
 
 <\'l
 
 0^*_J? ^
 
 HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE CITY OF DUBLIN.
 
 HISTOKY 
 
 THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 BY J, T. GILBERT, M.RI.A,, 
 
 LIBRARIAN OF THE ROYAL IKISH ACADEMY; HON. SEC. IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL 
 AND CELTIC SOCIETY. 
 
 IN THREE VOLUMES 
 
 ci (Stmr 
 
 VOL. III. 
 
 DUBLIN : 
 JAMES DUFFY, 7, WELLINGTON-QUAY 
 
 AND 22, PATERNOSTER-ROW, LONDON. 
 
 1861.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGES. 
 
 HOGGES. NUNNERY OF ST. MARY HOGGEN GREEN. TRINITY 
 HALL IRISH COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. COLLEGE-GREEN. 
 STATUE OF WILLIAM III., 1-56 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 CARYE'S HOSPITAL, CHICHESTER HOUSE. THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE, 57-180 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE. THE OLD EXCHEQUER. ST. GEORGE'S 
 
 LANE. 'CHEQUER-LANE. GRAFTON-STEEET THE ROYAL 
 
 IRISH ACADEMY, 181-243 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 ST. PATRICK'S WELL. NASSAU-STREET MOLESWORTH FIELDS. 
 
 MOLESWORTH-8TRKBT. L.EINSTER HOUSE. KlLUARE-STREET. 
 
 DAWSON-STUKKT, 244-305 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. SUFFOLK-STREET HOG-HILI CHURCH- 
 LANE. TRINITY-LANE WILLIAM-STRKET, 306-350 
 
 2061054
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. 
 
 PAGFS. 
 
 I. Possessions of the Dissolved Nunnery of Hogges, Dublin, A. D. 
 
 1540, 351-355 
 
 II. An Account of the Rights of St. Andrew's Parish to part of 
 Darames-street, in controversy between the two Parishes of 
 St. Warburgh and St.' Andrews, 355-360 
 
 III. Schedule of Part of the Possessions of the Dissolved Nunnery of 
 
 Hogges, Dublin, A. D. 1550, 360 
 
 IV. Engravings executed by Andrew Miller, of Dublin, .... 361-362 
 V. A Catalogue f the Pictures, Sculptures, Models, Designs in Ar- 
 chitecture, Drawings, &c., exhibited by the Society of Artists 
 
 in Ireland, &c., at their Room in George's-lane, Dublin, Febru- 
 ary the Twelfth, 1765, being the First Tear of their Exhibition, 363-365 
 VI. A Catalogue of the Pictures, Sculptures, Models, Designs in Ar- 
 chitecture, Drawings, &c., exhibited by the Society of Artists 
 in Ireland, at their Exhibition-room in William-street, Dublin, 
 
 May 8, 1780 365-370 
 
 VII. Speakers of the House of Commons in the Parliament of Ireland, 370 
 
 VIII. Annuities granted to Officers of both Houses of the Parliament of 
 
 Ireland, at the Union with Great Britain, A.D. 1800, . . . 371-373 
 
 AUTHORITIES, 
 
 375-382
 
 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN, 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 HOGGES NUNNERY OF ST. MARY HOGGEN GREEN TRINITY 
 
 HALL IRISH COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS COLLEGE-GREEN 
 
 STATUE OF WILLIAM III. 
 
 THE ground at present occupied by " College-green" an- 
 ciently formed portion of a considerable village outside 
 the city of Dublin, styled " Hogges," or " Le Hogges," a 
 name apparently derived from the Teutonic word " Hoge" 
 or " Hoga" used to designate small hills or sepulchral mounds, 
 the existence of which in this locality was evidenced by the 
 vestiges found here in the reign of Charles I. 
 
 " In November, 1646," writes Sir James Ware, " as 
 people were employed in removing a little hill in the east sub- 
 urbs of the city of Dublin, in order to form a line of fortifi- 
 cation, there was discovered an ancient sepulchre, placed S. W. 
 and N.E., composed of eight black marble stones, of which 
 two made the covering, and were supported by the others. 
 The length of this monument was six feet two inches, the 
 breadth three feet one inch, and the thickness of the stone 
 three inches. At each corner of it was erected a stone four 
 feet high, and near it, at the S. W. end, another stone was 
 placed in the form of a pyramid six feet high, of a rustic work, 
 and of that kind of stone which is called a millstone. Vast 
 quantities of burnt coals, ashes, and human bones, some of 
 VOL. in. B
 
 2 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 which were in part burned and some only scorched, were 
 found in it, which was looked upon to be a work of the Ost- 
 men ; and erected by that people while they were heathens, 
 in memory of some petty prince or nobleman." The position 
 of this monument was denoted by a portion of it which ex- 
 isted down to the middle of the last century, known as the 
 " long stone, over against the College." A convent for nuns of 
 the rule of St. Augustin was erected on " Le Hogges," in 1 1 46, 
 by Dermod Mac Murchad, King of Leinster. Gregory, Arch- 
 bishop of Dublin, and Malachy, Primate of Armagh, are stated 
 to have been directors of this building, and generous benefactors 
 to it. Women under thirty years of age were not allowed to 
 enter the nunnery of St. Mary de Hogges ; to which, in 1 15 1 , the 
 cell of Kilclehin, in Kilkenny, and that of Athaddy, in Carlow, 
 were made subordinate by King Dermod, who, in 1166, also 
 founded on " Le Hogges " the priory of All Hallows, or All 
 Saints. Prince Donall Mac Gillamocholmog, the native ally 
 of the Anglo-Normans, marshalled his troops on " Le Hogges" 
 in 1171) when an attempt was made by the Northmen to re- 
 cover the city of Dublin, by an attack on the eastern gate ; 
 after their repulse from which the Irish pursued them with 
 great slaughter, as they retreated along this plain to their 
 ships. In the excavations on the southern side of College- 
 green, about the year 1817, various remains of weapons, sup- 
 posed to have been those used by the combatants in this 
 engagement, were discovered, and are now preserved in the 
 Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. The Nunnery of 
 Hogges is stated to have been rebuilt and endowed with se- 
 veral chapels and livings by King John, to reward the nuns 
 for having secreted in their house many of the English at a 
 period when the natives had formed a design to cut them off. 
 In mediaeval Latin documents the denizens of this establish- 
 ment are designated, " Moniales Sancta; Marias juxta Hogas." 
 From the Patent Rolls of Edward II., Henry IV., and Richard 
 II., we learn that the elections of their abbesses were made
 
 HOGGEN-GREEN. 3 
 
 by license from the King of England, and subject to his appro- 
 bation, which was usually conveyed through the Archbishop 
 of Dublin. From the name of " Hogges" the appellation of 
 " Hoggen-green" became gradually applied to this locality ; 
 in which, from an early period, public criminals were oc- 
 casionally executed. Adam O'Tuahal, surnamedZ)w&A, or the 
 dark-complexioned, a gentleman of the Leinster clan of O'Tua- 
 hal, was publicly burned, in 1327, on the "Hogges," pur- 
 suant to sentence passed upon him for having denied the in- 
 carnation of Christ, the doctrine of the Trinity, the chastity 
 of the Virgin Mary, the resurrection of the dead ; and for hav- 
 ing also asserted that the Holy Scriptures were fables, and that 
 the Apostolic See was erroneous. In 1487 the Earl of Kildare, 
 Lord Deputy, commanded the messenger from the Mayor of 
 Waterford to be hanged on Hoggen-green for having brought 
 word that the citizens of the " urbs intacta" would not es- 
 pouse the cause of Lambert Simnel. " A place on this Green 
 was anciently called * Hoggen Butt,' where the citizens had 
 butts for their exercise in archery ; and near them was a small 
 range of buildings called ' Tib and Tom,' where possibly the 
 citizens amused themselves at leisure times by playing at 
 keals or nine-pins. We find those buildings called Tib and 
 Tom' mentioned in the will of Richard, the first Earl of Cork, 
 as mortgaged to him by Theodore Lord Dockwra, and the 
 Lady Anne, his mother, for three hundred pounds, and rented 
 from the mortgagee by Sir Philip Percival, at twenty-four 
 pounds per annum." 
 
 When a Viceroy landed, the Sheriffs of Dublin, with a 
 troop of horse and trumpeters, proceeded to meet him at some 
 distance from the city ; and at Hoggen-green he was usually 
 received by the Mayor and Aldermen in their formalities. 
 Elections and public assemblies of the citizens were occasion- 
 ally held in this locality. We are told that in the year 
 1528, the Lord Deputy, Pierce Butler, Earl of Ossory, was 
 " invited to a new play every day in Christmas, Arland Ussher 
 B 2
 
 4 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 being then Mayor, and Francis Herbert and John Squire, 
 Bayliffs : wherein the Tailors acted the part of Adam and 
 Eve; the Shoemakers represented the story of Crispin and 
 Crispianus ; the Vintners acted Bacchus and his story ; the 
 Carpenters, that of Joseph and Mary; Vulcan, and what 
 related to him, were acted by the Smiths ; and the comedy of 
 Ceres, the goddess of corn, by the Bakers. Their stage was 
 erected on Hoggen-green, now called College-green ; and on 
 it the Priors of St. John of Jerusalem, of the Blessed Trinity, 
 and of All-Hallows, caused two plays to be acted : the one 
 representing the passion of our Saviour, and the other, the 
 several deaths which the Apostles suffered." On the dissolu- 
 tion of monastic establishments, the Priory of " All-Hallows," 
 or " All Saints," was granted by Henry VIII. to the citizens 
 of Dublin, as a recompense for their loyalty during the insur- 
 rection of Thomas Fitz Gerald, his Deputy in 1534. The 
 citizens, in the reign of Elizabeth, transferred their property 
 in the dissolved monastery to Adam Loftus, Archbishop of 
 Dublin, for the foundation of a University, which still pre- 
 serves the remembrance of its original position, being: styled, 
 in official documents, the " College of the Holy and Undivided 
 Trinity, near Dublin." Mary Guidon is stated to have been 
 the last Abbess of the Nunnery of St. Mary of Hogges, which 
 on its dissolution was found to be possessed of various houses 
 in the city, and lands in the counties of Dublin, Meath, and 
 Kildare ; the official return of which, made A. D. 1540, will be 
 found in the Appendix. The roofing and building materials 
 of the Nunnery were carried away by William Brabazon, 
 the Bang's sub-treasurer, to be used in repairing the Castle 
 of Dublin ; and in 1550 the following application, relative to 
 the site of the institution, was made to the English Privy 
 Council by the Government of Ireland : 
 
 " May it please yo r Hono rs . That we, lately pondering 
 amonge other thaffaires of the publique weale, thonely dekaye 
 of this realme to reste princypally in the ydle people uny ver-
 
 NUNNERY OF HOGGES. 5 
 
 sally inhabyting the same, and wayeng therw th the lading 
 and conveyance of woll, tallowe, butters, lynnen yarne and 
 other suche lyke commodyties, which being dayly transported 
 from hens to other outvvarde p'ties ys bothe thoccasion of suche 
 ydlenes, and hathe brought the same to so greate a darthe 
 and skarsytie as the lyke here hathe not byn sene theas many 
 yeares. For redres whereof we have lately stayed the saide 
 wares, and like as wee wolde humbly desyre that no lycence 
 upon any pry vate suete n [three or four words obliterated] 
 shoulde be graunted, to the prejudyce of this realme, so have 
 we given order that none shall passe the same w th oute re- 
 straynte & forfayture, to thintent that the m'chants (who 
 have byn chief ely thoccasion of this so greate a rnyschiefe) 
 should studye and practise thuse of those commodyties aniongs 
 themselves ; and for the suerty of this poore lande (whiche, 
 as we before saide, thoroughe ydlenes ys totally subvertid) ; 
 see the people sett to labo r and worke, as they doo in other 
 countries, whoose common weales by mayntenance of artificers 
 doo floorishe and prosper. And for that one Rycharde Fyante, 
 a merchante here of the citie of Dublin, who to his power 
 study eth the preferremente of the common weale, as in his late 
 Mayeraltie he honestely declared, ys very desyrous in this 
 case to be a preasidente to others here, so as he moght ob- 
 tayne som plott of grounde mete for that purpose, his humble 
 suete to us ys that, in consideration therof, we wolde be pe- 
 tycioners to y r Honours for y e fee farme of the scyte and pre- 
 cyncte of the late housse or Nonnery, called the Hogges, 
 besides the said citie (nowe ruynous, & nothing remaynyng 
 but the walles) with such small parcells as lye aboute the same, 
 payeng therfore the yerely rente yt nowe goeth for ; the cer- 
 tenty wherof being not greate shall appeare to yo r wisdomes 
 by a schedule here inclosed. Wherin we thought good to 
 move yo r Hon 19 , and likewise upon this honeste grounde to 
 beseche the same (forasmoche as the saide Richarde Fyante 
 stondeth bounde to the King's use in two hundreth pound's
 
 6 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 aswell to buylde apon the same scyte as to erecte and con- 
 tynue vi. lowraes of lynnen and wollen yarne (as may appere 
 by the copie of the saide bonde herew th sente), whiche wilbe 
 the mayntenance of a grete nomber of persons nowe ydle), to 
 further hym in this his suete, and to graunte hym suche state 
 therin as yo r wisdomes (in respecte of his honeste meanyng) 
 shall thinke expediente. And thus we beseche the lyving God 
 long to pres r ve yo r Hono rs to his pleasure. From Kylmaynan', 
 the xxi th of October, 1550. 
 
 " Yo r Honors to commande, 
 Thomas Cusake, Cancell r . Antony Sentleg r . 
 Edwarde Miden'. Raphe Bagenall. 
 
 Thorn's Lutrell, Justice. Gerald Aylm r , Justic'. 
 
 Patrick Barnewall, M r . R'les. Will'm Brabazon. 
 Thorn's Houeth, Justice. John Travers. 
 
 Edwarde Basnet. Thorn's Lokwod, Dean. 
 
 To the King's Majesties moste honorable 
 Counsaill in England yeove tkeas. 
 
 The schedule referred to in the preceding document will 
 be found in the Appendix. The bond of Richard Fiant is as 
 follows :- 
 
 " Memorand" quod xxi. die Octobris, anno regni Regis Edwardi 
 Sexti-quartO) Ricardus Fyan' de Dublin', mercator perso- 
 naliter comparens coram Domino Rege in Cancellaria sua 
 Hibernie recognovit se debere dicto Domino Regi ducentas 
 libras legalis monete Hibernie fde 1 bonis catallis terris et ten' 
 suis ad opus dicti Domini Regis levand'. 
 
 " The condicion of this recognisance is soche, That if 
 thabovebounden Richard Fian, or his assignees, within oon' 
 yeare next after assuraunce by o r moost drad Souv r ain Lord the 
 Kinges Majestic to be made unto him of the scite and precincte 
 of the late Howse of Nonry called the Hogges, besides Dublin', 
 in fee fearme or otherwise to him and to his heires : do aswell
 
 HOGGEN-GREEN. 7 
 
 buylde upon the same scyte, as erecte, set upp, and contynue 
 six loonies of lynnen & wullen yarne, for seven years next after 
 the said assurance made, w th weivers, spynners, and outher 
 lyke laborers, for making of wullen and lynnen cloathe. That 
 then this recognisance to be voied, otherwise to stand in full 
 force and effect. 
 
 " Copia vera, examinat per me, 
 
 " Nicholaum Stany hurst, Clericum Hanaperij." 
 
 Ambrose Forth is rnetioned in 1612 as owner of the late 
 Abbey "de le Hoggs," and of half a messuage in "Men- 
 sion's Fields," also of a certain piece of land called " Men- 
 sion's Mantle." So late as the year 1701, a "garden, &c., 
 part of the dissolved Monastery of the Hoggs," was claimed, 
 under a lease of 1679, by Elizabeth Fisher, before the Com- 
 missioners of the Irish Forfeited Estates. 
 
 On the 20th of June, 1603, Dr. Lucas Chaloner, one of the 
 original Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, Sir James Ware, 
 father of the learned historian, Sir John King, and Sir James 
 Carroll, presented a petition to the Corporation of the city, 
 soliciting assistance to enable some well-disposed persons to 
 have a Bridewell, or house of correction and labour, erected 
 for the reception of the numerous vagrants, many of them 
 able-bodied, who, resorting hither from the country, endan- 
 gered the lives of the citizens by introducing contagion. The 
 petition was approved of, and a deputation, consisting of the 
 Mayor and three members of the Corporation, having been 
 appointed to confer with the memorialists upon a plan for for- 
 warding so desirable a work, a portion of Hoggen-green was 
 vested in six trustees three nominated by the Corporation, 
 and three by the petitioners on which ground was to be 
 erected a Bridewell, to be under the jurisdiction of the Corpo- 
 ration. As the edifice was to be erected by the petitioners 
 at their own cost, a proviso was introduced, that if, by any 
 fault of the .Corporation, the building should be converted to
 
 8 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 any other use than that of a Bridewell, the property should 
 .then become vested in the trustees appointed by the petitioners, 
 until such time as it should be re-established as a Bridewell. 
 These conditions were agreed to by the Corporation on the 
 27th of January, 1603, and subsequently confirmed ; but some 
 litigation appears to have arisen with George Breddam, the 
 person employed to build the Bridewell, who, having petitioned 
 the Privy Council for repayment of the amount which he had 
 advanced, the matter was referred to the report of two persons, 
 who recommended that forty pounds should be paid to Bred- 
 dam in full satisfaction of all his demands, and on his delivering 
 up the building in complete order. On a rehearing of the case, 
 on the 1st of September in the following year, an order was 
 issued, directing the Mayor of Dublin, on the part of the Cor- 
 poration, to take a review of the expenditure, and that the 
 Corporation should pay the amount so found to be due, within 
 twenty days, to Breddam ; or, in case they refused to do so, 
 it was ordered that Sir John King and Sir James Carroll, 
 Knights, two of the original petitioners, should have the house 
 called Bridewell, on paying the amount found due on the new 
 inquiry. The Mayor of Dublin and Sir James Ware, the re- 
 ferees on this occasion, reported, in October, 1616, that Bred- 
 dam was satisfied to take thirty-two pounds, English, in lieu 
 of all his demands; but neither the Corporation nor the trus- 
 tees for the original petitioners were disposed to pay the costs 
 of building; which, on the llth of December, 1616, was 
 offered by the Lord Deputy to Trinity College, for the sum 
 of thirty pounds. This oifer having been accepted, the Cor- 
 poration conveyed the ground on which the house was erected 
 to the College, on the " condition that it was to be converted 
 into a college hall or free school ; from which time it took the 
 name of Trinity Hall, and was subsequently occupied by 
 certain students of the College, until the breaking out of the 
 Civil War, during which the Hall was neglected, the College 
 not being then in a condition to look after it ; the consequence
 
 TRINITY HALL. 
 
 of which neglect was, that the Corporation had thoughts of 
 re-assuming the Hall, because it was not employed for the 
 purpose intended by them. The College, having notice of the 
 intention of the Corporation, consulted how they could frus- 
 trate the design of depriving them of the Hall. It was pro- 
 posed that they should make a lease of the premises ; but this 
 plan was objected to by Dr. Stearne, on the grounds that 
 making a lease of the premises would be more contrary to the 
 intent of the conveyance by the Corporation to the College 
 than any former neglect on their part, and consequently would 
 give greater advantage to the other party in prosecuting their 
 design. Dr. Stearne then proposed to the Provost and Fel- 
 lows that he should be constituted President of Trinity Hall 
 during his life, and be accommodated with lodgings therein 
 on certain conditions ; the chief of which were, to keep out 
 the Corporation, to repair the Hall without any expense to 
 the College, and to convert the remainder of so much of the 
 house as should be allotted to him for his accommodation to 
 the sole and proper use of physicians ; and lastly, that the 
 College should for ever have the power of nominating the 
 President of Trinity Hall. Upon the acceptance of this pro- 
 posal, which was made about the year 1654, Dr. Stearne was 
 appointed President, and expended above one hundred pounds 
 on repairing the building, for the purpose of accommodating 
 physicians with a convenient place to meet in until the estab- 
 lishing of a College of Physicians could be accomplished. By 
 this arrangement the design of the Corporation was completely 
 baffled, and the full intent and purpose of the original con- 
 veyance carried into effect." 
 
 The earliest document known relative to the establishment 
 of a College of Physicians in Ireland is the following letter 
 from Charles I. to Viscount Falkland, Deputy Governor of 
 Ireland, issued in 1626, nine years subsequent to the foun- 
 dation of the London College by James I. :
 
 10 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 " CHARLES REX Right trusty and well beloved Cossen 
 and Councellor, Wee greete you well. The zeale which our 
 late deare Father, of blessed memory, hath always had to re- 
 duce that our Kingdom of Ireland to civility, and to an uniforme 
 manner of Government with this our Realme of England, 
 whereby the same may flourish to the Glory of God, our ho- 
 nour, and the benefitt and comfort of all our subjects and In- 
 habitants, is not unknowne, nor can be hidden from so many 
 as have observed the sundry alterations tending to that perfec- 
 tion to which the same hath attained since the beginning of 
 our said father's Reigne. For the better effecting whereof our 
 Father was daily studious to establish in the said Kingdom 
 such laudable and profitable things for Civill Administra- 
 tion, as might not onely conforme the same to the President 
 of this our Realme of England, but also to propagate and ad- 
 vance the honor and estimation of that our Kingdom : Wee, 
 therefore, in imitation of so Royall an example, have now taken 
 into our consideration that the establishing and practice of 
 Learning and humane Sciences is not a little available there- 
 unto ; and amongst others that laudable and necessary art of 
 Physick, the practise whereof, as we are informed, is daily 
 abused in that our Kingdom by wandering ignorant mounte- 
 banks and Empyricks, who, for want of restraint, do much 
 abound, to the daily impaireing of the healths, and Hazarding 
 of the Lives in generall of our good subjects there. For the 
 reformation of which abuse, Wee think it fitt, upon your re- 
 commendation, and hereby doe require, and authorize you, with 
 the advice of some of our learned Councill there, by Letters 
 patents to be made and past from us, our Heires and suc- 
 cessors, under the great scale of that our Realme To erect 
 in our Citty of Dublin, in that our Kingdom, a colledge, so- 
 ciety, and corporation of Physicians, according to the Rule and 
 forme of the Charter heretofore granted to the Physicians in 
 our Citty of London for the incorporating of them. And also
 
 TRINITY HALL. 1 1 
 
 to have all and every such articles and priviledges in as ample 
 and beneficiall manner as the Physicians of our Citty of London 
 doe now lawfully enjoy by virtue of any Act of Parliament or 
 Letters patents. And moreover, to erect the said Colledge, 
 Society, and Corporation of Physicians by such name of Foun- 
 dation, and to be a body consisting of such and so many per- 
 sons to be incorporated by such names as to them, the said 
 Physitians, shall seem meet to have a perpetuall continu- 
 ance and succession, with licence and authority to them and 
 their successors for the better maintenance of the said colledge 
 and society, to purchase Manners, Lands, Tenements, and Here- 
 ditaments in that our Kealme in Mortmaine, not exceeding the 
 yearly value of Forty pounds per annum Irish, To be houlden 
 of us, our heirs and successors, as of our Castle of Dublin, in ffree 
 and common soccage, and not in Capite, nor by knight's service ; 
 and likewise to purchase to them and their successors Goods 
 and Chatties, reall and personall. And our further pleasure is 
 to give power to the said society and corporation of Physicians 
 to make such laws and ordinances for the Government and 
 well ordering of the said Colledge, and the persons members 
 of that colledge, and professing Phy sick within that Citty, and 
 twenty miles thereof, and of the Kevenues and possessions there- 
 of as they from time to time shall think fitt, or as the colledge 
 of Physicians in England may lawfully doe. And that the 
 said Society and Corporation may alter or abrogate the said 
 Laws or ordinances, or any of them, and to make new, to the 
 same effect, as they shall think good, so as the same be not re- 
 pugnant to the Laws and Statutes of that our realme. And 
 these our letters shall be as well unto you, our Deputy and 
 Chancellor there now being, as to any other Deputy, Chief Go- 
 vernor or Governors, Chancellor or Keeper of the Great Scale 
 of that our Kingdom, which hereafter for the time shall be, 
 and to all other our officers and ministers there to whome it 
 shall or may apperteyne, and to every of them, sufficient war- 
 rant and discharge in that behalf. Given under our signett at
 
 12 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 our pallace of Westminster, the fifth day of August, in the 
 second yeare of our Reigne. 
 
 " To our right trusty and well beloved cousin and coun- 
 cellor the Lord Viscount Falkland our Deputy Generall of our 
 realme of Ireland, and to our Chancellor there now being, and 
 to any other Deputy, Chief Governor or Governors, Chancellor 
 or Keeper of the great scale of that our Kingdom, which here- 
 after for the time shall be, and to all other our officers and mi- 
 nisters there, to whome it shall or may apperteyne, and to 
 every of them." 
 
 Dr. William Bedell, shortly after his appointment to the 
 Provostship of Trinity College, wrote, in a letter to Archbishop 
 Ussher, dated London, 1628 : " At my being in Dublin there 
 came to me one Dr. de Laune, a physician bred in Immanuel 
 College [Cambridge] , who in speech with me discovered their 
 purpose to procure a patent, like to that which the College of 
 Physicians hath in London." In another letter, written from 
 Hornsheath, April 15, 1628, also addressed to Ussher, Bedell 
 writes : " I suppose it hath been an error all this while to ne- 
 glect the faculties of Law and Physic, and attend only to the 
 ordering of one poor College of divines." 
 
 " Although," writes Dr. Aquilla Smith, " it does not ap- 
 pear that any immediate benefit was derived by the physicians 
 from the King's letter, still the intention of Provost Bedell to 
 establish a faculty of Physic in Trinity College was not lost 
 sight of; and accordingly, in 1637, a Regius Professor of Physic 
 was nominated. 
 
 " The general interruption to public business which was 
 caused by the breaking out of the Civil War created further 
 delays; and the next and most important step yet taken towards 
 the establishing a College of Physicians in Ireland was the 
 appointment of Dr. John Stearne, about the year 1654, as 
 President of Trinity Hall, which was at that time set apart 
 'for the sole and proper use of physicians;' and thus the 
 matter stood until the Restoration of Charles II., on the 29th
 
 TRINITY HALL. 13 
 
 of May, 166^. Anew Provost, Fellows, and Scholars were 
 then appointed in Trinity College ; and to them Dr. Stearne 
 renewed his proposals, on the 18th of February, 166f. The 
 chief terms of those propositions were, that Trinity Hall 
 and the ground attached to it should be set apart in perpe- 
 tuity for the advancement of the study of physic in Ireland ; 
 and that Dr. Stearne should be constituted President of the 
 Hall during his life, and have the privilege of residing on the 
 premises, or any other building which might hereafter be raised 
 on the same ground ; that the President shall call into a 
 fraternity able physicians, who, together with him, were to en- 
 deavour to raise funds for additional buildings, and to procure 
 a charter of incorporation for the physicians ; that the nomi- 
 nation of the President of Trinity Hall should always remain 
 with the Provost and Fellows of Trinity College ; and lastly, 
 that the President and fraternity shall, if demanded, meet to 
 consult upon the best means for the recovery of the Provost 
 and Fellows, or their successors, whenever any of them shall 
 happen to be sick. 
 
 " These proposals were approved of by the Provost and Fel- 
 lows ; and a deed or instrument was ordered to be drawn up, 
 binding each party to the performance of the conditions ; it 
 was executed on the 22nd of the same month, but was after- 
 wards cancelled, from what cause does not appear, and was re- 
 newed and duly executed on the 22nd of April following; and 
 Dr. Stearne was thereby constituted President of Trinity Hall ; 
 and on the 3rd of June, 1662, he was elected public Professor 
 of Medicine in Trinity College during life, and was sworn into 
 office by the Vice-Chancellor on the following day. In the 
 meantime the requisite measures were taken for effecting the 
 incorporation of a College of Physicians in Dublin ; and on 
 the 8th of August, 1667, the Physicians received their first 
 charter from King Charles II. The title of the new corpo- 
 ration was, ' The President and College of Physicians,' which 
 consisted of fourteen Fellows, including the President, Dr.
 
 14 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Stearne, who was appointed to that office. The second name 
 in the list of Fellows is that of the celebrated Sir William Petty, 
 who was also a Fellow of the College of Physicians in London. 
 [The other Fellows mentioned in the charter are Edward 
 Dynham, Abraham Yarner, Joseph Waterhouse, William Cur- 
 rer, Robert Waller, Thomas Margetson, Nathaniel Henshaw, 
 Samuel Seiclamore, Jeremiah Hall, Charles Willoughby, John 
 Unmusique, John Cusacke.] The College had jurisdiction 
 over the medical practitioners in Dublin, and within seven 
 miles thereof; and no person without its license could practise 
 medicine within these limits, under a penalty of five pounds 
 for each offence. The College was also authorized to have a 
 common seal, and to sue and be sued in the name of the Pre- 
 sident in any court of law in Ireland ; and every clause was 
 to be construed, as the charter expresses it, ' in maximum ad- 
 vantagium' of the College. They were empowered to acquire 
 property to the value of 100 per annum ; to meet as often as 
 they choose ; to make by-laws ; and elect Fellows, subject to 
 the approval of the Lord Lieutenant or his deputy. The 
 Provost, Fellows, and Scholars of Trinity College, provided 
 they settled Trinity Hall, and the lands appertaining to it, on 
 the College of Physicians, were, after the death of Dr. Stearne, 
 to have the privilege of nominating a President annually, which 
 election was also subject to the approval of the Lord Lieute- 
 nant. Immediately after the incorporation of the Physicians, 
 Trinity Hall was granted in trust to Matthew Barry and 
 Lancelot Sandes, for the use of the College of Physicians. 
 And, as one of the original articles had not been provided for 
 in the charter, a new agreement was entered into, by which 
 the College of Physicians were bound < to meet and con- 
 sult, without fees, upon the best means for the recovery of the 
 Provost and Fellows, and their successors, whenever they or 
 any of them shall happen to be sick or diseased.' Dr. Stearne 
 having fulfilled all the conditions required of him by the deed 
 of 1 66 1 , the Board of Trinity College, on the 9th of September,
 
 TRINITY HALL. 15 
 
 1667, ordered to be entered on the Kegistry, that Dr. Stearne 
 had fully discharged the trust in him reposed." 
 
 John Stearne, whose claims upon the gratitude ofthe medical 
 profession in Ireland have hitherto been almost unknown, was 
 born at Ardbraccan, in the county of Meath, on the 26th of 
 November, 1 624, in the house of his grand-uncle, James Ussher, 
 then Bishop of Meath. In his fifteenth year he entered Trinity 
 College, of which he became a Fellow ; he was a Doctor of 
 Medicine, also of Canon and Civil Law; and in 1656 he was 
 elected the first Hebrew Lecturer in the University. Dr. 
 Stearne was a man of profound learning, and the author of 
 several works. From the subjects on which he wrote, it 
 would appear, says Dr. A. Smith, " that he was more inclined to 
 the study of Divinity than to that of his own profession ; still 
 it is certain that his medical practice was very considerable, 
 for, in 1655, at his own request, the Provost and Fellows did, 
 * in consideration of Dr. Stearne's practice of physic, grant 
 unto him full liberty to lie in the city of Dublin or elsewhere, 
 whenever, in his discretion, his physical employments shall re- 
 quire his absence any night from the College.' And again, 
 in 1661, the Board of Trinity College ordered that on account 
 of the remoteness of Trinity Hall from Trinity College, and 
 Dr. Stearne's practice of physic, < he shall not be penally 
 obliged to be present at College prayers, unless he be there- 
 unto specially required ; and that he receive his commons in 
 money.' Nor were these the only favours conferred on him ; 
 for, being a married man, he was granted a dispensation for 
 holding his Fellowship and other College preferments, not- 
 withstanding the Statutes. Dr. Stearne died on the 18th of 
 November, 1669, in the forty-fifth year of his age, and was 
 buried in the vaults of the College Chapel. A tablet erected 
 to his memory is still in good preservation, and may be seen 
 'affixed to the outer wall near the entrance to the vaults, near 
 the monument of Provost Browne; and although it bears 
 record of his being Collegii Medicorum Praeses primus,' his
 
 16 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 right to this distinction has been usually conferred on one of 
 his successors." 
 
 " On the 27th of January, 167^, notice was given to 
 Trinity College that the Presidentship of the College of Phy- 
 sicians was vacant by their charter ; and Sir Abraham Yarner, 
 Knt., was appointed. Dr. Ralph Howard, Public Professor 
 of Medicine, was elected in 1674; and in 1677 he was suc- 
 ceeded by Dr. Robert Waller; and in 1681 Dr. Patrick 
 Dun was chosen President. In June, 1687, a circumstance 
 occurred, which for a short time created some dissension 
 between Trinity College and the Physicians. Dr. Connor 
 and Dr. Dunn waited on the Provost, and intimated that Dr. 
 Crosby had been chosen President of the College of Physicians, 
 and requested that the appointment might be confirmed. It 
 appears that in 1680 certain articles had been agreed to by the 
 College and the Physicians, whereby each party was bound, 
 under a penalty of 300, to the performance of the conditions 
 mutually agreed on. By one of these articles Trinity College 
 was obliged to confirm the nomination of a President by the 
 College of Physicians, provided the person chosen was a Pro- 
 testant of the Church of Ireland. On this occasion, Dr. Crosby, 
 who had been elected, was a Roman Catholic, and the confirma- 
 tion of his appointment was refused by the Provost and Fellows. 
 The Physicians forthwith proposed that the agreement of 1680 
 should be cancelled, which offer was accepted, provided they 
 would deliver up all the documents in their custody relating 
 to Trinity Hall ; and an offer was also made to make a lease of 
 the Hall for forty years to the Physicians, on such terms as 
 might be agreed on. On the 19th of May, 1688, the Physi- 
 cians again sought for a reason why Trinity College refused to 
 confirm the nomination of Dr. Crosby, and the same reply was 
 given as on the former occasion. It appears, then, that the 
 College of Physicians was without a President from 1687 to 
 October the 18th, 1690, when Sir Patrick Dun was duly con- 
 stituted President for the year following. A few years' ex-
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 17 
 
 perience proved how insufficient were the powers conferred by 
 the Charter towards the checking of quackery and empiricism, 
 the practice of which had increased ; with a view to put a stop 
 to these evils, the Physicians presented a petition to Lord 
 Viscount Sydney, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, praying that 
 a new charter might be granted, similar to that of the London 
 College ; and also that they might have one of the forfeited 
 houses for a College Hall, and five or six acres of ground in 
 the vicinity of Dublin, for the purpose of establishing a Physic 
 Garden. The petition was referred to Sir John Temple, At- 
 torney-General for Ireland, to report his opinion thereon ; 
 and on the 3rd of September, 1692, he recommended that 
 it might be forwarded to their Majesties ; and on the 29th of 
 the same month Lord Sydney received the royal authority to 
 have a new charter made out with as little delay as possible 
 after the surrender of the old one. On the 14th of December, 
 1692, the original charter was surrendered by Dr. Duncan 
 Cumyng to the Lord Chancellor; and on the 23rd of June 
 in the following year the College of Physicians received the 
 new charter, and thereby acquired more extended privileges 
 than they enjoyed before. This charter, together with sub- 
 sequent Acts of Parliament, are the authorities under which 
 the College is at present constituted." 
 
 Trinity Hall appears to have been demolished early in the 
 last century : and a portion of its site is occupied by the Alms 
 House of St. Andrew's Parish. The present Trinity-street, 
 formerly known as " Trinity-lane," received its name from 
 Trinity Hall, from which the hill on which St. Andrew's 
 Church stands was also occasionally styled " Trinity Mount." 
 
 Various gardens, orchards, and a " madder garden," ex- 
 isted in the immediate vicinity of Hoggen-green, in the rei<rn 
 of Charles I. Edmund Ludlow, Commander of the Forces 
 in Ireland during the Protectorate, writing of the transactions 
 herein 1659, says: "Before my departure the Mayor and 
 Aldermen of Dublin, having formed the Militia of that place, 
 
 VOL. in. c
 
 18 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 whereof both officers and soldiers had taken the engagement, 
 they were desirous to give some publick expression of their 
 affection to the Commonwealth ; and to that end, on the day 
 Idesigned to embark, they drew their forces into the field, con- 
 sisting of about twelve hundred foot, and one hundred and 
 twenty horse, that I might view them, and report to the Par- 
 liament their readiness to serve the public. Accordingly, the 
 Commissioners, in their coaches, and I, with the officers of the 
 army, on horseback, took a view of them as they were drawn 
 up on the College-green, being all very well equipped, and 
 drawn up in good order, and indeed so exact in the perfor- 
 mance of their exercise that one would have thought them to 
 have been long in the service. Here they repeated their reso- 
 lutions to serve the cause of God and their country, with the 
 utmost of their endeavours, and promised to live and die with 
 us in the assertion of our just rights and liberties. When 
 they had finished their exercise, I took leave of each officer, at 
 the head of his respective company, and went that evening to 
 my house at Moncktown, in order to imbark for England. 
 The Commissioners of the Parliament did me the honour to 
 accompany me about half a mile out of town, and the officers 
 of the army would have attended me to my house ; but, be- 
 cause it was late I," adds Ludlow, " would not permit Sir 
 Hardress Waller and the rest of the officers to go further 
 than half way." 
 
 In addition to " Chichester House," the history of which 
 is given in the following chapter, there stood on College- 
 green, in the reign of Charles II., the residences of two dis- 
 tinguished noblemen, the Lords Charlemont and Clancarty. 
 William, second Viscount Charlemont, the most distinguished 
 soldier produced by the Caulfeild family, with the exception 
 of its founder, the gallant Sir Toby, was attainted in the 
 Parliament of 1689, for having aided the Prince of Orange ; 
 and during the progress of the northern campaign his estates 
 in Ulster were reduced to a condition of complete sterility by
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 19 
 
 the veteran Jacobite, Major Sir Teague (Tadhg) O'Regan. 
 After the termination of the Irish wars of the Revolution, he 
 took a prominent part in the proceedings of the House of 
 Lords, was appointed Colonel of a Regiment of Infantry, and 
 subsequently highly distinguished himself in Spain, under the 
 eccentric Earl of Peterborough. In the assault on Barcelona, 
 in 1705, Lord Charlemont commanded the first brigade, at 
 the head of which he stormed the town. At the siege of the 
 almost impregnable city of Montjuich, he " behaved with all 
 imaginable bravery, and, at the attack of the fort, marched 
 into the works at the head of his men, was near the Prince of 
 Hesse when he fell, and continued during the heat of that 
 action to perform his duty with great resolution ; which, when 
 ended, the Earl of Peterborough presented his Lordship and 
 Colonel Southwell to the King of Spain, as officers who had 
 done his Majesty signal service, for which they received his 
 thankful acknowledgments." Lord Charlemont, subsequently 
 created a Major-General and Privy Councillor, died at his 
 house on College-green, in 1 726, and was then reputed to be 
 the oldest nobleman in Great Britain, having been a peer for 
 more than fifty-five years. 
 
 The title of Earl of Clancarty was conferred, in 1658, on 
 Donogh, son of Viscount Muskerry, representative of the an- 
 cient hereditary Princes of Desmond, or South Munster. The 
 Earl of Clancarty, "who," said the Duke of Ormond, " was 
 the only person in the world from whom I never did, nor ever 
 would have concealed the greatest and most important secret 
 of my soul," commanded the royal army in Munster during 
 the wars of 1641, and served with distinction on the Conti- 
 nent after the reduction of Ireland by Cromwell. 
 
 A letter of the Duke of Ormond to the Earl of Arran, in 
 
 January, 1681, mentions that a report was circulated that the 
 
 former " had been seen to receive the sacrament in the Romish 
 
 way at his sister Clancarty V [on College-green]. This he 
 
 c2
 
 20 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 strenuously denied, and remarked that they might as truly 
 swear that he had been " circumcised in Christ Church ;" 
 adding: " The credulous that trust in prints will never hear 
 or consider that I could have as many masses and sacraments 
 as I had a mind to, brought me, and more secretly, into my 
 lodging, than to go anywhere abroad for them ; that the laity 
 never have the sacrament given them (unless they are sick) 
 but at mass ; that masses are never said but in the morning ; 
 and I defy any body to prove that ever I was to see my sister, 
 this twenty years, but in an afternoon." In March, 1689, 
 the Count D' Avaux " made his solemn entry into Dublin as 
 ambassador from the French King ; proceeded from the Earl 
 of Clancarty' s house, near the College, attended by the guards, 
 and a great number of Irish, and many officers and gentlemen, 
 to the Castle," where, having audience of James II., he deli- 
 vered a lengthened discourse in advocacy of the repeal of the 
 Act of Settlement. 
 
 By his wife, Eleanor Butler, sister of the Duke of Or- 
 mond, the Earl of Clancarty had three sons : Callaghan, 
 his successor ; Charles, Lord Muskerry, who fell in a bloody 
 sea-fight with the Dutch, in 1665 ; and Justin Mac Carthy, 
 Lord Mountcashel, who married the second daughter of the 
 great Earl of Strafford, was created Lieutenant-General of 
 the Irish Jacobite troops, which he commanded during the 
 northern war of 1689, and in the succeeding year headed the 
 corps forming the first Irish Brigade in the service of France, 
 where he died in 1694. Donogh Mac Carthy, third Earl of 
 Clancarty, embraced the cause of James II., whom he actively 
 supported in the field, and his regiment was consequently 
 created a Royal Regiment of Guards. He was also appointed 
 a Lord of the Bedchamber, and entertained King James 
 when he landed in Cork from France in 1689. After the 
 evacuation of Dublin by the Jacobites, the Williamite Go- 
 vernment took possession of " Clancarty House" on College-
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 21 
 
 green, whence we find the Lords Justices from that period 
 dating their despatches and proclamations, and we are told 
 that 
 
 " Thursday, the 20th October, 1690, being the anniversary 
 of the former Irish Rebellion, which broke out in this Kingdom 
 on the 23rd of October, 1641, was observed in this city with 
 great solemnity. The Lords Justices, attended by all the 
 Lords spiritual and temporal, judges, officers of the army, 
 and others the gentry in and about the city of Dublin, went 
 from Clancarty House to St. Patrick's Church, with the 
 King-at-Arms, Herald-at-Arms, and other officers in their 
 formalities. After an excellent sermon they returned in the 
 like order, where a splendid entertainment was prepared. At 
 the second course at dinner, the King and Herald-at-Arms, 
 with the maces before them, came before the Lords Justices, 
 and in Latin, French, and English proclaimed their Ma- 
 jesties' titles, as on such solemnities is usual. The day was 
 ended with ringing of bells, bonfires, and other demonstrations 
 of public joy." 
 
 " His Majesty's birthday (4th November, 1690) was 
 observed here with all the splendour this city could afford. 
 The Militia thereof, consisting of 2500 foot, two troops of 
 horse, and two troops of dragoons, all well clothed and armed, 
 were drawn out and gave several vollies. In the evening 
 there was a very fine fire-work before the Lords Justices' 
 house, on College-green, during which a hogshead of claret, 
 set out in the street by order of the Lords Justices, was by 
 the people drunk out in their Majesties' healths. Most of the 
 Nobility and Gentry in and about the city were invited by 
 the Lords Justices to a splendid entertainment and banquet, 
 and the day ended with ringing of bells, bonfires in all 
 parts of the city, and all other demonstrations of public joy and 
 satisfaction. The next day, being the anniversary of the 
 Popish Powder-plot, the Lords Justices, attended by the 
 nobility, judges, and other persons of quality in town, with
 
 22 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 the King and Herald-at-arms, and the ensigns of honour car- 
 ried before them, went to St. Patrick's Church, and, after 
 their return from thence, the Lords Justices gave the nobility, 
 &c., a great entertainment. Their Majesties' titles being, at 
 the second course, proclaimed in Latin, French, and English, 
 by the King-at-Arms, as on such solemnities is usual. The 
 great guns were discharged at the same time (as they were the 
 day before), and that the common people might share in the 
 satisfaction of this day, the Lords Justices ordered an ox to 
 be roasted whole, which, with a hogshead of strong beer, was 
 given among them ; and at night the public joy was expressed 
 by bonfires, with all other demonstrations of it becoming the 
 occasion." 
 
 Among the " Lanesborough Manuscripts," in the Library 
 of Trinity College, Dublin, is extant a short poem, entitled, 
 " Advice to a Painter to draw the late Ball at Clancarty 
 House." 
 
 The Earl of Clancarty was taken prisoner at Cork by 
 Marlborough, in 1690, and imprisoned in the Tower of 
 London, from which he escaped to France in 1694, having 
 been appointed by James II. to succeed Sarsfield, Earl of 
 Lucan, as Commander of the Second Irish Troop of Guards. 
 His vast estates, equivalent at the present day to 200,000 
 per annum, were seized by Cromwellian and Williamite colo- 
 lonists, and he died in exile at Altona, in 1734. His son, 
 whose title was indisputable, owing to his having been a 
 minor at the Revolution, and claiming under a marriage set- 
 tlement, endeavoured to recover his patrimonial estates, but 
 his efforts were rendered abortive by the devices of the colo- 
 nial occupants, who procured an Act outlawing all lawyers 
 who should undertake his cause. " Of the race of Eoghan 
 M6r" wrote Charles O'Conor, " the Mac Carthys were the 
 first and the greatest : the oldest Milesian family in Ireland, 
 and one of the most celebrated. Out of the wrecks of time 
 and fortune, Donogh, the late Earl of Clancarty, had re-
 
 COLLEGE-GREKN. 23 
 
 served in his family an estate of ten or twelve thousand pounds 
 a year ; a fair possession of more than two thousand years' 
 standing, the oldest, perhaps, in the world, but forfeited in 
 the days of our fathers. Robert, the present [1760] Earl of 
 Clancarty, a nobleman of the strictest probity, a sea officer 
 of the greatest valour and experience, lives now abroad, on an 
 exhibition umvorthy of his family and merit, the hard fate of 
 one worthy of a better." 
 
 In 1696 the Countess Dowager of Clancarty resided in 
 Dover-street, London. Clancarty House was standing on 
 College-green so late as the year 1743. 
 
 " As I passed from the King's Stationer," writes John 
 Dunton in 1698, " I met with an honest gentleman, with 
 whom I was formerly acquainted in London ; 'twas my worthy 
 friend Dr. Smith, of College-green, near Dublin ; his cha- 
 racter is above my pen, yet I may venture to say he is a man 
 of extraordinary sense, and the only physician I desire to 
 commit the care of my health to in the whole country : he 
 invited me to his house, and when I came he gave me a hearty 
 welcome ; and for his treat, though 'twas very genteel, yet 
 nothing seemed so agreeable to me as the Doctor's company." 
 
 On College-green resided Sir Edward Barry, Bart., M.D., 
 author of " A Treatise on a Consumption of the Lungs ; with 
 a previous Account of Nutrition, and of the Structure and 
 Use of the Lungs:" Dublin: 1726, 8vo, pp. 227; second 
 edition published at London in 1727. Dr. Barry was one of 
 the founders of the Physico- Historical Society;" and was ap- 
 pointed, in 1745, Physician-General of the Army in Ireland. 
 Benjamin Victor, in 1750, describes Dr. Barry as the most 
 eminent physician then in Dublin, and mentions that he had 
 been some years previously a resident in Cork. Writing from 
 Dublin, in 1753, to Spranger Barry, who is said to have been 
 related to Dr. Barry, Victor^says : " At present the best part 
 of my agreeable philosophical hours here are spent in College- 
 green, with my worthy friend Doctor Barry, with whom I sup
 
 24 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 every Sunday evening through the year ; you may guess 
 that you are often our favourite subject and some late very 
 whimsical accounts of you have afforded us matter of specula- 
 tion; however, you know, at all events, we are your fast 
 friends." Dr. Barry was Professor of Physic in Trinity Col- 
 lege, Dublin, and published at London, in 1759, "A Treatise 
 on the three different Digestions and Discharges of the Human 
 Body, and the Diseases of their principal Organs," pp. 434. 
 Of this work a second edition appeared in 1763. Boswell 
 chronicles Dr. Samuel Johnson having, with reference to Dr. 
 Barry's system of physic, observed: " He was a man who had 
 acquired a high reputation in Dublin, came over to England, 
 and brought his reputation with him, but had not great suc- 
 cess. His notion was, that pulsation occasions death by attri- 
 tion, and that, therefore, the way to preserve life is to retard 
 pulsation : but," added Johnson, " we know that pulsation is 
 strongest in infants, and that we increase in growth while it 
 operates in its regular course, so it cannot be the cause of de- 
 struction." Sir Edward Barry died at Bath in 1776, having, 
 in the previous year, published " Observations, Historical, 
 Critical, and Medical, on the Wines of the Ancients, and on 
 the Analogy between them and Modern Wines ; with Obser- 
 vations on the Principles and Qualities of Waters, and parti- 
 cularly those of Bath." 4to, London : 1775. 
 
 Cornelius Magrath, the Irish giant, was exhibited at the 
 " Sceptre and Cushion," on College-green, where he died in 
 1760. He was born near Silvermines, in Tipperary, in 1736, 
 of obscure parents, and suddenly grew, in the space of one 
 year, from five to upwards of seven feet. " His hand was as 
 large as a middling shoulder of mutton ; and the last of his 
 shoe, which he carried about him, measured fifteen inches." 
 He exhibited himself in the principal towns of Great Britain 
 and the Continent ; and Bianchi, a physician at Florence, 
 wrote a treatise concerning him on his visit to that city. A 
 fever, contracted in Flanders, was supposed to have been the
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 25 
 
 remote cause of Magrath's death : his body was deposited in 
 the Anatomy House of Trinity College, where a lecture was 
 delivered upon it. He had received much kindness from 
 Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne, who retained him for some time 
 in his house. We are told that Magrath always ate and drank 
 moderately ; his complexion was pale and sallow ; and his 
 pulse beat sixty times in a minute. 
 
 Among the booksellers in College-green were William 
 Winter (1685), " at the Lord Primate's Head ;" Joseph Ray, 
 printer of a newspaper called the " Dublin Intelligence," the 
 first Number of which was issued on the 30th of September, 
 1690; Neal and Mainwaring, at " Corelli's Head," opposite 
 Anglesey-street (1737), music publishers, the latter, Bar- 
 tholomew Mainwaring, an accomplished musician, died in 
 1758; J. P. Droz (1744-49), editor of the " Literary Jour- 
 nal," already noticed ; J. Milliken (1771-73); Patrick Byrne, 
 at No. 35, corner of Church-lane (1778-84), remarkable for 
 his subsequent political connexions; John Magee, at No. 41 
 ( 1 777-89), an extensive lottery broker, publisher of" Magee's 
 Weekly Packet, or Hope's Lottery Journal of News, Politicks, 
 and Literature," first issued in June, 1777, and with each of 
 its early numbers was given a lottery ticket, for a chance of a 
 prize of 50. Magee was also proprietor of the " Dublin 
 Evening Post," in which, in 1789, he published various 
 satires on Richard Daly, Patentee of the Theatre Royal, and 
 Francis Higgins. The latter, known by the appellation of the 
 " Sham Squire," was, it has been observed, a singular instance 
 of what may be done in life by strict attention to private ends, 
 without regard to the means. " Born of obscure parents, 
 Higgins rose through the successive stations of errand-boy, 
 shoe-black, and waiter in a porter's house, to an attorney's 
 clerk, in which situation his talents were not confined to the 
 desk : his master's pleasures found an attentive minister in 
 him, and be found additional profits in his master's pleasures. 
 He soon began to look for money and connexions, and fixed
 
 26 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 his mind on the daughter of a very respectable and opulent 
 citizen of Dublin, who was a Catholic. Pie procured an intro- 
 duction to the family, through a priest, whom he deceived in 
 declaring himself the only son of a gentleman of 3000 a year, 
 the nephew of a counsellor and a Member of the Irish Parlia- 
 ment, whose presumptive heir, as having no children, he also 
 was. He feigned a wish to conform to the Catholic religion, 
 in which he had been christened, though educated a Protes- 
 tant, thinking thereby to ingratiate himself with the family, 
 and was received into the Catholic Church. The imposture 
 was soon detected, and Mr. Higgins confined to gaol, where 
 he improved the only real knowledge he ever possessed, which 
 was the lowest art of Crown law. He afterwards became an 
 attorney. He then attended gaming tables and brothels. He 
 drew great advantages by lending money to the unfortunate 
 adventurers, and managing to defend or keep off prosecutions 
 from the infamous supporters of those receptacles of infamy. 
 In his speculations towards advancement he considered the 
 command of a newspaper as an essential weapon, both offen- 
 sive and defensive. To attain this very necessary article he 
 insinuated himself into the acquaintance and confidence of the 
 proprietor of a print then in some degree of estimation, the 
 * Freeman's Journal.' This gentleman was in very embar- 
 rassed circumstances. Mr. Higgins lent him 50, and, watching 
 his opportunity, when he thought his distress at the height, 
 suddenly arrested him for the money : to procure his liberty he 
 was glad to transfer to his creditors the property of the paper 
 for one-fourth of its value. This paper [the history of which 
 has been given in the eighth chapter of our first volume] had 
 hitherto been prominently conspicuous on the patriotic side of 
 the question, and was therefore the more saleable a commo- 
 dity in the hands of this new proprietor. He made his terms 
 with the Castle, and from that time forward his paper was the 
 most subservient to, and therefore the most favoured by, the 
 Minister."
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 27 
 
 Higgins " had the address, by coarse flattery and assumed 
 arrogance, to worm himself into the intimacy of several persons 
 of rank, fortune, and consequence in the country, who de- 
 meaned themselves by their obsequiousness to his art, or sold 
 themselves to him for his unqualified enterprise in maligning 
 their enemies, or bearing them out of difficulties and disgrace. 
 This man, ready for every job for which he should be paid, 
 under some natural suspicions that the return of the Marquis 
 of Buckingham to assume the Viceregency of Ireland would 
 not be .attended by any particular demonstrations of joy, had 
 hired a mob to wait his arrival, and had supplied a proper 
 number of them with silken cords and harness to draw him in 
 his carriage to the Castle, under the fastidious deceit of mer- 
 cenary popularity and triumph." 
 
 Chief Baron Yelverton's opinion of this notorious cha- 
 racter was expressed in the following terms, on occasion of 
 counsel reminding him that the printer of the " Freeman's 
 Journal" awaited judgment for having published a libellous 
 paragraph on the Court of Exchequer : " If you had not men- 
 tioned the affair," said his Lordship, "the Court would not have 
 condescended to recollect its insignificance, but would have 
 passed it by, as it has done every other paragraph, whether of 
 praise or censure, that has appeared in that paper, with the most 
 supreme contempt. Let the fellow return to his master's em- 
 ployment ; let his master exalt favourite characters; and if there 
 be any mean enough to take pleasure in his adulation, let him 
 continue to spit his venom against everything that is praise- 
 worthy, honourable, or dignified in human nature. Let him 
 not presume to meddle with the courts of justice, lest, for- 
 getting his baseness and insignificance, they should at some 
 time condescend to inflict a merited punishment upon him." 
 
 In the satires published in 1789 in the " Evening Post," 
 Daly, under the name of " Richardo," or "Young Roscius," 
 was depicted as a ruined gambler, seeking to retrieve his for- 
 tunes by infamous expedients in connexion with Higgins,
 
 28 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 styled " Francisco," who succeeded in obtaining from the 
 Chief Justice, Lord Earlsfort, subsequently Lord Cloiimel, 
 a fiat against Magee for 2000, to which extent he swore his 
 character had been damaged by those publications. A judge's 
 fiat, it may be mentioned, was a warrant or authority to the 
 officer of the Court to issue a writ marked in such sum as the 
 fiat directed, on which writ the defendant could be arrested, 
 and should either find bail to the amount of that sum, or re- 
 main in prison. The Chief Justice also granted fiats against 
 Magee for 4000 at the suit of Daly, and for 1800 on the affi- 
 davits of Higgins' associates, John Brennan, and Miss Frances 
 Tracey, whose characters were aspersed in a letter published in 
 the " Evening Post," dated from " Pluto's Regions." In their 
 affidavits these parties did not state a single instance of actual 
 or specific damage, nor swear to any real or substantial loss ; 
 the Judge was consequently much censured for having thus 
 issued fiats to the collective amount of 7800 against Magee, 
 towards whom he was believed to bear ill-will for having per- 
 sonally abused him in his own papers, and who at this period 
 was under a criminal information in his own Court, at the 
 relation of Higgins. 
 
 Magee, who styled himself the " Man of Ireland," at first 
 behaved in an eccentric and violent manner, reviling the 
 Judge in his paper, challenging him to send his officers to 
 arrest him on Essex-bridge, and declaring that he could find 
 bail for half a million sterling. Eventually, however, the law 
 requiring that each of the two sureties in such cases should 
 swear himself worth twice the sum for which he became bail, 
 the aggregate amount of which, in this instance, would have 
 been 31,200, Magee, being unable to furnish security to 
 such an extent, was lodged in gaol. He was, however, subse- 
 quently liberated on surety for 4000 ; and on his applica- 
 tion in Michaelmas Term, he was admitted to bail for 500. 
 
 " Lord Clonmel had a villa named Temple Hill, close to 
 Sea-point, which," writes Lord Cloncurry, " was made the
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 29 
 
 scene of an ingenious stroke of vengeance by John Magee, 
 then printer of the " Dublin Evening Post Newspaper." 
 Mr. Magee thought himself made the subject of undue seve- 
 rity on the part of the Bench. " He certainly Avas subjected to 
 a very rigorous imprisonment, in efforts to alleviate the hard- 
 ships of which, I," says Lord Cloncurry, "myself took an 
 active part, and with some success, but not sufficient to ob- 
 literate from the prisoner's mind the obligations he thought 
 himself under to the Chief Justice. This debt weighed hea- 
 vily upon his conscience, and no sooner had his term of 
 confinement expired, than he announced his intention of 
 clearing off all scores. Accordingly, he had advertisements 
 posted about the town, stating that he found himself the 
 owner of a certain sum (I think it was 14,000), 10,000 of 
 which he had settled upon his family, and the balance it was 
 his intention, with the blessing of God, to spend upon Lord 
 Clonmel.' In pursuance of this determination, he invited all 
 his fellow-citizens to a ' bra pleasura' [la byieag pleapupa 
 a day of great amusement] to be held upon a certain day [in 
 August, 1789] in the fields immediately adjoining Temple 
 Hill demesne. 
 
 " I recollect," continues Lord Cloncurry, " attending upon 
 the occasion, and the fete certainly was a strange one. Se- 
 veral thousand people, including the entire disposable mob of 
 Dublin, of both sexes, assembled as the guests at an early 
 hour in the morning, and proceeded to enjoy themselves in 
 tents and booths erected for the occasion. A variety of sports 
 were arranged for their amusement, such as climbing poles for 
 prizes, running in sacks, grinning through horse-collars [asses 
 dressed up with wigs and scarlet robes, dancing-dogs in gowns 
 and wigs as barristers], and soforth, until at length, when the 
 crowd had obtained its maximum density, towards the after- 
 noon, the grand scene of the day was produced. A number 
 of active pigs, with their tails shaved and soaped, were let 
 loose, and it was announced that each pig should become the
 
 30 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 property of any one who could catch and hold it by the slip- 
 pery member. A scene impossible to describe immediately 
 took place; the pigs, frightened and hemmed in by the crowd 
 in all other directions, rushed through the hedge which then 
 separated the grounds of Temple Hill from the open fields ; 
 forthwith all their pursuers followed in a body, and, continu- 
 ing their chase over the shrubberies and parterres, soon re- 
 venged John Magee upon the noble owner." 
 
 These assemblies, although productive of the greatest 
 annoyance to Lord Clonmel, were not sufficiently riotous to 
 be termed a public nuisance, being held in Magee's own field, 
 which his Lordship had omitted to purchase when he built his 
 house. 
 
 In Hilary Term Magee's case and the subject of fiats 
 were brought before the Court, which ruled that he should 
 again provide special bail to the extent of 4000; but Magee 
 by affidavit deposed that he had suffered so much from the 
 libels published by Higgins in the " Freeman's Journal," that 
 he could not procure surety for more than 500. 
 
 The public, knowing the anxiety of the Judge to be clear 
 of the fetes of his tormentor, suspected that " he could have no 
 qualms of conscience in giving justice full scope, by keeping 
 him under the eye of the Marshal, and consequently an ab- 
 sentee from " Fiat Hill," for a good space of time. Magee 
 was brought up for judgment, and pleaded himself, in mitiga- 
 tion, that he was ignorant of the publication, not having been 
 in Dublin when the libel appeared ; which, in fact, he added, 
 Lord Clonmel well knew. He had been, indeed, entertain- 
 ing the citizens under the Earl's windows, and saw his Lord- 
 ship peeping out from the side of one of them the whole of 
 that day ; and next morning he had overtaken his Lordship 
 riding into town. ' And by the same token,' continued 
 Magee, ' your Lordship was riding cheek-by-jowl with your 
 own brother, Matthias Scott, the tallow-chandler from Water- 
 ford, and audibly discussing the price of fat, at the very
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 31 
 
 moment I passed you.' Lord Clonmel and Matthias Scott 
 vied with each other which had the largest and most hanging 
 pair of cheeks vulgarly called jowls. His Lordship's chin 
 was a treble one, whilst Matthias's was but doubled ; but 
 then it was broader and hung deeper than his brother's. There 
 was no standing this a general laugh was inevitable, and his 
 Lordship, with that address for which he was so remarkable, 
 affecting to commune a moment with his brother Judges, said 
 ' it was obvious, from the poor man's manner, that he was 
 not just then in a state to receive definitive judgment, that 
 the paroxysms should be permitted to subside before any sen- 
 tence could be properly pronounced. For the present, there- 
 fore, he should only be given into the care of the Marshal, 
 till it was ascertained how far the state of his intellect should 
 regulate the Court in pronouncing its judgment.' The Mar- 
 shal saw the crisis, and hurried away Magee before he had 
 further opportunity of incensing the Chief Justice. 
 
 The practice of the Court, allowing the plaintiff three 
 terms before requiring him to try his action, afforded Higgins 
 and Daly the power of keeping their opponent in prison for 
 nineteen months in default of bail. Magee, meanwhile, be- 
 haved with much eccentricity. Having sent his compliments 
 to Lord Clonmel, with an assurance that his health was much 
 improved since " he had got his heels out of Newgate," the 
 Chief Justice ordered an inquiry to be immediately instituted 
 as to the means by which he had effected his escape, but it 
 was found that he merely alluded to the custom he had adopted 
 of sitting with his feet cased in scarlet slippers, protruded 
 through the window of his cell. He also contrived to injure 
 Lord Clonmel severely by bribing persons to turn a large body 
 of scalding water upon the Judge while in a public bath. 
 Magee accused Daly of having killed a billiard-marker ; 
 avowed his intention of having him hanged for the murder; 
 and, from what he styled his " Fiat Dungeon," sent the Pa-
 
 32 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 tentee's wife a picture of Higgins, begging she would oblige 
 him by affixing in her cabinet " the portrait of the most in- 
 fernal villain yet unhanged except the murderer of the honest 
 marker." 
 
 Magee petitioned the House of Commons for relief, on the 
 ground of having been illegally deprived of his liberty by the 
 Chief Justice and Court of King's Bench refusing to admit 
 him to bail for 500. His case, and the abuse of the practice 
 of issuing fiats for unreasonable amounts in actions of slander, 
 was brought before the Commons, early in 1790, by George 
 Ponsonby, who proposed a resolution, that the Chief Jus- 
 tice of the Court of King's Bench, in ordering a Capias ad 
 respondendum against John Magee, on the affidavit of Richard 
 Daly, marked 4000, acted illegally. In discussing the sub- 
 ject in the House, Dr. Arthur Browne observed that the 
 " power of fiats had been particularly directed against printers ; 
 whoever presumed to print or publish without the leave, or 
 not under the direction, of Francis Higgins, was in great 
 danger of a fiat : numbers of printers had been run down by 
 fiats, whom the public never heard of. John Magee was 
 more sturdy, and therefore his sufferings made more noise. 
 What gentleman in the kingdom could find such bail as 
 30,000? It amounted to perpetual imprisonment. The 
 name, the terrific name, of Fiat, a name which threatens 
 to be as formidable as general warrants, or lettres de cachet, 
 has," continued Browne, " but recently assumed its ter- 
 rors ; it was not till of late years that the innocent and 
 peaceful citizen discovered and felt that there was a power 
 in this country, which, while he was unconscious of crime, 
 and unembarrassed with debt, could seize him in the public 
 streets, on the way home to his expecting family, and drag 
 him with insult or ignominy to slavery and a prison ; a power 
 which could at pleasure destroy the credit of the merchant, 
 and tear the farmer from his labours, a complaisant power,
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 
 
 which, by placing an implicit confidence in an absurd and vil- 
 lanous accuser, 'might be ready to become the instrument of 
 malice and the origin of ruin." 
 
 The proposed vote of censure on the Chief Justice was 
 rejected through the Government influence in the House of 
 Commons, which referred the fiats and affidavits in the case 
 to a Grand Committee of the Courts of Justice, before which 
 George Ponsonby discussed the question at great length, and 
 proposed a resolution that the issuing of writs, by the order of 
 a judge, to hold defendants to bail in large sums of money 
 in actions of slander, where no actual and specific damage is 
 sworn to in the affidavits upon which such writs were issued, 
 was, as the same had been practised of late, illegal, and 
 subversive of the liberty of the subject. This motion was got 
 rid of by the Attorney-General moving that the Chairman of 
 the Committee should leave the chair, which was carried on a 
 division. The result of these proceedings tended to increase 
 the unpopularity of the Administration of the time, as the 
 public had taken up, with much interest, the case of Magee, 
 who had been sanguine of obtaining relief from Parliament. 
 
 After many delays, and long incarceration, Magee was, in 
 June, 1 790, brought to trial before Lord Clonmel, on Daly's fiat 
 for 4000. Five counsel, among whom were Arthur Browne 
 and George Ponsonby, defended Magee ; whilst Daly retained 
 eleven of the most eminent lawyers of the Irish Bar, including 
 John Philpot Curran, Beresford Burston, Hon. Simon Butler, 
 and Sergeant Duquery. Daly laid his damages at 8000 ; 
 but although a variety of newspapers and letters not alleged 
 in the original affidavit were allowed to be read in evidence 
 against Magee, the Jury returned a verdict for only 200. 
 
 Magee was subsequently detained for some time in gaol 
 under a sentence passed upon him by Lord Clonmel for con- 
 tempt of Court; his imprisonment and persecutions were be- 
 lieved to have had a very prejudicial effect upon his mind. 
 
 The other booksellers on College-green were Stewart, 
 
 VOL. III. D
 
 34 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Douglas, and Spotswood, opposite Anglesey-street, publishers 
 of the "Dublin Chronicle" (1770); William "Spotswood, No. 
 40, publisher of the " Independent Chronicle and Universal 
 Advertiser" (1777) ; Antoine Gerna, No. 31, next to the 
 Post-office (1787-95), a dealer in foreign books and master 
 of a news-room ; John Shea, of the " Lycaeum," No. 42, pub- 
 lisher of the " Constitution or Anti-Union Evening Post," 
 commenced in 1799; John Rice, No. 2 (1791-97); James 
 Moore, No. 45 (1785), publisher of the "Anti-Union," a paper 
 established on the model of the " Anti-Jacobin," by Bur- 
 rowes, Plunket, Bushe, Wallace, Goold, and Smyly. Robert 
 Emmet appears also to have been a contributor to this paper, 
 the first Number of which was issued on the 27th December, 
 1798, and the last on the 9th March, 1799. Moore, who was 
 also a lottery broker, published the Irish Parliamentary de- 
 bates, and several pamphlets and speeches against the Union, 
 but betrayed the confidence reposed in him by selling a quan- 
 tity of manuscript and printed Anti- Union productions, to 
 Lord Castlereagh, by whom they were destroyed. One of the 
 largest works published by Moore was an edition of the " En- 
 cyclopedia Britannica," in twenty volumes, quarto. At No. 5, 
 College-green, the corner of Anglesey-street, Avas the "Apollo 
 Circulating Library," kept in 1798 by Vincent Dowling, one 
 of the ablest and wittiest writers connected with the Irish 
 journals of his time. The greater parts of the Irish Parlia- 
 mentary Debates extant were reported entirely from memory 
 by Dowling, who published a large number of ballads and 
 jeux fie&prti against the proposed Union with Great Britain, 
 and was the principal author of his periodical, entitled, "Pro- 
 ceedings and Debates of the Parliament of Pimlico [Ireland], 
 in the last Session of the Eighteenth Century. Tripilo : pub- 
 lished by the Executors of Judith Freel, late Printer to his 
 Dalkeian Majesty, and sold at 5, College -green, and by all the 
 Flying Stationers. Price Four Camacks." In his advertise- 
 ment Dowling stated that, " considering the eventful crisis
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 35 
 
 which, at the conclusion of the eighteenth century, has me- 
 naced the existence of so many old and settled systems and 
 senates, the Editor resolved at least the Parliament of Pimlico 
 should not sink into the common grave of oblivion without 
 leaving some printed record of its existence, and to show that 
 while the fatal period of its annihilation approached, and the 
 rottenness of its pillars gave awful presage of its speedy ruin, 
 there were not wanting some sound and sturdy columns to 
 support its existence to the last, and some honest understand- 
 ings and candid tongues to develope and expose the artifices of 
 party, and demark the line which divides between self-interest 
 and public spirit." 
 
 In this production the House of Lords is styled " the 
 House of Nobs ;" the Chancellor taking his seat on the Wool- 
 sack is described as the "the Mufti taking the meal-bag;" 
 the name of Oxmantown is applied to England ; and that of 
 " his Dalkeian Majesty" to George III. ; while the various 
 Members of Parliament are designated in the following man- 
 ner : Archbishop of Crumlin, Dr. Charles Agar, Archbishop 
 of Dublin ; Dr. Syntax, Dr. Browne of Trinity College; Se- 
 cretary Slender, Lord Castlereagh; Mr. Navalcourt, Sir 
 Jonah Barrington ; Dr. Virus, Dr. Patrick Duigenan ; Mr. 
 Turf, Thomas Connolly; Mr. Gracchus, Henry Grattan, &c. 
 
 The debates were paraphrased by Dowling with much 
 ability, and contain numerous local allusions applied with ad- 
 mirable wit and propriety. 
 
 This publication was succeeded by Dowling's " Olio, or 
 Anythingarian Miscellany," in the second Number of which 
 appeared the ballad of " Mary Le More," by George Nugent 
 Reynolds, to whom the authorship of the " Exile of Erin" has 
 been ascribed. 
 
 Dowling, having tried in Dublin, with ill success, a variety 
 
 of undertakings, including a coffee-house, a registry office for 
 
 procuring situations, and a Company for insuring persons 
 
 against being drawn for the Militia, went, after the Union, to 
 
 D 2
 
 36 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 London, where for a time he was reduced to a very low state 
 of finances, until relieved by joining some of his fellow-towns- 
 men in a society formed by them in England, for public 
 theological discussions, in which he took a prominent part, 
 and finally became connected with the " Times" newspaper. 
 His son, Vincent George Dowling, educated in Dublin, occa- 
 sionally assisted him in his duties for the " Times." 
 
 Soon afterwards V. G. Dowling engaged with the " Star;" 
 in 1804 he commenced his connexion with Mr. Clement by 
 becoming a contributor to the " Observer ;" and in 1809 he 
 transferred his services from the " Star" to the " Day" news- 
 paper. Dowling was present on the lobby of the House of Com- 
 mons, in 1812, when Mr. Percival was shot, and was the first 
 person who seized Bellingham, whom he had often sat by on the 
 gallery of the House. Jerdan, in his " Autobiography," erro- 
 neously claims to have himself been the captor of Bellingham, 
 adding that Dowling was among the earliest of the crowd 
 who came up after the seizure. Dowling made many extra- 
 ordinary efforts to secure priority of intelligence at a period 
 when great personal courage and physical endurance were 
 required to overcome the numerous difficulties which existed 
 before railway expresses, sea-going steam-boats, and electric 
 telegraphs, had come into operation. Thus, when Queen 
 Caroline was about to return from the Continent, after the 
 accession of George IV., Dowling proceeded to France to 
 record her progress for the " Observer." On the day before 
 the Queen arrived, he, at the request of her principal atten- 
 dants, having agreed to bring her despatches to England, put 
 to sea in an open boat, pulled by five Frenchmen, and suc- 
 ceeded in arriving in London with the first news, although, 
 owing to the night being stormy, he was nearly twelve hours 
 in crossing the Channel, having had to make a long stretch 
 up the French coast before he could attempt it with safety. 
 
 In 1824, Dowling became editor of " Bell's Life in Lon- 
 don," and to his unceasing exertions, during eighteen years,
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 37 
 
 lias been universally ascribed the success of that Journal. 
 Dowling claimed to have been the author of the plan on which 
 the new police system was organized, the details of which, 
 even to the names of the officers, inspectors, Serjeants, &c., 
 were published by him in " Bell's Life" nearly two years before 
 they were brought forward for public adoption by Sir Kobert 
 Peel. He died on the 25th of October, 1852, from paralysis and 
 dropsy, having been for many years Chairman of the Board 
 of G uardians of the Strand Union, London, and Trustee and 
 Manager of the Holborn Estate Charity of the parish of St. 
 Clement Danes. 
 
 The house of Vincent Dowling, Sen., in College-green, 
 has been, for a considerable time, an office of the Royal Ex- 
 change Insurance Company. 
 
 John Allen, a mercer, of No. 36, College-green, was tried 
 and acquitted of high treason, at Maidstone, in 1798 ; and in 
 1803 engaged deeply in Robert Emmet's plans, after the 
 failure of which he escaped from the coast of Dublin, entered 
 the French army, and rose, by his services, to the rank of 
 Lieutenant. His gallant conduct at Astorga, under the Duke 
 d' Abrantes, was rewarded by a colonelcy ; he was subsequently 
 taken prisoner by the Spaniards, and, after his liberation by 
 exchange, he joined Napoleon in 1813 : in the succeeding 
 year the English Government specially demanded that Allen 
 should be given up to them, but the French soldiers, to whose 
 custody he was committed, connived at his escape, after which 
 he retired to Normandy, and there passed the latter part of 
 his life. 
 
 Towards 1776 a proposal was made to erect a monument 
 to Swift on Colleg^green, and, about 1772, the building of 
 Law Courts in this locality was contemplated. 
 
 The General Post-office of Dublin was removed, in 1783, 
 from Fownes'-court to the south-eastern side of College- 
 green. While the Irish Post-office was under the control of 
 England, its expenditure exceeded its revenue, and its affairs
 
 38 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 were so badly managed that many considerable places pos- 
 sessed no post-offices, and others were so poorly supplied that 
 a letter by a cross post was most uncertain. In the county 
 of Kerry there was but one post-office, and Leitrim possessed 
 no post-office whatever ; between Limerick and Cork, a dis- 
 tance of fifty miles, the post took a circuit of one hundred and 
 fifty miles ; letters between Cork and Mallow, fourteen miles 
 by direct road, were carried by way of Clonmel, thus making 
 the post route eighty miles. These defects could not be re- 
 medied while the Post-office was under English management, 
 but after Ireland had asserted her independence, the Irish Par- 
 liament passed an Act, in 1783-84, establishing "one general 
 letter-office and post-office in some convenient place within 
 the city of Dublin, with sub-offices throughout this kingdom, 
 from whence all letters and packets whatsoever to and from 
 places in Ireland or beyond the seas, might be with speed and 
 expedition sent, received, and despatched" ; and enacting that 
 the persons nominated Postmaster-General of Ireland, secre- 
 tary, treasurer, accountant-general, resident surveyor, and 
 controller of the sorting-office, should receive their appoint- 
 ments by Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Ireland. 
 The office of Postmaster-General of Ireland was, in 1 784, con- 
 ferred on James Viscount Clifden, in conjunction with William 
 Brabazon Ponsonby; John Lees being at the same time ap- 
 pointed Secretary. 
 
 The details connected with the establishment and organi- 
 zation of an independent Irish Post-office were sedulously 
 cared by the Parliament of Ireland, which, in 1783-4, regu- 
 lated its affairs by the elaborate Statute, 23 and 24 Geo. III. 
 cap. 17, containing forty-five sections. + 
 
 Under Irish local management the annual gross receipts of 
 the Post-office increased from 40,115 10s. Id. in 1786, to 
 77,473 17s. lid. in 1799. 
 
 The Post-office in College-green was an extensive building, 
 in height five stories, each of which contained five windows
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 39 
 
 in front, the Secretary's house being located next to Grafton- 
 street. 
 
 The General Post-office was removed, in 1818, to Sack- 
 ville-street ; and on the ground in College-green on which it 
 had stood, Mr. George Home erected the " Royal Arcade," 
 which was burned in 1837, and a portion of its site is now 
 occupied by the National Bank and the adjacent buildings. 
 
 The taverns and coffee-houses on College-green were the 
 " Parliament Coffee-house" (1706) ; " Jack's Coffee-house" 
 (1706); the "Bear Tavern" (1741), in which the Charitable 
 Musical Society for the Relief of Distressed Families held their 
 meetings. It was also much frequented by the Collegians, and 
 in it the " Brethren of the Select Club" (1753) used to as- 
 semble on the first Friday of every month ; Hughes's Club, 
 No. 28 (1787), which was subsequently kept by Patrick 
 Connor. Daly's Original Club-house, in Dame-street, has 
 been already noticed ; the new edifice, designed by Francis 
 Johnston, extending from the corner of Anglesey-street to 
 Foster-place, was opened, for the first time, with a grand dinner, 
 on the 16th of February, 1791. The house was furnished in 
 a superb manner, with grand lustres, inlaid tables, and mar- 
 ble chimney-pieces ; the chairs and sofas were white and gold, 
 covered with the richest " Aurora silk." For the convenience 
 of Members, afoot-path across Foster-place led from the western 
 portico of the Parliament House to a door, since converted into 
 a window, on the eastern front of the Club-house, opening on 
 a hall and staircase, the latter communicating with the prin- 
 cipal portions of the edifice on College-green. Daly's was 
 the chief resort of the aristocracy and Members of Parliament; 
 and many extravagant scenes of gambling and dissipation are 
 said to have been enacted by the members of the " Hell-fire 
 Club," and similar societies who used to assemble within the 
 building. The magnificence of Daly's Club-house excited the 
 surprise and admiration of travellers, who concurred in declar- 
 ing it to be the grandest edifice of the kind in Europe : " The
 
 40 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 god of cards and dice," says a writer in 1794, " has a temple, 
 called Daly's, dedicated to his honour in Dublin, much more 
 magnificent than any temple to be found in that city dedicated 
 to the God of the universe." A rent of 600 per annum was 
 paid for the premises on College-green by Daly, who was also 
 lessee of the Curragh Coffee-house, in the town of Kildare, 
 where he died. 
 
 His successor in College-green was Peter Depoe, who con- 
 tinued Manager of the Club until 1823; and the building is 
 now occupied by various offices. 
 
 The appearance of College-green before and after the 
 Union is exhibited in two spirited etchings, published by 
 Stockdale of London, in 1812. 
 
 The statue of William III., on College-green, erected at 
 the expense of the Corporation of Dublin, was inaugurated 
 with the following ceremonial, on July 1, 1701, which was 
 kept as a public holiday, the joy- bells being rung, and all the 
 shops in the city closed. The Lord Mayor, aldermen, sheriffs, 
 masters, wardens, and common councilmen of the city, having 
 assembled at the Tholsel at 4 P. M., walked thence in formal 
 procession to College-green, preceded by the city musicians, 
 and by the grenadier companies of the Dublin Militia. Some 
 time after the city officials had reached College-green, the 
 Lords Justices arrived, and were conducted through a line, 
 formed by the grenadiers, to the statue, round which the en- 
 tire assembly, uncovered, marched three times; the kettle- 
 drums, trumpets, and other music playing on a stage erected 
 near the front of the monument. After the second circuit, 
 the Recorder delivered an eulogy on King William, expressing 
 the attachment of the people of Dublin to his person and go- 
 vernment, and at the conclusion of this oration a volley was 
 fired by the grenadiers, succeeded by a discharge of ordnance. 
 At the termination of the third circuit round the statue, the 
 Lords Justices, the Provost and Fellows of the University, with 
 numbers of the Williamite noblemen and gentry, were con-
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 41 
 
 ducted by the Lord Mayor, through a file of soldiers, to a large 
 new house on College-green prepared for their reception, where 
 they were entertained, the ordnance again discharging twice 
 while they drank the King's health and prosperity to Dublin ; 
 the surrounding crowd being regaled with cakes thrown 
 amongst them, and several hogsheads of claret were placed on 
 stilts and set running. The Lords Justices, attended by the 
 city officers, then proceeded in their coaches to the Lord 
 Mayor's house, where an entertainment was prepared for them, 
 the nobility, and ladies; after which fireworks were displayed, 
 and the night was concluded with the ringing of bells, illumi- 
 nations, and bonfires. 
 
 The statue is composed of lead, of about a quarter of an 
 inch in thickness, supported on an internal framework of iron, 
 the King's head and portions of the extremities being solid. 
 On the southern side of the pedestal is inserted a white marble 
 tablet, containing the following inscription, engraved and 
 gilt : 
 
 " GTJLIELMO TERTIOJ 
 MAGN.E BRITANNIJS, FRANCLE ET HIBERNLE 
 
 REGI, 
 OB RELIGIONEM CONSERVATAM J 
 
 RESTITUTAS LEGES, 
 
 LIBERTATEM ASSERTAM, 
 
 CIVES DTJBLINIENSES HANC STATUAM 
 
 POSUERE." 
 
 A similar tablet on the northern side of the pedestal is in- 
 scribed as follows : 
 
 " INCHOATTJM 
 
 ANNO DOM. MDCC. 
 
 ANTONIO PERCY, EQTJITE ATJRATO, PR^ETOHE. 
 
 CAROLO FORREST, 1 
 
 > YICECOMITIBTJS. 
 JACOBO BARLOW, J 
 
 ABSOLUTTJM 
 ANNO DOM. MDCCI. 
 MARCO RANSFORD, EQT7ITE AUHATO, PRJiTORE. 
 
 JOHANNE ECCLES, 1 
 
 > VICECOM1TIBUS. 
 RADULPHO GOKE, J
 
 42 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 From the year 1690, the 4th of November being the anni- 
 versary of the birth and landing of William III. in England, 
 was annually observed in Dublin with great solemnity ; and 
 after the year 1701 the rendering of homage to the King's 
 statue became an important part of the day's ceremonies, which 
 were as follow : In the morning the English flag was dis- 
 played on Birmingham Tower, the guns in the Phrenix Park 
 were fired, answered by volleys from the corps in the barracks, 
 and by a regiment drawn up on College-green ; all the bells in 
 the town rang out ; and at noon the Lord Lieutenant held a 
 levee at the Castle, whence, about 3 P. M., a procession was 
 formed, the streets from the Castle being lined with soldiers. 
 The procession, composed of the Viceroy, Lord May or, Sheriffs, 
 Aldermen, Lord Chancellor, Judges, Provost of Trinity College, 
 Commissioners of Revenue, and other civil and military officers, 
 together with those who had been present at the Castle, moved 
 through Dame-street and College-green to Stephen' s-green, 
 round which they marched, and then returned in the same 
 order to College-green, where they paraded thrice round the 
 statue, over which, after the procession had retired, three vol- 
 leys of musketry were discharged by the troops. Sir Con- 
 stantine Phipps, while Lord Justice, during the reign of 
 Queen Anne, endeavoured to abolish this custom by refusing 
 to join in the procession, but he was frustrated in his design 
 by the High Sheriff, William Aldrich, a violent ascendancy 
 partisan, who placed himself at the head of the assemblage 
 and led them through the usual circuit, leaving Sir Constan- 
 tine almost deserted in the Castle. In the early part of the 
 last century the spirit of Jacobitism which prevailed, to a con- 
 siderable extent, in the University of Dublin, combined with 
 a love of mischief, and a desire to revenge the insult offered 
 to their Alma Mater by the King's back being turned towards 
 the gate of the College, incited the students to inflict repeated 
 indignities upon the statue, which was frequently found in the 
 mornings decorated with green boughs, bedaubed with filth,
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 43 
 
 or dressed up with hay ; it was also a common practice to set 
 a straw figure astride behind that of the King. On the night 
 of Sunday, the 25th June, 1710, some persons covered the 
 King's face with mud, and deprived his Majesty of his sword 
 and truncheon. On the following Monday the House of 
 Lords resolved " That the Lord Chancellor, as Speaker, 
 do, as from this House, forthwith attend His Excellency, and 
 acquaint him that the Lords being informed that great indig- 
 nities were offered, last night, to the statue of his late Majesty 
 King William, of glorious memory, erected on College-green 
 to show the grateful sense this whole kingdom, and particu- 
 larly the city of Dublin, have of the great blessings accom- 
 plished for them by that glorious Prince, have made this 
 unanimous resolution, that all persons concerned in that bar- 
 barous fact are guilty of the greatest insolence, baseness, and 
 ingratitude ; and desire His Excellency the Lord Lieutenant 
 may issue a proclamation to discover the authors of this vil- 
 lany, with a reward to the discoverer, that they may be pro- 
 secuted and punished accordingly." One hundred pounds were 
 consequently offered for the discovery of the iconoclasts ; the 
 House of Commons returned the Duke of Wharton, then 
 Viceroy, their thanks for his prompt conduct on the occasion ; 
 and, at the expense of the Corporation, the statue was re- 
 paired, and a new truncheon placed in his hand with great so- 
 lemnity, in the presence of the twenty-four guilds of the city. 
 It having been subsequently discovered that the statue had 
 been defaced by three young men, named Graffon, Vinicome, 
 and Harvey, the two former were, in consequence, expelled 
 from the University ; condemned, on the 18th November, 
 1710, to six months' imprisonment, to pay a fine of 100 
 each, and to be carried, on the 19th November, at 11 A. M., 
 "to College-green, and there to stand before the statue for half 
 an hour, with this inscirption on his breast : * I stand here for 
 defacing the statue of our glorious deliverer, the late King 
 William.' " The latter part of the sentence was remitted by
 
 44 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Richard Ingoldsby, Lord Justice, and their fines were re- 
 duced to five shillings, on the following petition, a copy of 
 which is preserved in the manuscript Rule Book of the Court 
 of King's Bench: 
 
 " John Graffon of Dublin, gentleman, and William Vini- 
 come, fined 100 each. They state that it was the great mis- 
 fortune of them, the petitioners, the night that the statue of 
 King William on College-green was defaced, to have, con- 
 trary to the former course of their lives, indulged themselves 
 too freely in drinking, on the news of the surrender of Douay. 
 That, returning late that night to the College of Dublin, in 
 company of one Thomas Harvey, who had also been with 
 them drinking, and passing by the said statue, the said Harvey 
 proposing to get up to the statue, the said Graffon and Vini- 
 come dissuaded him it; yet he persisting in the frolic, Vinicome, 
 not being sensible of the evil consequence of the fact, was 
 drawn in, by Harvey's instigation, to assist him. That Graffon, 
 though under great disorder at that time, yet was so far from 
 concurring in that fact, that he went away towards the Round 
 Church, and, coming back again, found they had taken the trun- 
 cheon from the statue. That, next day, when the said Graffon 
 and Vinicome came to a sense of what they had done, they were 
 seized with confusion and sorrow for their folly, arid being 
 swayed by the notions they had of the dishonourableness of the 
 character of an informer, they omitted their duty of discover- 
 ing it on the proclamation issued to that effect ; and afterwards 
 one Markham having, by insinuation and artifices, obtained a 
 confession from the said Vinicome, and discovered the same, 
 and had the same Graffon and Vinicome apprehended and pro- 
 secuted, aggravating several circumstances of the crime, be- 
 yond what really they were ; and that Graffon and Vinicome 
 have been severely punished by the College, to the utter ruin 
 of all their hopes, from the relation they had to that venerable 
 body ; and have been also most severely sentenced in the 
 Queen's Bench to an infamous punishment, besides imprison-
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 45 
 
 ment, and such a fine as they are no way able to pay, and have 
 already suffered about three months' imprisonment, in mise- 
 rable circumstances, to the great hazard of their health, and 
 with so great expense and inconveniency that they can scarcely 
 hope to recover from the ill effect." 
 
 On the llth of October, 1714, " some profligate persons, 
 disaffected to his Majesty's Government, did, in the night- 
 time, offer great indignities to the memory of King William, 
 by taking out and breaking the truncheon in his statue." The 
 aggressors on this occasion do not appear to have been dis- 
 covered, although Government offered 100 for their convic- 
 tion. The Boyne, Enniskillen, Aughrim, and other Williamite 
 Societies, formed in Dublin in the first half of the last century, 
 were accustomed, on their anniversaries, to march under arms 
 through the city to College-green, where, with drums beating, 
 colours flying, and with green boughs and orange cockades in 
 their hats, they drew up in military array round the statue, 
 and having discharged a general volley of small shot, proceeded 
 in regular order to hear a sermon at one of the parish churches, 
 after which they retired to partake of a banquet provided for 
 the occasion, where they toasted the " glorious, pious, and 
 immortal memory of the great and good King William." In 
 1765 the statue was taken down and replaced on a stone pe- 
 destal of greater elevation than the former pediment ; being, 
 however, usually encircled by hackney-chairs, and having a 
 cobbler's stall fixed on its steps, it began to be regarded as an 
 obstruction to the then confined passage thro ugh College-green. 
 A watch-house, located on its eastern side, was inefficient to 
 protect its base from being perpetually covered Avith filth, in 
 consequence of which nuisance to the neighbourhood a pro- 
 posal was made to remove it to the Barracks. 
 
 After the formation of the Volunteers, however, the 
 statue regained its original importance from their annual 
 musters in its vicinity, which commenced on the 4th of 
 November, 1779, when all the bells in the city were rung
 
 46 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 at the opening of day, and the citizens appeared decorated 
 with orange ribbons. At 10 o'clock in the forenoon the 
 different bodies of Volunteers of Dublin City and County, 
 consisting of the cavalry, commanded by their own officers : 
 the corps of the City and Liberty, to the right of the 
 County, commanded by the Duke of Leinster ; and the 
 County of Dublin corps, commanded by Captain Gardiner, 
 assembled at St. Stephen's-green, and, having made a proper 
 disposition, with drums beating and colours flying, they 
 marched in files through York-street, Aungier-street, Bishop- 
 street, Bride-street, Werburgh-street, Castle-street, Cork- 
 hill, and Dame-street, till they arrived at College-green, where 
 they arranged themselves around the statue of King William, 
 in the following order : The Volunteers took their ground, 
 and surrounded the statue at half-past 1 2 o'clock. They were 
 preceded by the Castleknock troop of Light Horse : uniform, 
 scarlet faced with black, helmets and black plumes ; also by 
 Sir John Allen Johnston's Rathdown Light Horse, mounted 
 on fine hunters : uniform, scarlet with black facing, helmets 
 with red plumes, white waistcoats, &c. They were imme- 
 diately followed by the Dublin Volunteers, under the command 
 of the Duke of Leinster : blue uniform lined with buff, red 
 collars and red edgings, buff waistcoats, &c., the grenadiers 
 with feathers, and the infantry with caps and plumes; 200 
 men, with two pairs of colours, one of which had been recently 
 presented by the Duke, with the motto of " The 12th Octo- 
 ber, 1779." The Liberty Volunteers, commanded by Sir 
 Edward Newenham : uniform, blue edged with orange, buff 
 waistcoats, &c. ; colours, orange and blue, with oak boughs in 
 their hats; 180 men. Lawyers' Company, under the com- 
 mand of Counsellor Pethard : uniform, scarlet, white waist- 
 coats, &c. ; 80 men. Goldsmiths' Company, under the com- 
 mand of Counsellor Caldbeck : uniform, blue, edged with 
 buff, buff waistcoats, &c., and colours; 70 men. This corps 
 brought their train of two field-pieces to the Green, where
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 47 
 
 they fired several rounds, and wrought their pieces with much 
 address. Merchant's Company : uniform, blue, faced with 
 red, white waistcoats, &c. ; 1 70 men ; colours, orange, with 
 Hibernia endeavouring to support her harp, and grasping the 
 cap of Liberty. Barony of Castleknock, Luke Gardiner, Esq., 
 Captain Commandant; 130 men; scarlet faced black, white 
 breeches and waistcoats ; colours, &c. Barony of Coolock, 
 Richard Talbot, Esq., Captain; 150 men; scarlet faced black, 
 white breeches and waistcoats. Uppercross Fusiliers, John 
 Finlay, Esq., Captain ; uniform, scarlet faced with black, 
 white waistcoats and breeches; 30 men. The whole being up- 
 wards of 900 men. At the discharge of a rocket, and taking the 
 word of command from the Duke of Leinster, they fired three 
 grand discharges, beginning with the Dublin Volunteers on 
 the north side, and followed by the County Volunteers on the 
 south, receiving the word of command from Captain Gardiner. 
 After this there was a discharge of small cannon, which was 
 placed in the centre, and the whole body of Volunteers then 
 separated. The statue and pedestal of King William were 
 painted, and to the shields of the four sides were hung the fol- 
 lowing labels, in large capital letters : 1. " Relief to Ireland." 
 2. " The Volunteers of Ireland ; Motto Quinquaginta mille 
 juncti, parati pro patria mori." 3. " A short Money Bill," 
 "AFree Trade or else!!!" 4. " The glorious Revolution." At 
 every discharge of the musketry repeated huzzas were given 
 by the surrounding multitude ; after which the Lord Lieute- 
 nant, nobility, and gentry paraded round the statue. The 
 regular troops then fired three volleys, and the day concluded 
 with illuminations. 
 
 These proceedings, on the 4th November, 1779, formed 
 the subject of a painting by Francis Wheatley, which has 
 been engraved by Collyer, and is now in the possession of the 
 Duke of Leinster. The following contemporary notices ex- 
 hibit the proceedings of the Volunteers on College-green in 
 the four years subsequent to 1779:
 
 48 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 " At 10 o'clock in the forenoon [4th November, 1780], 
 the several Volunteer Corps of this city and county assem- 
 bled in St. Stephen's-green, under arms, in order to celebrate 
 the anniversary of the birth, and landing in England, of King 
 William the Third. At 1 1 a detachment of Gardiner's Light 
 Horse was despatched to wait upon the Earl of Chai lemon t 
 (who was appointed General for* the day) at his house in 
 Palace-row ; and, in an hour after, the appearance of the Ge- 
 neral at the Green being announced by a rocket, he was saluted 
 by the cannon ; he then, accompanied by his aides-de-camp, 
 Mr. Yelverton and Mr. Stewart, rode along the line, who, as 
 he passed, did him military honours. This done, the General 
 put himself at their head, and marched the army to College- 
 green, where, having taken post round the statue in the usual 
 manner, a grand feu-de-joie was fired. The Duke of Leinster, 
 Lord Trimleston, Mr. Gardiner, Sir Edward Newenham, Sir 
 Allen Johnson, Mr. Talbot, Mr. Deane, Colonel Caldbeck, 
 &c., &c., appeared at the head of their respective regiments 
 and companies, whose excellent order and discipline deserve 
 the highest praise. Shortly after the Volunteer Army re- 
 tired, the Royal Army from the barracks took their place in 
 College-green, and also fired a feu-de-joie. The whole con- 
 cluded with a grand procession of coaches, in which were his 
 Excellency the Lord Lieutenant, the Right Hon. the Lord 
 Mayor and Sheriffs, the nobility and great officers of state. 
 The Volunteer Army had all orange cockades, and the capa- 
 risons of the horses were likewise xlecorated with orange 
 ribbands." 
 
