Acajou. 
 Accessorisch, adj., accessory, Accessoire. 
 Accouchiren, to practise midwifery, Ac- 
 
 coucher. 
 
 Achillenkraut, Achillaea, Achillee. 
 Achillexflechse, f, tendo Achillis, s. Tendon. 
 Achillessehne, same, 
 Achse, axis, Axe. 
 Achsel, axilla, Aisselle. 
 Achselblatter, axillary leaves, s. Axillaire. 
 Achselblumen, axill. flowers, 
 Achselblutadern, axill. veins, 
 Achseldolden,\)L, axill. umbels, s. OmMle- 
 Achseldornen, pi., axill. spines, s. E'pine. 
 Achseldriisen, axill. glands, s. Amllaire. 
 Achselgabeln, pi., axill. tendrils, s. Cirrhe. 
 Achselaestank, m., axill. fetor, Hircisme. 
 Achselgrube, arm-pit, Aisselle. 
 Achselgrubenhaare, pi., axillary hairs, s. Ax- 
 
 illaire. Achselhaare, same, s. Hircisme. 
 Achselhdhle, arm-pit, Aisselle. 
 Achselhohlenabscess, m., axillary abscess. 
 Achselnerv, m., axill. nerve, s. Axillaire. 
 Achselpulsader,f.,&xi\\. artery, 
 Achlzehnkopfige Binde, f'., eighteen-tailed 
 
 bandage, s. Bandage. 
 
 Ackerbaum, m., Quercus robur, *. Chine. 
 Ackerbeere, f., Rubus caesius, s. Ronce. 
 Ackerbrome, f., same, 
 Ackererbse, f., Pisum arvense, s. Pots. 
 Ackerhahnenfuss, m., Ranunculus acris, et 
 
 arvensis, . Renoncule. 
 53C 
 
 AEG 
 
 Ackerholdnr,m., Sambucus ebulus, s. Surtau. 
 AckerJtamille, f., Anthemis arvensis,*. Cam- 
 
 omille. 
 Ackerkiimmel, m., Agrostemma githago, 
 
 Githage. 
 
 Ackerlerche, f. Alaudaarvensis,s. Alouette. 
 Ackermann,m.,A.corus calamus, Acore vrai. 
 Ackermannkraut, n., Anchusa officinalis, 
 
 s. Buglose. 
 Ackermenniff, n., Agrimonia eupatorium, 
 
 s. Aigremoine. 
 Ackermohne,f., Papaver argemone, et dubi- 
 
 um, s. Pavot. 
 Ackerringelblume, ., Calendula officinalis, 
 
 S. Sour/. 
 
 Ackerrittersporn, m., Delphinium consolida, 
 
 s. Dauphinelle. 
 Ackersauerampfer, m., Rumex acetosa, .<;. 
 
 Oseille. 
 Ackerscabiose, f., Scabiosa arvensis, s. Sca- 
 
 bieuse. 
 Ackersleinsame, f., Lithospermum arvense, 
 
 s. Gremil. 
 
 Acker thy mian, m. Thymus acinos, Acinos. 
 Ackerviole, Viola tricolor, s. Viole. 
 Ackerwinde, f., Convolvulus arvensis, s. Li- 
 
 seron. 
 Ackrasbeere, f. Ribes grossularia, s. Groseil- 
 
 lier. 
 
 Acupunctur, f'., acupuncture, Acupuncture. 
 Adnmsapfel, m., pomum Adami, Pomnie 
 
 d'Adam. 
 
 Ader, Adern, pi., vein, veins, Veine. 
 Ader goldene, haemorrhoid, He'morrho'ide. 
 Aderbruch, m., rupture of a vein, Phlebor- 
 
 rhexie. 
 
 Aderbruch, varix, Varice. 
 Adergeflccht,choroiA plexus,*. Choroide. 
 Adergi'flcchtschlagadern, pl.chor. arteries, 
 Adergeflcchtvenen, pi., choroid veins, 
 Adergewebe, choroid plexus, 
 Aderhaut .Aderhautchen desAuges, cho- 
 roid membrane of the eye, 
 Aderh'dutcJum, n., choroid plexus, 
 Aderhautchen der Nachgeburt, n.,chorion, 
 
 Chorion. 
 
 Aderknoten, varix, Varice. 
 Aderkropf, m., varix, 
 Aderlass, venesection, Phle'botomie. 
 Aderlassbecken, n., blood-basin, s. Palette. 
 Aderlassbinde, f., fillet, s. Bandage. 
 Aderlasseisen, lancet, Phle'botome. 
 Aderlfissen, n., venesection, Phle'botomie. 
 Aderlassschnapper, spring-lancet, s. Phlt- 
 
 botome. 
 
 Adernetze, pi., choroid plexuses, s.Choro'ide. 
 Aderpresse, tourniquet, Tourniquet. 
 Adipocire, f., adipocere, Adipocire. 
 Adler, Aquila, Aigle. 
 Adlerholz, n., aloes-wood, Agalloche. 
 Adlerkraut, n., Pteris aquilina, s. Pteiide. 
 Adynamie, f., weakness, Adynamie. 
 Adynamisch, adj., adynamic, Adynamique. 
 AechterZimmt,cinnamon-bark,s.Canf//c. 
 Aeaophonie, f., egophony, E'gophonie.
 
 AFF 
 
 Aegyptische Augenentzundung, Egyptian 
 ophthalmy, *. Ophlhalmie. 
 
 Aegyptischer Schotendorn, Acacia vera, s. 
 Acacia. 
 
 Aehre, spike, E'pi. 
 
 Aehrenformig, spiked, Epie'. 
 
 Aepfelsaure, malic acid, s. Malique. 
 
 Aepfelsaure Salze, malates, s. Malatc. 
 
 Aerodynamik, aerodynamics, Adrodynam- 
 ique. 
 
 AZrographle, aerography, Aerographie. 
 
 Aerolith, aerolite, AeVolithe. 
 
 Aerologie, aerology, Ae"rologie. 
 
 Aerometer, aerometer, Aerometre. 
 
 Aerometrie, aerometry, Aerometrie. 
 
 Aerophobie, aerophoby, Ae'rophobie. 
 
 Aerzte, pi., physicians, s. latre. 
 
 Aesche, f., Aeschebaum^m., Fraxinus, Frene. 
 
 Acscherung, fl, incineration, Incineration. 
 
 Aespe, f , Populus, Peuplier. 
 
 Aestchen, branchlet, twig, s. Branche. 
 
 Aeste, pL, branches, s. Ast. 
 
 Aestig, ramose, Rameux. 
 
 Aether, ether, Ether. 
 
 Aetherisch, ethereal, Ethere. 
 
 Aetherische Tinctur, ethereal tincture, 
 
 Aetherischer Geist, ethereal spirit, 
 
 Aetherisches Oel, ethereal oil, s. Hulle. 
 
 Aetiologie, etiology, Etiologie. 
 
 Aetzammonium, n., caustic ammonia, s. 
 Ammoniaque. 
 
 Aetzbar, caustic, Caustique. 
 
 Aetzbarkeit, causticity, Causticite. 
 
 Aetzen, cauterization, Cauterisation. 
 
 Aetzen, v., to cauterize, Cauteriser. 
 
 Aetzend, corrosive, Corrosif. 
 
 Aetzende Ammoniumfliissigkeit, f., solu- 
 tion of caustic ammonia, s. Ammoniaque. 
 
 Aetzender Kalk, quicklime, s. Chaux. 
 
 Aetzendes Chlorinquecksilber, corrosive 
 chloride of mercury, s. Chlorure. 
 
 Aetzendes Kali, caustic potass, s. Potasse. 
 
 Aetzendes salzsaures Quecksilber, corros- 
 ive muriate of mercury, s. Chlorure. 
 
 Aetzkraft, causticity, Causticite. 
 
 Aetzmittel, an escharotic, Escarrotique. 
 
 Aetznatron, aetzende Soda, caustic soda, 
 Soude. 
 
 Aetzquecksilber,corr. mercury, s. Corrosif. 
 
 Aetzsilber, n., nitrate of silver, s. Argent. 
 
 Aetzsublimat, corr. sublimate, s. Corrosif. 
 
 Aetzung, corrosion, Corrosion. 
 
 Aeusser, adj., external, Externe. 
 
 Aeussere Kopfschlagader,external carotid 
 artery, s. Carotide. 
 
 Aeusserer (schrager) Bauchmuskel, exter- 
 nal (oblique) muscle, s. Oblique. 
 
 Aeusseres Ohr, the external ear, Auricule. 
 
 Aeusserlich, extrinsic, Extrinseque. 
 
 Aeusserliche Krankheiten, external dis- 
 eases, s. Externe. 
 
 Aeusserste, extremity, Extremite. . 
 
 Affenbaum, Adansonia digitata, Baobab. 
 
 Affenbeere, f., Vaccinium oxycoccos, Can- 
 neberge. 
 
 537 
 
 AKY 
 
 Aflenlrod,n.,fmctus Adansoniae, s. Baobab. 
 Afrikanische Zibethkatze, Viverracivetta, 
 
 s. Civelle. 
 Afrikanischer Elephant, Elephas africanus, 
 
 s. E'leplwmt, 
 Afrikanisches Huhn, Numida meleagris, 
 
 Pintade. 
 
 After, anus, Anus. 
 Afterbeule, weiche, soft anal tumour, Ex- 
 
 oche. 
 
 Afterblatt, n., stipule, Stipule. 
 Afterblutfluss, haemorrhage from the anus, 
 
 Proctorrhagie. 
 
 Afterbremse, r., CEstrus, OEstre. 
 Afterdarm, m., intestinum rectum, Rectum. 
 Afterdolde, s., cyme, Cyme. 
 Afterentziindung, proctitis, Proctite. l 
 Afterflosse, anal fin, s. Nageoire, 
 Afterftuffei, f., spurious wing, s. Aile. 
 Afterfluss, anal discharge, Proctorrhee. 
 Aftergeburt, after-birth, Placenta. 
 Afterheber, Levator ani, s. Releveur. 
 Aftcrk'dfer,m., Proscarabaeus vulg.,s. Meloe. 
 Afterkaninchen, Cavia cobaya, s. Cochon. 
 A fterkriecher, m., (Estrus ha5inorr.,s. CEstre. 
 Aflerschirm, m., cyme, Cyme. 
 AJterschlagadern, pL, lower haemorrhoidal 
 
 arteries, s. Hemorrho'idal. 
 Afterschliesser, Sphincter ani, s. Sphincter. 
 Afterschmerz, anal pain, Proctagre. 
 Afterstrauss, m., corymb, Corymbe. 
 Aftervorfall, prolapsus ani, Proctoptose. 
 Afterwurm, m., Oxyuris verm., s. Oxyure. 
 Agalactie, f., suppression of milk, Agalactie, 
 Agami, Psophia crepitans, Agami. 
 Agamie, f., Agamia, Agamie. 
 Agamisch, adj., agamous, Agame. 
 Aglossie, f., absence of tongue, A glossie. 
 Agonie, agony, Agonie. 
 Agrypnie, f., sleeplessness, Agrypnie. 
 Affslein, m., amber, Succin. 
 Affutithier, n., Chloromys aguti, Agouti. 
 Ahorn, Acer, Erable. 
 Ai, Bradypus tridactylus, s. Tridactyle. 
 
 Akajubaum, Akajunuss, s. Acajou. 
 Akampsie, f., inflexibility, Acampsie. 
 Akardie, f., deficiency of heart, Acardie. 
 Ake, f., Quercus, Chene. 
 Akephalen,ipl.&cepha.l.'M.onusc&,s.AcepJiale. 
 Akephalie, f., absence of head, Acephalie. 
 A kern, m., acorn, Gland. 
 Akinesie, f., immobility, Acine*sie. 
 Akolooie,f., acology, Acologie. 
 Akonitine, aconitine, Acomtine. 
 Akonitum, Aconitum, Aconit. 
 Akorwurz, Acorus calamus, Acore vrai. 
 Akotyledonie, Acotyledonia, Acotyledonie. 
 Akridophaffie,f., acridophagy, Acridophagie. 
 Afcrisie, f., termination of a disease without 
 
 crisis, Acrisie. 
 
 Akromion, acromion, Acromion. 
 Aktinie, f., Actinia, Actinie. 
 Akustik, f., acoustics, Acoustique. 
 Akyese, f., sterility, Aciesie. 
 
 2L
 
 ALP 
 
 Alabaster, m., alabaster, Alabatre. 
 Alalie, f., loss of speech, Alalie. 
 Aland, Alant, m., Inula, Inule. 
 Alander, m. Eperlanus, Eperlan. 
 Alantbeere, f., llibes nigrum, s. Groseillier. 
 Alantwurz, f. Inula helenium, Aun^e. 
 Alantwurzel,f., root of Elecampane, 
 Alantwurzelextract, extract of , 
 Alantwurzelsalbe, ointment of, 
 Alaun, alum, Alun. 
 
 Alaun, gebrannter, burnt alum, s. Alun. 
 Alaun, gemeiner, common alum, 
 Alaunerde, f., alumina ?, Alumine. 
 Alaunhaltig, adj., aluminous, s. Alumlneux. 
 AZaunmolken, pi., alum-whey, s. Alun. 
 Alcali, s. Alkali. 
 
 Alcannawurzel, f., alkanet-root, Orcanette. 
 Alchemic, Alchymie, alchemy, Alchimie. 
 Alchymist, m., alchemist, Alchimiste. 
 Alcornoc, alcornoc-bark, Alcornoc. 
 Alcornocbaum, m., Alchornea ? s. Alcornoc. 
 Alcornocextract, alcornoc-extract, 
 Alcornocrinde, alcornoc-bark, 
 AlembicTt, m., alembick, Alambic. 
 Aleppische Gallapfel, Aleppo-gall-nut, s. 
 
 Galle. 
 
 Alfsranke, f., Solanum dulc., s. Morelle. . 
 Alhorn, m., Sambucus niger, s. Sureau. 
 Alkah', alcali, Alcali. 
 Alkalien, pi., alcalis, s. Alcali. 
 Alkalisch, alcaline, Alcalin. 
 AlkalischeSalze, pi., alcaline salts, 
 Alkalisirung, f., alcalization, Alcalization. 
 Alkohol, m., alcohol, Alcohol. 
 Alkoholisch, alcoholic, Acoolique. 
 Alkoholisirung, alcoholizat., Alcoolisation. 
 Attantoiss'dure, f., an acid contained in the 
 
 fluid of the allantois, s. Allanto'ide. 
 Alleenbaum, m., Salix alba, s. Saule. 
 Alleluja, Oxalis acetosella, Alleluia. 
 Allerbaum, m., Populus alba, s. Peuplier. 
 Allerleygewurz, Pimenta vulg., s. Pimcnt. 
 Allfressend, omnivorous, Omnivore. 
 Allfressende Vogel, Aves omnivori, 
 Allfressendes Thier, omnivorous animal, 
 Allgemein, general, Gene'ral. 
 Allgemeine Anatomie, general anatomy, 
 
 s. Anatomie. 
 
 Alligator, Crocodilus alligator, s. Crocodile. 
 Allotriophagie, , allotriophagy, AUotrio- 
 
 phagie. 
 
 Alltaglich, adj., quotidian, Quotidien. 
 Alltaglicb.es Fieber, quotidian fever, 
 Almel/flechblume, f., Spilanthes acmella, Ac- 
 
 mella. 
 
 Aloe, aloes, Aloes. 
 
 Aloeextract, Extract of Aloes, s. Aloes. 
 Aloeholz, n., aloes-wood, Agalloche. 
 Aloetinctur, tincture of aloes, s. Aloes. 
 A lose, f., Clupea alosa, Alose. 
 Alp, Alpdriicken, night-mare, Ephialte. 
 Alpenenzian, m., G. acaulis, s- Gentiane. 
 Alpenhase, f., Lepus variabilis, s. Lievre. 
 Alprauch, m., Alpraule, f., Fumaria offici- 
 
 nalis, s. Fumeterre, 
 538 
 
 AMM 
 
 ^/raMn,f.,Atropamandragora,Mandragore. 
 Alscn, Artemisia absinthium, Asinthe. 
 A lsroschen,n., Helleborus niger, s.Helleborc. 
 Alter, age, Age. 
 
 Alter, griinendes, green old age, Agerasie. 
 Altersflecke, melasma, Me'lasme. 
 Alterspflege, senile hygiene, Gerocomie. 
 Altersschwache, f., senile emaciation, s.Ma- 
 
 rasme. 
 
 Althablatter, leaves of Althzeaofficinalis, s. 
 Althae, f., Althaea, 
 Althawurzel, root of Althaea, 
 A lyssenkraut,n.,G lobularia aly pon, Aly pon . 
 Amalgam, n., amalgam, Amalgame. 
 Amalgamation,amalgamat.,Amalgamation 
 Amalgamiren, to amalgamate, Amalgamer. 
 A maranle,f., Amaranthus, s.Amaranthacees- 
 Amaurose, Amaurosis, Amaurose. 
 Amber, m., amber, Succin. 
 Amber, fliissiger, liquid storax, s. Styrax. 
 Amber, gelber, yellow amber, Succin. 
 Amber, weisser, spermaceti, Spermaceti. 
 
 Amberbaum, same, 
 
 Amberfett, n.,ambreine, Ambreine. 
 
 Amberfisch, m., Physeter macrocephalus, 
 
 s. Physetere. 
 
 Ambergries, ambergris, s. Ambre. 
 Amberharz, n., s. Amberfett. 
 Amberkugelchen, pi., ambergris- troches. 
 Amberstoff, s. Amberfett. 
 Ambertinctur, tinct. of ambergris, s. Ambre. 
 Ambos, incus, Enclume. 
 Ambra, m., ambergris, s. Ambre. 
 Ambrein, n., s. Amberfett. 
 Ameise, Formica, Fourmi. 
 Ameisenather, formic ether, s. Formiate. 
 Ameisenb'dr, Ameisenfresser, m., ant-eater, 
 
 (Myrmecophaga), s. Edente. 
 Ameisenfressend, adj., ant-eating, Formici- 
 
 vore. 
 
 Ameisenhause, ant's nest, s. Fourmi. 
 Ameisenkricchen, n., formicat., Formication. 
 Ameisennest, s. Ameisenhause. 
 Ameisensaure, formic acid, s. Formiate. 
 Ameisensaure Salze, formiates, 
 Amenie, f., Amenia, Amenie. 
 Amenorrhoe, amenorrhoea, Ame'norrhe'e. 
 Amerikanischer wilder Ochs, Bos ameri- 
 
 canus, Bison. 
 Amhorn t m., Acer, Erable. 
 Ammey, Ammi, Ammi, Ammi. 
 Ammodyteschlange, Coluber ammodytes, 
 
 Ammodyte. 
 
 Ammoniak, m., s. Ammoniakgummi. 
 Ammoniakgas, n., ammonia, Ammoniaque. 
 Ammoniakgummi, n., gum-ammoniacum, 
 
 Ammoniaque. 
 
 A mmoniakhaltig, adj ., ammon ., A mmoniacal. 
 Ammoniakmilch, milk of ammoniacum, s. 
 
 Ammoniaque. 
 
 Ammoniakpflaster,ammoniacum-plaster, 
 Ammoniakpille, ammoniacum. pill, 
 Ammoniaksalz, m., an ammoniacal salt, s. 
 
 AmmoniacaL
 
 ANA 
 
 Ammoniakschleimharz, n., ammoniacum, 
 Ammoniaque. 
 
 Ammoniakseife, ammoniacum-soap, 
 
 Ammoniaksyrup, syrup ofammoniacum, 
 
 Ammoniaktinctur, tincture of , 
 
 Ammoniakzuckersaft, syrup of, 
 
 Ammonisch, adj., ammoniacal, Ammoniace. 
 
 Ammonium, ammonium, Ammonium. 
 
 Ammoniumhaltig, adj., s. Ammoniakhaltig. 
 
 Ammoniumsalbe, f., volatile liniment of am- 
 monia. 
 
 Ammoniumweingeist, spirit of , 
 
 Ammoniumweinstein, m., tartrate of po- 
 tass and ammonia, s. Tartrate. 
 
 Ammonshorn, cornu ammon-is, s. Corne. 
 
 Amnesie, f., loss of memory, Amne'sie. 
 
 Amomum, Amomum, Amome. 
 
 Amorphie, deformity, Amorphie. 
 
 Amorphisch, amorphous, Amorphe. 
 
 Ampfer. m., Rumex, Oseille. 
 
 Ampferkraut, n., same, 
 
 Amphiarthrose, amphiarthrosis, Amphiar- 
 throse. 
 
 Amphibie, amphibious animal, Amphibie. 
 
 Amphibien, pL, amphibia, s. Amphibie- 
 
 Amphibienhaft, adj., amphibious, 
 
 Amphibienstein, m., fossil amphibium. 
 
 Amphibium, an amphibium, Amphibie. 
 
 Ampulle, f., ampulla, Ampoule. 
 
 Ampullen, pi., same, s. Ampoule, 
 
 Amputation, f., amputation, Amputation. 
 
 Amputiren, v., to amputate, Amputar. 
 
 Amscl, f., Merula vulg., s. Merle. 
 
 Amselbeere, Amselkirsche, f., Rhamnus ca- 
 tharticus, s. Nerprun. 
 
 Amyelie, f.,amyelia, Amye'lie. 
 
 Amijxie, f., amyxia, Amyxie. 
 
 Anacatharse, f., anacatharsis, Anacatharse. 
 
 Anagyris, Anagyris, Anagyre. 
 
 Anagyris, stinkende, A. fcetida,s. Anagyre. 
 
 Analepsie, f., analepsis, Analepsie. 
 
 Analeptisch, adj., analeptic, Analeptique. 
 
 Analogic, analogy, Analogic. 
 
 Analogisch, analogical, Analogique. 
 
 Analyse, analysis, Analyse. 
 
 Analytisch, analytical, Analytique. 
 
 Anamnese, recollection, Anamnesie. 
 
 Anamnestik, anamnesticks, 
 
 Anamnestisch, adj., anamnestic, Anamnes- 
 tique. 
 
 Ananaserdbeere, f., Fragaria, Fraisier. 
 
 Anandrie, f., Anandria, Anandrie. 
 
 Anasarka, anasarca, Anasarque. 
 
 Anastomose, f., anastomosis, Anastomose. 
 
 Anastomosen der Gef'dsse, pi., anastomoses 
 of vessels, 
 
 A nastomotisch, adj., anastomotic, Anastomo- 
 tique. 
 
 Anastomotisches Aneurysma, aneurism by 
 anastomosis, s. Anevrisme. 
 
 Anatom, anatomist, Anatomiste. 
 
 Anatomic, anatomy, Anatomic. 
 
 Anatomisch, anatomical, Anatomique. 
 
 Anatomischer Schriftsteller, anthropogra- 
 pher, Anthropographe. 
 
 539 
 
 ANG 
 
 Anatripsie, f., friction, Anatripsie. 
 
 A natripsologie, anatripsology, A natripsolo- 
 
 gie. 
 
 Anatriptik, anatnptics, Anatriptique. 
 Anchove, Engraulis encrasichofus, Anchois. 
 Anchylosis, falsche, spurious anchylosis, s. 
 
 Ankylose. 
 
 Andorn, Marrubium, Marrube. 
 Andorn, schwarzer, Ballota nigra, 
 Andorn, weisser, Marrubium vulgare, 
 
 Andromanie, f., andromania, Andromanie. 
 Androphobie, f., androphoby, Androphobie. 
 Androtomie, f., androtomy, Androtomie. 
 Anemie, f., deficiency of blood, Anemic. 
 A nemographie, f., anemography , Anemogra- 
 
 phie. 
 
 4nemometer,m.,anemometer,Anemometre. 
 Anemone, Anemone, Anemone. 
 Anemonensubstanz, anemonine, Anemo- 
 
 nine. 
 
 Anesie, f., remission, Anesie. 
 Anetisch, adj., anetic, Anetique. 
 ^rae<A:raM<,n.,Anethumgraveolens, s. Anet. 
 Aneurysma, aneurism, Anevrisme. 
 Aneurysmatisch, aneurisnial, Aneurismal. 
 AneurysmatischeVenengeschwullst,aneu- 
 
 rismal varix, s. Ancvrysmc. 
 Aneurysmatischer Sack, aneurisnial sac, 
 Anfall, attack, Attaque. 
 Anfall einer Krankheit, att. of disease, 
 Anfullung, repletion, Anaplerose. 
 Anf iillung derGefasse,fulness of vessels, 
 Angeborn, adj., congenital, Conge'nital. 
 Angeborner Bruch, cong. hernia, s. Hernie. 
 Angehauft, aggregate, Agre'ge'. 
 Angelband, m., hook, Crochet. 
 Angelika, Angelica, Ange'lique. 
 Angelikwurzel, radix Angelicae, 
 Angelikwurzelextract, extract of , 
 Angelikwurzeltinctur, tincture of, 
 Angesicht, face, Face. 
 Angewachsen, adnate, Adne. 
 Angiektasie, dilatation of vessels, Angiec- 
 
 tasie. 
 
 Angiolog, angiologist, Angeiologiste. 
 Angiologie, angiology, Ange'iologie. 
 Anyiologisch, adj., angiological, Ange'iolo- 
 
 gique. 
 Angiorrhagie, active haemorrhage, Angei- 
 
 orrhagie. 
 
 Angiorrhoe, f., passive , Ange'iorrhe'e. 
 Angiospermie, i., Angiospermia, Angiosper- 
 
 mie. 
 Angiospermatisch, adj., angiospermous, An- 
 
 giosperme. 
 
 Angiotom, angiotomist, Angiotomiste. 
 Angiotomie, angiotomy, Angiotomie. 
 Angorische Ziege, Capra angor., s. Chevre. 
 Angriinzend, contiguous, Contigu. 
 Angrenzen, contiguity, Contiguite. 
 Angriff, attack, Attaque. 
 Angst, anxiety, Ademonie. 
 Angstcr,m., Ribes grossularia,s. Grosseillicr, 
 Anyurie, f-, water-melon, s. Courgc.
 
 ANT 
 
 Angurken, m., Cucumis sativ., *. Concombre, 
 
 Angustura, angustura-bark, Angusture. 
 
 Angusturaextract, extract of, 
 
 Angusturariiide, a'chte, genuine angustura 
 bark, 
 
 Angusturarinde,unachte oder falsche, spu- 
 rious , *. Brucie. 
 
 Anhaltend, adj., continued, Continent. 
 
 Anhaltendes Fieber, continued fever, 
 
 Anhang, appendage, Appendice. 
 
 Anh'dnge, pi., appendages, 
 
 Anh'dngend, adj., coherent, s. Cohesion. 
 
 Anhangsel, appendage, Appendice. 
 
 Anhaufung, accumulation, Collection. 
 
 Animaliscn, animal, Animal. 
 
 A nimalisches Nervensystem,nervous system 
 of animal life, 5. Animal. 
 
 Animebawn, m., Hymensea, s. Anime. 
 
 Animegummi, n., gum anime, 
 
 Animeharz, same, 
 
 Anis, m., Pimpinella anisum, Anis. 
 
 Anis, gemeiner, same, 
 
 Anisgeist, spirit of anise-seed, 
 
 Anishaltig, adj., anisated, 
 
 Anishaltiger Salmiakgeist, anisated spirit 
 of ammonia, 
 
 Anisknabenkraut, n., Orchis morio, s. Orchis. 
 
 Anisol, oil of anise-seed, s. Anis. 
 
 Anissamen, anise-seed, 
 
 Aniswasser, anise-water, 
 
 Anjovis, s. Anchove. 
 
 An'kerformig, anchor-shaped, Ancyroide. 
 
 Ankerwurz, f., root of Acorus calamus, s. 
 A core vrai. 
 
 Ankylose, f., s. Anchylosis. 
 
 Anlage, diathesis, Diathese. 
 
 Anlegung, application, Application. 
 
 Anneliden, pi., Annelida, Annelides. 
 
 Anomalie, anomaly, Anomalie. 
 
 Anomalisch, anomalous, Anomal. 
 
 Anonen-Familie, f., Anonaceae, Anones. 
 
 Anorexic, anorexy, Anorexie. 
 
 Ansammlung, , collection, Collection. 
 
 Ansatz, excrescence, Epiphyse. 
 
 Ansatzeines Beines.epipnysis of a bone, 
 
 Ansauger, m., Echeneis remora, s. Remora. 
 
 Anschnitt, notch, Echancrure. 
 
 Anschove, s. Anchove. 
 
 A nsehen, bleifarbenes, a livid look, s. Face. 
 
 Ametzen der Blutigel, application of leeches, 
 s. Application. 
 
 Ansprung, m., crusta lactea, s. Croufe. 
 
 Ansteckend, contagious, Contagieux. 
 
 Ansteckende Krankheiten, contagious dis- 
 eases, 
 
 Ansteckung, contagion, Contagion. 
 
 Ansteckungsstojf, in., matter of contagion or 
 infection, miasm, Miasme. 
 
 Anstehend, contiguous, Contigu. 
 
 Anstossen im Sprechen, stammering, Balbu- 
 tiement. 
 
 Antagonismus, antagonism, Antagonisme. 
 
 Antagonist, m., antagonist, Antagoniste. 
 
 Anthelix, anthelix, Anthelix. 
 
 Anthologie, anthology, Anthologie. 
 
 540 
 
 ANZ 
 
 Anthologisch, anthological, Anthologique. 
 Anthrakometer, anthracometer, Anthra- 
 
 cometre. 
 
 Anthrax, m., anthrax, Anthrax. 
 Anthropiatrik, human medicine, Anthro- 
 
 piatrique. 
 Anthropograph, anthropographer, Anthro- 
 
 pographe. 
 
 Anthropographie, anthropography, An- 
 thropograph ie. 
 Anthropographisch,anlhropographical,An- 
 
 thropographique. 
 Anthropometrie, anthropometry, Anthro- 
 
 pometrie. 
 Anthropometrisch, anthropometrical, An- 
 
 thropom^trique. 
 Anthroponosolog, anthroponosologist, An- 
 
 throponosologiste. 
 Anthroponosologie, anthroponosology, An- 
 
 throponosologie. 
 Anthroponosologisch,anthroponosological, 
 
 Anthroponosologique. 
 Anthropophagie, anthropophagy, Anthro- 
 
 pophagie. 
 Anthroposophie, science of man, Anthro- 
 
 ]>osophie. 
 Anthropotom, anthropotomist, Anthropo- 
 
 tomiste. 
 Anthropotomie, anthropotomy, Anthro- 
 
 potomie. 
 Anthropotomisch, anthropotomical, An- 
 
 t hropotomiqu e. 
 Antidot, antidote, Antidote. 
 Antikachektisch, anti-cachectic, Anti-ca- 
 
 chectique. 
 
 Antilope, Antilope, Antilope. 
 Antimon, antimony, Antimoine. 
 Antimonialisch, adj., antimonial, 
 Antimonialische Afittel, antimonials, 
 Antimonium, n., antimony, Antimoine. 
 Antimonoxyd, oxyde of antimony, 
 Antimonoxyd, Antimonoxydul, salxsaurcs, 
 
 chloride of antimony, s. Beurre. 
 Antipathie, aversion, Antipathic. 
 Antipathisch, antipathetic, Antipathique. 
 Antiscorbutisch, adj., anti-scorbutic, Anti- 
 
 scorbutique. 
 
 Antiscorbutische Mittel, anti-scorbutics, 
 Antiseptisch, anti-septic, Antiseptique. 
 Antisyphilitisch, antisyphilitic, Anti-Sy- 
 
 philitique. 
 Antlitz, face, Face. 
 
 Antlitzbluladem, pi., facial veins, s. Facial 
 Antlitzdrusen, pi., facial glands, 
 Antlitznerv, facial nerve, 
 Antlitzschlagader, dussere, external facial 
 
 artery, 
 
 Antlitzschl. queere, transverse facial arte- 
 ry, s. Transversal. 
 Anus, m., anus, Anus. 
 Anwuchs, excrescence, Epiphyse. 
 Anzeige, indication, Indication. 
 Anzeigend, adj., indicative, s. Indication. 
 Anzeigung, indication, Indication. 
 Anziehen, n., adduction, Adduction.
 
 APO 
 
 Anziehend^ adj., adductor, Adducteur. 
 Anziehende Mitiel, pL, attrahent remedies, 
 
 s. Attractif. 
 Anziehende, Muskeln, Anziehmuskeln,pl., 
 
 adductor muscles, s. Adductor. 
 Anzieher, n., adductor, Adducteur. 
 Anziehung, adduction, Adduction. 
 Aorta, Aorte, aorta, Aorte. 
 Aorte, absteigende, descending aorta, 
 Aorte, aufsteigende, ascending aorta, 
 Aortenbogen, m., aortic arch, s. Arc. 
 Aortenentziindung, aortitis, Aortite. 
 Aortengeflecht, n., aortic plexus. 
 Aortenherz, m., aortic heart, s. Cceur. 
 Aorlenherzkammer, m., aortic ventricle, & 
 
 Aorte. 
 
 Aortenschlitz, m., hiatus aorticus, 
 Aortensystem, n., aortic system, 
 Aortenventrikel, m., aortic ventricle, 
 Aortenweitung, aortic aneurism, Aorte v- 
 
 risme. 
 
 Aortenwurxel, f., root of aorta, s. Bulbe. 
 Aortenzwiebel, f., bulb of , 
 Aortisch, adj., aortic, Aortique. 
 Apanthropie, f., apanthropy, Apanthropie. 
 Apanthropisch, adj., apanthropic, Apan- 
 
 thropique. 
 
 Apathie, apathy, Apatbie. 
 Apathisch, apathetic, Apathique. 
 Apenbeere, f., Empetrum nigr., s. Camarine. 
 Apepsie, indigestion, Apepsie. 
 Apeptisch, adj., apeptic, Apeptique. 
 Apfel, Aepfel, pi., pomum, poma, Pomme. 
 Apfelbaum, Pyrus mains, Pommier. 
 Apfelbein, n., malar bone, s. Malalre. 
 Apfelrose, f., Rosa rubiginosa, s. Rose. 
 Aphagie, aphagia, Aphagie. 
 Aphonie, aphonia, Aphonie. 
 Aphorism, aphorism, Aphorisme. 
 Aphoristisch, aphoristic, Aphoristique. 
 Aphrosyne, f., loss of reason, Aphrosyne. 
 Aph the, Aphthen, aphtha, aphthae,Aph the. 
 Aphthenfieber, n., aphthous fever, 
 Apocaiharsie, f., complete expurgation, A- 
 
 pocatharsie. 
 
 Apocenose, f., evacuation, Apocenose. 
 Apophyse, process, Apophyse. 
 Apoplektisch, apoplectic, Apoplectique. 
 Apoplexie, apoplexy, Apoplexie. 
 Apostem, imposthume, Aposteme. 
 Apostemkraut, n., Scabiosa arvensis, s. Sea- 
 
 bieuse. 
 Apostemrohrlein, n., Leontodon taraxacum, 
 
 s. Pissenlit. 
 Apotheke, apothecary's shop, Apothicaire- 
 
 rie. 
 
 Apotheker, apothecary, Apothicaire. 
 Apothekerbuch, n., dispensatory, Dispen- 
 
 saire. 
 
 Apothekergras, n., T. repens, s. Froment. 
 Apothekerkunst, pharmacy, Pharmacie. 
 Apothekerschirling, m., Cicuta virosa, s. Ci- 
 
 cutaire. 
 Apothekerschwam.nl) m,, Spongia officinalis, 
 
 5. Eponge. 
 
 541 
 
 ARM 
 
 Apothekerwaare, drug, Drogue. 
 Apotherapie, apotherapia, Apothe'rapie. 
 Apparatus, m., apparatus, Appareil. 
 Appenbeere, *. Apenbeere. 
 Appetit, m., appetite, App^tit. 
 Appetit krankhafter, morbid appetite, 
 Appetit, mangelnder, defective appetite, 
 
 Anorexic. 
 
 Appetitlosigkeit, loss of appetite, 
 Aprikose, apricot, Abricot. 
 Aprikosenbaum, Prunus armcniaca, 
 Aprilblume, f., A. nemorosa, s. Anemone. 
 Aprilmuschel, m., Ostrea varia, s. Huitre. 
 Apsycliie, apsychia, Apsychie. 
 Apyrexie, apyrexia, Apyrexie. 
 Aquavit, m., brandy, Eau-de-vie. 
 Arabischer Kaffee, CofFaea arabica, s. Cafter. 
 Arabischer Weihrauch, olibanum, Oliban. 
 Arabisches Gummi, gum-arabic, Acacia. 
 Arachnidi'n, pL, Aracnnida, s. Araignee. 
 Arbe, f., Pinus cembra, s. Pin. 
 Arbeitsameise, f., working-ant, s. Fourmi. 
 Arbeitsbiene, f., working-bee, s. Abeille. 
 Arbuse, f., Cucurbita citrullus, s. Caurge. 
 Arcade, f., arch, Arcade. 
 Arcanum, n., arcanum, Arcane. 
 Arc'riusl>als<tm,m.,Arcxus > balsam,s.Z?fljt'. 
 Arche Noah, Area Nose, s. Arche. 
 Archenmuschel, m., Area, Arche. 
 Arcorrhagie, f., active haemorrhage from 
 
 rectum, Arcorrhagie. 
 Arcorrhoe, , passive , Arcorrhee. 
 Arekapalme, Areca, Arec. 
 Argemonro&lein, n., Papaver argemone, s. 
 
 Pavot. 
 
 .4m/ofocAien,pl.,Aristolocbiae,Aristoloches. 
 Arlsbeere, f., Pyrus torminalis, s. Poirier. 
 Arm, m., arm, Bras. 
 Armbad, n., Armb'dder, pi., arm-bath, arm- 
 
 baths, s. Bain. 
 
 Armband, epicarpium, Epicarpe. 
 Armband, n., Armbdnder, pi., brachial liga- 
 
 ments, s. Brachial. 
 Armbein, humerus, Humerus. 
 
 Armedill, m., Tormentilla, Tormentille. 
 Armenansta.lt, f., asylum for the poor ; 
 Armenhaus, n., poor-house, s. Hopital. 
 Armformig, arm-like, brachiated, Brachie'. 
 Armgeflecht,r\., brachial plexus, s. Brachial. 
 Armgeschwullst, brachial s welling, Brachi- 
 
 oncose. 
 
 Armhohle, f., arm-pit, Aisselle. 
 Armmuskel, dreieckiger, Deltoides, Del- 
 
 toide. 
 Armmuskel, dreikb'pfiger, Triceps brachii, 
 
 Triceps. 
 Armmuskel, innerer, Brachialis internus, 
 
 s. Brachial. 
 Armmuskel runder, grosser, und kleiner, 
 
 Teres major, et minor, s. Rond. 
 Armmuskeln, pL, brachial muscles, s. Bra- 
 
 chial. 
 Armncrv, m., Armnerven, pi., brachial 
 
 nerve, nerves,
 
 ART 
 
 Armpolyp, m., brachiated polype, s. Polype. 
 Armschiene, f., radius, Radius. 
 Armschlagader, brachial artery ,s. Brathial. 
 Armschlinge, f., arm-sling, Echarpe. 
 Armspindel, f., radius, Radius. 
 Arnik, f., Arnica, Arnique. 
 Aroma, n., aroma, Arome. 
 Aromatisch, aromatic, Aromatique. 
 Aromatische Mittel, aromatics, 
 Aron, m., Arum, Arum. 
 Aron, agyptischer, Calla ethiopica. s.Arum. 
 Aron, eirunder, A. ovatum, 
 Arongew'dchse, pi., Aroideae, Aro'ides. 
 Aronsbaum, A. arborescens, s. Arum. 
 Aronslab, s. Aron. 
 Aronswurz, Arum, Arum. 
 Aronswurz, fleckige, gemeine, A. maculat- 
 
 um, vulgare, s. Arum. 
 Aronswurz giftige, A. seguinum, 
 Arquebusade, f., vulnerary water, s. Vulne- 
 
 raire. 
 Arromehl, n., arrow-root, farina radicis Ma- 
 
 ranta? arundinacse, s. Farine. 
 Arschbacke,f.,Arschbacken,pl., buttock, but- 
 
 tocks, Fesse. 
 Arschkratzer, m., ani Scalptor, vel Latissi- 
 
 mus dorsi, s. Dorsal. 
 Arschkucke, f., A. pulsatilla, s. Anemone. 
 Arschloch, n., foramen podicis, Anus. 
 Arschmadef. ,Oxyuris vermicularis,O.ryre. 
 Arsenige Saure, arsenious acid,s. Arsenieux. 
 Arsenigsauer, adj., arsenious, 
 Arsenigsaure Salze, pi., arsenites, s. Arsenite. 
 Arsenigsaures Ammoniak, arsenite of am- 
 
 monia, 
 
 Arsenigsaures Kali, arsenite of potass, 
 Arsenigsaures Natron, arsenite of soda, 
 Arsenik, arsenic, Arsdnique. 
 Arscnikaliseh, arsenical, Arsenical. 
 Arsenikalsalze, pL, arsenical salts, 
 Arsenikblumen, pL, Arsenikalk, m., s. Arse- 
 
 nige Saure. 
 Arsenikhaltig, adj., arseniated, Arsenie*. 
 
 Arsenikmetall, s. Arsenik. 
 
 Arsenikoxyd, weisses, white oxyde of ar- 
 
 senic, s. Arsenic. 
 
 Arseniksaure, f., arsenic acid, s. Arsenique. 
 Arseniks'dure, unvolkommene, arsenious acid, 
 
 s. Arsenieux. 
 
 ArseniksaureSalze,Tpl.a.rsemztes,s,Arseniate. 
 Arseniksaures Kali, arseniate of potass, 
 Art, f., kind, species, Espece. 
 Arterie, artery, Artere. 
 Artenoftraphie, f., arteriography, Arterio- 
 
 graphie. 
 
 Arteriohffie, f., arteriology, Arteriologie. 
 Arteriotomie, arteriotomy, Arteriotomie . 
 Arterile, f., arteritis, Arterite. 
 Arthralgle, f., arthralgy, Arthralgie. 
 Arthritis, f, arthritis, Arthrite. 
 Arlhritisch, adj., arthritic, Arthritique. 
 Arthritisches Geschwiir, arthritic sore, 
 Arthrodie, f., arthrodia, Arthrodie. 
 Arthrokakie, caries of joints, Arthrocace. 
 
 542 
 
 ARZ 
 
 Articulation, f., articulation, Articulation. 
 Artificicl, adj., artificial, Artificiel. 
 Artikuliren, v., to articulate, Articuler. 
 Artikulirt, adj., articulated, Articule". 
 Artischocke, Cynara, Artichaut. 
 Artomel, n., cataplasm of bread and honey, 
 
 Artomel. 
 Arum, s. Aron. 
 Arzatwurze, f., Atropa mandragora, Man- 
 
 dragore. 
 
 Arzenei, Arznei, physic, Medecine. 
 Arznei bew'dhrte, a specific, s. Specifique. 
 Arznei gegen das Fieber, fever-medicine, s. 
 
 Anti-pyretique. 
 Arznei reinigende, purgative medicine, s. 
 
 Cqthartique. 
 Arznei schmerzstillende, anodyne medi- 
 
 cine, s. Anodyn. 
 
 Arznei wider Gift, antidote, Antidote. 
 Arznei wider Krampfe, an antispasmodic, 
 
 Anti-spasmodique. 
 Arznei wurmtodtende, anthelminthic me- 
 
 dicine, Anthelmintique. 
 Arzneibereiler, m., apothecary, A pothicaire. 
 Arzneibereitung,f., pharmacy, Pharmacie. 
 Arznei bereitungskunst, f., same, 
 Arzneibuch, dispensatory, Dispensaire. 
 Arzneien, pi., medicines, s. Arznei. 
 Arzneien, to physic, take physic, 
 Arzneigelahrtheit, gerichtliche, forensic 
 
 medicine, s. Medecine. 
 Arzneitjelehrsamkeit, f., medicine, 
 Arzneihugel, f., bolus, Bol. 
 Arzneikunde, medicine, Me'decine. 
 Arzneiladen, m., apothecary's shop, Apo- 
 
 thicairerie. 
 Arzneimittel, medicinal remedy, Me'dica- 
 
 ment. 
 Arzneimittellehre, pharmacology, Pharm- 
 
 acologie. 
 
 Arzneitrank, medicinal potion, Potion. 
 Arzneiverkaufer, druggist,*. Matiere. 
 Arzneiverschreibung, f., medical prescrip- 
 
 tion, s. Ordonnance. 
 Arzneiverzeichniss, n., dispensatory, Dis- 
 
 pensaire. 
 Arzneiwissenschaft, medical science, Me- 
 
 decine. 
 Arzneiwissenschaft, gerichtliche, forensic 
 
 medicine, 
 Arzneiwissenschaft, griindliche, oder theo- 
 
 retische, theoretical medicine, 
 Arzney- oder Arzneikastchen, druggery, 
 
 Droguier. 
 Arzney kiste, medicine-chest, s. Medicamen- 
 
 teux. 
 
 Arzneykr'dftig, adj., medicinal, Medicinal. 
 Arzneypflanzen, pi., medicinal plants, s 
 
 Medicamen teux. 
 Arzt, physician, latre. 
 Arzt, chemischer, iatrochemist, s. latro- 
 
 chimique. 
 
 Arztfingcr, m., ring-finger, s. Annulaire. 
 Arzlgebiihr, f, -lohn, m., physician's lee.
 
 ATH 
 
 Arztin, female physician, latrine. 
 Asa stinkende, assafoetida, Assafoetida. 
 Asand, m., Ferula, Fe'rule. 
 Asand stinkender, F. assa-foetida, 
 Asarkie, f., loss of flesh, Asarcie. 
 Asarwurz, f., Asarum europceum, s. Asaret. 
 Asch, Asche, f., Salmo thymalus, s. Saumon. 
 Aschbaum, m., Fraxinus, Frene. 
 Aschblei, n., bismuth, Bismuth. 
 Asche, ashes, Cendre. 
 Aschenflockenblume, f., Centaurea, Centau- 
 
 re'e. 
 
 .4.';cA/ar%,Aschgrau,ash-coloured,Cendre. 
 Aschgraue Quecksilbersalbe, quicksilver 
 
 ointment, s. Mercure. 
 Aschgraues Quecksilberoxyd, grey oxyde 
 
 of quicksilver, 
 
 Aschicht, Aschiff, adj., ashy, Cendre'. 
 4schlauch,m., Allium ascalonium,Echalote. 
 Ascites, f., ascites, Ascite. 
 Asiatischer Elephant, Elephas asiaticus, s. 
 
 Elephant. 
 
 Asitie, f., deficiency of food, Asitie. 
 Askaride, f., Askariden, pi., Ascaris, Ascar- 
 
 ides, s, Ascaride. 
 Aspargen, Asparagus, Asperge. 
 Aspe, f., Aspenbaum, m., Populus tremula, 
 
 s. Peuplier. 
 
 Aspermie, f., absence of seed. 
 Asphalt, asphaltum, Asphalte. 
 Asphalfol, n., oil of asphaltum, 
 Asphyktisch, asphyxiated, Asphyxie. 
 Asphyxie, f., asphyxia, Asphyxie. 
 Ast, branch, Branche. 
 Astbldtter, pi., branch-leaves, 
 Asterie, f., Asterias, Asterie. 
 Asthenie, asthenia, Asthe'nie. 
 Asthma, asthma, Asthme. 
 Asthmatisch, asthmatic, Asthmatique. 
 Astragalwurzel, f., radix astragali, s. 
 Astrayel, m., Astragalus, Astragale. 
 Astranz, m., Imperatoria, Imperatoire. 
 Astrolog, astrologer, Astrologue. 
 Astrologie, astrologie, Astrologie. 
 AstroJoffisch, adj., astrological, Astrologique. 
 Astronom, m., astronomer, Astronome. 
 Astronomic, f., astronomy, Astronomic. 
 Ataxie, f., ataxy, Ataxie. 
 Atfchnie, f., defect of offspring, Atechnie. 
 Athem, respiration, Respiration. 
 Athem, leichter, free respiration, Eupne'e. 
 Athem, schwerer, dyspnoea, Dyspne'e. 
 A them,stinkender, offensive breath, s. Fetide. 
 Athembar, adj.,respirable, Respirable. 
 A thembarkeit,f.,respirability, Respirabilite. 
 Athenwn, Athmen, v., to respire, 
 Athemhohlen, respiration, Respiration. 
 Athemlos, adj., breathless, Anheleux. 
 Athemzapflein, s. Athemziinglein. 
 Athemzug, m., respiration, Respiration. 
 Athemzunglein, n., epiglottis, Epiglotte. 
 Athermennlg, m., Agrimonia, Aigremoine. 
 Atheroma, n., atheroma, Atherome. 
 A thmungswerkzeuge, pi., respiratory organs, 
 s. Respiration. 
 
 543 
 
 AUF 
 
 Atlas, atlas, Atlas. 
 
 Atlasbeere, f., Pyrus torminalis, s. Poirier. 
 
 Atmid&meter, m., atmidometer, Atmidome- 
 
 tre. 
 
 Atmosphare, atmosphere, Atmosphere. 
 Atmospharisch, atmospheric, Atmosph^- 
 
 rique. 
 
 Atmospharische Erscheinung, atmospheri- 
 cal phenomenon, 
 Atmosphiirologie, atmospherology, Atmos- 
 
 pherologie. 
 
 Atorie, f., sterility, Atocie. 
 Atom, atom, Atome. 
 Atomisch, Atomistisch, atomic, Atomique. 
 Atonie, atony, Atonic. 
 Atonisch, atonic, Atonique. 
 Atonische Beschaffenheit, atonic state, 
 Atonlsches Geschwtir, atonic sore, 
 Atresie, f., imperforation, Atre'sie. 
 Atrophie, atrophy, Atrophie. 
 Atrophisch, adj., atrophied, Atrophie'. 
 Atropine, f., Atropium, n., atropine, s. Bel- 
 
 ladonne. 
 
 Alter, f., Vipera communis, s. Vipere. 
 Atypie,f., irregularity, s. Atypique. 
 Atypisch, atypical, 
 Auerhahn, m., Tetrao urogallus. 
 Auerochs, m., Bos urus, s. Bceuf. 
 Aufbl'dhen des Leibes, meteorism, s. 
 Aufbidhung, f., meteorism, Meteorisme. 
 Aufblahungen, pi., Efflorescentise, Ele- 
 
 vures. 
 
 Aufbliihen, flowering, Efflorescence. 
 Auf brausen, effervescence, Effervescence. 
 Aufbrausend, effervescent, Effervescent. 
 Aufbrechen einer Knospe, exgemmation. 
 Aufgeblasen, adj., inflated, s. Enflure. 
 Aufgegossen, adj., infused, s. Infusion. 
 Aufgegossene Oele, pi., infused oils, 
 Aufgerollt, adj., obvolute, Obvolute. 
 Aufgeschwellung, tumefaction, Tumefac- 
 tion. 
 
 Aufgeschwollen, adj., tumefied, 
 Aufcuss, affusion, Enchyme. 
 Aufguss, infusion, Infusion. 
 Aufijussthierchen, pi., Infusoria, Infusoires. 
 
 Aufhangeband, suspensory ligament, s. 
 Suspensoire. 
 
 Aufhangeb. der Leber, suspensory ligam- 
 ent of the liver, 
 
 Aufhangeb. der Milz, of the spleen, 
 
 Aufhangeb. der Ruthe, of the penis, 
 
 Aufh'dufung, f., s. Anhaufung. 
 
 Auf heber, levator, Releveur. 
 
 Aufheber des Ohrs, Attollens auriculae, s. 
 Elevateur. 
 
 Aujhebermuskeln, pi., levator muscles, 
 
 Aufkochen, ebullition, Ebullition. 
 
 Aiifiiegend, adj., incumbent, Incumbant. 
 
 Auflb'sbar, soluble, Soluble. 
 
 Auflosbarkeit, solubility, Solubilite. 
 
 Auflosen, v., to dissolve, s. Dissolution. 
 
 Aufiosend, aperitive, Ecphractique. 
 
 Auflosende Mittel, pi., aperient remedies, 
 
 Aufloslich, s- Auflosbar.
 
 AUG 
 
 Aufloslichkeit, s. AuHosbarkeit. 
 
 Auflb'sung, dissolution, Dissolution. 
 
 AuHosungsmittel, menstruum, Menstrue. 
 
 Auf passer, m., Carabus inquisitor, s. Cara- 
 biens. 
 
 Aufplatzend, adj., dehiscent, Dehiscent. 
 
 Aufrechtstehend,adj., standing erect,Dresse . 
 
 Aufreiben, attrition, Attrition. 
 
 Aufreissend, adj., s. Aufplatzend. 
 
 Aufrichler, m., erector muscle, Erecteur. 
 
 Aufscharfung der Haut, excoriation, Ex- 
 coriation. 
 
 Aufschnitt, m., cleft, Incisure. 
 
 Aufschwellen, n., Aufschwellung, tume- 
 faction, Tumefaction. 
 
 Aufsieden, s. Auf kochen. 
 
 Aufspringend, adj., s. Aufplatzend. 
 
 Aufsprossen, v., to shoot out, s. Bourgeon. 
 
 Aufsprossling, m., a shoot, or sprout, 
 
 Aufsteigen der Mutter, suffocatio uterina,*. 
 Suffocation. 
 
 Aufsteigende Aorte, s. Aorte. 
 
 Aufsteigender Bauchmuskel, Obliquus as- 
 ceudens abdominis, s. Oblique. 
 
 Aufsteigender Halsmuskel, m.,Cervicalis as- 
 cendens vel descendens, s. Cervical. 
 
 Aufstossen, Aufstossen des Magens, eruc- 
 tation, from the stomach, Eructation. 
 
 Aufstossen, saures, acid , Oxyregmie. 
 
 Aufwallung, f., orgasm, Orgasme. 
 
 Aufw'drtsgekr&mmt, adj., bent upwards. 
 
 Aufzieher, m., s. Anzieher. 
 
 Augapfel, Augapfel, pL, eye-ball, -balls, s. 
 Globe. 
 
 Augapfelentziindung, inflammation of the 
 eye-ball, Ophthalmite. 
 
 Auge, Augen, pi., eye, eyes, Oeil. 
 
 Auge blaues, blue or black eye, Hypo- 
 sphagme. 
 
 Auge doppeltes, bandage for both eyes, Bi- 
 nocle. 
 
 Auge einfaches, for one eye, Monocle. 
 
 Auge in Gewachsen,youngbud,s.BoMr(/eora. 
 
 Auge kleines, eyelet, Ocelle. 
 
 Augenabscess, m., abscess of eye, s. Abces. 
 
 Augenader, f., Augenadern, pi., ophthalmic 
 vein, veins, s. Ophthalmique. 
 
 Augenapfellahmung, paralysis of the mus- 
 cles of , Ophthalmoplegie. 
 
 Augenapfelvorfall, prolapsus of , Oph- 
 tnalmoptose. 
 
 Augenarterie, ophthalmic artery, s. Oph- 
 thalmique. 
 
 Augenarzenei, f., collyrium, Collyre. 
 
 Augenarzt, oculist, Oculiste. 
 
 Augenarztin, f., female oculist, 
 
 Augenbady n., eye-bath, s. Bain. 
 
 Augenbecken, eye-basin, s. Bassin. 
 
 Augenbeschreibung, ophthalmography, 
 Ophthalmographie. 
 
 Augenbewegender Nerv, m., nervus oculo- 
 motorius, s. Nerf. 
 
 Augenbhitadern, pi., s. Augenadern. 
 
 Augenblutftuss, m., ophthalmorrhage, Oph- 
 thalmorrhagie. 
 
 544 
 
 AUG 
 
 Augenbluthe, f., Anagallis arv., s. Mow-on. 
 
 Augenbogen, m., iris of the eye, Iris. 
 
 Augenbraue, Augenbrauen, pi., s. Augen- 
 braune. 
 
 Augenbrauenrunzler, Corrugator super- 
 cilii, s. Sourdlier. 
 
 Augenbraune, Augenbraunen, pL, eye- 
 brow, eye-brows, Sourcil. 
 
 Augenbraunenbogen, bdgen, pi., superci- 
 liary arch, arches, s. Sourcilier. 
 
 Augenbraungegend,f.,sui)erci\iary region, 
 
 Augenbruch, ophthalmocele, Ophthalmo- 
 cele. 
 
 Augenbutter, m., secretion of the Meibo- 
 mian glands, s. Palpebral. 
 
 Augendeckel, m., eye-preserver. 
 
 Augendienst, m., s. Augentrost. 
 
 Augendouche, f., affusion of the eye with a 
 stream of water, s. Douche. 
 
 Augeneiterung, f., suppuration of the eye, 
 s. Augenabscess. 
 
 Augenentziindung, ophthalmy, ophthal- 
 mitis, Ophthalmic, Ophthalmite. 
 
 Augenfell, n., pterygium, Onglet. 
 
 Augenfelliflugelformiges, same, Ptdrygion. 
 
 Augenfell weisses, s. Augenfleck. 
 
 Augenfeuchtigkeit, glaserne, vitreous hu- 
 mour of the eye, s. Humeur. 
 
 Augenfeuchtig. krystalline, crystal. , 
 
 Augen feuchtig. wasserige, aqueous , 
 
 Augenfisch, m., Blennius superciliaris, s, 
 Sourcilieux. 
 
 Augenfleck weisser, albugo, Albugo. 
 
 Augenfluss, ophthalmorrhcea, Ophthal- 
 morrhe'e. 
 
 Augengeschwullst, tumefaction of the eye, 
 Ophthalmoncie. 
 
 Augenhalter, ophthalmostate, Ophthal- 
 mostate. 
 
 Augenhaut, f., Augenh'dute, pi., membrane, 
 membranes of the eye, s. Oeil. 
 
 Augenhaut, ungenannte, sclerotic mem- 
 brane , s. Innomine. 
 
 Augenhautchen, angewachsenes, conjunc- 
 tiva oculi, Conjonctive. 
 
 Augenhautchen weisses, tunica albuginea 
 oculi, s. Albugine. 
 
 Augenheilkunde, ophthalmic medicine, 
 Ophthalmiatrie. 
 
 AugeDheraustreten, protrusion of the eye, 
 Ecpiesme. 
 
 Augenhohle, orbit of the eye, Orbite. 
 
 Augenhb'hlen, pi., orbits, 
 
 Augenhohlenloch, vorderes und hinteres, 
 ant. and post, orbitar hole, *. Orbitaire. 
 
 Augenhohlenlocher, innere, internal orbit- 
 ary foramina, 
 
 Augenhohlennerv, orbitar nerve, 
 
 Augenhohlenschlagader, orbitar artery, 
 
 Augenhohlentheil, orbitar portion of fron- 
 tal bone, 
 
 Augenkammer.Augenkammern, pi., cham- 
 ber , chambers of eye, s. Chambre. 
 
 Augenkammer,vordere und hintere, ante- 
 nor and posterior chamber ,
 
 AUG 
 
 Augenknoten, ophthalmic ganglion, s.Oph- 
 
 thalmique. 
 
 Augenkrankenanstalt, eye-infirmary, 
 Augenkrankheit, Augenkrankheiten, pi., 
 
 ophthalmic disease, diseases, 
 Augenkrankheitslehre, ophthalmonosolo- 
 
 gy, Ophthalmonosologie. 
 Augenkratzer, eye-scarificator, Ophthal- 
 
 moxystre. 
 
 Augenkraut, n., Paris quadr., s. Parisette. 
 Augenkrebs, cancer of the eye, Ophthal- 
 
 mocarcinome. 
 
 Auc/enkreis, m., s. Augenhohle. 
 Augenlehre, ophthalmology, Ophthalmo- 
 
 logie. 
 
 Augenleiden, n., s. Augenkrankheit. 
 Augenlid, Augenlied, Augenlider, Augen- 
 
 lieder, pi., eye-lid, -lids, Paupiere. 
 Augenlied, dritles oder inneres, third or int- 
 ernal eye-lid, s. Clignotant. 
 Augenlied, oberes, und unteres, superior 
 
 and inferior , Paupiere. 
 Augeriliedband, Augenliedbander, pi., pal- 
 
 pebral ligament, [\gaments,s. Palpebral. 
 Angenliedbogen, m., arcus palpebralis, 
 Augenlieddrv.se, f., Augenlieddrusen, pi., pal- 
 
 pebral glands, 
 
 Augenlieddriisenentzundung, f., inflamma- 
 tion of , 
 Augenliederentziindung, inflammation of 
 
 the eyelids, Blepharite. 
 Augenliedergeschwulst, swelling of , 
 
 Ble'pharoncose. 
 
 Augenliederkrampf, m., spasm of , 
 Augenliedero'dem, cedema of , Ble"phar- 
 
 oedeme. 
 
 Augenliederschlaffung, f., relaxation of , 
 Augenliederschleimtiuss, puriform dis- 
 charge from , Blepharophthalmie. 
 Augemiedertripper, gonorrhoeal blephar- 
 
 ophthalmy, 
 Augenliedervorfall, m-, falling-down of the 
 
 superior eyelid, Ble"pharoptose. 
 Augenliederxiisammenwachsunff, f., adhesion 
 
 of eyelids, Ankyloblepharon. 
 Augenliedhaare, n. pi., s. Augenwimpern. 
 Augenliedknorpel, Augenliedknorpeln.pl., 
 
 tarsal cartilages, *. Tarse. 
 Augenliedlahmung, f., paralysis of the eye- 
 lid, Blepharoplegie. 
 Augenliednerv, -nerven, pi., palpebral 
 
 nerve, nerves, s. Palpebral. 
 Angenliedrand, m., Augenliedrdnder, pi., 
 
 margin , margins of eye-lids, 
 Augenliedschlagader, Augenliedschlagad- 
 
 ern, pi., palpebral artery, arteries, 
 Augenliedschlagader, obere und untere, 
 
 superior and inferior , 
 Augenliedschliesser, Orbicularis palpebra- 
 
 rum, 
 Augenliedsumkehrung, ectropium, Ectro- 
 
 pion. 
 
 Aiigenliedvene,?., palpebr.vein, s.Palpibral. 
 Augenmesser, ophthalmometer, Ophthal- 
 
 mometre. 
 
 545 
 
 AUS 
 
 Augenmittel, pi., ophthalmic remedies, *. 
 Ophllialmique. 
 
 Augenmittellehre, f., doctrine of , 
 
 Augenmuskel, m., muscle of the eye, 
 
 Augenmuskel, abziehender, abductor mus- 
 cle , s. Abducteur. 
 
 Augenmuskel, anziehender, adductor mus- 
 cle , s. Adducteur. 
 
 Augenmuskel, hinunterziehende, depress- 
 or muscle , s. Abaisseur. 
 
 Augenmuskeln gerade, pi., straight mus- 
 cles of , s. Droit. 
 
 Augenmuskelnerv, ausserer, nervus oculo- 
 muscul. externus, s. Nerf. 
 
 Augenmuskelnerv, gemeinschaftlicher, 
 nervus oculomotorius, 
 
 Augenmuskelnerv, oberer, nervus pathet- 
 icus, 
 
 Augenmuskelschlagadem, pi., arteriae mus- 
 culares oculi, s. Musculaire. 
 
 Augennerv, ophthalmic nerve, s. Ophthal- 
 mique. 
 
 Augenrinff, m., s. Augenbogen. 
 
 Augensalbe, f., eye-salve, s. Ophthalmique. 
 
 Augenschlagader, f., s. Augenarterie. 
 
 Augenschleimfluss.ophthalmoblennorrhce- 
 a, Ophthalmoblenorrhe'e. 
 
 Augenschmerz, ophthalmodynia, Oph- 
 thalmodynie. 
 
 Augenschwamm, m., Spongia oculata, s. 
 Eponge. 
 
 Augenschwarz, n., pigmentum nigrum oc- 
 uli, Pigmentum, ou Vernis, noir. 
 
 Augenspalle, f., fissure of the eye-lids, .1. 
 Paupiere. 
 
 Augenspiegel, m., spec, oculi, s. Speculum. 
 
 Augenslein, weisser, white vitriol, *. Vitriol. 
 
 Augenstern, m., pupil of the eye, Pupille. 
 
 Augensternerweiterung, f., dilatation of , 
 
 Augentheriak, m., s. Augenwurzel. 
 
 Augentrockenheit, f., xerophthalmia, Xe'r- 
 ophthalmie. 
 
 Augentrost, Euphrasia, Euphraise. 
 
 Augenvorfall,exophthalmy,Exophthalmie 
 
 Augenwasser, n., liquid collyrium,s. Collyre. 
 
 Augenweh, n., s. Augenkrankheit. 
 
 Augenwimper, -wimpern, pi., eye-lash, 
 -lashes, Cil. 
 
 Augenwimpernausfallen, s. Ausfallen. 
 
 Augenwinkel, angle of the eye, s. Angle. 
 
 Augenwinkel, ausserer und innerer, exter- 
 nal and internal angle , s.Canthe. 
 
 Augenwinkelgeschwulst, f., s. Enkanthis. 
 
 Augenwinkelgeschwiir, ulceration in the 
 great angle , ^Egilops. 
 
 Aitgemeum;el,., Valeriana offic.,s. Valiriane. 
 
 Augenzahn, -zahne, pi., eye-tooth, -teeth, 
 s. Oeilliere. 
 
 Augsiein, m., s. Bernstein. 
 
 Augustbilz, m., Boletus luteus, s. Bolet. 
 
 Auyusthafer, m., Avena sativa, s. Avoine. 
 
 Augustnuss, f., Corylus avell., Noisettier. 
 
 Augustpjlaumt) f., P. insititia, s. Prunier. 
 
 Auripigment, n., orpiment, Orpiment. 
 
 Ausarbeitung, elaboration, Elaboration. 
 
 2M
 
 AUS 
 
 Ausart, f., aberration, Aberration. 
 Ausarten, to degenerate, Abatardir. 
 Ausartung,degeneration,Abatardissement. 
 Ausathmen, s. Ekpnoe. 
 Ausathmung, expiration, Expiration. 
 Ausbrechend, eruptive, Eruptif. 
 Ausbreitung, f., s. Ausdehnung. 
 Ausbruch, m., s. Ausschlag. 
 Ausbruten, v., to hatch, s. 
 Ausbriitung, incubation, Incubation. 
 Auscultation, f., auscultation, Auscultation. 
 Ausdampfen, v., s. Ausdiinsten. 
 Ausd'dmpfende Gefdsse, exhaling vessels,.?. 
 
 Exhalant. 
 
 Ausdampfung, f., s. Ausdiinstung. 
 Ausdehnbar, adj., extensible, .s. 
 Ausdehnbarkeit, extensibility, Extensibi- 
 
 lite-. 
 
 Ausdehnsam, expansible, Expansible. 
 Ausdehnsamkeit, expansibility, Expansi- 
 
 bilitd. 
 
 Ausdehnung, extension, Extension. 
 Ausdehnung des Herzens, diastole of the 
 
 heart, s. Diastole. 
 Ausdunstbar, adj., evaporable, . 
 Ausdunsten, Ausdiinsten, v., to evaporate, 
 
 exhale, Evaporer. 
 
 Ausdiinstung, Ausdiinstungen, pi., evapo- 
 ration, transpiration, Evaporation. 
 Ausdiinst. verhinderte oder unterdriickte, 
 
 obstructed or suppressed perspiration, 
 Auseinanderfahrend,divergent,Divergent. 
 Auseinandergebreitet, adj., s. Ausgebreitet. 
 Auseinanderlaufen, diverg., Divergence. 
 Auseinanderlaufend,s.Auseinanderfahrend 
 Ausfall, m., fall, Chute, Descente. 
 Ausfall der Geb'drmutter, prolapsus uteri, 
 
 Hysteroptose. 
 
 Ausfallen, n., shedding, Chute. 
 Ausfallen der Augenbraunen, shedding of 
 
 the eye-brows, 
 Ausfallen der Augenwimpern, of the 
 
 eye-lashes, Ptilose. 
 Ausfallen der Haare, of the hair. 
 Ausfluss, flux, Ecoulement. 
 Ausforschung, exploration, Exploration. 
 Ausfuhrend, excretory, Excre'teur. 
 Ausfuhrende Gefdsse, excretory vessels, 
 Ausfiihrgang, m., excretory duct, 
 Ausfuhrgang der grossen Magendriise, ex- 
 
 cret. duct of pancreas, s. Pancreas. 
 Ausfiihrung, s. Ausleerung. 
 Ausgang, m., egress, outlet, Issue. 
 Ausgebreitet, diffuse, diffused, Diffus. 
 Ausgebreitetes Aneury sma, diffused Aneu- 
 rism, s. Anevrisme. 
 
 Ausgefressen, adj., corroded, s. Corrosion. 
 Ausgehohlt, adj., excavated, s. Excavation. 
 AusgeleseneManna,picke<\mai'ma,s.~Mannc. 
 Ausgeprest, adj., expressed, s. Expression. 
 Ausgepreste Krauters'dfte, pi., expressed 
 
 juices of plants, s. Ecpiesme. 
 Ausgepreste Oele, expressed oils, s. Huile. 
 Ausger'dndert, Ausgeschnit/en, adj., emargi- 
 
 nate, Emargine'. 
 
 546 
 
 AUS 
 
 Ausgetreten, extravasated, Extravase. 
 Ausgetretenes Blut, extravasated blood, 
 Ausgezackt, adj., crenated, Crene'. 
 Ausgiessung, effusion, Effusion. 
 Ausguss, m., same, 
 Aushauen, s. Ausschneiden. 
 Ausheimisch, adj., s. Auslandisch. 
 Auskernen, v., to enucleate, *. 
 Auskernung, f., enucleation, Enucle'ation. 
 Auslandisch, exotic, Exotique. 
 Ausleerende Mittel, evacuant remedies, s. 
 Ausleerung, evacuation, Evacuation. 
 Ausloschung, extinction, Extinction. 
 Auslosemesser, excisor-knife, Eccopeus. 
 Auspressen, expression, Expression. 
 Ausr'duchern, n., s. Berauchern. 
 Ausreinigend, eccathartic, Eccathartique. 
 Ausreissen der Polypen, extirpation 01 po- 
 
 lypi, s. Extirpation. 
 Ausrenken, dislocation, Exarthreme. 
 Ausrottbar, adj., extirpable, s. 
 Ausrottung, extirpation, Extirpation. 
 Ausrottung der Hoden, extirpatio testis, 
 Ausrupfen der Haare, depilation, s. Ectil- 
 
 lotique. 
 
 Aussatz, leprosy, Le'pre. 
 Aussatz, griechischer, lepra Graecorum, 
 Aussatz, weisser, lepra alphos, 
 Aussatzig, adj., leprous, Le'preux. 
 Aussauger, m., s. Schmarotzerpflanze. 
 Aussch'dlen, v., to decorticate, a. 
 
 Ausschlag, eruption, Eruption. 
 
 Ausschl. der Haut, cutaneous eruption, 
 
 Awschlag kleienar tiger, furfuraceous erup- 
 
 tion, s. Furfurace. 
 Ausschlagenlehre, exanthematology, s. Ex- 
 
 antheme. 
 Ausschlagfieber, n., eruptive fever, s. Erup- 
 
 tive. 
 
 Ausschlagmtibe, f., S. scabiei, s. Sarcopte. 
 Ausschliessung, excision, Excision. 
 Ausschneiden, same, Eccope. 
 Ausschneidung, f., same, 
 Ausschnitt, notch, Echancrure. 
 Ausschwitzen, exsudation, Exsudation. 
 Aussehen Ubles, bad countenance, s. Face. 
 Ausseres s. Aeusseres Ohr. 
 Ausserste, extremity, Extremite. 
 Aussonderungslehre, eccrinology, Eccrin- 
 
 ologie. 
 
 Ausspannung, f., extension, Extension. 
 Ausspeien, Ausspeyen, exspuition, Exspu- 
 
 ition. 
 Aussprache, schwere, difficult enunciation, 
 
 Dysphonie. 
 
 Ausspritzung, ejaculation, Ejaculation. 
 Aussprossen, v., to sprout, 5. 
 Ausspr'6ssling,m., sprout or bud, Bourgeon. 
 Aussprossung, f., budding, Bourgeonne- 
 
 ment. 
 
 Ausspulung, f, gargling, Gargarisme. 
 Ausstopfen, obstruction, Emphraxie. 
 Ausstopfend, obstruent, Emphractique. 
 Ausstopfendes Mittel,an obstr. remedy,
 
 AUS 
 
 Ausstrecken, v., to extend, s. 
 Ausstreckende Muskeln, extensor mus- 
 
 cles, s. Extenseur. 
 
 Ausstreckerder Zeigefingers, Indicator, 
 Ausstreckmuskeln, pi., s. Ausstreckende. 
 Ausstreckung, f., extension, Extension. 
 Aussiissen, edulcoration, Edulcoration. 
 Aussiissung, f., s. Abwachsung. 
 Auster,O$trea, Huitre. 
 Auster-Familie, f., die Austern, Ostracese, 
 
 Ostrace's. 
 
 Austerschale, oyster-shell, s. Huitre. 
 Austerschalen, praparirte, pi., prepared 
 
 oyster-shells, 
 
 Austerschwamm, m., A. ostreatus, s. Agaric. 
 Austerstein, m., fossil oyster, Ostracite. 
 Austreibend, expulsive, Expulsif. 
 Austreibung, expulsion, Expulsion. 
 Austreten, n., Austretung, extravasation, 
 
 Extravasation. 
 
 Austreten der Safte, extravas. of fluids, 
 Austrocknend, desiccative, Dessiccatif. 
 Austrocknendes Mittel, desiccat. remedy, 
 Austrocknung, desiccation, Dessiccation. 
 Ausweichung, f., displacement, Ectopie. 
 Ausweichung der Wirbelsaule, deviation of 
 
 the vertebral column. 
 Ausweichungen, p\.,s. Ektopien. 
 Auswendig, adj., exterior, Exterieur. 
 Auswendiges s. Aeusseres Ohr. 
 Auswitterung, efflorescence, Efflorescence. 
 Auswuchs, Auswiichse, pL, excrescence, 
 
 excrescences, Excroissance. 
 
 AZO 
 
 Auswuchs, hornartiger, horn-like excres- 
 cence, Keratiase. 
 
 Ausw., schwammiger der harten Hirn- 
 haut, fungous excrescence of dura mater, 
 s. Fongosite. 
 
 Ausw. am Zahnfleisch, epulis, Epulide. 
 
 Auswurf, Auswiirfe, pL, excrement, ex- 
 crements, Excrement. 
 
 Auswurf, expectoration, Expectoration. 
 
 Auswurf befordernd, adj., expectorant, Ex- 
 pectorant. 
 
 Auswurf befbrdernde Mittel, pi., expecto- 
 rant remedies, 
 
 Auszehrend, consumptive, Consomptif. 
 
 Auszehrende Krankheiten, diseases, 
 
 Auszehrung, f., wasting, Marasme. 
 
 Ausziehung, extraction, Extraction. 
 
 Ausziehung des Steines beim Steinschnitt, 
 extract, of the stone in lithotomy, 
 
 Autemesie, f., autemesia, Autemesie. 
 
 Aulokratie, f., autocracy, Autocratie. 
 
 Automat, automaton, Automate. 
 
 Automatisch, automatic, Automatique. 
 
 Aittopsie, f., autopsy, Autopsie. 
 
 Autoptisch, autoptical, Autoptique. 
 
 Axe, f., s. Achse. 
 
 Axe, vertebra dentata, Axis. 
 
 Azarolbaum, m., Cratsegus azarolus. 
 
 Azederach, Melia azed., Aze'derach. 
 
 Azoodynamie,azoodynamia,Azoodynamie. 
 
 Azot, azote, Azote. 
 
 Azotisch, adj., azotic, Azotique. 
 
 Azots'dure, E, azotic acid, 
 
 B. 
 
 BAC 
 
 Baben, B'dberen, Cucurbita pepo, s. Courge. 
 Baberesche,?., Populus tremula, s. Peuplier. 
 Bachblume, (., Caltha palustris, s. Souci. 
 Bachbungen, n., Veronica beccabunga, Bec- 
 
 cabunga. 
 
 Bachkrebs, m., s. Flusskrebs. 
 Bachkresse, f., *. Wasserkresse. 
 Bachweide, Salix helix, s. Saule. 
 Backaliau, Backeljau, m., s. Gabeljau. 
 Backe, Backen, pi., cheek, cheeks, Joue. 
 Backen- oder Bakkenbart, whisker, Mous- 
 
 tache. 
 
 Backenbein, Backenknochen, n., s. Jochbein. 
 Backenblasen, pi., sacculi buccales, s. Ven- 
 
 tricule. 
 Backendriise, f., Backendrusen, pL, buccal 
 
 gland, glands, s. Buccal. 
 Backenmuskel, Buccinator, Buccinateur. 
 
 BA1, 
 
 .ac:ett7wwsrenm>,m.nerv.uccnaorus, 
 Backennerven, pi., nervi buccales velfaci- 
 
 ales medii, s. Buccal. 
 Backenschlagader, f., buccal artery, 
 Backentasche, f., -taschen, pi., cheek-pouch, 
 
 -pouches, Abajoue. 
 
 Backenwunde, f., wound of the cheek,s. Plate. 
 Backenzahn, -zahne, pi., molar tooth, 
 
 teeth, s. Dent. 
 
 547 
 
 Backenzungenmiiskel, m., Myloglossus, 
 
 Myloglosse. 
 
 Bad, Bader, pi., bath, baths, Bain. 
 Bad,heisses, warmes, hot, warm bath, 
 Bad, kaltes, laues, cold, tepid, bath, 
 Bad, starkendes, strengthening bath, 
 Badecur, treatment of diseases by baths, 
 Badekappe, f., bathing cap, 
 Badekunst, art of employing baths, 
 Bademeister, m., keeper of baths, 
 Bademutter, f., midwife, Accoucheuse. 
 Baden, n., bathing, balneation, s. Bain. 
 Badeschwamm, m., Spongia officinalis, s. E- 
 
 ponge. 
 
 Badestube,f.,l>a thing-room, balneary,*.Bain. 
 Badezeil, n., bathing-season, 
 Badian, lllicium anisatum, s. Badiane. 
 Badkopf, n., s. Schrb'pkopf. 
 Bahung, fomentation, Fomentation. 
 Bahungen heisse, pL, hot fomentations, 
 Bahungen, kalte, pi., cold fomentations, 
 Balanopter, Balsenoptera, s. Baleine. 
 Balanorrhagie, haemorrhage from glans 
 
 penis, Balanorrhagie. 
 Balanorrhoe, f., s. Eichelschleimfluss. 
 Balanzierslange, f., -stangen, pL, halter, 
 
 halteres, Balancier.
 
 BAN 
 
 Baldrian, Valeriana, Vale'rianc. 
 Baldrian, gewohnlicher, V. officinalis, 
 Baldrianextract, extract of valerian, 
 Baldrianextract, kaltbereitetes, cold-pre- 
 
 pared extract of , 
 Baldrianol, oil of valerian, 
 Baldriantinctur, tincture of , 
 Baldrian t.,atherische,etherealtinct.of , 
 Baldriant.,ammoniumhaltige, ammoniated 
 
 tincture of , 
 
 Baldriant., gesa'uerte, acid tinct. of , 
 Baldrian wasser, valerian- water, 
 Balg, glume, Glume. 
 Balggeschivulst, f., encysted tumour, a. En- 
 
 kyste. 
 Balggeschwulsl breiartige, f., atheroma, A- 
 
 therome. 
 Balggeschwulst, sei-'ose, encysted tumour, 
 
 containing serum, 
 B'dlglein, n., little glume, Glumelle. 
 Balken, m., corpus callosum, s. Calleux. 
 Balkenknie, f., genu corporis callosi, 
 Balkennath, f., raphe corp. callosi, a. Raphe. 
 Balkenschlagader, f., arteria corp. callosi, . 
 
 Calleux. 
 
 Balkenschnabel,m., rostrum corp. callosi, 
 Balkenstamm, m., truncus corp. callosi, 
 Balkenstrahlung, f., radiatio corp. callosi, 
 Balkenwulst, m., splenium corp. callosi, 
 Balkenzange, f., forceps corp. callosi, 
 Sullen des Danmens, ball of the thumb, s. 
 
 Thenar. 
 Batten des kleinen Fingers, of the little 
 
 finger, 
 
 -BaWeHAraw<,n.,Plantago major,*. Plantain. 
 Ballotte, f., Ballota, Ballote. 
 Balneographief; description of baths,*. Bain. 
 Balneotechnik, (., art of employing , 
 Balsam, m., balsam, Baume. 
 Balsam, Peruvianischer, Peruv. balsam, 
 Balsam von Tolu, balsam of Tolu, 
 Balsamapfel, Momordica, Momordique- 
 Balsambaum, m., Copaifeya, Copayer. 
 Balsambaum, gewohnlicher^ C. officinalis, 
 
 Balsamespe, f., s. Balsampappel. 
 Balsamine, f., Bakamkraut, n., Impatiens, 
 
 Balsamine. 
 
 Balsamisch, balsamic, Balsamique. 
 Balsamische Arzneimitfel, pi., balsamic me- 
 
 dicines, 
 
 Balsamkraut,wildeg, noli-me-tangere, 
 Balsampappel, Populus ba.lsam.,s.Peuplier. 
 Bolsampjfanze, f., Amyris, Balsamier. 
 Balsamrose, f., Rosa eglanteria, s. Rosier. 
 Balsamstrauch, Amyris opobalsamum, s. 
 
 Balsamier. 
 
 Balsamtanne, f., Pinus balsamea, s. S'apin. 
 Bambusrohr, Bambusaarundin., Bambou. 
 Bananasfeiye, f., Musa sapient., s. Bananier. 
 Band, Bander, pi., ligament, Ligament. 
 Band des Augensterns, ciliary ,*. Ciliaire. 
 Band des Eichels,frsenum,t'raenulum, penis. 
 Band, Fallopisches, Fallopian or PouparVs 
 
 ligament, s. Ligament. 
 
 548 
 
 BAR 
 
 Bande, i. Binde. 
 
 Bande, kleine, small band, Bandelette, 
 
 Bander des Gehirns, commissures of the 
 
 brain, *. Commisture. 
 
 Banderlehre.syndesmologySyndesniologie. 
 Bandformig, s. Bandiert. 
 Bandhaft, f., syndesmosis, Syndesmose. 
 Bandiert, fasciated, Fascie. 
 Bandirurtff, f., fasciatio, Bandage. 
 Bandwurm, Taenia, Tenia. 
 Bandw. breiter, s Grubenkopf. 
 Bandw., kurzgliedrichter, T. vulgaris, t, 
 
 Tenia. 
 
 Bandw., langgliedrichter, T. solium, 
 Banaenkraut, Bangkraut, n., Conium ma- 
 
 culatum, *. Cigue. 
 Bangigheit, f., anxiety, Anxidte. 
 Bank, f., bench, Bane. 
 Bansen, m.,s. Pansen. 
 Bar, m., B'dren, f., Ursus, Ours. 
 Barbadoes-Schenkcl, m., Barbadoes-leg, E- 
 
 le'phantope. 
 BarbarischerWurmsamen,aemen-contrs^Se- 
 
 men-contra. 
 
 Barbe, Barbele, *. Flussbarbe. . 
 Barbiermesser, n., razor, Rasoir. 
 Barenbeere, Arbutus uva ursi, s.Arbovsier. 
 B'drendreck, m., Rubus caesius, s. Ronce. 
 Barenfackel, f., Barenkraut, n., Verbascum 
 
 thapsus, Bouillon-blanc. 
 Barenfett, n., bear's-grease, *. Graisse, 
 Barerifuss, f, Helleb. fostidus, s. Hellebore, 
 Barenklau, Acanthus, Acanthe. 
 B'drenknoblauch, B'drenlauch, B'drlauch, m., 
 
 Allium ursinum, *. Ail. 
 B'drenrobbe, f., Phoca ursina, s. Phoque. 
 Barentraube, s. Barenbeere. 
 Barentraubenblatter, pi., folia uvae ursi, 
 Barenwumel, (., s. Barenklau. 
 Baria, f., s. Baryt. 
 
 B'drklee, m., s. Stein- oder Honigklee. 
 Barlapp, Bdrlappen, m., Lycopodium, Ly- 
 
 copode. 
 
 Barmutter, f., s. Gebarmutter. 
 Baromakrometer, baromacrometer, Baro- 
 
 macrometre. 
 
 Barometer, barometer, Barometre. 
 Barometrisch, adj., barometrical, Barome'- 
 
 trique. 
 
 Bars, Barsh, Barsch, Perca, Perche. 
 Bart, beard, Barbe. 
 
 Bart am Getreide, awn in grain, Barbe. 
 Bartfaden, m., Barlfaden, pi., cirrhus, cir- 
 
 rhi, Barbillon. 
 
 Barthafer, m., Avena fatua, s. Avoine. 
 Bartig, bearded, Barbu. 
 Bartlos, beardless, Imberbe. 
 Bartnuss, f. Corylus avellana, s. Coudrier. 
 Bartspitze,-spitzen,pl.,palpus,palpi,Palpe. 
 
 ' 
 
 Bdrwinkel, m., Vinca major, s. Pervenche. 
 Barylalie, f., barylalia, *. Baryphonie, 
 Baryt, n., Baryterde, f., Baryta, *. Barium. 
 Baryt, salzsaurer, oder salxsaures, muriate 
 of baryta,
 
 BAU 
 
 Barytuw, n., barium, Barium. 
 
 Baryumoxyd, n., oxide of barium, s. Baryt. 
 
 Baryumoxyd ) salzsaures,s.T$a.ryt.salzsa.\irer. 
 
 Barzenkraul, n., Cicuta virosa, s. Cicutaire. 
 
 Basilararlerie, f., basilar artery, s. Basilaire. 
 
 Basilarvcne, f., basilar vein, 
 
 Basilicken, Basilienkraut, Ocymum basi- 
 licum, . Basilic. 
 
 Basilicum, Basilikum, Ocymum, Basilic. 
 
 Basilicumsalbe, f., basilicum, Basilicon. 
 
 Basilisk, in., Basiliscus amboinensis, 
 
 Basis, basis, Base. 
 
 Basisch, adj., basal, Basique. 
 
 Bast, liber, Liber. 
 
 Bastardakorus, m., Iris pseud., Acore faux. 
 
 Bastardfasan, m., Phasianus colchicus hy- 
 bridus, s. Faisan. 
 
 Bastardmohn, m., Papaver hybrid., s.Pavotf. 
 
 Bastardfifianze, f., hybrid plant, s. Hydride. 
 
 Bataten, m.,Con volvulus batatas,s.Lineron. 
 
 Batatenwinde, f., same, 
 
 Batatte, f., root of C. batatas, 
 
 Batenike, f ., Betonika, Be'toine. 
 
 Bathengel, Teucrium chamsedrys, s. Ger- 
 mandree. 
 
 Batrachier,Batracier,Batracise,Batraciens. 
 
 Bau, Bauen, pi., structure, Structure. 
 
 Bauch, belly, Abdomen. 
 
 Bauchabscess, m., abdominal abscess, s. Ab- 
 dominal. 
 
 Bauchaorte, f., abdominal aorta, 
 
 Bauchaorteng<iftecht,n.,abA.aoTtic plexus, 
 
 Bauchbeschau, f., s. Abdominoskopie. 
 
 Bauchbinde gerade, f., fascia recta abdomi- 
 nis, s. Fascie. 
 
 Bauchbinde,(jueere,fascia transversalis , 
 
 Bauchblasenschnitt, m., hypogastric cysto- 
 tomy, s. Hypogastrique. 
 
 Bauchbruch, abdominal hernia, s. Hernie. 
 
 Bauchdeckenschlagader, obere, superior e- 
 pigastric artery, branch of internal mam- 
 mary, s. Mammaire. 
 
 Bauchdeckenschl. untere, lower common 
 epigastric , s. Epigastrique. 
 
 Bauchdeckenvene, f., epigastric vein, 
 
 Bauchdriise, f., -drusen, pi., abdominal 
 gland, glands, s. Glande. 
 
 Baucheuter,fl.,abAom.mammse,s.J\famelle. 
 
 Bauchfell, peritonaeum, PeYitoine. 
 
 Bauchfellabscess, m., peritoneal abscess, s. 
 Peritoneal. 
 
 5awcA/e//6arfer,pl.,peritonealligaments, 
 
 Bauchfellentziindung, peritonitis, Perito- 
 nite. 
 
 Bauchfellsack, m., peritoneal sack, s. Sac. 
 
 BauchHosse, -flossen, pi., ventral fin, fins, 
 s. Nageoire. 
 
 Bauchfluss, diarrhoea, Diarrhe'e. 
 
 Bauchgeflecht, n., Bauchgeflechte, pi., plexus 
 abdominalis, abdominales, *. Plexus. 
 
 Bauchgegend, f., abdom. region , s. Abdominal. 
 
 Bauchgegend, obere, mittlere, untere, superi- 
 or, middle, inferior abdom. region, 
 
 Bauchgrimmen, n., gripes, Colique. 
 
 Bauchh6hle,peritonealcavity,s.Pert<oea/. 
 
 549 
 
 BAU 
 
 Bauchig, adj., ventricose, Ventru. 
 Bauchmuskel, -muskeln, pi., abdominal 
 
 muscle, muscles, *. Abdominal. 
 Bauchmuskel, gerader, Rectus abdominis, 
 
 s. Droit. 
 
 Bauchmuskel, queerer, Transversalis ab- 
 dominis, s. Transversal. 
 Bauchmuskel, schrager ausserer,Obliquus 
 
 externus abdominis, s. Oblique. 
 Bauchmuskel, schrager innerer, Obliquus 
 
 internus abdominis, 
 Bauchmuskelscheide, f., sheath of Rectus 
 
 abdominis, s. Droit. 
 
 Bauchnaht, f., abdominal suture, s. Suture. 
 Bauchoffhung, f., s. Bauchschnitt. 
 Bauchredner,ventriloquist,Ventriloquiste 
 Bauchrednerei, ventriloquism, Ventrilo- 
 
 quisme. 
 
 Bauchring, m., abdominal ring,s.Abdominal. 
 Bauchschild, m., belly -plate of Chelonian 
 
 Reptiles, Plastron. 
 
 Bauchschmerz, gastralgy, GasteYalgie. 
 Bauchschnitt, gastrotomy, Gastrotomie. 
 Bauchschwindsucht, f., abdominal phthisis, 
 
 s. Phthisic. 
 Bauchspeichel, pancreatic fluid, s. Pancre- 
 
 atique. 
 
 Bauchspeicheldriise, pancreas, Pancreas. 
 Bauchspeicheldriisenentziindung, s. Ge- 
 
 krb'sdrusenentziindung. 
 Bauchspeicheldrusengefasse,pL,pancreatic 
 
 vessels, s. Pancreatique. 
 Bauchspeicheldrusenschwindsucht, f., pancre- 
 atic phthisis, 
 Bauchspeicheldrusenwunde, f., wound of the 
 
 pancreas, 
 Bauchstich, paracentesis abdominis, s. Pa- 
 
 racent.ese. 
 
 Bauchwassersucht, ascites, Ascite. 
 Bauchweh, n., -wehen, pi., abdominal pain, 
 
 pains, s. Bauchschmerz. 
 Bauchwirbel, s. Lendenwirbel. 
 Bauchwirbelnerven, pi., nervi spinales lum- 
 
 bares, *. Lombaire. 
 
 Bauchwunde, f., abdominal wound, s. Plait. 
 Bauchwundendurchdringende, pi., penetrat- 
 ing wounds of abdomen, 
 Bauchwunden oberfidchliche, pi., superficial 
 
 wounds of , 
 Bauchwurm, m., -wurmer, pL, intestinal 
 
 worm, worms, s. Intestinal. 
 Bauchw. Ar/etner,Oxyuris verm\c.,s.Oxyure. 
 Bauerisch, adj., wild, Agreste. 
 Bauerneppich, m., Apium graveolens,Ache. 
 Bauernherz, m., s. Herzmuschel. 
 Bauernpjlaume,f., Prunus sylves.,s.Prwm>r. 
 Bauerntaube, Columba domest., *. Pigeon. 
 Bauernwermuth, gemeiner, s. Wermuth. 
 Bauernwt'tzel, f., angina parotidea, Paro- 
 
 toncie. 
 Bauerschtcalbe, f., Hirundo rustica, *. Hi- 
 
 rondelle. 
 
 Baum, Baume, pi., tree, trees, Arbre. 
 Baum, versteinter. fossil tree, Dendrolithc. 
 Baumartig, tree-like, Dendroide.
 
 EEC 
 
 Baumbeschreibung, dendrography, Den- 
 
 drographie. 
 
 Baumbilz, Boletus, Bolet. 
 Baumbohnenstrauch, m., Cytisus laburnum, 
 
 *. Cytise. 
 
 Baumbuchs, s. Buchsbaum. 
 Baumeuphorbie, f., Euphorbia dendroides, 
 
 *. Euphoric. 
 Baumfarren, Baumfarrn, m., Polypodium 
 
 vulgare, Polypode commun. 
 Baumf ormig, s. Baumartig. 
 Baumkunde, f., s. 
 
 Baumlehre, f., dendrology, Dendrologie. 
 Baumlerche, f., Alauda arborea, *. Alouette. 
 Baumlilie, f., Caprifolium Lonicera pe- 
 
 riclymenum, s. Chevrefeuille. 
 
 Baummolve, oder -pappel, Malva arborea, s. 
 
 Mauve. 
 
 Baumnuss, f., Juglans regia, s. Noyeri 
 Baumol, s. Olivenol. 
 Jtaumrinde, f., bark of trees, s. Ecarce. 
 Baumsauger, m., s. Schmarotzerpflanze. 
 Baumstamm, m., stem of tree, s. Tige. 
 Baumstein, m., dendrite, Dendrite. 
 Baumstrunk, s. Baumstamm. 
 Baumwinde, f., Hedera helix, s. Lierre. 
 Baumwolle, cotton, Coton. 
 .B<iwmt0o//ewar%,adj.,cotton-like,cottony, 
 Baumwollenbaum, Gossypium, Cotonnier. 
 Baumwollenpflanze, -staude, f., same, 
 
 Baumwolfsmikh, n., Euphorbia cotiniiblia, 
 
 *. Euphorbe. 
 
 Bausch, Bausche, pad, pads, Compresse. 
 Bauschchen, little pad, dossil, 
 Bauschmuskel des Halses, Splenius colli, 
 
 s. Splenius. 
 
 Bauschm. des Kopfs, Splenius capitis, 
 Bdellium, bdellium, Bdellium. 
 Bdellometer, m ., bdellometer,Bdellometre. 
 Beanstigung, f., anguish, Angoisse. 
 Beben, n., shivering, Frisson. 
 Bebende Stimme, tremulous voice, s. Vmx. 
 Beberasche, s. Baberesche. 
 Beccassine, f., Scolopax gallinago.s. Becasse. 
 Becher, scyphus, Coupe. 
 Becherformig, cyathiform, Cyathiforme. 
 Becherschwamm, m., Spongia craterifbrmis, 
 
 s. Epomge. 
 
 Becken, pelvis, Bassin. 
 Beckenarterie, pelvic artery, s- Pelvien. 
 
 Beckenbeine, pi., pelvic bones, s. Pelvien. 
 Beckenblutaaern, pi., pelvic veins, 
 Beckendriise, -driisen, pi., pelvic gland, 
 
 glands, 
 Beckendurchmesser, m., diameter of pelvis, 
 
 s. Diamelre. 
 
 Beckeneingang, m., s. Beckenofthung obere. 
 Beckengeflecht,n., Beckengefiechte, pi., pel vie 
 
 plexus, plexuses, s. Pelvien. 
 Beckenglieder, pi., pelvic limbs, 
 Becken nohle, pelvic cavity, 
 Beckenknochen, n., pi., s. Beckenbeine. 
 
 550 
 
 BEI 
 
 Beckenneigung, f., inclinatio pelvis, *. Bas- 
 
 sin. 
 BeckenofFnung, obere, superior aperture of 
 
 pelvis, s. Detroit. 
 
 Beckenoffhung,untere, infer, aperture , 
 Beckenschlagader, f, s. Beckenarterie. 
 Bedeckt, adj.,obtectus, Obtecte. 
 Bedewinde, f., Convolvulus arv., s. Liseron. 
 Beerdigung, burial, Inhumation. 
 Beerdorn, m., s. Sauerdorn. 
 Beere, Beeren, pi., berrv, berries, Baie. 
 Beerenartig, bacciform, Bacciforme. 
 Beerenformig, same, 
 
 Beerenholz, n., K. frangula, s. Nerprun. 
 Beerenpfeffer, m., Capsicum annuuni, *. 
 
 Piment. 
 
 Beerensteine, s. Versteinerte Beeren. 
 Beerentragend, bacciferous, Baccifere. 
 Beerheide, f., s. Appenbeere. 
 Beerstrauch, m., Sambucus, Sureau. 
 Beerwinde, f., Convolvulus, Liseron. 
 Beete, f., s. Mangold. 
 Beete weisse, Beta cicla, s. Bette. 
 Befestigung der Knochen durch Muskeln, 
 
 syssarcosis, Syssarcose. 
 Beteuchtung, moistening, Madefaction. 
 Befleckung, pollution, Pollution. 
 Befleckung, nachtliche, nocturnal , 
 Beftugelt, adj., s. Gefliigelt. 
 Befruchtung, fructification, Fructification. 
 Befruchlungsorgane, pi., organs of , 
 Befruchtunysstuhl, m., thalamus fructifica- 
 
 tionis, 
 
 Befruchtungstheile, pi., partes , 
 Begattung, copulation, Accouplement. 
 Begattungsorgane, pi., organs of , 
 Begeisterung, f., s. BeseeTung. 
 Begierde zu essen, s. Esslust. 
 Begrdbniss, n., s. Beerdigung. 
 Begrabnisswl, m., burial-place, 
 Begrannt, adj., awned, Ariste. 
 Behaart, adj., haired, Capille. 
 Behalter, receptacle, Reservoir. 
 Behemot, n., s. Flusspferd. 
 Behen, m., Cucubalus behen, s. Behen. 
 Behen, rother, root of Statice limoniuin, 
 Behhafer, m., A vena fatua, s. Avoine. 
 Behuft, adj,, hoofed, s. Sabot. 
 Beifuss, Artemisia vulgaris, s. Armoise. 
 Beilformiff, adj., securiform, Securiforme. 
 Beimischung, t., admixture, Mdlange. 
 Bein, Beine, pi., bone, bones, Os. 
 Bein, leg or shank, Jambe. 
 Bein, felsenartiges, pars petrosa ossis tem- 
 
 poris, *. Petrt. 
 
 Bein, keilfbrmiges, s. Keilbein. 
 Bein, siebfbrmiges, ethmoid bone, 5. Eth- 
 
 mo'ide. 
 
 Bein, ungennantes, os innom., s. Innomine. 
 Bein, wespenformiges, s. Keilbein. 
 Beinansatz, m., epiphysis, Epiphyse. 
 Beinbindladen, s. Beinladen. 
 Beinblume, f., s. Bachblume. 
 Beinbrech, m., osteocolla, Oste'ocolle.
 
 BEN 
 
 Beinbruch, fracture of bone, Fracture. 
 
 Beinchen, ossiculum, Osselet. 
 
 Beinchen rundes im Ohr, os orbiculare, s. 
 Orbiculaire. 
 
 Beinern, Beinig, adj., osseous, Osseux. 
 
 Beinerv, Bejnerv, accessory nerve, s. Ac- 
 cessoire. 
 
 Beinfdule, f., Beinfrass, caries, Carie. 
 
 Beinf'resser, Beinkrebs, m., s. Nekrose. 
 
 Beinfiigung, Beinfuge, f., articulation , su- 
 ture of bones, s. Harmonic. 
 
 Beingeriist, -korper, skeleton, Squelette. 
 
 Beingeschwullst, *. Knochengeschwullst. 
 
 Beinhart, adj., osseous, Osseux. 
 
 Bemhaus, n., charnel-house, s. Os. 
 
 Beinhaut, periosteum, Pe'rioste. 
 
 Beinhaiitcben n., same, 
 
 Beinhautentzundung,periostitis,Periostite 
 
 Beinheber, m., bone-elevator, EleVatoire. 
 
 Beinkopf, -knopf, condyle, Condyle. 
 
 Beinlade, Beinladen, pi. , splint, splints, At- 
 telle. 
 
 Beinlos, adj., destitute of bone, *. Os. 
 
 Beinmark, s. Knochenmark. 
 
 Beinohren, pi., Branchiostegi, Pisces, 
 Branchiosteges. 
 
 Beinwell, m., s. Beinbrech. 
 
 Beinwurm,m., Filaria medinensis, s.Filaire. 
 
 Beinwurz,f., Symphytum offices. Consoude. 
 
 Beischlaf, concubitus, Coit. 
 
 Beischlaf befbrdernde Mittel, pi., aphro- 
 disiac remedies, s. Aphrodisiaque. 
 
 Beissbeere, f., Capsicum, Piment. 
 
 Beissbeerfrucht, f., fructus Capsici annul, 
 
 Beisselbeere, f., s. Berberis. 
 
 Beissend, adj., acrid, pungent, Acre. 
 
 Beisszahn, Beisszahne, pi., incisor-tooth, 
 -teeth, s. Incisif. 
 
 Beizmittel, s. Aetzende Mittel. 
 
 Belaubf, adj., foliatus, Feuille'. 
 
 Belaubung, f., frondescence, Frondescence. 
 
 Belebende Mittel, pi., exciting remedies, s. 
 Excitant. 
 
 Belemnit, m., Belemniten, pL , belemnite, be- 
 lemnites, Belemnite. 
 
 Belladonna, , Belladonna, Belladonne. 
 
 Belladonnaextract,extractofbelladonna, 
 
 Belladonnapflaster, plaster of , 
 
 Belladonnasauerhonig, oxymel of , 
 
 Belladonnasyrup, syrup of , 
 
 Belladonnatinctur, tincture of , 
 
 Belladonnawurzel, root of , 
 
 Benedictenkraut, Geum, Benoite. 
 
 Benedictenwurzel,gemeine,G.urbanum, 
 
 Benjaminbaum, m., Styrax benzoin, s. All- 
 boufier. 
 
 Benzoe, Benzoeharz, benzoin, Benjoin. 
 
 Benzoeblumen, pi., flowers of benzoin, 
 
 Benzoesalz, m., benzoate, Benzoate. 
 
 Benzoesauer, adj., benzoic, Benzoique. 
 
 Benzoesaure, benzoic acid, 
 Benzoesaure Salxe, pi., benzoates, s- Ben- 
 zoate. 
 
 Benzoesaurehaltige Opiumtinctur, benzo- 
 ated tincture of opium, s. Opium. 
 
 551 
 
 BER 
 
 Benzoetinctur, einfache, simple tincture 
 of benzoin, s. Benjoin. 
 