 " Yesterday morning [4th November, 1781], the following 
 City and County corps of Volunteers, of cavalry and infantry, 
 viz. : Cavalry Dublin Union, County of Dublin Light 
 Dragoons, Rathdown County of Dublin Carbineers, Lord 
 Powerscourt's Carbineers, Donore Horse, Sir James Tynte's 
 Light Dragoons. Infantry Dublin, Goldsmiths, Merchants, 
 Lawyers, Liberty Rangers, Independent Dublin, Builders,
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 49 
 
 North and South Coolock, Uppercross Fusiliers, the New- 
 castle and Donore Union ; and Colonel Calbeck's train of ar- 
 tillery : having determined to celebrate the birth and landing 
 of William III. of glorious memory, assembled at St. Ste- 
 phen's-green (as the 4th fell on Sunday), where they were 
 reviewed by the Right Hon. the Earl of Charlemont, from 
 whence they proceeded to College-green, attended by Colonel 
 Calbeck's artillery, which fired three rounds of eleven guns 
 each over the statue, and was answered by as many volleys 
 from the several corps, who were drawn up round the statue, 
 after which they marched to the Royal Exchange, where they 
 dispersed. There was a continual rain all the day, which 
 greatly disappointed a vast number of spectators who were 
 assembled on that occasion. The following inscriptions, in 
 large characters, were hung upon the pedestal of the statue of 
 King William when the Volunteers paraded in College-green. 
 1 . ' The Volunteers of Ireland.' 2. ' Expect a real Free 
 Trade.' 3. ' A Declaration of Rights ; a Repeal of the Mu- 
 tiny Bill, &c., or else p= 1 1 1-' 4. 'A glorious Revolution.' " 
 " Yesterday [4th November, 1782] being the anniversary 
 of the birthday of William the Third, the several corps of 
 cavalry and infantry of the County and City of Dublin met, at 
 10 o'clock, on Stephen's-green, where they paraded under the 
 inspection of their revered General, the Right Hon. the Earl 
 of Charlemont, and from thence they marched in grand di- 
 visions through York-street, Aungier-street, Bishop-street, 
 Kevin-street, the Coonibe, Meath-street, Thomas-street, 
 Dirty-lane, Queen's-bridge, Arran, Inns', and Ormond-quays, 
 Essex-bridge, Parliament-street, and Dame-street, to College- 
 green, where they formed a square round the statue of King 
 William, and fired three volleys that would have been ap- 
 plauded even by the hoary veteran, Frederick the Third of 
 Prussia, though the greatest disciplinarian in the world ; after 
 which the different corps dined together, and spent the re- 
 mainder of the day with that harmony and hilarity which did 
 
 VOL. III. E
 
 50 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 honour to independent citizens, and loyal subjects. The re- 
 gulars likewise fired three excellent volleys in honour of the 
 day. On the pedestal of William the Third's statue appeared 
 the following inscriptions : On the west side was ' The Vo- 
 lunteers of Ireland by persevering will [on the sout/t side] over- 
 throw the Fencible Scheme [on the east side], procure an 
 unequivocal Bill of Rights, and [on the north side] effectually 
 establish the Freedom of their Country.' " 
 
 " This day [4th November, 1783] the troops mustered at 
 the Exchange and other parades, and were entirely formed in 
 the Green by 12 o'clock, when.the General, Lord Charlemont, 
 entered the field, escorted by Gardiner's Troop of Horse, and 
 was received by the whole with the usual honours. The troops 
 afterwards filed off, and marched through the principal streets 
 and quays of the city, and formed the whole in College-green, 
 round the statue of King William, and fired three of the best 
 feu-de-joie that ever rent the air. After the Volunteers had 
 quit College-green, the troops in garrison lined the streets, 
 from the Castle to College-green, and His Excellency the Lord 
 Lieutenant, attended by an escort of horse, and a vast number 
 of the nobility and gentry in their carriages, went round Ste- 
 phen's-green. After their return to the Castle the army fired 
 three rounds, which were answered by the guns at the salute 
 battery in the Park. Around the statue of King William 
 were labels, in large characters, with the following inscription : 
 ' The Volunteers of Ireland, having overturned the cadave- 
 rous simple Repeal, must now effectuate an equal Represen- 
 tation of the People.' " 
 
 In 1783, the erection of an ornamental water basin on 
 College-green, at the cost of 1200, was contemplated, but, 
 at the suggestion of Milne, the eminent engineer, a public 
 fountain was constructed, at an inconsiderable expense, in the 
 western portion of the pedestal of the statue. 
 
 The spirit of union for the objects of reforming Parliament 
 and emancipating the Catholics becoming widely disseminated
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 51 
 
 among the people, led them to reflect upon the anomaly of 
 rendering annual homage to the memory of a Prince who had 
 been instrumental in suppressing the chief branch of their com- 
 merce ; and whose name had been connected, in Ireland, with 
 the various acts of oppression perpetrated on those who desired 
 to exercise liberty of conscience. Desirous of no longer out- 
 raging the feelings of their Catholic countrymen, the Volun- 
 teers discontinued their annual procession round the statue 
 on the 4th of November, 1792, on which day some of them 
 appeared on parade with green cockades, instead of the 
 orange ribbons which they had previously worn. During the 
 panic of the Government in 1793, it was rumoured that the 
 signal for the rising of the people was to be the pulling down 
 of the statue with ropes. 
 
 The statue regained its original notoriety when religious 
 and political rancour was revived after the formation of the 
 Orange Association in 1795, on whose medals and certificates 
 representations of this monument were engraved. 
 
 On the 12th of July and 4th of November, the statue was 
 annually coloured white, decorated with orange lilies, and with 
 a flaming cloak and sash ; the horse was caparisoned with 
 orange streamers, and a bunch of green and white ribbons was 
 symbolically placed beneath its uplifted foot. The railings 
 were also painted orange and blue; and every person who 
 passed through College-green on these occasions was obliged 
 to take off his hat to the statue. The annual decorations were 
 at the expense of the Corporation, to which the paraphernalia 
 were supplied, for many years, by William Mac Kenzie, a book- 
 seller, residing on College-green, who was known in the city 
 as the " man milliner to King William." These exhibitions 
 produced much political acerbity : during 1 798 the sword was 
 wrenched from the side of the statue ; and Walter Cox, by 
 trade a gunsmith, attempted to file off the King's head, but 
 having miscalculated that the figure was composed of brass, he 
 E 2
 
 52 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 was obliged to decamp without effecting his object, and deep 
 traces of the "lima} labor" of the editor of the " Irish Maga- 
 zine" were subsequently discovered on the neck of the statue. 
 In 1805, the 4th of November falling on Sunday, the usual 
 procession was postponed to the ensuing day. At midnight 
 on Saturday, the 3rd of the month, the watchman on duty on 
 College-green was disturbed at his post by a painter, who 
 stated that he had been sent by the city decorator to prepare 
 the statue for the approaching ceremony, adding that the ap- 
 prehended violence of the people had rendered it advisable to 
 have this office performed at night. Having gained access to 
 the monument, the artist plied his brush industriously for some 
 time, and, on descending, requested the watchman to take 
 care of the painting utensils left on the statue, while he repaired 
 to his employer's warehouse for some material necessary to 
 complete the decoration. The night, however, passed away 
 without the return of the painter ; and at daybreak on Sunday 
 the statue was found completely covered with an. unctuous 
 black pigment, composed of tar and grease, most difficult to 
 remove, the vessel which had contained the mixture being sus- 
 pended from a halter tied round the King's neck. This act 
 caused the most violent excitement amongst the Orange So- 
 cieties in the city, but, fortunately for himself, the adventurous 
 artist was not discovered ; and the affair was chronicled as fol- 
 lows in a street ballad, to the air of the old Dublin gaol song, 
 " The night before Larry was stretched :" 
 
 " The night before Billy's birth-day 
 
 Some friend to the Dutchman came to him, 
 And, though he expected no pay, 
 
 He told the policeman he'd do him ; 
 ' For,' said he, ' I must have Mm in style : 
 
 The job is not wonderful heavy, 
 And I'd rather sit up for a while 
 
 Than see him undress'd at the levee : 
 
 For he was the broth of a boy.'
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 63 
 
 Then up to his Highness he goes, 
 
 And with tar he anointed his body, 
 So that when the morning arose 
 
 He look'd like a sweep in a noddy ; 
 It fitted him just to the skin, 
 
 Wherever the journeyman stuck it ; 
 And, after committing the sin, 
 
 ' Have an eye,' said he, ' "Watch, to the bucket : 
 For I have not done with him yet.' 
 
 " The birth-day being now very nigh, 
 
 And swaddling clothes made for the hero, 
 A painter was sent for to try 
 
 To whitewash the face of the Negro ; 
 He gave him the brush, to be sure, 
 
 But the first man so deeply did stain him 
 That the whitewash eifected no cure : 
 Faith, the whole Kiver Boyne would not clean him ! 
 And still he remains in the dirt." 
 
 The usual ceremonies were performed round the monument 
 on the Monday after this affair; but in the succeeding year the 
 Duke of Bedford, then Lord Lieutenant, refused to sanction the 
 procession by his presence. The annual decorations were, not- 
 withstanding, regularly supplied ; but the practice of firing 
 volleys over the statue was discontinued ; and Sir Abra- 
 ham Bradley King, Lord Mayor in 1820-21, endeavoured 
 unsuccessfully to abolish the observance altogether. Imme- 
 diately previous to the visit of George IV. to Ireland, it was 
 agreed that the Protestants and Catholics of Dublin should, 
 during his Majesty's stay, lay aside their party differences and 
 assemble together at a public banquet to entertain the King. 
 This arrangement was nearly dissolved by some persons 
 dressing the statue, as usual, on the 12th of July, 1821; a 
 reconciliation, was, however, effected by the Lord Mayor's 
 declaration that it had been done in defiance of his orders, and 
 without his knowledge. At half-past 4 o'clock in the morning
 
 54 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 of Friday, the 12th of July, 1822, a body of Orangemen 
 marched in procession to College-green, bearing the customary 
 paraphernalia, with which they proceeded to decorate the statue, 
 as usual, amid cheers and vociferations. At that early hour, 
 and during the day, several persons expressed their disappro- 
 bation of the exhibition. Towards 9 in the evening a consi- 
 derable crowd had collected round the statue, and much ex- 
 citement prevailed, the mob having seized and beaten an 
 Orangeman who had drawn a cane-sword. About 1 o'clock 
 the four lamps surrounding the statue were demolished, and 
 a few active young men rapidly mounted the pedestal, tore 
 down the Orange insigna and flung them in the kennel. At 
 this juncture the Orangemen, aided by a detachment of police 
 and yeomanry, having obliged the populace to retire, took up 
 their station round the monument, and with shouts of triumph, 
 which alarmed the whole neighbourhood, maintained their po- 
 sition, obliging all passengers to take off their hats to the 
 statue. At 1 1 P. M. these proceedings terminated. A party 
 of yeomanry, in uniform, unrobed the statue, and the trap- 
 pings were removed in a hackney-coach to Daly's tavern in 
 Werburgh-street, which had formed the head-quarters of the 
 Orangemen during the day. Several persons having been 
 severely wounded during this affray, and there being reason 
 to apprehend that dangerous results might ensue on the next 
 4th of November, the Lord Mayor, John Smith Fleming, 
 issued a proclamation on the 21st of October, 1822, prohibit- 
 ing the " decoration of the statue, or affixing thereto any 
 emblem, ornament, or device whatever, with a view to the 
 approaching anniversaries." Since the promulgation of this 
 decree the annual processions and decorations have been 
 abandoned. 
 
 The last demonstration here was during Lord Anglesey's 
 viceroy alty, when the Repeal procession of the Tradesof Dublin, 
 headed by the gentleman who now holds the office of Attorney- 
 General to her Britannic Majesty at Gibraltar, marched round
 
 COLLEGE-GREEN. 55 
 
 the statue of William, on their way to present an address to 
 Daniel O'Connell, at Merrion- square. William Cobbett was 
 said to have expressed his conviction that there never would be 
 peace in Dublin until the statue had been demolished, the latest, 
 as well as the most ingenious and successful assault on which 
 was made in 1836. During the month of March of that year 
 three attempts were made to blow it up. Thomas Smith, a 
 watchman, located at the College gate, on one of these occa- 
 sions, discovered a lighted match attached to the statue, and 
 removed it with his pole. On a closer examination he found, 
 in a hole upon the horse's side, a nail joined to a long string 
 of hemp, one yard of the latter being on the exterior, and two 
 yards in the interior of the body of the leaden horse. The 
 discovery was duly reported at the watch-house, and, although 
 the latter was then under the control of a Conservative Corpo- 
 ration, no precautionary steps were taken. On the night of 
 Thursday, the 7th of April, 1836, at a few minutes past 12 
 o'clock, a light appeared suddenly on the northern side of the 
 statue, and immediately afterwards the figure of the King was 
 blown several feet into the air, with a deafening explosion, 
 extinguishing all the lamps in College-green and its vicinity. 
 The figure fell at a considerable distance from the pedestal, in 
 the direction of Church-lane ; its legs and arms were broken, 
 and its head completely defaced by the fall ; the horse was also 
 much injured and shattered in several places. The mutilated 
 figure was next day placed in a cart and conveyed to College- 
 street police-office, where it was deposited in the hall while an 
 investigation was held relative to the circumstance connected 
 with the outrage. The inquiry, however, elicited no important 
 information, except that, on a careful examination of the rider- 
 less horse, a hole was found bored in its back, between the 
 right hip and the saddle skirt ; and as there was no appearance 
 of gunpowder having been placed in its body, it was concluded 
 that the agency of fulminating silver had been employed. 
 The occurrence for some time furnished the newspapers
 
 56 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 and ballad-singers with an interesting theme: the Catholics 
 charged the Orangemen with the offence, while the latter re- 
 pelled the imputation, and ridiculed a meeting held by the 
 Liberal party on the 25th of April, in the Exchange, for the 
 purpose of " expressing indignation at the outrage on the 
 statue of King William III., and of devising means of bringing 
 the perpetrators to justice." Rewards of 100 and 200 were 
 offered respectively by the Lord Lieutenant and the Corpora- 
 tion for the detection of the iconoclast, who was not discovered, 
 and the secret was kept until the term of the information ex- 
 pired. The Corporation issued notices that they would receive 
 proposals from contractors to restore the statue, and the da- 
 mages having been repaired, King William was reinstated in 
 his seat, and exposed to public view on the 1st of the follow- 
 ing July. 
 
 During the Mayoralty of Daniel O'Connell, in 1842, the 
 statue was coloured bronze, and in the succeeding year the 
 pedestal was cleared of the numerous coatings of paint with 
 which it had been covered. The railings, with the fountain 
 on the western side, have been removed ; and, at the expense 
 of the Corporation of the city, the statue was thoroughly re- 
 paired and strengthened in 1855.
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 CARYE'S HOSPITAL CHICHESTER HOUSE THE PARLIAMENT 
 HOUSE. 
 
 ON part of a garden in the eastern suburbs of Dublin, a 
 large edifice, intended for an hospital, was erected, at the 
 cost of above four thousand pounds, towards the close of the 
 sixteenth century, by Sir George Carew or Carye, President 
 of Munster, and Lord High Treasurer of Ireland. During 
 Michaelmas, 1605, and the two succeeding terms, the Courts 
 of Law were held in " Carye's Hospital," the purchase of which 
 was contemplated in 1606 by the Government, but, the latter 
 being unwilling to pay four thousand pounds, the sum de- 
 manded for the building, Carew set it to his successor in the 
 Treasurership, Sir Thomas Rldgeway, first Earl of London- 
 derry. The Hospital, described at this time as "a large 
 mansion, with a gate-house, a garden, and plantations," was 
 subsequently transferred to Sir Arthur Basset, from whom it 
 passed to Sir Arthur Chichester, acquiring from him the 
 name of " Chichester House." Chichester having in early 
 life been obliged to fly from England to escape punishment 
 for a robbery which he perpetrated upon one of Queen 
 Elizabeth's purveyors, repaired to France and there distin- 
 guished himself as a soldier under Henri IV., from whom 
 he received knighthood. He was subsequently pardoned, and 
 employed by the Queen in Ireland, where his eminent ser- 
 vices procured him the command of the forces stationed in 
 Ulster. In 1604 he was appointed Lord Deputy, and sent 
 the first English judges of assize into Connacht ; while his 
 exertions in carrying out the Plantation of Ulster were re-
 
 58 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 warded by large regal grants in that province, together with 
 the title of Baron of Belfast, in 1612. Chichester , while in 
 Dublin, resided in "his own house at Hoggen Green" during 
 his tenure of the Deputyship of Ireland from 1604 to 1615 ; 
 and the Exchequer records mention that in the latter year 
 Richard Brown was sworn Mayor of Dublin, on the Red 
 Book of the Exchequer, before the Lord Deputy and 
 Council, at " Chichester House," outside the walls of the 
 city. 
 
 After his removal from the Government in 1615, Chi- 
 chester was created Lord High Treasurer of Ireland ; and 
 in 1622 proceeded as the Ambassador from James I. to the 
 Palatinate in Germany. He died without issue, in 1624, 
 and his estates passed to his brother, Sir Edward Chichester, 
 in whose favour the peerage was revived, with the additional 
 honour of Viscount Chichester, of Carrickfergus. 
 
 From an unpublished memorandum roll of the Court of 
 Exchequer, of the third year of Charles I., we learn that, at 
 his decease, Sir Arthur Chichester, among other debts, owed 
 to the King a sum of 10,000, which his brother discharged 
 by sale of a portion of his estates, in the execution of which 
 he had sold to Sir Samuel Smith " an absolute estate in fee- 
 simple of the house called * Carye's Hospital,' and more lately 
 called Chichester House, and other the premises thereunto 
 belonging," to him and his heirs for ever, for a valuable sum 
 of money; Chichester " being willing to part with the said 
 house rather than with any other part of his estate, in regard 
 it lay most remote from any part of his dwelling." It also 
 appears that the " said house was much decayed and ruinous, 
 and still decaying," by reason that Chichester "could not 
 make his abode there," neither could he, from the opposition 
 of the feoffees, "set the same for a valuable rent." Sir 
 Samuel Smith, however, having obtained possession, " be- 
 stowed much money and cost in building and repairing the 
 house to his great charge and expense," but on his " agree-
 
 CHICHESTER HOUSE. 59 
 
 ing and contracting with others to pass unto them a lease of 
 the greatest part of the house," the feoffees, desirous of 
 obtaining it themselves, refused to ratify the agreement, to 
 which, however, they were compelled to assent by a decree 
 given " at the King's Courts, Dublin," June 12, 1627. 
 
 Chichester House was subsequently tenanted by Sir John 
 Borlase, a veteran soldier, who, having distinguished himself 
 in the wars in the Netherlands, was in 1634 appointed Mas- 
 ter-General of the Ordnance in Ireland, and nominated in 
 1640 Lord Justice, in conjunction with Sir William Parsons. 
 
 At Chichester House, on the night of the 22nd of Oc- 
 tober, 1641, Borlase and his colleague, Parsons, received 
 from the inebriated Owen O'Connolly information relative 
 to the attempt intended to be made on the next day to seize 
 Dublin Castle ; in consequence of which they immediately 
 summoned the Privy Council, with the two members of which 
 who attended them, they sat here till the following morning 
 in consultation. O'Connolly, who, at his own request, had 
 been provided with a bed, to sleep off the effects of the drink 
 under which he laboured, was subsequently examined upon 
 oath ; but doubts have been cast upon the authenticity of the 
 document given to the public as his deposition, on account 
 of its not being attested by the signature of Justice Borlase, 
 in whose house it was taken. Hugh Mac Mahon, a grandson 
 of the great Hugh O'ls eill, and who had served as Lieute- 
 nant-Colonel under the King of Spain, having been arrested 
 on the northern side of the city, upon O'Connolly 's informa- 
 tion, was, at about 5 o'clock on the same morning, carried 
 before the Council and Justices at Chichester House, where 
 he undauntedly declared that he was associated with those who 
 designed to surprise the Castle; and "withal told them, that 
 it was true they had him in their power, and might use him 
 how they pleased, but he was sure he would be revenged." 
 Mac Mahon was committed a prisoner to Dublin Castle, whi- 
 ther the Lords Justices and Council removed on the next 
 day from Chichester House.
 
 60 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 The first Parliament convened in Ireland after the Resto- 
 ration was opened at Chichester House, on the 8th of May, 
 1661. In the House of Peers, the Lords having taken their 
 places, John Bramhall, the English Primate of all Ireland, 
 seated on the woolsack, delivered the King's commission 
 constituting him Speaker; the Lords Justices, Sir Maurice 
 Eustace, Roger Boyle Earl of Orrery, and Charles Coote 
 Earl of Mountrath, took their seats in chairs set on an ele- 
 vation under the cloth of state, Lord Baltinglass bearing the 
 sword, Viscount Montgomery carrying the cap of maintenance, 
 and the Earl of Kildare holding the robe. The House of 
 Commons was composed almost exclusively of Protestant 
 English settlers, with the exceptions of one Catholic and one 
 Anabaptist, both returned for Tuam, whence their Speaker 
 Sir Audley Mervyn, in his official address to the Lords 
 Justices, observed : " I may warrantably say, since Ireland 
 was happy under an English Government, there was never 
 so choice a collection of Protestant fruit that ever grew within 
 the walls of the Commons' House. Your Lordships have 
 piped in your summons to this Parliament, and the Irish have 
 danced. How many have voted for and signed to the returns 
 of Protestant elections ? So that we may hope for, as we 
 pray, that Japhet may be persuaded to dwell in the tent of 
 Shem." Among the members of the Commons were the 
 famous Sir William Temple, Sir James Ware, Sir William 
 Petty, and the learned Dr. Dudley Loftus. 
 
 This Parliament continued, with various prorogations, to 
 sit till the 8th of August, 1666, when it was dissolved, hav- 
 ing, in the previous year, passed the Acts of Settlement and 
 Explanation, placing the Cromwellian adventurers in the pos- 
 session of the lands of the Irish adherents of the Stuarts, to the 
 extent of seven millions eight hundred thousand acres. " A 
 measure of such sweeping and appalling oppression is," observes 
 an English writer, " perhaps without a parallel in the history 
 of civilized nations : its injustice could not be denied ; and the 
 only apology offered in its behalf was the stern necessity of
 
 CHICHESTER HOUSE. 61 
 
 quieting the fears and jealousies of the Cromwellian settlers, 
 and of establishing on a permanent basis the Protestant ascen- 
 dancy in Ireland." 
 
 " Chichester House" was taken by the Crown for the 
 Parliament of Ireland in the twenty-fifth year of Charles II., 
 when John Parry, Bishop of Ossory, who had become possessed 
 of the property, leased to Sir Henry Forde, Secretary to the 
 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, on the behalf of his Majesty and 
 his successors, "all that part and so much of the messuages, 
 houses, gardens, lands, and tenements, called ' Chichester 
 House,' as was then in his Majesty's possession, for the use of 
 the two Houses of Parliament ; which are expressed to be a 
 large room, wherein the Lords sat ; two committee-rooms for 
 the Lords on the same floor ; a stair-head room ; a robe-room ; 
 a wainscot-room at the stair foot ; a conference-room below- 
 stairs, wherein the Commons sat ; a passage-room leading 
 to the committee-room, two committee-rooms above-stairs 
 for the Commons ; the Speaker's room : two rooms below- 
 stairs for the sergeant-at-arms ; three rooms adjoining for the 
 clerk ; two small cellars ; a gate-house next the street, con- 
 taining five small rooms ; a court-yard, with an entry through 
 the house to the back yard ; a stable-yard, with a range of 
 old buildings, containing five rooms, with a coal-yard, a 
 stable, and an house of office ; a large garden, with an old ban- 
 queting-house, and house of office ; and all other rooms in 
 the said house then in his Majesty's possession ; to have and 
 to hold the same for the term of ninety-nine years, paying the 
 rent of 22 for the first six months, and for the next ensuing 
 two years and six months the yearly rent of 105; and for 
 the residue of the said term the yearly rent of 180." In 
 1670, William Robinson, Esq., was granted by the King the 
 out-ground and gardens belonging to " Chichester House," 
 " except a terras- walk at the east end of the said house, twenty- 
 five feet broad, and a terras-walk on the south side of the said 
 house, twenty feet broad ; and a back yard forty feet deep,"
 
 62 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 at the yearly rent of 1, provided that no building should be 
 erected on any of the said places, and that he should keep 
 the house in repair, and pay all taxes for gaol, hospital, and 
 poor, and other usual payments payable thereout. 
 
 The office of Keeper of the Parliament House was in- 
 stituted in the reign of Charles II. ; the preamble of the 
 patent, dated Dublin, 2nd June, 1677, states: "Whereas, 
 William Robinson, Esq., Superintendent-General of our for- 
 tifications and buildings in Ireland, hath of his humble petition 
 besought us, that whereas Chichester House, taken by us for 
 the use of our Parliament, being uninhabited during the inter- 
 vals of Parliament, doth much decay, and the reparations, 
 being incumbent on us, are now grown very chargeable, we 
 would be pleased to grant him a lease of the out-grounds and 
 gardens belonging to the said house, for 90 years, from 26th 
 March, 1677 5 under some acknowledgement of rent payable 
 thereout to us ; and also to have the keeping of the said house 
 in the intervals of Parliament, during his life, upon which ac- 
 count he will be obliged to all reparations at his own charge 
 during the said term ;" whereupon, adds the record, his Ma- 
 jesty granted the Keepership of the said House in the intervals 
 of Parliament to the said William Robinson, Esq., Knight. 
 
 The statute of the tenth year of Henry VII., styled " Poy- 
 ning's Law," enacted that no Parliament should be held in 
 Ireland without the license of the King of England, and thai 
 no Acts passed in an Irish Parliament should be valid, except 
 those which had previously been approved of by the monarch 
 and the English Privy Council. 
 
 The first Parliament convened in Ireland after the termina- 
 tion of the wars of the Revolution assembled at " Chichester 
 House" in 1692, and was composed mainly of English colo- 
 nists ; the British Legislature having passed, in 1691, an Act 
 excluding Catholics from sitting in either House of Represen- 
 tatives. 
 
 "Yesterday, October 5th, 1692, being," says the. contem-
 
 CHICHESTER HOUSE. 63 
 
 porary account, " the day appointed for the meeting of the 
 Parliament, in the morning my Lord Lieutenant [Henry 
 Viscount Sidney], was attended at the Castle by the Lord 
 Chancellor, Archbishops and Bishops in their white habits, 
 the members of the Privy Council, the Judges in their robes, 
 the officers in Chancery, most of the Peers, and many of the 
 House of Commons. About ten of the clock his Excellency 
 set out from the Castle towards the Parliament House : before 
 his coach went the Trumpets and Kettle-Drums, the Pages, 
 the Yeomen of the stirrup, the Gentlemen-at-large, the three 
 Pursuivants, the Chaplains, the Steward and Comptroller of 
 the house, the Herahls-at-arms, the Sergeants-at-arms, the 
 Gentlemen-ushers, and then the King-at-arms. After his 
 conch went the Horse-guards, and the Nobility with several 
 coaches and six horses, the way being lined on both sides from 
 the Castle to the Parliament House with foot. When his 
 Excellency came to the Parliament House, he went imme- 
 diately into the robing-room, after which the House proceeded 
 according to the accustomed manner. The Bishop of Kildare, 
 being the youngest bishop, read prayers ; the Lord Chancellor 
 and the rest of the Lords, which were in by descent, or had 
 passed before ; the Archbishops and Bishops took the oaths 
 and subscribed the declaration ; and after them the inferior 
 officers of the house. The Lord Chancellor being made ac- 
 quainted that there were several Lords who desired to be in- 
 troduced, he appointed two of the eldest Peers (which were 
 the Lords Ely and Massareene) to bring them into the Lords' 
 House : the Lords who were introduced were the Lord 
 Longford, Lord Blessington, Lord Shelburne, and the Lord 
 Coningsby, one by one, before whom went the King-at-arms, 
 and the Usher of the Black Rod ; each as he came in delivered 
 his patent and writ of summons on his knees to the Speaker, 
 which he caused to be read by one of the Clerks ; and being 
 allowed of, he took his seat ; which being all done, my Lord 
 Lieutenant entered the House in his robes ; before him went
 
 64 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 his Gentlemen, the two White staves, the Black Rod, the two 
 Heralds, the cap of maintenance carried by my Lord Donegal, 
 the Sword by the Earl of Meath ; the train was held up by 
 three noblemen's sons, who were the Earl of Drogheda's son, 
 Mr. Boyle, my Lord Clifford's son, and the Lord Santry's 
 son. His Excellency being seated in the throne, my Lord 
 Chancellor standing on his right hand, ordered the Black Rod 
 to go to the House of Commons, and acquaint them that his 
 Excellency commanded them to attend at the bar of the House 
 of Lords. After they were come up, his Excellency made a 
 speech to them, and then my Lord Chancellor directed them 
 to return and chuse their Speaker. My Lord Lieutenant being 
 returned from his robe-room, the Lord Chancellor adjourned 
 the House to Friday, ten of the clock, at which time the 
 Commons were to present their Speaker to his Excellency. 
 The House of Commons being returned and sat, an honorable 
 Member of the house, being one of the Privy Council, moved 
 and put the House in mind, that Sir Richard Levinge, their 
 Majesties' Solicitor-general, would be a fit person to supply 
 the chair : and the question being put by the Clerk, by direc- 
 tion of the House, it was resolved that Sir Richard Levinge, 
 Knight, their Majesties' Solicitor-general, be Speaker of this 
 House; and thereupon Mr. Speaker was conducted to the 
 chair, and placed therein by two of the Members, one whereof 
 was the person who first moved for the question. The Speaker 
 afterwards, standing up, gave the House thanks for the honor 
 they had done him, excusing his inability for so great an un- 
 dertaking and trust, promising, nevertheless, his utmost en- 
 deavours to serve their Majesties and this country, and hoped 
 this House would assist and support him therein. Mr. Speaker 
 being seated, a motion was made for the reading a late Act of 
 Parliament made in England in the third year of their Majesties' 
 reign, intituled an Act for the abrogating the oath of supremacy 
 in Ireland, and appointing other oaths. Upon reading whereof, 
 the House* proceeded to the swearing their members then pre-
 
 CHICHESTER HOUSE. 65 
 
 sent in the House. And they being sworn, the House ad- 
 journed until Friday morning at eight a clock, in order to at- 
 tend his Excellency, the Lord Lieutenant, and present their 
 Speaker to him, according to his Excellency's command." 
 
 This Parliament had been convened by Government to 
 supply funds for discharging the public debts contracted during 
 the war with the Irish Jacobites ; but the House of Commons, 
 irritated at the King's disinclination to violate the Treaty of 
 Limerick, and resenting the encroachment of the English 
 Legislature, rejected a Money Bill transmitted to them from 
 London, and passed resolutions that it was the sole and un- 
 doubted right of the Commons of Ireland to prepare heads of 
 Bills for raising money ; they also ordered an entry to be 
 made in their Journals that the Bill was thrown out by them 
 because it had not had its rise in their House. 
 
 The Viceroy, Lord Sydney, reproved the Commons for 
 their conduct in this affair, and, on proroguing the Parliament 
 on the 3rd of November, 1692, addressed them as follows, in 
 his speech from the throne : 
 
 " These votes of yours being contrary to the Statutes of 
 the tenth of Henry the Seventh and the third and fourth of 
 Philip and Mary, and the continued practice ever since, I 
 find myself obliged to assert their Majesties' prerogative and 
 therights of the Crown of England, in these particulars, in such 
 a manner as may be most public and permanent ; and there- 
 fore I do here, in full Parliament, make my public protest 
 against those votes and the entries of them in the Journal of 
 the House of Commons : which Protest I require the Clerk of 
 this House to read, and afterwards to enter it in the Journals 
 of this House, that it may remain as a vindication of their 
 Majesties' prerogative, and the right of the Crown of England 
 in these particulars, to future ages." 
 
 The Parliament of Ireland was again convened in August, 
 1695, and some of the members of its Committee for Religion 
 are stated to have proposed that John Toland, the noted Irish 
 
 VOL. III. F
 
 66 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 deistical writer, should be burned alive for propagating, in 
 his treatise entitled " Christianity not Mysterious," views op- 
 posed to the doctrine of the Established Church. Another 
 less zealous member suggested that the author should be 
 obliged to burn his book publicly; but Toland having de- 
 camped from Dublin, the Committee were obliged to content 
 themselves with having " Christianity not Mysterious" 
 burned by the hangman, at noon, on College-green, at the 
 gate of the Parliament House, and at the Tholsel. The Par- 
 liament also petitioned the Viceroy to prohibit the sale of the 
 book, and to order the prosecution of Toland, who, in safety 
 at a distance, compared these Protestant legislators to the 
 " Popish Inquisitors, who," said he, " performed that execu- 
 tion on the book when they could not seize the author, whom 
 they had destined to the flames." 
 
 The Parliament continued to sit at " Chichester House" 
 till prorogued in January, 1698-9, and its dissolution took 
 place in the ensuing June. 
 
 The English Parliament in 1698 made a formidable en- 
 croachment upon the judicial power of the Legislature of 
 Ireland by annulling a decision given by the Irish House of 
 Lords in a suit between the Bishop of Derry and the Irish 
 Society. This proceeding, combined with the Act introduced 
 in the English Parliament, prohibiting the exportation of the 
 woollen manufactures of Ireland, elicited from William Moly- 
 neux, noticed in our account of New-row, his treatise, entitled 
 the " Case of Ireland being bound by Acts of Parliament in 
 England stated," in which he maintained that this newly 
 assumed prerogative was opposed to precedent and history. 
 After having cited the various records supporting his argu- 
 ment, Molyneux, at the close of his treatise, protested against 
 being subjected to the Acts passed by the Legislature of 
 another country. 
 
 "If," wrote he, "the religion, lives, liberties, fortunes, 
 and estates of the clergy, nobility, and gentry of Ireland, may
 
 CHICHESTER HOUSE. 67 
 
 be disposed of, without their privity and consent, what bene- 
 fit have they of any laws, liberties, or privileges granted unto 
 them by the Crown of England ? I am loth to give their 
 condition an hard name ; but I have no other notion of slavery, 
 but being bound by a law to which I do not consent. 
 
 "The obligation of all laws having the same foundation, if 
 one law may be imposed without consent, any other law what- 
 ever may be imposed on us without our consent. This will 
 naturally introduce taxing us without our consent ; and this 
 as necessarily destroys our property. I have no other notion 
 of property but a power of disposing my goods as I please, 
 and not as another shall command: whatever another may 
 rightfully take from me without my consent, I have certainly 
 no property in. To tax me without consent is little better, 
 if at all, than downright robbing me." Lastly, adds Mo- 
 lyneux, " the people of Ireland are left by this doctrine in the 
 greatest confusion and uncertainty imaginable. We are cer- 
 tainly bound to obey the supreme authority over us ; and yet 
 hereby we are not permitted to know who are or what the same 
 is; whether the Parliament of England or that of Ireland, or 
 both ; and in what cases the one, and in what the other : 
 which uncertainty is or may be made a pretence at any time 
 for disobedience. It is not impossible but the different Legis- 
 latures we are subject to may enact different or contrary 
 sanctions : which of these may we obey ? 
 
 " We have heard great outcries, and deservedly, on break- 
 ing the Edict of Nantes, and other stipulations ; how far the 
 breaking our Constitution, which has been of 500 years' stand- 
 ing, exceeds that, I leave the world to judge." 
 
 Molyneux declared himself persuaded that in this question 
 the true welfare of England was as deeply engaged as the 
 Protestant interest of Ireland ; and although he avowed his 
 intention of submissively acquiescing in the decision of the 
 English Parliament, the latter condemned his treatise, which 
 they ordered to be publicly burned in London by the common 
 hangman. 
 
 F2
 
 68 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN 
 
 In the year 1700 the lands of the Irish adherents of 
 James II. were sold by public auction, or "cant," at "Chi- 
 chester House." From these forfeitures, amounting to upwards 
 of one million of acres, large grants had been made by Wil- 
 liam III. to the foreign officers who had served under him in 
 the Irish wars. An act of resumption, however, replaced these 
 lands in the hands of the English Parliament ; and, when sold, 
 they were so much deteriorated in value, by embezzlement and 
 malversation, that the sum they produced was comparatively 
 small ; the greater part of the estates of the Irish Jacobites, in- 
 stead of having been applied to reduce the heavy expenses of the 
 Williamite wars, thus served to aggrandize and enrich a num- 
 ber of adventurers. The claims of the various parties interested 
 in these estates began to be heard by the Trustees in Septem- 
 ber, 1700, and the sittings concluded in 1702. The particulars 
 of these proceedings are preserved in a large volume of 363 
 pages, printed in 1701, and entitled " A List of the Claims as 
 they are entered with the Trustees at Chichester House on 
 College-green, Dublin, on or before the 10th of August, 1700." 
 During the latter part of the period appointed for the registry 
 of the claims the crowds attending at Chichester House were 
 very great, and on one day upwards of 300 petitions were pre- 
 sented. The sales terminated on 23rd June, 1703. The 
 auction bills were printed on large sheets of paper, under the 
 following heads : " Late proprietors' names, and nature of 
 their estates; denominations; number of acres, Irish measure; 
 yearly rents, 1702; real value per annum; neat value to be 
 set up at ; tenants' names ; quality of the land, &c. ; estate or 
 interest claimed or allowed." A collection of these bills, con- 
 taining the names of the purchasers, and the amounts realized 
 by each lot, was made by the late Austin Cooper, and bound 
 in a large volume with the following title : " ABook of Postings 
 and sale of the forfeited and other estates in Ireland, vested 
 in the Honourable Sir Cyril Wich, Knt., Francis Annesley, 
 Esq., James Hamilton, Esq., John Baggs, Esq., John Tren-
 
 CHICHESTER HOUSE. 69 
 
 chard, Esq., John Isham, Esq., Henry Langford, Esq., James 
 Hooper, Esq., John Carey, gent., Sir Henry Shere, Knt, 
 Thomas Harrison, Esq., William Fellowes, Esq., Thomas 
 Kawlins, Esq., Trustees nominated and appointed by Act of 
 Parliament made in England in the eleventh and twelfth years 
 of the reign of King William the Third, intituled an Act for 
 granting an Aid to his Majesty by the Sale of the forfeited 
 and other Estates and Interests in Ireland, and by a Land Tax 
 in England, for the several purposes therein mentioned." 
 
 Among the documents of the Court of King's Bench is a 
 record that Bryan Hogan, and Edmond Lindon, having been 
 found guilty of perjury before the Trustees at " Chichester 
 House," were ordered " to be carried publicly through the 
 streets of the city of Dublin to 'Chichester House' aforesaid, 
 and be carried unto the Trustees' Court, with these words 
 written in large letters on papers, on each of their breasts, viz. : 
 ' This is for perjury committed here,' and then to be re- 
 conveyed to Newgate, and there imprisoned until the latter 
 paid a fine of 20, and the former of 10." 
 
 In 1703 the English Parliament having reversed a decree 
 of the House of Lords of Ireland, ordered the Earl of Meath 
 to be ejected from certain lands in Tipperary ; but the Irish 
 Peers protested, and commanded the sheriff of the county to 
 reinstate the Earl. 
 
 On the 22nd of February, 1703, Sir Theobald Butler, 
 Counsellor Malone, and Sir Stephen Rice, the most eminent 
 Catholic lawyers of the time, the two former in their gowns, 
 as counsel for the petitioners in general, and the latter without 
 a gown, as a petitioner in his private capacity, together with 
 many others, appeared at the bar of the House of Commons, 
 where they vainly appealed against the infringement of the 
 Treaty of Limerick by the enactment of the first Bill " to pre- 
 vent the further growth of Popery." Their appeal at the Bar 
 of the House of Lords, six days afterwards, was attended with 
 no better success ; and the Irish regretted, too late, having
 
 70 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 laid down their arms on the faith of a Treaty which, although 
 solemnly guaranteed under the Great Seal of England, was, as 
 on former occasions, observed no longer than suited the pur- 
 poses of the stronger party. Thus, in opposition to a mino- 
 rity of their own party, was initiated by the Colonial Legis- 
 lature, described by Lord Chancellor Clare as a motley crew 
 of English adventurers, the unparalleled Penal Code : that 
 complete system, full of coherence and consistency, well di- 
 gested and well composed in all its parts ; a machine of elabo- 
 rate contrivance, as well fitted, said Edmund Burke, "for the 
 oppression, impoverishment, and degradation of a people, and 
 the debasement in them of human nature itself, as ever pro- 
 ceeded from the perverted ingenuity of man." 
 
 In 1709 it was found necessary to expend a considerable 
 sum in repairing "Chichester House," and "although several 
 parts of the interior were in such order as that they might last 
 a considerable time, yet they appeared by no means fit to con- 
 tinue in the condition they were in for the Parliament, the 
 floors being very uneven, and patched in many places, and the 
 windows and ceilings very unbecoming." From an official 
 document of the year 1709 we learn that the roof of Chi- 
 chester House was 110 feet square, that the house had eight 
 stacks of chimneys ; and that there were five windows in the 
 roof of the House of Commons. It also appeared that the 
 Banqueting House had then fallen to the ground. " I re- 
 member," says Lord Mountnorres in 1792, " to have heard 
 from a clerk of the House of Lords, Mr. Hawker, that Chi- 
 chester House was very inconvenient. I," adds his Lord- 
 ship, " cannot help, however, lamenting that a map of the 
 dispositions of the apartments and grounds of Chichester 
 House, which, about twenty years ago, was hung up in the 
 House of Commons' Coffee-house, was unaccountably lost." 
 
 The English Peers, in 1717, entertained an appeal from 
 Maurice Annesley against a decree of the Irish Lords, whose 
 decision they reversed; and, supported by the authority of the
 
 CHICHESTER HOUSE. 71 
 
 English Barons of the Irish Exchequer, they directed the she 
 riff of Kildare to reinstate Annesley in the lands from which 
 he had been dispossessed by order of the House of Lords of 
 Ireland. The sheriff having been heavily mulcted for refusing 
 to execute this English order, appealed to the Irish House of 
 Peers, which remitted the fines, declaring that he had behaved 
 himself with integrity and courage, and with due respect to 
 the orders and resolutions of Parliament. 
 
 The Duke of Leeds formally protested against the vote of 
 the House of Lords in England, which declared this trial be- 
 fore the Irish Peers to be coram non judice, and the latter ap- 
 pealed to the King against the attempts made to transfer the 
 court of dernier resort or final judicature from them to the Eng- 
 lish Lords. The controversy was terminated by the English 
 Parliament passing the declaratory Statute of 6 George I. 
 (1719), which expressly set forth: " That the Kingdom of 
 Ireland hath been, is, and of right ought to be, subordinate 
 unto, and dependent upon, the Imperial Crown of Great 
 Britain, as being inseparately united and annexed thereunto, 
 and that the King, with the consent of the Lords and Com- 
 mons of Great Britain in Parliament assembled, hath power 
 to make laws of sufficient force to bind j the Kingdom and 
 people of Ireland. And that the House of Lords of Ireland 
 have not, nor ought of right to have, any jurisdiction to judge 
 of, affirm, or reverse any judgment or decree made in any court 
 within the said Kingdom ; and that all proceedings before the 
 said House of Lords upon any such judgment or decree, are 
 void." 
 
 " Lord Chesterfield," says Hardy, " thought proper to term 
 the House of Lords in England an hospital of incurables ; 
 but by what appellation he would have distinguished the 
 [colonial] Irish House of Lords, I cannot well conceive. 
 However, it reflects no discredit on their Lordships, that, 
 borne down as they were by a power which they could not 
 resist, their Journals, session after session, present nothing
 
 72 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 but one unvaried waste of sterility or provincial imbecility. 
 The proceedings of many a solemn day in the first assembly 
 of the kingdom, are recorded in the following brief chronicle : 
 ' Prayers. Ordered, that the Judges be covered. Adjourned.' 
 But, whatever their unimportance, they seem, in the shreds 
 and patches of their political capacity, to have been the most 
 versatilely civil, obsequious noblemen, that could possibly exist. 
 Their varying adulation [in their addresses to the Viceroys] 
 can excite no levity ; it inspires far other sentiments ; it shows 
 the malignant effect of overbearing power, degrading all 
 within the influence of its fatal touch, and sinking the loftiest 
 natures to one sad level of piteous servility." 
 
 Swift in his " Drapier's Letters," published in 1724, 
 boldly opposed the doctrine sought to be promulgated, that 
 Ireland was a kingdom dependent upon England, and pro- 
 tested against the right which the English Parliament had 
 recently assumed, of making laws to bind Ireland, wherein 
 he observed : " They were at first openly opposed (as far as 
 truth, reason, and justice are capable of opposing) by the 
 famous Mr. Molyneux, an English gentleman born here, as 
 well as by several of the greatest patriots and best Whigs in 
 England ; but the love and torrent of power prevailed. The 
 arguments," continued the Dean, " were invincible, for, in rea- 
 son, all government without the consent of the governed, is 
 the very definition of slavery ; but, in fact, eleven men well 
 armed will certainly subdue one single man in his shirt." 
 But, added Swift, alluding to the rigid suppression of inde- 
 pendent opinion at the time, "I have done: for those who 
 have used to cramp liberty have gone so far as to resent 
 even the liberty of complaining ; although a man upon the 
 rack was never known to be refused the liberty of roaring 
 as loud as he thought fit." 
 
 The decay of " Chichester House" demanding the serious 
 attention of its frequenters, a Committee was appointed in 
 1 7 23 to report on the condition of the edifice, and to estimate
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 73 
 
 for the erection of a new Parliament House. There were 
 not, however, any steps taken towards this undertaking till 
 1727, when it was found that the outer walls of " Chichester 
 House" overhung dangerously in several places ; that the 
 wall-plates and bottoms of the rafters were so decayed that 
 but for timely repairs the roof must have fallen in ; and as it 
 appeared impracticable to put the old building in a condition 
 to stand for any length of time, a report was made on the 
 10th of January, 1728, that the erection of a new house was 
 absolutely necessary. On the succeeding day 6000 were 
 voted " towards providing materials and building a new Par- 
 liament House," the receiving of plans and proposals for 
 which was delegated to a Committee appointed by the Com- 
 mons. On the 30th of the ensuing April the House resolved 
 that the ground on which Chichester House stood, with what 
 was further proposed to be granted by Mr. Parry, was the 
 most convenient site for the erection of a new Parliament 
 House ; and Thomas Burgh, the Surveyor-General, was 
 desired to prepare and lay before the Lord Lieutenant a 
 plan for the building. 
 
 A lease of the ground for 900 years having been taken 
 by the Crown from Benjamin Parry, "Chichester House" 
 was demolished in December, 1728. On the 3rd of Fe- 
 bruary, 172, the first stone of the new building was laid with 
 great ceremony by the Lords Justices, attended by several 
 Peers, the King-at-Arms, the Sergeant-at-Arms, and Captain 
 Edward Lovet Pearce, with crowds of spectators. The foun- 
 dation stone, a large, hewn, white block, with a cavity in the 
 centre, was placed in its bed by Primate Boulter removing 
 the prop with which it was supported, after which it was 
 adjusted by the Lords Justices, assisted by the King-at-Arms, 
 who at certain intervals waved his handkerchief for the State 
 musicians to play. A large silver plate, bearing the follow- 
 ing inscription, was then placed in the cavity of the stone :
 
 74 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 " SERENISSIMTJS ET POTENTISSIMTJS REX GEORGIUS SECTTNDTTS, PER 
 EXCELLENT. DOMINTJM JOHANNEM, DOMINTJM CARTERET ET BARON DE 
 HAWNES LOCTJM TENENTEM:, ET PER EXCELLENT. DOMINOS HUGONEM, 
 ARCHIEP. ARMACHAN., THOMAM WYNDHAM, CANCELL., GTJLLEL. CON- 
 OLLY, DOM. COM. PROLOCTJT., JTJSTICIARIOS GENERALES, PRIMUM HTT- 
 JTTSCE DOMUS PARLIAMENT. LAPIDEM POSTTIT, TERTIA DIE FEBRTTARII, 
 ANNO DOM. HDCCXXVIII." 
 
 With the plate were deposited several gold and silver coins 
 of George L, George II. and his Queen, and the aperture 
 was closed by a small stone, bound down with iron bars. 
 
 Thomas Burgh, whom the Commons desired to prepare 
 plans for the new Parliament House, held the office of Director- 
 General and Overseer of Fortifications and Buildings from 1 700 
 to 1730, and published, in i724, "A Method to Determine 
 the Areas of Bight-Lined Figures universally ; very use- 
 ful for ascertaining the contents of any survey." Sir Edward 
 Lovet Pearce, who succeeded Burgh as Surveyor-General, 
 appears in all the official documents as the designer and director 
 of the building of the Parliament House. 
 
 The Committee appointed to inquire what progress had 
 been made in the building, reported in November, 1729, that 
 they could not " help observing, with the greatest pleasure, 
 an uncommon beauty, order, and contrivance in the building ; 
 and that the same had been carried on with unusual expedition 
 and diligence ; that the money expended thereupon had been 
 laid out with the greatest frugality, and the accounts thereof 
 kept in a most regular and orderly manner." The Committee 
 further observed that "the Director appointed by the Govern- 
 ment had attended the said work from the beginning with the 
 utmost application, and had thereby saved a large sum to the 
 public, which, in the course of such work, by the ordinary 
 method, must necessarily have been expended; and at the 
 same time had charged nothing for his own great expenses, 
 skill, and pains." On November 22, 1729, the day on which
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 75 
 
 this report was brought up, the Commons unanimously voted 
 the payment of 1000 to Captain Edward Lovet Pearce, for 
 the care and pains he had taken in contriving and carrying 
 on the building of the new Parliament House. 
 
 It having been found necessary to obtain possession of 
 various buildings contiguous to the site of Chichester House, 
 a Bill was passed in 1730 to enable his Majesty to purchase 
 the respective interests of the several persons entitled to the 
 houses and grounds adjoining to the new Parliament House, in 
 which edifice the first session was opened on the 5th of Octo- 
 ber, 1731, by Lionel, Duke of Dorset, then Lord Lieutenant. 
 In December of the same year the Commons agreed to a re- 
 solution to present an address to the Viceroy, that the addi- 
 tional sum of 1000 might be paid to Edward Lovet Pearce, 
 Esq., " in consideration of the care and pains he had taken in 
 carrying on the building of the Parliament House, and shall 
 take, in finishing the same." The House of Lords, at the 
 same time, unanimously resolved that Captain Edward Lovet 
 Pearce, Surveyor-General of his Majesty's works, had shown 
 true ability, skill, and good workmanship, in the building of 
 the Parliament House, and had executed his office with 
 great fidelity, care, and diligence. It was, however, rumoured 
 at the time, that Pearce had obtained the plan from Richard 
 Castle, the architect of Leinster House and other elegant 
 edifices, author of an "Essay towards supplying the City 
 of Dublin with water (1735)." Pearce was further said to 
 have cheated Castle in the transaction by not paying him the 
 amount stipulated for his plans and assistance. The earliest 
 accessible authority for these statements is a pseudonymous 
 work, printed for private circulation in 1736, the writer of 
 which admitted that Pearce had incurred his enmity by op- 
 posing him in a family lawsuit, and described the Surveyor- 
 General in the following unflattering terms : 
 
 " Eques auratus, qui et Architectus Regius : architectus, 
 si ad aides, quas extruxerat, species, iniperitus ; si ad scelera,
 
 76 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 peritissimus. Miles etiam, et Capitanei titulo insignitus est : 
 sed et rei militaris et virtutis omnis expers. Mcechus autem 
 fuit strenuus ; ac stipendia in eo bello meruit, nequaquam la- 
 borans de setate contubernalis Alieni appetens et profusus 
 mutuum argentum rogavit undique ; nee solvendo erat. Cum 
 nusquam inveniret mutuum, vim armorum ajlhibuit, et de 
 bonis extraneorum prsedatus est. Castellus sive Castles fuit 
 Architecton, cujus consilio, studio et labore nixus Perseus 
 sedificavit Senaculum Dubliniense. Postea ver6, cum amplis- 
 simis et indebitis proemiis a Senatu donatus sit, pactam 
 mercedem Castello denegavit. 
 
 " Quis, bcne qui novit Persei insidiasque dolosque, 
 Tempcret a satyra ? Regis se jaetat in aula ; 
 Ingenioque opifex alieno vivere doctus, 
 Quas non edidicit, sibi Perseus arrogat artes : 
 Cui res, et titulus, cui crevit fama labore 
 Pau peris, hen! Castelli; ac dum bis mille Senatus 
 Decernit, digno quota pars donatur amico, 
 Omnia quae fecit, solusque meretur honorem ! 
 Sic vos non vobis!" 
 
 Dr. Delany's poem, entitled the "Pheasant and the Lark," 
 published in 1730, contains a complimentary allusion to the 
 architectural skill of Pearce, who was Captain in Nevill's 
 regiment of Dragoons, and sat in the Parliament of Ireland as 
 Member for Ratoath. Pearce died at his house at Stillorgan in 
 1733, and was buried inDonnybrook Church, where also was 
 subsequently interred his brother, Lieutenant-General Thomas 
 Pearce, who had displayed great courage and abilities through 
 the campaigns in Spain and Portugal, and was elected Privy 
 Councillor, Member of Parliament, and Governor of Limerick. 
 After Sir Edward Pearce's death, the works at the Parliament 
 House were finished under the superintendence of Arthur 
 Dobbs, who succeeded him as Surveyor-General, and was said 
 also to have been assisted by Castle. 
 
 The expenditure on the Parliament House to December,
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 77 
 
 1735, including 2000 to Pearce, and 490 paid pursuant to 
 Act of Parliament, to the proprietors of the several buildings 
 which obstructed the approaches, amounted to28, 471 10s. 5%d. 
 The Parliamentary Committee appointed in 1735 to inquire 
 into the state and condition of the building, resolved " that 
 Sir Edward Lovet Pearce, late Engineer and Surveyor-Ge- 
 neral, and his executrix Anne, Lady Pearce, had faithfully 
 and honestly accounted for the several sums by him received 
 for building the Parliament House." In November, 1737, 
 there remained to be finished all the portico from the architrave 
 upwards, with its roofing and ceiling, part of the carving of the 
 voluta columns, the whole pavement within the colonnade, the 
 pavement in the area before the portico, with the balustrade 
 and iron palisade to enclose it, pursuant to the plan, to con- 
 clude which and other necessaries the House of Commons 
 voted 5461 4s. These works were completed in 1739 under 
 the superintendence of Arthur Dobbs, and the Parliamentary 
 Committee having resolved that, in finishing the building 
 he had acquitted himself with great care and frugality, the 
 House of Commons in 1741 voted him 250 " for his care and 
 pains in finishing the Parliament House." 
 
 Of the new edifice, Thomas Malton, an English artist of 
 the last century, has left the following description : 
 
 " The Parliament House of Ireland is, notwithstanding the 
 several fine pieces of architecture since recently raised, the 
 noblest structure Dublin has to boast ; and it is no hyperbole 
 to advance, that this edifice, in the entire, is the grandest, most 
 convenient, and most extensive of the kind in Europe. The 
 portico is without any of the usual architectural decorations, 
 having neither statue, vase, bas-relief, tablet, sculptured key- 
 stone, or sunk panel, to enrich it ; it derives all its beauty from 
 a simple impulse of fine art ; and is one of the few instances 
 of form only expressing true symmetry. It has been with 
 many the subject of consideration, whether it could not have 
 been rendered still more pleasing had the dado of the pedestal
 
 78 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 above the entablature been perforated, and balusters placed 
 in the openings ; but those of the best taste have been de- 
 cidedly of opinion it is b.est as the architect has put it out of 
 his hands. This noble structure is situated on College-green, 
 and is placed nearly at right angles with the west front of the 
 College. The contiguity of two such structures gives a gran- 
 deur of scene that would do honour to the first city of Europe. 
 The inside of this admirable building corresponds in every re- 
 spect with the majesty of its external appearance. The middle 
 door under the portico leads directly into the Commons-house, 
 passing through a great hall, called the Court of Requests, 
 where people assemble during the sittings of Parliament, some- 
 times large deputations of them with, and attending petitions 
 before the House. The Commons-room is truly deserving of 
 admiration. Its form is circular, 55 feet in diameter, inscribed 
 in a square. The seats whereon the members sit are disposed 
 around the centre of the room in concentric circles, one rising 
 above another. About 15 feet above the level of the floor, on 
 a cylindrical basement, are disposed 16 Corinthian columns 
 supporting a rich hemispherical dome, which crowns the whole. 
 A narrow gallery for the public, about five feet broad, with 
 very convenient seats, is fitted up, with a balustrade in front 
 between the pillars. The appearance of the House assembled 
 below from the Gallery corresponds with its importance, and 
 presents a dignity that must be seen to be felt ; the strength 
 of the orators' eloquence receives additional force from the con- 
 struction of the place, and the vibration in the dome. All 
 around the Commons-room is a beautiful corridor, which 
 communicates by three doors into the house, and to all the 
 apartments attendant thereon, which are conveniently disposed 
 about, committee-rooms, rooms for clerks, coffee-rooms, &c. 
 The House of Lords is situated to the right of the Commons, 
 and is also a noble apartment ; the body is forty feet long by 
 thirty feet wide, in addition to which, at the upper end, is a 
 circular recess 13 feet deep, like a large niche, wherein the
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 79 
 
 throne is placed, under a rich canopy of crimson velvet : and 
 at the lower end is the bar, 20 feet square. The room is or- 
 namented at each end with Corinthian columns, with niches 
 between. The entablature of the order goes round the room, 
 which is covered with a rich trunk ceiling. On the two long 
 sides of the room are two large pieces of tapestry, now [1792] 
 rather decayed : one represents the famous battle of the Boyne, 
 and the other, the siege of Deny. Here again," adds Malton, 
 "the House assembled, from below the bar a high scene of 
 picturesque grandeur is presented : and the Viceroy on his 
 throne appears with more splendour than his Majesty himself 
 on the throne of England." 
 
 The tapestry in the House of Lords was manufactured by 
 Robert Baillie, of Dublin, at the rate of three pounds per ell, 
 inclusive of the expense of the designs. When set up in the 
 House of Lords in September, 1 733, this tapestry was consi- 
 dered equal to that made at Brussels to commemorate Marl- 
 borough's victories. Baillie's original contract, in 1737, was 
 to furnish six pieces of tapestry, including, in addition to the 
 two above mentioned, the landing of the Prince of Orange and 
 his army at Carrickfergus ; his entry into Dublin ; the battle 
 of Aughrim ; and the taking of Cork and Kinsale by Marl- 
 borough. As compensation for the loss he sustained by not 
 supplying those four additional pieces, the House of Lords 
 presented Baillie with a gratuity of 200. 
 
 The Parliament of Ireland, as constituted by the policy of 
 England, was not even remotely representative of the Irish 
 people, four-fifths of whom were, as Catholics, permitted neither 
 to sit in it, nor to vote at the election of its members, who 
 openly avowed towards the natives irreconcilable antipathies 
 of country, interests, and religion. The numerical body of the 
 inhabitants having been effectually excluded from taking an 
 active part in the affairs of the nation, every important question 
 between Great Britain and Ireland affecting the political situ- 
 ations of the two countries was freed from the interference of
 
 80 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 the Irish Catholics as completely as if they had no actual exist- 
 ence ; and thus the interest of the majority of the people ex- 
 erted no influence whatever in the agitation of any national 
 subject. " The Parliament of Ireland," said Lord Chancellor 
 Clare, " seemed to have rested the security of the colony upon 
 maintaining a perpetual and impassable barrier against the an- 
 cient inhabitants of the country." 
 
 The Government business in the Parliament of Ireland 
 was managed by three or four leaders of the ascendancy, pos- 
 sessing sufficient influence in the House of Commons to obtain 
 by their coalition a clear majority upon any question. These 
 personages, styled " Undertakers," regularly stipulated with 
 the Viceroys the terms on which they would carry the King's 
 business through the House, and procure the passing of the 
 votes for supplies. In return, they required that the disposal 
 of all Court-favours, places, pensions, and preferments, should 
 pass through their hands, in order to keep their subalterns in 
 a state of dependence on them. The leader made all applica- 
 tions, and claimed as a right the privilege of gratifying his 
 friends in proportion to their numbers. When the demands 
 of the " Undertakers" were not complied with, every measure 
 was taken to cross and obstruct the business of Government, 
 and the Parliamentary session became a struggle for power 
 between the heads of rival parties, who, during the absence of 
 the Viceroy, pushed themselves into the office of Lord Jus- 
 tice, according to the prevalence of their interest. 
 
 To obviate the inconveniences resulting from that portion of 
 " Poyning's Law" decreeing that no Acts should be passed in the 
 Irish Legislature except those which had been approved in Eng- 
 land, and transmitted thence before the opening of the Parlia- 
 ment of Ireland, a StatuteofPhilipand Mary authorized the Irish 
 Peers and Commons to pass all Bills which should, at any time 
 during the session, be certified to the King by the Viceroy 
 and Privy Council, as expedient for the kingdom, and returned 
 under the Great Seal of England. This Statute and Poy-
 
 THE PAKLIAMENT HOUSK. 81 
 
 nings' Act regulated the entire proceedings of the Legislature 
 of Ireland, and at the first sitting of every new Parliament, and 
 then only, Bills were sent over under the Great Seal of Eng- 
 land, and either passed or rejected by the two Houses. The 
 ordinary course was for a Member of either House to bring in 
 "heads of a Bill," which, if passed, were carried to the Vice- 
 roy, and by him referred to the Privy Council, who, having 
 made such alterations as they desired, certified them to the King 
 under the Great Seal of Ireland. The Privy Council of England 
 referred the document to their Attorney-General ; and after 
 having undergone his amendments, with the approval of the 
 Council, it was returned under the Great Seal of England to 
 the Parliament of Ireland, which could merely receive or re- 
 ject, but had not the power of altering a word of it. The 
 Bill, having passed a second time the House in which it had 
 taken its rise, was sent to the other House, and subsequently 
 received the Royal Assent. Any proposed Bills militating 
 against the sentiments of Government were usually arrested 
 in their progress to the Throne by the Irish Privy Council 
 refusing to certify them ; and this suppression was technically 
 styled " putting them under the cushion." The authority thus 
 assumed by the Privy Council of standing between the King 
 and his subjects was frequently employed to prevent the enact- 
 ment of proposed laws of the most salutary nature ; and was 
 consequently long considered a heavy grievance by the people. 
 
 The Viceroy's visits to the Parliament House were conducted 
 with all the pomp and state of royalty, the streets, from the 
 Castle to the College, being lined with soldiers on these occa- 
 sions ; while a squadron of cavalry accompanied the cortege, 
 which moved forward in solemn procession amidst military 
 music. On entering the Parliament House, the Viceroy 
 went to his " robing-room ;" thence, arrayed in royal robes, he 
 proceeded to the House of Lords, attended by two Earls bear- 
 ing the sword of state and the cap of maintenance, three noble- 
 men's sons supporting the train of his robe. 
 
 VOL. in. G +
 
 82 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 After making a conge to the Throne, the Viceroy ascended 
 and took his seat in the chair of state under the canopy ; all 
 the Lords, spiritual and temporal, standing robed in their 
 places, and uncovered, till they took their seats. When the 
 royal assent was to be given to Bills, the Lord Chancellor, 
 kneeling, conferred with the Viceroy, and then, standing on 
 the right hand of the chair of state, commanded the Gentle- 
 man 'Usher oi" the Black Rod to acquaint the House of Com- 
 mons that it was his Excellency's pleasure that they should 
 attend him immediately in the House of Peers. The Commons, 
 with their Speaker, having arrived, were conducted to the 
 Bar, where the Speaker, after an oration, read the titles of the 
 Bills prepared to be presented for the royal assent. The 
 Bills were then delivered at the Bar by the Speaker to the 
 Clerk of the Parliaments, who brought them to the table, 
 where the Clerk of the Crown having read their titles, the 
 Clerk of the Parliaments pronounced the royal assent seve- 
 rally in these words : " Le Roy remercie ses bons sujets, 
 aceepte leur benevolence, et ainsi le veut." When the Bills 
 were not Money Bills, the assent was given by the words : 
 " Le Roy le veut," or " Soit fait comme il est desire." The 
 Lord Lieutenant with his suite then withdrew, in the same 
 order as they had entered, and the Commons having returned 
 to their House, the Lords retired to unrobe, after which the 
 sitting was either adjourned or resumed. 
 
 The meetings of the Lords with the Lower House were 
 either relative to messages sent up, or on conferences ; on these 
 occasions the mode of proceeding was as follows. The Com- 
 mons having, by the Usher, given notice to the Lords, the 
 latter, after despatching the business on which they were en- 
 gaged, and all sitting covered, sent for them, who> on entering, 
 stood at the lower end of the chamber. The Chancellor, with 
 those peers who pleased, then rose and went down to the 
 middle of the Bar, to which the chief of the Committee, in the 
 midst of them, and the rest about him, came, with three cour-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 83 
 
 tcsics, and delivered their message to the Chancellor, who, on 
 receiving it, retired to his former place, and reported it to the 
 Peers after the withdrawal of the Commons. The Lords 
 having formed their decision, sent for the Commons, who, 
 on re-entering, approached the Bar with three courtesies, as 
 before, and the Peers, sitting in order and covered, the answer, 
 in the name of the House, was delivered by the Chancellor 
 from the woolsack. 
 
 The place of meeting of the Peers with the Commons was 
 usually the conference-chamber below stairs, between both 
 Houses. The Lords always came in a body, and sat covered, 
 while the Commons, at such committees or conferences, were 
 not allowed to be covered or to sit down. 
 
 No persons, except Members, or such as were commanded to 
 attend, were permitted to enter the House of Peers during 
 the sittings, or to be present at any committee or conference, 
 under pain of severe and exemplary punishment. At confer- 
 ences with the Commons, none but Members of the Committee 
 were allowed to speak, and when any matter that had been 
 committed was reported, all the Lords of the Committee stood 
 up uncovered. 
 
 The Usher of the Black Rod waited outside the Bar, and 
 spoke there, according to occasion. The Sergeant-at-Arms 
 was also stationed outside the Bar, in an adjoining apartment, 
 and entered only when called upon. 
 
 At the debates in the House of Lords none were suffered 
 to be present but the sons of peers and persons obliged to 
 attend. The constables and messengers of the Parliament 
 were ordered to prohibit hackney-coachmen with their coaches 
 from coming to the door of the House : previous to the 
 opening of the session, the Lord Mayor usually issued a 
 proclamation forbidding all drivers of carts, cars, and drays 
 to pass, re-pass, or go through any part of Dame-street or 
 College-green from 11 A. M. to 5 P. M., during the sitting of 
 Parliament, in order to prevent stoppages and obstructions to 
 G 2
 
 84 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 the great concourse of people whose affairs caused them to re- 
 sort thither. 
 
 The persecuting spirit exhibited by the Legislature of their 
 English mother country towards the Press was emulated by 
 the Parliament of Ireland, which usually ordered publications 
 reporting its proceedings or reflecting on its Members to be 
 burned by the common hangman, at noon, at the gate of the 
 House, to the Bar of which the publishers were summoned, 
 and fined and imprisoned for breach of privilege. 
 
 For having committed George Faulkner to Newgate in 
 1735, the Commons were censured in verses commencing: 
 
 " Better we all were in our graves 
 Than live in slavery to slaves." 
 
 The lengths to which the persecution of the Press were 
 carried by the Parliament of Ireland in the earlier years of 
 the reign of George II. elicited the following diatribe : 
 
 " Ye paltry underlings of state ; 
 Ye senators who love to prate ; 
 Ye rascals of inferior note, 
 Who, for a dinner, sell a vote ; 
 Ye pack of pensionary peers, 
 Whose fingers itch for poets' ears ; 
 Ye bishops, far removed from saints, 
 Why all this rage ? why these complaints ? 
 Why against printers all this noise ? 
 This summoning of blackguard boys ? 
 Why so sagacious in your guesses ? 
 Your Fs, and T's, and R's, and S's! 
 Take my advice ; to make you safe, 
 I know a shorter way by half. 
 The point is plain : remove the cause ; 
 Defend your liberties and laws ; 
 Be sometimes to your country true 
 Have once the public good in view ; 
 Bravely despise champagne at court, 
 And choose to dine at home with port :
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 85 
 
 Let prelates, by their good behaviour, 
 Convince us they believe a Saviour ; 
 Nor sell what they so dearly bought 
 This country now their own for nought." 
 
 From the shape of its original dome, the appellation of 
 the " Goose Fie" was commonly applied to the Parliament 
 House and its Members in the local satires of the last cen- 
 tury, of which one of the most severe was that written by 
 Swift in 1 736, entitled "A Character, Panegyric, and Descrip- 
 tion of the Legion Club." This satire was occasioned by an 
 inroad made on the income of the Clergy of the Established 
 Church by the great Protestant land-owners in Ireland resist- 
 ing payment of the tithe of agistment or pasturage, in which 
 they succeeded by disposing of the question before them- 
 selves in the House of Commons, where they passed resolu- 
 tions that the commencing of suits on the demand of tithe 
 agistment for dry and barren cattle, must impair the Protes- 
 tant interest, and occasion Popery and infidelity to gain 
 ground. The Protestant gentry of the country at this period 
 felt no interest for the clerical order, not seeing any prospect 
 of their own relations receiving promotion in it, as the Epis- 
 copal Bench and other important preferments iu the Estab- 
 lished Church in Ireland were then mainly filled by English 
 ecclesiastics. In the "Legion Club" the following passages 
 occur : 
 
 "As I stroll the city, oft I 
 See a building large and lofty, 
 Not a bow-shot from the College ; 
 Half the globe from sense and knowledge : 
 By the prudent architect, 
 Placed against the church direct, 
 Making good my grandam's jest, 
 ' Near the church' you know the rest. 
 Tell us what the pile contains ? 
 Many a head that holds no brains.
 
 g(j HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 These demoniacs let me dub 
 With the name of Legion Club ; 
 Such assemblies, you might swear, 
 Meet when butchers bait a bear : 
 Such a noise, and such haranguing, 
 "When a brother thief is hanging : 
 Such a rout, and such a rabble, 
 Run to hear Jack-pudding gabble. 
 Could I from the building's top 
 Hear the rattling thunder drop, 
 While the Devil upon the roof 
 (If the Devil be thunder-proof) 
 Should with poker, fiery red, 
 Crack the stones, and melt the lead ; 
 Drive them down on every skull ; 
 When the den of thieves is full ; 
 Quite destroy that harpies' nest ; 
 How might then our Isle be blest ! 
 For Divines allow that God 
 Sometimes makes the Devil his rod j 
 And the Gospel will inform us, 
 He can punish sins enormous. 
 Yet should Swift endow the schools, 
 For his lunatics and fools, 
 With a rood or two of land, 
 I allow the pile may stand. 
 You, perhaps, may ask me, why so ? 
 But it is with this proviso : 
 Since the house is like to last, 
 Let the royal grant be pass'd, 
 That the Club have right to dwell 
 Each within his proper cell, 
 With a passage left to creep in, 
 And a hole above for peeping. 
 Let them, when they once get in, 
 Sell the nation for a pin ; 
 While they sit a-picking straws, 
 Li-t them rave at making laws, 
 l-cl them form a grand committee, 
 How to plague and starve the city ;
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 87 
 
 Let them stare, and storm, and frown, 
 When they see a clergy gown ; 
 Let them with their gosling quills 
 Scribble senseless heads of Bills." 
 
 After a fierce diatribe against Sir Thomas Prendergast, 
 one of the Members most active in the encroachment upon 
 the revenues of the Protestant clergy, the author continues: 
 
 " Come, assist me, Muse obedient ! 
 Let us try some new expedient ; 
 Shift the scene for half an hour, 
 Time and place are in thy power. 
 Thither, gentle Muse, conduct me ; 
 I shall ask, and you instruct me. 
 See, the Muse unbars the gate ; 
 Hark, the monkeys, how they prate ! 
 All ye gods who rule the soul : 
 Styx, through Hell whose waters roll ! 
 Let me be allowed to tell 
 What I heard in yonder Hell. 
 Near the door an entrance gapes, 
 Crowded' round with antic shapes, 
 Poverty, and Grief, and Care, 
 Causeless Joy, and true Despair ; 
 Discord, periwigg'd with snakes, 
 See the dreadful strides she takes ! 
 In the porch Briareus stands, 
 Shews a bribe in all his hands ; 
 Briareus, the Secretary, 
 But we mortals call him Carey. 
 When the rogues their country fleece, 
 They may hope for pence a-piece. 
 There Clio saw three hundred brutes 
 All involved in wild disputes, 
 lloaring till their lungs were spent, 
 ' Privilege of Parliament.' " 
 
 The author then proceeds with merciless invectives against 
 John Waller, Richard Tighe, Sergeant Bettesworth, Owen 
 Wynne, Bingham, the Aliens, and other Members of the
 
 88 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 House. After reproaching Dr. Marcus Anthony Morgan 
 Chairman of the obnoxious Committee, for having joined with 
 the faction against the clergy, the writer concludes as f 
 lows: 
 
 " How I want thee, humorous Hogarth! 
 Thou, I hear, a pleasant rogue art. 
 "Were but you and I acquainted, 
 Every monster should be painted : 
 You should try your graving tools 
 On this odious group of fools ; 
 Draw the beasts as I describe them : 
 Form their features while I gibe them ; 
 Draw them like, for, I assure you, 
 You will need no car'catura ; 
 Draw them so that we may trace 
 
 All the soul in every face. 
 
 ' Keeper, I must now retire, 
 
 You have done what I desire ; 
 
 But I feel my spirits spent 
 
 With the noise, the sight, the scent.' 
 
 ' Pray, be patient ; you shall find 
 
 Half the list are still behind ! 
 
 You have hardly seen a score ; 
 
 I can shew two hundred more.' 
 
 ' Keeper, I have seen enough.' 
 
 Taking then a pinch of snuff", 
 
 I concluded, looking round them, 
 
 ' May their god, the Devil, confound them.' " 
 
 The first trial held in the new Parliament House was that 
 of Henry, fourth Lord San try, who, in 1739, was indicted for 
 having in the previous year killed a man at Palmerstown. 
 The 27th of April having been appointed for the trial, a re- 
 giment of infantry took up its station on College -green, soon 
 after 6 A. M., and at 7 o'clock the company of Battle-axe 
 guards lined the avenues leading to the Parliament House, 
 the city constables attending to preserve the peace. At 71 
 o'clock, the prisoner, then in his twenty-ninth year, Avas con- 
 \c\ol, in a hackney coach, from gaol by the High Sheriff's
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 89 
 
 of the city, to the House of Commons, which had been fitted 
 up for the occasion ; and at 1 o'clock, Thomas, Lord Wynd- 
 ham, Chancellor of Ireland, constituted High Steward by 
 royal commission, preceded from his residence in Stephen's- 
 green to the Parliament House. The following circumstantial 
 account of the proceedings is preserved in a contemporary 
 manuscript : 
 
 "On the morning of the trial, the Judges in their scarlet 
 robes, together with the King-of-Arms, the Gentleman Usher 
 of the Black Rod, and the Sergeant-at-Arms, assembled at the 
 Lord High Steward's house, to wait upon his Grace, the 
 King-of-Arms being in his coat of arms, the Gentleman 
 Usher of the Black Rod having the white staff', and the Ser- 
 geant-at-Arms having his mace. After a short stay, his Grace 
 the Lord High Steward went to his coach in the following 
 order : his Grace's twelve gentlemen, two and two, bare- 
 headed ; his Sergeant-at-Anns and Seal-bearer, both bare- 
 headed, the one with the mace, the other with the purse; 
 the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod with his Grace the 
 Lord High Steward's white staff, and the King-of-Arms on his 
 right hand, both bare-headed ; then his Grace the Lord High 
 Steward, in his rich gown, with his train borne, followed by the 
 Chief Justices and Judges. His Grace's gentlemen first took 
 their coaches, four in a coach, each coach having two horses. 
 Then his Grace the Lord High Steward took his coach, with 
 six horses, seating himself on the hinder seat of the coach 
 singly, the King-of-Arms and the Seal-bearer sitting over 
 against his Grace, bare-headed, the Black Rod in the right-hand 
 boot of the coach, with his Grace's white staff; and his Grace's 
 Sergeant-at-Arms in the left boot, with his mace. The Judges 
 took their coaches and followed his Grace. A messenger was 
 sent a little before to acquaint the- Lords the Triers, who were 
 assembled in a room near the place appointed for the trial of 
 the prisoner, that his Grace was coming, upon which they 
 went and took their seats in the Court. When his Grace
 
 90 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 came to the gate where the Court was held, he was met by 
 four other Sergeants, with their maces, and attended to his 
 seat in the Court in this order: his Grace's gentlemen, two- 
 and-two ; the Sergeants-at-Arms two-and-two ; his Grace's 
 Sergeant-at-Arms and Seal-bearer; the Black Rod, and 
 King-at-arms ; his Grace the Lord High Steward, with his 
 train borne, followed by the Chief Justices and Judges, two- 
 and-two. Then his Grace proceeded, saluting the Peers 
 on each side as he passed, to a chair, under a cloth of 
 state, placed upon an ascent of one step only, and having 
 seated himself, the purse was laid on a stool a little before 
 him on his right hand, and his Grace's Sergeant-at-Arms 
 went with his mace to the lower end of the table. Then, his 
 Grace being in the chair, the Lords Triers on their benches on 
 each side, and the Judges on their seats at the table, the King- 
 of- Arms and the Seal-bearer placed themselves on his Grace's 
 right hand, the BlackRodonhis left, and the Sergeant-at-Arms 
 and his Gentlemen on each side of his Grace, more backward. 
 Then the Clerk of the Crown in the King's Bench, and the 
 Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, having the King's commis- 
 sion to his Grace in his hand, both made three reverences to 
 his Grace, and at the third reverence, coming up before him, 
 they both kneeled down ; and the Clerk of the Crown in 
 Chancery, on his knee, presented the commission to his Grace, 
 who delivered it to the Clerk of the Crown of the King's 
 Bench, who received it upon his knees, and then they, with 
 three reverences, returned to the table. Then the Clerk of 
 the Crown of the King's Bench directed his Grace's Sergeant- 
 at-Arms (after thrice crying ' oyez') to make proclamation of 
 silence, while his Majesty's commission to his Grace the Lord 
 High Steward was reading, which proclamation the Clerk of 
 the Crown directed, and the Sergeant-at-Arnis made, with his 
 mace on his shoulder; then the Clerk of the Crown of the 
 King's Bench, opening the commission, read it, his Grace 
 and the Lords standing up, uncovered, while it was reading.
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 91 
 
 The commission being read, and his Grace bowing to the 
 Peers, who returned the salute, .and sitting down again, the 
 King-of-Arms, and the Black Rod, with three reverences, 
 jointly presented the white staff, on their knee, to his Grace, 
 who, after a little time, re-delivered the same to the Usher 
 of the Black Rod, to hold during the trial. Then the King- 
 of-Arms returned to the right, and the Usher of the Black 
 Rod, holding the white staff, to the left of his Grace's chair. 
 And proclamation was made for all persons, except Peers, Privy 
 Councillors, and the Judges, to be uncovered. Then procla- 
 mation was made, that the person or persons to whom any 
 writ or precept had been directed, for the certifying any 
 indictment or record before the Lord High Steward, his Grace, 
 should certify and bring in the same forthwith, according to 
 the tenor of the same writ and precept to them or any of 
 them directed. Whereupon the writ of certiorari, with the 
 precept to the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and 
 the returns to the same, were delivered in at the table, and read 
 by the Clerk of the Crown of the King's Bench. Then pro- 
 clamation was made for the person or persons in whose custody 
 the prisoner was, to return to his or their writ and precept, 
 together with the body of the prisoner, into court. Where- 
 upon the Sheriffs of the city of Dublin gave in the writ di- 
 rected to them for bringing up the prisoner, together with his 
 Grace's precept and their returns to the same, which were 
 read by the Clerk of the Crown of the King's Bench. Then 
 they brought the prisoner to the bar, the axe being carried 
 before him, and the person carrying the axe stood with it at 
 the bar, on the right hand of the prisoner, turning the edge 
 from him. The prisoner, at his approach to the bar, made 
 three reverences, one to his Grace the Lord High Steward, the 
 others to the Peers on each hand, and his Grace and the Peers 
 returned the salute to him. Then the proclamation was made 
 for the Sergeant-at-Arms to return his Grace the Lord High 
 Steward's precept to him directed, together with the names of
 
 92 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 all the Lords and noblemen of the realm, peers of the prisoner 
 by him summoned forthwith. The Sergeant-at-Arms having 
 delivered in his precept and return at the table, the same were 
 read by the Clerk of the Crown. Then the Clerk of the 
 Crown of the King's Bench directed the Sergeant-at-Arms 
 to make proclamation for all Earls, Viscounts, and Barons 
 of the realm, peers of the prisoner, who, by commandment of 
 his Grace the Lord High Steward, were summoned to appear 
 there that day and were present in court to answer to their 
 names. Then the Peers summoned were called over, and 
 those who appeared, standing up uncovered, answered to 
 their names, each making a reverence to his Grace the Lord 
 High Steward, and were : 
 
 Robert, Earl of Kildarc. James, Viscount Limerick. 
 
 Henry, Earl of Thomond. Marcus, Viscount Tyrone. 
 
 Alexander, Earl of Antrim. Brabazon, Viscount Duncannon. 
 
 James, Earl of Roscommon. Humphry, ViscountLanesborough. 
 
 Chaworth, Earl of Heath. Francis, Baron of Atnenry. 
 
 Edward, Earl of Drogheda. William, Baron of Howth. 
 
 Hugh, Earl of Mount- Alexander. George, Baron of Carberry. 
 
 John, Earl of Grandison. Charles, Lord Tullamore. 
 
 Nicholas, Viscount Netterville. Thomas, Lord Southwell. 
 
 Theobald, Viscount Mayo. William, Lord Castledurrow. 
 
 William, Viscount Mountjoy. John, Lord Desart. 
 George, Viscount Castlecomer. 
 
 "After this the Peers Triers took their places on the benches 
 on each side, according to their respective degrees. Then his 
 Grace the Lord High Steward addressed himself to the pri- 
 soner, and the indictment having been read, Clerk of the 
 Crown : Is your Lordship guilty or not guilty ? Lord Santry : 
 Not guilty. Clerk of the Crown : How will your Lordship 
 be tried ? Lord Santry : By God and my peers. Then the 
 Lord High Steward gave his charge to the Peers." 
 
 " Laughlin Murphy, the unfortunate man killed, was," 
 according to Robert Jocelyn, the Attorney-General, " a 
 I>ersou who with a good deal of industry and difficulty main-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 93 
 
 tamed himself, a wife, and three small children, by being em- 
 ployed as a porter, and carrying letters and messages. The 
 day this unfortunate accident happened," continues our autho- 
 rity, " was the 9th of August, the fair-day of Palmerstown, 
 the house a public-house, and, as I am instructed, the door 
 that leads into the house goes into a narrow passage upon 
 the right hand ; the passage leads to the chamber where the 
 noble Lord, the prisoner at the bar, was with his company on 
 the left to the door of the kitchen, where the deceased was. 
 It has been opened that the Lord the prisoner at the bar had 
 been drinking some time, my brief says, some hours. The 
 company was gone, but there happened some words between 
 the noble Lord the prisoner at the bar and one Humphreys, 
 something more than words; for," continued Jocelyn, "ac- 
 cording to my instructions, the noble Lord the prisoner at 
 the bar twice attempted to draw his sword, but could not do 
 it. He was then in a passion, and suddenly left the room ; 
 and was going either out of doors or to the kitchen. It was 
 then he met this poor man in the passage, and pushed him 
 with his right hand, and the deceased went on to the kitchen, 
 whither the Lord the prisoner followed him, and swore he 
 would kill any man that should speak a word. The poor man 
 spoke, and the noble Lord the prisoner at the bar too punc- 
 tually performed what he had so rashly sworn, and stabbed 
 him. Upon this the man went into a room near the kitchen, 
 stayed but a little while, and came back into the kitchen; 
 the blood gushed out of the wound, the man fell down and 
 cried out I am killed.' Upon this the noble Lord the pri- 
 soner, going out hastily, took his horse, and gave the man of 
 the house a four-pound piece, but gave him no order what to 
 do." Murphy died on the 25th of September, in Hammond- 
 lane, Dublin. Lord Santry's defence was, that his death had 
 been caused by disease. 
 
 A letter written from Dublin by Dr. Thomas Rundle, 
 Bishop of Derry, contains the following notice of this trial:
 
 94 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 " Poor Lord Santry was tried on Friday by his Peers. I 
 never beheld a sight so awful and majestic and dreadfully 
 beautiful in my life ; and nothing was ever performed with 
 so much solemnity, silence, and dignity before in any country. 
 The finest room in Europe filled with the nobility and gentry 
 of the whole kingdom and both sexes; the High Steward, 
 every one of the Judges ; the Lords the Triers ; and the noble 
 prisoner, young and handsome, most decent in his behaviour, 
 and with a becoming fortitude in his speaking, could not but 
 compose the most aifecting scene. All were so attentive 
 that silence was not once proclaimed. The King's counsel 
 did admirably ; but Bowes [the Solicitor-General] had an op- 
 portunity to show himself to the highest advantage. I always 
 thought him an admirable speaker ; but never imagined him 
 half so great a man as I do at present, though I always loved 
 and esteemed him. He did not use one severe word against 
 the unhappy Lord, nor omitted one severe observation that 
 truth could dictate. I never heard, never read, so perfect 
 a piece of eloquence. Its beauty arose from true simplicity 
 and unaffected ornaments ; from the strength and light of his 
 reason, the fairness and candour and good nature of his heart; 
 from the order and disposition of what he said, the elegance 
 and fulness of his expressions, the shortness and propriety of 
 his reflections, the music of his voice, and the gracefulness of 
 his elocution. They were all wonderful indeed ; and charmed 
 even those who were concerned and grieved at his most mas- 
 terly performance. But if they did well, I think the counsel 
 for the prisoner acted detestably. They only prompted him 
 to ask a few treacherous questions, and spoke not one word in 
 his favour ; though I have the vanity almost to think I could 
 have offered a point of law that would have bid fair to save 
 him. When the twenty-three Peers returned to give their 
 opinion, their countenances astonished the whole House ; and 
 all knew, from the horror of their eyes and the paleness 
 of their looks, how they were agitated within before they
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 95 
 
 answered the dread question * Guilty, upon my honour ;' 
 and he was so most certainly, according to the law : nor could 
 they perhaps have brought in their dreadful verdict other- 
 wise." 
 
 The Peers unanimously recommended Lord Santry to the 
 royal mercy, which being seconded by the Lord Lieutenant, 
 the King granted him a reprieve, and subsequently a full 
 pardon. 
 
 Four years after Lord Santry 's trial, Nicholas, fifth Vis- 
 count Netterville, was indicted at the Parliament House for 
 the murder of Michael Walsh, in the county of Meath. 
 
 At 8 A. M., on the 3rd February, 1743, the Lords as- 
 sembled in their robes, and at 9 the trial commenced, the 
 following Peers being present : Robert, Baron Newport, 
 Chancellor of Ireland, and Lord High Steward ; the Earls of 
 Kildare, Clanrickard, Antrim, Roscommon, Meath, Cavan, 
 Drogheda, Mount Alexander, Ross, Londonderry, Bess- 
 borough ; Viscounts Valentia, Mayo, Strangford, Ikerrin, 
 Massareene, Mountjoy, Molesworth, Boyne, Allen, Lanes- 
 borough ; the Archbishops of Armagh, Dublin, and Tuam ; 
 the Bishops of Meath, Kildare, Limerick, Dromore, Cork, 
 Elphin, Killala, Clonfert, Waterford, Deny, Down, Ossory, 
 Killaloe ; Lords Athenry, Kiugsale, Blayney, Kingston, 
 Tullamore, Southwell, Castle Durrow, and Desart. 
 
 " After prayers had been read, William Hawkins, Esq., 
 Deputy to Ulster King-of-Arms of all Ireland, being permitted 
 to come to the table, the House was called "over by the Clerk 
 of the Parliaments ; the said Deputy King-of-Arms marking 
 such of the Lords as were present in a list. Then the House, 
 according to order, was adjourned into the Court appointed 
 for the trial of Nicholas Lord Viscount Netterville, whither 
 the officers, attendants, Peers' sons, minor Peers and Lords, 
 went in the order directed, the Deputy King-of-Arms calling 
 them in their due places by a list. When the Lords were 
 seated on their proper benches, and the Lord High Steward
 
 96 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 upon the woolpack, the House was resumed. The Clerks of 
 the Crown presented the commission upon their knees to the 
 Lord High Steward. Then proclamation was made for silence ; 
 and all the Lords standing uncovered, the commission was 
 read. Which being ended, the Sergeant-at-Arms said, God 
 bless the King's Majesty.' Then the Deputy King-of-Arms 
 and the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod presented the 
 staff, on their knees, to his Grace the Lord High Steward. 
 Proclamation was made for all persons but Peers to be un- 
 covered. The certiorari was then read by the Clerk of the 
 Crown of the King's Bench. Then the Lord High Steward 
 removed from the woolpack to the chair appointed for his 
 Grace, which was placed upon an ascent, just before the up- 
 permost step of the Throne, and seated himself in the chair. 
 Proclamation was made for bringing the prisoner to the bar, 
 according to the order of the House of Lords, who being come, 
 and kneeling ; his Grace the Lord High Steward desired his 
 Lordship to rise, and acquainted him on what account he was 
 brought thither, and that he had it in command from the 
 Lords to let his Lordship know that he was not to hold up 
 his hand at the bar, and that his Lordship and all other persons 
 who might have occasion to speak to the Court were to ad- 
 dress themselves to the Lords in general, and not to the Lord 
 High Steward. Then the Clerk of the Crown of the King's 
 Bench read the indictment, and after his Lordship was ar- 
 raigned, he was asked ' whether he was guilty of the felony, 
 treason, and murtler, whereof he stands indicted, or not 
 guilty ?' He said he was not guilty. And being asked by 
 whom he would be tried, he said, by God and his Peers. 
 Proclamation was then made for the witnesses to be brought 
 into court. Then Mr. Prime Sergeant Malone opened the 
 indictment, and Mr. Attorney-General and Mr. Solicitor- 
 General were likewise heard on his Majesty's behalf." Leave 
 having been given to the Lords spiritual to withdraw, the 
 trial proceeded ; but owing to the death of the two principal
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 97 
 
 witnesses, whose depositions were rejected in evidence, no 
 case could be sustained against Lord Netterville, and the trial 
 terminated as follows : " The Peers being come into the 
 Court appointed for the trial, the House was resumed : and 
 after proclamation for silence, the Lord High Steward said : 
 ' The House having heard all the evidence, the question was, 
 whether Nicholas Lord Viscount Netterville is guilty of the 
 felony, treason, and murder, whereof he stands indicted, or 
 not guilty ?' Then the Lord High Steward stood up, and by 
 a list called over every Peer then present by his name, begin- 
 ning with the youngest Baron ; and put the question to every 
 Lord to know what his judgment was, Whether Nicholas 
 Lord Viscount Netterville was guilty of the felony, treason, 
 and murder, whereof he stands indicted, or not guilty ? And 
 the Lord to whom he called stood up in his place uncovered, 
 and laying his right hand upon his breast, delivered his judg- 
 ment : * Not guilty, upon my honour.' Then the Lord High 
 Steward standing up uncovered, putting his right hand upon 
 his breast, said, ' My Lord Viscount Netterville is not guilty, 
 upon my honour;' and then declared that their Lordships 
 were unanimously of opinion that my Lord Viscount Netter- 
 ville is not guilty of the felony, treason, and murder whereof 
 he stands indicted. Then the Lord Viscount Netterville, 
 being by order brought to the bar, the Lord High Steward 
 let his Lordship know that he was indicted for the murder of 
 Michael Walsh, and that he having put himself upon his Peers 
 for his trial, declared, that the Peers by their judgment had 
 unanimously found him not guilty of the felony, treason, and 
 murder whereof he stood indicted ; and that therefore his 
 Lordship is discharged. And then the White Staff being de- 
 livered to his Grace the Lord High Steward, he stood up, and 
 holding it in both his hands, broke it in two, and then leaving 
 the chair, came down to the woolpack, and said, ' Is it your 
 Lordships' pleasure to adjourn the House of Peers?' Which 
 was agreed to by the House. The House being adjourned to 
 
 VOL. III. H
 
 98 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 the House of Peers, the Lords and the attendants went back 
 in the same order as they came." 
 
 In the Lords' Committee-room of the Parliament House, 
 the Dublin Society, previous to taking possession of "Shaw's- 
 court," held their meetings on every Thursday, except during 
 the long vacation. Experiments relative to agricultural ma- 
 chinery were made here under their superintendence ; their 
 machines and models were deposited in the vaults, and the 
 Society's Agricultural Museum at the Parliament House was 
 open to the -public on Mondays and Thursdays, from 12 till 
 2 P. M. On the occasions of the adjudication of the Society's 
 premiums for proficiency in the fine arts, the performances of 
 the various candidates were hung round a spacious room in the 
 Parliament House ; the boys were directed to sit at a large 
 table and draw the figures or living model placed upon it. 
 The drawings were divided by the judges into classes, accord- 
 ing to their merits, and the young artists received premiums 
 varying from a guinea to a crown. 
 
 The Lords' Committee-room was also used for the meet- 
 ings of the Incorporated Society for promoting English Pro- 
 testant schools in Ireland; and the " Physico-Historical 
 Society," founded in 1748, "to make inquiries into the 
 natural and civil history of the kingdom," used to assemble 
 there on the first Monday of every month. The Society for 
 the relief of Protestant strangers also met there, towards the 
 middle of the last century ; and book auctions were frequently 
 held in the Coffee-room of the House of Lords. 
 
 Between 1749 and 1751 upwards of 2000 were expended 
 in various repairs of the Parliament House. The seats in 
 the House of Lords were covered with red, and the benches 
 of the Commons with green cloth. 
 
 Dr. Charles Lucas, of Dublin, in his political publications 
 in 1748, protested more pertinaciously than either Molyneux 
 or Swift against Irishmen tolerating the right assumed by 
 England to legislate for them. He denounced oynings'
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 99 
 
 Act as unconstitutional, and declared that the imposition of 
 laws made in a "strange, a foreign Parliament," without their 
 consent or knowledge, placed the Protestant Irish under a 
 more severe bondage than the Israelites suffered in Egypt. 
 Lucas averred that he disdained the thought of being the 
 representative of a people who dared not be free, and called 
 on his fellow-citizens to demand a repeal or abolition of the 
 unjust and oppressive statutes : telling them that they could 
 not, consistently with their duty to their God, their King, and 
 country, themselves and their posterity, relinquish the claim 
 to their birthright liberty. " Though it may," he added, 
 " be by unjust superior force for a while suppressed, you are 
 not, like spurious sons and dastards, to be discouraged, and, 
 by abandoning, suffer it to be extinguished. No ; you are 
 to pursue and cherish it ; and then, you may be assured, it 
 must, sooner or later, work your deliverance." 
 
 When Lucas in 1749 became a candidate for the repre- 
 sentation of Dublin, Government influenced the House of 
 Commons to pass unanimous votes declaring his writings 
 seditious, and himself an enemy to his country. They also 
 requested the Viceroy to issue an order for his apprehension, 
 to escape which he was obliged to seek a temporary asylum 
 in England. 
 
 The first serious dissension between the Government and 
 the Parliament of Ireland originated in a contest for power 
 between the Primate George Stone, head of the English in- 
 terest, and Henry Boyle, the Whig, Speaker of the House 
 of Commons, seconded by the Prime Sergeant, Anthony 
 Malone. A considerable surplus of revenue remaining in 
 the Irish Exchequer, the Commons, in 1749, prepared a Bill 
 enacting that the amount should go towards the discharge of 
 their National Debt ; but the British Cabinet, resenting what 
 it considered an assumption by the Irish Legislature of the 
 right to apply the unappropriated fund without the previous 
 consent of the Crown, directed the Duke of Dorset, on his 
 
 H 2 v
 
 100 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 return as Viceroy in 1751, to acquaint the Parliament that 
 the King would consent to the suggested allocation. The 
 Commons, in their Bill for the application of 120,000 of the 
 surplus, specially omitted all mention of the Royal Preroga- 
 tive, and the document was consequently sent back altered 
 in the preamble by an insertion of his Majesty's consent and 
 recommendation, in which form it was passed at once by the 
 House; the " Patriot" members desiring to avoid divisions 
 while directing their energies against the " English interest" 
 in the person of Arthur Jones Nevill, the Government Sur- 
 veyor and Engineer-General. Having passed a resolution in 
 March, 1752, that many of the barracks erected, rebuilt, or 
 repaired under the direction of Nevill, were extremely ill 
 executed, unfit for the reception and dangerous to the health 
 of troops, they voted that he should, at his own expense and 
 without any further charge to the public, be obliged to cause 
 the several contractors whom he had employed, to make good 
 the defects in the barracks, and finish them in the most effec- 
 tual manner. 
 
 On the 9th of October, 1753, when Parliament again 
 assembled, the Duke of Dorset, in opening the session, stated 
 that he was commanded by the King to acquaint the House 
 that he would graciously consent and recommend that so 
 much of the money remaining in his Treasury as was neces- 
 sary should be applied to the discharge of the National Debt, 
 or of such part of it as they thought expedient. In their 
 Bill for the application of a further portion of the surplus, the 
 Commons again omitted the word " consent," as well as the 
 compliments to the King usually embodied in the preambles 
 of such documents. These omissions were supplied by the 
 Ministry, who sent back the Bill with the following alteration : 
 " And your Majesty, ever attentive to the ease and happiness 
 of your faithful subjects, has been graciously pleased to sig- 
 nify that you would consent to recommend it to us, that so 
 much of the money remaining in your Majesty's Treasury
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 101 
 
 as should be necessary, be applied to the discharge of the 
 national debt, or such part thereof as should be thought ex- 
 pedient by Parliament." 
 
 In November, 1753, Colonel Richard Boyle moved that 
 Arthur Jones Nevill, late Engineer and Surveyor-General, 
 in not complying with the resolutions of the House, had 
 acted in manifest contempt of its authority. This motion 
 being the foundation for Nevill's expulsion from his seat in 
 Parliament, occasioned a debate which lasted till 1 P. M., 
 when the " English interest" was defeated by a majority of 
 eight votes the numbers being, Ayes, 124; Noes, 116. On 
 the 14th of the following December the altered Money Bill 
 was brought to the House ; on the 16th it was read a second 
 time, and the alterations which had been made in it reported 
 by a committee. The House, on the 17th of December, went 
 into committee, and agreed to all the enacting paragraphs and 
 title, but disapproved of the preamble of the Bill, which they 
 rejected by a majority of five Government having 117, and 
 the Opposition 122 votes. This debate lasted nine hours; 
 when the result of the division, which took place late at 
 night, was announced, thousands of anxious people who had 
 crowded round the Parliament House rent the air with accla- 
 mations, conducted the " Patriot" members home in triumph ; 
 and numbers bearing torches and sheaves of burning furze 
 on pitchforks marched before the Speaker's carriage through 
 streets blazing with bonfires, while the bells of the city rang 
 out joyful peals for the defeat of the English interest. 
 
 To commemorate this Parliamentary achievement gold 
 medals were struck, bearing on the obverse the legend " Ut- 
 cunque ferent ea facta Minores vincit Amor Patrire ;" in the 
 centre stands Hibernia, with a harp in her left hand, and 
 behind her another figure holding a distaff, emblematic of the 
 staple trade of the country. On her right stands another 
 female, grasping her hand, and holding in her right a roll 
 inscribed " Leges." To her left is the Speaker of the House
 
 102 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 of Commons, in his robes, placing a cap of liberty on her 
 head, and holding in his left hand a heavy bag, inscribed 
 " Vindicata," and behind him three senators stepping out 
 from a portico. Over the figures is Fame flying, and blow- 
 ing a trumpet, with a banner appended, and inscribed 
 "cxxiv.;" she holds in her left hand a ribbon or band bearing 
 the inscription, "Ergo tuajura manebunt." On the exergue 
 are two naked human figures : one with the head of a bird 
 of prey clutching at a quantity of money scattered on the 
 ground, guarded by the other with the head of a wolf, and 
 loosed from a chain fastened to a rock; behind them some 
 open rolls. The legend on the reverse reads : " Quique sui 
 Memores alios fecere merendo." Across the field : " Sacrum 
 Senatoribus cxxiv. Qui Tenaces Prajpositi Fortiter ac 
 Prudenter Jura Patriae Rite Vindicarunt xvii Die De- 
 cembris JErsd Christianas MDCCLIII. Quocirca Vivite 
 Fortes." Another medal and medallet, both of similar 
 type, were also struck upon this occasion obverse, " The 
 Speaker, and Liberty ;" bust, three-quarter face to the left, 
 in wig and robe of office; reverse, "The 124 Patriots of 
 Ireland ;" in the field a harp with the royal crown over it ; 
 exergue, December 17, 1753. 
 
 Most of the Members who on this question sided with 
 the Speaker were soon dismissed from such offices as they 
 held under the Crown, and the surplus in the Exchequer 
 was by the King's letter transferred to London, where the 
 British Ministers expended it in purchasing English boroughs 
 to make good their interest at the ensuing elections. To 
 prevent a recurrence of such an appropriation, the Parliament 
 of Ireland took measures to apply every future surplus to 
 local public improvements ; the leaders of the Commons thus 
 insured the fidelity of their subalterns, and by reducing the 
 Crown to call for the supplies, made their own political ser- 
 vices necessary for the support of the King's Government. 
 
 " The question of 1753 was," it has been observed, " the
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 103 
 
 beginning, in this country, of that constitutional spirit which 
 asserted afterwards the privilege of the Commons, and guarded 
 and husbanded the essential right of a free Constitution. The 
 question was of its very essence ; but the effect spread beyond 
 the question, and the ability of the debate instructed the nation, 
 and made her not only tenacious of her rights, but proud of her 
 understanding. There might have been party, there might 
 have been faction, mixing with "a great public principle ; so it 
 was in the time of Ship-money ; so it was in the Revolution. 
 In these instances the private motive mixed with the public 
 cause : but still it was the cause of the public, and the cause 
 of liberty." 
 
 The House of Commons of Ireland acquired new impor- 
 tance so rapidly from the transactions of 1 753, that a borough 
 sold in the succeeding year for three times the price paid for 
 it in 1750. 
 
 The " Patriot" party fell into popular disrepute when its 
 leaders, Anthony Malone and Henry Boyle, entered into terms 
 with the Government, which conferred upon the latter the 
 Earldom of Shannon, with a pension of 2000. The Speaker- 
 ship of the Commons, thus vacated in 1 756, was conferred upon 
 John Ponsonby, son of the Earl of Besborough. A Bill, pro- 
 posed in 1756 to vacate the seats of Members enjoying pensions 
 or Government offices, was rejected by 85 against 59 ; but in 
 the same year the Commons exhibited much spirit and deter- 
 mination in proceedings in volving the question whether the 
 people of Ireland were to be deprived of the Parliamentary 
 laying their grievances before the Crown. 
 
 A report having gained circulation in Dublin, in 1 759, that 
 the Parliament contemplated passing an Act of Union with 
 Great Britain, the populace became riotous, and beset the en- 
 trance to the House of Commons. Rigby, the Viceroy's Secre- 
 tary, came forth, and assured them that there were no grounds 
 for their apprehensions ; but the people refusing to take his 
 word, Ponsonby, the Speaker, was obliged to go out and pa-
 
 104 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 cify them ; and Rigby haying made a declaration in the House 
 that if a Bill of Union were brought in, he would vote against 
 it, the tumult subsided, and the crowds dispersed. Their 
 former suspicions were soon afterwards revived by a motion 
 brought forward by Kigby, that the Lord Lieutenant might, 
 on an emergency, such as an invasion, summon the Parliament 
 to meet without an interval of forty days. This motion being 
 interpreted as preparatory to a sudden scheme of Union before 
 measures could be taken to oppose it, the people, on the 3rd 
 December, 1 759, rose in all parts of Dublin, and possessing 
 themselves of the avenues to the Parliament House, laid hands 
 upon the Members, obliging them to take an oath to be true 
 to Ireland, and to vote against a union. Kowley, a rich Pres- 
 byterian, was seized, stripped, and threatened with drowning. 
 They pulled off Lord Inchiquin's periwig and red ribbon ; on 
 his stuttering, from an impediment in his speech, Avhen the oath 
 was put to him, they cried, " Damn you ! do you hesitate ?" 
 but, hearing that his name was O'Brien, their rage was changed 
 to acclamations. The English Bishop of Killala, and John 
 Bowes, the English Lord Chancellor of Ireland, were dragged 
 out of their coaches, and obliged to take the oath ; but the 
 mob being struck with the idea that their administration of 
 it might not be considered binding, they stopped the Chief 
 Justice, and made the Chancellor renew the oath in his pre- 
 sence. Although Anthony Malone took the engagement, the 
 people were so disgusted at his having lapsed from a " Patriot" 
 leader into a Government pensioner, that one of the ringleaders 
 dipped his fist in the channel before he would shake hands with 
 him. Sir Thomas Prendergast, one of a family long in bad 
 odour with the native Irish, being caught looking out from the 
 House of Lords, was pulled forth by the nose, and rolled in the 
 kennel. Finding Lord Farnham taking the oaths on the death 
 of his father, the people obliged him to take theirs ; and, as a 
 practical satire on the political imbecility of the Peers, they placed 
 an old woman on the throne in the House of Lords, and sent
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 105 
 
 for pipes and tobacco for her. Proceeding to the House of 
 Commons, they ordered the Clerk to bring the Journals to burn, 
 but altered their intention on his telling them that they would 
 thus destroy the only records of the defeat of the English in- 
 terest in 1753. The greatest fury of the mob was directed 
 against Rigby, recently appointed Master of the Rolls ; they 
 prepared a gallows, and determined to hang him, which he 
 escaped by being out of town. The Duke of Bedford, then 
 Viceroy, sent to the Lord Mayor to quell the disturbance ; but 
 he excused himself on the grounds of there being no Riot Act 
 in Ireland. The Privy Council was then summoned, on the 
 advice of which, a troop of horse was despatched against the 
 mob, with orders not to fire; and by riding amongst them, 
 with their swords drawn, they succeeded in dispersing the 
 rioters, after having killed fifteen or sixteen persons. 
 
 On the day after these disturbances, the Commons passed 
 resolutions declaring that the assaulting, insulting, or menac- 
 ing any member of their House on his coming to or going 
 from it, or upon the account of his behaviour in Parliament, 
 was a high infringement of their privileges, a most outrageous 
 and dangerous violation of the rights of Parliament, and a high 
 crime and misdemeanour. Mr. Rowley and others were ap- 
 pointed as a Committee to endeavour to find out the names and 
 places of abode of the rioters ; to draw up an address of thanks 
 to the Lord Lieutenant for his seasonable interposition in using 
 the most effectual means to disperse a dangerous and insolent 
 multitude of people assembled before the Parliament House 
 in order, illegally and audaciously, to obstruct and insult 
 the Members of both Houses of Parliament, attending the 
 public service of the nation ; and to request his Excellency 
 to offer a reward for the discovery of any of the mob or their 
 abettors. The Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of the city were ex- 
 amined at the Bar, and admonished by the Speaker to strictly 
 observe the orders relative to keeping the avenues leading to 
 the House free and open, and preventing riotous assemblies.
 
 106 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 "Refinement oflanguage was not to befound in Parliament 
 at this time, nor for many years preceding. So far from it, 
 that an unlettered style, almost approaching to coarseness and 
 vulgarity, was the only one permitted by the House of Com- 
 mons. Some of the old Members (such is the force of habit) 
 insisted, that business could not be carried on in any other, 
 and the young Members, till Mr. Hutchinson appeared, would 
 not venture to contradictthem. The genuine business of the 
 House will always remain in the hands of a few, but Parlia- 
 mentary speaking was, in those days, confined also to a few : 
 the Secretary, the leading Commissioners of the Revenue, 
 the Attorney-General, and one or two Commissioners, grave 
 Sergeants-at-law. Men of sterile, and almost interminable rhe- 
 toric. If a contested election, or some such question, called 
 forth the exertions of the gentlemen last mentioned, they never 
 thought of closing their speeches 'till repeated hints from their 
 party obliged them so to do. If, to the dismay of the House, 
 they rose near midnight, they were as certain, though sad, 
 harbingers of day, as the bird of dawning' ever was. The 
 House was astonished at the laborious constancy of such men, 
 and often resigned all speaking to them, in a kind of absolute 
 despair." 
 
 A classical idiom was first introduced into the House of 
 Commons of Ireland by John Hely Hutchinson, who entered 
 Parliament in 1759, the same year in which was first elected 
 his political opponent, Henry Flood, the senator, who, " by 
 his exertions, and repeated discussion of questions, seldom 
 if ever approached before, first taught Ireland that it had a 
 Parliament." 
 
 The first printed reports of debates in the Irish Parlia- 
 ment were those for the years 1763 and 1764, published from 
 memory by Sir James Caldwell, comprising the discussions 
 concerning the grant of pensions on the civil establishment, 
 and the sums necessary for the military establishment in time 
 of peace ; the address to the King on the Peace ; the insurrec-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 107 
 
 tions in the North ; the residence of the clergy ; the publica- 
 tion of libels ; and the limitation of the duration of Parliaments. 
 The principal speakers in these debates were, Edmund Sexten 
 Pery, Francis Andrews, Dr. Charles Lucas, Anthony Malone, 
 John Hely Hutchiuson, Henry Flood, Philip Tisdal, John 
 Fitzgibbon, Sir Richard Cox, and William Gerard Hamilton. 
 " These debates," observes their Reporter, "were carried on with 
 the deepest penetration, the most extensive knowledge, and the 
 most forcible eloquence. I flatter my self that, notwithstanding 
 the injury they may have suffered in my hands, they will discover 
 abilities in the speakers, that would do honour to any age and 
 any nation ; and that, notwithstanding their different situations, 
 and the different circumstances in which the business of Par- 
 liament is transacted, their speeches will not suffer by a com- 
 parison even with those of the Senate of Great Britain. In Ire- 
 land," adds Sir James, " the debates are confined to subjects 
 that principally relate to its interior interest ; the Parliament 
 assembles but six months in a revolution of two years ; and 
 indispensable attendance on the Courts of Law prevents many 
 members from being constantly present, and the whole num- 
 ber is comparatively few. These circumstances considered, 
 the spirit of these debates will do yet greater honour to the 
 speakers, both with respect to their principles and their abi- 
 lities." Although the English thought that Sir James Cald- 
 well's Reports placed Irish oratory in a very favourable point 
 of view, the people of Dublin did not consider them to reflect 
 much honour on the nation, as they alleged that justice was not 
 done to any of the speakers except those of the middle class; 
 the third class being made to speak too well, but the first not 
 well enough. 
 
 One of the first steps towards the improvement of the re- 
 lations between the representatives and their constituents, was 
 the enactment, in 1 768, of the Octennial Bill, limiting to eight 
 years the duration of Parliament, which had previously ex- 
 isted during the entire lifetime of the reigning monarch. The
 
 108 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 supineness of some of the representatives was illustrated by 
 the case of a Member who absented himself for seven years 
 from his Parliamentary duties, and at last appeared reluc- 
 tantly at the Speaker's summons. 
 
 After having been agitated from 1761 to 1768, the Octen- 
 nial Bill was assented to by the Privy Council, to the surprise 
 and chagrin of those of the Commons who, to maintain their 
 popularity with the people, had supported it publicly in the 
 House, conceiving that Government would never permit it to 
 pass. 
 
 The first session of an octennial Parliament was opened at 
 Dublin in 1769 ; and although the House contained numerous 
 Government dependents, it determined to resist the attempts 
 of the English Privy Council to make Money Bills originate 
 in London, instead of with the Commons of Ireland. A 
 Money Bill transmitted from the Irish Parliament to London 
 having been returned with alterations, the House appointed a 
 Commit tee of Comparison, which reported three positi veand sub- 
 stantial changes, in the matter of supply, relative to dutiesoncot- 
 tons, British herrings, and foreign diapers. The Commons conse- 
 quently rejected the altered Bill, but on the same day prepared 
 and passed heads of a Bill under a different title, yet as nearly 
 as possible of the same import with that which they had thrown 
 out, their object being to show that the rejection was not on 
 account of any particular objection to the nature of the changes, 
 but solely because it was an altered Money Bill. Woodfall, in 
 his London " Public Advertiser," published strictures on these 
 proceedings, reflecting insolently on the Irish Parliament, pro- 
 posing the dissolution of this "factious, obstinate, provincial 
 assembly," and the voting of the supplies by the English Le- 
 gislature. This publication was declared libellous by the Irish 
 Commons, on whose order the paper was burned by the com- 
 mon hangman before the gate of the Parliament House, in the 
 presence of the Sheriffs of Dublin, amidst the shouts of a 
 crowd of spectators. Lord Townshend being unable to pro-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 109 
 
 cure a majority in the House, prorogued the Parliament, hav- 
 ing protested against its rejection of the Money Bill ; but the 
 Commons ordered their Clerk not to permit the Viceroy's pro- 
 test to be entered on their Journals ; he, however, succeeded 
 in having it enrolled in the records of the House of Peers. 
 The Parliament was not again summoned till 1771, when, by 
 the expenditure of half a million sterling, Lord Townshend 
 succeeded in establishing a majority of less than thirty in 
 the Commons. The Opposition, vigorously headed by Lord 
 Charlemont, censured the Government measures in a series 
 of spirited protests, signed by many noblemen of the first rank 
 in the peerage of Ireland ; a majority of 27 of the Commons, 
 however, passed a vote for an address thanking the King for 
 continuing Lord Townshend in the Viceroyalty. 
 
 In consequence of this proceeding, the Speaker, John 
 Ponsonby, addressed a letter to the House, reminding it that 
 on the last day of the last session the Lord Lieutenant had ac- 
 cused the Commons of the great crime of entrenching upon 
 the King's royal power and authority, and the just and un- 
 doubted rights of the Crown of Great Britain. " As," added 
 Ponsonby, "it has pleased the House of Commons to take 
 the first opportunity after this transaction, of testifying their 
 approbation of his Excellency, by voting him an address of 
 thanks this session ; and as the delivery of such approbation to 
 his Excellency is incidental to the office of Speaker, I beg 
 leave to inform you that, as such thanks seem to me to convey 
 a censure of the proceedings, and a relinquishment of the pri- 
 vileges of the Commons, my respect to them must prevent my 
 being the instrument of delivering such Address ; and there- 
 fore I request you may elect another Speaker, who may not 
 think such conduct inconsistent with his honour." 
 
 As successor to Ponsonby, the Commons elected for their 
 Speaker Edmund Sexten Pery, characterized as having been 
 a party in every great statute and measure that took place in 
 Ireland during his own time ; a man, said Grattan, " of the
 
 110 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 most legislative capacity I ever knew, and the most compre- 
 hensive reach of understanding I ever saw ; with a deep en- 
 graven impression of public care, accompanied by a temper 
 which was tranquillity itself, and a personal firmness that was 
 adamant; in his train was every private virtue that could 
 adorn human nature." 
 
 By the power assumed by the English Privy Council of 
 rejecting or altering Bills originating in the Parliament of 
 Ireland, " the Attorney-General of England, with a dash of 
 his pen, could reverse, alter, or entirely do away the matured 
 result of all the eloquence and all the abilities of this whole 
 assembly." 
 
 "The inconveniency of this was illustrated by a Bill re- 
 turned to Ireland altered in seventy-four places, which had 
 been successively revised by Lord Thurlow, when Attorney - 
 General, Lord Roselyne, when Solicitor-General, and Mr. 
 MacNamara, a chamber counsel. The Bill, so metamorphosed, 
 was rejected by the Commons of Ireland. These various 
 corrections by an English, Scotch, and Irish lawyer, were of 
 serious consequence to Government. The temporary duties 
 of Ireland expired in a few days after the rejection of the Bill. 
 Several weeks elapsed before a Money Bill could be perfected, 
 sent over to England, returned, and approved by the Irish 
 Commons and Lords, and in the interim the merchants im- 
 ported duty free. The Commissioners of the Revenue, though 
 no law existed by which they could levy the duties, seized the 
 goods, and lodged them in the King's stores. The merchants 
 replevied, the Commissioners opposed the Sheriffs of Dublin, 
 who raised the posse comitatus, broke open the stores, and the 
 goods were conveyed to the merchants' houses in triumph." 
 
 In December, 1775, Henry Grattan, in his twenty-ninth 
 year, son of the Recorder of Dublin, took his seat in the Irish 
 House of Commons, having been returned for the borough of 
 Charlemont through the influence of his friend, Lord Charle- 
 mont. The first step towards the relaxation of the Penal
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. Ill 
 
 Code was a statute passed by the Parliament of Ireland in 
 1776, permitting Catholics to acquire an interest in the soil 
 by allowing them to take leases for 999 years, and to purchase 
 land, under certain restrictions. 
 
 The suppression of all branches of commerce and manu- 
 factures in Ireland likely to interfere with British interests 
 resulted in the pauperization of the Irish people, and the bank- 
 ruptcy of the colonial Government at Dublin, the public re- 
 venue of which became inadequate to pay the " infamous 
 pensions to infamous men," with which it was burthened by 
 the prodigality of the English Ministry. 
 
 The Government, in 1778, possessing neither resources 
 nor credit, having officially avowed its inability to protect the 
 people against the invasion menaced by France, authorized the 
 Irish to form associations for their own defence, and 40,000 
 armed Volunteers were consequently soon organized. 
 
 The American war closed the principal market for Irish 
 linens, while England, by embargoes, prohibited the export 
 of provisions almost the only trade allowed to exist in 
 Ireland, which was thus reduced to a state of general poverty. 
 The petitions of the people to Parliament were neglected ; 
 Grattan's motion, to lay before the King a full detail of the 
 national distress, was negatived in the Irish House of Com- 
 mons in February, 1778; and a recommendation from a 
 Committee of the British Cabinet, to allow Ireland free ex- 
 ports and imports to a limited extent, was abandoned on the 
 petition of some English manufacturing towns. The speech 
 delivered by the Viceroy, at the opening of the Parliament 
 in Dublin on the 12th of October, 1779, not containing any 
 reply to the addresses of the suffering Irish, an amendment 
 was moved by the Prime Sergeant, Hussey Burgh, and 
 unanimously adopted, " That we beg leave humbly to re- 
 present to his Majesty that it is not by temporary expedients, 
 but by a Free trade alone, that this nation is now to be saved 
 from impending ruin." The address for Free Trade was
 
 112 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 carried to the Lord Lieutenant at the Castle by the entire 
 House of Commons ; the Volunteers, under the command 
 of the Duke of Leinster, lined the streets, and presented arms 
 to the Speaker and the Members as they passed through their 
 ranks, amidst the applause of an assembled multitude. 
 
 On the 15th of the following month, about eight thou- 
 sand working manufacturers, mostly armed with swords and 
 pistols, assembled before the Parliament House on College 
 Green, and in the adjacent streets, crying, "A short Money 
 Bill! a free trade ! the rights of Ireland !" stopped several Mem- 
 bers going to the House, and administered oaths to such as they 
 suspected. A party went to the Attorney-General's house 
 at Harcourt-place, but not meeting him at home, they broke 
 a few of his windows and proceeded to the Four Courts, after 
 which they returned to the Parliament House. Some mis- 
 chief being apprehended, a troop of horse was ordered to patrol 
 the streets, and a party of Highlanders came to disperse the 
 mob, but the latter remained resolutely determined to keep 
 their ground. The Lord Mayor perceiving that any forcible 
 attempts to disperse them might be attended with fatal conse- 
 quences, dismissed the military, and, mildly addressing the 
 populace, remonstrated on the impropriety of their proceed- 
 ings, enjoining them to depart peaceably, as a more effectual 
 mode to attain the end universally wished for. Several popu- 
 lar Members of Parliament, and other gentlemen, harangued 
 them to the same effect, upon which they dispersed quietly. 
 Five hundred pounds were offered by the Lord Lieutenant, 
 at the request of Parliament, for the discovery of these rioters. 
 The King having returned a temporizing answer, the sup- 
 plies were stopped by 123 out of 170 Members in the House 
 carrying a resolution " that at this time it would be inexpe- 
 dient to grant new taxes." On the following day a motion 
 to grant the loan duties for only six months passed by a ma- 
 jority of 38 against the Government. In this debate the 
 Prime Sergeant, Hussey Burgh, delivered a brilliant oration
 
 THK PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 
 
 in favour of the rights of Ireland, thus sacrificing his prospects 
 of Government promotion. " The usurped authority of a 
 foreign Parliament has kept up," said Burgh, " the most 
 wicked laws that a jealous, monopolizing, ungrateful spirit 
 could devise, to restrain the bounty of Providence, and en- 
 slave a nation whose inhabitants are recorded to be a brave, 
 loyal, and generous people; by the English code of laws, to 
 answer the most sordid views, they have been treated with a 
 savage cruelty ; the words penalty, punishment, and Ireland, 
 are synonymous ; they are marked in blood on the margin of 
 their statutes ; and though time may have softened the calami- 
 ties of the nation, the baneful and destructive influence of 
 those laws have borne her down to a state of Egyptian bond- 
 age. The English have sown their laws like dragon's teeth, 
 and they have sprung up in armed men." 
 
 The concluding passage, and the manner in which it was 
 delivered, produced such a sensation that the House burst 
 into applause, which was re-echoed for a considerable time 
 by the occupants of the galleries. Several of the Government 
 place-holders reprobated the clamour, and demanded that the 
 galleries should be cleared, but the Attorney-General said 
 that it would be severe were they to reprove that expression 
 of applause which was an emanation of joy, inspiring a people 
 possibly much distressed, and they could not blame them for 
 the feelings of nature. The non-consumption and non-im- 
 portation of English manufactures, universally agreed to by 
 the people, combined with the stoppage of the supplies to the 
 Crown, extorted a free trade, thus, " breaking in an hour the 
 chain which had blocked up our harbours for ages." The 
 declaration of the Minister, that the concession of free trade 
 was revocable, having demonstrated that the independence of 
 the Irish Legislature could alone guarantee the commercial 
 freedom of the country, Grattan, supported by eighteen 
 counties, by the Grand Jury addresses, and the resolutions 
 of the Volunteers, moved, in the House of Commons, on the 
 
 VOL. III. I
 
 114 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 19th of April, 1780, the Declaration of Rights, forthe recovery 
 of the supreme legislative power of which the Parliament of 
 Ireland had been so long deprived. 
 
 " If," said Grattan, " I had lived when the ninth of Wil- 
 liam took away the woollen manufacture, or when the sixth 
 of George I. declared this country to be dependent, and sub- 
 ject to laws to be enacted by the Parliament of England, I 
 should have made a covenant with my own conscience to seize 
 the first moment of rescuing my country from the ignominy 
 of such acts of power ; or, if I had a son, I should have ad- 
 ministered to him an oath that he would consider himself as 
 a person separate and set apart for the discharge of so impor- 
 tant a duty ; upon the same principle am I now come to move 
 a declaration of right, the first moment occurring, since my 
 time, in which such a declaration could be made, with any 
 chance of success, and without aggravation of oppression. Sir, 
 it must appear to every person, that, notwithstanding the im- 
 port of sugar and export of woollens, the people of this country 
 are not satisfied something remains; the greater work is 
 behind ; the public heart is not well at ease ; to promulgate 
 our satisfaction ; to stop the throats of millions with the votes 
 of Parliament ; to preach homilies to the Volunteers ; to utter 
 invectives against the people, under pretence of affectionate 
 advice, is an attempt weak, suspicious, and inflammatory. 
 You cannot dictate to those whose sense you are intrusted to 
 represent ; your ancestors, who sat within these walls, lost to 
 Ireland trade and liberty; you, by the assistance of the peo- 
 ple, have recovered trade, you still owe the kingdom liberty ; 
 she calls upon you to restore it. The ground of public dis- 
 content seems to be, We have gotten commerce, but not free- 
 dom :' the same power which took away the export of woollens 
 and the export of glass may take them away again; the repeal 
 is partial, and the ground of repeal is upon a principle of ex- 
 pediency. It is very true you may feed your manufacturers, 
 and landed gentlemen may get their rents ; and you may ex-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 115 
 
 port woollens, and may load a vessel with baize, serges, and 
 kerseys, and you may bring back again directly from the Plan- 
 tations, sugar, indigo, speckle-wood, beetle-root and panellas 
 but liberty, the foundation of trade, the charters of the land, 
 the independency of Parliament, the securing, crowning, and 
 consummation of everything are yet to come. Without them 
 the work is imperfect, the foundation is wanting, the capital 
 is wanting, trade is not free, Ireland is a colony without the 
 benefit of a charter, and you are a provincial synod without 
 the privileges of a Parliament. 
 
 " I," continued Grattan, " read Lord North's proposition ; 
 I wish to be satisfied, but I am controlled by a paper, I Avill 
 not call it a law, it is the sixth of George I. [The statute 
 referred to at page 71 was here read.] I will ask the gen- 
 tlemen of the long robe is this the law ? I ask them whether 
 it is not practice ? I appeal to the Judges of the land whether 
 they are not in a course of declaring that the Parliament of 
 Great Britain, naming Ireland, binds her ? I appeal to the 
 magistrates of justice whether they do not, from time to time, 
 execute certain acts of the British Parliament ? I appeal 
 to the officers of the army whether they do not fine, confine, 
 and execute their fellow-subjects by virtue of the Mutiny 
 Act, an Act of the British Parliament ? And I appeal to this 
 House whether a country so circumstanced is free ? Where is 
 the freedom of trade ? Where is the security of property ? 
 Where is the liberty of the people ? I here, in this Declaratory 
 Act, see my country proclaimed a slave ! I see every man in 
 this House enrolled a slave ! I see the Judges of the realm, 
 the oracles of the law, borne down by an unauthorized foreign 
 power, by the authority of the British Parliament, against the 
 law ! I see the magistrates prostrate, and I see Parliament 
 witness of these infringements, and silent (silent, or employed 
 to preach moderation to the people, whose liberties it will not 
 restore!). I therefore say, with the voices of three millions 
 of people, that, notwithstanding the import of sugar, beetle- 
 i 2
 
 116 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 wood, and panellas, and the export of woollens and kerseys, 
 nothing is safe, satisfactory, or honourable, nothing, except 
 a declaration of right. What ! are you, with three millions of 
 men at your back, with charters in one hand, and arms in the 
 other, afraid to say you are a free people ? Are you, the 
 greatest House of Commons that ever sat in Ireland, that 
 want but this one Act to equal that English House of Com- 
 mons that passed the Petition of Right, are you afraid to 
 tell that British Parliament you are a free people ? Are the 
 cities and the instructing counties, who have breathed a 
 spirit that would have done honour to old Rome when Rome 
 did honour to mankind, are they to be free by connivance ? 
 Are the military associations, those bodies whose origin, 
 progress, and deportment have transcended, equalled at least, 
 anything in modern or ancient story, is the vast line of 
 northern army, are they to be free by connivance? What 
 man will settle among you ? Where is the use of the Natu- 
 ralization Bill ? What man will settle among you ? Who 
 will leave a land of liberty and a settled government for a 
 kingdom controlled by the Parliament of another country, 
 whose liberty is a thing by stealth, whose trade is a thing by 
 permission, whose Judges deny her charters, whose Parliament 
 leaves everything at random ; where the chance of freedom 
 depends upon the hope that the Jury shall despise the Judge 
 stating a British Act, or a rabble stop the magistrate execut- 
 ing it, rescue your abdicated privileges, and save the con- 
 stitution by trampling on the Government, by anarchy and 
 confusion." 
 
 After having pursued the subject through its various de- 
 tails, Grattan concluded as follows : 
 
 " I might, as a constituent, come to your Bar and demand 
 my liberty. I do call upon you, by the laws of the land and 
 their violation, by the instruction of eighteen counties, by the 
 arms, inspiration, and providence of the present moment, tell 
 us the rule by which we shall go, assert the law of Ireland,
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 117 
 
 declare the liberty of the land. I will not be answered by 
 a public lie, in the shape of an amendment ; neither, speaking 
 for the subjects' freedom, am I to hear of faction. I wish for 
 nothing but to breathe, in this our island, in common with my 
 fellow-subjects, the air of liberty. I have no ambition, unless 
 it be the ambition to break your chain and contemplate your 
 glory. I never will be satisfied so long as the meanest cot- 
 tager in Ireland has a link of the British chain clanking to his 
 rags : he may be naked he shall not be in iron ; and I do see 
 the time is at hand, the spirit is gone forth, the declaration is 
 planted ; and though great men should apostatize, yet the 
 cause will live ; and though the public speaker should die, yet 
 the immortal fire shall outlast the organ which conveyed it, 
 and the breath of liberty, like the word of the holy man, will 
 not die with the prophet, but survive him." 
 
 This was considered by Grattan to have been the ablest of 
 his speeches, and the House was said to have been astonished by 
 its fire and eloquence, combined with the singular but effective 
 style in which it was delivered. After a debate of fourteen 
 hours, terminating at 6^ on the following morning, the motion 
 was negatived, but the sense of the House was nearly unani- 
 mous against Ireland being bound by English Acts of Parlia- 
 ment. 
 
 The convention of armed Volunteers assembled at Dun- 
 gannon on the 15th of February, 1782, having passed resolu- 
 tions declaring the claim of the English Parliament to make 
 laws for Ireland to be unconstitutional, illegal, and a grievance, 
 Grattan, on the 14th of March, in the Irish House of Com- 
 mons, announced that he would bring forward the question 
 of Right, and carried the following resolution of summons : 
 "Ordered, that this House be called over on Tuesday, the 
 16th of April next, and that the Speaker do write circular 
 letters to the members, ordering them to attend that day, as 
 they tender the rights of the Irish Parliament." 
 
 The British Ministers requested an adjournment of the
 
 H8 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 question of Independence, offering, in return, office, or any- 
 thing in the power of the Crown, to Lord Charlemont and 
 Grattan, who, although far from wealthy, refused their over- 
 tures, and declined to postpone measures which they consi- 
 dered public property. 
 
 "Early on the 16th of April, 1782," writes Barrington, 
 " the great street before the House of Parliament was thronged 
 by a multitude of people, of every class, and of every descrip- 
 tion, though many hours must elapse before the House would 
 meet, or business be proceeded on. As it was a circumstance 
 which seldom takes place on the eve of remarkable events, it 
 becomes a proper subject of remark, that though more than 
 many thousands of people, inflamed by the most ardent zeal, 
 were assembled in a public street withoutany guide, restraint, 
 or control, save the example of the Volunteers not the 
 slightest appearance of tumult was observable ; on the con- 
 trary, such perfect order prevailed that not even an angry 
 word or offensive expression escaped their lips. Nothing could 
 more completely prove the good disposition of the Dublin 
 populace than this correctness of demeanour, at a time when 
 they had been taught that the very existence of their trade 
 and manufactures, and consequently the future subsistence 
 of themselves and their families, was to be decided by the 
 conduct of their representatives that very evening ; and it 
 was gratifying to see that those who were supposed, or even 
 proved to have been their decided enemies, were permitted 
 to pass through this immense assemblage, without receiving 
 the slightest token of incivility, and with the same ease as 
 those who were known to be their determined friends. The 
 Parliament had been summoned to attend this momentous 
 question by an unusual and special call of the House ; and by 
 4 o'clock a full meeting took place. The body of the House 
 of Commons was crowded with its Members ; a great propor- 
 tion of the Peerage attended as auditors, and the capacious 
 gallery which surrounded the interior magnificent dome of the
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 1 19 
 
 house contained above 400 ladies of the highest distinction, 
 Avho partook of the same national fire which had enlightened 
 their parents, their husbands, and their relatives, and by the 
 sympathetic influence of their presence and zeal communi- 
 cated an instinctive chivalrous impulse to eloquence and to 
 patriotism. Those who have only seen the tumultuous rush 
 of Imperial Parliaments can form no idea of the interesting 
 appearance of the Irish House of Commons. The cheerful 
 magnificence of its splendid architecture the number the 
 decorum and brilliancy of the anxious auditory the vital 
 question that night to be determined, and the solemn dignity 
 which closed the proceedings of that awful moment collec- 
 tively produced impressions, even on disinterested strangers, 
 which perhaps had never been so strongly or so justly excited 
 by the appearance and proceedings of any house of legislature. 
 Mr. Pery [the Speaker] took the Chair at 4 o'clock. The 
 singular wording of the summonses had its complete effect, 
 and procured the attendance of almost every Member resident 
 within the kingdom. A calm but deep solicitude was appa- 
 rent on almost every countenance, when Mr. Grattan entered, 
 accompanied by Mr. Brownlow, and several others, the de- 
 termined and important advocates for the Declaration of Irish 
 Independence. Mr. Grattan's preceding exertions and anxiety 
 had manifestly injured his health; his tottering frame seemed 
 barely sufficient to sustain his labouring mind, replete with 
 the unprecedented importance and responsibility of the mea- 
 sure he was about to bring forward. He was unacquainted 
 with the reception it would obtain from the connexions of 
 the Government ; he was that day irretrievably to commit 
 his country with Great Britain, and through him Ireland was 
 either to assert her liberty, or start from the connexion. -His 
 own situation was tremendous that of the Members attached to 
 the Administration embarrassing that of the people, anxious 
 to palpitation. For a short time a profound silence ensued : 
 it was expected that Mr. Grattan would immediately rise
 
 120 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Avhen the wisdom and discretion of the Government gave a 
 turn to the proceedings, which in a moment eased the Parlia- 
 ment of its solicitude, Mr. Grattan of the weight that oppressed 
 him, and the people of their anxiety. Mr. Hely Hutchinson 
 (then Secretary of State in Ireland) rose. He said that his 
 Excellency the Lord Lieutenant had ordered him to deliver 
 a message from the King, importing that, His Majesty being 
 concerned to find that discontents and jealousies were pre- 
 vailing amongst his loyal subjects of Ireland, upon matters of 
 great weight and importance, recommended to the House to 
 take the same into their most serious consideration, in order 
 to effect such a final adjustment as might give satisfaction 
 to both kingdoms. And Mr. Hutchinson accompanied this 
 message with a statement of his own views on the subject, 
 and his determination to support a declaration of Irish Rights 
 and Constitutional Independence. Thus, on the 16th of April, 
 1782, did the King of Ireland, through his Irish Secretary of 
 State, at length himself propose to redress those grievances 
 through his Irish Parliament; an authority which, as King 
 of England, his Minister had never before recognised or 
 admitted. In a moment the whole scene was completely 
 changed ; those miserable prospects which had so long dis- 
 gusted, and at length so completely agitated the Irish people, 
 vanished from their view ; the phenomenon of such a message 
 had an instantaneous and astonishing effect, and pointed out 
 such a line of conduct to every party and to every individual, 
 as left it almost impossible for any but the most mischievous 
 characters, to obstruct the happy unanimity which now became 
 the gratifying result of this prudent and wise proceeding. Mr. 
 Hutchinson, however, observed in his speech, that he was not 
 officially authorized to say more than simply to deliver the 
 message: he was therefore silent as to all details and 
 pledged the Government to none ; the Parliament would act 
 upon the message as to themselves might seem advisable. 
 Another solemn pause now ensued. Mr. Grattan remained
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 121 
 
 silent when Mr. George Ponsonby rose, and, after eulo- 
 gizing the King, the British Minister, and the Irish Govern- 
 ment, simply proposed an humble address in reply. It is 
 an observation not unworthy of remark, that in describing 
 the events of that important evening, the structure of the 
 Irish House of Commons, at the period of these debates, was 
 particularly adapted to convey to the people an impression of 
 dignity and of splendour in their legislative assembly. The 
 interior of the Commons' House was a rotunda of great archi- 
 tectural magnificence ; an immense gallery, supported by 
 Tuscan pillars, surrounded the inner base of a grand and lofty 
 dome. In that gallery, on every important debate, nearly 
 700 auditors heard the sentiments and learned the characters 
 of their Irish representatives ; the gallery was never cleared 
 on a division ; the rising generation acquired a love of elo- 
 quence and of liberty; the principles of a just and proud 
 ambition ; the details of public business ; and the rudiments 
 of constitutional legislation. The front rows of this gallery 
 were generally occupied by females of the highest rank and 
 fashion, whose presence gave an animating and brilliant splen- 
 dour to the entire scene ; and, in a nation such as Ireland then 
 was, from which the gallant principles of chivalry had not 
 been altogether banished, contributed not a little to the pre- 
 servation of that decorum so indispensable to the dignity and 
 weight of deliberative assemblies. This entire gallery had 
 been crowded at an early hour by personages of the first re- 
 spectability of both sexes it would be difficult to describe 
 the interesting appearance of the whole assemblage at this 
 awful moment. After the speech of Mr. Hutchinson, which, 
 in fact, decided nothing, a low confidential whisper ran through 
 the house, and every Member seemed to court the sentiments 
 of his neighbour, without venturing to express his own ; the 
 anxious spectators, inquisitively leaning forward, awaited with 
 palpitating expectation the development of some measure 
 likely to decide the fate of their country, themselves, and their
 
 122 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 posterity ; no middle course could be possibly adopted ; imme- 
 diate conciliation or tranquillity, or revolt and revolution, was 
 the dilemma which floated on every thinking mind a solemn 
 pause ensued at length Mr. Grattan, slowly rising from his 
 seat, commenced the most luminous, brilliant, and effective 
 oration ever delivered in the Irish Parliament." 
 
 " I am now," said he, " to address a free people : ages have 
 passed away, and this is the first moment in which you could 
 be distinguished by that appellation. I found Ireland on her 
 knees, I watched over her with an eternal solicitude ; I have 
 traced her progress from injuries to arms, and from arms to 
 liberty. Spirit of Swift ! spirit of Molyneux ! your genius 
 has prevailed ! Ireland is now a nation ! in that new character 
 I hail her ! and, bowing to her august presence, I say, ' Esto 
 perpetua !' She is no longer a wretched colony, returning 
 thanks to her Governor for his rapine, and to her King for his 
 oppression ; nor is she now a squabbling, fretful sectary, per- 
 plexing her little wits, and firing her furious statutes with 
 bigotry, sophistry, disabilities, and death, to transmit to 
 posterity insignificance and war. 
 
 " There are some who think, and a few who declare, that 
 the [Volunteer] associations to which I refer are illegal : come, 
 then, let us try the charge, and state the grievance. And, 
 first I ask, what were the grievances ? an army imposed on 
 us by another country ; that army rendered perpetual ; the 
 Privy Council of both countries made a part of our Legisla- 
 ture ; our Legislature deprived of its originating and pro- 
 pounding power ; another country exercising over us supreme 
 legislative authority ; that country disposing of our property 
 by its judgments, and prohibiting our trade by its statutes: 
 these were not grievances, but spoliations, which left you 
 nothing. When you contended against them, you contended 
 for the whole of your condition ; when the Minister asked, by 
 what right ? we refer him to our Maker : we sought our 
 privileges by the right which we have to defend our property
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 123 
 
 against a robber, our life against a murderer, our country 
 against an invader, whether coming with civil or military 
 force a foreign army or a foreign legislature. Let other 
 nations be deceived by the sophistry of courts. Ireland has 
 studied politics in the lair of oppression, and, taught by suf- 
 fering, comprehends the rights of subjects and the duty of 
 kings. Let other nations imagine that subjects were made for 
 the monarch, but we conceive that kings, and Parliaments, 
 like kings, are made for the subjects. You can get a king any- 
 where, but England is the only country with whom you can 
 participate a free constitution. This makes England your 
 natural connexion, and her king your natural as well as your 
 legal sovereign : this is a connexion not as Lord Coke has 
 idly said, not as Judge Blackstone has foolishly said, not as 
 other Judges have ignorantly said by conquest; but as 
 Molyneux has said, and as I now say, by compact; and that 
 compact is a free constitution. Suffer me now to state some 
 of the things essential to that free constitution ; they are as 
 follows: the independency of the Irish Parliament; the ex- 
 clusion of the British Parliament from any authority in this 
 realm ; the restoration of the Irish Judicature, and the exclu- 
 sion of thatTpf Great Britain." 
 
 " This speech, ranking in the very first class of effective 
 eloquence, rising in its progress, applied equally to the sense, 
 the pride, and the spirit of the nation ; every succeeding 
 sentence increased the interest which his exordium had excited 
 trampling upon the arrogant claims and unconstitutional 
 usurpations of the British Government; he reasoned on the 
 enlightened principle of a federative compact, and urged 
 irresistibly the necessity, the justice, and the policy of 
 immediately and unequivocally declaring the constitutional 
 independence of the Irish nation, and the supremacy of the 
 Irish Parliament, as the only effectual means of preserving 
 the connexion between the two nations. 
 
 " Proceeding in the same glow of language and of reason-
 
 124 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 ing, and amidst an universal cry of approbation," Grattan 
 concluded by moving the following amendment to Ponsonby's 
 motion : 
 
 " To assure his Majesty of our unshaken attachment to 
 his Majesty's person and government, and of our lively sense 
 of his paternal care in thus taking the lead to administer con- 
 tent to his Majesty's subjects of Ireland. That, thus en- 
 couraged by his royal interposition, we shall beg leave, with 
 all duty and affection, to lay before his Majesty the causes of 
 our discontents and jealousies. To assure his Majesty that his 
 subjects of Ireland are a free people. That theCrown of Ireland 
 is an Imperial Crown, inseparably annexed to the Crown of 
 Great Britain, on which connexion the interests and happiness 
 of both nations essentially depend; but that the kingdom of 
 Ireland is a distinct kingdom, with a Parliament of her own, 
 the sole Legislature thereof. That there is no body of men 
 competent to make laws to bind this nation except the King, 
 Lords, and Commons of Ireland, nor any other Parliament 
 which hath any authority or power of any sort whatsoever in 
 this country, save only the Parliament of Ireland. To assure 
 his Majesty that we humbly conceive that in this right the 
 very essence of our liberties exists ; a right which we, on the 
 part of all the people of Ireland, do claim as their birthright, 
 and which we cannot yield but with our lives. To assure his 
 Majesty that we have seen, with concern, certain claims ad- 
 vanced by the Parliament of Great Britain in an Act entitled 
 * An Act for the better securing the dependency of Ireland ;' 
 an Act containing matter entirely irreconcileable to the funda- 
 mental rights of this nation. That we conceive this Act, and 
 the claims it advances, to be the great and principal cause of 
 the discontents and jealousies of this kingdom. To assure his 
 Majesty that his Majesty's Commons of Ireland do most sin- 
 cerely wish that all Bills, which have become law in Ireland, 
 should receive the approbation of his Majesty, under the seal 
 of Great Britain ; but that yet we do consider the practice of
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 125 
 
 suppressing our Bills in the Council of Ireland, or altering 
 the same any where, to be another just cause of discontent and 
 jealousy. To assure his Majesty that an Act, entitled ' An 
 Act for the better accommodation of his Majesty's Forces,' 
 being unlimited in duration, and defective in other instances, 
 but passed in that shape from the particular circumstances 
 of the times, is another just cause of discontent and jealousy 
 in this kingdom. That we have submitted these, the principal 
 causes of the present discontent and jealousy of Ireland, and 
 remain in humble expectation of redress. That we have the 
 greatest reliance on his Majesty's wisdom, the most sanguine 
 expectations from his virtuous choice of a Chief Governor, 
 and great confidence in the wise, auspicious, and constitutional 
 councils, which we see with satisfaction his Majesty has 
 adopted. That we have, moreover, a high sense and veneration 
 for the British character, and do therefore conceive that the 
 proceedings of this country, founded as they were on right, 
 and tempered by duty, must have excited the approbation 
 and esteem, instead of wounding the pride, of the British 
 nation. And we beg leave to assure his Majesty that we are 
 the more confirmed in this hope, inasmuch as the people of 
 this kingdom have never expressed a desire to share the 
 freedom of England, without declaring a determination to 
 share her fate likewise, standing and falling with the British 
 nation." 
 
 This amendment was seconded by Mr. Brownlow, Mem- 
 ber for the county of Armagh, one of the first of the country 
 gentlemen of Ireland in point of wealth and reputation. On the 
 part of the Government adherents in the House, George Ponsonby 
 assented to the proposed measure ; and after Hussey Burgh, 
 John Fitzgibbon, and other Members had spoken in advocacy 
 of it, all further debate ceased. " The Speaker put the ques- 
 tion on Mr. Grattan's amendment ; a unanimous * Aye' burst 
 from every part of the House he repeated the question the 
 applauses were redoubled a moment of tumultuous exultation
 
 126 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 followed and, after centuries of oppression, Ireland at length 
 
 declared herself an independent nation. This important event 
 quickly reached the impatient crowds of every rank of society, 
 who, without-doors, awaited the decision of Parliament; a 
 cry of joy and of exultation spread with electric rapidity 
 through the entire city its echo penetrated to the very interior 
 of the House everything gave way to an effusion of happi- 
 ness and congratulation that had never before been exhibited 
 in that misgoverned country." 
 
 The interior of the House of Commons on this occasion, 
 with its assembled Members, formed the subject of a painting 
 by Francis Wheatley, now in the possession of Grattan's son. 
 In the Dining-hall of Trinity College is to be seen Kenny's 
 full-length portrait of Grattan, attired in his Volunteer uni- 
 form, moving the Declaration of Rights. 
 
 The address of the Irish Parliament having been laid be- 
 fore the King, was by him submitted to the British Legisla- 
 ture, which with much expedition acceded to the repeal of 
 the Act of 6 George I., thus restoring to Ireland the Court 
 of Final Judicature. This decision was communicated in 
 the following May to the Parliament of Ireland, which then 
 passed Bills regulating Irish Acts of Parliament, the Habeas 
 Corpus Act, the repeal of " Poynings' Law," and of the per- 
 petual Mutiny Bill; securing also the Final Judicature, the 
 freedom of election, the independence of the Judges, and per- 
 mitting Catholics to acquire lands by purchase, and restoring 
 to them the rights of person, property and religion. Refer- 
 ring to the difficulties which he experienced in reconciling the 
 Members of the Irish Peerage to the restoration of their own 
 privileges, Grattan observed : " I carried the Lords upon 
 my back; and a heavier load I never bore. I could never 
 have got them to move, if it had not been for the bayonets of 
 the Volunteers." 
 
 In this session, Beauchamp Bagenal, Member for Carlow, 
 proposed that 100,000 should be granted as a national gift
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 127 
 
 to Grattan, at whose friends' request the vote was limited to 
 half that amount. The House of Commons having resolved 
 itself into a Committee to take into consideration what sum of 
 money it might be proper to grant for the purpose of purchas- 
 ing an estate, and building a mansion, to be settled on Henry 
 Grattan, voted, on May 31, 1782, 50,000, to be laid out in 
 the purchase of lands in Ireland, to be settled on him and 
 his heirs, in testimony of the gratitude of the nation for his 
 eminent and unequalled services to this kingdom. 
 
 The " simple repeal" of the declaratory Statute of George I. 
 satisfied Charlemont and Grattan ; but Flood and his adherents 
 objected to its inadequacy, maintaining, as indispensable for 
 the security of the country, that the British Parliament should 
 expressly and for ever renounce the possession of legislative au- 
 thority over Ireland, and disclaim any future renewal of such 
 assumption. These arguments, with the important constitu- 
 tional questions arising from them, were debated with great 
 ability ; and finally, the British Parliament, by the Act of 
 Renunciation, explicitly surrendered, on the part of England, 
 all right or pretension to legislate for Ireland, internally or 
 externally. 
 
 The House of Commons of Ireland, consisting of 300 Mem- 
 bers, was, in 1783, constituted as follows : 
 
 32 Counties returned, .... Knights, ... 64 
 
 7 Cities, Citizens, ... 14 
 
 The University of Dublin, . Eepresentatives, 2 
 
 110 Boroughs, Burgesses, . . 220 
 
 Total, 300 
 Of which number the People returned, . . 81 
 
 The Patrons, 219 
 
 300 
 
 With the object of reforming this corrupt state of the House 
 of Commons, an armed convention of Volunteers was formed in 
 1783, acting in concert with which, Flood, in the same year, 
 moved for leave to bring in a Bill for the more equal Parliamen-
 
 128 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 tary representation of the people, exclusive of the Catholics. 
 This, however, after a protracted and most violent debate, which 
 lasted all through Saturday night and part of Sunday morning, 
 was rejected by 159 to 77. In the succeeding year Flood 
 brought forward another Bill for Parliamentary reform, which 
 was lost by 85 against 159- 
 
 " How, " asked Grattan, " came the Irish Parliament, 
 with all its Borough Members, in 1779, to demand a free 
 trade in 1782, to demand a free constitution? Because," 
 he replied, " it sat in Ireland ; because they sat in their own 
 country ; and because, at that time, they had a country ; be- 
 cause, however influenced as many of its Members were by 
 places, however uninfluenced as many of its Members were by 
 popular representation, yet were they influenced by Irish sym- 
 pathy. They did not like to meet, every hour, faces that looked 
 shame upon them ; they did not like to stand in the sphere of 
 their own infamy ; thus they acted as the Irish absentee at 
 the very same time did not act ; they saved the country, be- 
 cause they lived in it, as the others abandoned the country, 
 because they lived out of it." 
 
 John Philpot Curran obtained a seat in the Parliament of 
 Ireland in 1783, as Member for the borough of Kilbeggan, 
 through the influence of its proprietor, Lord Longueville. 
 " I," said Curran, " was a person attached to a great and 
 powerful party [the Opposition], whose leaders were men of 
 importance in the State, totally devoted to those political pur- 
 suits from whence my mind was necessarily distracted by 
 studies of a different description. They allotted me my sta- 
 tion in debate, which, being generally in the rere, was seldom 
 brought into action till towards the close of the engagement 
 After having toiled through the Four Courts for the entire 
 day, I brought to the House of Commons a person enfeebled 
 and a mind exhausted. I was compelled to speak late in the 
 night, and had to rise early for the Judges in the morning : 
 the consequence was, my efforts were but crude; and, where
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 129 
 
 others had the whole day for the correction of [the reports of] 
 their speeches, I was left at the mercy of inability or inatten- 
 tion." 
 
 In November, 1783, on occasion of a debate on a petition 
 respecting the importation of tobacco, the occupants of the 
 gallery having loudly applauded the sentiments expressed by 
 Prime Sergeant Kelly, the House was ordered to be cleared, 
 and Fitzgibbon, the Attorney-General, after censuring the con- 
 duct of those in the gallery, moved a resolution " That a 
 gross and indecent outrage, by clapping of hands, having been 
 committed this night by the strangers admitted to the gallery, 
 resolved, that the Sergeant-at-Arms do, s from time to^time, 
 take into his custody any stranger or strangers that he shall 
 see or be informed of to be in the House, while any Committee 
 of the whole House, or the Committee of Privileges, is sitting; 
 and that this order should be strictly enforced." Flood, who 
 strongly advocated the admission of constituents to hear the 
 debates, declared that if gentlemen were not ashamed of their 
 conduct, they had nothing to fear from it being known ; and 
 that it was unreasonable and unjust to exclude all from the 
 galleries for the intemperate conduct of a few. The motion 
 was, however, carried by 157 against 72. 
 
 To alleviate the distress resulting from the oppression of 
 the trade of Ireland, a Bill was introduced into Parliament to 
 establish restrictive duties to protect the Irish manufacturers 
 against the long-standing British monopolists. The rejection 
 of this Bill, on Friday, March 9, 1784, highly incensed the 
 suffering populace. About five hundred distressed artisans 
 assembled at the Parliament House on the following Monday, 
 and having made their way into the gallery of the House, then 
 sitting, they loudly taunted the Members who had voted 
 against the Bill with having received bribes from England. 
 The troops were immediately ordered out, and two of the 
 chief rioters having been arrested, were carried to the Bar, 
 VOL. in. K
 
 130 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 and ordered to be committed to Newgate ; after which the 
 business of the House was resumed. 
 
 John Foster was in 1785 elected Speaker of the Commons, 
 on the resignation of Edmund Sexten Pery, who had held 
 that office with high reputation for above fourteen years. 
 
 The Peers in 1778 had decided on erecting additional 
 apartments for their own convenience over the clerk's offices, 
 the coffee-room, theadjacent chamber,and therobing-room ; but 
 in the ensuing year they resolved that in the then state of the 
 country it was expedient to defer those buildings, which, in 
 1782, they agreed to proceed with, under the superintendence 
 of Thomas Cooley. This design was, however, abandoned in 
 the same year, the House resolving that, in consequence of 
 the new plan adopted by Parliament for opening a communi- 
 cation between the northern and southern sides of the city, 
 there would be an opportunity of building the required addi- 
 tional rooms in a commodious manner, by erecting an east 
 front to the House, with a convenient entrance. Various ar- 
 chitects, consulted by the Peers, reported that the contemplated 
 erection would be attended with serious obstacles, the eastern 
 portion of the Parliament House being environed with houses 
 and buildings standing on ground, the sudden and great de- 
 clivities of which opposed the observance of a due regard to 
 architectural uniformity in preserving continuously the lines 
 of cornices, blank windows, and rustic basement. James 
 Gandon, however, having given his opinion that the additions 
 could be carried out, provided the ground were obtained, pro- 
 posed the erection of a portico on the east side, as an entrance 
 to the House of Lords, connected with the south front by a 
 circular ornamental wall; the portico to be of the Corinthian 
 order, the lengthened shaft and capital of which would, with 
 the aid of one or two steps of approach, nearly meet the 
 obstacle presented by the declivity of the ground. An Ionic 
 portico on this site should have been ascended by a consider-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 131 
 
 able flight of steps, or its grandeur would have been totally 
 marred by the high pedestals required for the columns. 
 
 The Peers having in December, 1783, agreed to accept Gan- 
 don's plans, with some alterations from his original design, voted 
 7761 17s. 5d. for the purchase of the site; and the digging 
 of the foundation was commenced in May, 1785. The portico 
 thus erected in Westmoreland-street is composed of six Co- 
 rinthian columns, 3 feet 6 inches in diameter, surmounted 
 by a handsome pediment, originally approached by two steps, 
 and with the circular ornamental wall, as in the plan, carrying 
 round the cornice and rustic basement, but without columns, 
 and substituting niches instead of windows. The apparent 
 incongruity of erecting a Corinthian portico to an Ionic edi- 
 fice excited numerous comments from those unacquainted with 
 the difficulties presented by the site. "During the erection 
 of this portico, a gentleman passing by, just at the moment 
 when Mr. Gandon was visiting the works, accosted him, not 
 knowing that he was the architect, and begged to know what 
 the order of the columns was, perceiving that they differed from 
 those in the front portico. Mr. Gandon's playful reply was: 
 * Sir, the order you are now inquiring about is a very sub- 
 stantial one, being an order of the House of Lords.' " The 
 additional apartments erected at this period in the House of 
 Lords included a committee-room 39 feet by 27; a library 33 
 feet square; a hall 57 feet by 20; an elegant circular vesti- 
 bule ; and an office for the Ulster King-at-Arms ; the total 
 expenditure being 20,137 7s. 5d. The three figures re- 
 presenting Justice, Wisdom, and Liberty, on the pediment of 
 this eastern portico, were executed by Edward Smith, the 
 sculptor of the statue of Dr. Lucas in the Eoyal Exchange, 
 already noticed. 
 
 " The House of Lords," wrote the Eev. John Wesley in 
 1787, "far exceeds that at Westminster: and the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant's throne as far exceeds that miserable throne (so-called) 
 of the King in the English House of Lords. The House of 
 K 2
 
 132 HISTORr OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Commons is a noble room indeed, it is an octagon, wains- 
 cotted round with Irish oak, which shames all mahogany, and 
 galleried all round for the convenience of the ladies. The 
 Speaker's chair is far more grand than the throne of the Lord 
 Lieutenant. But," adds Wesley, "what surprised me above 
 all, were the kitchens of the House, and the large apparatus 
 for good eating. Tables were placed from one end of a large 
 hall to the other, which, it seems, while the Parliament sits, 
 are daily covered with meat, at four or five o'clock, for the 
 accommodation of the Members." 
 
 Barrington, who sat in the latter Irish Parliaments, tells 
 us that "on the day whereon the routine business of the 
 Budget was to be opened, for the purpose of voting supplies, 
 the Speaker invited the whole of the Members to dinner in 
 the House, in his own and the adjoining chambers. Several 
 Peers were accustomed to mix in the company ; and I believe 
 an equally happy, joyous, and convivial assemblage of legis- 
 lators never were seen together. All distinctions as to Govern- 
 ment or Opposition parties were totally laid aside ; harmony, 
 wit, wine, and good humour reigning triumphant. The Speaker, 
 Clerk, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and a very few veteran 
 financiers, remained in the House till the necessary routine 
 was gone through, and then joined their happy comrades, the 
 party seldom breaking up till midnight. On the ensuing day 
 the same festivities were repeated ; but on the third day, when 
 the report was to be brought in, and the business discussed in 
 detail, the scene totally changed : the convivialists were now 
 metamorphosed into downright public declamatory enemies, 
 and, ranged on opposite sides of the House, assailed each other 
 without mercy. Every questionable item was debated every 
 proposition deliberately discussed and more zealous or assi- 
 duous senators could nowhere be found than in the very mem- 
 bers who, during two days, had appeared to commit the whole 
 funds of the nation to the management of half-a-dozen arith- 
 meticians. But all this was consonant to the national cha-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 133 
 
 racter of the individuals. Set them at table, and no men en- 
 joyed themselves half so much ; set them to business, no men 
 ever worked with more earnestness and effect." 
 
 In the Parliament House was performed the ceremony of 
 waking the Duke of Rutland, who died in November, 1787, 
 during his Viceroyalty. At 3 A. M. the coffin containing the 
 Duke's corpse was conveyed from the Lodge in the Park, at- 
 tended by his domestics, and escorted by a squadron of horse, to 
 the House of Lords. The entrance to the chamber was through 
 a suite of rooms, lighted with wax, and hung with a superfine 
 black cloth, decorated with escutcheons and banners of his 
 Grace's armorial achievements, and the insignia of the Order of 
 St. Patrick and the Order of the Garter. The floors were co- 
 vered with black cloth; the state-room was similarly deco- 
 rated, the coffin being laid under a grand canopy, ornamented 
 with large plumes of black feathers, and hung with escutch- 
 eons. The embalmed body was deposited in a cedar coffin, 
 lined with satin, enclosed in one of lead, over which was a 
 coffin of mahogany, richly inlaid, and the whole was en- 
 closed in the state coffin, covered with crimson velvet, and 
 decorated with ornament?, chased and gilt. On the breast- 
 plate, which was in the form of a heart, encircled with a 
 border of oak leavess, also chased and gilt, was engraved the 
 inscription. At the head of the coffin was a ducal coronet, 
 supported by two of his Grace's aides-de-camp, and on each 
 side stood six mutes, dressed in long black gowns and caps, 
 supporting branches of wax tapers. The passage through 
 the room was enclosed by railing ; every decent person was 
 admitted, a number of the Battle-axe Guards attending to 
 preserve regularity ; and strict decorum and silence were 
 observed. On the 17th of November, at 11 A.M. the coffin, 
 preceded by the choirs of the tw T o Cathedrals chanting a 
 dirge, was conveyed to the funeral chariot, at the great por- 
 tico, and thence brought in grand procession to the water- 
 side.
 
 134 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 At the close of 1 789, considerable alterations were made 
 in the gallery of the House of Commons, at the sugges- 
 tion of Burton Conyngham, and under the direction of the 
 Speaker. The space was curtailed, and the students of the 
 University were not admitted until the Speaker had taken 
 the chair. The gallery, after its alteration, was capable of 
 containing 280 persons, who, sitting at perfect ease, could 
 witness every transaction of the House. To the gallery be- 
 hind the chair, admittance was only granted by permission of 
 the Speaker. Towards the termination of the Irish Parlia- 
 ment, the Collegians were denied free admission to the gal- 
 lery a privilege erroneously supposed to have been of long 
 standing as we find the Attorney-General, Arthur Wolfe, 
 stating, in 1790, that he remembered, when he was a student 
 in the University, often to have walked in his gown, for 
 hours, through the hall of the House, till he met some good- 
 natured Member to put him into the gallery. 
 
 " My acquaintance with Thomas Russell commenced," 
 says Wolfe Tone, "by an argument in the gallery of the 
 House of Commons. We were struck with each other, not- 
 withstanding the difference of our opinions, and we agreed to 
 dine together the next day, in order to discuss the question. 
 We liked each other better the second day than the first, and 
 every day since increased and confirmed our mutual esteem." 
 
 The English House of Parliament was cleared of strangers 
 for every division, but in the Irish House the divisions were 
 public, and red and black lists were immediately published 
 of the voters on every important occasion. 
 
 The Commons' House not being thought sufficiently con- 
 venient, and the Members being also desirous to improve the 
 external appearance of the building, determined to erect 
 considerable additions to the westward of the old structure. 
 Gandon made designs for these additions, which, however, 
 were finally executed under the superintendence of Robert 
 Parke, from plans partly devised by Colonel Samuel Hayes,
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 135 
 
 M. P., who claimed to be a kinsman of Burgh, the prede- 
 cessor of Pearce, as Surveyor-General. These new erections, 
 on portion of the site of" Turnstile-alley," commenced in 
 August, 1787, and completed in October, 1794, comprised 
 an extent of building nearly equal to that on the eastern side 
 of the House. The western entrance, under a portico of 
 four Ionic columns, was attached to the old portico by a 
 circular Avail, as on the opposite side, but with the addition 
 of a circular colonnade, of the same order and magnitude as 
 the columns of the portico, 12 feet distant from the wall. 
 This colonnade, being of considerable extent, gave an appear- 
 ance of extreme grandeur to the building, but deprived it of 
 particular distinguishing beauties, which the plainer screen 
 wall to the east gave to the porticoes. The inside of this 
 addition comprised many conveniencies, including a suite of 
 committee-rooms, for determining contested elections before 
 the House; rooms for the Housekeeper, Sergeant-at-Arms, 
 &c., and a large hall for chairmen to wait in with their chairs. 
 The whole expenditure of these buildings amounted to 
 25,396. 
 
 The principal subjects occupying the attention of the 
 Irish Parliament from 1785 to 1788 were the Tithe Question 
 and the Commercial Propositions, in which they were over- 
 reached by the duplicity of Pitt. 
 
 During the insanity of George III. in 1789, the Irish 
 Parliament carried, in opposition to Government, a motion 
 conferring the Regency upon the Prince of Wales, unre- 
 stricted by the limitations stipulated by the British Legis- 
 lature. The Marquis of Buckingham, then Viceroy, declined 
 to transmit to England the address of the House of Com- 
 mons, which consequently passed a vote of censure upon him, 
 carried resolutions asserting the privilege of Parliament, and 
 appointed a deputation, including the Duke of Leinster, Lord 
 Charlemont, and Grattan, to present their address to the 
 Prince of Wales in London. The recovery of the King
 
 136 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 obviated the difficulties which might have arisen from the 
 Irish Parliament differing with that of England on the terms 
 upon which the Prince should be appointed Regent. The 
 most violent advocate in the Irish Parliament of Pitt's 
 policy against the Opposition party was John Fitzgibbon, 
 the Attorney-General, who declared in .the House, that 
 Government, following the example of Lord Townsend, 
 would spend half a million to obtain a majority in Parlia- 
 ment, and that they would make every man the .victim of his 
 vote. This threat led to the signature of a "round robin," 
 by which the Opposition Members engaged among them- 
 selves not to accept offices or pensions vacated by the dis- 
 missal of any of their party. Government, having found that 
 the Opposition could not be seduced, summarily dismissed 
 them and their friends from the offices which they held, and 
 succeeded in securing a majority in Parliament by creating 
 new appointments, augmenting the Pension List, and selling 
 Peerages. Referring to the Parliamentary influence thus 
 obtained, George Ponsonby stated, in one of the debates, that 
 there were 1 1 placemen in the House ; that of the gross 
 revenue of the country, one-eighth was divided among 
 Members of Parliament, and that they appeared determined 
 not to let any law pass that was not agreeable to the English 
 Minister or the English Merchant. 
 
 The national benefits anticipated from an unfettered Le- 
 gislature were thus neutralized by the patronage and influence 
 still centred in the British Ministers and their subalterns in 
 Ireland, who by the sale of Peerages, filled the House of 
 Lords with their nominees, and acquired funds to purchase 
 seats in the House of Commons for their dependents, defeat- 
 ing every effort aimed against the corruption by which their 
 Parliamentary predominance was maintained. The English 
 Cabinet thus sat in the Parliament of Ireland, and was the 
 Parliament, to the exclusion, not only of the Catholics, but of 
 the country. " Is there an honest man," asked the advocates
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 137 
 
 of Reform in 1791, "who will say that the House of Com- 
 mons [of Ireland] have the smallest respect for the people, 
 or believe themselves then- legitimate representatives ? The 
 fact is, that the great majority of that House consider them- 
 selves as the representatives of their own money, or the hired 
 servants of the English Government, whose Minister here is 
 appointed for the sole purpose of dealing out corruption to 
 them, at the expense of Irish Liberty, Irish Commerce, and 
 Irish Improvement. This being the case, it naturally fol- 
 lows that such Minister is not only the representative of the 
 English views against this country, but is also the sole repre- 
 sentative of the people of Ireland. To elucidate which asser- 
 tion it is only necessary to ask whether a single question in 
 favour of this oppressed Nation can be carried without his 
 consent ; and whether any measure, however inimical, may 
 not, through his influence, be effected. We," continued the 
 Reformers, " have no National Government we are ruled 
 by Englishmen, and the servants of Englishmen, whose 
 object is the interest of another country ; whose instrument 
 is corruption ; whose strength is the weakness of Ireland ; 
 and these men have the whole power and patronage of the 
 country, as means to seduce and subdue the honesty and the 
 spirit of her Representatives in the Legislature." 
 
 Arthur O'Connor averred that while he was a Member of 
 the House of Commons, the frequent conversation among the 
 members was How much has such an one given for his seat? 
 From whom did he purchase ? Has not such an one sold his 
 borough ? Has not such a Lord bought ? Has not such a 
 Peer so many Members in this House? Was not such a 
 Member with the Lord Lieutenant's Secretary to insist on 
 some greater place or pension ? Did not the Secretary refuse 
 it ? Has he not gone into the Opposition ? 
 
 " It is to be observed," says a recent writer, " that in the 
 Irish representation the people formed no part of the consti- 
 tution ; there was no such body as what the French called
 
 138 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Tiers etat, and what the British Constitution called the Com- 
 mons. The Irish had a King, a Chamber of Nobles, and an- 
 other Chamber, elected by the Nobles, and supported by the 
 Government and the Crown ; and the result of this combina- 
 tion amounted to the establishment of a Court Cabinet over 
 Ireland, and the transfer of legislation to England. Of 300 
 Members of Parliament, 200 were chosen by 100 individuals; 
 so that, of these, each individual had on an average two repre- 
 sentatives. This oligarchy was as little the representative of 
 property as of population ; 200 of these Members were returned 
 by persons whose property did not average above 4000 a year; 
 this, too, in a country whose grants were above 3,000,000, 
 and whose rental was calculated at 6,000, 000. They received 
 in stipend from the Crown an income bearing a great propor- 
 tion to their own property ; so that they were an oligarchy 
 taxing for their own provision, and representing nothing but 
 their dependency. In addition, the Minister had found out 
 the art of buying their boroughs, as well as pensioning their 
 persons. He even trafficked the seats of one House to pur- 
 chase those of another ; and by this double operation the 
 people, without perceiving it, bought the Parliament for the 
 Minister against themselves ! In fact, the Irish Minister was 
 nothing more than the agent of the Cabinet of England ; and 
 the result of the whole machinery appeared to be a complete 
 transfer to Great Britain of legislative power, founded on the 
 abuse of every principle, political or moral, on the subversion 
 of the Parliamentary constitution of the country, and on the 
 suppression of all native influence, popular or proprietary, and 
 of public liberty, as well as virtue. Such a state amounted to 
 a constitution which was not a representation either of pro- 
 perty or of population ; nor of property and population mixed ; 
 nor was it an aristocracy, nor an oligarchy, nor a despotism ; 
 but it was the despotic power of another country." 
 
 The corrupt state of the representation could not, 
 however, impede the progress of Ireland when even par-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 139 
 
 tially freed from commercial restrictions. Lord Chancellor 
 Clare, speaking of the interval of Irish independence, as- 
 serted that " there was not a nation on the habitable globe 
 which had advanced in cultivation and commerce, in agricul- 
 ture and manufactures, with the same rapidity in the same 
 period." 
 
 The determined obstinacy with which " old natural jobbers 
 of the country" and the Irish subalterns of the British Cabinet 
 resisted various measures proposed for Parliamentary reform, 
 and for the complete emancipation of the Catholics, led to the 
 formation of the United Irishmen. This Association soon found 
 that it would be as easy to effect a revolution as to wrest any 
 salutary measures of reform or religious equality from the 
 English and borough interest in the Parliament of Ireland ; 
 and they consequently looked for foreign aid to enable them 
 to carry out their views. 
 
 A Bill to relieve the Catholics from the portion of the 
 penal enactments by which they were oppressed was intro- 
 duced in the House of Commons on the 4th of February, 1792, 
 in advocating which, on its second reading on the 15th of the 
 same month, Curran observed : " A disunited people cannot 
 long subsist. With infinite regret must any man look forward 
 to the alienation of three millions of our people, and to a de- 
 gree of subserviency and corruption in a fourth, which I am 
 sorry to think it is so very easy to conceive ; because of such 
 an event the inevitable consequence would be an union with 
 Great Britain. And if any one desires to know what that 
 would be, I will tell him. It would be the emigration of every 
 man of consequence from Ireland ; it would be the participa- 
 tion of British taxes, without British trade ; it would be the 
 extinction of the Irish name as a people. We should become 
 a wretched colony, perhaps leased out to a company of Jews, 
 as was formerly in contemplation, and governed by a few tax- 
 gatherers and excisemen, unless, possibly, you may add fif- 
 teen or twenty couple of Irish Members, who might be found
 
 140 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 every session sleeping in their collars under the manger of the 
 British Minister." 
 
 The Act of 1792 opened to the Irish Catholics the Bar, 
 the professions, the Grand Juries, the Corporations, permit- 
 ting them also to intermarry with Protestants, and to establish 
 public schools. A petition from the Catholics of Dublin for 
 admission to the elective franchise was, on February 20, 1792, 
 summarily rejected by 208 against a minority of 25, including 
 Grattan, who, addressing the House of Commons on this oc- 
 casion, observed: 
 
 "The part of the subject which I shall now press upon 
 you is the final and eternal doom to which some gentlemen 
 propose to condemn the Catholic. Some have said they must 
 never get the elective franchise. What ! never be free ? 
 Three millions of your people condemned by their fellow- 
 subjects to an everlasting slavery in all changes of time, decay 
 of prejudice, increase of knowledge, the fall of Papal power, 
 and the establishment of philosophic and moral ascendancy in 
 its place. Never be free ! Do you mean to tell the Roman 
 Catholic, it is in vain you take the oaths and declarations of 
 allegiance ; it would be in vain even to renounce the spiritual 
 power of the Pope, and become like any other Dissenter ? It 
 will make no difference as to your emancipation. Go to France ; 
 go to America ; carry your property, industry, manufactures, 
 and family to a land of liberty. This is a sentence which re- 
 quires the power of a God and the malignity of a demon ; you 
 are not competent to pronounce it ; believe me, you may as 
 well plant your foot on the earth, and hope by that resistance 
 to stop the diurnal revolution which advances you to that 
 morning sun which is to shine alike on the Protestant and the 
 Catholic, as you can hope to arrest the progress of that other 
 light, reason, and justice, which approach to liberate the 
 Catholic and liberalize the Protestant. Even now, the ques- 
 tion is on its way, and making its destined and irresistible 
 progress, which you, with all your authority, will have no
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 141 
 
 to resist ; no more than any other great truth, or any 
 great ordinance of nature, or any law of motion which man. 
 kind is free to contemplate, but cannot resist. There is a 
 justice linked to their cause, and a truth that sets off their 
 application." 
 
 At about 5 P.M. on the 27th of February, 1792, while 
 the Commons were sitting in Committee respecting regula- 
 tions for encouraging brewing and preventing the excessive 
 use of spirituous liquors, a report was brought in that the roof 
 was on fire, and the House was consequently at once adjourned 
 by the Speaker. The whole of the western part of the roof 
 was in flames, and fell in before 7 o'clock ; every possible as- 
 sistance was afforded by the populace ; all the engines of the 
 city attended, and an infantry regiment, with a detachment of 
 cavalry, was despatched from the barracks to College-green. 
 At about 1 o'clock in the morning the fire was got under 
 so far as to remove apprehensions of its communicating with 
 other parts of the building ; the House of Commons was, 
 however, totally consumed, and in it was burned James 
 Barry's painting of the Baptism of the King of Cash el, noticed 
 in our account of the Royal Dublin Society. 
 
 The fire in the Parliament House, which was by some 
 ascribed to incendiarism, appears to have arisen from the follow- 
 ing circumstances : "A man of the name of'Nesbit, a smoke- 
 doctor, had been introduced to the Speaker, and recommended 
 to his notice as a prodigy, in producing the greatest heat with 
 the least possible portion of fuel. He was, therefore, employed 
 to warm the House of Commons : and was suffered to cut into 
 the walls, in order to lead flues into copper tubes, which he 
 proposed to place on the angles of the dome. These tubes, 
 from their nature, were very liable to be choked, and were 
 often observed to be on fire, and large flakes of burning soot 
 to fly out from them, to the great alarm of the neighbours, 
 who gave repeated information of the fact, but to which no 
 attention was given. The windows of the dome were also left
 
 142 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 very frequently carelessly open : the burning soot was driven 
 in by the wind, and, resting on the framing, the wood-work 
 took fire." 
 
 The Commons' House was rebuilt in a circular form, co- 
 vered with a roof in the shape of a waggon-head, surmounting 
 a high brick wall with chimneys. " This very curious devia- 
 tion from the original design was caused by the interference 
 of a Member of the House, to whose dictation Mr. Waldre, 
 the architect, felt himself constrained to submit. Had he re- 
 fused his assent, it might have been at the risk of his employ- 
 ment, being under the direction of the Board of Works. Had 
 the dome been re-erected, and raised to the proper elevation, 
 it would have been the pyramidic completion of the whole 
 building." The name which the edifice acquired from its 
 original dome was, however, not forgotten, and we find 
 William Todd Jones writing to Theobald Wolfe Tone, in 
 1793 : " I will certainly walk into some of your [Dublin] par- 
 lours about November, as I have a curiosity to hear what the 
 Geese are saying in the Pie about that time." 
 
 In January, 1793, W. Ponsonby and Mr. Conolly pro- 
 posed to submit to the House a measure for Reform, in which 
 they were seconded by Grattan, who stated that of the 300 
 representatives elected to serve in Parliament, the counties and 
 counties of cities and towns, together with the University, re- 
 turned 84 Members, and that the remaining 216 were returned 
 by boroughs and manors. 
 
 The price of an Irish Borough was at this period from 
 14,000 to 16,000, exclusive of election expenses. The Re- 
 formers maintained that such heavy expenditure, necessitating 
 men to renounce the service of their country, or to sacrifice the 
 interests of their families, should eventually exclude from Par- 
 liament all unstipendiary talent acting for the people, and 
 supply its place by mercenaries opposed to them. 
 
 On the other side it was argued that Ireland should be 
 satisfied with the state of her representation, which various
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 143 
 
 Members maintained to be much less under corrupt borough 
 influence than the Parliament of England. After several post- 
 ponements, the proposed measure of Reform was rejected, and 
 amongst its opponents in the House was Arthur Wellesley, 
 afterwards Duke of Wellington. 
 
 The success of the arms of the French Eepublic caused 
 the English Ministers, as a measure of policy, to bring forward 
 in February, 1793, and carry, in opposition to the feelings of 
 the Protestant Ascendancy in the Irish Parliament, a Bill for 
 thefurther emancipation of the Catholics, including their 
 admission to the elective franchise. 
 
 All prospects of fundamental reform or final emancipation 
 of the Catholics were dissipated by the rejection of a measure 
 brought forward by W. B. Ponsonby in May, 1797. The Op- 
 position, finding it in vain to contend further with the absolute 
 power secured by the corrupt influence wielded by the Govern- 
 ment advocates of coercion, decided on seceding from Parlia- 
 ment, and, in concluding his speech in this debate, Grattan 
 observed: "We have offered you our measure [Reform and 
 conciliation] you will reject it. We deprecate yours [coer- 
 cion] . You will persevere. Having no hopes left to persuade 
 or to dissuade, and having discharged our duty, we shall trou- 
 ble you no more, and after this day shall not attend the House 
 of Commons." 
 
 The people now regarded the Parliament, not as their 
 representatives, but as a body of self-constituted placemen 
 and pensioners corrupted by the English Minister, and with 
 no other object in view than the advancement of their own in- 
 dividual interests. The sentiments of the ultra-Republican 
 party in Ireland towards the House of Peers and Commons 
 were expressed in the following stanzas of a song of this period: 
 
 " These nicknames, Marquis, Lord, and Earl, 
 That set the crowd a-gazing, 
 We prize as hogs esteem a pearl, 
 Their patents set a-blazing ;
 
 144 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 No more they'll vote away our wealth 
 To please a King or Queen, sirs, 
 But gladly pack away by stealth, 
 Or taste the guillotine, sirs. 
 
 " Our Commons, too, who say, forsooth, 
 They represent the Nation, 
 Shall scamper East, West, North, and South, 
 Or feel our indignation ; 
 The Speaker's mace to current coin 
 We presently will alter, 
 For ribbons, lately thought so fine, 
 We'll fit each with a halter. 
 
 "Those lawyers, who with face of brass, 
 And wigs replete with learning, 
 Whose far-fetched quibbling quirks surpass 
 Republicans' discerning; 
 For them, to ancient forms be staunch, 
 'Twill suit such worthy fellows, 
 In justice spare one legal branch, 
 I mean reserve the gallows." 
 
 The abandonment of the expected beneficial political 
 measures, the establishment of a military, coercive Govern- 
 ment, free quarters, house-burnings, tortures, military exe- 
 cutions in the counties of Kildare, Carlow, and Wicklow, 
 soon produced the insurrection of a maddened people in 
 1798. 
 
 On the 18th of May, 1798, Robert, Earl of Kingston, 
 was put on his trial by his Peers in the Parliament House, 
 for having, in his bed-chamber, shot Colonel Fitzgerald. 
 Of this trial, which was held in the Commons' House, the 
 Peers' House not being sufficiently large, the following ac- 
 count has been left by Sir Jonah Barrington, who was present 
 at the ceremonial : 
 
 " Whoever had seen the interior of the Irish House of 
 Commons must have admired it as one of the most chaste 
 and classic models of architecture. A perfect rotunda, with
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 145 
 
 Ionic pilasters, enclosed a corridor which ran round the in- 
 terior. The cupola, of immense height, bestowed a mag- 
 nificence which could rarely be surpassed ; whilst a gallery, 
 supported by columns divided into compartments, and accom- 
 modating 700 spectators, commanded an uninterrupted view of 
 the chamber. This gallery, on every important debate, was 
 filled, not by reporters, but by the superior orders of society 
 the first rows being generally occupied by ladies of fashion 
 and rank, who diffused a brilliance over, and gallant decorum 
 in that assembly which the British House certainly does not 
 appear very sedulously to cultivate. This fine chamber was 
 now fitted up in such a way as to give it the most solemn 
 aspect. One compartment of seats in the House was covered 
 with scarlet cloth, and appropriated to the Peeresses and 
 their daughters, who ranged themselves according to the 
 table of precedence. The Commons, their families and 
 friends, lined the galleries: the whole house was superbly 
 carpeted, and the Speaker's chair newly adorned for the 
 Lord Chancellor. On the whole, it was by far the most im- 
 pressive and majestic spectacle ever exhibited within those 
 walls. At length the Peers entered, according to their rank, 
 in full dress, and richly robed. Each man took his seat in 
 profound silence : and even the ladies were likewise still. 
 The Chancellor, bearing a white wand, having taken his 
 chair, the most interesting moment of all was at hand, and its 
 approach really made me shudder. Sir Chichester Fortescue, 
 King-at-Arms, in his party-coloured robe, entered first, carry- 
 ing the armorial bearings of the accused nobleman embla- 
 zoned on his shield : he placed himself on the left of the Bar. 
 Next entered Lord Kingston himself, in deep mourning, 
 moving with a slow and melancholy step. His eyes were 
 fixed ou the ground ; and, walking up to the Bar, he was 
 placed next to the King-at-Arms, who then held his armorial 
 shield on a level with his shoulder. The supposed execu- 
 tioner then approached, bearing a large hatchet, with an ira- 
 
 VOL. III. L
 
 146 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 mense broad blade. It was painted black, except within 
 about two inches of the edge, which was of bright polished 
 steel. Placing himself at the Bar on the right of the prisoner, 
 he raised the hatchet about as high as his Lordship's neck, 
 but Avith the shining edge averted ; and thus he remained 
 during the whole of the trial. The forms, I understood, 
 prescribed that the shining edge should be averted until the 
 pronouncing of judgment, when, if it were unfavoui-able, the 
 blade was instantly to be turned by the executioner towards 
 the prisoner, indicating at once his sentence and his fate. 
 The usual legal ceremonies were now entered on: the 
 charge was read the prisoner pleaded not guilty and the 
 trial proceeded. A proclamation was made (first generally, 
 then name by name) for the witnesses for the prosecution 
 to come forward. It is not easy to describe the anxiety and 
 suspense excited as each name was called over. The eyes 
 of everybody were directed to the Bar where the witnesses 
 must enter, and every little movement of the persons who 
 thronged it was held to be intended to make room for some 
 accuser. None, however, appeared ; thrice they were called, 
 but in vain : and it was then announced that ' no witnesses 
 appearing to substantiate the charge of murder, against 
 Robert, Earl of Kingston, the trial should terminate in the 
 accustomed manner.' The Chancellor proceeded to put the 
 question ; and every Peer, according to his rank, arose, and 
 deliberately walking by the chair in which the Chancellor 
 was seated, placed his hand, as he passed, solemnly on his 
 heart, and repeated, ' Not Guilty, upon my honour !' (The 
 Bishops were, very properly, precluded from voting in these 
 criminal cases.) After all had passed, which, ceremony occu- 
 pied an hour, the Chancellor rose, and declared the opinion 
 of the Peers of Ireland,' That Robert, Earl of Kingston, 
 was not guilty of the charge against him.' His Lordship 
 then broke his wand, descended from his chair, and thus 
 ended the trial most interesting because it had at once a
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 147 
 
 strong political and constitutional bearing, and affected a 
 nobleman universally beloved." 
 
 The Parliament continued to sit and legislate during the 
 civil war of 1798, in August and September of which year, 
 Arthur O'Connor, Thomas Addis Emmet, and Dr. William 
 .Fames Mac Neven, the heads of the United Irish Society, 
 were examined before the Secret Committee of both Houses. 
 
 The question of a Union with Great Britain was first de- 
 batedin the Parliament of Ireland in consequence of a reference 
 to the measure in the King's Speech on the opening of the ses- 
 sion, on the 22nd of January, 1 799. At this juncture the people 
 were distracted by domestic dissensions and panic-stricken at 
 the results of the recent civil war ; the Habeas Corpus Act was 
 suspended; and courts martial were sitting in various parts ofthe 
 kingdom, which was covered by troops exceeding in number 
 7- 137,000 men. In the debate thirty Members spoke for, and 
 forty-five against, the Union : among the latter was William 
 Conyngham Plunket, who declared that during the past six 
 weeks a system of black corruption had been carried on within 
 the walls of the Castle, which would disgrace the annals of 
 the worst period of the history of either country. He saw 
 two right honourable gentlemen [Sir John Parnell, Chancellor 
 ofthe Exchequer, and the Prime Sergeant, James Fitzgerald] 
 sitting within those walls, who had long and faithfully served 
 the Crown, and who had been dismissed because they dared 
 to express a sentiment in favour of the freedom of their coun- 
 try. He saw another honourable gentleman who had been forced 
 to resign his place as Commissioner ofthe Revenue, because he 
 refused to co-operate in that dirty job of a dirty administration : 
 did they dare to deny this? "I say," he continued, "that at this 
 moment the threat of dismissal from office is suspended over 
 the heads of the Members who now sit around me, in order 
 to influence their votes on the question of this night, involv- 
 ing everything that can be sacred or dear to man : do you 
 desire to take down my words ? Utter the desire, and I will 
 L 2*
 
 148 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 prove the truth of them at your Bar. Sir, I would warn you 
 against the consequences of carrying this measure by such 
 means as this, but that I see the necessary defeat of it in the 
 honest and universal indignation which the adoption of such 
 means excites. In the most express manner, I," added 
 Plunket, " deny the competency of Parliament to do this act 
 [of Union] ; I warn you, do not lay your hands on the Consti- 
 tution. I tell you, that if, circumstanced as you are, you pass 
 this Act, it will be a mere nullity, and no man in Ireland will 
 be bound to obey it. You have not been elected for this 
 purpose. You are appointed to make laws, and not legislatures. 
 You are appointed to exercise the functions of legislators, and 
 not to transfer them. Yourselves you may extinguish, but 
 Parliament you cannot extinguish. It is enthroned in the 
 hearts of the people it is enshrined in the sanctuary of the 
 constitution it is as immortal as the island which protects it. 
 As Avell might the frantic suicide hope that the act which 
 destroys his miserable body should extinguish his eternal 
 soul." 
 
 The sitting of the House continued without interruption 
 from about 4 P.M. of Jan. 22nd to 1 P.M. on the following 
 day, when, including Tellers and the Speaker, 217 Members 
 divided, and the Minister obtained a majority of one.* The 
 second debate commenced at 4 P. M. of the 24th. " The 
 people," says Barrington, " collected in vast multitudes around 
 the House ; a strong sensation was everywhere perceptible ; 
 immense numbers of ladies of distinction crowded, at an early 
 hour, into the galleries, and by their presence and their gestures 
 animated that patriotic spirit, upon the prompt energy of which 
 alone depended the fate of Ireland. After the most stormy 
 debate remembered in the Irish Parliament, the question was 
 loudly called for by the Opposition, who were now tolerably se- 
 cure of a majority : never did so much solicitude appear hi any 
 
 See Appendix to vol. iv., with reference to Sir Jonah Barrington' s statement 
 relative to Mr. Frederick Trench's vote on this division.
 
 * 
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSK. 149 
 
 public assembly ; at length above sixty Members had spoken, 
 the subject was exhausted, and all parties seemed impatient. 
 The House divided, and the Opposition withdrew to the Court 
 ofRequests. It is not easy to conceive, still less to describe, the 
 anxiety of that moment : a considerable delay took place. Mr. 
 Ponsonby and Sir Laurence Parsons were at length named 
 Tellers for the amendment ; Mr. Smith and Lord Tyrone for 
 the address. 1 1 1 Members had declared against the Union, and 
 when the doors were opened, 105 was found to be the total 
 number of the Minister's adherents. Mr. Egan, Chairman of 
 Dublin County, a coarse, large, bluff, red-faced Irishman, was 
 the last [of the Opposition] who entered. His exultation 
 knew no bounds ; as No. 110 was announced, he stopped a mo- 
 ment at the Bar, flourished a great stick which he had in his 
 hand over his head, and, with the voice of a Stentor, cried out, 
 'And I'm a hundred-and-eleven !' He then sat quietly down, 
 and burst out into an immoderate and almost convulsive fit 
 of laughter ; it was all heart. Never was there a finer picture 
 of genuine patriotism. He was very far from being rich, and 
 had an offer to be made a Baron of the Exchequer, with 
 3500 a year, if he would support the Union ; but refused it 
 with indignation. 
 
 " The gratification of the Anti- Unionists was unbounded ; 
 and as they walked deliberately in, one by one, to be counted, 
 the eager spectators, ladies as well as gentlemen, leaning over 
 the galleries, ignorant of the result, were panting with expec- 
 tation. Lady Castlereagh, then one of the finest women of 
 the Court, appeared in the Serjeant's box, palpitating for her 
 husband's fate. The desponding appearance and fallen crests 
 of the Ministerial benches, and the exulting air of the Op- 
 position Members as they entered, were intelligible. The 
 murmurs of suppressed anxiety would have excited an inter- 
 est even in the most unconnected stranger, who had known 
 the objects and importance of the contest. How much more, 
 therefore, must every Irish breast which panted in the gal-
 
 150 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 leries have experienced that thrilling enthusiasm which ac- 
 companies the achievement of patriotic actions, when the 
 Ministers' defeat was announced from the chair ! A due 
 sense of respect and decorum restrained the galleries within 
 proper bounds ; but a loud cry of satisfaction from the female 
 audience could not be prevented ; and no sooner was the event 
 made known out of doors, than the crowds that had waited 
 during the entire night, with increasing impatience, for the 
 vote which was to decide upon the independence of their 
 country, sent forth loud and reiterated shouts of exultation, 
 which, resounding through the corridors and penetrating to 
 the body of the House, added to the triumph of the con- 
 querors, and to the misery of the adherents of the conquered 
 Minister." "Upon the rising of the House, the populace 
 became tumultuous, and a violent disposition against those 
 who had supported the Union was manifest, not only 
 amongst the common people, but amongst those of a much 
 higher class, who had been mingling with them. On the 
 Speaker's coming out of the House, the horses were taken 
 from his carriage, and he was drawn in triumph through the 
 streets by the people, who conceived the whimsical idea of 
 tackling the Lord Chancellor [Clare] to the coach, and (as a 
 captive general in a Roman triumph) forcing him to tug at 
 the chariot of his conqueror. The populace closely pursued 
 his Lordship for that extraordinary purpose ; he escaped with 
 difficulty, and fled, with a pistol in his hand, to a receding 
 doorway in Clarendon-street. But the people, who pursued 
 him in sport, set up a loud laugh at him, as he stood terrified 
 against the door ; they offered him no personal violence, and 
 returned in high glee to their more innocent amusement of 
 drawing the Speaker." 
 