 Benzoetinctur, zusammengesetzte, com- 
 pound tincture of , 
 
 Benzoin, m., s. Benzoe. 
 
 Beobachtung, observation, Observation. 
 
 Berauchern, fumigation, Fumigation. 
 
 Berauscherung, same, 
 
 Berberis, Berberisbeere, Berberilze, f, fruit 
 of Berberis vulgaris, s. 
 
 Berberisbaum, m., Berberisstaude, f., Berbe- 
 ris, E'pine-Vinette. 
 
 Berberize, f., Berberizen, pL, s. Berberis. 
 
 Berg, mountain, Mont. 
 
 Berg des Wurms, monticulus cerebelli, s. 
 Cervelet. 
 
 Bergamotte, f., variety of Citrus medica, 
 Bergamottier. 
 
 Bergamottenol, Bergamottol, oil of Ber- 
 gamot, 
 
 Bergbaldrian, m., s. Baldrian. 
 
 Bergbalsam, m., s. Naphthe. 
 
 Bergenzian, m., Gentiana lutea, s.Gcntianc, 
 
 Berghase, Lepus variabilis, s. Lievre. 
 
 Berghimbeere, f., R. chamsemorus, s. Ronce. 
 
 Bergig, adj., mountainous, s. Mont. 
 
 Berglein, m., Linum catharticum, s. Lin. 
 
 Bergmann, m., s. Metallurg. 
 
 Bergnaphtha, Bergol, petroleum, Pe'trole. 
 
 Bergpfefferrinde, f., s. Kellerhalswurzel. 
 
 Bergsalz, s. Salz, gemeines. 
 
 Bergsucht, f., a pulmonary disease peculiar 
 to miners. 
 
 Bergstoerkskunde, , s. Metallurgie. 
 
 Bergtheer, s. Theer. 
 
 Berffwolvei-lei,n.,A.rmc&montans^s.Arniqve. 
 
 Berlinerblau, m., Prussian blue, s. Bleu. 
 
 Berlinerblaustojf, m., s. Blaustoff. 
 
 Berlinerblausaure, f., s. Blausaure. 
 
 Bernstein, amber, Succin. 
 
 Bernstein, schwarzer, s. Judenspech. 
 
 Bernsteinern, adj., made of amber, 
 
 Bemsieinessenz, balsamitche, s. Bernstein- 
 tinctur, atherische. 
 
 Bernsteinol, oil of amber, 
 
 Bernsteinsalmiak, m., s. Bernstein saures 
 Ammonium. 
 
 Bernsteinsaure Ammonium Flussigkeit, Li- 
 quor ammonii succinici, s. Succin. 
 
 Bernsteinsaure, succinic acid, s. Succinate. 
 
 Bernsteinsaure SaLze, pi., succinates, 
 
 Bernsteinsaurer Hirschhorngeist, s. 
 
 Bernsteinsaures Ammonium oder Ammo- 
 niak, succinate of ammonia. 
 
 Bernsteintinctur, atherische, ethereal tinc- 
 ture of amber, s. Succin. 
 
 Bernsteintinctur, geistige, alcoholic tinc- 
 ture of , 
 
 Bertram, Spanische, Anthemis pyrethrum, 
 Pyre'thre. 
 
 Bertramwurzel, f., radix Pyrethri, 
 
 Bertramwurzeltinctur, f., tinct. radicis , 
 
 Beruhigend, adj., sedative, Se'datif. 
 
 BeruhigendeMittel,pl.,se&a,tive remedies, 
 
 Beruhigung, f., action, or result of , .
 
 BEU 
 
 Beadnftigend, adj., palliative, Palliatif. 
 Bes'dnftigende Mittel, pi., palliatives, 
 Bes'dnftiqung, f., palliation, Palliation. 
 Beschaffenheit, diathesis, Diathese. 
 Beschaffenheit, eigene, s. Idiosynkrasie. 
 
 Beschaffenheit, uble, s. Kachexie. 
 Beschdlen, v., to decorticate, s.Decortication. 
 
 Beschlag, s. Auswitterung. 
 
 Beschleunigend, adj., accelerative, s. Acce- 
 leration. 
 
 Tteschleunigung, f., acceleration, 
 
 Beschneidung, der Vorhaut, circumcisi- 
 on, Circoncision. 
 
 Beschreibend, descriptive, Descriptif. 
 
 Beschreibende Anatomic, descriptive Ana- 
 tomy, s. Anatomic. 
 
 Beschreibung, description, Description. 
 
 Beschreibung der Brechmittel, emetology,E- 
 me'tologie. 
 
 Beschreib. der Eingeweide, s. Splanchno- 
 graphie. 
 
 Beschreib. der Fische, s. Ichthyographie. 
 
 Beschreib. der Muskeln, *. Myographie. 
 
 Beschreib. der Nerven, s. Neurographie. 
 
 Beseelung, animation, Animation. 
 
 Besinnung, f., s. Anamnese. 
 
 Besonder, partial, Partial. 
 
 Bespltzt, adj., pointed, Aigu. 
 
 Besprengt, adj., sprinkled, s. Aspersion. 
 
 Besprengung, aspersion, 
 
 Bestdndig, adj., perennial, Perenne. 
 
 Bestaubf, adj., s. Staubig. 
 
 Beslie, f., Bestien, pi., beast, Bete. 
 
 Bestrahlung, f., s. Ausstrahlung. 
 
 Betaubende Mittel,narcotics, s Narcotique. 
 
 Betdubender Staff, narcotic principle, 
 
 Betaubung, narcosis, Narcose. 
 
 Betel, Piper betel, Be"tel. 
 
 Belonie, Betonika, f., Betonica, Be*toine. 
 
 Bettlagerig, bed-ridden, Alile". 
 
 Bettlagerig werden, to become , Aliter. 
 
 Bettstroh, n., s. Labkraut. 
 
 Bettwandler, m., Bettwanze, Cimex lectu- 
 larius, *. Punaise. 
 
 Beugemuskel, m., -muskeln, pi., flexor mus- 
 cle, muscles, s. Flechisseur. 
 
 Beuger, flexor, 
 
 Beuger, kurzer, Flexor brevis, 
 
 Beuger, langer, Flexor longus, 
 
 Beuger,oberfla"chlicher, Flexor sublimis, 
 
 Beuger, tiefer, Flexor profundus, 
 
 Beugsam, flexible, Flexible. 
 
 Beugsamkeit, flexibility, Flexibilite. 
 
 Beugung, s. Biegung. 
 
 Beule, f., boil, s. A bees. 
 
 Beule venerische, venereal bubo, s. Bubon. 
 
 Beulen am Kopf, tumours from extravasa- 
 tion of blood beneath the scalp. 
 
 Beutel, purse, Bourse. 
 
 Beutel, abdominal pouch, s. Marsupial. 
 
 Beutel, schwarzer, marsupium of the eye of 
 birds, Bourse, Peigne. 
 
 Beutelformiff, purse-shaped, s. Bourse. 
 
 Beutelknochen, pi., marsupial bones, s. Mar- 
 supial. 
 
 552 
 
 BIL 
 
 Beutelthiere, Marsupialia, Marsupiaux. 
 Beutenhonig, n., honey of wild bee, s.Miel. 
 Beutenleim, m., s. Bienharz. 
 Bewahrungsmittel, n., preservative reme- 
 dy, s. Prophylaxie. 
 
 Bewegbar, Beweglich, moveable, Mobile. 
 Bewegend, motor, moving, Moteur. 
 Bewegliche Gelenkverbindung, moveable 
 articulation, Diarthrose. 
 
 Beweglichkeit, mobility, M obilite. 
 
 Bewcgung, f., motion, Motion. 
 
 Bewegung, schwanhende, oscillatory motion, 
 Oscillation. 
 
 Bewegung, wurmformige, peristaltic mo- 
 tion, s. Peristaltique. 
 
 Bewegungslehre, t'., science of mechanics, s. 
 Mecanique. 
 
 Bewegungslos, ad j., destitute of motion. 
 
 Bewegungsnerven, pi., motor nerves, s. Mo- 
 teur. 
 
 Bewegungsunvermogen, n , dyscinesia, Dys- 
 cine"sie. 
 
 Bewegungsvermogen, n., motility, ]\Iotilite. 
 
 Bewohnbar, habitable, Habitable. 
 
 Bewohner, m., inhabitant, s. 
 
 Bewohnung, habitation, Habitation. 
 
 Beydlebig, amphibious, Amphibie. 
 
 Beydlebige Thiere, pi., Amphibia, amphibi- 
 ous animals, Amphibies. 
 
 Beyfuss, s. Beifuss. 
 
 Bezoar, Bezoarstein, bezoar, Bezoard. 
 
 Bezoar, europaischer od. deutscher, Euro- 
 pean or German bezoar, 
 
 Bezoarbock, m., Bezoarziege, f., Capra sega- 
 grus, s. Chevre. 
 
 Bezoaressig, n., Acetum bezoardicum (aro- 
 maticum), s. Vinaigre. 
 
 Bezoargazelle, f., Antilope oryx, s. Anlilope. 
 
 Bezoardisch, adj., bezoardic, B^zoardique. 
 
 Biber, Castor, Castor. 
 
 Bibergeil.castoreum, Castor^um. 
 
 Bibergeilfett, n., Axungia Castorei, 
 
 Bibergeilsaure, 5. Castorinsaure. 
 
 Bibergeiltinctur, Tinctura Castorei, s. 
 
 Bibergeiltinctur, atherische, Tinct. Casto- 
 rei aetherea, s. Castoreum. 
 
 Bibergeiltinctur,zusammengesetzte,Tinc. 
 Castorei composita, 
 
 Bibernelle, s. Pimpernelle. 
 
 Biene, Apis, Abeille. 
 
 Biene, ungefliigelte, pupa of the bee, 
 
 Bienenbanm, m., Acer campestre, s. Erable. 
 
 Bienenbrod, n., bee-bread, s. Abeille. 
 
 Bienenharz, Bienharz, propolis, Propolis. 
 
 Bienenkonigin, f., queen-bee, s. Abeille. 
 
 Bienenkorb,Bienenstock,m.,\>ee-hiveJluche. 
 
 Bienenkraut, n., Melissa offic., s. Melisse. 
 
 Bieiienmutter, f., s. Bienenkonigin. 
 
 Bienenstich, m., sting of bee, s. Abeille. 
 
 Bienenzelle, f., . Honigzelle. 
 
 Bier, beer, Biere. 
 
 Bier, starkes, strong beer, ale, 
 
 Biermolken, n., posset, Posset. 
 
 Biidend, plastic, Plastique. 
 
 Bildende Kraft, s. Bildungstrieb.
 
 BIS 
 
 Bildung, formation, Conformation. 
 
 Bildimy sieinitjcr Concremente, lithiasis, Li- 
 thiase. 
 
 Bildungsgewebc, f., s- Zellgewebe. 
 
 Bildwigsknorpel, m., cartilago ossium for- 
 mativa, *. Cartilage. 
 
 Bildungssaft, -sa'fte, pi., formative or nu- 
 trient fluid, Cambium. 
 
 Bildungstrieb, plastic force, s. Plastique. 
 
 Bilsamkraut, n., Bilsamen, m., Hyoscyam- 
 us, Jusquiame. 
 
 Bilsenkraut, Bilsenbohne, f., H. niger, 
 
 Bilsenkrautextract, extract of henbane, 
 
 Bilsenkrautb'l, aufgegossenes, Oleum Hy- 
 oscyami infusum, 
 
 Bilsenkrautpflaster, plaster of henbane, 
 
 Bilsenkrautsalbe, ointment of , 
 
 Bilsenkrautsamen, pi., seeds of , 
 
 Bilsenkrauttinktur, tincture of , 
 
 Bilsensamenol, oil of seeds of , 
 
 Bilztourz, f., A. pulsatilla, s. Antmone. 
 
 Binde, s. Fascie. 
 
 Binde, bandage, Bandage. 
 
 Binde, einaugige, bandage for one eye, 
 Monocle. 
 
 Binde, fleischmachende, incarnative band- 
 age, s. Incarnatif. 
 
 Binde, vereinigende, uniting , s. Bandage. 
 
 Binde, vierkopfige, four-headed , Fronde. 
 
 Bindearm, m., s. Vierhiigelschenkel. 
 
 Bindehaut, tunica conjunctiva palpebra- 
 rum, s. Conjonctive. 
 
 Bindehaut des Auges, tunic, conj. oculi, 
 
 Bindwurm, m., fasciola, Fascicle. 
 
 Bingelkraut, bestandiges, Mercurialis pe- 
 rennis, s. Mercuriale. 
 
 Bingelkraut, fdhriges, M. annua, 
 
 B insen,bluhende, Butomus umbellatus, Jonc 
 fleuri. 
 
 Binsenlauch, m., A. schoenoprasum, s. Ail. 
 
 Birke, Betula, Bouleau. 
 
 Birke, weisse,oder gemeine, Betula alba, 
 
 Birkenbaum, m., s. Birke. 
 
 Birking, m., Agaricus betulinus, s. Agaric. 
 
 Birkwurz, f., Torm. erecta, s. Tormentille. 
 
 Birkwurzel, f., Ferula comm., s. Ferule. 
 
 Birn, pear, s. Poirier. 
 
 Birnbaum, Pyrus, 
 
 Birnformig, pyriform, Pyriforme. 
 
 Birnformiger Muskel, Pyrifbrmis, s. Py- 
 ramidal. 
 
 Bisam, musk, Muse. 
 
 Bisam, kunstlicher, artificial musk, 
 
 Bisamblume, H. abelmoschus, Ambrette. 
 
 Bisambockchen.Cerambyx mosch.,s.Afwsc. 
 
 Bisamhirsche, f., s. Bisamthier. 
 
 Bisamkatze, f., s. Zibethkatze. 
 
 Bisamknabenkraut, n., O. bifolia, s. Orchis. 
 
 Bisamkorner, seeds of Hibiscus abelmos- 
 chus, Abelmosch. 
 
 Bisamkiigelchen, pi., musk-troches, s. Muse. 
 
 Bisammalve, Malva moschata, 
 
 Bisamochs, Bisamstier, Bos moschatus, 
 
 Bisamthier, Moschus moschiferus, 
 
 Bisamtinctur, s. Moschustinctur. 
 
 553 
 
 BLA 
 
 Bismut, Bismuth, bismuth, Bismuth. 
 
 Bismuth, salpetersaures, nitrate of , 
 
 Bismuthoxyd, oxyd of , 
 
 Bison, Bisonstier, m., Bos bison, Bison. 
 
 Biss, Bisswunde, bite, Morsure. 
 
 Bisse der Vipern, pi., bites of the viper, 
 
 Bisse wiithender Thiere, of rabid ani- 
 mals, 
 
 Bissen, medicinischer, bolus, Bol. 
 
 Bisswurm, (Estrus bovis,s. (Eslre. 
 
 Bitter, bitter, Amer. 
 
 Bitterapfel, m., s. Coloquinthe. 
 
 Bitterdistel, m., C. benedicta, s. Centauree. 
 
 Bittere Kreuzblumenwnrzel, radix Polyga- 
 Ise amarse, s. Polyga/a. 
 
 Bittere Mandeln, pi., bitter almonds, s. 
 Amande. 
 
 Bittere Mittel, pi., bitters, s. Amer. 
 
 Bittere Rhabarbtinctur, Tinctura Tlhei am- 
 ara, s. Rhubarbe. 
 
 Bittererde, magnesia, Magne'sie. 
 
 Bittererde,schwefelsaure, sulphate of , 
 
 Bitteres Princip, bitter principle, s- Amer. 
 
 Bitteres Purgirsalz, sal cathart. amarum, 
 
 Bittergift, picrotoxine, Picrotoxine. 
 
 Bitterholz, n., quassia-wood, s. Quassia. 
 
 Bitterholzbaum, m., s. Quassie. 
 
 Bifterhonig, n., picromel, Picromel. 
 
 Bitterkeit, bitterness, Amertune. 
 
 Bitterklee, M. trifoliata, s. Menyanthe. 
 
 Bitterkleeextract, extract of , 
 
 Bitterkleesaft, frisch ausgepresstes, fresh- 
 expressed juice of , 
 
 Bittersalpeter, m., nitrate of magnesia, s. 
 Magnesie. 
 
 Bittersalzerde, s. Bittererde. 
 
 Bitterstoff, picromel, Picromel. 
 
 Bittersiiss, S. dulcamara, Douce-Amere. 
 
 Bitlersiissstengel, pi., stipites (Solani) dwl- 
 camarae, s. Morelle. 
 
 Bittersiissstengelextract, Extractum e sti- 
 pitibus (Solani) dulcamaras, 
 
 BitterwurzjBitterwurzel, f.,Gentiana lutea, 
 s. Gentiane. 
 
 Bitterwurzel, 7n<fiawic^e,Ophiorrhiza mun- 
 gos, s. Ophiorrhize. 
 
 Bixbeere,f., Vaccinium myrtillus,s.^4treWe. 
 
 Blackfisch, m., Sepia officinalis, s. Seche. 
 
 Bliihung, -ungen, pL, flatus, Flatulence. 
 
 Blahungentreibende Mittel, carminative 
 remedies, s. Carminatif. 
 
 Blahungenzertheilend, carminative, 
 
 Blahungshuhn, n., s. Agami. 
 
 Blarrauge, n., s. Eklropion. 
 
 Blaschen, vesicle, Vdsicule. 
 
 Blase, Blasen, pi., bladder, Vessie. 
 
 Blase auf den Haut, s. Ampulle. 
 
 Blaseloch, -locher, pi., blowing-hole.Event. 
 
 Blasenausschlag, pemphigus, Pemphigus. 
 
 Blasenausschl., acuter,acute pemphigus^- 
 
 Blasenausschl., langwieriger, chronic , 
 
 Blasenband, s- Harnschnur. 
 
 Blasenbaum, Colutea, Baguenaudier. 
 
 Blasenblutadern, pi., venae vesicales, s. Vi- 
 sical. 
 
 2N
 
 BLA 
 
 Blasenblutfluss, cystorrhagia, Cystirrhagie. 
 Blasenbruch, hernia of bladder, Cystocele. 
 Blasen- und Darmbruch, s. Darm- und 
 
 Harnblasenbruch. 
 
 Blasenentziindung, cystitis, Cystite. 
 Blasenfieber, n., s. Pemphigus." 
 Blasenfistelt fistula, of bladder, s. Fistule. 
 Blasengeflecht, n., plexus (nervorum) vesi- 
 
 calis, s. Plexus. 
 
 Blasengriin, Rhamnus cathart-, s. Nerprun. 
 Blasentjrund, m., fundus vesicae, s. Vessie. 
 Blasenhals, m., cervix vesicae, 
 Blasenhalsschnitt, incision of neck of blad- 
 der, Cystauchenotomie. 
 Blasenkorper, m., body of , s. Vessie. 
 Blasenkorperschnitt, cystosomatotomy, 
 
 Cystosomatotomie. 
 
 Blasenkrampf, cystospasm, Cystospasme. 
 Blasenfcraut, n., Utricularia, Utriculaire. 
 Blasenmastdarmfistel, f., s. Mastdarmbla- 
 
 senfistel. 
 
 Blasennerven, pi., nervi vesicales,s. Vesical. 
 Blasenpflaster, n., blistering-plaster, Ve'si- 
 
 catoire. 
 
 Blasenpolypen, pi,, vesical poly pi, s. Polype. 
 Blasenscheidenfistel, f., vesico-vaginal fistu- 
 la, s. Fistule. 
 Blasenscheldeschlagader, f., arteria vesico- 
 
 vaginalis, s. Vesical. 
 Blasenscheitel, f., vertex vesicae, 
 Blasenschenkelbr uch, cystomerocele, Cys- 
 
 to-Me'rocele. 
 Blasenschlagadern, pi., vesical arteries, *. 
 
 Vesical. 
 Blasenschleimfluss, m., cystirrhoea, Cystir- 
 
 rhe'e. 
 
 Blasenschmerz, cystalgia, Cystalgie. 
 Blasenschnitt, cystotomy, Oystotomie. 
 BJasenschnur, f., s. Harnschnur. 
 Blasenschwanz, Cysticercus, Cysticerque. 
 Blasenscirrhus,m., scirrhus of the bladder, 
 
 s. Squirrhe. 
 
 Blasenstein, vesical calculus, s. Calcul. 
 BlasemteinaujTosende Einspritzung, f., in- 
 jection for dissolving , 
 Blasensteinkrankheit, cysto-lithiasis, Cys- 
 
 to-Lithiase. 
 Blasensteinschnitt, vesical lithotomy, s. 
 
 Lithotomie. 
 Blasenstich, m., puncture of the bladder, s. 
 
 Ponction. 
 Blasenstich durch den Damm, puncture of 
 
 the bladder per perinseum, 
 Blasenstich durch den Mastdarm, per 
 
 rectum ; bei Weibern, durch die Scheide, 
 
 in women, per vaginam, 
 Blasenstich oberhalb der Schambeinver- 
 
 bindung, above symphysis pubis, 
 Blasenvorfall, cystoptosis, Cystoptose. 
 Blasenwiirm, m., Hydatis, Hydatide. 
 Blasenwiirmerbruch, hydatidocele, Hyda- 
 
 tidocele. 
 
 Blasenziehen, vesication, Ve'sication. 
 Blasenziehend, vesicatory, Ve'sicatoire. 
 Blasenziehende Mittel, vesicatories, 
 
 564 
 
 BLA 
 
 Blasenzieher, m., s. Kantharide. 
 Blaserohr, blow-pipe, Chalumeau. 
 Blasiff, adj., vesicular, Vesiculaire. 
 Blassblau, adj., pale-blue, s. Bleu. 
 Blassgelb, adj., pale-yellow, s. Jaune. 
 Blatt, Blatter, pi., leaf, leaves, Feuille. 
 Blatt, einfaches, simple leaf, 
 Blatt, eirundes, oval leaf, s. Oval. 
 Blatt, herzfarmiges, heart-shaped , s. Cor- 
 
 diforme. 
 Blatt, sabelformiges, sabre-shaped ,s.A- 
 
 cinaciforme. 
 Blatt, zusammengesetztes, compound , 
 
 s. Feuille. 
 
 Blatt'dhnlich, Blattartig,foliaceous,Foliace'. 
 Blattansatz, -ansatze, pi., stipula, Stipule. 
 Blattchen, leaflet, Foliole. 
 Blattchen, fontanelle, Fontanelle. 
 Blatter, f., Blattern, pi., pustule, pock, 
 
 Pustule. 
 Blatter, abgebrochen gefiederte, folia ab- 
 
 rupte pinnata, s. Penne. 
 Blatter, ausgeischweifte, folia emarginata. 
 Blatter, gleichpaarig gefiederte, s. Blatter, 
 
 abgebrochen gefiederte. 
 Blatter, nachenformige, folia carinata, s. 
 
 Carene. 
 Blatter den Stamm umfassende, folia am- 
 
 plexicauUa, s. Amplexicaule. 
 Blatterchen, pustule, Pustule. 
 Blattererde, s. Blattrige Weinsteinerde. 
 Bl'dttererdenliquor, m., Liquor Acetatis Po- 
 
 tassae, s. Liqueur. 
 
 Bl'dtterfall, m., s. Abfallen der Blatter. 
 Blattergrube, -narbe, f., pock-hole, pock-scar, 
 
 5. Variole. 
 Blatterige Weinsteinerde, s. Essigsaures 
 
 Kali. 
 
 Blatteriges Weinsteinsalz, same, 
 Bldtterfmospe, Blattknospe, , gemma folii- 
 
 fera, s. Bourgeon. 
 
 Blalterkraut, n., II. acris, s. Renoncule. 
 B latteries, Blattlos, leafless, Aphylle. 
 Blattermagen, omasus, Feuillet. 
 Blattern, hitzige, ignis volaU, Feu volage. 
 Blattern, unachte, falsche, fliegende, s. 
 
 Schaf- oder Schweinpocken. 
 Blattern, zusammenfliessende, confluent 
 
 small-pox, s. Confluent. 
 Blatternarbig, adj., pitted with smalhpox, 
 Blatterneimpfung, f, inoculation with , s. 
 
 Inoculation. 
 
 Blatternfieber, s. Blasenfieber. 
 Blatterrose, f., Erysipehts bullosum, s. Ery- 
 sipelas. 
 
 Bl'dtterschwamm, m., Agaricus, Agaric. 
 Bl'dttertragend, adj., fohiferous, Foliifere. 
 Blatterzug, m., s. Waldrebe aufrechte. 
 BlaUfallen,Blatlschiessen t n ., siriasis, Siriase. 
 Blattfederchen, plumule, Plumule. 
 Blattformigi adj., foliiform, Foliiforme. 
 Blattfressend, adj., phyllophagous, Phyllo- 
 
 phage. 
 
 Blattgold, n., leaf-gold, Or en feuilles. 
 Blattgriln, harziges, 5. Chlorophyll.
 
 BLE 
 
 Blatthautchen, ligula, Languette. 
 
 Blattkafer, Chrysomela, Chrysomele. 
 
 Blattkaferchen, n., Blattlausk'dfer, m., Coc- 
 cinella, Coccinelle. 
 
 Bldttleinchen, n., leaflet of a tripinnated 
 leaf, Foliolellule. 
 
 Blattraupe, f., -raupen, pi., phyllophagous 
 catterpillar, s. Chenille. 
 
 Blattreich, leafy, Feuillu. 
 
 Blattrig, Blatterig, foliated, Feuille'. 
 
 Blattsiiber, silver-leaf, s. Argent. 
 
 Blattstandig, attached to leaves, Foliaire. 
 
 Blattstiel, petiole, Pe'tiole. 
 
 Blau, blue, Bleu. 
 
 Blaubart, m., Mytilus edulis.s. Moule. 
 
 Blaubeere, f., Vaccinium myrt., s. Airelle. 
 
 Blaue Flecken, Striemen, pi., ecchymo- 
 sis, Ecchymome. 
 
 Blaue Krankheit, s. Blausucht. 
 
 Blaue Schwertlilie, Iris germanica, s. Iris. 
 
 JBlaues Augenwasser,bl\ie eye-water, solu- 
 tion of acetate of copper. 
 
 Blaues Veilchen, Viola odorata, s. Vlole. 
 
 Blauholz, s. CampeschehoLz. 
 
 Blaukbpfig, adj., blue-headed, Cyanoce'- 
 phale. 
 
 Blaulilie, f., s. Blaue Schwertlilie. 
 
 Blaumutze, Centaurea cyanus, s. Centauree. 
 
 Blausaure, hydrocyanic acid, s. Hydrocya- 
 nate. 
 
 Blausaure Salze, hydrocyanates, 
 
 BlausauresEisen,hjArocyan. of iron, s.Fer. 
 
 Blausaures Quecksilber, Quecksilber- 
 oxyd, of quicksilver, s. Mercur. 
 
 Blaustein, m., blue vitriol, s. Vitriol. 
 
 Blaustoff, s. Kyanogen. 
 
 Blaustoffwasserstoffsaure, f., s. Blausaure. 
 
 Blausucht, cyanopathy, Cyanopathie. 
 
 Blausucht, eiterige, cyanosis purulenta, 
 
 Blautaube, f., Colomba oenas, s. Pigeon. 
 
 Blei, Bley, lead, Plomb. 
 
 Blei, essigsaures, acetate of lead, 
 
 Blei, kohlensaures, carbonate of , 
 
 Bleibalsam, m., s. Bleiextract. 
 
 Bleibend, persistent, Persistant. 
 
 Bleichsucht, chlorosis, Chlorosis. 
 
 Bleicolik, f., lead-colick, s. Colique. 
 
 Bleiessig, n., acetum lithargyri,s. Litharge. 
 
 Bleiextract, n., extract of lead, 
 
 Bleiglanz, s. Graphit. 
 
 Bleiglatte, lithargyrum, Litharge. 
 
 Bleiol, n., a solution of acetate of lead hi 
 oil of turpentine, s. Plomb. 
 
 Bleioxyd, n., oxyde of lead, 
 
 Bleioxyd, kohlensaures oder carbonsaures> 
 s. Blei, kohlensaures. 
 
 Bleioxyd, rothes, red oxide , s. Plomb. 
 
 Bleioxydul, sauresessigsaures,s. Blei, essig- 
 saures. 
 
 Bleisafran, m., s. Bleioxyd, rothes. 
 
 Bleisalbe, f., Ceratum plumbi, s. Plomb. 
 
 Bleiwasser, Subacetas plumbi liquidus, 
 
 Bleiweiss, carbonate or lead, Ceruse. 
 
 Bleiweisspflaster, plaster of , s. Plomb. 
 
 Bleiweisssalbe, ointment of , . 
 
 555 
 
 BLU 
 
 leizinnober,m., s. Bleioxyd, rothes. 
 
 Bleizucker, s. Blei, essigsaures. 
 
 Blendbaum, m., Excoscaria agallocha, . 
 Agalloche. 
 
 Blendung, dazzling, Eblouissement. 
 
 Blendung, f., iris of the eye, Iris. 
 
 Blendungsknoten, s. Augenknoten. 
 
 Blendungsnerven, pi., nervi ciliares, s. Cili- 
 aire. 
 
 Blendungsnerven,lange, nervi ciliar.longi, 
 
 Blendungsschlagadern^l., arterise ciliar., 
 
 Blennorrhagie, f., blennorrhagia, Blenno- 
 rrhagie. 
 
 Blennorrhoe, blennorrhosa, Blenorrhde. 
 
 Btennorrhoisch, adj., blennorrhoic, 
 
 Bley, Bleye, f., Abramis brama, Breme. 
 
 Bleyerz, oder Bleierx, n., lead-ore, s. Plomb. 
 
 Bleyweiss, s. Bleiweiss. 
 
 Bleywurz, f., s. Graphit. 
 
 Blicke, f., Cyprinus alburnus, *. Cyprin. 
 
 Blind, blind, Aveugle. 
 
 Blinddarm, od. blinder Darin, coecum in- 
 testinum, 
 
 Blinddarmsaft, m., succus entericus cceci, 
 s. Sue. 
 
 Elindes Loch, foramen coacum, s. Aveugle. 
 
 Blind-Grimmschlagader, f., arteria ileocoli- 
 ca, s. Ileo-Colique. 
 
 Blindheit, blindness, Cecite". 
 
 Blindheit in die Feme, s. Kurzsichtigkeit. 
 
 Blindschleiche, f., Blindwurm, m., Anguis 
 fragilis, s. Fragile. 
 
 Blinzeln, Blinzen mit den Augen, nictita- 
 tion, winking with theeyes.Clignement. 
 
 Blinzhaut, nictitating membrane, s. Clig- 
 notant. 
 
 Blitz, lightning, Eclair. 
 
 Blitzableiter, m., lightning-rod, 
 
 BHtzend, adj., s. KM al lend. 
 
 Blitxkatarrh, m., influenza, Influence. 
 
 Blitzpulver, m., s. Knallpulver. 
 
 Blitzstrahl, m., flash of lightning, s. Eclair. 
 
 Blodsichtig, adj., weak-sighted, s. Faible. 
 
 Blb'dsichtigkeit, weakness of vision, 
 
 Blodsinn, Blodsinnigkeit, f., mental imbeci- 
 lity, Anoie. 
 
 Blodsinnig, adj., imbecile, 
 
 Bloss, adj., naked, Nu. 
 
 Bluhen, v., to blossom, flower, Fleurir- 
 
 Bliihend, adj., flowering, 
 
 Bliimchen, floret, Fleuron. 
 
 Blumchenblume, f., flos tubulosus, 
 
 Blume, Blumen, pi., flower, Fleur. 
 
 Blumen, chemische, chemical flowers, 
 
 Blumen, geh'dufte, aggregate , s. Aggregi. 
 
 Blumen, mannlose, flores anandri,s.^(nanrf/-e. 
 
 Blumen, staubeutellose, flowers without sta- 
 mens, 
 
 Blumen, zusammengeseizle, compound flow- 
 ers, s. Compose. 
 
 Blumenbecher, flower-cup, Calice. 
 
 Blumenbeh'dltniss, n., -boden, m., floral re- 
 ceptacle, s. Receptacle. 
 
 Blumenblatt, petal, Petale. 
 
 Blumenbohne, f., Phaseolus vulg.,.//nco/.
 
 BLU 
 
 Blumendecke, perianth, Perianthe. 
 
 Blumenentfaltung, act, or condition, of 
 flowering, Fleuraison. 
 
 Blumenfade, f., -f'dden, pi., s. Staubfade. 
 
 Blumenkelch, calyx, Calice. 
 
 Blumenknospe, f., gemma florifera, s. Bour- 
 geon. 
 
 Blumenkolbe, spadix, Spadice. 
 
 Blumenkrone, corolla, Corolle. 
 
 Blumenkronenblatt, s. Blumenblatt. 
 
 Blumenkronenblattahnlich, -formig, peta- 
 loid, petaliform, Pe'taliforme. 
 
 Blumenmehl, n., s. Blumenstaub. 
 
 Blumenscheide, spatha, Spathe. 
 
 Blumenstand, m., s. Bliithenstand. 
 
 Blumenstaub, pollen, Pollen. 
 
 Blumenslein, m., fossil with impressions of 
 flowers. 
 
 Blumenstiel, flower-stalk, Pedoncule. 
 
 Blumenstrauss, thyrsus, Thyrse. 
 
 Blumenvogel, m., Papilio, s. Papilionides. 
 
 Blumenzwiebel, bulb, Bulbe. 
 
 Blut, blood, Sang. 
 
 Blut, ausgetretenes, extravasated blood, s. 
 Extravase. 
 
 Blutabscess, m., abscessus sanguis, s. Abces. 
 
 Blutader, -adern, pi., vein, Veine. 
 
 Blutaderbruch, m., varicocele, Varicocele. 
 
 Blutaderknoten, varix, Varice. 
 
 Blutaderkrankheit, f., vein-disease, s. Veine. 
 
 Blutadernetz, n., venous plexus, s. Plexus. 
 
 Blutahnlich, haematoid, He'matode. 
 
 Blutampfer, m., Rumex sanguineus 3 s. O- 
 seille. 
 
 Blutanh'dufung, f., congestion of blood, *. 
 Congestion. 
 
 Blutauge, haemalopia, Hemalopie. 
 
 Blutausleerend, adj., hsemagogue, Hema- 
 gogue. 
 
 Blutausleerende Mittel, pi., haemagogues, 
 
 Blutbad, n., blood-bath, s. Bain. 
 
 Blutbehalter des harten Hirnhaut, sinus- 
 es of dura mater, s. Sinus; 
 
 Blutbereitung, hsematosis, He'matose. 
 
 Blutbcschreibung, f., haematography, Hd- 
 matographie. 
 
 Blutbewegung, motion of the blood, s. He- 
 masta.tique. 
 
 Blutbrechen, hsematemesis, He'matemese. 
 
 Blutbruch, haematocele, Hematocele. 
 
 Slutdruse, f., s. Blutgefassknoten. 
 
 Blutegel, Blutigel, Hirudo, Sangsue. 
 
 Bluteinspritzung, , transfusio sanguinis, *. 
 Transfusion. 
 
 Bluten, n., $. Blutfluss. 
 
 Blutergiessung, effusion of blood, s. Effu- 
 sion. 
 
 Blutergiessung in den Gelenken, effusion 
 of blood into the joints, 
 
 Blutergiessung ins Zellgewebe, into the 
 cellular texture, Ecchymome. 
 
 Bluterzeugung, f., *. Blutbereitung. 
 
 Blutfarbig, adj., s. Blutroth. 
 
 Blutfteckenkrankheit, f., haemorrhoea pete- 
 chialis, s. Hemorrhoe. 
 556 
 
 BLU 
 
 Blutfluss, haemorrhage, Hemorrhage. 
 Blutjiuss, acliver, active , 
 Blutfl. des Afters, s. Afterblutfluss. 
 Blutfl. durch Anastomose, haemorrhage 
 
 from anastomosis, s. Anastomose. 
 Blutfl. der Arterien, arterial haemorrhage, s. 
 
 Arteriel. 
 
 Blutfl.,asthenischer,&sihemc j.Asthinique. 
 Blutfl. des Auges, s. Ophthalmorrhagie. 
 Blutfl. aus denChoanen, haemorrhage from 
 
 posterior nares, Choanorrhagie. 
 BlutH. der Gebarmutter, s. Gebarmutter- 
 
 blutfluss. 
 
 Blutfl. der Gedarme, s. Ente'rorrhagie- 
 Blutfl. des Gehirns, s. Hirnblutfluss. 
 Blutfl., innerlicher, internal haemorrhage, 
 
 s. Hemorrhagie. 
 Blutfl. der L,eber, haemorrhage from the 
 
 liver, Hepatirrhagie. 
 Blutfl. der Luftrohre, tracheorrhagia, 
 
 Trache'orrhagie. 
 
 Blutfl. der Lungen, s. Lungenblutfluss. 
 Blutfl. des Magens, gastrorrhagia, Gas- 
 
 trorrhagie. 
 
 Blutfl. der Milz, s. Milzblutfluss. 
 Blutfl. der Mundhohle, s. Mundblutfluss. 
 Blutfl. der Nase, rhinorrhagia, Rhinorrha- 
 
 gie. 
 
 Blutfl. der Ohren, s. Ohrblutfluss. 
 Blutfl. der Mutterscheide, s. Mutter- 
 
 scheidenblutfluss. 
 
 Blutfl., sthenischer, sthenic haemorrhage, 
 s. Sthenique. 
 
 Blutfl., verborgener, concealed haemor- 
 rhage, s. Hemorrhage. 
 Blutfl., vicariirender, vicarious , 
 Blutfl. der Zahne, odontorrhage, Odontor- 
 
 rhagie. 
 Blutfl. der Zahnhohlen, alveolar , s. Al- 
 
 veolaire. 
 
 Blutgang, m., menorrhagia, Menorrhagie. 
 Blutgefass, -geftisse, pi., blood-vessel, s. 
 
 Sanguin. 
 Blulgefassknoten, m., ganglion vasculare, s. 
 
 Ganglion. 
 Blutgefasskrankheit, f., angeiopathia, An- 
 
 ge'iopathie. 
 Blutgef'dssverknochcrung, f. ossification of 
 
 blood-vessels, He'madostose. 
 Blutgefassverstojifuny, f, obstruction of 
 
 blood-vessels, s. Aiujcmphraxie. 
 Blutgeschwiilst, f., sanguineous tumour, s. 
 
 Hematocele. 
 
 Blutgeschwur, n., boil, Furoncle. 
 Blutharnen, haematuria, Hematurie. 
 Bliithe, f., Bliithen, pi., s. Blume. 
 Bliithenblatt, n., -blatter, pi., floral leaf, *. 
 
 Floral. 
 
 Bliithendecke, s. Blumendecke. 
 Bliithenstand.inflorescence, Inflorescence. 
 Bliithenstiel, s. Blumenstiel. 
 Bliithentraube, raceme, Grappe. 
 Bliithezeit, time of flowering, Fleuraison. 
 Bliithknospe, *. Blumenknospe. 
 Bluthodensacksbruch s. Blutbruch.
 
 BLU 
 
 Blutholz, 5. Campescheholz. 
 Bluthusten, s. Blutspeien. 
 Blutig, bloody, H&natode, Sanguinolent. 
 Blutiger Eiter, bloody pus, 
 Blutiger Harn, bloody urine, 
 Blutiger Stuhlgang, bloody stool, Hema- 
 
 toche'sie. 
 
 Blutkasten, m., s. Herz. 
 Blutkornchen, -kugclchen, pi., globuli san- 
 
 guinis, s. Globule. 
 Blutkrebs des Uterus, fungus medullaris 
 
 uteri, s. Midullaire. 
 
 Blutkuchen, sanguinis coagulum, Caillot. 
 Blutlassen, n., blood-letting, 
 Blutleer, adj., s. Blutlos. 
 Blutleerkeit, f., s. Blutmangel. 
 Blutlehre, hsematology, Hematologie. 
 Blutleiter der harten Hirnhaut, sinuses 
 
 of dura mater, s. Sinus. 
 Bliitling, m., Agaricus deliciosus, s. Agaric. 
 Blutlos, adj., bloodless, Exsangue. 
 Blutmachend, haematopoietic, He'matopoi- 
 
 etique. 
 
 Blutmangel, anaemia, Anemie. 
 Blutnabelbruch,hsematomphalum,Hema- 
 
 tomphale. 
 Blutreinigend, adj., blood-purifying, He- 
 
 matocathartique. 
 Blutreinigung, f., purification of the blood, 
 
 He'matocatharse. 
 Blutroth, blood-red, Sanguin. 
 Blutsauger, m., s. Blutegel. 
 Blutsauger, m., Vespertilio spectrum. 
 Blutschau, haemorrhoscopy, Hemorrho- 
 
 scopie. 
 
 Blutscheu, haemaphoby, Hdmaphobie. 
 Blutschlagfluss, sanguineous apoplexy, s. 
 
 Apopleme. 
 Blutschwamm, m., Fungus haematodes, s. 
 
 Hematode. 
 
 Blutschwamm, Boletus sanguineus, s. Bolet. 
 Blutschwdr, m., s. Furunkel. 
 Blutschw'dr, eiternder, same, 
 Blutschwitzen, n., haemathidrosis, 
 Blutserum, s. Blutwasser. 
 Blutspeien, haemoptysis, Hemoptysie. 
 Blutstein, blood-stone, He'matite. 
 Blutslicl, m., Galium verum, s. Gaillet. 
 i?/Mte<ii/end,adj.,haemastatic,He'mastatique. 
 Blutstillende Mittel, haemastatics, 
 Blutstreifen, Blutstriemen, pi., vibices, s. 
 
 Enchymome. 
 
 Blutsturz, n., s. Blutfluss. 
 Blutuberleitung, f., s. Bluteinspritzung. 
 Blutumlauf, s. Kreislauf. 
 Blutung, f., Blutungen, pi., s. Blutfluss. 
 Blutung beim Bauchstich, haemorrhage in 
 
 paracentesis abdominis, 
 Blutung der Blase, s. Harnblasenblutung. 
 Blut. der Harnleiter, ureterorrhagia, U- 
 
 reterorrhagie. 
 
 Blut. der Harnrohre, s. Harnrb'hrenblutfl. 
 Blut. der Nieren, s. Nierenblutfluss. 
 Blut. der Samenblaschen, haemorrhage 
 from vesicula? seminales, 
 
 557 
 
 BOR 
 
 BJutung aus den Speiserohre, oesophago- 
 
 rrhagia, CEsophagorrhagie. 
 Blut. der Vorsteherdriise, haemorrhage 
 
 from prostate gland, s. Prostate. 
 Blutunterlaufung, s. Blutauge. 
 Blutverdickung, f., pachaemia, Pachye'mie. 
 Blutverrirung, f., deviation of the blood, s. 
 
 Deviation. 
 
 Blutwasser, serum of blood, s. Serum. 
 Blutwurzel, f., radix Tormentillae, s. Tor- 
 
 mentille. 
 
 Bock, Capra hircus, Bouc. 
 Bock am Ohre, *. Ohrecke. 
 Bockkafer, m., Cerambyx, Capricorne. 
 Bocklein, n., s. Ziegenbbchlein. 
 Bocksauge, s. Geisauge. 
 Bocksbart, m., Tragopogon, Salsifi. 
 Bocksbeerenstrauch, m., Ribes nigrum, *, 
 
 Groseillier. 
 
 Bocksdorn, m., A. tragacantha, s. Astragals. 
 Bocksgestank, s. Acnselgestank. 
 Bockshorn, Trigonella foanum graecum, 
 
 Fenu-Grec. 
 
 Bockshornsame ? m., semen T. foeni graeci, 
 Bodenbein, n., s. Hinterhauptbein. 
 Bodenmehl, m., faecula, Fe'cule. 
 Bodensatz, m., sediment, Sediment. 
 Bodensatz im Harne, im Urin, sedimen- 
 
 tum urinae, Hypostase. 
 Bodensatz, kleienartiger , furfuraceous 
 
 sediment , s. Furfurace. 
 Bogen, arch, Arc. 
 Bogen der Aorta, s. Aortenbogen. 
 Bogenbaum, m., Taxus baccata, s. If. 
 Bogengang, -gange, pi., semicircular canal, 
 
 canals, s. Canal. 
 
 Bogenformiff, f., arched, Cambre. 
 Bogengang, ausserer, oberer, unterer, 
 
 external , superior , inferior , 
 Bogenrohre, f., -rohren, pi., s. Bogengang. 
 Bohmisches Bittersalz, sulphate of soda, s. 
 
 Sulfate. 
 
 Bohne, f., bean, Feve. 
 Bohnenbaum, breitbl'dtteriger, Cytisus labur- 
 num, s. Cytise. 
 
 Bohnengeschwullst, f., lupia, Loupe. 
 Bohnenstrauch, m., s. Bohnenbaum. 
 Bohrkafer, Ptinus, Ptin. 
 Bohrwurm, m., Teredo navalis, Taret. 
 Bolus, armenischer, Bolarerde, bole arme- 
 
 niac, s. Bol. 
 
 Bombardierkafer, B. crepitans, *. Brachyn. 
 Borax, m., borax, s. Borate. 
 Boraxsaure, boracic acid, s. Bore. 
 Boraxsaure Salze, borates, s. Borate. 
 Boraxsaures Natron, sub-borateof soda, 
 Boraxsaures Sodiumoxyd, same, 
 Boraxsaures Quecksilber, sub-borate of 
 
 quicksilver, 
 Borke, f., s. Rinde. 
 Borkenkafer,m., Dermestes typographus, 
 
 s. Dermestc. 
 
 Boron, BoraxstotF, boron, Bore. 
 Boronsaure, s. Boraxsaure. 
 Borragon, Borretsch, Borago, Bourrache.
 
 BRA 
 
 Borste, Borsten, pi., bristle, Sole. 
 JBorstenflosse, , Clupea thrissa, s. Clvpie. 
 Borstenformig, bristle-shaped, Setace. 
 Borstemourm, m.,Gordius aquat., s. FUaire. 
 Borstig, bristly, Se'teux. 
 Bosartig, adj., malignant, Mai in. 
 Bb'sarlige Krankheiten, diseases, 
 Bosartiges Fieber, fever, 
 Bosartiges Geschwur, sore, s. Cacoethe. 
 Bosartigkeit, malignity, Malignite. 
 Base Geschwure, pL, bad sores, s. Ulcere. 
 Bose Safte, pi., humours, s. Humeur. 
 Botallischer Gang, ductus arter., s. Canal. 
 Botattisches Loch, foramen ovale, s. Botal. 
 Botanik, botany, Botanique. 
 Botaniker, botanist, Botaniste. 
 Botanisch, botanical, s. Botanique. 
 Bouillontafel, m., -tafeln, pi., tabula , ta- 
 bulae gelatin te, s. Bouillon. 
 Brack-, Brakendistel, m., s. Feldmannstreu. 
 Brachwurm, m, larva of Melolontha vul- 
 
 garis, Ver blanc, de bid 
 Brand, s. Verbrennung. 
 Brand, gangrsena, Gangrene. 
 Brand durch Aufliegen, e decubitu, 
 Brand im Auge, anthracosis oculi vel pal- 
 
 pebrarum, Anthracose. 
 Brand, ausserlicher, external gangrene, s. 
 
 Gangrene. 
 Brand durch schwarze Blatter, gangrene 
 
 from malignant pustule, 
 Brand, contagioser, contagious gangrene, 
 Brand, entz'undlicher, inflammatory , 
 Brand, feuchter, moist gangrene, 
 Brand durch Frostbeulen, gangrene from 
 
 chilblains, 
 
 Brand, heisser, hot gangrene, 
 Brand in Hospit'dlern, s. Hospitalbrand. 
 Brand, innerlicher, internal , 
 Brand, kalter, cold , 
 Brand, schmerzloser, without pain, 
 Brand, trockener, dry gangrene, 
 Brand durch Verbrennung, gangrene from 
 
 a burn, ^ 
 
 Brandjieber, febris gangrsenosa, s. Gangre- 
 
 neux. 
 
 Brandicht, n., empyreuma, Erapyreume. 
 Brandig, gangrenous, Gangrdneux. 
 Brandige Holzsaure, impure acetic acid, . 
 
 Acetique. 
 
 Brandiges Geschwur, gangrenous sore, 
 Brandiges Korn, Secale cornutum, s. Seiyle. 
 Brandlattich, Brandlattig, m., Tussilago 
 
 farfara, s. Tussilage. 
 Brandschaden, n., s. Verbrennung. 
 Brandschorf, escar, Eschare. 
 Branstig, adj., s. Brenxlicht. 
 Brantwein, brandy, Eau-de-Vie. 
 Brassen, Abramis brama, s. Breme. 
 Braune, angina, Angine. 
 Braune der Brust, s. Brustbraune. 
 Braune, bosartige oder brandige, angbia 
 
 maligna vel gangrsenosa, s. Angine. 
 Braune, eiterige, suppurative angina, 
 Braune, en tziindliche, inflammatory , 
 558 
 
 BRE 
 
 Braune, exanthematische, exanthematotis 
 
 angina, .s. Angine. 
 
 Braune des Gaumens, angina palati, 
 Braune hautige, membranosa, Croup. 
 Braune, katarrhalische, catarrhalis, .-. 
 
 Angine. 
 
 Braune des Kehldeckels, epiglottidis, 
 Braune der M andeln, tonsillaris, 
 Braune des Schlundes, pharyngea, 
 Braune des Zapfens, uvularis, 
 Braunfisch, m., Phocaena, Marsouin. 
 Braungekochter Zucker, burnt sugar, Ca- 
 ramel. 
 Braunrother Spiessglanzschwefel, red hy- 
 
 dro-sulphuret of antimony, s. Antimoine. 
 Braunstein, -metall, manganese, 
 Braunstein, essigsaures, acetate of , 
 Braunsteinoxyd, oxyde of , 
 Braunsteinoxyd, salzsaures, muriate 
 
 chloride of manganese, 
 Braunsteinoxyd, schwefelsaures, sulphate 
 
 of manganese, 
 
 Braunwurz, Scrophularia, Scrofulaire. 
 Braun w., knotige od. gemeine, S. nodosa, 
 Braunw. Wasser-, s. Wasser-Braunwurz. 
 Braunwurzpflanzen,Scrophularineae.Scro- 
 
 fularine'es. 
 Brausen der Ohren, tinnitus aurium, Tin- 
 
 touin. 
 
 Brausende Talker de oder B Merer de, carbo- 
 nate of magnesia, s. Magnisie. 
 Brechbecher, poculum emetic., s. Gobelet. 
 Brechdurchfall, m., s. Brechruhr. 
 Brechenerregend, adj., emetic, Eme'tique. 
 Brechenerregende Mittel, pi., s. BrechmitteL 
 Brechfliege, f, M. vomitoria, s. Mouche. 
 Brechmittel, pi., emetics, s. Emetique. 
 Brechmittellehre, emetology, Emetologic. 
 Brechnuss, nux vomica, s. JVoir. 
 Brechnussbaum, amerikanischer, s. Purgi- 
 
 ernussbaum. 
 Brech- und Purgier- Mittel, pi., emeto-ca- 
 
 thartic remedies, s. Emelo-Cathartique. 
 Brechpurgiren, emeto-catharsis, 
 Brechquecksilber, s. Quecksilberoxyd, 
 
 gelbes schwefelsaures. 
 Brechruhr, cholera, Chole'ra. 
 BrechstofF, emetine, Emetine- 
 BrechvUriol-, m., white vitriol, s. Vitriol. 
 Brechwein, s. Spiessglanzwein. 
 Brechweinstein, s. Spiessglanzhaltiges 
 
 weinsteinsaures Kali. 
 Brechwurzel, Ipecacuanha, Ipecacuanha. 
 Brechwurzelextract, *. Brechstoif. 
 Brechwurzelpulver, zusammengesetztes, 
 
 comp. Ipecac.-powder, s. Ipecacuanha. 
 Brechwurzelsyrup, -syrup, 
 Brechwurzelwein, -wine, 
 Brei, gruel, Bouillie. 
 Breigeschwulst, atheroma, Atherome. 
 Breit, broad, Large. 
 Breitblatterichter oder Breitblatteriger 
 
 Wassermerk, Sium latifolium, s. Berk. 
 Breitblatterig, broad-leaved, Latifolie'. 
 Breite, f., latitude, Latitude.
 
 BRO 
 
 Breite Binde, fascia lata, *. Fascia. 
 
 Breite Mutterbander, ligamenta lata ute- 
 ri, s. Large. 
 
 Breiter Halsmuskel, Platysma myoides, 
 Beaucier. 
 
 Breiter Krevxmuskel des Riickens, Sacro- 
 lumbalis, s. Sacro-Lombaire. 
 
 Breiter Riickenmuskel, Latissimus dorsi, 
 s. Dorsal. 
 
 Breiter Wegerich, s. Wegerich, grosser. 
 
 Breitmorchel, f., M. esculenta, s. Morille. 
 
 Breiumschlag, cataplasm, Cataplasme. 
 
 Breiumschlag, adstringirender, astringent 
 cataplasm, 
 
 Breiumschl., beruhigender, sedative , 
 
 Breiumschl., reizender, stimulant , 
 
 Breiumschl., sauerlicher, acidulous , 
 
 BreiumschL, scharfer, acrid , 
 
 BreiumschL,schmerzstillender,anodyne, 
 
 Breme, Bremse, (Estrus, (Estre. 
 
 Brennbar, adj., combustible, Combustible. 
 
 Brennbarkeit, f., combustibility, Combus- 
 tibilite". 
 
 Brennborstig, s. Brennhaarig. 
 
 Brenncylinder, moxa, Moxa. 
 
 Brenneisen, actual cautery, s. Cautere. 
 
 Brennen, v., to cauterize, Cauteriser. 
 
 Brennen, n., cauterization, Cauterisation. 
 
 Brennen in Magen, pyrosis, s. Ardeur. 
 
 Brennend, adj., burning, Brulant. 
 
 Brennende Arzneien, Brennmittel, pi., 
 caustic remedies, s. Cautere. 
 
 Brennende Hitze, burning heat, Ardeur. 
 
 Brennender Harn, urina ardeus,s.Ardent. 
 
 Brennessel, Urtica, Ortie. 
 
 Brennessel, grosse, romische, kleine, 
 U. dioica, pilulifera, urens, 
 
 Brennfieber, ardent fever, Causus. 
 
 Brennglas, n., burning lens, s. Lentille. 
 
 Brennhaar, -haare, pL, s. Brennspitze. 
 
 Brennhaarig, furnished with stinging- 
 hairs, Stimuleux. 
 
 Brennhelm, m., head of still, Chapiteau. 
 
 Brennkolben, m., s. Destillirkolben. 
 
 Brennofen, furnace, Fourneau. 
 
 Brennpunkt, focus, Foyer. 
 
 Brennspitze, -spitzen, pi., stinging-hair, 
 -hairs, Stimule. 
 
 Brenzharnsaure, pyro-uric acid, s. Pyro- 
 Urique. 
 
 Brenzlich, Brenzlicht,empyreumatic,Em- 
 pyreumatique. 
 
 Brenzliche Oele, empyreumatic oils, 
 
 Brenzlicher Geruch, odour, 
 
 Brenzlicher Geschmack, flavour, 
 
 Bretspielblume, Fritillaria, Jb'ritillaire. 
 
 Bricke, f., s. Vluss-Lamprete. 
 
 Briesel, s. Brustdriise. 
 
 Briestmilch, Biestmilch, beestings, Colos- 
 trum. 
 
 Brille, spectacles, Besides. 
 
 Brillenschlange, f., Coluber naja, Serpent a 
 lunettes. 
 
 Brod, bread, Pain. 
 
 Brod, ungesauertes, unleavened bread, 
 
 559 
 
 BRU 
 
 Brodbaum, Artocarpus, Jaquier. 
 
 Brodbaum mit eingeschnittenen Blattern, 
 Artocarpus incisa, s. Jaquier. 
 
 firodbaum, indianischer, s. Sagubauni. 
 
 BroMrei, m., Brodbriihe, f., panado,Panade. 
 
 Brodgahrung, panary fermentation, s. Pa- 
 naire. 
 
 Brodkrume, bread-cmmb, s. Medulle. 
 
 Brodkiimmel, s. Feldkiimmel. 
 
 Brodrinde, f., crusta panis, s. Pain. 
 
 Brodrindenjifliiste>;n.,~Emp[astrum de crus- 
 ta panis, 
 
 Brodschwamm, in., B. medulla paxua,s.Bolet. 
 
 Brodwurm, m., Blatta, Blatte. 
 
 jBrona<o%ie,f.,bromatology,Bromatologie. 
 
 Brombeere, f., fruit of R. f ruticosus, s. 
 
 Brombeerstaude, Brombeerstrauch, Rub- 
 us fruticosus, s. Rome. 
 
 Bromsaure, bromic acid, s. Brome. 
 
 Bromsaure Salze, bromates, s. Bromate. 
 
 BronchialblvJadern, pL, bronchial veins, s. 
 Bronchial. 
 
 Bronchialdrusen, pL, glands, 
 
 Bronchialschlagadern, pi., arteries, 
 
 Bronchien, bronchi, s. Bronche. 
 
 Bronchitis, bronchitis, Bronchite. 
 
 Bronchocele, f., s. Kropf. 
 
 Bronchotom,bronchotomus,Bronchotome. 
 
 Bronchotomie,bronchotomy,Bronchotomie 
 
 Brownianismus, m., brunonism,Brownisme. 
 
 Bruch, fracture, Cassure. 
 
 Bruch, hernia, Hernie. 
 
 Bruch, angeborner, congenital hernia, 
 
 Bruch, angewachsener, adherent , 
 
 Bruch, ausserer, external , . 
 
 Bruch, beweglicher, reducible , 
 
 Bruch, brandiger, sphacelated , 
 
 Bruch, eingeklemmter, incarcerated , '_ 
 
 Bruch, entziindeter, inflamed , 
 
 Bruch, erworbener, accidental , . 
 
 Bruch, falscher, spurious , 
 
 Bruch, innerer, internal , 
 
 Bruch der Knochen, s. Knochenbruch. 
 
 Bruch des eiformigen Loches, hernia fo- 
 raminis ovalis, s. Bernie. 
 
 Bruch an den Schamlefzen, labii puden- 
 di muliebris, 
 
 Bruch, unbeweglicher, irreduc. hernia, 
 
 Bruch veralteter, inveterate , 
 
 Bruch des Zwerchfells, hernia of the dia- 
 phragm, _ 
 
 Brucharzt, rupture-surgeon, s. Herniaire. 
 
 Bruchband, -bander, pi., truss, Brayer. 
 
 Bruchsack, hernia! sac, s. Herniaire. 
 
 Bntchsackboden, m., fundus of , 
 
 Bruchsackhals, m., neck of , 
 
 Bruchsachmundung, f., mouth of, 
 
 Bruchschnitt, m., s. Herniotomie- 
 
 Bruchweide, f, Salix fragilis, s. Saule. 
 
 Briicke im Gehirn, varolische, pons Va- 
 rolii, Pont. 
 
 Briickchen, der Rattiengrube, ponticulus si- 
 nus rhomboidei. 
 
 Briickenarm od. Briickenschenkel,m.,crus 
 cerebelli ad pontem.
 
 BRU 
 
 Briihe, broth, Bouillon. 
 
 Brunfi, oder Brunst, cestrum venereum, 
 
 vel veneris, s. Chaleur. 
 Brunft-, oder Brunstzeit, f., rutting-season, 
 
 s. (Estromanie. 
 Srunnenkresse, f., Nasturtium officinale, 
 
 olini Sisymbrium nasturt., s. Cresson. 
 Brunnenwasser, s. Quellwasser. 
 Brust, pectus, s. Pectoral. 
 Brustaorte, thoracic aorta, s. Thorachique. 
 Brustaortengettecht, n., plexus aorticus 
 
 thoracicus, s. Aortique. 
 Brustarzneien, pi., s. Brustmittel. 
 Brustbein, sternum, Sternum. 
 Bntstbeindriisen, pi., glandulae sternales, s. 
 
 Sternal. 
 B rustbeindurchbohrung, f., perforation of 
 
 the sternum, s. Trepanation. 
 Brustbeinmuskel, dreieckiger, Triangula- 
 
 ris sterni, s. Triangulaire. 
 Brustbeinrippengelenke, pi., sterno-costal 
 
 articulations, s. Sterno-Costal. 
 Brustbeinschildmuskel,Sterno-thyroideus, 
 
 s. Sterno-Thyro'idien. 
 Brustbeinschliisselgelenk, sterno -clavicu- 
 
 lar articulation, s. Sterno-Claviculaire. 
 Brustblutadern, pi., s. Brustvenen. 
 Brustbraune, angina pectoris, Stenocardie. 
 Brustbruch, -briiche, pi., thoracic hernia, 
 
 hernise, s. Hernie. 
 Brustdruse, f., mammary gland, s. Mam- 
 
 maire. 
 
 Brustdruse, thymus gland, Thymus. 
 Briiste, pi., breasts, s. Mamelle. 
 Brusterschutterung, f., concussion of the 
 
 thorax, s. Commotion. 
 Briisteschlagadern, pL, arteries of mammary 
 
 gland, s. Mammaire. 
 Brustfedern, f., pL, pectoral feathers, s. 
 
 Pectoral. 
 
 Brustfell, -felle, pi., pleura, pleurae, Pie vre. 
 Brustfellentziindung, s. Pleuresie. 
 Brustfellsack, sack of pleura, s. Plevre. 
 Brustfellsack, rechter und linker, right 
 
 and left sack , 
 
 Brustflosse, -flossen, pi., fin, s. Nageoire. 
 Brustfb'rmige Kb'rper, pL, corpora mamil- 
 
 laria, s. Mamillalre. 
 
 Brustf b'rmiger Fortsatz,s. Zitzenfortsatz. 
 Brustgang, thoracic duct, s. Thorachique. 
 Brustgeyend? f., thoracic region, 
 Brustgeschwiir, n., s. Empyem. 
 Brustglied, -glieder, pi., pectoral or tho- 
 racic limb, limbs, s. Pectoral. 
 Brusthb'hle, pectoral or thoracic cavity, 
 Brusthb'hlenwande, s. Brustwande. 
 Brusthorcher, m., s. Stethoskop. 
 Brustkasten, thorax, Thorax. 
 Brustkastennerven, hintere und vordere, ner- 
 
 vi thoracic! post, et anteriores, 
 Brustknochen, pi., bones of thorax, 
 Brustknoten, thoracic ganglion, s. Thorach- 
 ique. 
 
 Brustkrampf, s. Convulsiches Asthma. 
 Brustlatticn, T. farfara, s. Tussilaae. 
 
 560 
 
 BUX 
 
 Brustmittel, pectoral remedies, .s. Pectoral 
 
 Brustmuskel, grosser, Pectoralis major, 
 
 Brustmuskel, kleiner, Pectoralis minor, 
 
 Brustmuskel abscess, pi., abscess of pectoral 
 muscles, s. Abels. 
 
 Brustmuskeln, pi., muscles, *. Pectoral. 
 
 Brustmuskelnerven,s. Brustkastennerven. 
 
 Brustorgane,thoracic organs,*. Thorachique. 
 
 Brustsaft, linctus, Eclegme. 
 
 Brustschild, m., breast-plate, Plastron. 
 
 Brustschlagader, -schlagadern, pL, thoracic 
 arteries, s. Thorachique. 
 
 Brustschlagader, innere, internal mamma- 
 ry artery, s. Mammaire. 
 
 Brustschlusselbeinzitzenfortsatzmuskel,s. 
 Kopfnicker. 
 
 Brustschmerz,thoracodynia,Thoracodynie 
 
 Brustschulterschlagader, thoracico-hume- 
 ral artery, s. Thoracique. 
 
 Brustschwamm,m.,fungous disease of mam- 
 mary gland, s. Fongeux. 
 
 Brustscirrhus, m., scirrhus of , s. Squirrhe- 
 
 Bruststich, parac. thoracis, s. Paracentese. 
 
 Bruststuch, m., sternal piece, s. Sternum. 
 
 Brustsyrup, m., diacodion, Diacode. 
 
 Brustvenen, mammary veins, s. Mammaire. 
 
 Brustwande, thoracic parietes, s. Thorach- 
 ique. 
 
 Brustwarze, nipple, Mamelon. 
 
 Brustwarzenkreis, -ring, m., areola, Areole. 
 
 Brustwassersucht, hydrothorax, Hydro- 
 thorax. 
 
 Brustwirbel, s. Ruckenwirbel. 
 
 Brustwunde eindrinaende, a penetrating 
 wound of thorax, s. Plaie. 
 
 Brtistw., oberfl'dchliche, superficial , 
 
 Brustwurzel, s. Angelikwurzel. 
 
 BrustzungenbeinmuskeljSterno-hyoideus, 
 Stern o-Hyoidien. 
 
 Briiten, incubation, Incubation. 
 
 Briitezeit, f., season of , 
 
 Bubo, m., s. Leistenbeule. 
 
 Bubonocele, f., s. Leistenbruch. 
 
 Buch, n., s. Blattermagen. 
 
 Buchs, Buxus, Buis. 
 
 Buchsbaum, B. sempervivens, 
 
 Bikhse, capsa, Boite. 
 
 Biichsekapsel, pyxidium, Pyxide. 
 
 Buchweizen, Polygonum fagopyrum, s. 
 Renouee. 
 
 Buchwinde, P. convolvulus, 
 
 Buckel, s. Hocker. 
 
 Buckel, cyphoma, Cyphome. 
 
 Buckelkafer, m., Bruchus, Bruche. 
 
 Burgundisches Pech, Burg, pitch, s. Poix. 
 
 Biirste, brush, Brosse. 
 
 Biirstenpflanze, Carthamus, Carthame. 
 
 Butter, butter, Beurre. 
 
 Butterartig, butter-like, Butyreux. 
 
 Butterblume, (., s. Hahnenfuss. 
 
 Butterfett, butyrina,Butyrine. 
 
 Buttersaure, butyric acid, s. Butyrate. 
 
 Buttersaure Salze, butyrates, 
 
 Butterstielholz, n.,R,.frangula, s. Nerprun. 
 
 Buxbaum, m., s. Buchsbaum.
 
 c. 
 
 CAR 
 
 Cacaobaum, Theobroma, Cacaotier. 
 Cacaobohnen, oder -niisse, fruit of Theo- 
 
 broma cacao, 
 
 Cacaobutter, concrete oil of , 
 CacheJot, Calodon, Cachalot. 
 Cachou, s. Catechu. 
 Cachoukiigelchen, s. Kashukiigelchen. 
 Cactus-Familie, f., Cacti, *. Cactier. 
 Caducitdt, f., caducitas, Caducitd. 
 Caffebaum, s. Kaffebaum. 
 Cajaputbaum, Melaleuca, Mdlaleuque. 
 Cajeputol, oleum cajuputi, Caieput. 
 Calabrische Manna, Calabrian Manna, s. 
 
 Manne. 
 
 Calciniren, to calcine, Calciner. 
 Calcinirt, adj., calcined, Calcine. 
 Calcinirung, calcination, Calcination. 
 Callus, callus, Cal. 
 Callusbildung, f., formation of , 
 Calmus, Acorus calamus, Acore vrai. 
 Calmuswurzel, radix A. calami, 
 Campescheholz, lignum campechianum, s. 
 
 pechianum, Campeche. 
 Campescheholzextract, Extractum ligni 
 
 campecliiani, 
 Campher, s. Kampher. 
 Camphersaure, s. Kamphersaure. 
 Canal, s. Kanal. 
 Candelzucker, Candeszucker, m., saccha- 
 
 rum candum, s. Sucre. 
 Cancel, achter, L. cinnamomi, s. Cannellc. 
 Caneel s. Zimmtbaum weisser. 
 Cannibal, cannibal, Androphage. 
 Capacitdt, f., capacity, Capacitd 
 Capillairsyrup, s. Frauenhaarsyrup. 
 Capillargefasse, pi., capillary vessels, s. 
 
 Capillaire. 
 
 Capillargefasssystcm, n., capill. system, 
 Carbonsaure, s. Kohlensaure. 
 Carbonsaure s. Kohlensaure Salze. 
 Carbonsaures Magnesiumoxyd, carbonate 
 
 of magnesia, s. Magnetic. 
 Carbunkel, m., carbuncle, Charbon. 
 Carcinom, n., carcinoma, Carcinome. 
 Cardamomen, s. Kardamomen. 
 Cardebenedict,Cardebenedictenkraut,Cen- 
 
 taurea benedicta, Centauree. 
 Cardebenedictenkraut-Extract,extractum 
 
 Centaurese benedictae, 
 Carmelitwasser, n., Eau des Cannes, s. Me- 
 
 lisse. 
 
 Carotisch, carotic, carotid, Carotique. 
 Carotischer Canal, carotid canal, s. Canal. 
 Carotischer Knoten, carotic ganglion, s. 
 
 Ganglion. 
 
 Carotte, f., s. Mohre. 
 Carottenbrei, f., carrot-pulp, s. Carotte. 
 Carthaminsaure, carthamic acid, s. Car- 
 
 thame. 
 
 CHA 
 
 Carunkel, caruncle, Caroncule. 
 Cascarille, Cascarilla, Cascarille. 
 Cascarillenextract, extract of cascarilla, 
 Cascarillenol, essential oil of , 
 Cascarillentinctur, tincture of , 
 Cascarillenwasser, distilled water of , 
 Cascarillrinde, bark of , 
 Casserischer Nerv, s. Muskelhautnerv. 
 Cassia, Cassien, Cassia, Casse. 
 Cassiablumen, pi., flores Lauri cinnamomi, 
 
 s. Cannelle. 
 
 Cassiarinde, f., cortex L. cinnamomi, c 
 Cassienfistel, f., Cassia fistula, s. Casse- 
 Cassienmark, pulp of C. fistula, 
 Castorin, f., castorine, Castorine. 
 Castorinsaure, castoric acid, s. Caslorale. 
 Castorol, oleum Ilicini, *. Huile. 
 Castrat, castratus, Castrat. 
 Castration, f., castratio, Castration. 
 Cataplexie, f., cataplexia, Cataplexie. 
 
 Catarrh, s. Katarrh. 
 
 Catechu, Catechusaft, catechu, Cachou. 
 
 Catechupalme, f., Areca catechu, s. Arec. 
 
 Catechu tinctur, tinctura catechu,.?. Cachou. 
 
 Catheter, *. Katheter. 
 
 Catheter ismus, m., catheterism, Catheter- 
 ism e. 
 
 Cayennepfeffer, m., semen Capsici annui, 
 s. Piment. 
 
 Cederbaum, Ceder von Libanon, Larix 
 cedrus, s. Melexe. 
 
 Cederfichte, f., Pinus cembra, s. Pin. 
 
 Celtischer Nardus, Valeriana celt., s. Nard. 
 
 Centifolienbliitter, pi., folia R. centifoliae, s. 
 
 Centifolienrose, Kosa centifolia, s. Rosier. 
 
 Centralisch, adj., central, Central. 
 
 Centrallapchen, n., lobulus centralis cere- 
 belli, s. Lobule. 
 
 Centralorgan des Nervensystems, central 
 organ of the nervous system, 
 
 Centrum, n., s. Mittelpunkt. 
 
 Cephalopoden, pL, Cephalopoda, Ce'phalo- 
 podes. 
 
 Cerasin, n., cerasin, Cdrasine. 
 
 Cerat, n., cerate, Ce"rat. 
 
 Cereus, m., Cactus, Cactier. 
 
 Cerin, n., cerin, C^rine. 
 
 Cetaceen, Cetacea, Cetace'es. 
 
 Celine, f., s. Wallrathfett. 
 
 Celologie, f., cetology, Cetologie. 
 
 Chamille, s. Kamiile. 
 
 Chamille, romische, s. Kamiile. 
 
 Chamillenblumen, *. Kamillenblumen. 
 
 Champignon, m., Fungus, Champignon. 
 
 Chanker, s. Schanker. 
 
 Chantarelle, , Agaricus cantarellus, s. A- 
 garic. 
 
 Charakter, m., character, Caractere. 
 
 Charakterisiren,to characterize, Caracter- 
 iser. 
 
 20
 
 CHL 
 
 Charakteristisch, characteristic, Caracte'r- 
 
 istique. 
 
 Charakteristische Erscheiminyen, pi., cha- 
 racteristic phenomena, 
 Charnier, m., ginglymus, Ginglyme. 
 Charpie, Carpey, lint, Charpie. 
 Chemiater, chemical physician, Chimiater. 
 Chemiatrie, f., medicine, Chemiatrie. 
 Chemie oder Chymie, chemistry, Chimie. 
 Chemie, medicinische, medical , 
 Chemisch, Chymisch, chemical, Chimique. 
 Chemische Processe, pi., processes, 
 Chemische Wissenschaft, science, 
 Chemischer Apparat, apparatus, 
 Cheser, m., Scarabaeus, Scarabe'e. 
 Chinabaum, Cinchona, Quinquina. 
 Chinabaum, gelber oder Konigs-, C. cor- 
 
 difolia, 
 
 Chinabaum, officinelle, C. officinalis, 
 Chinabaum, Pomeranzen-, C. lancifolia, 
 Chinabaum, rother, C. oblongifolia, 
 Chinabaum, weisser, C. ovalifolia, 
 Chinabitterstoff, m., s. Cinchonin. 
 Chinaextract, geistiges, alcoholic extract of 
 
 cinchona, s. Quinquina. 
 Chinaextr.,kaltbereitetes,col(l-pTeipa.re& , 
 Chinaextr., wasseriges, aqueous , 
 Chinarinde, cortex Cinchonse, 
 Chinosiiure, f., a peculiar acid obtained 
 
 from cinchona-bark, 
 Chinostojf, m., s. Cinchonin. 
 Chinasyrup, syrup of Cinchona, s. 
 Chinatinctur, einfache, simple tincture of 
 
 Cinchona, s. Quinquina. 
 Chinatinctur, zusammengesetzte, com- 
 pound tincture of , 
 Chinawein, oder Chinaaufguss weiniges, 
 
 wine, or vinous infusion, of , 
 Chinin, n., quina, quinine, Quinine. 
 Chinin, schwefelsaures, sulphate of , 
 Chirurg, Chirurgus, surgeon, Chirurgien. 
 Chirurgie, surgery, Chirurgie. 
 Chirurgisch, surgical, Chirurgical. 
 Chirurgische Anatomie, surgical Anatomy, 
 
 s. Anatomie. 
 
 Chirurgische Instrumente, surgical instru- 
 ments, s. ChirurgicaL 
 Chlor, Chlorine, chlorine, Chlore. 
 Chlorblausaure Salze, chlorocyanates, s. 
 
 Chlorocyanate. 
 
 Chlorcyansalz, chlorocyanate, 
 Chlorcyansaure, chlorocyanic acid, 
 Chlorige Saure, chlorous acid, s. Chloreux. 
 Chlorigsaure Salze, chlorites, s. Chlorite. 
 Chbrin, Chloringas, n., s. Chlor. 
 Chlorinantimon, chloride of antimony, s. 
 
 Chlorure. 
 
 Chlorinbarium, of barium, 
 Clilorincalcium, of calcium, 
 Chlorinkalium, of potassium, 
 Chlorinnatronium, of sodium, 
 Chlorinquecksilber, of quicksilver, 
 Chlorinquecksilber, atzendes, corrosive 
 
 chloride of quicksilver, 
 Chlorinquecksilber, mildes, mild , 
 
 562 
 
 CIR 
 
 Chloriodsalz, chloriodate, Chloriodate. 
 Chloriodsauer, chloriodic, Chloriodique. 
 Chloriods'dwe, f., chloriodic acid, 
 Chlorkohlensaure, chloroxycarbonic acid, 
 
 s. Chloroxy carbon ate. 
 Chlorkohlensaures Salz, chloroxycarbo- 
 
 nate, 
 
 Chlornatronium, s. Chlorinnatronium. 
 Chlorophosphorsaure, chlorophosphoric a- 
 
 cid, s. Chlorophosphate. 
 Chlorophosphorsaures Salz, chlorophos- 
 
 phate, 
 
 Chlorophyll, chlorophylla, Chlorophylle. 
 Chloroxydiil, chlorous oxide, s. Chloreux. 
 Chlorsalz, chlorate, Chlorate. 
 Chlorsauer, chloric, Chlorique. 
 Chlorsaure, chloric acid, 
 Chlorsaure Salze, chlorates, s. Chlorate. 
 Chloriir, chloruretum, Chlorure. 
 ChlorwasserstofFsaure, hydrochloric acid, 
 
 s. Hydrochlorate. 
 
 Choanen, pi., post, nares, *. Choanorrhagie. 
 Cholera, cholera, Chole'ra. 
 Cholera Asiatische, Asiatic cholera, 
 Cholerisch, choleric, Cholerique. 
 Cholerischer Zustand,choleric condition, 
 Cholerisches Temperament, choleric tem- 
 perament, 
 
 Cholesterin, n., s. Gallenfett. 
 Christwurz, H. niger, s. Hellebore. 
 Chrom, Chrommetall, chromium, Chrome. 
 Chromoxydul. oxide of chrome, 
 Chromsaure, chromic acid, s. Chromate. 
 Chromsaure Salze, chromates, 
 Chronisch, chronic, Chronique. 
 Chronische Krankheiten, diseases, 
 Chronometer, m., s. Zeitmesser. 
 Chrysalis, f., chrysalis, Chrysalide. 
 Chyliftcalion, f., chylificatio, Chylification. 
 Chylificationsorgane, pi., organs of , 
 Chylusgefasse,p\.,chy\if.vessels,s.Chyliferc. 
 Chymie, Chymik, s. Chemie. 
 Chymisch, s. Chemisch. 
 Chymist, chemist, Chimiste. 
 Cicade, f., Cicada, Cigale. 
 Cichorie, Cichorium, Chicore'e. 
 Cichorie, gemeine, C. intybus, 
 Cichorien, pi., Cichoraceae, 
 Cichorienarlig, adj., succory-like, 
 Cichorienkaffe, m., root of C. intybus, 
 Cider, m., cider, Cidre. 
 Cidercolik, f., cider-coh'c, s. Coligue. 
 Ciliararterien.ciliar arteries, s. Ciliaire. 
 Ciliarfalten, -fortsatze, ciliary processes, 
 Ciliargefasse, ciliary vessels, _ 
 Ciliarkorper, corpus ciliarc, 
 Ciliarkreis, m., ciliary circle, s. Cercle. 
 Ciliarkrone, corona ciliaris, s. Couronne. 
 Cih'arnerven, ciliary nerves, s. Ciliaire. 
 Ciliarschlagadern, pL, s. Ciliararterien. 
 Ciliarvenen, ciliary veins, s. Ciliaire. 
 Cinchonin, n., cinchonina, Cinchonine. 
 Circulation, f., s. Kreislauf. 
 Circumcisionsmesser, m., phymosis-knife, *. 
 
 Circoncision.
 
 CON 
 
 Cirsocele, f., s. Saamenaderbruch. 
 
 Cistenroschen, Cistenrose, Cistus, Ciste. 
 
 Cisterne, cistern, Citerne. 
 Cistus-Famllie, , Cisti, Cistineae, Cistinees. 
 
 Citrat, citrate, Citrate. 
 
 Citrone, citron (not lemon), Citron. 
 
 Citronenbaum, Citrus medica, 
 
 Citronenfarbiff, -gelb, citron-coloured, 
 
 Citronenkraut, n., M. officinalis, s. Melisse. 
 
 Citronenmelisse, f., same, 
 
 Citronenol, destiUertes, oleum citri destil- 
 latum, s. Citron. 
 
 Citroneriolzucker, m., Elseosaccharum citri, 
 s. ElcBOsaccharum. 
 
 Citronensaft, citron-juice, s. Citron. 
 
 Citronensaure, citric acid, s. Citrate. 
 
 Citronenschale, citron-peel, s. Citron. 
 
 Citronenschale, eingemachte, candied-peel, 
 
 Citronenwasser, n., distilled citron- water, 
 
 Citrulle, f., s. Wassermelone. 
 
 Claret, m., claretum, Clairet. 
 
 Clarlfidrung, f., s. Abklarung. 
 
 Classe, class, Classe. 
 
 Classification, f., classification, 
 
 Clystierspritze, s. Klysterspritze. 
 
 Cocheniue, Coccus, Cochenille. 
 
 Cocosbaum, Cocos, Cocotier. 
 
 Cocosnuss, cocoa-nut, Coco. 
 
 Codex, codex, Code. 
 
 Coharenz, f., cohesion, Cohesion. 
 
 Coleopteren, Coleoptera, Coleopteres. 
 
 Colik, s. Kolik. 
 
 Colliqitation, f., colliquatio, Colliquation. 
 
 Coloquinte, s. Koloquinthe. 
 
 Columbowurzel, radix columbse,Columbo. 
 
 Columbowurzelextract, extractum radicis 
 Columbse, 
 
 Columbowurzeltinctur, tinct. radicis , 
 
 Commandeurbalsam, m., balsamum com- 
 mendatoris, s. Baume. 
 
 Commissur, f., commissure, Commissure. 
 
 Commotion, , commotio, Commotion. 
 
 Compresse, compress, Compresse. 
 
 Concentriren, to concentrate, Concentrer. 
 
 Conccntrirt, adj., concentrated, Concentre. 
 
 Concentrirung, concentration, Concentra- 
 tion. 
 
 Concentrisch, concentric, Concentrique. 
 
 Concret, concrete, Concrete. 
 
 Concret, concretion, Concretion. 
 
 Concret in der Leber, tuber hepatis, 
 
 Condylom, s. Kondylom. 
 
 Congestion, f., congestio, Congestion. 
 
 Conjugation, conjugation, Conjugaison. 
 
 Consens der Theile, consensus partium, 
 Consentement des parties. 
 
 CYN 
 
 Conserve, f., conserva, Conserve. 
 Consistenz, f., consistence, Consistence. 
 
 Consulent, consultor, Consultant. 
 
 Contagion, f., contagio, Contagion. 
 
 Contraktur, contraction, Contracture. 
 
 Contrasfimulistische Heilsystem, n., contra- 
 stimulant medicine, Contrastimulisme. 
 
 Contrayerva, Dorstenia, Dorstene. 
 
 Contusion, f., contusio, Contusion. 
 
 Convulsibilitdt, f., convulsibility, Convulsi- 
 bilite'. 
 
 Convulsion, convulsio, Convulsion. 
 
 Convulsivisch, convulsive, Convulsif. 
 
 Copahu- oder Copaivabalsam, m., Copaiba- 
 balsam, s. Copayer. 
 
 Copahu- Copaibabaum,Copaifera ofRc., r 
 
 Copalin, n., copalina, Copaline. 
 
 Corallenmoos, corallina, Coralline. 
 
 Coriander, s. Koriander. 
 
 Corpuscularphilosophie, corpuscular phi- 
 losophy, s. Corpusculaire. 
 
 Corset, corset, Corset. 
 
 Cosmetik, Cosmetisch, s. Kosmetik. 
 
 Costwurzel, f., radix Costi arabici.s. Costus. 
 
 Cotunnische Wasserleilung, aquaeductus 
 Cotunnii, *. Aqueduc. 
 
 Couperose, gutta rosea, Couperose. 
 
 Cowpersche Driisen, Cowper's glands, s. 
 Accessoire. 
 
 Coxalgie, coxalgia, Coxalgie. 
 
 Cretinismus, m., cretinism, Cre'tinisme. 
 
 Crotonol, s. Krotonol. 
 
 Cruditiiten, pi., crudities, s. Crudite. 
 
 Cryptorchis, cryptorchis, Crypsorchis. 
 
 Crystallinse, s. Krystall-linse. 
 
 Crystallisirung, s. Krystallisirung. 
 
 Cubeben, cubebs, Cubebes. 
 
 Cubeben,uberzuckerte,Confect-cubebae, 
 
 Cucumer, Cucumern, pL, s. Gurke. 
 
 Curassao-, *. Pomeranzenschale. 
 
 Curcumin, n., curcumina, Curcumine. 
 
 Cusparabaumrinde, s. Angustarinde. 
 
 Cyan, cyanogen, Cyanogene. 
 
 Cyanige Saure, cyanous acid, s. Cyanite. 
 
 Cyanigsaure Salze, cyanites, 
 
 Cyansaure, cyanic acid, s. Cyanate. 
 
 Cyansaure Salze, cyanates, 
 
 Cyanwasserstoffsaure, hydrocyanic acid, s. 
 Hydrocyanate. 
 
 Cyclotom, m., cyclotomus, Cyclotome. 
 
 Cylindrisch, cylindrical, Cylindrique. 
 
 Cynisch, cynic, Cynique. 
 
 Cypergras, n., Cyperus, Souchet. 
 
 Cypergrdser, pi., Cyperacese, 
 
 Cypresse, f., Cupressus, Cypres. 
 
 Cystocele, f., cystocele, Cystocele. 
 
 D. 
 
 DAC 
 
 Dach, n., Dacher, pi., roof, Toit. 
 Dach der Augenhohle, roof of orbit, 
 Dach der vierten Hirnhohle, roof of the 
 fourth ventricle, s. Valvule. 
 
 563 
 
 DAC 
 
 Dach der Seitenhohle, roof of the lateral 
 
 ventricle, s. Ventricule. 
 Dachhauslaub, Sempervivum tectorum, s. 
 
 Joubarbc,
 
 DAR 
 
 Dachs, Dachsin, f., Meles taxui, olim Ur- 
 
 sus meles, Blaireau. 
 Dachziegelformig, -artig, imbricated, Im- 
 
 brique. 
 
 Damascenerrose, f., Rosa centifolia,s. Rosier. 
 Damhirsch, Cervus dama, s. Cerf. 
 Damm, perinaeum, Perine'e. 
 Dammbruch, hernia perinaei, s. Perinial. 
 Dammerde, f., veg. mould, Terre ve'ge'tale. 
 Dammm^,adj.,crepuscular,Crepusculaire. 
 Dammerung, twilight, Cr^puscule. 
 D'dmmerungsvogel, m., Sphinx, 
 Dammmuskeln, pi., perineal muscles, s. Pe- 
 rineal. 
 
 Dammnerven> pi., perineal nerves, 
 Dammschlagader, perineal artery, 
 Dammweide, f., Salix helix, s. Saule. 
 Damonenlehre, demonology, De'monologie. 
 D'dmonensucht, f., demonomania, Demono- 
 
 manie. 
 
 Dampf, Dampfe, pi., vapour, Vapeur. 
 Dampfbad, -bader, pi., vapou r-batn, s. Bain. 
 Dampfbad, allgemeines, general , 
 Dampfbad, ortliches, topical , 
 Dampfbad, russisches, Russian , 
 Ddnegras, n., Polygonum avic., s. Renouce. 
 Daphne, f., Daphne, Daphne. 
 Daphnin, n., daphnina, Daphnine. 
 Darm, Darme, pi., gut, Boyau. 
 Darm, blinder, blind gut, Ccecum. 
 Darm, langer, long gut, .. Long. 
 Darm- und Harnblasenbruch, enterocyst- 
 
 ocele, Ente'ro-Cystocele. 
 Darm- und Magenbruch, hernia of bowels 
 
 and stomach, Enterogastrocele. 
 Darm- und Netzbruch, entero-epiplocele, 
 
 Entero-Epiplocele. 
 Darm- und Wasserbruch, entero-hydro- 
 
 cele, Ente'ro-Hydrocele. 
 Darmabscess, m., abscessus tractus intesti- 
 
 nalis, s. Absces. 
 Darmbauchbruch, ventral or abdominal 
 
 hernia, Ent^rogastrocele. 
 Darmbein, os ilii, s. lies. 
 Darmbeingrube, aussere, innere, extern- 
 al , internal iliac fossa, s. Iliaque. 
 Darmbeinkamm, crista ilii, s. Crete. 
 Darmbeinmuskel, Iliacus intern., s. Iliaque. 
 Darmbeinstacheln, spinae iliacae, s. Epine. 
 Darmbewegung, f., intestinal motion, s. Pe- 
 
 ristaltique. 
 Darmblutfluss,enterorrhagia, Ente'rorrha- 
 
 gie. 
 
 Darmbremse, f. , (E. haemorrhoidalis, s. CEstre. 
 Darmbruch, intestinal hernia, Ente'rocele. 
 Darmcanal, Darmkanal, canal, s. Canal. 
 Darmdriise, -driisen, pi., intestinal gland, 
 
 glands, Enteradenes. 
 Darme, enge oder diinne, narrow or small 
 
 intestines, s. Intestin. 
 Darme, weite, wide or large , 
 Darmeinklemmung, f., strangulation of the 
 
 bowels, Ente'rope'ristole. 
 Darmentziindung, enteritis, Entente. 
 Darmfell, peritonaeum, Peritoine. 
 
 564 
 
 DEC 
 
 Darmfellentzundung, peritonitis, Pe'rito- 
 
 nite. 
 Darmfellschwindsucht, phthisis peritonas- 
 
 alis, *. Peritoneal. 
 Darmfleischbruch, entero-sarcocele, Ente- 
 
 ro-Sarcocele. 
 Darmgeschwiir, intestinal ulceration, En- 
 
 terelcose. 
 
 Darmgicht, iliac passion, Ile'us. 
 Darmhodensacksbruch, enteroscheocele, 
 
 Ente'rosche'ocele. 
 Darmklappen, pi., valvulae intestinales, *. 
 
 Valvule. 
 Darmkletle, f., Echinorhynchus, Echino- 
 
 rhynque. 
 
 Darmkoth, excrement, s. Excrement. 
 Darmleiden, bowel-disease, Ente'ropathie. 
 Darmmuskel, innerer,s. Darmbeinmuskel. 
 Darmnabelbruch, enteromphalus, Enter- 
 
 omphale. 
 
 Darmnaht, enteroraphia, Enteroraphie. 
 Darmnetz, s. Netz. 
 Darmnetzbruch, s. Netzbruch. 
 Darmnetzentzundung,s.Netzentzundung. 
 Darmruhr, f., s. Bauchfluss. 
 Darmsaft, m., succus entericus, s. Sue. 
 Darmsaite, cat-gut, s. Boyau. 
 Darmschabe, f., Oxyuris verm., s. Oxyure. 
 Darmschmerz, enteralgia, Enteralgie. 
 Darmschnitt, enterotomy, Entdrotomie. 
 Darmstein, pi., intestinal concretion, s. 
 Darmsteinbildung, f., entero-lithiasis, Ente- 
 
 erolithiase. 
 Darmverstopfung, f., obstruction of the 
 
 bowels, Enterangiemphraxie. 
 Darmvorfall, m., protrusion of , Prolapsus. 
 Darm wassernabel bruch, hydrenterompha- 
 
 lus, Hydrenteromphale. 
 Darmweh, n., -winde, f.,s. Bauchgrimmen. 
 Darmwindungen, pi., intestinal convolu- 
 tions, s. Circonvolution. 
 Darmwurm, s. Rundwurm. 
 Darrfieber, n., hectic fever, Hecticopyre. 
 Darrsucht, atrophy, Atrophie. 
 Darrsuchtig, adj., wasted, Atrophie. 
 Dattel, date, Datte. 
 Dattelbaum, Phcenix dactylif., Dattier. 
 Dattelpalme, f., date-palm, 
 Daturin, n., daturina, Daturine. 
 Dauernd, persistent, Persistant. 
 Daum, Daumen, thumb, Pouce. 
 Daumenballen, thenar pollicis, s. Thenar. 
 Daumenbeuger, kurzer, Flexor brevis pol- 
 licis manus, 5. Flechisseur. 
 Daumenbeuger, langer, Flex, longus , 
 Daumenschlagadern, pi., arteriae pollicis, 
 
 branches of the radial. 
 Daumenstrecker, langer, Extensor longus 
 
 pollicis manus, s. Extenseur. 
 Dauung, digestion, Digestion. 
 Dauungsaft, m., s. Nahrungsaft. 
 Deckblatt, -blatter, pL, bractea, Bracte'e. 
 Deckblattchen, bracteola, Bracte'ole. 
 Deckblattformig, bracteiformis, Bract e'i- 
 
 forme.
 
 DIA 
 
 Deckblattlos, ebracteate, Ebractete. 
 Deckblattrig, bracteola, Bractete". 
 Decke, Decken, pi., tegument, Tegument. 
 Deckel, opercle, Opercule. 
 Deckelformig, opercuiif., Operculiforme. 
 Decoct, product of decoction, De'coctum. 
 Defensiv, f., defensive, DeTensiv. 
 Degenformig, s. Schwertformig. 
 Dehnbar, dilatable, Dilatabilite. 
 Dehnbarkeit, dilatability, 
 Dehnen, pandiculatio, Pandiculation. 
 Dekagramm, decagramma, Decagramme. 
 Dekandrie, Decanaria, De'candrie. 
 Delphin, Delphinus, Dauphin. 
 Delphinapter, Delphinapter us, Delphinap- 
 
 tere. 
 
 Delphin-Familie, Delphinidae, Delphinides. 
 Delphinin, n., delphinina, Delphinine. 
 Delphinsaure, delphinic &cld,s.Delphinate. 
 Delphinsaure Salze, delphinates, 
 Deltaformig, deltoid, Deltoide, 
 Deltaformiger Muskel, Deltamuskel, del- 
 toid muscle, 
 
 Deltaformiges Blatt, deltaform leaf, 
 Demuthspflanze, f., Mimosis, Mimose. 
 Dendrite, m., fossil tree, Dendrite. 
 Dentalie, Dentalium, Dentale. 
 Dephlogistisirt, adj., dephlogisticated, De'- 
 
 phlogistique. 
 
 Depression, ?., depressio, Depression. 
 Derivation, s. Ableitung. 
 Descemetsche oder Desmourrsche Haut, s. 
 
 Wasserhaut. 
 Desorganisation, disorganization, Desor- 
 
 ganisation. 
 
 Desoxydation,deoxydation,De'soxydation. 
 Desoxydirt, deoxydated, De'soxyge'ne'. 
 Desquamation, s. Abschuppen. 
 Destination im Bade, distillation in water- 
 
 or sand-bath, s. Bain. 
 Destillirhelm, -kolben, alembic, Alambic. 
 Destillirplatz, n., laboratory, Laboratoire. 
 Destillirschlauch,N. distillat., s. Nepenthes. 
 Destillirt, adj., distilled, Distilled 
 Destillirter Geist, distilled spirit, 
 Destillirtes Wasser, distilled water, 
 Destillirung, f., distillation, Distillation. 
 Deuleropathie, f., deuteropathia, Deutero- 
 
 pathie. 
 Deuteropathisch, deuteropathic, Deutero- 
 
 pathique. 
 Deutochloriir, deutochloride, Deutochlo- 
 
 rure. 
 Deutsche Barenklau, Heracleum sphondy- 
 
 lium, s. Berce. 
 Deutsche Theriakwurzel, Pimpinella saxi- 
 
 fraga, s. Boucage. 
 Diabetisch, diabetic, Diabetique. 
 Diabetischer, a diabetic patient, 
 Diabetischer Harn, diabetic urine, 
 Diachylonpflaster, einfaches, simple dia- 
 chylon-plaster, s. Diachylon. 
 Diachylonpflaster, gummb'ses oder zusam- 
 
 mengesetztes, gummy or compound , 
 Diacodionsyrup, diacodiutn, Diacode. 
 
 565 
 
 DOG 
 
 Diadelphie, f, diadelphia, Diadelphie, 
 Diagnose, diagnosis, Diagnose. 
 Diagnostlk, f., diagnostic, 
 Diagnostisch, diagnostic, Diagnostique. 
 Diagnostische Merkmale, signs, 
 Diakustik, diacoustics, Diacoustique. 
 Diamant, diamond, Diamant. 
 Diameter, s. Durchmesser. 
 Z)iajne<rac&,adj.,diametrical,Diame'trique. 
 Diandrie, f., Diandria, Diandrie. 
 Diaphoretisch, diaphoretic, Diaphoretique. 
 Diaphoretische Mittel, diaphoretics, 
 Diarrhoe, f., diarrhoea, Diarrhe'e. 
 Diastrophie, diastrophe, Diastrophie. 
 Diastrophisch, diastrophic, Diastrophique. 
 Diat, diet, Diet. 
 Diatetik, dietetics, Didte'tique. 
 Diatetisch, dietetic, 
 Dicht, dense, Dense. 
 Dichterepheu, m., Hedera helix, s. Lierre. 
 Dichtigkeit, density, Densitd. 
 Dickdarme, pi., large intestines, s.Intestin. 
 Dicke Hirnhaut oder Hirnfell,dura mater, 
 
 Dure-Mere. 
 
 Dickfleischig, s. Fleischig. 
 Dickhauter, Dickhautige Thiere, Pachy- 
 
 dermata, Pachydermes. 
 Dickhautig, thick-skinned, Pachyderme. 
 Dickleibigkeit, s. Fettleibigkeit. 
 Didynamie, f., Didynamia, Didynamie. 
 Digerirung, digestion, Digestion. 
 Digestivmittel, s. Verdauungsmittel. 
 Digestivsalbe, Ung. digestivum, Digestif. 
 Digynie, Digynia, Digynie. 
 Dikotyledonen, dicotyledonous plants, Di- 
 
 cotyledones. 
 
 Dill, Dillkraut, Anethum, Anet. 
 Dillol, oleum Anethi, 
 Dillsamen, semina Anethi, 
 Dillwasser, Aqua anethi, 
 Dintenfisch, s. Blackfisch. 
 Diocie, Dioecia, Dioe"cie. 
 Dioptrik, dioptrics, Dioptrique. 
 Dioptrisch, dioptrical, Dioptrique. 
 Dioptrischelnstrumente, instruments, 
 Diosmin, n., diosmina, Diosmine. 
 Diploe, diploe, Diploe. 
 Diplom, diploma, Diplome. 
 Diptam, Kretischer, Origanum dictamnus, 
 
 Dictamne. 
 
 Dipteren, pi., Diptera, Dipteres. 
 Diskus, disk, Disque. 
 Distel, Carduus, Cnicus, Chardon. 
 Distelbirn, f., Cactus triangularis,s.Cac<er. 
 Distelwolle, f., thistle-down, s. Coton. 
 Diuretisch, diuretic, Diuretique. 
 Diuretische Alittel, pi., diuretics, 
 Dobel, m., Lolium temulentum, s. Ivraie. 
 Dockenkraut, n., Arctium lappa, Bardane. 
 Doctor der Arzneikunde, s. Arzt. 
 Doctordiplom, medical diploma, s. Diplome. 
 Dogma, n., Dogmen, pi., dogma, Dogma- 
 Dogmatiker, m., dogmatist, s. Dogmatique. 
 Dogmatisch, adj., dogmatical, 
 Dogmatische Aerzte, physicians,
 
 DRA 
 
 Dokimasologie, docimasology, Docimaso- 
 
 logie. 
 
 Dokimastik, docimastice, Docimastique. 
 Doldchen, umbellule, Ombellule. 
 Dolde, Dolden, pi., umbel, Ombelle. 
 Dolde, besondere, partial umbel, 
 Dolde, einfache, simple umbel, 
 Dolde, unachte, s. Trugdolde. 
 Doldenblumig, umbelfiflorous, Ombelli- 
 
 flore. 
 
 Doldenerbse, P. umbellatum, s. Pois. 
 Doldenfdrmig,umbellifonn,OmbellifonTie. 
 Doldentragend, umbelliferous, 
 Doldentragende Pflanzen, Umbelliferae, 
 
 Ombelliferes. 
 
 Doldentraube, corymbus, Corymbe. 
 Dolden traubentragend, corymbiferous, Co- 
 
 rymbifere. 
 
 Doldentraubig, corymbose, Corymbe*. 
 Doldig, umbellated, Ombelle. 
 Doilapfel, Solanum insanum, s. Morelle. 
 Donnerstein, m., s. Belemnit. 
 Donnerwolke, f., thunder-cloud, Diablotin. 
 Doppelgeburten t n. y double-bodied monsters, 
 
 s. Monstre. 
 
 Doppelmaul, Distoma, Distome. 
 Doppelreihe der Augenliedhaare, double 
 
 row of eye-lashes, s. Distichiase. 
 Doppelsalz, s. Polychrestsalz. 
 Doppelschlager, double-beating pulse, s. 
 Doppelschlagig, dicrotus, Dicrote. 
 Doppel-, Doppeltsehen, diplopia, Diplopie. 
 Doppelt, double, Double. 
 Doppelte Blume, double flowers, 
 Dorant, weisser, s. Andorn, weisser. 
 Dorn, spine or thorn, Epine. 
 Dornapfel, s. Stechapfel. 
 Dornapfel, indischer, C. opuntia, s. Cactier. 
 Domfortsatz, Dornfortsatze, pi., spinous 
 
 process, s. Epineux. 
 Dornig, spinous, Epineux. 
 Dornmuskel des lliickens, Spinalis dorsi, 
 
 JLombo-Dorso-Spinal. 
 Dornpflanze, , s. Euphorbium. 
 Dornrose, f., Rosa canina, s. Rosier. 
 Dornschlehen, . Schlehendorn. 
 Dorren, torrefactio, Torrefaction. 
 Dose, Dosis, dose, Dose. 
 Dost, gemeiner, s. Thimian. 
 Dostenkraut, n., Eupatoriuni cannabinum, 
 
 s. Eupatorine. 
 Dotter, s. Eidotter. 
 
 Dotterblume, Caltha palustris, s. Souci. 
 Dottergelb, adj., vitellinus, Vitellin. 
 Dotterhaut, f., s. Haut des Eidotters. 
 Dotterrose, , Rosa lutea, s. Rosier. 
 Dotlerweide, f., Salix vitellina, 5. Sattle. 
 Douchebad, s. Giessbad. 
 Doversches Pulver, Dover's powder, s. I- 
 
 picacuanha. 
 Drachenampfer, m., Rumex sanguineus, s. 
 
 Oseille. 
 
 Drachenbaum, Dracaena, Dragonier. 
 Drachenblut, dragon's blood, Sang-Dragon. 
 Drachenpflanze, f., s. Drachenbaum. 
 
 566 
 
 DRU 
 
 Drachenwurz, Draehenwurxel, f., Arum dra- 
 
 cunculus, s. Arum. 
 Drachme, f., drachma, Drachme. 
 Dragant, m., A. tragacantha, s. AdraganU 
 Drastisch, drastic, Drastique. 
 Drastische Mittel, drastic remedies, 
 Dreher, rotator, Rotaleur. 
 Drehgelenk, m., rotatory articulation, 
 Drehstock, m., s. Aderpresse. 
 Drei- Dreyblattrig, trifoliatus, Trifolie. 
 Dreiblumenblattrig, tripetalus, Tripetale. 
 Dreiblumig, triflorus, Triflore. 
 Dreieck, trigonum, Trigone. 
 Dreieckig, Dreikantig, triangular, Trian- 
 
 gulaire. 
 Dreieckiger Brustbeinmuskel, Triangula- 
 
 ris sterni, 
 Dreieiniffkeitswur&el, f., Angelica archange- 
 
 lica, s. Angelique. 
 Dreifach, s. Dreizahlig. 
 Dreifachrig, trilocular, Triloculaire. 
 Dreifaltigkeitsblume, f., V. tricolor, s. Viole. 
 Dreigetheilt,Dreitheilig,trichotomous, tri- 
 partite, Trichotome. 
 Dreigetheilter Nerv, nervus trigeminus, 
 
 *. Trijumeau. 
 