 The names of those who opposed the measure on this oc- 
 casion were printed in red, and circulated through the country, 
 with the following title : 
 
 " The List of our glorious and virtuous defenders, that
 
 THK PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 151 
 
 every man may engrave their names and their services on 
 his heart, and hand them down to his children's children." 
 
 Twenty-seven counties petitioned against the Union. 
 The petition of the county of Down was signed by upwards 
 of 17,000 respectable, independent men; and all the others 
 in a similar proportion. Dublin petitioned under the great 
 seal of the city, and each of the corporations in it followed 
 the example. Drogheda petitioned against the Union, and 
 almost every town in the kingdom in like manner testified 
 its disapprobation. Those in favour of the measure, possessing 
 great influence in the country, obtained a few counter-peti- 
 tions ; yet, though the petition from the county of Down was 
 signed by 17,000, the counter-petition was signed only by 
 415. 707,000 persons signed petitions against the measure; 
 the total number of those who declared themselves in favour 
 of it did not exceed 3000, and many of these only prayed 
 that it might be discussed. " In fact," observed Mr. Grey, 
 in the English Parliament, " the Nation is nearly unanimous, 
 and this great majority is composed, not of fanatics, bigots, 
 or Jacobins, but of the most respectable of every class of the 
 community." "A loud and universal outcry," said Peter 
 Burrowes, " issues from every quarter of Ireland against this 
 detested measure; the city of Dublin, the University, the 
 counties the. property the populacy, and talents of the 
 Nation all ranks and all religions are united in one grand 
 and irresistible confederacy against it. The public sentiment 
 can no longer be falsified it forces itself upon the senses of 
 every man who can see or hear. No man can stir out of 
 the pale of the Castle no man can travel through any 
 quarter of Ireland, without reading it, in the anxious conflict 
 of passions and feelings, depicted in every countenance he 
 meets. These are solemn moral manifestations of the active 
 sentiment of a Nation ; these are awful warnings, which the 
 benignity of Providence interposes between the rash projects 
 of Ministers and the irretrievable mischief. May God avert 
 the storm, and save the Nation."
 
 152 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Among the opponents of the Union were many who 
 at great personal sacrifices maintained their incorruptibility. 
 James Fitz Gerald, the Prime Sergeant, and Sir John 
 Parnell, Chancellor of the Exchequer, were among those 
 first dismissed from office for opposing the measure. Francis 
 Hardy, oppressed by actual want, and in direct opposition 
 to the advice of his friends, refused the most tempting pro- 
 posals from the Minister. Charles Kendal Bushe, in neces- 
 sitous circumstances, burthened with a numerous family, 
 and labouring to pay off heavy debts, declined all overtures 
 from the Government. After the termination of an inter- 
 view with the representative of the Minister, " I," said Bushe, 
 " threw myself in my chair, and for a moment almost doubted 
 whether it was right in me to keep in such a state so many 
 human beings, when I thought on the splendid offers I had 
 refused, offers that astonished, almost bewildered me." 
 
 Frederick Falkiner, Member for Dublin County, was one 
 of the most remarkable instances of inflexible public inte- 
 grity in Ireland. " He would have been a valuable acquisition 
 to the Government, but nothing could corrupt him. Week 
 after week he was ineffectually tempted, through his friends, 
 by a Peerage, or aught he might desire ; he replied, * I am 
 poor, 'tis true ; but no human power, no reward, no torture, 
 no elevation, shall ever tempt me to betray my country 
 never mention to me again so infamous a proposal.' " 
 
 The Minister experienced considerable difficulties in com- 
 ing to terms with the needy English and Scotch officials, 
 who, without character or property had been placed in the 
 House to vote for the Union. 
 
 " Such persons were determined to strike a hard bargain, 
 and one of them (Mr. M 'Donald) being urged by the Minis- 
 ter to support the measure, very coolly laid his hat across the 
 Bar of the House, and declared that he would not vote for 
 the Union, or take away his hat, till five thousand guineas 
 were secured to him. His terms were complied with, and 
 an undertaking to that effect was given."
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 153 
 
 After every device had been exhausted by the Minister 
 in packing the House of Commons with officials and other 
 Members corrupted by large sums remitted from London for 
 the special purpose of bribery, the Parliament was opened 
 on the 15th of January, 1800, when Sir Laurence Parsons, 
 afterwards Earl of Kosse, moved an amendment to the Address 
 to the Throne, expressive of the determination to support the 
 free Constitution of Ireland, as established in 1782. This 
 amendment was supported by James Fitzgerald, Parnell, 
 Bushe, Hardy, A. Moore, Barrington, and Egan. They con- 
 tended that the settlement of 1782 was final; that the Parlia- 
 ment, instead of tending to a separation, cemented the connexion 
 between the two countries; that in 1782, when more than 
 80,000 Volunteers were in arms, and when England's sun 
 seemed to have set, Ireland did not think of separation ; that 
 through Parliament the country had obtained the Octennial 
 Bill, the Mutiny Bill, the repeal of Poynings' Law, the inde- 
 pendence of the Judges, the restoration of the Appellant Ju- 
 risdiction, a Free Trade, and a Free Constitution. They 
 charged the Government with resorting to infamous artifices 
 in procuring forged signatures to petitions, and in packing the 
 Parliament with their dependents, to enable them to carry the 
 measure while the people were under martial law, the Habeas 
 Corpus Act suspended, and the country covered with an army 
 greater than ever known before. They also insisted on the 
 incompetency of the Legislature to abolish itself, and dwelt 
 on the necessity of meeting a packed Parliament before the 
 packing was completed. 
 
 "I," said Bushe, " strip this formidable measure of all its 
 pretences and its aggravations;' I look at it nakedly and ab- 
 stractedly, and I see nothing in it but one question Will 
 you give up your country? For centuries has the British 
 nation and Parliament kept you down, shackled your com- 
 merce, paralyzed your exertions, despised your character, and 
 ridiculed your pretensions to any privileges, commercial or con-
 
 154 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 stitutional. She never conceded a point to you which she could 
 avoid, or granted a favour which was not reluctantly distilled. 
 They have been all wrung from her, like drops of her heart's 
 blood, and you are not in possession of a single blessing, except 
 those which you derive from God, that has not been either pur- 
 chased or extorted by the virtue of your own Parliament from the 
 illiberali ty of England. Is nothing understood of an House of 
 Commons but that it is an engine for raising money out of the 
 pocket of the subject, and throwing it into the coffers of the 
 Crown ? Take up any volume of your statutes upon that table ; 
 you will find the municipal Acts of Parliament in the propor- 
 tion of more than forty to one to the Imperial. What has, 
 within the memory of many men alive, changed the face of 
 your land? What has covered a country of pasture with 
 tillage? What has intersected an impassable country with 
 roads ? What has nearly connected by inland navigation the 
 eastern channel with the western ocean ? A resident Parlia- 
 ment. This is not theory look at your Statutes and your 
 Journals, and there is not one of those improvements which 
 you cannot trace to some document of your own public spirit, 
 now upon that table, and to no other source or cause under 
 heaven. Can this be supplied in Westminster could a Com- 
 mittee of this House make a road in Yorkshire ? No," con- 
 cluded Bushe, " nothing can supply a resident Parliament 
 watching over national improvement, seizing opportunities, en- 
 couraging manufacture, commerce, science, education, and 
 agriculture ; applying instant remedy to instant mischief, mix- 
 ing with the constituent body, catching the sentiment of the 
 public mind, reflecting public opinion, acting upon its impulse, 
 and regulating its excess." 
 
 The Government party laboured to prove that the recent 
 disturbances showed that a separation from England was pos- 
 sible, to avert which, they advocated the Union, contending 
 that in point of trade and revenue Ireland should be a gainer; 
 that English capitalists would settle in the country, and that
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 155 
 
 the taxes of the nation would be diminished. Grattan, who 
 had withdrawn from Ireland before the commencement of the 
 civil war, was entreated by his friends to re-enter Parliament 
 to aid them in opposing the Union. Enfeebled in constitution, 
 and mentally depressed at the results of the conduct of the Mi- 
 nisters, he resisted these applications ; but at length yielded to 
 the representations of his wife. " I urged him," said Mrs. 
 Grattan, " most earnestly to take the seat ; that he should not 
 refuse ; that it was his duty to go into Parliament ; that he 
 had got a great deal from the people ; that they had given 
 him a large sum of money in '82, for standing by them in time 
 of need ; and that it was his duty to do so now ; and that 
 he ought to spend his money, and shed his blood, in their 
 defence." 
 
 Mr. Henry Tighe having arranged that Grattan should be 
 returned for the borough of Wicldow, he was brought from 
 Tinnehinch to Baggot-street, Dublin, to remain undisturbed 
 till the Parliament assembled on the 15th of January. 
 
 " The Sheriff being friendly, he allowed the election to be 
 held after twelve o'clock on the night of the15th. Mr. Tighe 
 got the officer to sign the return, and set off immediately, on 
 horseback, with it. He arrived in Dublin about 5 in the 
 morning, when we heard a loud knocking at the door. Mr. 
 Grattan had been very ill, and was then in bed, and, turning 
 round, he exclaimed : ' Oh, here they come ; why will they 
 not let me die in peace ?' The question of Union had become 
 dreadful to him ; he could not bear the idea, or listen to the 
 subject, or speak on it with any degree of patience ; he grew 
 quite wild, and it almost drove him frantic. I told him," con- 
 tinues Mrs. Grattan, " that he must get up immediately, and 
 go down to the House : so we got him out of bed, and dressed 
 him ; I helped him down-stairs ; then he went into the parlour, 
 and loaded his pistols, and I saw him put them in his pocket, 
 for he apprehended he might be attacked by the Union party, 
 and assassinated. We wrapped a blanket round him, and put
 
 156 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 him in a sedan-chair, and when he left the door, I stood there, 
 uncertain whether I should ever see him again. Afterwards, 
 Mr. M'Can came to me, and said that I need not be alarmed, 
 as Mr. Grattan's friends had determined to come forward in 
 case he was attacked, and, if necessary, take his place in the 
 event of any personal quarrel. When I heard that, I thanked 
 him for his kindness, but told him, my husband cannot die 
 better than in defence of his country." 
 
 The debate in the House of Commons lasted through the 
 entire night. John Egan had commenced to speak in opposition 
 to the Union at between 7 and 8 in the morning, when W. 
 B. Ponsonby, with Arthur Moore, withdrew, and immediately 
 returned, supporting Grattan, who was so debilitated as to be 
 scarcely able to walk. 
 
 " The House and the galleries were seized with breath- 
 less emotion ; and a thrilling sensation, a low murmur, per- 
 vaded the whole assembly, when they beheld a thin, weak, 
 and emaciated figure, worn down by sickness of mind and 
 body, scarcely able to sustain himself; the man who had 
 been the founder of Ireland's independence in 1782 was now 
 coming forward, feeble, helpless, and apparently almost in 
 his last moments, to defend or to fall with his country. His 
 friends crowded round him, anxious to assist him, Bowes 
 Daly, in particular ; seeing that Mr. Grattan had on his hat, 
 he told him it was contrary to the rules of the house. Mr. 
 Grattan calmly replied, < Do not mind me, I know what to 
 do.' He was dressed in the Volunteer uniform, blue, with 
 cuffs and collar. He had placed his cocked hat square to 
 the front, and kept it on till he advanced half way up the 
 floor ; he then stopped and looked round the House with a 
 steady and fearless eye, as if he wished to let them know 
 that, though exhausted, he was yet prepared to give battle, 
 and to bid them defiance ; as an old soldier, he was resolved 
 to show front, and let his opponents see that he was not to 
 be trifled with. He knew that he would be pressed, and
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 157 
 
 very soon attacked ; and he thought it best to come forward 
 at the outset. When he approached near the table, he then 
 took off his hat; and the oaths having been administered (for 
 by the rules of the Irish Parliament they could be taken at 
 any time), he took his seat on the second bench, beside 
 Mr. Plunket." 
 
 Egan having resumed and concluded his speech, Grattan, 
 " almost breathless, as if by instinct, attempted to rise, but 
 was unable to stand he paused, and with difficulty requested 
 permission of the House to deliver his sentiments without 
 moving from his seat. This was acceded to by acclamation, 
 and he who had left his bed of sickness to record, as he 
 thought, his last words in the Parliament of his country, 
 kindled gradually till his language glowed with an energy 
 and feeling which he had seldom surpassed." He maintained 
 that the adjustment with England in 1782 was agreed to as 
 establishing finally the free and independent existence of the 
 Irish Parliament, and to preserve for ever the unity of the 
 Empire ; that Members sitting in England, withdrawn from 
 the opinion and sympathy of their constituents, would pro- 
 bably sacrifice the interest of the people ; that the proposed 
 Parliamentary constitution was open to numerous serious ob- 
 jections ; that the Union would entail an increased absentee 
 draught; and that the promises of reduced taxation and an 
 influx of English capitalists were delusive. 
 
 " Imagination," said Grattan, " is the region in which the 
 Minister delights to disport ; where he is to take away your 
 Parliament, where he is to take away your final judicature, 
 where he is to take away your money, where he is to increase 
 your taxes, where he is to get an Irish tribute there he is a 
 plain, direct, matter-of-fact man ; but where he is to pay you 
 for all this, there he is poetic and prophetic ; no longer 
 a financier, but an inspired accountant. Fancy gives him 
 her wand, Amalthaea takes him by the hand ; Ceres is in 
 her train. I do not mean to approve of all the Parliaments
 
 158 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 that have sat in Ireland : I left the former Parliament because 
 I condemned its proceedings ; but I argue not, like the Mi- 
 nister, from the misconduct of one Parliament against the 
 being of Parliament itself. I value that Parliamentary con- 
 stitution by the average of its benefits; and I affirm that the 
 blessings procured by the Irish Parliament in the last twenty 
 years are greater than all the blessings afforded by British 
 Parliaments to Ireland for the last century ; greater even 
 than the mischiefs inflicted on Ireland by British Parlia- 
 ments ; greater than all the blessings procured by those Parlia- 
 ments for their own country within that period ; within that 
 time the legislators' of England lost an Empire, and the Legis- 
 lature of Ireland recovered a constitution." 
 
 After nearly two hours of powerful eloquence, Grattan 
 concluded as follows, with an undiminished vigour, apparently 
 miraculous to those who were unacquainted with his capa- 
 city : 
 
 " The thing the Minister proposes to buy is what cannot 
 be sold Liberty ! For it, he has nothing to give. Every- 
 thing of value which you possess, you obtained under a free 
 constitution. Part with it, and you must be not only a slave, 
 but an idiot. His propositions not only go to your dishonour, 
 but they are built upon nothing else. He tells you it is his 
 main argument that you are unfit to exercise a free consti- 
 tution ; and he affects to prove it by the experiment. Your 
 exports since your emancipation, and under that Parliamentary 
 constitution, and in a great measure by that Parliamentary 
 constitution, have nearly doubled ; commercially it has worked 
 well. Your concord with England since the Emancipation, 
 as far as it relates to Parliament on the subject of war, has 
 not only approved, but has been productive ; imperially, there- 
 fore, it has worked well. What, then, does the Minister, 
 in fact, object to ? That you have supported him that you 
 have concurred in his system ; therefore he proposes to the 
 people to abolish the Parliament, and to continue the Minis-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 159 
 
 ter. He does more: he proposes to you to substitute the 
 British Parliament in your place ; to destroy the body that 
 restored your liberties, and restore that body which destroyed 
 them. Against such a proposition, were I expiring on the 
 floor, I should beg to utter my last breath, and record my 
 dying testimony." 
 
 At the conclusion of Grattan's speech the question was 
 loudly called for, " when Lord Castlereagh was perceived 
 earnestly to whisper Mr. Corry they for an instant looked 
 round the House whispered again Mr. Corry nodded as- 
 sent, and, amidst the cries of Question, he began a speech, 
 which as far as it regarded Mr. Grattan, few persons in the 
 House could have prevailed on themselves to utter." 
 
 After a debate of eighteen hours, the House divided at 
 10 in the morning on the amendment proposed by the Anti- 
 Unionists to the Address " To maintain the independence 
 of the Irish Parliament as settled in 1782." The result of 
 the division was: For the Amendment, 96; against, 138. 
 Majority for Government, 42. 
 
 " Lord Castlereagh's first object was," we are told, " to in- 
 troduce into the House, by means of the Place Bill, a suffi- 
 cient number of dependents to balance all opposition. He 
 then boldly announced his intention to turn the scale by bribes 
 to all who would accept them, under the name of compensation 
 for the loss of patronage and interest. He publicly declared, 
 Jirst, that every nobleman who returned Members to Parlia- 
 ment should be paid in cash 15,000 for every Member so 
 returned ; secondly, that every Member who had purchased a 
 seat in Parliament should have his purchase-money repaid to 
 him by the Treasury of Ireland ; thirdly, that all Members of 
 Parliament, or others, who were losers by a Union, should be 
 fully recompensed for their losses, and that 1,500,000 should 
 be devoted to this service : in other terms, all who supported 
 his measure were, under some pretence or other, to share in 
 this bank of corruption. A declaration so flagitious and trea-
 
 160 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 sonable was never publicly made in any country ; but it had a 
 powerful effect in his favour ; and before the meeting of Par- 
 liament he had secured a small majority of eight above a 
 moiety of the Members, and he courageously persisted." 
 
 Among the payments made on this account were the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 Lord Shannon received for his patronage in 
 
 the Commons, 45,000 
 
 The Marquis of Ely, 45,000 
 
 Lord Clanmorris, besides a Peerage, . . . 23,000 
 Lord Belvedere, besides his douceur, . . . 15,000 
 Sir Hercules Langrishe, 15,000 
 
 For his opposition to the Union at this juncture, Lord 
 Downshire was dismissed from the Colonelcy of the Down 
 Militia and the governorship of the county ; his name was 
 also struck off the Privy Council. 
 
 To counteract the Government bribery, subscriptions for 
 the purchase of seats to resist the Union were entered into by 
 the chief members of the Opposition, who were said to have con- 
 tributed for this purpose upwards of 100,000. The irri- 
 tation and ferment of the people against the measure had in- 
 creased to such an extent that the Members corrupted by 
 ministerial bribery became apprehensive of their own safety, 
 and importuned Lord Cornwallis to press the English Cabinet 
 to send over reinforcements of troops for their protection. 
 Writing on the 4th of February, 1800, the Lord Lieutenant 
 observed : " The indefatigable exertions, aided by the sub- 
 scriptions of the anti-Unionists, have raised a powerful cla- 
 mour against the measure in many parts of the kingdom, and 
 have put the capital quite in an uproar ; and, I am sorry to 
 say, some of our unwilling supporters in Parliament have 
 taken advantage of these appearances to decline giving any 
 further support. God only knows how the business will ter- 
 minate ; but it is so hard to struggle against private interests, 
 and the pride and prejudices of a nation, that I shall never feel 
 confident of success until the Union is actually carried."
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSK. 161 
 
 Another debate took place on February 5, when the Mem- 
 bers present amounted to the unusually large number of 278. 
 
 "The question," said Grattan, " is not now such as occupied 
 you of old, not old Poynings, not peculation, not plunder, not 
 an Embargo, not a Catholic Bill, not a Reform Bill, it is your 
 being, it is more it is your life to come; whether you will 
 go, with the Castle at your head, to the tomb of Charlemont 
 and the Volunteers, and erase his epitaph ; or whether your 
 children shall go to your graves, saying, A venal military 
 Court attacked the liberties of the Irish, and here lie the bones 
 of the honourable dead men who saved their country' such 
 an epitaph is a nobility the King cannot give his slaves ; it is 
 a glory which the Crown cannot give the King." 
 
 The debate, which was carried on with much energy, 
 lasted all through the night, and the division took place at 
 1 p. M. the following morning. " It appeared that the Anti- 
 Unionists had gained ground since the former session, and 
 that there existed 115 Members of the Irish Parliament whom 
 neither promotion, nor office, nor fear, nor reward, nor ambi- 
 tion, could procure to vote against the independence of their 
 country though nations fall, that Opposition will remain 
 immortal. Lord Castlereagh's motion was artful in the ex- 
 treme he did not move expressly for any adoption of the 
 propositions, but that they should be printed and circulated, 
 with a view to their ultimate adoption. This was opposed as 
 a virtual acceptation of the subject; on this point the issue was 
 joined ; and the Irish Nation was, on that night, laid prostrate. 
 The division was 
 
 Number of Members, 300 
 
 For Lord Castlereagh's Motion, 158 
 
 Against it, 115 
 
 Of Members present, majority, 
 
 Absent, 27 
 
 VOL. III. M
 
 162 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 " By this division it appears that the Government had a 
 majority in the House of only eight by their utmost efforts. 
 Twenty-seven were absent, of whom every man refused to 
 vote for a Union, but did not vote at all, being kept away 
 by different causes ; and, of consequence, eight above a moiety 
 earned the Union." Some of the obnoxious Members, on their 
 return home from this debate, were assaulted by an excited 
 mob, who endeavoured to throw their carriages into the river ; 
 and this disturbance afforded a pretext for having the streets 
 patrolled by detachments of cavalry to check the expression 
 of popular feeling. 
 
 On the 10th of February, a debate preliminary to discus- 
 sing the Articles of Union took place in the House of Peers, 
 which was filled by an unusually numerous audience. Lord 
 Chancellor Clare on this occasion exerted himself to the ut- 
 most, speaking for four hours in favour of the Union, in his 
 advocacy of which he was supported by eight Peers, cor- 
 rupted by Government influence, opposed by the Marquis of 
 Downshire, Lords Charlemont, Dillon, Farnham, Powers- 
 court, and Sunderlin. At half-past 3 in the morning the 
 principle in favour of a Union was carried in the Peers by 
 a majority of 49, the numbers being 
 
 In the House, 53 for ; Proxies 22, 75 
 
 In the House, 19 against; Proxies 7, .... 26 
 
 Majority, 49 
 
 By a despatch dated February 1 2, the Duke of Portland 
 assured Lord Cornwallis of the fullest Government support 
 in carrying through the measure of Union, authorizing him 
 to declare that no disappointment would ever induce the King 
 or his servants to recede from or to suspend their endeavours ; 
 but that it was their fixed and unalterable determination to 
 direct, session after session, the proposition of Union to be 
 renewed to Parliament until it should be adopted.
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 163 
 
 On the 14th of 'February, the Commons went into Com- 
 mittee upon the Union, the debate being opened by the Mi- 
 nister's subaltern, Isaac Corry, appointed Chancellor of the 
 Exchequer in the place of Sir John Parnell, who had been 
 dismissed from office for opposing the measure. Corry, on this 
 occasion, renewed his personal attack on Grattan, who over- 
 whelmed him with an invective, the character of which is 
 exhibited by the following passages : 
 
 "Has the gentleman done? Has he completely done ? 
 He was unparliamentary from the beginning to the end of his 
 speech. There was scarce a word he uttered that was not a 
 violation of the privileges of the House ; but I did not call him 
 to order why? because the limited talents of some men render 
 it impossible for them to be severe without being unparliament- 
 ary ; but before I sit down, I shall show him how to be severe 
 and parliamentary at the same time. On any other occasion 
 I should think myself justifiable in treating with silent con- 
 tempt anything which might fall from that honourable Member; 
 but there are times when the insignificance of the accuser is 
 lost in the magnitude of the accusation. I know the difficulty 
 the honourable gentleman laboured under when he attacked 
 me, conscious that, on a comparative view of our characters, 
 public and private, there is nothing he could say which would 
 injure me. The public would not believe the charge. I despise 
 the falsehood. If such a charge were made by an honest man, 
 I would answer it in the manner I shall do before I sit down 
 but I shall first reply to it, when not made by an honest man. 
 The right honourable gentleman has called me 'an unimpeached 
 traitor.' I ask, why not traitor' unqualified by any epithet ? 
 I will tell him it was because he dare not. It was the act of 
 a coward, who raises his arm to strike, but has not courage 
 to give the blow. I will not call him villain, because it would 
 be unparliamentary, and he is a Privy Councillor. I will not 
 call \\imfool, because he happens to be Chancellor of the Ex- 
 chequer ; but I say that he is one who has abused the privilege 
 
 M2
 
 164 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 of Parliament and freedom of debate, to the uttering language 
 which, if spoken out of the House, I should answer only with 
 a blow. I care not how high his situation, how low his cha- 
 racter, how contemptible his speech; whether a Privy Coun- 
 cillor or a parasite, my answer would be a blow. He has 
 charged me with being connected with the Rebels. The 
 charge is utterly, totally, and meanly false. The right ho- 
 nourable Member has told me I deserted a profession where 
 wealth and station were the reward of industry and talent. If 
 I mistake not, that gentleman endeavoured to obtain these 
 rewards by the same means, but he soon deserted the occu- 
 pations of a barrister for those of a parasite and pander. He 
 fled from the labour of study to flatter at the table of the 
 great. He found the Lords' parlour a better sphere for his 
 exertions than the hall of the Four Courts; the house of a great 
 man a more convenient way to power and to place, and that 
 it was easier for a statesman of middling talents to sell his 
 friends than for a lawyer of no talents to sell his clients. 
 
 " The right honourable gentleman says I fled from the 
 country after exciting rebellion ; and that I have returned to 
 raise another. No such thing. The charge is false. The civil 
 war had not commenced when I left the kingdom, and I could 
 not have returned without taking a part. On the one side 
 there was the camp of the Rebel ; on the other the camp of 
 the Minister, a greater traitor than that Rebel. The strong- 
 hold of the Constitution was nowhere to be found. Two des- 
 perate parties were in arms against the Constitution. I could 
 not join the Rebel I could not join the Government I could 
 not join torture I could not join half-hanging I could not 
 join free quarter I could take part with neither. I was 
 therefore absent from a scene where I could not be active 
 without self-reproach, nor indifferent with safety. I have 
 returned, not as the right honourable Member has said, to 
 raise another storm I have returned to discharge an ho- 
 nourable debt of gratitude to my country, that conferred a
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 165 
 
 great reward for past services, which, I am proud to say, was 
 not greater than niy desert. I have returned to protect that 
 constitution, of which I was the parent and the founder, from 
 the assassination of such men as the right honourable gentle- 
 man and his unworthy associates. They are corrupt they 
 are seditious and they at this very moment are in a con- 
 spiracy against their country. I have returned to refute a 
 libel as false as it is malicious, given to the public under the 
 appellation of a Report of the Committee of the Lords. Here 
 I stand ready for impeachment or trial. I dare accusation. I 
 defy the honourable gentleman. I defy the Government: I 
 defy their whole phalanx; let them come forth. I tell the 
 Ministers I will neither give them quarter nor take it. I am 
 here to lay the shattered remains of my constitution on the 
 floor of this House in defence of the liberties of my country." 
 
 Of the result of this invective Grattan has left the follow- 
 ing account : 
 
 " When I had finished, I left the House. Bowes Daly 
 said to me, ' Go out of the House immediately, or something 
 may occur to prevent you.' I remained in the Speaker's 
 chamber and about the House till daylight. James Blackwood 
 [Lord DufFerin] offered to be my second; but 1 told [Lord] 
 Hutchinson to procure a second, and he got my friend Metge 
 a very good one, who brought my pistols to me, as I feared 
 to go home lest I should be arrested. General Craddock came 
 with a challenge, but hoped for an accommodation. I replied 
 impossible. We went to Ball's Bridge : on the ground the 
 people cheered me. I had my pistol in one hand, and my 
 hat in the other. The sheriffs approached. We ran from 
 thence, and, when ordered, we both fired. I hit Corry ; he 
 missed me : we were then ordered to fire a second time, but 
 at the signal we reserved our shots : the seconds then made us 
 give our honour to fire ; we did so. I do not know whether 
 Corry fired at me the second time. I fired above him. I did 
 not take aim at him the first shot. I could have killed him if
 
 166 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 I chose, but I fired along the line. I had no enmity to him. I 
 had gotten a victory, and knew it could not be more complete 
 if he was killed, and that it would if I did not fire at him. It 
 was, however, dangerous not to do so, for he might have killed 
 me, but I thought it much better to run the risk, and fire in 
 the air. I then went up to him ; he was bleeding. He gave 
 me his bloody hand : we had formerly been friends, but Corry 
 was set on to do what he did : a plan had been formed to make 
 personal attacks on the Opposition, and their men had been 
 singled out." 
 
 Undaunted by repeated defeats, the Opposition, consisting 
 of 120 Members, many of whom were of the first weight and 
 talents in the country, continued united and steady to their 
 principles, adopting every mode to retard the progress of the 
 Union. Lords Cornwallis and Castlereagh found the great- 
 est difficulty in calling forth exertions, or procuring a tolera- 
 ble attendance from their Members, notwithstanding repeated 
 large remittances of cash transmitted from London for the spe- 
 cial purpose of bribing them. The Speaker counted the House 
 every day exactly at 4, before which all the Opposition with- 
 drew, and would not suffer any man to stir to call in Members 
 from the lobby or porch. "Our friends," wrote Castlereagh, 
 "have submitted to the severest attendance ever known in the 
 history of Parliament with unexampled patience. We have 
 given ourselves no rest or relaxation whatever. Our sit- 
 tings have never broken up earlier than 12 at night, and 
 have frequently lasted till 12 in the day. Many of our 
 friends are really confined on account of illness contracted by 
 attendance." 
 
 Among the opponents of the Union was Richard Lovell 
 Edgeworth, who sat as Member for the Borough of St. John's- 
 town. Writing on March 31, 1800, to Dr. Darwin, he ob- 
 served : " It is intended to force this measure down the 
 throats of the Irish, though five-sixths of the nation are against 
 it. The Minister avows that seventy-two boroughs are to be
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 167 
 
 compensated, i. e. to be bought by the people of Ireland with 
 one million and a half of their own money, and he makes this 
 legal by a small majority, made up chiefly of these very bo- 
 rough Members. When thirty-eight county Members out of 
 sixty-four are against the Measure, and twenty-eight counties 
 out of thirty-two have petitioned against it, this is such abo- 
 minable corruption that it makes our Parliamentary sanction 
 worse than ridiculous. I had a charming opportunity," adds 
 Edgeworth, "of advancing myself and my family, but I did 
 not think it wise to quarrel with myself, and lose my own good 
 opinion at my time of life. What did lie in my way for my 
 vote, I will not say ; but I stated in my place in the House 
 that I had been offered three thousand guineas for my seat 
 during the few remaining weeks of the session." 
 
 Maria Edgeworth tells us that her father's speeches in Par- 
 liament against the Union made a considerable sensation in the 
 House ; and avers that she knew that temptations were held 
 out to him in every possible form in which they could flatter 
 personal ambition or family interest ; he had offers of all that 
 could serve or oblige his dearest friends, and choice of situa- 
 tions, in which he might, as it was said, gratify his peculiar 
 tastes, serve his country, and accomplish his favourite object 
 of improving the condition of the people. Edgeworth, how- 
 ever, conscientiously opposed the Union, and subsequently 
 referred his children to the reports of his speeches in Parlia- 
 ment against the measure, which, although incorrectly printed, 
 " are," said he, " sufficient to enable them to decide upon the 
 consistency of my conduct, which has, I hope, never deviated 
 from what appeared to me to be right and honourable." 
 
 Parliamentary corruption was carried to such an extent that 
 in a very short period not less than sixy-three Members va- 
 cated their seats by accepting the Escheatorship of Munster, 
 a nominal office similar to the Stewardship of the Chiltern 
 Hundreds, and their places were immediately filled by depen- 
 dents of the Minister; while the Government, by the Insur-
 
 168 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 rcction and Rebellion Bills, deposed the civil tribunals, and 
 placed the entire country under military law. 
 
 Lord Grey, in the English Parliament, stated that " if the 
 Parliament of Ireland was left to itself, untempted, unawed, 
 unintimidated, it would, without hesitation, have rejected 
 the resolutions. There are," he continued, " three hundred 
 Members in all, and one hundred and twenty of those stre- 
 nuously oppose the measure, amongst whom were two-thirds 
 of the county Members, the representatives of the city of 
 Dublin, and almost all the towns which it is proposed should 
 send Members to the Imperial Parliament : one hundred and 
 sixty-two voted in favour of the Union ; of these, one hun- 
 dred and sixteen were placemen ; some were English gene- 
 rals on the staff, without a foot of ground in Ireland, and 
 completely dependent upon Government. Let us," added 
 his Lordship, "reflect upon the arts which have been used 
 since the last sessions of the Irish Parliament to pack a ma- 
 jority in the House of Commons. All persons holding offices 
 under Government, even the most intimate friends of the Mi- 
 nister, if they hesitated to vote as directed, were stripped of 
 all their employments. Even this step," said Lord Grey, 
 " was found ineffectual, and other arts Avere had recourse to, 
 which, though I cannot name them in this place, all will easily 
 .conjecture." 
 
 The entire of the Union resolutions passed the Commons 
 on March 24, and were carried by Lord Castlereagh to the 
 Peers, who approved of them after a short discussion, the votes 
 being 72 to 22. " The nearer the great event approaches, "wrote 
 Lord Cornwallis in April, 1800, "the more are the needy and 
 interested senators alarmed at the effects it may possibly have 
 on their interests and the provision for their families, and I 
 believe that half of our [Government] majority would be as 
 much delighted as any of our opponents, if the measure could 
 be defeated." 
 
 Lord Castlereagh's motion to bring in the Union Bill on
 
 THE FA11LIAMKNT HOUSE. 169 
 
 May 21 was carried by 160 to 100; and when he moved that 
 the House should depute certain Members to wait on the 
 Viceroy with the address in favour of the Union, Mr. O'Don- 
 nell proposed as an amendment that it should be brought up 
 by the generals, staff-members, officers, placemen, and pen- 
 sioners, numbering seventy-two Members of the Parliament. 
 
 On the second reading of the Union Bill on May 26, 
 1800, the fallacies propounded to induce the country to ac- 
 cept the Union were elaborately commented upon in detail 
 by Grattan, who, after having demonstrated the injustice of 
 various sections of the proposed Bill, observed : " The Mi- 
 nister proceeds to ask himself a question extremely natural 
 after such reasoning, What security has Ireland ? He an- 
 swers with great candour Honour English honour. Now, 
 when the liberty and security of one country depend" on the 
 honour of another, the latter may have much honour, but the 
 former no liberty. To depend on the honour of another coun- 
 try is to depend on the will ; and to depend on the will of an- 
 other country is the definition of slavery." Having appealed 
 to the petitions of twenty-one counties publicly convened, to 
 the memorials of other counties numerously signed, and to 
 those of the great towns and cities all against the Union, 
 Grattan continued : 
 
 " To affirm that the judgment of a nation is erroneous, may 
 mortify, but to affirm that her judgment against is for; to as- 
 sert that she has said aye when she has pronounced no; to 
 affect to refer a great question to the people ; finding the sense 
 of the people, like that of the Parliament, against the question, 
 to force the question ; to affirm the sense of the people to be 
 for the question ; to affirm that the question is persisted in, 
 because the sense of the people is for it ; to make the falsifi- 
 cation of her sentiments the foundation of her ruin, and the 
 ground of the Union ; to affirm that her Parliament, consti- 
 tution, liberty, honour, property, are taken away by her own 
 authority : there is, in such artifice, an effrontery, a hardihood,
 
 170 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 an insensibility, that can best be answered by sensations of 
 astonishment and disgust, excited on this occasion by the Bri- 
 tish Minister, whether he speaks in gross and total ignorance 
 of the truth, or in shameless and supreme contempt for it." 
 
 Grattan concluded as follows this, his last, speech in the 
 Parliament of Ireland : 
 
 " The constitution may be for a time so lost ; the character 
 of the country cannot be so lost ; the Ministers of the Crown 
 will, or may, perhaps, at length find that it is not so easy to 
 put down for ever an ancient and respectable nation by abili- 
 ties, however great, and by power and by corruption, however 
 irresistible. Liberty may repair her golden beams, and with 
 redoubled heat animate the country; the cry of loyalty will 
 not long continue against the principles of liberty ; loyalty is 
 a noble, a judicious, and a capacious principle; but in these 
 countries loyalty, distinct from liberty, is corruption, not loy- 
 alty. The cry of the connexion will not, in the end, avail 
 against the principles of liberty. Connexion is a wise and a 
 profound policy ; but connexion without an Irish Parliament 
 is connexion without its own principle, without analogy of 
 condition, without the pride of honour that should attend it, 
 is innovation, is peril, is subjugation not connexion. The cry 
 of disaffection will not, in the end, avail against the principle 
 of liberty. Identification is a solid and imperial maxim, ne- 
 cessary for the preservation of freedom, necessary for that of 
 empire; but, without union of hearts, with a separate Govern- 
 ment, and without a separate Parliament, identification is ex- 
 tinction, is dishonour, is conquest not identification. Yet I 
 do not give up the country I see her in a swoon, but she is 
 not dead though in her tomb she lies helpless and motionless, 
 still, there is on her lips a spirit of life, and on her cheek a glow 
 of beauty 
 
 " 'Thou art not conquered : beauty's ensign yet 
 Is crimson in thy lips, and in thy cheeks, 
 And death's pale flag is not advanced there.'
 
 THE PAUL1AMENT HOUSE. 171 
 
 " While a plank of the vessel sticks together, I will not 
 leave her let the courtier present his flimsy sail, and carry the 
 light bark of his faith, with every new breath of wind I will 
 remain anchored here with fidelity to the fortunes of my 
 country, faithful to her freedom, faithful to her fall." 
 
 The House having divided on the question that the Bill 
 be committed, the result was : Ayes 118, Noes 73 majority, 
 45. On the 6th of June, the report from the Committee was 
 read, and carried by 153 to 88. " Finding all now useless, we 
 retired," says Grattan, "with safe consciences, but with break- 
 ing hearts." 
 
 When it was moved that the Bill be engrossed, Mr. 
 O'Donnell, seconded by Mr. Tighe, proposed that it should be 
 burned, but the Act was finally read and passed by the so- 
 called House of Commons at 10 P.M. on Saturday, the 7th 
 of June, 1800, the Habeas Corpus Act being suspended, and 
 the entire country under military government. 
 
 " The Commons' House of Parliament, on the last evening, 
 afforded the most melancholy example of a fine independent 
 people, betrayed, divided, sold, and, as a state, annihilated. 
 British clerks and officers were smuggled into her Parliament 
 to vote away the constitution of a country to which they were 
 strangers, and in which they had neither interest nor connex- 
 ion. They were employed to cancel the royal charter of the 
 Irish nation, guaranteed by the British Government, sanctioned 
 by the British Legislature, and unequivocally confirmed by the 
 words, the signature, and the great seal of their monarch. The 
 Houses of Parliament were closely invested by the military 
 no demonstration of popular feeling was permitted a British 
 regiment, near the entrance, patrolled through the Ionic co- 
 lonnades. The situation of the Speaker [Foster], on that night, 
 was of the most distressing nature ; a sincere and ardent enemy 
 of the measure, he headed its opponents ; he resisted it with 
 all the power of his mind, the resources of his experience, his 
 influence, and his eloquence. It was, however, through his voice
 
 172 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 that it was to be proclaimed and consummated. His only alter- 
 native^ (resignation) would have been unavailing, and could 
 have added nothing to his character. His expressive counte- 
 nance bespoke the inquietude of his feelings ; solicitude was 
 perceptible in every glance, and his embarrassment was obvious 
 in every word he uttered. The galleries were full, but the change 
 was lamentable ; they were no longer crowded with those who 
 had been accustomed to witness the eloquence and to animate 
 the debates of that devoted assembly. A monotonous and 
 melancholy murmur ran through the benches scarcely a word 
 was exchanged amongst the Members nobody seemed at ease 
 no cheerfulness was apparent and the ordinary business, 
 for a short time, proceeded in the usual manner. At length 
 the expected moment arrived the order of the day for the 
 third reading of the Bill for a ' Legislative Union between 
 Great Britain and Ireland,' was moved by Lord Castlereagh ; 
 unvaried, tame, cold-blooded, the words seemed frozen as they 
 issued from his lips ; and, as if a simple citizen of the world, 
 he seemed to have no sensation on the subject. At that mo- 
 ment he had no country no God but his ambition ; he made 
 his motion, and resumed his seat, with the utmost composure 
 and indifference. Confused murmurs again ran through the 
 House it was visibly affected, every character, in a moment, 
 seemed involuntarily rushing to its index; some pale, some 
 flushed, some agitated ; there were few countenances to which 
 the heart did not despatch some messenger. Several Members 
 [including Plunket, and about two-thirds of the Opposition] 
 withdrew before the question could be repeated, and an awful 
 momentary silence succeeded their departure. The Speaker 
 rose slowly from that chair which had been the proud source 
 of his honours and of his high character : for a moment he re- 
 sumed his seat, but the strength of his mind sustained him in 
 his duty, though his struggle was apparent. With that dignity 
 which never failed to signalize his official actions, he held up 
 the Bill for a moment in silence ; he looked steadily around
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 173 
 
 him on the last agony of the expiring Parliament. He at length 
 repeated, in an emphatic tone, * As many as are of opinion that 
 this Bill do pass, say Aye.' The affirmative was languid, but 
 indisputable another momentary pause ensued again his lips 
 seemed to decline their office : at length, with an eye averted 
 from the object which he hated, he proclaimed, with a subdued 
 voice, ' The Ayes have it.' The fatal sentence was now pro- 
 nounced for an instant he stood statue-like; then, indig- 
 nantly, and with disgust, flung the Bill upon the table, and 
 sank into his chair, with an exhausted spirit." 
 
 The last meeting of the Parliament in College-green was 
 held on Saturday, October 2, 1800, and although the Legis- 
 lature of Ireland was abolished with English legal formalities, 
 the ablest lawyers Saurin, Ponsonby, Plunket, Ball, Bushe, 
 Curran, Burrowes, Fitzgerald, A. Moore, and others, main- 
 tained that the Act was a nullity, void ab initio ; that the 
 "transaction, though fortified by seven-fold form, was radi- 
 cally fraudulent; that all the forms and solemnities of law 
 were but so many badges of the fraud, and that posterity, like 
 a great court of conscience, would pronounce its judgment." 
 
 Saurin, afterwards Attorney- General of Ireland, declared 
 that resistance to the Union would be a struggle against usur- 
 pation, and not a resistance against law. " You," he added, 
 " may make the Union binding as a law, but you cannot make 
 it obligatory on conscience it will be obeyed as long as Eng- 
 land is strong, but resistance to it will be, in the abstract, a 
 duty, and the exhibition of that resistance will be a mere ques- 
 tion of prudence." 
 
 " I know," said Goold, " the Ministers must succeed : but 
 I will not go away with an aching heart, Because I know that, 
 the liberties of the people must ultimately triumph. The 
 people must at present submit, because they cannot resist 
 120,000 armed men. But the period will occur when, as in 
 1782, England may be weak, and Ireland sufficiently strong 
 to recover her lost liberties."
 
 174 HISTORY OF THE CITY OK DUBLIN. 
 
 " There are two days in the Irish history," said Grattan, 
 " that I can never forget, the one on which we gained our 
 freedom how great the triumph ! How moderate ! How 
 well it was borne ! with what dignity ! and with all absence 
 of vulgar triumph ! I shall ever remember the joy on that 
 occasion. The other was the day on which we lost our Par- 
 liament. It was a savage act, done by a set of assassins who 
 were brought into the House to sell their country and them- 
 selves ; they did not belong to Ireland : some were soldiers, 
 all were slaves. Everything was shame, and hurry, and base 
 triumph !" 
 
 The Bill was brought to the House of Lords on the 1 1th of 
 June, committed on the 12th by a majority of 76 to 17, and on 
 the 1st of August received the royal assent. On the following 
 day LordCornwallis delivered from the Throne the speech pro- 
 roguing Parliament, thus, according to his views, terminating 
 the resident Legislature of Ireland. A minority of the House 
 of Peers protested formally against the Union on the 10th of 
 February and 26th of March, 1800. Their final protest, in 
 eleven sections, dated the 13th of the ensuing June, concludes 
 as follows : 
 
 "Because the argument made use of in favour of the Union, 
 namely, that the sense of the people of Ireland is in its favour, 
 we know to be untrue, and, as the Ministers have declared that 
 they would not press the measure against the sense of the peo- 
 ple, and as the people have pronounced decidedly, and under all 
 difficulties, their judgment against it, we have, together with 
 the sense of the country, the authority of the Minister to enter 
 our protest against the project of Union ; against the yoke 
 which it imposes ; the dishonour which it inflicts ; the disqua- 
 lification passed upon the Peerage ; the stigma thereby branded 
 on the realm ; the disproportionate principle of expense it in- 
 troduces ; the means employed to effect it ; the discontents it 
 has excited, and must continue to excite: against all these, and 
 the fatal consequences they may produce we have endea-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 175 
 
 voured to interposeour votes ; and, failing, we transmit to after- 
 times our names in solemn protest in behalf of the Parliamen- 
 tary constitution of this realm, the liberty which it secured, 
 the trade which it protected, the connexion which it preserved, 
 and the constitution which it supplied and fortified. This we 
 feel ourselves called upon to do, in support of our characters, 
 our honour, and whatever is left to us worthy to be transmitted 
 to our posterity. Leinster, Arran, Mountcashel, Farnham, 
 Belmore, Massy, Strangford, Granard, Ludlow, Moira, Wil- 
 liam, Bishop of Down and Connor, Richard, Bishop of Wa- 
 terford and Lismore, Powerscourt, De Vesci, Charlemont, 
 Kingston, Eiversdale, Meath, Lismore, Sunderlin." 
 
 Of 278 sitting Members, the minority against the Union 
 numbered 120; while of those who voted in its favour, but 7 
 are said to have been uninfluenced corruptly. The amount 
 expended by Government to procure a majority has been stated 
 at 3,000,000, exclusive of 29 new creations, and 20 pro- 
 motions in the Irish Peerage, together with English Peerages 
 conferred on six noblemen " on account of Irish services" at 
 this juncture. In addition to the foregoing, the sum of one 
 million two hundred and sixty thousand pounds was expended 
 under the Bill authorizing compensation for disfranchised bo- 
 roughs, the total number of which was 84. 15,000, the sum 
 allotted for each borough, was apportioned among the various 
 patrons, according to their individual interests. The largest 
 sums paid for boroughs were, 52,000 to Lord Downshire, 
 who had seven seats, and 45,000 to Lord Ely for six seats. 
 The other borough proprietors owning more than two seats 
 were the Duke of Devonshire, Lords Ely, Shannon, Granard, 
 Belmore, Clifden, and Abercorn, Mr. Tighe, and Mr. Bruen, 
 each of whom had four seats. " This does not," it has been 
 observed, " give a complete idea of the Parliamentary weight 
 of the great borough proprietors. Besides the seats for which 
 theyreceivedcompensation,many ofthem had influence in places 
 which were still to return one Member ; and as one seat in the
 
 176 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Imperial Parliament was considered quite equal to two in the 
 Irish, no compensation Avas allowed. Thus Lord Ely had one 
 seat in Wexford ; Lord Shannon, one at Youghal ; the Duke of 
 Devonshire, one at Bandon and one at Dungarvan ; and Lord 
 Abercorn one, if not both, at Dungannon. Many of the coun- 
 ties also were almost entirely in the hands of certain great fa- 
 milies, whose nominations were scarcely ever disputed. A 
 few boroughs, nominally open, were practically close ; and 
 some three or four families had, by intermarriages, acquired a 
 power which rendered them most formidable to any Govern- 
 ment. The Ponsonbys, for example, exercised influence, 
 direct or indirect, over twenty -two seats ; Lord Downshire 
 and the Beresfords, respectively, over nearly as many. Nor 
 was this all : the great borough-mongers constantly bought 
 from other persons seats, for which they returned their own 
 adherents. Lord Longueville claimed Cork and Mallow, and 
 six other seats, as his own ; Lords Shannon and Ely were in a 
 similar position." 
 
 About the same period, of the 558 Members of the British 
 Parliament, 354 sat by Borough, Treasury, and other influence, 
 leaving England and Scotland but 204 representatives not 
 corruptly returned. 
 
 " The Parliament of Ireland, despite its defects, did more for 
 the country," it has been justly observed, " in the short space 
 of time it was allowed to live, than England had effected in all 
 her long and varied struggles for liberty. Ireland removed 
 the restraints that for centuries before had been imposed on 
 her commerce and her constitution ; she repealed Poynings' 
 law she insisted on the repeal of the 6th of George I. she 
 obtained Free Trade she obtained an independent Consti- 
 tutionshe restored the final judicature to her Lords she 
 established the independence of her Judges she secured to 
 the country the benefits of the Habeas Corpus Act she pu- 
 rified the elective franchise she repealed the perpetual Mutiny 
 Bill, and placed on record the immortal resolve, that a stand-
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 177 
 
 ing army in time of peace, without the consent of 'Parliament, 
 was contrary to law in itself a charter of liberty. All these 
 splendid acquisitions she obtained in 1782, after a short reign 
 of a few days, by means of her Parliament, freed from foreign 
 control and influenced by Irish feelings and Irish counsels. Sub- 
 sequently, after a severe struggle against a corrupt Court, she 
 obtained a Navigation Act, a Pension Bill, a Place Bill, a Re- 
 sponsibility Bill. She diffused the spirit of religious liberty, 
 and emancipated in a degree the mind of her people. She re- 
 pealed numerous penal laws, and gave to Roman Catholics pro- 
 perty and power; and accompanied the possession of land with 
 the right of the elective franchise. She opened to them the Bar, 
 and the Assistant Barristers' Bench ; and if she had not been 
 thwarted by British influence, she would have given to them 
 full and complete Emancipation, and placed, in every respect, 
 the Roman Catholic on an equality with his Protestant fellow- 
 countryman. England had rights and precedents of her own 
 to follow. She could boast of a proud constitutional ancestry, 
 who traced their names, their descent, their glories, in heredi- 
 tary succession to the great charters of their country, that they 
 had thirty times confirmed. But no such advantages were 
 possessed by Ireland; she had to create almost everything, 
 and to create it out of chaos." 
 
 As compensation for the abolition of their appointments, 
 pensions amounting in the aggregate to 32,006 14s. Id. per 
 annum were granted to the officials and servants connected with 
 the Houses of Peers and Commons, the details of which will 
 be found in the Appendix ; the respective amounts being based 
 upon an average of the salaries and emoluments during the pre- 
 ceding three years. 
 
 The late Thomas Elrington, D. D., proposed that Govern- 
 ment should grant the vacant Parliament House to Trinity 
 College, to be converted into lecture-halls ; one of the ob- 
 stacles raised to this suggestion was the probability of dis- 
 
 VOL. III. N
 
 178 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 turbances arising between the citizens and students in the pass- 
 ing of the latter between the two edifices, to obviate which the 
 construction of a connecting subterranean tunnel was proposed. 
 Ultimately, however, the Parliament House was purchased by 
 the Bank of Ireland for 40,000, subject to a ground rent of 
 240 per annum, an Act of Parliament having been passed 
 in June, 1802, to enable the Lord High Treasurer or Com- 
 missioners of his Majesty's Treasury of Ireland to sell, lease, 
 convey, or dispose of the Parliament House in the city of Dub- 
 lin, and all the premises and appurtenances thereunto belong- 
 ing, to the Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland. 
 
 Exhibitions of paintings were held in this building in 1802 
 and 1803, in the former of which John Comerford, the emi- 
 nent miniature painter, exhibited for the first time. During 
 the panic attendant on the attempt made by Robert Emmet, 
 the Parliament House was used as a barrack ; and in the suc- 
 ceeding year a fire broke out beneath the front portico, injur- 
 ing it so severely that it was found necessary to insert large 
 pieces in several of the columns. 
 
 The Bank Directors having offered premiums for plans for 
 the adaptation of the building to its new purposes, various 
 eminent English architects sent in their designs. The first prize 
 of 300 was, however, adjudged to Henry Aaron Baker, Master 
 of the Dublin Society's Architectural School, who, fearing that 
 his plans might be summarily rejected if he appeared in the 
 competition as an Irish artist, had his drawings privately con- 
 veyed to London, and thence to Dublin, as from an English 
 architect the names of the competitors not being demanded 
 until the final adjudication. 
 
 The first stone of the new works, under the superinten- 
 dence of Francis Johnston, was laid by the Lord Lieutenant, 
 Earl Hardwicke, on March 8, 1804. To connect the east 
 and west ends similarly with the centre, circular screen walls 
 were erected with Ionic columns, supporting an entablature
 
 THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 179 
 
 similar to that of the portico, with niches intervening. A 
 considerable part of the internal buildings were removed, in- 
 cluding the House of Commons and the Court of Bequests, a 
 portion of the latter now forming the Cash-office of the Bank. 
 At the period of the elevation of the level of Westmoreland- 
 street, the steps approaching to the eastern front were filled 
 up; and within the last few years the entrance-door under 
 this portico has been closed with masonry. 
 
 The three figures on the southern front of the building 
 were executed by Edward Smith, but from designs by Flax- 
 man, as specially stipulated by the Bank Directors, although 
 the architect, Johnston, endeavoured to protect the great 
 Dublin artist from this humiliation by " pointing, in a spirit of 
 earnest advocacy, to the many noble works already executed 
 by him ; but without effect they would apply to a London 
 sculptor. The gentlemen who were influential at that time 
 in the building proceedings of the Bank were unquestionably 
 men of the highest respectability, but they were profoundly ig- 
 norant of Smith's merits as a great sculptor ; they knew that he 
 had placed figures on [the eastern front of] their building ; but 
 they also knew that he made no lodgments in it. They found 
 him to be a nervous, mild, unpretending man, bowing to those 
 who should have stood uncovered in his presence. They, 
 therefore, sent to London for designs, and got three small pen 
 sketches from Mr. Flaxman. Yet even these were not given 
 to Smith, but the copies made of them by a young artist of 
 that day were handed to him, and were the only guides he 
 had in executing those noble figures which now ornament the 
 south portico. Flaxman demanded five hundred guineas for 
 the execution of each ; and the timid and modest Smith got 
 one hundred and fifty pounds for each." 
 
 The chandelier of the House of Commons is suspended 
 in the Examination Hall of Trinity College, Dublin; the chair 
 of the Speaker of the House of Lords is possessed by the Royal 
 N 2
 
 180 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Irish Academy ; and that of the Speaker of the Commons stands 
 in the Board-room of the Royal Dublin Society. After the 
 Union, Government demanded the Speaker's mace from Foster, 
 which the latter declined to surrender, saying that " until the 
 body that intrusted it to his keeping demanded it, he would 
 preserve it for them." This mace is now in the possession of 
 Lord Massereene, grandson of John Foster, the Speaker of 
 the Commons in the late Parliament of Ireland.
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE THE OLD EXCHEQUER ST. GEORGE'S 
 
 LANE 'CHEQUER-LANE GRAFTON-STREET THE ROYAL 
 IRISH ACADEMY. 
 
 A CHURCH dedicated to St. George anciently stood in the sub- 
 urbs of Dublin, near the present South Great George' s-street, 
 outside the city walls and the eastern gate. The incorpora- 
 tion of this church with the Priory of All- Hallows by Henri 
 de Londres, Archbishop of Dublin from 1213 to 1238, was 
 ratified in 1233 by Pope Gregory IX., whose successor, In- 
 nocent V., in his confirmation of the rights of the Priory, 
 A. D. 1276, mentions that St. George's Church owned ten 
 acres of land in the county of Dublin, and was entitled to the 
 tithes of a mill within its parish. Various deeds, still extant, 
 executed towards the year 1280, refer to buildings in St. 
 George's-street or parish, and mention also that the Exche- 
 quer of the English settlers then existed in this vicinity. The 
 right of performing Divine Service in the chauntry of the Ex- 
 chequer was in 1335 conferred by Edward III. on the Carme- 
 lite Friars, who were, for their labours, entitled to receive 
 from the Court an annual payment of one hundred shillings* 
 An ancient literary monument connected with this Court still 
 exists in the official manuscript known as the " Red Book of 
 the Exchequer," the earliest entries in which are ascribed to 
 the times of King John or Henry III. 
 
 The Exchequer of the English colonists is stated to have 
 been removed from its location outside the city walls, in conse- 
 quence of its treasure having been rifled, and its officers dis- 
 persed by the native Irish. This removal of the Court would
 
 182 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 appear to have been anterior to the middle of the fourteenth 
 century, as a local deed of 1352 refers to the Old Exchequer, 
 the site of which, according to our records, was on the 28th 
 of July, 36th Edward III. [1362], granted in custodiam to the 
 Prior and Friars of the Dublin Augustinians, whose account 
 of its profits are entered on a Pipe-roll of the year 1393. 
 
 For the support of the chapel of St. George, the Parliament 
 of theEnglish Pale in 145 7 enacted that any person in thecounty 
 of Dublin making a prey upon the Irish enemies exceeding forty 
 cows, should deliver one cow, or five shillings in money, to- 
 wards its repairs ; and a right of action for recovery was given 
 to the Master and Wardens of the Guild associated with this 
 chapel, which was visited annually on the festival of St. George 
 by the Mayor and city officials, who proceeded thither with 
 much solemnity to make their offerings. Among the entries 
 on this subject formerly extant in the " Chain Book" of the 
 city of Dublin, were the following : 
 
 "1st. It was ordered, in maintenance of the pageant of 
 St. George, that the Mayor of the foregoing year should find 
 the Emperor and Empress with their train and followers, well 
 appointed and accoutered, that is to say, the Emperor attended 
 with two doctors, and the Empress with two knights, and two 
 maidens richly apparelled, to bear up the train of her gown. 
 
 "Item, secondly. The Mayor for the time being was to 
 find St. George a horse, and the wardens to pay 3s. 4d. for his 
 wages that day. The Bailiffs for the time being were to find 
 four horses, with the men mounted on them well apparelled, 
 to bear the pole-axe, the standard, and the several swords of 
 the Emperor and St. George. 
 
 " Item, thirdly. The elder Master of the Guild was to find 
 a maiden well attired to lead the Dragon, and the Clerk of the 
 Market was to find a golden line for the Dragon. 
 
 " Item, fourthly. The elder Warden was to find for St. 
 George four trumpets ; but St. George himself was to pay 
 their wages.
 
 CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE. 183 
 
 " Item, fifthly. The younger Warden was obliged to find 
 the King of Dele and the Queen of Dele, as also two knights 
 to lead the Queen of Dele, and two maidens to bear up the 
 train of her gown, all being entirely clad in black apparel. 
 Moreover, he was to cause St. George's Chapel to be well hung 
 in black, and completely apparelled to every purpose, and was 
 to provide it with cushions, rushes, and other necessaries for 
 the festivities of that day." 
 
 The same manuscript contains an entry under the year 
 1498, recording an ordinance of the City for the " hagardmen 
 and the husbandmen to bear the Dragon, and to repair the 
 Dragon on St. George's Day and Corpus Christi Day," under 
 a penalty of forty shillings. 
 
 The Master and Wardens of the Guild in the chapel of St. 
 George, the Martyr, in the suburbs of Dublin enjoyed a royal 
 grant of eight marks, to find and sustain a priest ; and by in- 
 denture in 1506 they granted to the Prior and Convent of 
 All Hallows four marks of silver, to be paid annually "for the 
 sustentacion and wages of an honest chaplain to say Mass and 
 other Divine Service in the said chapel on Sundays and feasts, 
 and thrice in each week, that is to say, on Wednesday, Fri- 
 day, and Saturday, weekly and yearly ;" providing also that 
 the Prior and Convent should forfeit four-pence of silver for 
 each default. 
 
 Archbishop Alan, in the reign of Henry VIII., mentions 
 St. George's Church as then in existence, and notes its right 
 to a moiety of the tithes of a mill, which, he observes, had in 
 previous times existed near the city wall ; adding, that the ten 
 acres of land belonging to the church lay near Donabrook, and 
 were called " St. George's Field, alias Kilmalergan." The 
 Rectory of St. George formed portion of the possessions of 
 the monastery of All Hallows, surrendered in 1538 to Henry 
 VIII., and by him granted to the city of Dublin. 
 
 Richard Stanihurst, writing in 1586, observes : " There 
 hath been in St. George's-lane a chapel dedicated to Saint
 
 184 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 George, likely to have been founded by some worthy Knight 
 of the Garter. The Mayor, with his brethren, was ac- 
 customed with great triumphs and pageants yearly on Saint 
 George's feast to repair to that chapel, and there to offer. 
 This chapel," continues Stanihurst, " hath been of late razed, 
 and the stones thereof, by consent of the Assembly, turned 
 to a common oven, converting the ancient monument of a 
 doughty, adventurous, and holy knight, to the coal-rake 
 sweeping of a puff-loaf baker. In old times," adds our au- 
 thor, " divers old and ancient monuments were builded in St. 
 George's lane ; and as an insearcher of antiquities may, by the 
 view there to be taken, conjecture, the better part of the sub- 
 urbs of Dublin should seem to have stretched that way. But 
 the inhabitants being daily and hourly molested and preied by 
 their prowling mountain neighbours, were forced to suffer 
 their buildings to fall in decay, and embayed themselves within 
 the city walls. Among other monuments, there is a place in 
 that lane called now [1586] Collets Inns, which, in old times, 
 was the Escacar, or Exchequer." 
 
 In an official record of the year 1592 we find Richard Sta- 
 nihurst, Gent., entered as "farmer of a garden called Col lett's 
 Innes, alias le old Exchequer," for which he paid a yearly rent 
 of 13. 4d. to the Crown ; and an Inquisition of 1636 mentions 
 an orchard (pomarium) called " Coliett's Inns, alias the Ould 
 Exchequer, near St. George' Inns-lane." Among the residents 
 in St. George's-lane in the seventeenth century was Sir Wil- 
 liam Petty, one of the most remarkable men of his time. 
 
 Petty, born in 1623, was the son of a poor clothier of Rum- 
 sey : speaking of his early life, he tells us that " At the full 
 age of fifteen years I had obtained the Latin, Greek, and 
 French tongues, the whole body of common Arithmetic, the 
 practical Geometry, and Astronomy conducing to Navigation, 
 Dialling, &c., with the knowledge of several mathematical 
 trades, all which, and having been at the University of Caen, 
 preferred me to the King's navy, where, at the age of twenty
 
 ST. GEORGE'S- LANE. 185 
 
 years, I had gotten up about three-score ^pounds, with as much 
 mathematics as any of my age was known to have had. With 
 this provision, anno 1643, when the civil wars between the 
 King and Parliament grew hot, I went into the Netherlands 
 and France for three years, and having vigourously followed 
 my studies, especially that of medicine, at Utrecht, Leyden, 
 Amsterdam, and Paris, I returned to Rumsey, where I was 
 born, bringing back with me my brother Anthony, whom I had 
 bred, with about 10 more than I had carried out of England. 
 With this 70 and my endeavours, in less than four years 
 more I obtained my degree of M. D. in Oxford, and forth with 
 thereupon to be admitted into the College of Physicians, London, 
 and into several clubs of the Virtuous [Virtuosi] ; after all 
 which expence defrayed, I had left 28, and in the next two 
 years being made Fellow of Brazen-Nose, and Anatomy Pro- 
 fessor in Oxford, and also Eeader at Gresham College, I ad- 
 vanced my said stock to about 400, and with 100 more 
 advanced and given me to go for Ireland, into full 500." 
 From his childhood, Petty exhibited a great attachment to 
 mechanical and scientific pursuits. At Paris he studied ana- 
 tomy with Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury, for whose work 
 on Optics he drew the diagrams : notwithstanding all his inge- 
 nuity, he was once, while resident in France, obliged, from 
 want of money, to live for a week on two penny-worth of 
 walnuts. 
 
 Petty first distinguished himself in the world of letters by 
 his treatise " On the Advancement of Learning," published in 
 1648, and addressed to Samuel Hartlib. He became Deputy 
 to the Professor of Anatomy at Oxford, where he acted the 
 principal part in restoring to life a woman who had been hanged 
 for infanticide ; he was also nominated Professor of Music at 
 Gresham College, and subsequently appointed Physician to the 
 Army in Ireland, and to the Lord Deputy Fleetwood, at the sa- 
 lary of twenty shillings a day. Before he had been two months 
 in Ireland, Petty effected great reform in the Army Medical
 
 186 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Department, and soon acquired an extensive practice as a phy- 
 sician in Dublin. Having directed his attention to the survey 
 being carried on of the Irish forfeited lands, he laid before the 
 Government proposals for the execution of that work at less 
 than half the rate then paying, offering to complete in thirteen 
 months an undertaking which could not have been finished in 
 less than seven years under the existing system. His propo- 
 sals were accepted by the Government, and the entire survey 
 was concluded by Petty within the stipulated period, as noticed 
 in the account of " Crow's Nest." His success in this under- 
 taking, and the part which he took in the distribution of the 
 forfeited lands, raised him numerous enemies, who endeavoured, 
 by a variety of stratagems, to effect his ruin, and finally assailed 
 him before the Parliament at London, wherehe confronted them, 
 and proved the groundlessness of their accusations. In part 
 payment for his services Petty received grants of extensive 
 tracts of land, and it was said that from the summit of Man- 
 gerton, in Kerry, he could look upon 50,000 acres belonging 
 to himself. Charles II. in 1661 conferred knighthood upon 
 Petty, in whose conversation he took much pleasure. He was 
 elected one of the first Council of the Royal Society in 1662, 
 and in the succeeding year invented a double-bottomed ship 
 " of exceeding use to put into shallow ports, and ride over small 
 depths of water ; it consisted of two distinct keels, crampt toge- 
 ther with huge timbers, &c., so that a violent stream ran be- 
 tween; it bore a monstrous broad sail." After having performed 
 several voyages in incredibly short periods, this vessel, which 
 the King named the " Experiment," was finally cast away in 
 a storm which destroyed a large fleet of ships. Petty is de- 
 scribed as " a proper handsome man, measured six foot high, 
 good head of brown hair, moderately turning up; his eyes a kind 
 of goose-grey, but very short-sighted, and as to aspect beauti- 
 full, and promise sweetness of nature, and they did not deceive, 
 for he was a marvellous good-natured person; eyebrows thick, 
 dark, and straight ; his head was very large." In 1667 he mar-
 
 ST. GEOKGE'S-LANE. 187 
 
 ried Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Hardress Waller, " a very beau- 
 tiful and ingenious lady, brown, with glorious eyes." 
 
 Petty is stated to have excelled in everything which he 
 undertook : he was an admirable Latin poet ; profoundly wise 
 in council ; of great courage ; facetious, of easy conversation, 
 and had a marvellous faculty of mimicry, " with such admirable 
 action and alteration of voice and tone, as it was not possible 
 to abstain from wonder, and one would swear to hear several 
 persons." " When I," says Evelyn, " who knew him in mean 
 circumstances, have been in his splendid palace, he would him- 
 selfe be in admiration how he arrived at it; nor was it his value 
 or inclination for splendid furniture and the curiosities of the 
 age, but his elegant lady could endure nothing mean, or that 
 was not magnificent. He was very negligent himself, and 
 rather so of his person, and of a philosophic temper. What 
 a to-do is here !' he would say, ' I can lie in straw with as much 
 satisfaction.'" 
 
 Petty was one of the original Fellows of the College of 
 Physicians of Ireland, and in 1683 published his " Observa- 
 tions on the Dublin Bills of Mortality." He took an active 
 part in the formation of the Dublin Philosophical Society, of 
 which he was elected President, as already noticed. Among 
 his inventions was a land carriage, described as follows to the 
 Society in 1684 : 
 
 " Drawn by an ordinary horse of XlO price, it carries one 
 that sits in it with ease, and a driver on the coach-box, with a 
 portmanteau of twenty or thirty pounds weight, twenty-five 
 or thirty Irish miles a day: this carriage," adds the description, 
 " is likewise very easy for the traveller, and far more secure than 
 any coach, not being overturnable by any height on which the 
 wheels can possibly move. It is likewise contrived to be drawn 
 about the streets by one man with one in it, and that with less 
 pains than one of the sedan-bearers does undergo. It is very 
 cheap, an ordinary one not costing more than six or seven 
 pounds, the four wheels being above half the money."
 
 188 HISTORY OF THE CITY 0*' DUBLIN. 
 
 Various experiments relating to land carriage and other 
 devices were performed at Petty 'a house in Dublin, before the 
 Society, which also subscribed towards building two ships of 
 a new construction planned by him, of the result of which 
 William Molyneux, writing in January, 1685, gives the fol- 
 lowing account : 
 
 " Sir William Petty 's ship was tried this day sennight in 
 our harbour between Bingsend and the Bar, but she performed 
 so abominably, as if built on purpose to disappoint in the 
 highest degree every particular that was expected from her ; 
 she had spread but a third of the sail she was to carry, the wind 
 did but just fill her sails, and yet she stooped so that she was 
 in danger of being overset every moment ; a blast from a 
 smith's bellows superadded had overturned her. She was 
 proposed not to want an ounce of ballast, and yet she had in 
 her ten ton of paving stones, and all would not do ; the sea- 
 men said they would not venture over the Bar in her for 
 1000 a piece. Even right before the wind she does nothing. 
 So that the whole design is blown up. What measures Sir 
 William will take to redeem his credit, I know not, but I am 
 sure a greater trouble could hardly have fallen upon him." 
 Petty, however, averred that he was determined to persevere 
 in his experiments in ship-building, and declared, that if he dis- 
 covered his principles to be erroneous, he would write and 
 publish a book against himself " so much," said he, " do I 
 prefer truth before vanity and imposture." 
 
 Petty engaged extensively in mining, iron founding, and 
 pilchard fishing, in the county of Kerry ; and in 1685 pub- 
 lished his maps of Ireland, entitled, " Hiberniaj delineatio 
 quoad hactenus licuit perfectissima," which were issued at 
 fifty shillings. His surveys, " as far as they go, are tolerably 
 exact as to distances and situations, but neither the latitudes 
 nor roads are expressed, nor is the sea coast exactly laid down ; 
 his design being only to take an account of the forfeited lands ; 
 many other tracts are left blank, and from such a survey his
 
 ST. GEORGE'S-LANE. 189 
 
 maps are formed." His death took place in 1687, and among 
 the various directions contained in his will may be noticed his 
 wish that his daughter might marry in Ireland, desiring that 
 such a sum as he had left her might not be carried out of this 
 country. Petty's widow was advanced to the Peerage, and 
 his son was created Baron of Shelburne. His descendants 
 failed in male issue, and, through the female line, the title and 
 property of Petty's representatives came into the family of 
 Fitz Maurice, and thence to the present Marquis of Lans- 
 downe, who is his great great grandson. 
 
 A large house on the western side of George's-lane was, in 
 1731, taken by Madame Violante, the pantomimiste noticed in 
 our account of Fownes's-court. In this house, which she 
 styled her " New Booth," Violante, with her daughter and 
 a company including Lalauze and Moreau, French comic 
 dancers, with "posture-master" Phillips, exhibited various 
 entertainments " after the Italian manner," among which were 
 the Burgomaster tricked, or the intrigues of Harlequin and 
 Columbine ;" the " Jealous Husband deceived, or Harlequin 
 metamorphosed;" the " Birth of Harlequin;" and "Woman's 
 Revenge or a Match in Newgate." Madame Violante exhibited 
 marvels as a rope-walker ; Lalauze performed French pastoral 
 and comic dances in wooden shoes ; and a Dublin actor, named 
 Cummins, executed the " white joke dance," as an old woman, 
 with " Pierrot" in a basket. The " New Booth" was con- 
 stantly filled with crowds of the most fashionable people of 
 Dublin, and a writer of the time mentions that Violante was 
 " openly caressed by principal persons of both [political] par- 
 ties, who contributed to support her in a splendid manner." 
 
 For deserting the Theatre to support Violante, the fre- 
 quenters of her "New Booth" were reproved as follows, in a 
 " Prologue upon the beaux, for Mrs. Davis's benefit, at Smock- 
 alley," but which, we are told, " none of the players would 
 venture to speak, for fear of disobliging that formidable 
 party:"
 
 190 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 \ 
 
 "But now, alas! the Muse no longers sings 
 Of faithful lovers, and of god-like kings : 
 The friendly Muse, for ever fond to please, 
 Tunes to your sickly appetites her lays ; 
 Whilst honour, virtue, fame, and plighted faith, 
 Yield to the necromancer and Macheath. 
 But even these have fail'd of your applause, 
 Nought now will do but Phillips and Lalauze : 
 For them the house is crowded thrice a week, 
 Whilst Husbands and Delany are to seek ; 
 Whilst Imoinda fails to move your care, 
 And dying Cato is deny'd a tear ! 
 But mark, ye fair ones, whether this may tend, 
 The stage, that once was love and virtue's friend, 
 Condemn'd by you to posture-masters vile, 
 Has lost its rhetoric and chang'd its style. 
 Instead of Grey, to move your tender hearts, 
 Here Yiolante shows her brawny parts ; 
 Instead of Cato's stubborn virtue, there 
 Phillips does in a thousand shapes appear. 
 But mark, I say, fair ones, mark the end, 
 You crowd to see, you clap, and you commend ; 
 While pig-tail' d beaux, to win the like applause, 
 Take for their patterns Phillips and Lalauze." 
 
 A new opera epilogue to the tragedy of Richard III., 
 sung and spoken by Mrs. Stirling, a favourite Dublin singer, 
 who acted the part of Lady Anne, 1731, alludes as follows to 
 the same subject : 
 
 " How happy is the fashionable taste, 
 On worthy objects elegantly placed ! 
 Dublin, in all its pleasures so refin'd, 
 Scorns the dull entertainments of the mind ! 
 Bow, prostrate, bow: lo! Nonsense rears her throne ! 
 Footmen and beaux, your sovereign goddess own ! 
 Haste from our Theatre, which out of season, 
 Most impudently tries to please with reason ! 
 From sense and Shakespeare fly, each pretty fellow, 
 To Signer Scaramouch and Punchinello !
 
 ST. GEORGE'S-LANE. 191 
 
 Fly to your wooden brethren, mon Dieu ! 
 
 Blest, ye toupees, with no more brains than you ! 
 
 Away, nice Dames, where our coarse scenes shan't fright you ! 
 
 Where Italy's politer arts invite ye, 
 
 And decent postures on the rope delight ye !" 
 
 Madame Violante continued for some time to exhibit dra- 
 matic and grotesque entertainments in George's-lane, including 
 among her players Miss Margaret Woffington, and other 
 youthful performers of merit, noticed in our account of 
 Fownes's-court. The dramatic performances of Madame Vio- 
 lante are stated to have been eventually stopped by order of 
 the Lord Mayor, and the house was, some years afterwards, 
 taken for an hospital by Dr. Bartholomew Mosse. This phi- 
 lanthropic physician was born at Maryborough in 1712; 
 licensed as a surgeon in 1733, and engaged about 1737 by the 
 Government, to take charge of the men drafted from Ireland 
 to complete the regiments in Minorca. 
 
 "Dr. Mosse," says a manuscript memoir, "both before 
 and after the above appointment, practised surgery and mid- 
 wifery with great success ; but this did not prevent his seek- 
 ing to add to his information by intercourse with the practi- 
 tioners of other countries, for in a paper which he afterwards 
 published he states that, * intending to perfect himself in 
 surgery and midwifery, he travelled into England, France and 
 Holland, and several other parts of Europe; and that from his 
 first entrance into such study and profession, he became con- 
 vinced of the great usefulness, if not necessity, of having an 
 hospital for lying-in women in the city of Dublin, and resolved, 
 as far as in his power, to have such an hospital established ; 
 and for that purpose laid himself out particularly to inquire 
 into and to observe the hospitals in the countries through 
 which he travelled.' Having settled in Dublin, he married the 
 daughter of the Ven. Dr. Whittingham, Archdeacon of Dub- 
 lin, and, having obtained a license in midwifery, he quit the 
 practice of surgery. In the course of his practice charity often
 
 192 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 demanded his assistance; and he often declared that the 
 misery of the poor women of the city of Dublin, at the time 
 of their lying-in, would scarcely be conceived by any who had 
 not been an eye-witness of their wretched circumstances ; that 
 their lodgings were generally in cold garrets, open to every 
 wind, or in damp cellars, subject to floods from excessive rains ; 
 destitute of attendance, medicine, and often of proper food, 
 by which hundreds perished with their little infants. These 
 distresses excited his compassion, and he resolved no longer 
 to delay his endeavours to establish an hospital for poor lying- 
 in women. Having communicated this humane and charita- 
 ble intention to a few particular friends, who highly approved 
 of his schemes, he took a large house in George's-lane, which 
 he furnished with beds and other necessaries, and opened the 
 same on the 14th of March, 1745, continuing to support it 
 chiefly at his own expense, and constantly attending in person, 
 until the apparent usefulness of it induced several well-disposed 
 persons to encourage the undertaking by benefactions and 
 yearly subscriptions, which encouraged him to enlarge his 
 plan. He belonged to a society called ' The Union,' consisting 
 of a number of persons of different occupations, most of whom 
 subscribed four shillings and four-pence yearly, to be paid quar- 
 terly, for the support of the intended hospital ; and this is sup- 
 posed to have been the first assistance he received." " So 
 far then," writes Dr. Wilde, " we may consider the original 
 hospital founded and established by the enterprise of one 
 man ; and in an estimate of the credit due to him, we ought 
 not to forget that the institution was the first of the kind in 
 the British dominions, and may, therefore, be truly regarded 
 as the parent of all those in the capital of the sister country. 
 In Faulkner's Journal' for March, 1745, we find an account 
 of the opening of the hospital in George's-lane ; and at the 
 conclusion of it, the following notice, from which it would ap- 
 pear that the founder received but little sympathy from his 
 professional brethren, although he offered them advantages
 
 ST. GEORGE'S- LANE. 193 
 
 that few would now be slow in accepting. It is as follows : 
 ' Constant attendance will be given at the said hospital 
 by Mr. Bartholomew Mosse, until assisted by the rest of the 
 gentlemen of the faculty.' As the hospital became more 
 known, its friends and supporters increased ; and besides or- 
 dinary subscriptions, Dr. Mosse, who was essentially ' a man 
 of many projects,' had recourse for its support to plays, lottery 
 schemes, concerts, oratorios, &c. ; and we may mention that 
 he brought over Castrucci, the last pupil of Corelli, as an at- 
 traction, to these concerts. These various resources had pro- 
 duced since 1745 about 3649 altogether, at the time [1750], 
 when he published his first report. Reports of the institution 
 were published annually, giving the number of females re- 
 lieved and children born, with a statement of the receipts and 
 expenses ; and from one we give the following extract, show- 
 ing the care taken in the economical disbursements of the 
 funds, when compared with similar institutions :" " The sup- 
 porting of 2307 women in the British Lying-in Hospital, Lon- 
 don, as appears from the printed state of the said hospital, 
 cost 7313 16s. lO^rf., which is more than 3 3s. 5%d. each; 
 whereas the supporting of 3975 women in the Lying-in Hos- 
 pital in George's-lane, Dublin, including all expenses, came to 
 but 3913 13s. 0</., which is very little more than 19s. B^d. 
 each. By which the manager of the last-named charity saved 
 to the public no less a sum than 8696 12s. 5^d. ; for, had 
 the above 3975 women cost 3 3s. 6%d. each, the whole 
 amount would have been 12,610 5s. 6d. This hospital, be- 
 sides the relief of the distressed, was intended as a school for 
 young surgeons intending to practise midwifery, as it might 
 render it unnecessary for such to resort to France arid other 
 foreign parts for instruction ; and also as a nursery to raise 
 and transplant into the several parts of the kingdom women 
 who, being duly qualified, might settle in such parts as most 
 stand in need of them. The Doctor was, at the time of open- 
 ing the hospital, about thirty-three years of age, in full health
 
 194 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 and vigour, of a clear understanding, affable and agreeable in 
 his conversation and behaviour, and beloved and esteemed by 
 all his acquaintances ; and the great advantage of it being 
 soon observed, as well abroad as at home, application was 
 made to Dr. Mosse, in the year 1747, by several persons in 
 London, particularly Dr. Layard, for his plan, scheme, and 
 regulations, which he transmitted to them ; and an hospital 
 was erected in London the year following, on the same plan, 
 with the same regulations, which soon met with so great en- 
 couragement from the public, that before the year 1751 two 
 more hospitals for lying-in women were opened in the said 
 city." 
 
 On the opening of the new edifice in Great Britain-street 
 in 1757, the Lying-in Hospital was removed from George' s-lane, 
 having, from its foundation, been maintained almost exclu- 
 sively by the energy of Mosse in procuring for its use the pro- 
 ceeds of oratorios, plays, and lotteries. During the preceding 
 twelve years 4049 children had been born in the Hospital in 
 George' s-lane, the accounts of which form, says Dr. Wilde, 
 one of the most interesting, as well as the earliest, statistical 
 tables of this description on record, and show that the registry 
 of this hospital, a hundred years ago, was better kept than 
 many of the present day. 
 
 Soon after its relinquishment by Mosse, the house in 
 George' s-lane was converted into a " Lock Hospital" by Sur- 
 geon George Doyle and other practitioners, who gave their 
 services gratuitously to this institution, which was maintained 
 by voluntary subscriptions. This building, which was used 
 as a "Lock Hospital" till 1767, is at present No. 59, South 
 Great George' s-street, opposite Fade-street, standing back 
 from the street, and approached by a narrow alley ; the first 
 building contains twelve rooms, with closets for nurses ; and 
 at the rere of this is a second, containing one large, and two 
 small wards, with out-offices ; in front of it was originally a 
 a court-yard, now filled up with buildings.
 
 GUAFTON-STREET. 195 
 
 Ebenezer Rider and Edward Bate, the publishers of some 
 large works during the early part of the last century, resided 
 in George's-lane ; and in this street Francis West, the emi- 
 nent drawing-master, held his academy, previous to remov- 
 ing to the Dublin Society's House in Shaw's-court, already 
 noticed. At Napper's "Great Room," in George's-lane, was 
 held, in February, 1765, the first exhibition of the Society of 
 Dublin Artists, subsequently located in William-street. The 
 name of George's-lane was changed to that of Great George's- 
 street about the middle of the last century, and from 1798 to 
 a few years ago, several houses on the western side of this 
 street were used by Government as an infantry barrack. 
 
 From the Old Exchequer the name of 'Chequer-lane was 
 applied to a line of buildings, commenced before the middle 
 of the seventeenth century, now called Exchequer-street and 
 Wicklow-street, extending eastward from George's-lane to 
 Grafton-street, which received its name from Henry Fitzroy, 
 first Duke of Grafton, son of Charles II. by the Duchess of 
 Cleveland. The Duke, who is described as a "tall black man," 
 was born in 1663, and married Isabella, daughter and heiress 
 of Henry Bennett, Earl of Arlington. He officiated as High 
 Constable of England at the coronation of James II., but de- 
 serted the King on the landing of the Prince of Orange, and 
 received his death-wound while leading the grenadiers at the 
 assault on Cork in 1 690. On the western side of Grafton-street 
 a reminiscence of the times of the Restoration is still preserved 
 in the name of" Tangier-lane," so styled from the fortress of 
 that name in Africa, which formed portion of the dowry of 
 Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II., by whom in 
 1662 it was made a free port, and endowed with various com- 
 mercial privileges, the expense of maintaining it being charged 
 upon the Irish Revenue. The total annual cost of this estab- 
 lishment appears from an official manuscript to have amounted 
 to 42,338 12s. 2jrf., and it was specially ordered that all 
 necessaries for the soldiers there garrisoned, as clothes, shirts, 
 o 2
 
 196 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 shoes, stockings, boots, belts, &c., should "be always bought 
 in Ireland, and nowhere else, and that at as easy rates as may 
 be ;" the Lord Lieutenant or other Chief Governor of Ireland 
 being directed " to appoint some fit persons to supervise the 
 buying of the said clothes and necessaries for the soldiers, so as 
 the same may effectually he furnished good in kind, and at the 
 cheapest rates." The Commons of England, in their address 
 to the King in 1680, complained that " Tangier had been se- 
 veral times under Popish governors; that the supplies sent 
 thither had been in a great part made up of Popish officers 
 and soldiers ; and that the Irish Papists had been the most 
 countenanced and encouraged." The English Treasury not 
 being able to defray the expense of the maintenance of Tan- 
 gier, and the Irish people having repeatedly complained of the 
 injustice of taxing them for its support, the fortress was de- 
 molished by the King's orders in 1683. 
 
 The earliest printed official reference to Grafton-street oc- 
 curs in a statute of the year 1 708 ; the street had, however, been 
 partially formed some years before the close of the seventeenth 
 century, at which period a portion of it was set as wheat land, 
 at the annual rent of 2s. 6d. per acre. The southern part of 
 this street was, till the early years of the last century, known 
 as " Crosse's Garden," and a city assessment of 1712 records 
 an allocation for "making a crown causeway through Grafton- 
 street." Sir Thomas Vesey, the benevolent and religious Bishop 
 of Ossory, died in Grafton-street in 1730 ; and Louis Du Val, 
 Manager of Smock-alley Theatre previous to the Sheridan re- 
 gime, resided here so early as 1733. Mrs. Rebecca Dingley, 
 the friend of Swift and the companion of Stella, dwelt in this 
 street till the year 1743, at the house of Mrs. Ridgeway, 
 daughter to Mrs. Brent, housekeeper to the Dean; after the 
 death of Stella, Swift used frequently to dine here with Mrs. 
 Dingley, whose peculiarities he has detailed in several poems, 
 and to whom, conjointly with Mrs. Johnson, he wrote the 
 " Journal to Stella."
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 197 
 
 Gabriel Jacques Maturin, prebend of Malahidert, who in 
 1745 succeeded Swift as Dean of St. Patrick's, resided in 
 Grafton-street. He was born in 1700 at Utrecht, and was the 
 son of Pierre, and grandson of Gabriel Maturin, a Huguenot 
 priest of Paris, who fled from the persecution of 'Louis XIV. 
 to Holland, and thence to Dublin, where his son received his 
 education. Of the origin of his family name, the author of 
 " Bertram" gave the following account : 
 
 " In the reign of Louis XIV. the carriage of a Catholic 
 lady of rank was stopped by the driver discovering that a child 
 was lying in the street. The lady brought him home, and, as 
 he was never claimed, considered and treated him as her child : 
 he was richly dressed, but no trace was furnished, by himself 
 or otherwise, that could lead to the discovery of his parents or 
 connexions. As the lady was a devotee, she brought him up 
 a strict Catholic, and being puzzled for a name for him, she 
 borrowed one from a religious community, * Les Mathurins,' of 
 whom there is mention in the ' Jewish Spy,' and who were 
 then of sufficient importance to give their name to a street in 
 Paris, La Kue des Mathurins.' In spite of all the good lady's 
 pains, and maugre his nom de caresse, my ancestor was perverse 
 enough to turn Protestant, and became pastor to a Huguenot 
 congregation in Paris, where he sojourned, and begat two sons. 
 While he was amusing himself in this manner, the King and 
 Pere La Chaise were amusing themselves with exterminating 
 the Protestants ; and about the time of the revocation of the 
 Edict of Nantz, Maturin was shut up in the Bastille, where he 
 was left for twenty-six years ; I suppose to give him time to 
 reflect on the controverted points, and make up his mind at 
 leisure. With all these advantages he continued quite intract- 
 able : so that the Catholics, finding the case desperate, gave 
 him his liberty. There was no danger, however, of his abus- 
 ing this indulgence ; for, owing to the keeper forgetting acci- 
 dentally to bring him fuel during the winters of his confinement, 
 and a few other ayrtmens of his situation, the poor man had
 
 198 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 lost the use of his limbs, and was a cripple for life. He ac- 
 companied some of his former flock, who had been grievously 
 scattered, to Ireland, and there unexpectedly found Madame M. 
 and his two sons, who had made their escape there via Holland. 
 Here he lived and died ; his surviving son obtained the Dean- 
 ery of Killala, and his grandson that of St. Patrick's ; the 
 Dean of St. Patrick's was my grandfather. An old French 
 lady, who lived in Bishop-street a few years since, was in pos- 
 session of some of his infant finery ; and I have heard that the 
 lace, though sorely tarnished, was remarkably fine. I," adds 
 the novelist, "possessed formerly an immense mass of the emi- 
 grant's manuscripts : they were principally in Latin, a few 
 in French. He certainly was a man of very various erudition. 
 The Dean of St. Patrick's was an able mathematician." 
 
 Maturin died in November, 1746, having held the Deanery 
 for little more than twelve months. 
 
 On the north-western side of Grafton -street was the resi- 
 dence of Richard Colley, of Castle Carberry, created Baron of 
 Mornington in 1746, the first of his family who assumed the 
 name of Wellesley. He died at his house here in January, 
 1758, and was succeeded by his more talented son Garret, first 
 Earl of Mornington, whose son, Richard, afterwards famous as 
 Marquis Wellesley, was born in Grafton-street in 1760. 
 
 The Provost's house, built on a portion of the College 
 gardens, was occupied from 1774 to 1794 by the Hutchinson 
 family. The following peers also resided in Grafton-street : 
 Lord Kinsale (1778); Viscount Grandison (1783) ; the Earl 
 of Dunsany (1786) ; Lord Newhaven of Carrickmayne (1791) ; 
 and Lord Massy of Duntryleague. 
 
 John Hawkey, admitted a Scholar of the University of 
 Dublin in 1723, and one of the most profound classical critics 
 produced by Ireland, opened a school in 1 746 in Grafton-street, 
 near the College. His first publication, a translation of Xeno- 
 phon's Anabasis, was followed by editions of the following clas- 
 sics :Virgilius, 1745, dedicated "Viris admodum eruditis,
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 199 
 
 egregiisque literarum fautoribus, Praeposito Sociisque seniori- 
 bus Academiae SS. et individuse Trinitatis, juxta Dublin, ob 
 insignem erga se munificentiam ;" Horatius, 1745, dedicated to 
 Primate Hoadly; Terentius, 1745, dedicated to the Earl of 
 Chesterfield; Juvenal et Persius, 1746, dedicated to Morde- 
 cai Gary, Bishop of Killala; and Sallustius, 1747. Harwood 
 and Dibdin, the most competent classical bibliographers, have 
 highly extolled the beauty and accuracy of these editions, which 
 were issued " E Typographic Academic," containing the au- 
 thors' text, together with the " lectiones variantes notabiliores." 
 Hawkey also projected the publication of the writings of Cicero 
 in twenty volumes, uniform with his previous editions ; this 
 work was not, however, executed. In 1747 appeared his edi- 
 tion of " Paradise Lost, compared with the authentick editions, 
 and revised by John Hawkey, editor of the Latin classics ;" 
 which was followed, in 1752, by the "Paradise Regained" 
 and smaller poems of Milton. Both these editions, according 
 to the learned English critic, the Rev. Henry J. Todd, are 
 " highly to be valued for their accuracy." Hawkey died in 
 Graf 'ton-street in 1 759 ; his son, the Rev. John Pullein Hawkey, 
 was appointed master of the Free School of Dundalk, and pub- 
 lished in 1788 a translation of the " Gallic and Civil Wars of 
 Cassar," dedicated to the Bishop of Derry. 
 
 Samuel Whyte, natural son of Captain Solomon Whyte, 
 Deputy- Governor of the Tower of London, first saw the light 
 about the year 1733, under circumstances chronicled as follows 
 by himself: 
 
 "Born premature, such the All- wise decree, 
 Loud shriek'd the storm, and mountains ran'the sea ; 
 Ah ! what, sweet voyager ! in that dreadful hour, 
 Avail'd thy blooming youth, thy beauty's pow'r? 
 She died, her breast with double anguish torn, 
 And, her sole care, I first drew breath forlorn. 
 Her nurse, when female aid was most requir'd, 
 Faithful to death, kiss'd, bless' d her, and expir'd.
 
 200 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 The stout ship brav'd the elemental strife, 
 And the good crew preserved my little life ; 
 Lerpool receiv'd and foster' d me a while, 
 Call'd, thrice repuls'd, thence to Hibernia's isle." 
 
 Solomon Whyte's sister married Dr. Philip Chamberlaine, 
 Prebend of Rathmichael, Archdeacon of Glendaloch, and 
 Hector of St. Nicholas Without; their daughter, Frances 
 Chamberlaine, as already noticed, became the wife of Thomas 
 Sheridan in 1747, and acquired high reputation as authoress 
 of "Sidney Biddulph," and "Nourjahad." Samuel Whyte 
 received his education from Samuel Edwards, the most emi- 
 nent Dublin schoolmaster of his day, at whose academy in 
 Golden-lane he was placed as a boarder. At Dublin, where 
 his father had fixed his residence, Samuel Whyte found at- 
 tached friends in his relatives, the Sheridans, with whom he 
 lived on terms of close intimacy. 
 
 Solomon Whyte's estates in Longford passed, after his 
 death in 1757, to Richard Chamberlaine, his nephew. Samuel 
 Whyte being thus left but ill provided for, was induced by 
 Thomas Sheridan to entertain the idea of establishing a school 
 chiefly for the instruction of youth in the English language, 
 the cultivation of which had been strenuously advocated by 
 Sheridan in his lectures on oratory. The influence of the 
 Sheridans and their relatives having been actively exerted in 
 favour of Whyte, he was enabled to open his " English gram- 
 mar school" at No. 75, Grafton-street, in 1758, with conside- 
 rable eclat ; and among his first pupils were Richard Brinsley 
 and Alicia, the children of his relative, Frances Sheridan, 
 " the friend and parent of his youth." Whyte's house is at 
 present numbered 79, Grafton-street ; his school-rooms were 
 in Johnston's-court. Thomas Moore's father resided in this 
 court before his removal to Aungier-street ; and the locality 
 figured conspicuously in the scandalous chronicles of Dublin 
 during the first thirty years of the reign of George III. 
 Whyte's elementary treatise on the English language, printed
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 201 
 
 in 1761, though not published till 1800, exhibits his qualifica- 
 tions for the profession which he embraced ; and his talents 
 were so fully recognised that he was solicited in 1759 to ac- 
 cept the Professorship of the English Language in the Hiber- 
 nian Academy, founded in that year on the plan laid down by 
 Sheridan. Conceiving, however, that the latter had not been 
 honourably treated by the managers of the institution, he de- 
 clined the proffered chair, and applied himself assiduously to 
 the business of his own establishment, which advanced so ra- 
 pidly in reputation that before it had been many years founded 
 he was enabled to reckon among his pupils the sons and daugh- 
 ters of the principal families in Ireland. When the pressure 
 of accumulated difficulties obliged Thomas Sheridan, the Ma- 
 nager of Snook-alley Theatre, to retire to France, Whyte en- 
 deavoured to repay the obligations which he owed to his chief 
 friend and btnefactor. He not only rendered him pecuniary 
 assistance wHle abroad, but also, although himself a principal 
 creditor, prociredfor Sheridan, by great exertions, the benefit 
 of a statute peiding in 1766 for the relief of debtors. Having 
 failed to obtain the assent of any of the other creditors, Whyte 
 presented his petition, signed only by himself, to the House of 
 Commons, by vhom it was referred to a Parliamentary Com- 
 mittee, which \\hyte was ordered to attend : 
 
 " Viscount D>neraile and Viscount Northland, his earliest 
 and most steady Citrons, then in the Commons, received him 
 at the door, and, aking him by the hand, announced him to 
 the Committee, sajng, Here comes the worthy petitioner for 
 Mr. Sheridan.' Tds was an encouraging reception, and the 
 prelude to a more signal instance of favour in the sequel. 
 Standing at the foo of the table, the book, as is the usage, 
 was handed to him ; nit the test of an affidavit was dispensed 
 with. Mr. Tottenham immediately rose, and, addressing the 
 Chair, expatiated at s*ne length on the purport of the petition 
 before them, and the ^traordinary circumstance of its intro- 
 duction to the House. ^ creditor petitioning the Legislature
 
 202 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 in behalf of his debtor, he observed, was very much out of the 
 usual course, and the single instance of the kind, he believed, 
 that ever solicited the attention of Parliament. Among other 
 encomiums, of which he was by no means sparing, he said it 
 was a spirited and laudable exertion of friendship, evidently 
 proceeding from a disinterested principle, and, in his opinion, 
 merited particular consideration and respect, adding, ' I, there- 
 fore, move you, that petitioner shall not be put to his oath, but 
 the facts set forth in his petition admitted simply on his word.' 
 His motion was seconded by an instantaneous aye, aye! without 
 a dissenting voice A few questions were then put, purely, as 
 it were, for form's sake, and petitioner was dismissed with re- 
 peated testimonies of applause, and congratulations of success. 
 The creditors, most likely, either did not wist or imagine 
 he would carry his point; for when they found the business 
 effected, they appeared in a combination to abise him ; and 
 not only reproached him for meddling, as they called it, but 
 affected to look upon him as responsible to then for the whole 
 of their respective demands; because, as they alleged, he had 
 without their concurrence had recourse to Pailiament to their 
 prejudice, and deprived them of the means of prosecuting their 
 just claims. Some of them actually consuled counsel, and 
 took steps for the purpose of compelling hin to pay them out 
 of his own pocket. The idea may be now Lughed at ; but the 
 thing was very seriously menaced : and ir his situation, un- 
 hackneyed as he was in the ways of men ; jf a profession, too, 
 of all others the most exposed to anxiety md trouble, with, at 
 best, very inadequate compensation, it mist have been an ac- 
 cumulated grievance, and their vindicti e malice not a little 
 alarming." 
 
 Why te's son gave the following defcils of the subsequent 
 relations of his father with Thomas Steridan, whose difficul- 
 ties were perpetually augmented by hi own unswerving prin- 
 ciples of rectitude : 
 
 " The point being unexpectedlyobtained, Mr. Sheridan
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 203 
 
 quitted France, where he had been deserted by all his wealthy 
 and protesting friends, whom his warm prosperity had graced; 
 and was once more happily restored to his native land. He 
 arrived in Dublin the latter end of October, 1766; and on 
 Monday, February 2, following, appeared at Crow-street in 
 Hamlet, and continued performing there for fourteen nights 
 with his usual eclat, ending with ' MaskwelF in the ' Double- 
 dealer,' for his own benefit. That day, after dinner, he con- 
 sulted my father on the subject of calling a meeting of his credi- 
 tors, a point he had had some time in contemplation. My father 
 warmly opposed it ; conceiving it likely to involve him in fresh 
 embarrassments, by exciting expectations which could not be 
 gratified, and by implicated promises again endanger his per- 
 sonal safety, notwithstanding the measures recently adopted ; 
 upon the whole, as savouring more of ostentation, to which 
 my father was in all cases particularly averse, than any good 
 it could possibly produce. Perhaps his sincere wishes for the 
 real honour of Mr. Sheridan, coinciding with a disposition na- 
 turally zealous, made him over earnest in his remonstrances ; 
 some friends present not seeing, or, in compliment to Mr. 
 Sheridan, not choosing to see the affair in the light my father 
 took it, overruled the arguments he offered, and confirmed Mr. 
 Sheridan in his purpose ; however, he acknowledged the pro- 
 priety of being guarded; and on Tuesday, March 24, 1767, 
 the following advertisement appeared in Faulkner's Journal : 
 ' Mr. Sheridan desires to meet his creditors at the Music Hall in 
 Fishamble-street, on Thursday, the 2nd of April, at one o'clock, 
 in order to concert with them the most speedy and effectual me- 
 thod for disposing of his effects, and making a dividend.' My 
 father attended, as Mr. Sheridan made it a point, but purposely 
 delayed till the business of the congress was nearly settled, that 
 he might not be called on for his opinion. Soon after his en- 
 trance, Mr. Sheridan, who was on the look-out, accosted him : 
 Sam, I am glad to see you are come ;' my father bowed 
 * I perceive you are not satisfied with the measure.' Indeed,
 
 204 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 sir, I am not.' Mr. Sheridan paused, and, perhaps, on reflec- 
 tion, when too late, was convinced he had taken a precipitate 
 step. A coolness succeeded between the two friends; this 
 was fomented by the officiousness of others, which occasioned 
 a disunion of some continuance ; but not the smallest appear- 
 ance of animosity or recrimination occurred on either side ; 
 their spirit was above it ; on the contrary, many acts of kind- 
 ness and mutual good offices took place in the interval, which 
 showed a wish for the restoration of amity on both sides, if 
 any one about them had been honest enough to promote it. 
 My father, still bearing in mind the obligations he owed to Mrs. 
 Sheridan, who was the friend and parent of his youth, continued 
 without abatement his attachment to her children ; they, on 
 a proper occasion, interposed; the parties were brought to- 
 gether, and their difference no more was remembered. The 
 last office of kindness he had it in his power to render him 
 was at his lodgings in Frith-street, Soho. He supported him 
 from his apartment down-stairs, and helped him into the car- 
 riage that took him to Margate, where [August 14, 1788], 
 the ninth day after, death obliterated everything but his 
 virtues." 
 
 His illustrious pupil, Moore, has left the following notices 
 of Whyte, whom he addressed in one of his earliest poetical 
 attempts as the " heaven-born votary of the laurel'd Nine :" 
 
 " As soon as I was old enough to encounter the crowd of 
 a large school, it was determined that I should go to the best 
 then in Dublin, the Grammar-school of the well-known Samuel 
 Whyte, whom a reputation of more than thirty years' standing 
 had placed at that time at the head of his profession. The ta- 
 lent for recitation and acting which I had so very early mani- 
 fested was the talent, of all others, which my new schoolmaster 
 was most inclined to encourage ; and it was not long before I 
 attained the honour of being singled out by him on days of 
 public examination, as one of his most successful and popular 
 exhibiters, to the no small jealousy, as may be supposed, of all
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 205 
 
 other mammas, and the great glory of my own. As I looked 
 particularly infantine for my age, the wonder was, of course, 
 still more wonderful. 
 
 " To the drama, and all connected with it, Mr. Whyte 
 had been through his whole life warmly devoted, having lived 
 in habits of intimacy with the family of Brinsley Sheridan, as 
 well as with most of the other ornaments of the Irish stage in 
 the middle of the last century. Among his private pupils, too, 
 he had to number some of the most distinguished of our people 
 of fashion, both male and female ; and of one of the three beau- 
 tiful Misses Montgomery, who had been under his tuition, a 
 portrait hung in his drawing-room. In the direction of those 
 private theatricals, which were at that time so fashionable 
 among the higher circles in Ireland, he had always a leading 
 share. Besides teaching and training the young actors, he 
 took frequently a part in the dramatis persona; himself; and 
 either the prologue or epilogue was generally furnished by 
 his pen. Among the most memorable of the theatricals which 
 he assisted in, may be mentioned the performance of the 
 * Beggar's Opera' at Carton, the seat of the Duke of Leinster, 
 on which occasion the Rev. Dean Marlay, who was afterwards 
 Bishop of Waterford, besides performing the part of Lockit 
 in the opera, recited a prologue, of which he was himself the 
 author. The ' Peachum' of the night was Lord Charlemont ; 
 the 'Lucy,' Lady Louisa Conolly; and Captain Morris (I 
 know not whether the admirable song-writer) was the ' Mac- 
 heath.' At the representation of ' Henry IV.' by most of 
 the same party, at Castletown, a prologue written by my 
 schoolmaster had the high honour of being delivered by that 
 distinguished Irishman, Hussey Burgh ; and on another occa- 
 sion, when the 'Masque of Comus' was played at Marly, hismuse 
 was associated with one -glorious in other walks than those of 
 rhyme, the prologue of the piece being announced as written 
 by Mr. Whyte, and the epilogue by the Right Hon. Henry 
 Grattan.' In addition to his private pupils in the dilettante line
 
 206 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 of theatricals, Mr. Whyte was occasionally employed in giving 
 lessons on elocution to persons who meant to make the stage 
 their profession. One of these, a very pretty and interesting 
 girl, Miss Campion, became afterwards a popular actress both 
 in Dublin and London." 
 
 Whyte's taste for the drama and for poetry was early deve- 
 loped. In 1761 he had prepared two tragedies, the first of 
 which was founded on the story of Abradatas and Panthea, 
 in Xenophon's Cyropaedia; the plot of the second was iden- 
 tical with that of Walpole's " Mysterious Mother." A cha- 
 racter in one of these plays had been written expressly for 
 Thomas Sheridan, who undertook to perform it, and to have 
 the whole advantageously cast for representation, but Whyte 
 committed both tragedies to the flames, together with some 
 treatises which he had composed on English grammar. He 
 could not, however, so readily divest himself of his attachment 
 to poetry ; and at night, after the labours of his school had 
 been concluded, he spent many solitary hours in composing 
 verses. The first fruits of these labours appeared in 1772, in 
 a large quarto volume of more than 500 pages, entitled, " The 
 Shamrock ; or Hibernian Cresses : a collection of Poems, 
 Songs, Epigrams, &c., Latin as well as English, the original 
 production of Ireland ; to which are subjoined Thoughts on 
 the prevailing system of School Education, respecting young 
 Ladies as well as Gentlemen, with practical proposals for a 
 reformation, by Samuel Whyte, Principal of the English 
 Grammar School ;" Dublin : printed by K. Marchbank, in 
 Cole's-alley, Castle-street." This work was published for a 
 large number of subscribers, and the editor stated that tvvo- 
 thirdsof the verse, and the entireof the prose andnotes, had been 
 contributed by himself. At the annual examinations, Whyte 
 usually had a play performed by his pupils, and the specimens 
 of youthful proficiency exhibited on those occasions were mar- 
 vellous ; thus, in the prologue to the tragedy of " Cato," in 
 1771, the speaker, addressing the audience, said:
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 207 
 
 " We plead our years too I am, sirs, only seven ; 
 Our Marcia's nine, her father scarce eleven; 
 But, with great Cato's sentiments impress' d, 
 Honour and filial reverence fill each breast." 
 
 Whyte's pupils first performed this play on Christmas 
 Eve, 1771, at the little theatre in Capel-street, for the enter- 
 tainment of their private friends. " The Marquis of Kildare 
 one morning on the stage started the thought, that if these 
 boys repeated their play for the public at large, and money 
 were taken at the doors (which was not done at first), the 
 profits might be applied to some of the charitable institutions 
 of Dublin. Stuart, an actor, and a great oddity, clapped the 
 Marquis on the shoulder, with " A good move, my Lord." 
 " Why, I think it is, Mr. Stuart," replied Lord Kildare, with 
 the sense and good humour of his natural character. The plan 
 was adopted, and succeeded to the delight ofevery feeling mind." 
 
 The dramatis persona? were as follows : 
 
 "THEATRE ROYAL, CROW-STREET. 
 
 " For the relief of the confined debtors in the different 
 Marshalsea, on Thursday, the 2nd of January, 1772, will be 
 performed by the young gentlemen of the English Grammar 
 School, Grafton-street, the tragedy of CATO. Cato, Master 
 Whyte. Lucius, Master George Carleton. Sempronius, 
 Master John Bird. Juba, Master Anthony Gore. Syphax, 
 Master Marnell. Marcus, Master William Holmes. Por- 
 tius, Master Lynam. Decius, Master William Irvine. Lucia, 
 Master Gibson. Marcia, Master Nugent. With an occa- 
 sional prologue, by Master Richard Holmes. Dancing, be- 
 tween the acts, by Master M'Neil ; and singing by Master 
 Bird. After the play, by particular desire, Dry den's Alex- 
 ander's Feast, to be spoken by Master Whyte. Boxes, 
 11s. 4d. Pit, 5s. 5d. Gallery, 3s. 3d. Second Gallery, 
 2s. 2d. Stewards to the Chanty : Marquis of Kildare, Earl 
 of Bellamont, and Lord Dunluce." 
 
 The three beautiful Misses Montgomery, styled " The
 
 208 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Three Graces," superintended the decorations ; the band was 
 entirely composed of gentlemen, and Captain French and 
 Cap tain* Tisdal stood as sentries on the stage. The receipts of 
 the night, amounting to 262 5s. 8dL, were applied to pro- 
 curing the liberation of eighty poor debtors from the Marshal- 
 sea. The annual dramatic performances at Wbyte's Academy, 
 and the subsequently distinguished career of many of the 
 juvenile actors who engaged in them, were alluded to as fol- 
 lows in Master Benjamin Nun's address to his school-fellows, 
 at a public July examination, 1790, the speaker having just 
 completed his tenth year : 
 
 " How many here, these thirty years, have been 
 The little actors in this busy scene ! 
 Here, as the friend, the hero, or the sage, 
 Given the fair prospect of their future age ! 
 How many here performed the mimic play, 
 Like Tommy Moore, the Roscius of the day ! 
 Or, from this height, harangued the admiring train, 
 While echoing plaudits shook that crowded plain ! 
 Less pleasing cares their present thoughts engage ; 
 Less pure ambition rules their riper age. 
 Some rais'd aloft, who in the State preside, 
 To their own gain the nation's councils guide. 
 Some, on whose lips a crowd of clients dwell, 
 Swallow the fish, and give to each a shell. 
 On India some, or Artie's groaning shores, 
 From human sufferings heap their guilty stores ; 
 While some at home obnoxious places hold, 
 And part with honest fame for ribbons, chains, and gold ! 
 But happier some a better task pursue, 
 With Gospel showers tbe barren land bedew, 
 Among the sick their healing cares dispense, 
 Teach the young mind to ripen into sense, 
 Extract its riches from the generous soil, 
 Or crowd their native ports with foreign spoil ; 
 On formless matter life and shape bestow, 
 With new delights the paths of science strew, 
 Or, active, urge the manufacturing band, 
 While hundreds hang on their supporting hand."
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 209 
 
 W byte's gratification in thus publicly exhibiting the re- 
 sults of his scholastic labours was alloyed by the knowledge 
 that the ill-success in life of some of his pupils had been 
 ascribed to the taste for theatricals with which they had been 
 early imbued at his academy. With a view of discountenanc- 
 ing such aspersions, he wrote and published in 1790 a poem, 
 entitled "The Theatre, a didactic Essay; in the course of 
 which are pointed out the rocks and shoals to which deluded 
 adventurers are inevitably exposed." In 1792, Whyte's col- 
 lected poems were published by subscription, under the edi- 
 torship of his son, Edward Athenry Whyte, who became a 
 partner with his father in the management of the academy. 
 This volume, which passed through four editions, was the 
 premium generally presented by the author to the most dis- 
 tinguished of his pupils at the annual examinations ; the prizes 
 given to the less successful candidates consisted of neatly- 
 framed portraits of their master, engraved by Brocas from a 
 painting by Hamilton. Whyte felt severely the consequences 
 entailed on Dublin by the removal of the resident nobility and 
 gentry subsequent to the Union, which event he survived eleven 
 years, and died in Grafton-street on the 4th of October, 1811. 
 In addition to his poems, Whyte published the following 
 works : " Miscellanea Nova ; containing, amidst a variety of 
 other matters, curious and interesting, Remarks on Boswell's 
 Johnson ; with considerable additions, and some new anec- 
 dotes of that extraordinary character ; a Critique on Burger's 
 Leonora ; in which she is clearly proved of English extraction ; 
 and an Introductory Essay on the art of Reading and Speak- 
 ing in Public," 1800. "The Beauties of History," 2 vols. 
 12mo, addressed to the Hon. Mrs. Beresford. "The Juve- 
 nile Encyclopa:dia." " Matho ; or, the Cosmotheoria Pue- 
 rilis," edited by S. Whyte, and addressed to Mrs. Tisdal. 
 " Holberg's Universal History," edited by S. Whyte. " A 
 Short System of Rhetoric." " Hints to the Age of Reason." 
 " Practical Elocution," &c., &c. 
 VOL, in. p
 
 210 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Samuel Whyte's son, Edward A.Whyte, continued to con- 
 duct the business of the academy in Grafton-street until the 
 year 1824, when he finally closed the establishment, and retired 
 to London, where he ended his days. 
 
 Wolfe Tone details as follows the origin of his alliance with 
 his wife Matilda, who subsequently exhibited a noble example 
 of female fortitude and self-devotion : 
 
 "About the beginning of the year 1785 I became ac- 
 quainted with my wife. She was the daughter of William 
 Witherington, and lived, at that time, in Grafton-street, in the 
 house of her grandfather, a rich old clergyman, of the name of 
 Fanning. I was then a scholar of the House in the University, 
 and every day, after commons, I used to walk under her win- 
 dows with one or the other of my fellow- students ; I soon grew 
 passionately fond of her, and she also was struck with me, 
 though certainly my appearance, neither then or now [1796], 
 was much in my favour ; so it was, however, that, before we had 
 ever spoken to each other, a mutual affection had commenced 
 between us. She was, at this time, not sixteen years of age, and 
 as beautiful as an angel. She had a brother some years older 
 than herself; and as it was necessary, for rny admission to 
 the family, that I should be first acquainted with him, I soon 
 contrived to be introduced to him, and as he played well on 
 the violin, and as I was myself a musical man, we grew inti- 
 mate, the more so, as it may well be supposed I neglected 
 no fair means to recommend myself to him and the rest of the 
 family, with whom I soon grew a favourite. My affairs now 
 advanced prosperously ; my wife and I grew more passionately 
 fond of each other ; and, in a short time, I proposed to her to 
 marry me without asking consent of any one, knowing well it 
 would be vain to expect it ; she accepted the proposal as frankly 
 as I made it ; and one beautiful morning in the month of July 
 we ran off together and were married. I carried her out of 
 town to Maynooth for a few days, and when the first eclat of 
 passion had subsided, we were forgiven on all sides, and settled 
 in lodgings near my wife's grandfather."
 
 GRAFTON-STREKT. 211 
 
 The informer, Thomas Reynolds, became the husband of 
 the sister of Tone's wife ; to the latter Lucien Bonaparte al- 
 luded as follows in his address to the Council of Five Hundred 
 at Paris in 1 799 : 
 
 " It is precisely one year since, on the same day, and in the 
 same month, a court martial was assembled in Dublin, to try 
 a general officer in the service of our Republic. You have 
 heard the last words of this illustrious martyr of liberty. What 
 could I add to them ? You see him, under your own uniform, 
 in the midst of this assassinating tribunal, in the midst of this 
 awe-struck and affected assembly. You hear him exclaim : 
 ' After such sacrifices in the cause of liberty, it is no great effort 
 at this day to add the sacrifice of my life. I have courted 
 poverty ; I have left a beloved wife, unprotected, and children, 
 whom I adored, fatherless.' Pardon him, if he forgot, in these 
 last moments, that you were to be the fathers and protectors of 
 his Matilda and of his children. A few words more on the 
 widow of Theobald ; on his children. Calamity would have 
 overwhelmed a weaker soul. The death of her husband was not 
 the only one she had to deplore. His brother [Matthew Tone] 
 was condemned to the same fate ; and, with less good fortune 
 or less firmness, perished on the scaffold. If the services of 
 Tone were not sufficient, of themselves, to rouse your feelings, 
 I might mention the independent spirit and firmness of that 
 noble woman, who, on the tomb of her husband and of her 
 brother, mingles, with her sighs, aspirations for the deliverance 
 of Ireland. I would attempt to give you an idea of that Irish 
 spirit which is blended in her countenance, with the expression 
 of her grief. Such were those women of Sparta, who, on the 
 return of their countrymen from battle, when, with anxious 
 looks, they ran over the ranks and missed amongst them their 
 sons, their husbands, and their brothers, exclaimed, He died 
 for his country ; he died for the Republic.' " 
 
 Patrick Byrne, an eminent bookseller, removed in 1 784 
 from College-green to No. 108, Graf 'ton-street, next to the Irish 
 p 2
 
 212 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Academy House, where he published the principal pamphlets 
 of the time in favour of Parliamentary lleforra and Catholic 
 Emancipation. Among the works issued by Byrne was Wolfe 
 Tone's second essay in pamphleteering, published in 1790, under 
 the title of " An inquiry how far Ireland is bound, of right, 
 to embark in the impending contest on the side of Great Bri- 
 tain: addressed to the Members of both Houses of Parliament." 
 Relative to this production, its author has left the following 
 anecdote : 
 
 "On the appearance of a rupture with Spain, I wrote a 
 pamphlet to prove that Ireland was not bound by the declara- 
 tion of war, but might, and ought, as an independent nation, 
 to stipulate for a neutrality. In examining this question, I 
 advanced the question of separation with scarcely any reserve, 
 much less disguise ; but the public mind was by no means so 
 far advanced as 1 was, and my pamphlet made not the smallest 
 impression. The day after it appeared, as I stood perdue in the 
 bookseller's shop, listening after my own reputation, Sir Henry 
 Cavendish, a notorious slaveof the House of Commons, entered, 
 and thro wing my unfortunate pamphlet on the counter in a rage, 
 exclaimed, ' Mr. Byrne, if the author of that work is serious, 
 he ought to be hanged.' Sir Henry was succeeded by a Bishop, 
 an English Doctor of Divinity, with five or six thousand a 
 year, laboriously earned in the Church. His Lordship's anger 
 was not much less than that of the other personage. * Sir,' 
 said he, ' if the principles contained in that abominable work 
 were to spread, do you know that you would have to pay for 
 your coals at the rate of five pounds a ton ?' Notwithstanding 
 these criticisms, which I have faithfully quoted against myself, 
 I continue to think my pamphlet a good one ; but apparently 
 the publisher, Mr. Byrne, was of a different opinion, for I have 
 every reason to believe that he suppressed the whole impres- 
 sion, for which his own Gods damn him." 
 
 Hamilton Rowan, when prosecuted by the Government in 
 1794, selected Byrne to publish the authorized report of his
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 213 
 
 trial, which, with Rowan's usual philanthropy, was sold for the 
 benefit of the distressed manufacturers. 
 
 " There is not a day," said Curran, " that you hear the 
 cries of your starving manufacturers in your streets, that you 
 do not also see the advocate of their sufferings that you do 
 not see his honest and manly figure, with uncovered head, so- 
 liciting for their relief; searching the frozen heart of charity 
 for every string that can be touched by compassion, and urging 
 the force of every argument and every motive, save that which 
 his modesty suppresses the authority of his own generous 
 example. Or if you see him not there, you may trace his steps to 
 the abode of disease, and famine, and despair, the messenger of 
 Heaven, bearing with him food, and medicine, and consolation." 
 
 The following dialogue took place between Byrne and the 
 Chief Justice of the King's Bench, relative to the publication 
 of the trial after the imprisonment of Rowan : 
 
 " Lord Clonmel. Your servant, Mr. Byrne ; I perceive 
 you have advertised Mr. Rowan's trial. 
 
 " Byrne. The advertisement, my Lord, is Mr. Rowan's, 
 he has selected me as his publisher, which I think an honour, 
 and I hope it will be profitable. 
 
 " Lord Clonmel. Take care, sir, what you do ; I give you 
 this caution ; for if there are any reflections on the Judges of 
 the land, by the eternal G I will lay you by the heels ! 
 
 " Byrne. I have many thanks to return your Lordship for 
 your caution ; I have many opportunities of going to Newgate, 
 but I have never been ambitious of that honour, and I hope in 
 this case to stand in the same way. Your Lordship knows I 
 have but one principle in trade, which is to make money of it, 
 and that if there were two publications giving different fea- 
 tures to the trial, I would publish both. There is a trial pub- 
 lished by M'Kenzie. 
 
 " Lord Clonmel. I did not know that; but say what you 
 may on the subject, if you print or publish what may inflame 
 the mob, it behoves the Judges of the land to notice it ; and I
 
 214 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 tell you by the eternal G , if you publish or misstate my ex- 
 pressions, I will lay you by the heels ! One of Mr. Rowan's 
 advocates set out with an inflammatory speech, misstating 
 what I said, and stating what I did not say. I immediately 
 denied it, and appealed to the Court and gentlemen in it, and 
 they all contradicted him, as well as myself. These speeches 
 were made for the mob, to mislead and inflame them, which I 
 feel it my duty to curb. If the publication is intended to abuse 
 me, I don't value it; I have been so long in the habit of receiv- 
 ing abuse, that it will avail little ; but I caution you how you 
 publish it ; for if I find anything reflecting on or misstating 
 me, I will take care of you. 
 
 " Byrne. I should hope Mr. Rowan has too much honour 
 to have anything misstated or inserted in his trial that would 
 involve his publisher. 
 
 " Lord Clonmel. What ! is Mr. Rowan preparing his own 
 trial? 
 
 " Byrne He is, my Lord. 
 
 " Lord Clonmel. Oho, oho ! that is a different thing. 
 That gentleman would not have been better used by me, 
 standing in the situation he did, if he was one of the Princes of 
 the blood. 
 
 " Byrne. My Lord, Mr. Rowan being his own printer, 
 you know he will publish his own trial ; I stand only as his 
 publisher. 
 
 " Lord Clonmel. Even as his publisher, I will take care 
 of you ; and I have no objection to this being known. 
 
 " Byrne. I return your Lordship many thanks." 
 
 Byrne's shop in Grafton-street was the usual literary ren- 
 dezvous of the United Irishmen, and the publisher, himself 
 a member of that association, was the first Roman Catholic 
 admitted into the guild of Booksellers, after the relaxation of 
 the Penal Laws in 1793. One of the most constant visitors to 
 his establishmentfrom the year 1796 was Captain John Warne- 
 ford Armstrong, of the King's County Militia, whose regiment
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 215 
 
 was stationed in 1798 at the camp of Loughlinstown. Arm- 
 strong, then about twenty-nine years of age, openly avowed 
 anti-monarchical principles, and was in the habit of purchasing 
 from Byrne publications of republican and deistical tenden- 
 cies. Having led the bookseller to believe that his political 
 sentiments coincided Avith those of the United Irishmen, he 
 procured from him in 1798 an introduction to the brothers 
 Sheares, who were then engaged in maturing their revolu- 
 tionary organization. 
 
 " Armstrong, on leaving Byrne's on the 10th of May, im- 
 mediately proceeded to his brother officer, Captain Clibborn, 
 and informed him of what passed. The latter advised him to 
 * give the Sheares a meeting.' He then returned to Byrne's 
 late the same day, andremained there tillHenry arrived. Byrne 
 led him to the inner part of the shop, toward a private room, 
 and introduced him to Sheares in these terms : ' All I can 
 say to you, Mr. Sheares, is that Captain Armstrong is a true 
 brother, and you may depend on him/ They remained at the 
 entrance of the private room ; but Henry Sheares declined any 
 conversation, * except in the presence of his brother. ' Arm- 
 strong said ' he had no objection to wait until his brother came.' 
 Henry, however, declined to wait ; and shortly after, John 
 Sheares arrived, and was introduced to him by Byrne. John 
 Sheares told Captain Armstrong, ' he knew his principles very 
 well.' He then solicited him ' to join the cause by action, as he 
 knew he had done by inclination ;' and Armstrong replied, ' he 
 was ready to do everything in his power for it, and if he could 
 show him how he could do anything, he would serve him to the 
 utmost of his power.' Sheares then informed him, he states, 
 that the rising was very near; * they could not wait for the 
 French, but had determined on a home effort ;' and the prin- 
 cipal way he could assist them was by gaining over the soldiers, 
 and consulting about taking the camp at Lehaunstown. John 
 Sheares then made an appointment with him for the following 
 Sunday, at his house in Baggot-street ; and on that day he
 
 216 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 went and found Henry only at home. He apologized for leav- 
 ing him on the former occasion, ' having had to attend a com- 
 mittee that day.' The Informer states, he then asked about 
 the camp, where it was most vulnerable ? how to be most ad- 
 vantageously attacked ? John came in, and spoke about the 
 necessity of gaining over the soldiers, and then informed Arm- 
 strong, that their intention was to seize the camp, the artillery 
 at Chapelizod, and the city of Dublin, in one night : there was 
 to be an hour and a half between the seizing of the camp and 
 Dublin, an hour between seizing Dublin, and Chapelizod ; so 
 that the news of both rnighf arrive at the same time. The 13th, 
 on Sunday night, at 1 1 o'clock, by appointment, Armstrong 
 had another interview with the brothers at their house, for the 
 purpose of getting the name of some soldiers in his regiment 
 who were known to the United Irishmen." 
 
 Having insinuated himself into the confidence of the bro- 
 thers, Armstrong carefully noted down their conversations, 
 which were immediately reported to Government. " I never," 
 said he, "had an interview with the Sheares, that I had not one 
 with Colonel L'Estrange and Captain Clibborn, and my Lord 
 Castlereagh." Not satisfied with the amount of information 
 so obtained, Armstrong obtained admission to the domestic 
 circle of the Sheares, and, within a few hours after quitting 
 their table, lodged depositions, which led his hosts to the 
 scaffold. Byrne, whose integrity to his party was unim- 
 peachable, was arrested in his own house by his neighbour, 
 Alderman Exshaw, conducted to the Castle, subjected to a 
 strict examination, and committed to Newgate on the 21st of 
 May, 1798. He was subsequently permitted to retire to 
 America, whence he never returned to his native land. 
 
 Among the other booksellers and publishers in Grafton- 
 street before the Union were, William Ross (17&5); Samuel 
 Watson, No. 71 (1785) ; John Parker (1786); George Draper 
 (1790); John Milliken, No. 32 (1791); Bernard Dornin, No. 
 33 (1792); E. M. Butler (1793); William Porter, No. 69
 
 GRAFTON-STRKET. 217 
 
 (1796) ; Alderman John Exshaw, No. 98 (1782), publisher of 
 " Exshaw's Magazine." On St. Patrick's Day, 1797, the first 
 regiment of "Royal Dublin Volunteers," commanded by this 
 bookseller, was presented by Miss Exshaw, at his house, with 
 elegant stands of colours, richly embroidered by herself, and 
 accompanied with an address. John Jones, of No. Ill, Grafton- 
 street, opposite to the College, was the publisher of the " Senti- 
 mental and Masonic Magazine," commenced in July, 1792, and 
 concluded in June, 1795. William Paulett Carey engraved 
 several plates, and wrote a considerable quantity of verse for 
 this magazine, the chief poetical contributors being John Bre- 
 nan, M. D., W. E. O'Brien, and Thomas Moore, who tells us 
 that, but for the interference of his mother, his portrait was to 
 have been published in this periodical by Carey. Moore's con- 
 tributions to the " Sentimental Magazine" included " Ana- 
 creontique to a Bee ;" " Myrtilla, to the unfortunate Maria, a 
 pastoral ballad ;" " The Shepherd's Farewell, a pastoral bal- 
 lad ;" and a poem styled " Friendship." Jones, the publisher 
 of the Magazine, was succeeded in Grafton-street, in 1797, by 
 a bookseller named Rice. 
 
 James Reilly, a water-colour miniature painter of merit, 
 resided at No. 17, Grafton-street, from 1774 to his death 
 in 1788 ; and in the year 1776 Edward Hudson, a native 
 of Castlemartyr, county of Cork, the most eminent dentist 
 of his day in Ireland, removed from George's-lane to No. 
 69, Grafton-street, nearly opposite to Anne-street, where he 
 continued to reside for many years. Distinguished no less for 
 wit and intellectual acquirements than for professional skill, 
 Hudson became the associate of the leading characters of his 
 time; and on the formation of the "Monks of St. Patrick," 
 the important office of Bursar to that fraternity was conferred 
 upon him. John Philpot Curran, in his early struggles, was 
 much indebted to the friendship and liberality of Hudson, who, 
 in predicting the future eminence of his despondent friend, 
 inculcated such sentiments as the following : 
 
 " Consider now and then, Jack, what you are destined for j
 
 218 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 and never, even in your distresses, draw consolation from so 
 ID can a thought as that your abilities may one day render your 
 circumstances easy or affluent ; but that you may one day have 
 it in your power to do justice to the wronged to wipe the 
 tear from the widow or orphan, will afford the satisfaction that 
 is worthy of a man." " It would be injustice," says Curran's 
 son, "to suppress another passage. Having a little before 
 chided his friend for neglecting to inform him of the state of 
 his finances, Mr. Hudson goes on : 
 
 " ' I think I shall be a man of no small fame to-morrow or 
 next day, and though 'tis but the fame of a dentist, yet if that 
 of an honest man is added to it, I shall not be unhappy. Write 
 speedily to me, and if you are in want, think I shall not be 
 satisfied with my fortunes believe me, I shall never think I 
 make a better use of my possessions than when such a friend 
 as Jack can assist me in their uses.' " 
 
 With Edward Hudson in Graf ton-street resided his cousin 
 and namesake, Edward Hudson the younger, who gave early 
 indications of superior talents. Thomas Moore, who became 
 acquainted with him in 1797, tells us " that he was a remark- 
 ably fine and handsome young man, who could not have been 
 at that time more than two or three and twenty years of age ;" 
 and adds that 
 
 " Though educated merely for the purposes of his profes- 
 sion, he was full of zeal and ardour for everything connected 
 with the fine arts, drew with much taste himself, and was pas- 
 sionately devoted to Irish music. He had with great industry 
 collected and transcribed all our most beautiful airs, and used 
 to play them with much feeling on the flute. I," adds Moore, 
 " attribute, indeed, a good deal of my own early acquaintance 
 with our music, if not the warm interest which I have since 
 taken in it, to the many hours I passed at this time of my life 
 tete-a-tete with Edward Hudson, now trying over the sweet 
 melodies of our country, now talking with indignant feelings of 
 her sufferings and wrongs." 
 
 This young dentist became a most intimate friend of Moore,
 
 GRAFTON-STRfcET. 219 
 
 and was the only person intrusted with the secret of the latter 
 having contributed political essays to the " Press" newspaper. 
 Moore has himself enabled us to judge how far the origin of 
 his Irish Melodies is attributable to Edward Hudson, erro- 
 neously, however, stating that the latter was the nephew of 
 his elder namesake : 
 
 " It was in the year 1797," writes the Poet, " that, through 
 the medium of Mr. Bunting's book, I was first made acquainted 
 with the beauties of our native music. A young friend of our 
 family, Edward Hudson, the nephew of an eminent dentist of 
 that name, who played with much taste and feeling on the flute, 
 and, unluckily for himself, was but too deeply warmed with 
 the patriotic ardour then kindling around him, was the first 
 who made known to me this rich mine of our country's melo- 
 diesa mine, from the working of which my humble labours as 
 a poet have since then derived their sole lustre and value." 
 
 Edward Hudson, the elder, repeatedly declined pressing 
 solicitations to join the society of United Irishmen. His 
 cousin, however, became deeply involved in their plans, and 
 was appointed one of their provincial delegates, in which capa- 
 city he was sitting in council when arrested in March, 1798, 
 as noticed in our account of Bridge-street. Of Hudson's 
 imprisonment, Moore has left the following reminiscence : 
 
 " When, in consequence of the compact entered into be- 
 tween Government and the chief leaders of the conspiracy, 
 the State Prisoners, before proceeding into exile, were allowed 
 to see their friends, I paid a visit to this gentleman [Edward 
 Hudson] in the Jail of Kilmainham, where he had then lain 
 immured for four or five months, hearing of friend after friend 
 being led out to death, and expecting every week his own turn 
 to come. As painting was one of his tastes, I found that, to 
 amuse his solitude, he had made a large drawing with charcoal 
 on the wall of his prison, representing that fancied origin of 
 the Irish harp, which, some years after, I adopted as the sub- 
 ject of one of the Melodies:
 
 220 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 " "Tis believ'd that this harp, which I wake now for thee, 
 "Was a Syren of old, who sung under the sea ; 
 And who often, at eve, thro' the bright waters rov'd, 
 To meet, on the green shore, a youth whom she lov'd. 
 
 But she lov'd him in vain, for he left her to weep, 
 And in tears, all the night, her gold tresses to steep ; 
 Till Heav'n looked with pity on true love so warm, 
 And chang'd to this soft Harp the sea-maiden's form. 
 
 Still her bosom rose fair still her cheeks smil'd the same 
 While her sea beauties gracefully form'd the light frame ; 
 And her hair as, let loose, o'er her white arm it fell, 
 "Was .chang'd to bright chords, utt'ring melody's spell.' " 
 
 The allegorical design here commemorated was not con- 
 ceived in the cell at Kilmainham, the sketch made by the 
 prisoner being a reproduction of a vignette drawn by the 
 elder Hudson, and prefixed to an ode for St. Cecilia's day, 
 written by him, and printed for private circulation. The 
 younger Hudson formed one of the Irish State prisoners con- 
 fined in Fort George, after his liberation from which he retired 
 to America, where he married the daughter of Patrick Byrne, 
 the exiled publisher, and died in Philadelphia about the year 
 1821. The elder Hudson wrote several anonymous political 
 and scientific treatises ; dental surgery was by him first ele- 
 vated to the rank of a profession in Ireland ; and through his 
 instructions, his nephew, Robert Blake, further advanced the 
 reputation of the country in this branch of science by his highly 
 valued " Essay on the Structure and Formation of the Teeth in 
 Man and various Animals ; being' principally a translation of 
 his Inaugural Dissertation published at Edinburgh, Septem- 
 ber, 1798:" 8vo, Dublin, 1801. Edward Hudson, the elder, 
 died in 1821, at the age of seventy -nine years. His son, William 
 Elliot Hudson, who died in 1853, laboured with much energy 
 to advance the study and publication of the historic literature 
 of Ireland, leaving, on his death, his collection of manuscripts
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 22 1, 
 
 and printed books to the Royal Irish Academy, together with 
 a donation of 500 towards the preparation and publication 
 of a Dictionary of the Irish language. 
 
 From the period of the opening of Carlisle Bridge, the 
 private residences in Grafton-street became gradually con- 
 verted into shops. The "Black Lyon Inn" was located at 
 the corner of Anne-street (1762), and the "City Tavern" 
 (1787) also stood in Grafton-street. The " Incorporated So- 
 ciety for the Promotion of Protestant Schools" held their 
 committees in this street, previous to the erection of their 
 house in Suffolk -street (1758) ; the tallow-chandlers, or 
 " Guild of St. George,' had their hall in Grafton-street 
 (1783); and there were also several lottery offices here, of 
 which the best known was the "Lion's Office," No. 101, cor- 
 ner of Suffolk-street. The notorious Catherine Netterville 
 (1780) had a magnificent residence in Grafton-street, which 
 was the scene of the suicide of Mr. Stone of Jamaica, her in- 
 sane paramour. 
 
 A striking illustration of the popular error relative to the 
 value of the farthings of Queen Anne was furnished by the 
 consequences of the discovery, in 1814, of one of these coins 
 by George Home, an assistant in the shop of J. Miller, con- 
 fectioner, No. 3, Grafton-street. Home's refusal to surrender 
 the coin, received in his employer's shop, was made the ground 
 of a criminal prosecution, and he was sentenced by the Re- 
 corder of Dublin to be confined for twelve months in Newgate, 
 and subsequently imprisoned until he gave up the farthing 
 the Court being ignorant that the scarcest of Queen Anne's 
 farthings is not worth more than five pounds, the generality of 
 them not exceeding a few shillings in value. The wealth 
 accumulated by his subsequent industry enabled Home to 
 erect the "Royal Arcade;" his success was, however, popu- 
 larly ascribed to his having found a farthing of Queen Anne. 
 
 The Dublin Society the early history of which has been 
 given in our second volume erected, in 1766, an extensive
 
 222 HISTORY OF THK CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 house on the western side of Grafton-street, in which they 
 assembled for the first time on the 3rd of December, 1767. 
 Here they continued to pursue with energy the objects for 
 which they had been chartered, labouring also to promote 
 native manufactures by their supervision of the " Irish Wool- 
 len Warehouse," in Castle-street, and the " Irish Silk Ware- 
 house" in Parliament-street, already noticed. In 1772 the 
 Society appointed a Committee for the purpose of investigating 
 the history and antiquities of Ireland, of the two initiatory 
 meetings of which the following reports have been preserved 
 in their unpublished records : 
 
 " Dublin Society, May 14, 1772. Resolved, That a stand- 
 ing Committee be appointed to inquire into the antient state 
 of arts and literature, and into the other antiquities of Ireland; 
 to examine the several tracts and manuscripts in the possession 
 of the Society which have not been published ; and also all 
 other tracts on those subjects of which the said Committee can 
 obtain the perusal. Resolved, That the said Committee do 
 consist of the President, Vice-Presidents, the Secretaries, the 
 Treasurer, and the following Members of this Society : Lord 
 Charlemont, Lord Moira, Sir Lucius O'Brien, Bart., Lord 
 Bishop of Cloyne, Lord Bishop of Derry, Right Hon. Speaker 
 of the House of Commons, Robert French, Esq., Rev. Dr. Le- 
 
 land, Caldwell, Esq., Major Vallancey. Resolved, That 
 
 our worthy Member, Sir Lucius O'Brien, Bart., be requested 
 to preside as Chairman in the said Committee. 
 
 " Monday, 18th May, 1772. At a meeting of the Select 
 Committee of Antiquarians, Sir Lucius O'Brien, Bart., in the 
 chair, Resolved, That the Rev. Dr. Thomas Leland and 
 Charles Vallancey, Esq., be appointed Secretaries to the Com- 
 mittee for the present year. Resolved, That the Rev. Dr. 
 Peter Chaigneau be appointed Assistant Secretary and Li- 
 brarian to this Committee for the present year. Resolved, 
 That the Members of this Committee will each subscribe 
 the sum of three guineas annually towards the expense of
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 223 
 
 this undertaking, and that the same be paid into the hands 
 of our Assistant Secretary, Dr. Chaigneau. Resolved, That 
 this Committee will employ Maurice O'Gorman as their amanu- 
 ensis at the rate of five guineas per quarter. Resolved, That 
 the appointment of this Committee be notified to the public 
 by an advertisement in the ' Dublin Journal ;' and that a 
 request of the Committee be made in the said advertisement, 
 that such persons as are desirous, and have it in their power, 
 to assist the Committee in their researches, and contribute to 
 this national undertaking, will communicate the titles of such 
 ancient Irish manuscripts as may be in their hands, and an 
 account of such other materials as they are possessed of, and 
 which they think may be useful in forwarding the designs of 
 the Committee; directed to Dr. Chaigneau, at the Dublin 
 Society's House in Graftoii-street." 
 
 The Society, under its corporate seal, authorized the Che- 
 valier Thomas O'Gorman to apply, in its name, to the College 
 of the Lombards, at Paris, and to such other bodies as he might 
 have an opportunity of visiting, for copies of any manuscripts, 
 ancient records, or other materials in their possession, illustrat- 
 ing the history and antiquities of Ireland. The College of the 
 Lombards, of which Charles O'Neill was Principal, and Lau- 
 rence Kelly, Prefect of the Irish Community, promptly re- 
 sponded to the application of the Antiquarian Committee, and 
 convened a public meeting at their College on the llth of 
 March, 1773, presided over by Richard Dillon, Archbishop 
 and Primate of Narbonne, to which all persons connected with 
 Ireland were invited. These proceedings resulted in the esta- 
 blishment of an auxiliary branch at Paris, and the College 
 of the Lombards promised to furnish the Society with a tran- 
 script of the "Book of Leacan," the only important manuscript 
 in their possession. Amongst those who took an active part 
 in the proceedings of the Dublin Committee were Dr. John 
 Carpenter, Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, Sylvester O'Hal- 
 loran, and Charles O'Conor. To the latter was committed the
 
 224 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 task of preparing for the press the manuscript of O' Flaherty's 
 " Ogygia Vindicated," purchased by the Committee for twenty 
 guineas from a Mr. Wilton of Galway, and published in 1775. 
 The Committee compiled a set of sixteen queries on subjects 
 connected with the subjects of their investigations, and ordered 
 two thousand copies of them to be printed for circulation among 
 the clergymen and most respectable inhabitants of the various 
 parishes in Ireland ; they also published in the principal Con- 
 tinental journals statements of their objects. The meetings of 
 the Antiquarian Committee were generally held at 7 P. M. in 
 Trinity College Library, and they assembled for the last time 
 on the 24th February, 1774. 
 
 The Dublin Society's three Schools for the gratuitous in- 
 struction of youths in figure-drawing, landscape and ornamental 
 drawing, and architecture, were located at the rere of their 
 house in Grafton-street, and entered through a gateway which 
 still exists. In October, 1770, Francis Robert West was 
 elected Master of the School of Figure-drawing, as successor 
 of Jacob Ennis, noticed in an account of Shaw's-court. 
 
 " When I," writes J. D. Herbert, "was sixteen years old, I 
 obtained three tickets from a Member of the Royal Dublin 
 Society to admit me as a pupil to be instructed in drawing : 
 this was the usual mode of introduction. I first went to the 
 Architectural School: Mr. Ivory was master, a gentle, urbane 
 character, but he appeared in a delicate state of health ; he con- 
 signed me to his apprentice, Mr. H. A. Baker ; he put me 
 to draw, and showed me the manner of using the instruments. 
 I next went to the Landscape and Ornament School, Mr. 
 Waldron the master ; his appearance was not flattering, nor 
 did his severe look and habitual frown encourage me to stay 
 long at his beck ; for he seldom spoke, which was, I thought, 
 a fortunate thing for me, his manner was so truly cheerless : 
 I remained at his school about a month, and then I repaired 
 to the Figure School. When I entered the Figure Room I 
 was struck with the number of casts from the antique, the
 
 GRAFTON-STREET. 225 
 
 Hercules, Laocb'on, &c., and felt a wish and hoped to be able 
 to draw from those. In some time I delivered my card to 
 the master, Mr. Francis Robert West, a worthy, good-hearted 
 man, but of peculiar manner : in person he was a smart, little, 
 dapper man, very voluble in speech and rapid in delivery, 
 used much action, even his features underwent many changes 
 opening his eyes wide, raising his eyebrows considerably, 
 and extending his mouth his language good, yet he was sub- 
 ject to digression and habitual conclusive words, such as, 'yes, 
 yes,' * doubtless,' * no doubt,' and other pet phrases, which 
 seemed to carry decision in all his harangues ; add to these a 
 peculiar quaintness of manner, an averted eye, and a simpli- 
 city of look, rendered him quite a character. I presented my 
 card ; he just looked at it, then glanced at me, and, with head 
 averted, said, ' So you are come to draw the human figure.' I 
 then directed his attention to the back of the card, on which 
 was written, by the gentleman who gave it me, an order to be 
 furnished with drawing materials, and he would pay for them. 
 During his reading he was assailed by a number of boys with 
 their sketches for his opinion: he dispatched them quickly 
 with, to one, ' the nose more in, the chin more out ;' to another, 
 * your head is too large ;' 'your's has not got the turn ;' 'you must 
 place your figure in the centre;' 'dash it out and begin again;' 
 ' your mouth is too much open, and your eyes shut you must 
 shut your mouth and open your eyes.' Having, in routine, 
 given directions, he finished the reading of the card. Another 
 boy, with a finished drawing, as he thought, submitted his 
 production : ' Oh ! you have no character, you must labour 
 until you get it ; compare it and amend.' Then, leaving his 
 desk, he walked to the folding doors which opened to the 
 figure room and, calling John, he returned in quick pace to 
 his post. John returned with the materials, and Mr. West 
 sketched a profile of a head before me to show me how to begin : 
 he did it very expertly and with great freedom of hand. He 
 then desired John to place me at a desk with Master Shee. 
 
 VOL. III. Q
 
 226 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 So," adds Herbert, "John led me to the desk, and I was most 
 happily placed, for Master Shee, though some years my junior, 
 was capable and willing to assist me ; we also drew together 
 at the Architectural School, and I was induced to put up a 
 sheet of geometry for the medal, but it was adjudged to 
 Master Shee, as was every medal he looked for in any of the 
 schools." 
 
 In addition to various medals which Martin Archer Shee 
 obtained for his performances in these Schools, the Dublin So- 
 ciety, in November, 1786, presented him a silver palette, with 
 a suitable inscription, in testimony of their approbation of his 
 drawings from the life. He subsequently removed to London, 
 published "Rhymes on Art," and the " Elements of Art," and 
 was elected President of the Royal Academy, as successor to 
 Sir Thomas Lawrence, in 1830. Byron noticed the Dublin 
 poet and artist as follows in his " English Bards and Scotch 
 Reviewers :" 
 
 " And here let Shee, and Genius, find a place, 
 Whose pen and pencil yield an equal grace ; 
 To guide whose hand the sister arts combine, 
 And trace the poet's or the painter's line ; 
 Whose magic touch can bid the canvas glow, 
 Or pour the easy rhyme's harmonious flow ; 
 While honours, doubly merited, attend 
 The poet's rival, but the painter's Mend." 
 
 Henry Aaron Baker was, in February, 1787, elected to 
 succeed Thomas Ivory, deceased, as Master of the School for 
 Architectural Drawing. Among the eminent artists educated 
 in the Dublin Society's Academy in Graft on-street may be 
 noticed Richard Morrison, the distinguished architect, and 
 John Comerford, the miniature painter. 
 
 In March, 1 795, the establishment of a Botanic Garden 
 at Glasnevin was finally resolved upon by the Dublin Society, 
 the last meeting of which, in Grafton-street, was held on 
 the 4th of August, 1796; and, immediately afterwards, they
 
 GRAFTON-STREKT. 227 
 
 sold, for 3000, their interest in the House and Drawing 
 Schools here ; on the site of the former, the buildings known 
 as 1 12 and 1 13, Grafton-street, have since been erected. In ad- 
 dition to its annual grant of 500, the Dublin Society, while 
 located in Grafton-street, from 1771 to 1 796, received from the 
 Parliament of Ireland subsidies to the amount of 116,500. 
 
 In the year 1 766 a building styled the " Navigation House," 
 for the use of the Commissioners of Inland Navigation, was 
 erected on portion of a vacant plot of ground on the western 
 side of Grafton-street, next to the Dublin Society's house, 
 in pursuance of a statute passed in 1765, enacting: "That it 
 should be lawful to and for the Corporation for promoting and 
 carrying on an inland navigation in Ireland to apply so much 
 of the duties vested in them by Act of Parliament as should 
 be necessary for building and furnishing a convenient house 
 within the city or county of Dublin, and furnishing the same 
 with proper accommodations for the reception of the said Cor- 
 poration and assistants to meet and assemble in for putting in 
 execution the several powers and authorities vested in them 
 by law." 
 
 These Commissioners had been incorporated in 1752, and 
 provided by Government with a large annual revenue for 
 the purpose of opening the navigation of the Shannon. The 
 mismanagement of the members of the Corporation, constituted 
 exclusively of nominees of the English Government, were 
 soon rendered apparent by their undertaking, at nearly the 
 same time, twenty-three different works ; it having also been 
 found that their expenditure of nearly 600,000 was not at- 
 tended with equivalent results, the Board was dissolved in 
 1786. 
 
 About the year 1782 a literary society, styled the " Pa- 
 laeosophers," was established in the University of Dublin, with 
 the object of investigating ancient learning, particularly the 
 Fathers of the Church. " Dr. Perceval had just returned from 
 the Continent, and introduced the new system of chemistry, 
 Q2
 
 228 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 then almost totally unknown, and little attended to in this 
 country. The investigation of this had excited a kindred zeal 
 in the pursuit of other sciences ; and Dr. Perceval proposed to 
 Dr. Ussher to establish a new society to promote it. In the 
 year 1785, therefore, another association was formed. Their 
 object was the investigation of science and modern literature, 
 and they denominated themselves * Neosophers :' into this the 
 ' Palaeosophers' in a short time merged. They met at each 
 other's houses, dined together once every fortnight, read es- 
 says, and debated : they kept regular journals of their pro- 
 ceedings, but published no transactions. From these ema- 
 nated the lioyal Irish Academy, combining and enlarging the 
 objects of both the former, and having distinct Committees for 
 the investigation of Science, Antiquities, and Polite Literature. 
 The original "Neosophers" were Drs. Ussher, Marsh, R. Stack, 
 Hall, Young, Hamilton, Waller, Kearney, Fellows of Trinity 
 College, Dublin ; Drs. Perceval and Purcell, Physicians ; 
 Messrs. W. Ball and W. Preston, barristers." 
 
 The following is the report of the first meeting of the Irish 
 Academy recorded in the archives of the Institution : 
 
 " At a meeting of the original members of the Irish Aca- 
 demy of Sciences, Polite Literature, and Antiquities, held at 
 Lord Charlemont's, April 18, 1785, the following resolutions 
 were agreed to : 
 
 " 1 . That the Irish Academy of Sciences, Polite Literature, 
 and Antiquities, do consist of aPresident, a Council of eighteen, 
 and an indefinite number of members. 
 
 " 2. That the Council be divided into three Committees, 
 each consisting of six members, which Committees shall have 
 for their objects, respectively, the departments of Science, Po- 
 lite Literature, and Antiquities. 
 
 "3. That each of these Committees meet every third week, 
 and be empowered to form By-laws for the regulation of their 
 several meetings, at each of which meetings every Member of 
 the Academy shall be invited to assist.
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. . 229 
 
 " 4. That a Committee of Finance be appointed, consisting 
 of six members, two to be chosen out of each of the afore-men- 
 tioned Committees. 
 
 "5. That there be two public general meetings of the 
 Academy in the year, at which meeting's the titles of the pub- 
 lications which have been approved of by the several Commit- 
 tees shall be read, and candidates shall be balloted for, such 
 as shall have signified their intentions of proposing themselves 
 as members six weeks at least before the public meeting. 
 
 " VI. That each Fellow, on his election, do deposit two 
 guineas in the hands of the Treasurer, to be continued annu- 
 ally, or twenty guineas as a life subscription. 
 
 "VII. That the President and Council, with a Treasurer 
 and Secretary, be elected by the original Members of the Aca- 
 demy at Lord Charlemont's, and that the first Monday in May 
 be appointed for that purpose. 
 
 "VIII. That an extraordinary general meeting be held 
 on Monday, the 16th of May, for the purpose of electing 
 Members who shall have been proposed on Monday, the 2nd 
 of May. 
 
 " IX. That the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Dromore 
 be requested to apply to the Antiquarian Society of London, 
 and the Edinburgh Society, for copies of their Regulations, 
 and that the Lord Bishop of Killaloe, and Dr. Ussher, be 
 requested to apply to the Royal Society of London, and the 
 Academy of Berlin, for the same purpose. 
 
 "X. That an extraordinary meeting of this Academy be 
 held at Col. Conyngham's on Monday, the 25th of April, at 
 8 o'clock in the afternoon. 
 
 " LIST OF ORIGINAL MEMBERS. 
 
 " Earl of Charlemont ; Lord Rokeby, Primate of Ireland ; 
 Earl of Clanbrazil ; EarlofMoira; Bishop of Killaloe ; Bishop 
 of Clonfert; Bishop of Waterford ; Bishop of Dromore ; Right 
 lion. John Hely Hutchinson, Secretary of State; Right Hon.
 
 230 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Denis Daly; Right Hon. Burton Conyngham; Col. Vallancey ; 
 Doctor Murray, Vice-Provost of T. C. D. ; Rev. Hugh Ha- 
 milton, Dean of Armagh ; Richard Kirwan, Esq., London ; 
 Edmund Malone, Esq. ; Rev. Michael Kearney, D. D. ; Adair 
 Crawford, M. D., London ; Rev. Thomas Leland, D. D. ; Rev. 
 W.Hales,D.D., F.T.C.D.; George Cleghorne,M. D.; Rev. 
 Henry Ussher, D. D., S. F. T. C. D. ; Rev. John Kearney, 
 D. D., S. F. T. C. D. ; Rev. John Waller, D. D., F. T.C. D. ; 
 John Purcell, M. D. ; Robert Perceval, M. D. ; Rev. Matthew 
 Young, F. T. C. D. ; Rev. Digby Marsh, F. T. C. D. ; Rev. 
 George Hall, F. T. C. D.; Rev. Richard Stack, F. T. C. D. ; 
 Rev. W. Hamilton, F. T. C. D. ; Lawrence Parsons, Esq. ; 
 William Preston, Esq. ; William Ball, Esq.; Rev. James Ar- 
 chibald Hamilton, D. D. ; William Deane, LL. D.; Sir Joseph 
 Banks, London ; R. Lovell Edgeworth, Esq. 
 
 [Signed], " CHARLEMONT." 
 
 On the 25th of September, 1 785, letters patent were granted 
 under the privy signet, constituting the foregoing original 
 Members, with the addition of James Gandon, the architect, 
 and such others as should be elected, one body, politic and 
 corporate, in deed and in name, by the name of the Royal Irish 
 Academy, for promoting the study of Science, Polite Litera- 
 ture, and Antiquities, of which Academy, adds the King 
 in the charter dated 28th January, 1796, "We do hereby 
 declare ourselves the founder and patron. And our will and 
 pleasure is, and we do ordain and grant, that the said Corpora- 
 tion, and their successors for ever, shall have one President, and 
 a Council consisting of twenty-one Members, to be hereafter 
 elected by them, out of which Council four Vice-Presidents shall 
 be nominated by the President, by writing under his hand and 
 seal, and one Treasurer and one Secretary shall be elected." 
 
 For the better execution of this our royal grant," con- 
 tinues the King, "we have nominated, and do hereby nominate, 
 constitute, and appoint James, Earl of Charlemont, to be the first
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 231 
 
 and modern President of this Academy ; John, Earl of Moira; 
 William Newcome, Bishop of Waterford ; Thomas Bernard, 
 Bishop of Killaloe ; ThomasPercy, Bishop of Dromore; Walter 
 Cope, Bishop of Clonfert ; William Conyngham and Denis 
 Daly, Esqrs. ; the Rev. Henry Ussher ; Rev. William Hales; 
 Rev. John Kearney ; Rev. Matthew Young; Rev. George Hall; 
 Rev. William Hamilton, Rev. Richard Stack, Fellows of Tri- 
 nity College, Dublin ; John Purcell, Robert Perceval, and 
 Stephen Dickson, Doctors of Physic ; Charles Vallancey, 
 William Preston, and James Gandon, Esqrs., to be the first 
 modern twenty-one of the Council of this Academy ; William 
 Conyngham to be the First Treasurer ; and Robert Perceval, 
 M. D., the first Secretary. 
 
 The Irish Academy, so early as May, 1785, held meetings 
 in the Navigation House in Grafton-street, which was vested 
 in the Crown by an Act of Parliament passed in 1786. Shortly 
 after this enactment, the Academy presented a memorial to the 
 Duke of Rutland, then Viceroy, praying permission to occupy 
 the vacant building ; and in June, 1787, their petition having 
 been granted, they received possession of the " Navigation 
 House," which, vested in them in 1788, consisted of several 
 small rooms, and one large apartment which became a board- 
 room, in which all the meetings of the Society were held. 
 
 Charles O'Conor was elected an Academician in 1 785 ; 
 Sylvester O'Halloran ; Mervyn Archdall ; Henry Flood; Ar- 
 chibald Hamilton Rowan ; John Philpot Curran ; Francis 
 Hardy ; and many other Irishmen of learning and eminence, 
 were soon afterwards enrolled Members of the Institution. 
 
 The Preface to the first volume of the Academy's " Trans- 
 actions" was contributed by the Rev. Robert Burrowes, Fel- 
 low of Trinity College, Dublin, who, after a brief review of 
 the obstacles which had previously impeded the progress of 
 science and learning in Ireland, wrote as follows : 
 
 " The influence of many of these causes, time has in a con- 
 siderable degree weakened ; and peculiar circumstances have
 
 232 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 now [1 786] given to Ireland an importance in the political scale 
 which habits of a well-directed industry alone can establish 
 and maintain. Whatever, therefore, tends, by the cultivation 
 of useful arts and sciences, to improve and facilitate its manu- 
 factures ; whatever tends, by the elegance of polite literature, 
 to civilize the manners, and refine the taste of its people ; 
 whatever tends to awaken a spirit of literary ambition, by 
 keeping alive the memory of its ancient reputation for learn- 
 ing, cannot but prove of the greatest national advantage. To 
 a wish to promote in these important respects the advancement 
 of knowledge in this kingdom, the Royal Irish Academy for 
 Science, Polite Literature, and Antiquities, owes its estab- 
 lishment ; and though the Members who compose it are not 
 entirely without hopes that their efforts may hereafter become 
 perhaps extensively useful and respected, yet the original in- 
 tent of their Institution must be considered as confining their 
 views for the present more immediately to Ireland. If their 
 endeavours shall but serve to excite in their countrymen some 
 sense of the dignity of mental exertion ; if their exhortation 
 and example shall be so far successful as to become the means 
 of turning vacant thoughts to science and to utility, their la- 
 bours are abundantly recompensed. If it be said that in so- 
 cieties of this sort too much attention is frequently bestowed 
 on subjects barren and speculative, it may be answered, that 
 no one science is so little connected with the rest as not to 
 afford many principles whose use may extend considerably 
 beyond the science to which they primarily belong, and that 
 no proposition is so purely theoretical as to be totally inca- 
 pable of being applied to practical purposes. There is no ap- 
 parent connexion between duration and the cycloidal arch, 
 the properties of which, duly attended to, have furnished us 
 with our best regulated methods of measuring time : and he 
 who has made himself master of the nature and affections of 
 the logarithmic curve, is not aware that he has advanced consi- 
 derably towards ascertaining the proportionable density of
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 233 
 
 the air at its various distances from the surface of the earth. 
 The researches of the mathematician are the only sure ground 
 on which we can reason from experiments ; and how far ex- 
 perimental science may assist the commercial interests of a state, 
 is clearly evinced by the success of their several manufactures 
 in the neighbouring countries of England and France, where 
 the hand of the artificer has taken its direction from the phi- 
 losopher. Every manufacture is in reality but a chemical 
 process, and the machinery requisite for carrying it on but 
 the right application of certain propositions in rational mecha- 
 nics. If chemistry and natural history, then, have never yet 
 employed themselves in inquiring into the state of this coun- 
 try ; if its minerals have never yet been explored, nor the ex- 
 tent of its botanical productions ascertained, we need not 
 wonder that Ireland, abounding in the first materials of many 
 manufactures, should yet have considered them no otherwise 
 valuable than as articles of export. To attain purposes of so 
 great national utility as this Academy proposes to itself, the 
 patriotism of the inhabitants of this kingdom has made many 
 efforts, which, though not entirely effectual, have yet given 
 a well-founded hope, that when circumstances more favourable 
 should arise, such endeavours might be attended with success. 
 About the year 1782 the Society from which the Academy 
 afterwards arose was established : it consisted of an indefinite 
 number of Members, most of them belonging to the Univer- 
 sity, who at weekly meetings read essays in turn. Anxious 
 to make their labours redound to the honour and advantage 
 of their country, they formed a plan more extensive, and ad- 
 mitting such additional names as might add dignity to their 
 new institution, or by their publications, had given sure ground 
 to hope advantage from their labours, became the founders of 
 the Royal Irish Academy. Let it not be imputed to arro- 
 gance when we say that, however former Societies in this king- 
 dom may have failed, the members of this Academy should not 
 be disheartened. From its peculiar nature, and several favour-
 
 234 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 able circumstances attending the time of its institution, it has 
 many prospects of countenance. Uniting in one plan the three 
 compartments, of Science, Polite Literature, and Antiquities, 
 it unites whatever is pleasing with whatever is useful, the ad- 
 vancement of specdlative knowledge with the history of man- 
 kind : it makes provision for the capricious variations of literary 
 pursuit ; and, embracing all the objects of rational inquiry, it 
 secures the co-operation of the learned of every description. It 
 has been iustituted, too, at a time when it can enjoy the pro- 
 tection of a monarch whose patronage of the liberal arts has 
 made his reign an illustrious era in the annals of literature ; at 
 a time when two of the sciences have had advantages hitherto 
 unknown in this country held out to them, in the establishment 
 of a Medical School, and the foundation of an Observatory for 
 astronomical purposes ; and at a time when every qualification, 
 natural and acquired, concurred in pointing out a President 
 whose zeal for the interests of Ireland could only be equalled 
 by his zeal for the interests of learning. Animated by such 
 encouragements," continued Dr. Burrowes, " the Irish nation 
 are called on to exert themselves. The Academy in this vo- 
 lume, with most respectful deference, presents the first fruits 
 of its labours to the public : whether the beginning now made 
 shall be relinquished with disgrace, or this Society be taught 
 to aspire to hopes of vigor and continuance, is a question which 
 those who have abilities to promote the advancement of litera- 
 ture should be informed is left, with all its important conse- 
 quences, for their exertions to determine. To embolden their 
 diffidence, the nature of these publications holds out all the 
 advantages of mutual example, while the great national bene- 
 fits to be derived from this institution must stamp their indo- 
 lence a crime of no less magnitude than treason against'the 
 welfare of Ireland. They are called on by every tie which can 
 have a laudable influence on the heart of man : by the hope of 
 success, and the infamy of defeat, by the solicitations of a 
 natural instinct which will not suffer their faculties to rest with-
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 235 
 
 out exertion, and by the authoritative voice of reason and ex- 
 perience, which pronounce such exertions salutary, by emula- 
 tion, by philanthropy, by honest pride, by a glorious sense of 
 the dignity of their country, and the dignity of human nature. 
 To such a call," added Dr. Burrowes, " Irishmen cannot be 
 inattentive : the God of Truth will look propitious on their 
 labours, and a ray from Heaven shall light them to success." 
 
 The "Book of Ballymote" was, in August, 1785, presented 
 by the^Chevalier Thomas O'Gorman to the Academy, which 
 in Sept ember, 1 78 7, received, through the Abbe Kearney, of 
 Paris, the "Book of Leacan;" and in 1789 the "Leabhar 
 Breac," or " Speckled Book," was purchased for the institu- 
 tion byXolonel Vallancey for 3 13s. 8d. These three in- 
 valuable Irish manuscript compilations still constitute the 
 chief literary treasures of the Academy. 
 
 In 1789, Timothy Cunningham, barrister, of Gray's Inn, 
 London, bequeathed to the Royal Irish Academy of Dublin, 
 "the sum of 1000, to be laid out in such funds as they 
 should think proper, and the interest of it to be disposed of 
 in such premiums as they should think proper, for the im- 
 provement of natural knowledge, and other objects of their 
 Institution." He also bequeathed to the Academy all his 
 botanical books, and books of natural history, desiring that 
 the residue of his library should be disposed of, and its pro- 
 ceeds expended, under the direction of his executor, in purchas- 
 ing books for the Academy. 
 
 Cunningham was a jurist of eminence, and the author of va- 
 rious elaborate works on legal subjects. From his will, regis- 
 tered in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, we learn that 
 his relatives were chiefly resident in Clonmel, Carrick-on-Suir, 
 and Waterford ; and he would appear to have been of the old 
 Clare clan of Cinndergain, many of whose members changed 
 their name to Cunningham. His principal publications were the 
 following : " A new Treatise of the Laws concerning Tithes, 
 containing all the Statutes, Adjudged Cases, Resolutions, and
 
 236 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Judgments, relating thereto:" 8vo, London, 1748; fourth 
 edition published in 1777. "Law of Bills of Exchange, 
 Promissory Notes, Bank Notes, and Insurances, containing 
 all the Statute Cases at large, &c., methodically digested :" 
 8vo, London, 1761 ; sixth edition published in 1778. "The 
 Merchant's Lawyer ; or, the Law of Trade in General :" Lon- 
 don : 2 vols. 8vo, 1762; third edition published in 1768. 
 " Practical Justice of the Peace," 1762 ; 2 vols. 8vo. " New 
 and complete Law Dictionary :" London : 2 vols. folio, 1764 ; 
 third edition published in 1782-3. " New Treatise concern- 
 ing the Laws for the Preservation of Game, containing all the 
 Statutes and Cases at large :" 12mo, 1764. " Report of Cases 
 argued and adjudged in the Court of King's Bench, in the 
 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th of George II., to which is prefixed, A 
 Proposal for rendering the Laws of England clear and certain, 
 humbly offered to the consideration of both Houses of Par- 
 liament:" folio, 1766. "Maxims and Rules of Pleadings in 
 Actions, Real and Personal, or Mixed, Popular and Penal :" 4to, 
 1771. "History of the Customs, Aids, Subsidies, National 
 Debts, and Taxes of England, from William the Conqueror 
 to the year 1 778 :" third edition published in 1 778. " History 
 and Antiquities of the Inns of Court and Chancery:" 8vo, 1780; 
 republished in 1790, under the title of " Historical Memoirs 
 of the English Laws." " Historical Accounts of the Rights 
 of Election of the several Counties, Cities, and Boroughs of 
 Great Britain, containing the time when each of them was 
 first represented in Parliament, and by what authority; to 
 which is prefixed, An Inquiry into the Origin of Elections to 
 Parliament:" 2 vols. 8vo, 1783. "Law of Simony, contain- 
 ing all the Statutes, Cases at large, Arguments, Resolutions, 
 and Judgments concerning it ; particularly, the case at large 
 in the House of Lords, between the Lord Bishop of London 
 and Lewis Fythcer, Esq. :" 8vo, 1 784. " Introduction to the 
 Knowledge of the Laws and Constitutions of England :" 8vo. 
 Cunningham also compiled the General Index to the Journals
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 237 
 
 of the English House of Commons, and published " Mapia 
 Charta libertatum civitatis Waterford," with an English ver- 
 sion, and Notes : 8vo, Dublin, 1752. 
 
 The Academy, in 1789, essayed, but without success, to 
 obtain a bust, picture, or other memorial of Timothy Cun- 
 ningham, to be preserved in their great room. Cunningham's 
 bequest enabled the Academy to offer occasional premiums 
 for essays in Science, Polite Literature, and Antiquities ; and, 
 subsequently, medals bearing the portrait of Lord Charlemont, 
 were substituted for money prizes. During its early years, 
 the objects for which the Academy had been founded were 
 assiduously pursued. Lord Charlemont presided at almost 
 every Committee-meeting, and contributed essays in the de- 
 partments of Polite Literature and Antiquities. 
 
 When the Academy placed Lord Charlemont in the chair, 
 " he," says Hardy, " did not regard it as a mere honorary dis- 
 tinction, to add to the solemn enumeration of his dignities at 
 the Herald's office, and nothing to literature. Not one of the 
 members attended the Academy meetings oftener than he did ; 
 few so constantly. Those who were his cotemporary Aca- 
 demicians must long call to mind his urbanity, the graces of 
 his conversation, and the variety of literary anecdote, ancient or 
 modern, with which he amused, and, indeed, instructed them, 
 during the intervals of their agreeable labours at the Academy. 
 In such labours he bore himself no inglorious part." 
 
 The essays contributed by Members were read before the 
 Committees to whose adjudication they had been submitted. 
 These Committees met usually at 8 P.M., and the papers 
 which they recommended to the Council were published in the 
 " Transactions" of the Academy. All Members were at 
 liberty to attend the Committee meetings, and to hear the 
 essays read : the Academy at large originally assembled but 
 twice in the year, on the eve of St. Patrick's Day, and on 
 the 30th of November, which, according to the charter, wore 
 designated " Stated Meetings."
 
 238 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 The chief contributors in the three departments of the So- 
 ciety's Transactions to the end of the last century were as 
 follows : Science : Henry Ussher, D. D., Matthew Young, 
 D. D., Rev. W. Hamilton, Fellows of Trinity College ; Ste- 
 phen Dickson, M. D. ; James Cleghorn, M.B. ; Ralph Ousley ; 
 Richard Kirwan ; Richard Lovell Edgeworth ; Robert Per- 
 ceval, M. D. ; Samuel Croker King, M. D. ; Rev. John Brink- 
 ley. Polite Literature : Richard Stack, D. D., Rev. Robert 
 Burrowes, Michael Kearney, D. D., Arthur Browne, Rev. 
 George Miller, Fellows of Trinity College ; William Pres- 
 ton ; Francis Hardy ; Rev. Edward Ledwich. Antiquities : 
 Theophilus O'Flanagan; John Barrett, D. D., Fellow of 
 Trinity College ; William Beauford ; Sylvester O'Halloran ; 
 Charles Vallancey ; and Joseph Cooper Walker. 
 
 Maurice O'Gorman and Theophilus O'Flanagan, two of 
 the most competent Gaelic scribes of their time, were occa- 
 sionally employed by the Committee of Antiquities to trans- 
 late documents from their native language. The Academy, 
 however, did not produce any historic work of importance ; 
 and the knowledge derived from the translations of Irish ma- 
 nuscripts furnished by O'Gorman and O'Flanagan, under the 
 influence of Vallancey, was used by the latter to support his 
 fanciful theories. 
 
 On the decease of the Earl of Charlemont in the year 1799, 
 Richard Kirwan, the eminent Irish philosopher, was elected 
 President of the Academy. 
 
 In March, 1800, the Academy presented a petition to the 
 House of Commons of Ireland, setting forth that, not being 
 possessed of any general funds but those arising from the sub- 
 scriptions of its Members ; that having been put to very heavy 
 expenses by the fall of different parts of its house ; being obliged 
 to expend in repairs large sums belonging to the Cunningham 
 fund, which they were unable to replace ; being also apprehen- 
 sive that the payment of the rent of their house, hitherto made 
 by the King's order, might not be continued, they prayed that
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 239 
 
 provision might be made for the future payments of this rent, 
 and that a sum of 1000 might not be deemed too much for 
 their further relief, taking into consideration the importance of 
 the institution, and the benefits derived to the literature of Ire- 
 land from its labours. On this application, the Parliament of 
 Ireland, in June, 1800, granted the Academy 1000, with 
 an annual allowance of 50. 
 
 The Academy owed its vitality during the ensuing twelve 
 years mainly to Briukley and Kir wan, the latter of whom, 
 from 1788 to his decease in 1812, contributed thirty-eight 
 essays to its Transactions in the departments of Science and 
 Polite Literature. Kirwan bequeathed to the Academy the 
 philosophical portion of his library, and was succeeded as Pre- 
 sident by Charles Bury, Earl of Charleville. In 1816 the 
 Academy petitioned Parliament for an annual grant of not less 
 than 600, including the Treasury allowance for payment of 
 rent and taxes, which was then 166 13*. IQd. " Since the 
 union of the two countries," said the petitioners, " the altered 
 circumstances of the city of Dublin, as being no longer the 
 winter residence of the Irish nobility and gentry, have more 
 and more contributed to diminish the number of candidates 
 for admission, and, of course, proportionably to lessen the 
 funds of the Academy; until, at length, the present [1816] 
 Members feel themselves reduced to the alternative either of 
 relinquishing their pursuits, or of soliciting from the bounty 
 of Parliament such increased assistance as is essential to their 
 continuing an active body corporate." On this petition a 
 grant of 350, Irish, was conceded, in addition to the allow-, 
 ance referred to ; and regular annual grants of 300, British, 
 were subsequently made. 
 
 On the death of Lord Charleville in 1822, the President- 
 ship of the Academy was conferred on the distinguished astro- 
 nomer, John Brinkley, afterwards Bishop of Cloyne. 
 
 Under Brinkley's Presidency was commenced the practice 
 of holding fortnightly meetings of the Academy, at which
 
 240 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 were read the papers approved of by the Committees ; and 
 thus originated the custom of transacting on these occasions 
 the business of the institution, which it had previously been 
 the rule to do at the Stated Meetings. On Brinkley's decease 
 in 1835, the Academy elected as President the Rev. Bartho- 
 lomew Lloyd, Provost of Trinity College, who, dying in 1837, 
 was succeeded in the Presidency by Sir William Rowan 
 Hamilton, the Irish Astronomer Royal. 
 
 The Academy commenced in 1836 the periodical issue of 
 " Proceedings," containing reports of its meetings, and ab- 
 stracts of papers recommended for publication in this form 
 rather than in the " Transactions." 
 
 In 1839 the Committees of Science, Polite Literature, and 
 Antiquities, of whose proceedings for the previous twenty- 
 nine years no records exist, commenced to labour with assi- 
 duity to promote the objects for which the institution had 
 been founded. A rule was also made, limiting to five years 
 the term of the Presidency, to which the election had pre- 
 viously been for life. 
 
 From the period of its formation, the Academy occasion- 
 ally received donations of ancient objects of interest discovered 
 in various parts of Ireland ; but as it possessed no regular re- 
 pository for their custody, many of these acquisitions were em- 
 bezzled, and others were deposited in the Museum of Trinity 
 College. The commencement of a Museum illustrative of the 
 history of the people of Ireland in former ages dates from 
 1839, when it was initiated by a number of private subscri- 
 bers purchasing and presenting to the Academy two large 
 golden torques found at Tara. At the same time, the late 
 James M'Cullagh, a mathematician of European celebrity, gave 
 to the institution the invaluable " Cross of Cong," executed 
 by a native Irish artificer, about half a century before the first 
 descent of the Anglo-Normans on this country. 
 
 By a subscription among the Members and some others, 
 the collection of Irish antiquities of the late Very Rev.
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 241 
 
 H. R. Dawson, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, was in 1842 
 purchased for 1067 13s., and presented to the Academy, 
 which in 1844 bought the collection of the late Town-Major 
 Henry Charles Sirr. 
 
 Referring to the important results of the efforts made 
 by the Academy to place the past history of Ireland on a 
 solid basis, Dr. Petrie tells us that when he first addressed 
 himself to a meeting of this institution, in reference to a re- 
 main of ancient Irish art, he had to encounter the incredulous 
 astonishment of the illustrious Dr. Brinkley, implied in the 
 following remark : " Surely, Sir, you do not mean to tell 
 us that there exists the slightest evidence to prove that the 
 Irish had any acquaintance with the arts of civilized life ante- 
 rior to the arrival in Ireland of the English." " Nor shall I 
 forget," says Dr. Petrie, " that in the scepticism which this 
 remark implied, nearly all the Members present very obviously 
 participated. Those, at least, who have seen our Museum, 
 will not make such a remark now." 
 
 From the inadequate amount of funds at its disposal, the 
 Academy has had the mortification of constantly " seeing 
 specimens of rarity, beauty, and historic interest, pass into the 
 hands of strangers, or, in the case of precious metals, into the 
 melting-pots of the goldsmiths." 
 
 On the retirement of Sir William Hamilton in 1844, the 
 Presidentship of the Academy was conferred on Humphrey 
 Lloyd, D. D., succeeded in 1851 by the Rev. Thomas Rom- 
 ney Robinson, D. D., whose scientific eminence has conferred 
 a lustre upon Dublin, his native city. 
 
 The autograph original of the Annals of Ireland by the 
 "Four Masters" was acquired by the Academy in 1831, 
 through the instrumentality of Dr. Petrie. Private subscrip- 
 tions and a Government grant of 600 enabled the institution 
 in 1844 to purchase for 1312 10s. a collection of Irish ma- 
 nuscripts formed by Messrs. Hodges and Smith, of Dublin, 
 including a number of ancient Gaelic medical treatises, and 
 
 VOL. III. R
 
 242 HISTORY Of THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 the original "Leabhar na Huidhre," compiled early in the 
 twelfth century. Of the Irish manuscripts in the Academy's 
 possession, an elaborate synoptical catalogue, hitherto unpub- 
 lished, has been compiled for the Society by Professor Eugene 
 Curry. 
 
 From 1831 to 1852, the Academy published many scien- 
 tific treatises of value and novelty ; amongst which may be 
 mentioned the following substantial additions to science, first 
 made known to the world through this institution : " Geo- 
 metrical Propositions applied to the wave theory of Light," 
 by James M'Cullagh, 1833; "The Theory of the Moist- 
 bulb Hygrometer," by James Apjohn, M. D., 1834-5; Sir 
 Robert Kane's " Researches on the action of Ammonia upon 
 the chlorides and oxides of Mercury," 1835, and on the nature 
 and constitution of the compounds of Ammonia, 1838 ; " Re- 
 searches respecting Quaternions," by Sir William Rowan 
 Hamilton; the discovery of Conical Refraction, by Hamil- 
 ton and Lloyd ; and the latter's papers on new magnetical in- 
 struments for determining the Earth's magnetism. 
 
 Polite Literature has of late occupied much less of the Aca- 
 demy's publications than it engrossed in the earlier years of the 
 institution. In this department the Academy's recent Trans- 
 actions contain various treatises by the Rev. Edward Hincks 
 on Hieroglyphic, Persepolitan, Cuneatic, and Babylonian cha- 
 racters ; also " Researches amongst the inscribed monuments 
 of the Graco-Roman era, in certain sites of Asia Minor," by 
 Rev. James Kennedy Baillie, D. D., 1842-3. 
 
 In its department of Irish Antiquities, the Academy's most 
 important publications have been the treatises of Dr. George 
 Petrie on the " Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland," read in 
 1834, and on the " History and Antiquities of Tara Hill," read 
 in 1837 ; and Dr. Aquilla Smith's Essays on the Irish coins 
 of Edward IV. and Henry VII. Dr. Petrie's works form an era 
 in our native literature, as having initiated the school of accu- 
 rate investigation of early Irish history, based on the examination
 
 THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY. 243 
 
 of authentic documents in the ancient language of the country, 
 a correct knowledge of which was first in modern times acquired 
 by the labourers in the Antiquarian department of the Ord- 
 nance Survey of Ireland. 
 
 The Royal Irish Academy removed from Grafton-street to 
 Dawson-street in 1852, having in the preceding year acquired 
 Sir William Betham's collection of manuscripts, bought by the 
 private subscriptions of the Members, in addressing whom, on 
 the occasion of the completion of the purchase fund, the Rev. 
 Charles Graves, now Secretary to the Academy, observed : 
 
 " Science and Literature have many departments, not one of 
 which is undeserving of our regard, so long as it is cultivated 
 in a liberal and philosophic spirit ; but the history of our own 
 country and of its language has especial claims on our consi- 
 deration, unless we choose to renounce the name of Irishmen. 
 It is no morbid feeling which leads us to turn with a longing 
 and affectionate interest to the ancient history and literature of 
 our own country. It is no fond national conceit which in- 
 spires us with the desire to gather and to preserve those of its 
 scattered records which have escaped the tooth of Time, the ra- 
 vages of barbarism, and the persecuting rigour of a miscalcu- 
 lating policy. It is, indeed, wise in us to soar as high as we 
 may, seeking wide and clear views of the entire horizon of 
 human knowledge and science ; but even to those elevated re- 
 gions let us carry with us a loving remembrance of the spot of 
 earth from which we took our flight of our birth-place and 
 the home which is the sanctuary of the purest and strongest of 
 our earthly affections." 
 
 K 2
 
 244 ) 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 ST. PATRICK'S WELL NASSAU-STREET MOLESWORTH FIELDS 
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET LEIN3TER HOUSE KILDARE- 
 
 STREET DAWSON-STREET. 
 
 THE site of Nassau-street and Leinster-street was formerly 
 styled " St. Patrick's Well-lane," from a spring which, ac- 
 cording to mediaeval legends, originated from the following 
 circumstance: St. Patrick, while in Dublin, abode at the 
 house of a certain matron, who frequently in his presence 
 complained much of the dearth of fresh water, for the river 
 flowing by was, from the influx of the tide, rendered salty ; 
 nor, before it ebbed, could any fresh water be procured, ex- 
 cept from a great distance. The Saint, moved by the com- 
 plaints of his hostess, and taking pity on the people, went on 
 the following day to a suitable place, where, in the presence of 
 many bystanders, he prayed, and having struck the earth with 
 the point of the staff of Jesus, in the name of the Lord, pro- 
 duced on the spot a splendid fountain. This, adds a Latin 
 writer of the early part of the twelfth century, "is the foun- 
 tain of Dublin, wide in its stream, plenteous in its course, 
 sweet to the taste, which, as is said, healeth many infirmities ; 
 and even to this day is rightly called the Fountain of Saint 
 Patrick." 
 
 The lane leading to St. Patrick's Well (" venella qua? 
 ducit ad fontem S. Patricii") is mentioned in a deed of 1592 
 as the southern boundary of the dissolved monastery of All 
 Hallows; and an English settler in Dublin, writing of the 
 citizens about the same period, says : 
 
 "On the east part [of the suburbs of the city] they have
 
 ST. PATRICK'S WELL. 245 
 
 Saint Patrick's Well, the water whereof, although it be gene- 
 rally reported to be very hot, yet the very prime of the per- 
 fection is upon the 17th of March, which is Saint Patrick's 
 Day ; and upon this day the water is more holy than it is all 
 the year after, or else the inhabitants of Dublin are more fool- 
 ish upon that day then they be all the year after. For upon 
 that day thither they will run by heaps, men, women, and 
 children, and there, first performing certain superstitious ce- 
 remonies, they drink of the water; and when they are re- 
 turned to their own homes, for nine daies after, they will sit 
 and tell what wonderful things have been wrought by the 
 operation of the water of Saint Patrick's well." 
 
 The author of " A Catholycke Conference betweene Syr 
 Tady Mac Mareall, a Popish Priest of Waterforde, and Pa- 
 trick Playne, a young student of Trinitie Colledge by Dublyne, 
 in Ireland," printed in 1612, introduces " Sir Tady" observ- 
 ing: 
 
 " But let me draw somewhat near to your College it self: 
 are you not eye-witnesses how every 17th of March what nock- 
 ing there is of men, women, and children to that same holy sanc- 
 tified pool, Saint Patrick's Well. I hope you do not think the 
 whole multitude that do so yearly frequent the place to be 
 stark mad, to come running thither so thick, if they did not 
 find some sanctity in the water ? I warrant you they are not 
 so arrant fools, as a number of those that do use to take to- 
 bacco, that will be still stuffing themselves with smoke, but 
 upon a vain conceit." 
 
 The following lines occur in a local poem, written in 1716, 
 on St. Patrick's Well, the water of which was considered by 
 the people of Dublin to be the best in Ireland for clearness, 
 good flavour, and for allaying thirst. 
 
 " Drink, thirsty mortals ! drink, take, take your fill, 
 Here is Heaven's bounty, given with free will ; 
 With plenteous draughts refresh your droughty souls, 
 Till all your pitchers, bottles, jugs, and bowls.
 
 246 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Freely it flows from lib'ral Nature's hands, 
 
 And grateful thanks is all that she demands. 
 
 For health, for clearness, and for cooling taste, 
 
 This spring hath been admir'd by ages past ; 
 
 Old, pious times record its lasting fame, 
 
 And from a Saint it took its rever'nd name. 
 
 Hail ! sacred fountain. Heliconian spring ! 
 
 Drink for a god, a poet, or a king! 
 
 Long may'st thou run, delightful to our taste, 
 
 Pure as the milk from Alma Mater's breast ; 
 
 Late, very late, or never cease to cheer 
 
 Our hearts with draughts refreshing, cool, and clear : 
 
 For ever may thy streaming sweetness last, 
 
 Admir'd by future ages, as by past; 
 
 Free, open, gen'rous, is thy boundless store, 
 
 None quit thy font refus'd, or ask for more ; 
 
 Each gaping mug thy lavish stream o'erflows, 
 
 And none, thy spring, that not its bounty knows. 
 
 Ungrateful mortals, who such gifts despise, 
 
 All share thy plenty, few the blessing prize ; 
 
 Too few, alas ! of all the num'rous souls 
 
 Who daily at thy fountain fill their bowls, 
 
 One moment, to confess its bounty, stay ; 
 
 Nor grateful thanks to Heaven and thee repay, 
 
 Kind Heav'n, that maugre, all their scorn and slight, 
 
 Supplies the wretches in their own despight ; 
 
 Good Heav'n, that does, with a forgiving will, 
 
 Their undeserving bowls replenish still." 
 
 The sudden drying-up of this well in 1729 formed the sub- 
 ject of a short poem written by Swift, in which he represented 
 St. Patrick reproaching England : 
 
 " Britain, by thee we fell, ungrateful isle ! . 
 Not by thy valour, but superior guile : 
 Britain, with shame, confess this land of mine 
 First taught thee human knowledge and divine ; 
 My prelates, and my students, sent from hence, 
 Made your sons converts both to God and sense ; 
 Not like the pastors of thy ravenous breed, 
 Who came to fleece the flocks, and not to feed."
 
 ST. PATRICK'S WELL-LANE. 247 
 
 After having deplored the fate or Ireland, then a prey to 
 mercenary English adventurers in Church and State, St. Pa- 
 trick continues : 
 
 " Where is the holy well that bore my name ? 
 Fled to the fountain, back from whence it came ? 
 Fair freedom's emblem once, which smoothly flows, 
 And blessings equally on all bestows. 
 Here, from the neighbouring nursery of arts, 
 The students, drinking, rais'd their wit and parts ; 
 Here, for an age, and more, improved their vein, 
 Their Phoebus, I my spring, their Hippocrene. 
 Discouraged youths ! now all their hopes must fail, 
 Condemn' d to country cottages and ale ; 
 To foreign prelates make a slavish court, 
 And by their sweat procure a mean support." 
 
 In June, 1731, the water was restored to St. Patrick's 
 Well, which was cleaned up and repaired at the city charge, 
 "great complaints having been made for its loss." 
 
 St. Patrick's Well, though for many years closed in from 
 the public, still exists in the garden of the Fellows of Trinity 
 College, under portion of the northern side of Nassau-street, 
 opposite to Dawson-street. 
 
 The name of the western portion of "Patrick's Well-lane" 
 was changed to Nassau-street early in the last century. A 
 monument of the political feeling which dictated this al- 
 teration existed here, till within the last forty years, on the 
 front of one of the houses between Dawson-street and Grafton- 
 street, which contained, inserted in its wall, a marble tablet 
 presenting a life-sized bust of William III., bearing under- 
 neath the following distich : 
 
 " May we never want a Williamite 
 To kick the breech of a Jacobite." 
 
 This bust and inscription were painted for the 4th of No- 
 vember annually at the expense of the Corporation of Dublin, 
 as regularly as the statue of William III., till the progress of
 
 248 HISTORY OF THE CITY OJb' DUBLIN. 
 
 local improvement demolished the,house in the wall of which 
 they stood. 
 
 During 1752 and many succeeding years, the comedian, 
 Isaac Sparks, presided in this street on eveiy Tuesday evening 
 as the " Right Comical Lord Chief Joker of the Court of 
 Nassau," and determined all humorous cases brought before 
 this Society. A comic interlude, called the " Court of Nas- 
 sau, or Tragedy versus Comedy," was written by George 
 Alexander Stevens for Sparks, who, for his benefit in 1775, 
 played in it the part of " Lord Chief Joker." 
 
 In Nassau-street resided Simon Butler, King's Council, 
 eon of Viscount Mountgarret, and the original chairman of the 
 Society of United Irishmen of Dublin, for authorizing one of 
 whose publications in 1793, the House of Lords committed 
 him to Newgate with Oliver Bond, as noticed in our account 
 of Bridge-street. Butler displayed much ability in his advo- 
 cacy of Tandy, and was the author of the " Digest of the Po- 
 pery Laws," published by the United Irish Society in 1792, 
 for which the Catholic Committee presented him with 500. 
 
 By successive elevations Nassau-street has been raised 
 many feet above the contiguous ground on the northern side, 
 now enclosed in the College Park ; and that it was originally 
 nearly level with the latter, appears from the vestiges disco- 
 vered in various excavations in the vicinity. In 1775 the 
 College wall was five feet in height from the level of Nassau- 
 street, and fifteen feet high from that of the Park. Applica- 
 tions were made in 1780 by the residents in the vicinity to the 
 College authorities for permission to have erected here a wall 
 to the Park, surmounted by iron railings, but their request 
 was not complied with; and it was not till 1842 that this 
 great improvement was effected, accompanied by the widening 
 of the street. 
 
 The name of Leinster-street was applied to that portion 
 of St. Patrick's Well-lane" eastward of Kildare-street, 
 on which, about the middle of the last century, five houses
 
 LEINSTER-STREET. 249 
 
 were erected, one of which was the residence of Philip Tisdall, 
 a lawyer of eminence, appointed Solicitor-General in 1750 ; At- 
 torney-General in 1760. Tisdall was a prominent personage in 
 the Irish politics of his times, and sat in Parliament as represen- 
 tative of the University of Dublin from 1739 till his death in 
 1777. "He had an admirable and most superior understand- 
 ing ; an understanding matured by years, by long experience, 
 by habits with the best company from his youth ; with the Bar, 
 with Parliament, with the State. To this strength of intellect 
 was added a constitutional philosophy or apathy, which never 
 Buffered him to be carried away by attachment to any party, 
 even his own. Hesawmenand things so clearly; he understood 
 so well the whole farce and fallacy of life, that it passed before 
 him like a scenic representation ; and, till almost the close of 
 his days, he went through the world with a constant sunshine 
 of soul, and an inexorable gravity of feature. His countenance 
 Avas never gay, and his mind was never gloomy. He was an 
 excellent politician, equally able to draw Government into 
 difficulties and bring it out of them again, though it must be 
 allowed that he never abused the confidence of Government. 
 Far from it. But when Ministers here found themselves em- 
 barrassed by neglecting to consult him, which was sometimes 
 the case, he enjoyed their distress with peculiar complacency, 
 and, with a face of Erebus, no lover was, at that moment more 
 pleased, nor Stoic more immovable. He seemed to have 
 acquired an entire power over his senses, and when his mind 
 was most impregnated, and his passions most engaged, he 
 looked, if in his opinion the measure required it, as if he had 
 almost ceased to see, to hear, or to speak. He was an able 
 speaker, as well at the Bar, as in the House of Commons, 
 though his diction was very indifferent. He was a profound 
 lawyer, and his opinion was frequently resorted to from Eng- 
 land. In domestic life he was social and agreeable. His table 
 was remarkably splendid and magnificent, and often, as the 
 public prints said, subvervient to political purposes. When
 
 250 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 abroad, particularly at Spa, he lived with almost equal 
 splendour." 
 
 From his dark complexion Tisdall was styled " Don Philip 
 the Moor," by the satirists of his time, who described him as 
 a man formed by nature and fashioned by long practice for all 
 manner of court intrigue ; his stature low, his countenance 
 dismal, his public manners grave, his address humble ; capti- 
 vating in private by convivial humour, exercising a perpetual 
 irony, living in a style of extraordinary magnificence, and 
 attracting crowds of guests to his mansion, which was fur- 
 nished with everything splendour could suggest or luxury 
 consume. " Take him, all in all," says Hardy, " Tisdall was 
 in some respects one of the most singular, as unquestionably 
 he was, by far, one of the most able statesmen whom Ireland 
 ever beheld." 
 
 Sir Nathaniel Barry, Physician-General of the Army, and 
 the leading medical practitioner in Dublin, resided in Leinster- 
 street till his death in 1785 ; and here also was the mansion of 
 Arthur Wolfe, Viscount Kilwarden, Chief Justice of the 
 King's Bench, who was killed in the disturbances of 1803. 
 
 Molesworth-street, Kildare-street, and their vicinity, stand 
 on the site of a considerable lot of ground, known at the com- 
 mencement of the last century by the name of " Moles worth- 
 fields," which remained nearly unbuilt upon until an Act of 
 Parliament, in 1725, enabled "the Right Honorable John 
 Lord Viscount Molesworth, and Eichard Molesworth, and the 
 several other persons in remainder for life, when in possession 
 of certainlands near St. Stephen's -green and Dawson-street, 
 in the county of the city of Dublin, to make leases thereof." 
 Robert, first Viscount Molesworth, distinguished by his writ- 
 ings in defence of liberty, has already been noticed in our ac- 
 count of " Molesworth's Court," in Fishamble-street : his son 
 John, the second Viscount, bora in 1679, was, in 1710, de- 
 spatched as Envoy Extraordinary from Great Britain to Tus- 
 cany, and subsequently appointed Ambassador at Florence,
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 251 
 
 Venice, and Switzerland, which offices he held till his death 
 in 1727. Ritson ascribes to him the song commencing 
 
 " Almeida's face, her shape, her air, 
 
 "With charms resistless wound the heart ; 
 In vain you for defence prepare, 
 When from her eyes Love shoots his dart." 
 