 Dreikopfig, adj., three-headed, Triceps. 
 Dreikopfiger Armmuskel, Triceps exten- 
 sor cubiti, 
 
 Dreikopfiger Schenkelmuskel, Triceps ad- 
 ductor femoris, 
 Dreilappig, trilobatus, Trilobe. 
 Dreipaarig, trijugus, Trijugud. 
 Dreisamig, trispermus, Trisperme. 
 Dreiseitiff, adj., three-sided, Triquetre. 
 Dreiseitiges Bein, os triquetrum, s. Carpe. 
 Dreispaltig, three-cleft, Trifide. 
 Dreispitzig, tricuspid, Tricuspidal. 
 Dreitatig, tertian, Tierce. 
 Dreitatiges Fieber, fever, Triteophye. 
 Dreiweibig,adj., trigynous, s. Trigynle. 
 Dreiweibige Bliithen, trigynous flowers, 
 Dreizahlig, ternate, Terne*. 
 DreizaliHges Blatt, ternate leaf, 
 Dreizahnig, tridentate, Trident^. 
 Dreizipfelig, s. Dreispitzig. 
 Dreizipfelige Klappe, tricuspid valve, 
 Drillfisch, m., G. electricus, s. Gymnote. 
 Drillingsnerv, s. Dreigetheilter Nerv. 
 Drittes Stuck des Brustbeins, third piece 
 
 of sternum, s. Tristernal. 
 Droguist, druggist, Droguiste. 
 Drohne, f., Drohnen, pi., drone, s. Bourdon. 
 Drosseladern, Drosselblutadern, jugular 
 
 veins ; s. Jugulaire. 
 J5rosselbein, s. Schliisselbein. 
 Drosselblutadern, aussere, external jugu- 
 lar veins, s. Jugulaire. 
 Drosselblutadern, gemeinschaftliche oder 
 
 innere, internal or common , 
 DruckdesGehirns, compression of the brain, 
 
 s. Compression. 
 
 Druse, Driisen, pi., gland, Glande. 
 Druse, linsenformige, lenticular gland, s. 
 Lenticulaire. t
 
 DUR 
 
 Drusen, lymphatische, lymphatic glands, 
 s. Lymphatique. 
 
 Drusen, zusammengesetzte, conglomerate 
 glands, s. Conglomerate. 
 
 Drusenabscess, glandular abscess, s. Abces. 
 
 Drusenbeschreibung, adenography, Ade'ri- 
 ographie. 
 
 Driisenbeule, s. Driisengeschwulst. 
 
 Drlisenentziindung, adenitis, Addnite. 
 
 Drusenfieber, n., febris glandulosa, s. Glan- 
 dulaire. 
 
 Driisenf b'rmig, glandiform, Adenoide. 
 
 Driisengeschwulst, glandular swelling, A- 
 de'noncose. 
 
 Driisengeschwulst, schmerzhafte, painful 
 swelling of a gland, s, Adenalgie. 
 
 Driisenlehre, adenology, Ade'nologie. 
 
 Driisenschmerz, adenalgia, Adenalgie. 
 
 Drusen verhartung, glandular induration, 
 Adenoscle'rose. 
 
 Drusen verstopfung, glandular obstruction, 
 Adenempbraxie. 
 
 Driisenzergliederung, adenotomy, Adeno- 
 tomie. 
 
 Driisig, glandular, Glandulaire. 
 
 Druswurz, f., R. bulbosus, s. Re"noncule. 
 
 Dunkel, obscure, Obscur. 
 
 Dunkelheit, f., obscurity, Obscurite. 
 
 Dunkelheit des Gesichts, obscurity of vi- 
 sion, Eblouissement. 
 
 Diinn, thin, slender, Grele. 
 
 Dunndarm, m., intestinum tenue, 
 
 Dunndarmblutadern, pi., veins of the small 
 intestine, 
 
 Diinndarmgekrb'se, s. Gekrbse. 
 
 Dunndarmschlagadern, pi., arteries of the 
 small intestine, s. Grele. 
 
 Durchblattert, perfoliate, Perfoliate. 
 
 Durchbohrend, perforating, Perforant. 
 
 Durchbohrende Schlagadern, arteriae per- 
 forantes, 
 
 Durchbohrt, perforated, Perfore'. 
 
 Durchbohrung, , perforation, Perforation. 
 
 Durchbohrung des Auges, puncture of the 
 eye (in hydrophthalmy), s. Ponction. 
 
 Durchbohrung des Bauches,s.Bauchstich. 
 
 Durchbohrung der Brust, s. Bruststich. 
 
 Durchbohrung des Brustbeins, trepanna- 
 tion of sternum, s. Trepanation. 
 
 Durchbohrung der Harnblase, puncture of 
 the urinary bladder, s. Ponction. 
 
 Durchbohrung des Hodensacks, of the 
 scrotum, 
 
 Durchbohr. der durchsichtigen Hornhaut, 
 puncture of the transparent cornea, 
 
 Durchbohrung der Kopfknochen, perfora- 
 tion of the cranial bones, s. Trepanation. 
 
 Durchbohrung derOberkieferhohle, perfo- 
 ration of the maxillary antrum, 
 
 Durchbohrung des Ohrlappchens, perfora- 
 tion of the Kibe of the ear, 
 
 DurchbohrungderStirnhohle, ofthe fron- 
 tal sinus, 
 
 Durchbohrung des Thranenbeins, of os 
 unquis, 
 
 567 
 
 DYN 
 
 DurchbohrungdesTrommelfells, puncture 
 of membrana tympani, s. Trepanation. 
 
 Durchbohrung des Zitzenfortsatzes, per- 
 foration ofthe mastoid process, 
 
 Durchdunsten, s.Durchscnwitzen. 
 
 Durchfall, diarrhoea, Diarrhe'e. 
 
 Durchfall, blu tiger, sanguineous diarrhoea, 
 s. Sanguinolent. 
 
 Durchfall, cholerischer, choleric diarrhoea, 
 s. Cholerique. 
 
 Durchfall, colliquativer, colliquative diar- 
 rhoaa, s. Colliquatif. 
 
 Durchf., galliger, bilious , s. Bilieux. 
 
 Durchf^ kothiger, stercoral ,s. Stercoral. 
 
 Durchf., kritischer, critical , s. Crise. 
 
 Durchf, schleimiger, mucous diarrhoea, s. 
 Muqueux. 
 
 Durchf., schwarzsiichtiger, diarrhoea san- 
 guinea e melsena, s. Melana. 
 
 Durchf., wasseriger, serous , s. Sereux. 
 
 Durchf., wurmartiger, verminous diar- 
 rhcea, s. Helminthes. 
 
 Durchf., durch Zahnkrankheit, diarrhoea 
 from teething, s. Odontophye. 
 
 Durchfressend, s. Zerfressend. 
 
 Durchfressung, s. Zerfressung. 
 
 Durchlauf, s. Durchfall. 
 
 Durchliegen, n., decubitus, D Jcubitus. 
 
 Durchlochert, s. Durchbohrt. 
 
 Durchmesser, diameter, Diametre. 
 
 Durchscheinend, diaphanous, Diaphane. 
 
 Durchschneidenpunkt, point of intersec- 
 tion, s. Decussation. 
 
 Durchschneidung des Augenliedknorpels, 
 sectio tarsi palpebrarum, Tarsotomie. 
 
 Durchschneidung der Eichelbandchens, 
 sectio frsenuli prseputii, *. Filet. 
 
 Durchschneid. der Nerven bei Neuralgic, 
 division of the nerves in Neuralgia. 
 
 Durchschneidung der Sehnen, of the 
 tendons, s. Tendon. 
 
 Durchschnitt, intersection, Intersection. 
 
 Durchschwitzen, transsudation, Transsu- 
 dation. 
 
 Durchseihung, filtration, Colature. 
 
 Durchsichtig, transparent, Transparent. 
 
 Dursichtige Hornhaut, cornea, s. Cornee. 
 
 Durchsichtige Scheidewand des Gehirns, 
 septum lucidum, Cloison transparente. 
 
 Durchsichtigkeit, transparency, Diaphand- 
 ite. 
 
 DurchstechungderHomhaut,keratonyxis, 
 Keratonyxis. 
 
 Durchstochen, s. Durchbohrt. 
 
 Durchstochenes Johanniskraut, Hyperi- 
 cum perforatum, s. Millepertuis. 
 
 Durchwachsen, s. Durchblattert. 
 
 Durchwachsene Fiihlhorner, perfoliate an- 
 tennae, s. Perfolie. 
 
 Diirrmaden, f. pi., Acne punctata, s. Acne. 
 
 Durst, thirst, Soif. 
 
 Durstlosigkeit, Durstmangel, adipsia, A- 
 dipsie. 
 
 Durstsucht, f, morbid thirst, Polydipsie. 
 
 Dynamik, dynamics, Dynamique.
 
 DYS 
 
 Dynamisch, dynamic, Dynamique. 
 Dynamische Krankheit, sthenic disease, 
 Dysenteric, dysentery, Dysenteric. 
 Dysenterisch, dysenteric, Dysente"rique. 
 Dyskrasie, f., dyscrasia, Dyscrasie. 
 Dysmenie, dysmenia, Dysmenie. 
 Dysmenorrhoe, f., dysmenorrhcea, Dysme- 
 norrhee. 
 
 DYS 
 
 Dysodie, f., dysodia, Dysodie. 
 Dysopsie, f., dysopsia, Dysopsie. 
 Dysorexie, f., dysorexia, Dysorexie. 
 Dyspepsie, dyspepsia, Dyspepsie. 
 Dyspeptisch, adj., dyspeptic, Dyspeptique. 
 Dysphagie, dysphagia, Dysphagia. 
 Dyspnoe, dyspnoea, Dyspnee. 
 Dystokie, dystocia, Dystocie. 
 
 E. 
 
 EIE 
 
 Ebenmaas, symmetry, Symetrie. 
 
 Ebenm'dssig, adj., *. Symmetrisch. 
 
 Ebennachtlich, equinoctial, Equinoctial- 
 
 Eberkraut, n., Epilobium. 
 
 Eberraute, Eberreis, s. Stabwurz. 
 
 Echenit, m., -en, pi., Echenite, s. Oursins. 
 
 Eche, f., angle, Angle. 
 
 Eekig, adj., angular, Angulaire. 
 
 Eckzahn, -zahne, dens cuspidatus, s. Dent- 
 
 Eclektisch, eclectic, Eclectique. 
 
 Eclektische Aerzte, oder Philosophen, ec- 
 lectic physicians or philosophers, 
 
 Ectropium, s. Ektropion. 
 
 Edelhirsch, Cervus elephas, s. Cerf. 
 
 Edellebejrkraut, n., *. Leberblume. 
 
 Edle Metalle, pi., noble metals, s. Metal. 
 
 Egel, m., s. Blutigel. 
 
 Eglanterrose, f., R. eglanteria, s. Rosier. 
 
 Ei, egg, (Euf. 
 
 Ei, menschliches, human ovum, 
 
 Eibe. Eibenbaum, Taxus, If. 
 
 Eibenbaumblatter, pi., folia T.bacciferae, 
 
 Eibisch, Althaea, Althaea. 
 
 Eibischblatter, pL, folia Althaeae, 
 
 Eibischkraut, n., Althaea officinalis, 
 
 Eibischsalbe, Unguentum Althaeae, 
 
 Eibischsyrup, Syrupus , 
 
 Eibischwurzel, radix , 
 
 Eiblattrig, ovalifolius, Ovalifolie. 
 
 Eichapfel, oak-apple, s. Chene. 
 
 Eiche, Quercus, Chene. 
 
 Eichel, Eicheln, pi., acorn, Gland. 
 
 Eichel der Ruthe, glans penis, 
 
 Eichflband, n., fraenulum praeputii, 
 
 Eichelentziindung, balanitis, Balanite. 
 
 Eichelkrone, f., corona glandis, s. Couronne. 
 
 Eicheln, gerostete, roasted acorns, s. Gland. 
 
 Eichelschleimfluss, Eicheltripper, balanor- 
 rhcea, s. Balanorrhagie. 
 
 Eichelstein, m., balanite, Balanite. 
 
 Eichen, ovulum, Ovule. 
 
 Eichenlunge, f., L. pulmonarius, s. Lichen. 
 
 Eichenmistel, f., Viscum album, s. GuL 
 
 Eichenrinde, cortex Quercus, s. Chene. 
 
 Eichensauger, m., Chermes quercus, 
 
 Eichensctiwamm, A. quercinus, s. Agaric. 
 
 Eichenwurm, m., Cynips quercus folii, s. 
 Cynips. 
 
 Eidesche, Eideschen, pi., Lacerta, Lacer- 
 tae, s. Lacertiens. 
 
 Eidesche, fliegende, Draco volans, s. Aile. 
 
 Eidotter, Eigelb, egg-yolk, s. riiellin. 
 
 Eiergang, oviduct, Oviducte. 
 568 
 
 EIN 
 
 Eierlegend, oviparous, Ovipare. 
 
 Eierlehre, *. Oologie. 
 
 Eiermilch, f., egg beaten up in warm water 
 or other liquid, s. Emulsion. 
 
 Eierol, n., oleum ovorum, s. Huile. 
 
 Eierpjftanze, f., S. melongena, s. Morelle. 
 
 Eierschale, f., egg-shell, s. Coquille. 
 
 Eierschalen, gebrannte, pi., calcined egg- 
 shells, 
 
 Eierstock, -stocke, pi., ovary, Ovaire. 
 
 Eterstockaujlreibung, f., swelling of ^ 
 
 Eierstockausrottung, f., extirpation of the 
 ovary, s. Exstirpation. 
 
 Eierstockeiterung, f., abscess of , s. Abels. 
 
 Eierstockentziindung, inflammation of , 
 Oophorite. 
 
 Eierstockschwangerschaft, f., ovarian preg- 
 nancy, s. Grossesse. 
 
 Eierstockschwindsucht, f., ovarian phthisis, 
 s. Phthisic. 
 
 Eierstockwassersucht, , ovarian dropsy, s. 
 Hydropisie. 
 
 Eierwein, mulled wine, s. Fin. 
 
 Eifersucht, leidenschaftliche, zelotypia, 
 Ze'lotypie. 
 
 Eiformig, egg-shaped, oviform, Ove. 
 
 Eif brmige Grube, fossa ovalis, s. Ouale. 
 
 Eiformiges s. Eirundes Loch. 
 
 Eigelbeere,f.,V&ccim\immyTtiHus,s.Airelle. 
 
 Eigene Beschaffenheit, peculiar constitu- 
 tion, Idiosyncrasie. 
 
 Eigenleidige Krankheit, idiopathic disease, 
 Idiopathie. 
 
 Eigenschaft, property, Propriete. 
 
 Eile, s. Granne. 
 
 Eileiter, m., s. Muttertrompete. 
 
 Eilfblattrig,endecaphyllous,Endecaphylle 
 
 Eilfmannig, endecandrous, s. Endecandrie. 
 
 Eilfmannige Bliithen, endecand. flowers, 
 
 Eilfweibig, endecagynous, Endecagyne. 
 
 Einascherung, incineratio, Incineration. 
 
 Einathmen, n., Einathmung, inspiratio, 
 Inspiratio. 
 
 Einauge, Monoculus, Monocle. 
 
 Einaugig, unocular, Monopse. 
 
 Einaugige Binde, s. Binde. 
 
 Einbeere, P. quadrifolia, s. Parisette. 
 
 Einbildung, f., Einbildungskraft, m., imagi- 
 nation, Imagination. 
 
 Einblasen, insufflatio, Insufflation. 
 
 Einblattrig, monophyllous, Unifolie. 
 
 Einblumenblattrig, monopetalous, Mono- 
 petale.
 
 EIN 
 
 Einblumenblattrige Blumenkrone, mono- 
 
 petalous corolla, *. Monopi'tale. 
 Einblumig, unifloral, Monanthe. 
 Einbliithig, same, Uniflore. 
 Einbriidig, monadelphous, Monadelphe. 
 Einbriidige Pflanzen, plants, 
 Eindringen, intromissio, Intromission. 
 Eindruck, impressio, Impression. 
 Einfach, simple, Simple. 
 Einfache Krankheiten, pi., diseases, 
 Einfache Tinktur, simple tincture, 
 Einfacher Syrup, syrup, 
 Einfaches Blatt, leaf, 
 Einfachrig, unilocular, Uniloculaire. 
 Einflusskrankheit, influenza, Influence. 
 Einformig, adj., uniform, Uniforme. 
 Einfriichtig, monocarpous, Monocarpe. 
 Einfiigung, insertion, Insertion. 
 Eingebogen, inflexus, Infle'chi. 
 EingebogenesBlattjfoliumincurvatum, 
 Eingedriickt, depressus, Deprime'. 
 Einffedruckt, adj., impressus, *. Impression. 
 Eingefugt, adj., insert us, s. Insertion. 
 Eingehiillt, adj., involucratus, Enveloppe'. 
 Eingekeilt, adj., impacted, Enclave". 
 Eingekeilter Kopf, impacted head, 
 Eingemacht, adj., preserved, Contit. 
 Eingemachte Pomeranzenschale, candied 
 
 orange-peel, s. Granger, 
 Eingemacnter Ingwer, candied ginger, s. 
 
 Gingembre. 
 
 Eingerollt, adj., involute, Involute'. 
 Eingeschlecht, unisexual, Unisexuel. 
 Eingeschlossen, adj., occlusus, s. Occlusion. 
 Eingeschlossen in eine Blase, encysted, 
 
 Enkyste'. 
 
 Eingeschnitten, adj., incisus, s. Incision. 
 Eingesenkt, adj., immersus, s. Immersion. 
 Eingeweide, viscera, s. Viscere. 
 Eingeweide in der Brust, thoracic viscera, 
 
 s. Thorax. 
 Einge weidebeschreibung, s. Splanchnogra- 
 
 phie. 
 Eingeweidedriisen, obere, glandulse cceli- 
 
 acae, s. Casliaque. 
 Eingeweidelehre, splanchnology, Splanch- 
 
 nologie. 
 Eingeweidenerv, grosser, nervus splanch- 
 
 nicus major, s. Splanchnique. 
 Eingeweidenerv, kleiner, minor, 
 Eingeweideschlagader, arteria cceliaca, s. 
 
 Cceliaque. 
 Eingeweidestein, an intestinal concretion, 
 
 Splanchnolithe. 
 Eingeweidewurm, -wiirmer, pi., intestinal 
 
 worm, worms, s. Entozoaires. 
 Eingewurzelt, adj., radicatus, Radicd 
 Einhiiusig, monoecious, Monoique. 
 EinhausigePflanzen.monoeciousplants, 
 Einheimisch, indigenous, Indigene. 
 Einhorn, Mon. monoceros, *. Monocere. 
 Einhorn, gegrabenes, fossil Monodon, 
 Einhiifig, solidungulus, s. Solipede. 
 Einhiillend,&dj.,invQl\icrans, Enveloppant. 
 llinimpfen, to inoculate, Inoculer. 
 
 569 
 
 EIS 
 
 Einimpfung, inoculatio, Inoculation. 
 
 Einimpfung der Kuhpocken, inoculation 
 of cow-pox, 
 
 Einkeilung, , s. Einschliessen. 
 
 Einklappig, univalve, Univalve. 
 
 Einklemmung, f., incarceration, Etrangle- 
 ment. 
 
 Einklemmung der Gedarme, strangulation 
 of the bowels, 
 
 Einknollige Pflanzen, pi., plants with one 
 tuber, *. Monorchide. 
 
 Einkopfig, monocephalus, Monocdphale. 
 
 Einkorn, n., T. monococcum, *. Froment. 
 
 Einkornig, s. Einsamig. 
 
 Einlippig, unilabiatus, Unilabie'. 
 
 Einmannig, monandrous, s. Monandrie. 
 
 Einmannige Bliithen, monand. flowers, 
 
 Einmiindung, inosculatio, Inosculation. 
 
 Einmiindung der Gefasse, inosculation of 
 vessels, s. Anastomose. 
 
 Einpropfung der Blattern, inoculation of 
 small-pox, s. Variole. 
 
 Einreiben, friction, Friction. 
 
 Einrichtung, f., s. Reduction. 
 
 Einrichtung eines Knochenbruchs, reduc- 
 tion of fracture of a bone, 
 
 Einrichtung einer Verrenkung, reduction 
 of a dislocation, 
 
 Einsalben, Einschmieren, n., s. Einreiben. 
 
 Einsamenlappig, monocotyledonous, Mo- 
 nocotyle'don. 
 
 Einsamenlappige Pflanzen, monocotyledo- 
 nous plants, Monocotyle'done'es. 
 
 Einsamig, monospermous, Monosperme. 
 
 Einsaugen, imbibitio, Imbibition. 
 
 Einsaugend, absorbent, Absorbant. 
 
 F^insaugende Gefasse, absorbent vessels, 
 
 Einsaugung, absorptio, Absorption. 
 
 Einschlafen, drowsiness, Assoupissement. 
 
 Einschliessen, impaction, Enclavement. 
 
 Einschnitt, incisio, Incision. 
 
 Einspritzung, injectio, Injection. 
 
 Eintatig, ephemeral, Ephemere. 
 
 Eintatiges Fieber, fever, Ephe'meropy re. 
 
 Eintauchen, s. Untertauchen. 
 
 Eintropfelung, instillatio, Instillation. 
 
 Einwartsdrehung der Augenlieder, inver- 
 sio palpebrarum , Entropion. 
 
 Einwartsgekrummt, bent inward, Inflechi. 
 
 Einwartskehrung der Augenwimpern, in- 
 version of the eye-lashes, Trichiase. 
 
 Einw'dssern, n., maceratio, Maceration. 
 
 Einweibig, monogynous, Monogyne. 
 
 Einweibige Pflanzen, monogyn. plants, 
 
 Einzelblumenblattrig, unipetalous, Uni- 
 petale. 
 
 Einzelne s. Sporadische Krankheiten. 
 
 Eirund, Eyrund, oval, Ovale. 
 
 Eis, ice, Glace. 
 
 Eisberg, glacier, Glacier. 
 
 Eisen, iron, Fer. 
 
 Eisen, alaunhaltiges blausaures, s. Berlin- 
 erblau. 
 
 Eisen, apfelsaures, malate of iron, Fer. 
 
 Eisen, auflosliches,s. Eisenhalt.Weinstein. 
 
 20
 
 EIS 
 
 Eisen, blausaures, hydrocyanate of iron, s. 
 Hydrocyanate. 
 
 Eisen, essigsaures, acetate of , s. Acetate. 
 
 Eisen, gekohltes, s. Graphit. 
 
 Eisen, gepulvertes metallisches, s. Eisen- 
 feile. 
 
 Eisen, gliihendes, hot iron, s. Incandescent. 
 
 Eisen, kohlensaures, carbonate of iron, s. 
 Carbonate. 
 
 Eisen, krystallisirtes schwefelsaures, crys- 
 tallized sulphate of iron, s. Sulfate. 
 
 Eisen, phosphorsaures, phosphate of iron, 
 s. Phosphate, et Fer. 
 
 Eisen, rothes salzsaures, hydrochlorate of 
 iron, s. Hydrochlorate, et Fer. 
 
 Eisen, schwarzes oxydulirtes, black oxide 
 of iron, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisen, weinsaures, s. Eisenwein. 
 
 Eisenerz,n., iron-ore, s. Ferrugineux. 
 
 Eisenextract, apfelsaures, s. Eisenhaltiges 
 Quittenextract. 
 
 Eisenfeile, praparh'te, Eisenpul ver, prepar- 
 ed iron-filings, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisenhaltig, containing iron, Ferrugineux. 
 
 Eisenhaltige Quittentinctur, Tinctura 
 ferri cydoniata, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisenhaltiger Salmiak, Murias ammonise 
 et ferri, 
 
 Eisenhaltiger Schwefelathergeist, Spiritus 
 setheris sulphuric! martiatus, 
 
 Eisenhaltiger Weinstein, Ferrum tartari- 
 satum seu Tartras Ferri, 
 
 Eisenhaltiges Quittenextract, Extractum 
 martis cydoniatum, 
 
 Eisenhaltiges mineralisches Wasser, cha- 
 lybeate mineral water, s. Ferrugineux. 
 
 Eisenhut, Aconitum, Aconit. 
 
 Eisenhutblatter, pi., folia A. napelli, 
 
 Eisenhutextract, n., Extractum Aconiti, 
 
 Eisenhuttinctur, f., Tinctura Aconiti, 
 
 Eisenliquor, Schobeltscher phosphorsaur- 
 er, solution of phosphate of iron, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisenmohr, s. Eis., schwarz. oxydulirtes. 
 
 Eisenoxyd, braunrothes kohlensaures, s. 
 Eisen, kohlensaures. 
 
 Eisenoxyd s. Eisen essigsaures. 
 
 Eisenoxyd s. Eisen, rothes salzsaures. 
 
 Eisenoxydhaltiges salzsaures Ammonium, 
 s. Eisenhaltiger Salmiak. 
 
 Eisenoxydhaltiges weinsteinsaures Kali, s. 
 Eisen, aufloslicher. 
 
 Eisenoxydtinctur, blutrothe anthrazothi- 
 onsaure, tinct. of prussiate of iron, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisenoxydul, schwarzes, s. Eisen, schwarz- 
 es oxydulirtes. 
 
 Eisenoxydul, schwefelsaures, sulphate of 
 iron, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisenrost, rust of iron, s. Rouille. 
 
 Eisenrostbraun,ferrugineous,Ferrugineux 
 
 Eisensafran, erbffnender, s. Eisen, kohlen- 
 saures. 
 
 Eisensalmiak, Eisensahniakblumen, s. Ei- 
 senhaltiger Salmiak. 
 
 Eisenschilssig, adj., ferrugineous, Ferrugi- 
 neux. 
 
 570 
 
 EIT 
 
 Eisenschwarze, s. Graphit. 
 
 Eisenstein, m., s. Eisenerz. 
 
 Eisentinctur, apfelsaure, Tinctura ferri 
 pomata, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisentinctur, atherische essigsaure, Tinct- 
 ura ferri acetici setherea, 
 
 Eisentinctur, salzsaure, Tinctura ferri mu- 
 riata, 
 
 Eisentinctur, weinsteinsaure,Tinctura fer- 
 ri tartarisata, 
 
 Eisenvitriol, sulphate of iron, s. Vitriol. 
 
 Eisenwein, Vinum ferri, s. Fer. 
 
 Eisenweinstein, s. Eisen, auflb'sliches. 
 
 Eisenweinsteinkugeln, Tabellse de ferro, 
 s. Fer. 
 
 Eisenwerke, pi., ferramenta, Ferramens. 
 
 Eisgrube, ice-house, Glaciere. 
 
 Eisicht, glacial, icy, Glacial. 
 
 Eiskalt, icy-cold, 
 
 Eiskaltes Wasser, aqua gelida, s. Gelee. 
 
 Eiskraut, n.,Eisp_flanze, f.,Mesembryanthe- 
 mum crystallinum, Ficoide crystallin. 
 
 Eisselwurm, m., P. asellus, s. Cloporte. 
 
 EistoiF, s. Eiweisstoff. 
 
 two^e/,m.,Alcedoispida,Martin-Pecheur. 
 
 Eiter, pus, Pus. 
 
 Eiterabgang, andauernder, continued flow 
 of pus, Pyorrhe'e. 
 
 Eiterabgang, pltozlicher, sudden flow of 
 pus, Pyorrhagie. 
 
 Eiteransammlung, collection of pus, s. Col- 
 lection. 
 
 Eiteransammlung in Uterus, collection of 
 pus in utero, Pyometre. 
 
 Eiterauge, hypopyon, Hypopyon. 
 
 Eiterauswurf, m., s. Eiterspeien. 
 
 Eiterband, n., seton, Se'ton. 
 
 Eiterbandes,Einziehen,introduction of , 
 
 Eiterbauch, pyocoelia, Pyoce'lie. 
 
 Eiterbefordernd, s. Eitermachend. 
 
 Eiterbeule, apostema, Aposteme. 
 
 Eiterbeulenartig,apostemoid,Apostemoide 
 
 Eiterbildung, pyogenia, Pyogenie. 
 
 Eiterbrechen, pyemesia, Pyoemese. 
 
 Eiterbruch, empyocele, Empyocele. 
 
 Eiterbrust, Empyema, Pyothorax. 
 
 Eiterdurchfall, pyochezia, Pyoche'zie. 
 
 Eiterfb'rmig, puriform, Puriforme. 
 
 Eitergeschwulst, s. Eiterbeule. 
 
 Eitergeschwiir, ulcer, Ulcere. 
 
 Eiterharnen, pyuria, Pyurie. 
 
 Eitericht, Eiterig, purulent, Purulent. 
 
 Eiterichtes Harnen, s. Eiterharnen. 
 
 Eiterige Augenentziindung, purulent oph- 
 thalmy, Pyophthalmie. 
 
 Eitermachend, suppurative, Suppuratif. 
 
 Eitermachende Mittel, suppuratives, . 
 
 Eiternabel,empyomphalus,Empyomphale. 
 
 Eiternessel, m., Urtica urens, s. Ortie. 
 
 Eiterprobe, f., trial of pus, s. Docimasie. 
 
 Eitersack, vomica, Vomique. 
 
 Eiterschnur, f., -schniire, pi., s. Eiterband. 
 
 Eiterspeien, purulent expectoration, Py- 
 optisie. 
 
 Eiterstock, m., s. Eiterbeule.
 
 ELL 
 
 Eiterung, suppuration, Suppuration. 
 
 Eiteruug, gutartige, benignant , 
 
 JEiterungsfieber, n., suppurative fever, *. 
 Suppuratif. 
 
 Eiterverbreitung, purulent metastasis,Py- 
 oplanie. 
 
 Eithier, Eithiere, pi., Oozoon, Oozoaire. 
 
 Eiweiss, albumen, Albumen. 
 
 Eiweissstoff, albumen, Albumine. 
 
 Ekel, disgust, loathing, nausea, Dugout. 
 
 Ekel, anhaltender, continued , s. Anode. 
 
 Ekel f iir des Essen , for food, Apositie. 
 
 Ekel von Uebersatigung, loathing from 
 satiety, Ase. 
 
 Ekelkaft, nauseating, Nause'abond. 
 
 Ekstase, extacy, Extase. 
 
 Elain, Elaine, Elaina, Elaine. 
 
 Elasticitat, elasticity, Elasticite. 
 
 Elastisch, elastic, Elastique. 
 
 Elastische Organe, pi., elastic organs, 
 
 Elastisches Harz, s. Federharz. 
 
 Elaterium, n., s. Eselskurbissaft-Extract. 
 
 Elbogen, Ellenbogen, elbow, Coude. 
 
 Elektricitat, electricity, Electricite'. 
 
 Elektricitat, thierische, animal , 
 
 Elektricitatmesser, Elektrometer, electro- 
 meter, Electrometre. 
 
 Elektrisch, electrical, Electrique. 
 
 ElektrischeErscheinungen, electrical phe- 
 nomena, s. Electrogene. 
 
 Elektrisiren, electrization, Electrisation. 
 
 Elektrisirmaschine, electrical machine, s. 
 Electrique. 
 
 Elektrologie, f., electrology, Electrologie. 
 
 Elektro-magnetisch, electro-magnetic, E- 
 lectro-Magne'tique. 
 
 Elektro-magnetismus, m., electro-magnet- 
 ism, Electro-Magnetisme. 
 
 Element,n.,Elemente,pl.,element, Element. 
 
 Elementarisch, elementary, Elementaire. 
 
 Elemiharz, resina Elemi, Elemi. 
 
 Elemiharzsalbe, Unguentum Elemi, 
 
 Elemistrauch, m., Amyris elemifera, 
 
 Elendhirsch,Elendthier,Cervusalces,Elan. 
 
 Elephant, Elephas, Ele'phant. 
 
 Elephantenfuss, Elephantopus, Elephan- 
 tope. 
 
 Elephantenkafer, m., Curculio, s. Calandre. 
 
 Elephantenlaus.fructus Anacardii,Acajou. 
 
 Elephantenlausbaum,Anacardium,Anacar- 
 dier. 
 
 Elephantenstein, m., bezoar elephantinum, 
 s. Bezoard. 
 
 Elephantenzahn, m., Dentalium elephanti- 
 num, s. Dentate. 
 
 Elephantiasis, f., , Elephantiasis. 
 
 Elfenbein, ivory, Ivoire. 
 
 Elfenbein, gegrabenes, fossil ivory, 
 
 Elixir, n., Elixire, pi., elixir, Elixir. 
 
 Ellenbogenbein, ulna, Cubitus. 
 
 Ellenbogenblutadern, pi., ulnar or cubital 
 veins, s. Cubital. 
 
 Ellenbogendriisen,pl.,glandulaecubitales_ 
 
 Ellenbogengelenk, m., elbow-joint, Articu- 
 lation hume'ro-cubitale. 
 
 571 
 
 ENE 
 
 Ellenbogengelenkverrenkung, f., luxation of 
 the elbow-joint, s. Luxation. 
 
 Ellenbogengelenkwinddorn,oder-verderb- 
 niss, caries of , Olecranarthrocace. 
 
 Ellenbogengicht, gout in , Pechyagre. 
 
 Ellenbogenhocker, s. Olekranon. 
 
 Ellenbogenmuskel, ausserer, Extensor car- 
 pi ulnaris, s. Cubital. 
 
 Ellenbogenmuskel, innerer, Flexor , 
 
 Ellenbogenmuskeln, cubital muscles, 
 
 Ellenbogennerv, ulnar nerve, 
 
 Ellenbogennetz, n.,rete articulare cubiti, 
 
 Ellenbogenpulsader, Ellenbogenschlagad- 
 er, ulnar artery, 
 
 Ellenbogenrohre, kleine, s. Speiche. 
 
 Else, f., Clupea alosa, Alose. 
 
 Elsebaum, Rhamnus frangula, s. Nerprun. 
 
 Email, m., enamel, Email. 
 
 Embryoktonie, -octony, Embryoctonie. 
 
 Embryon, embryo, Embryon. 
 
 Embryothlast, embryothlasta, Embryoth- 
 laste. 
 
 Embryotom, embryotomus, Embryotome. 
 
 Embryotomie, embryotomy, Embryotomie. 
 
 Embryulkie, embryulcia, Embryulcie. 
 
 Emetin, n., emetine, Kme'tine. 
 
 Emeu, Dromis Novae H.o\\&nAi3e,s.Casque. 
 
 Empfindend, adj., sensitive, Sensitif. 
 
 Empfindende Pflanze, plant, s. Mimose. 
 
 Empfmdlich, sensible, Sensible. 
 
 Empfindlichkeit, sensibility, Sensibilite. 
 
 Empfindlichkeit, verminderte, diminished 
 sensibility, 
 
 Empfindung, sensation, Sensation. 
 
 Empfindungssitz, sensorium, Sensorium. 
 
 Emphysem, emphysema, Emphyseme. 
 
 Empirie, Empirik, empiricism, Empirisme. 
 
 Empirisch, empyrical, Empyrique. 
 
 Empirische Arzneikunst, medicine, 
 
 Empirischer Arzt, empirical physician, 
 
 Emprosthotonus, emprosthotonus, Em- 
 prosthotonos. 
 
 Empyem, empyema, Empyeme. 
 
 Empyreuma, empyreuma, Empyreume. 
 
 Empyreumatisch, empyreumatic, Empy- 
 reumatique. 
 
 Empyreumatische Oele, oils, 
 
 Emulsion, f., emulsio, Emulsion. 
 
 Encyklopadie,encyclopaedia,Encyclope'die. 
 
 Encyklopadisch, encyclopedian, Encyclo- 
 pedique. 
 
 Encyklopiidisches Worterbuch, encyclo- 
 pedic Dictionary, 
 
 Encyklopadist, encyclopaedist, Encyclope- 
 diste. 
 
 Ende, ausserste, extremity, Extremite. 
 
 Endemic, f., endemia, Endemie. 
 
 Endemisch, endemic, Endemique. 
 
 Endemische Krankheit, endem. disease, 
 
 Endemische Pflanzen, endemic plants, 
 
 Endivien, End. ffemeine,Cichorium endivia, 
 s. Chicoree. 
 
 Endosmose, f., endosmosis, Endosmose. 
 
 Energie, energy, Energie. 
 
 Energisch, adj., energetic, Energique.
 
 ENT 
 
 Engbriistig, asthmatic, Asthrnatique. 
 
 Engbriistigkeit, asthma, Asthme. 
 
 Enge, f., strait, contraction, Detroit. 
 
 Enge zwischen Mund und Schlund, isth- 
 mus faucium, 5. Isthme. 
 
 Enge der Vorhaut, phimosis, Phimose. 
 
 Engelkraut, Engelwurz, s. Angelika. 
 
 Engelwurz grosse, Angelica archangelica, 
 s. Any clique. 
 
 Englische Knochenkrankheit, rachitis, Ra- 
 chitis. 
 
 Enkanthis, encanthis, Encanthis. 
 
 Entartung, degeneration, Degeneration. 
 
 Entartung organischer Theile, degenera- 
 tion of organic parts, 
 
 Entbindung, parturition, Accouchement. 
 
 Entbindunyskunst, f , obstetric art, Obste- 
 tricie. 
 
 Entbindungswerkzeuge, instruments, 
 
 Entblatterung, defbliatio, De'foliation. 
 
 Entblosst, denuded, Denude. 
 
 Entblossung, denudatio, De'nudation. 
 
 Ente, Entvogel, m., Anas, Canard. 
 
 Ente, wilde oder gemeine, Anas boschas, 
 
 Enten, Anates, Canards. 
 
 Enterocele, f., enterocele, Enterocele. 
 
 Enterotom, enterotomus, Ente"rotome. 
 
 Enterotomie, f., enterotomy, Ente'rotomie. 
 
 Entfarbt, discoloured, Decolore. 
 
 Entfarbung, discoloration, Decoloration. 
 
 Entfernung des Blasensteins, removal of a 
 vesical concretion, s. Lithotoniie. 
 
 Entfernung des Zahnsteins, removal of 
 tartar of the teeth, s. Odontollthe. 
 
 Entgegengesetzt, opposed, Oppose. 
 
 Enthaltsam, abstinent, Abstinent. 
 
 Enthaltsam vom Weine, abstemious, Ab- 
 steme. 
 
 Enthaltsamkeit, abstinence, Abstinence. 
 
 Enthaltung von Nahrung, from food, 
 
 Enthauptung, decollatio, Ddcollement. 
 
 Entkraftung, virium defectio, Epuisement. 
 
 Entmannung, castratio, Castration. 
 
 Entomologie, f., entomology, Entomologie. 
 
 Entomoloyisch, adj., entomological, Entomo- 
 logique. 
 
 Entscheidend, *. Kritisch. 
 
 Entscheidende s. Kritische Tage. 
 
 Entscheidung einer Krankheit, crisis of a 
 disease, *. Crise. 
 
 Entwickelung, evolution, Evolution. 
 
 Entwbhnen von der Mutterbrust, wean- 
 ing, s. Ablactation. 
 
 Entwb'hnung, same, Sevrage. 
 
 Entziindbar, inflammable, Inflammable. 
 
 Entziindbarkeit, inflammability, Inflam- 
 mabilite. 
 
 Enlziindet, inflamed, Phlogode. 
 
 Entziindete Haut, inflamed membrane, 
 
 Entziindeter Zustand, condition, 
 
 Entziindetes Blut, inflamed blood, 
 
 Entziindlich, Entziindsartig, phlegmon- 
 ous, phlegmonoid, Phlegmonode. 
 
 Entziindung, inflammation, Inflammation. 
 
 Entziindung, active, active , *. Actif. 
 
 572 
 
 ENT 
 
 Entzundung,adhasive,adhesive inflamma- 
 tion, *. Adhesi/. 
 
 Entziindung, allgemeine, general inflam- 
 mation, Pnlegmon. 
 
 Entziind. der Aponeurosen, inflammation 
 of the fasciae, s. Aponevrose. 
 
 Entziind. der Arterien, inflammation of 
 arteries, Arterite. 
 
 Entziind., asthenische> asthenic inflamma- 
 tion, s. Asthenique. 
 
 Entziind. der weissen Augenhaut, of 
 tunica albuginea oculi, *. Albugine. 
 
 Entziind. der Augenhohlenhaut, inflamma- 
 tion of orbitar periosteum, Periorbitite. 
 
 Entziind. des Beinhautchens, periostitis, 
 Periostite. 
 
 Entziindung der Bindehaut desAuges,in- 
 flammatio conj. oculi, s. Conjonctive. 
 
 Entziind. der Blutgefasse, inflammation of 
 blood-vessels, s. Vaisseau. 
 
 Entziind., bosartige, malignant inflamma- 
 tion, s. Malin. 
 
 Entziind., brandige, gangrenous inflamma- 
 tion, A-. Gangreneux. 
 
 Entziind. der Briiste, mastitis, Mastite. 
 
 Entziind. des Brustfells und der Lungen, 
 pleuro-pneumony, Pleuro-Pneumonie. 
 
 Entziind. der Eierstbcke, inflammation of 
 the ovaries, Oophorite. 
 
 Entziind. der Eustachischen JRbhre, of 
 the Eustachian tube, s. Trompe. 
 
 Entziind. des Gangliennervensy stems. 
 of ganglionic system, s. Ganglionique. 
 
 EntziincTder fibrosenGebilde, of fibrous 
 structures, s. Fibreux. 
 
 Entziind. des Gehirns und der Hirnhaute, 
 inflammation of the brain and cerebral 
 membranes, Enc^phalite. 
 
 Entziind. der Gekrosdriisen, of the me- 
 senteric glands, s. Mesenterique. 
 
 Entziind. der Gelenkbander, of the ar- 
 ticular ligaments, Syndesmite. 
 
 Entziind. der Gelenke, inflammation of the 
 joints, Arthrite. 
 
 Entziind. der Gelenk- Enden der Knoch- 
 en, of articular extremities of bones, 
 s. Articulaire. 
 
 Entziind. der Gelenkkapseln, of the ar- 
 ticular capsules, s. Capsule. 
 
 Entziind., gichtische, gouty inflammation, 
 s. Goutteux. 
 
 Entz und . , gutartige, healthy , E uphlogie. 
 
 Entziind. der Harnblase, inflammation of 
 urinary bladder, Cystite. 
 
 Entziind. der fibrosen Haute, of the fi- 
 brous membranes, s. Fibreux. 
 
 Entziind. der harten Hirnhaut, inflamma- 
 tion of dura mater, Me'ningite. 
 
 Entziind., hitzige, acute inflammation, s. 
 Aiffu. 
 
 Entziind. der Hornhaut, inflammation of 
 the cornea, Ke'ratite. 
 
 Entziind. des Hiiftgelenks.coxitis, Coxite. 
 
 Entziind., idiopathische, idiopathic inflam- 
 mation, s. Idiopathique.
 
 ENT 
 
 Entziindung, katarrhalische, catarrhal in- 
 fiatnmation, s, Catarrhal. 
 
 Entziind. des Kehlkopfs oder Luftrohren- 
 kopfs, laryngitis, Laryngite. 
 
 Entziind. der Kinnbackenhohlen, inflam- 
 mation of maxillary antra, s. Antre. 
 
 Entziind. der Knorpel, inflammation of 
 cartilages, Chondrite. 
 
 Entziind., langwierige, chronic, slow in- 
 flammation, s. Chronique. 
 
 Entziind. der Leber, scnleichende, chronic 
 inflammation of liver, s. Hepatite. 
 
 Entziind. der Leber, tropische, tropical in- 
 flammation of liver, 
 
 Entziind. des Lendenmuskels hitzige, a- 
 cute of Psoas muscle, Psoite. 
 
 Entziind. des Lendenmuskels, langwier- 
 ige, chronic , 
 
 Entziind. der Luftrohrenaste, bronchitis, 
 Bronchite. 
 
 Entziind. der Lymphgefasse, inflammation 
 of lymphatic vessels, Angioleucite. 
 
 Entziind. der Magen, rosenartige, erysip- 
 elatous of stomach, s. Gastrite. 
 
 Entziind. des Mandels, inflammation of 
 the tonsil, Amygdalite. 
 
 Enlziind.,metastatische,metastaticinflam- 
 mation, s. Mitastatique. 
 
 Entziind. des Milchbrustganges, inflam- 
 mation of thoracic duct, s. Thorachique. 
 
 Entziind. des Mittelfells, of the medi- 
 astinum, Mediastinite. 
 
 Entziind. des Mutterkuchens, of the 
 placenta, s. Placenta. 
 
 Entziind. des Nagelgliedes, of ungeal 
 phalanx, paronychia, Panaris. 
 
 Entziind. der Nebenhoden, of the epi- 
 didymes, s. Epididyme. 
 
 Entziind. der Ohrspeicheldriise, of the 
 parotid gland, Parotite. 
 
 Entziind., passive, passive inflammation, 
 s. Passif. 
 
 Entziind., phagedanische, phagedenic , 
 s. Phagedenique. 
 
 Entziind, pustulose des Ileums, pustular 
 inflammation of ileum, s. Pustule. 
 
 Entziind.derRegenbogenhaut, iritisjrite. 
 
 Entziind. der Saugadern, inflammation of 
 absorbent vessels, s. Absorbant. 
 
 Entziind. der Schamlefzen, of labia pu- 
 pendi vel vulva, s. Episiocele. 
 
 Entziind. der Scheide, inflammation of va- 
 gina, Elytrite. 
 
 Entztind. der Schilddriise, of the thy- 
 roid gland, s. Thyroide. 
 
 Entziind. der Schleimhaute, inflammation 
 of mucous membranes, s. Muqueux. 
 
 Entziind., serose, serous inflammation, s. 
 Sireux. 
 
 Entziind., specifische, specific , *. Sped- 
 Jique. 
 
 Entziind. der Stirnhohlen, inflammation 
 of frontal sinuses, Me'topantrite. 
 
 E- ziind., sympathische, sympathetic in- 
 flammation, s. Sympathique. 
 
 573 
 
 ERB 
 
 Entziindung, sy mptomatischc, symptoma- 
 tic , s. Symptomatiqut. 
 
 Entziind. der Synovialhaut, inflammation 
 of synovial membrane, s. tiynovial. 
 
 Entziind. der Thranendriise, of lacry- 
 mal gland, Dacryoade'nite. 
 
 Entziind. des Thranensacks, of lacry- 
 mal sack, Dacryocystite. 
 
 Entziind. des Trommelfells, of membra- 
 na tympani, Myringite. 
 
 Entziind. typhose, typhous inflammation, 
 s. Typhode. 
 
 Entziind. der Venen, phlebitis, Phlebite. 
 
 Entziind., verborgene, occult inflamma- 
 tion, s. Cache, et Latent. 
 
 Entziind. der Vorhaut, inflammatio prae- 
 putii, Posthite. 
 
 Entziind. der Wirbelbeine, inflammation 
 of the vertebrae, Spondylite. 
 
 Entziind. der Zahnfleisches, of the gum, 
 s. Gencive. 
 
 Entziind. des 2Tellgewebes, inflammation 
 of cellular tissue, . Cellulaire. 
 
 Entziind. der Zunge, glossitis, Glossite. 
 
 Entztindungsbeule, t., phlegmonous abscess, 
 s. Phlegmonode. 
 
 Entziindungsfieber, inflammatory fever, 
 Phlegmonopyre. 
 
 Entziindungsgeschwullst, phlegmonous 
 swelling, s. Phlegmon. 
 
 Entziindungshaut auf dem Blute, crusta 
 phlogistica, s. Couenne. 
 
 Enzian, Gentiana, Gentiane. 
 
 Enzian, gelber, gemeiner, G. lutea, 
 
 Enzianextract, Extractum Gentianic, 
 
 Enziantinctur, Tinctura Gentianae, 
 
 Ephenartig, hederaceous, He'de're. 
 
 Epheu, Hedera, Lierre. 
 
 Epidemie, epidemy, Epidemie. 
 
 Epidemisch, epidemic, Epidemique. 
 
 Epidemische Krankheiten, epidemic dis- 
 eases, 
 
 Epiffynisch, adj., epigynous, Epigyne. 
 
 Epigynische Staubtaden, stamens, 
 
 Epikrise, epicrisis, Epicrise. 
 
 Epilepsie, epilepsy, Epilepsie. 
 
 Epileptisch, epileptic, Epileptique. 
 
 Epileptischer Antall, paroxysm, 
 
 Epiphyse, epiphysis, Epiphyse. 
 
 Epiploitis, epiploitis, Epiploite. 
 
 Eppich, Apium, Ache. 
 
 Eppich, wilder, Apium graveolens, 
 
 Erbgrind, m., Tinea, Teigne. 
 
 Erbkrankheit, hereditary disease, s. 
 
 Erblich, hereditary, He're'ditaire. 
 
 Erbrechen, vomiting, Vomissement. 
 
 Erbrechen, blutiges, s. Blutbrechen. 
 
 Erbrechen durcn Diatfehler, vomiting 
 from errors of diet, s. Vomissement. 
 
 Erbrechen, 
 
 Erbrechen, 
 
 Erbrechen 
 coral. 
 
 Erbrechen, kramphaftes, spasmodic vomit- 
 ing, s. Spasmodique,
 
 ERF 
 
 Erbrechen, saures, acid vomiting, s. Aclde. 
 Erbrechen der Schwangern, vomiting of 
 
 pregnant women, s. Grossesse. 
 Erbrechen, schwarzes, black , s. Melana. 
 Erbrechen schwarzgalliges, vomiting of 
 
 black bile, s. Melancholic. 
 Erbrechend, adj., emetic, Vomitif. 
 Erbrechenstillend, adj., ante-emetic, Ante- 
 
 ine'tique. 
 
 Erbrechenstillende Mittel, remedies, 
 Erbrecht, heritage, He'redite'. 
 Erbse, Pisum, Pois. 
 Erbse gemeine, Pisum sativum, 
 Erbsen, Indianische rothe, semina Abri 
 
 precatorii, s. Abrus. 
 Erbsenbein, os pisiforme, s. Pisiforme. 
 Erbsenformig, pisiform, Pisiforme. 
 Erbsenkafer, Bruchus pisi, 5. Bruche. 
 Erdapfel, radix Solani tuberosi, s. Morelle. 
 Erdbad, n., earth-bath, s. Bain. 
 Erdbeerbaum, Arbutus, Arbousier. 
 Erdbeere, strawberry, Fraise. 
 Erdbeerkraut, -pflanze, Fragaria, Fraisier. 
 Erdbeerpocke, Framboesia, Pian. 
 Erdbeerwasser,n.,Aquafragariae,*..Fraister. 
 Erdbeschreibung, geography, Geographic. 
 Erdbildung, geogeny, Geoge'nie. 
 Erde, earth, Terre. 
 Erde, japanische, s. Catechu. 
 Erdeichel, f., s. Erdnuss. 
 Erdeicheln, pi., tubera Lathyri tuberosi, et 
 
 Bunii bulbocastani, s. Gland. 
 Erdepheu, m., Glechoma heder.,s. Terrestre. 
 Erdglime, f., -glimen, pi., larva Melolonthse 
 
 vulgaris, Ver blanc. 
 Erdhaft, Erdig, earthy, Terreux. 
 Erdharz, m., Erdfett, n., s. Erdpech. 
 Erdhummel, f, Apis terrestris, s. Bourdon. 
 Erdkastanien, Erdmandeln, pi., tubera La- 
 thyri tuberosi, s. Gesse. 
 Erdlehre, Erdkunde, geology, Geologic. 
 Erdmesskunde, geometry, Ge'ome'trie. 
 Erdnuss, Arachis, Arachide. 
 Erdnuss, unterirdische, A. hypogosa, 
 Erdnuss, f., Bunium bulbocastanum, Noix 
 
 de Terre. 
 Erdol, s. Bergol. 
 Erdpech, bitumen, Bitume. 
 Erdpistazie, f., s. Erdnuss unterirdische. 
 Erdrauch, Fumaria, Fumeterre. 
 Erdrauch, officineller, F. officinalis, 
 Erdrauchextract, Extractum Fumariae, 
 Erdrauchsaft, frisch ausgepresster, succus 
 
 recens-expressus Fumariae. 
 Erdraupen, pi., Iarva3 terricolae, s. Terricole. 
 Erdrinde, crust of the earth, s. Ecorce. 
 Erdschnecke, f., Limax, Limace. 
 Erdschwamm, s. Schwamm. 
 Erd wurm,Lumbricus terrestris,*. Terrestre. 
 Erdwurz, , C. europasum, s. Cyclame. 
 Erectile Gewebe, erectile tissue, s. Erectile. 
 Erectile Organe, pi., erectile organs, 
 Erectvm,krampfhafte, spasmodic erection, s. 
 
 I'napismc. 
 
 Erfahrung, experience, Experience. 
 574 
 
 ESC 
 
 Erfrierung, f., freezing, Congelation. 
 Erhaben, elevated, Ele've. 
 Erhaben rund, convex, Convexe. 
 Erhabener Theil in der Harnrohre, eleva- 
 
 ted part in urethra, Verumontanum. 
 Erhabenheit, f., eminence, Eminence. 
 Erhabenheiten im Gehirn, hintere runde, 
 
 inferior round eminences in brain, Nates. 
 Erhaltung der Gesundheit, preservation of 
 
 health, Hygiene. 
 Erhohung, eminence, Eminence. 
 Erkelkraut, n., Lathyrus tuberosus,s.Gcs<?. 
 Erkennung der Krankheit, diagnosis mor- 
 
 bi, Diagnose. 
 
 Erlenbaum, m., Betula alnus, s.Bouleau. 
 Ernahrung, nutrition, Nutrition. 
 Ernahrung, schlechte, s. Kakotrophie. 
 Erniedrigung, exinanitio, Exinanition. 
 Eroffnena, s. Oeffnend. 
 Eroffhunff, f., incisio, Incision. 
 Eroflfhung der Abscesse, incisio abscessu- 
 
 um, s. Abces. 
 
 Er6fthungderSchlagadern,s.Arteriotomie. 
 Erdffnung der Venen, phlebotomy, Phle- 
 
 botomie. 
 
 Erotisch, erotic, E'rotique. 
 Erregung, excitatio, Excitation. 
 Erscheinung, Erscheinungen, pi., pheno- 
 
 menon, Phe'nomene. 
 Erschlaffend, adj., relaxing, Relachant. 
 Erschlaffende Mittel, remedies, 
 Erschlaffer des Paukenfells, Laxator tym- 
 
 pani, Acoustico-Malle'en. 
 Erschlaffung, relaxation, Relaxation. 
 ErschiiUerung, f., commotion, Commotion. 
 Erschiitterung des Gehirns, of brain, 
 Erstarret, stupefactus, Engourdi. 
 Erstarrung, stupefectio, Engourdissement. 
 Erstickung, suifocation, Etouffement. 
 Ertrinkung, f., drowning, Submersion. 
 Ertrunken,a&j., submerged, Submerge. 
 Erlrunkener, m., a drowned person, 
 Erwarmende Mittel, pi., calefacients, s. 
 Erwarmung, calefaction, Calefaction. 
 Erwechend, adj., exciting, Excitant. 
 
 Erweichend, emollient, Emollient. 
 Erweichende Mittel,emollient remedies, 
 Erweichung des Gehirns, softening of the 
 
 brain, Ramollissement du cerveau. 
 Erweichung, krankhafte der natiirlichen 
 
 Gewebe, morbid of natural texture, 
 Erweiternd, adj., dilating, Dilatant. 
 Erweiternde Muskeln, dilating muscles, 
 Erweitert, dilated, Dilate. 
 Erweiterung, f., dilatation, Dilatation. 
 Erweiterung des Herzens, diastole cordis, 
 
 s. Diastole. 
 Erweiterungsinstrument, dilator, Dilata- 
 
 teur. 
 
 Erysipelas, erysipelas, Erysipele. 
 Erz, n., mineral ore, s. Mineral. 
 Erzmutter, f., matrix, Matrice. 
 Esche, bliihende, Fraxinus ornus,s.Manne. 
 Esche, gemeine, F. excelsior, s.Frene.
 
 ESS 
 
 Eschenbaum, Fraxinus, Frene. 
 
 Eschenbaum, wilder, s. Esche, gemeine. 
 
 Eschlauch, Esslauch, m., Allium ascaloni- 
 cum, s. Echalotte. 
 
 Esel, Eselin, f'., Asinus, Ane. 
 
 Esel, junger, asellus, 
 
 Esel, wilder, onager, Ane sauvage. 
 
 Eselsbalsamapfel, -giirke, s. Eselskurbiss. 
 
 Eselsbohne, f., Vicia faba, s. Five. 
 
 Eselsfleisch, caro asinina, s. Ane. 
 
 Eselskiirbis, M. elaterium, Elaterium. 
 
 Eselskiirbissaft, succus M. Elaterii, _ 
 
 Eselskiirbissaft-Extract, elaterium, 
 
 Eselslattich, Tussilago farfara,*. Tussilage. 
 
 Eselsmilch, lac asininum, s. Ane. 
 
 Essen,unsatterliches, s. Esslust, ubermass. 
 
 Essenbaum, m., Ulmus, Orme. 
 
 Essenz, essence, Essence. 
 
 Essig, vinegar, Vinaigre. 
 
 Essig, concentrirter, concentrated , 
 
 Essig, destillirter, distilled -_, 
 
 Essig, gewurzhafter, aromatic , 
 
 Essigalkohol, -ather, acetic ether, s. Ether. 
 
 Essigartig, adj., acetous, Ace'teux. 
 
 Essigdorn, s. Sauerdorn. 
 
 Essiffmolken,f., serum acetatum,.s. Petit-Lait 
 
 Essigrose, f., R. gallica, s. Rosier. 
 
 Essigsaure, acetic acid, s. Acetique. 
 
 Essigsaure, reine, pure, concentrated ,_ 
 
 Essigsaure Kaliflussigkeit, solution of ace- 
 tate of potass, s. Acetate. 
 
 Essigsaure Soda, s. Essigsaures Natron. 
 
 Essigsaures Ammoniak, acetate of ammo- 
 nia, s. Acetate. 
 
 Essigsaures Ammon., rliissiges, liquid , 
 
 Essigsaures Blei, acetate of lead, 
 
 Essigsaures Kali, acetate of potass, 
 
 Essigsaures Kupfer, acetate of copper, 
 
 Essigsaures Morphium, of morphia, 
 
 EYS 
 
 Essigsaures Natron oder Sodiumoxyd, ace- 
 
 tate of soda, *. Acetate. 
 Essigsaures Quecksilber, acetate of quick- 
 
 silver, 
 
 Essigsaures Salz, acetate, Acetate. 
 Essigzucker, m., s. Sauerzucker. 
 Esslust, appetite for food, Appe'tit. 
 Esslust, iibermassige, inordinate , 
 Euchlorin, euchlonna, Euchlorine. 
 Eudiometer, eudiometrum, Eudiometre. 
 Euen- Evenbaum, m., Taxus baccata, 5. If. 
 Eunuch, eunuch, Eunuque. 
 ' 
 
 Euphorbie, -npflanze, s. Euphorbium. 
 Euphorbie, runde, E. peplus, s. Euphorbe. 
 Euphorbium, officmelles, E. officinalis^ 
 Euphorbiumharz, euphorbium, Euphorbe. 
 Euphorbiumtinctur.TincturaEuphorbii, 
 Eustachiusrohre, Eustach. tube, s. Trompe. 
 Eustachische Klappe, valve,*. Valvule. 
 Eustachische Trompete, tube,s.Trom^. 
 Enter, n., Eutern, pi., udder, dug, Tetine. 
 Eutonie, eutonia, Eutonie. 
 Exanthem, exanthema, Exantheme. 
 Excremente, excrements, Excrements. 
 Exorrhizen,plantaeexorrhizae,Exorrhizes. 
 Exosmose, f., exosmosis, Exosmose. 
 Exdtisch, exotic, Exotique. 
 Exstirpation, f., exstirpatio, Exsth*pation. 
 Exstirpation der Parotis, exstirpation of 
 
 the parotid gland, 
 
 Extract, Extracte, pi., extractum,Extrait. 
 Extractivstoff, m., extractive, Extractif. 
 Ey, Eydotter, s. Ei, Eidotter. 
 Eyerdriise, f., corpus luteum, s. Corps. 
 Eyerfressend, ovivorous, Ovivore. 
 Eyerfresser, m., Coluber ovivorus, 
 Eyerlegende Thiere, pi., Ovipara, Ovipares. 
 Eyschwamme, pi., Agarici .volvati, s. Volve. 
 
 F. 
 
 FAL 
 
 Fach, Fache & Fa'cher, pi., loculus, Loge. 
 Facher, a fan, s. Flabellation. 
 Facherblattrig, fan-leaved, Flabellifolie. 
 Facherfdrmig, flabelliform, Flabelliforme. 
 Facial, adj., facial, Facial. 
 Facialarterie, f., facial artery, 
 Facialknochen, facial bones, 
 Faciallinie, facial line, 
 Faculent, adj., feculent, Feculent, 
 Faden, m., filament, thread, Filet. 
 Fadenfb'rmig, filiform, Filiforme. 
 Fadenlich, filamentous, Filamenteux. 
 Fadenwurm, Filaria, Filaire. 
 Fagara, Fagara, Fagarier. 
 Fahne, vexillum, Etendard. 
 Fall, m., case, Cas, Observation. 
 Fall, Fallen, fall, falling, Chute. 
 Fallen des Uterus, prol. uteri, s. Descente. 
 Fallen des Zapfens, descent of uvula, 
 Fallende Sucht, s. Fallsucht. 
 Fallkraut, Arnica montana, s. Arniqne. 
 
 575 
 
 FAM 
 
 Fallopischer Kanal, aquaeductus, vel can- 
 alis, Fallopii, s. Canal. 
 
 Fallopisches Band, s. Band, Fallopisches. 
 
 Fallsucht, falling-sickness, Epilepsie. 
 
 Fallsucht, simulirte, simulated >s.Simule. 
 
 Falsch, false, spurious, Faux. 
 
 Falsche Lungenentzundung, peripneumo- 
 nia notha, Pseudo-Peripneumonie. 
 
 Falsche Membran, false membrane, Pseu- 
 do-Membrane. 
 
 Falsche Rippen, pi., false ribs, s. Cote. 
 
 Falsche Schwangerschaft, false pregnancy, 
 s. Grossesse. 
 
 Falsches Aneurysma, false aneurism, s. 
 Anevrisme. 
 
 FalschesGelenk, false join tjPseudarthrose. 
 
 Falschsehen, false vision, Suffusion. 
 
 Falte, f., -en, pL, fold, plait, Repli. 
 
 Faltenkranst, m., corona ciliaris,s. Cawonne. 
 
 Faltenmagen, omasus, Feuillet. 
 
 Familie, family, FamiUe.
 
 Farbe, colour, Couleur. 
 
 F&rberkraut, rothes, Fdrberochsenzungf, f., 
 
 Anchusa tinctoria, Orcanette. 
 Farberrothe, Farberwurzel, f., llubia tinc- 
 
 torum, s. Garanee. 
 
 Farblosigkeit, f., loss of colour, Acosmic. 
 Farnkraut, mannliches, Aspidium, olim 
 
 Polypodium filix mas, s. Fougere. 
 Farm, Farnkrauter, pi., Filices, Fougeres. 
 Fasan, Phasianus, Faisan. 
 Fasan, gemeiner, P. colchicus, 
 Fasan-Familie, f., Phasianidae, 
 Fasch, aphtha, Aphthe. 
 Fascie, f., fascia, Fascia. 
 Fascikel, m., fasciculus, Fascicule. 
 Fasele, Dolichos, Dolic. 
 Fasele. jucfcende, D. pruriens, 
 Faser, fibre, Fibre. 
 Faserchen, fibrilla, Fibrille. 
 Fasergew'dehse, Algen, pi., Algae, Algues. 
 Faserig, fibrous, Fibreux. 
 Faserige Wurxel, fibrous root, 
 Faserkapsel, m., -hapseln, pi, fibrous cap- 
 
 sular ligament, s. Capsule. 
 Faserknorpel,m., fibro-cart., Fibro-cartilage. 
 Faserknorpel der Knoehenfugen, pi., fibro- 
 
 cartilagines symphysium, 
 Faserknorpelig, adj., fibro-cartilaginous, Fi- 
 
 bro-Cartilagineux. 
 Faserknorpelige Rolle, trochlea fibro-carti- 
 
 laginea, s. Trochlee. 
 Faserknorpelsystem, n., fibro-cartilaginous 
 
 system, s. Fibro-Cartilage. 
 Faserstoff, fibrine, Fibrine. 
 Fasersystem, n., fibrous system, s. Fibreux. 
 Fasten, abstinence from food, Aside. 
 Fastkahl, glabriusculus, Glabriuscule. 
 Fau lbaumrinde,f., cortex P. padi,*..Prwmer. 
 Faule, f., disease in grain, s. Carte. 
 Faulend, septic, Septique. 
 Faules Geschwur, foul sore, s. Ulctre. 
 Faulfieber, putrid fever, s. Pufride. 
 .FaMJmac&end,adj.,putrefactive,Putre'factif. 
 Faulmachende Mittel, pi., remedies, 
 Faulniss, putrefaction, Putrefaction. 
 Faulnisswidrig, adj., anti-septic, Anti-Sep- 
 
 tique. 
 
 Faulnisswidrige Mittel, anti-septics, 
 Faulthier,-thiere,pl.,Bradypus,Paresseux. 
 Feder, f., penna, Penne, Plume. 
 Federartig, plumose, Plumeux. 
 FederartigesKronenblatt,plumosepetal, 
 Federchen, plumula, Plumule. 
 Federchenscheide, coleoptilus, Col^optile. 
 Federformig, pennatiform, s. Pennatifide. 
 Federformiges Blatt, pinnatifid leaf, 
 Federharz, elastic gum, Caoutchouc. 
 Federig, feathery, feathered, 
 Federkraft, f., elasticity, Elasticite. 
 Federkraftig, elastic, Elastique. 
 Federkrone, f., pappus, Aigrette. 
 Federmeisser, plumaceolus, Plumaceau. 
 Federspaltig, pinnatifid, Pennatifide. 
 Fehlgeburt, abortus, Amblome. 
 Feigbohne, f., Lupinns. Lupine. 
 
 576 
 
 FES 
 
 Feige, fig, Figue. 
 
 Feige, gemeine indianische, Cactus opun- 
 
 tia, . Cactier. 
 
 Feigenbaum, Ficus, Figuier. 
 Feigenbaum, wilder, Ficus carica, 
 Feigenkraut, n.. s. Braunwurz, knotige. 
 Feigenranunkel^ f., s. Feigwarzenkraut. 
 Feignal, n., sycosis, Sycose. 
 Feigwarze, fig-excrescence, Fie. 
 Feigwarzen, venerische, venereal warts, 
 Feigwarzenkrankheit, f., s. Feigmal. 
 Feigwarzenkraut, Ranunculus ficaria, Fi- 
 
 caire. 
 
 Feile, filings, Limaille. 
 Feingespitzt, cuspidate, Cuspide. 
 Feldbirnbaiem ) m.,~Pyr(}ssylvestris.Poirier. 
 Feldhuhn, Perdix, Perdrix. 
 Feldhuhn, gemein. od. graues, P. cinerea, 
 Feldkamille, f., M. Chamomilla.s.CamomMfe. 
 Feldkiimmel, Carum carui, s. Carvi. 
 Feldkiirbiss, m., Cucurbita pepo, s. Courge. 
 Feldlerche, Alauda arvensis, s. Alauette. 
 Feldmannstreu, E. campestre, s. Panicaut. 
 Feldmohn, Papaver rhceas, Coquelicot. 
 Feldpappel, Malvasylvestris, s. Mauve. 
 Feldpolei, f., . Thimian, wilder. 
 Feldrittersporn,D.consolida,s..DaM/>fimeJfe. 
 Feldschwamm, A. campestris, *. Ayaric. 
 Feldsenf, m., Sinapis arvensis, s.Moutarde. 
 Feldwindt, f., Convolv. arvensis, s. Liseron. 
 Fell, skin, Derme. 
 Pels, Felsen, m., rock, Rocher. 
 Felsenbein, n., os petrosum, s. Petreux. 
 Felsenblutleiter, oberer und unterer, sinus 
 
 petrosus superior et inferior, 
 Felsenknoten, m., ganglion petrosum, 
 Felsennerv, oberfl'dchlicherund tiefer, nervus 
 
 petrosus superficialis et profundus, 
 Felsentheil der Schlafenbeins, pars petrosa 
 
 ossis temporis, 
 Fenchel, Foeniculum, Fenouil. 
 Fenchelb'l, oleum Fceniculi, s. Fenouil. 
 Fenchelolzucker, m., eleosaccharum , 
 Fenchelpulver, zusammengesetztes, pul- 
 
 vis Foeniculi compositus, 
 Fenchelwasser, Aqua Fosniculi, 
 Fenchelwurzel, f., radix Foeniculi, 
 Fenster, fenestra, Fenetre. 
 Fenster, eirundes und rundes, fenestra o- 
 
 valis et rotunda, 
 Fensterartig, Fensterformig, fenestratus, 
 
 fenestriformis, Fenetre'. 
 Fensterschwalbe, f., H. urbica, s. Hirandelle. 
 Fensterschwamm, Spongia offic.,s. JEponge. 
 Fenster spinne, f., Tegeneria olim Aranea 
 
 domestica, s. Araignee. 
 Ferkelkaninchen.Chloromysaguti, Agouti. 
 Fernsichtigkeit, farsightedness, Presbytie- 
 Ferse, heeh Talon. 
 Fersenbein, os calcis, Calcandum. 
 Ferulkraut, n., Ferula, Ferule. 
 Fest, fixed, solid, Fixe', Solide. 
 Feste Theile, pi., solid parts, . Solide. 
 Festes Land,continent, terra firma,s, Terre, 
 Festigkeit, solidity, Solidit^.
 
 FIE 
 
 Fett, fat, Graisse. 
 
 Fett, thierisches und vegetabiliscb.es, ani- 
 mal and vegetable fat, *. Huile. 
 
 Fett, Fettig, adipose, Adipeux, Graisseux. 
 
 Fette Oele, olea pinguia, s. Huile. 
 
 FvttblaU, n., Pinguicula vulgar\s,s.Grassete. 
 
 Fettbruch, steatocele, Stdatocele. 
 
 Fettflmse, f., fatty fin, s. Nagemre. 
 
 Fettgeschwullst, lipoma, Lipome. 
 
 Fetthaut, adipose membrane, s. Adipeux. 
 
 Fettkraut, Pinguicula, Grassette. 
 
 Fettleibigkeit, obesity, Obesite". 
 
 Fettmagen, m., abomasus, Abomasum. 
 
 Fettschmelzen, diarrhoea adiposa, Gras- 
 Fondure. 
 
 Feftsucht, f., morbid obesity, s. Obesite. 
 
 Fetfwachs, n., adipocere, Adipocire. 
 
 Fetzen, lacinia, Laciniure. 
 
 Feucht. humid, moist, Humide. 
 
 Feuchte, f., humidity, Humidite'. 
 
 Feuchtigkeit, -en, pi., humour, Humeur. 
 
 Feuchtigkeit,glaserne,vitreous humour, 
 
 Feuchtigkeit, krystallene, crystalline , 
 
 Feuchtigkeit, wiisserige, aqueous , 
 
 Feuer, fire, Feu. 
 
 Feuer, fliegender, ignis volat., Feu volage. 
 
 Feuer, heiliger, ignis sacer, Hieropyre. 
 
 Feuerassel, S. electrica, s. Scolopendre. 
 
 Feuerbestandig, Feuerfest, fixed, Fixe. 
 
 Feuerbestandigkeit, fixidity, Fixite*. 
 
 Feuerfressend, pyrophagous, Pyrophage. 
 
 Feuerfresser, fire-eater, 
 
 Feueriger Umlauf, *. Giirtel. 
 
 Feuerisch, igneous, Igne. 
 
 Feuerschwamm, Boletus igniarius, Ama- 
 douvier. 
 
 Feuerstahl, fire-steel, Briquet. 
 
 Fibrose Haute, pi., membranae fibrosae, s. 
 Fibreux. 
 
 Fichte,Fichlentanne,f., Abies picea,s. Sapin. 
 
 Fichte, nordamerikanische, Abies cana- 
 densis, Sapinette. 
 
 Fichtenbauin, Abies, Sapin. 
 
 Fichtenharz, m., resina Pini, s. Pin. 
 
 Fichtenzapfen, strobilus Pini, s. Strobile. 
 
 Fieber, fever, Fievre. 
 
 Fieber, anhaltendes, continued fever, 
 
 Fieber, dreitagiges, tertian , 
 
 Fieber, einfaches, simple , 
 
 Fieber, f iinftagiges, quintan , *. Quintane. 
 
 Fieber, nachlassendes oder remittirendes, 
 remittent fever, s. Remission. 
 
 Fieber, viertagiges, quartan , 
 
 Fieberbeschrcibung, f., s. Pyretographie. 
 
 Fieberhaft, pyretic, Pyretique. 
 
 Fieberisch, icbrile, Febrile. 
 
 Fieberklee, M. trifoliata, s. Menyanthe. 
 
 Fieberkuchen, placenta febrilis, s. Gateau. 
 
 Fieberlehre, pyretology, Pyretologie. 
 
 Fieberlos, apyretus, Apyretique. 
 
 Fiebermittel, fever-remedies, Febrifuges. 
 
 Fieberrinde, s. Chinarinde. 
 
 Fiebertropfen, fever-drops, s. Arsenile. 
 
 Fiebervertriebend, febrifuge, Fe'brifuge. 
 
 Fieberweide, f., Salix alba, et fragilis,s Saute. 
 
 577 
 
 FIS 
 
 Fieberwidrig, anti-febrile, Anti-Pyrdtique. 
 
 Filtrir, percolare, Filtrer. 
 
 Filtrirbecken, filtering-basin, s. Fillre. 
 
 Filtrirpapier, filtering-paper, 
 
 Filtrirsack, m., filtering-bag, 
 
 Filtrirstein, filtering-stone, 
 
 Filtrirung, percolatio, Filtration. 
 
 Fitz, m., tomentum, *. Tonienteux. 
 
 Filzig, nappy, Tomenteux. 
 
 Filzlaus, Pediculus pubis, Morpion. 
 
 Finger, finger, Doigt. 
 
 Finger, kleiner, little finger, s. Doigt. 
 
 Finger,uberzahlige,pl.,supernumerary fin- 
 gers, 
 
 Fingerbeuger, oberflachlicher, Flexor di- 
 gitorum sublimis, s. Flechisseur. L 
 
 Fingerbeuger, tiefer, Flexor profundus. 
 
 Fingerblutadern, digital veins, s. Digital. 
 
 Fingereindriicke, pi., digital impressions, s. 
 Impression. 
 
 Fingerentziindung, dactylitis, Dactylite. 
 
 Fingerformig, digitiform, Digitiforme. 
 
 Fingergelenk, -gelenke, pi., digital articula- 
 tion, *. Digital. 
 
 Fingergelenice, mittlere, pi., condyli,s.3/<> 
 tacondyle. 
 
 Fingergelenke, vorderste, metacondyli, 
 
 Fingerglied, n., glieder, pi., phalanx, pha- 
 langes, Phalange. 
 
 Fingvrgrube, f., digital cavity, s. Digital. 
 
 Fingerhut, -kraut, Digitalis, Digitale. 
 
 Fingerhut, purpurrother, D. purpurea, 
 
 Fingerknochen t n., finger-bone, s. Digital. 
 
 Finyerknochenbruch, m., fracture of , 
 
 Fingerkraut, braunes, s. F. purpurrother. 
 
 Fingernerveii, pi., digital nerves, 
 
 Fingerschlagadern, pi., digital arteries, 
 
 Fingerspitzen, finger-ends, Acrochir. 
 
 Fingerstrecker, gemeinschaftlicher, Ex- 
 tensor digitorum communis,s. Extenseur. 
 
 Fingerverrenkung, f., dislocation of the fin- 
 gers, s. Luxation. 
 
 Fingerverwachsung, f., adhesion of the fin- 
 gers, Dactylion. 
 
 Fingerwurm, m., s. Nagelgesclwiir. 
 
 Finne, s. Flosse. 
 
 Finne, f., -en, pi., pimple, s. Acne. 
 
 Firnissbaum, llhus vernix, s. Sumac. 
 
 Fisch, fish, Poisson. 
 
 Fischanatomie, ichthyotomy, Ichthyoto- 
 mie. 
 
 Fischbeschreibunff, f., ichthyography, Ich- 
 thyographie. 
 
 Fischblase, swimming-bladder, s. Nageant. 
 
 Fische, Pisces, Poissons. 
 
 Fischessen, ichthyophagy, Ichthyophagie. 
 
 PMschessend, piscivorous, Piscivore. 
 
 Fischesser, ichthyophagist, Ichthyophage. 
 
 Fischgallerte, f., fish-jelly, s. Gelatine. 
 
 Fischgraten, pi., fish-bones, s. Arete. 
 
 Fischkiemen,branchiaepiscium,s.BracAiVs. 
 
 Fischkorner ) ul.,semina.C.indici,s.Coquecitl<>. 
 
 Fischlehre, t., ichthyology, Ichthyologie. 
 
 Fischleim, isinglass, Ichthyocolle. 
 
 Fischmilch, soft roe of fishes, Laitance. 
 
 2Q
 
 FLE 
 
 Fischohren, gill-openings, s. Branchies. 
 Fischol, Fischthran, fish-oil, s. Baleine. 
 Fischschuppe, fish-scale, s. Ecaille. 
 Fischschuppenauschlag, Fischschuppen- 
 
 aussatz, Ichthyosis, Ichthyose. 
 Fischstein, m., Fischversteinerung, ich- 
 
 thyolite, Ichthyolithe. 
 Flssur, f., fissura, Fissure. 
 Fissur des Maatdarms, fissura recti, 
 Fistel, m., fistula, Fistule. 
 Fistel der Harnrohre, fistula urethra, 
 Fistelgang, m., -gange, pi., sinus fistulosus, 
 
 s. Fistuleux, et Sinus. 
 Fistelkraut, n., P. palustris, s.Pediculaire. 
 Fistelmesser, fistula-knife, Syringotome. 
 Fistulkassie, *. Rohrencassia. 
 Flache, surface, Face. 
 Flache Hand, hollow of the hand, 
 Flachs, Flachskraut, Flaxsche, Linum,Lin. 
 Flachse, f., s. Sehne. 
 Flamme, flame, Flamme. 
 Flanke, flank, Flanc. 
 Flaschchen, phial, Fiole. 
 Flasche, bottle, Bouteille. 
 Flaschenformig, lageniform, Lageniforme. 
 Flaschenkiirbiss, C. lagenaria, s. Courge. 
 Flatulenz, f., flatulence, Flatulence. 
 Flaumfeder, f'., Flaumhaare, down, Duvet. 
 Flaumig, downy, Duvete*. 
 Flechse, f., Flechsen, pi., tendon, Tendon. 
 Flechsenhaut, aponeurosis, Aponevrose. 
 Flechsig, aponeurotic, AponeVrotique. 
 Flechte, Lichen, Lichen. 
 Flechte, islandische, Lichen islandicus, 
 Flechte, Herpes, Dartre. 
 Flechte, borkenartige, H. crustaceus, 
 Flechte, eiterige, Herpes ulcerosus, 
 Flechte, feuchle, Herpes madidus, 
 Flechte, fressende, Herpes exedens, 
 Flechte, frieselarlige, Herpes pustulosus, 
 Flechte, kleienartige, Herp. furfuraceus, 
 Flechte, mehlige, same, 
 Flechten, pi., Lichenes, Lichene'es. 
 Fleck, spot, Macule. 
 
 Fleck im Auge, weisser, Albugo, Albugo. 
 Fleck, schwarzer an den Fiissen, Melas- 
 
 ma, Melasme. 
 
 Flecken, pi., Maculae, Macules. 
 Fleckenschierling, m., Conium maculatum, 
 
 s. Cigue. 
 
 Fleckfieber, febris petechialis, s. Petechial. 
 Fleckig, spotted, Macule". 
 Flecksucht, f., spilosis, s. Spilome. 
 Flederfliigelformig, adj., bat-wing-shaped, ,<;. 
 Fledermaus, m ., Vespertilio, Chau ve Souri s. 
 Fledermausfliigel, m., ala vespertilionis, 
 Fleisch, flesh, Chair. 
 Fleisch, schwammiges, wildes, fungous, 
 
 proud flesh, Hypersarcose. 
 Fleischauswuchs, carnosity, Carnosite. 
 Fleischbalken, pi., s. Fleischsaulchen. 
 Fleischbildung, sarcosis, Sarcose. 
 Fleischbruch, sarcocele, Sarcocele. 
 Fleischerzeugend, adj., incarnative, Incar- 
 
 natif. 
 
 578 
 
 FLU 
 
 Fleischer zeugende Mittel, incarnative re- 
 medies, s. Incarnatif. 
 Fleischextract, osmazom, Osmazome. 
 Fleischfarbig,adj., flesh-coloured, Incarnat. 
 Fleischftiege, f., Musca carnaria, s.Mouchc. 
 Fleischfressen, sarcophagy, Sarcophagie. 
 Fleischfressend, carnivorous, Carnivore. 
 Fleischfressende Thiere, pl.,Carnivora, Car- 
 nivores. 
 
 Fleischgewachs, sarcoma, Sarcome. 
 Fleischgewachsartig, sarcomatous, Sarco- 
 
 mateux. 
 
 Fleischhaut, sarcocarpium, Sarcocarpe. 
 Fleischhaut des Hodensacks, tunica dar- 
 
 tos, Dartos. 
 
 Fleischicht, Fleischig, fleshy, Charnu. 
 Fleischige Platte, s. Breiter Halsmuskel. 
 Fleischkamm, m., s. Fleischwarze. 
 Fleischkost, f., flesh-diet, s. Diete. 
 Fleischleim, sarcocolla, Sarcocolle. 
 Fleischmachend, sarcotic, Sarcotique. 
 Fleischmachende Arzneien, remedies, 
 Fleischmagen, gizzard, Gesier. 
 Fleischnetznabelbruch, sarcepiplomphal- 
 
 us, Sarco-Epiplomphale. 
 Fleischsaulchen, pi., columnse carnese, s. 
 
 Charnu. 
 Fleischverknocherung, sarcostosis, Sarcos- 
 
 tose. 
 
 Fleischwarze, caruncle, Caroncule. 
 Fleischwarzchen, n., same, 
 Fleischwucherung, ecsarcoma, Ecsarcome. 
 Flieder, m., Sambucus niger, s. Sureau. 
 Fliedet-beeren, pi., baccse Sambuci, 
 Fliederllumen, pi., flores Sambuci, 
 Fliederblumenwasser, n., Aqua florum , 
 Fliege, Musca, Mouche. 
 Fliege, Spanische, s. Kantharide. 
 Fliegenauge, n., Fliegenkopf, myocepha- 
 
 lum, Myoce'phale. 
 Fliegenf anger, m., Dionsea muscicapula, s. 
 
 Muscicapule. 
 
 Fliegenfressend,a&j.,m\isc\voms,Muscivore 
 Fliegenkraut,n.,T).stramomum,s.Stramoine. 
 Fliegenschwamm, oder Fliegenpilz, Ama- 
 
 nita muscaria, s. Agaric. 
 Fliete, f., Flietmesser, n., fleam, lancet, 
 
 Flamme, Lancette. 
 Flocke, Flocken, pL, flake, Flocon. 
 Flockenlesen, carphology, Carphologie. 
 Flockig, adj., flaky, Floconneux. 
 Floh, Flohe, pi., Pulex, Puce. 
 Floh, gemeiner, P. irritans, 
 Flohbiss, m., flea-bite, 
 Flora, f., Flora, Flore. 
 Florentinische Schwertlilie, Iris florenti- 
 
 na, s. Iris. 
 Florentinische Veilchen- oder Violenwur- 
 
 zel, f., radix Iridis florentinas, 
 Flosse, Flossfeder, fin, Nageoire. 
 Flossenlos, adj., finless, Apterygien. 
 Flosswallfisch, s. Balanopter. 
 FKtz, n., stratum, Couche. 
 Flotzgebirge, n.,pl.,stratified mountainSj 
 Fliichtig, adj., volatile, Volatile.
 
 FLU 
 
 Fliichtige Guajaktinctur, volatile Tinc- 
 ture of Guaiacum, s. Gaiac. 
 
 Fliichtige Oele, volatile oils, s. Huile. 
 
 Fliichtige Stinkasandtinctur, : tincture 
 of Assafcetida, s. Assa-Fcetida. 
 
 Fliichtiger Geist, spirit, s. Esprit. 
 
 FliichtigesKampferliniment, volatile Cam- 
 phor-Liniment, s. Camphre. 
 
 Fluctuation, f., fluctuatio, Fluctuation. 
 
 Fliigel, wing, Aile. 
 
 FliigeldesKeilbeins,ala ossis sphenoidei, 
 
 Fliigel, kleiner, winglet, Ailette. 
 
 Fliigeldecke, elytron, Elytre. 
 
 Fliigelfarren, Fliigelfarrn, Pteris, Pteride. 
 
 Fliigelfell, n., pterygium, Pte'rygion. 
 
 Fliigelf ormig, adj., wing-shaped, pterygoid, 
 Aileform, Pterygoide. 
 
 Fliigelfb'rmige Fortsatze, pterygoid pro- 
 cesses, s. Pterygmde, 
 
 Fliigelfortsatzzapfchenmuskeln, musculi 
 pterystaphylini, s. Pterystaphylin. 
 
 Flugelgaumengrube, f., fossa pterygo-pala- 
 tina, s. Pterjigo-Palatin, 
 
 Flugelgaumenkanal, canalis pterygo-pala- 
 tinus, 
 
 Fliigelgaumenmuskel, musculus , 
 
 Fliigelgaumennerv, m., nervus , 
 
 Fliigelgaumenschlagader, arteria pterygo- 
 palatina, 
 
 Fliigelkolbchen, pi., s. Balanzierstangen. 
 
 Fliigelmuskel, ausserer, Pterygoideus ex- 
 ternus, s. Pterygoide. 
 
 Fliigelmuskel, innerer, internus, 
 
 Fliigelmuskeln, musculi pterygoidei, 
 
 Fliigelmuskelnerven, nervi pterygoidei, 
 
 Fliigelmuskelschlagadern, arterise ptery- 
 goideae, 
 
 Flugelschlundkopfmuskel, musculus pte- 
 rygo-pharyngeus, Pterygo-Pharyngien. 
 
 Flugfedern, quills, s. Penne. 
 
 Fluorine, fluor, Fluor. 
 
 Fluss, flux, Fluxion. 
 
 Fluss, weisser, fluor albus, Leucorrhe'e. 
 
 Flussbarbe, Barbus, Barbeau. 
 
 Flussbarsch, Perca fluviatilis, s. Perche. 
 
 Fliissboraxsaure, fluo-boric acid, s. Fluo- 
 borate. 
 
 Fliissboraxsaure Salze, fluo-borates, 
 
 Flussfische, pi., river-fishes, s. Fluviatile. 
 
 Flussharz, s. Animeharz. 
 
 Flussig, fluid, Fluide. 
 
 Fliissiger Storax, liquid storax, s. Styrax. 
 
 Fliissiges essigsaures Ammoniak, liquid 
 acetate of ammonia, s. Acetate. 
 
 Fliissiges luftvolles Ammonium, Liquor 
 subcarbonatis Ammonise, s.Ammonlaque. 
 
 Fliissigkeit, fluidity, Fluidite*. 
 
 Flusskrebs, Astacus fluviatilis,s. Ecrevisse. 
 
 F lusslamprete, P. flu viatilis, s . Petromyzon. 
 
 Flusspferd, Hippopotamus, Hippopotame. 
 
 Flusspttanzen,pl.,river-plants,s..FVwma<ife. 
 
 Fliisssiiure, fluoric acid, s. Fluor. 
 
 Fliisssaure Salze, pi., fluates, s. Fluate. 
 
 Flussschwamm, m., Spongia fluviatilis, s. 
 Epongc. 
 
 579 
 
 FRI 
 
 Flusswasser, river-water, s. Eau. 
 Fohlzahne, pi., s. Milchzahne. 
 Folgekrankneit, secondary disease, Deute- 
 
 ropathie. 
 
 Folgend, adj., consecutive, Consecutif. 
 Fontanell, n., fontanelle, Fontanelle. 
 Fontanell, issue, Fonticule. 
 Fontanellerbsen, pi., issue-peas, 
 Fontanellpflaster, n., issue-plaster, 
 Fo'nugrak, n., Trigonella icenum graecum, 
 
 s. Fenu-grec. 
 Fonugr'dk, wildes, Astragalus glycyphyllus, 
 
 s. Astragate. 
 
 Forchling, m., A. deliciosus, s. Agaric. 
 Forelle, Salmo fario, Truite. 
 Formeln, medicinische, medicinal formu- 
 lae, s. Farmulaire. 
 
 Formular, formularium, Formulaire. 
 Fortgesetzt,-laufend,continuous,Continu. 
 Fortsatz, Fortsatze, p 1., process, Apophyse. 
 Fortsatz, griffelfo'rmiger, styloid process, 
 
 s. Stylo'ide. 
 
 Fortsatz, kronenformiger, coronoid pro- 
 cess, s. Coronoide. 
 Fortsatz, rabenschnabelformiger, coracoid 
 
 process, s. Coraco'ide. 
 Fortsatz, sichelformiger derhartcn Hirn- 
 
 haut, falciform process of dura mater, s. 
 
 Falciform. 
 Fortsatz, wurmformiger des blinden 
 
 Darms, vermiform process of ccecum.s. 
 
 Appcndice. 
 Fortsatz, zahnformiger, tooth-like process, 
 
 s. Odonto'ide. 
 
 Fossil, n., Fossilien, pi., fossil, Fossile. 
 Fotus, m., foetus, Fcetus. 
 Fractur, , Fracturen, pi. , fractu re,Fracture. 
 Franzbranntwein,n ., French brandy, s. Eau. 
 Franzosen, pi., Franzosensucht, f., syphilis, 
 
 Syphilis. 
 
 Franzosenholz, lignum Guaiaci, s- Gaiac. 
 Franzosenholzharz, resina , 
 Franzosenholzol, n., oleum , 
 Franzosig, adj., syphilitic, Syphilitique. 
 Franzosische Tamarisken,od. Franzosisch- 
 
 er Tamariskenbaum, Tamariscus gallic- 
 
 lis, s. Tamarisc. 
 Frauenader, f., s. Rosenader. 
 Frauenbettstroh, n., s. Labkraut. 
 Frauenhaar, Adiantum, Adiante. 
 Frauenhaarsyrup, Capilaire, s. Capillaire. 
 Frauenmilch, woman's milk, s. Lai/. 
 Frauenmiinze, Balsamita, Balsamite. 
 Frauenrose, f., Rosa spinossisima,. Rosier. 
 Frauenzeit, n., menstrual period, s. Men- 
 
 strues. 
 
 Fremd, adj., s. Exotisch. 
 Fremdartig, s. Heterogen. 
 Fremdartigkeit, s. Heterogenitat. 
 Fremde Arzneien, exotic remedies, 
 Fremde Korper, foreign bodies, s. Corps. 
 Fressend, corrosive, Corrosif. 
 Fressspitze, -spitzen, pi., palpus, Palpe. 
 Frieselexanthem, exanthema miliare, s. 
 
 Miliairc.
 
 FRU 
 
 Frieselfieber, febris miliaris, s. Miliaire. 
 
 Frieselfieber, chronisches, febris miliaris 
 chronica, 
 
 Frieselfieber, kritisches, critica, 
 
 Frieselfieber der Wbchnerinnen, febris mi- 
 liaris puerperarum, 
 
 Frisch, adj., fresh, Frais. 
 
 Frisch ausgepresster Soft, fresh-expressed 
 juice, s. Sue. 
 
 Frisches Wasser, aqua frigida, s. Froid. 
 
 Frosch, liana, Grenouille. 
 
 Frosch, Amerikanischer grosser, R. gru- 
 niens, 
 
 Froschader, s- Zungenblutader. 
 
 Froscbgeschwulst, ranula, Grenouillette. 
 
 Froschlaich, -leich, frog-spawn, Sperniole. 
 
 Froschleingeschwullst, ranula, Ranule. 
 
 Froschloffei, Alisma, Alisma. 
 
 Froschlb'tFel, grosser, A. plantago, 
 
 Froschqttappe, f., tad-pole, Tetard. 
 
 Frost, Froste, pi., frost, Gelde. 
 
 Frostbeule, chilblains, Engelure. 
 
 Frostschauder, horripilatio, Horripilation. 
 
 Frotterburste, f., flesh-brush, s. Brosse. 
 
 Frucht, fetus, Foetus. 
 
 Frucht, fruit, Fruit. 
 
 Frucht, unzeitige, embryo, Embryon. 
 
 Fruchtabtreibend, ecbolic, Ecbolique. 
 
 Fruchtabtreibendes Mittel, remedy, 
 
 Fruchtbalg, m., s. Balgkapsel. 
 
 Fruchtbar, fertile, Fertile. 
 
 Fruchtbare Bliithen, fertile flowers, 
 
 Fruchtbarkeit, fertility, Fertilite'. 
 
 Fruchtbehaltniss, Fruchtboden, recepta- 
 cle, Receptacle. 
 
 Fruchtfleisch, n., *. Fleiscbhaut. 
 
 Fruchtfressend, frugivorous, Frugivore. 
 
 Fruchtgehduse, f., pericarp, Pericarpe. 
 
 Fruchthalter, m., s. Gebarmutter. 
 
 Fruchthautchen, membranes of the fetus, 
 s. Membrane. 
 
 Fruchthiille, epicarpium, Epicarpe. 
 
 Fruchtkapsel, m., s. Fruchtgehiiuse. 
 
 Fruchtkeim, m., vegetable embryo, s. Em- 
 bryon, et Germe. 
 
 Fruchtknospe, bud, Bourgeon. 
 
 Fruchtknoten, germen, Ovaire. 
 
 Fruchtknotenwulst, gynobasis, Gynobase. 
 
 Fruchtlager der Lichenen, apothecium, 
 Apothecion. 
 
 Fruchtoberhaut, epicarp, Epicarpe. 
 
 Fruchtrinde, f., same, 
 
 Fruchtrohre, f., s. Pistill. 
 
 Fruchtstaub, pollen, Pollen. 
 
 Fruchtslengel, m., pedicel of mosses, s.Soie. 
 
 Fruchtstiel, fruit-stalk, Pedoncule. 
 
 Fruchttragend, frugiferous, Frugifere. 
 
 Fruchttreibend, amblotic, Amblotique. 
 
 Fruchttreibende Mittel, remedies, 
 
 Fnichtwolle, f., pappus, Aigrette. 
 
 Fruchtzapfen, strobilus, Strobile. 
 
 Fruhgeburtjt'., partus prsematurus,s. Part. 
 
 Friihgeburt, kiinstliche, artificialis, 
 
 Friihjahr, n., spring, Printemps. 
 
 Friihjahrig, adj., vernus, Vernal. 
 
 580 
 
 FUS 
 
 Friihlingsschwamm, A. vernus, s. Agaric. 
 Friihschlaf, m., morning-sleep, s. Sommeil. 
 Fruhtrank, m., morning-draught, *. Potion. 
 Fuchsraude, alopecia, Alope'cie. 
 Fuge, symphysis, Symphyse. 
 Fugengelenk, ginglymus, Ginglyme. 
 Fiihlfade, Fiihlf aden, pi., tentaculum, ten- 
 
 tacula, Tentacule. 
 
 Fiihlhorn, n., FuhlKorner, pi., antenna, an- 
 tennae, Antenne. 
 Fuhlkraut, n., Mimosis, Mimose. 
 Fiihlohr, Fiihlohren, pL, *. Fiihlhorn. 
 Fiililspitze, Fiihlspitzen, pi., palpus, pal- 
 pi, Palpe. 
 
 Fiihlwurm, m., Hamularia, Hamulaire. 
 Fiihrer, gorget, Gorgeret. 
 Funf blatt, Potentilla, Quintdfeuille. 
 Fiinf blattrig, pentaphyllous, Pentai>hylle. 
 Funfblumenblattrig, pentapetalous, Pen- 
 
 tapdtale. 
 Funfbluthig, adj., quinquefloral, Quinque- 
 
 flore. 
 Fiinfeckig, Fiinfwinkelig, pentagonal,Pen- 
 
 tagone. 
 FunfFacherig, quinquelocular, Quinque'lo- 
 
 culaire. 
 Fiinffingerig, adj., quinquedigitate, Quin- 
 
 quedigite. 
 
 Fiinffingerkraut, s. Fiinfblatt. 
 Fiinf'kantig, quinquangular, Quinquangu- 
 
 laire. 
 Fiinfkelchblattrig, pentasepalous, Penta- 
 
 sdpale. 
 
 Funfklappig,quinquevalve,Quinque'valve 
 Fiinflappig, five-iobed, Quinqu^lobe. 
 Fiinfmannig, pentandrous, Pentandre. 
 Fiinfmannige Bliithen, flowers, 
 Fiinfnervig, five-nerved, Quinque'nerve. 
 Fiinfnerviges Blatt, five-nerved leaf, 
 Fiinfparig, quinquejugal, Quinquejugud. 
 Funfsaamig, pentaspermous, Pentasperme. 
 Fiinfseitig, s. Fiinfeckig. 
 Fiinfspaltig, quinquefid, Quinquefide. 
 Fiinftagig, quintan, Quintane. 
 Fiinftagigefieber, quintan fever, 
 Funftheilig,quinquepartite,Quinque'parti. 
 Fiinfweibig, pentagynous, Pentagyne. 
 Fiinfweibige Bluthen, flowers, 
 Fiinfzahlig, quinate, Quine. 
 Fungin, n, fungine, Fongine. 
 Fungussaure, f ungic acid, s. Fungate. 
 Funke, spark, Etincelle. 
 Furche, groove, Sillon. 
 Furie, f., furor, Fureur. 
 Fuss, foot, Pied. 
 
 Fuss, kiinstliche, artificial foot, *. Artifidel. 
 Fuss der Moose und der Pilze, stem of 
 
 Mosses and Fungi, s. Stipe. 
 Fussbad, Fussbader, pi., pediluvium, pe- 
 
 diluvia, Pediluve. 
 Fussbiege, instep, Coude-Pied. 
 Fussblatt, tarsus, Tarse. 
 Fussgelenk, articulatio pedis, s. Pied. 
 Fussgelenkverrenkung, Fussverrenkung, 
 
 luxatio pedis, s. Luxation.
 
 FUS 
 
 Fussgicht, podagra, Podagre. 
 Fusslos, apudus, Apode. 
 Fusslose Fische, Pisces apodi, 
 Fusslose Larven, larvae apodae, 
 Fussschlagader, arteria pedis, s. Pied. 
 Fussschweiss, m., sudor pedis, s. Sueur. 
 Fussrucken, n., dorsum pedis, s. Dos- 
 Fussruckenilutadern, pi., venae dorsales pe- 
 dis, s. Dorsal. 
 
 Fussriicliennerven, pi., nervi , 
 
 Fussriickenschlagader, arteria dorsalis pe- 
 dis, s. Pedieux. 
 Fusssohle, -sohlen, pi., sole of the foot, 
 
 Plante du Pied. 
 
 Fusssohlenlogen, m.,arcus plantaris,s.P/a- 
 taire. 
 
 FUS 
 
 Fusssohlengegend, regio , s. Planfaire. 
 
 Fusssohlenmuskeln, pi., plantar muscles, 
 
 Fussohlennerven, nervi plantares, 
 
 Fusssohlenschlagader, aussere und innere, 
 arteria plantaris externa et interna, 
 
 Fusssohlenschreitend, plantigrade, Planti- 
 grade. 
 
 Fusssohlenschreitende Thiere, Plantigra- 
 da, Plantigrades, 
 
 Fusswurzel, tarsus, Tarsus. 
 
 Fusswurzelgelenk, n., Fusswurzelgelenke, pi., 
 tarsal articulation,*. Tarsicn. 
 
 Fusswurzelknochen, pi., tarsal bones, 
 
 Fusswurzelschlagader, aussere und innere, 
 external and internal tarsal artery, 
 
 Fusszehe, f ., digitus pedis, s. Doigt. 
 
 G. 
 
 GAL 
 
 GAL 
 
 Gabe, dose, Dose. 
 
 Gabel, furcula, Fourchette. 
 
 Gabelbein, fork-bone, 
 
 Gabelformig, Gabelspaltig, dichotomous, 
 
 forked, Diehotome. 
 
 Gahnen, gaping, yawning, Baillement. 
 Gahrung, fermentation, Fermentation. 
 Gahrungsfahig, fermentible, Fennentes- 
 
 cible. 
 G'dhrungsluft, f., carbonic acid gas, s. Car- 
 
 bonique. 
 
 G'dhrurtffsprocess, m., process of fermenta- 
 tion, s. Fermentation. 
 Gahrungsstoffj leaven, Ferment. 
 Galbanharz, Galbanum, Galbanum. 
 Galbanharztinctur, s. Mutterharztinctur. 
 Galenische Arznei, Galenical medicine, s. 
 
 Galenique. 
 
 Galgant, officineller, Maranta galanga, s. 
 Galganttinctur, Tinctura M. galangae, s. 
 
 Galgantwurzel, radix , s. Galanga. 
 
 Gallapfel, Gallapfel, pi., gall-apple, Galle. 
 Gr.llapfel, Aleppischer, Aleppo ,s.Chtne. 
 Gallapfeltinctur. Tinctura gallarum, 
 Gallapfelwurm, m., Gallwespe, f., Cynips 
 
 Gallaa tinctorias, s. Cynips. 
 Galle, bile, Bile. 
 
 Galle ausleerend, cholagogus, Cholagogue. 
 Galle ausleerende Mittel, cholagoga, Cho- 
 
 lagogues. 
 