 Park observes " that he is likely to have written more from 
 having turned this so well." His successor, Richard, third 
 Viscount Molesworth, designed by his father for the law, fled 
 from the Temple to Flanders, and served as a volunteer in the 
 allied army there until he obtained an ensigncy, and was ap- 
 pointed Aide-de-camp to the Duke of Marlborough, whose 
 life he saved at the Battle of Ramillies in 1706. After serving 
 with distinction throughout all the campaigns in Flanders, and 
 against the Scots at Preston, he was appointed Lieutenant- 
 General and Commander-in-chief of the troops in Ireland, and 
 Field Marshal of his Majesty's Forces; his death took place in 
 1758 ; five years subsequent to which Lady Molesworth and 
 several of his children fell victims to an accidental fire in Lon- 
 don . The building of Molesworth-street was completed before 
 the middle of the last century, and its inhabitants were then 
 people of the highest rank in the city. 
 
 Among the earliest residents in Molesworth-street was 
 Richard Parsons, a man of humour and frolic, created in 1718 
 first Earl of Rosse. His lordship was a candidate for the hand 
 of Elizabeth, Duchess of Albemarle, who, inheriting an im- 
 mense estate, and, being of weak intellect, determined to 
 marry only a sovereign prince ; she became, however, the wife 
 of Ralph, Lord Montagu, who courted and married her as 
 Emperor of China ; and to the time of her death she was con- 
 stantly served on the knee as a monarch. Colley Gibber 
 made this affair the subject of his comedy, styled " The 
 Double Gallant ; or, Sick Lady's Cure ;" and Lord Rosse was
 
 252 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 said to have written the following lines on the marriage of the 
 Duchess with Lord Montagu : 
 
 " Insulting rival, never boast 
 
 Thy conquest lately won ; 
 No wonder if her heart was lost : 
 
 Her senses first were gone. 
 From one that's under Bedlam's laws, 
 
 What glory can he had ? 
 For love of thee was not the cause ; 
 
 It proves that she was mad." 
 
 " The late Earl of Rosse," says a writer of the middle of the 
 last century, " was, in character and disposition, like the 
 humorous Earl of Rochester ; he had an infinite fund of wit, 
 great spirits, and a liberal heart ; was fond of all the vices which 
 the beau monde call pleasures, and by those means first im- 
 paired his fortune as much as he possibly could do; and 
 finally, his health, beyond repair. To recite any part of his 
 wit here is impossible, though I have heard much of it, but as 
 it either tended to blasphemy, or, at the best, obscenity, it is 
 better where it is. A nobleman could not, in so censorious a 
 place as Dublin, lead a life of rackets, brawls, and midnight 
 confusion, without being a general topic for reproach, and 
 having fifty thousand faults invented to complete the num- 
 ber of those he had : nay, some asserted, that he dealt with 
 the Devil ; established a Hell-fire Club at the Eagle Tavern on 
 Cork-hill ; and that one Worsdale, a mighty innocent, facetious 
 painter, who was indeed only the agent of his gallantry, was a 
 party concerned. Be it as it will, his Lordship's character was 
 torn to pieces everywhere, except at the Groom Porter's, where 
 he was a man of honour ; and at the taverns, where none sur- 
 passed him in generosity. Having led this life till it brought 
 him to death's door, his neighbour, the Rev. John Mad- 
 den [Vicar of St. Anne's and Dean of Kilmore], a man of 
 exemplary piety and virtue, having heard his Lordship was 
 given over, thought it his duty to write him a very pathetic
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 253 
 
 letter, to remind him of his past life, the particulars of which 
 he mentioned, such as profligacy, gaming, drinking, rioting, 
 turning day into night, blaspheming his Maker, and, in short, 
 all manner of wickedness ; and exhorting him in the tenderest 
 manner to employ the few moments that remained to him, in 
 penitently confessing his manifold transgressions, and soliciting 
 his pardon from an offended Deity, before whom he was shortly 
 to appear. It is necessary to acquaint the reader, that the 
 late Earl of Kildare was one of the most pious noblemen of the 
 age, and in every respect a contrast in character to Lord Rosse. 
 When the latter, who retained his senses to the last moment, 
 and died rather for want of breath than want of spirits, read 
 over the Dean's letter (which came to him under cover), he 
 ordered it to be put in another paper, sealed up, and directed 
 to the Earl of Kildare : he likewise prevailed on the Dean's 
 servant to carry it, and to say it came from his master, which 
 he was encouraged to do by a couple of guineas, and his know- 
 ing nothing of its contents. Lord Kildare was an effeminate, 
 puny little man, extremely formal and delicate, insomuch that 
 when he was married to Lady Mary O'Brien, one of the most 
 shining beauties then in the world, he would not take his wed- 
 ding gloves off to embrace her. From this single instance 
 may be judged with what surprise and indignation he read over 
 the Dean's letter, containing so many accusations for crimes he 
 knew himself entirely innocent of. He first ran to his lady, 
 and informed her that Dean Madden was actually mad ; to 
 prove which, he delivered her the epistle he had just received. 
 Her Ladyship was as much confounded and amazed at it as he 
 could possibly be, but withal observed the letter was not writ- 
 ten in the style of a madman, and advised him to go to the 
 Archbishop of Dublin [Dr. John Hoadly] about it. Accord- 
 ingly, his Lordship ordered his coach, and went to the episco- 
 pal palace, where he found his Grace at home, and imme- 
 diately accosted him in this manner : ' Pray, my Lord, did you 
 ever hear that I was a blasphemer, a profligate, a gamester, a
 
 254 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 rioter, and everything that's base and infamous ?' ' You, my 
 Lord,' said the Bishop, ' every one knows that you are the pat- 
 tern of humility, godliness, and virtue.' * Well, my Lord, what 
 satisfaction can I have of a learned and reverend divine, who, 
 under his own hand, lays all this to my charge ?' * Surely,' 
 answered his Grace, * no man in his senses, that knew your 
 Lordship, would presume to do it ; and if any clergyman has 
 been guilty of such an offence, your Lordship will have satis- 
 faction from the spiritual court.' Upon this, Lord Kildare 
 delivered to his Grace the letter, which he told him was that 
 morning delivered by the Dean's servant, and which both the 
 Archbishop and the Earl knew to be Dean Madden's hand- 
 writing. The Archbishop immediately sent for the Dean, 
 who, happening to be at home, instantly obeyed the summons. 
 Before he entered the room, his Grace advised Lord Kildare 
 to walk into another apartment, while he discoursed the gen- 
 tleman about it, which his Lordship accordingly did. When 
 the Dean entered, his Grace, looking very sternly, demanded 
 * if he had wrote that letter ?' The Dean answered, * I did, 
 my Lord.' ' Mr. Dean, I always thought you a man of sense 
 and prudence, but this unguarded action must lessen you in 
 the esteem of all good men; to throw out so many causeless in- 
 vectives against the most unblemished nobleman in Europe, 
 and accuse him of crimes to which he and his family have ever 
 been strangers, must certainly be the effect of a distempered 
 brain : besides, sir, you have by this means laid yourself open 
 to a prosecution in the ecclesiastical court, which will either 
 oblige you publicly to recant what you have said, or give up 
 your possessions in the Church.' ' My Lord,' answered the 
 Dean, ' I never either think, act, or write anything, for which 
 I am afraid to be called to an account before any tribunal upon 
 earth ; and if I am to be prosecuted for discharging the duties 
 of my function, I will suffer patiently the severest penalties in 
 justification of it.' And so saying, the Dean retired with some 
 emotion, and left the two noblemen as much in the dark as
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 255 
 
 ever. Lord Kildare went home, and sent for a proctor of the 
 spiritual court, to whom he committed the Dean's letter, and 
 ordered a citation to be sent to him as soon as possible. In 
 the meantime the Archbishop, who knew the Dean had a 
 family to provide for, and foresaw that ruin must attend his 
 entering into a suit with so powerful a person, went to his 
 house, and recommended him to ask my Lord's pardon, before 
 the matter became public. ' Ask his pardon,' said the Dean, 
 ' why the man is dead !' l What ! Lord Kildare dead !' ' No, 
 Lord Rosse.' * Good God,' said the Archbishop, * did you not 
 send a letter yesterday to Lord Kildare ?' ' No, truly, my 
 Lord, but I sent one to the unhappy Earl of Rosse, who was 
 then given over, and I thought it my duty to write to him in 
 the manner I did.' Upon examining the servant, the whole 
 mistake was rectified, and the Dean saw, with real regret, that 
 Lord Rosse died as he had lived ; nor did he continue in this 
 life above four hours after he sent off the letter. The poor foot- 
 man lost his place by the jest, and was, indeed, the only suf- 
 ferer for my Lord's last piece of humour." 
 
 The death of Lord Rosse occurred in Molesworth-street, 
 on the 21st of June, 1741, two days after which he was pri- 
 vately interred in St. Anne's Church. James Worsdale, the 
 associate of Lord Rosse, had studied under Sir Godfrey 
 Kneller, with whose niece he eloped. " In the beginning of 
 his manhood he went to Ireland, where he met with more 
 success as an artist than he deserved; but his poignant table- 
 chat and conviviality begat him many admirers, among whom 
 Lord Blayney stood the most conspicuous. It was his custom, 
 when a portrait was finished, and not paid for, to chalk the 
 surface over with intersected lines, which conveyed the appear- 
 ance of the subject being in prison, and this was exhibited 
 continually in his painting-room, until shame or pride induced 
 the parties concerned to liberate the effigy, by paying the 
 artist. I have heard," says our authority, " it was he who in- 
 troduced the practice of demanding one half of the general
 
 256 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 sura at the first sitting. His talents as a painter were incon- 
 siderable. He was appointed Master Painter to the Board of 
 Ordnance through the influence of Sir Edward Walpole, who 
 had been accused of a detestable crime, but Worsdale disco- 
 vered the conspiracy against his patron's honour, and by great 
 address and incessant pains brought the delinquents to justice. 
 To effect this, he lodged on Saffron-hill, as a haymaker from 
 Munster, and in the Mint, Southwark, as the widow of a re- 
 cruiting sergeant from Sligo." Worsdale is believed to have 
 been the person who, disguised as a "clergyman, with a lawyer's 
 band," duped the notorious Curll in the affair of Alexander 
 Pope's letters. 
 
 The manuscript Viceregal accounts of William, Duke of 
 Devonshire, in the author's possession, contain the following 
 entries relative to Worsdale: "July 21, 1738, paid Mr. 
 James Worsdale for drawing your Grace's picture for Mrs. 
 Conolly, thirty guineas 34 2s. 6d. April 24, 1740, paid 
 Mr. James Worsdale for your Grace's picture and frame, 
 drawn by him for the Royal Hospital, forty guineas 45 1 Os. 
 April 24, paid him in full for the frame, upon Mr. Dance's 
 enquiry about the value of it, six guineas 6 16s. 6d." A 
 privately printed Dublin satire, of the year 1740, contains the 
 following allusion to the painter : 
 
 " Tho' Worsdale is for satire too obsaure, 
 Must he uncensur'd artfully procure ? 
 Frequent, as painter, his employer's house, 
 And thence delude his mistress or his spouse ? 
 True to the lover's procreating cause, 
 He breaks all ties, all hospitable laws, 
 And pimps, resistless, while his pencil draws." 
 
 Worsdale instituted a suit for libel against James Wynne and 
 Mathew Gardiner, the supposed authors of this satire, who were, 
 however, acquitted in the King's Bench in February, 1742. 
 In the preceding year, Luke Gardiner, Master of the Revels in
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 257 
 
 Ireland, appointed Worsdale his deputy in tkat office, a post 
 for which he was well adapted, having written a number of 
 songs, ballads, and " A Cure for a Scold," ballad opera, 
 1735 ; " The Assembly," a farce, in which the author acted 
 the part of "Old Lady Scandal." He also wrote "The 
 Queen of Spain," a musical entertainment, 1744; "The 
 Extravagant Justice," a farce; and " Gasconado the Great," 
 a tragi-comedy, 1759. Many of the compositions published 
 as his own were said to have been written for him by Mrs. 
 Letitia Pilkington. Worsdale died in June, 1767, and was 
 buried in St. Paul's, Covent-garden, with the following 
 epitaph of his own composition : 
 
 " Eager to get, but not to keep the pelf, 
 A friend to all mankind, except himself." 
 
 The family of Parsons continued to reside in Molesworth- 
 street for some years subsequent to the death of the first Earl 
 of Rosse, by the death of whose son Richard, in 1764, the 
 title became extinct, and was conferred, in 1772, on Sir Ralph 
 Gore, after whose decease the peerage was restored, in 1806, 
 to the predecessor of William Parsons, its present distinguished 
 representative. 
 
 On the western side of Molesworth-street stood " Kerry 
 House," the residence of the family of Fitz Maurice. Thomas 
 Fitz Maurice, twenty-first Lord of Kerry, was created Viscount 
 Clan Maurice and Earl of Kerry, in 1722; in his house died, 
 in the year 1707, John Lord Cutts, one of the most valiant 
 soldiers of his time, who acquired the name of the " Salamander" 
 from the great intrepidity which he displayed amidst a mur- 
 derous discharge of artillery at the siege of Namur, in 1696. 
 Cutts received the title of Baron of Gowran from William III., 
 and during part of Anne's reign, held the office of Com- 
 mander-in-chief of the British troops on the Continent, his 
 withdrawal from which, by being appointed Commander of the 
 Forces in, and one of the Lords Justices of Ireland, in 1705, 
 
 VOL. III. S
 
 258 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 was supposed to have caused his death. He published a col- 
 lection of verses in the year 1687, under the title of " Poetical 
 Exercises," and having obtained a captain's commission for Sir 
 Richard Steele, the latter dedicated to him his theoretical 
 treatise named the " Christian Hero;" and in the " Tatler" 
 quoted his Lordship's love verses as those of " honest Cynthio, 
 a man of wit, good sense, and fortune." Lord Cutts " hath 
 abundance of wit," said a writer in 1703, " but too much seized 
 with vanity and self-conceit ; he is affable, familiar, and very 
 brave. Few considerable actions happened in this aswell as the 
 last war in which he was not, and hath been wounded in all the 
 actions where he served ; is esteemed to be a mighty vigilant 
 officer, and for putting the military orders in execution ; he is 
 pretty tall, lusty, well-shaped, and an agreeable companion ; 
 hath great revenues, yet so very expensive, as always to be in 
 debt ; towards fifty years old." 
 
 The first Earl of Kerry married Anne, only daughter to 
 Sir William Petty, through which alliance the estates and 
 honours of the Shelburne family subsequently passed to the 
 Fitz Maurices. Lady Kerry was one of Swift's most inti- 
 mate friends ; and the following details, connected with this 
 family, illustrate the style in which the establishments of the 
 Irish nobility were maintained in the early part of the last 
 century. 
 
 "Dublin, March the 24th, 1732-3. We have been in- 
 formed that the Hon. John Fitz Maurice, Esq., High Sheriff 
 of the county of Kerry, received the Judges of Assize at the 
 bounds of the county, in a most magnificent and splendid 
 manner, the particulars of which are as follow : Two running 
 footmen led the way, being clothed in white, with their black 
 caps dressed with red ribbons, and red sashes with deep fringes. 
 Four grooms leading four stately horses with embroidered 
 caparisons, their manes and tails dressed with roses of red 
 ribbons. A page in scarlet, laced with silver, bearing the 
 Sheriff's white rod. The High Sheriff in scarlet, his sword
 
 MOLESWOIITH-STREET. 259 
 
 hanging in a broad shoulder-belt of a crimson velvet, covered 
 with silver lace, mounted on a very beautiful horse, having a 
 Turkish bridle, with reins of green silk intermixed with gold, 
 the caps and housings of green velvet, that was almost covered 
 with gold lace, and bordered with a deep gold fringe. Two 
 trumpets in green, profusely laced with silver. Twelve livery 
 men, in the colours of the family, mounted on black horses, from 
 20 to 40 price, with long tails, which, as well as their 
 manes, were decked with roses of red ribbons ; the caps and 
 housings having a centaur in brass, which is the crest of the 
 Fitz Maurices. They had short horsemen's wigs of one cut, 
 with gold laced hats. Their back-swords hung in broad buff 
 belts. Their cravats or stocks were black, fastened with two 
 large gilt buttons behind. Each had a brace of pistols, and 
 a bright carabine hanging in a bucket on his right side, with a 
 stopper in the muzzle, of red mixed with white, that looked 
 not unlike a tulip ; his riding coat, with a scarlet cape and gilt 
 buttons, was rolled up behind him. The Earl of Kerry's 
 gentleman of the horse single, mounted on a very fine bay 
 horse. The steward, waiting-gentlemen, and other domestics 
 of the Lord Kerry. This cavalcade of the Earl's own family, 
 and all mounted out of his own stable, to the number of 
 thirty-five, being passed, there followed another of the gentle- 
 men of the country, which was very considerable, there being 
 about twenty led horses, Avith field cloths, attending them. 
 But the day proved very unfavourable, and all this pomp and 
 gallantry of equipage was forced to march under a heavy and 
 continued rain to Listowel, where the High Sheriff had pre- 
 pared a splendid entertainment, consisting of one hundred and 
 twenty dishes, to solace the judges and gentlemen after their 
 fatigues, which it seems they greatly wanted, for the roads 
 were so heavy and deep, by reason of the excessive rain, that 
 the judges were forced to leave their coach, and betake them- 
 selves to their saddle-horses. But their repast was short, for 
 tidings being brought that the River Fayl was swelling apace, 
 s 2
 
 260 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 they soon remounted, in order to pass over while it was 
 fordable." 
 
 In 1768 " Kerry House," in Moles worth-street, came into 
 the possession of Anthony Foster, eldest son of John Foster, 
 of Dunleer, appointed in 1765 Chief Baron of the Irish Ex- 
 chequer, a post which he resigned in 1776 ; and was succeeded 
 in his house here, on his death in 1778 by his son, John 
 Foster, who was born in 1740, educated at Trinity College, 
 Dublin, elected Member for the borough of Dunleer at the age 
 of eighteen, and called to the bar in 1766. In 1768, John 
 Foster was returned as representative for the county of Louth, 
 ten years subsequent to which he was appointed Chairman 
 of the Parliamentary Committee of Supply. Under the pre- 
 dominant English influence, Foster, for a time, opposed Irish 
 Free Trade and Independence ; but he subsequently was 
 the author of excellent measures, supporting the corn trade, 
 the linen and cotton manufactures of Ireland. In 1785 he 
 was elected Speaker of the Irish House of Commons, by his 
 curtailment of the gallery of which he acquired an unpopu- 
 larity augmented by his opposition to the emancipation of 
 the Catholics, and his violence towards the people in 1798. 
 Foster's energetic opposition to the Union gained him the 
 public favour in 1799, and after the debate in the Commons 
 in January of the latter year, the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, 
 and Common Council of Dublin, went in state to his house 
 in Molesworth-street, amidst the acclamations of thousands of 
 spectators, the band playing "Long live the King," to deliver 
 an address to him, as an honest man and lover of his country, 
 for not voting away the liberty and independence of Ireland. 
 On the same day, a numerous body of the merchants and 
 traders of the city of Dublin went in procession from the 
 Royal Exchange to Foster's residence, and also presented him a 
 most respectful address, to the like purport. Foster's portrait 
 was excellently engraved by Brocas, in the centre of a large 
 broadside issued by Vincent Dowling, printed in red and black,
 
 MOLESWOKTH-STREET. 26 1 
 
 entitled a "List of the Members of both Houses of the Irish 
 Parliament who voted on the motion for an Address to his 
 Majesty, acceding to the discussion of a plan fora Legislative 
 Union with Great Britain, on the ever memorable 23rd and 
 25th of January, 1799." The Speaker's portrait is encircled 
 by oak-leaves and shamrocks, with a wreath of the latter above 
 his head ; below, the mace of the House of Commons crossing 
 the cap and wand of Liberty, with two scrolls inscribed 
 " Irish Constitution obtained in 1782. Preserved in the de- 
 feat of an Union, 1799;" underneath, " The Right Honour- 
 able John Foster, Speaker of the House of Commons. 
 Dedicated to the glorious 1 1 1 Irish Commoners, who, on the 
 26th of January, 1799, saved the legislative independence of 
 their country." 
 
 Foster's profound knowledge of the resources and trade of 
 Ireland was evinced in his elaborate and unanswerable argu- 
 ments against the Union, of which, as already noticed, he conti- 
 nued to the last a determined opponent. As a speaker, he was 
 calm and firm, possessing little eloquence, but reasoning with 
 calmness and accuracy. Foster was appointed Chancellor of 
 the Exchequer of Ireland after the retirement of Isaac Corry, 
 and was created Baron Oriel of Collon, county of Louth, in 
 1821. The Royal Dublin Society possesses a full-length por- 
 trait in oil of Foster, whose likeness was engraved in oval by 
 Maguire ; also at full length, in the Speaker's robes, by C. 
 Hodges, in 1792, from a painting by C.G. Stuart. Foster's only 
 son, Thomas Henry, Viscount Ferrard, having married Vis- 
 countess Massereene, assumed the name of Skeffington, and died 
 in 1843. His eldest son, now ViscountMassereene, enjoys also 
 the titles of Baron of Lough Neagh, Viscount Ferrard, Baron 
 Oriel in the Peerage of Ireland, and Baron Oriel, of Ferrard, 
 in the Peerage of England. In the " Dublin Penny Journal," 
 volume ii., page 259, will be found an engraving of the 
 Speaker's residence, the site of which is now occupied by the 
 three houses known as 29, 30, and 31, Molesworth-street.
 
 262 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Dr. John Van Lewen, the son of a Dutch physician, who 
 had accidentally settled in Ireland at the close of the seven- 
 teenth century, also dwelt in Molesworth-street. Van Lewen 
 studied at Leyden under Boerhave, and became very eminent 
 in his profession, being the only accoucheur in Dublin during 
 the early part of the last century. He was elected President of 
 the College of Physicians in 1734, and died at his house here 
 in 1736 ; his daughter Letitia, who became the wife of the 
 Rev. Matthew Pilkington, was well known in the last century 
 by her misfortunes and her writings. 
 
 Lieutenant-General Gervas Parker, Commander of the 
 Forces in Ireland, whose only daughter married Amyas Bushe, 
 of Kilfane, author of " Socrates," a dramatic poem, resided 
 here in 1746; and in Molesworth-street, until his death in 
 1 756, the Rev. Roger Ford kept a school of great reputation, 
 at which were educated Robert Jephson, author of the 
 " Count of Narbonne ;" and Edmond Mai one, the commen- 
 tator on Shakspeare, both of whom took leading parts in the 
 private theatricals performed in this academy, under the super- 
 intendence of Macklin. 
 
 In Molesworth-street, till late in the last century, was the 
 town residence of the family of Vesey, members of which, from 
 theyear 1 734, enjoyed the office of Comptrollerand Accountant- 
 General of the Irish Revenue. Agmondisham Vesey, the first 
 of his family appointed to that post, married the heiress of 
 William Sarsfield, of Lucan, by his wife Mary, sister to the 
 unfortunate Duke of Monmouth. The present Earl of Lucan 
 is descended from Vesey 's daughter Anne, wife of Sir John 
 Bingham. Bingham's desertion of the cause of James II. 
 has been said mainly to have caused the loss of the battle of 
 Aughrim, but this statement is totally unfounded, as he held 
 no rank in the Jacobite army. His conduct in Parliament was 
 thus satirized in 1736 : 
 
 " There observe the tribe of Bingham, 
 For he never fails to bring 'em ;
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 263 
 
 While he sleeps the whole debate, 
 They submissive round him wait ; 
 Yet would gladly see the hunks 
 In his grave, and search his trunks; 
 See, they gently twitch his coat, 
 Just to yawn and give his vote, 
 Always firm in this vocation, 
 For the court against the nation." 
 
 To Lady Bingham's artistic acquirements we are indebted 
 for the portrait of her grand-uncle, Patrick Sarsfield, the 
 Jacobite Earl of Lucan. From this painting, which, in the 
 last century, was in the possession of Sir Charles Bingham, 
 of Castlebar, an admirable engraving was executed by F. 
 Tilliard, a French artist. 
 
 In Molesworth-street dwelt Arthur Dawson, a native of 
 Ireland, called to the Bar in 1723, and appointed Baron of the 
 Exchequer in 1741, a post which he resigned in 1768. Daw- 
 son was one of the judges who tried the case in ejectment of 
 James Annesley against the Earl of Anglesey in 1743, already 
 noticed. John Carteret Pilkington, who was well acquainted 
 with Dawson, tells us that " The Baron was a gentleman of 
 a grave, reserved, and penetrating aspect, though extremely 
 handsome both in his person and countenance; but he had 
 such an unbounded flow of real wit and true humour, that he 
 said more good things in half an hour, and forgot them the 
 next, than half the comic writers in the world have introduced 
 into their plays ; and, what added to the delight such an enter- 
 tainment must afford, was, that it was all genuine, unstudied, 
 and concise ; so that while he sat, * Laughter holding both his 
 sides,' he appeared himself with the same steadfastness that ac- 
 companied him on the bench as a judge : and so happy was this 
 great man in the talent of unbending his mind, that he could even 
 make companions of his son and myself, though both so young 
 and giddy ; nay, he would adapt his discourse exactly to our 
 degree of comprehension, and by that means became master of
 
 264 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 our minutest thoughts. He," adds Pilkington, " has wan- 
 dered with us for hours through his wide domains, leaped 
 over ditches, looked for birds' nests, flown a kite, and played 
 at marbles : he might in this respect be compared to that great 
 Roman, who, when called on to serve the Senate, was found 
 toying amongst his children." 
 
 The following song, standing unrivalled among the com- 
 positions of its age and class in the English language, was 
 composed by Baron Dawson on Thomas Morris Jones, owner 
 of the estate of Monyglas, so styled from the Irish, Muine-glas 
 the green brake : 
 
 " Ye good fellows all 
 
 Who love to be told where there's claret good store, 
 Attend to the call of one who's ne'er frighted, 
 But greatly delighted with six bottles more : 
 Be sure you don't pass the good house Monyglas, 
 Which the jolly red god so peculiarly owns ; 
 'Twill well suit your humour, for pray what wou'd you more, 
 Than mirth with good claret, and bumpers, Squire Jones ? 
 
 " Te lovers who pine 
 For lasses who oft prove as cruel as fair, 
 Who whimper and whine for lilies and roses, 
 With eyes, lips and noses, or tip of an ear : 
 Come hither, I'll show you, how Phillis and Chloe, 
 No more shall occasion such sighs and such groans ; 
 For what mortal so stupid as not to quit Cupid, 
 When call'd by good claret, and bumpers, Squire Jones ! 
 
 " Ye poets who write, 
 
 And brag of your drinking fam'd Helicon's brook, 
 Tho' all you get by't is a dinner oft-times, 
 In reward for your rhymes, with Humphry the Duke : 
 Learn Bacchus to follow, and quit your Apollo, 
 Forsake all the Muses, those senseless old drones ; 
 Our jingling of glasses your rhyming surpasses, 
 When crown' d with good claret, and bumpers, Squire Jones ! 
 
 " Ye soldiers so stout, 
 With plenty of oaths, tho' no plenty of coin,
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 265 
 
 Who make such a rout, of all your commanders, . 
 Who served us in Flanders, and eke at the Boyne : 
 Come, leave off your rattling, of sieging and battling, 
 And know you'd much better to sleep with whole bones, 
 Were you sent to Gibraltar, your note you'd soon alter, 
 And wish for good claret and bumpers, Squire Jones ! 
 
 "Ye Clergy so wise, 
 
 Who mysteries profound can demonstrate clear, 
 How worthy to rise, you preach once a week, 
 But your tithes never seek above once in a year : 
 Come here without failing, and leave off your railing 
 'Gainst Bishops providing for dull stupid drones ; 
 Says the text so divine, what is life without wine ? 
 Then away with the claret, a bumper, Squire Jones ! 
 
 " Ye lawyers so just, 
 
 Be the cause what it will who so learnedly plead, 
 How worthy of trust, you know black from white, 
 Yet prefer wrong to right, as you're chanc'd to be fee'd, 
 Leave musty Eeports, and forsake the King's Courts, 
 Where Dulness and Discord have set up their thrones, 
 Burn Salkcld and Ventris, with all your damn'd entries, 
 And away with the claret, a bumper, Squire Jones ! 
 
 " Ye physical tribe, 
 
 Whose knowledge consists in hard words and grimace, 
 Whene'er you prescribe, have at your devotion 
 Pills, bolus or potion, be what will the case : 
 Pray where is the need to purge, blister, and bleed ? 
 When ailing yourselves, the whole faculty owns, 
 That the forms of old Galen are not so prevailing, 
 As mirth with good claret, and bumpers, Squire Jones ! 
 
 "Ye fox-hunters, eke, 
 That follow the call of the horn and hound, 
 Who your ladies forsake before they're awake, 
 To beat up the brake, where the vermin is found : 
 Leave Piper and Blueman, shrill Duchess and Trueman, 
 No music is found in such dissonant tones ; 
 Would you ravish your ears with the songs of the spheres, 
 Hark-away to the claret, a bumper, Squire Jones !"
 
 266 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Of the origin of this song, which may be ascribed to the 
 year 1727, the following account was given by the late Dean 
 of St. Patrick's, a collateral descendant of the Baron, who, 
 however, overlooked the fact that Carolan's death took place 
 three years before Dawson had been promoted to the bench : 
 
 " Carolan and Baron Dawson happened to be enjoying 
 together, with others, the hospitalities of Squire Jones at 
 Moneyglass, and slept in rooms adjacent to each other. The 
 bard, being called upon by the company to compose a song or 
 tune in honour of their host, undertook to comply with their 
 request, and, on retiring to his apartment, took his harp with 
 him, and, under the inspiration of copious libations of his 
 favourite liquor, not only produced the melody now known as 
 'Bumper, Squire Jones,' but also very indifferent English 
 words to it. While the bard was thus employed, however, the 
 judge was not idle. Being possessed of a fine musical ear, as 
 well as. of considerable poetical talents, he not only fixed the 
 melody on his memory, but actually wrote the noble song now 
 incorporated with it, before he retired to rest. The result may 
 be anticipated. At breakfast on the following morning, when 
 Carolan sang and played his composition, Baron Dawson, to 
 the astonishment of all present, and of the bard in particular, 
 stoutly denied the claim of Carolan to the melody, charged him 
 with audacious piracy, both musical and poetical, and, to prove 
 the fact, sang the melody to his own words, amidst the joyous 
 shouts of approbation of all his hearers the enraged bard ex- 
 cepted, who vented his execrations in curses on the judge both 
 loud and deep." 
 
 Baron Dawson, who for many years represented the county 
 of Londonderry in the Parliament of Ireland, died at his house 
 in Moles worth-street in 1775. He was succeeded by his 
 nephew, Arthur Dawson, whose son, Henry Richard, became 
 Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. 
 
 In Molesworth-street, in the early part of the reign of 
 George III., was the residence of Kane O'Hara, the distin-
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREKT. 267 
 
 guished burletta- writer, a member of the tribe of O'Hara, or 
 Ua h-Eaghra, which descended from Cian or Kane, son of 
 OliolOlum, King of Munster in the third century, and received 
 their surname from Eaghra, or Hara, lord of Luighne or 
 Leyny, in the county of Sligo. Dr. O'Donovan tells us that 
 '* according to Duald Mac Firbis, Fearghal mur O'Hara, who 
 erected Teach- Teampla, now Temple-house, was the eleventh 
 in descent from this Eaghra, and Cian or Kean O'Hara, who 
 was living in 1666, was the eighth in descent from that Fear- 
 ghal." In 1706, Charles O'Hara, a distinguished soldier, was 
 created Baron of Tirawley ; and Carolan, in his song entitled 
 Cupan Ui h-Eaghra, has eulogized, as follows, the hospitality 
 of Kane O'Hara of Nymphsfield, county of Sligo : 
 
 "Oh I were I at rest 
 Amidst Aran's green isles, 
 Or in climes where the summer 
 Unchangingly smiles ; 
 Tho' treasures and dainties 
 Might come at a call, 
 Still O'Hara's full cup 
 I would prize more than all." 
 
 The author of " Midas" held a distinguished position in 
 the fashionable circles of Dublin in the last century ; and, being 
 a very skilful musician, he was elected Vice-President of the 
 Musical Academy, founded mainly through his exertions, in 
 1758. In the succeeding year he produced his celebrated 
 burletta of " Midas," at a series of private theatricals performed 
 at the seat of Mr. Brownlow, at Lurgan, county of Armagh. 
 It originally consisted of one act, commencing with the fall of 
 Apollo from the clouds ; the author played the part of " Pan," 
 the other characters being filled by members of the family and 
 their relations. " Midas" was produced at Crow-street Theatre 
 in 1762, with the object of throwing ridicule on the Italian 
 burlettas, which were then filling the coffers of Mossop, Ma- 
 nager of the rival theatre in Smock-alley. " Spranger Barry
 
 268 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 was to have performed Sileno in * Midas,' and rehearsed it 
 several times, but not being equal to the musical part, gave it 
 up, and it was played by Robert Cony, a favourite public 
 singer. The first cast was thus : Apollo, Vernon ; Midas, 
 Robert Mahon ; Dametus, Oliver ; Pan, Morris ; Daphne, 
 Miss Elliott ; Nysa, Miss Polly Young (afterwards married 
 to Barthelemon, the fine violin performer) ; and Mysis, Miss 
 Macneill (afterwards Mrs. Hawtrey). * Midas' is made up of 
 Dublin jokes and by-sayings, but irresistibly humorous." 
 
 When first produced, the whole dialogue was delivered in 
 recitative, and it was a task of some difficulty for a Manager 
 to find a company capable of thus giving it with effect ; that 
 the author was tenacious in having it so represented appears 
 from the following letter, dated 4th April, 1777, from O'Hara 
 to the Manager of the Musical Department of Crow-street 
 Theatre : 
 
 " SIR, Mr. Ryder is under the most solemn promise that 
 it is possible for one Christian to make to another, that he will 
 exhibit the burletta of Midas exactly with the same recitatives 
 accompaniments, and airs, as it was originally performed in 
 Covent-garden, after the score which I sent to Mr. Beard. In 
 consequence of said promise, I sometime ago lent Mr. Ryder 
 my copy of the original score, which, I presume, now lies, or 
 ought to lie, before you ; this is, therefore, to inform you, Sir, 
 that I am under the strongest irremissible oath, taken in your 
 son's presence, that I will invariably hold Mr. Ryder to the 
 letter of that promise (that is to say, if he produce the piece 
 according to his advertisements, as he has engaged himself to 
 the public to do). Sir, I do hereby give you notice, that if any 
 actor or actress, or musical performer of Mr. Ryder's company, 
 shall presume to alter, or add, or to omit any word or note, in 
 air or recitative, other than they shall be found in the copy which 
 I delivered to Mr. Ryder ; or if he, or she, or the prompter, 
 take the liberty of any variation, I do hereby authorize and re- 
 quire you to demand in my name their parts from them and
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 269 
 
 return to me ; except, that I do hereby appoint that Pan's song 
 in the trial be changed to Pox on your pother about this or 
 that,' and the catch be changed to * Master Poll, with his tol 
 der ol.' Upon the above terras, and upon them only, will I ever 
 consent that Midas shall appear from my score as a full piece. 
 It is fit that you should be thus authentically made acquainted 
 with my fixed resolution, because you are, by agreement, to be 
 musical conductor of it ; and I desire that you will make Mr. 
 Ryder likewise acquainted with it, that when he notifies it in the 
 green-room, any blame or dissatisfaction arising from it amongst 
 his company may be placed to my account. Their parts are 
 cast in the following manner, viz. : Juno, Mr. Taylor ; Mysis, 
 Mr. Thompson ; Daphne, Mrs. Webster ; Nysa, Miss Potter ; 
 Midas, Mr. Ryder; Apollo, Mrs. Webster; Sileno, Mr. 
 Wilder; Dametas, Mr. Keeife; Pan, Mr. Owenson ; Mercury, 
 Mr. Wilks ; Jupiter, Mr. Stanton ; Momus, Mr. Keeffe. I 
 am sure I need not recommend the utmost care to you in the 
 musical instruction of the performers, but I must recommend 
 and authorize your being extremely peremptory in enforcing 
 the observance of these my conditions I am, Sir, &c., 
 
 K. O'HARA. 
 
 " I propose to be present at every representation, accom- 
 panied by some friends, who will take their cue of clapping or 
 hissing from me ; and you may assure the company of the 
 theatre, that any deviation on their part will be reprimanded 
 in the most marked mode of disapprobation." 
 
 A Dublin writer in 1773 described O'Hara as having the 
 appearance of an old fop, with spectacles and an antiquated 
 wig ; adding that he was, notwithstanding, a polite, sensible, 
 agreeable man, foremost and chief modulator in all fashion- 
 able entertainments ; the very pink of gentility and good 
 breeding, and a veiy necessary man in every party for amuse- 
 ment ; and but that he was sometimes a little too long-winded 
 in his narratives, he would have been a very amusing compa- 
 nion, as he seemed to be very well informed.
 
 270 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 The extremely meagre notices of O'Hara extant contain 
 no reference to his skill as an artist, of which we have a spe- 
 cimen in his etching of Dr. William King, Archbishop of 
 Dublin, in a wig and cap, of which portrait a copy has been 
 made by Richardson. " O'Hara Avas so remarkably tall, that 
 among his intimate friends in Ireland he was nicknamed 
 * St. Patrick's steeple.' At one time, Girardini's Italian glee 
 was extremely popular, and sung everywhere, in public and 
 private. The words in Italian are : 
 
 " Vivan tutte le vezzose 
 Donne, amabile, amorose, 
 Che no' hanno crudelta." 
 
 It was parodied, and for the last line they substituted 
 this : 
 
 " Kane O'Hara's cruel tall." 
 
 Michael Kelly further tells us that " Kane O'Hara, the 
 ingenious author of ' Midas,' had a puppet-show for the 
 amusement of his friends ; it was worked by a young man 
 of the name of Nick Marsh, who sang for ' Midas' and ' Pan.' 
 He was a fellow of infinite humour ; his parody on ' Shepherds, 
 I have lost my love,' was equal to anything written by the well- 
 known Captain Morris ; and, with many others of equal merit, 
 will be long remembered for the rich vein of humour which 
 characterizes it. The love of company, joined to a weak con- 
 stitution, condemned this truly original genius to an early 
 grave, regretted by all who knew him. In the performance 
 of this fantoccini I sang the part of 'Daphne,' and was instructed 
 by the author himself; the others were by other amateurs. 
 It was quite the rage with all the people of fashion, who 
 crowded nightly to see the gratuitous performance." On the 
 25th of October, 1802, the burletta of ' Midas' was revived at 
 Drury-lane Theatre, with unqualified approbation. It had a 
 run the first season, of twenty-seven nights. From rny earliest
 
 MOLESWORTH-STREET. 271 
 
 days I was fond of the music of Midas,' which, in my opinion, 
 is delightful. It was entirely selected by Kane O'Hara, who 
 was a distinguished musical amateur ; his adaptations were not 
 alone elegant and tasteful, but evinced a thorough knowledge 
 of stage effect. I have heard him, when a boy, sing at his own 
 house in Dublin, with exquisite humour, the songs of Midas, 
 Pan, and Apollo's drunken song of 
 
 " ' Be by your friends advised, 
 Too harsh, too hasty dad ! 
 Maugre your bolts and wise head, 
 The world will think you mad.' 
 
 "When I," continues Kelly, "acted the part of 'Apollo' 
 at Drury-lane, I formed my style of singing and acting that 
 song from the recollection of his manner of singing it. The 
 simple and pretty melody, ' Pray Goody, please to moderate 
 the rancour of your tongue' (before I sang it at Drury-lane), 
 was always sung in a quick jig time ; it struck me that the air 
 would be better slower, and I therefore resolved to sing it in 
 the ' andantino grazioso' style, and added a repetition of the 
 last bar of the air, which I thought would give it a more stage 
 effect. When I rehearsed it the first time as I had arranged 
 it, Mr. Kemble was on the stage, who, with all the performers 
 in the piece, as well as the whole band in the orchestra, una 
 voce, declared that the song ought to be sung in quick time, 
 as it had ever been ; but I was determined to try it my own 
 way, and I did so, and during the run of the piece it never 
 missed getting a loud and unanimous encore. When ' Midas' 
 was revived at Covent-garden Theatre, it was sung by Mr. 
 Sinclair in the exact time in which I sung it, and with deserved 
 and additional success. It is not, I believe, generally under- 
 stood, that Rousseau was the composer of it." 
 
 In addition to " Midas," O'Hara wrote " The Golden Pip- 
 pin," a burletta, 1773 ; " The Two Misers," a musical farce, 
 1775 ; " April Day," a burletta, 1777 ; and " Tom Thumb,"
 
 272 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 1780, the very successful alteration of Fielding's burlesque, 
 with the addition of songs. O'Hara's death took place on 
 17th June, 1782, for some time previous to which he had been 
 totally deprived of sight. " Kane O'Hara," says a recent 
 English dramatic critic, " was the very prince of burletta-wri- 
 ters. His ' Golden Pippin' is whimsical ; his lyrical additions 
 to ' Tom Thumb' are every way worthy of that inimitable 
 burlesque ; and his ' Midas' is the most perfect thing of its 
 kind in our language." O'Hara was also author of an un- 
 finished jeu d' esprit, entitled, " Grigri, a true history, translated 
 from the Japonese into Portuguese by Didaquez Hadeczuca, 
 companion to a missionary at Yendo ; from Portuguese into 
 French by the Abbe du-Pot-a-beurre, Almoner to a Dutch ves- 
 sel, on the whale-fishery ; and now, lastly, from the French 
 into English, by the Rev. Doctor Turlogh O'Finane, Chaplain 
 to an Irish Regiment in the Turkish service. Forbidden by 
 the fathers of the Holy Inquisition, and by all the states and 
 potentates upon earth to be printed anywhere, yet printed and 
 published for the translator here and there, and everywhere. 
 Sine ullo privilegio." The manuscript of this production 
 was presented in 1762, by the author, to his intimate friend, 
 Thomas Kennedy, Esq., of Clondalkin Castle, county of 
 Dublin, whose representative published it in the "Irish 
 Monthly Magazine" for 1832. 
 
 At No. 11, now No. 13, Molesworth-street, from the 
 year 1781, was the residence of James Fitzgerald, a distin- 
 guished lawyer, called to the Irish Bar in 1769, appointed 
 Third Sergeant in 1778, Second Sergeant in 1783, and Prime 
 Sergeant in 1786. One of his professional contemporaries 
 tells us that Fitzgerald was at the very head of the Bar, as 
 Prime Sergeant of Ireland ; and adds : " I knew him long in 
 great practice, and never saw him giveup one case whilst it 
 had a single point to rest upon, or he a puff of breath left to 
 defend it ; nor did I ever see any barrister succeed, either in 
 the whole or partially, in so many cases out of a given number
 
 MOLESVVORTII-STIIEET. 273 
 
 as Mr. Fitzgerald : and I can venture to say (at least to think) 
 that if the Right Honorable James Fitzgerald had been pent 
 ambassador to Stockholm, in the place of the Right Honorable 
 Vesey Fitzgerald, his cher gargon, he would have worked Ber- 
 nadotte to the stumps, merely by treating him just as if he were 
 a motion in the Court of Exchequer." Government, having 
 found that no bribes could induce Fitzgerald to lend his sanc- 
 tion to the proposed Union, dismissed him from office in 1798 ; 
 the Bar, however, passed a resolution thanking the Ex-Prime 
 Sergeant "for his noble conduct in preferring the good of his 
 country to rank and emolument;" and determined to allow 
 him the same precedence which he had enjoyed when in office, 
 the result of which was the occurrence of the following! ncident 
 in the Court of Chancery : 
 
 " It was motion day, and, according to usage, the senior 
 barrister present is called on by the Bench to make his motions, 
 after which the next in precedence is called, until the whole of 
 the Bar have been called on, down to the youngest barrister. 
 The Attorney and Solicitor-Generals having made their mo- 
 tions, the Chancellor called on Mr. Smith, the father of the 
 bar, who bowed and said Mr. Saurin had precedence of him ; 
 he then called on Mr. Saurin, who bowed and said Mr. Pon- 
 sonby had precedence of him ; Mr. Ponsonby, in like manner, 
 said Mr. Curran had precedence ; and Mr. Curran said he could 
 not think of moving any thing before Mr. Fitzgerald, who cer- 
 tainly had precedence of him ; the Chancellor then called on 
 Mr. Fitzgerald, who bowed and said he had no motion to make ; 
 and this caused the Chancellor to speak out : ' I see, gentle- 
 men, you have not relinquished the business ; it would be bet- 
 ter at once for his Majesty's counsel, if they do not choose to 
 conform to the regulations of the court, to resign their silk 
 gowns, than sit thus in a sort of rebellion against their sove- 
 reign. I dismiss the causes in which these gentlemen are re- 
 tained, with costs on both sides ;' and thus saying, Lord Clare 
 
 VOL. III. T
 
 274 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 left the bench. The attorneys immediately determined they 
 would not charge any costs." 
 
 This honorary precedence was continued to Fitzgerald until 
 he desired that it should be relinquished as injurious to the 
 public business. In the House of Commons he spoke ably 
 against the Union, the illegality of which he maintained by 
 legal arguments. 
 
 Sir Jonah Barringtoii tells us that " no man in Ireland was 
 more sincere in his opposition to a Union than Mr. Fitzgerald ; 
 he was the first who declared his intention of writing its his- 
 tory. He afterwards relinquished the design, and urged me," 
 says Barrington, " to commence it he handed me the prospec- 
 tus of what he intended, and no man in Ireland knew the ex- 
 act details of that proceeding better than he." Fitzgerald died 
 in 1835, aged ninety-three years. By his wife, Catherine 
 Vesey, elevated in 1826 to the Irish peerage, as Baroness 
 Fitzgerald de Vesci, he left a son, William, who, in 1815, as- 
 sumed the additional name of Vesey, and successively held the 
 posts of Chancellor of the Irish Exchequer, Paymaster Gene- 
 ral of the Forces, President of the Board of Trade and of the 
 Board of Control. Hewas created a peer in 18 35, as Baron Fitz- 
 gerald of Desmond and Clan Gibbon, county of Cork, and died, 
 unmarried, in 1843, when the peerage expired, and the Barony 
 devolved upon his brother, the Rev. Henry Vesey Fitzgerald. 
 
 Among the other residents in Molesworth-street, in the 
 last century, were Eobert Emmet, State Physician (1770 to 
 1776); Viscount Ranelagh (1786); Lord Blayney (1796); 
 and Lord Carberry (1799). 
 
 On the western side of Molesworth-street stands a large 
 house, said to have been erected by Lord Lisle towards the 
 middle of the last century, which was occupied from 1783 by 
 Thomas Kingsbury, LL.D., Commissioner of Bankruptcy and 
 Vicar of Kildare, whose daughter, Henrietta, became the wife 
 of Charles Robert Maturin, the novelist ; in the year 1819 this
 
 KILDAHE HOUSE. 275 
 
 building came into the possession of its present occupier, who 
 gave it the name of " Lisle House," by which it is now known. 
 James Fitz Gerald, twentieth Earl of Kildare, soon after 
 his accession to his father's title in 1744, decided on erecting 
 a family mansion on a portion of " Moles worth fields ;" and to 
 a person who observed that the site was remote, he is said to 
 have replied : " they will follow me wherever / go." The 
 foundation stone of the new edifice, designed by Richard 
 Castle, was laid in 1745, with the following inscription : 
 
 "DOMFM 
 
 CU-TITS HIC LAPIS FTJXDAMEX 
 
 IX AGKO MOLESWORTHIAXA, 
 
 EXTRUI CURAVTT 
 
 JACOBTJS, 
 
 COMES KILDARIJG YICESIMTJS, 
 AXXO DOMINI, MDCCXXXXV. 
 
 HIXC DISCAS, 
 
 QTnCTTNQTTE TEMPORTTM IXFORTTJXIO 
 IX RTJTNAS TAM MAGXIFIC^ DOMITS 
 
 IXCIDERIS, 
 
 QI7AXTUS ILLE FUIT, QTJT EXTRUXIT, 
 QTJAMQUE CADITCA SIXT OMX1A, 
 CTTM TAUA TALTTJM VTRORTJM 
 
 MOXTMEXTA 
 CASIBTJS SUPERESSE XON VALEANT. 
 
 RICHARDO CA8TELLO, ARCH." 
 
 When Prince Charles Edward landed in Scotland in 1 745, 
 the Earl of Kildare volunteered, at his own expense, to levy, 
 clothe, arm, and maintain a regiment of cavalry for the service 
 of King George ; his offer was, however, declined, and in 1746 
 he married Lady Emily Mary Lennox, sister to the Duke of 
 Richmond, and one of the most celebrated beauties of the day. 
 The portraits of the Earl and Countess, painted by Reynolds, 
 now preserved at Carton, were engraved, in the last century, 
 by James Mac Ardel, one of the pupils of John Brooks of 
 Cork-hill, noticed in our account of that locality. In 1753, 
 
 T2
 
 276 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Lord Kildare took a leading part in opposing the proceedings 
 of the English Ministry in its attempt to obtain a Parliamen- 
 tary recognition of the right of the King of England to dispose 
 of the surplus then in the Irish Exchequer ; his popularity was 
 also much increased by his proceeding direct to the King with 
 an independent memorial impugning the conduct of the Minis- 
 ters in Ireland. Among the medals struck to commemorate 
 the Parliamentary rejection of the Money Bill, as altered by the 
 English Cabinet, was one presenting a full-length portrait of 
 the Earl, sword in hand, guarding a sum of money, heaped 
 upon a table, from the grasp of a hand outstretched from a 
 cloud, with the motto, " Touch not ! says Kildare." So 
 great was the exultation of the populace at the defeat of the 
 "Castle party" on the 16th of November, 1753, that Lord 
 Kildare, who was said to have rejected the most alluring 
 overtures of Government, was occupied for an entire hour in 
 passing from the Parliament-house on College-green to " Kil- 
 dare-house." 
 
 " Lord Kildare resided in Ireland almost constantly. He 
 not only supported his senatorial character with uniform inde- 
 pendence, but, as a private nobleman, was truly excellent, liv- 
 ing either in Dublin or among his numerous tenantry, whom 
 he encouraged and protected. In every situation he was of 
 the most unequivocal utility to his country ; at Carton, in the 
 Irish House of Lords, or that of England (he was a member of 
 both), or speaking the language of truth and justice in the 
 closet of his Sovereign. No man ever understood his part in so- 
 ciety better than he did ; he was conscious of his rank, and 
 upheld it to the utmost ; but, let it be added, that he was re- 
 markable for the dignified, attractive politeness, or, what the 
 French call, nobleness of his manners. So admirable was he 
 in this respect, that when he entertained some Lord Lieute- 
 nants, the general declaration on leaving the room was, that, 
 from the peculiar grace of his behaviour, he appeared to be 
 more the Viceroy than they did. He was some years older
 
 LEINSTER HOUSE. 277 
 
 than Lord Charlemont, and took a lead in politics when that 
 nobleman was abroad, and for some time after his return to 
 Ireland ; but when the House of Lords became more the scene 
 of action, they, with the late Lord Moira, generally co-ope- 
 rated ; and, in truth, three noblemen, so independent, this 
 country, indeed any country, has seldom seen." 
 
 In 1761 the ancient title of Earl of Kildare was merged in 
 that of Marquis, and in 1766 his Lordship was created Duke of 
 Leinster, a dignity which he enjoyed for only seven years. 
 This Dukedom had been first conferred, in 1691, by William 
 III. upon Meinhardt, second son of Frederic Schonberg, the 
 famous veteran who fell at the battle of the Boyne. Meinhardt 
 Schonberg, also a distinguished officer, married Charlotte, 
 daughter of Charles Louis, Elector Palatine, and dying with- 
 out issue male in 1719, the title of this Dutch Duke of Leinster 
 became extinct. 
 
 William Robert, second Irish Duke of Leinster, born in 
 1748, commenced his political career in 1767, when he success- 
 fully contested the representation of the city of Dublin with 
 John La Touche, the Government candidate, as already no- 
 ticed in our account of that family. Shortly after his accession 
 to the title in 1773, masquerades were introduced into Dublin, 
 and conducted on a scale of great splendour. On such occa- 
 sions, before the company assembled at the Music Hall or the 
 Rotunda, it was customary for the various characters to visit 
 and walk through the state apartments of the mansions of the 
 principal nobility and gentry in the city, which were usually 
 thrown open for their reception, and hospitably provided with 
 the choicest delicacies for the masqueraders, who were thus al- 
 ways sumptuously regaled at Leinster house. When masqued 
 balls were held at his mansion, the Duke, standing at the head 
 of the great staircase, received and welcomed the various 
 groups. His Qrace patronized these amusements very exten- 
 sively ; and at a great masquerade at the Music Hall in Fish- 
 amble-street, on St. Patrick's eve, 1778, he appeared dressed
 
 278 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 as an itinerant fruit-vender, significantly changing his oranges 
 for shamrocks as St. Patrick's day dawned. 
 
 The Dublin Volunteers, on their formation, unanimously 
 elected the Duke of Leinster their General, investing him with 
 almost regal honours : a guard of Volunteers was mounted at 
 his door, a body-guard appointed to attend him on important 
 occasions, and sentinels placed on his box when he visited the 
 theatre. " William, Duke of Leinster, had long been the fa- 
 vourite and the patron of the Irish people ; and never did the 
 physiognomist enjoy a more fortunate elucidation of his science ; 
 the softness of philanthropy, the placidity of temper, the open- 
 ness of sincerity, the sympathy of friendship, and the ease of 
 integrity, stamped corresponding impressions on his artless 
 countenance, and left but little to conjecture as to the compo- 
 sition of his character. His elevated rank and extensive con- 
 nexions gave him a paramount lead in Irish politics, which his 
 naked talents would not otherwise have justified. Though his 
 capacity was respectable, it was not brilliant ; and his abilities 
 were not adapted to the highest class of political pre-eminence. 
 On public subjects, his conduct sometimes wanted energy, and 
 his pursuits perseverance. In some points he was weak, and 
 in some instances erroneous ; but in all he was honest. From 
 the day of his maturity to the moment of his dissolution, he 
 was the undeviating friend of the Irish nation : he considered 
 its interests and his own indissolubly connected ; alive to the 
 oppressions and miseries of the people, his feeling heart parti- 
 cipated in their misfortunes, and felt the smart of every lash 
 which the scourge of power inflicted on his country. As a 
 soldier, and as a patriot, he performed his duties ; and in his 
 plain and honourable disposition was found collected a happy 
 specimen of those qualities which best compose the character 
 of an Irish gentleman. He took an early and active part in 
 promoting the formation and discipline of the Volunteer asso- 
 ciations: he raised many corps, and commanded the Dublin 
 army. The ancient celebrity of his family, the vast extent of
 
 LEINSTER HOUSE. 279 
 
 his possessions, and his affability in private intercourse, co- 
 operated with his own popularity in extending his influence ; 
 and few persons ever enjoyed a more general and merited in- 
 fluence amongst the Irish people." 
 
 The Duke's portrait was engraved by J. Dixon in 1775, 
 from a painting by Reynolds; and in 1792 by Hodges, from 
 an original by C. G. Stuart. 
 
 The various Volunteer corps were constantly drilled and 
 paraded on Leinster lawn, from which, in view of an im- 
 mense concourse of spectators, on the 19th of July, 1785, 
 the first Irish aeronaut, Richard Crosbie, son of Sir Paul 
 Crosbie, made an ascent, of which we have the following par- 
 ticulars: 
 
 " At half-past two P. M. Mr. Crosbie ascended with an 
 elegant balloon from the Duke of Leinster' s lawn, after being 
 twice forced to descend ; but, on throwing out more of his bal- 
 last, he surmounted all obstacles. The current of the wind, 
 which carried him at first at due east, soon after seemed inclined 
 to bear him north-east, and pointed his voyage towards White- 
 haven. When the balloon was seventeen minutes in view, it 
 immersed in a cloud, but in four minutes after, its appearance 
 again was testified by the numerous plaudits of the multitude. 
 It now continued in sight, by the aid of achromatic glasses, 
 thirty-two minutes from its ascent, when it was entirely lost 
 to the view ; some rockets were then sent oif, and the troops 
 of Volunteers, who attended, discharged their last volleys. Mr. 
 Crosbie had about 300 Ibs. weight of ballast, but discharged 
 half a hundred in his first rise of ascension. At upwards of 
 fourteen leagues from the Irish shore, he found himself within 
 clear sight of both lands of the sister kingdoms, at which time, 
 he says, it is impossible to give the human imagination any 
 adequate idea of the unspeakable beauties which the scenery 
 of the sea, bounded by both lands, presented. ' It was such,' 
 said he, as should make me risk a life to enjoy again.' lie 
 rose, at one time, so high that the mercury in the barometer
 
 280 H1STOUY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 sunk entirely into its globe, and he was constrained to put on 
 his oil-cloth cloak, but unluckily found his bottle of cordial 
 broke, and could obtain no refreshment. The upper current 
 of air was different from the lower, and the cold so intense that 
 his ink was frozen. He experienced a strong prepulsion on 
 the tympanum of the ears, and a sickness which must have 
 been aggravated by the anxiety and fatigue of the day. At 
 his utmost height he thought himself stationary ; but liberating 
 some of his gas, he descended to a current of air, blowing 
 north, and extremely rough. He now entered a black cloud, 
 and encountered a prepulsion of wind, with lightning and 
 thunder, which brought him rapidly towards the surface of the 
 water. Here the balloon made a circuit, but, falling lower, the 
 water entered his car, and he lost his notes of observation ; but 
 recollecting that his watch was at the bottom of the car, he 
 groped for it, and put it into his pocket. All his endeavours 
 to throw out ballast were of no avail; the intemperance of the 
 weather plunged him into the ocean. He now thought of his 
 cork waistcoat, and by much difficulty having put it on, the 
 propriety of his idea became manifestly useful in the construc- 
 tion of his boat, as by the admission of the water into the lower 
 part of it, and the suspension of his bladders, which were ar- 
 ranged at the top, the water, added to his own weight, became 
 proper ballast, and the balloon maintaining its poise, it became 
 a powerful sail, and by means of a snatch-block to his car, or 
 both, he went before the wind as regularly as a sailing vessel. 
 In this situation, he found himself inclined to eat a morsel of 
 fowl. When at the distance of another league, he discovered 
 some vessels crowding after him ; but as his progress outstrip- 
 ped all their endeavours, he lengthened the space of the balloon 
 from the car, which gave a consequent check to the rapidity of 
 his sailing, when the Dunleary barge came up, and fired a gun. 
 One of the sailors jumped into his car, and made it fast to the 
 barge, on which the aeronaut came out with the same compo- 
 sure and fortitude of mind which marked the whole complex-
 
 LEINSTER HOUSE. 281 
 
 ion of his adventure. At this time another of the sailors, after 
 the car was brought on board, laid hold of the haulyard, which 
 suspended the balloon, and it being released from its under 
 weight, a ludicrous scene ensued, for the balloon ascended 
 above one hundred feet into the air, to the utmost extent of the 
 rope, the fellow bawling most vehemently, under the appre- 
 hension of taking a flight to the clouds ; but being dragged 
 down by the united efforts of the whole crew, the poor tar 
 was, for once, eased of his fears of going to heaven. The barge 
 now steered for Dunleary, and towed the balloon after it. 
 About ten o'clock they landed. On the morning of the 20th 
 Mr. Crosbie had the honour of receiving the congratulations 
 and breakfasting with their Graces the Duke and Duchess of 
 Rutland, at Mr. Lee's elegant lodge at Dunleary. He was 
 afterwards conducted to town by Lord Ranelagh and Sir Fre- 
 derick Flood, Bart., chairmen of his committee, and at two 
 o'clock he waited on his Grace the Duke-of Leinster, at Lein- 
 ster House, and afterwards went to Dr. Austin's, at Stephen's- 
 green. The populace, having received intimrtion of this, 
 crowded to the house, and notwithstanding all his endeavours 
 to the contrary, they forced him into a chair, and carried him 
 in triumph to the College. After he had remained at Mr. 
 Hutchinson's house an hour, his committee waited on him, and 
 a prodigious multitude having gathered in College-green, and 
 insisting on chairing him again, he found himself in reality 
 constrained to submit, and the intrepid aeronaut was borne on 
 the shoulders of his friends, his committee walking before him, 
 to the Castle, and afterwards, in the same procession, to his 
 house in North Cumberland- street, amidst the acclamations of 
 surrounding thousands." 
 
 " Crosbie," says one of his friends, " was of immense sta- 
 ture, being above six feet three inches high : he had a comely- 
 looking, fat, ruddy face, and was beyond all comparison the 
 most ingenious mechanic I ever knew. He had a smattering 
 of all sciences, and there was scarcely an art or trade of which
 
 282 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 he had not some practical knowledge. His chambers at Col- 
 lege were like a general workshop of all kinds of artizans ; he 
 was very good-tempered, exceedingly strong, and as brave as 
 a lion, but as dogged as a mule ; nothing could change a re- 
 solution of his when once made, and nothing could check or 
 resist his perseverance to carry it into execution. I never saw 
 two persons in face and figure more alike than Crosbie and 
 Daniel O'Connell, but Crosbie was the taller by two inches, 
 and it was not so easy to discover that he was an Irishman." 
 
 Leinster House was described as follows by Thomas 
 Maltonin 1794: 
 
 l( Leinster House, the town residence of his Grace the 
 Duke of Leinster, is the most stately private edifice in the 
 city, pleasantly situated at the south-east extremity of the town, 
 commanding prospects few places can exhibit, and possessing 
 advantages few city fabrics can obtain, by extent of ground 
 both in front and rear ; in front, laid out in a spacious court- 
 yard ; the ground in the rear, made a beautiful lawn, with a 
 handsome shrubbery on each side, screening the adjacent 
 houses from view ; enjoying, in the tumult of a noisy metro- 
 polis, all the retirement of the country. A dwarf wall, which 
 divides the lawn from the street, extends almost the entire 
 side of a handsome square, called Merrion-square. The form 
 of the building is a rectangle, one hundred and forty feet long, 
 by seventy feet deep, with a circular bow in the middle of the 
 north end, rising two stories. Adjoining the west front, 
 which is the principal, are short Doric colonnades, communi- 
 cating to the offices ; making, on the whole, an extent of more 
 than two hundred and ten feet, the breadth of the court-yard. 
 The court is surrounded by a high stone wall, ornamented 
 with rusticated piers, which, after proceeding parallel with 
 the ends of the building, as far as a gateway on the western 
 side and another opposite it, the court being uniform, it takes 
 a circular sweep from one gate to the other, but broke in the 
 middle by a larger and handsomer gateway, directly fronting
 
 LE1NSTE11 HOUSE. 283 
 
 the house, communicating to the street, and exhibits there a 
 plain, but not inelegant, rusticated front. The house, or 
 rather the gateway of the court-yard, is in Kildare-street, so 
 named from one of the titles of his Grace, who is Marquis of 
 Kildare, and is the termination of a broad genteel street, called 
 Molesworth-street. The garden front has not much archi- 
 tectural embellishment ; it is plain, but pleasing, with a broad 
 area before it, the whole length of the front, in order to obtain 
 light to offices in an under story, but which receive none from 
 the west, to the court-yard. From the middle of the front, 
 on a level with the ground-floor, a handsome double flight of 
 steps extends across the area to the lawn. The greater part 
 of the building is of native stone [quarried at Ardbraccan, 
 in the county of Meath], but the west front, and all the orna- 
 mental parts throughout, are of Portland. South of the 
 building are commodious offices and stables. The inside of 
 this mansion in every respect corresponds with the grandeur 
 of its external appearance. 
 
 " The hall is lofty, rising two stories, ornamented with 
 three-quarter columns of the Doric order, and an enriched en- 
 tablature ; the ceiling is adorned with stucco ornaments, on 
 coloured grounds ; and the whole is embellished with many 
 rich and tasty ornaments. To the right of the hall are the 
 family private apartments ; the whole convenient, beautifully 
 ornamented, and elegantly furnished : overlooking the lawn is 
 the great dining parlour, and adjoining it, at the north end, is 
 an elegant long room, the whole depth of the house, twenty- 
 four feet wide, called the supper room, adorned with sixteen 
 fluted Ionic columns, supporting a rich ceiling. Over the 
 supper room is the picture gallery, of the same dimensions, 
 containing many fine paintings by the first masters, with other 
 ornaments, chosen and displayed with great elegance; the 
 ceiling is arched, and highly enriched and painted, from de- 
 signs by Mr. Wyatt. The most distinguished pictures are a 
 Student, drawing from a bust, by llembrandt ; the K:ipe of
 
 284 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Europa, by Claude Lorraine ; the Triumph of Amphi trite, 
 by Luca Giordano ; two capital pictures of Rubens and his 
 two wives, by Van Dyck ; dogs killing a stag ; a fine picture 
 of St. Catherine ; a landscape, by Barret ; with many others. 
 In a bow, in the middle of one side, is a fine marble statue, an 
 Adonis, executed by Poncet; a fine bust of Niobe, and of 
 Apollo, are placed one on each side. In the windows of the 
 bow are some specimens of modern stained glass, by Jervis. 
 Several of the apartments on this floor are enriched with superb 
 gildings, and elegantly furnished with white damask. From 
 the windows of the attic story, to the east, are most delight- 
 ful prospects over the Bay of Dublin, which, for three miles, 
 is divided by that great work, the South Wall, with a beau- 
 tiful light-house at the termination : the sea, for a considera- 
 ble extent, bounds the horizon, and every vessel coming in or 
 going out of the bay must pass in distinct view. To the left 
 is seen the beautiful promontory of Howth, the charming low 
 grounds of Marino, and Sheds of Clontarf : to the right the 
 pleasing village and seats of the Black Rock, the remote 
 grounds and hills of Dalkey, and the Sugar Loaves, backed 
 by the extensive mountains of Wicklow, which most pictu- 
 resquely close the view. The finishing of the picture gallery, 
 and ^making several improvements at the north end of the 
 house, were reserved to display the taste of the present pos- 
 sessor [1794], William Robert, Duke of Leinster, whose ex- 
 cellent judgment therein is eminently conspicuous, as well as in 
 many other instances at his Grace's country residence, at Car- 
 town, near Dublin ; and all," adds Malton, " evince his pa- 
 triotism and refined enjoyment of a domestic life." 
 
 The Duke's popularity suffered a temporary diminution 
 from the misconstructions placed upon his expressions in the 
 House of Lords, where he declared that, in his opinion, Ire- 
 land should, for the present, rest satisfied with the concessions 
 extorted from Great Britain, and calmly await further instal- 
 ments of her rights. In 1789 a series of magnificent enter-
 
 LEINSTER HOUSE. 285 
 
 tainments was given here by the Duke to those who sup- 
 ported his Parliamentary party on the Regency question. 
 The " Whig Club," formed in the same year to oppose the 
 violence of the Government partizans, frequently assembled at 
 Leinster House, where also were held the meetings of the 
 " Opposition," and of the leaders of the movement for the re- 
 moval of the Catholic disabilities. From his return to Europe 
 from America in 1789, Leinster House was the occasional re- 
 sidence of the Duke's son, Lord Edward Fitzgerald. In 1791, 
 while attending his place in the House of Commons, as Mem- 
 ber for Kildare, we find Lord Edward observing that he, with 
 his brother Henry, had been " living quite alone hi Leinster 
 House," whence they generally rode to the Blackrock ; and, in 
 1794, after his marriage with Pamela, he writes to hismother : 
 " I confess Leinster House does not inspire the brightest ideas. 
 By the by, what a melancholy house it is ; you can't conceive 
 how much it appeared so when first we came from Kildare ; 
 but it is going off a little. A poor country housemaid I 
 brought with me cried for two days, and said she thought she 
 was in a prison. Pamela and I amuse ourselves a good deal 
 by walking about the streets." Lord Edward Fitzgerald, 
 after having joined the United Irish organization, held various 
 conferences here with Thomas Reynolds, then secretly in 
 the pay of the Government. This informer, in his depositions, 
 swore as follows : 
 
 " About 4 o'clock on Sunday, the llth of March, I called 
 at Leinster House upon Lord Edward Fitzgerald. I had a 
 printed paper in my hand, which I had picked up somewhere, 
 purporting to be directions or orders, signed by Counsellor 
 Saurin, to the Lawyers' corps. These required them, in case 
 of riot or alarm, to repair.to Smithfield, and such as had not 
 ball-cartridge were to get them at his house, and such as were 
 going out of town, and did not think their arms safe, were to 
 deposit them with him ; and there was a little paper inside, 
 which mentioned that their orders were to be kept secret.
 
 286 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Lord Edward Fitzgerald, upon reading this paper, seemed 
 greatly agitated: he said he thought Government intended 
 to arrest him, and he wished he could get to France, to hasten 
 the invasion, which he could do by his intimacy with Talley- 
 rand Perigord, one of the French Ministers. He said he 
 would not approve of a general invasion at first, but that the 
 French had some very fine fast-sailing frigates, and that he 
 would put on board them as many English and Irish officers 
 as he could procure to come over from France, and as many 
 men as were capable of drilling, and stores and ammunitions 
 of different kinds, and run them into some port in this coun- 
 try ; he said he thought Wexford might do : that it would be 
 unsuspected, and if they succeeded they could establish a ral- 
 lying point until other helps should come. Lord Edward, 
 after this conversation, walked up and down the room in a 
 very agitated manner : ' No,' said he, ' it is impossible ; Go- 
 vernment cannot be informed of it ; they never have been able 
 to know where the Provincial meet.' Shortly after this the 
 servant came, and asked was he ready for dinner. I went 
 away ; he wanted me to stay dinner, but I would not." 
 
 On the day after this conversation, the United Irish De- 
 legates assembled at Bond's were arrested through the infor- 
 mations lodged by Reynolds ; Lord Edward not having been 
 found in their company, a separate warrant was issued for his 
 apprehension, and he was about to enter Leinster House when 
 he received intelligence that the soldiery were then in the 
 mansion by virtue of their authority. 
 
 Of the state of things at the time in Leinster House, the 
 following account is given in a journal of Lady Sarah Napier, 
 aunt to Lord Edward Fitzgerald, and mother of the historian 
 of the Peninsular war : 
 
 " The separate warrant went by a messenger, attended by 
 Sheriff Carl ton, and a party of soldiers, commanded by a 
 Major O'Kelly, into Leinster House. The servants ran up 
 to Lady Edward, who was ill with the gathering in her breast,
 
 LEINSTER HOUSE. 287 
 
 and told her ; she said directly, ' there is no help, send them 
 up :' they asked very civilly for her papers and Edward's, 
 and she gave them all. Her apparent distress moved Major 
 O'Kelly to tears ; and their whole conduct was proper. They 
 left her, and soon returned (Major Boyle having been with 
 two dragoons to Frescati, and taken such papers as were in 
 their sitting-room, and not found Edward) to search Leinster 
 House for him, and came up with great good nature, to say, 
 ' Madam, we wish to tell you our search is in vain, Lord 
 Edward has escaped.' Dr. Lindsay returning from hence 
 [Carton] went to Leinster House to her, and there found her 
 in the greatest agitation, the humour quite gone back, and he 
 was a good deal alarmed for her ; but, by care, she is, thank 
 God, recovered. Louisa [Conolly] went to Leinster House, 
 where poor little Pamela's fair, meek, and pitiable account of 
 it all moved her to the greatest degree, and gained my sister's 
 good opinion of her sense and good conduct. My sister 
 charged her not to name his name not to give a soul a hint of 
 where he was, if she knew it, and to stay at Leinster House, 
 seeing everybody that called, and keep strict silence, to which 
 Pamela agreed. By this time," continues Lady Napier, " I 
 had heard from others, that all Dublin was in consternation 
 on Monday morning ; that upon the papers being carried to 
 the Privy Council, the Chancellor was sent for at the courts 
 to attend it ; that he dashed out in a hurry, and found a mob 
 at the door, who abused him, and he returned the abuse by 
 cursing and swearing like a madman. He met Lord West- 
 meath, and they went into a shop, and came out with pistols, 
 and the Chancellor thus went on foot to Council." 
 
 Soon after these events, Lady Pamela Fitzgerald removed 
 from Leinster House, which appears never to have been re- 
 visited by Lord Edward, although it was reported in the city 
 that he was for some time concealed there. Tradition states 
 that one of his last interviews with his lady took place in the
 
 288 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 small house now known as No. 23, Molesworth-street. The 
 Duke of Leinster invariably opposed the tyrannical proceed- 
 ings of Lord Clare and his associates, and consequently was 
 not summoned to the Privy Council of Ireland when violent 
 measures were contemplated. His name appears at the head 
 of the list of Irish Peers who protested against the Union 
 with Great Britain. Lord Charles Fitzgerald, in opposition 
 to the Duke, supported that measure, and received for com- 
 pensation the title of Baron Lecale, which became extinct 
 on his death in 1810. Augustus Frederick, the present 
 Duke, succeeded to the title in 1804, and having, in 1815, 
 offered to dispose of Leinster House for the sum of 20,000, 
 the Royal Dublin Society finally became his Grace's tenants 
 by payment of 10,000, together with an annual rent of 
 600, and assembled for the first time in Kildare-street, on 
 the 1st day of June, 1815. 
 
 The original family private apartments in Leinster House 
 are now used as the offices of the Secretary, Registrar, &c. ; 
 the great dining-parlour is the present conversation-room ; 
 the supper-room is the Society's board-room ; and the picture- 
 gallery has been converted into a library, to which the draw- 
 ing-room, for sometime used as the Society's Museum, has 
 been recently added. 
 
 Previously to the building of " Kildare House," a few 
 other mansions had been erected on that portion of " Moles- 
 worth-fields" since called Kildare-street." Richard Castle 
 was architect of two houses in Kildare-place, one for the Mas- 
 sereene family; the other for Sir Skeffington Smith. John 
 Ensor, who erected several houses in this locality, set in 1753 
 the dwelling-house on the north-western corner of " Coote- 
 street, otherwise Kildare-street," to Mary Countess-Dowager 
 of Kildare, for 999 years, at the annual rent of 36. Here also 
 were the residences of Arthur Smith (1755), Bishop of Down 
 and Connor, and of William Carmichacl, Bishop of Meath,
 
 KILDARE-STREET. 289 
 
 whose house, next to Lord Kildare's, was in 1762 occupied 
 by Denison Cumberland, Bishop ofClonfert, father of Richard 
 Cumberland, 
 
 " The Terence of England, the mender of hearts." 
 
 The following Peers resided in Kildare-street, in the 
 last century : Viscount Hillsborough (1750) ; Lord Doneraile 
 (1751), whose house is now known as No. 45; the Earl of 
 Louth(l783); Viscount Dungannon(l 783) ; Lord Muskerry 
 (1783) ; the Earl of Courtown (1783) ; Lord Harberton (1783), 
 whose house is the present No. 5 ; the Earl of Portarlington 
 (1793); Lord Trimleston (1799); and Lord Rossmore, the 
 site of whose spacious mansion is occupied by three houses, 
 built about 1837, which at present form Elvidge's hotel. 
 Hussey Burgh resided in Kildare-street from 1770 to 1772 ; 
 John Hely Hutchinson, created Prime Sergeant in 1761, 
 resided here till he was appointed Provost of the University 
 of Dublin in 1774; and here also Sir Henry Cavendish, 
 Teller of the Exchequer, erected two houses on a plot of 
 ground demised to him by James, Earl of Kildare. Caven- 
 dish died in 1776, owing to the Government the sum of 
 67,305 7*. 2c?., a portion of which was recovered from his 
 representatives; in November, 1782, the interest in one of the 
 houses erected here by him was conveyed to David La Touche, 
 the younger, " in trust and for the use of the gentlemen of 
 the Kildare-street Club," an institution founded in that year, 
 on the occasion, it has been said, of the Right Honourable 
 William Burton Conyngham having been black-balled at 
 Daly's in Dame-street, already noticed. In 1786 the Club, 
 through their treasurer, La Touche, purchased the second 
 house erected by Cavendish, which, with the first one, forms 
 the present Kildare-street Club-house. 
 
 Barry Yelverton, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer, re- 
 sided in Kildare-street from 1792 to 1798 ; here also was the 
 residence of Richard Power, Baron of the same Court, from 
 1771 to his death in 1793. 
 
 VOL. III. U
 
 290 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 " Baron Power," says one of his con tern poraries, " was 
 considered an excellent lawyer, and was altogether one of the 
 most curious characters I have met in the profession. He was 
 a morose, fat fellow, affecting to be genteel : he was very 
 learned, very rich, and very ostentatious. Unfortunately for 
 himself, Baron Power held the office of Usher of the Court of 
 Chancery, which was principally remunerated by fees on mo- 
 nies lodged in that Court. Lord Clare (then Chancellor) 
 hated and teased him, because Power was arrogant himself, 
 and never would succumb to the arrogance of Fitzgibbon. 
 The Chancellor had a certain control over the Usher; at least 
 he had a sort of license for abusing him by inuendo, as an offi- 
 cer of the Court, and most unremittingly did he exercise that 
 license. Baron Power had a large private fortune, and always 
 acted in office strictly according to the custom of his prede- 
 cessors ; but was attacked so virulently and pertinaciously by 
 Lord Clare, that, having no redress, it made a deep impres- 
 sion, first on his pride, then on his mind, and at length on his 
 intellect. Lord Clare followed up his blow, as was common 
 with him : he made incessant attacks on the Baron, who chose 
 rather to break than bend, and who, unable longer to stand 
 this persecution, determined on a prank of all others the most 
 agreeable to his adversary ! The Baron walked quietly down 
 early one fine morning to the South Wall, which runs into the 
 sea, about two miles from Dublin ; there he very deliberately 
 filled his coat-pockets with pebbles, and having accomplished 
 thatbusiness, as deliberately walked into the ocean, which, how- 
 ever, did not retain him long, for his body was thrown ashore 
 with great contempt by the tide. His estates devolved upon 
 his nephews, two of the most respectable men of their coun- 
 try ; and the Lord Chancellor enjoyed the double gratification 
 of destroying a Baron, and recommending a more submissive 
 officer in his place. Had the matter ended here, it might not 
 have been so very remarkable ; but the precedent was too re- 
 spectable and inviting not to be followed by persons who had
 
 KILDARE-STREET. 291 
 
 any particular reasons for desiring strangulation ; as a Judge 
 drowning himself gave the thing a sort of dignified legal eclat ! 
 It so happened that a Mr. Morgal, then an attorney residing 
 in Dublin (of large dimensions, and with shin-bones curved 
 like the segment of a rainbow), had, for good and sufficient 
 reasons, long appeared rather dissatisfied with himself and 
 other people. But as attorneys were considered much more 
 likely to induce their neighbours to cut their throats than to 
 execute that office upon themselves, nobody ever suspected 
 Morgal of any intention to shorten his days in a voluntary 
 manner. However, it appeared that the signal success of 
 Baron Power had excited in the attorney a great ambition to 
 get rid of his sensibilities by a similar exploit. In compli- 
 ance with such his impression, he adopted the very same pre- 
 liminaries as the Baron had done ; walked off by the very 
 same road, to the very same spot ; and having had the advan- 
 tage of knowing from the Coroner's inquest that the Baron 
 had put pebbles into his pocket with good effect, adopted 
 likewise this judicial precedent, and committed himself in due 
 form to the hands of Father Neptune, who took equal care of 
 him as he had done of the Baron ; and, after having suffocated 
 him so completely as to defy the exertions of the Humane 
 Society, sent his body floating ashore, to the full as bloated 
 and buoyant as Baron Power's had been. As a sequel to this 
 little anecdote of Crosby Morgal, it is worth observing, 
 though I do not recollect any of the attorneys immediately 
 following his example, four or five of his clients very shortly 
 after started from this world of their own accord, to try, as 
 people then said, if they could any way overtake Crosby, who 
 had left them no conveniences for staying long behind them." 
 John Forbes, Recorder and Parliamentary representative 
 of Drogheda, one of the most zealous advocates of Catholic 
 Emancipation and Parliamentary reform, resided in Kildare- 
 street from 1785 to 1796. The "Whig Club" occasionally 
 assembled in Forbes 1 house, and the Catholic Convention of 
 u2
 
 292 HISTOllY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 1793 originated from a meeting held here in 1792, at which 
 were present George Ponsonby, Lord Donoughmore, Grat- 
 tan, Keogh, Edward Byrne, and others. 
 
 " Without any very distinguished natural abilities, and 
 but moderately acquainted with literature, by his zealous at- 
 tachment to Mr. Grattan, his public principles, and attention 
 to business, Mr. Forbes received much respect, and acquired 
 some influence in the House of Commons. He had practised 
 at the Bar with a probability of success, but he mistook his 
 course, and became a statesman, as which he never could rise 
 to any distinction. As a lawyer, he undervalued himself, 
 and was modest; as a statesman, he over-rated himself, and 
 was presumptuous. He benefited his party by his indefatiga- 
 ble zeal, and reflected honour upon it by his character; he 
 was a good Irishman, and, to the last, undeviating in his 
 public principles. He died in honourable exile, as Governor 
 of the Bahama Isles." 
 
 In Kildare-street also was the residence of Sir Kildare 
 Dixon Borrowes, Bart., of Giltown, Co. Kildare, of Avhose 
 house here Thomas Moore has left the following juvenile re- 
 miniscence : 
 
 " Among the most intimate friends of my schoolmaster 
 [Samuel Whyte] were the Rev. Joseph Lefanu and his wife ; 
 she was the sister of Richard Brinsley Sheridan. This lady, 
 who had a good deal of the talent of her family, with a large 
 alloy of affectation, was, like the rest of the world at that 
 time, etrongly smitten with the love of acting ; and at some 
 private theatricals held at the house of a Lady Borrowes, in 
 Dublin, had played the part of Jane Shore with considerable 
 success. A repetition of the same performance took place at 
 the same little theatre in the year 1790, when Mrs. Lefanu 
 being, if I recollect right, indisposed, the part of Jane Shore 
 was played by Mr. Whyte's daughter, a very handsome and 
 well-educated young person, while I myself at that time 
 about eleven years of age recited the epilogue, being kept
 
 DAWSON-STREET. 293 
 
 up, as I well remember, to an hour so far beyond my usual 
 bed-time, as to be near falling asleep behind the scenes while 
 waiting for my debut. As this was the first time I ever saw 
 my name in print, and I am now ' myself the little hero of my 
 tale,' it is but right I should commemorate the important 
 event by transcribing a part of the play-bill on the occasion, 
 as I find it given in the second edition of my master's poetical 
 works, printed in Dublin, 1792: 
 
 " ' LADY BORROWES' PRIVATE THEATRE, Kildare-street. 
 On Tuesday, March 16th, 1790, will be performed the Tra- 
 gedy of Jane Shore. Gloucester, Rev. Peter Lefanu ; Lord 
 Hastings, Counsellor Higginson, &c., &c. ; and Jane Shore, 
 by Miss Whyte. An occasional Prologue, by Mr. Snagg. 
 Epilogue, a Squeeze to St. Paul's, Master Moore. To which 
 will be added the Farce of the Devil to Pay. Jobson, Colo- 
 nel French, &c., &c.' " 
 
 Many years subsequent to the performance here comme- 
 morated, Moore formed one of the distinguished literary and 
 artistic circle assembled by the authoress of the " Wild Irish 
 Girl" at the house of Sir Charles Morgan, which is now known 
 as No. 39, Kildare-street. 
 
 Dawson-street was so named from Joshua Dawson, who, 
 in 1705, took its site from Henry Temple, of East Sheen, 
 Surrey, and from the representatives of Hugh Price, mer- 
 chant, to whom a portion of the ground had been set by the 
 City of Dublin, in 1664. 
 
 On the south-eastern side of the new street, Dawson, in 17 10, 
 erected a mansion, which, with its gardens and park, was pur- 
 chased, in 1715, by the City of Dublin, which at that time was 
 " minded to buy a house for the constant residence and habita- 
 tion of the Lord Mayor." The Corporation gave 3500 for 
 this house and its contents, free of all rent, except "one loaf 
 of double refined sugar, of six pounds weight," to be paid to 
 the representatives of Dawson at every Christmas yearly, if 
 demanded. Dawson agreed to erect another large room, 33
 
 294 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 feet 10 inches long, and 14 feet high, to be well wainscoted, 
 painted, and completely finished ; and to leave all in good re- 
 pair, ready for the reception of the next Lord Mayor, together 
 with the goods and furniture, which are particularized as fol- 
 lows in a schedule annexed to the original lease : 
 
 " Twenty-four brass locks ; six marble chimney-pieces ; 
 the tapestry hangings, silk window-curtains and window-seats, 
 and chimney-glass in the great bed-chambers ; the gilt leather 
 hangings ; four pair of scarlet calamanco window-curtains ; 
 and chimney-glass, in the Dantzick oak parlour; the Indian 
 callicoe window-curtains and seats, and chimney-glass, in the 
 Dantzick oak parlour ; the window-curtains and chimney- 
 glass in the large eating room." 
 
 As the official residence of the Lord Mayor of Dublin, 
 this house has, since 1715, been the scene of the civic ban- 
 quets and entertainments, some notices of which will be found 
 in the subsequent portion of this work which treats of the social 
 state of the metropolis of Ireland in the last century. 
 
 The equestrian statue of George II., which had lain in 
 obscurity since its removal from Essex-bridge, was erected in 
 the garden of the Mansion House, at the expense of the Lord 
 Mayor, and exposed to public view on the 1st of August, 
 1798, the pedestal being inscribed as follows : 
 
 "Be it remembered that, at the time when rebellion and 
 disloyalty were the characteristics of the day, the loyal Cor- 
 poration of the city of Dublin re-elevated this statue of the 
 first monarch of the illustrious House of Hanover. Thomas 
 Flemming, Lord Mayor. Jonas Paisley and William Henry 
 Archer, Sheriifs. Anno Domini 1798." 
 
 The round room at the rere of the Mansion House was 
 erected at the expense of the Corporation of Dublin, in 1821, 
 for the purpose of entertaining George IV. The principal 
 portraits preserved in the Mansion House are those of Charles 
 II. ; Sir Daniel Bellingham, first Lord Mayor of Dublin ; 
 William III., the Duke of Bolton, George II., Earl of North-
 
 DAWSON-STREET. 295 
 
 uraberland, Lord Townshend, Earl of Buckinghamshire, Earl 
 Harcourt, Duke of Bedford ; and John Foster holding a scroll 
 inscribed " Si Pergama dextra defendi possent ; etiam hac 
 defensa fuissent." 
 
 The parish of St. Anne, extending over " the ground 
 lying between Grafton-street and Merrion-street, in the sub- 
 urbs of the city of Dublin," was established by Act of Par- 
 liament in 1707, and a plot of ground on the western side of 
 the site of the present Dawson-street was given by Joshua 
 Dawson, and vested by him in trustees," to the intent and 
 purpose that a parish church, vestry, and other rooms and con- 
 veniences necessary for a church, might be built thereon, for 
 the use of the vicar, minister, and parishioners of the parish." 
 After the passing of this Act, in the sixth year of the reign 
 of Queen Anne, the plot of ground given by Dawson being 
 found to be unsuitable for its intended purpose, it was, at the 
 request of the parishioners, exchanged for the site on which 
 the church now stands ; and this alteration was ratified by 
 the Act 10 George I., and confirmed by 13 George II., cap. 4. 
 
 The church was designed by Isaac Wills, architect, whose 
 plan, including a lofty ornamental steeple, was not carried 
 out, and the unfinished front is composed solely of a grand 
 portal, with half columns of the Doric order. 
 
 Having presented the site of the church, and "in regard 
 that most of the houses to be built in that parish would be 
 built by him," Dawson was permitted to nominate the first vicar 
 of St. Anne's ; the subsequent right of patronage of the vica- 
 rage, and of collation and presentation to it, being vested in 
 the Archbishop of Dublin and his successors. 
 
 The rectors of this church during the last century were 
 John Madden, Thomas Smyth (1752), Richard Chaloner 
 Cobbe (1764), Hugh Hamilton (1767), Benjamin Domville 
 (1768), Thomas Leland (1773), H.L.Walsh (1785), Robert 
 Fowler (1789), John Pomeroy (1794). 
 
 In the vaults and cemetery of St. Anne's Church were
 
 296 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 buried various persons of rank and importance, among whom 
 may be mentioned Mrs. Hemans, who was interred under 
 the south-western side of the chancel, in the wall of which 
 is inserted a white marble slab, inscribed as follows, the poetry 
 being from one of her own dirges : 
 
 " IN THE VAULT BENEATH 
 ABE DEPOSITED THE MORTAL BEMAINS OF 
 
 FELICIA HEMANS. 
 
 SHE DIED MAY 16TH, 1835, 
 
 AGED 41. 
 
 " Calm on the bosom of thy God, 
 
 Fair spirit, rest thee now ! 
 Even while with us thy footsteps trode, 
 
 His seal was on thy brow. 
 Dust to its narrow house beneath ! 
 
 Soul to its place on high ! 
 They that have seen thy look in death 
 
 No more may fear to die." 
 
 St. Anne's parish, the area of which is 70 acres, 3 roods, 
 and 17 perches, contained, in 1851, 781 houses, and 8584 in- 
 habitants. 
 
 Dawson-street was set out for building in the reign of 
 Queen Anne, and amongst the residents in it were James, third 
 Viscount Charlemont (1 734) ; the Earl of Antrim (1736) ; Ad- 
 miral Rowley, Commander of the English Mediterranean Fleet ; 
 Lord Desart ; Josiah Hort, Archbishop of Tuam ; and the 
 Hon. Richard Tighe, to whom Farquhar dedicated his comedy 
 of " The Inconstant," and who was the subject of some of 
 Swift's most severe personal satires. In Dawson-street was 
 the town residence of Mr. Mathew, of Thomastown, who, 
 possessing a property of 8000 per annum, exercised, -at his 
 seat in Tipperary, hospitality on the most extensive scale, 
 constantly entertaining a large number of guests with every 
 possible luxury. With the object of accumulating sufficient 
 of his income to carry out his scheme of hospitality, Mathew
 
 DAWSON-STREET. 297 
 
 spent seven years of his early life on the Continent, and re- 
 turned to Ireland towards the latter end of the reign of Queen 
 Anne. " At that time party spirit ran very high, but raged no- 
 where with such violence as in Dublin, insomuch that duels were 
 every day fought there on that score. There happened to be 
 at that time two gentlemen in London, who valued themselves 
 highly on their skill in fencing ; the name of one of them was 
 Pack, the other Creed ; the former a major, the latter a cap- 
 tain in the army. Hearing of these daily exploits in Dublin, 
 they resolved, like two knight-errants, to go over in quest of 
 adventures. Upon inquiry, they learned that Mr. Mathew, 
 lately arrived from France, had the character of being one of 
 the first swordsmen in Europe. Pack, rejoiced to find an 
 antagonist worthy of him, resolved the first opportunity to 
 pick a quarrel with him ; and meeting him as he was carried 
 along the street in his chair, jostled the fore chairman. Of 
 this Mathew took no notice, as supposing it to be accidental. 
 But Pack afterwards boasted of it in the public coffee-house, 
 saying, that he had purposely offered this insult to that gen- 
 tleman, who had not the spirit to resent it. There happened 
 to be present a particular friend of Mr. Mathew's, of the name 
 of Macnamara, a man of tried courage, and reputed the best 
 fencerjn Ireland. He immediately took up the quarrel, and 
 said, he was sure Mr. Mathew did not suppose the affront in- 
 tended, otherwise he would have chastised him on the spot ; 
 but if the Major would let him know where he was to be 
 found, he should be waited on immediately on his friend's re- 
 turn, who was to dine that day a little way out of town. The 
 Major said that he should be at the tavern over the way, where 
 he and his companion would wait their commands. Imme- 
 diately on his arrival, Mathew being made acquainted with 
 what had passed, went from the coffee-house to the tavern, 
 accompanied by Macnamara. Being shown into the room 
 where the two gentlemen were, after having secured the door, 
 without any expostulation, Mathew and Pack drew their
 
 298 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 swords, but Macnamara stopped them, saying, he had some- 
 thing to propose before they proceeded to action. He said iu 
 cases of this nature he never could bear to be a cool spectator ; 
 ' So, sir' (addressing himself to Creed), ' if you please, I shall 
 have the honour of entertaining you in the same manner.' 
 Creed, who desired no better sport, made no other reply than 
 that of instantly drawing his sword, and to work the four 
 champions fell, with the same composure as if it were only a 
 fencing-match with foils. The conflict was of some duration, 
 and maintained with great obstinacy by the two officers, not- 
 withstanding the great effusion of blood from the many wounds 
 which they had received. At length, quite exhausted, they 
 both fell, and yielded the victory to the superior skill of their 
 antagonists. Upon this occasion, Mathew gave a remarkable 
 proof of the perfect composure of his mind during the action. 
 Creed had fallen the first, upon which Pack exclaimed, ' Ah, 
 poor Creed, are you gone ?' ' Yes,' said Mathew, very 
 composedly, ' and you shall instantly Pack after him ;' at the 
 same time making a home-thrust quite through his body, 
 which threw him to the ground. This was the more remark- 
 able, as he was never in his life, either before or after, known 
 to have aimed at a pun. The number of wounds received by 
 the vanquished parties was very great ; and what seems almost 
 miraculous, their opponents were untouched. The surgeons, 
 seeing the desperate state of their patients, would not suffer 
 them to be removed out of the room where they fought, but 
 had beds immediately conveyed into it, on which they lay 
 many hours in a state of insensibility. When they came to 
 themselves, and saw where they were, Pack, in a feeble voice, 
 said to his companion, ' Creed, I think we are the conquerors, 
 for we have kept the field of battle.' For a long time their 
 lives were despaired of, but, to the astonishment of every one, 
 they both recovered. When they were able to see company, 
 Mathew and his friend attended them daily, and a close inti- 
 macy afterwards ensued, as they found them men of probity,
 
 DAWSON-8TREKT. 299 
 
 and of the best dispositions, except in this Quixotic idea of 
 duelling, whereof they were now perfectly cured." 
 
 Among the numerous personages of distinction who resided 
 in Dawson-street between 1750 and the Union were General 
 Bligh (1752); Lady Maude (1753); Lord Castlecomer; Lord 
 Rothes (1756); the Earl of Westmeath (.1762); Thomas 
 Marlay, Bishop of Dromore (1763) ; the Earl of Lanes- 
 borough (1768); Sir John Parnell (1772); Lord Naas (1780) ; 
 Henry Grattan (1783); Viscount Mayo; and Viscount 
 Strabane. 
 
 In Dawson-street, during the years immediately preceding 
 his death in 1787, resided Simon Luttrell, Baron Irnham and 
 Earl ofCarhampton, son of Colonel Henry Luttrell, whose trea- 
 son to the Irish Jacobites, in 1 69 1 , rendered his family name po- 
 pularly synonymous with perfidy. Simon Luttrell, born in 
 1713, was educated at Eton, sat for many years in the English 
 House of Commons, and subsequently in the Irish House of 
 Peers. In 1768 he was created Baron Irnham of Luttrells- 
 town, county of Dublin, and, as father of Henry Lawes Lut- 
 trell, incurred much popular odium in England. Junius and 
 other political writers of the day averred that the depravity of 
 the human heart could not produce anything more base and 
 detestable than the immorality of Lord Irnham, in duping a 
 youthful friend to marry the notorious Polly Davis. The 
 crimes ascribed to Lord Irnham are alluded to in a satire of 
 the time, in which the Devil, supposed to be grown old, is 
 represented as summoning before him those who have the 
 strongest claims to succeed him as King of Hell. After 
 having introduced Lord Littleton's profligate son, amongst 
 others, addressing Satan, the poem concludes with the follow- 
 ing lines : 
 
 " But, as he spoke, there issued from the crowd 
 Irnham the base, the cruel, and the proud ; 
 And eager cried ' I boast superior claim 
 To Hell's dark throne, and Irnham is my name.
 
 300 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 What, shall that stripling Lord contend with me ? 
 
 I have four sons, as old and bad as he ! 
 
 Whate'er he swears, I'll swear he says, I'll say ! 
 
 And look, all-gracious King, my hairs are gray /' 
 
 Th' astonish'd demons on each other gaz'd, 
 
 And Satan's self sat silent and amaz'd ; 
 
 Revolving in his dubious mind the state 
 
 And crimes of each aspiring candidate ; 
 
 When clanking chains and doleful shrieks were heard, 
 
 And injur'd Nesbitt's raving ghost appear'd : 
 
 His bosom heav'd with many a torturing sigh, 
 
 And bloody streams gush'd forth from either eye. 
 
 With piteous look, he did a tale unfold, 
 
 Black with such horrid deeds, that, being told, 
 
 Hell's craggy vaults with acclamations ring, 
 
 And joyful shouts of ' Irnham shall be King !' " 
 
 Lord Irnham was, in 1781, created Viscount, and in 1785, 
 Earl of Carhampton. A writer, well acquainted with him, de- 
 clares that the infamous charges brought against him by his po- 
 litical opponents are almost, without exception, to be regarded 
 as the mere fabrications of a party ; and adds that, as a com- 
 panion, a more agreeable man could scarcely be found. " He 
 was the delight of those whose society he frequented whilst he 
 resided in Dublin, as he did almost constantly towards the 
 close of his life. His conversation was charming ; full of 
 sound sense, perfect acquaintance with the histories of the 
 most distinguished persons of his own age and that which pre- 
 ceded it ; without the least garrulity pursuing various narra- 
 tives, and enlivening all with the most graceful original hu- 
 mour. In many respects it resembled that species of conver- 
 sation which the French, at a period when society was best 
 understood, distinguished above all other colloquial excellence 
 of that day by the appropriate phrase of I' Esprit de Morte- 
 mart. Gay, simple, very peculiar, yet perfectly natural, easy 
 and companionable ; unambitious of all ornament, but embel- 
 lished by that unstudied and becoming air, which a just taste, 
 improved by long familiarity with persons of the best man-
 
 DAWSON-STREKT. 301 
 
 ners, can alone bestow. Lord Carhampton was an excellent 
 scholar ; but as the subjects which engaged his attention in 
 general were either political, or such as an agreeable man of 
 the world would most dwell on, in mixed companies, his lite- 
 rary acquirements were only, or more peculiarly, known to 
 those who lived in greater intimacy with him." 
 
 At No. 19, Da wson- street, from the year 1791, resided 
 Luke White, already noticed as having previously carried on 
 the business of a publisher and bookseller in Crampton-court 
 and Dame-street. " Luke White," wrote Richard Lalor 
 Sheil in 1823, "is in Ireland a person of considerable impor- 
 tance, although in England he would, in all likelihood, have 
 been almost unknown. So many strange and sudden produc- 
 tions of fortune are thrown up by the rich, commercial soil of 
 England that they seldom attract a very peculiar notice ; 
 while, in Ireland, the means of acquisition are so limited, that 
 the wealth of Luke White is regarded as prodigious. The 
 pouch and paunch of the hugest alderman of Cheapside are 
 not beyond the emulation of the humblest tenant of a desk, 
 who, in the nibbing of his pen, casts, through the dusky win- 
 dow, an aspiring glance at the ponderous citizen, and, cheered 
 by the golden model, bends with alacrity to his work again ; 
 but when the spare figure of Luke White glides like the 
 ghost of Croesus through College -green, where is the Hiber- 
 nian shop-boy who ever dreamed of compassing his portentous 
 treasures ? In truth," continued Sheil, " the amazing fortune 
 of this singularly prosperous man defeats all conjecture of the 
 means by which it could have been accumulated. Some forty 
 years ago he would have furnished matter for the ecstacies of 
 Mr. Wordsworth. If the profound author of the 'Excursion' 
 had seen him in one of the peregrinations incidental to his 
 itinerant profession, he might have derived many valuable 
 hints from so interesting a prototype, and added to the sub- 
 lime beauties of that admirable poem. Its hero and Mr. 
 White were of the same craft, or, to speak more appropri-
 
 302 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 ately both with respect to Mr. White and Mr. Wordsworth, 
 of the same mystery. To avoid the use of an ignoble word 
 from which the poet has studiously abstained, and express the 
 fact with circumlocutory dignity, Mr. Whyte was no more or 
 less than 
 
 ' A wandering merchant, bent beneath his load.' 
 
 The latter consisted of books, which he carried through various 
 parts of the country ; and I have heard old men say, that they 
 remember to have seen him with his cargo of portable litera- 
 ture upon his back, toiling upon a blustering day along the road, 
 and driving a hard bargain for Corderey or Cornelius Nepos 
 at the door of a village school. When he had acquired a suf- 
 ficient sum, through dint of his vagrant industry, to dispense 
 with the necessity of travelling, he fixed himself in more per- 
 manent importance at a stall in a small alley, called Cramp- 
 ton-court, and soon afterwards purchased a shop. Book-piracy 
 was at that time legal in Ireland, and the buccaneers of litera- 
 ture drove a profitable trade. Luke White, accordingly, be- 
 came a publisher. He next engaged in speculations in the 
 lottery ; from the lottery he plunged into the funds, and 
 turned the rebellion to a good account. Further," adds Sheil, 
 "I am unable to retrace his progress to the golden summit on 
 which he stands ; but it is enough to say that he is now 
 [1823] worth a million of money. He is largely endowed 
 with good sense ; and, so far from blushing at the former infe- 
 riority of his station, he looks back from his elevation with a 
 sentiment of honourable pride, upon the road which has con- 
 ducted him to such an eminence. It is not a little remarka- 
 ble that his manners are wholly free from vulgarity, and not 
 only unaffected, but highly polished, and not without a cast 
 of the Court. Strongly as he is attached to gold, he is still 
 more fond of power, and never allows his avarice to interfere 
 with his ambition." 
 
 Much of White's wealth was acquired by his loan nego-
 
 DAWSON-STREET. 303 
 
 tiations with the Government previous to the Union. In a 
 letter which he addressed, in June, 1800, to Lord Castle- 
 reagh, we find him asserting that his concern for the support 
 of public credit was particularly evinced in former loan bid- 
 dings, especially in 1798, when many people were, or affected 
 to be, afraid to advance their money to Government. It 
 would appear that White, in 1800, forfeited to the Government 
 of Ireland 75,000, lodged by him as a deposit for a loan of 
 a million and a half, which he did not complete on the day 
 stipulated by his contract. White secured a seat, as Member 
 for Lei trim, in the Imperial Parliament, and after three con- 
 tests succeeded in having his son Thomas returned for the city 
 of Dublin, as representative of the Liberal party, in 1823. 
 Luke White died in London on the 25th of February, 1824. 
 He was said to have contributed to accelerate the Emancipa- 
 tion of the Catholics by the spirited manner in which he ex- 
 pended 200,000 in contesting elections with the opponents 
 of that measure. 
 
 On the eastern side of Dawson-street stands a large de- 
 tached mansion, formerly styled "Northland House," from 
 having been the residence of Thomas Knox, created Baron 
 Welles in 1781, and Viscount Northland, of Dungannon, 
 in 1791. Before his elevation to the peerage, Knox sat 
 in the Irish House of Commons, as representative of Dun- 
 gannon, of which borough he was the proprietor. Amongst 
 his sons were William Knox, Bishop of Derry, and Edward 
 Knox, Bishop of Limerick. With George Knox, fifth son of 
 Viscount Northland, Wolfe Tone contracted an intimacy at 
 the Temple in London. Tone declared himself to have been 
 as proud of this friendship as of any circumstance of his life ; 
 and described Knox as a man of inappreciable merit, loved to a 
 a degree of enthusiasm by all who had the happiness to know 
 him. " I," said Tone, " scarcely know any person whose 
 esteem and approbation I covet so much ; and I had, long after 
 the commencement of our acquaintance", when I was in cir-
 
 304 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 cumstances of peculiar and trying difficulty, and deserted by 
 many of my former friends, the unspeakable consolation and 
 support of finding George Knox still the same, and of preserv- 
 ing his esteem unabated. His steady friendship," added Tone, 
 "has made an indelible impression of gratitude and affection 
 on my heart." 
 
 The first Viscount Northland died in 1818, and was 
 succeeded by his eldest son, Thomas Knox. Since 1852, 
 " Northland House" has been occupied by the Royal Irish 
 Academy, the Museum and Library of which were erected 
 by Government on the gardens at the rere of the mansion. 
 
 In 1853 the Academy received a collection of books and 
 manuscripts from the representatives of the late William Elliot 
 Hudson ; and in 1 855 Thomas Moore's widow presented his 
 library to this Institution. 
 
 On the expiration of Dr. T. R. Robinson's term of office in 
 1856, the Academy elected as its President the Rev. James 
 Henthorn Todd, D.D., Senior Fellow of Trinity College, 
 Dublin, to whose labours and exertions is mainly owing the 
 great progress made during our time in the knowledge of the 
 original and true materials of Irish history. 
 
 The public annual grant to the Academy was augmented 
 in 1852 from 300 to 500, an amount totally inadequate to 
 the requirements of this, the national Institute of Ireland, 
 which is thus precluded from effectively carrying out the ob- 
 jects of its various departments; consequently many valuable 
 documents and remains, instead of being secured for the coun- 
 try with which they are identified, are permitted to pass into 
 foreign collections, seriously impeding the advancement of 
 historic studies in Ireland. 
 
 Notwithstanding its limited public grant, the Academy 
 has, since its location in Dawson-street, published rarions im- 
 portant contributions to Science, amongst which may be men- 
 tioned an " Account of the Marine Botany of the Colony of 
 Western Australia," by W. H. Harvey, M.D. ; and the Rev.
 
 DAWSON-STREET. 305 
 
 Samuel Haughton's Discussion of the Tides on the Coast of 
 Ireland, with especial reference to the separation of the solar 
 and lunar diurnal tides. The latter work, from its treatment 
 of the individual stations, and its comparison of all with such 
 theory as exists, is regarded by the highest authorities as the 
 most valuable addition made for many years past to the 
 science of tides. Mr. Haughton's labours were based on the 
 tidal observations made in 1850-51, by direction of the Aca- 
 demy ; the reduction of the meteorological observations was 
 undertaken by the Rev. Humphrey Lloyd, Ex-President of 
 the Institution, whose notes on the Meteorology of Ireland, 
 deduced from these observations, form a portion of the twen- 
 ty-third volume of the Academy's Transactions. 
 
 In the department of National Archaeology various valuable 
 papers have been contributed by the Rev. William Reeves, to 
 whom the Academy in 1858 presented a gold " Cunningham 
 Medal" for his important works on the Ecclesiastical History 
 of Ireland. 
 
 The Academy's publication most generally interesting to 
 the Irish people is the Catalogue of the Museum, by Dr. 
 W. R. Wilde, whose labours in the arrangement, classification, 
 and elaborate description of the national collection of historic 
 remains, add another to his many previous and well-earned 
 claims on the gratitude and respect of his countrymen. 
 
 VOL. III.
 
 ( 300 ) 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH SUFFOLK-STREET HOG-HILL 
 
 CHURCH-LANE TRINITY-LANE WILLIAM-STREET. 
 
 THE old church of St. Andrew, on the southern side of 
 Dame-street, having been totally demolished some years before 
 the Restoration of Charles II., the Parliament of Ireland, in 
 1665, passed an Act separating the parish of St. Andrew 
 from that of St^Werburgh, extending its limits by the addi- 
 tion of Lazar's-hill, and authorizing the parishioners, by con- 
 tributions among themselves, to rebuild the church in such 
 manner as they should agree upon. Under this statute the 
 patronage of the vicarage of St. Andrew's was vested in the 
 Archbishop of Dublin, the Lord Chancellor, the Vice-Trea- 
 surer, Chief Justices, Chief Baron, and Master of the Rolls ; 
 ten pounds per annum were appropriated, payable by the 
 vicar to the Precentor of St. Patrick's, as ancient proprietor 
 of the rectory ; and the churchwardens and their successors 
 were constituted a body corporate. Arthur Earl of Anglesey 
 and Sir John Temple were appointed the first churchwardens 
 of the new church of St. Andrew, of which Richard Lingard, 
 Professor of Divinity in Trinity College, was nominated first 
 vicar; and he, dying in 1669, was succeeded by Dr. Anthony 
 Dopping. 
 
 In April, 1670, the parish resolved that the new church, 
 after an oval model by William Dodson, should be erected on 
 "the old bowling-green" given to them by Henry Jones, 
 Bishop of Meath ; the expense of the building being defrayed 
 by subscriptions and parochial assessments. The first register 
 of this parish commences on 3rd of March, 1670, and the vestry
 
 ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. 307 
 
 accounts in 1671 contain the following entries: "To enter- 
 tain the Lord Mayor, 14s.; to the Lord Mayor, the city rent 
 of the churchyard, in lieu of a couple of capons, 5s." Among 
 the holders of seats in the church, in 1674, were the Countess 
 of Clancarty, Sir John Temple, Sir Maurice Eustace, Henry 
 Aston, John Eogerson, and Sir Alexander Bence. 
 
 Michael Hewetson, author of a work on St. Patrick'sPur- 
 gatory, was appointed rector of St. Andrew's, on the elevation 
 of Anthony Dopping to the See of Kildare, in 1678; at 
 which period a dispute arose between this parish and that of 
 St. Werburgh, relative to their claims on part of Dame-street. 
 Dopping's statement of the rights of St. Andrew's will be 
 found in the Appendix, printed from his autograph manu- 
 script. By acts of their vestries, in 1682, the parishioners of 
 St. Werburgh's and St. Andrew's agreed to submit to the 
 decision of the Archbishop of Dublin the difference between 
 them concerning "the mears and bounds of St. Werburgh's 
 parish, without Dam's Gate." 
 
 Michael Hewetson was succeeded as rector of St. Andrew's, 
 in December, 1693, by John Travers, grandson of Sir Robert 
 Travers, son of John Travers, of Ballinamore, county of Cork, 
 by his wife Sarah, sister of the poet, Edmund Spenser. 
 
 John Travers, Vicar of St. Andrew's, born in 1663, was 
 educated at Trinity College, Dublin, of which he was elected 
 a Scholar in 1683; he was appointed Chancellor of Christ 
 Church in 1699, and held in the Cathedral of St. Patrick, 
 successively, the Prebends of Tassagard and Momnohenoc. 
 Soon after Travers had been appointed vicar of St. Andrew's, 
 an anonymous document, charging him with neglect and pe- 
 culation, was transmitted to the Archbishop of Dublin. A 
 full vestry, assembled at St. Andrew's Church on the 25th 
 of February, 1694, protested against these accusations as 
 false and malicious ; and to a copy of them, preserved among 
 the records of the church, is appended the following note, in 
 the autograph of Travers : " The above complaint was forged 
 x 2
 
 308 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 and made by Mr. Hewetson, late minister of St. Andrew's, as 
 was first discovered, and afterwards confessed by himself. 
 This I aver. John Travers." 
 
 Travers contributed twelve pounds per annum to the 
 establishment of a parochial school in 1709, and erected an 
 alms-house for poor widows. The church possesses a large 
 silver dish, with the following inscription, presented by him: 
 " D. O. M. In usum Ecclesia? Parochialis St. Andrese juxta 
 Dublin, Reverendus Johannes Travers, S.T.P., ejusdem Pa- 
 rochia? per viginti sex annos Vicarius, hanc patinam humillime, 
 D. D. C. Anno Domini MDCCXX." The parish also re- 
 ceived from Travers two large silver flagons, each of which is 
 inscribed as follows: " D. O. M. In usum altaris Ecclesiae 
 Parochialis Sancti Andreas, juxta Dublin, Reverendus Johannes 
 Travers, S.T.P., (ejusdem Parochia3, 30 jam annis Vicarius) 
 hanc lagenam humillime D.D.C. Festo Paschatis, MDCCXXIV." 
 
 Travers died on the 17th of September, 1727, and be- 
 queathed 500 to the parochial schools and widows' alms- 
 house which he had established. At his death, the statute 
 passed in the sixth year of Queen Anne came into operation, 
 constituting portions of St. Andrew's a new parish, under the 
 name of St. Mark's. Robert Dougatt succeeded Travers in 
 the rectorship of St. Andrew's, to which Alexander Brad- 
 ford was presented in April, 1731. 
 
 In St. Andrew's, which from its form was popularly called 
 the " Round Church," sermons were always preached on 
 days of public solemnity before the Speaker and Members of 
 the House of Commons of Ireland ; and in it, from 1736, were 
 performed the annual concerts for the benefit of Mercer's 
 Hospital. In 1745 St. Andrew's parish petitioned Parlia- 
 ment, stating the church to be in so ruinous a condition that 
 an expenditure of 1000 was absolutely necessary to roof it 
 newly ; that the generality of the parishioners were unable to 
 pay their proportions of so large a sum, and praying the 
 House of Commons to take their case into favourable consi-
 
 ST. ANDREW S CHURCH. 309 
 
 deration, as its Members resorted to this church on all public 
 occasions. On this petition, the Parliament of Ireland granted 
 the parish 500 towards the repairs of the church. Isaac 
 Mann, appointed Vicar of St. Andrew's in 1750, was suc- 
 ceeded in 1757 by Henry Browne; and in 1763 the parish 
 presented a petition to Parliament, setting forth that the 
 church was in a ruinous and dangerous condition, requiring 
 immediate and large repairs ; that the church-yard was much 
 too small for the interment of the dead ; that the watch-house 
 was most inconveniently placed, obstructing the passage to 
 the Parliament House, and intercepting the view of the Col- 
 lege ; that rents were so extremely high, this parish being 
 the principal seat of trade in the city, the minister was under 
 great difficulty to provide himself a house convenient for the 
 discharge of his parochial duties. " That the petitioners," 
 continues the memorial, " beg leave to inform the House [of 
 Commons] that there is, contiguous to the church-yard, ground 
 in lease from the city, which may for a small sum be purchased ; 
 that part of this would sufficiently enlarge the burying-ground, 
 and open a communication with 'Chequer-lane, a passage there 
 being very much wanted ; and that, on the other part, a watch- 
 house, and also a house for the accommodation of the minister, 
 might be erected." In consideration of the advantage to be 
 received by the minister of the parish for the time being, it 
 was proposed that the incumbent should, for himself and 
 successors, give up to the public his right to ten pounds per 
 annum, payable on the Establishment, on account of houses 
 thrown down where the Parliament House stands ; as also 
 any future claim or compensation for any loss, not exceed- 
 ing 50 yearly, which might accrue from the demolition of 
 other houses for the public service. The House of Commons 
 did not make any grant on this petition, although the Parlia- 
 mentary Committee, to which it had been referred, reported 
 that 2000 would be needed for the immediate repairs of 
 the church ; and that it was necessary to enlarge the burial-
 
 310 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 ground of the parish. In 1784 the Hon. John Hewitt was 
 presented to the rectory of St. Andrew's ; and the church 
 having become ruinous, the parish, in May, 1793, appointed a 
 Committee to carry its repairs into execution. The original 
 foundation was so well built, that it was found unnecessary to 
 take down the walls below the level of the windows, and for 
 the new church, the parish selected the plans of Mr. John 
 Hartwell, to whom they awarded the prize of twenty guineas 
 which they had offered. The Parliament of Ireland granted 
 500 in 1796, and 1000 in 1799, to enable the parish to 
 complete the repair of the church, and to make proper accom- 
 modation in it for the reception of the Members of the House 
 of Commons and their Speaker, when they should attend 
 divine worship there. In 1800 Hartwell resigned his con- 
 nexion with the building, the completion of which was then 
 committed to Francis Johnston, who designed the front oppo- 
 site to Church-lane, and devised the plans for the arrangements 
 of the pews and galleries, which, with all the interior work, 
 were executed by James Lever, of the North Strand, a con- 
 tractor of eminence, and father of our Irish novelist. In 
 1802 the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Lieutenant, presented to 
 the parish the large gilt chandelier which had belonged to the 
 Irish House of Commons, and which has lately been trans- 
 ferred from the church to the Examination Hall of Trinity 
 College. 
 
 The following estimate by the great Dublin sculptor, for 
 the statue still standing over the entrance to St. Andrew's 
 Church, illustrates the low condition of the fine arts in the 
 metropolis of Ireland immediately after the Union : 
 
 " Estimate by Edward Smyth, sculptor, June 6th, 1803, 
 for executing a statue of Saint Andrew, in Portland 
 stone, for the new front of St. Andrew's Church, 
 seven feet high, according to model exhibited by 
 him for that purpose, finding the stone, &c., &c., 
 for .... . 113 15
 
 ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. 311 
 
 lie begs leave to submit the following mode of payment 
 and time to consideration, viz., the sum of ten gui- 
 neas per month, on account, to be paid for four 
 months, in which time the statue shall be com- 
 pletely finished, 45 10 
 
 The further sum of five guineas to be paid in hand for 
 defraying all expenses of loading, carriage, stone- 
 cutter, making a level base, and erecting the block, 
 being about 3j tons weight, 5139 
 
 Balance in Treasurer's hands, ... 5139 
 
 "This proposal I think fair, as Mr. Smyth was paid the same price 
 
 for figures of a similar kind, and the manner of payment I think 
 
 satisfactory and convenient. June 7th, 1803. FBANCTS JOHNSTON." 
 
 The Imperial Parliament, in 1805, granted 6000 to be 
 applied towards completing the building of St. Andrew's 
 Church, and the erection of 'a steeple and spire, the first stone 
 of which was laid in April of the same year. The Dissenting 
 congregation of Eustace-street accommodated the parishioners 
 of St. Andrew's in their place of worship from 1793 till the 
 church was completed and opened, on Sunday, the 8th of 
 March, 1807, on which occasion many of the chief personages 
 in Dublin attended, and the money collected amounted to 
 538 10s. 9d. The total sum expended on the rebuilding of the 
 church and the purchase of an organ amounted to about22,000. 
 The church of St. Andrew, says Mr. William Monck Mason, 
 " is of a circular form ; its interior very splendidly decorated, 
 but its exterior, together with its unfinished steeple, exhibits a 
 strange heterogeneous collection of architectural blunders ; the 
 humour of every one of its tasteless projectors appears to have 
 been gratified by the introduction of somewhat of his favour- 
 ite style : so much of its steeple as is finished is Gothic, exe- 
 cuted in hewn limestone ; the church is of brick ; the entrance 
 or porch of granite ; the situation of every part is likewise 
 misplaced ; the church opens upon the street, so that divine 
 service is perpetually interrupted by the noise of carriages ;
 
 312 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 had the steeple been placed so that its lower part should serve 
 as a vestibule, this most considerable defect in its construction 
 would have been remedied." 
 
 St. Andrew's parish, in area 42 acres, 1 rood, and 35 
 perches, contained, in 1851, 796 houses and 8584 inhabitants. 
 
 Suffolk-street appears to have been formed to wards the close 
 of the seventeenth century. Among the residents in it during 
 the early years of the last century were William Palliser, Arch- 
 bishop of Cashel; and Sir Constantine Phipps, Lord Chan- 
 cellor and Lord Justice of Ireland in the reign of Queen Anne, 
 and ancestor of the Marquis of Normanby. In Suffolk-street, at 
 the same period, resided Sir Richard Cox. Born at Bandon 
 in 1650, Cox commenced his career as an attorney in the Ma- 
 nor Courts of Munster, and, having obtained the appointment 
 of Recorder of Kinsale, rendered himself so obnoxious to the 
 native Irish that, when the latter came into power under 
 James II., he deemed it expedient to retire to Bristol, where 
 he practised as a lawyer, and compiled a work entitled " Hi- 
 bernia Anglicana ; or, the History of Ireland from the Con- 
 quest thereof by the English to this present Time," 1689-90. 
 For this history, which extends only to the year 1653, Cox 
 was furnished with materials from the Lambeth Library, but 
 his compilation was hasty and inaccurate, replete with partisan 
 virulence against the Irish, his sentiments towards whom are 
 exhibited by the following passage referring to the execution 
 of Charles I. : 
 
 " And now," writes Cox, "how gladly would I draw a cur- 
 tain over that dismal and unhappy thirtieth of January [1649], 
 whereon the Royal Father of our country suffered martyrdom ! 
 Oh ! that I could say they were Irishmen that did that abomi- 
 nable fact, or that I could justly lay it at the door of the Pa- 
 pists. But how much soever they might obliquely or design- 
 edly contribute to it, 'tis certain it was actually done by others." 
 As Private Secretary to the Secretary of State, Cox attended 
 the Prince of Orange to Ireland, and for his services to the
 
 SUFFOLK-STIIEET. 313 
 
 Williamites was appointed Second Justice oftheCommonPleas. 
 He subsequently held the Chancellorship and Chief Justice- 
 ship of the King's Bench ; and availed himself of his position 
 to imprison illegally for a year in Newgate Hugh M'Curtin, 
 an Irish historiographer of the county of Clare, for having, in a 
 treatise published in 1717, exposed the unfounded statements 
 which were promulgated in his " Hibernia Anglicana" relative 
 to the laws and customs of the Irish previous to the English inva- 
 sion. Cox projected a geographical description of Ireland, and 
 wrote poems on Ginkle's success in Ireland, and on the death of 
 Chancellor Porter. He was said to have been much attached 
 to literature, and, until some years before his death in 1733, 
 he continued to be a busy actor in the party politics of the 
 Anglo-Protestant Ascendancy of those times. 
 
 On the southern side of Suffolk-street, from about 1716, 
 was the residence of Robert, nineteenth Earl of Kildare, a 
 religious and benevolent nobleman, noticed as follows by his 
 contemporary, LaurenceWhyte : 
 
 " Kildare' s a precedent for lords 
 To keep their honour and their words ; 
 Since all our Peers to him give place, 
 His fair examples let them trace, 
 "Whose virtues claim precedence here, 
 Even abstracted from the Peer. 
 His morals make him still more great, 
 And to his titles and estate 
 Add such a lustre and a grace 
 As suits his ancient noble race, 
 Surrounding him with all their rays, 
 Above the compass of our lays. 
 Instead of duns to crowd his door, 
 It is surrounded by the poor ; 
 My Lord takes care to see them serv'd, 
 And saves some thousands from being starv'd ; 
 Nor does he think himself too great 
 Each morning on the poor to wait ;
 
 314 H1STOHY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 And as his charity ne'er ceases, 
 His fortune ev'ry day increases, 
 Has many thousands at command, 
 A large estate and lib'ral hand." 
 
 Lord Kildare married, in 1708, Mary O'Brien, daughter 
 of William, third Earl of Inchiquin, one of the most beautiful 
 women of her time. 
 
 While resident in Suffolk-street, the Countess of Kildare, 
 in 1728, contributed one hundred pounds towards the support 
 of the alms-house founded by the Rev. John Travers for poor 
 widows ; and the parish of St. Andrew still possesses two large 
 silver dishes, weighing upwards of ninety ounces, presented 
 by her in 1731. 
 
 Robert, Earl of Kildare, was, on his death in 1744, suc- 
 ceeded by his son, James, already noticed as having erected 
 "Kildare House," in " Molesworth Fields." 
 
 In Suffolk-street, in 1720, resided Richard Castle, the ar- 
 chitect of many fine edifices in various parts of Ireland. Castle 
 is said to have been a native of Germany, to have made the 
 "grand tour" of Europe, and to have come to Ireland on the 
 invitation of Sir Gustavus Hume, for whom he designed a man- 
 sion at Castle Hume, county of Fermanagh. The report of Castle 
 having furnished the design for the Parliament House has been 
 already mentioned, and some artists have considered that his 
 style is recognisable in this edifice ; but his name does not ap- 
 pear connected with it in any authentic record ; and its plan 
 was ascribed to Captain Pearce in the official documents and 
 public prints of the time ; amongst the latter we find the 
 following lines on this subject in a broadside, entitled "The 
 Speech of the first stone laid in the Parliament House to the 
 Government, Februarys, 1 7 28-9," by Henry Nelson: 
 
 " Next let my gratitude and due respect 
 Be humbly paid to the great architect ;
 
 SUFFOLK-STREET. 315 
 
 And as his merit, let his praises ring, 
 Who did me first to this great honour hring. 
 Let ev'ry tongue in softest note rehearse, 
 Time after time, the worth of Captain Pearce ; 
 All hail to thee ! who only is the man 
 That by your art has formed this noble plan, 
 And as the structures on my shoulders rise, 
 So shall your praise, exalted to the skies ; 
 The pile majestic shall its beauty show, 
 And all its beauty to your judgment owe ; 
 To future ages celebrate the name 
 Of its projector, and record your fame." 
 
 In 1736 Castle published "An Essay toward supplying 
 the city of Dublin with water," the practical principles of which 
 treatise he states to have been collected by him from some re- 
 marks made in his travels, on the best water-works then exist- 
 ing. The first stone lock in Ireland that on the Newry Canal 
 was erected by Castle, who was engaged under the Board of 
 Inland Navigation till dismissed by its Governors in 1736. 
 The principal buildings in Dublin designed by Castle were the 
 Lying-in Hospital ; the cupola of the College Chapel, the 
 College Printing Office, Leinster House, Tyrone House in 
 Malborough-street ; and the Music Hall in Fishamble-street, 
 which Handel pronounced to be one of the most complete and 
 best sounding rooms of the kind in Europe. Castle was re- 
 markably ready at drawing, and so clear in his directions to 
 workmen that the most ignorant could not err. " He was a 
 man of the strictest integrity, and highly esteemed by the no- 
 bility and gentry, not only as an artist, but as an agreeable 
 companion. His extensive engagements gave him opportuni- 
 ties of acquiring much wealth ; but he was improvident, and 
 frequently distressed. He sacrificed much to Bacchus, and, 
 when in Dublin, passed his evenings with Dr. Mosse of the 
 Hospital, and a few more, at a tavern, which they seldom left 
 before three or four in the morning. He was whimsical in some 
 things : he had an aversion to shaving himself, and was cautious
 
 316 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 of those he employed ; he fixed upon a Mr. Simpson, a stucco- 
 worker, who performed that operation for some years, and was 
 so well pleased with his performance, that he recommended him 
 to much business as a plasterer. When the effect of his works 
 was not such as he liked, he frequently pulled them down ; and 
 whenever he came to inspect them, he required the attendance 
 of all the artificers, who followed him in a long train. He mar- 
 ried a lady in Lisburn, who died before him, but had no children . 
 He continued a widower to his death, which happened at Carton 
 [on the 1 9th of February, 175 1]. After dinner he retired to 
 write to the carpenter who was employed at Leinster House, 
 then erecting. He was seized with a fit, as was supposed, and 
 suddenly expired ; for he was found dead in his chair. He had 
 been long afflicted with the gout, acquired by intemperance 
 and late hours. At his decease he was between fifty and sixty 
 years old, and was interred in the church of Maynooth." 
 
 Castle introduced so fine a taste for architecture in this 
 kingdom, that, says a writer in 1751, "had he lived a few years 
 longer, the edifices of our nobility and gentry might vie with 
 those of every other country whatever ; in short, his death is a 
 great loss to the public, but his buildings will be monuments 
 of his worth to latest posterity." 
 
 Towards the close of the last century, Thomas Milton, the 
 engraver, appears to have possessed materials for a memoir of 
 this eminent architect, whose name, it may be observed, has 
 been variously written Castle, Castles, Cassel, and Castell. 
 
 After the removal of Lord Kildare to " Kildare House," 
 the greater part of the southern side of Suffolk-street was 
 occupied by the mansion of John Villiers, Earl of Grandison, 
 on whose death here, in 1766, that earldom became extinct. 
 
 In Suffolk-street resided Samuel Glossy, M.D., admitted in 
 1756 a Licentiate of the King and Queen's College of Phy- 
 sicians in Ireland, of which he was elected Fellow in 1761, at 
 which period he was Physician to Mercer's Hospital. In 
 1763 appeared at London, "Observations on some of the
 
 SUFFOLK-STREET. 317 
 
 Diseases of the parts of the Human Body, chiefly taken from 
 the Dissections of Morbid Bodies by Samuel Glossy, M.D. :" 
 8vo, pp. 195. This volume, which is one of the earliest patho- 
 logical works in the English language, contains fifty-three 
 observations on post-mortem examinations, made chiefly in 
 Steevens' Hospital, Dublin, divided into six sections : 1. 
 The head; 2. The neck and chest; 3. The liver; 4. The 
 dropsy; 5. The intestines; 6. The kidneys and bladders. 
 Having emigrated to America, Glossy commenced at New 
 York, in November, 1763, a course of forty-four lectures on 
 anatomy, of which branch of science he was one of the earliest 
 cultivators in the New World, and attained such distinction 
 as a teacher, that he was appointed Professor of Anatomy in 
 the first Medical School established in America, at New 
 York, in 1768. The family of Glossy were resident in St. 
 Andrew's parish, Dublin, from the early part of the last cen- 
 tury, and their name appears to have been an Anglicized form 
 of the Irish Ua Clochasaigh, or O'Glohessy. 
 
 The "Incorporated Society," for the promotion of Pro- 
 testant Schools in Ireland, became located in Suffolk-street 
 in 1 758 ; and in this street, near Grafton-street, in 1 768, was the 
 auction-room of James Vallance, in which were sold many 
 valuable libraries. The " Hibernian" and the " Robin Hood" 
 Societies for free debate, in 1771, held their meetings at 
 8 P. M. at " King's Great Room" in Suffolk-street. For ad- 
 mission to these political discussions one shilling was charged, 
 but ladies were admitted gratis, and a certain portion of the 
 room was railed off for their accommodation. 
 
 The " UniversalJournalist" was published, in 1768, "for 
 the Spectator Club," in Suffolk- street. While carrying on 
 the business of printer, print-seller, and perfumer, at No. 21, 
 in this street, Vincent Dowling issued a newspaper styled 
 " The Oracle, or Sunday Gazette," commencing on the 4th 
 September, 1776. 
 
 In the early years of the last century various personages
 
 318 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 of rank and station resided in " Church-street," subsequently 
 styled St. Andrew's-street, but more popularly known as 
 " Hog Hill," which name was the last local vestige that sur- 
 vived of the ancient " Hogges" already noticed. 
 
 From 1744 to his death, in September, 1763, Andrew 
 Miller, an Irish mezzotinto engraver, dwelt on Hog Hill, where 
 he published many works of high merit in this department of 
 art, a catalogue of which, printed for the first time, will be 
 found in the Appendix. 
 
 George Barret, the distinguished Dublin painter, while 
 resident on Hog Hill, in 1762, issued proposals for publishing, 
 by subscription, the four following landscapes painted by him, 
 and to be engraved, under his own inspection, by John Dixon : 
 Powerscourt House, and the adjacent country ; a view in the 
 Dargle called the Castle Rock ; a view in the Dargle called 
 the Dahool ; the Waterfall in Powerscourt Park. Barret, 
 receiving no public encouragement in Ireland, soon afterwards 
 settled in England, where he attained the highest eminence as 
 a delineator of scenery, and to his exertions was mainly owing 
 the foundation of the Royal Academy of London. 
 
 John Trevere, of Hog Hill, a poor but independent lame 
 cobbler, acquired great notoriety in Dublin, about the middle 
 of the last century, by his wit and drollery. Crowds used to 
 assemble round Trevere's stall on Hog Hill, to enjoy his 
 jokes and sarcasms, many admirable specimens of which were 
 traditionally preserved long after their author's death in 
 1765. 
 
 John Philpot Curran, called to the Bar in 1775, dwelt 
 on Hog Hill during the early gloomy years of his professional 
 career, and while resident in this locality he received his first 
 important fee, for which he was indebted to the recommenda- 
 tion of Arthur Wolfe, afterwards Lord Kil warden. " I then," 
 said Curran, "lived upon Hog Hill; my wife and children 
 Avere the chief furniture of my apartments ; and as to my rent, 
 it stood pretty much the same chance of liquidation with the
 
 HOG HILL. 
 
 National Debt. Mrs. Curran, however, was a barrister s lady, 
 and what she wanted in wealth she was well determined should 
 be supplied by dignity. The landlady, on the other hand, 
 had no idea of any gradation except that of pounds, shillings, 
 and pence. I walked out one morning to avoid the perpetual 
 altercations on the subject, with my mind, you may ima- 
 gine, in no very enviable temperament. I fell into the gloom 
 to which, from my infancy, I had been occasionally subject. I 
 had a family for whom I had no dinner ; and a landlady for 
 whom I had no rent. I had gone abroad in despondence I 
 returned home almost in desperation. When I opened the 
 door of rny study, where Lavater alone could have found a 
 library, the first object which presented itself was an immense 
 folio of a brief, twenty golden guineas wrapped up beside it, 
 and the name of old Bob Lyons marked upon the back of it. 
 I paid my landlady, bought a good dinner, gave Bob Lyons a 
 share of it, and that dinner was the date of my prosperity." 
 
 About 1772, the name of Hog Hill was changed to " St. 
 Andrew-street," among the residents in which, between 
 that period and the close of the last century, were Hugh 
 Carleton, Solicitor-General (1778), James W. Boy ton, M.D., 
 and Surgeon James Henthorn, first Secretary to the College 
 of Surgeons in Ireland, in the foundation of which he was 
 mainly instrumental. Dr. Boy ton took a prominent part in 
 protecting Mary Neal, the daughter of his hair-dresser, against 
 Lord Carhampton, and on this affair, which attracted much 
 public attention at the time, he published a pamphlet, en- 
 titled " Plain Truth; or, a candid detail of some proceedings 
 in the business of Neal and Lewellin, in answer to the misre- 
 presentations of a recent publication, called ' An Authentic 
 Narrative,' &c. By J. W. Boy ton, M.D. :" 1789. 
 
 In " Church-lane," extending from St. Andrew's Church to 
 College-green, was published the " Volunteers' Journal, or 
 Irish Herald," the first number of which, printed by William 
 Buhner, appeared on the llth of November, 1783. .John
 
 320 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Williams, who assumed the pseudonym of " Anthony Pas- 
 quin," edited, for a time the " Volunteers' Journal," a number 
 of which, issued on the 5th of April, 1784, was voted to be 
 libellous by the House of Commons, who committed its pub- 
 lisher, Matthew Carey, to Newgate on the Speaker's warrant, 
 and petitioned the Viceroy to have prosecutions instituted 
 against the writers, printers, and publishers of the paper. 
 Carey, disguised as a female, eluded the Government prose- 
 cutors, and settled in Philadelphia, where he married, estab- 
 lished himself as a bookseller, and eventually became one of 
 the most considerable publishers in America. He was gene- 
 rally known as " Honest Matthew Carey of Philadelphia ;" 
 and on his death his sons succeeded to his establishment. 
 
 At No. 4, Church-lane, was the office of the "Press," a 
 newspaper established by Arthur O'Connor in 1797, when the 
 Irish people were suffering from the illegal excesses of their 
 English governors, whose soldiery had recently demolished the 
 "Northern Star," the only journal in Ireland which dared to 
 publish accounts of their atrocities. The objects which the 
 " Press" proposed to effect were detailed as follows : 
 
 " To extinguish party animosities, and introduce a cordial 
 union of all the people on the basis of toleration and equal go- 
 vernment; to call into action all that was noble and generous 
 in the minds of Irishmen individually, as a sure means of ren- 
 dering them collectively a great and happy nation ; to class Ire- 
 land in the scale of nations, and to give her an imperial place 
 on the map of Europe ; to assert and maintain her commercial 
 rights, flagrantly encroached on by British monopoly; to incul- 
 cate those maxims of economy and liberty, without which no 
 nation can be grand or respectable ; to open new channels for 
 industry, and the employ of our people in manufactures and in 
 commerce, in our fisheries and our collieries, which, in complai- 
 sance to the sister, or rather mistress nation, are doomed to con- 
 tinue unworked ; to infuse notions of pure morality into the 
 minds of the rising generation, and to recommend an attention
 
 CHURCH LANK. 321 
 
 to the mild virtues of religion ; to increase the quantum of 
 public happiness ; to impress indelibly on the mind that, next to 
 a love of God, the love of country should have a place in the 
 human breast; and finally, if not too presumptuous, or a pro- 
 ject utterly impracticable, to procure a reform in the crying 
 and manifold abuses of Government." 
 
 " I," wrote Arthur O'Connor, "could cite myriads of facts 
 to substantiate the suppression of the publication of the enor- 
 mous atrocities committed by the Government; but I will con- 
 fine myself to the mention of one, which has come within my 
 own knowledge. Whilst I was confined in the [Bermingham] 
 Tower, the soldiers who were stationed all around it fired up at 
 the prison; and on being asked why they had fired without hav- 
 ing challenged, or any pretext for so doing, they answered, that 
 they had acted according to the orders they got.' As I was 
 the only person confined in the prison, no doubt could remain 
 that these orders were issued for the purpose of assassination. 
 A gentleman, who had been an eye-witness of the attempt, 
 took a statement of facts to the * Evening Post,' which was at 
 that time esteemed the least corrupted paper in Dublin ; but 
 the editor told him, that fearing his house and his press might 
 experience the fate of the ' Northern Star,' he would not in- 
 sert it ; although the next day not only that print, but every 
 other paper in town, contained an account of the transaction, 
 in which there was not one word of truth, except the admis- 
 sion that the shots had been fired. From the moment I was 
 enlarged from the Tower," adds O'Connor, " I determined to 
 free the Press from this dastardly thraldom, that the conduct 
 of those Ministers might be faithfully published." 
 
 The United Irish Society, as a body, had not any con- 
 cern in the " Press," which was the individual undertaking of 
 O'Connor, who was its controller and editor ; the nominal pro- 
 prietor was Peter Finerty, who issued its first number on 
 Thursday, the 28th of September, 1797. The paper, con- 
 taining sixteen columns, was published on Tuesdays, Thuis- 
 
 VOL. III. Y
 
 322 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 days, and Saturdays, and sold originally at two-pence, subse- 
 quently at two-pence halfpenny per number. The thirteenth 
 number of the "Press," on the 26th of October, 1797, 
 contained a letter signed " Marcus," addressed to the Lord 
 Lieutenant, Earl Camden, arraigning him in forcible lan- 
 guage for not having extended clemency to William Orr, 
 Avhose execution had caused a profound sensation throughout 
 Ireland. Orr was an independent Presbyterian landholder 
 in the county of Antrim ; the crime for which he was exe- 
 cuted was the alleged administration of the oath of brother- 
 hood of the United Irish Society. After the trial, the witnesses 
 against him were found to have committed perjury ; the jurors 
 swore that they had been intimidated and intoxicated by the 
 Crown officials ; and the judge made ineffectual efforts to have 
 his life spared. 
 
 The letter signed " Marcus," in the " Press," was believed 
 to have been written by Mr. Deane Swift, and in consequence 
 of its publication, Government issued a warrant against 
 Finerty, who was arrested by Major Sirr at the office of the 
 " Press," carried to the Castle guard-house, and thence es- 
 corted to Newgate. At his trial, on the 22nd of Decem- 
 ber, 1797, Finerty was defended by Fletcher, Sampson, and 
 Curran. The latter's speech on this occasion contained passages 
 unsurpassed in the English language. The jury returned a 
 verdict of guilty, and Finerty, on being put to the bar to re- 
 ceive sentence, made the following observations in his address 
 to the judge: 
 
 " Among the epithets which the learned counsel so libe- 
 rally dealt out against me, he was pleased to call me * the tool 
 of a party.' However humble I may be, I should spurn the 
 idea of becoming the instrument of any party, or any man. 
 I was influenced solely by my own sense of the situation of the 
 country, and have uniformly acted from that feeling of pa- 
 triotism, which I hope it is not yet considered criminal to 
 indulge; and, I trust, the general conduct of the ' Press' has
 
 CHUHCH-LANE. 
 
 fully evinced to the people, that its object was truth, and the 
 good of the nation, unconnected with the views and un warped 
 by the prejudices of any party. If I wou ld stoop to become 
 the tool of a party, I might have easily released myself from 
 prosecution and reward; and this would have been clearly 
 illustrated, if your Lordship had suffered the persons sum- 
 moned on my trial to be examined. I have been now eight 
 weeks in confinement, during which I have experienced the 
 severest rigours of a gaol ; the offence was bailable, but it was 
 impossible for me, from the humility of my connexions, to 
 procure bail to the amount demanded; probably, had any 
 person stood forward, he would have been marked ; and, sen- 
 sible of that, I preferred imprisonment to the exposure of a 
 friend to danger. But, not contented with my imprisonment 
 and prosecution, it seemed the intention of some of the agents 
 of Government to render me infamous. For this purpose, 
 about three weeks since, I was taken from Newgate, which 
 ought at least to have been a place of security to me, at seven 
 o'clock in the evening, by what authority of law I know not, to 
 Alderman Alexander's office, and it was there proposed to me 
 to surrender the different gentlemen who had favoured the 
 ' Press' with their productions, particularly the author of 
 ' Marcus.' Every artifice of hope and fear was held out to me. 
 After a variety of interrogations, and after detaining me there 
 until two o'clock in the morning, I was despatched to Kil- 
 mainham under an escort, where, being refused admittance, I 
 was returned to Newgate ; from whence, about eleven o'clock 
 on the same day, I was again taken to Alderman Alexander's, 
 where I underwent a similar scrutiny until three o'clock, 
 when the Alderman left me, as he said, to go to Secretary 
 Cook, to know from him how he would wish to dispose of me, 
 or if he desired to ask me any questions. At eight in the 
 evening, the Alderman, for whom I was obliged to wait, was 
 pleased to write to one of his officers to have me remanded to 
 prison. In the course of this extraordinary inquisition, I w.-i- 
 y 2
 
 324 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 threatened with [a public whipping] a species of punishment, 
 to a man educated as I have been, in the principles of virtue, 
 and honesty, and manly pride, more terrible than death; a 
 punishment which I am too proud to name, and which, were 
 it now to make part of my sentence, I fear, although I hope 
 I am no coward, I should not be able to persuade myself to 
 live to meet. With respect to the publication which the jury 
 has pronounced a libel, the language of which is undoubtedly 
 in some instances, exceptionable, it," continued Finerty, 
 " was received in the letter-box by my clerk, who generally 
 went to the office earlier than I, and, taking it to the printing- 
 office, it was instituted, and the whole impression of the paper 
 worked off before I saw it; but on remonstrating with the 
 author, he produced to me such documents as put the truth of 
 the statement beyond question ; and these documents were 
 yesterday in court, and would, combined with the testimony 
 of the witnesses present, if your Lordship had permitted their 
 examination, have amply satisfied the jury of the facts. What- 
 ever punishment you please to inflict," concluded Finerty, 
 " I trust I have sufficient fortitude, arising from my sense of 
 religion, and of the sacred cause for which I suffer, to enable 
 me to bear it with resignation." 
 
 The Court sentenced Finerty to imprisonment for two 
 years, to stand in the pillory for one hour, to pay a fine of 
 twenty pounds, and, at the expiration of his confinement, to 
 give security for his good behaviour for seven years. Pursuant 
 to the sentence, Finerty, on the 30th of December, 1797, 
 stood for an hour, with great equanimity, in a pillory opposite 
 the Sessions' House in Green-street, attended by some most 
 respectable citizens, and surrounded by a large collection of 
 people, who, admiring his determined refusal of all overtures 
 to act dishonourably, testified their respect by the observance 
 of a marked silence, which was preserved till they applauded 
 him when, on descending from the pillory, he addressed the 
 spectators, observing : " My friends, you see how cheerfully
 
 CHURCIf-LANE. 325 
 
 lean suffer; I can suffer anything, provided it promotes the 
 liberty of my country." 
 
 On the conviction of Finerty, Arthur O'Connor published 
 a letter in the " Press," addressed to the Irish Nation, stating 
 that as, by Act of Parliament, a printer condemned for libel 
 could be deprived of his property in the paper in which it 
 had been inserted, it had become necessary that on the instant 
 another proprietor should come forward to save the Irish Press 
 from being put down. " To perform that sacred office to this 
 best benefactor of mankind," wrote O'Connor, " has devolved 
 upon me ; and, rest assured, I will discharge it with fidelity to 
 you and our country, until some one more versed in the busi- 
 ness can be procured. Every engine offeree and corruption 
 has been employed by these Ministers into whose hands, un- 
 fortunately for the present peace and the future repose of the 
 nation, unlimited power has been invested, to discover whether 
 I was the proprietor of the ' Press.' Had they sent to me, 
 instead of lavishing your money amongst perjurers, spies, 
 and informers, I would have told them, what I now tell you ; I 
 did set up the ' Press,' though in a legal sense I was not the 
 proprietor, nor did I look to any remuneration ; and I did so 
 because from the time that, in violation of property, in sub- 
 version of even the appearance of respect for the laws, and to 
 destroy not only the freedom of the Press itself, the present 
 Ministers demolished the ' Northern Star' no paper in Ire- 
 land, either from being bought up, or from the dread and 
 horror of being destroyed, would publish an account of those 
 enormities which those very Ministers had been committing. 
 In regarding the Press as the great luminary which has dis- 
 pelled the darkness in which mankind lay brutalized in igno- 
 rance, superstition, and slavery ; regarding it as that bright 
 constellation which, by its diffusion of light, is at this moment 
 restoring the nations amongst whom it has made its appear- 
 ance to knowledge and freedom ; whilst I," continued O'Con- 
 nor, "can find one single plank of the scattered rights of my
 
 326 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 country to stand on, I will fix ray eyes on the Press as the 
 polar star which is to direct us to the haven of freedom. 
 With these sentiments engraved on my heart; alive to the 
 honest ambition of serving my country ; regardless whether I 
 am doomed to fall by the lingering torture of a solitary dun- 
 geon, or the blow of the assassin ; if the freedom of the Press 
 is to be destroyed, I shall esteem it a proud destiny to be 
 buried under its ruins." 
 
 From the date of Finerty's conviction, the name of Arthur 
 O'Connor was substituted for that of the former as publisher 
 of the "Press." Amongst other productions of high literary 
 merit which appeared in the columns of the " Press" was the 
 following poem, entitled "The Wake of William Or," written 
 by William Drennan, M.D., a frequent contributor to this 
 paper : 
 
 "Here our brother worthy lies ; 
 Wake not him with women's cries ; 
 Mourn the way that manhood ought 
 Sit in silent trance of thought. 
 
 " "Write his merits on your mind 
 Morals pure, and manners kind ; 
 In his head, as on a hill, 
 Virtue placed her citadel. 
 
 " "Why cut off in palmy youth ? 
 Truth he spoke, and acted truth. 
 ' Countrymen, unite !' he cried ; 
 And died for what his Saviour died. 
 
 " God of Peace, and God of Love, 
 Let it not Thy vengeance move ; 
 Let it not Thy lightnings draw 
 A nation guillotin'd by law. 
 
 " Hapless nation ! rent and torn, 
 Thou wert early taught to mourn : 
 "Warfare of six hundred years ! 
 Epochs mark'd with blood and tears !
 
 CHURCH-LANE. 327 
 
 "Hunted thro' thy native grounds, 
 Or flung reward to human hounds ; 
 Each one pull'd and tore his share, 
 Heedless of thy deep despair. 
 
 " Hapless nation ! hapless land ! 
 Heap of uncementing sand ! 
 Crumbled by a foreign weight ; 
 And by worse domestic hate ! 
 
 ' ' God of Mercy I God of Peace ! 
 Make the mad confusion cease ; 
 O'er the mental chaos move ; 
 Through it speak the light of love. 
 
 " Monstrous and unhappy sight ! 
 Brothers' blood will not unite ; 
 Holy oil and holy water 
 Mix, and fill the world with slaughter. 
 
 " Who is she with aspect wild? 
 The widow' d mother with her child ; 
 Child new stirring in the womb 
 Husband waiting for the tomb ! 
 
 " Angel of this sacred place, 
 Calm her soul, and whisper peace ; 
 Cord, or axe, or guillotine, 
 Make the sentence, not the sin. 
 
 " Here we watch our brother's sleep ; 
 Watch with us, but do not weep ; 
 Watch with us thro' dead of night, 
 But expect the morning light. 
 
 " Conquer fortune persevere ! 
 Lo ! it breaks, the morning clear; 
 The cheerful Cock awakes the skies j 
 The day is come arise ! arise !" 
 
 Among the contributors to the "Press" were Thomas
 
 328 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Russell, Robert Emraett, John Sheares, and Thomas Addis 
 Emmett, who, under the signature of " Montanus," wrote 
 eleven " Letters from the Mountains, being a series of letters 
 from an Old Man in the country to a Young Man in Dublin." 
 Thomas Moore, in his seventeenth year, contributed anony- 
 mously to the " Press" an " Extract from a poem in imitation 
 of Ossian, and his first prose essay, a letter, signed " A 
 Sophister," addressed to the Students of Trinity College. 
 Portions of the latter production were subsequently appended 
 to the Report of the Secret Parliamentary Committee, for the 
 purpose of showing the excited state of public feeling at the 
 period. It is now impossible to discover the writers of all the 
 articles in the " Press ;" the box for the articles was generally 
 so full, that the editor had but to select, without troubling 
 himself with the names of the authors, Charles Phillips 
 mentions that he had every reason to believe that Curran was 
 among the number of the contributors to the " Press." 
 
 John Stockdale, at the rere of whose house in Abbey-street 
 was the printing-office of the paper, was in February, 1798, 
 committed to Kilmainham Gaol by the House of Lords, and 
 condemned to pay a fine of 500, in consequence of a publi- 
 cation disapproved of by the Peers having appeared in the 
 " Press." After the arrest of Arthur O'Connor in England, 
 the career of the " Press" was terminated by a military force 
 seizing and destroying its office and materials, under the di- 
 rection of Government, to prevent the publication of the sixty- 
 eighth number on Tuesday, the 6th of March, 1798, containing 
 a letter signed " Dion," written by John Sheares, and ad- 
 dressed to Lord Clare as " the author of coercion." Two sides 
 of the newspaper, containing this letter, had been printed before 
 the descent of the soldiers, who made a prize of the impression, 
 and circulated it rapidly at a greatly advanced price. 
 
 A volume entitled " The Beauties of the Press," contain- 
 ing the principal articles which had appeared in the Journal, 
 was published anonymously at Philadelphia, in 1800. Peter
 
 TIUN1TY-LANE. 320 
 
 Fiiierty, on the termination of his imprisonment, settled in 
 London, and became connected with the "Morning Chronicle." 
 In 1811 he was confined for eighteen months for his writings 
 against Lord Castlereagh, which he justified personally in 
 Court, and published his Case, including the law proceedings 
 against him, and his treatment in Lincoln Gaol: 8vo, 1811. 
 Finerty was regarded as the ablest reporter of his time. He 
 died at Westminster, llth May, 1822, aged 56 years. John 
 Philpot Curran entertained a very high estimation of Fiiierty, 
 who was one of the few admitted to his funeral. 
 
 Trinity-street was formerly called " Trinity Lane," from 
 " Trinity Hall," on the site of which the Rev. John Travers, 
 vicar of St. Andrew's, erected, at his own expense, " a com- 
 modious building, wherein were several apartments for the 
 convenient lodging of poor widows, formerly housekeepers of 
 this parish, and two rooms particularly set apart for a school 
 for the charity girls, and lodging for their mistress." The 
 parcel of ground formerly known as Trinity Hall, part of the 
 estate of Trinity College, Dublin, was taken on lease at fifty 
 shillings per annum by the churchwardens of the parish of St. 
 Andrew, who, in April, 1726, bound themselves and their 
 successors to keep in repair the almshouse erected on it, and 
 to pay the future rent, presenting their public thanks to Tra- 
 vers, its founder, "as well for his former acts of piety and cha- 
 rity since the parish had been happy in his ministration, as in 
 a more particular manner for the last benefit the poor widows, 
 housekeepers of this parish, were like to receive for the time 
 to come by his means." 
 
 This building continued to be used for its original purposes 
 till 1847, when its occupants were transferred to Wicklow- 
 street. 
 
 James Latham, a portrait painter of very high merit, re- 
 sided in Trinity-lane in the early part of the last century. 
 Latham was a native of Tipperary, and studied at Antwerp. 
 The pure style of his portraits of Mrs. Woffington, the actress,
 
 330 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 and Genriniani, the composer, procured him the title of the 
 Irish Vandyke. " I," says a writer of the latter part of the 
 last century, "have seen Latham's portrait by himself, at the late 
 Mr. Philip Hussey's, of Dublin, which was exceedingly valued 
 by the possessor. He painted history, but not with equal 
 success. When Latham was in his prosperity, a lady of dis- 
 tinction, with coarse lineaments, sat to him for her portrait, 
 which he drew faithfully ; but she was so disgusted with the 
 performance, that she abused the painter ; who immediately tore 
 it from the frame, and had it nailed on the floor of his hall as 
 a piece of oil-cloth. The consequence was that every person 
 who came in, knew the likeness ; and the anecdote became so 
 general, that the mortified nymph repented her vain indis- 
 cretion, and offered to buy the picture at any terms, Avhich 
 the artist peremptorily refused, and was so ungallant as to 
 have her effigy trodden under the feet even of his domes- 
 tics." 
 
 James Latham died in Trinity-lane about the year 1750. 
 In our catalogues of the works of John Brooks and Andrew 
 Miller will be found the particulars of various portraits painted 
 by Latham, and engraved by these artists. 
 
 William-street received its present name soon after the 
 termination of the Irish wars of the Revolution ; and, in the 
 early years of the last century, it was inhabited by many per- 
 sonages of importance, including James Coghill, LL.D.(1727) ; 
 John Wainwright, Baron of the Exchequer (1732); Carew 
 Reynell, Bishop ofDown(!739-1742); and Henry Cope, M.D., 
 Physician to the State in Ireland, a pupil and friend of Boer- 
 haave, who highly commended his " Demonstratio medico- 
 practica Prognosticorum Hippocratis, ea conferendo cum segro- 
 torum historiis in libro primo et tertio epidemiorum descriptis :" 
 Dublin: 8vo, 1736, pp. 336. 
 
 In William-street was the residence of Thomas Rundle, 
 appointed Bishop of Deny in 1735. Edmund Gibson, Bishop 
 of London, crediting the charge of deism brought against
 
 WILLIAM-STREET. 331 
 
 Rundle, refused, in 1733, to admit him to the See of Glouces- 
 ter ; and his subsequent appointment to Derry elicited the fol- 
 lowing satirical lines from Swift, on the English divines who 
 then nearly monopolized the Established Church of Ireland : 
 
 " Make Rundle Bishop ! fie for shame ! 
 An Arian to usurp the name ! 
 A Bishop in the Isle of Saints ! 
 How will his brethren make complaints ! 
 Dare any of the mitred host 
 Confer on him the Holy Ghost : 
 In Mother Church to breed a variance, 
 By coupling orthodox with Arians ? 
 Yet, were he Heathen, Turk, or Jew, 
 What is there in it strange or new ? 
 For, let us hear the weak pretence 
 His brethren find to take offence ; 
 Of whom there are but four at most, 
 "Who know there is a Holy Ghost ; 
 The rest, who boast they have conferr'd it, 
 Like Paul's Ephesians, never heard it; 
 And, when they gave it, well 'tis known, 
 They gave what never was their own. 
 Rundle a Bishop ! well he may ; 
 He's still a Christian more than they. 
 "We know the subject of their quarrels ; 
 The man has learning, sense, and morals. 
 There is a reason still more weighty ; 
 'Tis granted he believes a Deity; 
 Has every circumstance to please us, 
 Though fools may doubt his faith in Jesus. 
 But why should he with that be loaded, 
 Now twenty years from Court exploded ; 
 And is not this objection odd 
 From rogues who ne'er believed a God ? 
 For liberty a champion stout, 
 Though not so Gospel-ward devout. 
 While others, hither sent to save us, 
 Come but to plunder and enslave us ; 
 Nor ever own'd a power Divine, 
 But Mammon and the German line."
 
 332 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 For his first advancement in the world, James Thomson, 
 author of the " Seasons," was indebted to the disinterested 
 friendship of Rundle, who sought his acquaintance on the ap- 
 pearance of the poem on " Winter." Alexander Pope averred 
 that Rundle was an honour to the Bishops, and a friend and 
 benefactor to the human race ; adding that he never saw a 
 man so seldom whom he liked so much ; and in the Epilogue 
 to his Satires he observed : 
 
 " Ev'n in a Bishop I can spy desert : 
 Seeker is decent, Bundle has a heart." 
 
 Writing to Pope, in 1735, Swift remarks: "I have the 
 honour to know Dr. Rundle ; he is, indeed, worth all the rest 
 you [English] ever sent us, but that is saying nothing, for he 
 answers your character. I have dined thrice in his company. 
 He brought over a worthy clergyman of this kingdom as his 
 chaplain, which was a very wise and popular action. His 
 only fault," adds the Dean, " is, that he drinks no wine, and 
 I drink nothing else." 
 
 Dr. Rundle died at his house in William-street in 1743, 
 having acquired the favour of the Protestants of Ireland by 
 repeated acts of munificence and private generosity. 
 
 In William-street, in the year 1751, resided Henry Brooke, 
 who, according to some accounts, was born at Dublin in 1708, 
 while others state his birth-place to have been in the county of 
 Cavan, where his father, the Rev. William Brooke, held the 
 livings of Kilinkere and Moybolgue. From the school of Dr. 
 Thomas Sheridan, Brooke passed to Trinity College, Dublin, 
 and thence to the Temple, London, where he formed the acquain- 
 tance of Pope. On his return to Ireland Brooke practised for 
 some time as a chamber counsel, and soon afterwards married a 
 youthful cousin who had been committed to his guardianship. 
 Revisiting London in 1735, he published a philosophical poem, 
 entitled " Universal Beauty," said to have been revised by 
 Pope; and, in 1738, appeared his English version of the first
 
 WILLIAM-STREET. 333 
 
 three books of " G erusalemme Liberata," of which Hoole ob- 
 served : " It is at once so harmonious and so spirited, that I 
 think an entire translation of Tasso by him would not only 
 have rendered my task unnecessary, but have discouraged 
 those from the attempt whose poetical abilities are supe- 
 rior to mine." In London, Brooke became the associate of the 
 political adherents of the Prince of Wales; the latter, it is said, 
 4 * caressed him with uncommon familiarity, and presented him 
 with many elegant tokens of his friendship." From this con- 
 nexion resulted Brooke's tragedy of " Gustavus Vasa, the 
 Deliverer of his Country," which was accepted at Drury-lane, 
 and about to be produced when its performance was prohibited 
 by an order from the Lord Chamberlain, by direction of Sir 
 Robert Walpole, for whom the character of " Trollio" was 
 believed to have been intended. By the publication of the 
 tragedy, Brooke gained considerably more than he could have 
 obtained from its performance ; above one thousand copies were 
 subscribed for, at five shillings each, and from the sale of sub- 
 sequent editions he cleared nearly a thousand pounds. The 
 prohibition of the performance of the tragedy formed the 
 subject of an admirable satire, written by Samuel Johnson, 
 and published in 1739, under the following title: " A com- 
 plete Vindication of the Licensers of the Stage from the mali- 
 cious and scandalous aspersions of Mr. Brooke, author of 
 Gustavus Vasa ; with a proposal for making the office of 
 Licenser more extensive and effectual. By an Impartial Hand." 
 The English Licenser's prohibition of "Gustavus" did not 
 extend to Ireland, and it was frequently produced with success 
 at Dublin. Animated by the fame acquired from " Gustavus 
 Vasa," Brooke located himself and his family in a residence 
 in the vicinity of Alexander Pope, at Twickenham, whence 
 he soon returned to Ireland in consequence of ill-health, and 
 because his wife apprehended that the zeal with which he 
 espoused the cause of the Opposition might involve him in 
 serious troubles. In 1741 he contributed to Ogle's modern-
 
 334 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 ized version of Chaucer's " Constantia; or, the Man of Law's 
 Tale ;" and, in the same year, was produced at Dublin his tra- 
 gedy of" The Earl of Westmorland ; or, the Betrayer of his 
 Country." 
 
 Soon afterwards Brooke became concerned in an affair 
 which reflected but little credit on his integrity. 
 
 * A Mr. Robert Digby, of Roscommon, a relative of Henry 
 Brooke, feeling himself pressed by indigence, formed a design 
 of becoming author to procure a livelihood. Among the va- 
 rious subjects which presented themselves to his anxious mind, 
 none could afford such golden hopes as that which was likely 
 to catch the fancy of the times, and please the generality of 
 readers, who aim more at amusement than instruction. The 
 rapid sale of several works published with the title of Tales, as 
 the Arabian, Persian, and Peruvian, induced Digby to give 
 his intended work, whatever it might be, that airy name: and 
 the natives of this kingdom, at home and abroad, went so 
 much on Milesianism, that nothing could be devised happier 
 for a frontispiece than the sound of ' Ogygian Tales' but 
 Digby's parts were not equal to the undertaking, and the 
 assistance even of Brooke could not save him from the shame 
 of having printed proposals, taken in subscriptions, and aban- 
 doned his design. After he had languished some time under 
 reproach and despair, Mr. Contarine, who was ' more bent to 
 raise the wretched than to rise,' introduced him to Mr. [Charles] 
 O'Conor [of Balenagar] as the only man who could supply 
 materials for executing the task he had been obliged to abandon. 
 Mr. O'Conor liked the idea, and, being in the vigour of youth, 
 undertook to execute what the other gentlemen were not able 
 to perform. New proposals were printed on a new plan, with 
 an anonymous letter of Mr. O'Conor's, dated from Gal way, 
 June 21, 1743, and the work was executed by him, as Mr. 
 Contarine expresses it, * giving the genuine history of Ireland 
 in an entertaining dress.' He intrusted his manuscript to 
 Digby, who was to attend the printing in Dublin, and enjoy
 
 WILLIAM-STUUKT. 335 
 
 the emoluments, but to leave the merit of the composition to 
 him that was entitled to it. But Digby carried the manuscript 
 to Mr. Brooke, with whom he was in collusion, and, after 
 amusing Mr. O'Conor with idle promises, and procuring from 
 him what information he and Mr. Brooke wanted, the latter 
 published his proposals for nothing less than a History of Ire- 
 land. Contarine, fortunately, who was innocently instru- 
 mental to this infamous proceeding, obliged the gentlemen to 
 desist, even after they had gone so far, and there was an end 
 to Brooke's History, and to the ' Ogygian Tales,' which Mr. 
 O'Conor stripped of their fabulous garb, and published a few 
 years after, with the title of ' Dissertations on the History of 
 Ireland.' " 
 
 The Rev. Thomas Contarine, whose interposition concluded 
 this affair, was the clergyman who has been immortalized by 
 Oliver Goldsmith as the " village preacher" of Auburn. To 
 excite the Irish Protestants against Prince Charles in 1745, 
 Brooke published the "Farmer's Letters," in which he un- 
 sparingly reviled the enslaved Catholic people of Ireland, de- 
 claring them to have derived all their happiness from villany, 
 rapine, and midnight massacre ; that they condemned every 
 virtue ; sanctified every vice ; that all nature was but a juggle 
 in their hands ; and that their Godhead was demonism itself. 
 For these political writings he was recompensed by the ap- 
 pointment of Barrack-master of Mullingar, worth about 400 
 per annum, given him by the Earl of Chesterfield while Lord 
 Lieutenant. To Edward Moore's volume of fables Brooke 
 contributed four pieces of high merit, for very low payment. In 
 1748, his operatic play of " Jack the Giant Queller" was per- 
 formed to a crowded house at Smock-alley Theatre, but on the 
 following day, the Lords Justices of Ireland prohibited its re- 
 production, because several of the songs were supposed to sati- 
 rize bad governors, lord mayors, and aldermen. Many of the 
 in this piece were adapted to such native Irish airs as 
 Moll Roe," the " Breach of Aughrim," Drimin dnbh <HU*<
 
 336 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Graine Mhaol, Paidrin Mare, Siubhail a-run, "Ballinamona," 
 and Sios agus siosliom. In 1749, a tragedy, entitled the "Earl 
 of Essex," by Brooke, was produced on the Dublin stage, and 
 subsequently received at London with much applause, in pre- 
 ference to the rival plays on the same subject. Brooke renewed 
 his acrimonious attacks on the Irish Catholics in a pamphlet 
 styled the " Spirit of Party," published in 1754, for which he 
 was severely castigated by Charles O'Conor, in an anonymous 
 tract, entitled " The Cottager." In 1759 Brooke published 
 a treatise, entitled " The Interests of Ireland considered, 
 stated, and recommended," the object of which was to obtain 
 Parliamentary grants in aid of the plans for Inland Navi- 
 gation. Finding his writings against the prostrate Catholics 
 unproductive of all the advantages which he had expected, 
 Brooke, actuated by a desire of gain, agreed, for payment, 
 to undertake the advocacy of the people whom he had hi- 
 therto vituperated. Having made terms with the Catholic 
 Committee, he published a new series of the " Farmer's 
 Letters," together with the " Tryal of the Roman Catholics," 
 for both of which he was supplied with materials by Charles 
 O'Conor and Dr. John Curry; but these productions met 
 with little attention from the public, and disappointed the 
 parties who paid for them. Brooke was the first conductor 
 of the "Freeman's Journal," the establishment of which, in 
 1763, has been already noticed; and in this capacity various 
 public officers were said to have paid him sums of money, to 
 save themselves from being satirized in the newspaper. 
 
 A political satire of the time alludes as follows to Brooke 
 and the " Freeman's Journal," then published at St. Audoen'a 
 Arch, as mentioned in our account of that locality : 
 
 ' ' With equal art, his genius pliant 
 Can drain a bog, or quell a giant ; 
 Whilst one hand wounds each venal brother, 
 He for a bribe extends the other. 
 Your character's worth just so much 
 As you afford, and he can touch :
 
 WILMAM-VTRKBT. 337 
 
 With every virtue he abounds, 
 
 Who tips the patriot fifty pounds ; 
 
 Gold works strange wonders in his eyes, 
 
 Makes cowards brave, and dunces wise ; 
 
 Like Swiss, his hireling Muse engages 
 
 On any side that pays best wages. 
 
 One while staunch friend to Martin Luther, 
 
 He finds pure light and Gogpel truth there ; 
 
 Then thro' the realm makes proclamation 
 
 For Popery, priests, and toleration ! 
 
 He first, with many a fair pretence 
 
 To public spirit, truth, and sense, 
 
 Hatch' d that disgrace to law and reason, 
 
 That mass of slander, dulness, treason ; 
 
 That Journal which the Arch produces 
 
 For singeing fowl, or viler uses. 
 
 How chang'd from him whose noble rage 
 
 Brought great Gustavus to the stage, 
 
 And rous'd the Patriot's godlike fire 
 
 In strains which Stanhope might admire ! 
 
 Now Metius' fate and his are one : 
 
 By all he's torn, that's true to none." 
 
 In 1 766 Brooke commenced the publication of a novel in five 
 volumes, entitled " The Fool of Quality," which attained an ex- 
 tensive popularity. The Rev. John Wesley mentions that the 
 whimsical title of the book so prejudiced him at first against it, 
 that, expecting to find nothing in it of merit, he just opened 
 and threw it aside ; but, some time after, having read one 
 page, he was clearly convinced it would be worth while to read 
 the whole; and finally, in 1780, he himself edited the novel 
 under the title of" The History of Henry Earl of Moreland," 
 prefixing to it the following observations : " I venture to re- 
 commend the following treatise as the most excellent in its 
 kind of any that I have seen, either in the English or any other 
 language. The lowest excellence therein is the style, which is 
 not only pure in the highest degree ; not only clear and pro- 
 per, every word being used in its true, genuine meaning, but 
 frequently beautiful and elegant; and, where there in r.mm 
 
 VOL. III. 7,
 
 338 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 for it, truly sublime. But, what is of far greater value, is the 
 admirable sense conveyed therein; as it sets forth in full view 
 most of the important truths which are revealed in the Oracles 
 of God. And these are not only well illustrated, but also 
 proved in an easy, natural manner ; so that the thinking reader 
 is taught without any trouble the most essential doctrines of re- 
 ligion. But the greatest excellence of all in this treatise is, 
 that it continually strikes at the heart. It perpetually aims at 
 inspiring and increasing every right affection ; at the instil- 
 ling gratitude to God, and benevolence to man. And it does 
 this, not by dry, dull, tedious precepts, but by the liveliest 
 examples that can be conceived ; by setting before your eyes 
 one of the most beautiful pictures that ever was drawn in the 
 world. The strokes of this are so delicately fine, the touches 
 so easy, natural, and affecting, that I know not who can sur- 
 vey it with tearless eyes, unless he has a heart of stone. I re- 
 commend it, therefore, to all who are already, or desire to be, 
 lovers of God and man." 
 
 The " Fool of Quality" has been republished during 
 the present year, under the editorship of the Rev. Charles 
 Kingsley. 
 
 In 1772 Brooke published a poem entitled " Redemp- 
 tion." His last work, a novel in three volumes, styled "Juliet 
 Grenville, or the History of the Human Heart," appeared in 
 1774. 
 
 In the latter year Brooke retired with his family to a small 
 paternal estate named Cor-fada, or Long Field, in the western 
 side of the county of Cavan, and occupied himself with schemes 
 of agriculture and drainage. The following notice of him at 
 this period has been preserved in a letter written by one of his 
 visitors in 1775 : 
 
 " When I came within six or seven miles of Mr. Brooke's, 
 I was afraid I should mistake my way in such a wild part of the 
 country, so that I asked almost every one I met, man, woman, 
 and child, Is this the road toCor-foddy ?' Every one knew Mr.
 
 WILLIAM-STREET. 339 
 
 Brooke ; every one praised him, and wished he might live for 
 ever. As I knew the author of Gustavus Vasa' had written 
 a great deal in praise of agriculture, I expected, of course, as 
 I approached his house, that I should find it ' bosomed high in 
 tufted trees ;' that his hedges would be covered with flaunting 
 honeysuckle ; that I should find his garden a second Eden, 
 and that his grotto would excel Calypso's fabled one. To tell 
 you the truth, I never was so disappointed in my life ; not a 
 tree on the whole road to shelter the traveller from a shower; 
 not a hedge to be seen, and the way so bad, that I am sure it 
 must be impassable in the winter. His house stands on a 
 barren spot, and the only improvement I could see, a little 
 garden in the front, shaded with a few half-starved elms, that 
 seem rather to have been planted by chance than design. I 
 was led by an old woman into the library, which was small, but 
 well-furnished with the best English and Roman classics, and 
 a small shelf of the most pious books in our language, such as 
 the works of the author of the Whole Duty of Man,' Dr. 
 Watts, and the works of Bishop Ken. Several papers, in the 
 handwriting of Mr. Brooke, were pinned round the room ; one, 
 written in a hand in imitation of print, I found was the fol- 
 lowing passage out of Addison's 'Cato ;' the Italian translation, 
 which immediately followed, was, no doubt, composed by Mr. 
 Brooke himself, as I know that he is a perfect master of that 
 tongue : 
 
 ' Let me advise thee to retreat betimes 
 To thy paternal seat, the Sabine field, 
 Where the great Censor toiled with his own hands, 
 And all our frugal ancestors were blest 
 In humble virtues, and a rural life. 
 There live retired ; pray for the peace of Rome ; 
 Content thyself to be obscurely good. 
 When vice prevails, and impious men bear sway, 
 The post of honour is a private station.' 
 
 " This passage, no doubt, referred to some circumstances in 
 z 2
 
 340 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Mr. Brooke's life. I was charmed with the manner in which 
 he received me. I was scarce half an hour in conversation 
 with him when I found I could trace him in all his writings. 
 He was dressed in a long blue cloak, with a wig that fell 
 down his shoulders ; a little man, as neat as wax-work, with 
 an oval face, ruddy complexion, and large eyes full of fire. 
 In short, he is like a picture, mellowed by time. Mrs. Brooke 
 is in a very ill state of health ; she is quite emaciated, and so 
 feeble that she can scarce walk across the room. I never saw 
 so affectionate a husband and so tender a father in my life ; 
 out of two and twenty children there are only two alive, a son 
 and a daughter, Arthur and Charlotte. I did not see the son ; 
 the daughter inherits a considerable portion of the countenance 
 of the father, but she id as pale as a primrose, and almost as 
 thin as her mother. Our conversation at dinner turned chiefly 
 on the customs and manners of the inhabitants in the neigh- 
 bourhood. You would really think that Mr. Brooke was 
 talking of his own children, they were all so dear to him; he 
 prayed for them, and blessed them over and over again, with 
 tears in his eyes. Miss Brooke dwelt on their talents, ready 
 turns of wit, their passion for poetry, music, and dancing. In 
 the evening we walked into the garden ; his favourite flowers 
 were those that were planted by the hands of his wife and 
 daughter. I was astonished at his skill in botany; he dwelt 
 for some moments on the virtues of the meanest weeds, and 
 then launched out in such a panegyric on vegetable diet, that 
 he almost made me a Pythagorean. Having traversed the 
 garden, we came to a little gurgling stream ; Mr. Brooke 
 gazed on it for some moments, and then repeated four lines 
 out of Metastasio. When the conversation turned on the 
 poets, I expected that Miss Brooke would have shown me 
 some of her own poetry, but the diffidence and modesty of all 
 her expressions convinced me in a short time that I was not 
 to hope for that favour." 
 
 Brooke suffered continual embarrassment from his impru-
 
 WILLIAM-STRUET. 341 
 
 dence and want of perseverance ; during his latter years his 
 favourite pursuit was agriculture, on which he is said to have 
 written some excellent essays, and to have been intimately 
 conversant with the writings of the ancients on the subject. 
 He died at Dublin in 1783, in a state of second childhood. 
 His poetical and dramatic works were published by subscrip- 
 tion, in four volumes, by his accomplished daughter, Char- 
 lotte Brooke, who prefixed to them a brief and defective me- 
 moir of her parent, relative to the early and more important 
 parts of whose career she was unable to acquire any accurate 
 information. 
 
 In William-street resided Edward Wingfield, barrister, 
 who succeeded to the estate of Powerscourt in 1717, on the 
 death of his cousin, Folliot Wingfield, Viscount Powerscourt. 
 The dormant peerage of Powerscourt was, in 1743, conferred 
 on Edward Wingfield's son, Richard, who, dying in 1751, was 
 succeeded by his son Edward, the patron of George Barret, 
 who in early life passed much of his time at this nobleman's 
 demesne in the county of Wicklow, the scenery of which 
 formed the subject of many of his paintings. " Of this no- 
 bleman the sentiments of all who had the happiness of being 
 known to him were uniform and unvaried. His generosity 
 and magnificence, his engaging, unaffected conversation, the 
 lively energies of his mind, were almost generally felt and ac- 
 knowledged. He was distinguished among his associates, and 
 those who, having long survived him, idolized his memory, by 
 the appellation of the French Lord Powerscourt, an epithet, 
 not of frivolity, but acquired merely by his long residence in 
 France, where his agreeableness, his vivacity, and courteous, 
 easy manners, rendered him universally liked ; and with some 
 of the principal personages of the Court of Louis the Fifteenth 
 he was a particular favourite. In London he was equally re- 
 lished ; and whether there or in Dublin, conversing with men 
 of sense and the world, entertaining a brilliant circle of both 
 sexes at his delightful seat of Powerscourt ; or again return-
 
 342 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 ing to the society of Paris, La Clairon, Comte d'Argenson, 
 and others, he captivated all ranks of people. He seemed to 
 exist only to please, and render those about him contented, 
 and satisfied with themselves. Having been a votary of fa- 
 shion for several years, and given rise to many of its fantasies 
 and agreeable follies, he was not overpowered by the habits of 
 self-indulgence. He listened reluctantly and supinely at first, 
 but still he listened, to the voice of his Country, which told 
 him that the duties of public life should take their turn also, 
 and had a predominant claim on those who, like him, to high 
 birth and station, added what was of far more consequence to 
 the community, the powers of a strong and cultivated mind. 
 Accordingly, he for some time attended the House of Lords. 
 But he soon discovered that, although he wished to engage in 
 business, the Upper House of the Irish Parliament was, of all 
 places on earth, the most unpropitious to any such laudable 
 pursuit. An ungenerous and unwise policy had withered al- 
 most all the functions of that assembly, and the ill-omened 
 statute of George the First hung on it like an incubus. He 
 was much mortified at finding himself in the company of such 
 august, but imbecile, inefficient personages, who moved about 
 more like the shadows of legislators than genuine and sapient 
 guardians of the realm, or counsellors to Majesty. He soon 
 grew weary of them. To an intimate friend of his he lamented 
 that he was not born a commoner ; and, some time after, he 
 proved that he was not affectedly querulous or insincere in the 
 regret which he expressed, for he procured a seat in the Eng- 
 lish House of Commons. Whilst he sat there, he spoke not 
 unfrequently ; his speaking was much approved of, and he 
 began to relish the new scene of life into which, for the best 
 purposes, he had now entered. But procrastination renders 
 our best efforts ineffectual : a severe malady soon overtook 
 him; he resigned his seat in the House of Commons, and, 
 after struggling with uninterrupted ill health for some time, 
 he died universally beloved, in the prime of life, having scarcely
 
 WILLIAM-STREET. 343 
 
 passed his thirty-fourth year. Lord Charlemont lived with 
 him, as with the dearest brother of his heart, and to the close 
 of his life spoke of and lamented him with the truest sensibi- 
 lity." On his death, in 1764, this nobleman was succeeded in 
 his titles by his brother Richard, who erected Powerscourt 
 House in William-street, at a cost of 8000, from the design 
 of Robert Mack. The mansion, built of mountain stone, 
 raised on the Powerscourt estate, was commenced in 1771, 
 and completed in 1774. The ascent to the house is by a 
 double flight of steps, of a peculiar but convenient form. 
 The first story is enriched by rustic arched windows, and an 
 entablature of the Doric order, which is continued through- 
 out the front, and the two gates connected with it, that ap- 
 pear as wings on each side ; over the gates are pediments 
 of the same order. In the centre of the second story is a 
 Venetian window of the Ionic order, and the windows at 
 each side are ornamented with pedestals, architrave, frieze, 
 cornice, and pediment ; the windows in the attic story are 
 decorated by architrave, &c., in a good taste. Above this, 
 supporting a pedestal work, is a cornice with a pediment in the 
 centre, in which was the escutcheon of the family. Elevated 
 above the rest of the front is a quadrangular ornamented 
 building, which served for an observatory, commanding a 
 prospect of the harbour and parts adjacent to Dublin. The 
 interior of the mansion, and the hall and drawing-rooms, were 
 decorated and finished with much elegance and taste. The 
 gateway to the right of the house led to the stables ; that to 
 the left, to the kitchen and other offices. 
 
 On the death of Richard Viscount Powerscourt, in Au- 
 gust, 1788, his remains were laid out in state in the parlour of 
 the mansion in William-street, the apartment being hung in 
 black, the coffin covered with a black pall, surrounded by wax 
 tapers. The public were admitted on two days to view the 
 ceremonial, and the remains were subsequently removed to 
 the family vault at Powerscourt, escorted by a party of the
 
 344 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Powerscourt Volunteer regiment of light horse, with many 
 persons of distinction, and one hundred and fifty of his lord- 
 ship's tenants on horseback. 
 
 Richard, fourth Viscount Powerscourt, manifested a strong 
 and uniform attachment to his native country. In the House 
 of Peers, in the session of 1799, he, with much spirit, opposed 
 the address containing a passage favourable to the Union with 
 Great Britain, against the final enactment of which he entered 
 his protest. Lord Powerscourt subsequently sold his mansion 
 in William-street for 15,000 to the Crown, in which it was 
 vested by Act of Parliament, passed on the 14th of August, 
 1807, and allocated to the use of the Commissioners of the 
 Stamp Duties in Ireland, who continued to occupy this build- 
 ing from the year 1811 till they removed to the Custom 
 House in 1835. 
 
 The new Castle Market, in this locality, was opened in 
 1783, and a house on the eastern side of William-street was 
 occupied by the Police Commissioners from their establish- 
 ment, by Act of Parliament, in 1786. 
 
 The painters, sculptors, and architects resident in Dublin, 
 at the commencement of the reign of George III., experienc- 
 ing much difficulty and discouragement from the frequent im- 
 portation of the productions of foreigners ; and observing the 
 advantages derived in England from annual exhibitions of 
 paintings, formed themselves into an association, under the 
 name of the "Society of Artists," and, in February, 1765, 
 opened an exhibition of their works at Napper's Great Room, 
 in George' s-lane, the catalogue of which will be found in the 
 Appendix. The universal approbation with which this exhi- 
 bition was received exceeded the expectations of its promoters, 
 who resolved to apply its proceeds to the erection of an exhi- 
 bition room and school, where the more advanced artists might 
 contribute to the improvement of each other, and the younger 
 students receive the benefit of their instruction. To a sub- 
 scription opened for the purpose in 1765, about one hundred
 
 WILLIAM-STRKKT. 345 
 
 noblemen and gentlemen contributed, each subscriber of three 
 guineas receiving a silver ticket to admit him and his heirs to 
 the future exhibitions. With these funds and their own con- 
 tributions, the Society erected, on the eastern side of William- 
 street, a building considered one of the most suitable of its 
 time for the proposed purpose, the exhibition room being of an 
 octagonal form, every part of which received a cool, equal 
 light from the top. 
 
 The Society's first exhibition, at their room in William- 
 street, opened on the 10th of March, 1766, contained paintings 
 by Jeremiah Barret, Ballard, Carver, De Lanauze, Delane, 
 Ennis, Fisher, Hunter, Hamilton, Mulling, Mannin, Somer- 
 vil Pope, Keilly, Roberts, Sisson, Peter Shee, Pope Steevens, 
 Woodburn, and Wingfield ; sculptures and models by Patrick 
 Cunningham, Cranfield, and Tassie ; drawings and prints by 
 Bertrand, Beranger, Chambers, Fisher, Haly, and Bernard 
 Scale. 
 
 Soon after its foundation the Society applied to the Par- 
 liament of Ireland for aid, but without success, although, at 
 the period, the establishment of an academy for painting was 
 strongly advocated. On this subject a Dublin writer of the 
 time observed : "Ireland gave England the hint of a draw- 
 ing academy. Some of the greatest artists have been bred here 
 [in Dublin]. In landskips we have no competitors. Mr. West 
 has sent out scholars of the greatest promise, now [1767] 
 abroad. But, before that great master presided in our [Dub- 
 lin Society's] Academy, we have had painters, the best in 
 these islands, at least. Jervis I would not mention, but that 
 he is so celebrated by Mr. Pope. Reily, the chief of Dryden's 
 catalogue, was son of an Irish painter. Frye, Fisher, Mac 
 Ardel, and many of the capital engravers were ours. The 
 Academy [of the Dublin Society] has produced many excel- 
 lent in chalks, and more than this it could not do, for more 
 it did not teach. To expect painters from mere workers in 
 chalk would be to expect philosophers from a grammar-school.
 
 346 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Surely, to have painters from a mere drawing-school is to reap 
 without sowing. If the Society would have painters, there 
 must be schools for painting." 
 
 The erection of the Exhibition Room in William-street 
 cost the Society 1307 5s. lid; the subscriptions and the 
 money received by the exhibitions not exceeding 927 5s. 1 Id., 
 there remained a debt of 380, and the estimate to complete 
 the work amounted to 1 1 24 1 Os. Id. The Society of Artists 
 consequently, renewed, in 1767, their application to the House 
 of Commons of Ireland, setting forth that they had in part exe- 
 cuted their scheme, but being unable to carry it farther into 
 execution without public assistance, they prayed that Parlia- 
 ment would turn its countenance to them, and extend a sea- 
 sonable aid. A grant of 500 was made on this petition, the 
 Parliamentary Committee to which it was referred having re- 
 solved that the building an Exhibition Room and Academy, 
 where such pictures, casts from the antique, books of draw- 
 ing, and prints as the Society could obtain, might be deposited 
 for young persons to study, under the instruction of the more 
 experienced artists, would be of the greatest advantage to the 
 arts and manufactures of Ireland. With this grant, and 200 
 presented by the trustees of the building of the Royal Ex- 
 change, and the receipts of their exhibitions, the Society 
 erected part of the proposed building, the estimate for com- 
 pleting which amounted to 1730 Us. 4d. Their funds 
 being inadequate to this expenditure, they again applied, in 
 1769, for Parliamentary aid, proposing to give their atten- 
 dance, without reward, for the instruction of young students 
 in the several branches of the fine arts, so soon as they should 
 have a convenient building erected for that purpose. On this 
 memorial Parliament did not make any grant, although the 
 Committee of the House of Commons, to which it had been 
 referred, reported in favour of the petitioners ; and the Society 
 was obliged to complete the building with funds advanced by 
 some of its own members.
 
 WILLIAM-STREET. 347 
 
 To the year 1774 the Society continued to hold, at its 
 room in William-street, regular annual exhibitions, composed 
 mainly of the works of its original members, with those of 
 Ashford, Samuel Dixon, Rickey, Wyndham Madden, Boulger, 
 Bourke, Hincks, Hone, Barralet, Doughty, Alexander Pope, 
 Trotter, and Wheatley. 
 
 The Irish artists soon found that they were to expect but 
 little encouragement in their own country, and many of them 
 migrated to London, where they acquired eminence and com- 
 petency, by the production of works which had remained un- 
 noticed by the collectors in Dublin, who expended large sums 
 in the purchase of inferior foreign pictures, and mediocre 
 copies of Old Masters, palmed upon them as originals. On 
 this subject a Dublin writer, in 1769, made the following 
 observations : 
 
 " We had a Mac Ardel, a Spooner, and a Barret ; our ne- 
 glect of their great merit banished them to England. Peter 
 Shee breathed amongst us, and lately died in distress. Car- 
 ver we yet have, but he is preparing to leave us : for shame, 
 gentlemen, Irishmen ; preserve one genius to yourselves of all 
 your stock. Upon my return from viewing a collection of 
 paintings of various foreign masters, belonging to a gentleman 
 in this town, I met Mr. Carver in the street. After an inter- 
 change of compliments, and learning where I had been, he 
 asked me how I liked the collection. 'There are several 
 finished pieces,' said I, but I want to see some paintings by 
 Irish hands, and particularly by your own, in other places be- 
 side the Exhibition room.' Why,' replied he, ' I have some 
 pieces at home which would be no disgrace to a gentleman's 
 dining-room, but then they would be known to be mine, and 
 no one would vouchsafe to look upon the paltry daubings. 
 Indeed, if I had recourse to the dealers' arts, made use of the 
 Spaltham pot, and gave it out that they were executed by 
 Signor Somebodini, all the connoisseurs in town would flock 
 about them, examine them attentively with their glasses, and
 
 348 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 cry out with rapture " What striking attitudes ! what warm 
 colouring ! what masses of light and shade ! what a rich fore- 
 ground ! Did you ever see anything more riant ?" If you 
 have leisure/ continued he, ' to go with me to my house, I 
 will show you a piece I have lately finished, that, perhaps, 
 you may think has some merit.' I," adds our author, "readily 
 accepted of his invitation, and found he had not uttered a vain 
 boast ; for, indeed, he showed me a piece executed in so mas- 
 terly a manner, that I could have gazed on it for hours with 
 the highest satisfaction, but that I was pained to see so much 
 merit unadmired and unrewarded." 
 
 Robert Carver received so little encouragement in Dublin 
 that, when engaged by David Garrick, he was necessitated to 
 have a musical benefit to pay his debts and his passage to Lon- 
 don, where, as scene-painter to Drury-lane and Covent-garden, 
 lie attained an eminence unapproached in that department of 
 art. Another of the many Irish artists of merit who left 
 Dublin from want of employment is mentioned as follows by 
 a writer in 1771 : 
 
 " Mr. Hickey, much noticed when a boy for his amazing 
 likenesses in chalks, perhaps more the fashion here at that 
 time than any painter has been since, after spending several 
 years in Italy, studying from the antique, and having enriched 
 his imagination, returned home, big with hopes of a continua- 
 tion of those favours which his once generous patrons had 
 heaped upon him ; but, alas, how changeable ! nothing to do, 
 his spirits languid and depressed, he at last set out for Lon- 
 don, where he now [1771] is, and may expect the greatest 
 success, as he was considered at this year's British Exhibition 
 in London as an additional luminary, and vast acquisition." 
 
 The Society's Exhibition for 1775 was held in George's- 
 lane. In 1776 they did not hold any exhibition ; but in 1777 
 they exhibited in their room in William-street, subsequent to 
 which they held no exhibition till 1780 ; and of this, their last 
 display, the catalogue will be found in the Appendix.
 
 WILLIAM-STHEET. 349 
 
 During the viceroyalty of the Duke of Rutland, the estab- 
 lishment of an academy and school of painting was projected 
 in Dublin. It was proposed that the Dublin Society's Schools 
 should remain in their existing state, and that the scholars, 
 after having passed through the rudiments of design, should 
 be received in the intended Academy, which was to be com- 
 posed of a President and twenty members of the first class, to 
 regulate the conduct of the Society, and an unlimited number 
 of the second and third classes. Visitors were to be elected 
 from the whole Society, to attend in rotation in the Academy 
 of living models. A National Gallery was to be erected, and 
 the best specimens of ancient art that could be purchased were 
 to be deposited in it, for the use of the students ; and, to im- 
 prove the national taste, it was to be opened two days in each 
 week for public inspection; during the remainder of the week 
 the students were to have been allowed to copy the works, 
 under the inspection of Peter de Gree, noticed in our account 
 of Dame-street, who Avas to have been constituted the Keeper, 
 which would have been a permanent office; the President, Vi- 
 sitors, and Lecturers being elected annually. The death of 
 the Duke of Rutland, in 1787, interfered with this design, the 
 execution of which was subsequently placed in the hands of 
 Foster, the Speaker of the Commons ; but, previous to hav- 
 ing it brought before the public, it was deemed advisable to 
 submit the plan to various persons, supposed to be interested 
 in the undertaking. Some of the individuals thus consulted 
 brought forward a new design, proposing to unite, in one so- 
 ciety, an academy of arts, a museum for mechanical works, and 
 a repository for manufactures. The Earl of Charlemont, 
 thinking that this latter scheme might be productive of pub- 
 lic benefit, was induced to become its patron ; but, although 
 a subsequent investigation led to its final rejection, it had the 
 effect of rendering abortive the original plan for establish- 
 ing the Academy of Painting and the National Gallery for 
 Ireland.
 