 Galle fiihrend, choledochus, Choledoque. 
 Galle, schwarze, black bile, s. Melancholic. 
 Gallenbereitung,cholepoiesis,Cholepoiese. 
 Gallenblase, gall-bladder, Choldcyste. 
 Gallenblascnabscess, abscess of , s. Abces. 
 Gallenblasenblutadern, cystic veins,*. Cys- 
 
 lique. 
 Gallenblasenbruch, hernia of gall-bladder, 
 
 Cystocele biliaire. 
 Gallenblasenentziindung, inflammation of 
 
 gall-bladder, Chole'cystite. 
 Gallenblasengang, cystic duct, s. Canal. 
 Gallenblasenpulsader, -schlagader, cystic 
 
 artew, s. Cystique. 
 
 581 
 
 Gallenblasenschleim, m., mucus vesicae fel- 
 
 lese, s. Mucus. 
 Gallenblasenstein, -steine, pi., calculus 
 
 calculi vesicae felleae, s. Cystique. 
 Gallenblasenwassersucht, i'., dropsy of gall- 
 bladder, s. Hydropsie. 
 Gallenblasenwunden, wounds of , s. Plaie. 
 Gallenergiessung, cholerrhagia, Chol^rrha- 
 
 gie. 
 
 Gallenfett, cholesterina, Chol^stdrine. 
 Gallenfettsaure, cholesteric acid, s. Chole- 
 
 sterate. 
 
 Gallenfettsaures Salz, cholesterate, 
 Gallenfieber, bilious fever, Cholepyre. 
 Gallenfistel, f., biliary fistula, s. Fistule. 
 Gallengang, biliary duct, s. Biliaire. 
 Gallengang, gemeinschaftlicher, ductus 
 
 comm. choledochus, s. Choledoque. 
 Gallengange, pi., pori biliarii, s. Biliaire. 
 Gallenharz, -zucker, m., s. Gallenstoff. 
 Gallen-, Galbankraut, B. galbanum, s. Bubon. 
 Gallenreich, adj., s. Gallicht. 
 Gallenruhr, cholera, Cholera. 
 Gallenscheide, capsula Glissoni, s. Capsule. 
 Gallenstein, gall-stone, Chole'lithe. 
 Gallensteinfett, s. Gallenfett. 
 Gallensteinkrankheit, cysthepatolithiasis, 
 
 Cysthdpatolithiase. 
 Gallenstoff, picromel, Picromel. 
 Gallerartig, gelatinous, Gelatineux. 
 Gatterartige Arzneimittel, pi., gelatinous 
 
 remedies, 
 
 Gallerte, gelatine, Gelatine. 
 Gallicht, Gallig, bilious, Bilieux. 
 Gallichtes Erbrechen, bilious vomiting, 
 
 Chole'mesie. 
 
 Gallnuss, gall-nut, Galle. 
 Gallsucht, s. Gelbsucht. 
 Gallsiichtig, s. Cholerisch. 
 Gallussaure, Gallapfelsiiure, gallic acid, s. 
 
 Gallique. 
 
 Gallussaure Salze, gallates, s. Gallate. 
 Galmey,Galmeystein,calamine, calaminc- 
 
 slone, Calamine.
 
 GAU 
 
 G/ih-anisch, adj., galvanic, Galvanique. 
 Galvanische Erscheinungen, galvanic phe- 
 nomena, 
 
 Galvanismus, galvanism, Galvanisme. 
 Galvanometer, galvanometer, Galvanome- 
 
 tre. 
 
 Gamander, Teucrium, Germandree. 
 Gang, canal, duct, Canal. 
 Gang, m., metalliferous vein, s. Meta llifere. 
 Gang einer Echinus, ambulacrum, Ambu- 
 
 lacre. 
 Gange, halbrunde im Ohre, semicircular 
 
 canals in the ear, s. Deml-circulaire. 
 Gangliennerv, -nerven, pi., ganglionic 
 
 nerve, s. Ganglionique. 
 Gangliennervensystem,ganglionic nervous 
 
 system, s. Nerf. 
 
 Gangliensystem, ganglionic system, 
 Ganglion, n., s. Knoten. 
 Gans, f., Anser, Oie. 
 
 Ganse-, Gansfuss,Chenopodium, Anserine. 
 Gansefuss, pes anserinus, s. Anserine. 
 Gansefussgeflecht^n.) plexus parotideus ner- 
 
 vi faciah's, 
 
 Gansehaut, f., goose-skin, s. Anserine. 
 Gartenampfer, Rumex patientia, Patience. 
 Gartenaneelik,A.archangelica,*..<4n<7e/ig'Me. 
 Gartenbaldrian, m., V. pliu, s. Valeriane. 
 Gartenendivie, C. endivia, s. Chicoree. 
 Garteneppich, A. graveolens ?, s. Ache- 
 Gartenkresse,Lepidium sativum,s.CVessora 
 Gartenmelisse, M. officinalis, s. Melisse. 
 Gartenmohn,Papaversomniferum,s.Pawf. 
 Gartenraute, Ruta graveolens, s. Rue. 
 Gartensalat, Lactuca sativa, s. Laitue. 
 Gartenschierling, JE. cynapium, s. Ethuse. 
 Gartenschnecke, Helix hortensis,s./fe/ice. 
 Gartenspargel, m., Asparagus ofRcinah's, s. 
 
 Asperge. 
 Gartenzwiebel, m., Allium fistulosum, s. 
 
 Fistuleux. 
 Gas, gas, Gaz. 
 
 Gasf ormig, gasiform, Gazeiforme. 
 Gasometer, gasometer, Gazometre. 
 Gasserscher Nervenknoten, Ganglion Gas- 
 
 seri, s. Ganglion. 
 
 Gasteropoden, Gasteropoda, Gasteropodes. 
 Gastricismus, gastricism, Gastricisme. 
 Gastrisch, gastric, Gastrique. 
 Gattung, genus, Genre. 
 Gattungsnamc, f., generic name, 
 Gauchheil, Anagailis, Mouron. 
 Gauchheil, rothes, Anagailis arvensis, 
 Gaumen, palate, Palais. 
 Gaumen, weicher, soft palate, s. Voile. 
 Gaumenbeine, palate-bones, s. Palais. 
 Gaumenbogen, palatine vault, 
 Gaumenbogen, hinterer, posterior palatine 
 
 pharyngo-palatine arch, s. 
 Gaumenbogen, vorderer, anterior palatine 
 
 glosso-palatine arch, s. Pilier. 
 Gaumenflor, m., s. Gaumensegel. 
 Gaumenfortsatze, palatine processes, s. 
 
 Palatln. 
 
 Gaumengang,-gange, pi. .palatine canals, 
 582 
 
 GEB 
 
 Gaumenheber, Levator palati, Pe'tro-Sta- 
 
 phylin. 
 Gaumenkeilbeinknoten, s- Keilbeingaum- 
 
 enknoten. 
 Gaumenlippenschlagader, arteria palato- 
 
 labialis, s. Palalo-Labial. 
 Gaumenloch, -locher, pi., foramen palatin- 
 
 um, foramina palatina, s. Palatln. 
 Gaumenmuskeln, pi., musculi palatini, 
 Gaumennaht, sutura ossium palati, 
 Gaumennaht, suture of palate, s. Suture. 
 Gaumennerven, nervi palatini, s. Palatine. 
 Gaumenschlagadern, absteigende, auf- 
 
 steigende,arterise palatinse descendentes, 
 
 ascendentes, 
 
 Gaumenschniirer, Constrictor isthmi fau- 
 
 cium, Glosso-Staphylin. 
 Gaumensegel, velum palati, s. Voile. 
 Gaumenspalte, f., fissura , s. Fente. 
 Gaumenspanner,Circumflexus,vel Tensor, 
 
 palati, s. Peristaphylin. 
 Gaumentheil, portio palatina ossis palati, 
 
 s. Palatine. 
 
 Gebiihrung, f., Gebaren, parturition, Ac- 
 couchement, Apocyesie. 
 Geballt, globular, Globuleux. 
 Gebarerinn, f., puerpera, Accouchee. 
 Gebarmutter, uterus, Matrice. 
 Geb'drmutterabscess, m., -eiterung, f., uterine 
 
 abscess, suppuration, s. Abces. 
 Gebarmutterbauchentziindung,metroperi- 
 
 tonitis, MetropeVitonite. 
 Gebarmutterblasenbruch, hystero-cysto- 
 
 cele, Hystero-Cystocele. 
 Gebarmutterblutadern, uterine veins, s. 
 
 Uterine. 
 Gebarmutterblutfluss, metrorrhagia, Me- 
 
 trorrhagie. 
 Gebarmutterbruch, hysterocele, Hyste'ro- 
 
 cele. 
 
 Gebarmutterentziindung,metritis,Me'trite 
 Gebarmuttererweichung, softening of ute- 
 rus, Hysteromalacose. 
 Gebarmutterfluss, m., s. Hysterorrhoe. 
 GebarmuttergeHecht,n., plexus nervorum 
 
 uterinus, s. Plexus. 
 Gebarmutterhals, cervice uteri, s. Col. 
 Gebarmutterhb'rner, pi., cornua , s. Corne. 
 Gebarmutterkrebs, nietrocarcinoma, Me'- 
 
 trocarcinome. 
 Geb'drmutlerlahmung, f., paralysis uteri, s. 
 
 Paralysie. 
 
 Gebarmuttermund, os uteri, s. Museau. 
 Gebarmutternerven, pi., nervi uterini, s. 
 
 Uterine. 
 
 Gebarmutterpolyp, polypus uteri, Metro- 
 polype. 
 Gebarmutterruckwartsumbeugung, retro- 
 
 versio uteri, s. Retroversion. 
 Gebarmutterriss, -zerreissung, laceratio u- 
 
 teri, M^trorrhe'xie. 
 Gebarmutterschieflage, obliquitas uteri, 
 
 Hyste'roloxie. 
 Gebarmutterschlagader, arteria uterina.i. 
 
 Uterine.
 
 GEF 
 
 Gebiirmutterschmerz, hysteralgia, Hyste- 
 ralgie. 
 
 Gebarmutterschnittjhysterotomy, Hyste- 
 rotomie. 
 
 Gebdrmutterschwamm, m., fungus uteri, s. 
 Fongus. 
 
 Gebarmutterspritze, uterus-syringe, Me'- 
 trenchyte. 
 
 Gebiirmutterstein, uterine concretion,Hy- 
 ste'rolithe. 
 
 Gebarmuttersubstanzvergrosserung, Hy- 
 persarcosis uteri, Hypersarcose. 
 
 Gebarmutterumkehrung, -umstiilpung, in- 
 versio uteri, s. Anastrophie. 
 
 Gebarmuttervollblutigkeit, , plethora u- 
 teri, s. PUlhore. 
 
 Gebarmuttervorfall, prolapsus uteri, Hy- 
 ste'roptose. 
 
 Geb'drmuttervorwartsbeugungi , anteversio 
 uteri, s. Anteversion. 
 
 Gebarmutterwassersucht, hydrops uteri, 
 Hydrometre. 
 
 Gebarmutterwindsucht, physometra, Phy- 
 sometre. 
 
 Gebarmutterwunde, f, vulnus uteri, s. Plate. 
 
 Geberden, gestures, Gestes. 
 
 Geberdung, gesticulatio, Gesticulation. 
 
 Gebiss, set or teeth, Denture. 
 
 Gebl'dttert, adj., foliated, Folid. 
 
 Geblatterte Weinsteinerde, terra foliata 
 tartan, 
 
 Gebrannt, adj., calcined, burnt, Calcind. 
 
 Gebrannte Eierschalen, pi., calcined egg- 
 shells, 
 
 Gebrannte Magnesia, calcined magnesia, 
 s. Magnesie. 
 
 Gebrannter Alaun, burnt alum, s. Alun. 
 
 Gebrannter Kalk, quick-lime, s. Chaux. 
 
 Gebranntes Hirschhorn, calcined harts- 
 horn, s. Corne. 
 
 Geburt, partus, Part. 
 
 Geburt, fciinstliche, artificial delivery, 
 
 Geburt, schwere, difficult , Dystocie. 
 
 Geburt, unzeitige, untimely , Amblome. 
 
 Geburtsglieder, pi., organa genitalia mulie- 
 bria, s. Genital. 
 
 Geburtshelfer, man-midwife, Accoucheur. 
 
 Geburtshulfe, obstetrics, Obstetricie. 
 
 Geburtswehen, pi., labour-pains, s. Douleur. 
 
 Geburtszange,f.,obstetrictorceps,s.Forceps. 
 
 Gedachtniss, memory, Memoire. 
 
 Gedachtnissschwache, weakness of memo- 
 ry, Dysmnesie. 
 
 Gedachtnissstarkende Mittel, anamnestic 
 remedies, s. Anamnestique. 
 
 Gedachtnissverlust, amnesia, Amndsie. 
 
 Gedarm, Gedarme, pi., bowels, en trails, in- 
 testines, s. Intestin. 
 
 Gedarme, dicke, large intestines, 
 
 Gedarme, dunne, small , 
 
 Gediegenes Gold, nativ e, pure gold,s. Natif. 
 
 Gedoppelt, double, Double. 
 
 Gefangniss- s. Kerker- fieber. 
 
 Gefass, Gefasse, pi., vessel, Vaisseau. 
 
 Gefassjdoppeltes, double vessel, Diplome. 
 
 583 
 
 GEG 
 
 Gefassanfullung, s. Gefassiiberfullung. 
 Gefassausdehnung, dilatation of vessels, 
 
 Angiectasie. 
 Gefiissbeschreibung, description ofvessels, 
 
 Ange'iographie. 
 
 Gefasse, kurze, vasa brevia, s. Court. 
 Gefassentziindung, angitis, Angite. 
 Gefasserweiterung, s. Gefassausdehnung. 
 Gef'dssfieber, n., angiopyria, Angiopyre. 
 Gffdsshaut, n., Gef'dsshaute, pi., vascular 
 
 membrane, s. Vasculaire. 
 Gefasshaut des Auges, choroid membrane 
 
 of the eye, s. Choro'ide. 
 Gefasshaut des Hirns, plexus of brain, 
 Gefasshaut des Ruckenmarks, pia mater 
 
 medullae spinalis, s. Pie-Mere. 
 Gefasslehre, angiology, Ang^iologie. 
 Gefassleiden, angiopathia, Angeiopathie. 
 Gefasssystem,vascular system,s. Vasculaire 
 Gefassiiberfullung, angioplerosis, Angdio- 
 
 plerose. 
 Gefassverstopfung, obstruction ofvessels, 
 
 Angemphraxie. 
 Gefasszergliederer, angiotomist, Angioto- 
 
 miste. 
 Gef asszergliederung, dissection of vessels, 
 
 Angiotomie. 
 Gefasszerreissung, active haemorrhage, 
 
 rupture of vessels, Ange'iorrhagie. 
 Gefeiltes Zinn, s. Zinnfeile. 
 Gefenstert, fenestratus, Fenetrd. 
 Gefiedert, pinnated, Penne. 
 Gefiederte Muskehi, pi., pennated mus- 
 cles, 
 
 Gefiedertes Blatt, folium pinnatum, _ 
 Gefingert, adj., digitated, Digite. 
 Geflecht, Gedechte, pi., plexus, Plexus. 
 Geflecht, traubenformiges, plexus pampi- 
 
 niformis, s. Pampiniforme. 
 GeHechte der Riickenmarksnerven,plexus 
 
 nervorum spinalium, *. Plexus. 
 Gefleckt, adj., spotted, Macule. 
 Gefliigelt, winged, Aile. 
 Gefrassigkeit, voracity, Adddphagie. 
 Gefrassigkeit, krankhafte, morbid , 
 Gefrierung, congelatio, Congelation. 
 Gefroren, congemus, Congele'. 
 Gefuhl, touch, Tact. 
 Gef iihllos, apathetic, Apathique, 
 Gefiihllosigkeit, anaphia, Anaphie. 
 Gef iihlosigkeit, absence of pain, Anodynie. 
 Gef iihlosigkeit, apathy, Apathie. 
 Gefiihlsvermogen, sensibility, jEsthesie. 
 Gefuhlwdrzchen,p\.,p&pi\lie tactus,s. Pajrille. 
 Gefurcht, grooved, Sillonne. 
 Gegenanzeige, contra-indicatio, Contre-In- 
 
 dication. 
 
 Gegenbock, antitragus, Antitragus. 
 Gegenbogen, s. Gegenleiste. 
 Gegenbruch, counter-fracture, Ape'cheme. 
 Gegend, Gegenden, pi., region, Region. 
 Gegend der Herzgrube, praecordia, s. Pre- 
 
 cordial. 
 Gegend unter den kurzen Rippen, region 
 
 below short ribs, Hypochondre.
 
 GEH 
 
 Gegenden des Korpers, regions of the bo- 
 dy, s. Region. 
 
 Gegenecke, f., s. Gegenbock. 
 Gegeneinandergebogen, connivens, Conni- 
 
 vent. 
 
 Gegengift, Gegengifte, pi., antidote, coun- 
 ter-poison, Antidote, Anti-Pharmaque. 
 
 Gegenkampfer, antagonist, Antagoniste. 
 
 Gegenklopfer, Flexor pollicis brevis,s.An- 
 
 ti-Thenar. 
 Gegenkreis, m.,-leisfe, f.,anthelix, Anthe'lix. 
 
 Gegenmittel, antidotes, s. Antidote. 
 
 Geffenmuskel, m., antagonist muscle, s. An- 
 tagoniste. 
 
 Gegenoffnung, counter-opening, Contre- 
 Ouverture. 
 
 Gegenspalt, m., -spalte, f., counter-fissure, s. 
 Contre-Coup. 
 
 Gegenstandig, Gegeniiberstehend, oppos- 
 ed, Oppose. 
 
 Gegensteller des Daumens, Opponens pol- 
 licis, s. Opposant. 
 
 Gegeniiberstehend, Gegenstandig, opposi- 
 tus, Oppose. 
 
 Gegeniiberstehendblattrig, oppositifolius, 
 Oppositifolie'. 
 
 Gegenvorsteher, m., anti-prostate, Anti- 
 Prostata. 
 
 Gegliedert, articulated, Articule. 
 
 Gegliederte Thiere, *. Gliederthiere. 
 
 Gegliedertes Blatt, folium articulatum, s. 
 Articule. 
 
 Geheimmittel, secret remedy, Arcane. 
 
 Geheimniss, arcanum, 
 
 Gehelmt, galeatus, Casque. 
 
 Gehen, n., progression, Progression. 
 
 Gehirn, grosses, cerebrum, 
 
 Gehirn, kleines, cerebellum, Cervelet. 
 
 Gehirnatrophie, f., atrophy of the brain, s. 
 A trophic. 
 
 Gehirnbander, commissures of the brain, 
 s. Commissure. 
 
 Gehirnblutung, f., cerebral apoplexy,*. Apo- 
 plexie. 
 
 Gehirnentziindung, *. Hirnentztindung. 
 
 Gehirnerweichnng,f.,softemng of the brain, 
 s. Encephalotomie. 
 
 Gehirnhohlen, s. Hirnhohlen. 
 
 Gehirnhohlenwassersucht, hydrencephal- 
 us, Hydrencdphale. 
 
 Gehirnlahmung, plotzliche,s. Schlagfluss. 
 
 Gehb'r, Gehorsinn, m., hearing, sense of 
 hearing, Audition, Ouie. 
 
 Gehor, scharfes, acute hearing, Oxycoie. 
 
 Gehor, schweres, s. Schwerhoren. 
 
 Gehorgang, meatus auditorius, s. Meat. 
 
 Gehorgang ausserer und innerer, meat- 
 us aud. externus et internus, s. Auditif. 
 
 Gehbrgangsnerven, nervi meatus auditorii 
 extern!, 
 
 Gehorknochelchen, ossicula auditus, s. Os- 
 seleL 
 
 Gehormesser, m., acoumeter, Acoumetre. 
 
 Gehormittel, pi., acoustic remedies, s. A- 
 coustique. 
 
 584 
 
 GEK 
 
 CJehornerv, auditory nerve, s. Acoustique. 
 
 Gehornt, horned, Cornu. 
 
 Gehororffan, n., organ of hearing, & Organe. 
 
 Gehorschnecke, cochlea, Lima^-on. 
 
 Gehortauschung, fc, tinnitus aurium, Tin- 
 touin. 
 
 Gehortrompete,*. Eustachische Trompete. 
 
 Geifer, slaver, Bave. 
 
 Geigenformig,fiddle-shaped,Panduriforme 
 
 Geigenformige Blatter, leaves, 
 
 Geilenband, n.,gubern. testis.s. Gouvernail. 
 
 Cieisauge, goat's-eye, JEgilops. 
 
 Geisblatt, Caprifolium, Chevrefeuille. 
 
 Geisklee, Cytisus, Cytise. 
 
 Geiss, Capra, Chevre. 
 
 Geist, spirit, Esprit. 
 
 Geistesabwesenheit, madness, Delire. 
 
 Geistesschwache, oder Geistesarmuth,oli- 
 gopsychia, Oligopsychie. 
 
 Geistig, adj., s. Alkoholisch. 
 
 Geistige Ammoniumrliissigkeit, Spiritus 
 Ammoniae, s. Ammoniaque. 
 
 Geistige Wasser, spirituous waters, s. Eau. 
 
 GeistigerBernsteinauszug^pirituous tinc- 
 ture of amber, s. Succin. 
 
 Geistiges Chinaextract, alcoholic extract 
 of Cinchona, *. Quinquina. 
 
 Gekamphert, camphorated, Camphre'. 
 
 Gekampherte Bleiweisssalbe, ceruse- 
 ointment, s. Camphre. 
 
 Gekamphertes Oel, camphorated oil, 
 
 Gekeimt, germinatus, Germe. 
 
 Gekelcht, calyculatus, Calicule. 
 
 Gekerbt, crenated, Crene. 
 
 Gekielt, carinated, Carene'. 
 
 Gekniet, geniculatus, GenouilJe. 
 
 Gekochter Terpentin, *. Gelbes Harz. 
 
 Gekopft, capitate, Capite". 
 
 Gekornt, Gekbrnelt, granulated, Granule. 
 
 Gekrauselt, crispatus, Crispfe. 
 
 Gekrenzt, adj., decussated, Croise. 
 
 Gekreuztes Band, vorderes hinteres, li- 
 gamentum cruciatum ant poslicum, 
 
 Gekrb'nt, crowned, Couronne. 
 
 Gekrose, mesentery, Me"sentere. 
 
 Gekrose, kleines, mesocolon, Mdsocolon. 
 
 Gekrosblutadern,-venen,mesenteric veins, 
 s. Mesenterique. 
 
 Gekrosbruch, mesenteric hernia, s. Hemie- 
 
 (Jekrosdriise, pancreas, Pancre'as. 
 
 Gekrosdriisen, mesenteric glands, s. Me- 
 senterique. 
 
 Gekrbsdriisenentziindung, pancreatitis, 
 Pancreatite. 
 
 Gekrosdriisenschmerz, pancreatalgia, Pan- 
 
 creatalgie. 
 Gekrosentziindung, mesenteritis, Me'sen- 
 
 te'rite. 
 Gekrosfieber, mesenteric fever, s. Fievre. 
 
 Gekr'dsgeflechte, pL, plexus mesenterici, s. 
 
 Mesenterique. 
 
 Gekrosschwindsucht.mesentericphthisis, 
 Gekriimmt, curved, Courbu. 
 Gekriimmte Sonde, curved sound, Anky- 
 lomele.
 
 GEL 
 
 Gelappt, lobcd, Lobd. 
 
 Gelapptes Blatt, folium lobatum, 
 
 Gelb, yellow, Jaune. 
 
 Gelbe Chinarinde, yellow Cinchona-bark, 
 s. Quinquina* 
 
 Gelbe im E j, yolk of egg, Jaune d'ceuf. 
 
 Gelbe Quecksflbersalbe, Unguentum citri- 
 num ( nitratis hydrargyri), s. Mercure. 
 
 Gelbe Rube, Daucus carota, s. Carole. 
 
 Gelber Amber, yellow amber, s. Ambre. 
 
 Gelber Fleck, macula flava, s. Jaune. 
 
 Gelber Korper, corpus luteum, s. Corps. 
 
 Gelber Pracipitat, s. Quecksilber, schwef- 
 elsaures gelbes. 
 
 Gelbes Cerat, yellow cerate, s. Cerate. 
 
 Gelbes Fieber, fever, 5. Jaune. 
 
 Gelbes Harz, resin, s. Terebinthine, 
 
 Gelblich, yellowish, Jaunatre. 
 
 Gelbliche Bander, ligamenta rlava,s.7awne. 
 
 Gelbsucht, jaundice, Ictere, Jaunisse. 
 
 Gelbsucht durch Gallensteine, jaundice 
 from gall-stones, 
 
 Gelbsucht der Neugeborner, jaundice of 
 new-born children, 
 
 Gelbsucht, schwarze, black jaundice, Me- 
 lasictere. 
 
 Gelbsiichtig, ictericus, Icte'rique. 
 
 Gelbwurz, -wurzel, Curcuma, Curcuma. 
 
 Gelegenheitliche s. Vorbereitende Ur- 
 sache. 
 
 Gelenk, Gelenke, pi., joint, articulation, 
 Arthrose, Article, Articulation. 
 
 Gelenk, bewegliches, arthrodia, Arthrodie. 
 
 Gelenk, kiinstliches, artificial joint, s. Ar- 
 ticulation. 
 
 Gelenk, widernaturliches, anormal , 
 
 Gelenkband, Gelenkbander, pi., articular 
 ligament, s. Articulaire. 
 
 Gelenkbanderentziindung, desmophlogos- 
 is, Desmophlogie. 
 
 Gelenkbeinchen, Gelenkbeinlein, n., s. Se- 
 sambein. 
 
 Gelenkcapsel, articular capsule, s. Capsule. 
 
 Gelenkconcrement, n., -concremente, pi., ar- 
 ticular concretion, s. Articulation. 
 
 Gelenkdriisen, pl.,synovial glanAs,s.Glande. 
 
 Gelenkende der Knochen, articular extre- 
 mities of bones, s. Articulaire. 
 
 Gelenkentziindung, arthrophlogosis, Ar- 
 throphlogose. 
 
 Gelenkfortsatz, Gelenkfortsatze, pi., ar- 
 ticular processes, s. Articulaire. 
 
 Gelenkgeschwulst,arthroncus,Arthroncus. 
 
 Gelenkgeschwiir, Gelenkvereiterung, ar- 
 thropyosis, Arthropuose. 
 
 Gelenkgrube, flache, shallow articular ca- 
 vity, s. Glenoidal. 
 
 Gelenkgrube des Unterkiefers, glenoid ca- 
 vity of the lower jaw, 
 
 Gelenkhbcker des Oberarms, ausserer und 
 innerer, external and internal condyle of 
 humerus, s. Condyle. 
 
 Gelenkhohle, cotyla, Cotyle. 
 
 Gelenkhohle des Schulterblatts, glenoid 
 cavity of scapula, s. Glcnoide. 
 
 585 
 
 GEN 
 
 Gelenkhiigel,-knopf, m., condyle, Condyle. 
 
 Gelenkhiigelgrube, vordere, hintere.fos- 
 
 sa condyloidea anterior, posterior, 
 
 s. Condylien. 
 
 Gelenkhugelloch, vorderes, hinteres, fo- 
 
 ramen condyloideum anterius, pos- 
 
 terius, 
 
 Gelenkknorpel, Gelenkknorpeln, pi., arti- 
 cular cartilage, s. Cartilage. 
 
 GelenkknorpelartigeKorper,Gelenkmause 
 pi., cartilaginous bodies in the joints, s. 
 Articulaire. 
 
 Gelenkknorpelentziindung, f., inflamma- 
 tion of articular cartilages, 
 
 Gelenkkrankheit, chronische, chronic dis- 
 ease of joints, Arthrocace. 
 
 Gelenkpfanne, articular socket, Acetabule. 
 
 G elenkschmerz, arthrody nia, Arthrodynie. 
 
 Gelenksteifigkeit, f., *. Akampsie. 
 
 Gelenkverwachsung, f., s. Ankylose. 
 
 Gelenkwasser, Gelenksaft, Gelenkschleim, 
 Gelenkschmiere, f., synovia, Synovie. 
 
 Gelenkwassersucht, hydrarthrus, Hydrar- 
 thre. 
 
 Gelinde Ausdiinnstung, slight perspira" 
 tion, s. Diapndique. 
 
 Geliisten, n., depraved appetite, s. Appetit. 
 
 Gemein, -schaftlich, common, Commune. 
 
 Gemeine Harzsalbe, s. Konigssalbe. 
 
 Gemeine Hauswurzel, Sempervivum tec- 
 torum, s. Joubarbe. 
 
 Gemeine Kamillen, Matricaria chamomil- 
 la, s. Camomille. 
 
 Gemeiner Alaun, common alum, s. Alun. 
 
 Gemeiner Anis, Pimpinella anisum, s.Anis. 
 
 Gemeiner Fasan, P. colchicus, s. Faisan. 
 
 Gemeiner Hafer, A. sativa, s. Avoine. 
 
 Gemeiner Honig, common honey, s. Miel. 
 
 Gemeiner Rheinfarrn, Tanacetum vulgare, 
 s. Tanaisie. 
 
 Getneines Harzpflaster, common resin- 
 plaster, s. Adhesif. 
 
 Gemeines Salz, salt, s- Hydrochlorate. 
 
 GemeinesSchellkraut ; Chelidoniummajus, 
 s. Chelidoine. 
 
 Gemeinschaftlicher Ausstrecker,Extensor 
 communis, s. Extenseur. 
 
 Gemeinschaftlicher Beuger, Flexor com- 
 munis, s. Flechisseur. 
 
 Gemeinschaftlicher Gallengang, ductus 
 communis choledochus/./f epato- Cystique. 
 
 Gemselkugel, hair-ball, yEgagropile. 
 
 Gemiiseahnlich, oleraceous, Ole'race. 
 
 Gemiiseartige Pflanzen, plants, 
 
 Gemiithsbewegung, -bewegungen, pi., e- 
 motion of the mind, s. Affection. 
 
 Gemiithsruhe, mental repose, Ataraxie. 
 
 Genarbt, adj., scrobiculatus, Scrobicule. 
 
 Genesend, convalescent, Convalescent. 
 
 Genesender, a convalescent, 
 
 Genesung, convalescence, Convalescence. 
 
 Genick, nucha, Nuque. 
 
 Geniessbar, edible, Edule. 
 
 Geniste, Genst, Genista, Genet. 
 
 Genitalien, pi., organa genitalia, s. Genital. 
 
 2R
 
 GES 
 
 Geognosie, geognosy, Geognosie. 
 
 Geographic, geography, Geographic. 
 
 Geographisch,geograpbical,Ge'ographique. 
 
 Geohrt, auriculatus, Oreille. 
 
 Geologic, geology, Geologic. 
 
 Geologisch, geologisch, Geologique. 
 
 Geometrie, geometry, Geometric. 
 
 Geometrisch, geometric, Ge'ometrique. 
 
 Gepaart, conjugatus, Conjugue. 
 
 Gepaartes Blatt, folium conjugatum, 
 
 Gerade, straight, Droit. 
 
 Gerade Augenmuskelc, straight muscles 
 of the eye, s. Droit. 
 
 Gerade Kopfmuskeln, of the head, 
 
 Gerader Bauchmuskel,Rect.abdominis, 
 
 Gerader Schenkelmuskel, Rect.femoris, 
 
 Gerader s. Zelt- Blutleiter. 
 
 Gerandert, marginatus, Margined 
 
 Gerathschaft, chemische, chemical appara- 
 tus, s. Appareil. 
 
 Gerausch, noise, Bruit. 
 
 Gerbermyrte, f. 3 Myrica gale, a. Gale. 
 
 Gerbestoff, tannin, Tannin. 
 
 Gereinifft, adj., purified, Depure. 
 
 Gereinigte Aloe, purified aloe, s. Aloe. 
 
 Gereinigter Honig, honey, s. Despume. 
 
 Gereinigtes Tamarindenmark, purified ta- 
 marind-pulp, s. Tamarin. 
 
 Gerinnen, to coagulate, Cailler. 
 
 Gerinnen der Milch, coaguktion of milk, 
 s. Thrombose. 
 
 Gerinnung des Bluts, of blood, 
 
 Geronnen, coagulated, Caille. 
 
 Geronnene Milch, milk, Caillebotte. 
 
 Gerippe, skeleton, Squelette. 
 
 Gerippt, costatus, Cost*?. 
 
 Gerste, Hordeum, Orge. 
 
 Gerstengraupen, s. Perlgerste. 
 
 Gerstenmilch, barley mflk-gruel,s.JBoM/Wi<?. 
 
 Gerstenschleim, Gerstenwasser, barley- 
 gruel, barley-water, s. Eau, et Orge. 
 
 Gerstenstoff, m., hordein, Horddine. 
 
 Gerstentrank, ptisan, Ptisane. 
 
 Geruch, Geruchsinn, smell, sense of smell, 
 Odorat. 
 
 Geruch, krankhaft erhohter, oxyphresia, 
 Oxyphresie. 
 
 Geruch, iibler, dysodia, Dysodie. 
 
 Geruchkiigelchen, n., pastille for fumigation, 
 *. Pastille. 
 
 Geruchlosigkeit, anosmia, Anosmie. 
 
 Geruchslehre, osphresiology, Osphresiolo- 
 gie. 
 
 Geruchsnerv,-nerven, pi., olfactory nerve, 
 nerves, s. Olfactif. 
 
 Geruchsorgan, n., olfactory organ, 
 
 Geruchsloff, aroma, Arome. 
 
 Gerunzelt, rugose, Rugueux. 
 
 Gesaffrantes Mutterharzptiaster, Emplas- 
 trum Galbani crocatum, s. Galbanum. 
 
 Gesagt, serratus, Serre. 
 
 Gesass, Gesasse, pL, clunis, nates, Fesse. 
 
 Gesassfistel, fistula ani, *. Fistule. 
 
 Gesassmuskeln, musculi glutsei, s. Fessler. 
 
 Gesassnerv, nervus glutaeus, 
 
 586 
 
 GES 
 
 Gesassschlagader, Gesassvene, arteria , 
 vena glutsea, s. Fessler. 
 
 Gesassspalte. rima clunium, 
 
 Gesatigt, saturated, Sature". 
 
 Gesauert, adj., acidulated, Acidule. 
 
 Geschlecht, sex, JSexe. 
 
 Geschlechtlich, sexual, Sexuel. 
 
 Geschlechtlos, agamous, sexless, Agame, 
 Insexe. 
 
 GeschlechtlosePflanzen,planta;agamse, 
 
 Geschlechtslust,Geschlechtstrieb, m., sex- 
 ual passion, s. Anaphrodisie. 
 
 Geschlechtsorgane, Geschlechtstheile, or- 
 gana , partes generationis, s. Sexe. 
 
 Geschlechtstheiltrager, gonophorus, Gon- 
 ophore. 
 
 Geschlechtstrieb vermindernde Mittel, re- 
 media anaphrodisiaca, s. Anaphrodisiaque. 
 
 Geschlitzt, laciniatus, Lacinie\ 
 
 Geschmack, taste, Gout. 
 
 Geschmacklos, tasteless, Insipide. 
 
 Geschmacklosigkeit, f., insipidity, 
 
 Geschmackskorner, -warzchen, papillae of 
 the tongue, s. Papille. 
 
 Geschmacksmangel, loss of sense of taste, 
 Ageusie. 
 
 Geschmacksnerv, gust, nerve, s. Gustatif. 
 
 Geschmacksorgan, n., organ of taste, - 
 
 Geschmeidig, ductile, Ductile. 
 
 Geschmeidigkeit, ductility, Ductilite. 
 
 Geschmolzen, adj., fused, Fondu. 
 
 Geschmolzenes Aetzkali, potassa fusa, 
 
 Geschmolzenes salpetersaures Silber, fus- 
 ed nitrate of silver, s. Argent. 
 
 Geschrei, scream, Cri. 
 
 Geschuppt, scaly, squamous, Ecailleux. 
 
 Geschwanzt, caudatus, Caude'. 
 
 Geschwatzigkeit, garrulity, Babillement. 
 
 Geschwefelt, adj., sulphuretted, Sulfurd. 
 
 Geischweist, semi-flosculosus, Semi-Flos- 
 culeux. 
 
 Geschweiste Blume, flos , 
 
 Geschwullst, Geschwiillste, pi., swelling, 
 tumour, Enflure, Tumeur. 
 
 Geschwur, Geschwiire, pL, abscess, ulcer, 
 Abces, Ulcere. 
 
 Gesegnete Distel, C. benedicta,s.Cen/owrc'e. 
 
 Gesetzbuch, codex, Code. 
 
 Gesicht, sight, vision, Vue. 
 
 Gesichtsblutadern, pi., facial veins, s. Facial. 
 
 Gesichtsfarbe, complexion, Complexion. 
 
 Gesichtsfehler, defect of vision, Dysopsie. 
 
 Gesichtsknochen, facial bones, . Crane- 
 
 Gesichtskries, horizon, Horizon. 
 
 Gec&temMsAre/n,pl.,facialmuscles,s. Facial. 
 
 Gesichtsorgan, n., organum visus, s.Organe. 
 
 Gesichtspustel, facial pustule, s. Bacchic. 
 
 Gesichtsrose, erj'sipelas, s. Erysipele. 
 
 Gesichtsschmerz, nervoser, neuralgia faci- 
 alis, s. Nevralgie. 
 
 Gespalten, fissus, Fendu. 
 
 Gespaltener, oder Gespaltenes, Riickgrat, 
 spina bifida, Spina Bifida. 
 
 Gespannt, tense, Tense. 
 
 Gespornt, calcaratus, Eperonne.
 
 GIE 
 
 Gestalt, conformatio, Conformation. 
 Gestielt, petiolatus, Petiold 
 Gestrahlt, radiatus, Radie. 
 Gestreckt, adj., humifusus, Humifuse. 
 Gestreift, striatus, Candle*. 
 Gestreifter ,Gestreifte Hirnkorper, cor- 
 
 pus striatum, corpora striata, 
 Gestrunkt, stipitatus, Stipitd. 
 Gesundheit, health, Sante. 
 Gesundheitslehre, hygieine, Hygiene. 
 Gestank, fetid odour, Dysodie. 
 Getheilt, partitus, Parti. 
 Getrank, drink, beverage, Boisson. 
 Getreide, corn. Ble. 
 Getiipfelt, punctatus, Pointille'. 
 Getiipfeltes Blatt, folium punctatum, 
 Gewachs, plant, Plante. 
 Gewachs am innern Augenwinkel, tumour 
 in internal angle of the eye, Encanthis. 
 Gewachse, plants, Ve'getaux. 
 Geie'dchsattge,n.,veget&blegerm,s. Bourgeon. 
 Gewachsreich, s. Pflanzenreich. 
 Gewebe, texture, Texture. 
 Gewerb- oder Gewinde-, s. Fugen- gelenk. 
 Gewicht, gravity, Gravite'. 
 Gewimpert, eiliatus, Cilie'. 
 Gewinde, f., spira cochleae, s. Limafon. 
 Gewirbelt, vertebratus, Vertebre. 
 Gewohnheit, habit, Habitude. 
 Gewohnlich, common, Commun. 
 Gewolbe, fornix, vault, Voute. 
 Gewunden, adj., convoluted, Convolute. 
 Gewundener Darm, ileum, Ilion. 
 Gewurz, Gewiirze, pi., spice, s. Arome. 
 Gewiirzessig, A. aromaticum, s. Vinaigre. 
 Gewurzhaft, adj., aromatic, Aromatique. 
 Gewiirzhafte s. Aromatische Mittel. 
 Gewurzlatwerge, f., Confectio aromatica, s. 
 
 Confection. 
 
 Gewurzmyrle, f., Myrtus pimenta, s.Myrte. 
 Gewiirznageleinbaum, Caryophyllus aro- 
 
 maticus, Giroflier. 
 
 Gewiirznelke, -nelken,pl., caryophyllus, 
 Gewiirznelkenol, Oleum Caryophylli, 
 Gewiirznelkentinctur, Tinctura , 
 Gewiirznelkenpflaster, Emplastrum , 
 Gewiirzpulver, Pulvis aromaticus, 
 Gezahnelt, denticulatus, Denticule. 
 Gezahnt, dentatus, Dente. 
 Gezahnte Blatter, folia dentata, 
 Gezahntes Band, ligamentum denticulat- 
 
 um, s. Dentele. 
 
 Geziingelt, adj., ligulate, Ligule. 
 Gezweigt, geminatus, Gemine. 
 Gezweitheilt, bipartitus, Biparti. 
 Gicht, gout, Goutte. 
 Gichtig, adj., gouty, Goutteux. 
 Gichtmetastase, f., gouty metastasis, s. Me- 
 tastase. 
 
 Giessbad, douche, Douche. 
 Giessbeckenknorpel, -knorpeln, pi., aryte- 
 
 noid cartilage, s. Aryteno'ide. 
 Giessbeckenmuskel, -muskeln, pi., aryte- 
 
 noid muscle, 
 
 587 
 
 GLU 
 
 Gift, Gifte, pi., poison, Poison. 
 
 Gifte, betaubende, narcotic poisons,s.,ZVar- 
 
 cotique. 
 
 Gifte, scharfe, acrid , s. Acre. 
 Giftig, poisonous, Toxique. 
 
 Giftiger Hahnenfuss, Ranunculus scelera- 
 tus, s. Renoncule. 
 
 Giftlehre, toxicology, Toxicologie. 
 
 Giftpriifung, docimasia venenorum, s. Do- 
 cimasie. 
 
 Giftsalat, Lactuca virosa, s. Laitue. 
 
 Giftsalatextract, Extractum L. virosae, 
 
 Giftsalattinctur, Tinctura , 
 
 Giftsumach, Gifteiche, Rhus toxicoden- 
 dron, s. Sumac. 
 
 Giftwurzel, radix Contrajerva?, s. Contra, 
 yerva. 
 
 Giftzahn, poison-tooth, s. Crotale. 
 
 Gigantisch, gigantic, Geant. 
 
 Ginglymusformig, ginglymoid, Gingly- 
 moidal. 
 
 Gipfel, m., acme, Acme'. 
 
 Gipfel einer Krankheit, of a disease, 
 
 Glanzassel, S. electrica, s. Scolopendre. 
 
 Glahrke, Pleuronectes limanda, Limande. 
 
 Glasahnlich, Glasartig, hyaloid, Hyalo'ide. 
 
 Glasern, adj., vitreous, Vitre. 
 
 Glaserne Feuchtigkeit, Glasfeuchtigkeit, 
 vitreous humour, s. Humeur. 
 
 Glashaut, hyaloid membrane, s. Hyalo'ide. 
 
 Glashautentziindung, inflammation of hy- 
 aloid membrane, Hyalite. 
 
 Glaskorper, corpus vitreum, s. Corps. 
 
 Glaskraut, Parietaria, Parietaire. 
 
 Glaubersalz, n., Glauber's salt, s. Sulfate. 
 
 Glaukom, Glaucoma, Glaucome. 
 
 Gleich, equal, Egal. 
 
 Gleichartig, s. Homogen. 
 
 Gleichartigkeit, s. Homogenitat. 
 
 Gleichgewicht, equilibrium, Equilibre. 
 
 Gleichmachung, assimilation, Homoiose. 
 
 Gleichschallg, adj., equivalve, Equivalve. 
 
 Gletscher, glacier, Glaciere. 
 
 Glied, limb, member, Membre. 
 
 Glieder, pi., membra, etiam articuli plant- 
 arum, s. Article. 
 
 Gliederablosung, f, amputation of limbs, 
 s. Amputation. 
 
 Gliederfluss, Gliederreissen, rheumatism, 
 Rhumatisme. 
 
 Gliederschmerz, arthralgia, Arthralgie. 
 
 Gliederstrecken, s. Dehnen. 
 
 Gliedersucht, arthritis, Arthrite. 
 
 Glicderthiere, pi., Articulata, Articules. 
 
 Gliedschwamm, fungus articulorum, Ar- 
 throspongus. 
 
 Gliedwasser, synovia, Synovie. 
 
 Gliedzieher, arthrembolus, Arthrembole. 
 
 Glimmer, mica, s. 
 
 Glimmerartig, micaceous, Micace. 
 
 Glimmerschiefer, micaceous schistus, 
 
 Gliodine, Gloodine, gliadina, Gliadine. 
 
 Gliihen, incandescence, Incandescence. 
 
 Gliihend, incandescent, Incandescent. 
 
 Gluten, s. Kleber.
 
 GUI 
 
 Glyken, glycinum, Glycinium. 
 
 Glykine, glycina, Glucyne. 
 
 Gnaden-,Gnathenkraut,Gratiole,Gratiole. 
 
 Gold, gold, Or. 
 
 Goldader, f., -adern, pi., hsemorrhoidal vein, 
 veins, s. Hemorrho'idal. 
 
 Goldaderfluss, m., flux, 
 
 Goldadler, Aquila chrysaetos, s. Aigle. 
 
 Goldfarbener Spiessglanzschwefel, Gold- 
 schwefel, sulphur auratum sulphure- 
 tum antimonii, s. Sulfure. 
 
 Goldfinger, digitus annularis,s. Annulmre. 
 
 Goldfliege, Goldwespe, Chrysis, Chryside. 
 
 Goldkafer, Chrysomela, Chrysomele. 
 
 Goldleim, chrysocolla, Chrysocolle. 
 
 Goldmacher, alchemist, Alchimiste. 
 
 Goldmacherei, Goldmacherkunst, art of 
 making gold, Chrysopee. 
 
 Goldne Ader, s. Hamorrhoide. 
 
 Goldoxydammonium, n., s. Knallgold. 
 
 Goldscheidewasser, s. Konigswasser. 
 
 Gottertrank, nectar, Nectar. 
 
 Goulard'sches Wasser, Goulard-water, s. 
 Plomb. 
 
 Gonorrhoe, gonorrhoea, Gonorrhe'e. 
 
 Gonorrhoisch, gonorrhoicus, 
 
 Grab, grave, Fosse. 
 
 Grad, degree, Degre. 
 
 Granatapfel, pomegranate, Grenade. 
 
 Granatapfelbliithen,Granatbluthen, pome- 
 granate-flowers, Balaustier. 
 
 Granatapfelschale, rind, s. Grenade. 
 
 Granatbaum, Punica granatum, 
 
 Grannen, arista, Arete. 
 
 Granuliren, granulatio, Granulation. 
 
 Granulirt, granulatus, Granule'. 
 
 Graphit, graphites, Graphite. 
 
 Grasahnlich, grass-like, Graminiforme. 
 
 Grasb'dlglein, n., gluma, Glume. 
 
 Grasblattrig, graminifolius, Graminifolie. 
 
 Graser, Gramineae, Graminees. 
 
 Grasfressend, graminivorus, Graminivore. 
 
 Grat, Grath, m., spine, Epine. 
 
 Grat des Schulterblatts, spina scapulae, 
 
 Grdten, pi., ossicula musculorum, s. Arete. 
 
 Gratzange, Gratenzange, bone-forceps, A- 
 canthabole. 
 
 Graue Ipekakuanha, grey Ipecacuanha, s. 
 Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Graue Hlrnsubstams, Nervensubstanss, sub- 
 stantia (cerebri) cineritia, *. Cendre. 
 
 Graue Quecksilbersalbe, grey quicksilver- 
 ointment, s. Mercure. 
 
 Grauer Amber, ambergris, Ambergris. 
 
 Grauer Staar, cataract, Cataracte. 
 
 Graues Feldhuhn, *. Feldhuhn. 
 
 Graupenhagel, small hail, Gre'sil. 
 
 Grauwerden der ffaare, canities, Canitie. 
 
 Greisenbogen, m., arcus senilis, Arc senile. 
 
 Griechisches Heu, s. Bockshorn. 
 
 Gries, gravel, Gravelle. 
 
 Griesig, gravelly, Graveleux. 
 
 Griffel, style, Style. 
 
 Griffelformig, graphoid, styloid, Graph- 
 oide, Styloide. 
 
 588 
 
 GRU 
 
 Griftelformiger Fortsatz, Griflfelfortsatz, 
 styloid process, *. Stylmde. 
 
 Griffislloch, n., foramen stylo-mastoideum, 
 *. Stylo-Masto'ide. 
 
 GrifFellochschlagader.art. st.-mastoidea, 
 
 Griffelschlund-.Griffelschlunclkopf'rnuskel, 
 Stylo-pharyngeus, Stylo-Pharyngien. 
 
 Griffelzungenmuskel, Stylo-glossus, Sty- 
 lo-Glosse. 
 
 Griftelzungenbeinmuskel.Stylo-hyoideus, 
 Stylo-Hyo'ide. 
 
 Grimmdarm, colon, Colon. 
 
 Grimmdarmbhttadern, f., pi., venoe colicae, 
 s. Colique. 
 
 Grimmdarmgec/end, f., regio colica, 
 
 Grimmdarmgekrose, mesocolon, Me'soco- 
 lon. 
 
 Grimmdarmgekrosdrusen, pi., glands of , 
 
 Grimmdarmklappe, f., valvula cceci, s. 
 
 Grimmdarmschlagadern, f., pi., colic arter- 
 ies, *. Colique. 
 
 Grimmdarmxellen, f., pi., cells, s. Cellule. 
 
 Grind, s. Kopf'grind. 
 
 Grindiff, adj., pertaining to Tinea capitis, 
 Teigneux. 
 
 Gross, adj., large, Grande. 
 
 Grossblattrig, grandifolius, Grandifolie. 
 
 Grossblumig, grandiflorus, Grandiflore. 
 
 Grosse Muskeln des Schenkelbeins, mus- 
 culi vasti femoris, s. Vaste. 
 
 Grosse Welt, macrocosm, Macrocosme. 
 
 Grosse Zehe, great toe, s. Orteil. 
 
 Grosser Anzieher des Schenkels, Adductor 
 magnus femoris, s. Adducteur. 
 
 Grosser Brustmuskel, P. major, s. Pectoral. 
 
 Grosser ErschlafFer des Paukenfelles,Lax- 
 ator tympani major, Spheni-Salpingo- 
 Malle'en. 
 
 Grosser Gesassmuskel, Gluteus maximus, 
 s. Fessier. 
 
 Grosser Balken, s. Hirnschwiele. 
 
 Grosser Muskel der Ohrleiste, Helicis ma- 
 jor, Helicien. 
 
 Grosser Ilautenmuskel.Rhomboideus ma- 
 jor, .s. Rhombo'idal. 
 
 Grosser Rollhiigel, tr. major, s. Trochanler. 
 
 Grosser Sagemuskel, Serratus magnus, s. 
 Dentele. 
 
 Grosser Wegerich, PI. major, s. Plantain. 
 
 Grosses s. Gemeines Schellkraut. 
 
 Grosskopfig,macrocephalus,Macrocephale. 
 
 Grossfriichtig, macrocarpus, Macrocarpe. 
 
 Grosswurzlich,macrorrhizus,Macrorrhize. 
 
 Grube, pit, depression, Fosse. 
 
 Griibchen, scrobiculus, Fossette. 
 
 Griibchen in der Mutterscheide, lacunae 
 vaginae muliebris, s. Lacune. 
 
 Griin, adj., green, Vert. 
 
 Grund, Grundflache ," f., basis, Base. 
 
 Grundbein, os basilare, s. Sasilaire. 
 
 Grundblutleiter,sinus basilares,s. Occipital- 
 
 Grundflache des Gehirns, basis cerebri, 5. 
 
 Grundflache des Schadels, cranii,s. Base. 
 
 Grundliche Heilung, radical cure,s. Radical. 
 
 Griindling, Cyprinus gobio, Goujon.
 
 Grundschlagader, (., arteria basilaris, s. Ba~ 
 silaire. 
 
 Grundtheil des Hinterhauptbeins, pars ba- 
 silaris ossis occipitis, 
 
 Griine Nieswurz, H. viridis, s. Hellebore. 
 
 Griiner Thee, Thea viridis, s. The. 
 
 Griiner Wasserfrosch, liana esculenta, s. 
 Grenouille. 
 
 Griines Kupferoxyd, Grunspan, s. Essig- 
 saures Kupf'er. 
 
 Grunharz,-stoff,chlorophyle,Chlorophylle. 
 
 Griitze, groats, Gruau. 
 
 Griitzebrei, Decoct, avense decorticatse, 
 
 Guajakauflosung in Taffia, Solution of 
 Guaiacum in rum, s. Gaiac. 
 
 Guajakbaum, Guaiacum officinale, 
 
 Guajakextract, geistiges, wasseriges, al- 
 coholic , watery guaiacum-extract, 
 
 Guajakharz, -gummi, resin, -gum, 
 
 Guajakholz, lignum guaiaci, 
 
 Guajakholzb'l, Guajakol, oleum , 
 
 Guajakholztinctur, Tinctura , 
 
 Gummi, gum, Gomme. 
 
 Gummigewachs, n., elastic tumour, 
 
 Gummigutt, cambogia, gambogia,s.G/Vr. 
 
 Gummiguttseife, gamboge-soap, 
 
 Gummigutttinctur, gamboge-tincture, 
 
 GYll 
 
 Gummiharz, gum-resin, Gomme-Resine. 
 
 Gummi Lack, lac, Laque. 
 
 Gurgelmittel, -wasser, gargle, Gargarisme. 
 
 Gurgeln, gargling, Anaconchylisme. 
 
 Gurt, Gurtel, waist, Ceinture. 
 
 Giirtel, Herpes zoster, Zone. 
 
 Gurke, Cucumis, Concombre. 
 
 Gute Beschaffenheit des Bluts, der 
 
 Sinne, healthy state of the blood, of 
 
 the senses, Euaemie, Eusesthesie. 
 Gute Gesundheit, good health, Eucrasie. 
 GuteHautfarbe, complexion, Euchred. 
 Gute Verdauung, digestion, Eupepsie. 
 Guter Gemiithszustand, mental tranquili- 
 
 ty, Euthymie. 
 
 Gymnasium, gymnasium, Gymnase. 
 Gymnast, gymnasia, Gymnaste. 
 Gymnastich, gymnastic, Gymnastique. 
 Gymnastik, gymnasticks, Gymnastique. 
 Gymnospermie, Gymnospermia, Gymno- 
 
 spermie. 
 Gymnospermisten, plantae gymnospermse, 
 
 s. Gymnospermie. 
 
 Gynandrie, Gynandria, Gynandrie. 
 Gyps, gypsum, Gypse. 
 Gypsartig, gypseus, Gypseux. 
 Gyrus, gyre, Circon volution. 
 
 H. 
 
 HAK 
 
 HAL 
 
 Haar, Haare, pi., hair, Crin. 
 
 Haarausfallung, fall of , Alope'cie. 
 
 Haarbuschel, m., capillitium, Chevelure. 
 
 Haarfein, -formig, capillary, Capillaire. 
 
 Haargefasse, s. Capillargefasse. 
 
 Haarkopf, Tricocephalus, Trichocephale. 
 
 Haarkrankheit, trichiasis, Trichiase- 
 
 Haarrohrchenanziehung, capillarity, Ca- 
 pillarite'. 
 
 Haarschaft, m., truncus pili, s. Tige. 
 
 Haarschnur, Haarseil, seton, Seton. 
 
 Haarschwanz, Trichuris, Trichuride. 
 
 Haarspalle, f, capillary fissure, s. Capillaire. 
 
 Haarwurm, Gordius, s. Filaire. 
 
 Haarwurzel, -wurzeln, pi., capillary radi- 
 cle, s. Capillaire. 
 
 Haarzwiebel, bulbus pili, s. Bulbe. 
 
 Hackerig, hispidus, Hispide. 
 
 Hafer, Arena, Avoine. 
 
 Hafergriitze, avena decorticata, 
 
 Hafermehl, farina avense, 
 
 Haferschleim, decoctum , 
 
 Hagel, hail, Grele. 
 
 Hagelfleck, s. Keimfleck. 
 
 Hagelgeschwulst,-korn,chalazium,Chalaze 
 
 Hagelstein, -steine, pi., hailstone, s. Grile. 
 
 Hahnenfuss, Ranuriculus, Renoncule. 
 
 Hahnenkamm, crista galli, Crete. 
 
 Hahnentritt, cicatricula, Cicatricule. 
 
 Haken, Hacken, Hakchen, hook, Crochet. 
 
 Hakenbein, os unciforme, s. Crochu. 
 
 Hakenformig, Hakig, unciformis, uncinat- 
 us, Crochu. 
 
 589 
 
 Haken-, Hackenarmmuskel, Coraco-bra- 
 
 chialis, Coraco-Brachial. 
 Halbart, sub-species, s. Espece. 
 Halbbad, semi-balneum ?, Demi-Bain. 
 Halbdornmuskel des Nackens, Semi-Spin- 
 
 alis colli, s. Demi-Epineux. 
 Halbdornmuskel des Riickens, dorsi, 
 Halbdreitagiges Fieber, febris semi-tertia- 
 
 na, He'mitrite'e. 
 
 Halbdurch&ichtig, semi-transparent, De- 
 mi-transparent. 
 Halbdurchsichtigkeit, semi-transparency, 
 
 Demi-Transparence. 
 Halbflechsigter s. Halbsehniger Mus- 
 
 kel. 
 
 Halbgefliigelt, hemipterous, Hemiptere. 
 HalbgeHiigelte Insekten, Hemiptera,He- 
 
 mipteres. 
 Halbnautiger Muskel, Semi-Membranos- 
 
 us, Demi-Membraneux. 
 Halbkopf, hemicejihalus, He'miencdphale. 
 Halbkugel, hemisphere, Hemisphere. 
 Halbkugelichter Blatterschwamm, Agari- 
 
 cus semiglobatus, s. Agaric. 
 Halbkugelig, Halbkugelformig,hemisphe- 
 
 rical, Hemispherique. 
 Halbkugeln des grossen Gehirns, hemis- 
 
 pheria cerebri, *. Hemisphere. 
 Halbmetall, semi-metal, Demi-Metal. 
 Halbmondformig, semi-lunar, Scmi-Lu- 
 
 naire. 
 
 Halbmondformige Klappe, valves, 
 Halbmondformige Knoten, ganglia,
 
 HAN 
 
 Halbrund, s. Halbzirkelformig. 
 Halbschlag, hemiplegia, Hemiplegie. 
 Halbsehniger Muskel, Semi-tendinosus, 
 
 Demi-Tendineux . 
 Halbseitiger Schlag, s. Halbschlag. 
 Halbseitiges Kopfweh, hemicrania, He'mi- 
 
 cranie. 
 
 Halbsichtigkeit, hemiopia, Hemiopie. 
 Halbstiefel, half-boot, Bottine. 
 Halbunpaarige Blutader,vena. demi-azygos, 
 
 *. Azggos. 
 Halbweingeistige Tinctur, Tinctura semi- 
 
 spirituosa, s. Tincture, 
 Halbzirkelformig, semi-circular, Demi- 
 
 Circulaire. 
 
 Halm, culm, Chaume. 
 Halmknoten, stem-knots, _ 
 Hcdmpfianzen, pi., culmiferous plants, s. 
 Halmtragend, culmiferous, Culmifere. 
 Halogen, nalogenium, Halogene. 
 Hals, neck, Col, Collet. 
 Hals der Gebarmutter, cervix uteri, 
 Hals der Harnblase, neck of bladder, 
 Hals des Unterkiefers, of lower jaw, 
 Hals, schiefer, wry neck, Torticollis. 
 Halsader, s. Kehlvene. 
 Halsband, Halsring, collar, Collet. 
 Halsblutadcrn, Halsvenen, , pi., cervical 
 
 veins, s. Cervical. 
 
 Halsdrusen, f., pi., glands, Cervical. 
 Halsentziindung, angina, Angine. 
 Jfalsflosser, pi., Jugulares (Pisces), Jugu- 
 
 laires. 
 
 Halsgeflecht, cervical plexus, s. Cervical. 
 Halsknoten, oberer, mittlerer, unter- 
 
 er,superior,middle,inferior ganglion, 
 Halsmandel, tonsil, Amygdale. 
 HalsmusTeeln, pi., cervical muscles, s. 
 Halsnerven, nerves, s. Cervical. 
 Halspulsadern, s. Kopfschlagadern. 
 Halsschlagader,aufsteigende, arteria cervi- 
 
 calis adscendens, s. Cervical. 
 Halswirbel, cervical vertebra, 
 Halswirbelbein, erstes, zweites, first 
 
 and second cervical , Atlas, Axis. 
 Halswirbelblutadern, pi., venae vertebrales, 
 
 s. Vertebral. 
 Halszitzen-.Halswirbelzitzenfortsatzmus- 
 
 keljTr.-mastoideuSjTrachelo-Masto'idien 
 Hamastatik, haemastatice, Hemastatique. 
 Hamatemesis, s. Blutbrechen. 
 Hamatit, 5. Blutstein. 
 Hamatographie, s. Blutbeschreibung. 
 Hamatologie, s. Blutlehre. 
 Hammeltalg, sebum ovinum, s. Suif. 
 Hammer, malleus, Marteau. 
 Hammermuskeln, pi., musculi mallei, 
 Hamoptysis, s. Blutspeien. 
 Hamorrhagie, haemorrhage, He'morrhagie. 
 Hamorrhagien, Haemorrhagiae, Hemor- 
 
 rhagies. 
 Hamorrhoide, Hamorrhoiden, pi., haemor- 
 
 rhoid, Hemorrhoide. 
 Hand, hand, Main. 
 Handarzt, chiriater, Chiriatre. 
 
 590 
 
 HAB. 
 
 Handbinde, fascia digitalis, Gantelet. 
 Handfb'rmig, palmatus, Palme. 
 Handgelenk, m., articulatio manus, s. 
 Handgelenkkrankheit, chirarthrocace,Chi- 
 
 rarthrocace. 
 
 Handgicht, chiragra, Chiragre. 
 Handlos, achirus, Achire. 
 Handrucken, n., dorsum manus, s. Dos. 
 Handruckenband, n., ligamentum dorsale 
 
 manus vel carpi, s. Dorsal. 
 Handriickenblutadern, pi., venae dorsales, 
 Handteller, m., palma manus, Paume. 
 HandverrenJcung, f., luxatio , s. Luxation. 
 Handwurzel, carpus, Carpe. 
 Handwurzelbeine, -knochen, ossa carpi, 
 Ha'ring, Clupea harengus, s. Clupee. 
 Hangewarze, pendulous wart,Acrochordon. 
 Harder'sche Driise, glandula Harderi, s. 
 
 Clignotant. 
 Harn, urine, Urine. 
 Harnabscess, urinary abscess, s. Abces. 
 Harnabgang, Harnabsonderung, excretio 
 
 urinae, Diurese. 
 
 Harnahnlich, -artig, urinosus, Urineux. 
 Harnblase, vesica urinaria, s. Urinaire. 
 Harnblasenbruch, s. Blasenbruch. 
 Harnblasenlahmung, cystoplegia, Cysto- 
 
 plegie. 
 
 Harnblasenschmerz, s. Blasenschmerz. 
 Harnblasenschnitt, s, Blasenschnitt. 
 Harnblasenschwamm, m., fungus vesicae 
 
 urinariae, s. Foru/vs. 
 
 Harnblasenverdickung, f., thickening of uri- 
 nary bladder, s. 
 Harnblasenverrenkung, contraction of , 
 
 Cystostenochorie. 
 
 Harnblasenvorfall, . Blasenvorfall. 
 Harnblasenzerreissung, fl, rupture of urin- 
 ary bladder, s. Rhexis. 
 Harnbruch, urocele, Urocele. 
 Harafistel, urinary fistula, s. Urinaire. 
 Harnfluss, s. Harnruhr. 
 Harngange,Harnwege,viae urinariae,s. Voie 
 Harngefass, Hirnglas, urinal, Urinal. 
 Harngries, urinary gravel, *. Gravelle. 
 Harnhaut, *. Wurstbautchen. 
 Harnkanalchen, pl.,tubuli uriniferi,s. Tube. 
 Harnkrankheiten, Uroses, Uroses. 
 Harnkrise, urocrisia, Urocrisie. 
 Harnleiter, ureter, Urdtere. 
 Harnleiterblutfluss, ureterorrhagia, Ure- 
 
 terorrhagie. 
 Harnleiterentziindung, ureteritis, Ure'te- 
 
 rite. 
 Harnlelterschmerz, ureteralgia, Ure'tdral- 
 
 gie. 
 
 Harnleiterstein,ureterolithus,Ureterolite. 
 Harnrohre, urethra, Urethre. 
 Harnrohrenblutfluss, urethrorrhagia, U- 
 
 rethrorrhagie. 
 Harnrohrenentziindung, inflammation of 
 
 the urethra, Urethrite. 
 HarnriJhrenfistel, fistula urethrae,s./'wft/< > . 
 Harnrohrenkrampf, urethro-spasmus, Ure 1 - 
 
 throspasme.
 
 HAU 
 
 Harnr6hrenschleimfluss,urethrorrhcea,U- 
 
 re'throrrhe'e. 
 Harnrohrenschmerz, urethralgia, Ure- 
 
 thralgie. 
 Harnrohrenschnitt, urethrotomia, Ure'- 
 
 throtomie. 
 Harnrdhrenverstopfung, urethrophraxia, 
 
 Urethrophraxie. 
 
 Harnrohrenzwiebel,bulb.urethrae,..BM/fo. 
 Harnruhr, diabetes, Diabete. 
 Harnruhr,honigartige,diabetesmellitus, 
 Harnruhr, unschmackhafte, insipidus, 
 Harnsaure, uric acid, s. Urate. 
 Harnsaures Salz, urate, Urate. 
 Harnsaures Ammonium, of ammonia, 
 Harnschau,-sehen,n.,uroscopia,Uroscopie. 
 Harnschmerz, urodynia, Urodynie. 
 Harnschneller, Accelerator urinae, Bulbo- 
 
 Caverneux. 
 
 Harnschnur, Harnstrang, s. Blasenband. 
 Harnstein, urinary concretion, s. Urinaire. 
 Harnsteinkrankheit, urolithiasis, Urolith- 
 
 iase. 
 
 Harnstoff, urea, Uree. 
 Harnstrenge, strangury, Strangurie. 
 Harntreibend, s. Diuretisch. 
 Harntreibende s. Diuretische MitteL 
 Harnverhaltung, Harnverstopfung, isch- 
 
 ury, retention of urine, Ischurie. 
 Harnwerkzeuge, pi., organa uropoetica, s. 
 
 Organe. 
 
 Harnzapfer, catheter, Catheter. 
 Harnzwang, dysuria, Dysurie. 
 Hart, hard, Dur. 
 Harte, hardness, Durete'. 
 Harte Augenhaut, Augenapfelhaut, mem- 
 
 brana sclerotica, s. Sclirotiqve. 
 Harte Hirnhaut, dura mater, Dure-Mere. 
 HartesFleischgewachs,sclerosarcoma,Scle- 
 
 rosarcome. 
 
 Harthautig, callous, Calleux. 
 Hartleibigkeit, constipation, Obstipation. 
 Harz, resin, Resine. 
 Haschen, lepusculus, Levraut. 
 Hase, Hasin, f., Lepus, Lie'vre. 
 Haselnuss, hazel-nut, Noisette. 
 Haselstaude, -strauch, Corylus, Coudrier. 
 Haselwurz, Asarum, Asaret. 
 Hasenauge,lagophthalmia,Lagophthalmie 
 Hasenfiissig, lagopus, Lagope. 
 Hasenfiissiges Feldhuhn, Tetrao , 
 Hasenscharte, hare-lip, Lagochile. 
 Haube, reticulum, Bonnet. 
 Haube, calyptra, Calyptre. 
 Haube, Haubennetze, cawl, Coiffe. 
 Haufung, congestio, Congestion. 
 Haupt, n., Haupter, pi., s. Kopf. 
 Hauptader, Hauptblutader, -adern, pi., ce- 
 phalic vein, s. Cephaliyue. 
 Hauptbinde, fascia cucullata,Couvre-Chefl 
 Haupthaar, capillitium, Chevelure. 
 Hauptschlagaaer, s. Kopfschlagader. 
 Hauptiaeh, n., cephalsea, Cephal^e. 
 Hausschwalbe, H. urbica, s. Hirondelle. 
 Haustaube, Colomba livia, s. Pigeon. 
 
 591 
 
 HEI 
 
 Hauswanze, s. Bettwanze. 
 Hauswurz, Sempervivum, Joubarbe. 
 Haut, Haute, pi., skin, Derme, Peau. 
 Haut, membrane, Membrane. 
 Hautabschuppung, cutaneous desquatna- 
 
 tion, s. Desquamalion. 
 Hautauschlag, eruption, s. Eruption. 
 Hautausdiinnstung, cutaneous transpira- 
 
 tion, Diaphorese. 
 Hdutchen, n., cuticula, Cuticule. 
 Hautdrusen, cutaneous glands, s. Cutane. 
 Hautentziindung, dermatitis, Dermatite. 
 Hautfleck, schwarzer, s. Altersfleck. 
 Hautformig, membraniform, Membrani- 
 
 forme. 
 
 Hautig, membranous, Membraneux. 
 Hautk'dfer, m., Dermestes, Dermeste. 
 Hautkrankheiten, cutaneous diseases, s. 
 
 Cutane, 
 
 Hautlehre, dermology, Dermologie. 
 Hautlein, angewachsenes, tunica adnata 
 
 oculi, s. Adne. 
 
 Ilaulmoos, n., Lichen (cutis), Lichen. 
 Hautmuskel des Halses, Hauthalsmuskel, 
 
 musculus cutaneus colli, s. Cutane. 
 Hautnerv, nervus cutaneus, 
 Hautrothe, Erythema, Erytheme. 
 Hautsalbe, Hautschmiere, f., unctuous mat- 
 
 ter of the skin, s. Smegma. 
 Hautschrunde, -spaltung,f.,chap,Rhagade. 
 Hautwarzchen, s. Nervenwarzchen. 
 Hautwassersucht, Anasarca, Anasarque. 
 Hautwindsucht, f., s. Emphysem. 
 Hautwurm, s. Medinawurm. 
 Hebamme, midwife, Accoucheuse. 
 Hebammenkunst, midwifery, Obstetricie. 
 Hebarzt, man-midwife, Accoucheur. 
 Hebeisen, elevator, Elevatoire. 
 Hebemuskel des Hodens, Cremaster, Cre- 
 
 master. 
 
 Hecht, Esox lucius, Brochet. 
 Hefen, dregs, Lie. 
 Hef'tig, acute, severe, Aigu. 
 Heftiger Hunger, s. Heisshunger. 
 Heftiger Schmerz, violent pain, s. Aigu. 
 Heidelbeere, Vaccinium (fructus Vaccinii 
 
 myrtilli ?), s. Airette. 
 Heidelbeerstrauch, V. myrtillus, 
 
 Heilart, -methode, methodus medendi, 
 Heilend, curative, Curatif. 
 Heilig, sacral, Sacre\ 
 Heiligbein, Heiliges Bein, s. Kreuzbein. 
 Heiliges Fieber, hieropyra, Hieropyre. 
 Heilkraftig, medicinal, 'Medicinal. 
 Heilkraut, Heracleum, Berce. 
 Heilkrauter, medicinal plants,s. Medicinal. 
 Heilkunde, f., s. Therapeutik. 
 Heilkunst, f., s. Arzneikunst. 
 Heilmittel, curative remedy, s. Curatif. 
 Heilmittellehre, acologia, Acologie. 
 Heimweh, nostalgia, Nostalgic. 
 Heinrich,guter,Cnenopodium bonus Hen- 
 
 ricus, s. Anserine. 
 Heisshunger, bulimia, Boulimie.
 
 HER 
 
 Hektik, Hektisches Fieber, hectic fever,*. 
 Hektisch, hectic, Hectique. 
 Helenenkraut, Inula helenium, Aunee. 
 Hell, clear, limpid, Clair. 
 Helm, galea, Casque, Galea. 
 Helminthologie, helminthology, Helmin- 
 
 thologie. 
 Helminthologisch, helminthological, Hel- 
 
 minthologique. 
 
 Hematine, fT, haematina, He'matine. 
 Hemeralopie, hemeralopia, Hemeralopie. 
 Hemikranie, hemicrania, Hemicranie. 
 Hemiplegie, hemiplegia, Hemiplegie. 
 Hemisphere, f., hemisphere, Hemisphere. 
 Hepatisch, hepatic, He'patique. 
 Hepatographie, hepatographia, He'pato- 
 
 graphie. 
 
 Heptandrie, Heptandria, Heptandrie. 
 Herabhangend, deflexus, Denechi. 
 Herablaufend, decurrens, De'current. 
 Herabzieher des Mundwinkels, Depressor 
 
 anguli oris, s. Abaisseur. 
 Herabzieher desNasenfliigels, alsenasi,. 
 Herabzieher der Unterlippe, labii infe- 
 
 rioris, 
 
 Herabziehung, depression, Abaissement. 
 Herausfallen, ecptoma, Ecptome. 
 Herausnehmen, exseresis, Exe'rese. 
 Heraustreten der Augen, ecpiesmus, Ec- 
 
 piesme. 
 
 Herb, Herbe, austere, Acerbe, Austere. 
 Herber Wein, sour rough wine. 
 Herbigkeit, acerbity, Acerbite". 
 Herborisiren, to herborize, Herboriser. 
 Herbst, autumn, Automne. 
 Herbstfieber, n., autumnal fever, s. 
 Herbstlich, autumnal, Automnale. 
 Herbstzeit, f., autumnal season, 
 Herbstzeitlose, C. autumnale, s. Colchique. 
 Herbstzeitlosenessig, Acetum Colchici, 
 Herbstzeitlosensauerhonig, Oxymel , 
 Herbstzeitlosensyrup, Syrupus , 
 Herbstzeillosentinctur, geistige, wein- 
 
 ige, Tinctura , Vinum Colchici, 
 Hermaphrodit, hermaphrodite, Hermaph- 
 rodite. . 
 
 Hermetisch, hermetic, Herme'tique. 
 Hermodactel,hermodactylus,Hermodacte. 
 Herpes, Herpes, Dartre. 
 Herpetisch, nerpetic, Herpe"tique. 
 Herumschweifendes Nervenpaar, par va- 
 
 gum, vel nervi vagi, s. Vague. 
 Herz, heart, Coeur. 
 Herzbeutel, pericardium, Pe'ricarde. 
 Herzbeutelentziindung, pericarditis, Pe- 
 
 ricardite. 
 Herzbeutelwassersucht, hydrops pericar- 
 
 dii, Hydro-Pericarde. 
 Herzbruch, cardiocele, Cardiocele. 
 Herzentziindung, carditis, Cardite. 
 Herzerweiterung, cardieurysma, Cardieu- 
 
 rysme. 
 
 Herzfdrmig, cordiformis, Cordiforme. 
 /Terz0e/ZecA/,n.,cardiac plexus, s. Cardiaque. 
 Herzgeschwiir, cardielcosis, Cardihelcose. 
 
 592 
 
 H1N 
 
 Herzgespann, Leon, cardiaca, Agripaume. 
 Herzgriibchen, n., scrobiculus cordis, s. 
 Herzgrube, auticardium, Anticarde. 
 HerzKammer, ventric. cordis, s. Ventricute. 
 Herzkeim, m., corculum, Corcule. 
 Herzklappe, f., Herzhlappen, pi., valvula , 
 
 valvulse cordis, s. Valvule. 
 Herzklopfen, palpitatio , Cardiopalme. 
 Iferzknolen, m., ganglion cardiacum, s. Car- 
 diaque. 
 
 Herzkrankheit, cardiopathia, Cardiopathie. 
 Herzlosigkeit, acardia, Acardie. 
 Herzmuschel, Cardium, Bucarde. 
 Herzmuschel, essbare, C. edule, 
 Herznerven,pl., nervi c&T&mc\,s.Cardiaque. 
 Herzohr, n., s. Vorkammer. 
 Herzpolyp, m., polypus cordis, s. Polype. 
 Herzrheumatismus, m., rheumatismus cor- 
 dis, s. Rhumatisme. 
 Herzsack, s. Herzheutel. 
 Herzschlachtigkeit, lassitude, Courbature. 
 Herzspitze,f.,apex cordis, Pointe du coeur. 
 Herzstarkend, analeptic, cardiac, cordial, 
 
 Analeptique, Cardiaque, Cordial. 
 Herzstarkende Mittel,remedia cardiaca, 
 Herzwasser, aqua pericardii, s. Eau. 
 Herzweh, n., passio cardiaca, s. Cardiaque. 
 Herzzerreissung, f., rupture of the heart, 
 
 Cardiorhexie. 
 
 Heterogen, heterogeneous, He'terogene. 
 Heterogenitat, heterogeneity, Heteroge- 
 
 neite. 
 
 Heuschreckenbaum, Hymenaea, Courbaril. 
 Heuschreckenessen, acridophagia, Acrido- 
 
 phagie. 
 Heuschreckenesser, m., acridophagus, Ac- 
 
 ridophage. 
 
 Heuschreckenfressend, adj., acridophagus, 
 Hexagynie, Hexagynia, Hexagynie. 
 Hexandrie, Hexandria, Hexandrie. 
 Hieropyr, ignis sacer, Hieropyre. 
 Highmor'sche Hohle,antrum highmorian- 
 
 um, s. Antre. 
 
 Highmor'scher Korper, corpus ,. Corps. 
 Himbeere, Himmelbeere, fructus Kubi i- 
 
 daei, s. Framboisier. 
 
 Himbeere,riechende,T.cla&m3emorus,s.Ronce 
 Himbeerpocke, s. Erdbeerpocke. 
 Himbeerstrauch, R. idaeus, Framboisier. 
 Himmelstrich, climate, Climat. 
 Hinabfliessen, s. Katarrh. 
 Hinauffliesen, anarrhcea, Anarrhee. 
 Hinfallig, deciduous, Caduc. 
 Hinfallige Eyhaut, membrana decidua, 
 
 Caduque. 
 
 Hinfalligkeit, caducitas, Caducite. 
 Hinken, claudicatio, Claudication. 
 Hinken, freiwilliges, luxatio spontanea fe- 
 
 moris, Coxarthrocace. 
 Hinterbacken, chines, nates, s. Fesse. 
 Hintere, anus, podex, Anus. 
 Hintere Gelenkhligelgrube, s. latter. 
 Hinterer grosser gerader Kopfmuskel,Rec- 
 
 tus capitis posticus major, s. Droit. 
 Hinterer ,kleiner .Rectus minor,
 
 HIR 
 
 Hinterer obever Siigemuskel, Serratus su- 
 perior posticus, s- Dentclc. 
 Hinterer unterer , S. inferior post., 
 Hinteres Hirnganglion, posterior cerebral 
 
 ganglion, s. Optique. 
 Hinteres zerrissenes Loch, foramen lacer- 
 
 um posterius, s. Occipito-Petrenx. 
 Hinterfuss, m., s. Mittelfuss. 
 Hinterhand, m.. s. Mittelhand. 
 Hinterhaupt, Hinterkopf,occiput,Occiput. 
 Hinterhauptbein, os occipitis, s. Occipital. 
 Hinterhauptblutleiter, posterior occipital 
 
 sinuses, 
 
 Hinterhauptgegend, regio occipitalis, 
 Hinterhaupt loch, grosses eiformiges, fora- 
 
 men magnum ovale, occipitale , 
 Hinterhauptmuskel, M. occipitalis, 
 Hinterhauptnerv, nervus , 
 Hinterhauptschlagader, arteria , 
 Hinterhauptstirnmuskel, Occipito-fronta- 
 
 lis, Occipito-Frontal. 
 Hinterhaupt vene, v. occipitalis, s. Occipital. 
 Hinterste Backenzahne, posterior grind- 
 ing-teeth, s. Crantere. 
 Hippokratisch.hippocratic, Hippocratique. 
 Hippokratische Miitze, Hippocrates' cap, 
 
 s. Capeline. 
 
 Hippokratische Ziehbank, bench,s.Bnc. 
 Hippokratisches Gesicht, facies hippocra- 
 
 tica, s. Face. 
 
 Hircenfett, hircina, Hircine. 
 Hircinsiiure, hircinic acid, s. Hircate. 
 Hircinsaure Salze, hircinates, 
 Hirn, s. Gehirn. 
 
 Hirnanhang, pituitary gland, s. Piluitaire, 
 Hirnblutadern,Hirnvenen, venae cerebrales, 
 
 s. Cerebral. 
 Hirnblutfluss, cerebral apoplexy, s. Apo- 
 
 ple.vie, et Encephalotomie. 
 Hirnbruch, hernia cerebri, Encephalocele. 
 Hirnentziindung,encephalitis,Kncephalite 
 Hirnerschiitterung, commotio cerebri, s. 
 
 Encephalotomie. 
 
 Hirnerweichung, softening of the brain, 
 Hirnfell, n., Hirnhaut, f., cerebral mem . 
 
 brane, s. Cerebral. 
 
 Hirngeschwullst, cerebral tumour, s. En- 
 cephalotomie. 
 
 Hirngeschwiir, cerebral ulceration, 
 Hirngewblbe, n., s. Schadelgewolbe. 
 Hirnoezelt, Himzelt, n., -zelte, pi., tentori- 
 
 um cerebelli, s. Septum. 
 Hirnhautbeschirmer, Hirnschirmer, me- 
 
 ningophylax, Me'ningo-Phylax. 
 Hirnhautblutleiter, Hirnhautblutbehalt- 
 
 er, sinus durae matris, s. Sinus. 
 Hirnhautchen, diinnes, p. mater, Pie-Mere. 
 Hirnhaute, meninges (cerebri), Meninges. 
 Hirnhautentziiudung, meningitis, Menin- 
 
 gite. 
 Hirnhautschlagader, mittlere, arteria me- 
 
 ningea media, s. Meninge. 
 Hirnhautschlagadern, art. meningeae, 
 Hirnhautschwamm, fungus durae matris,s. 
 
 Fongus. 
 
 593 
 
 HIT 
 
 Hirnhohle, dritte, vierte, fiinfte, ventr. ce- 
 rebri tert., quart., quintus, s. Ventricule- 
 
 Hirnhohlen, ventriculi cerebri, 
 
 Hirnkern, m., s. Hirnschwiele. 
 
 Hirnklappe, valvula cerebri, s. Valvule. 
 
 Hirnlappen, m., pi., lobi, vel lobuli, cere- 
 bri, s. Lobe, et Lobule. 
 
 Hirnlehre, f., s. Phrenologie. 
 
 Hirnleiden, Hirnkrankheit, disease of the 
 brain, s. Encephalotomie. 
 
 Hirnlein, cerebellum, Cervelet. 
 
 Hirnmark, medulla cerebri, s. Medulle. 
 
 Hirnnerven, nervi cerebrales, s. Nerf. 
 
 Hirnnervenpaar, erstes, zweites, drit- 
 tes, par primum, secundum, ter- 
 tium nervorum cerebralium, u.s.w., 
 
 Hirnrinde, substantia corticalis cerebri, s. 
 Cortical. 
 
 Hirn-Rtickenmarksnewen, pi., nervi cere- 
 bro-spinales, s. Cerebro-Rachidien. 
 
 Hirnsand, acervulus cerebri, s. Pineal. 
 
 Hirnschadel, Hirnschale, cranium, Crane. 
 
 Hirnschadelbruch, m., fractura cranii, s. 
 Fracture. 
 
 Hirnschadelbruch mit Eindruck, fractura 
 cranii cum (ossis) depressione, 
 
 Hirnschadelfuge, Hirnschadelfugen, pi., 
 sutura , suturse cranii, s. Crane. 
 
 Hirnschadelknochen, ossa cranii, s. Cranien. 
 
 Hirnschadelschwamm, fungus ,s.Fongus. 
 
 Hirnschalenmuskel, m., musculus epicra- 
 nus, s. Epicranien. 
 
 Hirnschenkel, crus , crura cerebri, s. 
 Pedoncule. 
 
 Hirnschlagader, mittlere, tiefe, arteria 
 cerebralis media, art. cerebralis profun- 
 da, s. Cerebral. 
 
 Hirnschwamm, fungus cerebri, s. Fongus. 
 
 Hirnschwiele, corpus callosum, s. Calleux. 
 
 Hirnsichel, falx cerebri, s. Faux. 
 
 Hirnspalte, f., incisura cerebri, s. Incisure. 
 
 Hirnstein, m., encephalolithus, s, Encepho> 
 lotomie. 
 
 Hirnstiel, s. Hirnschenkel. 
 
 Hirnsubstanz, rindartige, substantia cor- 
 ticalis cerebri, s. Cortical. 
 
 Hirnwuth, f., phrenitis, Phrenesie. 
 
 Hirsch, Cervus, Cerf. 
 
 Hirschhorn, cornu Cervi, s. Corne. 
 
 Hirschtalg, s., sebum cervinum, s. Suif. 
 
 Hirschzunge, Asplenium scolopendrium, 
 s. Scolopendre. 
 
 Hirse, Milium efFusum, s. Millet. 
 
 Hirsedrusen,.,pl.,mi\ia,ry glands,s.Aft//aire 
 
 Hirsefieber, s. Frieselfieber. 
 
 Hirsegras, s. Panikgras. 
 
 Hirsen, Panicum miliaceum, s. Panic. 
 
 Hirsenartig, adj., miliaris. Miliaire. 
 
 Hirsengras, Milium, Millet. 
 
 Hirsenkorn, semen M. eftusi, s. Millet. 
 
 Hitzbt'dschen, n., Phlyctaena, Phlyctene. 
 
 Hitzblatterchen, Eczema, Eczeme. 
 
 Hitzblattern, sudamina, Echauboulures, 
 Hydroa. 
 
 Hitze, heat, Ardeur. 
 
 28
 
 HOF 
 
 Hitzig, acute, ardent, Aigu, Ardent. 
 Hitzige Entziindung, active inflammation, 
 
 s. Actif. 
 
 Hitzige Krankheiten,acutediseases,s.^/^M. 
 Hobelbinde, fascia spiralis, Doloire. 
 Hobelf6rmig,dolabriformis,Dolabriforme. 
 Hoch, high, Eleve'. 
 
 Hochere Kochkunst, gastronomy, Gastro- 
 nomic. 
 
 Hocker, tuberosity, Bosse, Tuberosite. 
 Hocker, grauer, tuber cinereum, 
 Hocker der Rippe, tuberculum costee, s. 
 
 Tubercule. 
 Hocker auf dem Riicken, cyphoma, Cy- 
 
 phome. 
 Hode, Hoden, pi., Hodlein, testis, testi- 
 
 culus, Testicule. 
 
 Hodenausschneidung,castratio,Castration. 
 Hodenentziindung, orchitis, Orchite. 
 Hodengeschwullst, tumefactio testis, Or- 
 
 chiocele. 
 Hodengeschwullst,entziindungsartige,her- 
 
 nia humoralis, s. Hernie. 
 Hodenhaut, eigene, tunica propria albu- 
 
 ginea testis, s. Albugine'. 
 Hodenhautchen, rothes, tunica erythroid- 
 
 es, s. Erythrdide. 
 
 Hodenkern, s. Highmor'scher Korper. 
 Hodenkraut, s. Knabenkraut. 
 Hodenkrebs ) m.,carcinoma.tes\.is ) s.Carcin6me 
 Hodenmarkschwamm, fungus medullaris 
 
 testis, s. Mcdullaire. 
 Hodenmuskel, Cremaster, Cremaster. 
 Hodensack, Hodenbalz, scrotum, Scrotum. 
 Hodensackblutbruch, hsematocele scroti, 
 
 s. Hematocele. 
 
 Hodensackbruch, hernia scrotalis, Osche- 
 ocele, s., also, Hernie. 
 Hodensackeiterbruch, collectio puris in 
 
 scroto, Empyocele. 
 
 Hodensackentziindung, oschitis, Oscheite. 
 Hodensackfettbruch,liparocele,Liparocele 
 Hodensackfleischbruch, m., hernia carnosa 
 
 sarcocele ? scroti, s. Sarcocele. 
 Hodensackgeschwullst, oscheoncus, Osche'- 
 
 oncie. 
 Hodensackkrebs, oscheocarcinoma, Osche- 
 
 ocarcinomc. 
 Hodensacknerven, m^ pi., nervi scrotales, s. 
 
 Scrotum. 
 Hodensacksamenbruch, m., oscheocele se- 
 
 minalis, s. Oscheocele. 
 Hodensackschlagadern,f.,pl., arteriae scro- 
 tales, s. Scrotum. 
 Hodensacksstich, m., paracentesis scroti, s. 
 
 Paracentese. 
 Hodenscheidehaut, tunica vaginalis testis, 
 
 s. Vaginal. 
 
 Hodenschmerz, didj'malgia, Didymalgie. 
 Hodenxchwamm, m., fungus testis^.Fon^ws. 
 Hodenwasserbruchy m,, hernia humoralis, s. 
 
 Hernie. 
 Hodenzuriickhaltung, f., parorchidium, Pa- 
 
 rorchide. 
 Hof, halo, Halo. 
 
 594 
 
 HON 
 
 Hoffartiger Muskel, musculus superbus, 
 
 s. Supcrbc. 
 Hoffmannischerschmerzstillender Liquor, 
 
 L. anodynus Hoffmann!, s. Liqueur. 
 Hohl, hollow, Cave, Creux. 
 Hohlader, s. Hohlvene. 
 Hohle, antre, cavern, hollow, excavation, 
 
 Antre, Caverne, Creux, Excavation. 
 Hohle Muskeln, hollow muscles, s. Creux. 
 Hohlen in der harten Hirnhaut, s. Blut- 
 
 behalter. 
 
 Hohlgeschwiir, fistulous sore, s. Sinus. 
 Hohlhand, palma manus, s. Palmaire. 
 Hohlhandband, anterior annular ligament 
 
 of carpus, 
 
 Hohlhandbogen, arcus palmares, 
 Hohlhand-Ellenbogennerv, ramus palma- 
 
 ris nervi uhiaris, 
 Hohlhand-Fingernerven, pL, nervi digitales 
 
 palmares, 
 Hohlhandmuskel, kurzer, langer, Pal- 
 
 maris brevis, Palmaris longus, 
 Hohlhandnerv, tiefer, nervus ulnaris pal- 
 
 maris profundus, 
 Hohlhandschlagader, oberflachliche, arte- 
 
 ria superficialis palmae, 
 Hohlig, cavernous, Caverneux. 
 Hohispiegel, concave mirror, s. Concave. 
 Hohlunder, gemeine, s. Schwarze H. 
 Hohlung, cavity, Cavite. 
 Hohlvene, absteigende oder obere, vena 
 
 cava descendens vel superior, s. Cave. 
 Hohlvene, aufsteigende oder untere, 
 
 adscendens vel inferior, 
 Hohlvenensack, sinus venarum cavarum, 
 
 s. Sinus. 
 
 Hohlvenensystem,n.,systema ,s.Systeme 
 
 Hollenstein, lapis infernalis, *. Pierre. 
 
 Holz, wood, Bois. 
 
 Holzartig, Holzig, wood-like, woody, Lig- 
 
 neux. 
 
 Holzast, m., woody branch, s. Branche. 
 Holzbock, m., Cerambyx, Capricorne. 
 Holzbohrer, m., C. ligniperda, s. Cossus. 
 Holzessig, Holzsaure, pyroligneous acid, 
 
 s. Pyroliffneux. 
 
 Holzfressend, xylophagous, Xylophage. 
 Holzkohle, charcoal, Cnarbon. 
 Holzraupe, f., larva C. ligniperdi, s.Cossus. 
 Holzthee, f., Holztrank, m., Decoctum lig- 
 
 norum, s. Decoctum. 
 
 Holzversteinerung, f, fossil wood, s. Fossil. 
 Homogen, homogeneous, Homogene. 
 Homogenitat,homogeneity,Homogene'it^. 
 Homoopathie,homo30pathiaHomo3opathie 
 Honig, honey, MieL 
 Honigartig, Honigsuss,honey-like, honied, 
 
 Mielleux. 
 
 Honigbiene, Apis mellifica, s. Abeille. 
 Honiffblase, f., honey-bag of bee, s. Estomac. 
 Honigdriise.nectariferousgland.s.JVec/aire 
 HoniffJ'ressend,adj., mellivorous, Mellivore. 
 Honiggef ass, -behalter, nectary, Nectaire. 
 Honiggeschwullst, Honiggeschwiir, meli- 
 
 ceris, Meliceris,
 
 HUF 
 
 Honiggrtibchen, nectariferous pore, s.Nec- 
 taire. 
 
 Honigklee, Melilotus, Me'lilot. 
 
 Honigklee, gemeine, M. officinalis, 
 
 Honiffkuckuk, m., Cuculus indicatorius, s. 
 Indicateur. 
 
 Honigsaft, nectar of plants, s. Nectar. 
 
 Honigstein, honey-stone, Mellite. 
 
 Honigsteinsaure, mellitic acid, s. Mellitate. 
 
 Honigsteinsaure Salze, mellitates, 
 
 Honigtragend, nectariferous, Nectarifere. 
 
 Honigwasser, hydromel, Hydromel. 
 
 Honigwein, m., vinous , mead, 
 
 Honiffzellen,f.,p\.,honeycombcel].s } s.Cellule. 
 
 Hopfen, Humulus, Houblon. 
 
 Hopfenextract, Extr. humuli, s. Houblon. 
 
 Hopfenkegel,-zapfen,strobilusH.lupuli, 
 
 Hopfenklette, f., Arctium lappa, Bardane. 
 
 Hopfensprossen,f.,pl.,youngshootsof Hu- 
 mulus lupulus, 
 
 Hopfentinktur, Tinctura humuli, 
 
 Hordein, hordeina, Hordeine. 
 
 Horn, horn, Corne. 
 
 Horn der Seitenventrikel des Gehirns, ab- 
 wartssteigendes, hinteres, vorderes, 
 descending ,posterior , anterior horn 
 of lateral ventricle of the brain, 
 
 Hornartig, corneous, horn-like, Ce'ratoide, 
 Corne. 
 
 Hornartiges Auswuchs, horn-like excres- 
 cence, Keratiase. 
 
 Hornchen, cucullus, Cornet. 
 
 Hornecht, m., Esox belone, s. Brocket. 
 
 Horner der Gebarmutter, cornua uteri, s. 
 
 Horner des Schildknorpels, horns of thy- 
 roid cartilage, s. Corne. 
 
 Horner des Zungenbeins, horns of the hy- 
 oid bone, 
 
 Hornerv, s. Gehornerv. 
 
 Hornfarmig, adj., horn-shaped,Corniforme. 
 
 Hornhaut des Auges, tunica cornea oculi, 
 Corne'e. 
 
 Hornhaut, kegelf ormige, conical cornea, 
 
 Hornhautblatter,vesiculacornese,s.^cA4/s. 
 
 Hornhautbruch, ceratocele, Ce'ratocele. 
 
 Hornhautfistcl, f., fistula cornese, s. Fistule. 
 
 Hornhautfleck, nubecula , Nubdcule. 
 
 Hornhautgeschwiir, ulcus , Encaume. 
 
 Hornhautstaphylom, n., staphyloma corneae, 
 s. Staphylome. 
 
 Hornisse, Vespa crabro, s. Guepe. 
 
 J/0ramoftw,m.,Glaucium,olimChelidonium. 
 
 Hornsubstanz, Horngewebe, f, corneous tis- 
 sue, s. Tissu. 
 
 Hornvieh, n., horned cattle, s. Cornu. 
 
 Hornviehbremse, f., CEstrus bovis, s. CEstre. 
 
 Hospital, hospital, Hopital. 
 
 Hospitalbrand, hospital-gangrene, s. Pour- 
 riture. 
 
 Hospitalfieber, fever, s. Hopital. 
 
 Huf, hoof, Sabot. 
 
 Huflattich, T. farfara, s. Tussilage. 
 
 Huflattich, grosser, T. petasites, 
 
 Hiiftbeckennerv, m., nervus ilio-hypogastri- 
 cus, s. Ilio-Hypogastrique, 
 
 595 
 
 HUP 
 
 Hiiftbein,s. Darmbein. 
 
 Huftbeinbmch, m., hernia ischiatica, Ischi- 
 
 ocele, s., also, Hernle. 
 Hiiftbeinkamm, s. Darmbeinkamni. 
 Huftbeinloch, foramen obturatorium, s. 
 
 Obturateur. 
 
 Hiiftbeinlochblutader, vena obturatoria, 
 Hiiftbeinlochmuskel, ausserer, innerer, 
 
 Obturator externus, internus, 
 Hiiftbeinlochnerv, nervus obturatorius, 
 H iiftbeinlochschlagader, art.obturatoria, 
 Huftblutadern, f., pi., venae i\\acse,s.Iliaque. 
 Huftdrusen, f., pi., glanduloa iliacae, 
 Hiifte, haunch, Hanche. 
 Huftgeflecht) n., plexus iliacus, s. Illaque. 
 Hiiftgelenk, hip-joint, s. Coxo-Femoral. 
 Hiiftgicht, ischiagra, Ischiagre. 
 Hiift-Grimmdarmschlagader, arteria ilio- 
 
 colica, s. Ilio-Colique. 
 
 Hiiftkranz-, s. Kranzdarmbeinschlagader. 
 Huflleistennerv, m., nervus ilio-inguinah's, 
 
 s. Ilio-Ingulnal. 
 
 Huftlenden-s.Lendendarmbeinschlagader. 
 Hiiftmuskeln, Hiiftbeinmuskeln, pi., mus- 
 
 culi iliaci, s. Iliaqiie. 
 Hiiftnerv, grosser, kleiner, nervus scia- 
 
 ticus major, minor, s. Sciatique. 
 Hiiftschlagader, aussere, gemeinschaft- 
 
 liche, innere, arteria iliaca externa, 
 
 communis, interna, s. Iliaque. 
 
 Hiiftschwindsucht, phthisis ischiadica, s. 
 
 Ischiatique. 
 
 Hiiftweh, ischialgia, Ischialgie. 
 Hiigel des Sehnervens, s. Sehhiigel. 
 Huhn, n., Hiihner, pi., P. gallus, s. Faisan. 
 Hiihnerarten, Gallinacese, Gallinacees. 
 Hiihnerauge, clavus pedis, Cor. 
 Hiihnerpocken, s. Hundspocken. 
 Hiilfsband, n., Hulfsbiinder, pi., ligament- 
 urn accessorium, s. Accessolre. 
 Hiilfsmittel, s. Heilmittel. 
 Hullchen, involucellum, Involucelle. 
 Hiille, involucrum, Envelope, Involucre. 
 Hiillkatzchen, cupula, Cupule. 
 Hiilse, husk, pod, Gousse. 
 Hulsen-Familie,Hulsenpflanzen,Legumi- 
 
 nosa?, Ije'gumineuses. 
 Hiilsenfrucht, legumen, Legume. 
 Hulsenwurm, Echinococcus, Echinocoque. 
 Hummel, Bombus, Bourdon. 
 Hummer, Astacus gammarus, Homard. 
 Hunderblattrige, , s. Centifolien-Rose. 
 Hundisch, canine, cynic, Canin, Cynique. 
 Hundshunger, fames canina, s. Canin. 
 Hundskrampf, spasmus cynicus,sr. Cynique. 
 Hundstag, -ta'ge, pi., dog-day, s. Canicule. 
 Hundstern, dog-star, Canicule. 
 Hundswiirger, Cynanchium, Cynanqtie. 
 Hundswutn, rabies canina, s. Rage. 
 Hundszahn, dens caninus, s. Canin. 
 Hundszunge, Cynoglossum, Cynoglosse. 
 Hunger, hunger, Faim. 
 Hungercur, f., cure by abstinence, 
 Hupfen, subsultus, Soubresaut. 
 Hupfen der Flechsen, s. Sehnenhupfcn.
 
 HYD 
 
 Husten, cough, Toux. 
 
 Hut, hat, Chapeau. 
 
 Hut eines Brennkolbens, head of a still, 
 
 Chapiteau. 
 
 Hut eines Pilzes, pileus fungi, s. Chapeau. 
 Hydatide, -en, pi., hydatid, Hydatide. 
 Hydatidose Geschwulst, hydatid. tumour, 
 Hydatismus, hydatismus, Hydatisme. 
 Hydrat, hydras, Hydrate. 
 Hydraulik, hydraulics, Hydraulique. 
 Hydraulisch, hydraulic, 
 Hydriodat, hydriodas, Hydriodate. 
 Hydriodsaure,hydriodic aci&,s.Hydriodate. 
 Hydriodsaure Salze, hydriodates, 
 Hydriodsaures , Hydriodinsaures Kali, 
 
 hydriodate of potass, s. lode. 
 Hydrochlorinsaure, hydrochloric acid, s. 
 
 'Hydrochlorate. 
 
 HydrochlorinsaureSalze,hydrochlorates 
 Hydrochlorinsaurer Baryt, hydrochlorate 
 
 of bary tes, s. Barite. 
 Hydrochlorinsaurer Kalk, hydrochlorate 
 
 of lime, s. Hydrochlorate. 
 Hydrochlorinsaures Ammonium, hydro- 
 chlorate of ammonia, 
 Hydrocyansaure, hydrocyanic acid, s. Hy- 
 
 drocyanate. 
 
 Hydrocyansaures Salz, hydrocyanate, 
 Hydrogenschwefelantimonoxyd, Hydro- 
 
 sulfuretum luteum oxidi Stibii sulfura- 
 
 ti, s. Antimoine. 
 
 Hydrometer, hydrometer, Hydrometre. 
 Hydrometrie, hydrometry, Hydrome'trie. 
 Hydrometrisch, hy drometrical, Hydrome- 
 
 trique. 
 
 Hydrophobie, f. ,hy drophobia, Hydrophobie. 
 Hydrophobisch, hydrophobic, Hyuropho- 
 
 bique. 
 
 Hydropsie, hydrops, Hydropisie. 
 Hydroselensaure, hydro-selenic acid,s./fy- 
 
 dro-Seleniate, 
 
 HydroselensaureSalze,hydro-seleniates, 
 Hydrostatik, hydrostatics, Hydrostatique. 
 Hydrotellursaure, hydrotelluric acid, s. 
 
 Hydrotellurate. 
 
 HYS 
 
 Hydrothionsaure, hydrosulphuric acid, s. 
 
 Hydrosulfate. 
 
 Hydrothionsaure Salze, hydrosulphates, 
 Hydroxanthsaure, xanthic acid, s. Hydro- 
 
 xanthique. 
 
 Hygrometer, hygrometer, Hygrometre. 
 Hygrometrie, hygrometry, Hygrome'trie. 
 Hygrometrisch, hygrometrical, Hygrome- 
 
 trique. 
 
 Hymen, hymen, Hymen. 
 Hymenopteren, Hymenoptera, Hymenop- 
 
 teres. 
 Hymenopterolb'g, hymenopterologist, Hy- 
 
 menopte'rologue. 
 Hymenopterologie, hymenopterology,Hy- 
 
 menopterologie. 
 
 Hyoscyamin, hyoscyamine, s. Jusquiame. 
 Hyperasthesien, Hyj)eraestheses, *. Hyper- 
 
 esthcsie. 
 
 Hyperboreisch, hyperboreal, Hyperbore. 
 Hypersthenie,hypersthenia,Hypersthe'nie. 
 Hypersthenisch,hypersthenic,Hypersthe- 
 
 nique. 
 
 Hypertonie, hypertonia, Hypertonie. 
 Hypertrophie des Herzens, hypertrophy 
 
 of the heart, s. Hypertrophie. 
 Hyperzoodynamie, hyperzoodynamia, Hy- 
 
 perzoodynamie. 
 
 Hypnologie, hypnology, Hypnologie. 
 Hypnologisch,hypnological,Hypnologique. 
 Hypochondre, hypochondrium, Hy pochon- 
 
 dre. 
 Hypochondrisch, hypochondriac, Hypo- 
 
 chondriaque. 
 
 Hypochondrischer Schmerz, pain, 
 Hypogastrisch,hypogastricHypogastrique 
 Hyposthenie, hyposthenia, Hyposthenie. 
 Hyposthenisch, hyposthenic, Hyposthe'- 
 
 nique. 
 
 Hysterie, hysteria, Hyste'rie. 
 Hysterisch, hysterical, Hysterique. 
 Hysterisches Uebel, passio hysterica, 
 Hysterorrhoe,hysterorrho3a,Hysterorrhe'e 
 Hysterotom, hysterotomus, Hysterotouie. 
 Hysterotomie,hysterotomy,Hyst^rotomie 
 
 I. 
 
 IDE 
 
 latralept, iatralipta, latralepte. 
 latraleptik, iatraliptice, latraleptique. 
 latrochemie, f^ iatrochymia, latrochimie. 
 lutromalhcmatik, f., iatromathematics, s. I- 
 
 atromathematicien. 
 
 Ichthyolith, ichthyolite, Ichthyolithe. 
 Ichthyolithologie, ichthyolithology, Ich- 
 
 thyolithologie. 
 Ichthyolithologisch, ichthyolithological, 
 
 Ichthyolithologique. 
 Ichthyologie, ichthyology, Ichthyologie. 
 Ichthyologisch, ichthyological, Ichthyolo- 
 
 S'que. 
 hyophag, s. Fischesser. 
 Idealisch, ideal, Ideal. 
 
 596 
 
 IKT 
 
 Idealogisch, idealogical, s. Ideologic. 
 Idee, idea, Ide'e. 
 
 Ideen, angeborne, innate ideas, s. Inne. 
 Identisch, identical, Identique. 
 Identitat, identity, Identite. 
 Identitatsystem, identity-system, 
 Idiopathie, f., idiopathia, Idiopathie. 
 Idiopathisch, idiopathic, Idiopathique. 
 Idiosynkrasie, idiosyncrasy, Idiosyncrasie. 
 Idiot, idiota, Idiot. 
 Idiotismus, idiotism, Idiotisme. 
 Igel, Erinaceus, Herisson. 
 Ignatiusbohne, faba St. Ignatii, s. Feve. 
 Ikosandrie, Icosandria, Icosandrie. 
 Iktehsch, icteric, Icterique.
 
 INN 
 
 Ikonographie, iconography, Iconographie. 
 Ikonographisch, iconographic, Iconogra- 
 
 phique. 
 
 Imme, *. Biene. 
 Immerwahrendes Blasenpflaster, perpetual 
 
 blister, s. Vesicatoire. 
 Impetiginoses Geschwiir, impetiginous 
 
 sore, s. Impetigo. 
 Impfung, s. Einimpfung. 
 fmpotenz, f., impotentia, Impotence. 
 Impotenz.ma'nnliche, virilisjmpuissance 
 Indianische rothe Erbsen, semina Abri 
 
 precatorii, s. Abrus. 
 Indianische Kokkelbeere, bacca Cocculi in- 
 
 dici, s. Coquecule. 
 
 Indianischer Brodbaum, s. Sagubaum. 
 Indianischer Pfefter,s. Jahrige Beissbeere. 
 Indianischer Safran, s. Gelbwurz. 
 Indig, indigo, Indigo. 
 Indigo-blau, indigo-blue, 
 Indigopflanze, Indigofera, Indigotier. 
 Ineinanderfliessend, confluent, Confluent. 
 Influenza, f., influenza, Influence. 
 Infusion, f., infusio, Infusion. 
 Infusionthierchen, Infusoria, Infusoires. 
 Ingredienz, ingredient, Ingredient. 
 Ingwer, Ingber, ginger, Gingembre. 
 Ingwers'dure, f., acidum zingibericum, 
 Ingwersyrup, Syrupus Zingiberis, 
 Inkrustirt, adj., incrusted, Incruste'. 
 Inkrustirung, incrustatio, Incrustation. 
 Innere, internal, Interne. 
 Innere Zwischenknochenmuskeln, muscu- 
 
 li interossei interni, s. Interosseux. 
 Innere Zwischenrippenschlagader, arteria 
 
 intercostalis interna, s. Intercostal. 
 Innerer Augenwinkel, internal angle of 
 
 the eye, s. Interne. 
 Innerer Hammermuskel, Internus mallei 
 
 s. Tensor tympani, Salpingo-Malle'en. 
 Innerer dicker Schenkelmuskel,Vastus in- 
 
 ternus femoris, s. Vaste. 
 
 ITA 
 
 Inneres Ohr, internal ear, s. Oreille. 
 Innerlich, Inwendig, internal,Intrinseque. 
 Insect, Insekt, insect, Insecte. 
 Insektdieb, m., Ptinus fur, s. Ptin. 
 Tnsekten mit halben Fliigeldecken, hemip- 
 
 terous insects, Hemipteres. 
 Insektlehre, Insektkunde, s. Entomologie. 
 Intermaxillarknochen,intermaxillarybone 
 
 s. Intermaxillaire. 
 Intermittirender Puls, intermittent pulse, 
 
 s. Intermittent. 
 Inulin, n., inulina, Inuline. 
 Inunctionscur, f., s. latraliptik. 
 lod, lode, lodin, Iodine, iodine, lode, 
 lodigsaure, iodous acid, s. lodeux. l 
 Iodine-, lodsaure, iodic acid, s. lodale. 
 lodinetinktur, f., tincture of iodine, s. lode. 
 lodsaure Salpetersaure, Phosphorsaure, 
 
 Schwefelsaure, acidum iodo-nitricum, 
 
 iodo-phosphoricum, iodo-sulphuri- 
 cum, s. lodo-Nitrique. 
 
 lodsaures Salz, iodate, lodate. 
 lodwasserstoffsaure, s. Hydriodsaure. 
 Ipekakuanha, Ipecacuanha, Ipecacuanha. 
 Irdisch, terrestrial, Terrestre. 
 Iris, f., s. Schwertlilie, 
 Iris-Familie, f., Iridese, Iridees. 
 Irismanyel, m., irideremia, Irideremie ? 
 Irisschnitt, iridectomia, Iridectomie. 
 Irisvorfall, iridoptosis, Iridoptose. 
 Irrereden, madness, Aphrosyne. 
 Irrgang, m., s. Labyrinth. 
 In-itibilit'dt, f., irritability, Irritabilite. 
 Irrlicht, f., ignis fatuus, s. Feu. 
 Ischurie, ischuria, Ischurie. 
 IslandischeFlechtengallerte,Iceland-moss- 
 
 Physcia 
 
 jelly, s. Lichen. 
 Islandisches Moos, Cetraria 
 
 islandica, 
 Isop, Hyssopus, Hyssope. 
 Italianischer Kellerhals, Daphne gnidium, 
 
 & Garou. 
 
 J. 
 
 JOG 
 
 Jahresfieber, n., febris annua, s. Annuel. 
 Jahrige Beisbeere, Capsicum annuum, s- 
 
 Piment. 
 Jakobsfiebertriebendes pulver, Jamespul- 
 
 ver, James' fever-powder, s. Antimoine. 
 Jalappenextract, Extr. Jalappae, s. Jalap. 
 Jalappenharz,resinaJalappae,s.Jalappii, 
 Jalappenseife, sapo Jalappa?, 
 Jalappenseifentinktur, Tinct. saponis , 
 Jalappentinktur, Tinctura Jalappae, 
 Jalappenwinde, f, Convolvulus jalappa, 
 Jalappenwurzel, radix Jalappse, 
 Jamaicanischer Pfeffer, JamaikapfefFer, 
 
 All-spice, s. Piment. 
 
 Jatrophasaure, jatrophic acid,s. Jatrophate. 
 Jatrophasaure Salze, jatrophates, 
 Jauche, f., ichor, Ichor. 
 Jochbein, os zygomaticum, Zygome. 
 
 507 
 
 JUC 
 
 Jochbeinmuskel, grbsserer, Zygomaticus 
 major, s. Zygomatique. 
 
 Jochbeinmuskel, kleinerer, minor, 
 
 Jochbeinmuskeln, musculi zygomatici, s. 
 Zygomata-Labial. 
 
 Jochbinde, , s. Schulterbinde. 
 
 Jochbogen, zygomatic arch,s.Zygomatique. 
 
 Jochformig, s. Zygomatisch. 
 
 JochformigerFortsatz Jochfortsatz des 
 Schlafenoeins, s. Wangenfortsatz. 
 
 Johannisbeere, currant, s. Groseiilier. 
 
 Johannisbeerstrauch, Bibes, Groseiilier. 
 
 Johanniskraut, Hypericum, Millepertuis. 
 
 Jucken, prurigo, Prurigo. 
 
 Jucken, krankhaftes der Genitalien, pru- 
 ritus morbidus partium genitalium, 
 
 Juckende Kratze der Augenlieder, psor- 
 ophthalmy, Psorophthalmie.
 
 JUN 
 
 Judenharz, -pcch, asphaltutn, Asphalte. 
 
 Judenkirsche, Physalis, Coqueret. 
 
 Judenpechol, oleum asphalti, s. Asphalte. 
 
 Judenzopf, plica, Plique. 
 
 Julep, m., julapium, Julep. 
 
 Jung, Jungling, adolescent, Adolescent. 
 
 JUR 
 
 Jungfernhautchen, -zeichen, s. Hymen, 
 Jungfernhonig, virgin-honey, s. Mid. 
 Jungfernwachs, wax, s. Cire. 
 Junglingsalter, adolescence, Adolescence. 
 Jurisprudenz, medicinische, medical jurjs- 
 prudence, Jurisprudence Medicale. 
 
 K. 
 
 KAL 
 
 Kabelgau, Morrhua vulgaris, Morue. 
 Kabinetskafer,m.,A..mus3eorum,s.Anthrene. 
 Kachektiscb, cachecticus, Cachectique. 
 Kachexie, cachexia, Cachoxie. 
 Kadmium, n., cadmium, Cadmium. 
 Kafe, Kaffee, coffee, Cafe. 
 Kaffebaiim, Coffea, Cafier. 
 Kaffebitter, Kaffestoff, cafeina, Cafiene. 
 Kaffebohne, , coffee-berry, s. Cafier. 
 Kanl, bald, smooth, Chauve, Glabre. 
 Kahlheit, Kahlkopf, baldness, Calvitic. 
 Kahlrucken, m., Gymnotus, Gymnote. 
 Kahnbein, os naviculare vel scaphoides, s. 
 
 Carpe, Naviculaire, et Scaphdide. 
 Kahnformig, scaphoides, Scaphoide. 
 Kahnf ormige Grube, fossa navicularis, 
 Kalmf cirmiges Bein, s. Kahnbein. 
 Kaiman, m., L. alligator, s. Crocodile. 
 Kaiserschnitt, csesar. operation, *. Cesarien- 
 Kajunuss, cashew-nut, s. Acajou. 
 Kajuputbaum, s. Cajaputbaum. 
 Kafcao, cacao, chocolate, s. Cacaotier. 
 Kakaobaum, Theobroma, Cacaotier. 
 Kakaobohne, fructus T. cacao, 
 Kakaobutter, oleum concretum , 
 Kakochymie, cacochymia, Cacochymie. 
 Kakochymisch, cacochymus, Cacochyme. 
 Kakomorphie, cacomorphia, Cacomorphie. 
 Kakonycnie, caconychia, Caconychie. 
 Kakopnonie, cacophonia, Cacopnonie. 
 Kakophonisch,cacophonicus,Cacophonique 
 Kakopragie, cacopragia, Cacopragie. 
 Kakorachitis, cacorachitis, Cacorachite. 
 Kakospermie, cacospermia, Cacospermie. 
 Kakosphyxie, cacosphyxia, Cacosphyxie. 
 Kakosplanchnie, cacosplanchnia, Caco- 
 
 splanchnie. 
 
 Kakothymie, cacothymia, Cacothymie. 
 Kakotrichie, cacotrichia, Cacotrichie. 
 Kakotrophie, cacotrophia, Cacotrophie. 
 Kalb, vitulus, s. Bceuf. 
 Kalberfussgallerte, calve's-foot jelly, 
 Kalbfleisch, caro vitulina, veal, 
 Kalihydrat, Kaliumoxydliydrat, in.,.s.Aet- 
 
 zendes Kali. 
 
 Kalisch, alkaline, Alcalin. 
 Kalk, lime, Chaux. 
 Kalk, geloschter, slaked lime, 
 Kalkartig, calcareous, Calcaire. 
 Kalkerde, reine, pure lime, s. Chaux. 
 Kalkgas, Kalkspathsaure, carbonic acid, s. 
 
 Carbonique. 
 Kalkoxyd, Kalciuin oxy d, oxide of calcium, 
 
 s. Chaux. 
 
 598 
 
 KAM 
 
 Kalkstein, m., limestone, s. Calcaire. 
 Kalkwasser, Liquor calcis, s. Chaux. 
 Kalmus, Acorus calamus, Acore vrai. 
 Kalmusschwertel, s. Wasserschwertlilie. 
 Kahnuswurzel, radix A. calami, s. Acorc. 
 Kalomel, calomelas, Calomel. 
 Kalt, cold, Froid. 
 Kaltbereitetes, s. Baldrianextract. 
 Kalte, cold, Froid. 
 
 Kalte, heftige, intense cold, s. Intense. 
 Kalte Umschlage, cold poultices, s. Froid. 
 Kaltend, frigonfic, Frigorifique. 
 Kalter wasseriger Aufguss der Chinarinde, 
 
 cold infusion of Cincnona-bark,s./n/Msi<j. 
 Kalter Brand, mortificatio, Mortification. 
 Kaltes Bad, Kalte Bader, cold bath, _ 
 
 baths, s. Froid. 
 
 Kameelpardel, Camelopardalis, Girafe. 
 Kamelstraus, S. camelus, s. Autruche. 
 Kamille, gemeine, Matricaria chamomilla, 
 
 s. Camomille. 
 
 Kamille, romische, Anthemis nobilis, 
 Kamillenblumen, flores Chamomillae, 
 Kamillenextract, Extractum , 
 Kamillenol, aufgegossenes, Oleum , 
 
 Oleum infusum Chamomillae, 
 Kamillenwasser, Aqua Chamomillse, 
 Kamisol, strait-waistcoat, Camisole. 
 Kamm, crest, Crete. 
 Kamm, comb, s. Pectint. 
 Kamm der Vo'gel, crista avium, s- Crete. 
 Kammblattrig, pectinifolius, Pectinifolie. 
 Kammer, chamber, Chambre. 
 Kammformig, pectinatus, Pectine. 
 Kammformige Fleischgewachse, cristae, 
 
 Cretes. 
 
 Kammmuschel, Pecten, Peigne. 
 Kammmuscheln, versteinerte, pectinites, 
 
 Pectinites. 
 
 Kammmuskel, Pectineus, s. Pectine. 
 Kammmuskeln, pi., musculi pectinati (cor- 
 
 dis), _ 
 
 Kampfer, Kampher, camphor, Camphre. 
 Kampherbaum, Kampherlorbeerbaum, m. , 
 
 Laurus camphora, 
 Kampheressig, Acetum camphoratum, 
 Kampheressigjulep, Julapium camphorse 
 
 acetosum, 
 
 Kampherhaltig, adj., s. Gekamphert. 
 Kampherhaltige Arzneimittel, camphorat- 
 ed remedies, 
 Kampherhaltiger zusammeng. Angelik- 
 
 wurzelgeist, Spiritus Angelicas campho- 
 
 ratus compositus, s. Angilique.
 
 KAT 
 
 Kampherliniment, Kamphersalbe, Lini- 
 mentum camphoratum, s. Camphre. 
 
 Kampherol, oleum camphoratum, 
 
 Kampherpflanze.Camphorosma.Camphre'e 
 
 Kamphersaure, camph. acid, s. Camphorate. 
 
 Kampherseifenpflaster, camphorated soap- 
 plaster, s. Camphre. 
 
 Kampherspiritus, camphorated spirit, 
 
 Kanal, canal, duct, Canal, Conduit. 
 
 Kaneel, weisse, Canella alba, s. Cannellc. 
 
 Kanguruh, Halmaturus, Kanguroo. 
 
 Kaninchen, Lepus cuniculus, Lapin. 
 
 Kantharide, Cantharis, Cantharide. 
 
 Kantharidenpflaster, Empl. cantharidis, . 
 
 Kantharidensalbe, Unguentum , 
 
 Kantharidentinctur, Tinctura , 
 
 Kantharidin, cantharidina, Cantharidine. 
 
 Kapelle, cupella, Coupelle. 
 
 Kaperbaum, -staude, Capparis, Caprier. 
 
 Kappchen, Kappe, hood, Capuchon. 
 
 Kappenf ormig, hood-like, Capuchonne. 
 
 Kappenmuskel, Trapezius, Trapeze. 
 
 Kapsel, capsule, Capsule. 
 
 Kapselartig, -formig, capsular, Capsulaire. 
 
 Kapselband, -bander, pi., ligament, 
 
 Kapselstaar, m., capsular or membranous 
 cataract, Cataracte membraneuse. 
 
 Kapybara, f., Hydr. capybara, s. Cabiai. 
 
 Karbunkel, carbuncle, Charbon. 
 
 Kardamdm, Kardamomen, pi., semen A- 
 momi cardamomi, Cardamome. 
 
 Kardamomentinctur,Tinct.Cardamomi, 
 
 Kardialgie, cardialgia, Cardialgie. 
 
 Kardialogie, cardialogia, Cardialogie. 
 
 Karette, Carette, C. imbricata, s. Chehmee. 
 
 Karotiden, carotid arteries, s. Carotide. 
 
 Karpfe, Cyprinus carpio, s. Carpe. 
 
 Karpfenstein, lapillus carpionis, 
 
 Karphologle, s. Flockenlesen. 
 
 Karpologie, carpologia, Carpologie. 
 
 Kaschukiigelchen, Catechu-troches, s. Co- 
 chou. 
 
 Kase, cheese, Fromage. 
 
 Kaseformig, caseiform, Caseiforme. 
 
 Kasemilbe,i., Acarus siro, s. Acare. 
 
 K'dsetoasser, n., serum lactis, Petit-Lait. 
 
 Kasig, caseous, Casdeux. 
 
 Kasige Theile der Milch, parts of milk, 
 
 Kaskarilla, *. Cascarille. 
 
 Kasoxyd, caseous oxyde, s. Caseiqtte. 
 
 Kassaure, caseic acid, s- Caseate. 
 
 Kassaures Ammonium, caseas ammonia-, 
 
 Kassaures Salz, caseate, 
 
 Kassave, f., cassava, Cassave. 
 
 Kasstoff, caseum, Case'um. 
 
 Kastanie, chestnut, Chataigne. 
 
 Kastanienbaum, Castanea, Chataignier. 
 
 Kastanienbaum, wilder, s. Rosskastanie. 
 
 Kasuar, Casuarius, s. Casque. 
 Katalepsie, catalepsia, Catalepsie. 
 
 Kataleptisch, cataleptic, Cataleptique. 
 
 Kataplasme, cataplasma, Catapmsme. 
 Katarakta, cataract, Cataracte. 
 Ratarrh, catarrh, Catarrhe. 
 Katarrhalisch, catarrhal, Catarrhal. 
 
 599 
 
 KEI 
 
 Katechubaum, m., A. catechu, s. Areque. 
 
 Kathartin, cathartina, Cathartine. 
 
 Katheter, catheter, Catheter. 
 
 Kiitzchen, amentum, Cbaton. 
 
 Katzchenahnlich, Katzentragend, amen- 
 taceous, Amentac^. 
 
 Katzcheubaum-Familie, f., Amentacese, A- 
 mentace'es. 
 
 Kauen, masticatio, Mastication. 
 
 Kaulplatte, tadpole, Tetard. 
 
 Kaumittel, masticatoria, *. Masticatoire. 
 
 Kaumuskel, Masseter, Masseter. 
 
 KaumuskelnerVtM^nervus masseterinus, 
 
 Kaumuskelschlagader, art. masseterina, 
 
 Kauzahn, m., grinduig-tooth, s. Machelier. 
 
 Kaviar, caviar, Caviar. 
 
 Kegel, m., cone, s. Conciide. 
 
 Kegelauge,conophthalmus,Conophthalme. 
 
 Kegelformig, conoid, Cono'ide. 
 
 Kenlader, -vene, aussere, innere, ext. 
 , internal jugular vein, s. Jugulaire. 
 
 Kehlauschnitt, incisurajugularis, 
 
 Kehldeckel, epiglottis, Epiglotte. 
 
 Kehldeckelentziindung, epiglottitis, Epi- 
 glottite. 
 
 Kehldriisen, pi., jugular glands, s Jugulaire. 
 
 Kehle, jugulum, Gorge. 
 
 Kehljlosser, Jugulares (Pisces), Jugulaires. 
 
 Kehlgrube, fossa jugularis, s. Jugulaire. 
 
 Kehlkopf, larynx, Larynx. 
 
 Kehlkopfarterie, Kehlkopfschlagader, la- 
 ryngeal artery, s. Larynge. 
 
 Kehlkopfb'dnder, pi., ligaments, _ 
 
 Kehlkopfhohle, , cavum Taryngis, s. Cave. 
 
 Kehlkopf knorpeln, cartilagines ^.Larynx. 
 
 Kehlkopfmuskeln, pi., musculi , 
 
 Kehlkopfnerven, nervi , s. Laryngt. 
 
 Kehlkopfschwindsucht,phthis.laryngea, 
 
 Kehlkopftasche, f., ventriculus laryngis, s. 
 Ventricule. 
 
 Kehlloch, foramen jugulare, s. Jugulaire. 
 
 Kehlsucht, quinsy, Esquinancie. 
 
 Keichen, anhelatio, Anhektion. 
 
 Keichend, anhelosus, Anheleux. 
 
 Keichhusten, pertussis, Coqueluche. 
 
 Keil, cuneus, Coin. 
 
 Keilbein, os sphenoides, Sphdnoide. 
 
 Keilbeine, Keilformige Beine, ossa cunei- 
 formia, s. Cuneiforme. 
 
 Keilbeinflugel, s. Fliigel. 
 
 Keilbeingaumenknoten, ganglion sphcno- 
 palatinum, s. Spheno-Palatln. 
 
 Keilbeingaumenloch, n., foramen ., _ 
 
 Keilbeingaumennerven, nervi spheno-pa- 
 latini, 
 
 Keilbeingaumenschlagadern, arteriae sphe- 
 no-palatinae, 
 
 Keilbeinhohlen,sinussphenoidales,s.5'mws. 
 
 Keilbeinhprnchen, Cornets sphenoidaux. 
 
 Keilbeinkieferspalte, fissura spheno-max- 
 illaris, s. Spheno-Maxillaire. 
 
 Keilbeinspalte, sphenoidalis,s.,Sj0Aen<ttda;. 
 
 Keilformig, cuneiform, sphenoid, Cunei- 
 forme, Sphenoide. 
 
 Keilformige Blatter, cuneiform leaves,
 
 KIE 
 
 Keilfartsatz, m., proc. basilaris, s. Basilaire. 
 Keim, germ, Germe. 
 Keimchen, n., corculum, Corcule. 
 Keimen, -ung, germinatio, Germination. 
 Keimfleck, m., macula germinativa, 
 Keimgang, funiculus, Funicnle. 
 Keimgrube, hilum, Hile. 
 Keimhaut, nucleanium, Hilofere. 
 Keimling, vegetable embryo, Embryon. 
 Keimloch, micropyla, Micropyle. 
 Keimpulverhaufchen, soridium, s. Conlde. 
 Keimsack, amnion vegetabile, Amnios. 
 Keimwiirzelchen, radicle, s, Micropyle. 
 Kelch, calyx, Calice. 
 Kelchblatt, -blatter, pi., sepal, Sepale. 
 Kelchchen, caliculus, Calicule. 
 Kelchformig, caliciformis, Caliciforme. 
 Kelchlos, acalycinus, Acalycin. 
 Kelchspelze, gluma, Balle. 
 Kellerassel, -wurm, A. officin.,s. Armadillo. 
 Kellerhals, m., Daphne, Daphne. 
 Kellerh. gemeiner, D. mezereum,s. Garou. 
 Kellerhalsrinde, f., cortex D. mezerei, 
 
 Kellerhalswurzel, f., radix , 
 
 Kellerwiirmertinctur, Tinctura Millepe- 
 
 dum, s. Armadillo. 
 Kelotom, celotomus, s. Celotomie. 
 Kennzeichen, character, Caractere. 
 Keratotom, ceratotomus, CeVatotome. 
 Keratotomie, ceratotomia, Ceratotomie. 
 Kerbzahn, crenatura, Crdnulure. 
 Kerbzahnig, crenulatus, Cre'nule*. 
 Kerkerfieber, jail-fever, s. Fievre. 
 Kermes,Kermeswurm, m.,C- \\ic\s,s.Kermes. 
 Kern, kernel, Amande. 
 Kern, core, s. Cceur. 
 Kernhaut, endopleura, Endoplevre. 
 Kernholz, heart of a tree, s. Cceur. 
 Kerze, f., bougie, Bougie. 
 Kettenwurm, s. Bandwurm. 
 Keulenformig, claviformis, Claviforme. 
 Keulenschwamm, m., Clavaria, Clavaire. 
 Keuschbaum, Vitex, Gatillier. 
 Kiefer, maxilla, Machoire. 
 Kiefer, Pinus, Pin. 
 Kieferarterie, aussere, innere,art. max- 
 
 illaris ext., interna, s. Maxillaire. 
 Kiefergelenk, m., articulatio temporo-max- 
 
 illaris, s. Temporo-Maxittaire. 
 Kieferknoten, s. Unterkieferknoten. 
 Kieferschlundmuskel, Mylo-Pharyngeus, 
 
 Mylo-Pharyngien. 
 
 Kiefersprossen, , pi., turiones pini, s. Pin. 
 Kieferzungenbeinmuskel, Mylo-hyoideus, 
 
 Mylo-Hyo'idien. 
 Kieferzungenmuskel, Mylo-glossus, My- 
 
 lo-Glosse. 
 
 Kiel, carina, Carene. 
 Kielformig, carinatus, Care'ne'. 
 Kiemen, branchiae, Branchies. 
 Kiemenbogen, branchial arches, s. Bran- 
 chial. 
 
 Kiemendeckel, gill-cover, s. Opercule. 
 Kiemenhaut, f., branchial membrane, s. 
 Kiemenbffnung, orifice, s. Branchies. 
 
 GOO 
 
 KLE 
 
 Kind, child, Enfant. 
 Kindbeltbluffluss, m., lochia, Lochies. 
 Kindbetterin, puerpera, *. Puerperal. 
 Kindbetteritifieber, n., febris puerperalis, 
 Kindbettreinigung, lochia, Lochies. 
 Kinderdiat, psedotrophia, Pe'dotrophie. 
 Kinderhusten, s. Keichhusten. 
 Kinderkrampfe, pi., convulsions of chil- 
 dren, Eclampsie. 
 
 Kinderlosigkeit, atechnia, Atechnie. 
 Kindermesswage, baromacrometrum, Ba- 
 
 romacrometre. 
 
 Kindheit, childhood, Enfance. 
 Kindspech, meconium, Me'conium. 
 Kindwasser, liquor amnii, s. Liqueur. 
 Kindz'dhne, pi., denies decidui, s. Decidu. 
 Kinn, mentum, Menton. 
 Kinnarterie, art. mentalis, s. Mentonnicr. 
 Kinnbacken, m., s. Kinnlade. 
 Kinnbackendriisen, maxillary glands, s. 
 
 Maxillaire. 
 
 Kinnbackenhohle, f., antrum, s. Antre. 
 Kinnbackenkrampf, trismus, s. Tetanus. 
 Kinnflechte, mentagra, Mentagre. 
 Kinnlade, maxilla, Machoire. 
 Kinnladenhelm, Galete. 
 Kinnnerv, nervus mentalis, s. Mentonnier. 
 Kinnwinkel, aiigulus , s. Mental. 
 Kinnzungenbeinmuskel, Genio-hyoideus, 
 
 Genio-Hy o idien. 
 Kinnzungenmuskel, Genio-glossus,Ge'nio- 
 
 Glosse. 
 
 Kino-Gummi, Kino-Harz, kino, Kino. 
 Kitio-tinktur, Tinctura Kino. 
 Kiotom, kiotomus, Kiotome. 
 Kirschbaum, Prunus cerasus, Cerisier. 
 Kirsche, fructus P. cerasi, Cerise. 
 
 Kirschkern, m., nucleus fructfis , 
 
 Kirschlorbeer,Fr\inus lauro-cerasus,Lauro- 
 
 Cerise. 
 
 Kirschlorbeerblatter, folia Lauro-cerasi, 
 Kirschlorbeerwasser, Aqua de foliis , 
 Kirschnernaht, glover's suture, s. Suture. 
 Kissampelos, Cissampelos, Cissampelos. 
 Kitzler, clitoris, Clitoris. 
 Kitzlernerv, m., nervus clitorideus, 
 Kitzler schlagader, Kitzlervene, arteria , 
 
 vena clitoridea, 
 
 Klamm, m., spasmus cruris, s. Spasme. 
 Klammer, fulcrum, Crampon. 
 Klappe, valve, Valve, Valvule. 
 Klapperrose, Klatschrose, s. Feldmohn. 
 Klapperschlange, Crotalus, Crotale. 
 Klapperschlangenwurz, Polygala senega, 
 
 *. Polygala. 
 Klar, clear, Clair. 
 Klaue, claw, Onglet. 
 Klauenformig, unguiformis, Onguiforme. 
 Kleber, gluten, Gluten. 
 Klebpfla&ter, harztiges Bleipflaster, Em- 
 
 plastrum adhaesivum, resmtej.Adhesif. 
 Klebrig, glutinous, Glutineux. 
 Kleiartig, Kleienartig, furfuraceous, Fur- 
 
 furace. 
 Kleie, Kleye, furfur, Son.
 
 KNI 
 
 Kleienartiger Bodensatz, furfuraceous se- 
 diment, s. Furfurace. 
 
 Kleiengrind, m., Porrigo furfurans, 
 
 KleinbIattrig,micr(>phyllous,Microphvlle. 
 
 Kleinblumenbiattrig, micropetalous, Mi- 
 cropetale. 
 
 Kleine Welt, microcosm, Microcosme. 
 
 Kleine Zwiebel, s. Knospenzwiebel. 
 
 Kleiner ErschlafFerdes Paukenfelles,Lax- 
 ator tympani minor, Acoustico-Malleen. 
 
 Kleiner Finger, digitus minimus, s.Doiyt. 
 
 Kleiner Muskel der Ohrleiste, Helicis mi- 
 nor, Concho-He'licien. 
 
 Kleiner Rautenmuskel, Rhomboideus mi- 
 nor, s. Rhomboidal. 
 
 Kleiner Kollhiigel, tr. minor, s. Trochanter. 
 
 Kleiner Sumpt'hahnenf uss, Kleines Speer-. 
 kraut, R. flammula, *. Rinoncule. 
 
 Kleinfriichtig, microcarpus, Microcarpe. 
 
 Kleln-Gehirnschlagadern, pi., arteriae cere- 
 bellicse, *. Cerebellettx. 
 
 Klcinhirn, n., cerebellum, Cervelet. 
 
 Kleinkopfig, capitulatus, Capitule. 
 
 Kleinkoprig, microcephalus, Microcephale. 
 
 Kleinster Gesassmuskel, Gluteus mini- 
 mus, s. Fessier. 
 
 Klein wurzelig, microrrhizus, Microrrhize. 
 
 Klettendistel, -kraut, A. lappa, Bardane. 
 
 Klettenwurzel, f., radix Arctii lappse, 
 
 Klftterfuss, m., -fusse, pi., pes scansorius,s. 
 
 Kletternd, climbing, Grimpant. 
 
 Klimacterisch, climacteric, Climacte'rique. 
 
 Klimatisch, climatic, Climaterique. 
 
 Kliniatische Krankheiten, diseases, . 
 
 Klingen s. Brausen der Ohren. 
 
 Klinik, medicina clinica, s. Clinique. 
 
 Klinikum, clinical institution, 
 
 Klinisch, clinical, Clinique. 
 
 Klinische Anstalt, clinical institution, 
 
 Klinischer Arzt, physician, s. Clinique. 
 
 Klisiometer, clisiometrum, Cliseometre. 
 
 Klitoris, clitoris, Clitoris. 
 
 Kloak, cloaca, Cloaque. 
 
 Klonisch, clonicus, Clonique. 
 
 Klonischer Krampf, spasmus clonicus, 
 
 Klopfen, pulsation, Battement. 
 
 Klumpfuss, m., club-foot, Pied-bot. 
 
 Klyster, Klystier, enema, Clystere. 
 
 Klysterspritze, syringe, Enterenchy ta. 
 
 Knabenkraut, Orchis, Orchis. 
 
 Knabenkrauter, Orchidese, Orchidees. 
 
 Knacken, Knarren,crepitatio, Crepitation. 
 
 Knallend, fulminans, Fulminant. 
 
 Knallgold, fulminating gold, 
 
 Knallpulver, fulminating powder, 
 
 Knallsaure, fulminic acid, 
 
 Knallsa'ure Salze, fulminates, 
 
 Knallsilber, fulminating silver, 
 
 Knie, knee, Genou. 
 
 Kniebeuge, f, ham, Jarret. 
 
 Kniebruch,-geschwullst, gonoc.,Gonocele. 
 
 Knieformig, geniculatus, Genouille'. 
 
 Kniegelenk, m., knee-joint,s. Fcmoro-tibial. 
 
 Knieffelenkschlagadern, f., pi., arterise arti- 
 culares genu, s. Genou. 
 
 601 
 
 KNO 
 
 Kniegicht, gonyagra, Gonagre. 
 Kniegrube, Kniekehle, s. Kniebeuge. 
 Kniekapsel, f., capsula genu, *. Capsule. 
 Kniekehlenblutader, f., v. poplitea,s. Popliti. 
 Kniekehlendrusen, f.,glandulse poplitese, _ 
 Kniekehlenmuskel, Popliteus, . 
 Kniekehlenschlagader, arteria poplitea, 
 Kniescheibe, patella, Rotule. 
 Kniescheibenband, ligamentum patellae, 
 Kniescheibenverrenkung, f., luxatio ., 
 Knieschmerz, gonalgia, Gonalgie. 
 Knoblauch, AUium sativum, *. Ail. 
 Knoblauchkraut, E. alliaria, s. Alliaire. 
 Knoblauchsyrup, Syrupus Allii, s. Ail: 
 Knochel, ausserer, malleolus externus, . 
 Knochel, innerer, internus, s. Malleole. 
 Knochelbein, *. Sprungbein. 
 Knochelchen, n., ossiculum, Osselet. 
 Knochelschlagadern, arteriee malleolares, 
 
 *. Malleolaire. 
 Knochen, bone, Os. 
 Knochenablatterung, s. Abblatterung. 
 Knochenartige oder knorpelartige Ver- 
 
 hartung, osteocele, Osteocele. 
 Knochenauswuchs, exostosis, Exostose. 
 Knochenband, m ., lig. of bone, *. Ligament. 
 Knochenbildung, formation -- ,s.Osteose. 
 Knochenbrand, caries ossium, Necrose. 
 Knochenbruch, s. Beinbruch. 
 Knochenentziindung, ostealgitis, ostitis, 
 
 Oste'algite, Ostite. 
 
 Knochen-,Beinerde,i'.,ea.r\\i of bone, s. Terre. 
 Knochenerwreichung,s.Knochenweichkeit. 
 
 Knochenfaule, Knochenfrass, s. Beinfrass. 
 Knochenfleischgeschwullst, osteosarcoma, 
 
 Oste'osarcome. 
 
 Knochenfuge, s. Knochennath. 
 Knochengeschwullst,osteoncus,Osteoncie. 
 Knochennaut, *. Beinhaut. 
 Knochenhautchen,od. Beinhaut,der Hirn- 
 
 schale, pericranium, Pe'ricrane. 
 Knochenhauter,Osteodermi,Oste'odermes. 
 Knochenkern, m., punctum ossificationis, *. 
 
 Pointe. 
 Knochenknorpel, m., cartilago ossium for- 
 
 mativa, s. Cartilage. 
 
 Knochenkraukheit, dysostosis, Dysostose. 
 Knochenlehre, osteology, Oste"ologie. 
 Knochenmark, marrow, s. MediiUaire. 
 Knochennarbe, Beinnarbe, callus, Cal. 
 Knochennalh, sutura ossium, s. Suture. 
 Knochenphosphor, m., phosphorus of bone, 
 
 s, Pkosphore. 
 
 Knochenp/atte, f., lamina ossis, s. Lame. 
 Knochensaure, s. Phosphorsaure. 
 Knochenschmerz, ostealgia, Oste'algie. 
 Knochenspeckgeschwullst, osteosteatoma, 
 
 Ost^osteatome. 
 
 Knochensplitter, splinter, Esquille. 
 Knochensubslanz, f., osseous tissue, s. Tissu. 
 Knochensystem, system, s. Systeme. 
 Knochen thiere, pl.,Osteozoa, Osteozoaires. 
 Knochenverbindung durch Bander, sjn- 
 
 desmosis, Syndesmose. 
 
 2T
 
 KNO 
 
 Knochenverbindung durch Muskeln, sys- 
 sarcosis. Syssarcose. 
 
 Knochenverbindung durch Sehnen, syn- 
 lenosis, Syntenose. 
 
 Knochenverderbniss, osteophthoria, Oste 1 - 
 ophthorie. 
 
 Knochenversteinerung, fossil bone, Oste'- 
 olite. 
 
 Knochenweichkeit, mollities ossium, Mal- 
 acoste"ose, Ostdomalacie. 
 
 Knochenzange, bone-forceps, Ostagre. 
 
 Knochenzerbrechlichkeit, fragilitas ossi- 
 um, Oste'opsathyrose. 
 
 Knochenzergliederung, s. Osteotomie. 
 
 Knochenzermalmung, 1., comminutio ossis, 
 s. Comminution. 
 
 Knochern, Knochig, osseous, Osseux. 
 
 Knollen, tuber, Tubercule. 
 
 Knollenkraut, A. glycyphyllus, s.Astragale. 
 
 Knollenwurz, s. Braunwurz, knotige. 
 
 Knollfuss, elephantopus, El^phantope. 
 
 Knollig, tuberous, Tubereux. 
 
 Knolliger Hahnenfuss, Ranunculus bul- 
 bosus, s. Renoncule. 
 
 Knollsucht, s. Elephantiasis. 
 
 Knopf, Knopfe, pi., button, Bouton. 
 
 Knopfchen, cephalopodium, Cephalopode. 
 
 Knopfe an den Pflanzen, articuli planta- 
 rum, s. Article. 
 
 Knopffb'rmig, condyloid, Condyloide. 
 
 KnopfFortsatz, m., condyloid process, 
 
 Knopfloch, button-hole, Boutonniere. 
 
 Knopfnaht, interrupted suture, s. Suture^ 
 
 Knopkapsel, coccum, Coque. 
 
 Knorpel, cartilage, Cartilage. 
 
 Knorpel, giesskannenformiger, s. Giess- 
 beckenknorpel. 
 
 Knorpelartig, adj., s. Knorpelig. 
 
 Knorpelartige Korper, cartilaginous bo- 
 dies, s. Articulaire- 
 
 Knorpelbeschreibung, description of carti- 
 lages, Chondrographie. 
 
 Knorpelentziindung,chondritis,Chondrite. 
 
 Knorpelfische, Pisces cartilaginosi, s. Car- 
 tilagineux, et Osseux. 
 
 Knorpelhaft, f. f s. Knorpelverbindung. 
 
 Knorpelhaut, perichondrium ,Pdrichondre. 
 
 Knorpelhautentziindung, perichondritis, 
 Perichondrite. 
 
 Knorpelig, cartilaginous, Cartilagineux. 
 
 Knorpellehre, chondrologia, Chondrologie. 
 
 Knorpelsystem, cartilag. system, s. Systeme. 
 
 Knorpelverbindung, Knorpliche Verbind- 
 ung, synchondrosis, Synchondrose. 
 
 Knorpelierlegung, chondrotomia, Chon- 
 drotomie. 
 
 Knorpelzungenmuskel, Chondro-glossus, 
 Chondro-Glosse. 
 
 Knorrenmuskel,kleiner,Anconeus,Ancone' 
 
 Knb'spchen, gemmula, Gemmule. 
 
 Knospe, Knospen, pi., gemma, Bourgeon. 
 
 Knospen der Baume, gemmae arborum, . 
 
 Knospenauge, n., young bud, s. (Ett. 
 
 Knospen tragend,gemmiparus,Gemmipare. 
 
 Knospentreiben, s. Knospern. 
 
 602 
 
 KON 
 
 Knospenzwiebel, bulbillus, Bulbille. 
 
 Knospern, gemmatio, Gemmation. 
 
 Knotchen, nodule, Nouette. 
 
 Knoten, ganglion, Ganglion. 
 
 Knoten, nodus, Noeud. 
 
 Knoten an den Gelenken, node in joints, 
 Nodosite. 
 
 Knotenformig, gangliform, Gangliforme. 
 
 Knotenf'ormige Binde, s. Sonne. 
 
 Knotensucht, f., tuberc. disease, s. Tubercule. 
 
 Knurren ini Leibe, s. Leibkollern. 
 
 Kochen, Kochung, coctio, Coction. 
 
 Kochsalz, m., culinary salt, s. Chlorure. 
 
 Kochsalzsaure, s. Salzsaure. 
 
 Kohl, Brassica, Chou. 
 
 Kohl, indianischer, A. esculentum, s.Arum. 
 
 Kohle, pit-coal, Houille. 
 
 Kohlenoxydgas, carb. oxide, s. Carbonique. 
 
 Kohlensaure, carbonic acid, s. Carbonate. 
 
 Kohlensaure Bittererde oder Talkerde, car- 
 bonate of magnesia, 
 
 Kohlensaure Kalkerde, of lime, 
 
 Kohlensaure Salze, carbonates, s. Carbonate. 
 
 Kohlensaures, basisches, Ammoniak, sub- 
 carbonate of ammonia, 
 
 Kohlensaures, neutrales, Ammoniak, car- 
 bonate of ammonia, 
 
 Kohlensaures, basisches, Kali, sub-carbo- 
 nate of potass, 
 
 Kohlensaur.,neutral., ,carbonate , 
 
 Kohlensaures, basisches, Natron, sub-car- 
 bonate of soda, 
 
 Kohlensaur.,neutral., ,carbonate , 
 
 Kohlenstoff, carbon, Carbon. 
 
 Kohlenstoffmesser, s. Anthrakometer. 
 
 Kohlenstoffsa'ure, s. Kohlensaure. 
 
 Kohlenwasserstoffgas, carburetted hydro- 
 gen gas, s. Carbone. 
 
 Kohlige Sa'ure, carbonous acid,s. Carboneux. 
 
 Kokkelskorn, s. Indianische Kokkelbeere. 
 
 Kokosbaum, Kokospalme, s. Cocosbaum. 
 
 Kolben, spadix, Spadice. 
 
 Kolbenmoos, Lycopodium, Lycopode. 
 
 Kolchicum, Colchicum, Colchique. 
 
 Kolik, colic, Colique. 
 
 Kolon, colon, Colon. 
 
 Koloquinthe, Cucumis colocynthis, $. Co- 
 loquinte. 
 
 KoloquinthenextractjExt-colocynthidis, 
 
 Koloquinthengurke, pomum , 
 
 Koloquinthenkugeln, trochisci colocynthi- 
 dis, , s., also, Alhandal. 
 
 Koloquinthenmark, m., pulpa , 
 
 Koloquinthenol, aufgegossenes, oleum in- 
 fusum colocynthidis, 
 
 Koloquinthentinctur, Tinctura -_, 
 
 Kolostrum, colostra, Colostrum. 
 
 Kondylom, condyloma, Condylome. 
 
 Kongeraal, m., Conger, Congre. 
 
 Ki3nigschinarinde, cortex Cinchonas cordi- 
 folise, s. Quinquina. 
 
 Konigskrankheit, s. Gelbsucht. 
 
 Konigssalbe, basilicum, Basilicon. 
 
 Konigswasser, Aqua regia, s. Hydrochloro- 
 nitrique.
 
 KOR 
 
 Konisch, conoides, Conoide. 
 Kopaivabaum, s. Copahubaum. 
 Kopf, Kopie, pi., head, Tete. 
 Kopf'des Ellenbogenbeins, *. Olekranon. 
 Kopfabscess, cephalopyosis, Ce'phalopy ose. 
 Kopf-Armarterie, -blutader, arteria , vena 
 
 brachio-cephalica, s. Brachio-Ciphalique. 
 Kopfarterie, aussere, gemeinschaftliche, 
 
 innere, arteria carotis externa, 
 
 communis, interna, s. Carotide. 
 
 Kopfartig, cephaloides, Cephaloide. 
 Kopfauschlag, eruption on head, s.Achores. 
 Kopf bad, capitiluvium, Capitiluve. 
 Jfo/>/&aMWj J m.,Cephalanthus ) Cephalanthe. 
 Kopf bein, os magnum, s. Carpe. 
 Kopfblnde, f., head-bandage, Capistre. 
 Kopfblutader, v. cephalica, s. Cephalique. 
 Kopf blutgeschwullst der N eugebornen,tu- 
 
 inor capitis sanguineus recens-natorum, 
 
 Cephalamatome. 
 
 Kopfbruch, hernia capitis, s. Hernie. 
 Kopfchen, capitulum, Capitule. 
 Kopfchen, s. Kiigelchen. 
 Kopfeiterung, s. Kopfabscess. 
 Kopffieber, n., cerebral fever, s. Cephalonose. 
 KopfFormig, capitatus, Capite. 
 Kopfgelenk, m., articulatio occipito-atloi- 
 
 dea, s. Occipito-Allo'idien. 
 Kopfgicht, cephalagra, Ce'phalagre. 
 Kopfgrind, Tinea, Teigne. 
 Kopfgr., bosartiger, Tinea maligna, 
 Kopfgr., favoser, Tinea favosa, 
 Kopfgr., hirseahnliche, Tinea granulata, . 
 Kopfhaube, f., amnios, Gale'a. 
 Kopfhiille, cucullus, Couvre-Chef. 
 Kopfkrankheit,cephalonosos,Cephalonose. 
 Kopflaus, Pediculus capitis, s. Pou. 
 Kopfleiden, cephaloponia, Cdphaloponie. 
 Kopflosigkeit, acephalia, Acephalie. 
 Kopfmesser, cephalometer, Ce'phalometre. 
 Kopfmuskeln, pi., musculi capitis, s. Tete. 
 Kopfnicker,Sterno-cleido-mastoideus,Ster- 
 
 no-Cleido-Mastoidien. 
 Kopfreinigend, cephalartic, Ce'phalartique. 
 Kopfreinigende Mittel, cephalartica, 
 Kopfschlagader, art. ce'pha.\ica ) s.Cephalique. 
 Kopfschlagadern, s. Karotiden. 
 Kopfschmerz, cephalalgia, Cdphalalgie. 
 Kopfschmerz, druckender, carebaria,Care- 
 
 barie. 
 
 Kopfschmerz, heftiger, s. Kopfgicht. 
 Kopftragend, s. KopfFormig. 
 Kopfwassersucht, s. Wasserkopf. 
 Kopfweh, n., cephalsea, Cephalee. 
 Kopfzerlegung, otomia, Cephalotomie. 
 Kopfzieher, m., crotchet ?, Tire-Tete. 
 Koralle, coral, Corail. 
 Korallenschwamm, m., Clavaria coralloides, 
 
 s. Clavaire. 
 
 Korbmuschel, m., Mactra, Macre. 
 Koriander, Coriandrum, Coriandre. 
 Koriandersamen, semina Coriandri, 
 Korinlhentraubenstock, V. apyrena, *. Vigne. 
 Kork, cork, Liege. 
 Korkartiff, adj., suberous, Subcreux. 
 
 603 
 
 Korkbaum, -eiche, Quercus suber, s. Chcnc. 
 
 Korksaure, suberic acid, s. Suberate. 
 
 Korksaure Salze, suberates, 
 
 Korn, corn or grain, Grain. 
 
 Korn, Korn-gewicht, grain-weight, 
 
 Korn, indianischer, Zea mays, s. Mais. 
 
 Kornahre, f., spike of cereal plants, Epi. 
 
 Kornchen, granulum, Granule. 
 
 Kornen, granulatio, Granulation. 
 
 Kornerfressend, granivorus, Granivore. 
 
 Kornerlack, lacca in grauis, s. Laque. 
 
 Kornerstorax, sty rax sicca, s. Styrax. 
 
 Kornkafer, C. granaria, s. Calandre. 
 
 Kornnelke,f.,Agrostemma.gitliago,s.Githage 
 
 Kornrittersporn, Delphinium consolidaj s. 
 Dauphinelle. 
 
 Kornrose, s. Feldmohn. 
 
 Kornzapfen, m., Secale cornutum, s. Ergot. 
 
 Korper, body, Corps, 
 
 Kb'rper, fibrose, fibrous bodies, 
 
 Korper, holziger, corpus ligneum, 
 
 Korperchen, corpusculum, Corpuscule. 
 
 Korperkrieslauf, m., greater systemic- 
 circulation, s. Circulation. 
 
 Korper lehre, f., somatologia, Somatologie. 
 
 Korperlich, corpuscular, Corpusculaire. 
 
 Korperschnitt, somatotomia,Somatotomie. 
 
 Korsicanisches Moos, s. Wurmmoos. 
 
 Kraftlosigkeit, debilitas, Acratie, De"bilite. 
 
 Kosmetik, ars cosmetica, Cosmetique. 
 
 Kosten, degustatio, De'gustation, 
 
 Koth, m., stercus, s. Stercoral. 
 
 Kothabgang,expulsio stercoris, Defecation. 
 
 Kothabscess, stercoral abscess, s. Stercoral. 
 
 Kothausleerend, coprocriticus, Coprocrit- 
 ique. 
 
 Xothausleerende Mittel, coprocritica, 
 
 Kothausleerung,coprophoria,Coprophorie. 
 
 Kothbrechen, coproemesia, Coproemese. 
 
 Kothfistel, stercoral fistula, s. Stercoral. 
 
 Kothverhartung, coprosclerosis, Copro- 
 sclerose. 
 
 Kourbarillharz, s. Animeharz. 
 
 Kraft, Krafte, pi., strength, Dynamic. 
 
 Kraft, force, power, Force. 
 
 Kraftbriihe, analeptic broth, Consomme'. 
 
 Kraftig, energetic, Energique. 
 
 Kraftlehre, f., s. Dynamik. 
 
 Kraftmangel, adynamia, Adynamie. 
 
 Kraftmesser,dynamometer,Dynamometre 
 
 Krahenaugen, pi., nuces vomicse, s. Noix. 
 
 Krahenaugenauszug, geistiger, Extractum 
 alcoholicum nucis vomicse, 
 
 Krahenaugenextract, Extractum , 
 
 Krahenaugentinctur, Tinctura , 
 
 Krahenbeere, f., s. Apenbeere. 
 
 Krahenfuss, s. Hahnenfuss. 
 
 Kralle, claw, Ongle. 
 
 Kramersaure, krameric acid, s. Kramerate. 
 
 Kramersaure Salze, kramerates, 
 
 Krampf, spasm, Spasme. 
 
 Krampfader, s. Varikose Blutader. 
 
 lrampfaderbruch,m.,\ancQcele,~Va,ricoce\e. 
 
 Krampfaderknoten, varix, Varice. 
 
 Krampfaderschnitt,cirsotomia,Cirsotomie.
 
 KRA 
 
 Krampf&hnlich, Krampfartig, spasmodic, 
 
 Spasmodique, 
 Krampfartige Aufrichtung des nmnnlichen 
 
 Gliedes, priapismus, Priapisme. 
 Krampffiscn, Torpedo, Torpille. 
 Krampfliaft, Krampfig, s. Krampfahnlich. 
 Krampfhusten, m., tussis conv. ,a. Convulsif. 
 Krampfiehre, f., spasmologia, Spasmologie. 
 KrampfschlagadergeschwullstjS.Varikoses 
 
 Aneurysma. 
 Krampfstiliend, antispasmodic, Antispas- 
 
 modique. 
 
 Kraniologie, craniology, Craniologie. 
 Kraniologisch,craniological,Craniologique. 
 Kraniometrie, craniometry, Craniometrie. 
 Kraniopathie, craniopathy, Craniopathie. 
 Kranioscop, cranioscopist, Cranioscop. 
 Kranioscopie, cranioscopy, Cranioscopie. 
 Krank, diseased, sick, Malade. 
 Kranke, segrotus, Malade. 
 Krankenhaus, hospital, s. NosocamiaL 
 Krankenverpfleger,nosocomus,Nosocome. 
 Krankenwarter, male attendant on the 
 
 sick, Infirmier. 
 
 Krankenwarterinn, female , Infirmiere. 
 Krankhaft, Kranklich, morbid, Morbide. 
 Krankhafte Hautfarbe, dyschrcea, Dys- 
 
 chroie. 
 
 Krankhafte Beschaffenheit, morbid condi- 
 tion, s. Dyscholie. 
 
 Krankhafte Geilheit, satyriasis, Satyriase. 
 KrankhafterSchweiss,dishydria,Dyshydrie 
 Krank heit, disease, Maladie. 
 Krankheiten des Geschmacks, Dysgeusiae, 
 
 Dysgeusies. 
 Krankheiten des Sehvermb'gens, Dysopsiae, 
 
 Dysopsies. 
 
 Kran1tfieit8abnahme,(.,AecL morbi,s. Declin. 
 Krankheitsanlage, diathesis ad inorbum, s. 
 
 Diathe.se. 
 
 Krankheitsentscheidung.cr. morbi, . Crise. 
 Krankheitserscheinungen, pi., phenomena 
 
 morbi, s. Epiphenomene. 
 Krankheitslehre, nosology, Nosologie. 
 Krankheit8zeichenKrankheitszulaH,symp- 
 
 toma morbi, *. Symptome. 
 Krankheitsznnahme y , exacerbatio morbi, 
 
 s. Exacerbation. 
 
 Krankmachend, morbific, Morbifique. 
 Kranologie, cranology, Cranologie. 
 Kranz, crown, Couronne. 
 Kranzader, -blutader, cor. vein, s. Coronaire. 
 Kranzarterie, -arterien, pi., artery, 
 Krcmzband, coronary ligament, 
 Kranzbein, s. Stirnbein. 
 Kranzformig, coronary, Coronaire. 
 Kranzgejlecht, n., plexus coronarius, 
 Kranznaht, coronal suture, s. Coronal. 
 Kranznerv, m., nervus circumflexus bra- 
 
 chii, . Circonflexe. 
 Kranzschlagader, s. Kranzarterie. 
 Krdtzbohne, f., faba D. prurient is, s. Dolk. 
 Kratze, psora, scabies, Gale. 
 Kratzformig, psoriform, Psoriforme. 
 Kratzig, psoric, Psorique, 
 
 604 
 
 KRE 
 
 Kratzmilbe, Sarcoptes scabiei, *. Sarcopie. 
 
 Kr'dtzmittel,i)\.,&nt\psorica.s.Anti-Psorique. 
 
 Kraus, crispatus, Crepu, Crispe. 
 
 Krause, crispatio, Crispation. 
 
 Krauselformig, turbinatus. Turbine. 
 
 Kraut, Krauter, pi., herb, Herbe. 
 
 Krautartig, herbaceus, Herbace. 
 
 Krauterbuch, herbarium, Herbier. 
 
 Krauterfressend, herbivorous, Herbivore. 
 
 Krauterkenner, herbalist, Herboriste. 
 
 Krauterkunde, s. Botanik. 
 
 Krautersafte, m., pi., s. Pflanzensiifte. 
 
 Krauter-, s. Pflanzenversteinerung. 
 
 Krauterwissenschaft, s. Krauterkunde. 
 
 Krebs, cancer, Cancer. 
 
 Krebs, Cancer, Crabe. 
 
 Krebsartig, cancerous, carcinomatous,Can- 
 cereux, Carcinomateux. 
 
 Krebsaugen, oculi cancrorum, a. Ecrevlsse. 
 
 Krebsgeschwiir,canceroussore,*.Cance'rcw^. 
 
 Krebsscheeren, cancri chelae, s. Crabe. 
 
 Krebssteine.lapides cancrorum,s.jEcreyme. 
 
 Kreide, creta, Craie. 
 
 Kreideluft, f., s. Kohlensaure. 
 
 Kreidig, cretaceus, Crayeux. 
 
 Kreisformig, circular, Circulaire. 
 
 Kreislauf, circulation, Circulation. 
 
 Kreisl.des Blutes beim Foetus, fostal , 
 
 Kreisschliisselchen, gyroma, Gyrome. 
 
 Kresse, cress, Cresson. 
 
 Kresse, indianische, Trapaeolum majus, 
 
 Kreuz, cross, Croix. 
 
 Kreuz, eisernes, crux ferrea, 
 
 Kreuz eines Pferds, equi tergum, Croupe. 
 
 Kreuzband, crucial ligament, s. Croise. 
 
 Kreuzband des Fusses, cruciform ligament 
 of the foot, s. Cruciforme. 
 
 Kreuzbander des Kniegelenks, crucial liga- 
 ments of knee-joint, s. Croise. 
 
 Kreuzbeere, bacca R. cathartici^.JVerprttn. 
 
 Kreuzbeersyrup, m., Syrupus Rhamni, 
 
 Kreuabem, n., sacrum, Sacre. 
 
 Kreuzbeindrusen, f., pi., sacral glands, 
 
 Kreuzbeinkanal, sacral canal, 
 
 Kreuzbeinlocher, vorderen hinteren, fo- 
 ramina sacralia ant., posteriory 
 
 Kreuzblume, Polygala, Polygale. 
 
 Kreuzdarmbeinbander, sacro-iliac liga- 
 ments, s. Sacro-Iliaque. 
 
 Kreuzdarmbeinfuge, symphysis, 
 
 Kreuzdorn, Rhamnus, Nerprun. 
 
 Kreuzdornbeere, s. Kreuzbeere. 
 
 Kreuzdorn-Familie,Rhamni,Rhamnoides. 
 
 Kreuzformig, crucial, Crucial. 
 
 Kreuzformig, cruciform, Cruciforme. 
 
 Kreuzformige Blumenkrone, corolla, 
 
 Kreuzgettecht, sacral plexus, *. Sacre. 
 
 Kreuzknorrenband, n., ligamentum sacro- 
 tuberosum, s. Sacro-St-iatique. 
 
 Kreuzknolen, m., sacral ganglion, s. Sacre. 
 
 K reuzmuskel, Kreuzlendenmuskel, Sacro- 
 -lumbaiis, Sacro-Lombaire. 
 
 Kreuznerven, sacral nerves, s. Sucre. 
 
 Kreuzschlagadern, arteries, 
 
 Kreuzschnitt, crucial incision, s. Cructo/.
 
 KllY 
 
 Krevxstachelband, n., ligamentum sacro- 
 spinosum, s. Sacro-Sciatique. 
 
 Kreuztrayend, adj., crucifer, Crucifere. 
 
 Kreuztragende Pflanzen, Cruciferae, Cru- 
 ciferes. 
 
 ~K.reuzu.nff der Sehnercen, decussatio ner- 
 vorum opticorum, s. Decussation. 
 
 Kreuzweh, *. Lendenweh. 
 
 Kriechend, reptile, Reptile. 
 
 Kriechende Thiere, *. Reptilien. 
 
 Kriechendes Thier,a reptile, Reptile. 
 
 Kriegesarzneikunde, Chirurgia, vel Medi- 
 cina, militaris, *. Chirurgie. 
 
 Krise, crisis, Crise. 
 
 Kristall, *. Krystall. 
 
 Kritisch, critical, Critique. 
 
 Kritische Ausleerung, evacuation, 
 
 Kritische Erscheinungen, phenomena, 
 
 Kritiseher Tag, Kritische Tage, pi., critical 
 day, days, 
 
 Krokodill, Crocodilus, Crocodile. 
 
 Kronartig, coronary, Coronaire. 
 
 Krdnchen, Blumen-, corollula, Corollule. 
 
 Krone, crown, Couronne. 
 
 Krone der Zahne, corona dentium, 
 
 Kronenblatt, Kronblatt, petal, Petale. 
 
 Kronenformiffj adj., coronoid, Coronoide. 
 
 Kronenformiger Fortsatz, process, 
 
 Kronenfortsatz, same, 
 
 Kronenlos, adj., apetalous, Apetale. 
 
 Kronenspelze, glumella, *. Balle. 
 
 Kronung, crowning, Couronnement. 
 
 Kropf, bronchocele, Bronchocele. 
 
 Kropf, ingluvies, Jabot. 
 
 Kropfig, goitrous, Goitreux. 
 
 Krote, Bufo, Crapaud. 
 
 Kroton, Croton, Croton. 
 
 Krotonin. crotonina, Crotonine. 
 
 Krotonb'l, Oleum Tiglii, s. Croton. 
 
 Krotonoltrochisken,trochisci olei Tiglii, 
 
 Krotonsamen, semina Tiglii, 
 
 Krotonsaure, crotonic acid, s. Crotonate. 
 
 Krotonsaure Salze, crotonates, 
 
 Krumm, bent, curved, Courbe. 
 
 Krummbein, crus arcuatum, s. Arqtte. 
 
 Krummdarm, ileum intestinum, Ileon. 
 
 Krummes Incisions-Messer, curved scal- 
 pel, or bistoury, Ankylotome. 
 
 Kriimmung, arcuatio, Arcuation. 
 
 Kriimmung, curvatura, Courbure. 
 
 Kriimmung der Knochen, ossium, . 
 
 Kruste, crusta, Croute. 
 
 Krustenthiere, Crustacea, Crustace'es. 
 
 Krustig, crustaceus, Crustace'. 
 
 Kryptogamie, Cryptogamia, Cryptogamie. 
 
 Kryptogamisch, gamic, Ci-yptogamique. 
 
 Krystall, crystal, Cristal. 
 
 Krystallahnlich, crystalloid, Cristalloide. 
 
 Krystallbildung, formation of crystals, s. 
 
 Cristallonomie. 
 
 Krystallinisch, crystalline, Cristalline. 
 Krystallinse, crystalline lens, 
 Krystallisirf, adj., crystallized, s. 
 Krystallisirung, crystallisatio, Cristallisa- 
 tioo. 
 
 605 
 
 KUR 
 
 Krystallmesskunst, s. Krystallometrie. 
 Kry stallographie, cry stalfography, Cristal- 
 
 lographie. 
 
 Krystailologie, logy, Cristallologie. 
 Krystallometrie, metry,Cristallometrie. 
 Krystallonomie, nomy, Cristallonomie. 
 Krystallotechnie, techny, Cristallotech- 
 
 nie. 
 
 Krystallotomie, tomy, Cristallotomie. 
 Kuchen, cake, Gateau. 
 Kuchenkraut, A. pulsatilla, *. Anemone. 
 Kuchlein, n., tabella, Tablette. 
 Kugel, f., globus, Globe. 
 Kugel, hysterische, globus hystericus, 
 Kugelblume, Globularia, Globulaire. 
 Kugelchen, globulus, Globule. 
 Kiigelchen, trochiscus, Trochisque. 
 Kugelig, Kugelrund, globular, G lobuleux. 
 Kuh, vacca, s. Baeuf. 
 Kiihlend, refrigerant, Refrige'rant. 
 Kiihlende Mittel, refrigerantia, 
 Kiihlung, refrigeratio, Re'frig^ration. 
 Kuhmilch, lac vaccinum, s. Lait. 
 Kuhpocke, -pocken, pi., cow-pox, Vaccine. 
 Jtuhpockenattschlag,m., vaccine eruption, 
 Kuhpockenfieber, n., vaccine fever, 
 Kuhpockenimpfung, a. Vaccination. 
 Kukkuksbein, s. Steissbein. 
 Kukkuksschnabel, cuckoo's-bill, s. Coccyce- 
 
 phale. 
 
 Kiimmel, Carum, CarvL 
 Kummel, romische, s. Mutterkummel. 
 Kummelgeist, Spiritus Carui, . Carvi. 
 Kummelkafer, Ptinus, Ptin. 
 Kiimmelbl, Oleum Carui, s. Carvi. 
 Kiimmelpflaster, Emplastrum Carui, 
 Kummelwasser, Aqua Carui, 
 Kiinstlich, artificial, Artificiel, Factice. 
 Kiinstlicher After, artificial anus, 
 Kunstlicher Bisam, musk, s. Muse. 
 Kupfer, copper, Cuivre. 
 Kupfer im Gesicht,guttarosea,Couperose. 
 Kupferammonium, Kupfersalmiak, ammo- 
 
 niuret of copper, *. Ammoniure. 
 Kupferfinne im Gesicht, acne, Acne'. 
 Kupferhaltig, containing copper, s. 
 Kupfericht, coppery, Cuivreux. 
 Kupferoxyd, ammoniakhaltiges schwefel- 
 
 saures, s. Kupferammonium. 
 Kupferrauch, copperas, Couperose. 
 Kupfersauerhonig, Mellitum de Acetate 
 
 cupri, *. Ojcymel. 
 
 Kupfervitriol, vitriolum cupri, *. Vitriol. 
 Kiirbiss, Cucurbita, Courge. 
 Kurbissartige Prlanzen, Cucurbitaceae,Cu- 
 
 curbitac^es. 
 
 ifi/r6sswwrw?,m.,gourd-worm,Cucurbitain. 
 Kurkuma, Curcuma, Curcuma. 
 Kurz, short, Court. 
 
 Kurzathmen, brachypncea, Brachypne'e. 
 Kurzathmig, short-breathed, 
 Kurzathmigkeit, *. Kurzathmen. 
 Kurze Gefasse, pi., vasa brevia, . Court. 
 Kurzer Abzieher des Daumens, Abductor 
 
 brcvis pollicis manus, s. Abdueteur.
 
 KUR 
 
 Kurzer Anzieher des Schenkels, Adductor 
 brevis femoris, s. Adducteur. 
 
 Kurzer Ausstrecker des Daumens, Exten- 
 sor brevis pollicis manus, s. Court. 
 
 Kurzer Ausstrecker der grossen Zehe, Ex- 
 tensor brevis hallucis, 
 
 Kurzer Ausstrecker der Zehen, Extensor 
 brevis digitorum pedis, 
 
 Kurzer Beuger des Daumens, Flexor bre- 
 vis pollicis manus, 
 
 Kurzer Beuger des kleinen Fingers, Flex- 
 or brevis minimi digiti manus, 
 
 Kurzer Beuger der kleinen Zehe, Flexor 
 brevis minimi digiti pedis, 
 
 Kurzer Beuger der Zehen, Flexor brevis 
 digitorum pedis, 
 
 Kurzer Riickwartsdreher, Supinator radii 
 brevis, 
 
 Kurzer ausserer Speichenmuskel, Exten- 
 sor carpi radialis brevior, 
 
 KYS 
 
 Kurzer Wadenbeinmuskel, Peroneus bre- 
 vis, s. Peronler. 
 
 Kurzfliigelig, brachypterus, Brachyptere. 
 
 Kurzsichtiger, s. Myops. 
 
 Kurzsichtigkeit, myopia, Myopie. 
 
 Kutte, cucullus, Capuchon. 
 
 Kuttelfisch, Sepia officinalis, s. Seche* 
 
 Kyanogen, cyanogen, Cyanogene. 
 
 Kyanometer, cyanometer, Cyanometre. 
 
 Kyanose, f., s. Blausucht. 
 
 Kylinderformig, cylindrical, Cylindroide. 
 
 Kynanthropie,cynanthropia,Cynanthropie 
 
 Kystanastrophe, cystanastrophe, Cystan- 
 astrophe. 
 
 Kystoparalyse, cystoparalysis, s. 
 
 Kystoplegie, cystoplegia, Cystoplegie. 
 
 Kystotom, cystotomus, Cystotome. 
 
 Kystospasmus, *. Blasenkrampf. 
 
 Kystostenochorie, cystostenochoria, Cysto- 
 stenochorie. 
 
 L. 
 
 LAN 
 
 Labilanharz, ladanum, Ladanum. 
 Labkraut, Galium, Gaillet. 
 Labkrauter-Familie,Rubiacese,Rubiacees. 
 Labmagen, abomasum, Call let te. 
 Laboratorium, laboratory, Laboratoire. 
 Labyrinth, labyrinth, Labyrinthe. 
 Lachen, n., laughter, Rire. 
 Lachen, sardonisches, sardonic grin, 
 Lachmuskel, musculus risorius Santorini, s. 
 
 Peaucier. 
 
 Lachs, Salmo salar, s. Saumon. 
 Lack, lac, Laque. 
 Lackschildlaus, Coccus laccse, 
 Lacktinktur, geistige, Tinctura Lacca? al- 
 
 coholica, 
 
 Lacktinktur, wasserige, aquosa, 
 
 Lager, Lager, pi., stratum, strata, Couche. 
 Lagerfieber, febris castrensis, s. Fi&vre. 
 Lahmend, paralytic, Paralytique. 
 L'dhmer, m., Lixus paraplecticus, s. Para- 
 
 plegique. 
 
 Lahmung, paralysis, Paralysie. 
 Laich, Leich, ova vel sperma piscium. 
 Lakrizensaft, s. Siissholzwurzelsaft. 
 Lambdaformig, lambdoid, LambdoidaL 
 Lambdaformige Naht, suture, 
 Lambdakismus,lambdacism,Lambdacisme. 
 Lambdanaht, s. Lambdaformige Naht. 
 Lambertsnuss, filbert, 5. Coudrier. 
 Lamm, agnus, Agneau. 
 Lammfleisch, caro agnina, 
 Lamprete, P. marinus, s. Petromyzon. 
 Landkrankheit, s. Epidemic. 
 Landschildkrote, f., tortoise, Tortue. 
 Landvogcl, pi., land-birds, s. Oiseau. 
 Lang, longus, Long. 
 L'dnge, f.,loneitude, Longitude. 
 L'dngenbruch, longit. fracture, s. Fracture. 
 L'dngenspalte des grossen Gehirns, fissura 
 
 longitudinalis cerebri, s. Scissure. 
 
 606 
 
 LAU 
 
 Langer Abzieher des Daumens, Abductor 
 longus pollicis manus, s. Abducieur. 
 
 Langer Anzieher des Schenkels, Adduc- 
 tor longus femoris, s. Adducteur. 
 
 Langer Ausstrecker, Extensor longus, s. 
 Extenseur. 
 
 Langer Beuger, Flexor , s. Flechisseur. 
 
 Langer Halsmuskel, Longus colli,s./>on<7. 
 
 Langer Pfeffer, Piper longum, *. Poivre. 
 
 Langer, Langster Riickenmuskel, s. Riick- 
 gratstrecker. 
 
 Langer Zehenbeuger, Flexor longus digi- 
 torum pedis, s. Flechisseur. 
 
 Langgespitzt, acuminatus, Acumine. 
 
 Langwierig, s. Chronisch. 
 
 Lanzettblattrig, lancifolius, Lancifolie. 
 
 Lanzette, lancet, Lancettc. 
 
 Lanzettformig, lanceolatus, Lance'ole. 
 
 Lanzettlich, same, 
 
 Lappchen, lobule, Lobule. 
 
 Lappen, lobe, Lobe. 
 
 Lappen-Amputation, f., flap-amputation, 
 s. Amputation. 
 
 Lappig, lobatus, Lobe. 
 
 Larve, Larven, pi., larva, Larve. 
 
 Larvenblume, s. Maskenblume. 
 
 Larvenbliithler, Personate, Persondes. 
 
 J^asseisen, phlebotomum, Flamme. 
 
 Ijatwerge, electuary, Electuaire. 
 
 Lau, Lauwarm, adj., tepid, Tiede. 
 
 Lauch, Allium, Ail. 
 
 Lauchgeruch, m., alliaceous odour, 
 
 Lauf, tarsus avium, s. Tarse. 
 
 Laufkafer, Carabus, Carabe. 
 
 Laus, Pediculus, Pou. 
 
 Lausekrankheit, Pedicularis, Pe'diculaire. 
 
 Lausesamen, mexikanischer, sabadilla, Ce- 
 vadille. 
 
 Lausesucht, s. Lausekrankheit. 
 
 Lauwarmes Bad, tepid bath, s. Bain.
 
 LEB 
 
 Lavendel, Lavandula, Lavande. 
 Lavendelblumen, floras Lavandulae, 
 Lavandelol, Oleum Lavandulse, 
 Lavandelspiritus, einfacher, zusammen- 
 
 gesetzter.Sp. simplex, compositus, 
 Laxirend, laxative, Laxatif. 
 Laxirmittel, eccoprotica, s. Eccoprotique. 
 Leben, life, Vie. 
 
 Lebendig-baren, zootocia, Zootocie. 
 Lebendiger Kalk, quicklime, s. Chaux. 
 Lebendiggebarend, viviparus, Vivipare. 
 Lebendiggebarendes Thier, zootocon, s. 
 
 Zootocie. 
 
 Lebensbaum, arbor vitae, s. Arbre. 
 Lebensgeister, m., pi., vital spirits, s. Vital. 
 Lebenskraft, vital power, 
 Lebenslehre, biologic, Biologie. 
 Lebensluft, vital air, s. Oxygene. 
 Lebens-Magnetismus, animal magnetism, 
 
 Zoomagnetisme. 
 
 Lebenswasser, n., aqua vitae, s. Eau. 
 Lebensweise, mode of life, s. Diete. 
 Leber, liver, Foie. 
 
 Leberabscess, hepatapostema, s. Hepatalgie. 
 Leberader, hepatic vein, s. Hepatique. 
 Leberahnlich, liver-like, s. Hepatisation. 
 Leberaloe, Aloe hepatica, s. Aloes. 
 Leberarterie, linke, rechte, arteria he- 
 patica dextra, smistra^s.Hepatique. 
 
 Leberbander, ligam. hepatis, s. Ligament. 
 Leberbeschaaung, inspectio anatomica he- 
 patis, Hepatoscopie. 
 Leberbeschreibung, descriptio anatomica 
 
 , He'patographie. 
 Leber-Blasenkanal, hepato-cystic duct, s. 
 
 Canal, et Hepato-Cystique. 
 Leberblume, A. hepatica, s. Hepatique. 
 Leberbruch, hepatocele, Hepatocele. 
 Lebet-drtisen, ., pi., glandulse hepaticoe, s. 
 
 Hepatique. 
 
 Leberegel, Fasciola hepatica, s. Fascicle. 
 JLeberentziindung, hepatitis, Hepatite. 
 Leberfieber, n., febris hepatica, s. Fievre. 
 Leberfliigel, -lappen, rechter und linker, 
 
 lobus hepatis dexter et sinister, s. Lobe. 
 Leberfluss, hepatorrhoea, Hepatirrhe'e. 
 Lebergallengang, Lebergang,ductus hepa- 
 
 ticus, s. Hepatique. 
 
 Lebergeflecht, n., plexus hepaticus, 
 Lebergeschwiir,hepatelcosis, Hepatelcose. 
 Lieberklette, A. eupatorium, s. Aigremoine. 
 L,eberlappchen,n.,lobulusSpigelii,s.ro6Mfe 
 Leberlappen, s. Leberfliigel. 
 Lebermittel,remediahepatica,s.Hepaitgiie. 
 Lebermoose, Hepaticse, Hepatiques. 
 Leberpulsader, Leberschlagader, arteria 
 
 hepatica, *. Hepatique. 
 Leberschmerz, hepatalgia, Hdpatalgie. 
 Leberschwamm, Boletus hepaticus, s. Bolet. 
 Leberschwindsucht, phthisis hepatica, s. 
 
 Hepatophraxie. 
 Leberspalte, grosse,fissuratransversa, vel 
 
 porta, hepatis, s. Scissure. 
 Lebersteinkrankheit, hepatolithiasis, He- 
 
 patolithiase. 
 
 607 
 
 LEI 
 
 Leberverstopfung, hepatemphraxis, H^- 
 
 patemphraxie. 
 Leberwurm, s. Leberegel. 
 Leblos, apsychus, s. Apsychie. 
 Lecksaft, linctus, Eclegme, Looch. 
 Leder, leather, Cuir. 
 Lederartig, choroid, Choro'ide. 
 Lederhaut, -hautchen, chorion, Chorion. 
 Lederhaut, endopleura, Endoplevre. 
 Leer, jejunus, s. Jejunum. 
 Leerdarm, jejunum, Jejunum. 
 Lefze, labrum, labium, Labre, Levre. 
 Lefzen des Muttermundes, labia orificii 
 
 uteri, s. Levre. , 
 
 Lefzen der weiblichen Schaam, labia pu- 
 
 dendi muliebris, 
 Leguan, Iguana vulgaris, s. Iguaniens. 
 Lehre, doctrina, Doctrine. 
 Lehre von den Krankheiten der Thiere, 
 
 zoonosologia, J2oonosologie. 
 Lehre von den Krankheits-Zufallen,symp- 
 
 tomatology, Symptomatologie. 
 Lehre von den Steinen, *. Lithologie. 
 Lehrsatz, dogma, Dogme. 
 Leib, m., Leiber, pi., s. Korper. 
 Leibarzt, s. Oberarzt. 
 Leibesbeschaff enheit, constitution, Consti- 
 tution. 
 
 Leibesfrucht, foetus, Fcetus. 
 Leibesstellung, situs corporis, Attitude. 
 Leibknollern, borborygmi, Borborygmes. 
 Leiblaus, Pediculus corporis, s. Pou. 
 Leichenartig, cadaverous, Cadave'reux. 
 Leichenb'ffnung, sectio cadaveris, s. Cada- 
 
 verique. 
 
 Leichenschau, s. Nekroscopie. 
 Leichenuntersuchung, same, 
 Leichnam, cadaver, Cadavre. 
 Leichter Schauer, slight shivering, Fris- 
 
 sonnement. 
 
 Leiden, weisses, leucopathia, Leucopathie. 
 Leidenschaft, emotion, a. Affection. 
 Leim, glue, Colle. 
 
 Leimend, agglutinative, Agglutinatif. 
 Leimmittel, agglutinantia, 
 Lein, Linum usitatissimum, s. Lin. 
 Leinmehl, farina seminis Lini, 
 Leinol, oleum seminis , 
 Leinsamen, semen , semina , 
 Lein wande,gezupfte, scraped lint,Charpie. 
 Leiste, helix, Helix. 
 Leiste, innere zweispaltige, s. Anthelix. 
 Leisten, inguen, Aine, s., also, Inguinal. 
 Leistenabscess, m., inguinal abscess, 
 Leistenband, ausseres, s. Poupart'sches. 
 Leistenband, inneres, ligamentum inguin- 
 
 ale internum, s. Inguinal. 
 Leistenbeule, bubo, Bubon. 
 Leistenbruch, bubonocele, Bubonocele. 
 Leistenbrtiste, f., pL, mammae inguinalcs, s. 
 
 Inguinal. 
 
 Leistendriisen, inguinal glands, 
 Leiatengegend, f., inguinal region, _ 
 Leistengrube, f., inguinal fossa, 
 Leistenkanal, m., inguinal canal,
 
 LIN 
 
 JLeistenring, hinterer, innerer, posterior 
 , internal abdominal ring, *. Anneau. 
 
 Leistenring, vorderer, ausserer, anterior 
 , external abdominal ring, 
 
 Leistenschmerz, bubonalgia, Bubonalgie. 
 
 Leiter, scala, Echelle. 
 
 Lenden, loins, Lombes. 
 
 Lendenabscess, lumbar abscess, s. 
 
 Lendenarterien, arteries, s. Lombaire. 
 
 Lendenbruch, m., hernia, Laparocele. 
 
 Lendendrusen, pi., glands, s. Lombaire. 
 
 Lendenffeflecht, n., lumbar plexus, 
 
 Lendengegend, lumbar region, 
 
 Lendenknoten, m., lumbar ganglion, 
 
 Lendenkreuzgeflecht, n., lumbo-sacral gang- 
 lion, s. Lombo-Sacral. 
 
 Lendenmuskel, grosser, Psoas magnus, s. 
 Lombaire. 
 
 Lendenmuskel, kleiner, Psoas parvus, 
 
 Lendenmuskel, viereckiger, Quadratus 
 lumborum, 
 
 Lendenmushelentzundung, f., inflammation 
 of Psoas muscle, P&oite ? 
 
 Lendennerven, lumbar nerves, s. Lombaire. 
 
 Lendenschlagadern, s. Lendenarterien. 
 
 Lendenweh, lumbago, Lumbago. 
 
 Lendenwirbel,lumbarvertebr8e,s.L0rn6aire 
 
 Lerche, Alauda, Alouette. 
 
 Lerchenbaum, Larix, Me'leze. 
 
 Lerchenschwamm,Boletus laricis,s.^anc. 
 
 Leuchtend, luminous, Lumineux. 
 
 Leuchtk'dfer, m., Ijampyris, s. Noctiluque. 
 
 Leucin, Leucine, leucina, Leucine. 
 
 Leukom, leucoma, Leucome. 
 
 Leukophlegmatic, leucophlegmasia, Leu- 
 cophlegmatie. 
 
 Leukophlegmatisch, leucophlegmaticus, 
 Leucophlegmatique. 
 
 Lexikograph,lexicographus,Lexicographe 
 
 Lexikon, lexicon, 
 
 Leyer, Leier, f., lyra, Lyre. 
 
 Licht, light, Lumiere. 
 
 Lichtscheu, photophobia, Photophobie. 
 
 Liebesapfel, S. lycopersicum, s. Morelle. 
 
 Liebesbecker, -trank, philtrum, Philtre. 
 
 Liebesfieber, n., febris erotica, s. Erotique. 
 
 Liebesgenuss, aphrodisiasmus, Aphrodisi- 
 asme. 
 
 Liebeswahnsinn, erotomanic, Erotomanie. 
 
 Liebeswuth, same, 
 
 Lienterie, lienteria, Lienterie. 
 
 Ligatur, f., ligatura, Ligature. 
 
 Lilie, Lilium, Lis. 
 
 Lilie, weisse, Lilium album, 
 
 Lilien, pL, Liliaceae, Liliace'es. 
 
 Lilienformig, liliaceus, Liliace. 
 
 Lilienb'l, oleum Lilii infusum, s. Lis. 
 
 Limonade, lemonade, Limonade. 
 
 Limone, Limonie, lemon, Limon. 
 
 Limonienbaum, Citrus limonium, 
 
 Linde, Lindenbaum, Tilia, TilleuL 
 
 Linde, europaische, T. europoea, 
 
 LindenbKithen, f., pi., flores Tiliae, 
 
 Lindernde, Mittel, s. Palliative. 
 
 Linderung, f., palliation, Palliation. 
 
 608 
 
 LOF 
 
 Linie, Linien, pL, line, Ligne. 
 Linie, rauhe, linea aspera femoris, 
 Linie, ungenannte, linea innominata, 
 Linie, weisse, linea alba abdominis, 
 Linienformig, Linealisch, linear, Lineaire. 
 Linke Schliisselbeinschlagader, f'., arteria 
 
 subclavia sinistra, . Sous-Clavier. 
 Linker Herzkammer, ventriculus cordis 
 
 sinister, s. Ventricle. 
 Linker s. Oberer Magenmund. 
 I^inse, lentil, Lentille. 
 Linsendrusen, pi., lent, glands,.?.!,? nticulaire. 
 Linsenformig, lenticular, Lenticulaire. 
 
 Linsenformige Warzchen, papillae, 
 
 Linsenglas, lens, Lentille. 
 Linsenkapsel, capsula lentis, *. Capsule. 
 I^insenkern, nucleus capsulae ,s. Noyau. 
 Linsenknochelchen, n., os lenticulare, vel 
 
 orbiculare, *. Lmticulare. 
 Linsenstaar, s. Grauer Staar. 
 Lippe, Lippen, pi., lip, Levre. 
 Lippen s.Lefzen d. weiblichen Schaam. 
 Lippenabscess, m., labial abscess, s. Labial. 
 Lippenbandchen, n., frenulum labiorum, 
 Lippenbildung, kunstliche, formation of arti- 
 ficial lips, Cheiloplastique. 
 Lippenbluthler, pi., l^biatae, Labiees. 
 Lippenblutung, labial haemorrhage, Cheil- 
 
 orrhagie. 
 
 Lippenbuchstaben, consonants, s. Labial. 
 Lippendriisen, labial glands, 
 Lippenentziindung, cheilitis, Cheilite. 
 Lippenfiihlspitzen, labial palpi, s. Labial. 
 Lippengeschwullst, bdematose, cheilophy- 
 
 ma, Cheilophyme. 
 
 Lippengeschw., harte, cheiloncus,Cheilon. 
 Lippenkrebs, cheilocarcinoma, Che'ilocar- 
 
 cinome. 
 
 Lippenpomade, f., lip-salve, s. Pommade. 
 Lippenschlagader, arteria labialis,s.Lafc/. 
 I^ippenschmerz, cheilalgia, Che'ilalgie. 
 Lippig, labiate, Labie. 
 Liquidambar, s. Fliissiger Storax. 
 Liquor, liquor, Liqueur. 
 Lispeln, lisping, Blesite'. 
 Lilnologie, lithologia, Lithologie. 
 Lithotom, lithotomus, Lithotome. 
 Lobelie, Lobelia, Lobe'lie. 
 Lobelie, heilsame, Lobelia syphilitica, , 
 Lobelienteurzel, f., radix Lobelias, 
 Loch, Locher, pi., orifice, hole, Orifice. 
 Loch, eirundes, s. Botallisches Loch. 
 Loch s. Fenster eirundes, rundes. 
 Lochienfluss, s. Kindbettreinigung. 
 Lbtfelformig, adj., spoon-shaped, Cochle'- 
 
 ariforme. 
 
 LofFelkraut, Cochlearia, Cranson. 
 LofFelkraut, gemeines, C. officinalis, 
 LofFelkrautconserve, Cons. Cochleariee, 
 JLoffelkrautextract, Extractum , 
 LofFelkrautgeist, Spiritus , 
 Loffelkrautol, Oleum , 
 LofFelkraut wasser, Aqua . 
 Loffelkresse, s. LofFelkraut. 
 LofFelreiher, Platalea, Spatule.
 
 LUF 
 
 Loheiche, Quercus robur, *. Chtne. 
 Lolch, Lolium, Ivraie. 
 Lorbeer, Lorbeerbaum, Laurus, Laurier. 
 Lorbeerbeeren, baccre .Laiiri, 
 Lorbeerblatter, folia Lauri, 
 Lorbeerkirsche, s. Kirschlorbeere. 
 Lorbeerol, Oleum Lauri, s. Laurier. 
 Losbar, Loslich, soluble, Soluble. 
 Losbarkeit, solubility, Solubilite. 
 Loser, m., s. Blattermagen. 
 Lb'slichkeit, s. Losbarkeit. 
 Losung, solution, Solution. 
 Lowenzahn, Leontodon, Pissen-lit. 
 LbwenzahnextractjExtractumTaraxaci 
 Lowenzahnsaft, ausgepresster, Succus ex- 
 
 pressus, 
 
 Liicke, lacuna, Diasteme, Lacune. 
 Luft, air, Air. 
 
 Luft, atmospharische, atmospheric , 
 Luftartig, aeriform, Aeriforme. 
 Luftbad, n., air-bath, s. Bain. ' 
 Luftbauch, physoccelia, Physoce'lie. 
 Luftbeschreibung, aerography, Adrogra- 
 
 phie. 
 
 Luftbldschen, n., air-vesicle, s. Vesicule. 
 Luftblase, f., air-bladder, 
 Luflbrust, pneu.-thorax, Pneumo-Thorax. 
 Liiftchen, Lufthauch, aura, Aura. 
 Luftdicktigkeitsmesser, s. Luftmesser. 
 Lufterscheinung, meteor, Me'te'ore. 
 Luflerscheinungslehre, s. Meteorologie. 
 Luftfiihrend, aeriferous, Ae'rifere. 
 Luftgefasse, air-vessels, s. Trachee. 
 Luftgeschwulst, s. Windgeschwullst. 
 Luftig, aerial, Ae'rien. 
 Luftkraftlehre, s. Aerodynamik. 
 LufLleer, adj., deprived o'f air, s. 
 Luftleere Magnesia, calcined magnesia, s. 
 
 Magnesie. 
 
 Luftleerer Kalk, burnt lime, *. Chaux. 
 Luftlehre, aerology, Aerologie. 
 Luftloch, Luftlocher, pi., stigma, Stigmate. 
 Luftmesser, aerometer, Aerometre. 
 Luftmesskunst, aerometry, Aerom^trie. 
 Luftrohre, trachea, Trachee-Artere. 
 Lnftrohren, tracheae, s. Trachee. 
 Luftrohrenaste, s. Bronchien. 
 LuftrGhrenblutadern, venae bronchiales, *. 
 
 Bronchial. 
 Luftrohrenblutfluss, tracheorrhagia, Tra- 
 
 chdorrhagie. 
 Luftrohretibruch, bronchial or tracheal 
 
 rupture, Bronchocele. 
 Luftrohrendeckel, s. Kehldeckel. 
 Luftrohrendrusen, s. Bronchialdrlisen. 
 Luftrohrenentziindung, tracheitis, Tra- 
 
 cheite. 
 
 Luftrohrenkopf, larynx, Larynx. 
 Luftr6hrenkopfentziindung,laryngitis,La- 
 
 ryngite. 
 Luftr'6hrennerven,Ta.,f\., bronchial nerves, 
 
 . Bronchial. 
 
 Luftrohrenschlagadern, bronch. arteries, 
 Luftrohrenschnitt, bronchotomy, tracheo- 
 tomy, Bronchotomie, Tracheotomie. 
 
 009 
 
 LUN 
 
 Luflr6hrenschwindsucht,phthisisbronchi- 
 alis et trachealis,s.BroncAiai,et Tracheal. 
 
 Luftrohrenspalte, rima glottidis, *. Glotle. 
 
 Luftsaure, s. Kohlensaure. 
 
 Luflsaure s. Kohlensaure Salze. 
 
 1 .uftscheu, s. Aerophobie. 
 
 Luftstein, s. Aerolith. 
 
 Luftwarze, f., Luftwarzen, pi., s. Luftloch. 
 
 Luftwege, m., pi., air-passages, s. Vote. 
 
 Luftzelle^ f., -zellen, pL, air-cell, s. Cellule. 
 
 Lunge, lung, Poumon. 
 
 Lungen, lungs, Poumons. 
 
 Lungenabscess, vomica, Vomique. 
 
 Lungenadern, -blutadern, s. Lungenvenen. 
 
 Lungenarterie, s. Lungenschlagader; 
 
 Lungenbeschreibung, f., pneumographia, 
 Pneumographie. 
 
 Lungenbliischen, n., pulmonary vesicle, *. 
 Vesicle. 
 
 Lungenblutfluss, pneumorrhagia, Pneu- 
 morrhagie. 
 
 Lungenbruch, pneumocele, Pneumocele. 
 
 I^ungenentziindung, nia, Pneumonic. 
 
 Lungenentziindung, achte, vera, pneu- 
 monitis, Pneumonite, *., also, Falsche. 
 
 Lungengej asse, n., pL, pulmonary vessels, 
 s. Pulmonaire. 
 
 J..ungengerlecht, pulmonary plexus, 
 
 Lungengeschwiir, n., s. Lungenabscess. 
 
 Lungenhaut, pulmonary pleura, s. Pulmo- 
 naire. 
 
 Lungenherz, pulmonary heart, 
 
 Lungenherzkammer, pulmonary ventri- 
 cle, . Ventricule. 
 
 Lungenkraut, Pulmonaria, Pulmonaire. 
 
 Lungenkraut, officinelles, P. officinalis, 
 
 Lungenkreislauf, m., lesser or pulmonary 
 circulation, s. Circulation. 
 
 I. ungenlappchen, n . , lobu le of lung, . Lobule. 
 
 Lungenlappen, m., lobe of , s. Lobe. 
 
 Lungenlehre, f .,pneumology, Pneumologie. 
 
 Lungenmagennerv, pneumogastric nerve, 
 s. Pneumo-Gastrique. 
 
 Lungenmarkschwamm, m., fungus medulla- 
 ris pulmonum, s. Encephaldides. 
 
 Lungenmittel, pulmonary remedies, *. 
 Pneumonique. 
 
 Lungennerven, veins, s. Pulmonaire. 
 
 1 mngenprobe, docimasia pulmonum, s. Do- 
 cimasie. 
 
 Lungenpulsader, Lungenschlagader, pul- 
 monary artery, $. Pulmonaire. 
 
 Lungenschlagfluss, apoplexy, 
 
 Lungen schmerz, pneumonalgia, Pneumo- 
 nalgie. 
 
 Lungenschnitt, tomia, Pneumotomie. 
 
 Lungenschwindsucht,pulmonary phthisis, 
 Pneumophthod. 
 
 Lungenspeckgfschtvulst, f., steatoma pul- 
 monum, s. Steatome. 
 
 Lungensiein, m., pulmonary concretion, *. 
 
 Lungensteinbildung, formation of , 
 Pneumolithiase. 
 
 Lungensucht, *. Lungenschwindsucht. 
 
 Lungensiichtig, pulmonic, Pulmonique. 
 
 2U
 
 LUX 
 
 Lungentuberkel, pulmonary tubercle, *. 
 
 Tubercule. 
 
 Lungenvenen, pi., veins, s. Pulmonaire. 
 Lungenvenensack, sinus venarum pulmo- 
 
 nalium, s. Sinus. 
 
 Lungenverhartung, f., induration of lung, s. 
 Lungenverhartung,scirrhbse,pneumo-scir- 
 
 rhus, s. Pneumorrhagie. 
 Lungenverstopfung, pneumonemphraxis, 
 
 Pneumemphraxie. 
 Lungenwassersucht,hydropneumonia,Hy- 
 
 dropneumonie. 
 
 Lungenwurzel, f., root of lung, s. Racine. 
 Lungenzelle, f., Lungenzellen, pi., pulmona- 
 ry cell, s. Cellule. 
 Lungenzellgewebe, f., cellular structure of 
 
 lung, s. Cellulaire. 
 Lupin, Lupinus, Lupin. 
 Lustseuch, syphilis, Syphilis. 
 Lustseuchenwuth, mania, Syphilomanie. 
 Lutum, lutum, Lute. 
 Luxiren, exarthrema, Exarthreme. 
 
 LYM 
 
 LymphabscesS) lymphatic abscess, *. A bees. 
 Lymphahnlicher Durchfall, lymphatic di- 
 arrhoea, Lymphochezie. 
 Lymphatisch, lymphatic, Lymphatique. 
 Lymphatische Gefasse, vessels, 
 Lymphdrusen, f., pi., glands, 
 Lymphe, lymph, Lymphe. 
 Lymphgef'dssbeschreibuny, f., angeiohydro- 
 
 graphia, Angeiohydrographie. 
 Lymphgefasse, *. Lymphatische Gefasse. 
 Lymphgefasserweiterung, lympheurys- 
 
 ma, Lympheurysme. 
 Lymphgefassfieber, n., lymphatic fever, s. 
 
 Lymphangiite. 
 Lymphgefdsslehre,f. } angeiohydrologia,An- 
 
 geiohydrologie. 
 Lymphgefasssyslem, n., lymphatic system, 
 
 s. Lymphatique. 
 Lymphgef'dsszergliederung, f., angeiohydro- 
 
 tomia, Ang^iohydrotomie. 
 Lymphknoten, m., lymphatic ganglion, . 
 
 Lymphatique. 
 
 M. 
 
 MAG 
 
 MAG 
 
 Magen, stomach, Estomac. 
 Magenabscess, m., gastric abscess, s. Abces. 
 Magenadern, Magenblutadern, gastric 
 
 veins, *. Gastrique. 
 Magenarterien, gastric arteries, 
 Magenarzneien, s. Magenmittel. 
 Magenblutung, gastrorrhagia, Gastrorrha- 
 
 gie. 
 
 Magenbrei, s. Speisebrei. 
 Magenbrennen, *. Sodbrennen. 
 Magenbruch, gastrocele, Gastrocele. 
 Magenbiirste, stomach-brush, s. Excussion. 
 Magendriicken,n . , oppression,*. Gastrique. 
 Magendriise, grosse, pancreas, Pancreas. 
 Magendurchlocherung, f., perforation of the 
 
 stomach, Gastrobrose. 
 Magenentziindung, gastritis, Gastrite. 
 Magenfieber, n., gastric fever, s. Gastrique. 
 Magengefasse, gastric vessels, 
 Magengeflechte, n., pi., plexus gastrici, 
 Magengrimmdarmnetz,gastro-colicomen- 
 
 tum, s. Gastro-Colique. 
 Magenhaut, f., Magenhdute, pi., gastric 
 
 membranes, s. Gastrique. 
 Mageninfarct, gastric obstruction, s. Gas- 
 
 terangidmphraxie. 
 
 JMagenkrampf, m., spasm, s. Gastrique. 
 Magenkrankheit, disease, Gastropathie. 
 Magenkrankheiten, pi. ,Gastroses, s. Gastrose. 
 Magenkranzarterie,rechte untere, art. cor. 
 
 ventriculi dextra inferior, s. Coronaire. 
 Magenkranzgeflecht, n., plexus coronarius 
 
 ventriculi, s. Gastrique. 
 Magenkranzschlagader, arteria coronaria 
 
 ventriculi, s. Coronaire. 
 Magenkrebs, m., cancer , s. Carcinome. 
 Magenlebernetz, omen turn gastro-hepati- 
 
 cum, *. Ga*tro-Hepatique. 
 
 CIO 
 
 Magenleberschlagader, arteria gastro-he- 
 patica, s. Gastro-Hepatiqiie. 
 
 Magenleiden, s. Magenkrankheit. 
 
 Magenmittel, stomachics, s. Stomacal. 
 
 Magenmuncl, oberer, superior cardiac 
 orifice of stomach, Cardia. 
 
 Magenmund,unterer,inferior ,Pylore. 
 
 Magennetzdrusen, f., pi., gastro-epiploic 
 glands, s. Gastro-Epipldique. 
 
 Magennetznerven, m., pi., nerves, 
 
 Magennetzschlagader, linke, rechte, 
 left , right gastro-epiploic artery, 
 
 Magennetzvenen, f., pi., veins, 
 
 Magenpflaster, n., stomach-plaster, s. Gas- 
 trique. 
 
 Magenruhr, s. Lienterie. 
 
 Magensaft, succus gastricus, *. Gastrique. 
 
 Magenschlagader, arteria gastrica, 
 
 Magenschteimhaut, f., mucous membrane 
 of stomach, s. Muqueux. 
 
 Magenschmerz, gastric , stomach-pain, 
 Gasteralgie, Stomacalgie. 
 
 Magenschwindsucht, phthisis, s. Phthisie. 
 
 Magenspritze, f., stomach-syringe. 
 
 Magenstein, m., concretion, Gastrolite ? 
 
 Magenzipfel, reticulum, Bonnet. 
 
 Mayenzwolffingerdarinenlzundung, f., gas- 
 troduodenitis, Gastro-Duod^nite. 
 
 Magenzwb'lffingerdarmschlagader, gastro- 
 duodenal artery, s. Gastro-Duodenal. 
 
 Magnesia, magnesia, Magndsie. 
 
 Magnesiakiigelchen, Tabellae de Magne- 
 sia, 
 
 Magnesium, magnesium, Magnesium. 
 
 Magnesiumoxyd, oxyde of magnesium, *. 
 Magnisie. 
 
 Magnesium-, Magniumoxyd, schwefel- 
 saures, sulphate of magnesia,
 
 MAN 
 
 Magnet, Magneten, pi., magnet, *. 
 Magnetisch, magnetic, Magne"tique. 
 
 Magnetismus, magnetism, Magnetisme. 
 
 Magnetnadel, magnetic needle, s. Aiguille. 
 
 Magnetometer, ometer, Magne'tometre. 
 
 Magnolie, f., Magnolia, Magnolie. 
 
 Mahlercolik, s. Bleicolik. 
 
 Mahlergold, aurum mosaicum, s. Or. 
 
 Mahne, mane, Criniere. 
 
 Mahoganibaum, Swietenia, Mahogan. 
 
 Maiblume, Convallaria, Mviguet. 
 
 Maiblume, gemeine, C, maialis, 
 
 Maiblumenessig, Acetum Convallarise, 
 
 Mais, Mays, Zea, Mais. 
 
 Maiwurmkafer, Meloe, Meloe. 
 
 Majoran, Origanum, Origan. 
 
 Mak robiotik, macrobiotics, Macrobiotique. 
 
 Malpigisches Netz, corpus mucosum vel 
 reticulare, s. Corps. 
 
 Malz, malt, Dreche. 
 
 Malztrank, malt-liquor, 
 
 Mandel, amygdala, Amande. 
 
 Mandel des kleinen Gehirns, tonsilla cere- 
 belli, s. Cervelet, et Noyau. 
 
 Mandel im Halse, s. Halsmandel. 
 
 Mandelartig, amygdaline, Amygdalin. 
 
 Mandelbaum, Amydalus, Amandier. 
 
 Mandelbraune, angina tonsillaris, *. 
 
 Mandelentziindung, antiaditis, Antiadite. 
 
 Mandelgeschwullst, oncus, Antiadonce. 
 
 Mandelmilch, lac amygdalae, s. Emulsion. 
 
 Mandelol, oleum , s. Amygdalin. 
 
 Mandelseife, pasta, vel sapo , 
 
 Mandelsyrup, m., Syrupus , 
 
 Mandragora, A. mandragora, Mandragore. 
 
 Mangan, Manganes, s. Braunstein. 
 
 Manganoxyd, s. Braunsteinoxyd. 
 
 Mangold, Beta, Bette. 
 
 Mangoldkraut, B. vulgaris, 
 
 Manie, mania, Manie. 
 
 Manihot, Manioc, J. manihot, Manioc. 
 
 Manna, manna, Manne. 
 
 Manna, gereinigte, depurata, 
 
 Manna in Kornern, in lacrymis, 
 
 Manna in Rohren, canellata, 
 
 Mannaasche, f,, F. ornus, et rotundifolia, 
 
 Mannastoff, -zucker, mannita, Mannite. 
 
 Mannbares Alter, s. 
 
 Mannbarkheit, puberty, Puberte". 
 
 Mannerscheu, androphobia, Androphobie. 
 
 Mannigfalt, n., manyplies, Omasum. 
 
 Mannlich, adj., male, Male, 
 
 Mannliche Bliithe, flos masculus, 
 
 Mannliche Geschlechtsorgane, organa sex- 
 us masculi, 
 
 Mannliche Hoden, pi., testes masculi, 
 
 Mannliches Farrnkraut, Aspidium Poly- 
 podium filix mas, *. Fougere. 
 
 Mannliches Geschlecht, male sex, s. Male. 
 
 MannlichesGlied, membrum virile, Verge. 
 
 Mannliches Unvermogen, anandria, An- 
 andrie. 
 
 Mannlos, adj., anandrus, Anandre. 
 
 Mannlose PJtanzen, pl.,plantaeanandrse, 
 
 Mannlosigkeit, f., anandria, Anandrie. 
 
 611 
 
 MAS 
 
 Mannstreu, Eryngium, Panicaut. 
 Mannstreu, stinkende, E. fcetidum, 
 Manntollheit, andromania, Andromar.ie. 
 Mannweib, s. Hermaphrodit. 
 Mannweiblich, androgynus, Androgyne. 
 Mantel, mantle, Manteau. 
 Marasmus, marasmus, Marasme. 
 Margarinfett, margarina, Margarine. 
 Margarinsaure, margaric &cid,s.Margarale. 
 Margarinsaure Salze, margarates, 
 Marienkafer, kuh,Coccinella,Coccinelle. 
 Mark, medulla, Moelle, Me'dulle. 
 Mark im Hirne, cerebri, s. Medullaire. 
 Mark der Hirnschale, diploe, s. Moelle* 
 Markasit, s. Bismuth. 
 Markentziindung, myelitis, Myelite. 
 Markgef'asse, pi., medullary vessels, s. Me- 
 
 dullaire. 
 
 Markhaut s. Netzhaut im Auge. 
 Markig, medullary, Medullaire. 
 Markknopf, s. Markzwiebel. 
 Markknopfschenkel, m., pi., crura cerebelli 
 
 ad medullam oblongatam, s. Pedoncule. 
 Markkiigelchen, s.Warzenf ormige Korper. 
 Marksaft, succus medullaris, *. Medullaire. 
 Markschwamm, m., fungus medullaris, 
 Marksegel, hinteres, velum medullare 
 
 posterius, s. Voile. 
 
 Marksegel, vorderes, anterius, 
 
 Marksubstanz, f., substantia medullaris, t. 
 
 Medullaire. 
 
 Markzapfen, m., conus medullaris, 
 Markzwiebel, bulbus rhachidicus, s.Moelle. 
 Marmor, marble, Marbre. 
 Marmortisch, marble-slab, 
 Mfirscfifieber, n., marsh-fever, s. Marais. 
 Marzviole, V. odorata, *. Violette. 
 Maschine, machine, Machine. 
 Masern, Itubeola, Eougeole. 
 Masernkrankheit, f., same, 
 Maske, mask, Masque. 
 Maskenblume, personate corolla,.*. Persons'. 
 Mastdarm, rectum, Rectum. 
 Mastdarmblutadern, f., pi., haemorrhoidal 
 
 veins, s. Hemorrho'idal. 
 Mastdarmblutgefasse, vessels, 
 JUastdarmbruch,Tn., hernia recti, Archocele. 
 Mastdarmentziindung, rectitis, Rectite. 
 Mastdarmfistel, fistula ani, Archosyrinx. 
 Mastdarmgeflecht^n., haemorrhoidal plexus, 
 
 s. Hemorrho'idal. 
 
 Mastdarmgekrose, rectum, Mesorectum. 
 Mastdarmheber, *. Afterheber. 
 Mastdarmnerven, m., pi., nervi hacmor- 
 
 rhoidales, s. Hemorrho'idal. 
 M astdarmoffhung, f., s. After. 
 Mastdarmschlagadern, haemorrhoidal art- 
 eries, s. Hemorrho'idal. 
 Mastdarmverengerung, st. ani, s. Stricture. 
 Mastdarmvorfall, prolapsus ,Archoptose. 
 Mastix, mastix, Mastic. 
 Mastixbaum, *. Mastixpistachie. 
 Mastixgeist, einfacher, zusammenges- 
 
 etzter, Spiritus Mastiches simplex, 
 
 compositus, s. Mastic.
 
 MEE 
 
 Mastixpistachie, P. lentiscus, *. Plttache. 
 
 Mastwurm, m., s. After wurra. 
 
 Matt, dull, Mat. 
 
 Mattigkeit, weariness, Abattenient. 
 
 Maulbeerbaum, Morus, Murier. 
 
 Maulbeere, fructus Mori, Mure. 
 
 Maulbeerfb'rmig, moriform, Moriforme. 
 
 Maulbeergewachs, n., tumor rnoriformis, 
 
 Maulbeerholzsaure, raoric acid, s. Morale. 
 
 Maulbeerraupe, ., Maulbeerspinner, m., ca- 
 terpillar of Bombyx mori, s. Murier, 
 
 Maulesel, mule, Mulet. 
 
 Maulwurf, Talpa, Taupe. 
 
 Maulwurfgeschwullst, talpa, 
 
 Maus, Mus, Souris. 
 
 Mausdorn, Ruscus, Fragon. 
 
 Mausdorn, stachliger, K. aculeatus, 
 
 Mauseschwanzenartig, myurus, Myure. 
 
 Maxillarfiihlspitzen, maxillary palpi, s. 
 Maxillaire. 
 
 Maxillarknochen, maxillary bones, 
 
 Mechoacanne,C.mechoacanna,Mechoacan. 
 
 Meckelscher-,s.Keilbeingaumen knoten. 
 
 MeckerndeStimme,segophonia,Egophonie. 
 
 Medianadern, median veins, s. Median. 
 
 Medianlinie, median line, s. Ligne. 
 
 Medicinish, medical, Medical. 
 
 Medicinisch, medicinal, Medicinal. 
 
 Medicinischer Bissen, bolus, Bol. 
 
 Medinawurm, F. medinensis, s. Filaire. 
 
 Medium, medium, Milieu. 
 
 Medultarcarcinom, n., medullary carcino- 
 ma, s. Medullaire. 
 
 Medullarschwamm, s. Markschwamm. 
 
 Meduse, Medusen, pi., Medusa, Meduse. 
 
 Meer, sea, Mer. 
 
 Meeraal, Conger, Congre. 
 
 Meeradler, Raia aquila, s. Algle. 
 
 Meeranemone, Actinia, Actinie. 
 
 Meereichel, m., Balanus, Balane. 
 
 Meerfenchel, Crithmum, Bacile. 
 
 Meergras, Alga, Algue. 
 
 Meergriin, glaucus, Glauque. 
 
 Meerigel, m., Echinus, Oursin. 
 
 Meerigel, gemeine, essbare, Echinus 
 vulgaris, esculentus, 
 
 Meerkrebs, Astacus marinus, Homard. 
 
 Meerrettig, C. armoracia, 3. Cranson. 
 
 Meersalz, s. Gemeines Salz. 
 
 Meersalzsaure, s. Salzsaure. 
 
 Meerschildkrote, Chelonia, Chelonee. 
 
 Meerschildkrote, griine, C. midas, 
 
 Meerschwamm,m.,spongiamarina,s.Eponge. 
 
 Meerschwammkohle, f., spongia usta, 
 
 Meerwinde, f., C. soldanella, s. Liscron. 
 
 Meerzahn, m., s. Dentalie. 
 
 Meerzunge, Solea vulgaris, s. Pleuronecte. 
 
 Meerzwiebel, Scilla maritima, s. Scille. 
 
 Meerzwiebelessig, Acetum Scillae, 
 
 Meerzwiebelextract, Extractum , 
 
 Meerzwiebelpulver, zusammengesetztes, 
 Pulvis Scillae compositus, 
 
 Meerzwiebelsalbe, Unguentum Scilla?, 
 
 Meerzwiebelsauerhonig, Oxymel , 
 
 Meerzwiebelstoff, scillitina, Scillitine. 
 
 612 
 
 MES 
 
 Meerzwiebeltinctur, Tinct. Sc\]\x,s,Scille. 
 
 Meerzwiebelwein, Vinum Scillae, 
 
 Meerzwiebel wurzel, radix Scillse, 
 
 Megerkraut, Asperula, Asperule. 
 
 Menl, farina, Farine. 
 
 Mehlblume, Primula farinosa, s. Farincux. 
 
 Mehlfleck, m., 5. Aussatz, weisse. 
 
 Mehlflilgelicht, adj., lepidopterous, Lepid- 
 optere. 
 
 Mehlfliigelichte Insekten, Lepidoptera, 
 
 Mehlhund, aphtha, Aphthe. 
 
 Mehlig, farinosus, Farineux. 
 
 Mehlwurzel, f., s. Manihot. 
 
 Meibomische Talgdriisen, glandulse cili- 
 ares, s. Ciliaire. 
 
 Meisel, Messel, turunda, Tente. 
 
 Meissel, scalprum, Ciseau. 
 
 Meisterwurz, Imperatoria, Imperatoire. 
 
 Mekonsaure, meconic acid, s. Meconate. 
 
 Mekonsaure Salze, meconates, 
 
 Melancholic, melancholia, Melancholic. 
 
 Melancholisch, cholic, Me"lancholique. 
 
 MelancholischesTemperament,melancho- 
 lic temperament, 
 
 Melanose, melanosis, Me'lanose. 
 
 Melisse, Melissa, Melisse. 
 
 Melone, Cucumis melo, 3. Concombre. 
 
 Melone, melon, Melon. 
 
 Meloncndistel, m., Cactus, Cactier. 
 
 Melonenkurbiss,m., C. melopepo, s. Courge. 
 
 Membrane, membrana, Membrane. 
 
 Menispermsaure, menispermic acid,s. Mt- 
 nispermate. 
 
 Menispermsaure Salze, menispermates, . 
 
 Mensch, Man, Homme. 
 
 Menschenblattern, s. Menschenpocke. 
 
 Menschenfressend, andro , anthropopha- 
 gous, Androphage, Anthropophage. 
 
 Menschenfresser, cannibal, man-eater, 
 
 Menschenfresserie, s. Anthropophagie. 
 
 Menschengestaltungslehre, f., anthropomor- 
 phologia, Anthropomorphologie. 
 
 Menschenhass.misanthropy .Misanthropic. 
 
 Menschenheilkunde, f., s. Anthroponoso- 
 logie. 
 
 Menschenpocke, variola, Variole. 
 
 Menschenscheu, s. Mannerscheu. 
 
 Menschenzergliederer, s. Anthropotom. 
 
 MenschenzergliederungjS.Anthropotomie. 
 
 Menschenzergliederungskunde,art of dissect- 
 ing the human body, s. Anthropotomie. 
 
 Menschlich, adj., human, Humaine. 
 
 Menschlicher Kbrper, body, s. Corps. 
 
 Menstruation, menstruatio, Menstruation. 
 
 Mentalarterie, art. mentalis, s. Menlonnier. 
 
 Menyanthin, menyanthina, Me'nyanthine. 
 
 Mercur, Mercurius, s. Merkur. 
 
 Merkmal, character, Caractere. 
 
 Merkur, mercury, Mercure. 
 
 Merkurialisch, mercurial, Mercuriel. 
 
 Merkurial-, *. Quecksilberkrankheit. 
 
 Merykologie, merycologia, Merycologie. 
 
 Mesenterium, mesentery, Me'sentere. 
 
 J/e*wimsmM5,m.,mesmerism,Mesmerisnie. 
 
 Messer, knife, Couteau.
 
 MIL 
 
 Messer, gebogenes, ancylotomus, Ankylo- 
 
 tome. 
 
 Messer, gerades, straight knife,*. Couteau. 
 Messer, verborgenes, Bistouri cache. 
 Messer, zweischneidiges, two-edged knife, 
 
 5. Couteau. 
 Messerjormig, adj., knife-shaped, Cultri- 
 
 forme. 
 
 Messerscheide, Solen, Solen. 
 Messerschliickend,cultrivorus,Cultrivore. 
 Metal, metal, Metal. 
 Melallahnlich, adj., metalloid, Metalloide. 
 Metallahnlicher KiJrper, body, 
 Metallbereitung, s. Metallurgie. 
 Metallbeschreibung, f., metallography, Me'- 
 
 tallographie. 
 
 Metallhaltend, metalliferus, Me'tallifere. 
 Metallisch, metallic, Metallique. 
 Metallurg, metallurgist, s. 
 Metallurgie, metallurgy, Metallurgie. 
 Metallurgisch,metallurgic,Metallurgique. 
 Metamorphose, -phosis, Metamorphose. 
 Metaphysik, metaphysics, Metaphysique. 
 Metaphysiker, physician, Metaphysicien. 
 Metaphysisch, physical, Metaphysique. 
 Metastase, metastasis, Metastase. 
 Metastatisch, metastatic, Me'tastatique. 
 Meteorisch, meteoric, Mete'orique. 
 Meteorismus, meteorism, Meteorisme. 
 Meteorolog, meteorologist, Mete"orologue. 
 Meteorologie, meteorology, Meteorologie. 
 Meteorologisch, logic, Mdteorologique. 
 Meteorstein, s. Aerolith. 
 Meth, mead, s. Hydromel. 
 Methode, method, Methode. 
 Methodisch, methodical, Methodique. 
 Methodisten, ici medici, Mdthodistes. 
 Mexicanischer Lausesamen, sabadilla, Ce- 
 
 vadille. 
 
 Miasma, miasm, Miasme. 
 Miasmatisch, miasmatic, Miasmatique. 
 Miesrnuschel, essbare, gemeine, Myti- 
 
 lus edulis, communis, s. Moule. 
 Mikroscop, microscopium, Microscope. 
 Mikroskopisch,microscopic,Microscopique. 
 Mikroskopischer Gegenstand, object, 
 Mikrosphyxie,microsphyxia,Microsphyxie 
 Milbe, Acarus, Acare. 
 Milch, milk, Lait. 
 Milch, abgerahmte, skim-milk, 
 Milchabsonderung, galactosis, Galactose. 
 Milchahnlich, -artig, milk-like, Lactescent. 
 Milchausfliessen, irrhoea, Galactirrhee. 
 Milchbart, s. Milchhaare. 
 Milchbereitung, galactopoiesis, Galacto- 
 
 poiese. 
 
 Milchblume, s. Kreuzblume. 
 Milchborke, f., s. Milchschorf. 
 Milchbrustgang, s. Brustgang. 
 Milchdiat, t'., milk-diet, s. Diele. 
 Milchdrinken, galactoposia, Galactoposie. 
 Milchdruse, mammary gland,*. Mammaire. 
 Milchdriisen, s. Mutterdriisen. 
 Milchdriisenschlagadern, f., pi., mammary 
 
 arteries, s. Mammaire. 
 
 613 
 
 MIL 
 
 Milchenthaltend, s. Milchfuhrend. 
 Milchfieber, galactopyra, Galactopyre. 
 Milchfistel, f., mammary fistula, s. Fistule. 
 Milchf'ressend, phagus, Galactophage. 
 Milchfuhrend, lactiferous, Lactifere. 
 Milchffdnffe, m., pi., ductus lactiferi, 
 Milchgebend, milk-yielding, Lactescent. 
 Milchgefasse, lacteal vessels, *. Lade. 
 Milchgiitemesser, s. Milchmesser. 
 Milchhaare, down of the chin, Duvet. 
 Milchhaltig, galactophorus, Galactophore. 
 Milchharnen, galacturia, Galacturie. 
 Milchig, milky, Lacte. 
 Milchmachend, adj., galactopoietic x Galac- 
 
 topoietique. 
 
 Milchmachende Mittel, galactopoietica, 
 Milchmangel, agalactia, Agalactie. 
 Milchmesser, galactometer, Galactometre. 
 Milchmesskunst, metria, Galactometrie. 
 Milchnahrung, milk-diet, s. Galactoposie. 
 Milchpriifer, *. Milchmesser. 
 Milchrahm, cream, Creme. 
 Milchrbhrchen, n., pi., tubuli lactiferi, . 
 
 Galactophore. 
 
 Milchruhr, f.,fluxus cosliacus, s. Cceliaque- 
 Milchsaft, chyle, Chyle. 
 Milchsaflbehalter, m., receptaculum chyli, 
 
 s. Reservoir. 
 
 Milchsaure, lactic acid, *. Lactate. 
 Michsaure Salze, lactates, 
 Milchschorf, crusta lactea, s. Croule. 
 Milchspeise, milk-food, Laitance. 
 Milchsuppe, jusculum lactis, *. Lait. 
 Milchiiberfluss, plerosis, Galactople'rose. 
 Milchverhaltung, retention of the milk, t. 
 
 Retention. 
 Milchversetzung, metastasis , Galac- 
 
 toplanie. 
 
 Milchwasser, n., serum lactis, Petit-Lait. 
 Milchwurz, f., P. vulgaris, *. Polygala. 
 Milchzahn, milk-tooth, s. Dent. 
 Milchzucker, sugar of milk, s. Lait. 
 Milchzuckersaure, s. Schleimsaure. 
 Milder Sublimat, s. Mildes Chlorinqueck- 
 
 silber. 
 Mildernde Mittel, remedia epicerastica, s. 
 
 Epicerastique. 
 Mildes Chlorinquecksilber, protochloride 
 
 of quicksilver, s. Chlorure. 
 Mildes Kali, Natron, sub-carbonate of 
 
 potass, of soda, s. Carbonate. 
 Miligras, Milium, Millet. 
 Milz, spleen, Rate. 
 Milzbeschreibung, f., splenographia, Sple'- 
 
 nographie. 
 
 Milzblutader, vena splenica, s. Splenique. 
 Milzblutfluss,splenorrhagia,Spldnorrhagie 
 Milzbruch, splenocele, Splenocele. 
 Milzdrusen,p\., splenic glands, s. Splenique. 
 Milzentzundung, splenitis, Splenite. 
 Milzgeflecht, splenic plexus, s. Splenique. 
 Milzgeschwullst, splenoncus, Splenoncie. 
 Milzlehre, splenologia, Sple"nologie. 
 Milzmittel, splenic remedies, *. Splenique. 
 Milzschlagader, arteria splenica,
 
 MIT 
 
 Milzschmerz, splenalgia, Spldnalgie. 
 Milzschwindsucht, f., splenic phthisis, s. 
 
 Phthisic. 
 
 Milzsucht, f., s. Hypochondria. 
 Milzwassersucht, f., hydrops lienis, *. Hy~ 
 
 dropisie. 
 
 Milzzerlegung, splenotomia, Splenotomie. 
 Mimosengummi, s. Arabisches Gummi. 
 Minderers Geist, Sp. Mindereri, s. Acetate. 
 MineraJ, mineral, Mineral. 
 Mineralienkunde,mineralogy,Mineralogie. 
 Mineralisch, adj., s. Mineral. 
 Mineralisches Mohr, ^Ethiops mineral, j. 
 
 Mercure. 
 
 Mineralisches Turpeth,*.Brechquecksilber 
 Mineralkermes, mineral kermes, s. Kermes. 
 Mineralog, mineralogist, Mineralogiste. 
 Mineralogisch, logical, Mindralogique. 
 Mineralreich, mineral kingdom,*. Mineral- 
 Mineralwasser, mineral waters, 
 Misanthrop, misanthropist, Misanthrope. 
 Mischung, crasis, Crase. 
 Mischung der Safte, crasis humorum, 
 Mischung, schlechte, iible, der Safte, 
 
 dyscrasia, Dyscrasie. 
 Mismiith, despondency, Dysthymie. 
 Mispel, medlar, Ne'tie. 
 Mispelbaum, Mespilus, Ndflier. 
 Missbildung, cacomorphia, Cacomorphie. 
 Missbildung, monstrosity, Monstruosite'. 
 Missgebaren, abortio, Avortement, 
 Missgebaren, aboriri, Avorter. 
 Missgebildet, deformed, Amorphe. 
 Missgeburt, monster, Monstre. 
 Missgestalt, s. Missbildung. 
 Missgestaltet, misshapen, Amorphe. 
 Missgestaltung, amorphia, Amorphie. 
 Missgritf, hallucinatio, Hallucination. 
 Mistel, Viscum, Gui. 
 Mistelbeere, misle-toe berry, 
 Mistelleim, viscus, 
 Mithridat, n., mithridatum, Mithridate. 
 Mitleiden der Theile, consensus partium, 
 
 Consentement des parties. 
 Mitleidenschaft, sympathy, Sympathie. 
 Mittel, gelind ku'hlende," slightly cooling 
 
 remedies, s. Temperant. 
 Mittel, n., s. Heilmittel. 
 Mittel des Nabels, Nabelmitte, mesompha- 
 
 lon, Mesomphale. 
 Mittelarmblutadern, venae medianse bra- 
 
 chii, *. Median. 
 
 Mittelarmnerv, nervus medianus , 
 Mittelfell, Mittelfelle, pi., mediastinum, 
 
 mediastina, Mediastin. 
 Mittelfell, hinteres, vorderes, mediasti- 
 num posterius, anterius, 
 Mittelfelldriisen, f., pi., glandulse medias- 
 
 tinae, s. Mediastin. 
 
 Mittelfellhohle, f., cavum mediastini, 
 Mittelfellschlagadern, art. mediastinae, 
 Mittelfinger, digitus medius, s. Doigt. 
 Mittelfleisch, s. Perinaum. 
 Milteljleischnath, f., raphe perii}se\,s.Raphe. 
 Mitteltieisch-, s. Dammschlagader. 
 
 614 
 
 MON 
 
 Mittelfuss, metatarsus, Me'tatarse. 
 Mittelfussbander, metatarsal ligaments, *. 
 
 Mttatarsien. 
 
 Mittelfussgelenke, articulations, 
 Mittelfussknochen, ossa metatarsi, 
 Mittelfussschlagader, art. metatarsica, 
 3/ie/<7eAjrn,n.,mesocephalon,Me'soce'phale 
 Mittelhand, metacarpus, Metacarpe. 
 Mittelhandbein des l)aumens, os metacar- 
 
 pi pollicis, s. Metacarpien. 
 Mittelhandgelenke, pi., metacarpal joints, 
 Mittelhandknochen, ossa metacarpi, 
 Mittelhandsage, metacarpal saw, 
 Mittelklopfer, mesothenar, M^sothenar. 
 Mittelpunkt, centrum, Centre. 
 Mittelsalz, m., neutral salt, s. Neutre. 
 Mittelwegerich, P. media, s. Plantain. 
 Mitternacht, midnight, Minuit. 
 Mittlere Bauchgegend, s. Bauchgegend. 
 Mittlere Fingergelenke, condyli, s. Meta- 
 
 condyle. 
 Mittlere Kreuzschlagader, arteria sacra- 
 
 lis media, s. Sacre. 
 
 Mittlere Muschel, concha media, s. Cornet. 
 Mittlerer Gesassmuskel, Gluteus medius, 
 
 s. Fessier. 
 Mittlerer Rippenhalter, Scalenus medius, 
 
 s. Scalene. 
 
 Mittleres Ohr, middle ear, s. Oreille. 
 Mixtur, mistura, Mixture. 
 Mohn, Papaver, Pavot. 
 Mohn-Familie,Papaveraceae,Papaveracees 
 Mohnkopfe, capita Papaveris, s. Pavot. 
 Mohnkopfsyrup, diacodium, Diacode. 
 Mohnsaft, opium, Opium. 
 Mohnsamen, semina Papaveris, s. Pavot. 
 Mohnsamenol, Oleum seminis, 
 Mohnsaure, s. Mekonsaure. 
 Mtthre, Daucus, Garotte. 
 Molken, serum lactis, Petit- Lait. 
 Monandrie, monandria, Monandrie. 
 Monat. month, Mois. 
 Monatfluss, fluxus menstr., s. Menstrues. 
 Monatlich, menstrual, Menstruel. 
 Monatliche Reinigung, s. Monatfluss. 
 Monatsreinigung befordende Mittel, em- 
 
 enagoga, s. Emmenagogue. 
 Monatszeit,f.,menstr\ia.[pe'rio&,s.Menstruel. 
 Monchskappenformige Muskeln, pi., *. 
 Monchskappenmuskel, Trapezius, Dorso- 
 
 Sus-Acromien. 
 Mond, moon, Lune. 
 Mondbein, os semilunare, s. Carpe. 
 Mondformig, lunatus, Lune. 
 Mondkalb, mola, Mole. 
 Mondsame, Menispermum, Menisperme. 
 Mondsamen-Familie, f., Menispermeae, 
 
 Menisperme'es. 
 
 Mondsucht, f., s. Nachtwandeln. 
 Mondsiichtig, lunatic, .Lunatique. 
 Monoecie, Monoecia, Mono^cie. 
 Monogynie, Monogynia, Monogynie. 
 Monokotyledonen, plantae monocotyledo- 
 
 neae, s. Monocotyledon. 
 Monomanie, monomania, Monomanie.
 
 MUS 
 
 Monro'sches Loch, foramen Monroi. 
 
 Monsoon, monsoon, Mousson. 
 
 Moos, Mos, Muscus, Mousse. 
 
 Moosbeere, V. oxycoccos, Canniberge. 
 
 M oose, Musci, Mousses. 
 
 Mooshaube, -kappe, f., calyptra, Calyptre. 
 
 Moosig, muscosus, Mousseux. 
 
 Mooskelch, perichaetium, Pe'richese. 
 
 Aloosstengel, stem of mosses, Surcule. 
 
 Morast, marsh, Marais. 
 
 Morastig, marshy, Marecageux. 
 
 Morchel, Morchella, MorilTe. 
 
 Morgagnlsche Grube, fossa navicularis ure- 
 thrae, s. Naviculaire. 
 
 MorffagnischeTasche, v. laryngis,s. Ventricle, 
 
 Morgendammerung, morning-twilight, s. 
 Crepuscule. 
 
 Morgenlandischer weisser Widerstoss, be- 
 hen album, Behen blanc. 
 
 Morphium, morphia, Morphine. 
 
 Morsel, mortar, Mortier. 
 
 Moschus, m., musk, Muse. 
 
 Moschusjulep, musk-julep, 
 
 Moschustinctur, Tinctura de Moscho, 
 
 Moskite, Mosquite, mosquito, Mosquite. 
 
 Miicke, Culex, Cousin. 
 
 Mulatte, mulatto, Mulatre. 
 
 Mumie, mummy, Momie. 
 
 Mund, mouth, Bouche. 
 
 Mundbeschreibung, stomatographia, Sto- 
 matographie. 
 
 Mundbfutnuss, rrhagia, Stomatorrhagie. 
 
 Mundfaule, stomacace, Stomacace. 
 
 Mundhohle, cavum oris, s. Buccal. 
 
 Mundklemme, trismus, Trismus. 
 
 MundkrampfderKinder,tr.neonatorum, 
 
 Mundmittel, stomatica, s. Stomatique. 
 
 Mundschliesser, sph. oris, *. Sphincter. 
 
 Mundschmerz, stomatalgia, Stomatalgie. 
 
 Mundschwammchen, s. Mundsohr. 
 
 Mundscorbut, m., s. Mundfaule. 
 
 Mundsohr, -sb'hre,aphtha, aphthae,Aphthe. 
 
 Mundspalte, rictus oris, s. Fente. 
 
 Mundspiegel, speculum oris, s. Speculum. 
 
 Miindung, orifice, s. Bouche. 
 
 Mundwinkel, angulus oris, s. Angle. 
 
 Miinze, Mentha, Menthe. 
 
 Murmeln, murmur, Bourdonnement. 
 
 Muschel, Muschelschale, concha, Coquille. 
 
 Muschel, Muscheln, pi., concha, Cornet. 
 
 Muschel, Mytilus, Moule. 
 
 Muschelschneckenlehre, conchyliologia, 
 Conchyliologie. 
 
 Mmcheheide, f., byssus, Bissus. 
 
 Muscologie, muscologie, Muscologie. 
 
 Muscologisch, muscological, Muscologique. 
 
 Musik, music, Musique. 
 
 Musikomanie, musicomania, Musicomanie. 
 
 Muskate,Muskatennuss, nutmeg,Muscade. 
 
 Muskatenbaum, Myristica, Muscadier. 
 
 Muskatenblumenol, oil of mace, s. Mads. 
 
 Muskatenblumentinctur, tincture , 
 
 Muskatenbluthe, mace, Macis. 
 
 M uskatennussol, oleum Myristicae, $. Mus- 
 cadier. 
 
 615 
 
 MUT 
 
 Muskatol, ausgepresstes, oleum expressum 
 
 Myristicoe, s. Mtiscadier. 
 Muskatschale, innere, mace, Macis. 
 Muskel, Muskeln, pi., muscle, Muscle. 
 Muskel der breite Binde, Musculus fasciae 
 
 latae, s. Fascia. 
 Muskelbauch, -kopf, -schwanz, belly, head, 
 
 tail of a muscle, s. Muscle. 
 Muskelbeschreibung, s. Myographie. 
 Muskelbewegung, muscular motion, s. 
 Muskelbinde, f., fascia , s. Musculaire- 
 Muskelentziindung, myositis, Myosite. 
 Muskelfaser, muscular fibre, s. Musculaire. 
 Muskelhaut, f., membrane, 
 Muskelhautnerv, nervus musculo-cutane- 
 
 us, s. Musculo-Cutane. 
 Muskelkrankheit, Muskelleiden, myopa- 
 
 thia, Myopathie. 
 
 Muskellage, f., layer of muscles, . Couche. 
 Muskellehre, myologia, Myologie. 
 Muskelreisbarkeit, f., muscular irritability, 
 
 s. Irritabilite. 
 Muskelscheide, sheath of a muscle, s. Mus- 
 
 culaire, et Vagin. 
 
 Muskelschmerz, myodynia, Myodynie. 
 Muskelsch wache, myasthenia, s. Musculaire. 
 Muskelzerlegung, s. Myotomie. 
 Muskelzerreissung, rrhexia,Myorrhexie. 
 Mufkularunrvhe,f., convulsibih'ty, Convul- 
 
 sibilite. 
 
 Musskraut, Corchorus, Corete. 
 Muthlos, athymus, s. 
 Muthlosigkeit, athymia, Athymie. 
 Mutter, *. Gebarmutter. 
 Mutterbander, s. Breite, und Ronde. 
 Mutterdriisen, cotyledones, s. Cotyledon. 
 Muttererstickung, s. uterina, s. Suffocation. 
 Mutterflecken, m., s. Muttermal. 
 Muttergang, m., s. Mutterscheide. 
 Muttergrund, fundus uteri, s. Base. 
 Mutterharing, alosa, Alose. 
 Mutterharz, galbanum, Galbanum. 
 Mutterharzol, Oleum galbani, 
 Mutterharzpflaster, Emplastrum , 
 Mutterharztinctur, Tinctura , 
 Mutterkamille, M. parthenium, s. Matricaire. 
 Mutterkorn, m., Secale cornutum, s. Ergot. 
 Mutterkranz, pessary, Pessaire. 
 Mutterkraut, Matricaria, Matricaire. 
 Mutterkuchen, placenta, Placenta. 
 Mutterkiimmel, s. Romische Kiimmel. 
 Muttermal, Muttermahle, naevus, nsevi, 
 
 Naevus, Envie. 
 
 Muttermittel, metrenchyta, s. Metrenchyie. 
 Muttermund, os uteri, s. Orifice. 
 Mutterrohre, Fallopian tubes, s. Trompe. 
 Mutterscheide, vagina uteri, Vagin. 
 Mutterscheidenblutfluss,colporrhagia, has- 
 
 morrhagia vaginae, Colporrhagie. 
 Mutterscheidenbruch, hernia vaginae, Col- 
 
 pocele. 
 Mutterscheidenvorfall, prolapsus vaginae, 
 
 Colpoptose. 
 
 Mutterspiegel, speculum uteri, s.Speculum. 
 Mutterstein, t. Gebarmutterstein.
 
 MYO 
 
 Muttersteinbildung, hysterolithiasis, Hy- 
 
 sterolithiase. 
 
 Muttertrompeten, *. Mutterrohre. 
 Mutterwuth,hysteromania,H3'steromanie. 
 Mutterzapfen, s. Mutterkranz. 
 Mutze, reticulum, Bonnet. 
 Miitze, calyptra, Calyptre. 
 Mvitze, mitra, Mitre. 
 Miitzenformig, mitraeformis, Mitreforme. 
 Miitzenformige Herzklappen, valvula? mi- 
 
 tcales, *. Mitral. 
 
 Myographie, myographia, Myographie. 
 Myologie, myologia, Myologie. 
 Myops, myops, Myope. 
 
 MYT 
 
 Myotomie, myotomia, Myotomie. 
 Myriapoden, Myriapoda, Myriapodes. 
 Myricin, n., myricina, Myricine. 
 Myrobalane, myrobalanus, Myrobalan. 
 Myrrhe, myrrha, Myrrhe. 
 Myrrhenextract, wasseriges, Extractum 
 
 Myrrhae aquosum, 
 Myrrhenol, atherisches,Ol. aethereum , 
 Myrrhentinctur, Tinctura de Myrrha, 
 Myrrhologie, myrrhologia, Myrrhologie. 
 Myrte, Myrtenbaum, Myrtus, Myrte. 
 Myrten-Familie, Myrtaceae, Myrtacees. 
 Myrtenformig, myrtiform, Myrtitbrme. 
 Mytilaceen, Mytilaceae, Mytilac^es. 
 
 N. 
 
 NAC 
 
 Nabel, umbilicus, Ombilic. 
 Nabel, hylus, Hile. 
 Nabelblutader, s. Nabelvene. 
 Nabelblutbruch, haematomphalocele, He- 
 
 matomphalocele. 
 Nabelblutfluss, omphalorrhagia, Ompha- 
 
 lorrhagie. 
 
 Nabelbruch, exomphalus, Exomphale. 
 Nabeldarmbruch, enteromphalus, Ente"- 
 
 romphale. 
 
 Nabelgef asse,umbilical vessels, s. Ombilical. 
 Nabelgegend, umbilical region, 
 Nabelgekrosgefasse, omphalo-mesenteric 
 
 vessels, s. Omphalo-Mesenterique. 
 Nabelgeschwullst, oncus, Omphaloncie. 
 Nabelgrube, umbilical fossa, s. Ombilical. 
 Nabelring, m., annulus umbilicalis, 
 Nabelschlagader, arteria umbilicalis, 
 Nabelschnitt, tomia, Omphalotomie. 
 Nabelschnur, Nabelstrang, f'unis umbilica- 
 lis, s. Ombilical. 
 
 Nabelvene, vena umbilicalis, 
 Nabel windbruch,pneumatomphalus,Pneu- 
 
 matomphale. 
 Nachblulung, f., secondary haemorrhage, s. 
 
 Hemorrhage. 
 
 Nachdenken, reflectio, Reflection. 
 Nachgeburt, after-birth, Arriere-Faix. 
 Nachlass, remissio, Remission. 
 Nachlassendes Fieber, remittent fever, 
 Nachlassung, virium resolutio, Dialyse. 
 Nacht, night, Nuit. 
 
 Nachtblattern, epinyctides, Epinyctides. 
 Nachtblinder, hemeralopus, He'me'ralope. 
 Nachtblindheit,hemeralopia,He'me'ralopie. 
 Nachtblumend, noctiflorus, Noctiflore. 
 Nachtfieber, night-fever, s. Nocturne. 
 Nachtgleiche, aequinoctium, Equinoxe. 
 Nachtlich, nocturnal, Nocturne. 
 Nachtliche Befleckung. oneirogonus, pol- 
 
 lutio nocturna, One'irogone. 
 Nachtleuchtend, noctilucus, Noctiluque. 
 Nachtmannchen, incubus, Incube. 
 Nachtschatten, Solanum, Morelle. 
 Nachtschatten, gemeiner, S. nigrum, 
 Nachtsehen, *. Nyktalopie. 
 
 616 
 
 NAH 
 
 Nachtwandeln, n., noctambulism, Noctam- 
 bulisme. 
 
 Nachtwandler, noctambulist, Noctambule. 
 
 Nachwehen, after-pains, s. Tranchees. 
 
 Nacken, nucha, Nuque. 
 
 Nackenband, ligamentum nuchee, 
 
 Nackengegend, posterior cervical region, 
 
 Nackenmuskeln, m., pi., muscles, 
 
 Nackenschlagader, tiefe, arteria cervicalis 
 profunda, s. Cei-vical, 
 
 Nacken warzenbeinmuskel , Complexus mi- 
 nor, s. Complexus. 
 
 Nackt, naked, Nu. 
 
 Nacktblumig, nudiflore, Nudiflore. 
 
 Nackte Samen, naked seeds,s.Gymnospermie. 
 
 Nadel, needle, Aiguille. 
 
 Nadelahnlich, -f ormig, acicular, Aciculaire. 
 
 Nadelohr, aciis foramen, Chas. 
 
 Nadelstechen, Nadelstich, s. Acupunctur. 
 
 Nagel, pin, Epingle. 
 
 Nagel, nail, claw, Ongle, Onglet; 
 
 Nagelbein, -beinchen, os unguis, Unguis. 
 
 Nagelformig, unguiform, Onguiforme. 
 
 Nagelfugung, f., gomphosis, Gomphose. 
 
 Nagelgeschwullst, onychophyma, Onycho- 
 phyme. 
 
 Nagelgeschwiir, paronvchia, Panaris. 
 
 Nayelglied, n., ungueal phalanx, s. Ungeal. 
 
 Nagelkriimme, Nagelkriimmung, onycho- 
 gryptosis, Onychogryptose. 
 
 Nagelmutter, f., matrix unguis, s. Ongle. 
 
 Nayelwurzel, f., radix unguis, 
 
 Nahrend, Nahrhaft, alible, Alibile. 
 
 Nahrung, alimentum, Aliment. 
 
 Nahrungsfliissigkeit, f , nutrient fluid, 
 
 Nahrungsmittel, n., pi., alimentary reme- 
 dies, or substances, s. 
 
 Nahrungsmittelbeschreibungjbromatogra- 
 phia, Bromographie. 
 
 Nahrungsmittellehre, Nahrungsmittel- 
 kunde, bromatologia, Bromatologie. 
 
 Nahrungssaft, chyle, Chyle. 
 
 Nahrungsaftenthaltend, ous, Chylifere. 
 
 Nahrungslauch, alimentary canal, *. Canal. 
 
 Naht, suture, Suture. 
 
 Nalit , dreieckige, *. Jjambdaformige .
 
 NAT 
 
 Napel, Napelkraut, A. napellus, s. Aconit. 
 Napfmuschel, -schnecke, Patella. Patelle. 
 Naphtha, naphtha, Naphthe. 
 Narbchen, cicatricula, Cicatricule. 
 Narbe, cicatrix, Cicatrice. 
 Narcisse, Narcissus, Narcisse. 
 Narcisse, doppelte, N. pseudo-narcissus, 
 Narcotisch, narcotic, Narcotique. 
 Narcotischer StofF, s. Narkotin. 
 Narcotischer Zusiand, mus,Narcotisme. 
 Narkotin, narcotina, Narcotine. 
 Nase, nose, Nez. 
 Nasenaugennerv, nervus naso-ocularis, s. 
 
 Naso- Oculaire. 
 Nasenbeinausschnitt, fissura nasalis, s. E- 
 
 chancrure. 
 
 Nasenbeine, -knochen, ossa nasi, s. Nasal. 
 Nasenbildung, kiinstliche, s. Rhinoplastik. 
 Nasenbluten, epistaxis, rhinorrhagia, Epis- 
 
 taxe, Rhinorrhagie. 
 Nasenflugel, -lappen, ala nasi, s. Aile. 
 Nasenfortsatz, processus nasalis, s. Nasal. 
 Nasengang, ductus nasalis, 
 Nasengange, meatus nasales, s. Meat. 
 Nasengaumenknoten, ganglion naso-pala- 
 
 tinum, s. Naso-Palatin. 
 Nasengaumennerv,ner v . naso-palatinus, 
 Nasengeschwiir, stinkendes, s. Ozene. 
 Nasenhohle, cavum naris, s. Nasal. 
 Nasenhohlen, innere, fossae nasales, 
 Nasenhohlenscheidewand, septum narium, 
 
 s. Cloison, et Diaphragme. 
 Nasenjucken, -kriebeln, pruritus narium, 
 
 Rhinocnesme. 
 
 Nasenkanal, ductus nasalis, s. Canal. 
 Nasenknorpel, m., cartilago nasalis, s. 
 Nasenknot.en, m., ganglion nasalis, s. Nasal. 
 Nasenkrebs, carcinoma, Rhinocarcinome. 
 Nasenloch, nostril, Narine. 
 Nasenlocher, hintere, nares posteriores, . 
 Nasenmittel, rhinenchyta, s. Rhinenchyte. 
 Nasennerven, m.,pl.,nervi nasales,s..ZVasa/. 
 Nasenoffnung, s. Nasenloch. 
 Nasenpolyp, polypus nasalis, s. Nasal. 
 Nasenruchen, m., dorsum nasi, s. Dos. 
 Nasenscheide- s. Nasenhohlenscheidewand. 
 Nasenschlagadern, arteriae nasales,s.JV<wa/. 
 Nasenschleimfluss, -rrhinia, Blenorrhinie. 
 Nasenschleimhaut, membrana mucosa, vel 
 
 pituitaria, nasi, *. Pituitaire. 
 Nasenschmerz, rhinalgia, Rhinalgie. 
 Nasenspritze,nostril-syringe,Rhinenchyte 
 NasenstlmmeJ., rhinophonia. Rhinophonie. 
 Nasenverstopfung, rhinostegnosis, Rhino- 
 
 stegnose. 
 
 Nath, Nathe, pi., raphe, Raphe. 
 Nath des Hodensacks, raphe scroli, 
 Nath des Mittelfleisches, perinaei, 
 Nathknochen, ossicula suturarum, s. Osse- 
 
 let, et Wormien. 
 
 Nathknorpel, cartilagines , s. Cartilage. 
 Natronisirtes weinsteinsaures Kali, Tar- 
 
 tras potassse et sodae, s. Tartrale. 
 Natter, Coluber, Coleuvre. 
 Natterwurz, Polygonum bistorta, Bistorte. 
 
 617 
 
 NER 
 
 Natur, natura, Nature. 
 
 Naturaliste, naturalist, Naturaliste. 
 
 Naturbeschreiber, Naturhistoriker, physi- 
 ographus, Physiographe. 
 
 Naturbeschreibung, physiographia, Phy- 
 siographic. 
 
 Naturforscher, s. Naturaliste. 
 
 Naturgeschichte, Natural History, His- 
 toire Naturelle. 
 
 Naturlehre, Naturkunde, Natural Philoso- 
 phy, Physique. 
 
 Naturphilosoph, philosopher,Physicien. 
 
 Naturreiche, n., pi., regna naturae,*. Regne. 
 
 Naturspiele, lusus naturae. 
 
 Nebel, nebula, Brouillard. 
 
 Nebelfleck, nebula, Achlys, N^phdlion. 
 
 Nebelspeicheldriise, parotis accessoria, s. 
 Parotide. 
 
 Nebenauge, ocellus, stemma, s, CEIL 
 
 Nebenbander, n., pi., accessory ligaments, 
 s. Accessoire. 
 
 Nebenblatt, stipula, Stipule. 
 
 Nebenfaden, paraphysis, Paraphyse. 
 
 Nebenhode, epididymis, Epididyme. 
 
 Nebenhohlen der Nase, sinus nasi acces- 
 sorii, s. Sinus. 
 
 Nebenkronenblatt, petalum, Parapetale. 
 
 Nebenniere, Nebennieren, pi., renal cap- 
 sules, s. Capsule, et Surrcnal. 
 
 Nebennierenschlagadern, arterise suprsl- 
 renales, s. Surrenal. 
 
 Nebenschale, f., accessory valve, s. Valvule. 
 
 Nebenschlagadern des Arms, arteriae brachii 
 collaterals, s. Collateral. 
 
 Nebentheile, accessory parts, s. Accessoire. 
 
 Nebenzwiebel, f., s. Knospenzwiebel. 
 
 Neger, negro, Negre. 
 
 Nekrolog, necrologium, Necrologe. 
 
 Nekrophobie, necrophobia, Ntfcrophobie. 
 
 Nekroscopie, necroscopia, Ne'croscopie. 
 
 Nekrose, necrosis, Necrose. 
 
 Nekrotomie, necrotomia, Necrotomie. 
 
 Nekrotomisch,necrotomical,Ne'crotomique 
 
 Nelke, Dianthus, (Eillet. 
 
 Nelkenkraut, s. Benedictenkraut. 
 
 Nelkenwurzel, s. Benedictenwurzel. 
 
 Neriolol, Ol. de floribus Aurantii, Neroli. 
 
 Nerv, Nerve, Nerven, pi., nerve, Nerf. 
 
 Nerv, grosser sympathischer, great sym- 
 pathetic nerve, s. Sympathique. 
 
 Nerve, nervure, Nervure. 
 
 Nervenentziindung, neuritis, Neurite. 
 
 Nerventieber, neuropyra, Nevropyre. 
 
 Nervengetlechte, plexus nervosi,s. Plexus. 
 
 Nervengewebe, f, nervous tissue, s. Tissu. 
 
 Nervenhaut s. Netzhaut des Auges. 
 
 Nervenhiille, s. Nervenscheide. 
 
 Nervenknoten, nervous ganglion, Gon- 
 grone, s., also, Ganglion. 
 
 Nervenkrankheiten, Neuroses, Nevroses. 
 
 Nervenlehre, neurology, Neurologie. 
 
 Nervenlbses Blatt, nerveless leat, s. Ner~ 
 vure. 
 
 Nervenmark, n., s. Marksubstanz. 
 
 Nervenpaare,n.,pl., pairs of nerves,s.Nerf. 
 
 2 X
 
 NEU 
 
 Nervenrohre, siphunculus, Siphon. 
 Nervensaft, m., nervous fluid, s.Nerveux. 
 Nervenscheide, neurilyma, Ndvrilemme. 
 Nervenschmerz, s. Neuralgic. 
 Nervenschnitt, dissection, or division, of 
 
 nerves, Neurotomie. 
 Nervenschwache, neurasthenia, NeVras- 
 
 thenie. 
 
 Nervenstarkend, s. Herzstarkend. 
 NervenstarkendeMittel,nervina,s.-2Vm;n. 
 Nervenstich, m., nervi punctura, s. Piqure. 
 Nervensubstanz, s. Graue. 
 Nervensystem, nervous sy stem,*. Ne rveu.r. 
 Nervenwarzchen, papillse, s. Papille. 
 Nervenwurxelchen, pi., roots of nerves, s. 
 
 Racine. 
 
 Nervig, marked with nerves, Nerveux. 
 Nerviges Blatt, folium nervosum, 
 Nervoser Schmerz, nervous pain, 
 NesseljUrtica, Ortie. 
 Nessel-Familie, Urticese, Urtice'es. 
 Nesselfieber, -sucht, Urticaria, Urticaire. 
 Nest, nidus, Nid. 
 
 Nestmachen, nidificatio, Nidification. 
 Netz,epiploon, omentum, Epiploon. 
 Netz, rete, Reseau. 
 
 Netz, grosses, omentum majus,s. Epiploon. 
 Netz, kleines, omentum minus, 
 Netzartig, reticular, Re'ticulaire. 
 Netzauge, facette-eye, s. Facette. 
 Netzblasenhodensacksbruch, epiplocysto- 
 
 schocele, Epiplocystosche'ocele. 
 Netzbruch, epiplocele, Epiplocele. 
 Nelzchen, n., reticulum, Reticule. 
 Netz und Darmbruch, entero-epiplocele, 
 
 Entdro-Epiplocele. 
 Netzdarmhodensackbruch, epiplo-enteros- 
 
 chocele, Epiplo-Ente'rosche'ocele. 
 Netzdarmnabelbruch, entero-epiplompha- 
 
 lus, Entero-Epiplomphale. 
 Netzentzlindung, epiploitis, Epiploite. 
 Netzfleischbruch, sarcepiplocele, Sarco-E- 
 
 piplocele. 
 Netzformig, retiformis, Dictyoide, Reti- 
 
 forme. 
 
 Netzhaut im Auge, retina, Ratine. 
 Netzhaut des Malpighi, s. Malpig. Netz. 
 Netzhautentziindung, retinitis, Re'tinite. 
 A'etzhautschlagader, arteria centralis reti- 
 nae, s. Refine. 
 Netzhodensackbruch, epiploschocele, Epi- 
 
 ploscheocele. 
 
 Netzig, reticulated, Reticuld. 
 Netz und Magengef'dsse, pi., vasa gastro- 
 
 epiploica, s. Gastro-Epiploiqne. 
 Netznabelbruch,-omphalus,Epiplomphale. 
 Netznabelfleischbruch, s. Fleischnetzna- 
 
 belbrucb. 
 Netzschenkelbruch, epiplomerocele, Epi- 
 
 plo-Me'rocele. 
 Netzschlagadern, arterise epiploicae, s. E- 
 
 piploique. 
 
 Netzvorfall, m., s. Netzbruch. 
 Neunauge, s. Flusslamprete. 
 Neunblattrig, enneaphyllus, Enne'aphylle. 
 618 
 
 NIE 
 
 Neunmiinnig, enneandrous, s, Enneandrie. 
 NeunmannigeBliithen.floresenneandri, 
 Neunsaamig,enneaspermus,Enneasperme. 
 Neunweibig, enneagynous, . 
 NeunweibigePflanzen,plantasenneagynae, 
 s. Enneagynie. 
 
 Neuralgie, neuralgia, Nevralgie. 
 
 Neurilemmite,neurilymitis,Nevrilemmite 
 
 Neurographie, ographia, Neurographie. 
 
 Neuropteren, Neuroptera, Nevropteres. 
 
 Neuropterolog, logus. Ne'vropte'rologue. 
 
 Neurosen, Neuroses, Nevroses. 
 
 Neutrales Boraxsaures Natron, sub-borate 
 of soda, s. Borate. 
 
 Neutrales s. Kohlensaures Natron. 
 
 Neutrales Salz, neutral salt, s. Neutre. 
 
 Neutralisiren , to neutralize, Neutralises 
 
 Nichtnatiirliche Dinge, non-naturals. 
 
 Nicken, nystagmus, Nystagme. 
 
 Nickhaut,membrana nictitans,s.C%no/on^ 
 
 Nicotianin, m., nicotianina, Nicotianine. 
 
 Niederdruckende Muskeln, 5. Niederzie- 
 hende Muskeln. 
 
 Niederdriickung der Hirnschale, depres- 
 sion of the cranium, s. Depression. 
 
 Niederdriickungder Kopfknochen, depres- 
 sion of the cranial bones, 
 
 Niederfallen, oder Vorfall, des obern Au- 
 genlieds, blepharoptosis, Ble'pharoptose. 
 
 Niedergebogen, reclinatus, Recline. 
 
 Niedergedriickt, depressus, Deprime'. 
 
 Niedergeschlagenheit, defectio animi, s. 
 Abaissemenl. 
 
 Niederhangend, adj., s. Ueberhangend. 
 
 Niederholder, Sambucus ebulus, s. Sureau. 
 
 Niederkommen, parturiri, Accoucher. 
 
 Niederkunst, parturitio, Accouchement. 
 
 Niederschlag, prsecipitatum, Pre'cipite". 
 
 Niederschlagung, cipitatio, Precipitation. 
 
 Niederschlucken, deglutitio, Deglutition. 
 
 Niederziehend, depressing, s. Abaisseur. 
 
 Niederziehende Muskeln, muscles, 
 
 Niederziehender Augenmuskel, Depressor 
 oculi, _ 
 
 Niederzieher, s. Herabzieher. 
 
 Niederziehung, depression, Abaissement. 
 
 Niere, Nieren, pi., kidney, Rein. 
 
 Nierenabscess, m., renal abscess, s. Abels. 
 
 Nierenbecken, pelvis renum, Bassinet. 
 
 Nierenblutadern, vense renales, s. Renal. 
 
 Nierenblutfluss, rrhagia, Ne'phrorrhagie. 
 
 Nierenbruch, nephrocele, Nephrocele. 
 
 Niereneiterung, s. Nierenabscess. 
 
 Nierenentziindung, nephritis, Ne'phrite. 
 
 Nierenfett, sebum, Suif. 
 
 Nierenformig, kidney -shaped, Ne'phroide. 
 
 Nierenformig, reniformis, Reniforme. 
 
 Nierenf ormiges Blatt,folium reniforme, 
 
 Nierengefasse, renal vessels, s. Nephrem- 
 phraxie. 
 
 Nierengeschwiir,nephrelcosis,Nephre'lcose 
 
 Nierenkapseln, renal capsules, s. Renal. 
 
 Nierenkelche, pi,, calices renum, s. Calice. 
 
 Nierenkrankheit, kidney-disease, *. Nephro- 
 tithiase.
 
 NIE 
 
 Nierenmark, m., substantia tubulosa renis, 
 
 .s. Rein. 
 
 Nierenmittel, nephritica, s. Nephritique. 
 Nierenschlagadern, art. renales, s. Renal. 
 Nierenschmerz, nephralgia, Nephralgie. 
 Nierenschnitt,nephrotomia, Nephrotomie. 
 Nierenschwindsuchl, f., nephritic phthisis, 
 
 s. Nephritique, et Phthisie. 
 Nierenstein, concretion, Nephrolithe. 
 Nierensteinkrankheit, nephrolithiasis, Ne- 
 
 phrolithiase. 
 Nierensleinschnitt, nephrolithotomia, Ne- 
 
 phrolithotomie. 
 
 Nierenvereiterung, s. Nierengeschwiir. 
 Nierenw'drzchen,pL, papillae renis, s.CaHce. 
 Nierenwassersucht, f., hydrops renis, s. Hy- 
 
 dropisie. 
 Niesewurz, Nieskraut, Achillsea ptarmica, 
 
 Ptarmique. 
 
 Nies-, Niesemittel, remedia ptarmica, 
 Niespulver, sternutatory powder, 
 Nieswurz, Helleborus, Helle'bore. 
 Nieswurzelkur, f., rismus, Helleborisme. 
 
 NYM 
 
 Nilkrokodil, in., C. vulgaris, s. Crocodile. 
 Nilpferd, Hippopotamus, Hippopotame. 
 Nitrogen, azote, Azote. 
 Noaharche, f., Area Nose, s. Arche. 
 Nomenclatur, clature, Nomenclature. 
 Nordischer Nussbaum, Acer saccharinum, 
 
 s. Erable. 
 
 Nosographie, nosographia, Nosographie. 
 Nosologie, nosologia, Nosologie. 
 Nosologisch, nosological, Nosologique. 
 Nostomanie, nostomania, Nostomanie. 
 Nothzucht. -ziichtigung, raptus. Viol. 
 Nuss, Niisse, pi., nux, nuces, Noix. 
 Nussbaum, Corylus avellana, s. Coudrier. 
 Nussbohrer, m., Curculio nucum, i 
 Nussgelenh, m., enarthrosis, Enarthrose. 
 Nussschale, putamen nucis, s. Coquille. 
 Nutritsalbe, Unguentum nutritum vel li- 
 
 thargyri, s. Litharge. 
 Nyktalopie, nyctalopia, Nyctalopie. 
 Nymphe, nympha, pupa, Nymphe. 
 Nymphen, nymphse, Nymphes. 
 Nymphomanie, mania, Nymphomanie. 
 
 o. 
 
 QBE 
 
 OCH 
 
 Oberarm, humerus, Humerus. 
 
 Oberarmbein, os brachii, humeri, 
 
 Oberarmbeinhals, collum ossis , s. Col. 
 
 Oberarmbeinhalsbruch, fractura colli , 
 
 Oberarmbeinkopf, m.,caput ossis ,s.Tete. 
 
 Oberarzt, archiater, Archiatre. 
 
 Oberaugenhohlennerv, m., nervus supra- 
 orbitalis, s. Sus-Orlitaire. 
 
 Oberaugenhohlenschlagader, arteria , 
 
 Oberbauch, epigastrium, Epigastre. 
 
 Oberbauchgegend, regio epigastrica, s.Epi- 
 gastrique. 
 
 Oberbauchschlagader, arteria , 
 
 Obere Muschel, concha superior, s. Cornet. 
 
 Oberer Augenmuskelnerv, nervus pathet- 
 icus, s. Nerf. 
 
 Oberer gerader Augenmuskel, Rectus su- 
 perior oculi, s. Drolt. 
 
 Oberer schiefer Augenmuskel, Obliquus 
 superior oculi, *. Oblique. 
 
 Oberer schrager Kopfmuskel, Obliquus 
 capitis superior, 
 
 Oberer Schultblatt-,s.Obergralen-muskel. 
 
 Oberes Augenlied, palpebra superior, E- 
 picoele. 
 
 OberfldchUch, adj., superficial, Superficiel. 
 
 Oberflachliche Schliitenschlagader, arteria 
 temporalis superficialis, s. Temporal. 
 
 Oberflachlicher Beuger der Finger, Flex- 
 or digitorum sublimis, s. Fltchisseur. 
 
 Obei rliichlicher Hohlhandbogen,arcus pal- 
 maris superficialis vel ulnams,s.Palmaire. 
 
 Obergratengrube, fossa supraspinata, s. 
 Sur-Ep'meux. 
 
 Obergratenmuskel, Supraspinatus, 
 
 Oberhaut, -hautchen,epidermis, Epiderme. 
 
 Oberhautartig, epidermoid, Epidermoide. 
 
 C19 
 
 Oberkiefer, Oberkinnlade, maxilla supe- 
 rior, s. Machoire. 
 
 Oberkiefer bein, os maxillare superius, 
 
 Oberkieferhohle,antrum mani\lare,s.Antre. 
 
 Oberkieferhohlenabscess, m., abscessus an- 
 tri maxillaris, 
 
 Oberkieferknoten, m., ganglion supra-max- 
 illare, s. Sus-Maxillaire. 
 
 Oberkiefernerv, nervus supramaxillaris, 
 
 Oberkinnbachenschmerz,m.,f9.\n in the max- 
 illary sinus, s. Antre. 
 
 Oberlippe, labium superius, s. Levre. 
 
 Oberschenkel, thigh, Femur. 
 
 Oberschenkelbein, os femoris, 
 
 Oberschenkelbruch, hernia , 5. Hernie. 
 
 Oberschenkelmuskeln, in., pi., femoral 
 muscles, s. Femoral. 
 
 Oberschenkelschlagader, f., arteria femo- 
 ralis, s. Femoral. 
 
 Oberschenkelschlagadern, durchbohrende, 
 arteriae perforantes femoris, s. Perforant. 
 
 Oberschenkelverrenkung, f., luxatio fe- 
 moris, s. Luxation. 
 
 Oberschmeerbauch, s. Oberbauch. 
 
 Oberschulterblattnerv, m., nervus supra- 
 scapularis, s. Sus-Scapulaire. 
 
 Oberste des Haupts, s. Scheitel. 
 
 Oberste Schale der Schildkroten, clypeus 
 (testudinum), Carapace. 
 
 Ocher, Ocker, ochra, Ochre. 
 
 Ochs, Bos, Bceuf. 
 
 Ochsenauge, s. Rindauge. 
 
 Ochsenauge, bupthalmia, Bupthalmie. 
 
 Ochsenbremse, (Estrus bovis, *. (Eslre. 
 
 Ochsengalle, fel bovis, s. Fiel. 
 
 Ochsengalle, eingedickte, fel bovis inspis- 
 satum, ,
 
 OHR 
 
 Ochsenklauenfett, n., axungia pedum Tau- 
 ri, s. Axunge. 
 
 Ochsenzunge, Anchusa, Buglose. 
 
 Ochsenzunge, officinelle odergewohnliche, 
 Anchusa officinalis, 
 
 Ochsenzunge, rothe, A. tinctoria, 
 
 Octaedre, octaedrum, Octaedre. 
 
 Oculist, s. Augenarzt. 
 
 Odem, s. Athem. 
 
 Odermennig, Agrimonia, Aigremoine. 
 
 Odontologie, odontologia, Odontologie. 
 
 Oedem, oedema, (Edematie, OEdeme. 
 
 Oedem der Lefzen, oedema vulvse, 
 
 Oedem der Wochnerinnen, oedema puer- 
 perarum, 
 
 Oedematose Geschwullst, cedematous swell- 
 ing, s. (Edemateux. 
 
 OedematosesGeschwiir,oedematoussore, 
 
 Oefthend, aperient, Aperitif. 
 
 Oeffnung. orificium, Hiatus, Orifice. 
 
 Oeffhung eines Abscesses, oncotomia, On- 
 cotomie. 
 
 Oeffnung der weiblichen Schaam, fossa 
 magna pudendi muliebris, s. Fosse. 
 
 Oeffnung des Unterkieferkanals, orifice of 
 infra-maxillary canal, s. Orifice. 
 
 Oeffnungen hinteren der Nasenlocher, 
 posterior nares, s. Choanorrhagie. 
 
 Oeffnungsmittel, aperients, s. Aperitif. 
 
 Oekonomie, economy, Economie. 
 
 Oel, oil, Huile. 
 
 Oelbaum, Olivenbaum, Olea, Olivier. 
 
 Oelbaumfrucht, olive, Olive, 
 
 Oelbaumharz, s. Elemiharz. 
 
 Oelbaumharzsalbe, s. Eleniiharzsalbe. 
 
 Oelbildend, -erzeugend, olefians, Ole'fiant. 
 
 Oele, destillirte, olea distillata, s. Huile. 
 
 Oeleinreibung, f., oily friction, s. Friction. 
 
 Oelfett, Oelstoff, elaina, Elaine. 
 
 Oelig, oily, Huileux, Oleagineux. 
 
 Oeligsaure Salze, oleates, s. Oleate. 
 
 Oelnuss, f., fructus R. communis, s. Ricin. 
 
 Oelsaure, oleic acid, s- Oleate. 
 
 Oelzucker, saccharum, Elseosaccharum. 
 
 Oerchen, auricle, s. Oreille. 
 
 Oertlich, s. Topisch. 
 
 Oertliche Dampfb'dder, n., pi., topical va- 
 pour-baths, s. Bain. 
 
 Oren, furnace, Fourneau. 
 
 Offenstehend, patulus, Etald. 
 
 Officinel, adj., officinalis, Officinal. 
 
 Officinelle older gemeine Salbey, Salvia of- 
 ficinalis, s. Saitge. 
 
 Officineller Baldrian, V. offices. Valeriane. 
 
 Officinelles Glaskraut, Parietaria officina- 
 lis, s. Parietaire. 
 
 Officinelles Lungenkraut, Pultnonaria of- 
 ficinalis, s. Pulmanavre. 
 
 Ohnmacht, apsychia, Apsychie. 
 
 Ohnmacht, deliquium animi, Defaillance. 
 
 Ohnmacht, syncope, Syncope. 
 
 Ohnmachtig, syncopalis, Syncopal. 
 
 Ohr, ear, Oreille. 
 
 Ohrast des Lungenmagennerven, ramus 
 auric ularis nervi vagi, s. Auriculaire. 
 
 620 
 
 ONA 
 
 Ohrblutfluss, otorrhagia, Otorrhagie. 
 Ohrbock, m., s. Ohrecke. 
 Ohr-, Ohrendriise, s. Ohrspeicheldriise. 
 Ohrdriisen, untere, glandulae sub-auricu- 
 
 lares, s. Glande. 
 Ohrecke, tragus, Tragus. 
 Ohrentziindung, otitis, Otite. 
 Ohrenfluss, Ohrfluss, s. Otorrhoe. 
 Ohrenhohle, cavum auris, s. Conque. 
 Ohrenklingen, tinnitus aurium, Tintouin. 
 Ohrenlauten, sonnitus , JBombement, 
 Ohrenmandel, tonsil, Amygdale. 
 Ohrenschmalz, cerumen, Cerumen. 
 Ohrenschmalzdrvsen, f., pi., ceruminous 
 
 glands, 
 
 Ohrenschmerz, s. Otalgie. 
 Ohrenunrath, m., sordes aurium. 
 Ohrfinger, m., digitus auricularis, 5. Doigt. 
 Ohrformig, adj., ear-shaped, s. Oreille. 
 Ohrhorner, n., pi., antennae, Antennes. 
 Ohrkalk, m., Ohrsttinchen, n., calculus au- 
 ris, s. Calcul. 
 
 Ohrknorpel, m., cartilago auris, s. Cartilage. 
 Ohrknoten, m., ganglion auriculare, *. 
 
 Auriculaire. 
 
 Ohrkreis, ausserer, s. Ohrleiste. 
 Ohrlappchen, lobulus auris, s. Lobe. 
 Ohrleiste, helix auris, Helix. 
 Ohrloffel, auriscalpium, Cure-Oreille. 
 Ohrmittel, remedia otica, s. Otigue. 
 Ohrmuschel, f., s. Seeohr. 
 Ohrmuschel, concha auriculae, s. Conque. 
 Ohrmuskeln, m., pi., musculi auriculares, s. 
 
 Auriculaire. 
 
 Ohmerven, m., pi., nervi auriculares, 
 Ohrrohr, ear-trumpet, *. Cornet. 
 Ohrschl'dfenerv, m., nervus auriculo-tempo- 
 
 ralis, s. Temporal. 
 Ohrschlagader, innerste, arteria auditiva 
 
 interna, s. Auditif. 
 Ohrschlagadern, f., pi., arteriae auriculares, 
 
 s. Auriculaire. 
 
 Ohrschleimfluss, torrhcea,Blennotorrhee 
 Ohrschneckengegenwindungsmuskel, Con- 
 
 cho-anthelicius, Concho-Anthelicien. 
 Ohrspeicheldriise, s. Parotis. 
 Ohrspeicheldriisenentziindung, parotitis, 
 
 Parotite. 
 Ohrspeicheldriisengeschwullst, parotidon- 
 
 cus, Parotidoncie. 
 Ohrspeicheldriisenkrebs, m., carcinoma pa- 
 
 rotidis, s. Carcinome. 
 Ohrspritze, ear-syringe, Otenchyte. 
 Ohrwachs, n., s. Ohrenschmalz. 
 Oktandrie, Octandria, Octandrie. 
 Oktogynie, Octogynia, Octogynie. 
 Olekranon, olecranon, Olecrane. 
 Olive, s Oelbaumfrucht. 
 Olive, Olivenwalze, Oliva, Olive. 
 Oliven, pi., s. Olivenkorper. 
 Olivenbraun, -griin, olivaceus, Olivace. 
 Oliven formig, oliviform, Oliviforme. 
 Olivenkorper, corpora olivaria, s. Corps. 
 Olivenol, oleum Olivse, s. Olivier. 
 Onanie, onanismus, Onauisinc.
 
 OHN 
 
 Oologie, oology, Oologie. 
 
 Operationslehre, f., doctrine of operations, 
 *. Operation. 
 
 Operment, s. Auripigment. 
 
 Ophthalmonosologie, ophthalmonosologia, 
 Ophthalmonosologie. 
 
 Ophthalmorrhagie,ophthalmorrhagia,Oph- 
 thalmorrhagie. 
 
 Ophthalmostat, s. Augenhalter. 
 
 Opiat, opiatum, Opiate. 
 
 Opium, opium, Opium. 
 
 Opiumather, jEther opiatus, 
 
 Opiumextract, Extractum Opii, 
 
 Opiumlehre, f., opiologia, Opiologie. 
 
 OpiumpHaster, Emplastrum Opii,s. Opium. 
 
 Opiumsyrup, Syrupus de Opio, 
 
 Opiumtinctur, Tinctura Opii, 
 
 Opiumwasser, destillirtes, Aqua Opii, 
 
 Opoponax-Pastinake,P.opoponax,s.Pawais. 
 
 Optik, optics, Optique. 
 
 Optisch, optical, Optique. 
 
 Optisches Instrument, instrument, 
 
 Orange, s. Pomeranze. 
 
 Orangeade, orangeade, Orangeade. 
 
 Orchideen, Orchideae, Orchidees. 
 
 Orchis, Orchi?, Orchis. 
 
 Orchisartige PHanzen,orchideous plants, 
 
 Ordentlich, regular, Enrhythme. 
 
 Ordnung, crder, Ordre. 
 
 Organ, Organe, pi., organ, Organe. 
 
 Organisch, organic, Organique. 
 
 Organische Krankheiten, organic diseases 
 or lesions, s. Lesion. 
 
 Organischer Theil, part, s. Organique. 
 
 Organisches Nervensystem, nervous sys- 
 tem of organic life, 
 
 Organisirt, organized, Organise. 
 
 Organism, organismus, Organisme. 
 
 Organographie, ographia,Organographie. 
 
 Organologie, organologia, Organologie. 
 
 Orgasmus, orgasm, Orgasme. 
 
 Ornitholog, ornithologist, Ornithologiste. 
 
 OZE 
 
 Ornithologie, ornithology, Ornithologie. 
 Orthopadie, orthopaedia, Orthopedic. 
 Orthopadisch,orthopsedicus,Orthopedique. 
 Oryktognosie, oryctognosia, Oryctognosie. 
 Oryktographie, graphia, Oryctographie. 
 Oryktologie, oryctologia, Oryctologie. 
 Oryktozoologie, zoologia,Oryctozoologie 
 Osmazom, osmazoma, Osmazome. 
 Osteodermen, Osteodermi, Osteodermes. 
 Osteographie, osteographia, Osteographie. 
 Osteologie, osteologia, Oste'ologie. 
 Osteologisch, osteological, Osteologique. 
 Osteolith, fossil bone, Oste"olite. 
 Osteotomie, osteotomia, Oste'otomie. 
 Osterblume, A. pulsatilla, s. Anemone. 
 Osterluzei, Aristolochia, Aristoloche. 
 Ostraceen, Ostraceae, Ostracees. 
 Otalgie, otalgia, Otalgie. 
 Otographie, otographia, Otographie. 
 Otoiogie, otologia, Otologie. 
 Otorrhoe, otorrhoea, Otorrhe'e. 
 Ototomie, ototomia, Ototomie. 
 Oulo-,Ulorrhagia,oulorrhagia,Oulorrhagie. 
 Ouronologie, ouronologia, Ouronologie. 
 Oxalsaure, oxalic acid, s. Oxalate. 
 Oxalsaure Salzo, oxalates, 
 Oxycrat, oxycratum, Oxycrat. 
 Oxyd, oxide, Oxyde. 
 Oxydation, oxydatio, Oxydation. 
 Oxydirt, oxydated, Oxyde. 
 Oxydirte Chlorinsaure, perchloric acid, s. 
 
 Chlorique. 
 Oxydirte ,Oxygen ir te Salzsaure, acidum 
 
 oxymuriaticum, Chlorine. 
 Oxydul, oxydulum, Oxydule. 
 Oxygen, oxygen, Oxygene. 
 Oxygenirt, oxygenated, Oxyge'ne. 
 Oxygenirt salzsaurer Kalkliquor, fluid 
 
 chloride of calcium, *. Chlorure. 
 Oxygenirung, oxygenatio, Oxygenation. 
 Oxygeusie, oxygeusia, Oxygeusie. 
 Ozene, ozaena, Ozene. 
 
 P. 
 
 PAN 
 
 Paarblattrig, oppositifolius, Oppositifoh'e. 
 Paarung, conjugatio, Conjugaison. 
 Paarung, copulatio, Copulation. 
 Pacchionische Driisen, glandulse Pacchio- 
 
 ni, s. Glande. 
 
 Pachycholie, pachycholia, Pachycolie. 
 Paleontographie, paleontographia, Paldon- 
 
 tograpnie. 
 
 Paleontologie,paleontologia,Pale'ontologie. 
 Palliative, palliatives, s. Palliation, 
 Palmen, Palmae, Palmiers. 
 Panacee, panacea, Panace'e. 
 Panaxgummi, -saft, opopanax, Opopanax. 
 Panikgras, Panicum, Panic. 
 Panikgras, gemeines, P. italicum, . 
 Pankreas, pancreas, Pancreas. 
 Pankreatisch, pancreatic, Pancreatique. 
 Paukreatischer Gang, pancreatic duct, 
 
 621 
 
 PAS 
 
 Pankreatischer Saft, succus pancreaticus, 
 
 s. Pancreatique. 
 Pansen, rumen, Panse. 
 Pantophaeie, pantophagia, Pantophagie. 
 Pappel, Malva, Mauve. 
 Pappel, Populus, Peuplier. 
 Paradieskorner, grana paradisi, s. Graine. 
 Parakyesis, Paracyesis, Paracyesie. 
 Paralyse, s. Lahmung. 
 Paralytisch, paralytic, Paralytique. 
 Paraplegic, paraplegia, Paraplegic. 
 Parenchyma, parenchyma, Parenchyme. 
 Pariskraut, Paris, Pariset. 
 Parotis, parotid gland, Parotide. 
 Paroxysm us, paroxysm, Paroxysme. 
 Passatwind, s. Monsoon. 
 Passionsblume, Passiflora, s. Passifloreet. 
 Pastinakc, Pastinaca saliva, s. Panais.
 
 PFE 
 
 Pastinax, Pastinaca, Panais. 
 Patelle, genieine, P. vulgata, s. Patelle. 
 Pathetisch, pathetic, Pathetique. 
 Pathetischer Nerv, nervus patheticus, 
 Pathogenie, pathogenia, Pathogenic. 
 Pathognomonisch, pathognomonic, *. 
 Pathognomonische Krankheitszeichen, 
 
 signs, s. Pathognomonique. 
 Pathographisch, graphic,Pathographique 
 Patholog, pathologist, Pathologiste. 
 Pathologic, pathology, Pathologic. 
 Pathologisch, pathological, Pathologique. 
 Pathologische Anatomic, anatomy, 
 Pauke, tympanum, Tympan. 
 Paukenfell, membrana tympani, 
 Paukenfellsaite, chorda tympani, s. Corde. 
 Paukenfellspanner, Tensor tympani, Sal- 
 
 pingo-Malle'en. 
 
 Paukenhdhle, cavitas tympani, s. Tympan, 
 Pech, pitch, Poix. 
 Pechhaube, pitch-cap, s. Dropax. 
 Pechpflaster, pitch-plaster, Dropax. 
 Peitschen mil Brennnesseln, s. Urtication. 
 Pelican, Pelicanus, Pelican. 
 Pemphigus, pemphigus, Pemphigus. 
 Pemphigusartig, phigoid, Pemphigoide. 
 Pentagynie, Pentagynia, Pentagynie. 
 Pentandrie, Pentandria, Pentandrie. 
 Perichondrium, chondrium,Perichondre. 
 Perigynisch, perigynous, Perigyne. 
 Perinaum, perinaeum, Pdrinee. 
 Periode, period, Periode. 
 Periodisch, periodical, Periodique. , J 
 
 Peripherie, periphery, Peripherie. 
 Peristaltisch,adj.,peristaltic,Pe"ristaltique. 
 Peristaltische Bewegung, peristaltic mo- 
 
 tion, Peristole. 
 
 Peritonaum, peritonaeum, Pe'ritoine. 
 Perle, Perlemutter, pearl, Nacre. 
 Perlenartig, pearl-like, Nacre". 
 Perlenauster, Avicula margaritifera, 
 Perlgerste, hordeum perlatum, s. Orge. 
 Perlgraupe, same, 
 Perlhuhn, Numida meleagris, s. Pintade. 
 Peroxyd, peroxide, Peroxide. 
 Pestartig, pestilential, Pestilentiel. 
 Pestessig, aromatic vinegar, s. Vinaigre. 
 Pestfieber, pestilential fever, Loimopyre. 
 Pestilenz, pestilence, Peste. 
 Pestilenzialisch, . Pestartig. 
 Pestilenzwurz, T. petasites, s. Tussllage. 
 Pestmittel, remedia antiloimica, s. 
 Pestwidrig, antiloimic, Anti-Loimique. 
 Petechien, Peteschen, petechia?, Pete'chies. 
 Petechialfieber, febris petechialis, 
 Petersilie, gemeine, Apium petroselinum, 
 
 Persil. 
 
 Petitscher Kanal, Petit's canal, s. Hyalo'ide. 
 Pfanned.Huftgelenks,acetabulum,Cotyle. 
 Pfeffer,PfefFerkorn,fructuspiperis,Poivre. 
 Pfefferbaum, Piper, Poivrier. 
 Pfeffermiinze, M. piperita, s. Menthe, 
 PfefFermiinzoljOleumMenthaepiperitse, - 
 PfefFermiinzwasser, Aqua Menthae , 
 Pfeffermunzw., geistiges, Spiritus , . 
 622 
 
 PHA 
 
 Pfefferschwamm, A. piperatus, s. Agaric. 
 Pfeilfb'rmig, sagittatus, Sagitte'. 
 Pfeilkraut, Sagittaria sagittifolia, 
 Pfeilnath, sutura sagittalis, 
 Pferdearzt, s. Rossarzt. 
 Pferdefenchel, P. aquaticum, s.Phellandre. 
 Pferdelaus, H. equina, s. Hippobosque. 
 Pferdeschweif, cauda equina, s. Queue. 
 Plerdestein, bezoar equinum, Hippolithe. 
 Pfersche, malum persicum, Peche. 
 Pferschenbaum,Amygdaluspersica,Pecher 
 Pflanze, Pflanzen, pi., plant, Planle. 
 Pflanzenanatomie, s. Phytotomie. 
 Pflanzengeographie, geography of plants, 
 
 Phytogeographie. 
 
 Pflanzengift, vegetable poison, s. Vegetal- 
 Pflanzenkenner, herbalist, Herboriste. 
 Pflanzenkrankheitslehre, s. Pflanzenpath- 
 
 ologie. 
 
 Pflanzenkunde, s. Phytologie. 
 Pflanzenmilch, f., vegetable milk, s. Lait. 
 Pflanzenpathologie, phytopathology, Phy- 
 
 topathologie. 
 
 Pflanzenphysiologie, vegetable physiolo- 
 gy, Phytophysiologie. 
 Pnanzenreich, kingdom, s. Vegetal. 
 Pflanzenschleim, m., mucus,Mucilage. 
 Pflanzenthier, phytozoon, Phytozoaire. 
 Pflanzenversteinerungen, phy tolithi, Phy- 
 
 tolithes. 
 
 Pflanzenwachsthum,vegetatio,Vege'tation 
 Pflanzenzergliederung, s. Phytotomie. 
 Pflaster, plaster, Emplastre. 
 Pflaumenbaum, P. domestica, s. Prunier. 
 Prlock, plug, Tampon. 
 Pflugscharbein, vomer, "Vomer. 
 Pfortader, vena portarum, s. Porte. 
 Pfortaderhohle, sinus vena; , s. Sinus. 
 
 Pfortadersystem, systema venae , 
 
 Pfortner, pylorus, Pylore. 
 Pfortnerklappe, valvula pylorica, 
 Pfortnervene, vena pylorica, 
 Pfpte, leg or paw, Patte. 
 Pfrieme, Spartium, Spartion. 
 Pfrieme, gemeine, S. scoparium, 
 Pfriemenf ormig, subulatus, Alene. 
 Piriemenfo'rmiges Blatt, folium subula- 
 
 tum, s. Subule. 
 
 Pfriemlich, subulatus, Subule. 
 Phalanen, Phalaenida, Phalenides. 
 Phanerogamen, plantae phanerogama?, s. 
 
 Phanerogame. 
 
 Phanerogamie, gamia, Phanerogamic. 
 Pharmaceutisch, ceutic,Pharmaceutique 
 Pharmaceutische Chemie, pharmaceutic 
 
 Chemistry, Pharmacochymie. 
 Pharmacie, pharmacy, Pharmacie. 
 Pharmakolog, cologist, Pharmacologiste. 
 Pharmakologie, cologia, Pharmacologie. 
 Pharmakologisch, pharmacological, Phar- 
 
 macologique. 
 
 Pharmakopoie, copoeia, Pharmacopee. 
 Pharynographie,pharyngographia,Pharyn- 
 
 ographie. 
 Pharyngologie, logia, Pharyngologie.
 
 PLA 
 
 Pharyngotom, tomus, Pharyngotome. 
 Phaseole, Phaseolus. Haricot. 
 Phanomenologie, phenomenology, Pheno- 
 
 menologie. 
 
 Philosoph, philosopher, Philosophe. 
 Philosophie, philosophy. Philosophic. 
 Philosophisch,philosophical,Philosophique 
 Phiole, phial, Fiole. 
 Phlebologie, phlebology, Phlebologie. 
 Phlegmasien, Phlegmasiae, Phlegmasies. 
 Phlegmatisch, phlegmatic, Phlegmatique. 
 PhlegmatischesTemperament,phlegmatic 
 
 temperament, 
 Phlegme, phlegma, Phlegme. 
 Phosphor, phosphorus, Phosphore. 
 Phosphoreszenz, phosphorescence, Phos- 
 phorescence. 
 
 Phosphoreszirend, cent,Phosphorescent. 
 Phosphorigsaure, phosphorous acid, s. 
 
 Phosphite. 
 
 Phosphorigsaure Salze, phosphites, 
 Phosphorsaure,phosphoric acid,*. Phosphate 
 Phosphorsaure Salze, phosphates, 
 Phrenolog, phrenologist, Phrenologiste. 
 Phrenologie, phrenology, Phrenologie. 
 Phrenologisch, logical, Phrenologique. 
 Phthisisch, phthisical, Phthisique. 
 Phthor, Phthorine, phthoron, Phthore. 
 Physik, physics, Physique. 
 Physiognomie, ognomy, Physiognomic. 
 Physiognomonik, same, 
 Physiographisch, physiographical, Physio- 
 
 graphique. 
 
 Physiolog, physiologist, Physiologiste. 
 Physiologie, physiology, Physiologie. 
 Physiologisch,physiological,Physiologique 
 Physkonie, physconia, Physconie. 
 Phytograph, phytographist, Phytographe. 
 Phy tographie,phy tography, Phy tographie. 
 
 Phytographisch, phytographical, Phyto- 
 
 graphique. 
 
 Phytolithologie, phytolithology, Phytoli- 
 tbologie. 
 
 Phytologie, phytology, Phytologie, 
 
 Phytotomie, phytotomy, Phytotomie. 
 
 Pikrotoxin, picrotoxina, Picrotoxine. 
 
 Pille, pilula, Pilule. 
 
 Pilz, agaric, Agaric. 
 
 Pilzsaure, fungic acid, s. Fongate. 
 
 Pilzsaure Salze, fungates, 
 
 Pimpernelle, Pimpinella, Boucage. 
 
 Pimpernelltinctur,Tinct. Pimpinellse, 
 
 Pippin, Pippin, Pepin. 
 
 Pisang, Musa, Bananier. 
 
 Pistazie, pistachio-nut, Pistache. 
 
 Pistazienbaum, P. terebinthus, Pistachier. 
 
 Pistill, pistil, Pistil. 
 
 Plastisch, plastic, Plastique. 
 
 Plastischer Thon, plastic clay, 
 
 Platina, platina, Platine. 
 
 Plattchen, lamella, Lamelle. 
 
 Platte, lamina, Lamelle. 
 
 Platterbse, Lathyrus, Gesse. 
 
 Plattfisch, Pleuronectes, Pleuronecte. 
 
 Plattfische,Pleuronectidae,Pleuronectides. 
 
 623 
 
 PUL 
 
 Plattmutze, pileolus, Calotte. 
 
 Pleuresie, pleuritis, Pleuresie. 
 
 Pleuritisch, pleuritic, Pleuretique. 
 
 Pneumatisch, pneumatic, Pneumatique. 
 
 Pneumatische Chemie, pneumatic Chemis- 
 try, Pneumato-Chimie. 
 
 Pneumatischer Apparat, pneumatic appa- 
 ratus, s. Pneumatique. 
 
 Pneumato-chemisches Werkzeug, pneu- 
 mato-chemical , s. Pneumato-Chimique. 
 
 Pneumonisch, pneumonic, Pneumonique. 
 
 Podagra, podagra, Podagre. 
 
 Podagriscn, podagral, 
 
 Polyadelphie, Polyadelphia, Polyadelphie. 
 
 Polyandrie, Polyandria, Polyandrie. 
 
 Polychrestsalz, sal polychrestus, s, Poly- 
 chreste. 
 
 Polygamie, Polygamia, Polygamie. 
 
 Polyp, polypus, Polype. 
 
 Polypharmacie, macy, Polypharmacie. 
 
 Polysarkie, polysarcia, Polysarcie. 
 
 Pomade, pomatum, Pommade. 
 
 Pomeranze, orange, Orange. 
 
 Pomeranzenbaum, C. aurantium, Granger. 
 
 Pomeranzenbliithenwasser, Aqua de flori- 
 bus Citri aurantii, 
 
 Pomeranzenfarbig, orange, Orangd. 
 
 Pomeranzenschale,getrooknete,cortexAu- 
 rantii exsiccata, *. Granger. 
 
 Pore, Poren, pi., porus, Pore. 
 
 Poros, porosus, Poreux. 
 
 Porrelauch, Allium porrum, Poireau. 
 
 Potasche, potassa, Potasse, 
 
 Potentille, Potentilla, Quintefeuille. 
 
 Pottfisch, Physeter, Physetere. 
 
 Presse des Herophilus, torcular Herophi- 
 li, Confluent des Sinus. 
 
 Priapismus, priapism, Priapisme. 
 
 Prismatisch, prismatic, Prismatique. 
 
 Prismatische Farben, prismatic colours, s. 
 Dioplrique. 
 
 Probe, Probirkunst, docimasia, Docimasie. 
 
 Product, product, Produit. 
 
 Prognose, prognosis, Prognostic. 
 
 Prognostisch, prognostic, Prognostique. 
 
 Progression, progressio, Progression. 
 
 Protomedicus, s. Oberarzt. 
 
 Protoxyd, protoxide, Protoxyde. 
 
 Provinzrose, Itosa gallica, s. Rosier. 
 
 Priifung, docimasia, Docimasie. 
 
 Psalterformiger Korper, corpus psalloides, 
 s. Corps. 
 
 Psychologic, psychology, Psychologic. 
 
 Psychologisch, logical, Psychologique. 
 
 Psychrometer, metrum, Psychrometre. 
 
 Pteropoden, Pteropoda, Pteropodes. 
 
 Ptisane, ptisan, Ptisane. 
 
 Puls, pulse, Pouls. 
 
 Pulsader, artery, Artere. 
 
 Pulsader, kleine, arteriola, Artdriole. 
 
 Pulsadergeschwullst, *. Aneurysma. 
 
 Pulsiren, pulsatio, Pulsation. 
 
 Pulslehre, ars sphygmica, s. Sphygmique. 
 
 Pulslosigkeit, asphyxia, Asphyxie. 
 
 Pulsmesser, sphygometer, Sphygometre.
 
 PUB 
 
 Pulver, powder, Poudre. 
 Puiverisirung, ization, Pulverisation. 
 Punkt, point, Point. 
 Punktur, punctura, Ponction. 
 Pupille, pupil, Pupille. 
 Pupillenbildung, kunstliche, pupillae arti- 
 
 ncialis formatio, 
 Purgierkorner, Euphorbia lathyris, s. E- 
 
 purge. 
 
 Purgiermittel, purgantia, s. Purgation. 
 Purgircassie, Cassia fistula, s. Casse. 
 Purpurroth, purpureus, Pourpre. 
 Purpurrothe Platterbse, JL. cicera,*. Gesse. 
 Purpursaure, purpuric acid, s. Purpurate. 
 Purpursaure Salze, purpurates, 
 
 PYR 
 
 Pyogenie, pyogenia, Pyogenie, 
 Pyramide, pyramid, Pyramide. 
 Pyramiden des verlangerten Markes, py- 
 
 ramides medulke oblongatae, 
 Pyramidenformig, pyramidal, Pyramidal. 
 Pyramidenkorper, s. Pyramiden. 
 Pyramidenmuskel des Bauchs, Pyramida- 
 
 lis abdominis, s. Pyramidal. 
 Pyramidenmuskel der Nase, Pyramidalis 
 
 nasi, 
 
 Pyretologe, pyretologist, Pyr^tologiste. 
 Pyretologie, pyretology, Pyre'tologie. 
 Pyrologie, pyrology, Pyrologie. 
 Pyrometer, pyrometer, Pyrometre. 
 Pyrotechnie, pyrotechnia, Pyrotechnic. 
 
 Q. 
 
 QUE 
 
 QUI 
 
 Quacksalber, charlatan, Medicastre. 
 Quadrupeden, Quadrupeda, Tetrapodes. 
 Quarantaine, quarantine, Quarantaine. 
 Quappe, Gadus lota, s. Gade. 
 Quassia, Quassia, Quassia. 
 Quassiaextract, Extractum Quassias, 
 Quecksilber, lydrargyrum, Hydrargyre. 
 Quecksilberdeutochlorur, deutochloride of 
 
 quicksilver, s. Chlorure. 
 Quecksilbereinreibung,hydrargyrosis,Hy- 
 
 drargyrose. 
 
 Quecksilberkrankheit, ^yria,Hydrargyrie 
 Quecksilbermittel, mercurials, s. Mercurief. 
 Quecksilberniederschlag, weisser, prrecipi- 
 
 tatum hydrargyri album, s. Mercure. 
 Quecksilberoxyd, oxydum hydrargyri, 
 Quecksilberprotochloriir, protochloride of 
 
 quicksilver, s. Chlorure. 
 Quecksilbersalbe, Unguentum hydrargy- 
 
 ri, s. Mercure. 
 Quecksilbersalpetersalbe, Unguentum ni- 
 
 tratis hydrargyri, 
 Queer, Quer, transverse, Transversal. 
 Queerblutleiter, sinus trans versi, 
 Queere Fortsatze oder Queerfortsatze, 
 
 processus transversi, 
 Queere Halsschlagader, arteria transver- 
 
 salis colli, 
 Queere Schulterblutader, arteria trans ver- 
 
 salis scapulae, 
 
 Queerer Bauchmuskel, Transversalis ab- 
 dominis, s. Transversal. 
 
 Queerer Dammuskel, perinsei, . 
 
 Queergrimmdarm.transverse colon,*. Colon 
 
 Queermuskel der Fusssohle, Transversa- 
 lis pedis, 
 
 Queermuskel des Nackens, Tr. colli, 
 
 Queermuskel des Ohrs, Transversus au- 
 ris, Concho-Anthelicien. 
 
 Queerscheidewand, septum transversum, 
 s. Cloison. 
 
 Queerschlitz des grossen, des kleinen 
 Gehirns, fissura transversa cerebri, 
 cerebelli, s. Fente. 
 
 Queerwand, sepimentum, s. Diaphragme. 
 
 Quellwasser, spring-water, s. Eau, 
 
 Quendel, s. Wilder Thimian. 
 
 Querchbruch, transverse fracture (of a 
 bone), s. Fracture. 
 
 Quetschung, contusio, Contusion. 
 
 Quintanfieber, febris quintana^s.Quintane. 
 
 Quirl, verticillus, Verticille. 
 
 Quirlartig, verticillatus, Verticille'. 
 
 Quirlformig, same, 
 
 Quitte, malum cydonium, Coign. 
 
 Quittenbaum, Cydonia, Coignassier. 
 
 Quittenlatwerge, cydoniacum, Cotignac. 
 
 Quittensamen, semina Cydoniae, *. Coig- 
 nassier. 
 
 Quittenschleim, Mucilago seminum , 
 
 R. 
 
 RAD 
 
 Rabenahnlich, -artig, coracoid, Coraco'ide. 
 Rabenschnabelformig, same, 
 Rabenschnabelformiger Fortsatz, s. 
 Rabenschnabelfortsatz.coracoid process, 
 Rabenschnabeloberarmmuskel, s. Haken- 
 
 armmuskel. 
 
 Rachenenge, isthmus faucium, s. Islhrnc. 
 Rachenbraune, isthmitis, Isthmite. 
 Rachiotom, rachiotomus, Rachiotome. 
 Ra'dthiere, Rotifera, Rotifere. 
 624 
 
 RAN 
 
 Radformig. rotaceous, Rotace. 
 
 Radfbrmige Blumenkrone, corolla, 
 
 Radialgegend, radial region, s. Radial. 
 
 Radialseite des Oberarms, radial border of 
 fore-arm, 
 
 Ralle, Ilallus, Rale. 
 
 Ramschelwurzel, s. Knoblauchkraut. 
 
 Rand, border, Bord. 
 
 Rand, oberer des Wangenbeins, margo su- 
 perior ossis zygomatici,
 
 REI 
 
 Randstandig, marginalis, Marginal. 
 Ranke, Ranken, pi., cirrhus, cirrhi, Cirrhe. 
 Rankenformig, cirrhiform, Cirrhiforme. 
 Rankentragend, cirrhiferus, Cirrhifere. 
 Rankentreibend,sarmentosus,Sarmenteux 
 Rankig, cirrhosus, Cirrheux. 
 Ranunkel, Ranunculus, Renoncule. 
 Ranunkelgewachse, Ranunculacese, Re- 
 
 nonculace'es. 
 
 Rasend, maniacal, Maniacal. 
 Raserie, mania, Manie. 
 Ratanhie-Wurzel, radix Ratanhiae, 5. .Ra- 
 
 tanhia. 
 
 Rathversammlung, coenologia, Coenologie. 
 Rauberisch, Raubgierig, rapacious,Rapace. 
 Rauch, smoke, Fumee. 
 Rauchbeere, Empetrum, Camarine. 
 Rauchschwalbe. H. rustica, s. Hirondelle. 
 Rauh, austere, rough, Austere, Aigre. 
 Rauhigkeit, asperity, Asperite'. 
 Rauhreif, hoar-frost, Givre. 
 Raupe, Raupen, pi., caterpillar, Chenille. 
 Rausche, crapula, Crapule. 
 Raute, rhomb, s. Rhombo'idal. 
 Haute, Ruta, Rue. 
 
 Rautenformig, rhomboides, Rhombo'idal. 
 Rautenformiges Blatt, rhomboid leaf, 
 Rautenmuskeln, Rhomboidei, s. Dorso- 
 
 Scapulaire. 
 
 Rebendolde, CEnanthe, (Enanthe. 
 Rebendolde, holrohrichte, CE. fistulosa, 
 Recept, formular, Formulaire. 
 Rechte Hand, right hand, s. Droit. 
 Rechte Kopfarterie, right carotid artery, 
 
 s. Carolide. 
 
 Rechteckig, rectangular, Rectangulaire. 
 Rechter Vorhof oderVorkammer, right au- 
 
 ricle, s. Oreilletie. 
 
 Rechtes Herzohr, , s. Sinus. 
 
 Recidiv, recurrence, Recidive. 
 Rectificirt, rectified, Rectifie. 
 Rectificirter Weingeist, rectified spirit, 
 Rectificirung, rectificatio, Rectification. 
 Regellos, erratic, Erratique. 
 Regelmassig, regular, Regulier. 
 Regelwidrig, s. Anomalisch, 
 Regelwidrigkeit, s. Anomalie. 
 Regen, rain, Pluie. 
 Regenbogen, rainbow, Arc-en-Ciel. 
 Regenbogenhaut, iris, Iris. 
 Regenbrachvogel, N. phseopus, . Courlis. 
 Regenwasser, rain-water, s. Eau. 
 Regenwurm, L. terrestris, s. Lombrio. 
 Reiben, *. Einreiben. 
 Reibstein, stone-slab, Mollette. 
 Reif, rime, Bruine. 
 Reife, maturity, Maturite'. 
 Reine Sode, pure soda, s. Soude. 
 Reinigen nach oben, anacatharsis, Anaca- 
 
 tharsie. 
 
 Reinigend, cathartic, Cathartique. 
 Reinigende Mittel, remedia cathartica, 
 Reinigung, catharsis, Catharsie. 
 Reinigung des Darmkanals, purgatio in- 
 
 testinorum, 
 
 625 
 
 RIN 
 
 Reinigung, depuratio, Depuration. 
 Reiss, Oryza, Riz. 
 Reissblei, graphites, Graphite. 
 Reiten, horse-exercise, Equitation. 
 Reizbar, irritabilis, Irritable. 
 Reizbarkeit, excitability, Excitabilite. 
 Reizbarkeit, irritability, Irritabilite. 
 Reizend, irritating, Irritant. 
 Reizlosbarkeit,inirritability,Ane'rdsthesie. 
 Reizung, erethism, Erethisme. 
 Reizung, excitement, Excitement. 
 Reizung, irritation, Irritation. 
 Remission, remissio, Re'mission. 
 Remittirendes Fieber, remittent fever, _ 
 Reproduction, reproductio, Reproduction. 
 Reptilien, Reptilia, Reptiles. 
 Respirationsorgane, organs of respiration, 
 
 *. Pneumatique. 
 Retorte, retort, Cornue. 
 Rettig, Raphanus, Raifort. 
 Rettig, gemeiner od. Garten-, Radis. 
 Rettungsmittel, remedy, s. Alemtere. 
 Rhabarber, Rheum, Rhubarbe. 
 Rhabarber, achte, R. palmatum, 
 Rhabarber, thracische, R. rhaponticum, 
 Rhabarberextract, Extractum Rhei, 
 Rhabarbersaft, Syrupus Rhei, 
 Rhabarbertinctur, Tinctura Rhei, 
 Rheinfallkraut, Rheinfarrn, gemeiner, Ta- 
 
 nacetum vulgare, s. Tanaisie. 
 Rheumatisch, rheumatic, Rhumatique. 
 Rheumatischer Brustschmerz, pleurody- 
 
 nia, Pleurodynie. 
 Rheumatisch. Schmerz, chronischer, rheu- 
 
 rnatalgia, Rhumatalgie. 
 Rheumatisches Fieber, rheumatopyra, 
 
 Rhumatopyre. 
 Rheumatismus, acuter, chronischer, a- 
 
 cute chronic rheumatism,! Rhumatisme 
 Rhinoplastik, plastica, Rhinoplastique. 
 Rhotacismus, rhotacismus, Rotacisme. 
 Rhythmus, rhythm, Rhythme. 
 Ricinusol, oleum Ricini, s. Ricin. 
 Riechend, odorous, Odorant. 
 Riechlehre, s. Geruchslehre. 
 Riemen, strap, s. Splenius. 
 Riemenmuskel, s. Bauschmuskel. 
 Riese, giant, Geant. 
 Riesen, sternutatio, Eternument. 
 Riesenlehre, giantology, Gigantologie. 
 Riesennmssig, gigantic, Geant. 
 Rindauge, Buphthalmum, Buphthalme. 
 Rinde, cortex, Ecorce. 
 Rindenartig, corticatus, Cortiqueux- 
 Ring, annulus, Anneau. 
 Ringbander,annularligaments,.^fwnw/aJr*. 
 Ringelblume, Calendula, Souci. 
 Ringelblume, Feld-, C. arvensis, 
 Ringelblume, gewohnliche, C. officinalis, 
 Ringelnatter, Coluber natrix,s. Couleuvre. 
 Ringeltaube, Columba palumbus,s.Pi^eon. 
 Ringfinger, *. Goldfinger. 
 Ringfbrmig, annular, Annulaire, Crico'ide. 
 Ring-giessbeckenmuskel, hinterer, Crico- 
 
 arytaenoideus post,,*. Crico-Aryteno'idien. 
 
 2Y
 
 JIOS 
 
 Ring-giessbeckenmuskel, seitlicher, s.Seit- 
 
 licher. 
 
 Ringknorpel, cricoid cartilage, s. Cricdide. 
 Ringknorpelluftrohrenband, ligamentum 
 
 crico-tracheale, s. Crico-Tracheal. 
 Ringknorpelschildknorpelmuskel, Crico- 
 
 Tnyroiaeus, Crico-Thyroidien. 
 RingknorpelschlundmuskeljCrico-Pharyn- 
 
 geus, Cricq-Pharyngien. 
 Ringmuskel, Orbicularis, Orbiculaire. 
 Ringschildknorpelschlundmuskel,C.-Thy- 
 ro-Pharyngeus,Crico-Thyro-Pharyngien. 
 Rinne, groove, Coulisse. 
 Rinnen, gutters, s. Gouttiere. 
 Rippe, Rippen, pi., rib, Cote. 
 Rippen, falsche, kurze, untere, costse spu- 
 
 rise, breves, inferiores (asternales), 
 Rippen, lange, obere, wahre, costse longse, 
 
 superiores, verse (sternales), 
 Rippenfell, pleura costalis, s- Plevre. 
 Rippenhalter, Scalenus, Scalene. 
 Rippenhalter, hinterer, S. posterior, 
 Rippenheber,Levatorcostarum,s.J?e/e??eMr. 
 Rippenknorpel, costal cartilage, s. Costal. 
 Rippenkopfchen, capitulum costse, s. Cos- 
 
 to- Vertebral. 
 
 Rippen weh, dolor lateris, s. Cote. 
 Rispe, panicula, Panicule. 
 Rispenartig, paniculatus, Panicule. 
 Rispenbliithig, Rispenformig, same, 
 Riss, rima, Crevasse. 
 Risse, rhagades, Rhagades. 
 Rissig, rimosus, Crevasse. 
 Rittersporn, Delphinium, Dauphinelle. 
 Robbe, Phoca, Phoque. 
 Robbenf'ell, seal-skin, 
 Robbenthran, seal-oil, 
 Rocambole, s. Aberlauch. 
 Roche, Raia, Raie. 
 Roggen, Secale, Seigle. 
 Ron, crudus, Cru. 
 
 RoherSpiessglanz,antimonium crudum, 
 Rohfleischesser,homopha^us,Homophage. 
 Rohheit, cruditas, Crudite. 
 Rohr, cauna, Canne. 
 Rohrchen, canula, Canule. 
 Rohre, s. Kanal. 
 Rohre, tubus, Tube. 
 Rohrencassia, C. fistula, s. Casse. 
 Rohren-manna, s. Manna. 
 Rohrgeschwiir, -wunde, fistula, Fistule. 
 Rohng, fistulosus, Fistuleux. 
 Rolle, trochlea, Trochlee. 
 Rollmuskel des Auges, Trochlearis oculi, 
 
 Trochleateur. 
 
 Romische Kiimmel, Cuminum, Cumin. 
 Romisches Kiimmelol, Oleum Cumini, 
 Romisches Kiimmelpflaster, Empl. , 
 Rose, Rosa, Rosier. 
 Rosenader, grosse, kleine, vena saphe- 
 
 na major, minor, s. Saphene. 
 
 Rosenartig, erysipelatous, Erysipelateux. 
 Rosenartig, rosaceus, Rosace. 
 Rosenconserve, Cons. Rosarum, s. Rosier. 
 Rosenessig, Acetum rosatum, 
 
 626 
 
 RUC 
 
 Rosen-Familie, Rosacese, Rosacees. 
 
 Rosenhonig, Mellitum de Rosis, 
 
 Rosenjulep, Julapium rosatum, 
 
 Rosenmennige, s. Bleioxyd, rothes. 
 
 Rosenbl, Oleum Rosarum, s. Rosier. 
 
 Rosensalbe, Unguentum rosatum, 
 
 Rosenstrauch, 5. Rose. 
 
 Rosen tinctur, sauerliche, Tinctura Rosa- 
 rum acidula, s. Rosier. 
 
 Rosenwasser, Aqua Rosarum, 
 
 Rosine, uva passa, s. Vigne. 
 
 Rosmarin, R. officinalis, s. Romarin. 
 
 Rosmarinol, Oleum Rorismarini, 
 
 Rosmarinsalbe, zusammengesetzte,Ungu- 
 entum Rorismarini compositum, 
 
 Rosmarinspiritus, Spiritus Rorismarini, 
 
 Rossaloe, Aloe caballina, s. Aloes. 
 
 Rossarzt, hippiatrus, Hippiatre. 
 
 Rossheilkunde, hippiatria, Hippiatrique. 
 
 Rosskastanie, CEsculus, Marronier. 
 
 Rosskastanienextract, Extractum (Esculi 
 hippocastani, 
 
 Rosskastanienrinde, cortex , 
 
 Rost, rust, Rouille. 
 
 Rostfarbig, rubiginosus, Rouille. 
 
 Rotation, rotatio, Rotation. 
 
 Roth, red, Rouge. 
 
 Rothbarbe, M. barbatus, s. Mulle. 
 
 Rothe, erythema, Erytheme. 
 
 Rotheln, rubeola, Rougeole. 
 
 Rothes Fieber, scarlet fever, s. Rouge. 
 
 Rdthlich, erythroides, Erythroide. 
 
 Rothlich, reddish, Rouge'atre. 
 
 Rothmachen, rubefactio, Rubefaction. 
 
 Rothmachend, rubefaciens, Rubefiant. 
 
 Rothmachende Mittel, rubefacientia, 
 
 Riicken, dorsum, DOS. 
 
 Riicken der Nase, ridge of nose, s. Rachis. 
 
 Ruckendarre, tabes dorsalis, s. Dorsal. 
 
 Riickenfloss, dorsal fin, 
 
 Ruckengefass, dorsal vessel, 
 
 Riickengegend, dorsal region, 
 
 Riickenkrampf, t. posticus, s. Tetanos. 
 
 Riickenmark, medulla spinalis, s. Moelle. 
 
 Riickenmarkskanal, canalis , s. Vertebral. 
 
 Riickenmarkslahmung, rachioparalysis, 
 Rachioparalyse. 
 
 Ruckenmarksnerven,nervispinales,s.JVr/". 
 
 Ruckenmarksschlagadern,hinteren,arterioe 
 spinales posteriores, s. Spinal. 
 
 RiickenmarksschLvord., anteriores, 
 
 Ruckenmuskeln, dorsal muscles, s. Dorsal. 
 
 Rvickennerven, nerves, s. Nerf. 
 
 Riicken- oder Mittelrippe, mid-rib, Rachis. 
 
 Ruckenschild, testa, Carapace. 
 
 Ruckenschlagader des Fusses, arteria dor- 
 salis pedis, s. Pedieux. 
 
 Riickenschmerz, notalgia, Notalgie. 
 
 Ruckenstuck, spine, Echine. 
 
 Riickentheil, dorsal portion, s. Dorsal. 
 
 Riicken wirbel, dorsal vertebra, 
 
 Riickerinnerung, anamnesis, Anamne"sie. 
 
 Riickfall einer Krankheit, relapse of a dis- 
 ease, Re'chute. 
 
 Ri'cfcgrat, spina dorsi, Rachis.
 
 RUN 
 
 Riickgratshohle, spinal cavity,s.Rachiolome 
 Itlickgratskrankheit, s. Kakorachite. 
 Ruckgratskrankheit, rachitis, Rachite. 
 Riickgratsschmerz, rachialgia, Rachialgie. 
 Riickgratstrecker, iiusserer, Sacro-lumba- 
 
 lis, Sacro-Lombaire. 
 Riickgratstrecker, innerer, Longissimus 
 
 dorsi, s. Dorsal. 
 
 Riickgratswassersucht, Hydrorachis. 
 Riickwarts-gekriimmt, recurvatus, s. Ai- 
 
 Ruckwartsdreher, supinator, Supinateur. 
 Ruder, gubernaculum, Gouvernail. 
 Ruhr, dysentery, Dysenteric. 
 Ruhrmittel, terica, Anti-dysenteriques. 
 Rundblattrig, rotundifolius, Rotunditblie'. 
 Runder Armmuskel, s. Runder. 
 Runder Kurbiss, C. pepo, s. Courge. 
 
 RUT 
 
 Runder Vorwartsdreher, Protiator radii 
 
 teres, s. Rond. 
 
 Rund-erhaben, convexus, Convexe. 
 Rundes Fenster, fen. rotunda, s. Fenfire. 
 Rundes Leberband, ligamentum terea he- 
 
 patis, s. Rond. 
 
 Rundwurm, A. lumbricoides, s. Ascaride. 
 Runzel, ruga, Ride. 
 Runzelig, rugosus, Rugueux. 
 Runzelige, rugositas, Rugosite. 
 RunzeJn, corrugatio, Corrugation. 
 Riissel, proboscis, Trompe, 
 Russig, Russfarbig, sooty, Fuligineux. 
 Ruthe, s. Mannliches Glied. 
 Ruthenformig, rabdoides, Rabdol'de. 
 Ruthenkraut, Ferula, Ferule. 
 Ruthenschlagader, tiefe, arteria profunda 
 
 penis, s. Profond. 
 
 S. 
 
 SAG 
 
 Saame, s. Same. 
 
 Sabadillsamen, sabadilla, Cevadille. 
 
 Sabadillsaure. cevadic acid, s. Cevadique. 
 
 Sabelformig, sabre-shaped, Acinacifbrme. 
 
 Sabelfortsatz, processus ensif.,s.Ensiforme. 
 
 Sack, saccus, Sac. 
 
 Sackf'ormig, sacciformis, Sacciforme. 
 
 Sackgeschwulst, s. Balggeschwulst. 
 
 Sackwassersucht, encysted dropsy, a. IJy- 
 
 dropisie. 
 
 Sadebaum, Juniperus sabina, Sabine. 
 Sadebaumblatter, folia Sabina?, 
 Sadebaumextract, Extractum Sabinae, 
 Sadebaumol, Oleum Sabinae, 
 Sadebaumtinctur, Tinctura Sabinae, 
 Saff'ran, s. Saf'ran. 
 Saflor, C. tinctorius, s. Carthame. 
 Saflorkorner, semina C. tinctorii, 
 Safran, Safranpflanze, Crocus, Safran. 
 Safran, cultivirte, Crocus sativus, 
 Safran, wilder, s. Saflor. 
 Safranextract, Extractum Croci, 
 Safranfarbig, Safrangelb, croceus, Safrane. 
 SafranhaltigeOpiumtinctur, Tinctura Op- 
 
 ii crocata, s. Opium. 
 Safransyrup, Syrupus Croci, 
 Safrantinctur, Tinctura Croci, 
 SaftjSafte, pl.,humour,humours,Humeur. 
 Saft, succus, Jus, Sue. 
 Saftig, succulentus, Succulent. 
 Saftmangel, oligochymia, Oligochymie. 
 Saftpflaster, plaster of juices, Diachylon. 
 Sagapengummi, sagapenum, Sagapenum. 
 Sage, serra, s. Denlelure. 
 Sagemuskel, s. Grosser, und Hinterer. 
 Sagemuskeln, musculi serrati, s. Serre. 
 Sagespanartig, scobiformis, Scobiforme. 
 Sagezahn, serratura, Dentelure. 
 Sagezahnig, serratus, Serrd. 
 Sagokorner, Sagu, sago, Sagou. 
 Sagubaum, Sagus, Sagoutier. 
 Saguholzwurm, C. palmarum, s. Calandre. 
 
 627 
 
 SAM 
 
 Saite, chorda, Corde. 
 Salat, Lactuca, Laitue. 
 Salatartig, oleraceus, Ole'race. 
 Salbarzt, iatralipta, latralepte. 
 Salbbader, Salbmeister, alipta, Alipte. 
 Salbe, unguentum, Onguent. 
 Salben, to anoint, s. Alipte. 
 Salbeubiichse, salve-box, Boitier. 
 Salbennuss, s. Myrobalane. 
 Salbey, Sal via, Sauge. 
 Salbung, unction, Onction. 
 Salepwurzel, bulbus O. masculae, s. Salep. 
 Salivirung, salivatio, Salivation. 
 Salpetersaure, nitric acid, s. Nitrate. 
 Salpetersaure Salze, nitrates, 
 Salpetersaures Kali, nitrate of potass, 
 Salpetersaures Quecksilber, nitrate of 
 
 quicksilver, 
 
 Salpetersaures Silber, nitrate of silver, 
 Salpeterstoffgas, oxydulirtes, protoxide of 
 
 azote, s. Nitreux. 
 
 Salpetrigsaure, nitrous acid, s. Nitrite. 
 Salz, salt, Cel. 
 
 Salzather, aether muriaticus, s. Ether. 
 Salzathergeist, jEther alcoolatus, 
 Salzbereitungskunst,-technia,Halotechnie 
 Salzbeschreibung, -graphia, Halographie. 
 Salzbrunnen, saline springs, s. Saline. 
 Salzchemie, halochemia, Halochimie. 
 Salzig, saline, Salin. 
 Salzkraut, Salsola, Soude. 
 Salzquellen, s. Salzbrunnen. 
 Salzsaure,hydrochloricacid,s.Hyrfroc/i/ora/e 
 Salzsaure Eisentinctur, s. Eisentinctur. 
 Salzsaurer Bary t, murias barytae, s. Barite. 
 Salzsaures Ammonium, hydrochloras am- 
 
 moniae, s. Hydrochlorate. 
 Salzsaures Sodiumoxyd, sodii, 
 Salzsiederei, salina, Saline. 
 Salz- oder See-wasser, sea-water, s. Eau. 
 Same, seed, Graine, Semence. 
 Samen,SamenfeuchtigkeitjSemen,Spernic.
 
 SAM 
 
 Samenabfiihrungsgange, vasa deferentia, 
 
 s. Spermatique. 
 
 Samenaderbruch, cirsocele, Cirsocele. 
 Samenadergeschwullst, same, 
 Samenahnlich, sperm-like, Gonoide. 
 Samenbehalter, -theca, Spermatotheque. 
 Samenbereitend, poeus, Spermatope. 
 Samenbereitende Mittel, remedia sperma- 
 
 atopoietica, 
 
 Samenblaschen, vesiculte seminales, s. Se- 
 minal. 
 
 Samenblattchen,foliaseminalia,s.C0/yerfon. 
 Samenblatter, same, *. Seminal. 
 Samenboden, Samenhalter, spermaphorus, 
 
 s. Placenta. 
 
 Samenbruch, gonocele, Gonocele. 
 Samenbruch des Hodens, spermatocele, 
 
 Spermatocele. 
 Samendecke, arilla, Arille. 
 Samenfistel, fistula seminalis, s. Seminal. 
 Samenfluss, *. Gonorrhoe. 
 Samenfluss, seminis incontinentia, Sper- 
 
 matorrhe'e. 
 
 Samenfressend, phagus, Spermatophage. 
 Samenfuss, podospermium, Podosperme. 
 Samengang, vas deferens, s. Deferent. 
 Samengange, viae seminales, s. Voie. 
 Samengefasse, vasa seminalia, 5. Seminal. 
 Samengeflechte, plexus spermatic!, 
 Samengrube, hilum, Hile. 
 Samenhalter,spermophorus,Spermophore. 
 Samenhaut, Samenhiille, spermoderma, s. 
 
 Tegument* 
 
 Samenhaut, mittlere, s. Sarcoderm. 
 Samenhiigel, colliculus seminalis, veru- 
 
 montanum, Verumontanum. 
 Samenhiille, perigonium, Perigone. 
 Samenkapsel, c. seminalis, s. Capsule. 
 Samenkorn, grain, Graine. 
 Samenkrone, pappus, Aigrette. 
 Samenkuchen, seminal lobes, s. Cotyledon. 
 Samenlappen, same, 
 Samenlappenkorper, corpus cotyledone- 
 
 um, s. Corps. 
 Samenlappenlose Gewachse, plantse aco- 
 
 tyledoneae, . Acotyledon. 
 Samenlehre, spermatology,Spermatologie. 
 Samenleiter, s. Samenabfuhrungsgange. 
 Samenlos, aspermus, s. Aspermatlsme. 
 Samenlose Pflanzen, plantae aspermse, 
 Samenmangel, atismus, Aspermatisme. 
 Samenmilch, emulsio, Emulsion. 
 Samenschale, lorica, Lorique, s., also, Test. 
 Samenschlagadern, arterite spermaticse, s. 
 
 Spermatique. 
 
 Samenschneller, *. Harnschneller. 
 Samenstaub, pollen, Pollen. 
 Samenstrang, spermatic cord, s. Cordon. 
 Samenlhierchen, spermatic animalcula, 
 
 Spermatozoaires. 
 Samentragende Gefasse, vasa seminifera, 
 
 . Seminifere. 
 
 Samenversteinerung, olite, Spermolithe. 
 Samenwerkzeuge, organa spermatopcea, s. 
 
 Spermatope. 
 
 628 
 
 SCH 
 
 Sammetblume, Amarantus, Amaranthe. 
 
 Sammlung, collection, Collection. 
 
 Sandaal, -fisch, A. tobianus, s. Ammodyte. 
 
 Sandbad, sandbath, Ammochosie. 
 
 Sandrloh, Pulex penetrans, s. Puce. 
 
 Sandnatter, s. Ammodyteschlange. 
 
 Sanguinisch, sanguineous, Sanguin. 
 
 Santillbaum, S. album, s. Santalin. 
 
 Sarcoderm, sarcodermis, Sarcoderme. 
 
 Sarcologie, sarcologia, Sarcologie. 
 
 Sarcomatos, sarcomatous, Sarcomateux. 
 
 Sarcomatose Entartung des Hodens, sarco- 
 matous degeneration of the testis, 
 
 Sarsaparille, S. sarsaparilla, s. Salsepareille. 
 
 Sarsaparillwurzel, radix Sarsaparillse, 
 
 Sassafrasbaum,Laurus sassafras, Sassafras. 
 
 Sassafrasextract, Extractum , 
 
 Sassafrasholz, lignum sassafras, 
 
 Sassafrasol, Oleum , 
 
 Sassafrastinctur, Tinctura , 
 
 Sattel, sella, Selle. 
 
 Sattigung, saturatio, Saturation. 
 
 Saubrod, Cyclamen, Cyclame. 
 
 Sauer, acid, Acide. 
 
 Sauerampfer, Rumex, Oseille. 
 
 Sauerampfer, gemeiner, E.. acetosa, 
 
 Sauerhonig, oxymel, OxymeL 
 
 Sauerklee, Oxalis, s. Alleluia. 
 
 Sauerkleesaure, oxalic acid, s. Oxalate. 
 
 Sauerlich, acidulous, Acidule. 
 
 Sauerlich-suss,sourish-sweet,Aigre-Doux. 
 
 Sauermilch, oxygala, Oxygale. 
 
 Sauern, to acidulate, Aciduler. 
 
 Sauerstoff, s. Oxygen. 
 
 Sauerstoffsaure, oxacidum, Oxacide. 
 
 Sauerteig, leaven, yeast, Levain. 
 
 Sauerzucker,oxysaccharumOxysaccharum 
 
 Saugadern, s. l^ymphatische Gefasse. 
 
 Saugen, suckling, Allaittement. 
 
 Saugen, to suckle, Allaiter. 
 
 Saugthier, Saugthiere, mammalis, mamma- 
 lia, Mammal, Mastozoaire. 
 
 Saugthierversteinerungjfossilmammifer . 
 
 Saulchen, columella, Columelle. 
 
 Saule, columna, Colonne. 
 
 Saulenformig, columnaris, Colomnaire. 
 
 Saum, s. Leiste. 
 
 Saure, acid, Acide. 
 
 Sauretilgende , Saurewidrige Mittel, re- 
 media antacida, s. Antacide. 
 
 Saure-zerstorende s. Absorbir Mittel. 
 
 Scapulier, fascia scapularis, Scapulaire. 
 
 Scarificiren, scarificatio, Scarification. 
 
 Scarificirer, scarificator, Scarificateur. 
 
 Schaafhaut, amnion, Amnios. 
 
 Schaamarterien, s. Schamarterien. 
 
 Schabe, Blatta, Blatte. 
 
 Schadel, cranium, Crane. 
 
 Schadelbruch, s. Hirnschadelbruch. 
 
 Schadeleindruck, enthlasis, Enthlasie. 
 
 Schadelgewolbe, fornix cranii, s. Voute. 
 
 Schadelgrundflache, Gehirnschadelgrund- 
 f I ache, basis cranii, s. Base. 
 
 Schadelhaubc, Schadelhaut, epicranium, 
 Epicrane.
 
 SCH 
 
 Schadelhb'hle, cranial cavity, *. Cranien. 
 Schadelknochen, s. Gehirnschadelknochen. 
 Schadellehre, s. Kraniologie. 
 Schadelmesskunst, s. Kraniometrie. 
 Schadelwande, parietes cranii, s. Parois. 
 Schafgarbe, A. millefolium, Mille-Feuille. 
 Schafmilch, lac ovinum, s. Lait. 
 Schafpocken, varicellae oviles, s. Varicelle. 
 Schaft, scapus, Hampe. 
 Schale, testa, Test. 
 
 Schalenformig, cup-like, Acetabuliforme. 
 Schall, sound, Son. 
 Schalotte, A. ascalonicum, Echalote. 
 Schalthiere, Testacea, Testaces, s., also, 
 
 Coquillages. 
 
 Schamarterien,arterisepudendse,s..Hbnte.r. 
 Schambein, os pubis, Pubis. 
 Schambeinfuge.symphysis , s. Symphyse. 
 Schambeintrennung, sectio symphysis , 
 
 symphysiotomia, Symphysiotomie. 
 Schamberg, mons Veneris, s. Mont. 
 
 Schambruch, s. Schamlefzenbruch. 
 Schamgegend, pubic region, s. Pubien. 
 Schamlefze, labium pudendi, s. Leure. 
 Schamlefzen, grosse, labia majora , 
 Schamlefzenbeule, abscessus labiorum pu- 
 
 dendi, s. Episiocele. 
 
 Schamlefzenblutung, gia, Episiorrhagie. 
 Schamlefzenbruch, episiocele, Episiocele. 
 Schamlefzengeschwullst, episioncus, 
 Schamleiste, inguen, Aine. 
 Schamlippe, s. Schamlefze. 
 Schamlippen, kleine, s. Nymphen. 
 Schamoffnung, Schamspalte, s. OefFnung. 
 Schamtheile, pudenda, s. Pudendum. 
 Schamziingelchen, s. Kitzler. 
 Schanker, chancre, Chancre. 
 Schankerartig, cancrosus, Chancreux. 
 Scharbock, scorbutus, Scorbut. 
 Scharf, acute, severe, shrill, Aigu. 
 Scharf, sharp, pungent, Mordicant. 
 Scharfblattrig, oxyphyllus, Oxyphylle. 
 Scharfe, acrimony, Acrete'. 
 Scharfe Spitze, sharp point, s. Aigu. 
 Scharfeckig, acutangulus, Acutangule. 
 Scharfer Schmerz, acute pain, s. Aigu. 
 Scharfer Winkel, an acute angle, 
 Scharfes Geschrei, shrill, piercing, cry, 
 Scharfzwanzig, oxyurus, Oxyure. 
 Scharlachfieber, scarlatine, Scarlatine. 
 Scharpe, scarf or sling, Echarpe. 
 Schatcensehen, scieropia, Scieropie. 
 Schauder, fremitus, Fremissement. 
 Schauer, rigor, Frisson. 
 Scheer- Schermesser, razor, Rasoir. 
 Scheibe, disk, Disque. 
 Scheibenformig, discoid, Discoide. 
 Scheide, s. Mutterscheide. 
 Scheidekunst, chemistry, Chimie. 
 Scheidekiinstler, chemist, Chimiste. 
 Scheidemuschel, s. Messerscheide. 
 Scheidenahnlich,-artig,elytroid,Elytro'ide- 
 Scheidenblasenschnitt, vaginal cystotomy, 
 
 s. Cystotomie. 
 
 629 
 
 SCH 
 
 Scheidenbruch, elytrocele, Elytrocele. 
 Scheidend, vaginans, Vaginant. 
 Scheidenentziindung, elytritis, Elytrite. 
 Scheidenhaut des Hoden, tunica vaginalis 
 
 testis, s. Vaginal. 
 Scheidenhaut, eigene des Hoden, tunica 
 
 Eropria albuginea , s. Albugine. 
 eidenkaiserschnitt, operatic caesariana 
 
 vaginalis, *. Cesarien. 
 Scheidenklappe, s. Jungferhautchen. 
 Scheidenpolyp, polypus vaginae, s. Polype. 
 Scheidenschlagader, arteria vaginalis, *. 
 
 Vaginal. 
 
 Scheidentheil des Gebarmutter, portio va- 
 ginalis uteri, 
 Scheidewand, septum, Cloison. 
 Scheidewand, halbdurchsichtige, septum 
 
 lucidum, 
 
 Scheidewand der Brust, s. Mittelfell. 
 Scheidewand der Herzkammern, septum 
 
 ventriculorum cordis,s. Cloison. 
 Scheintod, asphyxia, Asphyxie. 
 Scheitel, vertex capitis, s. Sinciput. 
 Scheitelbein, os parietale, s. Parietal. 
 Scheitelbeinhb'cker, tuber , s. Basse. 
 Scheitelbeinloch, foramen parietale, 
 Schellkraut, Chelidonium, Chdlidoine. 
 Schellkrautextract, Extr. Chelidonii, 
 Schellkrautwasser, Aqua Chelidonii, 
 Schelllack, lacca in tabulis, 5. Laque. 
 Schenkel, femur, Cuisse, Femur. 
 Schenkel des grossen Gehirns, s. Hirn- 
 
 schenkel. 
 Schenkel des kleinen Gehirns, crus , cru- 
 
 ra cerebelli, s. Pedoncule. 
 Schenkel des Gewolbes, crus fornicis, 
 Schenkelbein, s. Oberschenkelbein. 
 Schenkelbinde, crural fascia, s. Crural. 
 Schenkelblutader, crural vein, 
 Schenkel bogen, crural arch, 
 Schenkelbruch, femoral hernia, s. Hernie. 
 Schenkelkanal, crural canal, s. Crural. 
 Schenkelmuskel, Crureus, 
 Schenkelmuskel, ausserer dicker, Vastus 
 
 externus femoris, s. Vaste. 
 Schenkelmuskel, innerer dicker, Vastus 
 
 internus femoris, 
 
 Schenkelpulsader, crural artery,*. Crural. 
 Schenkelring, crural ring, 
 SchenkelschTagader, s. Schenkelpulsader. 
 Schenkelschmerz, scelalgia, Scelalgie. 
 Schief, obliquus, Oblique. 
 Schiefe Lage der Gebarmutter, hystero- 
 
 loxia, Hysteroloxie. 
 Schiefer Augenmuskel, s.Oberer, und Un- 
 
 terer. 
 
 Schiefer Hals, wry-neck, Torticollis. 
 Schieferkohle, s. Steinkohle. . 
 Schiefgliedrigkeit, loxarthrus, Loxarthre. 
 Schief heit des Kopfs, obstipitas,Obstipite. 
 Schielen, strabismus, Strabisme. 
 Schienbein, tibia, Tibia. . 
 Schienbeinmuskel, hinterer, Tibialis pos- 
 
 ticus, s. Jambicr. 
 Schienbeinmuskel, vorderer, T. anticus,
 
 SCH 
 
 Schienbeinnerven, nervi tibiales, s. Tibial. 
 Schienbeinschlagader, hintere, arteria tibi- 
 
 alis postica, 
 
 Schienbeinschl., vordere, antica, 
 
 Schienbelnschl., zuriicklaufende, arteria ti- 
 
 bialis recurrens, 
 Schierling, Conium, Cigue. 
 Schierling, gefleckter, C. maculatum, 
 Schierling-Extract, Extractum Coriii, 
 Schierling- Pflaster, Emplastrum Conii, 
 Schierling-Tinctur, Tinctura Conii, 
 Schiesspulverthee, gunpowder-tea, s. The. 
 SchifFbein, os naviculare, scaphoides, s. 
 
 Naviculaire, et Scaphtfide. 
 Schiff bohrer, -wurm,Teredo navalis,Taret . 
 Schiffformig, navicularis, Naviculaire. 
 Schiffpech, pix navalis, *. Poix. 
 Schild, shield, s. Thyroide. 
 Schildblutadern, s. Schilddriisenblutadern. 
 Schilddriise, thyroid gland, s. Thyro'ide. 
 Schilddriisenblutadern, thyroid veins, 
 Schilddriisenentzundung, inflammation of 
 
 thyroid gland, s. Thyroide. 
 Schilddriisengeschwullst, thyreocele, Thy- 
 
 rocele. 
 
 Schildfloh, s. Einauge. 
 Schildformig, thyroid, Thyroide. 
 Schildformiger Knorpel, s. Schildknorpel. 
 Schildgiessbeckenmuskel, Thyreo-Arytae- 
 
 noideus, Thyro-Arytenoidien. 
 Schildkehldeckelmuskel, Thyreo-Epiglot- 
 
 ticus, Thyro-Epiglottiquc. 
 Schildknorpel, thyroid cartilage^. Thyroide. 
 Schildkrb'te, Grieschische od. Afrikanische, 
 
 Testudo grseca, s. Tortue. 
 Schildkrote. griine, C. midas, s. Chelonee. 
 Schildkrdtenartige Thiere, Chelonia, Che- 
 
 loniens. 
 
 Schildkrotenschale, tortoise-shell, 
 Schildschlagader, obere, arteria thyroidea 
 
 superior, s. Thyro'idien. 
 Schildschl., untere, inferior, 
 Schildschlundkopfmuskel,Thyreo-pharyn- 
 
 geus, Thyro-Pharyngien. 
 Schildzungenbeinmuskel, Thyreo-hyoide- 
 
 us, Thyro-Hyoidien. 
 Schirm, umbel, Ombelle. 
 Schirmtragend, s. Doldentragend. 
 Schirmtraube, s. Doldentraube. 
 Schlacke, scoria, Scorie. 
 Schlackig, scoriaceus, Scoriace. 
 Schlaf, sleep, Sommeil. 
 Schlaf, Schlafe, pi., temple, Tempe. 
 Schlafebein, os temporis, s. Temporal. 
 Schlaf eblutadern, temporal veins, 
 Schlafemuskel, Schlafenmuskel, mus- 
 cle, *. Temporal, et Crotaphite. 
 Schlafenerven, nerves, s. Temporal. 
 Schlafenfascie, temporal fascia, 
 Schlafengegend, temporal region, 
 Schliifeschlagader, mittlere, arteria tempo- 
 
 ralis media, 
 Schlaff, s. Atonisch. 
 SchlafF, Schlotterig, flaccid, Flasque. 
 Schlaffieber, comatose fever, s. Comateux, 
 
 630 
 
 SCH 
 
 SchlafFheit, flaccidity, Flaccidite. 
 Schlaf-, Schlafe-, Schlafengrube, fossa tem- 
 
 poralis, s. Temporal. 
 Schlaflehre, hypnology, Hypnologie. 
 Schlaflosigkeit, agrypnia, Agrypnie. 
 Schlafmachend, somnifer, Somnifere. 
 Schlafmachender Mohn, Papaver somnife- 
 
 rum, s. Pavot. 
 
 Schlafmittel, hypnotica, s. Hypnotique. 
 Schlafrig, soporiterus, Assoupissant. 
 Schlafrigkeit, sopor, Assoupissement. 
 Schlafsau, s. Mohnsaft. 
 Schlafsucht, coma, Coma. 
 Schlafsiichtig, comatose, Comateux. 
 Schlaflrank, sleeping-potion, s. Somnifere. 
 Schlafwandeln, s. Nachtwandeln. 
 Schlafwandler, s. Nachtwandler. 
 Schlag, ictus, Coup, Percussion. 
 Schlagader, artery, Arterie. 
 Schlagader, grosse, aorta, Aorte. 
 Schlagaderentziindung, arteritis, Arterite. 
 Schlagadererweiterung,-asis,Arteriectasie. 
 Schlagadergang, duct, arteriosus, s. Arteriel. 
 Schlagader-, s. Pulsadergeschwullst. 
 Schlagaderlehre, arteriologia, Arteriologie. 
 Schlagaderoffhung, tomia, Artdriotomie. 
 Schlagen, pulsatio, Battement, Pulsation. 
 Schlagfluss, apoplexia, Apoplexie. 
 Schlammig, limosus, Limoneux. 
 Schlangen, Ophidia, Ophidiens. 
 Schlangenartig, ophidian, Ophidien. 
 Schlangenartige Thiere, s. Schlangen. 
 Schlangenbiss, bite of a snake, s. Morsurc. 
 Schlangelformig, snake-shaped, s. Ophiase. 
 Schlangenfressend, phagus, Ophiophage. 
 Schlangengift, poison of viper, s. Venin. 
 Schlangenholz, S. colubrina, s. Vomiquier. 
 Schlangentodter, A. anguicida,s. Arlstoloche. 
 Schlangenwurz, s. Natterwurz. 
 Schlangenwurz, Ophiorhiza, Ophiorhize. 
 Schlangenwurzel,Aristolochia,Aristoloche. 
 Schlank, slender, Grele. 
 SchlankerSchenkelmuskel,Gracilis,s.Z)/w<. 
 Schlechte Beschaffenheit der Nagel, s. Ka- 
 
 konychie. 
 Schlechte Beschaffenheit der Safte, s. Ka- 
 
 kochymie. 
 Schlechte Beschaffenheit des Samens, s. 
 
 Kakospermie. 
 
 Schlechte Ernahrung, s. Kakotrophie. 
 Schlechter Zustand des ganzen Korpers, 
 
 cacosis, Cacosis. 
 
 Schlehe, fructus P. spinosse, Prunelle. 
 Schlehenbaum, Schlehendorn, Prunus spi- 
 
 nosa, Prunellier. 
 
 Schlehensaft, acacia nostras, s. Acacia. 
 Schleim, mucus, Mucus. 
 Schleimabgang mil dem Harne, blennuria, 
 
 Blennurie. 
 
 Schleimbalg, mucous follicle, s. Follicule. 
 Schleimbeutel, bursa mucosa, s. Bourse. 
 Schleimbeutelwassersucht, hydrops bursae 
 
 mucossD, 
 
 Schleimbrust,blennothorax,Blennolliorax. 
 Schleimdriise, mucous gland, s. Glaniic.
 
 SCH 
 
 Schleimfieber, blennopyria, Blennopyrie. 
 Schleimfluss,blennorrhagia,Blennorrhagie. 
 SchleimHuss, chronischer, blennorrhcea, 
 
 JBlennorrhee. , 
 
 Schleirafluss der Harnrbhre, blennure- 
 
 thria, Blennure'thrie. 
 Schleimfluss der Nase, phlegmatorrhagia, 
 
 Phlegmatorrhagie. 
 
 Schleinigeschwullst, atia, Phlegmatic. 
 Schleimgewebe, mucous tissue, s. Tissu. 
 Schleimhaut, Schleimhaute, mucous mem- 
 brane, s. Muqueux. 
 Schleimhaut des Gaumens, membrana pa- 
 
 lati, s. Palatin. 
 Schlehnhautentziindung, inflammation of 
 
 mucous membrane, s. Muqueux. 
 Schleimhautkrankheit des Rachens, blenn- 
 
 isthmia, Blennisthmie. 
 Schleimhohle, mucous cavity, s. 
 Schleimhohle, grosse des Oberkiefers, an- 
 
 trum maxillas superioris, s. Antre. 
 Schleimichte Augenliederentziindung, ble- 
 
 pharoblennorrhcea,Blepharoblennorrhe'e 
 Schleimig, mucous, Muqueux. 
 Schleimkrankheiten,Blennoses,Blennoses. 
 Schleimmangel, amyxia, Amyxie. 
 Schleimsaure, mucic acid, s. Mucate. 
 Schleimschwindsucht, mucous phthisis, s. 
 
 Muqueux, et Phthisie. 
 Schleimzucker, muco-saccharine matter. 
 Schliessmuskel, s. Sphinkter. 
 Schliessmuskel der Augenlieder, Orbicula- 
 
 ris palpebrarum, s. Palpebral. 
 Schliessmuskel der Blase, Sphincter vesi- 
 
 cae, s. Sphincter, 
 Schliessmuskel des Mundes, Orbicularis, 
 
 seu Sphincter, oris, *. Orbiculaire. 
 Schliessmuskel der Scheide, Sphincter va- 
 ginae, s. Constricteur. 
 Schliessmuskeln des Schlundes, Constric- 
 
 tores pharyngis, 
 Schliessung, constrictio, Constriction. 
 Schlitzblattrig, lacinifolius, Lacinifolie. 
 Schluchzen, singultus, Hoquet. 
 Schluchzend, singultans, Singultueux. 
 Schlucken, s. Niederschlucken. 
 Schlund, s. Schlundkopf. 
 Schlundabscess, abs. pharyngis, s. Abces. 
 Schlundblutfluss, pharyngorrhagia, Pha- 
 
 ryngorrhagie. 
 
 Schlundbruch,pharyngocele,Pharyngocele 
 Schlunddriisen, cesophageal glands, s.CEso- 
 
 phage. 
 
 Schlundentziindung, itis, Pharyngite. 
 Schlunderweiterung, pharyngeurysma, 
 
 Pharyngeurisme. 
 Schlundkopf, pharynx, Pharynx. 
 Schlundkopfgaumenmuskel, Palato-pha- 
 
 ryngeus, Palato-Pharyngien. 
 Schlundkopfgeflecht, plexus pharyngeus, 
 
 s. Pharyngien. 
 
 Schlundkopfknochen, bssa pharyngea, 
 Schlundkopfmuskeln,musculipharyngis, 
 Schlundkopfnerven, nervi , 
 Schlundkopfschlagadern,art.pharyngeae, 
 
 631 
 
 SCH 
 
 Schlundkopfschnurer, mittlerer, oberer, 
 
 unterer,Constr. pharyngis medius, 
 
 superior, inferior, s. Constricteur. 
 
 Schlundkrampf, ismus, GEsophagisme. 
 Schlundkrampf, pharyngospasmus, Pha- 
 
 ryngospasme. 
 
 Schlundlahmung, pleeia,Pharyngoplegie 
 Schlundmuskel, musculus oesophageus, s. 
 
 (Esophagien. 
 
 Schlundnerven, nervi oesophagei, 
 Schlundschnitt, tomia, Pharyngotomie. 
 Schlundverengerung, pharyngoperistole, 
 
 Pharyngoperistole. 
 Schlundvorfall, s. PharyngoceJe. 
 Schliissel, clavus, Clef. 
 Schliisselbein, clavicula, Clavicule. 
 Schliisselbeinmuskel,*.Unter8chliisselbein- 
 
 muskeL Schliisselbeinpulsader, s. Un- 
 
 terschliisselbeinpulsader. 
 Schliissel- Schulterblattgelenk, articulatio 
 
 cleido-scapularis, s. Cleido-Scapulaire. 
 Schmackhatt, saporific, Saporifique. 
 Schmalblumig, tenuiflorus, Tenuiflore. 
 Schmalz, axungia, Axunge. 
 Schmarotzer, parasite, Parasite. 
 Schmarolzer, Parasita, Parasites. 
 Schmarotzerisch, parasitical, Parasite. 
 Schmarotzerpflanzen, parasitic plants, 
 
 Schmarotzerthiere, animals, 
 
 Schmeerbauch, abdomen, Abdomen. 
 Schmecken, s. Geschmack. 
 Schmelzbar, fusible, Fusible. 
 Schmelzbarkeit, fusibility, Fusibilite'. 
 Schmelztiegel, melting-pot, Creuset. 
 Schmerz, pain, Douleur. 
 Schmerzhaft, painful, Douloureux. 
 Schmerzlindernd, soothing, Adoucissant. 
 Schmerzlos, indolens, Indolent. 
 Schmerzlosigkeit, analgesia, Analge'sie. 
 Schmerzlosigkeit, anodynia, Anodynie. 
 Schmerzstillend, antalgic, Antalgique. 
 Schmerzstillende Mittel, remedia anody- 
 
 na, s. Anodyn, et Calmant. 
 
 Schmerzstillender Liquor, s. Hoffmann . 
 
 Schmerzung, smarting, Cuisson. 
 Schmetterling, Papilio, s. Papilionacd. 
 Schmetterlinge, Papilionidae, Papilionides. 
 Schmetterlingsartig, Schmetterlingsform- 
 
 ig, papilionaceus, Papilionacd 
 Scnmetterlingsartige Pflanzen, Papih'ona- 
 
 ceae, Papilionac^es. 
 
 Schmetterlingsblumenkrone, papilionace- 
 ous corolla, s. Papilionace. 
 Schmiedbar, malleable, Malle'able. 
 Schmiedbarkeit, malleability, Malle'abilite'. 
 Schmierig, unctuous, Onctueux. 
 Schmiermittel, emplastica, s. Emplastique. 
 Schminke, fucus. Fard. 
 Schmiickend, cosmetic, Cosmetique. 
 Schmiickkunst, s. Kosmetik. 
 Schmutz, stain, Spilome. 
 Schnabel, rostrum, Bee. 
 Schnabelhaut, cere, Cire. 
 Schnabelthier, Ornithorhynchus paradox- 
 
 us, s. Ornithorhynque.
 
 SCH 
 
 Schnabelaufsatz, epithema, Epitheme. 
 
 Schnarchen, snoring, llonflement. 
 
 Schnauze, muzzle, JNluseau. 
 
 Schneckartig, cochlearis, Cochleaire. 
 
 Schnecke, cochlea, Lima9on. 
 
 Schnee, snow, Neige. 
 
 Schneedropfen, Galanthus nivalis, 
 
 Schnee-Eule, -Kautz, Surnia nyctea, 
 
 Schniedermuskel, Sartorius, Couturier. 
 
 Schniedezahne, cutting-teeth, *. Dent. 
 
 Schnell-starkende Mittel, remedia analep- 
 tica,s. Analeplique. 
 
 Schnell-verganglich, fugacious, Fugace. 
 
 Schnepfe, Scolopax, Becasse. 
 
 Schnepfenkopf, caput gallinaginis, Veru- 
 montanum. 
 
 Schnirkelschnecke, Helix, He'lix. 
 
 Schnittlauch, s. Schalotte. 
 
 Schnittwunde, encope, Encope; 
 
 Schnupfen, coryza, Coryza. 
 
 Schnupfmittel, errhinum, Errhine. 
 
 Schnupflabak, pulvis sternutat., s. Asaret. 
 
 Schnur, funiculus, Cordon. 
 
 Schokolate, chocolatum, Chocolate. 
 
 Schopf, tuft of hairs, Coma. 
 
 Schorfig, crustaceous, Crustacd. 
 
 Schorfkopf, tinea capitis, Teigne. 
 
 Schotchen, silicula, Silicule. 
 
 Schote, siliqua, Silique. 
 
 Schotendorn, s. Aegyptischer. 
 
 Schrager Bauchmuskel, s. BauchmuskeL 
 
 Schrager Kopfmuskel, s. Kopfmuskel. 
 
 Schraube, Turbo, Sabot. 
 
 Schraubenbinde, s. Aderpresse. 
 
 Schraubenformig, s. Spiralfbrmig. 
 
 Schreibfeder,calamus scriptorius^.Ca/ame. 
 
 Schropfen, scarification, Catagme. 
 
 Schropfkopf, cula, Cornicule, "Ventouse. 
 
 Schrunde, s. Hautschrunde. 
 
 Schulter, shoulder, Epaule, Hume'rus. 
 
 Schulterbinde, *. Scapulier. 
 
 Schulterblatt, scapula, Omoplate. 
 
 Schulterblatter, scapulae, 
 
 Schulterblattgegena, regio scapularis, 
 
 Schulterblattschlagadern,art.scapulares, 
 
 Schultergegend,regiohumeralis,s.HwmeraZ 
 
 Schultergelenk, shoulder-joint, s. Scapula- 
 Humeral. 
 
 Schultergelenkentziindung, inflammation 
 of shoulder-joint, *. Omarthrocace. 
 
 Schultergelenkkrankheit, disease of shoul- 
 der-joint, Omarthrocace. 
 
 Schultergelenkspfanne, omocotyle, Omo- 
 cotyle. 
 
 Schultergicht, omagra, Omagre. 
 
 Schulterhohe, s. Akromion. 
 
 Schulterschlagader. arteria humeralis, s. 
 Humeral. 
 
 SchulterzungenbeinmuskeljOmohyoideus, 
 Omoplat-Hyoidien. 
 
 Schuppe, Schuppen, pi., scale, Ecaillc. 
 
 Schuppenfleischgewachs, lepido -sarcoma, 
 Liepido-Sarcome. 
 
 Schuppenfliigler, l^epidoptera, Lepidop- 
 teres. 
 
 632 
 
 SCH 
 
 Schuppenformig, lepidoides, Lepidoide. 
 
 Schuppenkrankheit, lepra, Le"pre. 
 
 Schuppennaht, sutura squamosa, *. Ecail- 
 leujf, et Lepidoide. 
 
 Schuppentheil des Schlafenbeins, pars 
 squamosa ossis temporis, *. Fcailleux. 
 
 Schuppenthier, Pangolin, s. Ecaille. 
 
 Schuppig, scaly, Lepidoide. 
 
 Schuppige Zwiebel, bulb, s. Bulbe. 
 
 Schusswunde, gunshot-wound, s. Coup. 
 
 Schutteln, succusio, Succusion. 
 
 Schutzpocke, s. Kuhpocke. 
 
 Schwach, adynamic, Adynamique. 
 
 Schwach, asthenic, Asth^nique. 
 
 Schwach, feeble, flaccid, Flasque. 
 
 Schwache, adynamia, Adynamie. 
 
 Schwache, asthenia, Asthenia. 
 
 Schwache,Schwachheit,weakness,Debilite. 
 
 Schwaches Fieber, febris asthenica, BM- 
 chopyre. 
 
 Schwachung, debilitatio, AfFaiblissement. 
 
 Schwalbe, Hirundo, Hirondelle. 
 
 Schwalbenwurz, s. Schellkraut. 
 
 Schwamm, Fungus, Champignon. 
 
 Schwamine, Fungi, Champignons. 
 
 Schwammicht, Schwammig, cavernosus, 
 Caverneux. 
 
 Schwammichte Korper des Kitzlers, cor- 
 pora cavernosa clitoridis, s. Corps. 
 
 Schwammichte Korper der Ruthe, corpo- 
 ra cavernosa penis, 
 
 Schwammig, fungous, Fongeux. 
 
 Schwammiger Auswuchs, fungous excres- 
 cence, . Fongotite. 
 
 Schwammigkeit, fungosity, Fongosite. 
 
 Schwammsaure, boletic acid, s. Boletate. 
 
 Schwangerschaft, gestation, pregnancy, 
 Gestation, Grossesse. 
 
 Schwangerschaftslehre, cyesiologia, Cyesi- 
 ologie. 
 
 Schwangern, gravidam reddere,Impregner. 
 
 Schwangerungjimpregnatiojmpregnation 
 
 Schwanken, fluctuatio, Fluctuation. 
 
 Schwanz, tail, Queue. 
 
 SchwanzafFe,Cercopithecus,Cercopitheque 
 
 Schwanzflosse, caudal fin, s. Caudal. 
 
 Schwanzlos, ecaudatus, Ecaude. 
 
 SchwanzpfefFer, P. caudatum, s. Poivre. 
 
 Schwaren, exelcosis, Exelcose. 
 
 Schwaren, to suppurate, Abce'der. 
 
 Schwarz, black, Noire. 
 
 Schwarzblaumaiwurmkiifer, Proscarabeus 
 vulgaris, s. Mtloe. 
 
 Schwarzdorn, . Schlehendorn. 
 
 Schwarze Galle, black bile, Atrabile. 
 
 Schwarze Krankheit, melaena, Me'lsena. 
 
 Schwarze Nieswurz, H. niger, s. Hellebore. 
 
 Schwarze Pappel, P. nigra, *. Peuplier. 
 
 Schwarzer Drossel, M. vulgaris, s. Merle. 
 
 Schwarzer Hautfleck, melasma, Me'lasme. 
 
 Schwarzer od. gemeiner Hohlunder Sam- 
 bucus nigra, s. Sureau. 
 
 Schwarzes Pech, pix nigra, s. Poix. 
 
 Schwarzes Schwefelspiessglanz, sulphure- 
 tum Antimonii, s. Antimoine.
 
 SCH 
 
 Schwarzlich, blackish, Noiratre. 
 Schwarzsucht, melanchlorosis, Melanchlo- 
 
 rose. 
 
 Schwarzwerden, melanosis, Me'lanose. 
 Schwarzwerden der Eingeweide, melanosis 
 
 viscerum, 
 
 Schwatzhaftigkeit, garrulity, Babillement. 
 Schwefel, sulphur, Soufre. 
 Schwefel, gefallter, s. Schwefelmilch. 
 Schwefel, gereinigter, s. Sublimirter. 
 Schwefelantimon,sulph.antimonii,s.A'W/iu-e 
 Schwefelather, JEther sulphuricus, a. 
 Schwefelathergeist, Spiritus ./Etheris sul- 
 
 phurici, *. Sulfurique. 
 
 Schwefelblei, sulphuret of lead, s. Sulfure. 
 Schwefelblumen, flores sulphuris, s.^ow/j-e. 
 Schwefeldampf, sulphurous vapour, 
 Schwefelgelb, sulphur-coloured, Soufre'. 
 Schwefelicht, sulphurous, 
 Schwefelig, sulphurosus, Sulfureux. 
 Schwefeligsaure, sulphurous acid, 
 Schwefeligsaure Salze, sulphites,*. Sulftte. 
 Schwefelkali, sulphur, potassae, s. Sulfure. 
 Schvvefelleber, hepar sulphuris, s. Foie. 
 Schwefelmilch, lac sulphuris, s. Lo.it. 
 Schwefeloxyd, s. Unterschwefelige Sa'ure. 
 Schwefelquecksilber,sulphuretum hydrar- 
 
 gyri, s. Sulfure. 
 Schwei'elraucherungen, sulphur-fumiga- 
 
 tions, s. Soufre. 
 Schwefelsalbe, einfache, zusammenge- 
 
 setzte, Unguentum Sulphuris simplex, 
 
 compositum, 
 
 Schwefelsaure, sulphuric acid, s. Sulfate. 
 Schwefelsaure Magnesia, s. Bittererde, 
 Schwefelsaure Salze, sulphates, s. Sulfate. 
 Schwefelsaure Soda, sulphate of soda, 
 Schwefelsaurer Z'mk, of zinc, 
 Schwefelsaures Alumiumoxyd, sulphate of 
 
 alumina and potass, s. Alun. 
 Schwefelsaures Eisen, of iron, s. Sulfate. 
 Schwefelsaures Kali, of potass, 
 Schwefelsaures Kupfer, of copper, 
 Schwefelsaures Natron, of soda, 
 Schwefelseife, Sapo sulphureus, s. Soufre. 
 Schwefelwasserstoff, sulphuretted hydro- 
 gen, s. Hydrogene. 
 Schwefelwasserstoffsaure,hydro-sulphuric 
 
 acid, s. Hydrosulphate. 
 Schweigselig, taciturn, Taciturne. 
 Schweigseligkeit, taciturnity, Taciturnite'. 
 Schweinfett, hog's-lard, Axunge. 
 Schweinsbrod, Cyclamen, Cyclame. 
 Schweinshaut, cutis suilla, Couenne, 
 Schweiss, sudor, Sueur. 
 Schweissbad, s. Schwitzbad. 
 Schweissfieber, febris sudatoria, Hidro- 
 
 pyretos. 
 
 Schweisskrankheit, sudor anglicus, 
 Schweissmangel, oligohydria, Oligohidrie. 
 Schweisstreibend, sudorific, Sudorifique. 
 Schweisstreibende Mittel, sudorifics, 
 Schweisstreibender Spiessglanz, Antimo- 
 
 nium diaphoreticum, *. Dlaphorelique. 
 Schwer, gravis, Grave. 
 
 633 
 
 SEE 
 
 Schwerathmen, dyspnoea, Dyspnde. 
 Schwerbeweglichkeit, -cinesia, Dyscine'sie. 
 Schwerdtblattrig, ensifolius, Ensifolid. 
 Schwerdtblattrige Prlanzen, plantae ensi- 
 
 folise, s. Ensifolie. 
 
 Schwerdtformig, ensiformis, Ensiforme. 
 Schwerdtfb'rmiger Knorpel,cartilago , 
 Schwerdtlilie, Schwertlilie, Iris, Iris. 
 Schwere, gravitas, Gravite. 
 Schwere Geburt, s. Dystokie. 
 Schwere Stimine.baryphonia, Baryphonie. 
 Schwererde, terra ponderosa, Barite. 
 Schwerhoren, dysecoia, Dyse'co'ie. 
 Schwerhorend, hard of hearing, c 
 Schwermuth, s. Melancholie. 
 Schwerpunkt, centre of gravity, s. Gravite. 
 Schwerschlingen, dysphagia, Dysphagie. 
 Schwertformig, xiphoid, Xiphoide. 
 Schwertknorpel, xiphoid cartilage, 
 Schwertknorpelband, ligament, 
 Schwerverdaulichkeit, -pepsia, Dyspepsie. 
 Schwiele, callus, Durillon. 
 Schwielig, callosus, Calleux. 
 Schwimmblase der Fische, swimming-blad- 
 der of fishes, s. Nageant. 
 Schwimmen, natatio, Natation. 
 Schwimmend, swimming, Nage'ant. 
 Schwimmende Stachelnuss, Trapa natans, 
 
 s. Macre. 
 
 Schwimmf iisse, pedes palmati, s. Palme. 
 Schwimmfiissig, palmipes, Palmipede. 
 Schwimmhaut, swimming-membrane, 
 Schwimmvogel, Natatores (Aves), 
 Schwindel, vertigo, Vertige. 
 Schwindelhafer, L. temulentum, s. Ivraie, 
 Schwinden der Krafte, s. Nachlassung. 
 Schwindsucht, consumption, Consomption. 
 Schwindsucht, phthisis, Phthisie. 
 Schwindsiichtig, phthisical, Phthisique. 
 Schwindsuchtlehre, ologia,Phthisiologie. 
 Schwitzbad, -stube,sudatorium, Sudatoire. 
 Schwitzen, ephidrosis, Ephidrose. 
 Schwitzen an ungewohnlichen Stellen, hi- 
 
 droplania, Hidroplanie. 
 Scropnel, scrofula, Scrofules. 
 Scrophelkrankheit,Scrophelsucht,same, 
 Scrophulos, scrofulous, Scrofuleux. 
 Scrophulose Anlage, diathesis, 
 Sechsblattrig, hexaphyllus, Hexaphylle. 
 Sechsbliithig, sexflorus, Sexflore. 
 Sechseckig, -kantig,hexagonus,Hexagone. 
 Sechsfliigeligt, hexapterus, Hexaptere. 
 Sechsfiissig, hexapodus, Hexapode. 
 Sechsmannige Pflanzen, plan toe hexandrae, 
 
 s. Hexandrie. 
 
 Sechssaamig, hexaspermus, Hexasperme. 
 Sechsspaltig, sexfidus, Sexfide. 
 Sechsweibige Bliithen, flores hexagyni, s. 
 
 Hexagynie. 
 See, sea, Mer. 
 
 Seebad, balneum marinum, 
 See-Blume, Nymphsea, Nenuphar. 
 See-Einhorn, Unicornu marinum, s. Nar- 
 
 whal. 
 See-Fische, pisces marini, . Marine. 
 
 2Z
 
 SEI 
 
 Seehund, Phoca, Phoque. 
 
 Seehund, gemeiner, Seekalb, P.vitulina, 
 
 See-krank, sea-sick, s. Nausiabond. 
 
 See-krankheit, sea-sickness, 
 
 See-kiisten, ora maritima, *. Marine. 
 
 Seelenlehre, psychology, Psychologic. 
 
 Seelenleiden , sch weres, -pathia, Cacopathie. 
 
 Seelenruhe, ataraxia, Ataraxie. 
 
 See-Mannstreu, E . maritimum, s. Panicaut. 
 
 See-Ohr, Haliotis, Haliotide. 
 
 See-Vogel, aves marini, s. Marine. 
 
 Sehen, vision, "Vue. 
 
 Sehhugel, thalamus opticus, s. Optique. 
 
 Sehloch, pupilla, Pupille. 
 
 Sehlochhaut, membrana pupillaris, s. Pu- 
 pillaire. 
 
 Sehne, tendon, Tendon. 
 
 Sehnenhaube, galea aponeurotica, s. Epi- 
 crane. 
 
 Sehnenhupfen, subsultus tendinum, Sou- 
 bresaut. 
 
 Sehnerv, nervus opticus, s. Optique. 
 
 Sehnervenloch, foramen opticum, 
 
 Sehnig, tendinous, Tendineux. 
 
 Sehniger Theil des Zwerchfells, tendinous 
 portion, or centre, of diaphragm, 
 
 Sehvermb'gen, power of vision,*. Dysopsies. 
 
 Seide, silk, Soie. 
 
 Seidelbast, s. Kellerhals. 
 
 Seiden, Seidenartig, silken, Soyeux. 
 
 Seidengehause, cocoon, Cocon. 
 
 Seidenmuschel, Pinna, s. Bissus. 
 
 Seidenwurm, silkworm, Ver-li-Soie. 
 
 Seidenwiirmersaure, aciduni bombicum, s. 
 Bombiate. 
 
 Seife, soap, Savon. 
 
 Seife, medicinische, sapo medicinalis, 
 
 Seifenartig, saponaceus, Saponace. 
 
 Seifenbeere, S. saponaria, s. Savonnier. 
 
 Seifenkraut, Saponaria, Saponaire. 
 
 Seifenmachen, -nificatio, Saponification. 
 
 Seifenpflaster, Empl. saponis, s. Savon. 
 
 Seifenpillenmasse.Massa Pil.de Sapone, 
 
 Seifenspiritus, -geist, Spiritus Saponis, 
 
 Seiher, filtrum, JFiltre. 
 
 Seihtuch, strainer, Conloir. 
 
 Seite, Seiten, pi., latus, latera, s. Plane. 
 
 Seitenkrampf, spasmus, Pleurospasme. 
 
 Seitenkrampf, t. lateralis, s. Tetanos. 
 
 Seitenschwimmer, Pleuronectes, Pleuro- 
 necte. 
 
 Seitenstarrkrampf, pleurothotonus, Pleu- 
 rototonos. 
 
 Seitensteinschnitt, lateral operation of li- 
 lithotomy, s. Lithotomie. 
 
 Seitenstich, s. Pleuresie. 
 
 Seitentbeile des Unterleibes, ilia, lies. 
 
 Seitenventrikel des Gehirns, lateral ven- 
 tricle of brain, s. Come. 
 
 Seitenwandbeine, s. Scheitelbeine. 
 
 Seitlicher Kopfmuskel, llectus capitis la- 
 teralis, s. Droit. 
 
 Seitlicher Ring-Giessbeckenmuskel, Cri- 
 co-Arytsenoideus lateralis, *. Crico-Ary- 
 tindidien. 
 
 C34 
 
 SIL 
 
 Selbstbefleckung, . Onanie. 
 Selbstelektrisch, -electric, Idio-Electrique. 
 Selbstherrschaft, autocratia, Autocratic. 
 Selbslherrschend, -craticus, Autocratique. 
 Selbstsehen, autopsia, Autopsie. 
 Selbstverbrennung, spontaneous combus- 
 tion, s. Combustion. 
 Selenit, selenite, Selenite. 
 Selensaure, selenic acid, s. Seleniate. 
 Selensaure Salze, seleniates, 
 Semiotik, semeiotica, Semeiotique. 
 Senf, Sinapis, Moutarde. 
 Senf, schwarzer, S. nigra, 
 SenfpHaster, sinapism, Sinapisme. 
 Senfsalbe, Unguentum Sinapeos, 
 Senfsame, semen Sinapeos, 
 Senfteig, Senfumschlag, s. Senfpflaster. 
 Senfwein, Vinum sinapinum, s. Moutarde. 
 Senna, Senna, Se'ne. 
 
 SennalatwergCjConfectio Sennse, s.Lenitif. 
 Sennesblatter, folia Sennae, s. Sine. 
 Serose Haut, serous membrane, s. Sereux. 
 Seroser Schlagfluss, serous apoplexy, 
 Sesambeine des Fusses, sesamoid bones of 
 
 the foot, s. Sesamoide. 
 Sesambeine der Hand, of the hand, 
 Sesamknochelchen, sesamoid bones, 
 Seufzen, Seufzer, sighing, sigh, Soupir. 
 Sevenbaum, s. Sadebaum. 
 Sibirischer Buchweizen, Polygonum tar- 
 
 taricum, s. Renouee. 
 Sichel, falx, Faux. 
 Sichel des Gehirns, falx cerebri, 
 Sichel des kleinen Gehirns, cerebelli, 
 Sichelblutleiter, sinus falciformis, s. 
 Sichelformig, falciformis, Falciforme. 
 Sichelformiger Fortsatz, processus , 
 Sicherungsessig, s. Gewiirzessig. 
 Sieb, sieve, Crible. 
 Siebbein, Siebknochen, os cribriforme, vel 
 
 ethmoides, s. Cribriforme, et Ethmoide. 
 Siebbeinausschnitt, incisura ethmoidalis, 
 
 s. Echancrure. 
 
 Siebbeinnerv,ethmoidalnerve,s.<Awto't<fa/. 
 Siebbeinschlagadern,ethmoidal arteries, 
 Siebbeinzellen, ethmoidal cells, 
 Sieben, cribratio, Cribration. 
 Siebenblattrig,heptaphyllus,Heptaphylle. 
 Siebeneckig, Siebenkantig, heptagonus, 
 
 Heptagone. 
 
 Siebenfingerkraut, P. reptans,s. Potentate. 
 Siebmiinnige Bluthen, flores heptandri, 5. 
 
 Heptandrie. 
 
 Siebenpunkt, C. 7-punctata, s. CoccineUe. 
 Siebensamig,heptaspermus,Heptasperme. 
 Siebentagig, septanus, Septane. 
 Siebentagiges Fieber, febris septana, 
 Siebenweibige Pflanzen, plantae heptagy- 
 
 nse, s. Heptagynie. 
 
 Siebformig, cribriform, Cribriforme. 
 Siebformiges Bein, s. Siebbein. 
 Siebplatte, cribriform plate,s.Cribriforme. 
 Siedendes Wasser, aqua fervida, s. Eau. 
 Silber, silver, Argent. 
 Silberglatt, lithargyrum, Litharge.
 
 SON 
 
 Silberglattessig, A. lithargyri, s. Vinaigre. 
 Silberglattpflaster, Emplastrum lithargy- 
 
 ri, . Diachylon. 
 
 Silberglattsalbe, s. Nutritsalbe. 
 Simaruba, Quassia simaruba, Simarouba. 
 SimarubaextractjExtractum Simarubae, 
 Simarubarinde, cortex Simarubae, 
 Sinesische Schwalbe, Hirundo esculenta, 
 
 Salangane. 
 Sinesischer Zimmt, cortex Lauri sinensis, 
 
 s. Cannelle. 
 
 Sinn, Sinne, pi., sensus, Sens. 
 S'mnesorgane,organasens&s,sHyperesthesie. 
 Sinngriin, "Vinca, Pervenche. 
 Sinngriin, grosses, Vinca major, 
 Sinngriin, kleines, Vinca minor, 
 Sinnpflanze, M. sensitiva, s. Mimose. 
 Sitzbad, seat-bath, Bidet ? 
 Sitzbein, ischium, Ischion. 
 Sitzbeinauschnitt, oberer od. grosser, inci- 
 
 sura superior vel major, s. Echancrure. 
 
 Sitzbeinauschnitt, kleiner, minor, 
 
 Sitzbeinhb'cker, tuber ischii, s. Ischialique. 
 Sitzbeinschlagader, arteria ischiatica, 
 Sitzbeinstachel, spina ossis ischii, 
 Sitzbeinzellkorpermuskel, Ischio-caverno- 
 
 sus, Ischio-Caverneux- 
 Sitzend, sessile, Sessile. 
 Sitzende Blatter, sessile leaves, 
 Sitzknorren, s. Sitzbeinhocker. 
 Skabiose, Scabiosa, Scabieuse. 
 Skammonienwinde, C. scammonia, s. 
 Skammonium, scammonium, Scammone'e. 
 Skelet, skeleton, Squelette. 
 Skirrhos, scirrhous, Squirrheux. 
 Skirrhbse oder krebsartige Verhartung, 
 
 scirrhous or cancerous induration, scir- 
 
 rhoma, s. Scirrhose. 
 Skirrhose Verhartung der Augenlieder, 
 
 scirrhophthalmia, Scirrhophthalmie. 
 Skirrhus, scirrhus, Squirrhe. 
 SkiiThusbildung, formation of scirrhus, 
 
 Scirrhose. 
 
 Skolopender, Scolopendra, Scolopendre. 
 Skorpion, Scorpio, Scorpion. 
 Skorpion, europaischer, S. europaeus, 
 Skorpionol, oil of scorpions, 
 Soda, atzende oder caustische, caustic so- 
 da, s. Soude. 
 
 Sodapflanze, Salsola, Soude. 
 Sodbrennen, pyrosis, Pyrose. 
 Sodium, sodium, Sodium. 
 Sodiumoxyd, oxide of sodium, s. Soude. 
 Sohlenmuskel, Soleus, Soleaire. 
 Sohlenspanner, Plantaris, Plantaire. 
 Sokotrinische Aloe, A.soccotorina,s. Aloes- 
 Solaneen, Solaneae, Solane'es. 
 Sommer, summer, Etc'. 
 Soinmerlolch, L. temulentum, s. Ivraie. 
 Sommersprossen, ephelis, Ephelide. 
 Sonde, a sound, Sonde. 
 Sondiren, melosis, Me'lose. 
 Sondiren, v., specillo explorare, Sonder. 
 Sonne, fascia Solaris, Solaire. 
 Sonnen, insolatio, Insolation. 
 
 635 
 
 SPE 
 
 Sonnenblume, gemeine, Helianthus anim- 
 us, Tournesol. 
 
 Sonneneuphorbie, E. helioscopia, ReveiL 
 
 Sonnenfisch, Zeus faber, s. Scombre. 
 
 Sonnenflecken, sun-burns, Ephelide. 
 
 Sonnengeflecht, plexus Solaris, s. Solaire. 
 
 Sonnenkiifer, Coccinella, Coccinelle. 
 
 Sonnenstich, Sonnenschuss, ictus soils, 
 Coup de soleil. 
 
 Sonnenstillstand, solstice, s. Solstitial. 
 
 Sonnenstrahl, sun-beam, s. Rayon. 
 
 Sorbeersaure, sorbic acid, s. Sorbique. 
 
 Spalt, Spalte, pi., slit, Crevasse. 
 
 Spalte, Spalten, pi., fissure, Fente. 
 
 Spalte, Glasserche, fissura Glasseri, 
 
 Spanische Fliege, s. Kantharide. 
 
 Spanischer Bertram.Anthemis pyrethrum, 
 Pyrdthre. 
 
 Spanischer Lauch, A. porruni, Poireau. 
 
 Spanischer Pfeft'er, Capsicum, Piment. 
 
 Spanner, oder Anspanner, der Schenkel- 
 binde, Tensor vaginae femoris,s. Tenseur. 
 
 Spannkraft, elasticity, Elasticity. 
 
 Spannkriiftig, elastic, Elastique. 
 
 Spannung, tensio, Tension. 
 
 Spargel, Asparagus, Asperge. 
 
 Spargelsprossen, asparagi, Asperges. 
 
 Spargelstoff, asparagina, Asparagine. 
 
 Spatel, spatula, Spatule. 
 
 Specifiscn, specific, Specifique. 
 
 Specifische Schwere, specific gravity, . 
 Pesanleur. 
 
 Specifischen, specifics, s. Specifique. 
 
 Speck, lard, Saindoux. 
 
 Speckbruch, steatocele, Steatocele. 
 
 Speckgeschwullst oder Fettgeschwullst, 
 steatoma, Stdat6me. 
 
 Speckhaut, crusta phlogistica, Couenne. 
 
 Speerkraut, Ranunculus rlammula,Dou ve. 
 
 Speiche, radius, Radius. 
 
 Speichel, saliva, Salive. 
 
 Speichelausleerend, sialagogus.Sialagogue. 
 
 Speicheldriisen, salivary glands, s. Glande. 
 
 Speichelfistel, fistula, s. Salivaire. 
 
 Speichelfluss, sialorrhoea, Sialorrhee. 
 
 Speichelgange, salivary ducts, s. Salivaire. 
 
 Speichellehre, sialologia, Sialologie. 
 
 Speichelmaugel, oligosialia, Oligosialie. 
 
 Speichelmittel, sialogoga, Sialogogues. 
 
 Speicheln, sialismus, Sialisme. 
 
 Speicheliiberfluss, polysialia, Polysialie. 
 
 Speichelwurz, A. pyrethrum, Pyrethre. 
 
 Speichenmuskel, ausserer kurzer, Exten- 
 sor carpi radialis brevior, s. Radial. 
 
 Speichenm., ausserer langer, Extensor car- 
 pi radialis longior, 
 
 Speichenm., innerer, Flexor carpi , 
 
 Speichenschlagader, arteria radialis, 
 
 Speise, alimentum, Aliment. 
 
 Speisebrei, chyme, Chyme. 
 
 Speisekanal, aliment, canal, s. Alimentaire. 
 
 Speiseordnung, regulation of diet, Regime. 
 
 Speiserohre, oesophagus, (Esophage. 
 
 Speiserohrenblutung, oesophagorrhagia, 
 (Esophagorrhagie.
 
 SPI 
 
 Speiserbhrenentziindung, cesophagitis, (E- 
 
 sophagite. 
 Speiseronrenschlitz des Zwerchfells,hiatus 
 
 oesophageus diaphragmatis, s. (Esophage. 
 Speiserohrenschnitt, oesophagotomy, GEso- 
 
 phagotomie. 
 
 Speisesaft, chyle, Chyle. 
 Speisesaftbehaltniss, recept. chy li,s. Citeme. 
 Speisesaflbereitung, -poiesis, Chylopoiese. 
 Speisesaftmangel, oligochylia, Oligochylie. 
 Speisesaftrohre, s. Brustgang. 
 Spelt, Triticum spelta, . Froment. 
 Spelz, gluma, Glume. 
 Spelze, gluma, Balle. 
 Sperberbaum, Sorbus, Sorbier. 
 Spermatisch, spermatic, Spermatique. 
 Spey-, Spucknapf, spitting-pot, Crachoir. 
 Speyung, spitting, Crachement. 
 Spiegel, speculum, Speculum. 
 Spiessformig, hastatus, Haste. 
 Spiessglanz, -glas, antimony, Antimoine. 
 Spiessglanz, roher, antimonium crudum, 
 Spiessglanzbutter, butter of antimony, s. 
 
 Seurre, et Chlorure. 
 Spiessglanz halt iges weinsteinsaures Kali, 
 
 Tartras potassse stibiatus, s. Antimoine. 
 Spiessglanzleber, hepar antimonii, s. Pole. 
 Spiessglanzmetall, s. Spiessglanz. 
 Spiessglanzmittel, antimonial remedies, *. 
 
 Antimoine. 
 
 Spiessglanzwein, Vinum Antimonii, 
 Spiessglanzweinstein, s. Spiessglanzhalt- 
 
 iges weinsteinsaures Kali. 
 Spigelie, Spigelia, Spigelie. 
 Spigell'scher Lappen, 1. Spigelii, s. Lobule. 
 Spinalnerven, spinal nerves, s. Vertebral. 
 Spinal, Spinacia, Epinard. 
 Spindel, rachis, Axe. 
 Spindelbaum, Euonymus, Fusain. 
 Spindelformig, fusiformis, Fusifonne. 
 Spinne, Aranea, Araignee. 
 Spinnen, Arachnida, Arachnides. 
 Spinnengewebe,telaaranearum,s.^rai7ne^. 
 Spinnenwebenformig, -noid, Arachnoide. 
 Spinnenwebenhaut, tunica arachnoidea, 
 Spinnenwebenhautchen, same, 
 Spinnenwebenhautentziindung, arachnitis, 
 
 Arachnoidite. 
 Spint, alburnum, Aubier. 
 Spiralbinde, s. Hobelbinde. 
 Spiralblatt, spiral leaf, *. Spiral. 
 Spiralformig, spiraJis, Spiral. 
 Spiralgefasse der Pflanzen, spiral vessels 
 
 of plants, s. Trachte. 
 Spirabzunge der Schmetterlinge, spiral 
 
 tongue of Lepidoptera, 
 Spital, hospital, Hdpital. 
 Spitalfieber, hospital-fever, 
 Spitze, point, Pointe. 
 Spitze, ausserste, summit, Sommite. 
 Spitzflossen, Stachelflossen, Acanthoptery- 
 
 gii (Pisces), Acanthopterygiens. 
 Spitzig, acute, Aigu. 
 Spitziger s, Scharfer Winkel. 
 Spitzzakne, . Eckzahne. 
 636 
 
 STA 
 
 ion of the vis- 
 
 Splanchnographie, descripti 
 cera, Splanchnographie. 
 
 Splanchnologie, nologia, Splanchnologie. 
 
 Splenalgie, splenalgia, Splenalgie. 
 
 Splitter, splinter, Echarde. 
 
 Sporadisch, sporadic, Sporadique. 
 
 Sporadische Krankheiten, diseases, 
 
 Sporn, spur, Eperon. 
 
 Spornformiger Honigbehalter, spur-shap- 
 ed nectary, *. Nectaire. 
 
 Sprachlosigkeit, loss of speech, Alalie. 
 
 Spreu, Spreublattchen, palea, Paillette. 
 
 Spreuartig, -tragend, paleaceus, Paldace'. 
 
 Springgurke, s. Eselskurbiss. 
 
 Springkdrner, s. Purgierkorner. 
 
 Sprotte, Clupea sprattus, s. Clupie. 
 
 Sprungbein, astragalus, Astragale. 
 
 Spulwurm, A. lumbricoides, *. Ascaride. 
 
 Squille, Scilla, Scille. 
 
 Squillitine, scillitina, Scillitine. 
 
 Staar, schwarzer, s. Amaurose. 
 
 Staarmesser, ceratotomus, Ce'ratatome. 
 
 Stabformig, rabdoides, Kabdoide. 
 
 Stabwurz, Artemisia abrotan., Abrotanum. 
 
 Stachel, aculeus, Aiguillon. 
 
 Stachelbeere, gooseberry, Groseille. 
 
 Stachelbeerstrauch,Ribes grossularia,Gro- 
 seillier. 
 
 St.ichelich, aculeatus, Aiguillone'. 
 
 Stachelig, echinatus, Echind. 
 
 Stachelmohn, Argemone, Argemone. 
 
 Stachelnuss, Trapa, Macre. 
 
 Stachelspitzig, mucronatus, Mucrone'. 
 
 Stachlig, hirtus, hispidus, Herisse". 
 
 Stahl, chalybs, Acier. 
 
 Stahl- od. eisenartig, chalybeatus,Chalybe. 
 
 Stahlwein, Vinum Ferri, s. Per. 
 
 Stamm, race, Race. 
 
 Stamm, stalk or stem, Tige. 
 
 Stamm, trunk, Tronc. 
 
 gtamm eines Baums, stem of tree, *. Tige. 
 
 Stamm der Palmen, st. Palmarum,*. Stipe. 
 
 Stamm der Pilze, stipes Fungorum, 
 
 Stammeln, stammering, Balbutiement. 
 
 Stammeln, to stammer, Balbutier. 
 
 Stammelnd, stammering, Begue. 
 
 Stampel, pistil, Pistil. 
 
 Stand, static, Station. 
 
 Standort, habitation, 
 
 Stanger-Lack, lacca in ramis, a. Laque. 
 
 Staphyloma, staphyloma, Staphylome. 
 
 Starke, amylun, Amidon. 
 
 Sta'rke, sthenia, Sthdnie. 
 
 Starkend, roborans, Corroborant. 
 
 Starkes Bier, cerevisia fortis, s. Bi'ere. 
 
 Starkung, strengthening, Corroboration. 
 
 Starkungsmittel, roborantia, s. Corroborant, 
 
 Stark-zusammenziehende Mittel, *. Styp- 
 tische Mittel. 
 
 Starrheit, rigiditas, Eoideur. 
 
 Starrkrampf7 tetanus, Tetanos. 
 
 Starrkrampf, allgemeiner, general , 
 
 Starrkrampf, ortlicher, partial , 
 
 Starrsucht, catalepsia, Catalepsie. 
 
 Staubbeutel, anther, Anthere.
 
 STE 
 
 Staubbeutel, einfachriger, anthera unilo- 
 
 cularis, *. Anthere. 
 Staubfade, stamen, Etamine. 
 Staubig, pulverulentus, Pulverulent. 
 Staubregen, rime, Bruine. 
 Staubweg, pistil, Pistil. 
 Staudengewiichs, sufFrutex, Sous-Arbris- 
 
 seau. 
 
 Steatom, steatoma, Ste'atome. 
 Stechapfel, Stramonium, Stramoine. 
 Stechapfelblatt, folium Stramonii, 
 Stechapfelextract, Extractum , 
 Stechpalme, Ilex, Houx. 
 Steifheit, stiffness, Raideur. 
 Steif'heit eines Gliedes, of a limb, 
 Steifigkeit, s. Starrheit. 
 Steifsucht, tetanus, Te'tanos. 
 Steigbiigel, stapes, Etrier. 
 Steigbugelmuskel, Stapedius, Stapedien. 
 Stein, calculus, Pierre, Calcul. 
 Steinartig, calculosus, Calculeux. 
 Steinartig, petrosus, Pierreux. 
 Steinartige Massen, calcareous masses, 
 
 s. Encephalotomie. 
 
 Steinauflosend, -tripticus, Lithontriptique. 
 Steinaudosende Mittel, lithontriptica, 
 Steinausleerende Mittel, remedia lithago- 
 
 ga, Lithagogues. 
 Steinbildung im Darmkanal, formation of 
 
 intestinal concretions, Ente'ro-Lithiase. 
 Steinbock, Capra ibex, s. Chevre. 
 Steinbohrer, Pholas, Pholade. 
 Steinbrech, Saxifraga, Saxifrage. 
 Steinbrechend, saxifragus, Saxifrage. 
 Steinbrech-Familie, Saxifrageae, Saxifra- 
 
 gees. 
 
 Steinbutt, R. maximus, s. Pleuronecte. 
 Steineppich, Bubon, Bubon. 
 Steinfrucht, drupa, Drupe. 
 Steinfruchtartig, drupaceus, Drupace'. 
 Steinhart, lapideus, Pierreux. 
 Steinkohle, common coal, Houille. 
 Steinkohlengebirge, coal-measures, 
 Steinkrankheit, lithiasis, Lithiase. 
 Steinlehre, lithology, Lithologie. 
 SteinlofFel, litholabus, Litholabe. 
 Steinlos, litholabus, Litholabe. 
 Steinlos, Kernlos, apyrenus, Apyrene. 
 Steinlose Beere, Dacca apyrena, 
 Steinmesser, lithotomus, Lithotome. 
 Steinmittel, s. Steinauflosende Mittel. 
 Steinol, naphtha, Naphthe. 
 Steinsame, Lithospermum, Gremil. 
 Steinschneider, lithotomist, Lithotomiste. 
 Steinschnitt, lithotomy, Lithotomie. 
 Steinzange, lithotomy-forceps, Litholabe. 
 Steiss, uropygium, Croupion. 
 Steissbein, crupper-bone, Coccyx. 
 Steissbeinhorner, cornua coccygis,s. Come. 
 Steissbeinmuskel,Ischio-coccygeus,Ischio- 
 
 Coccygien. 
 
 Steissnerv, nervus coccygeus, *. Nerf. 
 Stellung, attitude, Attitude. 
 Stellung, *. Standort. 
 Stelzen, Grallae, Echasses. 
 
 637 
 
 Stengel, stalk, stem, Tige. 
 Stengelartig, cauliformis, Cauliforme. 
 Stengelformig, same, 
 Stengelstandig, caulinaris, Caulinaire. 
 Stengelumfassend,amplexicaulis,Amplex- 
 
 icaule. 
 Stenonscher Gang, ductus Stenonianus, 
 
 s. Stenostenose. 
 
 Sterbelisten, bills of mortality ,$.Mortalite. 
 Sterblichkeit, mortality, Mortalite. 
 Stern, star, Etoile. 
 Stern, pupil, Pupille. 
 Sternanis, Illicium, Badiane. 
 Sterndeuter, s. Astrolog. 
 Sterndeuterie, s. Astrologie. c 
 Stethoskop, stethoscopium, Stethoscope. 
 Steuerruder, gubernaculum, Gouvernail. 
 Sthenisch, sthenic, Sthenique. 
 Sthenisches Fieber, sthenic fever, 
 Stickhusten, tussis ferina, s. Ferine. 
 Stickluft, Stickstoffj azote, Azote. 
 Stiel, stipes, Stipe. 
 Stiellos, sessile, Sessile. 
 Stiellose s. Sitzende Blatter. 
 Stier, Bos, Boeuf. 
 Stille, still, *. Distillation. 
 Stillstande, stasis, Stase. 
 Stimme, voice, Voix. 
 Stimmbander, ligamenta thyreoarytaenoi- 
 
 deae, s. Thyro-Arytincndien. 
 Stimmlos, aphonus, Aphone. 
 Stimmlosigkeit, aphonia, Aphonie. 
 Stimmorgane, organs of voice, s. Vocal. 
 Stimmritze, rima glottidis, Glotte. 
 Stimmritzbander, cordse vocales, s. Corde. 
 Stinkasand, assafoetida, Assa-Fcetida. 
 Stinkasandpillen, Pilulse fcetidse, 
 Stinkasandpflaster, Emplastrum fcetidum, 
 Stinkasandtinctur,Tinct.Assae-Foetidse, 
 Stinkbaum, s. Anagyris stinkende. 
 StinkendeNieswurz,H.fcetidus^.fi r e//e6ore 
 Stinkende Schwerdtlilie, Iris foetid., s. Iris. 
 Stinkender Asand, s. Stinkasand. 
 Stinkender Peterlein,^Ethusa cynapium,*. 
 
 Ethuse. 
 
 Stint, Osmerus, Eperlan. 
 Stint, grosser, Osmerus eperlanus, 
 Stirn, irons, Front. 
 
 Stirnarterie, arteria frontalis, s. Frontal. 
 Stirnband, Stirnbinde, frontale, Frontal. 
 Stirnbein, os frontis, s. Coronal. 
 Stirnhocker, tuber frontale, s. Basse. 
 Stirnhuhlen, sinus frontales, s. Frontal. 
 Stirnhohlenentziindung, metopantritis, 
 
 Metopan trite. 
 Stirnhohlenschinerz, metopantralgia, Me- 
 
 topantralgie. 
 
 Stirnleiste, crista frontalis, s. Frontal. 
 Stirnmuskel, musculus frontalis, 
 Stirnnerv, nervus frontalis, 
 Stirnschau, metoposcopia, Me'topoacopie. 
 Stirntheil des ^ternbeins, pars frontalis 
 
 ossis frontis, s. Frontal. 
 Stirnvene, vena frontalis, 
 Stockung, 5. Stillstand.
 
 STU 
 
 Stopfel, Stopfer, plug, Tampon. 
 Stopfwachs, propolis, Propolis. 
 Stor, Accipenser sturio, s. Esturyeon. 
 Storax, styrax, Styrax. 
 Storax-Pillen, Pilulae de Styrace, 
 
 Storaxsalbe, Unguentum , 
 
 Storchschnabel, Pelargonium, *. Bee. 
 Stoss, prick, puncture, Piqure. 
 Stossel, pestle, Pilon. 
 Stottern, stammering, Balbutiement. 
 Strahl, Strahlen, pi., radius, radii, Rayon. 
 Strahlenband, ciliary ligament, 
 Strahlenblume, flos radiatus, 
 Strahlenbrechung, refractio, Refraction. 
 Strahlend, radians, Rayonnant. 
 Strahlenthiere, Radiata, Radiaires. 
 Strahlkorb, M. stultorum, s. Mactre. 
 Straucher, frutices, s. Arbre. 
 Strauden, perennial plants, 
 Straus, Struthio camelus, s. Autruche. 
 Strauss, thyrsus, Thyrse. 
 Strechbarkheit, ductility, Ductilite. 
 Strechmuskel, kleiner, des Vorderarms, An- 
 
 coneus, Ancond. 
 
 Strei Streifen, pi., stria, Striae, Strie. 
 Strick, s. Saite. 
 Strick, Stricken, pi., s. Streif. 
 Strictur, strictura, Stricture. 
 Stroh, straw, Paille. 
 Strohfarben, straw-coloured, Faille*. 
 Strohmatratze, straw-matrass, 
 Stromling,Clupanodonpilchardus,s.C7pee 
 Strunk, stipes, Stipe. 
 Strunkformig, stipiformis, Stipiforme. 
 Struppig, hirsutus, Hirsute. 
 Strychnin, -nine, strychnina, Strychnine. 
 Strychninsauer, strychnic, Strychnique. 
 Strychninsaure Salze, strychnates, _ 
 Stubenfliege, gemeine, Musca domestica, 
 
 s. Mouche. 
 
 Stubenofen, stove, Etuve. 
 Stiick, erstes des Brustbeins, first piece 
 
 of the sternum, s. Primisternal. 
 Stufenjahr, annus climact.f.Climactfrique. 
 Stuhlgang, dejectio, Dejection. 
 Stuhlgange, dejectiones alvinae,*. Alvine. 
 Stuhlzapfchen, suppository, Suppositoire. 
 Stuhlzwanz, s. Tenesmus. 
 Stummheit, mutism, Mutismc. 
 Stumpf, obtusus, Obtus. 
 Stumpfblattrig, obtusifolius, Obtusifolie*. 
 Stumpfeckig,obtusangulatus,Obtusangule. 
 Stumpfes oder schwaches Gesicht, obscure 
 
 or weak vision, Amblyopie. 
 Stumpfheit der Sinne, dyssesthesia, Dysse- 
 
 sthesie. 
 
 Stumpfkantig, s. Stumpfcckig. 
 Stumpfsichtigkeit, amblyopia, Amblyopie. 
 Sturm, Sturmwind, storm, Orage. 
 Sturmhut, Aconitum, Aconit. 
 Sturmhut, blauer, A. napellus, 
 Sturmisch, stormy, Orageux. 
 Sturmvogel, gemeiner, Thalassidroma 
 
 olim Procelmria pelagica, 
 SturzbaumjBurzelbaumjmversio^ulbute- 
 638 
 
 SYS 
 
 Stute, equa, Cavale. 
 
 Stiitze, fulcrum, s. Point. 
 
 Styptisch, styptic, Styptique. 
 
 Styptische Mittel, remedia styptica, 
 
 Styrax, *. Storax. 
 
 Sublimat, sublimatum, Sublime'. 
 
 Sublimation, sublimatio, Sublimation. 
 
 Sublimirgef ass, -atorium, Sublimatoire. 
 
 Sublimirt, sublimatus, Sublime. 
 
 Sublimirter Schwefel, sulphur , 
 
 Sublimirunc, s. Sublimation. 
 
 Sumach, Rhus, Sumac. 
 
 Sumpf, marsh, Marais. 
 
 Sumpfieber, marsh-fever, Helopyre. 
 
 Sumpfhahnenfuss, kleine, Ranunculus 
 
 ilammula, s. Renoncule. 
 Sumpfig, marshy, Marecageux. 
 Sumpfpflanze, marsh-plant, *. Marais. 
 Sumpfschaftheu, Equisetum palustre, 
 Sumpfwasser, bog- or marsh- water, s. Eau. 
 Siiss, sweet, Doux, Sucre. 
 Siisser Mandel, amygdalus dulcis, 
 Siisserde, glycina, Glucyne. 
 Susses Wasser, fresh water, . Eau. 
 Siissholz, Glycyrrhiza, Glycyrrhize. 
 Siissholz, gemeines, Glycyrrhiza glabra, 
 Siissholz wurzel, radix Glycyrrhizae, 
 Siissholzwurzelsaft, Extr. glycyrrhizae, 
 Siissholzwurzelsyrup, Syrupus , 
 Sussholzzucker, Glycyrrhizina, Glycyr- 
 
 rhizine. 
 
 Symmetrie, symmetry, Symetrie. 
 Symmetrisch, symmetrical, Symetrique. 
 Sympathie, sympathy, Sympathie. 
 SympathischjSympatheticus.Sympathique 
 Sympathische Nerven, n. sympathetici, 
 Sympathischer Nerv, grosser, nervus sym- 
 
 patheticus magnus, 
 Sympathischer Nerv, kleiner, nervus sym- 
 
 pathicus parvus, 
 Sympathischer Nerv, mittlerer, nervus 
 
 sympatheticus medius, 
 Symptom, symptoma, Symptome. 
 Symptomatisch, matic, Sy mptomatique. 
 Symptomatisches Fieber, fever, __ 
 Symptomatologie,symptomatology,Symp- 
 
 tomatologie. 
 
 Synantherie, Synantheria, Synanthdrie. 
 Syndesmographie, syndesmographia, Syn- 
 
 desmographie. 
 
 Syndesmotomie, tomia, Syndesmotomie. 
 Synechie, synechia, Syndchie. 
 Synochisches Fieber, febris synocha, s. 
 
 Synoque. 
 
 Synovialhaute, synovial membranes, s. 
 Synovialkapseln, capsules, s. Synovie. 
 Syphilis, syphilis, Syphilis. 
 Syphilitisch, syphilitic, SyphiUtique. 
 Syruigotom, syringotomus, Syringotome. 
 Syringotomie,syringotomia,Syringotomie. 
 Syrische s. Scammonien-Winde. 
 System, systema, Systeme. 
 Systematisch, systematic, Systematique. 
 Systemlehre, -atologia, Systematologie. 
 Systole, systole, Systole.
 
 T. 
 
 TER 
 
 Tabak, Nicotiana, Tabac. 
 Tabak, gemeiner oder virginischer, Nico- 
 tiana tabacum, 
 Tabaksblatt, folium Nicotianae, 
 Tabaksextract, Extractum Nicotianae, 
 Tabakssalbe, Unguentum Nicotianse, 
 Tafel, tabula, Table. 
 Tafel, aussere der Hirnschale, lamina cra- 
 
 nii externa, s. Table. 
 
 Tafel, innere , lamina interna, 
 
 Tag, Tage, pi., day, Jour. 
 Tagblinder, nyctalops, Nyctalope. 
 Tagblindheit, nyctalopia, Nyctalopie. 
 Tage-buch, diarium, Diaire. 
 Tagesfieber, s. Eintatiges Fieber. 
 Taglich, quotidian, Amphe'merine. 
 Taglich, quotidian, Catne'merine. 
 Taglich, diurnal, Diurne, Diaire. 
 Tagliches s. Alltagliches Fieber. 
 Tagsehen, s. Nachtblindheit. 
 Talg, sebum, Suif. 
 Talgbusch, m., Myrica gale, s. Gale. 
 Talgdriisen, glandulae sebaceae, s. Sebace. 
 Talkerde, magnesia, Magne'sie. 
 Talkerde, schwefelsaure, s. Schwefelsaure 
 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Tamarinde, tamarind, Tamarin. 
 Tamarindenbaum, T. indica, Tamarinier. 
 Tamarisken, franzosisehe, Tamarix galli- 
 
 ca, s. Tamarisc. 
 
 Tamarisken, teutsche, T. germanica, 
 Tamariskenstaude, f., Tauiarix, Tamarisc. 
 Tanz, saltatio, Danse. 
 Tanzfcrankheit, tarantulism, Tarentisme. 
 Tanzsucht, choremania, Chore'manie. 
 Tarantel, Lycosa tarantula, Tarentule. 
 Tartarisirter Weinstein, s. Weinstein- 
 
 saures Kali. 
 
 Taube, Columba, Pigeon. 
 Taubfisch, Torpedo vulgaris, s. Torpille. 
 Taubheit, deafness, Surdite. 
 Tausenblatt,A. millefolium,Mille-Feuille. 
 Tausendblattrig, phyllus, Myriophylle. 
 Tausendgiildenkraut, Erythraea centauri- 
 
 um, s. Centauree. 
 Tausendgiildenkrautextract, Extractum 
 
 Centaurii minoris, 
 Taxus, Taxusbaum, Taxus, If. 
 Taxusblatter, folia Taxi baccatae, 
 Temperament, mentum, Temperament. 
 Tenakel, tenaculum, Tenaille. 
 Tenesmus, tenesmus, Tenesme. 
 Terpentin, terebinthina, Tdrdbenthine. 
 Terpentin, cyprischer, t. cypria, 
 Terpentin, gemeiner, t. communis, . 
 Terpentin, strassburger, terebinthina ar- 
 
 gentoratensis, 
 
 Terpentin, venedischer, t. veneta, 
 Terpentinartig, -thaceus, Tere'binthine'. 
 Terpentinbaum, Terebinthus, T^r^binthe. 
 
 639 
 
 THI 
 
 Terpentinbaum-Familie, Terebinthaceae, 
 T^rdbinthacees . 
 
 Terpentingeist, Sp. terebinthinse, s. Hvile. 
 
 Terpentinol, atherisches, Oleum , . 
 
 Terpentinsalbe, s. Digestivsalbe. 
 
 Testikel, testiculus, Testicule. 
 
 Tetanus, tetanus, Tetanos. 
 
 Tetradynamie, Tetradynamia, Te'trady- 
 namie. 
 
 Tetragynie, Tetragynia, Tetragynie. 
 
 Tetragynisch,tetragynicus,Tetragynique. 
 
 Tetrandrie, Tetrandria, Tetrandrie. 
 
 Tetrandrisch, tetrandricus, Tetrandrique. 
 
 Teufelabbiss, Teufelsbiss, s. Abbiss. 
 
 Teufelchen, parvus diabolus, Diablotin. 
 
 Teufebdreck,stercus diaboli, Assa-Fcetida. 
 
 Textur, textura, Textur. 
 
 Thatig, energetic, Energique. 
 
 Thau, dew, Rosee. 
 
 Thee, Theepflanze, Thea, The". 
 
 Thee griiner, Thea viridis, 
 
 Theebuh, Thea bohea, 
 
 Theer, Ther, tar, Goudron. 
 
 Theerraucherungen, f., pi., tar-vapours, 
 
 Theersalbe, Unguentum picis liquidae, 
 
 Theerwasser, Aqua picis liquidae, 
 
 Theil, part, Partie. 
 
 Theilbarkheit, divisibility, Divisibilite. 
 
 Theilchen, particle, Particule. 
 
 Theilung, divisio, Division. 
 
 Theoretisch, theoretic, Thdordtique. 
 
 Theoretische s. Dogmatische Aerzte. 
 
 Theorie, theory, Theorie. 
 
 Therapie, therapeutics, The'rapie. 
 
 Therapeutik, , Thdrapeutique. 
 
 Theriak, theriaca, Thdriaque. 
 
 Thermometer, metrum, Thermometre. 
 
 Thier, animal, Animal. 
 
 Thierarzt, zoiatrus, Zoiatre. 
 
 Thierchemie,animal chemistry,Zoocbimie 
 
 Thiergift, animal poison, Venin. 
 
 Thierheilkunde, zoiatria, Zoiatre. 
 
 Thierisch, animal, Animal. 
 
 Thierische Lebensthatigkeit, animal dy- 
 namics, Zoodynamie. 
 
 Thierische Substanz, animal substance, *. 
 Animalisation. 
 
 Thierischer Leim, s. Thierleim. 
 
 Thierischer , s. Lebens-Magnetismus. 
 
 Thierisches Lebensverm6"gen,5. Thierische 
 Lebensthatigkeit. 
 
 Thierisches Oel, animal oil, s. Huile. 
 
 Thierisches "Wesen, animal existence, t.A' 
 nimalite. 
 
 Thierlehre, zoology, Zoologie. 
 
 Thierleim, glue, s. Gelatine. 
 
 Thierpflanze, zoophytum, Zoophyte. 
 
 Thierpflanzen, Zoophyta, Zoophytes. 
 
 Thierreich, animal kingdom, . Regnt. 
 
 Thierseuche, epizootia, Epizootic.
 
 THR 
 
 Thierversteinerung, zoolite, Zoolithe. 
 
 Thierzergliederer, zootomist, Zootomiste. 
 
 Thierzergliederung, zootomy, Zootomie. 
 
 Thon, Thonerde, argil, Argile. 
 
 Thonartig, Thonig, argillaceous,Argilleux. 
 
 Thorax, thorax, Thorax. 
 
 Thran, blubber, Huile de Baleine. 
 
 Thrane, Thranen, pi., tear, Larme. 
 
 Thranenahnlich,-artig,dacryodesDacryode 
 
 Thranenauge, epiphora, Epiphora. 
 
 Thranenbein, os unguis, Unguis. 
 
 Thranenbeinleiste, crista lacrymalis, s.La- 
 crymal. 
 
 Thranenblutfluss,dacryohsemorrhysis,Da- 
 cryohemorrhyse. 
 
 Thranencarunkel, Thranenkarunkel, car- 
 uncula lacrymalis, s. Caroncule. 
 
 Thranendriise, glandula lacrymalis, s. La- 
 crymal. 
 
 Thranendriisenarterie, arteria , 
 
 Thranendriisenentziindung, dacryoadeni- 
 tis, Dacryoade"nite. 
 
 Thranendriisenfistel, fistula glanduke la- 
 crymalis, s. Lacrymal. 
 
 Thranendriisengriibe, fossa glandulae , 
 
 Thranendriisennerv, nervus lacrymalis, 
 
 Thranendriisenschmerz, dacryoadenalgia, 
 Dacryoadenalgie. 
 
 Thranendriisenvene, vena lacrymalis, s. 
 Lacrymal. 
 
 Thranendurchgange, viae lacrymales, 
 
 Thraneneiterfluss, dacryopyorrhoea, Da- 
 cryopyorrhee. 
 
 Thra"nenfistel, fistula lacrymalis, s.Fistule. 
 
 Thranenfluss, dacryorrhoea, Dacryorrhee. 
 
 Thranenfluss, epiphora, Epiphora. 
 
 Thranengange, viae lacrymales, s. Vole. 
 
 Thranenniigel, s. Thranenkarunkel. 
 
 Thranenkanal, ductus nasalis, s. Lacrymal. 
 
 Thranenkanalchen, oberes, ductus lacry- 
 malis superior, 
 
 Thranenkanalchen,unteres, inferior 
 
 Thr'dnenmuskel,m.,musculus lacrymalis, 
 
 Thranennasengang, ductus nasalis, 
 
 Thranenorgane, organa lacrymalia, 
 
 Thranenpunkte, puncta lacrymalia, 
 
 Thranenrohrchen, *. Thranenkanalchen. 
 
 Thranensack, saccus lacrymalis, s. 
 
 Thranensackausdehnung,dilatatio sacci la- 
 crymalis, s. Lacrymal. 
 
 Thranensackentziindung, dacryocystitis, 
 Dacryocystite. 
 
 Thranensackfurche, sulcus sacci lacryma- 
 lis, . Lacrymal. 
 
 Thranensackgeschwiir, ulceration of lacry- 
 mal sac, yEgilops. 
 
 Thranensackschmerz, dacrycystalgia, Da- 
 crycystalgie. 
 
 Thranenschlagader, s. Thranendriisenar- 
 terie. 
 
 Thranenschleimfluss, dacryoblennorrhcea, 
 Dacryoblennorrhee. 
 
 Thranenstein, dacryolithus, Dacryolithe. 
 
 Thranensteinbildung, dacryolithiasis, Da- 
 cryolithiase. 
 
 640 
 
 TRA 
 
 Thunfisch, Scomber thynnus, Thon. 
 
 Thurangelartig,ginglymoid,Ginglymoide. 
 
 Thymian, Thymus, Thym. 
 
 Thymian, gemeiner, T. vulgaris, 
 
 Thymian, wilder, T. serpyllum, 
 
 Thymusdriise, thymus gland, Thymus. 
 
 Tief, deep-seated, Profonde. 
 
 Tiefe Oberschenkelschlagader, arteria pro- 
 funda femoris, 
 
 Tiefer Beuger der Finger, Flexor profun- 
 dus digitorum, s. Flechisseur. 
 
 Tiefer Hohlhandbogen,arcus palmaris pro- 
 fundus vel radialis, s. Palmaire. 
 
 Tiefste Demiithigung, overwhelming de- 
 pression, Anneantissement. 
 
 Tinktur, tinctura, Teinture. 
 
 Tinktur, geistige, spirituous tincture, 
 
 Tisane, ptisan, Tisane. 
 
 Tobiasfisch, s. Sandaal. 
 
 Tod, death, Mort. 
 
 Tod, sanfter, euthanasia, Euthanasie. 
 
 Todtenkopf, caput mortuum. 
 
 Todtenkrampf, s. Tetanus. 
 
 Todtenregister, necrologium, Ne'crologe. 
 
 Todteskampfj s. Agonie. 
 
 Todtlich, Todlich, deadly, fatal, Ldthif ere. 
 
 Todtlicher Nachtschatlen, Atropa Bella- 
 donna, s. Belladonne. 
 
 Todtliches Gift, mortal poison, s. Mortel. 
 
 Todtlichkeit, lethalitas, Lethalit^. 
 
 Todtung durch Gift, death from poison, 
 Empoisonnement. 
 
 Tollapfel, Solanum insanum, s. MoreUe. 
 
 Tollheit, mania, Manie. 
 
 Tollkirsche, Atropa, Belladonne. 
 
 Tollkorn, s. Sommerlolch. 
 
 Tollkraut, *. Tollkirsche. 
 
 Tolubalsam,balsamum tolutanum,*.5ane 
 
 Tolubalsamsaft, Syrupus b. tolutani, 
 
 Tolubalsamtinktur, Tinctura , 
 
 Ton, Tonus, tone, Ton. 
 
 Tonisch, tonic, Tonique. 
 
 Tonische Mittel, tonic remedies, 
 
 Tonkunst, s. Musik. 
 
 Topisch, topical, Topique. 
 
 TopischeArzneimittel, remedies,*. Local. 
 
 Tormentill, Tormentilla, Tormentille. 
 
 Tormentillwurzel, radix Tormentillse, 
 
 Touchiren, examination byfinger, Toucher 
 
 Toxicologie, toxicology, Toxicologie. 
 
 Trachtigkeit, gestatio, Gestation. 
 
 Traganth, -gummi,tragacantha,Adragant. 
 
 Tragantstoff, m., -thina, Adraganthine. 
 
 Tragbinde, suspensorium, Suspensoire. 
 
 Trager, *. Atlas. 
 
 Trager des Staubfadens, filament, or shaft 
 of a stamen, Filet. 
 
 Tragheit, inertia, Inertie. 
 
 Trank, potion, Boisson. 
 
 Transfusion des Blutes, transfusio san- 
 guinis, s. Transfusion. 
 
 Traubenauge, staphyloma, Staphylome. 
 
 Traubenauge der Hornhaut, st. corneae, 
 
 Traubenauge der Sclerotica, staphyloma 
 scleroticse,
 
 THO 
 
 Traubenartig, rhagoides, Rhagoide. 
 Traubenhaut, tunica rhagoides, 
 Traubenhautchen, membranauvea, Uvee. 
 Traubenstock, Vitis vinifera, s. Vigne. 
 Traubig, s. Traubenartig. 
 Traum, dream, Songe. 
 Traum, lebhafter, oneirogmus, Oneirogme. 
 Traumatisch, traumatic, Traumatique. 
 Traumdeuterie, mancia,Oneiromancie. 
 Traumen, krankhaftes angstliches, oneiro- 
 
 dynia, Oneirodynie. 
 Traumlehre, oneirologia, Oneirologie. 
 Traumtheorie, theory of dreams, 
 Traurigkeit, athymia, Athymie. 
 Treibmuskeln, accelatores, s. Accelerateur. 
 Trennung, divisio, Dierese, Division. 
 Trepan, trepan, Trepan. 
 Trepan, kleiner, s. Trephine. 
 Trepanirung, f., trepanatio, Trepanation. 
 Trepankrone,crown of trephine,*. Couronne. 
 Trephine, trephine, Trephine. 
 Trephine, oder Trepan, mil konische 
 
 Krone, with conical crown t s.Abaptista. 
 Triandrie, Triandria, Triandrie. 
 Trichter. ir\fun&il)\ilum,s.Infundibuliforme. 
 Trichter des Hirns,infundibul. cerebri, 
 Trichterf ormig, infundibuliformis, Inliin- 
 
 dibuliforme. 
 
 Trichuride, Trichuris, Trichuride. 
 Trigynie, Trigynia, Trigynie. 
 Trinkmuskel, Potator, Buveur. 
 Trioicie, Trioikie, Trioecia, Trioe'cie. 
 Tripper, s. Gonorrhoe. 
 Trivialname, f., specific name, s.Specifique. 
 Trochiske, s. Kiigelchen. 
 Trochiter, trochiter, Trochiter. 
 Trockenheit der Haare, xerasia, XeYasie. 
 
 TYP 
 
 Trockne Augenentziindung, xerophthal- 
 
 mia, Xe'rophthalmie. 
 Trockne Frictionen, dry frictions, *. Xiro- 
 
 tripsie. 
 
 Trockne Kolik, dry colic, *. Colique. 
 Trocknend, s. Austrocknend. 
 Trocknes Reiben, xerotripsia,Xe'rotripsie. 
 Trommel, tympanum, Tympan. 
 Trommelfell, s. Paukenfell. 
 Troinmelfellnerv, s. Paukenfellsaite. 
 Trommelhautchen, s. Paukenfell. 
 Trommelhohle, s. Paukenhohle. 
 Trommelsucht, tympanitis, Tympanite. 
 Trompete, tuba, Trompe. 
 Trompete,Fallopische,s.Muttertrbmpete. 
 Trompetermuskel, s. ackenmuskel. 
 Trompetervogel, m., s. Agami. 
 Tropf, Tropfe, pi., Tropfen, drop, Goutte. 
 Tropf bad, shower-bath, s. Sain. 
 Trugdolde, cyma. Cyme. 
 Trugdoldenformig, cymosus, Cymeux. 
 Trugdoldentragend, cymifer, . 
 Tuberkel, tubercle, Tubercule. 
 Tuberkelsucht, tubercular disease, 
 Tiimmler, Delphinus delphis, s. Dauphin. 
 Turkenbund, C. melopepo, s. Courge. 
 Tiirkensattel, sella turcica, s. Sells, 
 Tiirkisch, turkish, Turcique. 
 Turkische s. Aleppische Gallapf'el. 
 Turteltaube, Columba turtur, s. Pigeon. 
 Typhomanie, typhomania, Typhomanie. 
 Typho's, typhous, s. Typhode. 
 Typhoses Fieber, typhous fever, 
 Typhus, typhus, Typhus. 
 Typhusahnlich, typhodes, Typhode. 
 Typhusfieber, s. Typhoses Fieber. 
 Typus, typus, Type. 
 
 u. 
 
 UEB 
 
 Uebel, malum, Mai. 
 
 Uebelfinden, indisposition, Indisposition. 
 
 Uebelgebildet, deformis, DirForme. 
 
 Uebelheit, nausea, Nause'e. 
 
 Ueberbein, ganglion, Ganglion. 
 
 Uebereinstimmung, s. Analogie. 
 
 Uebereinstimmung der Theile, consensus 
 partium, s. Cansentement. 
 
 Ueberfluss der Galle, overflow of bile, 
 Polycholie. 
 
 Ueberfliissig, superfluous, Superflu. 
 
 Ueberfullung der Gefasse mit Blut, inor- 
 dinate fulnessofblood-vessels,s.P/e/Aore. 
 
 Ueberhangend, nutans, Nutant. 
 
 Ueberhaufung, oppression, Accablement. 
 
 TJeberkrustung, s. Incrustirung. 
 
 Ueberleitung, s. Transfusion. 
 
 Uebermassiger Schweiss, excessive perspi- 
 ration, Polyhidrie. 
 
 Uebernahrung, s. Hypertrophie. 
 
 Ueberrock, upper covering, Surtout. 
 
 Ueberschwangerung, superfcetatio, Super- 
 fetation. 
 
 641 
 
 UMS 
 
 Umbeugung der Gebarmutter, s. Schiefe 
 
 Lage. 
 
 Umdrehend, rotatory, Kotateur. 
 Umdrehende Muskeln, muscles, 
 Umdreher, epistropheus, Epistrophe. 
 Umdreher, Rotator, Rotateur. 
 Umgestaltung, s. Metamorphose. 
 Umhersehen, periblepsis, Periblepsie. 
 Umhersehen, angstliches derDelirirenden, 
 
 erratic gaze 01 the delirious, 
 Umherziehend, ambulans, Ambulant. 
 TJmkehrung, anastrophe, Anastrophie. 
 Umkehrung, exstrophia, Exstrophie. 
 Umkehrung der Harnblase, inversio vesi- 
 
 cse urinarise, s. Anastrophie. 
 Umkehrung des Uterus, _ uteri, 
 Umlauf, s. Kreislauf. 
 Umschlag, cataplasma, Cataplasme. 
 Umschlag, epitnema, Epitheme. 
 Umschreiben, circumscriptus, Circonscrit. 
 Umschreibenes Anevrysma, aneurysma 
 
 circumscriptum, s. Antvrysme. 
 Umsch weifend, vagus, Egare'. 
 
 3A
 
 Umschweifende Augen, oculi errantes, 
 Umsetzung, metathesis, Metathese. 
 Umwandlung, s. Metamorphose. 
 Unahnlich, dissimilis, Dissemblable. 
 Unauflosbarkheit,insolubility,Insolubilite. 
 Unaufloslich, insoluble, Insoluble. 
 Unaufloslichkeit, s. Unautiosbarkeit. 
 Unbehaart, hairless, Glabre. 
 Unbeschwanzt, ecaudate, Ecaude*. 
 Unbeweglichkeit, acinesia, Acinesie. 
 Unbiegsamkeit, acampsia, Acampsie. 
 Undurchbohrtheit des Afters, imperfora- 
 
 tio recti, *. Imperforation. 
 Undurchbohrtheit der Harnrohre, imper- 
 
 foratio urethne, 
 Undurchdringlichkeit,impenetrability,Im- 
 
 pene'trabilite. 
 
 Undurchlochert, imperforate, Imperfore'. 
 Undurchsichtig, opaque, Opaque. 
 Undurchsichtigkeit, opacity, Opacite. 
 Unempfindlichkeit, apathy, Apathie. 
 Unempfindlichkeit, insensibility, Dysses- 
 
 the'sie. 
 
 Unenthaltsamkeit, nent,ia,Incontinence. 
 Unersattlichkeit, acoria, Acorie. 
 Unfliigelt, apterus, Aptere. 
 Unfruchtbar, sterile, Infecond, Stdrile. 
 Unfrucbtbarkeit, sterility, Aciesie, Ago- 
 
 nie, Atocie, Sterilite. 
 Ungeheuer, s. M issgeburt. 
 Ungekocht, uncooked, s. Apeptique. 
 Ungekocht, same, Cru. 
 Ungenannt, innominatus, Innomine. 
 Ungenannte Schlagader, arteria innomi- 
 
 nata, s. Brachio-Cephalique. 
 Ungenanntes Bein, s. Hliftbein. 
 Ungepaart, azygos, Azygos. 
 Ungepaarte Blutader, vena azygos, 
 Ungepaarter Muskel, azygous muscle, 
 Ungesauert, azymus, Azyme. 
 Ungesauertes Brod, unleavened bread, 
 Ungeschlechtsreif, impuber, Impubere. 
 Ungestaltet, s. CTebelgebildet. 
 Ungestaltheit, deformity, DifFormite'. 
 TJngleich, inaequalis, Inegal. 
 Ungleichklappig, Ungleichschalig, inaequi- 
 
 valvis, Inequivalve. 
 Ungleichmassig, s. Anomalisch. 
 Ungleichmassigkeit, s. Anomalie. 
 Unkritisch, acriticus, Acritique. 
 Unmannbar, impuber, Anebe, Impubere. 
 Unmannlichkeit, anandria, Anandrie. 
 Unmassigkeit, intemperance, Intemper- 
 
 ancie. 
 
 Unmethodisch,immethodicalAmethodique 
 Unmiindig, s. Unmannbar. 
 Unordentlich, ataxicus, Ataxique. 
 Unordentlich, irregular, Ecrhythme. 
 Unordentlich, erratic, Erratique. 
 Unordnung, ataxia, Ataxie. 
 Unorganisch, inorganic, Inorganique. 
 Unpaai-gefiedert, impari-pinnatus, Impa- 
 
 n-Pinne. 
 
 Unpaarig, pairless, Impair. 
 Unpressbar, pressible, Incompressible. 
 
 642^ 
 
 UNT 
 
 Unpressbarkeit, incompressibility, Incom- 
 
 pressibilit^. 
 
 Unregelmassig, irregular, Anormal. 
 Unregelmassig, atypical, Atypique. 
 Unregelmassig, irregular, Irregulier. 
 Unregelmassigkeit, s. Anomalie. 
 Unreif, unripe, Cru, s., also, Apeptique. 
 Unreife, crudity, Crudite. 
 Unreinigkeit, saburra, Saburre. 
 Unreinigkeit in den ersten "Wegen, sordes 
 
 primarum viarum, 
 Unruhe, restlessness, Agitation. 
 Unruhe, alysmus, Alysme. 
 Unsinnigkeit, dementia, Demence. 
 Unteraugenhohlenkanal, canalis infraorbi- 
 
 talis, s. Sous-Orbitaire. 
 Unteraugenhohlenloch, f. infraorbitale, 
 Un teraugenhoh lennerv, n. in fraorbitalis, 
 Unteraugenhohlenschlagader, arteria , 
 Unterbauch, belly, Abdomen, Basventre. 
 Unterbauch, hypogastrium, Hypogastre. 
 Unterbauchgegend, hypogastric region, 5. 
 
 Hypogoslrique. 
 
 Unterdriickung, suppressio, Suppression. 
 UntereAugenliedschlagader,arteriapalpe- 
 
 bralis inferior, s. Palpibral. 
 Untere Muschel, concha inferior,s. Cornet. 
 Unterer gerader Augenmuskel, Rectus 
 
 inferior oculi, s. Droit. 
 Untergetaucht, submersus, Submergd. 
 Untergratenmuskel, Infraspinatus, Sous- 
 
 Epineux. 
 
 Unterhautzellgewebe, subcutaneous cel- 
 lular tissue, s. Sous-Cutcme. 
 Unterkehle, buccula, Buccule. 
 Unterkiefer, maxilla inferior, s. Machoire, 
 
 et Maxillaire. 
 Unterkieferast, ramus maxillae inferioris, 
 
 s. Angle, et Branche. 
 
 Unterkieferknoten, submaxillary gangli- 
 on, s. Sous-Maxillaire. 
 Unterkieferspeicheldriise, gland, 
 Unterkinnlade, s. Unterkiefer. 
 Unterkinnschlagader, arteria submenta- 
 
 lis, s. Submental. 
 
 Unterlassen, intermissio, Intermission. 
 Unterleib, s. Unterbauch. 
 Unterleibverstopfung, constipation of the 
 
 belly, Ischocoilie. 
 
 Unterlippe, labium inferius, s. Levre. 
 Unterphosphorige Saure, hypophosphor- 
 
 ous acid, s. Hypophosphite. 
 Unterphosphorigsaure Salze, hypophos- 
 
 phites, 
 Untersalpetrige Saure, hyponitrous acid 
 
 s. Hyponitrite. 
 
 Untersalpetrigsaure Salze, hyponitrites, 
 Unterscheiden, distinct, Discret. 
 Unterschenkelmuskeln, musculi tibiales, 
 
 x. Jambier. 
 Unterschliisselbeinblutader, subclavian 
 
 vein, s. Sous-Clavier. 
 
 Unterschlusselbeinmuskel, Subclavius, 
 Unterschliisselbeinpulsader,subclavian ar- 
 tery,
 
 UNV 
 
 Unterschulterblattmuskel, Subscapularis, 
 
 s. Sous-Scapulalre. 
 Unterschwefelige Siiure, hyposulphurous 
 
 acid, s. Hyposulfile. 
 Unterschwefelsaure, hypo-sulphuric acid, 
 
 *. Hyposulfate, et Sulfurique. 
 Unterschwefelsaure Salze, hyposulphates, 
 
 s. Hyposulfate. 
 
 Untersuchung, dociraasia, Docimasie. 
 Untersuchung, exploratio, Exploration. 
 Untersuchung des Unterleibes, exploratio 
 
 abdominis, Abdominoscopie. 
 Untersuchungslehre, s. Dokimasologie. 
 Untertauchen, immersio, Immersion. 
 Unterzungenschlagader, arteria sublingu- 
 
 alis, s. Sublingual. 
 
 Unterzungenspeicheldriise, glandula , 
 Ununterbrochen, continuus, Continu. 
 Unverbrennlich, incombustible, Incom- 
 bustible. 
 Unverbrennlichkeit, incombustibility, In- 
 
 combust! bilite. 
 
 Unverdaulich, indigestus, Indigeste. 
 Unverdaulich, indigestible, s. Apeptique. 
 Unverdaulichkeit, cruditas, Crudite. 
 Unverdaut, undigested, Apepte, Cru. 
 Unverklauerlich, irreducible, Irreductible. 
 Unverletztheit, integrity, Integrate'. 
 
 UTE 
 
 Unvermogen, impotentia, Impotence. 
 
 Unverm. zu schlucken, aphagia, Aphagie. 
 
 Unvermogend, impotens, Impotent. 
 
 Unvermogenheit, mannliche, sterilitas vi- 
 rilis, Imnuissance. 
 
 Unvernunft, aphrosyne, Aphrosyne. 
 
 Unvollkomtnene Lahmung, imperfect pa- 
 ralysis, Paresie. 
 
 Unvollstandig, incomplete, Incomplet. 
 
 Uuvorbereitet, raneous, Extemporane. 
 
 Unwagbar, imponderable, Imponderable. 
 
 Unzeitig, abortive, Abortif. 
 
 Unzeitige Geburt, abortive fcetus, 
 
 Urethra, urethra, Urethre. 
 
 Urethrotom, urethrotomus, Ure'throtome. 
 
 Urin, urina, Urine. 
 
 Urinfistel, urinary fistula, s. Urinaire. 
 
 Urinverhaltung,retentio urinae,s. Retention 
 
 Uroplanie, metastasis , Uroplanie. 
 
 Uroskopie, uroscopia, Uroscopie. 
 
 Ursache, cause, Cause. 
 
 Urspriingliches Leiden, protopathia, Pro- 
 topathie. 
 
 UrstofF, element, Element. 
 
 Urtication, urticatio, Urtication. 
 
 Urwurgung, s. Erstickung. 
 
 Uterusinfarct, metremphraxis, Me*trem- 
 phraxie. 
 
 V. 
 
 VER 
 
 Vaccination, vaccinatio, Vaccination. 
 Valeriane, Valeriana, Vale'riane. 
 Varikos, varicose, Variqueux. 
 Varikose Blutader, varicose vein, 
 Varikoses Aneurysma, varicose aneurism, 
 
 s. Anevrysme. 
 
 Varolische Briicke, s. Briicke. 
 Vegetabilisch, vegetable, Vege'tal. 
 Vegetation, vegetatio, Vege'tation. 
 Veilchen, Viola, Violette. 
 Veilchen, dreyfarbiges, s. Acker viole. 
 Veilchen-Familie, Violaceae, Violac^es. 
 Veilchen, wohlriechendes, s. Marzviole. 
 Veilchensaft, Syrupus de Violis.s. Violette. 
 Veitztanz, chorea Sancti Viti, s. Danse. 
 Vene, Venen, pi., vein, Veine. 
 Venenbruch, varix, Varice. 
 Venensystem, venous system, 
 Venerisch, venereal, V^nerien. 
 Venos, venous, Veineux. 
 Venoses Blut, venous blood, 
 Venusberg, mons Veneris, Penil. 
 Venusbliitchen, corona Ven., s. Couronne. 
 Venushaar, A.capillus-veneris, s. Adiante. 
 Veranderung, alteratio, Alteration. 
 Veranderung, conversio, Conversion. 
 Verbesserung, diorthrosis, Diorthrose. 
 Verbindung, combination, Combinaison. 
 Verbindung, deligatio, De'ligation. 
 Verborgen, latent, Cache, Latent. 
 Verbrennend, comburetis, Comburant. 
 Verbrennlich, combustible, Combustible, 
 643 
 
 VER 
 
 Verbrennlichkeit, combustibility,Combus- 
 
 tibilite'. 
 
 Verbrennung, adustio, Adustion. 
 Verbrennung, ambustio, Brulure. 
 Verbrennung, combustio, Combustion. 
 Verbrennung, ustio, Ustlon. 
 Verbunden, conjunctus, Conjoint. 
 Verdauung, coctio, Coction. 
 Verdauung, digestio, Digestion. 
 Verdauungsschwache,dyspepsiaDyspepsie 
 Verdeckt, obtectus, Couvert. 
 Verderben, alterare, Alte'rer. 
 Verderben, depravatio, Depravation. 
 Verderblich, deleterious, De'letere. 
 Verderblich, pernicious, Pernicieux. 
 Verderbtheit, s. Verderben. 
 Verdickt, concretus, Concrete. 
 Verdickung, condensatio, Condensation. 
 Verdorben, depravatus, Altere. 
 Verdorbenheit, corruptio, Corruption. 
 Verdrehung, contorsio, Contorsion. 
 Verdrehung, distorsio, Distorsion. , 
 Verdunkelung des Gesichts, obscuratio 
 
 visus, s. Obscurcissement. 
 Verdiinnen, diluere, Couper. 
 Verdiinnend, attenuans, Attenuant. 
 Verdiinnend, diluens, De'layant. 
 Verdiinnung. attenuatio, Attenuation. 
 Verdiinnungsmittel, remedia diluentia, s. 
 
 Dclayant. 
 
 Vereinigt, conjunctus, Conjoint. 
 Vcreinigung, anastomosis, Anastomose.
 
 VER 
 
 Vereinigungspunkt, commissure, Commis- 
 sure. 
 
 Vereiterter Theil, ecpyema, Ecpyeme. 
 
 Vereiterung, suppuration, s. Ecpyeme. 
 
 Vereiterung, ulceratio, Ulce'ration. 
 
 Verengert, contracted, Re"tre'ci. 
 
 Verengerung,contraction,Re'tre'cissement. 
 
 Verfalschen, adulterare. Adulterer. 
 
 Verfalschung, adulteratio, Adulteration. 
 
 Verfleischung, carnificatio, Carnification. 
 
 Verfleischung der Knochen, c. ossium, 
 
 Vergiften, venenare, Empoisonner. 
 
 Vergiftung,veneficium,Empoisonnement. 
 
 Vergrbsserung, augmentation, Accroisse- 
 ment. 
 
 Vergrosserungsglas, s. Mikroscop. 
 
 Verhaltung, retentio, Retention. 
 
 Verhartete Kothballen, scybala, Scybales. 
 
 Verhartung, induration, Induration. 
 
 "Verheimlichung, celatio, Gelation. 
 
 Verkalken, calcinare, Calciner. 
 
 Verkalkung, s. Calcinirung. 
 
 Verkehrt-Eif ormig, obovoid, Obovoide. 
 
 Verkehrt-eirund, oboval, Obovale. 
 
 Verkebrt-herzf6rmig,-form,Obcordiforme 
 
 Verkehrt-herzrund, obcordate, Obcorde. 
 
 Verknocherung, ossificatio, Ossification. 
 
 Verknocberung, s. Knochenbildung. 
 
 Verkriimmung, s. Kriimmung. 
 
 Verlangert, elongatus, Alonge. 
 
 Verlangertes Mark, medulla oblongata, 
 
 Verlangerung, elongatio, Alongement. 
 
 Verlangerung, same, Elongation. 
 
 Verlangerung, process, Prolongement. 
 
 "Verlarvt, personatus, Persone". 
 
 Verleimend, colleticus, Colle'tique. 
 
 Verleimende Mittel, colletica, 
 
 Verloscht, obliteratus, Oblit^re. 
 
 Vermehrung, augmentum, Auxesie. 
 
 Verminderte Harnabsonderung, diminish- 
 ed secretion of urine, Oligoure"sie. 
 
 Vermindertes oder mangelndes Gefuhl, 
 impaired sensibility, Stupeur. 
 
 Verminderung, endosis, Endose. 
 
 Verminderung, remissio, Re'mission. 
 
 Vermischt, mixtus, Mixte. 
 
 Vermischung, compositio, Composition. 
 
 Vermischung, chemische oder pharmaceu- 
 tische, chemical or pharmaceutical , 
 
 Vermogen, faculty, Faculte. 
 
 Vermuth, Artemisia, Armoise. 
 
 Vernarben, to cicatrize, Cicatriser. 
 
 Vernarbend, epuloticus, Epulotique. 
 
 Vernarbende Mittel, epulotica, 
 
 Vernarbung, cicatrization, Cicatrisation. 
 
 Vernichten, to obliterate, Oblile'rer. 
 
 Vernichtet, obliterated, Oblitere. 
 
 Vernichtung, extinction, An^antissement. 
 
 Vernichtung, obliteration, Obliteration. 
 
 Verpfl astern d, emplastic, Emplastique. 
 
 Verpuffung, detonatio, Detonation. 
 
 Verquicken, amalgamatio, Amalgamation. 
 
 Verrenkung, contorsio, Contorsion. 
 
 Verrenkung, distorsio, Entorse. 
 
 Verrenkung, luxatio, Luxation. 
 
 644 
 
 VIE 
 
 Verrichtung, applicatio, Application. 
 
 Verrichtung, operatio, Operation. 
 
 Verringerung, collapsus, AfFaissement. 
 
 Verriickung, displacement, Deplacement. 
 
 Verriickung des Verstandes, s. Wahnsinn. 
 
 Verschiedenartig, s. Heterogen. 
 
 Verschiedenblattrig, heterophyllus, He"te- 
 rophylle. 
 
 Verschliessung, obturatio, Obturation. " 
 
 Verschliess. der Pupille, obt. pupillae, 
 
 Verschliessung, occlusio, Occlusion. 
 
 Verschlucken, deglutitio, Deglutition. 
 
 Verschmalert, *. Verengert. 
 
 Verschneiden, castrare, Chatrer. 
 
 Verschneider, castrator, Chatreur. 
 
 Verschneidung, castratio, Castration. 
 
 Verschonerungskunst, *. Kosmetik. 
 
 Verschwarung, s. Vereiterung. 
 
 Versetzung, s. Umsetzung. 
 
 Versetzung, transpositio, Transposition. 
 
 Verstand, intellect, Intellect. 
 
 Verstandeskrafte, intellectual faculties, 
 
 Verstandeslosigkeit, loss of , Anoie. 
 
 Verstandesschwache, weakness of , 
 
 Verstandig, intellectual, Intellectuel. 
 
 Verstarkter Durst, polydipsia, Polydipsie. 
 
 Verstarkung, exaltatio, Exaltation. 
 
 Verstauchung, distorsion, s. Distortion. 
 
 Verstauchung, subluxation, Subluxation. 
 
 Versteinerte Pflanzensamen, fossil seeds 
 of plants, s. Spermolithe. 
 
 Verstopfung, constipatio, Constipation. 
 
 Verstopfung, obstructio, Obstruction. 
 
 Verstopfungband, ligamentum obturato- 
 rium, s. Ligament, et Obturateur. 
 
 Verstiimmelt, mutilatus, Mutile. 
 
 Verstummelung, mutilatio, Mutilation. 
 
 Versuch, experiment, Experiment. 
 
 Versuchmacher, alist, Experimentateur. 
 
 Versiissung, edulcoratio, Edulcoration. 
 
 Verunstaltung, deformatio, Deformation. 
 
 Verwachsen, connatus, Conne. 
 
 Verwachsung, adhesion, Adherence. 
 
 Verwandlung, conversio, Conversion. 
 
 Verwandtschaft, affinity, Affinite. 
 
 Verzerrung, diastrophe, Diastrophie. 
 
 Verziehung der Gesichtsmuskeln, contor- 
 tion of the facial muscles, 
 
 Verzuckung, convulsio, Convulsion. 
 
 Vidianischer Kanal, vidian canal,s. Vidien. 
 
 Vieh, brute, Brute. 
 
 Vieharzneikunst, veterinary medicine, s. 
 
 Vieharzt, veterinarian, Veterinaire. 
 
 Viehisch, brute, Brut. 
 
 Vielblattrig, polyphyllus, Polyphylle. 
 
 Vielblumenblattrig, petalus, Polype"tale. 
 
 Vielblumig, multiBorus, MultiHore. 
 
 Vielbliithig, same, Multiflore. 
 
 Vielbliithig, polyanthus, Polyanthe. 
 
 Vieleckig, multangular, Multangulaire. 
 
 Vieleckiges, grosses, Bein, trapezium, s. 
 Carpe. 
 
 Vieleckiges, kleines, , trapezoides, 
 
 Vielfachrig, multilocular, Multiloculaire. 
 
 Vielformig, polymorphous, Polymorphe.
 
 VIP 
 
 Vielgelenkig, many-jointed, Multarticule. 
 
 Vielgestaltig, s. Vielformig. 
 
 Vielgezahnt, many-toothed, Multidente". 
 
 Vielklappig, multivalve, Multivalve. 
 
 Vielkophg, polycephalous, Polyce'phale. 
 
 Vielmannige Bluthen, flores polyandri, s. 
 Polyandrie. 
 
 Vielniitzend, polychrestus, Polychreste. 
 
 Vielsaamig, many-seeded, Polysperme. 
 
 Vielspaltener Ruckgratsmuskel, Multifi- 
 dus spinae, s. Transversaire. 
 
 Vielspaltig, many-cleft, Multifide. 
 
 Vielspelzig, s. Vielklappig. 
 
 Vielstenglich, multicaulis, Multicaule. 
 
 Vieltheilig, multipartite, Multipart!. 
 
 Vielweiberei, Polygynia, Polygynie. 
 
 Vielwieberig, polygamous, Poly game. 
 
 Vielweibig, polygynus, Polygyne. 
 
 Vielwurzelig, many-rooted, Polyrrhize. 
 
 Vielzeilige Sommergerste, Hordeum vul- 
 gare, s. Orge. 
 
 Vielzeilige Wintergerste,H.hexastichon 
 
 Vierblattrig, quadrifolius, Quadrifolie. 
 
 Vierblattrig, tetraphyllus, Tetraphylle. 
 
 Vierblumenblattrig, .petalus, Tetrape'tale. 
 
 Vierbliithig, quadriflorus, Quadriflore. 
 
 Viereckig, quadratus, Carre. 
 
 Viereckig, rangularis, Quadrangulaire. 
 
 Viereckiger Lendenmuskel, Quadratus 
 lumborum, s. Carre. 
 
 Viereckiger Schenkelmuskel, femoris, 
 
 Viereckiger Vorwartsbeuger, Pronator ra- 
 dii quadratus, 
 
 Viereckiges Bein, os quadratum, 
 
 Vierfacherig, -rilocularis, Quadriloculaire. 
 
 Vierfingerig, tetradactylus, Tetradactyle. 
 
 Vierfliigelt, tetrapterus, Tetraptere. 
 
 Vierfiissig, quadrupes, Quadrupede. 
 
 Vierfiissige Thiere, s. Quadrupeden. 
 
 Vierhugel, tubercula quadrigemina, s. 
 Quadrijumeaux. 
 
 Vierkantig, s. Viereckig. 
 
 Vierkelchblattrig, tetrasepalous, Tetra- 
 phylle. 
 
 Vierklappig, quadrivalvis, Quadrivalve. 
 
 Vierlappig, quadrilobatus, Quadrilobe. 
 
 Viermachtige Bliithen, flores tetradyna- 
 mi, s. Tetradynamie. 
 
 Viermannig, tetrandrous, Tetrandre. 
 
 Viermannige Bliithen, flores tetrandri, . 
 
 Vierpaarig, quadrijugus, Quadrijugue'. 
 
 Viersaamig, tetraspermus, Tetrasperme. 
 
 Vierseitig, tetragonus, Tetragone. 
 
 Vierspaltig, quadrifidus, Quadrifide. 
 
 Viertagig, quartan, Quarte. 
 
 Viertagiges Fieber, febris quartana, 
 
 Viertheilig, quadripartitus, Quadripartite. 
 
 Vierte Hirnhohle, 4th cerebral ventricle. 
 
 Viertes Paar der Cervicalnerven, fourth 
 pair of cervical nerves, s. Trachelo-Dia- 
 phragmatique. 
 
 Violensyrup, s. Veilchensaft. 
 
 Viper, Viper, Vipere. 
 
 Viper, gem. od. Europaische. V. comm., 
 
 Viperwurz, P. bistorta, s. Renouie. 
 
 645 
 
 VOll 
 
 Virginische Schlangen- oder Vipernwur- 
 zel, A. serpentaria, s. Serpentaire. 
 
 Vitriol, blauer, griiner, weisser,blue, green, 
 white vitriol, s. Vitriol. 
 
 Vitriolisch, vitriolic, Vitriolique. 
 
 Vogel, avis, Oiseau. 
 
 Vb'gel, Aves, Oiseaux. 
 
 Vogelbeerbaum, S. aucuparia, s. Sorbier. 
 
 Vogelbeersaure, sorbic acid, s. Sorbiquc. 
 
 Vogelknbterich, P. aviculare,s. Renouie. 
 
 Vogelkunde, ornithology, Ornithologie. 
 
 Vogellehre, same, 
 
 Vogelschnabelig, ornithorhynchus, Orni- 
 thorhynque. 
 
 Vogelspinne, M. avicularis, s. Mggale. 
 
 Vogelwegetritt, s. Vogelknoterisch. 
 
 Volkskrankheit, s. Epidemic. 
 
 Volkskrankheit, allgemeine, morbus pan- 
 demicus, s. Pandemie. 
 
 Vollbliitig, plethoric, Pldthorique. 
 
 Vollblutigkeit, plethora, Plethore. 
 
 Vollsaftigkeit, polychylia, Polychylie. 
 
 Vomiren, vomitus, Vomissement. 
 
 Vorbauung, prophylaxis, Prophylaxie. 
 
 Vorbereitende Ursachen, predisponent 
 causes, s. Procatarctique. 
 
 Vorbeugende Mittel, prophylactics, s.Pro- 
 phylaxie. 
 
 Vorderarm, fore-arm, Avant-Bras. 
 
 Vorderer grosser gerader Kopfmuskel,Rec- 
 tus capitis anticus major, s. Droit. 
 
 Vorderer kleiner, Rectus minor, 
 
 Vorderer Ohrknorpel, tragus, Tragus. 
 
 Vorderer Rippenhalter, Scalenus anticus, 
 s. Scalene. 
 
 Vorderkopf, sinciput, Sinciput. 
 
 Vorderleib, corslet, Corselet. 
 
 Vorderriicken, regio interscapularis, s. In- 
 ter scapulaire. 
 
 Vordoppelung, duplicatura, Duplicature. 
 
 Vorfall, prolapsus, Prolapsus. 
 
 Vorfallen, proptosis, Proptose. 
 
 Vorhaut, prseputium, Pre'puce. 
 
 Vorhautentziindung, posthitis, Posthite. 
 
 Vorhautgeschwullst, tumor praeputii, Pos- 
 thoncie. 
 
 Vorhersagung des Ausgangs einer Krank- 
 heit, prognosis morbi, s. Prognostic. 
 
 Vorhof, s. Vorkammer. 
 
 Vorhof, linker, left auricle, s. Oreillette. 
 
 Vorhof, rechter, s. Rechter. 
 
 Vorhof, vestibulum, Vestibule. 
 
 Vorhofstreppe, scala vestibuli, s. Rampe. 
 
 Vorkammer, auricle, Oreillette. 
 
 Vorkrampf, t. anticus, s. Tetanos. 
 
 Vorlaufig, precursory, Precurseur. 
 
 Vorsteherdriise, prostate gland, Prostate. 
 
 Vorsteherdriisenentzundung, inflamma- 
 tion of prostate gland, Prostatite. 
 
 Vorsteherdriisengeschwullst, tumefaction 
 of , Prostatoncie. 
 
 Vorsteherdriisenschmerz, pain in _ _ 
 (prostatalgia), Prostatalgie. 
 
 Vorwartsdreher, pronator, Pronateur. 
 
 Vorwartsdrehung, pronatio, Pronation.
 
 w. 
 
 WAN 
 
 Wabenartig, favosus, Faveux. 
 Wachholderbaum, Juniperus, GeneVrier. 
 Wachholderbeere, bacca Juniperi, 
 Wachholdergeist, Spiritus Juniperi, 
 Wachholderol, Oleum de baccis , 
 Wacbholdersaft, oder -muss, Succus inspis- 
 
 satus, vel Rob, Juniperi, 
 Wachholderwasser, Aqua Juniperi, 
 Wachs, cera, Cire. 
 Wachsbaum, Myrica, s. Gale. 
 Wachshaut, cere, Cire. 
 Wachssalbe, cerate, Ce'rat. 
 Wachsstock, wax-taper, s. Bougie. 
 Wachsthum, growth, Croissance. 
 Wachtel, Coturnix vulgaris, s. Cattle. 
 Wadenbein, fibula, Perond. 
 Wadenbeinmuskel, dritter, Peroneus ter- 
 
 tius, s. Peronier. 
 
 Wadenbeinmuskel kurzer, P. brevis, 
 Wadenbeinmuskel, langer, P. longus, 
 Wadenbeinnerv, tiefer, nervus peroneus 
 
 profundus, ( tibialis anticus), 
 Wadenbeinschlagader, arteria peronea, 
 Wadenmuskel, ausserer zweikbpfiger,Gas- 
 
 trocnemius externus, s. Jume.au. 
 Wadenmuskel, grosser, s. Sohlenmuskel. 
 Waffenlos, Wehrlos, inermis, Inerme. 
 Wage, Wagschale, balance, Balance. 
 Wahlig, elective, Electif. 
 Wahnsinn,madness,Alienation,Aphrosyne. 
 Wahnsinn, delirium, Delire. 
 Wahnsinnig, maniacal, Delirant, Maniacal . 
 Wahnsinnige, maniac, Maniaque. 
 Wahrer Kopfgrind, s. K. bosartiger. 
 Walcher Hahn, M. gallopavo, Dindon. 
 Waldanemone, A.nemorosa, s. Anemone. 
 Waldlerche, Alauda arborea, s. Alouette. 
 Waldrebe, Clematis, Clematite. 
 Waldr., gem. od. steigende, C. vitalba, 
 Waldschnepfe, S. rusticola, s. Becasse. 
 Wallerfisch, Wels, S. glanis, s. Silure. 
 Wallfisch, Balaena, BaTeine. 
 Wallfisch mit einer Riickenflosse, Balaena 
 
 with dorsal fin, Baleinoptere. 
 Wallnuss, walnut, s. 
 Wallnussbaum, Juglans, Noyer. 
 Wallrath, spermaceti, Spermaceti. 
 Wallrathfett, cetine, Celine. 
 Wallrathfisch, Physeter, *. Spermaceti. 
 Walze, cylinder, s. Cylindrique, 
 Walzenformig, s. Kylinderformig. 
 Walzig, cylindrical, Cylindrique. 
 Wamme, palear, Fanon. 
 Wand, Wande, pi., paries, parietes, ParoL 
 Wandernd, nomadic, Nomade. 
 Wandhaut, endocarpium, Endocarpe. 
 Wange, Wangen, pi., mala, *. Malaire. 
 Wangenbein, os make, 
 Wangenfortsatz des Oberkiefers, process- 
 
 us jugalis ossis maxillae superioria, 
 
 646 
 
 WAS 
 
 Wangenfortsatz des Schlafenbeins, proc. 
 jugalis ossis temporis, s. Malaire. 
 
 Wanken, nutatio, Nutation. 
 
 Wanst, rumen, Panse. 
 
 Wanze, Cimex, Punaise. 
 
 Warme, heat, Chaleur. 
 
 Warmematerie, -stotf, caloric, Calorique. 
 
 Warmemesser, calorimeter, Calorimetre. 
 
 Warmemesserkunst,-metry,Calorimetrie. 
 
 Warze, Warzen, pi., wart, Verrue. 
 
 Warzenbeinloch, f. mastoid., s. Mastdidien. 
 
 Warzenformig, papillary, Papillaire. 
 
 Warzenschlange,Acrochordus,Acrochorde 
 
 Warzentheil.mastoid portion^. JWasfcm/ie'n. 
 
 Warzig, papillated, Papilld. 
 
 Wasser, VVasser, pi., water, Eau, Eaux. 
 
 Wasser des Herzbeutels, aqua pericardii, . 
 
 Wasserauge, thalmia, Hydrophthalmie. 
 
 Wasserbad, water-bath, s. Diplome. 
 
 Wasserblase, s. Hydatide. 
 
 Wasserblasenbruch, -ocele, Hydatidocele. 
 
 Wasserblei, molybdanum, Molybdene. 
 
 Wasscrbleisaure, molybdic acid, 
 
 Wasserbruch, hydrocele, Hydrocele. 
 
 Wasserdarmbruch, cele,Hydrenterocele. 
 
 Wasserfader, Conferva, Conferve. 
 
 Wasserfenchel, CEnanthe phellandrium, s. 
 Phellandre. 
 
 Wassergeschwullst, oedema, (Edeme. 
 
 Wasser-, s. Schleimgeschwullst. 
 
 Wassergeschwullst der Augenlieder, oede- 
 ma palpebrarum, s. (Edeme. 
 
 Wassergeschwullst der Stimmritze, cede- 
 jna glottidis, 
 
 Wasserig, aqueous, Aqueux. 
 
 Wasserig, serous, Sereux. 
 
 Wasserig, watery, Hydatoide. 
 
 Wasserige Feuchtigkeit, aqueous humour, 
 a. Aqueux, et Humeur. 
 
 Wasserige Tinktur, tmcture,s.Teinture. 
 
 Wasseriger Aufguss, infus., s. Infusion. 
 
 Wasseriges Aloeextract, Extractuin Aloes 
 aquosum, s. Aqueux. 
 
 Wasserkopf, hydren-, hydrocephalus, s. 
 
 Wasserkopf, ausserer, hydrocephalus ex- 
 ternus, s. Hydrocephale. 
 
 Wasserkopf, innerer, internus, 
 
 Wasserkopfig, hydrocephalous, 
 
 Wasserkraftlehre, hydrodynamics, Hydro- 
 dynamique. 
 
 Wasserkrampfaderbruch, hydrocirsocele, 
 Hydrocirsocele. 
 
 Wasserlauch, T. scordium, Scordium. 
 
 Wasserleitung, aquaeductus, Aqueduc. 
 
 Wasserleitung der Schnecke, aquaeductus 
 cochleae, s. Limace. 
 
 Wasserleitung Sylvische, aquaeductus Syl- 
 vii, s. Aqueduc. 
 
 Wassermelone, C. citrullus, s. Courge. 
 
 Wasserleitungkunst, s. Hydraulik.
 
 WEI 
 
 Wassermesser, s. Hydrometer. 
 Wassernetznabelbruch, hydrepiplompha- 
 
 lus, Hydro-Epiplomphale. 
 Wasserpfeffer, P. hydropiper, s . R en ouee. 
 Wasserpflanzen, water-plants, s. Hydro- 
 
 phytologie. 
 Wasserpocken, oder Windpocken, varicel- 
 
 lae aquaticae, s. Varicette. 
 Wasserrohre, siphon, Siphon. 
 Wasserscheu, hydrophobia, Hydrophobie. 
 Wasserschierling, Cicuta, Cicutaire. 
 Wasserschierling, s. Pferdefenchel. 
 Wasserschlauch, Utricularia, Utriculaire. 
 Wasserschwerdtlilie, Iris pseudacorus, A- 
 
 core-Faux, s., also, Iris. 
 Wasserstandlehre, s. Hydrostatik. 
 Wasserstoffj -stoffgas, gen, Hydrogne. 
 Wasserstoff'saure,hydracidum,Hydracide. 
 Wassersucht, dropsy, Hydropisie. 
 Wassersikhtig, dropsical, Hydropique. 
 Wassertreibend,hydragogus,Hydragogue. 
 Wassertreibende Arzneien, hydragoga, 
 Wassertrinken, hydroposia, Hydroposie. 
 Wassertrinker, hydropota, Hydropote. 
 Wasserwindbruch,hydrophysocele,Hydro- 
 
 physocele. 
 Wechselfieber, intermittent fever, Dialei- 
 
 pyre, s., also, Intermittent. 
 Wechselkampf, s. Antagonismus. 
 Wedel, s. Facher. 
 Wedel, frond, Fronde. 
 Wedelformig, s. Facherformig. 
 Weg, passage, way, Voie. 
 Wege, die ersten, primes viae, 
 Wegbreitgewachse, Plantagineae, Planta- 
 
 gine'es. 
 
 Weg-Schnecke, Limax, Limace. 
 Weg-Schnecke, schwarze, L. ater, . 
 Wegerich, Plantago, Plantain. 
 Wegerich, grosse, P. major, 
 Wegerich, spitzige, P. lanceolata, 
 Wegmesser, odometer, Odometre. 
 Wegnahme, aphseresis, Apherese. 
 Wegnehmung, ablatio, Ablation. 
 Wegschneiden, abscission, Apocope. 
 Wegschneidung, resectio, Resection. 
 Wenmutter, obstetrix, Accoucheuse. 
 Wehrlos, muticus, Mutique. 
 Weib, woman, Femme. 
 Weibchen, female, Femelle. 
 Weiblich, female, Femelle. 
 Weibliche Bliithen, female flowers, 
 Weibliches Glied, s. Klitoris. 
 Weichgratig, Weichstrablig, malacoptery- 
 
 gius, Malacopterygien. 
 Weichselkopf, plica, Plique. 
 Weichthier, molluscum, Mollusque. 
 Weichthiere, Mollusca, Mollusques. 
 Weichthiere, Malacozoa, Malacozoaires. 
 Weide, Weidenbaum, Salix, Saule. 
 Weihrauch, olibanum, Oliban. 
 Wein, wine, Vin. 
 
 Weinfarbig, -roth, wine-coloured, Vineux. 
 Weingeist, Spiritus vini, Alcool. 
 Weinhefen, wine-lees, Lie de Vin. 
 
 WIE 
 
 Weinig, vinous, Vineux. 
 Weinige Tinktur, vinous Tincture, 
 Weinmeth, oenomel, (Enomel. 
 Weinmilch, oenogala, (Enogale. 
 Weinol, oenelaeum, CEnelseum. 
 Weinsaure, tartaric acid, s. Tartrate. 
 Weinsaure Salze, tartrates, Tartrates. 
 Weinstein, tartar, Tartre. 
 Weinsteinsaure, s. Weinsaure. 
 Weinsteinsaures Kali, Tartras potassse, *. 
 
 Tartrate. 
 Weinsteinsaures, saures, Kali, Supertar- 
 
 tras potassae, - 
 
 Weinstock, Vitis vinifera, s. Vigne. 
 Weintraube, uva, Raisin. 
 Weisheitzahn, dens sapientiae, s. Dent. 
 Weisheitzahne, denies , s. Crantere. 
 Weiss, white, Blanc. 
 Weissandornextract, Extractum Marru- 
 
 bii, s. Marrube. 
 
 Weisse Lilie, Liliuni candidum, s. Lis. 
 Weisse Quecksilbersalbe, white precipi- 
 tate ointment, s. Mercure. 
 Weisse Schenkelgeschwullst der W5ch- 
 
 nerinnen, phlegmasia alba puerperarum, 
 
 s. Phlegmatic. 
 
 Weisse Stickwurz, s. Weisse Zaunriibe. 
 Weisse Weide, Salix alba, s. Saule. 
 Weisse Zaunriibe, B. dioica, s. Bryone. 
 Weissen, dealbatio, Ddalbation. 
 Weisser Fluss, leucorrhcea, Leucorrh^e. 
 WeisserHornhautfleck,leucoma,Leucome 
 Weisser Sauerklee, O. acetosella, Alleluia. 
 Weisser Steinbrech, Saxifraga granulata, 
 
 s. Saxifraga. 
 Weisses Spiessglansoxyd, Oxidum Stibii 
 
 album, 5. Antimoine. 
 
 Weisses Zinkoxyd, oxidum zinci, s. Fleur. 
 Weissgold, platina, Platine. 
 Weisskopfig,leucocephalus,Leucocephale. 
 Weisslich, albuginous, Albugineux. 
 Weissstoff, albumen, Albumine. 
 Weizen, Triticum, Froment. 
 Wellenblattrig, wave-leaved, Ondulifolie'. 
 Wei lend, undulating, Ondulant. 
 Wellenformige Bewegung, motion, _ 
 Wellenrandig, Wellig, undulated, Ondule 1 . 
 Wellenschlagen, undulation, Ondulation. 
 Weltmeer, ocean, Ocean. 
 Wenigblattrig, paucifolius, Paucifolie'. 
 Wenigblumig, paucitlorus, Pauciflore. 
 Wenigbliithig, same, 
 Werkzeug, instrument, Instrument. 
 Wesentlich, essential, Essentiel. 
 Wespe, Vespa vulgaris, Guepe. 
 Wespennest, vesparum caverna, Guepier. 
 Wetterglas, s. Barometer. 
 Wichtelzopf, s. Weichselzopf. 
 Wickelranke, capreolus, Cirrhe. 
 Widerstreber, antagonist, Antagoniste. 
 Widerwille, s. Antipathic. 
 Widerwille, sicchasia, Sicchasie. 
 Wiederherstellung, reductio, Reduction. 
 Wiederherstellu ng, oratio, R estauration . 
 Wiederkauen, ruminatio, Rumination.
 
 WOL 
 
 Wiederkauend, ruminans, Ruminant. 
 
 Wiederkauende Thiere, Ruminantia, 
 
 AViederklang, resonance, Resonance. 
 
 Wiederwachsen,regeneratio,Re'ge'neration 
 
 Wiederzunehmen, analepsis, Analepsie. 
 
 Wieke, tent, Bourdonnet, Tente. 
 
 "Wild, wild, Agreste. 
 
 Wilde Gurke, *. Eselskiirbiss. 
 
 Wilde Kresse, L. ruderale, s. Passerage. 
 
 Willischer Beynerv, nervus accessorius 
 Willisii, s. Accessoire. 
 
 Wilde Valeriane, s. Baldrian. 
 
 Wimperhaar, cilium, Oil. 
 
 Wind, wind, Vent. 
 
 Windblume, Anemone, Anemone. 
 
 Windblume weisse, s. Waldanemone. 
 
 Winddorn, spina ventosa, Arthrocace. 
 
 Windgeschwullst, *. Emphysem. 
 
 Windgeschwullst, physoncus, Physoncie. 
 
 Windig, flatulent, Flatueux. 
 
 Windig, windy, Venteux. 
 
 Windkolik, pb'ysospasmus, Physospasme. 
 
 Windkraut, s. Osterblume. 
 
 Windmesser, anemometer, Ane'mometre. 
 
 Windpocken, s. Wasserpocken. 
 
 Windzeiger, anemoscope, Ane'moscope. 
 
 Winkel, angle, Angle. 
 
 Winkel des Unterkiefers, angulus maxillae 
 inferioris, 
 
 Winkelig, angular, Angulaire. 
 
 Winkelige Fortsatze des Stirnbeins, pro- 
 cessus angulares ossis frontis, 
 
 Winkelmesser, goniometer, Goniometre. 
 Winter, winter, Hiver. 
 Winterhaus, hybernacle, Hibernacle. 
 Winterschlaf, hibernation, Hibernation. 
 Wirbel, Wirbelbein, vertebra, Vertebre. 
 Wirbelentziindung, litis, Vetre'bralite. 
 Wirbelkraut, Astragalus, Astragale. 
 Wirbellos, invertebratus, Invertebre. 
 Wirbellose Thiere, Invertebrata, 
 Wirbelsaule, vertebral column,s. Vertebral. 
 Wirbelschlagader, arteria vertebralis, 
 Wirbelschmerz,spondylalgia,Spondylalgie 
 Wirbelthier,vertebrated animals. Vertebrt 
 Wirbel thiere, Vertebrata, Vertebras. 
 Wirksam, energetic, Energique. 
 Wirksamkeit, activity, Activitd 
 Wirkung, action, Action. 
 Wirkung, *. Verrichtung. 
 Wismuth, *. Bismuth. 
 Wismuthmagisterium, magist. bismuthi, 
 Witling, Merlangus vulgaris, s. Merlan. 
 Wochnerinn, puerpera, Accouche*. 
 Wohlgenahrtheit, eutrophia, Eutrophie. 
 Wohlklang, euphonia, Euphonic. 
 Wohlriechend, odoriferus, Odorifere. 
 Wohlriechendes Veilchen, Viola odorata, 
 
 s. Violette. 
 
 Wohnbar, habitable, Habitable. 
 Wohnung, habitation, Habitation. 
 Wolfskirsche,Atropa, Belladonne. 
 Wolfskirsche, gemeine, A. belladonna, 
 Wolfsmilch, breitblattrige, Euphorbia la- 
 thyris, Epurge. 
 648 
 
 WUT 
 
 Wolke, cloud, Nuage. 
 Wolkig, cloudy, Nuageux. 
 Woll, wool, Laine. 
 Wolletragend, laniferus, Lanifere. 
 Wollig, Woolig, woolly, Lanieux. 
 Wolverlei, Arnica, Arnique. 
 Wolverleiblumen, flores Arnicas, 
 Wolverlei-Extract, Extractum , 
 Wolverleiwurzel, radix Arnicae, 
 Wdrterbuch, lexicon, s. Lexicographe. 
 Worterbuchschreiber, lexicographus, 
 Wulst, Wullst, volva, Volve. 
 Wundarzneikunde, surgery, Chirurgie. 
 Wundarzneikunst, same, 
 Wundarzneilich, surgical, Chirurgical. 
 Wundarzt, surgeon, Chirurgien. 
 Wunde, wound, Blessure, Plaie; 
 Wundenheilende Arzneien, remedia trau- 
 
 matica, s. Traumatique. 
 Wunderbaum, R. communis, s. Ricin. 
 Wundfaser, s. Compresse. 
 Wundreinigungsmittel, remedia detergen- 
 
 tia, s. Detergent. 
 Wundwasser, ichor, Ichor. 
 Wiirfelbein, os cuboides, s. Cubdide. 
 Wiirfelformig, cuboides, Cuboide. 
 Wurm, vermis, Ver. 
 Wurmahnlich,helminthoid,Helminthoide. 
 Wurmartig, same, 
 Wiirmchen, helminthion, s. Helminthe. 
 Wiirmer, Vermes, Helminthes, Vers. 
 Wurmertreibend, vermifugus, Vermifuge. 
 Wurmfieber, opyra, Helminthopyre. 
 Wurmformig, vermiformis, Vermiforme. 
 Wurmformige Fortsatze des kleinen Ge- 
 
 hirns,processus vermiformes cerebelli, 
 Wurmformiger Fortsatz des blinden 
 
 Darms, pr. formis cceci, s. Appendice. 
 Wurmkrankheit, thiasis, Helminthiase. 
 Wurmlehre, thology, Helminthologie. 
 Wurmmittel, helminthagoga, Helmintha- 
 
 gogues, s., also, Anthelmintique. 
 Wurmsamen,semen-contra,Semen-Contra. 
 Wurmwidrige Mittel, remedia anthelmin- 
 
 tica, Anthelmintiques. 
 Wursthautchen, allantois, Allantoide. 
 Wiirze, condiment, Condiment. 
 Wurzel, Wurzeln, pi., root, Racine. 
 Wurzelartig, radicalis, Radical. 
 Wurzelblatt, radical leaf, 
 Wurzelchen, radicle, Radicule. 
 Wiirzelchenscheide, rhiza, Coleorrhize. 
 Wurzelfasern, fibrillae, *. Radicule. 
 Wurzelf ormig, radiciformis, Radiciforme. 
 Wurzelfressend, radicivorus, Radicivore. 
 Wurzelhals, collum (plantse), Collet. 
 Wurzelkeim, blastema, Blasteme. 
 Wurzelnd, radicosus, Radicant. 
 Wurzelsprosse, stolo, Stolon. 
 Wurzelsprossend,stolomferus,Stolonifere. 
 Wurzelung, radicatio, Radication. 
 Wiirzig, aromatic, Aromatique. 
 Wuterich, Cicula, Cicutaire. 
 Wuth, rage, Rage. 
 Wiithig, rabid, raging, Rabieique.
 
 z. 
 
 ZEH 
 
 Zahn, Zahne, pi., tooth, Dent. 
 Zahnarzt, dentist, Dentiste. 
 Zahnaste, dental branches, s. Dentaire. 
 Zahnausbruch, dentitio, Dentition. 
 Zahnausbruch, odontophyia, Odontophye. 
 Zahnen, odontiasis, Odontiase. 
 Zahnentziindung, odontitis, Odontite. 
 Zahnenwerk, set of teeth, Denture. 
 Zahnfachrig, alveolatus, Alveoli. 
 Zahnfleisch, gum, Gencive. 
 Zahnfleischblutfluss, -rhagia, Ulorrhagie. 
 Zahnfleischentziindung, ulitis, Ulite. 
 ZahnHeischgeschwullst, uloncus, Uloncie. 
 Zahnformig, dentiformis, Dentiforme. 
 Zahnformiger Fortsatz, odontoid process, 
 
 . Odontoide. 
 
 Zahnhohle, alveolus, Alveole, Bothrion. 
 Zahnhohlenfortsatz des Oberkiefers, proc. 
 
 alveol. maxillae superioris, s. Alveolalre. 
 Zahnhb'hlenfortsatz des Unterkiefers, pro- 
 
 cessus alveolaris maxillae inferioris, 
 Zahnklappern,dent. crep\tus,s.Claquement. 
 Zahnlade, -laden, pi., s. Zahnhohle. 
 Zahnlos, edentatus, Edente'. 
 Zahnlose Thiere, Edentata, Edentes. 
 Zahnliicke, diastema dentium, s. Diasteme. 
 Zahnmittel, odontica, Odontiques. 
 Zahnpulver,tooth-powder,Odontotrimme. 
 Zahnschmerz, tooth-ache, Odontalgie. 
 Zahnschnecke, Dentalium, Dentale. 
 Zahnschnitt, denticulus, Denticule. 
 Zahnstein, tartarus dentium, Odontolithe. 
 Zahnsteinbildung, odontolithiasis, Odont- 
 
 olithiase. 
 
 Zahnstocker, tooth-pick, Cure-Dent. 
 Zahnweh, odontalgia, Odontalgie. 
 Zahnzange, forfex dentium, Davier. 
 Zahnzange, odontagogum, Odontagogue. 
 Zange, forceps, Pinces. 
 Zapfchen, uvula, Luette. 
 Zapfchendriisen, uvular glands,*. Uvulaire. 
 Zapfchenentziindung, uvulitis, Uvulite. 
 Zapfen, conus, Cone. 
 Zapfenbeere, galbulus, Galbule. 
 Zapfenformig, iliformis, Strobiliforme. 
 Zapfenmuskel, Azygos uvulae, Palato-Sta- 
 
 phylin. 
 
 Zapfentragend, coniferus, Conifere. 
 Zaum, frenulum, Bride. 
 Zaumriibe, Bryonia, Bryone. 
 Zehe, Zehen, pi., toe, Orteil. 
 Zehenscheide,dactylotheca,Dactylotheque 
 Zehnblattrig, decaphyllus, De'caphylle. 
 Zehneckig, decagonus, D^cagone. 
 Zehnmannig, decandrous, Decandre. 
 Zehnmannigkeit, Decandria, Decandrie. 
 Zehnsamig, decaspermus, Decasperme. 
 Zehnweiberei, Decagynia, Decagynie. 
 ZehnweibigePflanzen,plantaedecagynae, 
 Zehrfieber, hectic fever, Hecticopyre. 
 
 C49 
 
 ZEU 
 
 Zehrfieber, colliquative fever, Synte'co- 
 pyre. 
 
 Zeichen, signum, Signe. 
 
 Zeichenlehre, semeiologia, Sdm^iologie. 
 
 Zeigefinger, indicator, s. Doigt. 
 
 Zeitigung, maturity, Maturitd. 
 
 Zeitlose, Colchicum, Colchique. 
 
 Zeitmesser, chronometer, Cnronometre 
 
 Zelle, Zellen, pi., cell, Cellule. 
 
 Zellgewebartig, cellular, Cellulaire. 
 
 Zellgewebe, cellular tissue, s. Cellulaire. 
 
 Zellicht, same, 
 
 Zellige Gewachse, plantas cellulosse, s. A" 
 cotyledon. 
 
 Zerbrechlich, fragilis, Fragile. 
 
 Zerbrechlichkeit, fragilitas, Fragilite. 
 
 Zerbrechlichkeit der Knochen, fragilitas 
 ossium, Oste'opsathyrose. 
 
 Zerfallen, dialysis, Dialyse. 
 
 Zerfliessbarkheit,deliquescence,De'liques- 
 cence. 
 
 Zerfliessende Salze, deliquescent salts, 
 
 Zerfliessung, deliquescence, 
 
 Zerfressen, erosion, Anabrose. 
 
 Zerfressende Mittel, diabrotica,s.Dia6ros. 
 
 Zerfressung, corrosio, Corrosion, Diabrose. 
 
 Zergliederer, anatomist, Anatomiste. 
 
 Zergliedern, to anatomize, Anatomiser. 
 
 Zergliedernd, analytic, Analytique. 
 
 Zergliederung. anatomy, Anatomic. 
 
 Zergliederung derunteren Thiere, dissec- 
 tion of the lower animals, s. Anatomic. 
 
 Zergliederungskunde, Zergliederungs- 
 kunst, science of anatomy, 
 
 Zerlegung, analysis, Analyse. 
 
 Zernagende Mittel, s. Aetzmittel. 
 
 Zerplatzen einer Vene, rupture of a vein, 
 Phle'borrhexie. 
 
 Zerquetschung, atio, Conquassation. 
 
 Zerreiblich, friable, Friable. 
 
 Zerreiblichkeit, friability, Friabilite. 
 
 Zerreibung, levigatio, L^vigation. 
 
 Zerreissen, laceratus, Lacere. 
 
 Zerreissend, lancinating, Lancinant. 
 
 Zerreissend, ruptilis, Ruptile. 
 
 Zerreissenes Loch, s. Hinteres. 
 
 Zerreissung, diaeresis, Dierese. 
 
 Zerreissung, dilaceration, Dilaceration. 
 
 Zerreissung, lancinatio, Elancement. 
 
 Zerschlitzt, laceratus, Dechire. 
 
 Zerschneiden eines Schadelknochens, fis- 
 sure of a cranial bone, Diacope'. 
 
 Zersetzt, decompositus, Decompose'. 
 
 Zersetzung, decompositio, De'composition. 
 
 Zerstossen, to triturate, Concasser. 
 
 Zerstossung, contusio, Contusion. 
 
 Zertheilung, incisio, Incision. 
 
 Zertrennung der Gef asse, rupture of ves- 
 sels, s. Dierese. 
 
 Zeugung, generatio, Generation. 
 
 SB
 
 zuc 
 
 .Zeugungsreife, pubertas, Puberte. 
 Zeugungstheile, partes generationis, s. 
 
 Genital. 
 
 .Zeugungsunfahig, impotens, Impotent. 
 -Zeugungsunfahigkeit, tia, Impuissance. 
 Zibeth, zibethum, Civette. 
 Zibethkatze, Viverra civetta, Civette. 
 Zieg-, Zugmittel, helctica, Helctiques. 
 Zimmt, cinnamomum, Cannelle. 
 .Zimmt, sinesischer, sinense, *. Cannelle. 
 Zimmtbaum, (wahre), Laurus cinnamomi, 
 
 Canellier. 
 
 Zimmtbaum, weisser, C. alba, s. Cannelle. 
 Zimmtcassia, s. Zimmt, sinesischer. 
 Zimmtol, Oleum cinnamomi, s. Cannelle. 
 Zimmtrinde, wahre,cortex , s. Cannellier. 
 Zimmtrinde, weisse, canellae, s.Cannelle. 
 Zimmtsyrup, Syrupus Cinnamomi, 
 Zimmttinktur, Tinctura Cinnamomi, 
 Zimmtwasser, einfaches, Aqua , 
 Zimmt wasser, weiniges, Aqua vinosa, 
 Zink, zincum, Zinc. 
 Zinn, stannum, Etain. 
 Zinnfeile, praparirte, limatura stanni pre- 
 
 parata, s. Etain, et Limail/e. 
 Zinnober, cinnabar, Cinnabre. 
 Zipolle, Allium fistulosum, Ciboule. 
 Zirbel, Zirbeldriise, pineal gland, Conari- 
 
 on, s., also, Pineal, 
 
 Zirbelstiele, pedunc. conarii, s. Pedoncule. 
 Zirkel, circle, cycle, Cercle, Cycle. 
 Zirkelrund, circular, Circulaire. 
 Zirkelrund, orbicular, Orbiculaire. 
 Zischen, sibilatio, Sifflement. 
 Zischend, sibilans, Sirlhint. 
 Zitteraal, G. electricus, s. Gymnote. 
 Zitterfisch, Torpedo vulgaris, s. Torpille. 
 Zitternde Bewegung, s. Schauder. 
 Zitwer, Ksempferia rotunda, s. Zedoaire. 
 Zitzenformig, mamillatus, Mamelone". 
 Zitzenfortsatz,mastoid process,*. Masto'ide. 
 Zitzensack, mastotheca, M astotheque. 
 Zoochemie, animal chemistry, Zoochimie. 
 Zoographisch, zoographical, Zoograpbique. 
 Zoolith, zoolite, Zoolithe. 
 Zoolithographie, zoolithography, Zoolith- 
 
 ographie. ; 
 
 Zoolithologie, zoolithology, Zoolithologie. 
 Zoolog, zoologist, Zoologiste. 
 Zoologie, zoology, Zoologie. 
 Zoologisch, zoological, Zoologique. 
 Zoonosologie, zoonosology, Zoonosologie. 
 Zoopathologie, -pathology, Zoopathologie. 
 Zoophysiologie, -siology, Zoophysiologie. 
 Zoophyt, zoophytum, Zoophyte. 
 Zoophyten, Zoophyta, Zoophytes. 
 Zoophytisch, zoophytic, Zoophytique. 
 Zoophytologie,-pnytology,Zoophytologie. 
 Zorn, anger, Colere. 
 Zote am Pferdefuss, cirrus, Fanon. 
 Zucken, subsultus, Soubresaut. 
 Zucker, sugar, Sucre. 
 Zuckerbohnej-mandel,sugar.plum,Drage'e. 
 Zuckerig, saccharine, Saccharin. 
 Zuckersaft, syrup, Syrop. 
 
 650 
 
 ZUN 
 
 Zuckerwasser, hydrosaccharum, Hydro- 
 
 saccharum. 
 
 Zuckung, convulsio, Convulsion. 
 Zufall, accident, Accident. 
 Zufallen der Krankheiten, symptoms of 
 
 diseases, s. Symptome. 
 Zufallig,accidental,Accidentel,Adventice. 
 Zufluss, affluxus, Affluence. 
 Zugabe, epidosis, Epidose. 
 Zugang, accession, Acces. 
 Zugmittel, epispastica, s. Epispastique. 
 Zuheilende Mittel, consolidantia, s. 
 Zuheilung, consolidatio, Consolidation. 
 Zuhoren, s. Auscultation. 
 Zuhname, increase, Accroissement. 
 Zunahme, increase, Auxesie. 
 Zunahme einer Krankheit, increase of a 
 
 disease, Epidrose. 
 Zunge, glossa, Zunge. 
 Zunge, tongue, Langue. 
 Zungenarterie, art. Fingualis, s. Lingual. 
 Zungenast des Zungenschlundkopfnerv- 
 ens, ramus linguaus nervi glosso-pha- 
 ryngei, 
 
 Zungenband, fraenum linguae, Filet. 
 Zungenbein, os hyoides, linguale, s.Hy- 
 
 o'ide, et Lingual. 
 Zungenbeinhornschlundmuskel, Cerato- 
 
 Pharyngeus, Ce'rato-Pharyngien. 
 Z ungenbeinhornzungenmuskel, Cerato- 
 
 Glossus, C^rato-Glosse. 
 Zungenbeinmuskeln, musculi hyoidei, s. 
 
 Hydidien. 
 Zungenbeinschildknorpelmuskel, Hyo- 
 
 Glossus, Hyo-Glosse. 
 Zungenblutader, vena lingualis, s. Ranine. 
 Zungenblutung,glossorrhagia,s.Gfosso*omie 
 Zungenbrand, glossanthrax.Glossanthrax. 
 Zungenbruch, glossocele, Glossocele. 
 Zungencarbunkel, s. Zungenbrand, 
 Zungenentziindung, glossitis, Glossite. 
 Zungenfleischnerv, nervus hypoglossus,s. 
 
 Hypoglosse, et Nerf. 
 
 Zungenhalter, catochus, Glossocatoche. 
 Zungenkehldeckelmuskel,Glosso-Epiglot- 
 
 ticus, Glosso-Epiglottique. 
 Zungenlahmung,glossoplegia,s.G/05so/omie 
 Zungenlehre, glossologia, Glossologie. 
 Zungenlos, aglossus, Aglosse. 
 Zungenlosigkeit, aglossia, Aglossie. 
 Zungenmuskel, Lingualis, Lingual. 
 Zungennerv, nervus lingualis, s. Lingual. 
 Zungenschlagader, tiefe, arteria ranina, s. 
 
 Ranine. 
 Zungenschlundkopfherv, nervus glosso- 
 
 pharyngeus, s. Nerf. 
 Zungenscnlundnerv, same, s. Glosso-Pha- 
 
 ryngien. 
 
 Zungenschmerz, glossalgia, Glossalgie. 
 Zungenvene, vena lingualis, s. Lingual. 
 Zungenvorfall, glossoptosis, Glossoptose. 
 Zungenvorfall, paraglossa, Paraglosse. 
 Zungenwarzchen, p. linguales, s. Papille. 
 Zungenzapfchenmuskel, Constrictor isth- 
 mi faucium, Glosso-Staphylin.
 
 zus 
 
 Zurikkbeugende Muskeln, musculi supi- 
 
 natores, s. Supinateur. 
 Zuriickbeugung der Gebarmutter, retro- 
 
 versio uteri, s. Hypostrophie. 
 Zurtickbringung, reductio, Reduction. 
 Zuriickdrehung, supinatio, Supination. 
 Zuriickgebogen, reflexus, Rehechi. 
 Zuriickgebogen, revolutus, Revolute. 
 Zuriickgehen, retrocessio, Retrocession. 
 Zuriickgelegt, reclinatus, Reeling. 
 Zuriickgerollt, revolutus, Re'volute'. 
 Zuriick haltung einer normalen Ausleer- 
 
 ung, suppression of a natural evacua- 
 tion, Epischese. 
 
 Zuriicklaufend, recurrens, Recurrent. 
 Zuriicklaufende Ellenbogenschlagader, ar- 
 
 teria ulnaris recurrens, 
 Zuriicklaufende Speichenschlagader, arte- 
 
 ria radialis recurrens, 
 ZuriicklaufenderNerf, nerv. recurrens, 
 Zuriickstoss, repercussio, Re'percussion. 
 Zuriickstossung, repulsio, Repulsion. 
 Zuriickstrahlung, eratio,Reverbe'ration. 
 Zuriicktreibend,repercutiens,Repercussif. 
 Zuriicktreibende Arzneien, repellentia, 
 Zuriicktreten, s. Zuriickgehen. 
 Zuriickwerfung, reflectio, Reflection. 
 Zuriickziehbar, retractile, Re'tractile, 
 Zuriickziehbarkeit, ility, Re'tractilite'. 
 Zuriickziehung, retractio, Re'traction. 
 Zusammendriickbar, ible, Compressible. 
 Zusaramendriickbarkeit, compressibility, 
 
 Compressibilitd. 
 
 Zusammendriicken,to press,Comprimer. 
 Zusammendriicker, or, Compresseur. 
 Zusammendriicker der Nase, Constrictor 
 
 naris, 
 Z usammendriickt, compressus, Compresse, 
 
 Comprime. 
 
 Zusammendriickung, sio, Compression. 
 Zusammenfliessend, confluent, Confluent. 
 Zusammenfliessende Blattern, confluent 
 
 small-pox, 
 
 Zusammenfluss,confluence,Abouchement. 
 Zusammenfluss zweyer Blutadern, con- 
 fluence of two veins, 
 Zusammengeballt, conglobatus, Conglobe. 
 Zusammengelegt, catus, Conduplique. 
 Zusammengerollt, convolutus, Convolute. 
 Zusammengerollt, s. Tutenformig. 
 Zusammengesetzt, compositus, Compose. 
 ZusammengesetzteBibergeiltinktur,Tinc. 
 
 Castorei composita, 
 Zusammengesetzte Blumen, flores com- 
 
 positi, s. Clinanthe. 
 Zusammengesetzte Driise, conglomerate 
 
 gland, s. Conglomere. 
 Zusammengesetzter Angelikwurzelgeist, 
 
 Spiritus Angelicae compos., s. A ngdique. 
 Zusammengesetztes Kampherliniment, 
 
 Lin. Camphorze comp., s. Camphre. 
 Zusammengesetztes Rharbarberex tract, 
 
 Extr. Rhei compos., s. Rhubarbe. 
 Zusammengesetztes Rosmarinwasser, A- 
 
 qua Rorismarini comp., s. Romarin, 
 
 651 
 
 ZWE 
 
 Ztisamniengewachsen, connate, Comic. 
 
 Zusammengewachsene Blatter, folia con- 
 
 nata, 
 
 Zusammengewichelt, conglomeratus,Con- 
 glomere. 
 
 Zusammengezogen, contractus, Contractc. 
 
 ZusammenHaltend, synochous, Synoque. 
 
 Zusammenhang, cohaesio, Cohesion. 
 
 Zusammenheilung, s. Zusammenleimung. 
 
 Zusammenlaufen, gence, Convergence. 
 
 Zusammenlaufend, converging, 
 
 Zusammenleirnen,agglutinare,Agglutiner. 
 
 Zusammeuleimend, ans, Agglutinant. 
 
 Zusammenleimende Mittel, conglutinan- 
 tia, s. Conglutination. 
 
 Zusammenleimung, agglutinatio, Agglu- 
 tination. 
 
 Zusammenmiindung, inosculatio, Abou- 
 chement- 
 
 Zusammenmiindung, s. Anastomose. 
 
 Zusammenneigend, connivens, Connivent. 
 
 Zusammenpressung, s. Zusammendriick- 
 ung. 
 
 Zusammensetzung, synthesis, Syntbese. 
 
 Zusammensetzung, itio, Composition. 
 
 Zusammenstoss, collisio, Collision. 
 
 Zusammenstossend, s. Zusammenneigend. 
 
 Zusammentreffen, coincidentia, Coinci- 
 dence. 
 
 Zusanimenwickelung, complicatio, Com- 
 plication. 
 
 Zusammenwohnen, atio, Cohabitation. 
 
 Zusammenziehbar,systalticus,Systaltique. 
 
 Zusammenziehbar,contractile,Contractile. 
 
 Zusammenziehbarkeit, contractility, Con- 
 tractilite. 
 
 Zusammenziehend, astringent, s. 
 
 ZusammenziehendeMittel,astringentia,s. 
 
 Zusammenziehung, astrictio, Astriction. 
 
 Zusammenziehung, s. Concentrirung. 
 
 Zusammenziehung,contractio,Contraction 
 
 Zusammenziehung, . Krause. 
 
 Zusatz, appendage, Appendice. 
 
 Zusatzlicn, mentary, Supplementare. 
 
 Zutritt, access, Acces. 
 
 Zuwachs, accretio, Accroissement. 
 
 Zweibauchig, digastric, Digastrique. 
 
 Zweibauchiger Nackenmuskel, Complex- 
 us, Complexus. 
 
 Zweibauchiger Unterkiefermuskel, Digas- 
 tricus, Digastrique. 
 
 Zweiblattrig, diphyllus, Diphylle. 
 
 Zweiblumig, binorus, Biflore. 
 
 Zweibruderschaft, s. Diadelphie. 
 
 Zweifachrig, bilocular, Biloculaire. 
 
 Zwei-, Vierflichriger Staubbeutel,anthera 
 bi-, quadrilocularis, s. Anthere. 
 
 Zweifliigelich, dipterous, Diptere. 
 
 ZweifliigeligeInsekten,I)iptera,Dipteres. 
 
 Zweifiissig, biped, Bipede. 
 
 Zweig, twig, s. Branche. 
 
 Zweihausig, dioecious, Dioique. 
 
 Zweihornig, bicornis, Bicorne. 
 
 Zweihb'rnige Harnblase, vesica bicornis, 
 
 Zweijahrig, biennis, Bisannuel.
 
 ZWI 
 
 Zweikernig, -knopfig, dicoccus, Dicoque. 
 Zweilippig, bilabiate, Bilabie. 
 
 Zweimachtig, didynamous, Didyname. 
 
 Zweimachtige Staubfaden, stamens, 
 
 Zweimachtigkeit, Didynamia, Didynamie. 
 
 Zweimannig, diandrus, Diandre. 
 
 Zweima'nnige Bluthen, flores diandri, 
 
 Zweireihig, distichus, Distique. 
 
 Zweisaamig, dispermus, Disperme. 
 
 Zweischalig, bivalvis, Bivalve. 
 
 Zweispaltig, bifidus, Bifide. 
 
 Zweispitzig, -zackig, bifurcatus,Bifurque. 
 
 Zweispitzige Entheilung, bifurcatio, Bi- 
 furcation. 
 
 Zweite Reihe der Handwurzelknochen, 
 second row of carpal bones, s. Carpe. 
 
 Zweiter Halswirbel, second cervical ver- 
 tebra, Axis. 
 
 Zweiles Stuck des Brustbeins, third piece 
 of the sternum, s. Tristernal. 
 
 Zweitheilig, dichotomus, Dichotome. 
 
 Zwei-, Zweyzahnig, bidentatus, Bidente. 
 
 Zweizeilig, distichus, Distique. 
 
 Zwerchenwachsen, diaphysis, Diaphyse. 
 
 Zwerchfell, diaphra gma, Diaphragme. 
 
 Zwerchfell, epiphragma, Epiphragme. 
 
 Zwerchfellabscess, diaphragmapostema, 
 s. Diaphragmalffie. 
 
 Zwerchfellbruch, hernia diaphragmatis, 
 Diaphragmatocele. 
 
 Zwerchfelfentziindung, intiammatio dia- 
 phragmitis, Diaphragmatite. 
 
 Zwerchfellgeschwvir, diaphragmelcosis, 
 
 Zwerchfellmagenband, ligamentum phre- 
 no-gastricum, s. Phreno-Gaslrique. 
 
 Zwerchfellmilzband, ligamentum phreno- 
 splenicum, s. Phreno-Splenique. 
 
 Zwerchfellnerven, nervi phrenici, *. Dia- 
 phragmatiqne. 
 
 Zwerchfellschlagadern,obere,arteriaephre- 
 nicae superidres, 
 
 ZwerchfellschL,untere, inferiores, 
 
 Zwerchf'ellschmerz, diaphragmalgia, Dia- 
 phragmalgie. 
 
 Zwerchfell venen, venae phrenicae, 
 
 Zwerchmuskel, s. Zwerchfell. 
 
 Zwerg, dwarf, Nain. 
 
 Zwergig, dwarfish, Nain. 
 
 Zwieback, panis biscoctus, Biscuit. 
 
 Zwiebel, bulbus, Bulbe. 
 
 Zwiebel, -lauch, Allium cepa, Ognon. 
 
 Zwiebel der Harnrohre, bulbus urethrae, 
 s. Bulbe. 
 
 Zwiebelbrut, bulbulus, Cayeu. 
 
 Zwiebelformig, bulbiformis, Bulbiforme. 
 
 Zwiebelgewachse, plantae bulbosae,s.Eulbe. 
 
 Zwiebelig, bulbosus, Bulbeux. 
 
 Zwiebeltragend, bulbifer, Bulbifere. 
 
 Zwilling, gemellus, geminus, Jumeau. 
 
 Zwillingsmuskel, oberer, Geminus supe- 
 rior, 
 
 Zwillingsmuskel, unterer, inferior, 
 
 Zwischendornbander, ligamenta interspi- 
 nosa, s. Inter-Epineux. 
 
 Zwischendornmuskeln, Interspinales, 
 
 652 
 
 ZVM 
 
 Zwischengerollt, obvolutus, Obvolute. 
 Zwischenkiefer, os intermaxillare, s. Inttr- 
 
 maxillare. 
 wischenknochenmuskeln, aussere, mus- 
 
 culi interossei externi, s. Interosseux. 
 Zwischenknochenmuskeln,innere, muscu- 
 
 li interossei interni, 
 Zwischenknochennerv, n. interosseus, 
 Zwischenknochenschlagadern, arteriae in- 
 
 terosseae, 
 Zwischenknorpel, interarticular cartilage , 
 
 s. Inter-Articulaire. 
 Zwischenknorpeln des Brustbeins, carti- 
 
 lagines interarticulares sterni, 
 Zwischenknorpeln des Schliisselbeins, car- 
 
 tilagines interarticulares claviculae, 
 Zwiscnenknoten,internodium,Entrenceud. 
 Zwischenqueerfortsatzmuskeln, hintere 
 
 des Nackens, Intertransversales colli 
 
 posteriores, s. Inter-Tronsversaire. 
 Zwischenqueerfortsatzmuskeln, vordere 
 
 des Nackens, colli, anteriores, 
 Zwischenraum, interspace, Diasteme. 
 Zwischenraum, interstice, Interstice. 
 Zwischenrippenmuskeln, aussere, in- 
 
 nere, Intercostales externi, interni, 
 
 s. Intercostal. 
 Zwischenrippenschlagader, obere, arteria 
 
 intercostalis superior, s. Intercostal. 
 Zwischenrippenschlagadern, untere, art- 
 eriae intercostales inferiores, 
 Zwischenrippenvene, obere der rechten 
 
 Seite, vena intercost. dextra superior, 
 Zwischenrippenvene, obere der linken 
 
 Seite, vena intercostalis sinistra , 
 Zwischenrippenvenen, v. intercostales, 
 Zwischenschliisselbeinband, ligamentum 
 
 interclaviculare, s. Interclaviculaire. 
 Zwischenwirbelknorpel,cartilago interver- 
 
 tebralis, s. Inter vertebral. 
 Zwischenwirbelkorperbander, ligamenta 
 
 intervertebralia, 
 
 Zwischenwirbellocher, foramina interver- 
 tebralia, s. Lombaire. 
 Zwischenzeit, interval, s. Intermission. 
 Zwitter, hermaphrodite, Hermaphrodite. 
 Zwitterheit, hermaphrodism, Hermaphro- 
 
 disme. 
 
 Zwolfeckig, dodecagonus, Dodecagone. 
 Zwolffingerdarm, duodenum. Duodenum. 
 Zwolffingerdarmentziindung, duodenitis, 
 
 Duodenite. 
 Zwolffingerdarmschlagadern, arteriae duo- 
 
 denales, s. Duodenum. 
 Zwolfmannig, dodecandrus, Dodecandre. 
 Zwolfmannige Pflanzen, plantae dodecan- 
 
 drae, 
 Zwijlfmannigkeit, Dodecandria, Doddcan- 
 
 drie. 
 
 Zwolfweibig, dodecagynus, Dodecagyne. 
 ZwblfweibigeBliithen,floresdodecagyni, 
 Zwolfweibigkeit, Dodecagynia, Dode'cagy- 
 
 nie. 
 
 Zygomatisch, zygomatic, Zygomatique. 
 Zymosimeter, metrum, Zymosimetre.
 
 SUPPLEMENT. 
 
 AUF 
 
 Abfluss, effluxus, Ecoulement. 
 
 Abfiihren, to absterge, Absterger. 
 
 Abfiihrungsmittel, gentia, s. Abstergent. 
 
 Abhangige Fortsatze, hintere, vor- 
 
 dere, processus clinoidei posteriores, 
 anteriores, *. Clinoide. 
 
 Abkiihlung, refrigeratio, Refrigeration. 
 
 Ableitung, derivatio, Derivation. 
 
 Abnahme, decay, Ddperissement. 
 
 Ab- oder Wegnehmen eines uberfliissigen 
 oder verdorbenen Theils, removal of a 
 superfluous or injured part, s. Aphirese. 
 
 Abreibung der Haut, excoriation, Ecor- 
 chure. 
 
 Absiissung, dulcificatio, Dulcification. 
 
 Abzaumen, fraena solvere, Debrider. 
 
 Abzaumung, orum solutio,Debridement. 
 
 Abziehende Muskeln, abductor muscles,*. 
 
 Abzieher der grossen Zehe, Abductor pol- 
 licis pedis, s. Abductew. 
 
 Abzieher der kleinen Zehe, Abductor mi- 
 nimi digiti pedis, 
 
 Achselblatt, stipula, Stipule. 
 
 Aderriss, phleborrhexis, Phleborrhexie. 
 
 Aeusserstes Ende der Hand, extrema ma- 
 nus, Acrochir. 
 
 Agrimonie, Agrimonia, Aigremoine. 
 
 Altersbogen, s. Greisenbogen. 
 
 Ameisenwarze, myrmecia, Myrmecie. 
 
 Ampfergewachse, Polygonese, Polygonees. 
 
 Aneinanderreiben,confricatio,Confrication. 
 
 Anfang des Ductus thoracicus, commence- 
 ment of thoracic duct, s. Receptacle. 
 
 Angeborne Krankheit, congenital disease, 
 s. Conne. 
 
 Anheftung, insertio, Insertion. 
 
 Ansammlung ein. Fliissigkeit in den Brust- 
 fellsacken, pleurorrhrea, Pleurorrhee. 
 
 Ansammlung von Wasser und Luft im U- 
 terus, metra, Hydrophysometre. 
 
 Ansetzen, prosthesis, Prosthese. 
 
 Ansprung, tinea, Achores. 
 
 Anwachs, accretio, Accretion. 
 
 Anzieher des Daumens, Adductor pollicis 
 manus, s. Adducteur. 
 
 Anzieher des kleinen Fingers, Adductor 
 minimi digiti manus, 
 
 Anzieher der grossen Zehe, Adductor pol- 
 licis pedis, 
 
 Armblattrig, oligophyllus, Oligophylle. 
 
 Arthritischer Alterschmerz, proctagra ar- 
 thritica, *. Proctagre. 
 
 Atomistik, Atomistische Ontologie, cor- 
 puscular philosophy, s. Corpusculaire. 
 
 Auf heber des Schulterblatts, Levator sca- 
 pulae, s. Angulaire. 
 
 Aufrichter der Klitoris, Erector clitoridis, 
 s. Ischio-Cavemeux. 
 
 Aufrichter der Ruthe, Erector penis, 
 
 Aufschwellen, intumesccntia, Dioncosc. 
 
 653 
 
 BER 
 
 AullreibenderMeibomischeDrusen,obstr. 
 
 of Meibomian glands, s. Pachyblepharose. 
 Augenbrand, Augenkarbunkel, carbuncu- 
 
 lus oculi, Anthracose. 
 Augenbutter, eyelid-secretion, Chassie. 
 Augendriisenentziindung, inflammation of 
 
 Meibomian glands, Adenophtbalmie. 
 Augenliederbrand, carbunculus palpebra- 
 
 rum, Anthracose. 
 Augenliederschwiele,pachyblepharosis,Pa- 
 
 cnyblepharose. 
 Augenliederzerfressung, ulceration of the 
 
 eye-lids, Peribrose. 
 
 Augenschau, scopia, Ophthalmoscopie. 
 Ausbreitbar, diffusible, Diffusible. 
 Ausbreitung in Aeste, tio, Ramification. 
 Auseinandergehen der Schadelknochen, 
 
 separation of cranial bones, Diachalasis. 
 Auseinanderweichen, diastasis, Diastase. 
 Auslieferung, secundinarum expulsio, D4- 
 
 livrance. 
 
 Ausschwellen, escentia, Intumescence. 
 Aussetzende Krankheiten, intermittent 
 
 diseases, s. Intermittent. 
 Aussetzender Puls, intermittent pulse, 
 Ausstrahlung, irradiatio, Irradiation. 
 Auswarts-gebogen, reflexus, Re'fl^chi. 
 Ausziehen der Haare, removal of the hair, 
 
 Dropacisme. 
 
 Bandbliimchen, ligula, Languette. 
 
 Bander des Gehirns, commissurae cerebri, 
 s. Commissure. 
 
 Basis der Blausaure, cyanogen,Cyanogene. 
 
 Basis der Schulterblatts, basis, vel margo 
 vertebralis, scapulae, s. Base. 
 
 Basisches Salz, neutral salt, 
 
 Bauchflosser, Abdominales (Pisces), a. Ab- 
 dominal. 
 
 Bauchmuskelentziindung, is,Myoccelite. 
 
 Bauchmuskelschmerz, ia,Myocoslialgie. 
 
 Bauchspeicheldriisengang, duct us pancrea- 
 ticus, *. Pancreatique. 
 
 Becher, Becherhiille, cupula, Cupule. 
 
 Becherartig, cupulatus, Cupule. 
 
 Becherformige Blumenkrone, cup-shaped 
 corolla, s. Cyathiforme. 
 
 Bechertragend, cupuliferus, Cupulifere. 
 
 Beckenmesser, s. Klisiometer. 
 
 Befruchtungstrager, phorus,Gonophore. 
 
 Begleitend, concomitant, Concomitant. 
 
 Begleitung, adjunct, Accompagnement. 
 
 Behautet, tunicatus, Tunique. 
 
 Beinerde, earth of bone, s. Terre. 
 
 Beinhaut der Hirnschale, ium,Pe'ricrane. 
 
 Beinnarbe, callus, Cal. 
 
 Beinschiene, s. Beinlade. 
 
 Berathschlagung, coanologia, Cosnologie. 
 
 Beraubung des Geschmacks, saporis depri- 
 vatio, Atl'adissement,
 
 EIL 
 
 Beschreibung der Winde,s. Anemographie. 
 
 Bestengelt, caulescens, Caulescent. 
 
 Betelpfefler, P. betle, s. Poivre. 
 
 Bettformig, clinoid, Clinoide. 
 
 Biberbaum, M. glauca, s. Magnolier. 
 
 Bibergeilkampher, castorina, Castorine. 
 
 Bienenzellig, favosus, Faveux. 
 
 Biestmilch, beestings, Colostrum. 
 
 Blauer Sturmhut, s. Napell. 
 
 Bleichsiichtig, chlorotic, Chlorotique. 
 
 Bleywurz, Plumbago, Dentelaire. 
 
 Blumenblattlos, apetalous, Apetale. 
 
 Blumenstielestandig, lar, Pedoncule. 
 
 Blutaderausdehnung, ma,Phlebeurysme. 
 
 Blutaderentziindung, phlebitis, Phlebite. 
 
 Blutarm, leiphsemus, Leipheme. 
 
 Blutfluss aus den Venen, phleborrhagia, 
 Phleborrhagie. 
 
 Bluthenscheidchen, spathella, Spathelle. 
 
 Bliithen-, Blumenscheide, spatha, Spathe. 
 
 Bluthenscheidenartig, Bliithenscheidig, 
 spatbaceous, Spathe. 
 
 Bliithenstielchen, pedicellus, Pedicelle. 
 
 Boden, soil, Terreau. 
 
 Bohrmuschel, Pholas, Pholade. 
 
 Bolle, bulb, Bulbe. 
 
 Brachvogel, Numenius, Courlis. 
 
 Brachvogel, grosser, N. arquata, 
 
 Brechbar, refrangible, Refrangible. 
 
 Brechbarkeit, gibility, Re'frangibilite'. 
 
 Brechfieber, febris asodes, s. Asode. 
 
 Bruchahnliche Geschwullst, hernia-like 
 swelling, s. Hydatidocele. 
 
 Bruchschneider, celotomist, s. 
 
 Bruchschnitt, celotomia, Celotomie. 
 
 Brustknoten des Intercostalnervens, gan- 
 glia thor. n. intercostalis, s. Intercostal. 
 
 Brustkrebs, mammary cancer, Masto-Car- 
 cinome. 
 
 Brustsprache, pectoriloquy, Pectoriloquie. 
 
 Biirzel, uropygium, Croupion. 
 
 Biischel, fasciculus, Faisceau. 
 
 Biischelartig, fasciculatus, Fascicule. 
 
 Biischelfbrmig, same, 
 
 Caries der Riickenwirbel, spondylarthro- 
 
 cace, Spondylarthrocace. 
 Ceder aus Lycien, Juniperus lycia,s.O/iian. 
 
 Darrsucht der Kinder, mesenteric atrophy 
 
 of children, Pedatrophie. 
 Destillertes Wasser der schwarzen Kiich- 
 
 enschelle, Aqua distillata A. pratensis, 
 
 s. Anemone. 
 
 Dickauszug, extractum, Extrait. 
 Dickauszug der schwarzen Kiichenschelle, 
 
 Extractum A. pratensis, s. Anemone. 
 Driisenfleisch, parenchyma, Parenchyme. 
 Dunnblattrig, tenuifolius, Tenuifolie\ 
 Durchgang, DurchgSnge, pi., via, Voie. 
 Durrgras, Holcus, Houlque. 
 
 Egelschnecke, Fasciola hepatica, Douve. 
 Eilfter Beynerv, eleventh cerebral, or ac- 
 cessory, nerve, s. Accessoire. 
 
 654 
 
 GEW 
 
 Einbalsamirung, cadaverum conditura, 
 
 Embaumeiit. 
 
 Einjahrig, annual, Annuel. 
 Einjahrige Pflanze, annual plant, 
 Eitern, to suppurate, Abceder. 
 Endstandig, terminalis, Terminal. 
 Entziindung der Kopfmuskeln,myocepha- 
 
 litis, Myoce"phalite. 
 
 Ephemeriden, ephemerides, s. Ephemere. 
 Erdstrich, regio terrse, Climat. 
 ErschlafFung des Hodens, relaxatio scroti, 
 
 Rhacose. 
 
 Erste Muttermilch, s. Kolostrum. 
 Erste Reihe der Handwurzelknochen, 1st 
 
 row of metacarpal bones, s. Carpe. 
 Erste Wege, primse viae, s. Voie. 
 Erster Hals wirbel, 1st cerv. vertebra, Atlas. 
 Erstes Stuck des Brustbeins, tirst piece of 
 
 sternum, s. Primi- Sternal. 
 Erwachsen, adult, Adulte. 
 Erwachsenes Alter, adult age, 
 
 Fangschwanz, cauda preh., s. Prehensile. 
 Feinblattrig, tenuifolius, Tenuifolie. 
 Feuchtigkeitmesser, s. Hygrometer. 
 Fische mit weichen Graten, Malacoptery- 
 
 gii (Pisces), Malacopterygiens. 
 FistulosesGeschwiir,fistuloussore,Clapier. 
 Fleischlappen, flap of flesh, Ijambeau. 
 Fleischwasserbruch, hydrosarcocele, Hy- 
 
 drosarcocele. 
 
 Flosswallfisch, s. Balanopter. 
 Frieselartig, phlyctenoia. Phlyctenoide. 
 Frieselblaschen, phlyctaena, Phlyctene. 
 Fruchtboden, receptaculum, Receptacle. 
 Fussodem, oedema pedum, s. CEdeme. 
 
 Gahrkunst, zymotechnia, Zymotechnie. 
 
 Gahrungslehre, zymology, .Zymologie. 
 
 Gahrungsmesser, s. Zymosimeter. 
 
 Ganzblattrig, integrifolius, Integrifolie. 
 
 Ganzhiifig, solipes, Solipede. 
 
 Ganzhiifige Thiere, Solipeda, Solipedes. 
 
 Ganzlicher Mangel des Schadels, total de- 
 ficiency of skull, Acranie. 
 
 Gedeckelt, operculatus, Opercule. 
 
 Gegurtelt, zonatus, Zone. 
 
 Geistesabwesenheit, madness, De'lire. 
 
 Geistesarmuth,oligopsychia,Oligopsychie. 
 
 Geistesschwache, same, 
 
 Geistreicher Wein, vinum generosum, s. 
 Genireux. 
 
 Gelbes Waldhahnlein, Anemone ranuncu- 
 loides, s. Anemone. 
 
 GelindeunmerklicheAusdiinnstung,slight 
 insensible perspiration, s. Diapnoique. 
 
 Gemeinschaftlicher Fruchtboden, recepta- 
 culum commune, Clinanthe. 
 
 Gemisch von Bier und Milch, zythogala, 
 Zythogale. 
 
 Geringer,zu,Kothabgang, ia,Oligocoprie 
 
 Gesassbruch, ischiocele, Ischiocele. 
 
 Gewassert, hydratus, Hydrate. 
 
 Gewitterwolke, thunder-cloud, Diablotin.
 
 KRI 
 
 Gewohnung aus Klima, cliinati assuetudo, 
 
 Acclimatement. 
 
 Gif'tiger Wuterich, C. virosa, s. Cicutaire. 
 Gipfelstiindig, terminal, Terminal. 
 Gipfelstandiger Staubbeutel, anther, 
 Gipfelstiindiges Blattchen, leaflet, 
 Glattroche, Raia batis, s. Raie. 
 Glatzschwindel, scotodynia, Scotodynie. 
 Gleichzeitig, isochronous, Isochrone. 
 Gleichzeitige Entziindung des Brustfells 
 
 undderLungen,pleuro-pneumonia,Pleu- 
 
 ro-Pneumonie. 
 
 Gleichzeitigkeit,isochronism,Isochronisme 
 GonorrhoischeAugenentziindungjOphthal- 
 
 mia gonorrhoica, s. Ophthalmic. 
 Gurkenbaum, Magnolia, Magnolie. 
 
 Haarzange, volsella, Madisterion. 
 
 Hahnenf'ussartige Anemone, A. ranuncu- 
 loides, s- Anemone. 
 
 Handarbeiter, operator, Operateur. 
 
 Handbad, maniluvium, Maniluve. 
 
 Harnwolke, nubecula urinae, s. Nephel&ide. 
 
 HiiutigeZwiebel,bulbustunicatus,s..Bu/6e. 
 
 Heber, sipho, Siphon. 
 
 Heftige Kalte, intense cold, s. Intense. 
 
 Heftiges Ausfahren von Luft, violent ex- 
 plosion of gas, Physopsophie. 
 
 Hemipteren, Hemiptera, Hemipteres. 
 
 Herausziehen der Knochensplitter, extrac- 
 tion of splinters of bone, s. Acanlhabole. 
 
 Hitzblase auf der Haut, papula, s. Bouton. 
 
 Hitziger Wasserkopf, hydrocephalus acu- 
 tus, s. Hydrocephale. 
 
 HiJchster Grad einer Krankheit, acme of 
 a disease, s. Acme. 
 
 Hiille, oder Umschlag, der Bauchpilze, 
 peridium Gastromycoram, PeYidion. 
 
 Hiillkelch, periclinium, Periclinanthe. 
 
 Hiillkelchformig, formis.Pe'ricliniforme. 
 
 Hundgras, Triticum repens, s. Frament. 
 
 Hydrophytologie, gia,Hydrophytologie. 
 
 Innenhaut, endocarpium, Endocarpe. 
 Insekten, Insecta, Insectes. 
 Insekten mit vier Fliigeln, Insecta tetrap- 
 tera, s. Lepidoptere. 
 
 Jochfortsatz, s. Wangenfortsatz. 
 
 Kalische Substanz, alcaline substance, s. 
 
 Aconitine. 
 
 Karthausernelke,D.cartusianorunv.G&7te 
 Kephalometer, s. Kopfmesser. 
 Knoten der Graser, nodi Graminum vel 
 
 Graminearum, s. Diaphyse. 
 Kopfschabe, Tinea furfuracea, s. Teigne. 
 Kraftiges Mittel, active remedy, s. Actif. 
 Krankneit ohne kritische Erscheinungen, 
 
 morbus acriticus, s. Acrisie. 
 Krauterstengel, stem of plant, s. Tige. 
 Kresse, Lepidium, Passerage. 
 Kresse, gemeine, s. Gartenkresse. 
 Kriechend, reptans, Rampant. 
 Kriechender Hahnenfuss, R. repens, __ 
 655 
 
 NKI 
 
 Krummnervig, curvinervis, Curvinerve. 
 Kuchenschelle, s. Schwarze Kuchensch. 
 Kylinder, cylinder, Cylindre. 
 
 Lade, solen, Solen. 
 
 Lahmung der Augenmuskeln, paralysis of 
 
 muscles of the eye, Ophthalmoplegie. 
 Langer Riickwartsdreher, Supinator radii 
 
 longus. s. Supinateur. 
 Langeschwanzter Muskel, Plantaris, Plan- 
 
 taire. 
 Langsame Verdauung, concoctio ciborum 
 
 tarda, Bradypepsie. 
 Langsamer Abgang des Samens, emissio 
 
 seminis tarda, Bradyspermatisme. 
 Langsamgehend, tardigradus, Tardigrade. 
 Langsamgiehende Thiere, Tardigrada, 
 Lebensordnung, regimen, Regime. 
 Lehre von den Quadrupeden, tetrapodolo- 
 
 gia, Te'trapodologie. 
 Lehre von den Zoophyten, zoophytologia, 
 
 Zoophytologie. 
 
 Lehre von der Gahrung,s.Gahrungslehre. 
 Lepidopteren, Lepidoptera, Lepidopteres. 
 Ijepidopterolog, ,ist, Ldpidopte'rologue. 
 Lerchengrauer Regenpfeifer, CEdicnemus 
 
 crepitans, s. Crepitant. 
 Unden-Familie, Tiliaceze, Tiliac^es. 
 Loch zum Durchgang der untern Hohl- 
 
 vene, hiatus cesophageus,s. Diaphragme. 
 
 Makrele, Scomber scombrus, Maquereau. 
 
 Makrele, spanische, S. thynnus, Thon. 
 
 Makr.-Familie, Scomberida, Scombe'rides. 
 
 Malven-Familie, Malvaceae, Malvacees. 
 
 Mandelbraune, paristhmitis, Paristhmite. 
 
 Mangel einer normalen Oeffnung, imper- 
 foration, Atresie. 
 
 Mangel des Schadels, acrania, Acranie. 
 
 Mangelhafte Ernahrung, oligotrophia, O- 
 ligotrophie. 
 
 Markstrahlen, radii medullares, s. Rayon. 
 
 Menscbenvielkopf,P.hominis,s.Po/yce^Aa/e 
 
 Mittelsaulchen, columella, s. Axe. 
 
 Mittelstiick langer Knochen, central por- 
 tion of long bones, Diaphyse. 
 
 Mollusken, Mollusca, Mollusques. 
 
 Moiybdan, molybdaena, Molybdene. 
 
 Molybdanoxyd, molybdic oxide, . 
 
 Molybdanoxydul, molybdous oxide, 
 
 Molybdansaure, molybdic acid, 
 
 Molybdansaure Salze, molybdates, s. Mo- 
 lybdate. 
 
 Munddffhung, s. Mundspalte. 
 
 Mutterpferd, mare, Jument. 
 
 Nabelgekrosgefasse, omphalo-mesenteric 
 vessels, s. Omphalo-Mesenterique. 
 
 Nasenstiick des Thranenbleiters, nasal por- 
 tion of lacrymal duct, s. Lacrymal. 
 
 Nebenblattchen, stipelia, Stipelle. 
 
 Nebenblumenkrone, olla, Paracorolle. 
 
 Nebeneinanderstellungjuxtapositio, Jux- 
 taposition. 
 
 Neigung zur Saure, centia, Acescence.
 
 SPI 
 
 Nomaden, nomades, s. Nomade, 
 Nusspflaume, nuculanium, Nuculaine. 
 
 Oberer Ast, ramus superior, s. Branche. 
 Oefteres Ausspeyen, frequent expuition, 
 
 Crachotement. 
 Ohrbeinchen, rundes, os orbiculare, s. Or- 
 
 biculaire. ^ ' . 
 
 Perubalsamsaft, Syrupus balsami peruvi- 
 
 anj, s.'Baume. 
 
 Perubalsamtinktur, Tinctura , 
 
 Peruvianischer Balsam, balsam of Peru, 
 Pferdefenchel,. Phellandrium, Phellandre. 
 Poloniscber Zopf, plica polonica, s. Plique. 
 Pomeranzenschwamm, Agaricus aurantia- 
 
 cus, s. Orange. 
 
 Paukentreppe, scala tympani, s. Rampe. 
 Piippchen der Schmetterlinge,pupa of Le- 
 
 pidoptera, Chrysalide. 
 
 Regenbrachvogel, N. phaeopus, . Courlis. 
 Rothes SchweTelquecksilber, red sulphu- 
 ret of mercury, s. Cinnabre. 
 
 Sauerlichkeit, acescence, Acescence. 
 
 Sauertragend, addifer, Acidifere. 
 
 Scarification desAuges, scarification of the 
 eye, Ophthalmoxyse. 
 
 Schadellos, acranus, Acrane. 
 
 Schleimverhaltung, suppression of a mu- 
 cous discharge, Ischoble'nnie. 
 
 Schmerz in den Riickenwirbeln, spondyl- 
 algia, Spondylalgie. 
 
 Schwarze Kiichenschelle, Anemone pra- 
 tensis, s. Anemone. 
 
 Scorbut, scorbutus, Scorbut. 
 
 Scorbut des Mundes, *. Mundfaule. 
 
 Scorbutisch, scorbutic, Scorbutique. 
 
 Scrupel, scrupulus, Scrupule. 
 
 Seifenmachen,saponificatio,Saponification. 
 
 Sirup, syrupus, Syrop. 
 
 Speichelsteine, saliv. concretions, s. Calcul. 
 
 Spiessglanzzinnober, cinnabar of antimo- 
 ny, s. Cinnabre. 
 
 Spital fiir Aussatzige, hospital for lepers, 
 L,e"proserie. 
 
 Stammler, stammerer, Begue. 
 Stengellos, stemless, Acaule. 
 Stupor, stupor, Stupeur. 
 
 Theilweiser Mangel des Schadels, partial 
 deficiency of cranium, s. Acranle. 
 
 Thiere mit vier Handen, Quadrumana, 
 Quadrumanes. 
 
 Todtenstarre, s. Todtenkrampf. 
 
 Tragant, s. Wirbelkraut. 
 
 Triefaugig, lippus, Chassieux. 
 
 Triefendes Auge, oculus lippiens, 
 
 Troddel, barba, coma, Houppe. 
 
 Ueberlegung, reflectio, Reflection. 
 
 Uebermassig grosse Klitoris, clitoridis e- 
 longatio, Cercosis. 
 
 Uebermassige Ausdehnung der Milz, sple- 
 noparectama, Splenoparectame. 
 
 Uebrige, residue, Residu. 
 
 Unbeweglichkeit, acinesia, Acinesie. 
 
 TJnmassigkeit, ance, Intemperance. 
 
 Unterdriickung der Hautausdiinnstung, 
 des Schweisses, ischidrosis, Ischidrose. 
 
 Unterster (vierter) Magen der wiederkau- 
 enden Thiere, lowermost (fourth) sto- 
 mach of Ruminantia, Abomasum. 
 
 Untersuchung des Auges,inspection of the 
 eye, Ophthalmoscopie. 
 
 Unverletztheit, integrity, Integrite. 
 
 Venose Schlagadergeschwullst, varicose a- 
 neurism, Phle'barte'riodialyse. 
 
 Verbrennung zu Asche, io, CineYation. 
 
 Vierhandig, quadrumanus, Quadrumane. 
 
 Vierter Magen, s. Unterster. 
 
 Vorfall des Augapfels, ophthalmoptosis, 
 Ophthalmoptose. 
 
 Vorhaupt, s. Vorderkopf. 
 
 Wasseriges Extract, watery e-s.tr.,s.Extrait. 
 Wasserwindbruch, cele,Hydrophysocele. 
 Winddorn, psedarthrocace, Pe'darthrocace. 
 
 Zusammenziehung, s. Schliessung. 
 ZJymologie, zymology, ^ymologie. 
 Zymologisch, zymological, Zymologique. 
 
 ERRORS FOR CORRECTION. 
 
 Article, AcousTico-MALLiEN, for "grosser Erschlaffer," read kleiner Erschlaffer ; 
 ALLANTOIDE, for '* membrane destitute of vessels," read vascular membrane ; 
 AZYMB, for " ungesauert," read unges'duertes ; BALBUTIEMENT, for "inferior laryn- 
 geal," read superior laryngeal; COULEUR, for "direct," read directly emanating; 
 ETRIEK, for " membrane of tympanum," read mucous membrane of the cavity of the tym- 
 panum. For rectification of the error in Art., CITRON, s. LIMON. 
 
 In the Article, OVIPARE, Ornithorhynchus and Echidna are represented as ovipa- 
 rous animals. They are now believed to be ovo-viviparous. 
 
 BARLOW, PRINTER, BKNNKTT S HILL, BIRMINGHAM.
 
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