 350 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 The affairs of the Society of Artists having become em- 
 barrassed, their house fell into the hands of an unprincipled 
 and selfish agent, from whom they were unable to recover it, 
 in consequence of their not having been incorporated ; and, 
 about 1793, it was taken by the Corporation of Dublin, which 
 transferred its meetings thither, from the Tholsel. From the 
 time of its erection various public meetings and balls had been 
 held in the Exhibition Room. The College Historical Society 
 assembled in this edifice in 1 794 ; and on the 9th of Decem- 
 ber, 1799, the Bar of Ireland met here to discuss the pro- 
 posed Union, when the result of the division was 166 against 
 the measure, and 32 in its favour. Each lawyer of the mino- 
 rity, on this occasion, was subsequently rewarded by a lucra- 
 tive Government office. 
 
 The Corporation of Dublin, in 1809, became the lessees 
 of this building, which they continued to occupy as an " As- 
 sembly House" till their removal, in 1852, to the Royal Ex- 
 change. The original Exhibition Room of the Society of 
 Artists, in William-street, is at present used as a Court for 
 the recovery of small debts.
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 POSSESSIONS OF THE DISSOLVED NUNNERY OF HOGGES, DUBLIN, 
 A.D. 1540. 
 
 [From the State Paper Office, London. See page 4.] 
 
 " Possessions ad nup Domu Monialiu de Hogges juxta Dublin spect. 
 " Com : Dublin, Hogges. 
 
 " Extenta terr et tefitog ac aliag tm Spualiu qrh Tempaliu sub- 
 scrip tog in Com Dublin que ad manus Dili Regis devener p dissolu- 
 c&em nup domus Monialiu de Hoggf juxta Dublin de priorissa et 
 Conventu dissolute p'textu cuiusdm actus editi in pliamento diii Regis 
 tento apud Dublin pdcam Anno regni dci Dili Regis nunc xxviii 
 fact apud Dublin pdcam viii die Novembr. anno regni pdci Dni 
 Regis nunc xxxii a , coram Thoma Walssh, Jofce Mynne et Willmo 
 Cavendyssh assign unacu Anthonio Seyntleg?milite p Iras Regis paten- 
 tes de magno Sigillo suo Anglie ad supvidend et extendend in? alia pos- 
 sessiones sup'dcas p Sacrih Simonis Gaydon, Jacobi Rychford Jotiis 
 Dungayne Rici Mori-en Baruabi Ryely Thome Downe de Callarton 
 Mauricij Ocurren Rici Obroy Edi Osoly et Hugonis Obyrne pbog et 
 legaliu homi de visu terr et tentog pd jur. Qui dicunt sup sacrm 
 suu qd edeficia Ecclie et aliog locog infra scitu Domus pdct' nup 
 existen dirupta existunt p Willm Brabazon Subthes Dni Regis 
 Hilmie post dissolucoem Domus pdce et lapides tegule et maremium 
 inde asportat fuer p eundm Subthes us^ ad Castrum Dni Regis Dub- 
 lin que adhuc ibm existunt p. repac^e eiusdm Castri ut intelligunt. 
 Et dicunt qd est itm quoddrh elm pasture muris circumdatQ continen 
 in se p estimacoem duas acras quod Joties Dongan modo occupat 
 reddend inde p annQ xxviii'. Et est ifcm extra muros scitus pdci
 
 352 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 quoddm gardinum quod idm Johes Dongan occupat reddendo iude p 
 annu x*. Et sunt ibm xxviii acre terre a? de terf dnicalibus domus 
 pdce quarj? quamft acf extend p an ad xii d . xxviii 1 . quas Johes 
 Whyte miles modo occupat reddendo inde p annu xxviii'. Sm* ex- 
 ten te terr dnical Ixx' [rectius LXVI]. 
 
 " Civitas Dublin. 
 
 " Et in Civitate Dublin est unu tent'u cum gardino et alijs ptiii 
 suis scituatu in vico voc Roche-lane pcella possess p'd quod Simon 
 Gaydon Scator tenet ad firmam p indentur reddendo inde p annu xii*. 
 ac sustentand repacoes ejusdm et alia ona incubencia, Et est in 
 eadm Civitate unu aliud tentu juxta le Tollshyll eiusdm Civitat' in 
 pochia Sci XichI quod Willms SpenS tenet ad firm reddend p annQ 
 xx'. Et est ibm in eadm pochia unu mes cu ptin ex apposito hostio 
 Ecclie juxta le Tolshyll pclcam quod Ro^tus Sylyford modo occupat 
 reddendo p annu xvi d . Et in vico voc the Wyne Tavernstrete in 
 pochia Sci Johis infra Civitatem pdcam est unu mes cu ptin quod 
 Felmeus Cowper modo occupat reddendo p annu iiii*. ultra repaco. 
 Et est ibm unu mes cu ptin quod Jacobus Paynter modo occupat 
 reddend p annu v*. ultra repacoes. Et est ibm una domus in vico 
 voc the Cookes Strete infra pochiam p'd quam Margareta Colgan 
 tenet p inden p, ?mo anno adhuc duranciu reddendo p annu xvi*. 
 Et est ibm in eodem vico in pochia Sci Owini unu gardinu quod 
 Wal?us Caron modo occupat reddendo p annu viii d . Et est ibm 
 apud le Woode Kay in pochia Sci Owini quedrh domus cu ptiii quam 
 Ricus Fytz Symond modo occupat reddendo p an ii 8 . Et est ibm in 
 vico voc le Fysshamyll' Strete in pochia pdca quedam domus cQ 
 ptin quam Dfis Nichus Carne Clicus modo occupat reddendo p annu 
 vii*. Et est it>m in Alto vico infra pochiam Sci Hichis Archi que- 
 dam domus quam Jacobus de Grey Scator modo tenet p indentur p 
 ?mino anno| adhuc duranciu reddendo inde p annu xvi*. Et est in 
 eodem vico in pochia pdca quedam domus ad [blank in origJ] Bathe de 
 Raffeyth in qua Jones Frenchman Taylo I modo inhitat extra quam 
 domu pdcam nup Priorissa et pdecessores sui pcipere solebant an", 
 quendam redditu x 1 . Et est ibm in pochia Sci Georgij unu gardinu 
 juxta coem Venellam, quod Mauricius Fulhm nup occupavit red- 
 dendo p Anna vi'. Et est ibm in vico voc the Fore Strete in Ox- 
 manton in pochia Sci Miani ultra pontem Civitatf p'dce in suburb 
 ejusdm Civitatf quedam domus cu ptin quam Barnabas Keely tenet 
 ad firmam p indentur p ?mlo annog adhuc duranciu reddendo inde p
 
 APPENDIX I. 353 
 
 anna x s . Et est in Civitate Pdca in dco vico voc le Cookes Strete in 
 pdcta pochia Sci Owini quedam domus ptinens ad Pra^nitatem See 
 Anne in eadm Ecclia quam Nicnus Humfrey fficator modo tenet 
 extra quam domu pdca nup Priorissa et pdecessores suas nup Priorisse 
 domus pdce pcipere solebant in jure eiusdm nup domus sue quendra 
 annualem redditu v 9 . Et est ibm in Alto Yico juxta Aque Ducta que- 
 dam Shopa ptinens ad dcam Frat'nitatem See Anne extra quam pdca 
 nup Priorissa et pdecessores sue pcipere solebant in jure domus sue 
 quendam annualem redditfl vi 8 . Et est infra lifctatem cif. pdce' in 
 pochia Sci Mcfoi extra muros eiusdm Crvitatis unQ gardinu pcella pos- 
 sessionu pdcag quod Ka?ina Marten modo tenet reddendo inde p 
 annu iii 8 . iiii d . Et est in vico voc le Newstrete infra dcam pochiam 
 Sci Nichi unu mes cu ptin pcella possessions f dca^ quod Ricus Moren 
 modo occupat reddendo inde p annu iii 8 . ultra xii d . p annu solut Epo 
 Dublin de quieto reddu. 
 
 " Sm a reddit assis in Civitate pdce . . . vi u . vii*. iiii d . 
 
 "ViUatadeRagath. 
 
 " Et dicunt qd" in Yillata de Eagarth in Com pdco est unfl mes 
 cu ptin iiii.x acre terre ar. et iii acre subbosci et dumog pcella posses- 
 sionu pd. qua^ qualt acram terre ar extend p annu ad xii d . iiii". x'. 
 que Jacobus Rychards nlcator tenet ad firm p indentur p ?mio annoj 
 adhuc duranciu ex dimissione nup Priorisse domus p'dicte reddendo 
 inde p annu Iiii 8 . iiii d . 
 
 " YiUata de Callarton. 
 
 " Et in Villata de CaUarton in Com. gdco sunt tria mes et C. 
 acre terre ar qua quamlt acram extend p annu ad viii d . Ixvi*. viii*. 
 que Mauricius Okerran, Edus Offolye et Eicus Obroy modo tenent 
 ad firm ad voluntat reddendo inde in?, se p ann Ixvi 8 . viii d . 
 
 " Et dicunt qd" x a . garba^ ejusdm Villata que est pcella posses- 
 sionu p'd. colligit coib" annis p duas copulas acrag erani quaj quamtt 
 copulam extend" ad xiii*. iii d ., xxvi 8 . viii d . Et qd quitt pd triu te- 
 ncnciu reddit an tm ad festu Nattis dm unam Gallinam pcij ii . vi d . 
 
 "MaSiudeCromblyn. 
 
 "Extenta terra^ et tento^ infra MaSiu dc Cromblyn in Com 
 pdco que ad manus Dm Eegis devcner p dissolucoem pdco nup 
 domus Monialiu de Hoggf juxta Dublin fca' apud Cromblyn pdcam 
 xxix die Octobris anno regni Dn Eegis nunc Hcnr viii. xxxii. 
 coram Thoma Walash et Johe Mynnc et Willnio Cavcndyssh Comis- 
 
 VOL. III. 2 A
 
 354 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 sionar dci Dm Eegis assign unacu Anthonio Seyntleg? Milite ad 
 supindend" et extendend omia et singla mania terr et tenta Dm Eegis 
 in terra sua Hifrnie p sacru Joftis Bathe de Cromblyn Rici Talbott 
 de eadm RoBti Peerse de eadm Nictii Lyon de eadm AVfti Braghall 
 de eadm Jonis Bolton de eadm Patricij Nele de eadm Jonis Lawles 
 et Rici Kelly de eadm pbog et legaliu homin' de visu Mam'j pdci jur : 
 Qui dicunt sup sacru suu qd" sunt infra mam'u pd. unu mes modo 
 ^stratu et xv acre terre pcella possessions pd! p. quib 8 pdca nup 
 Priorissa domus illius reddere solebat ad mamu pd! de quieto redd/u 
 p annii xi*. iii d . que val p annu ultra redditu pdcm ii*. 
 
 " Sm a extente terr forinc in Com Dublin .... vii u . ix . ii d . 
 
 "Com. Mid:. 
 
 " Extenta terra^ et tntog in Villatf de Dullagh et Knockamore 
 in Com Mid que ad manus dci Dm Regis p dissolucoem nup domus 
 pdce similiter devener fca apud Armulphan in Com pdco iiiij. die 
 Octobr anno regni dci Dm Regis nunc xxxii coram Jofte Myne uno 
 Coiiiissionaf Dm Regis pd6o assistentibus ei Rotto Cowley et Patricio 
 Barnewell p sacru Johis Whyte Clici Mathei Duff clici Jonis Tallon 
 Donaldi Omulrean Patricij Porter Thome Frane Thome Bradye 
 Will! Broketon et alio^ pbog et legal homi Com pdci jur. Qui dicunt 
 sup sacru suu qd in pdca Villata de Dullagh juxta Ardbrackan sunt 
 Ste terre que ad diet domu Monialiu ptinebant et valent p Annu 
 
 "Knockamore. 
 
 "Et in Yillata de Cnockamore pdca sunt Ste alie terre eidm nup 
 domui ptinentes que valent p Annu xi". iii' 1 . 
 " Sm a extente terra^ forinc ) 
 in Com Mid ....... j xvii$ - ^ 
 
 " Com. Kyldare. 
 
 " Extenta 8ta| terra| et tento^ nup domui pd ptin in Com. pdco 
 facta apud Kylka in Com Kyldare xxvii die No9. Anno regni Dm 
 Regis nunc Hen? viii xxxii coram Johe Mynne uno Comissionar 
 Dni Regis pd p sacrum Martini Pellf de Athye Thome Fitz Garret 
 de Dullardstoii Mathei de Sco Miche Baro de Reban Jacobi 
 Fitz Garret de Mellons Grunge Jacobi Moultell de Athye Rot>ti 
 Woolf de Athye clici Arnoldi Woolf de Kylcobnan Leo8di Casshell 
 de Tresscl-Dermot Rici Vale de Frompolston Dionisij Helan de 
 Athye clici Dermicij Obyen de Catherlaiigh Jotiis M c Mymorogh dc
 
 APPENDIX II. 355 
 
 Russelston David Moyly de Glassely Mauricij Odoren do Woodstok 
 Donaldi Smyth de Domongwery Donaldi Conno? de Norragh 
 Donaldi Obeagn de Founeston et Jotiis Herrold de Rathdonal pbo* 
 et legaliu homi Cofc gdci jura?. Qui dicunt sup sacru suu qd sunt 
 m Villata de Achad iiii- acr terre nup ar magne mensure qualt acra 
 continen uu" aer modo vastat et inoccupat rone guerr p le Thoylez 
 >t le Kaveners et valent si dimitterent xvi\ Et x\ ea^dm ad dcm 
 nup Monas?m spectabat et vat quando dca terra semia? vi'. viii d . 
 
 " Sm tt tocius extente possessionu ad ~] 
 dcam nup domu de Hogges ultra >xviii u . v a . 
 
 ?re vastet j 
 
 * quibus. 
 
 " Deducunt An"9 p pcuracbibus Archiepi Dublin . xx. 
 
 " Srn" deducconu pred. 
 
 " Et reman ultra xvii". v d ." 
 
 ]S T o. II. 
 
 " AN ACCOMPT OF THE RIGHTS OF ST. ANDREW'S PARISH TO 
 PART OF DAMMES-STREET, IN CONTROVERSY BETWEEN THE 
 TWO PARISHES OF ST. WARBUBGH AND ST. ANDREWS." 
 
 [From the original autograph Manuscript of Anthony Dopping, Bishop of Kildare, 
 A. D. 1678. See page 306.] 
 
 " THE STATE OF THE CASE. The Parish of St. Warburgh pretends 
 that the bounds of St. Warburgh Parish doe extend without the 
 Dammes gate" on both sides of the way, unto the water course that 
 runs through the Castle yard, and so along by the Horse guard, and 
 then emptys itself at the end of Essex-street into the Liffie. The 
 Parish of St Andrews challengeth a right to all the houses without 
 Dammes gate on both sides of the way, and makes the Dammes gate 
 and the citty wall to be the meare and bound between the two 
 parishes. 
 
 " PHETENCES OF ST. "WABBTJKGH. The pretences of St. Warburgli 
 arc grounded 1 . Upon a record in the Auditor's office that mentions 
 the Dammes milles" to be in parochia de Le Dammes. 2. Upon an 
 
 See vol. ii., p. 256. b Ib. page 253. 
 
 2 A2
 
 356 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 order of vestry pretended to bee made by the Parish" of both parishes 
 anno 1574, and entered in the Registry of St. "Warburgh. The copy 
 whereof in futuram rei memoriam I have here inserted. 
 
 "THE COPT or THE OEDEB or VESTRY. 
 
 "The Parish of this parish assembled the 22 of August 1574, 
 anno regni reginae Elizabeths 16, for the finall end and determina- 
 tion of a controversy betwixt this church and St. Andrew's (which 
 controversy was to know how far this parish did go without the gate), 
 which was adjudged by the Parish of St. Andrews as well as by 
 the parish of this parish to reach no further than the water course 
 that runs through the Castle yard, and so doth divide the-aforesaid 
 parishes. From this day it is ordered that the inhabitants without 
 the Gate do resort to divine service to this church so many of them 
 as are of this parish. Tho. Ellis, curate ; John Dympsye, James 
 Notarye, Richard Standhurst, Ralph Myles, Will m Staynes, Geo. 
 Rayney, Pat. Archbold, Tho. Smith, Clement Franck, James Stany- 
 hurst, Rich. Edwards, Rich. Cox, James Ryan, Will. Barnwall, Edw. 
 Thomas, Patr. Mills, James Welch. 
 
 " The right of St. Andrew's parish to the south side of the way 
 and the houses there without Dammes Gate, viz., to that side of the 
 way wherein Swan-alley lyeth doth depend upon these following 
 proofs : 
 
 "1. Upon grants made by Letters Patent unto Gerald Earle of 
 Kildare, and unto Sir Patrick Fox, which doe recite the ground in 
 Swan Ally a to be in the parish of St. Andrews and do meare and 
 bound it accordingly ; for the proof of this see the grant made 8th 
 Jacobi unto the Earle of Kildare, which was thus: Hiered Giraldi 
 Comitis Kildariae unum messizagium cum gardin & pertinent jacent 
 infra Parochiam St Andrea? infra franchess Civit Dublin, juxta Le 
 Dames Gate extra niurum civit predict, parcel possess monastery B. 
 Mariae abuttant versus Oriental super Le Mill Pond ; versus Occiden- 
 tal super le civit ditch; versus Austral super molendin et terrain Steph 
 Segar ; et versus septentrional super regiam viam. 
 
 " Gerald Earl of Kildare made a lease of the premisses reciting the 
 bounds of the Parish, &c., according to his grant from the Crowne. 
 The lease is in the custody of Laurence Hartly, shoemaker, who 
 married the widdow of Nath. Cartwright, an hatter, that built one 
 side of the houses in Swan Ally about the year 1658. 
 
 " Sir Pat Fox, his grant of the premisses from the Crowne by 
 
 a See vol. ii., page 11.
 
 APPENDIX II. 357 
 
 letters patent, dated nono Jacobi, contains the same words verbatim 
 as they are in the grant of the Earl of Kildare. His heire set a lease 
 of the ground without Dames gate unto Cartwright, from whom they 
 now hold the same. 
 
 "2. Upon the testimony (given upon a tryall at the Common 
 Pleas, anno 1677) of Eich. Swan, whose father built the houses on 
 the Mill pond, and after whom the place was named Swan Ally, who 
 did declare upon oath before the Court and the Jury, that about 40 
 years agoe, the inhabitants in the houses built by his father in Swan 
 Ally were assessed and did pay their assessments towards the build- 
 ing of St Andrew's Church, the Parish" of St. Andrews being at 
 that time, viz., about the yeare 1636 or 1637 about rebuilding their 
 Parish Church. 
 
 " 3. Upon a tryall and verdict in the Common Pleas in Mich. 
 Terme 28, Carol! secundi, and a judgment after obtained in Hillary 
 following, anno 1677, against Jonath. Northeast and Geo. Sou than, 
 churchward of St. Warborows, who distrained upon the corner house 
 in Swan Ally next to Dammes gate upon the goods of John Gould- 
 ing, pit., and the goods were replevind by Dr. Dopping, who went 
 to an amicable tryall with the Churchwardens of St. Warburgh and 
 took the defence of the title upon him; and accordingly the said 
 Goulding obtained judgment against them, because the house was in 
 Parochia Sti Andrea^ and not in Parochia Stae Werburgse. And after 
 this, Dr. Dopping received his money from the said Inhabitants, with- 
 out interruption, in the year 1677, Will Vizer being then church- 
 warden. As to the north side of the way, that leads down to tho 
 Councell Chamber and Essex-street ; the right of St. Andrews to that 
 depends upon these proofes against the Parish of St. Warburgh. 
 
 " 1. Upon the Judgment and verdict obtained in the Common 
 Pleas for the south side of the way, from whence it may be inferred 
 that this part belongs unto St. Andrews, as well as the other, since 
 they are defective in their proofs, for that, which was formerly con- 
 troverted. 
 
 " 2. From Archbishop Allen's Pvegistry (now in the custody of 
 the Archbishop of Dublin, and his successors), called Repertorium 
 Viride made anno 1532, or thereabout, which lays out the bounds of 
 St. Mary Le Dame in these words : Parochiani hujus Ecclesiao stint 
 inhabitantes Castelli cum paucis aliis. 
 
 "3. From the testimony of several witnesses, who can prove 
 that the inhabitants of the North side did, about 50 years ago, pay 
 their assessment towards the rebuilding of St. Andrew's Church,
 
 358 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 when the Parish" were about that work in the Earl of Straftbrd's go- 
 vernment, this proved by Mr. Graham, whose father about that time 
 lived in the three Crane Taverne, and Rich. Weaver, who remem- 
 bers his master that dwelt on this side the next the Horse guard be- 
 tween y* and Dammes' Gate paying his assessment to St. Andrews. 
 2. Tho. Woodward, Rob. Ware, and Mr. Scott, whose father received 
 the money from them ; looke also for the Widow White who remem- 
 bers something of it ; R cd . Moyer knows where she now dwells. 
 
 " 4. From the great reason for uniting that part to St. Andrews, 
 and the great inconveniences that would follow if it did^nbt belong 
 to it. As 1 , that there is no parish in all the city that hath one part 
 within and the other without the gates, and to suppose this to be so, 
 would be a thing without president or example. 2. That it lyes 
 much more conveniently for an union to St. Andrews than St. War- 
 burgh, being all without the gates. 3. That the parishioners without 
 the gates could not have the benefit of sacraments and sacramentalls, 
 or the visitacion of their sick in the night time if it should be united 
 to St. Warburgh. The Minister of that parish being resident within 
 the gates. 
 
 " 5. From enervating the pretences of St. Warburgh. Their great 
 confidence is founded upon the record aforemencioned, that affirms 
 the Dammes mills to be in parochia de le Dames, and upon the order 
 of vestry made by themselves, wherein it is pretended that the water- 
 course is the bound between the two parishes. 
 
 " As for the record, it is of little or no avail in this particular, be- 
 cause the naming of any place as in such a parish doth not make it 
 to be of that parish, and in case it did, it is contradicted by other 
 records which mention some of the ground without the gate, abutting 
 on the town wall, to be in parochia Sti. Andreas. 
 
 " And as for the pretended order of vestry that makes the water- 
 course to be the boundary, there are material exceptions against it as 
 being an order made in their own cause, without any minister of St. 
 Andrew's signing it, and for aught any man knows, none of the in- 
 habitants of St. Andrew's being present at it. 
 
 " But, supposing it to be true that the water-course was the 
 boundary, the query still remains, whether the water-course be not 
 altered, and the current directed another way, since it appears out of 
 the Chronicles and History of Ireland, 1. That the sea did anciently 
 flow up as far as Ship-street, where it met with the stream that came 
 down under Powle-gate Bridge. 2. That boates have passed about 
 the city walls as far as Newgate. 3. That it is not very long ago
 
 APPENDIX II. 359 
 
 since the ground (where now the CounceU Chamber and Essex-street 
 stand) was a perfect strand", and recovered from the sea by Jacob 
 Newman, from whom the Earl of Strafford after bought it for the 
 King's use. See the records in the Auditor's Office. 4. That the 
 water-course did anciently run close to the town and Castle walls, 
 and from thence it passed under Dammes' Bridge, and so emptied 
 itself into the Liifee. 5. I do find further by perusal of ancient his- 
 tory, that, before the city walls were built, and for some time after, 
 the water ran round the City of Dublin, and it had large trenches 
 about twenty yards broad. 6. The plot of ground on which the 
 Dammes mills now stands was anciently called Insula de le dames, 
 which supposeth a double water-course encompassing it. Enquire 
 about this last thing of Morris, the sadler. 7. If inspection be made 
 into the vestry book of St. Warburgh, it will be found that they have 
 concluded themselves, since that pretended order, of all manner of 
 right to the part now in controversy by their own electing of persons 
 out of the controverted part as officers of St. Andrews, some Church- 
 wardens, some for sidesmen, and some for overseers of the poor, viz., 
 Capt. Payne, Liftent. Shiver, Rob. Condil, Steph. Palmer. 8. The 
 inhabitants of the controverted part have always been assessed with 
 the inhabitants of St. Andrews, and not with the inhabitants of St. 
 Warbugh until the Lord Chief Baron Bysse of late thought fit to alter 
 it. Anno 1191, Le Dames bridge was built. Q[ua3re] Alderman Jo 
 Desmynier, and one Roe, a shoemaker, about the passage of the 
 water-course into the river Liffie. 
 
 " This narrative of things was entered into the Registry of St. 
 Andrews, March 6, 1678, per me, 
 
 " ANTH. DAHENS. 
 
 "One thing more must be remembered in reference to the pre- 
 ceding state of the controversy between the two parishes, that in case 
 it could be made out that the parish of St. "Warburgh hath a right 
 to the part in controversy : yet sure it is certain that they only pre- 
 tend to it as being part of the parish of St. Mary le Dames there ought 
 to be an union of it to the parish of St. "VVarburgh, and since that 
 union is no where to be found, since I have searched all the records 
 that I could about it, and could never meet with the union, and the Pa- 
 rishioners themselves upon the tryal in the Common Pleas could not 
 nor did produce any such union : it will, therefore, follow that they 
 
 " See vol. ii , page 132.
 
 360 
 
 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 have no right to it until such an union be produced. This thing I 
 did not insist upon at the tryall because I reserved it to the last in 
 case all other proofs had failed me." 
 
 No. III. 
 
 SCHEDULE OF PART OF THE POSSESSIONS OF THE DISSOLVED 
 NUNNERY OF HOGGES, DUBLIN, A.DrlfiSO. 
 
 [From the State Paper Office, London. See page 5.] 
 
 " P'cell possession^ nup Domus Monialiu de le Hoggez juxta Dublin 
 dudum dissolut in Com. pdco. 
 
 " Com. Dublin. 
 
 
 Exit, scitus dee " 
 
 
 nup domus ac cuius- 
 
 
 XITiiU. 
 
 
 dmclaus pastur muro 
 
 
 circumdat unius gar- 
 
 
 fHni extra muros 
 
 . 
 
 p'dce nup domus et 
 
 
 xxviii acr. terr ara- 
 
 Scituscum" 
 terr dnicali- 
 bus dee nup 
 dom.9 nec- 
 non divers' 
 Mes teiita & 
 gardina ja- 
 cen. in Civi- 
 
 1 
 
 biliu de terr dnicali- 
 bus p'dce nup domus 
 p'dcum put p supius 
 inde p Comission. 
 Dm Regis Anno 
 xxxii nup Regis 
 Henri viii^.factpatet. . 
 Exit, divs Tentog" 
 
 tat. Dublin. 
 
 
 cum gardinis eisdm 
 
 & suburb, 
 eiusdfh cum 
 
 
 Tentis ptne jacent. 
 et exist infra Civita- 
 
 eo ptin. in 
 comitat 
 
 
 tem Dublin et su- 
 burb, eiusdm cum 
 
 
 
 ptin diet, nup domui 
 
 
 ptin put p eandm 
 
 
 supius inde exaimat 
 
 
 patet p Annu. 
 
 Ex. p me Ricm Brasier 
 Aud."
 
 APPENDIX IV. 361 
 
 No. IV. 
 
 ENGRAVINGS EXECUTED BY ANDREW MILLER, OF DUBLIN. 
 
 [See page 318.] 
 PORTRAITS. 
 
 1 . James Annesley , claimant of the Anglesey Peerage. Laurence, 
 pinxit, 
 
 2. Joseph Baudin, painter. 
 
 3. Lieutenant- General William Blakeney, Colonel of the Iniskil- 
 len Eegiment of Foot, and Lieutenant-Governor of Minorca. Hud- 
 son, pinxit. 
 
 4. Gustavus Viscount Boyne, whole-length. W. Hogarth, 
 pinxit. A rival plate to Michael Ford's engraving of the same noble- 
 man. 
 
 5. Philip, Earl of Chesterfield, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1746. 
 Hoare, pinxit. 
 
 6. Charles Cobbe, Archbishop of Dublin, 1745. F. Bindon, 
 pinxit. 
 
 7. Sir Edward Coke, Lord Chief Justice. 
 
 8. Oliver Cromwell and John Lambert, 1745. Dobson, pinxit. 
 
 9. The Duke of Cumberland, on horseback, at the Surrender of 
 Carlisle, 1746. Thomas Hudson, pinxit. 
 
 10. The Duke of Cumberland, whole-length. Murry, pinxit. 
 
 11. His Royal Highness Prince Edward, 1752. Rich. Wilson, 
 pinxit. 
 
 12. Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 13. Garrick, as Richard III. W. Hogarth, pinxit. 
 
 14. Georgius Secundus, D. G. Mag. Brit. Fran, et Hib. Rex. 
 
 15. Gulielmus Tertius, D. G. Anglise, Scotise, Francise, etHiber- 
 nia) Rex. Kneller, pinxit. 
 
 16. John Hampden. 
 
 17. John Harper, in the character of " Jobson," 1739. G. White, 
 pinxit. 
 
 18. Admiral Sir Edward Hawke, Knight of the Bath. 
 
 19. Josiah Hort, Archbishop of Tuam, 1752. Wills, pinxit. 
 
 20. Robert Jocelyn Baron Newport, 1747. Stevens, pinxit. 
 
 21. William King, Archbishop of Dublin. 
 
 22. John Lawson, Librarian, Trinity College, Dublin.
 
 362 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 23. LeBeck, Tavern-keeper, 1739. Kneller, pinxit. 
 
 24. Charles Lucas, M. D., whole-length. 
 
 25. John Duke of Marlborough. 
 
 26. Joannes Milton, aetatis 21. 
 
 27. Henry Maule, late Archbishop of Tuam, 1752. A. Lee, 
 pinxit. 
 
 28. Joseph Miller, actor, in the character of " Teague," 1739. 
 
 29. Cornelius Nary, D.D. 
 
 30. Sir Isaac Newton. 
 
 31. General Gervase Parker, 1745. A. Lee, pinxit. 
 
 32. Hercules Longford Eowley, M. P., whole-length. Bindon, 
 pinxit. 
 
 33. Sir John Suiter, Alderman of London, 1740. Richardson, 
 pinxit. 
 
 34. Frederic Duke of Schonberg. 
 
 35. John Sow don, in the character of " Caled" in the " Siege of 
 Damascus," 1754. John Lewis, pinxit. 
 
 36. Eaton Stannard, Recorder of Dublin, 1755. J. Latham, 
 pinxit. 
 
 37. James Francis Edward Stuart, 1737. B. Lutterel, pinxit. 
 
 38. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's, whole length. F. 
 Bindon, pinxit. 
 
 39. Archbishop Tillotson. Kneller, pinxit. 
 
 40. Charles Tottenham, M. P., 1749, whole-length. Stevens, 
 pinxit. 
 
 41. Turbutt as " Sosia" in " Amphitryon," 1740. Bliss, pinxit. 
 
 42. Archbishop Ussher. Lely, pinxit. 
 
 43. Mrs. Margaret "Woffington, 1745. Eccard, pinxit. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS ENGRAVED BY AJJDBJIW MILLEH. 
 
 1. " Date obolum Belisario." Vandyke, pinxit. 
 
 2. The Battle of Dettingen. 
 
 3. Shakespeare's Monument in "Westminster Abbey.
 
 APPENDIX V. 
 
 No. V. 
 
 303 
 
 " A CATALOGUE OF THE PICTURES, SCULPTURES, MODELS, DESIGNS 
 IN ARCHITECTURE, DRAWINGS, ETC., EXHIBITED BY THE 
 SOCIETY OF ARTISTS IN IRELAND, ETC., AT THEIR ROOM IN 
 GEORQE'S-LANE, DUBLIN, FEBRUARY THE TWELFTH, 1765, 
 BEING THE FIRST YEAR OF THEIR EXHIBITION. 
 
 ' Each pleasing art gives softness to the mind, 
 And by our studies are our lives refined.' 
 
 1765. 
 
 [See pages 195 and 344.] 
 PICTURES. 
 
 Mr. Butts, College-green : 1 . Landscape, morning. 2. Ditto, 
 evening. 3. A sun-rise. 4. A landscape. 
 
 Mr. Bertrand, Arran-quay : 5. A portrait of a lady and her 
 child, in the character of a Madonna, in crayons. 6. A portrait of a 
 lady, in oil. 7. Ditto, of a gentleman, ditto. 
 
 Mr. Carver", Lazar's-hill : 8. A landscape and figures. 9. 
 Ditto. 10. Ditto. 
 
 Mr. Ennis", Shaw's Court: 11. The death of Croesus. 12. A 
 small whole-length portrait. 
 
 Mr. Forrester, now in Rome : 13. A land storm. 14. The Com- 
 panion, a calm. 15. A landscape and figures. 
 
 Mr. Fisher, Great Ship-street : 16. A view of Tinneyhinch, in 
 the county of Wicklow. 17. Ditto, of Powerscourt Waterfall, taken 
 from the Octagon Room in the Park. 18. A distant view of ditto, 
 from the Long Hill. 19. A View of Belvedere, near Mullingar. 
 
 Mr. Hunter, Bolton-street : 20. Susanna and the Elders. 21. 
 Portrait of a gentleman. 22. Ditto. 23. Ditto of a lady. 24. A 
 boy's head. 25. A girl's head. 26. A portrait of Miss Hunter, aged 
 thirteen years, painted by herself, being her first attempt in co- 
 lours. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton 6 , Parliament-street : 27. A case of miniatures. 
 
 Mr. Jervace, Martin' s-lane : 28. A flower-piece in stained 
 
 Mr. Mullins d , Temple-bar : 29. A landscape and figures. 30. 
 Ditto. 31. Ditto. 
 
 Sec page 348. '' See vol. ii., page 295- 
 
 < See vol. ii., page 308. d See vol. ii., page 317.
 
 364 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Mr. Murphy, George's-lane : 32. Music, a whole-length portrait 
 33. Cleopatra. 
 
 Mr. Mannin a , Shaw's Court: 34. A landscape and figures. 35. 
 A composition of ornament, landscape and flowers. 36. The com- 
 panion. 37. A basket of flowers. 38. The companion. 
 
 Mr. Reily b , Grafton-street : 39. A family picture in miniature, 
 whole-length figures. 40. A composition of two figures, portraits, 
 half-length. 
 
 Mr. Eobinson, Abbey-street: 41. A boy's head in crayons. 42. 
 A girl's head, ditto. 
 
 Mr. Sisson, William-street : 43. Portrait of a lady in oil. 44. 
 Portrait of a gentleman, ditto. 45. Ditto. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Pope Stevens, Parliament- street : 46. A landscape. 
 47. Ditto. 48. Ditto. 49. Portrait of a Black's head. 50. Portrait 
 of a gentleman. 51. Ditto of a lady. 
 
 Mr. Peter Shee, Smock-alley : 52. Faith, Hope, and Charity. 
 53. A dead Christ. 
 
 Mr. "Watson, College-green : 54. Poatus and Arria. 55. Por- 
 trait of a lady, in oil. 56. Ditto of a gentleman, in crayons. 
 
 SCULPTURES AND MODELS. 
 
 Mr. Cunningham 3 , Marlborough- street : 57. A statue of theFar- 
 nesian Hercules. 58. A bust of the Rev. Dean Delany, in marble. 
 59. A model of a monument to the memory of the late Dr. Swift. 
 
 Mr. Cranfield, Church-lane : 60. An emblematical group of 
 Hibernia r &c., carved in wood, done for the Directors of the Hiber- 
 nian Silk Warehouse. 61. Elijah taken up to heaven, a sbozzo 
 basso relievo, in wood. 
 
 Mr. Kelly, Eustace- street: 62. An allegorical basso relievo, in 
 wood, representing Hibernia presenting the heart of the people to the 
 King, attended by Industry, &c. 63. A basso relievo in wood, repre- 
 senting the elements of fire. 
 
 Mr. Vierpyl, Henry-street : 64. Meleager. 65. A busto por- 
 trait. 
 
 DESIGNS IN AJtCHITECTITEE. 
 
 Mr. Grace, Fleet-street: 66. Apian and elevation of a house and 
 part of the offices for a nobleman. 
 
 See vol. ii. , page 291. * Ante, page 2 1 7. 
 
 c Ante, page 343. d See vol. ii. , page 293.
 
 APPENDIX VI. 365 
 
 Mr. Mack, James'-street : 67. A design for His Majesty's Courts 
 of Justice, &c., and their offices. 
 
 DRAWINGS. 
 
 Mr. Bertrand: 68. A sketch of the Three Graces, chained by 
 Cupid. 69. Ditto, a land storm. 70. Ditto, an old man's head. 
 71. A boy's head, in red chalk. 72. More drawings. 
 
 Mr. Fisher: 73. A view of part of the Dargle. 74. The com- 
 panion, in Indian ink. 
 
 Mr. Forrester: 75. Two Academy figures, in red chalk. 76. 
 Two heads, in ditto. 77. Two landscapes. 
 
 Mr. Mullins : 78. A view of Leixlip. 
 
 Mr. Mannin: 79. A design for a staircase. 
 
 PAINTINGS, ETC. 
 
 Mr. Beranger, Stephen' s-green : 80. A sea piece. 81. A fresh 
 gale. 82. The companion. 83. A fog. *84. A storm. 85. A 
 squadron going to anchor. 86. An engagement. 
 
 Mr. "Wilder, Crow-street : 87. A conversation. 
 
 Mr. "Wingfield, Skinner-row : 88. Transparent and opaque 
 enamels." 
 
 No. VI. 
 
 A CATALOGUE OF THE PICTURES, SCULPTURES, MODELS, DESIGNS 
 IN ARCHITECTURE, DRAWINGS, ETC., EXHIBITED BY THE SO- 
 CIETY OF ARTISTS IN IRELAND, AT THEIR EXHIBITION-ROOM 
 IN WILLIAM-STREET, DUBLIN, MAY 8, 1780- 
 
 [See page 348.] 
 PICTURES, ETC. 
 
 Those marked thus * were to be disposed of. 
 
 Mr. Ashford, No. 27, College-green : 1. A view of part of the 
 domain of Carton. 2. Ditto. 3. A view of the ruins of Maynooth 
 4. Ditto in Powerscourt Park. 5. Ditto of part of Sugar-loaf Hill.
 
 366 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 6. Ditto of the Scalp. 7. Ditto of Killarney, from Aghadoc. 8. 
 Ditto of Innisfallen Island. 9. Ditto in the Passage to the Upper 
 Lake. 10. Ditto of Mucross Abbey. 11. A composition. 12. Ditto. 
 13. A scene from Whyte's Shamrock, page 419. 14. A view in 
 Wales. 
 
 Mr. Adams, pupil to Mr. Smyth, Sculptor, Mabbot-street : 15. 
 Minerva conducting Genius to the Temple of Fame ; a Basso-relievo 
 Model. 
 
 Mr. Brooke, Drawing Master, 'No. 12, Clarendon- street : 16. 
 Abraham's servant binding the bracelet on Rebecca's arm at the 
 well, Genesis xxiv. 22. 17. An Angel appearing to Manoah and 
 his wife, Judges, xiii. 20. 18. The woman of Canaan, Matthew 
 xv. 21. 19. The return of Tobias, Tobit xi 12. 20. Isaac bless- 
 ing Jacob, Genesis xxvii. 27. 21. A Landscape. 
 
 Mr. Richard Bull, at Mr. Watson's, No. 17, Castle-street : 22. 
 Miniatures in colours and hair. 
 
 Mr. John James Barralet, Fellow of the Incorporated Society of 
 Artists, London, No.' 2, George's Court, Great George's-street : 
 Drawings 23. King William giving orders to Sir Albert Conyng- 
 ham, at the head of the EnniskiHeners. 24. The inside view of 
 Cashel Cathedral. 25. Ditto of Holy Cross Abbey. 26. South- 
 east view of the Rock of CasheL 
 
 Mr. James George Brien, No. 30, Bride-street : Drawings 27. 
 S. W. view of St. Canice Cathedral, Kilkenny. 28. Ditto of Gow- 
 ran Abbey, ditto. 29. Ditto of Grennell Castle, near Thomastown, 
 ditto. 30. Yiewof Graignermanaugh. 31. Tinnyhinch Hill, County 
 Carlow. 32. Yiew of Dundrum, near Miltown. 33. Ditto from 
 the Glen. 34. Ditto of Tinnyhinch Bridge, near Powerscourt. 
 
 Mr. Collopy, No. 112, Grafton-street : 35. Portrait of a gentle- 
 man, with a view in America. 36. Ditto of an American lady sa- 
 crificing to Peace. 37. Ditto of a lady and child. 38. Ditto of 
 a lady. 
 
 Mr. John Smith Cranfield, London : 39.* Bacchus discovering 
 Ariadne, after the departure of Theseus ; a basso-relievo in marble. 
 
 Mr. Doughty, No. 72, Grafton-street : 40. Portrait of a noble- 
 man. 41. Of a bishop. 42. Ditto, ditto. 43. Ditto of a gentle- 
 man. 44. Ditto, ditto. 45. Ditto, ditto. 46. Ditto, ditto. 47. Ditto 
 of a lady. 48. Ditto, ditto. 49. Ditto of a child with a dog. 50. 
 Ditto of a gentleman. 51. Ditto of a lady. 52. Ditto of a gentle- 
 man. 
 
 Mr. Fisher, Great Ship-street : 53. A landscape and figures,
 
 APPENDIX VI. Sgf 
 
 Morning. 54. Ditto, Evening. 55. N. W. view of the Lake of 
 Killarney. 
 
 Mr. Foster, No. 36, Stafford-street : Drawings in chalk 56.* 
 A landscape and figures, Morning. 57.* Ditto, Evening, 58. A 
 landscape and figures. 59. Ditto. 60. Ditto. 61. Ditto. 62. 
 Ditto. 63. Portraits of two ladies. 
 
 Miss Forster, No. 36, Stafford-street : 64. Miniatures. 
 
 Mr. Henry Graham, at Mr. Fisher's, Great Ship-street : 65. A 
 view of Clanskeagh, near Miltown, Morning. 66. A view in the 
 valley of Glandalough. 
 
 Mr. Hamilton, College-green : 67. A drawing in crayons, whole- 
 length. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Hickey, Bath : 68. Portrait of a gentleman, whole- 
 length. 69. Ditto, ditto, Kit Cat. 
 
 Mr. Hone, No. 107, Capel-street : 70. Portraits of two ladies, 
 whole-lengths, painted in England, 1778. 71. Portrait of a noble- 
 man, painted at Eome, 1775, Kit Cat. 72. Half-length portrait of a 
 lady. 73. Ditto of a gentleman. 74. Three-quarters portrait of a 
 nobleman. 75. Ditto. 76. Ditto. 77. Ditto. 78. Ditto of a young 
 gentleman. 79. Head of a lady. 80. Ditto, of a lady with a dog. 
 81. Ditto of a nobleman. 82. Ditto. 83. Head of a bishop. 84. 
 Ditto of a gentleman. 85. Ditto. 86. Ditto. 87. Ditto. 88. 
 Ditto. 89. A Circe. 90. An allegorical picture of Painting, painted 
 in England, 1778. 
 
 Mr. Hand, Lazar's Hill : *91. Two fruit pieces from nature. 
 92. A fruit piece in glass, from nature. 93. A dog, from nature. 
 
 Mr. Hincks, No. 1 1 7, Capel-street : 94. The death of Virginia, 
 from Goldsmith's Eoman History, YoL I. 95. Portrait of a lady. 
 96. Ditto, her daughter. 97. A case of miniatures. 
 
 Mr. George Laurence, No. 34, Grafton-street : Crayons 98. 
 Portrait of a gentleman. 99. Ditto. 100. Ditto. 101. Ditto of a 
 boy. 102. Ditto of a lady. 103. Ditto. 
 
 Mr. Lewis, Essex-street: 104. A large fruit picture, with a 
 macaw. 105.* Five fruit pieces. 106.* A flower piece. 107.* 
 Dead birds. 
 
 Robert Pool, No. 7, Clarendon-street, and John Cash, No. 21, 
 Skinner-row : 108. An engraved title to a work published by them, 
 with a vignette vidio of the statue of King "William III in College- 
 green. 109. A plan of Dublin, drawn in 1780. 110. A view of 
 part of the north side of Dublin Castle. 111. The garden front of 
 ditto. 112. The Parliament House. 113. Section of the House of
 
 368 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Commons. 114. The west front of Trinity CoUege. 115. The east 
 side of the principal square in ditto, not yet erected. 116. The 
 front of the theatre in ditto, now erecting. 117. View of the Pro- 
 vost's House. 118. North front of the Eoyal Exchange. 119. Sec- 
 tion of ditto, from east to west. 120. Essex and the Queen's Bridges. 
 121. New jail. 122. East front of the Blue Coat Hospital. 123. 
 Lying-in Hospital. 124. Marine School 125. Christ. Church Ca- 
 thedral. 126. St. Patrick's ditto. 127. St. Werburgh's Church. 
 128. St. Thomas's ditto. 129. St. Catherine's ditto. 130. Earl of 
 Kildare's Monument in Christ Church. 131. Thomas Prior's ditto, 
 ditto. 132. Lord Bowes's ditto, ditto. 133. Archbishop Smith's 
 ditto, St. Patrick's Church. 134. The west front of Leinster House. 
 135. Powerscourt, ditto. 136. Charlemont, ditto. 137. Tyrone, 
 ditto. 
 
 Mr. Henry Pelham, No. 48, College-green. 138. A frame with 
 seven portraits in miniature. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Pope Steevens, No. 39, Bolton-street. 139. An oval 
 basso-relievo. 140.* A deception. 141.* Ditto. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Pope, Jun., No. 29, Bolton-street. 142. Small 
 portraits in crayons. 
 
 Mr. Sadler, No. 13, Great Ship-street: In oil 143. Portrait of 
 a lady. 144. Ditto. In crayons 145. Ditto. 146. Ditto. 147. 
 Ditto. 148. Ditto of a gentleman. 
 
 Mr. Trotter, No. 5, Jervis-street : Half-lengths 149. Portrait 
 of a gentleman. 150. Ditto, ditto. 151. Ditto of a nobleman. 
 152. Ditto, of a lady. 153. Ditto. 154. Ditto. Ovals 155. Por- 
 trait of a nobleman. 156. Ditto of a gentleman. 157. Ditto of a 
 lady. 158. Portrait of a gentleman, whole-length, Kit Cat. 159. 
 An historical picture of Cymon and Iphigene. 
 
 Mr. West, Exchequer- street : 160. Christ praying in the Garden. 
 161. The Annunciation. 
 
 Mr. "Wade, Exchange-street : 162. Portraits in miniature. 
 
 Mr. Wheatiey, College-green : 163. A view of College-green, 
 with a meeting of the Volunteers, on the 4th of November, 1779, 
 to commemorate the birth-day of King William*. 164. Portrait of a 
 nobleman, small whole-length. 165. Ditto of a gentleman, with a 
 horse. 166. A view from Clontarf. 167. Ditto from Dunleary. 
 
 Mr. Wogan, No. 35, Great George's-street. 168. Six portraits 
 in miniature. 169. One ditto in hair. 
 
 . See page 47.
 
 APPENDIX VI. 3(J9 
 
 Mr. Sol. Williams, Castle-street: 170. Impressions from seals. 
 
 The following sent too late for regular insertion in the Cata- 
 logue : 
 
 Mr. Samuel Byron, Land Surveyor, Eustace-street : 1 71 . A bird's- 
 eye perspective plan of Trinity College park and gardens. 1 72. His 
 Majesty's park, the Phoenix. 173. Belan, the seat of the Earl of 
 Aldborough. 1 74. The seat of Robert Clements, Esq., in the Phoenix 
 Park. 175. Forthfield, the seat of Barry Yelverton, Esq. 
 
 Mr. Forrest, Chatham-street: 176.* Four drawings in chalks. 
 177.* A small picture in water colours. 178.* Two miniatures. 
 
 HONORARY EXHIBITORS. 
 
 179. Miss Cranfield: A landscape, copy from Butts. 180. A 
 wash drawing view of Conway Castle, copy. 181. A chalk drawing. 
 182. An Indian ink drawing. 183. Ditto, ditto. 
 
 Miss Hawkins, pupil of Mr. Ballard, No. 34, Marys-abbey : 
 184. Portrait of a young lady, in oil. 185. Landscape and figures, 
 copy. 186. Stained drawing. 
 
 A young lady, pupil of Mr. Ballard : 187. Portrait of a lady, in 
 crayons, copy. 188. Erigone, in chalks, copy. 
 
 Miss Steel, pupil of Mr. Ballard : 189. Lucretia, in chalks, copy. 
 190. Portrait of a gentleman, in miniature (first attempt). 191. 
 Portrait of a gentlemen, in crayons, copy by a young lady. 
 
 Miss Fleming : 192. A landscape, with figures, stained. 
 
 Master Henry Chaigneau, paintings : 193. Cattle, after Cuyp. 
 194. Two landscapes, after Vangoyne. 195. Vandyke, copy. 
 
 Drawings : 196. Front of the College Printing House. 197. 
 Gothic front for a Church. 198. Chapel of King's College, Cam- 
 bridge, unfinished. 
 
 Mr. Smart, No. 11, Denmark-street: 199.* A landscape and 
 figures, in crayons, after Both. 200.* Ditto, after Schutz. 201.* 
 Ditto, after Edema. 
 
 Miss M'Mahon, ~No. 5, Stephen- street : 202. Portrait of Mr. 
 Garrick, in black and white chalk, copy. 
 
 A young lady, pupil to Miss M'Mahon : 203. A family piece, 
 copy. 204. Portrait of Doctor Johnson, ditto. 
 
 Master John Edmond Halpin, Temple-bar, pupil to Mr. West ami 
 Mr. Barralet : 205.* The traveller and satyr, fromCroxal's JKsoj,, in 
 crayons, after West. 206. A landscape, in Indian ink, after Jl:irr:il.-t. 
 207.* An English ale-house, after ditto. 
 
 VOL. III. 2 B
 
 370 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN'. 
 
 Mr. Sisson Putland Darling, Mercantile Academy, No. 36, Mab- 
 bot-street : 208. Two planispheres on a new construction, on which 
 may he performed all the interesting problems of the celestial and 
 terrestial globes, by only moving a button on the back of each. 
 
 A gentleman: 209. Marquis of Lothian, copy. 210. Dead game, 
 copy. 211. A Madonna, copy. 212. Cleopatra, copy. 
 
 Graham Stewart, Green-street: 213. Conversion of St. Paul, in 
 Indian ink, copy from Rubens. 
 
 A young lady, pupil to Mr. Forster : 214. View of the Provost's 
 scat at Palmerston, taken from nature. 
 
 No. VIL 
 
 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS IN THE PARLIAMENT 
 OF IRELAND. 
 
 [From 1661 to the Union, with the dates of their elections.] 
 
 Sir Audley Mervyn, May 8, 1661. 
 
 John Temple, Esq., pro tempore, Sept 6, 1661. 
 
 Sir Richard Levinge, Oct 5, 1692. 
 
 Robert Rochfort, Esq., August 27, 1695. 
 
 Alan Brodrick, Esq., Sept. 21, 1703. 
 
 Hon. John Forster, May 19, 1710. 
 
 Alan Brodrick, Esq., Nov. 25, 1713. 
 
 Right Hon. "William Conolly, Nov. 12, 1715. 
 
 Sir Ralph Gore, Oct. 13, 1729. 
 
 Hon. Henry Boyle, Oct. 4, 1733. 
 
 Right Hon. John Ponsonby, April 26, 1756. 
 
 Right Hon. Edmund Sexten Pery, .... March 7, 1771. 
 
 Right Hon. John Foster, Sept. 5, 1785.
 
 APPENDIX VIII. 
 
 No. VIII. 
 
 ANNUITIES GRANTED TO OFFICERS OF BOTH HOUSES OF THE 
 PARLIAMENT OF IRELAND, AT THE UNION WITH GREAT BRI- 
 TAIN, A. D. 1800. 
 
 [Payable, without any deduction or abatement whatsoever, as compensation for the 
 respective losses of the several persons, by reason of the discontinuance of their 
 emoluments or offices as Officers or Attendants of the two Houses of Parliament. 
 See page 177, and "Journals of the House of Commons of the Kingdom of 
 Ireland," xix., Part i., 1800, page 276.] 
 
 HOUSE OF LOEBS. 
 
 John Earl of Clare, Lord Chancellor, Speaker, . . 3978 3 4 
 
 John Earl of Mayo, Chairman of the Committees, . 1443 6 
 Edmond Henry Lord Glentworth, Clerk of the 
 
 Crown in Chancery, 379 10 
 
 William Meeke, Esq., Clerk of the Parliaments, . 2705 16 
 
 Thomas Lindsay, Esq., Usher of the Black Rod, . . 964 9 9 
 
 Edward Westby, Esq., Master in Chancery, ... 104 4 2 
 
 Thomas Walker, Esq., 104 4 2 
 
 William Henn, Esq., 104 4 2 
 
 Stewart King, Esq., 104 4 2 
 
 John Gayer, Esq., Deputy Clerk of the Parliaments, 651 13 4 
 Thomas Bourchier, Esq., Deputy Clerk of the Crown 
 
 in Chancery, 101 2 1 
 
 John Gregg, Esq., Clerk Assistant, . . . . I . 780 12 4 
 
 Joseph Griffith, Esq., Beading Clerk, ..... 293 3 1 
 
 Henry Minchin, Esq., Sergeant- at- Arms, .... 314 2 2 
 Richard Carpenter Smith, Junior, Esq., Committee 
 
 Clerk, 231 6 
 
 Edmund Fenner, Esq., Journal Clerk, 287 7 6 
 
 Bryan Connor, Esq., Yeoman Usher, 243 16 6 
 
 William Walker, Esq., Additional Clerk, .... 70 
 Theobald Richard O'Flaherty, Clerk in the Parlia- 
 ment Office, 74 10 8 
 
 Charles Joseph Joly, door-keeper at the great door, . 92 2 8 
 John Polding, door-keeper to the robe-room, . . . 
 
 Patrick Martin, door-keeper to the Clerk's Office, . 92 2 8 
 William Corbctt, door-keeper to the Speaker's 
 
 Chamber, 105 4
 
 372 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 William Graham, side-door keeper, 92 2 8 
 
 Paul Thompson, door-keeper at the new entrance, . 92 2 8 
 
 George Paine, additional door-keeper, 92 2 8 
 
 Patrick Long, Messenger, 91139 
 
 James Cavendish, Messenger, 91139 
 
 Michael Quinan, Messenger, 91 13 9 
 
 John Tobin, Messenger, . 91 13 9 
 
 Mrs. Albinia Taylor, keeper of the Parliament House, 87718 9 
 
 Mary Forster, housekeeper, 472 18 11 
 
 Mary Anne Forster, housemaid, 20 9 6 
 
 Sir Chichester Fortescue, Ulster King-at Arms, . . 290 19 5 
 
 Philip O'Brien, gate-keeper, 42 6 8 
 
 Richard Taylor, keeper of the Speaker's Chamber, . 50 
 Heniy Welbore Yiscount Clifden, Clerk of the 
 
 Council, 181 13 4 
 
 Henry Upton, Esq., Deputy Clerk of the Council, . 104 8 11 
 John Patrickson, Esq., Deputy Clerk of the Council, 
 
 Usher of the Council Chamber, and Solicitor for 
 
 Turnpike Bills, 421 9 5 
 
 Mr. William M c Kay, Assistant Clerk of the Council, 100 17 2 
 John Ebbs and Elizabeth Grant, door-keeper and 
 
 Council Office-keeper, 1482 
 
 John Dwyer, Esq., Secretary to the Lord Chancellor, 29 2 8 
 John Beresford, Esq., Purse-bearer to the Lord 
 
 Chancellor, 14 11 4 
 
 Andrew Bowen, water porter, 4110 
 
 HOUSE OF COMMONS. 
 
 Right Honorable John Foster, Speaker of the House 
 
 of Commons, 5038 8 4 
 
 Henry Alexander, Esq., Chairman of the Committees 
 
 of Supply and Ways and Means, ...... 500 
 
 Sir George Fitzgerald Hill, Bart., Clerk of the 
 
 House, 2265 13 9 
 
 Edward Cooke, Esq., Clerk of the House in re- 
 version, 500 
 
 John M'Clintock, Esq., and ^Serjeants at Arms, in- 
 
 William Foster M'Clintock, j cludin 8 l on 
 
 I Civil List, . . . 1200 
 
 Edward Trcsham, Clerk Assistant, 594 6 10
 
 APPENDIX VIII. 373 
 
 George Frederick Winstanley, Committee Clerk, . 250 
 
 Jonathan Eogers, do. ... 250 
 
 James Eafferty, Assistant do. ... 100 
 
 Dawson Ellis, Superannuated Engrossing Clerk, . . 140 
 
 Charles Henry Tandy, Engrossing Clerk, .... 398 7 
 
 Townley Eichardson, Assistant do 150 
 
 William Eafferty, Clerk in the Chief Clerk's Office, 
 
 Clerk of the Minutes, and Clerk of the Fees, . . 470 
 
 Henry Coddington, Deputy Sergeant-at-Arms, . . 350 
 
 James Corry, Clerk of the Journals and Eecords, . 660 
 
 John Smith, Assistant do. . . 230 
 
 Eoderick Connor, Attending Clerk, 60 
 
 Arthur Hume, Clerk of the Briefs, 100 
 
 John Judd, Assistant Clerk in the Chief Clerk's Office, 6368 
 
 John Leslie Foster, Esq., Speaker's Secretary, . . 10 5 
 
 George Dunlevy, Messenger, 6800 
 
 Eobert Burnside, Back-door Keeper, 48 
 
 Eobert Fleming do. 48 
 
 Joseph Dogherty, Messenger, 46 
 
 Denis Smith, do. 46 
 
 Jeremiah Bannen, do. 51 18 6 
 
 Fourteen Messengers, at 36 each, 504 
 
 William Browne, Distributor of Votes, .... 130 
 
 Hugh Higgins, Assistant do. 80 
 
 Sarah Connor, Housekeeper, 401 13 2 
 
 John Kennedy, Front Doorkeeper, 168 4 9^ 
 
 John Walsh, do. 168 4 9$ 
 
 Mary Connor, House Attendant, 4110 
 
 Thomas Seavers, Fire-lighter, 1176 
 
 Rodney Watham, do. 6 16 6 
 
 Edmund Henry Lord Glentworth, Clerk of the 
 
 Crown and Hanaper, 131 8 6$ 
 
 Thomas Bourchier, Deputy do 52 5 6 
 
 John Beresford, Esq., Purse-bearer to Lord Chan- 
 cellor, 33 18 9 
 
 Mrs. Albinia Taylor, Keeper of the Parliament House, 140 
 
 Total amount annually, 32.00614 1
 
 AUTHORITIES. 
 
 CitAPTEn I. J. Waraei de Hiberaia et antiquitatibus ejus Disquisition (1658), 
 348. Rot. Pat. et Claus. Cancellariae Hiberniae Calendarium (1828), 13. 149. 192. 
 
 Registrum Prioratus Omnium Sanctorum juxta Dublin (1846) Monasticon Hi- 
 
 bernicum, by M, Archdall (1786), 172. 793 Anglo-Norman Poem on the Con- 
 quest of Ireland, edited by F. Michel (1837), 110. 115. Report of Roger Kendrick, 
 City Surveyor (1753). J. Grace, Annales Hiberniae (1842), 107. Pern bridge 
 Annales Hiberniae. Holinshed's Chronicles of Ireland (1586). History of Waterford, 
 by C. Smith (1774). i. 21. History of Dublin, by W. Harris (1766). Desiderata 
 Curiosa Hibernica (1772), i. 157. Manuscripts in the State Paper Office, London. 
 Inquisitionum inOfficioRot. Cane. Hiberniae asservat Repertorium (1826). List 
 of Claims entered at Chichester House (1701), 333. Account of the Origin and 
 early History of the College of Physicians in Ireland, by Aquilla Smith, M.D. 
 Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, xix. 81. MSS. in the Archives of 
 the College of Physicians, Dublin. Life of James Ussher, by Richard Parr (1686), 
 
 380 Works of Sir James Ware (U.) 1746. Records of the Parish of St. Andrew, 
 
 MSS. Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow (1751), 270. Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, 
 
 edited by M. Archdall (1789) iii. 152 Dublin Weekly Journal (1726), 270. 
 
 Macariaj Excidium, edited by J. C. O'Callaghan (1850). Life of James Duke of 
 Ormonde, by T. Carte (1736). ii. 102. Memoirs of Ireland (1716), 115. Diary 
 of Samuel Pepys (1848), iii. 25 Life of James II. (1816), i. 412. Diary of John 
 Evelyn (1827), iv. 354 The Law Officers of Ireland, by C. Smith (1839), 36. 
 "Dublin Intelligence" (1690), 5. London Gazette (1690), 2610. (1701), 8721. 
 An Elegy on the much lamented death of the Right Hon. William Caulfeild, Lord 
 Viscount Charlemont, who departed this life on Thursday, the 21st of this inst. 
 July, 1726, at his house on College-green (Broadside) History of the Irish Brigades 
 in the service of France, by J. C. O'Callaghan (1854) Extinct, dormant, and 
 abeyant Peerages, by J. Burke (1850). Dissertations on the History of Ireland, by 
 C. O'Conor (1766)". Faulkner's Dublin Journal (1741), 1587. (1742), 1648. 
 1650. (1743), 1781. (1747), 2170. (1749), 2299. (1753), 2741. (1754), 2845. 
 (1757), 3166. (1760), 3447. (1768), 4305 The " Dublin Scuffle," by J. Dunton 
 (1699), 344. 358. Original Letters of B. Victor (1776), 154. 208. Boswell's 
 Life of Johnson (1844), vi. 152. Hibernian Magazine (1776), 288. (1779), 654, 
 (1780), 631. (1781), 616. (1782), 607. (1783), 560. (1791), 287. (1794), 59. 
 News Letter (1685), 61. Dublin Gazette (1706), 23. 261. (1714), 1047. (1737). 
 1094. (1758), 824. Historical Review of the State of Ireland, by F. Plowden(1803),
 
 376 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Speech of George Ponsonby hi the House of Commons of Ireland, on the 3rd of 
 March, 1790, upon the subject of Fiats (1790). Mr. Sheridan's Argument in the 
 case of Daly against Magee (1790). Trial of John Magee for printing and publish- 
 ing a slanderous and defamatory libel against Richard Daly, Esq. (1790) Browne's 
 Arguments in the Court of King's Bench, 1789, on the subject of admitting John 
 Magee to common bail (1790). An Address to the Whig Club, with an Essay on 
 
 the judicial discretion of judges on fiats and bail, by Leonard Mac Nally (1790) 
 
 Personal Sketches of his own Times, by Sir J. Barrington (1827). Personal Recol- 
 lections of the life and times of Valentine Lord Cloncurry (1849). The Parliamen- 
 tary Register ; or, History of the Proceedings and Debates of the House of Commons of 
 Ireland, iii. (1784), 33. x. (1791), 376. Life of Henry Grattan, by his Son (1846). 
 v. 72. 180. Illustrated London News, xxi. (1852), 406. Proceedings of the Dub- 
 lin Society (1765), 146. Freeman's Journal, ii. (1764). 57. (1765), 227. 403 ; v. 
 (1768), 202 ; ix. (1772), 273 ; xii. (1774), 191. Belmas, Journaux des sieges 
 faites ou soutenues par les Fran^ais dans la Peninsule, de 1807 a 1814 (1837), iii. 
 37-43-64-67. Life of Robert Emmet, by R. R, Madden (1846). Statutes passed 
 in the Parliaments held in Ireland, xii. (1786), 552 Liber Munerum Publicorum 
 Hiberniae, i. (part iii.), 114. Brief Review of the Irish Post Office from 1781 to 
 1831. Gentleman's Magazine (1783). (1787). Recollections of Skeffington Gibbon 
 (1829), 107 Tour in Ireland, by C. Bowden (1791). Swift's Works, edited by 
 Faulkner (1772), xvii. 134. Journals of the House of Lords of Ireknd (1780), ii. 
 340. Swift's Works, edited by Scott (1824), ii. 115. Life of Theobald Wolfe Tone 
 (1826), i. 203. Life of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, by T. Moore (1832), i. 208. The 
 United Irishmen, by R. R. Madden (1842), ii. 78. Irish Magazine, by W. Cox 
 (1807), 93. Archives of the Corporation of the City of Dublin. 
 
 CHAPTER II. Chancery Records, 21 Feb., viii. Jac. I Harris' History of 
 Dublin (1766). Peerage of Ireland, by J. Lodge and M. Archdall (1789). 
 Biographical History of England, by Rev. J. Granger (1824). Desiderata Curiosa 
 Hibernica (1772). Rot, Mem. xiii. Jac. I. Life of James Duke of Ormonde, by 
 T. Carte (1736). History of the Irish Rebellion, by E. Borlase (1742) Journals 
 of the House of Lords of Ireland (1779-1800). Journals of the House of Commons 
 of Ireland (1796-1802). History of England, by John Lingard, D.D. (1839), xi. 
 242. Liber Munerum Publicorum Hibernise, i. (part iL), 94. 106. London Ga- 
 zette (1692), 2809. An Account of the Sessions of Parliament in Ireland, 1692, 
 London (1693). Review of the Civil Wars in Ireland, by John Curry, M.D. (1786). 
 History of the Civil Wars of Ireland, by W. C. Taylor (1831) Christianity not 
 Mysterious, by J. Toland (1702). The Case of Ireland's being bound by Acts of 
 Parliament in England, stated by W. Molyneux (1698) Report of the Commis- 
 sioners appointed by Parliament to inquire into the Irish Forfeitures (1700). 
 Lettres Historiques (1700), 313. Mercure Historique et Politique (1700), 444 
 
 MSS. Orders, Court of King's Bench, signed J. Tisdal, Dep. C. C., 9 July, 1701 
 
 History of the principal Transactions of the Irish Parliament from 1634 to 1666, by 
 Lord Mountmorres (1792). Works of Edmund Burke (1826), vi. 375. A Narra- 
 tive of the proceedings of the Lords of Ireland in the years 1703 and 1719, in con- 
 sequence of the attempts made at those periods by the Lords of Great Britain to 
 enforce their authority in this kingdom (1782). Memoirs of James Caulfeild, Earl 
 of Charlemont, by Francis Hardy (1810). Fraud detected ; or, the Hibernian Patri t
 
 AUTHORITIES. 377 
 
 (1728). Dublin Intelligence (1728), 35916. The New Book of Constitutions of 
 the most ancient and honourable fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, by Edward 
 Spratt(1751), 120. The Toast (1747). Dublin Gazette (1733), 676. (1736), 903. 
 Pue's Occurrences, xxvi. 5-6. 35 ; xxx. (1733), 74. Anthologia Hibernica(1793). 
 Views of the City of Dublin, by T. Malton (1794). Letters of the Earl of Ches- 
 terfield, edited by Lord Mahon (1847) Philosophical Survey of the South of Ire- 
 land (1778). Remarks on Poynings' Law, and the manner of passing Bills in the 
 Parliament of Ireland (1758). Rules and Orders to be observed in the Upper House 
 
 of Parliament of Ireland (1790). Works of Swift, edited by Sir W. Scott (1824) 
 
 Gentleman's Magazine (1787). The Goose Pye (Broadside). Historical Review of 
 the State of Ireland, by F. Plowden (1803). Literary Relics, by G. M. Berkeley 
 (1789). Records of the Royal Dublin Society, MSS. Universal Advertiser (1754). 
 Faulkner'sDublinJournal(1748), 1888-1902. (1750), 2399. (1752), 267. (1754), 
 2848 The Political Constitutions of Great Britain and Ireland, by C. Lucas (1751). 
 A full Account of the present dispute in Ireland between the Prerogatives of the 
 Crown and the Rights of the people (1754). The Cabinet, containing a collection of 
 curious papers relative to the present political contests in Ireland (1754). Consi- 
 derations on the late Bill for payment of the remainder of the National Debt( 1754) 
 
 Some Observations relative to the late Bill for paying off the residue of the National Debt 
 of Ireland (1754) Remarks on a pamphlet, intitled " Considerations on the late Bill 
 
 for paying the National Debt" (1754) The Proceedings of the Honourable House 
 
 of Commons of Ireland, in rejecting the altered Money Bill on Dec. 17, 1753, vin- 
 dicated (1754). An answer to a pamphlet intitled "The Proceedings of the House 
 of Commons of Ireland, vindicated" (1754). The Case fairly stated ; or, an inquiry 
 how far the clause lately rejected by the Hon. House of Commons, would, if it had 
 passed, have affected the liberties of the people of Ireland (1754). Truth against 
 Craft; or, sophistry and falsehood detected, in answer to a pamphlet, intitled "The 
 Case fairly stated" (1754). A Defence of the Case fairly stated against a late pam- 
 phlet, intitled " Truth against Craft" (1754) Modern Observations on Antient 
 
 History, translated from the Italian (1755-6). Remarks on the first and second 
 chapter of a late work intitled "Modern Observations," &e. (1756) An Account of the 
 Life, Character, and Parliamentary Conduct of the Right Hon. Henry Boyle (1753). 
 Honesty the best policy ; or, the history of Roger (1752) A Vindication of the 
 Right Hon. and Hon. Lords and Gentlemen, who have been basely aspersed and 
 scandalously misrepresented in a late anonymous work intitled " The History of 
 Roger" (1752). A few words more of advice to the friends of Ireland, on the present 
 
 crisis (1755) An Address from Lilliput to the Parliament of Ireland (1753). 
 
 Sir Tague O'Ragan's Address to the Fellows of Trinity College on the late intended 
 alteration of the language of our acts. Printed at the sign of the Mitre, after spitting 
 its venom, scourged by the Spirit of Liberty into its native residence, Pandora's 
 Box (1753). The C[ourtie]rs' Apology to the free-holders of this kingdom for their 
 couduct this session of Parliament. Printed at the sign of Betty Ireland, delivered of 
 a tyrant in purple, a monster in black, and a bashaw in red (1754). A Letter from 
 a Prime Sergeant to a High Priest concerning the present posture of affairs, with 
 advice from a certain great Earl who had lately a private conference with a crowned 
 head. Illustrated with the life and history of Caiaphas, and a short recapitulation of 
 all the most remarkable occurrences which passed this winter at the great Club-room 
 near College Green, at the sign of the Goose and Gridiron. Printed in Scratchland. 
 VOL. III. 2 C
 
 378 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 by Thomas Roastum, printer to the King of Bantam, at the sign of the Fighting 
 Cocks, next door to Roger, the Irish gaff-maker (1754) A few words to all true 
 Patriots and Protestants; or, mock patriotism displayed (1755). An Essay on 
 Lying, inscribed to all true lovers of their country (1754). The Dublin Speculist : 
 containing the history of Caiaphas the High Priest, Pontius Pilate, and all his cruci- 
 fying host: with some arguments to limit the power of the Cradle Junto ; to which 
 are annexed the petition of Sir Arthur Vantrype, late compiler-general of mortal 
 edifices in the kingdom of Eutopia, to the right hon. and hon. the court party in 
 
 the Eutopian Parliament, and the address of Cradle-head to his beloved sec es 
 
 beyond the river, opening several curious and humorouu anecdotes of no small con- 
 sequence to Eutopia (1753). Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, xix. (1843). 
 Miscellaneous Works of the Right Hon. Henry Grattan (1822). Memoirs of the 
 reign of George II., by Horace Walpole (1846). Debates relative to the affairs of 
 Ireland in the years 1763 and 1764, taken by a Military Officer (1766). Bara- 
 tariana (1773). Tour hi Ireland, by Arthur Young (1780). The Commercial 
 Restraints of Ireland considered (1779). A complete collection of the Resolutions 
 of the Volunteers, Grand Juries, &c., of Ireland, by C. H. Wilson (1782). Hiber- 
 nian Magazine (1779), 655. (1787), 561. (1792). Memoirs of the Life and Times 
 of the Right Hon. Henry Grattan, by his Son (1839-1846). The Speeches of the 
 Right Hon. Henry Grattan, edited by his Son (1822). Rise and Fall of the Irish 
 Nation, by Sir Jonah Barrington (1833). Memoirs of the Right Hon. Henry Flood, 
 by Warden Flood (1838). History of the Proceedings and Debates of the Volunteer 
 Delegates of Ireland (1784). Curran and his Contemporaries, by Charles Phillips 
 (1850). The Parliamentary Register ; or, History of the Proceedings and Debates 
 of the House of Commons of Ireland, 17 vols. (1790-1801). Life of James Gaudon 
 (1846). Rev. John Wesley's Journals (1809), vi. 228 " The Press" (1798), 58. 
 Personal Sketches, by Sir J. Barrington (1827). Sleater's Dublin Chronicle (1787), 
 664. 701 The United Irishmen, by R. R. Madden (1858). Life of Theobald 
 Wolfe Tone (1826). Society of United Irishmen of Dublin (1794). Memoire or 
 Detailed Statement of the Origin and Progress of the Irish Union (1802) Corre- 
 spondence of Charles, first Marquis Cornwallis, edited by Charles Ross (1859). 
 Memoire of Richard Lovell Edgeworth (1820). Historic Memoirs of Ireland, by 
 Sir J. Barrington (1835). A Report of the important Debate in the House of Com- 
 mons of Ireland, on Thursday, April 11, 1799 (1799). A Report of the Debate in 
 the House of Commons of Ireland, on Wednesday and Thursday, the 15th and 16th 
 of January, 1800 (1800). A Report of the Debate in the House of Commons of 
 Ireland, on Wednesday and Thursday, the 5th and 6th of February, 1800 (1800) 
 The Speech of the Right Hon. John Earl of Clare, Lord High Chancellor of Ireland, in 
 the House of Lords of Ireland, on a motion made by him on Monday, February 10, 
 1800 (1800). Speech of the Right Hon. John Foster, Speaker of the House of 
 Commons of Ireland, on Monday, the 17th day of February, 1800 (1800) Cata- 
 logue of the Annual Exhibition held at the Parliament House, the second, 1801 
 (1801). Catalogue of the Third Annual Exhibition held at the Parliament House, 
 1802 (1802). History of Dublin, by Whitelaw and Walsh (1818), 531. The 
 Dublin Monthly Magazine (1842), 151. 
 
 CIIAPTEB III. Rot. Chart in Turr. Lond. a T. D. Hardy (1837), 20. Re- 
 gistrnm Prioratus Omnium Sanctorum (1845) Rotulorum Pat. et Claus. in Cane.
 
 AUTHORITIES. 379 
 
 Hiberniffl asservat Calendarium (1828) Transactions of the Kilkenny Archaolo- 
 gical Society (1854), iii. 35. MSS. of the Parish of St. John, Dublin, No. 48, 
 26 Ed. III., T.C.D. Harris' History of Dublin (1766) Chain Book, MS. Re- 
 corder's Book, MS. Repertorium Viride, MS. Holinshed's Chronicles of Ireland 
 (1586). Book of the Revenue of the Queen's Lands and Possessions, by Nichs. 
 Kenny (1592), MS. Inquisit. in Officio Cancellarise Hiberniae asservatorum Reper- 
 torium (1826). Inquisition apud Theolonium, 9 Deer. 2do Gul. et Mariae, MS. 
 Deeds of the Guild of St. Anne, MSS Reflections upon some Persons and Things in 
 Ireland (1790). Letters written by Eminent Persons, from the originals in the 
 
 Bodleian (1813). History of the Down Survey, by Col. T. A. Larcom (1852) 
 
 Memoirs of John Evelyn (1827). History of the Royal Society, by Rev. T. Birch 
 (1757). Peerage of Ireland, by J. Lodge and M. Archdall (1789). Works of Sir 
 James Ware, by W. Harris (1746) General History of the Stage, by W. R. Chet- 
 wood (1749) Historical View of the Irish Stage, by R Hitchcock (1788). 
 Vindication of his Excellency John Earl of Carteret (1730). Old Dublin Intelli- 
 gence (1731). Biographical Memoir of B. Mosse, M.D. (1846). Gentleman's and 
 Citizen's Almanacks. Dublin Courant (1749), 500. Hibernian Magazine (1771). 
 200. (1788), 57. 133. (1797), 289. (1798), 478. Inquisition, 10 June, 1642, MS. 
 Works of Swift, by Sir W. Scott (1824). History of England, by Laurence 
 
 Echard, D.D. (1720). An Establishment for Tangier, signed Charles Rex, MS 
 
 Life of James Duke of Ormonde, by T. Carte (1736), ii. 325. Statutes passed in 
 Ireland, 6 Anne, cap. iv. Manuscript Records of the Parish of St. Andrew. Dublin 
 Weekly Journal, iii. (1730), 127. Pue's Occurrences, xxx. (1733), 27. Ivi. (1759), 
 
 58. History of St. Patrick's Cathedral, by W. M. Mason (1820) Faulkner's 
 
 Dublin Journal (1745), 1888. (1746), 2054. (1747), 2166. (1758), 3208. (1759), 
 3363. (1762), 3681. Memoirs of Richard Marquis of Wellesley, by R, R. Pearce 
 (1847), i. 17 Dublin University Calendar (1834) Introduction to the know- 
 ledge of rare and valuable editions of the Greek and Latin Classics, by T. Dibdin, 
 D.D. (1827). Poetical Works of J. Milton, edited by the Rev. Henry John Todd, 
 D.D. (1842). Memoirs of Frances Sheridan, by A. Le Fanu (1824). Memoirs of 
 Mrs. Margaret Leeson (1795-7). Miscellanea Nova, by S. Whyte (1802) Poems 
 
 of S. Whyte (1792). Memoirs of Thomas Moore, by Lord John Russell (1853) 
 
 Recollections of John O'Keeffe (1826). Gentleman's Magazine (1811), 486. Life 
 of T. W. Tone (1826) Autobiography of A. H. Rowan, by Rev. W. H. Drummond, 
 D.D. (1840). Sentimental and Masonic Magazine (1793), iii. 92. The United 
 Irishmen, by R. R. Madden (1842), ii. 141. Freeman's Journal, xiii. (1776), 377. 
 Pasquin's Authentic History. Life of J. P. Curran, by W. H. Curran (1822). 
 Poetical Works of T. Moore (1849). Life and Death of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, 
 by T. Moore (1820). Sleater's Dublin Courant (1787), i. 381 Proceedings of the 
 Royal Dublin Society. Minutes of the Committee of Antiquarians, MS Irish Va- 
 rieties, by J. D. Herbert (1836). Poetical Works of Lord Byron (1855), 484 
 Thoughts and Facts relative to the increase of Agriculture, Manufactures, and Com- 
 merce, by the extension of Inland Navigation in Ireland, by Richard Griffith (1795). 
 History of Dublin, by Whitelaw and Walsh (1818), ii. 921. Manuscript Records 
 of the lioyul Irish Academy. Life of Lord Charlemont, by F. Hardy (1810). 
 Further Reports from Scientific and Charitable Institutions in Ireland receiving 
 Grants from Parliament, ordered by the House of Commons to bo printed, 4 July, 
 1845.
 
 380 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. Florilegium Insulte Sanctorum (1624), 32 RegistrumPrioratus 
 Omnium Sanctorum (1845) A new Deseription of Ireland, by Barnabe Rich 
 (1610). Poems, by John Winstanley (1742), 159 Swift's Works, edited by Scott 
 (1824). Dublin Gazette (1729), 185. (1756), 3076. (1769), 1985. Dublin 
 Weekly Journal (1731), iv. 92. Reminiscences of an Emigrant Milesian (1853). 
 Universal Magazine and Review (1792), 203. Faulkner's Dublin Journal (1742). 
 1735. (1746), 2035. (1750), 2446. (1751), 2489. 2588. (1752), 2672. 2768. 
 (1753), 2726. 2772. (1755), 2926. (1756), 3051-52. (1760), 3433. (1762), 3713. 
 3717. (1763), 3753. (1768), 4376. Hibernian Magazine (1776), 75. (1777), 72. 
 (1779), 544. (1780), 233. (1785), 390. (1789), 110. (1791), 131. (1798), 576 
 Freeman's Journal, v. (1768), 254; ix. (1772), 499 ; xii. (1775), 407. 431 ; xiii. 
 (1775), 75. Sleater's Dublin Chronicle (1787), 479. (1788), 2075. Hardy's 
 Life of Charlemont (1810). Baratariana (1773). Journals of the House of Lords 
 of Ireland (1780), ii. 847. Peerage of Ireland, by J. Lodge (1754), ii. 75 ; iii. 212. 
 Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors, edited by T. Park (1806). Biographical His- 
 tory of England, by Rev. J. Granger (1824). Memoirs of J. C. Pilkington (1762). 
 Dublin News' Letter (1741), 469. (1742). 527. Pasquin's Authentic History. 
 Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting in England, by R. Wornum (1840), 705. 
 Biographical and Ctilical Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, by M. Bryan (1816), 
 ii. 622. The Hibernian Politicians (1740). Miscelknies of Literature, by B. 
 D'Israeli (1840), 189. Biographia Dramatica (1812). Pue's Occurrences, xxxi, 
 (1734), 33; xxxiii. (1736), 12; xxxviii. (1741), 15. Memoirs of Mrs. L. Pil- 
 kington (1748). Documents penes Viscount Massereene. Catalogus Librorum 
 manuscriptorum Bibliothecaj Southwellianae,byT.Thorpe(1834) Extinct, dormant, 
 and abeyant Peerages, by J. Burke (1840) The Kerry Cavalcade; or, the High 
 Sheriff's Feast (1733), Broadside. Peerage of Ireland, by J. Lodge and M. Arch- 
 dall (1789), iii. 361. 412. Life of the Right Hon. Henry Grattan, by his Son 
 
 (1846) Historical Review of the State of Ireland, by F. Plowden (1803). Dublin 
 
 News' Letter (1741), 469. (1742), 527. Gentleman's and Citizen's Almanacs 
 
 The Merry Fellow; or, Jovial Companion (1756). Dublin University Magazine 
 (1841), 15. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland, by the Four Masters, edited by 
 J. O'Donovan, LL.D. (1851). Irish Minstrelsy, by J. Hardiman (1831) Re- 
 collections of J. O'Keeffe (1826). Nolan's Theatrical Observer (1821). Public 
 
 Monitor (1773), i. 310. Reminiscences of Michael Kelly (1826) Personal 
 
 Sketches, by Sir J. Barrington (1827). Views of Seats in Ireland, by T. Milton 
 (1783). The Earls of Kildare, by the Marquis of Kildare (1858). Walpole's 
 Memoirs of the Reign of George II. (1846) Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation, 
 by Sir Jonah Barrington (1833). Views of the City of Dublin, by T. Malton 
 (1794). Life and Death of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, by T. Moore (1832) Me- 
 moirs of Richard Cumberland (1807). MSS. Records of the Kildare-street Club. 
 Memoirs of T. Moore, by Lord John Russell (1853). Original Lease of the Mansion 
 House, Dawson-street, 18th May, 1715, penes the Corporation of Dublin. A Funeral 
 Elegy on the much lamented death of the Honourable Countess of Antrim, who de- 
 parted this life at her late dwelling-house in Dawson-street, on Friday, March the 
 18th (1736-7), Broadside. Records of the Parish of St. Anne, MSS Dublin 
 Evening Post (1 734). Life of Dr. Jonathan Swift, by T. Sheridan (1787). His- 
 tory of the Irish Brigades, by J. C. O'Callaghan (1854). The Diaboliad (1777). 
 Sketches, Legal and Political, by the late Right Hon. R. L. Sheil (1855). Jour-
 
 AUTHORITIKS. 381 
 
 nalsofthe House of Commons of Ireland, xix. (1800), 279 Life ofT. W. Tone 
 
 ()826). British Family Antiquity, by W. Playfair (1812). Unpublished Records 
 of the Royal Irish Academy. 
 
 CHAPTER V. Manuscript Records of the Parish of St. Andrew, Dublin- 
 Statutes passed in the Parliament held in Ireland, 17 & 18 Car. II., cap. vii. ; 6 Annae, 
 cap. xxii. Documents penes Robert Travers, M.B., Dublin. "A new Elegy occa- 
 sionally writ on the death of Dr. Travers, who departed from this transitory world 
 on Sunday, the 17th of this" instant September, 1727," (Broadside). "Elegy on the 
 much lamented death of the Reverend Doctor Travers, who departed this life at hia 
 late dwelling-house, on Sunday, the 17th of this instant, September, 1727," (Broad- 
 side). Dublin Gazette (1733), 621. (1736), 915. Journals of the House of Com- 
 mons of Ireland, iv. (1796), 451. 459. 462; vii. 216. 226. 229; viii. (1797), 46. 
 177. 195. 316. 323; clvi. cccxxiii. xi. 261. 262. 267. 277. 278. 448; xvi. 209 ; 
 xviii. (1799), 48. Census of Ireland (1851). History of the Cathedral of St. 
 Patrick, by W. M. Mason (1820). Works of Sir J. Ware, by W. Harris (1746), 
 iii. 207. A brief Discourse in Vindication of the Antiquity of Ireland, by Hugh 
 
 M'Curtin (1717) The Censor (1749), iv. Poems, by Laurence Whyte (1740) 
 
 Anthologia Hibernica, ii. (1793), 109. 188. 242. Letters written by Hugh 
 Boulter, D.D. (1770), ii. 155. Faulkner's Dublin Journal (1742), 1653. (1744), 
 1855-6. 1871. (1751), 2499. 2523. (1762), 3634. (1763), 3795. (1768), 4257. 
 Views of Seats in Ireland, by T. Milton (1783). Freeman's Journal, ii. (1765), 
 411; iii. (1766), 291; viii. (1771), 443. 607 Peerage of Ireland, by J. Lodge 
 and M. Archdall (1789), iv. 92; v. 276. Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical 
 Science, xvii. 210. The Repository, MS. penes the Royal Irish Academy. Recol- 
 lections of J. O'Keeffe (1826) Curran and his Contemporaries, by C. Phillips 
 (1850). Hibernian Magazine (1771), 200. 229. (1788), 445. (1790), 10. 
 Documents relative to the Carey family, penes Auctorem. Memoire of the Irish 
 Union (1802). The United Irishmen, by R. R. Madden, second series (1843), 
 
 ii. 9. 294 Report of the Trial of Peter Finerty, by W. Ridgeway (1798). 
 
 Journals of the House of Lords of Ireland, viii. (1800), 27. 31. 117. Memoirs 
 of William Sampson (1832). Life of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, by T. Moore 
 
 (1832). Memoirs of T. Moore, by Lord John Russell (1853) Pasquin's Authentic 
 
 History. Dublin Weekly Journal (1726), 312 Works of Swift, edited by Sir W. 
 Scott (1824). Works of Alexander Pope, by W; L. Bowles (1806). Letters of 
 Thomas Rundle, D.D., by J. Dallaway (1789) Collection of Pieces formerly pub- 
 lished by H. Brooke (1778) Brookiana (1804). Works of Samuel Johnson 
 
 (1825), v. 329. Memoirs of Charles O'Conor Historic View of the Irish Stage, 
 
 by R, Hitchcock (1788). Biographia Dramatica (1812). Select Essays, from the 
 Batchelor (1772). " The Tryal of the Roman Catholics on a Special Commission 
 directed to Lord Chief Justice Reason, Lord Chief Baron Interest, and Mr. Justice 
 Clemency, Wednesday, August 5th, 1761, Mr. Clodwortby Common Sense; Foreman 
 of the Jury ; Mr. Sergeant Statute, Counsel for the Crown ; Constantino Candour, 
 Esq., Counsel for the Accused" (1762). Dublin University Magazine, xxxix. 
 
 ( 13.V2), 200 " An Elegy on the much lamented death of Edward Wingfield, Esq., 
 
 who departed this life on Thursday last, and yesterday, being the 12th of this 
 instant January, 1728-9, died his lady, at their house in William -street," (Broad- 
 side). A Catalogue of the Goods and Stock of the late Edward Wingfield, Esq., at 
 VOL. III. 2 l>
 
 382 HISTORY OF THE CITY OF DUBLIN. 
 
 Powerscourt and at his house in Dublin (1728-9). Life of James Earl of Charletnont, 
 by F. Hardy, (1810). Malton's Picturesque and Descriptive Views of the City of Dub- 
 lin (1794). Views of the Public Buildings in Dublin, by R. Pool and J. Cash (1780). 
 Life of the Right Hon. Henry Grattan, by his Son (1846), v. 15. 47 Liber 
 Munerum Publicorum Hibernise, ii. (part vi.) 166. Catalogues of the Exhibitions of 
 the Society of Artists, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1771, 1772, 1773, 
 1774, 1775, 1777, 1780. Essay on Perfecting the Fine Arts in Great Britain and 
 in Ireland (1767). Declaration of Trust and Agreement about the Exhibition Room, 
 &c., in William-street deed between Jonathan Fisher and James Reilly, of the 
 City of Dublin, painters, Members of the Society of Artists in Dublin ; and Simon 
 Vierpyl, stone cutter, Richard Cranfield, carver, Gustavus Hamilton, Robert Hunter, 
 and James Mannin, of the city of Dublin, Members of the said Society of Artists 
 (1770), MS. The Batchelor (1769), ii. 279. Unpublished Letter of William 
 Mossop, Junior, dated 144, Mecklenburgh-street, Dublin, 29 June, 1822. MSS. of 
 Thomas Bell, penes the Royal Hibernian Academy, Dublin. Rise and Fall of the 
 Irish Nation, by Sir J. Barrington (1833). Archives of the Corporation of Dublin. 
 
 END OF THE THIRD VOLUME. 
 
 .
 
 GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Academy, Irish, Royal, iii. 2, 228, 
 
 304. 
 
 Academy, Musical, i. 77. 
 Aldridge, Robert, ii. 191. 
 Ale-Brewers and Taverns, i. 150. 
 Allen's Court, i. 354. 
 Allen, Family of, i. 352. 
 Allen, John, Colonel, iii. 37. 
 Allen, Joshua, Sir, i. 188, 351. 
 All-Hallows, Priory of, iii. 2, 4. 
 A Imanac, Dublin ; see Cuinpsty, 
 
 Watson, Wilson, Whalley. 
 Altham, Lord, ii. 322. 
 American Club, i. 44. 
 Anabaptists, i. 123, 209. 
 Andrew, Saint, Churches of, ii. 
 
 258, 262 ; iii. 306, 312, 355. 
 Anglesey, Arthur, Earl of, ii. 321. 
 Anglesey-street, ii. 321, 335. 
 Annesley, Arthur, i. 55 ; ii. 321. 
 Annesley, Francis, Sir, i. 54. 
 Annesley, James, ii. 322, 331. 
 Anne, Queen, Farthing of, iii. 221. 
 Anne, Saint, Church and Parish 
 
 of, iii. 295. 
 
 Anne, Saint, Guild of, i. 277, 288. 
 Anthologia Hibernica, ii. 334. 
 Anti-Union Newspaper, iii. 34. 
 Apjohn, James, M.D., iii. 242. 
 Armstrong, John Warneford, iii. 
 
 214. 
 
 Arne, Thomas, Dr., i. 75, 89. 
 Arran Bridge, i. 388. 
 Artists, Dublin, Society of, iii. 195, 
 
 344, 363. 
 
 Ashbury, Joseph, i. 36 ; ii. 69, 72. 
 Ashton, Robert, i. 70. 
 Astley, Philip, i. 45. 
 
 Astrologers, Irish, i. 193. 
 Atherton, John, Bishop, i. 50. 
 Audo'en, Saint, Arch of, i. 290, 
 295, 310. 
 
 Church of, i. 272. 
 
 Gate of, i. 287. 
 
 AugustHiian Hermits, i. 336. 
 
 Monastery, ii. 170; 
 
 Appendix i. 
 
 Austin, John, Rev., i. 312. 
 Austin's-lane, i. 2, 6. 
 
 Back-lane, i. 238. 
 Bagenal, Beauchamp, iii. 126. 
 Baillie, James K., iii. 242. 
 Baker, Henry Aaron, iii. 178, 224, 
 
 226. 
 
 Bakers' Hall, i. 287. 
 Ballymote, Book of, iii. 235. 
 Barber Surgeons, i. 244. 
 Barrett, George, i. 194 ; ii. 294 ; 
 
 iii. 318. 
 
 Barrington, Jonah, Sir, iii. 132. 
 Barry, Anne, ii. 199 see Crawford. 
 Barry, Edward, Sir, M.D., iii. 23. 
 Barry, James, ii. 295. 
 Barry, Spranger,i.l78; ii.94, 100, 
 
 180, 182, 193, 198. 
 Bedell, William, Dr., Hi. 112. 
 Beefsteak Club, ii. 87. 
 Bellamy, George, Anne, ii. 82. 
 Bellingham, Daniel, Sir, 14. 
 Bertram's-court, i. 239. 
 Betagh, Thomas, Rev., i. 312. 
 Bingham, John, Sir, iii. 262. 
 Blachford, John, Rev., i. 33. 
 Black-dog Prison, i. 262, 274. 
 Bladen, Martin, i. 12.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Bladen, William, i. 11. 
 Blake, Robert, Hi. 220. 
 Blakeney, General, i. 20. 
 Bligh, Robert, ii. 268. 
 Blind Gate, The, ii. 257. 
 Blind Quays, ii. 119. 
 Blood, Thomas, ii. 119. 
 Bloody Bridge, i. 388. 
 Boate, Arnold, i. 57. 
 Bond, Oliver, i. 246, 336. 
 Bonnell, James, i. 52. 
 Bor, Family of, i. 238. 
 Borrowes, Sir Kildare, iii. 292. 
 Bor's-court, i. 238. 
 Bothe-street, i. 47, 161. 
 Bourne, Richard, Rev., i. 34. 
 Bowes, John, i. 42 ; iii. 94. 
 Boyle, Henry, iii. 99, 103. 
 Boyle, Richard, ii. 3. 
 Boyle, Robert, ii. 5. 
 Boyton, James W., M.D., iii. 319. 
 Brandon, Countess of, ii. 101. 
 Brangan, Patrick, Rev., i. 316. 
 Brazen Head Inn, i. 340. 
 Bridewell on Hoggen Green, iii. 7. 
 Bridge, Arran, i. 388. 
 Bridge, Bloody, i. 388. 
 Bridge, The Old, i. 319, 326, 418, 
 
 420. 
 
 Bridgefoot, The, i. 381. 
 Bridge-street, i. 327. 
 Brinkley, John, Bishop, iii. 239, 
 
 241. 
 
 Brooke, Charlotte, iii. 841. 
 Brooke, Henry, iii. 332, 341. 
 Brooks, John, ii. 1 7 ; Appendix v. 
 Buck-lodge, ii. 334. 
 Bull-ring, i. 250. 
 Bull's Head Society, i. 67, 71. 
 Bumpers, Squire Jones, iii. 264. 
 Burgh, Thomas, iii. 74, 135. 
 Burgh, Walter Hussey, iii. 111. 
 Burke, Thomas, Bishop, i. 325, 334 
 Burnell, Henry, i. 40. 
 Burnell's Inns, i. 296. 
 Burrowes, Peter, iii. 151. 
 Bnrrowes, Robert, Rev., iii. 231. 
 
 Burton, Benjamin, i. 17. 
 
 Bushe, Charles Kendal, iii. 152, 
 
 153. 
 
 Butler, Simon, i. 337 ; iii. 248. 
 Butler, Theobald, Sir, hi. 69. 
 Buttevant's Tower, i. 374, ii. 114. 
 Byrne, Daniel, i. 157. 
 Byrne, Edward, i. 246, 354. 
 Byrne, Gregory, Sir, i. 159. 
 Byrne, Mary, ii. 245. 
 Byrne, Patrick, iii. 210, 220. 
 Bysse, Family of, ii. 22. 
 
 Cahill, Patrick, Rev., i. 316. 
 Caldwell, Sir James, iii. 106. 
 Cambium Regis, i. 1. 
 Capuchins, Dublin, i. 327, 328. 
 Carbrie House, i. 171. 
 Carew, George, Sir, iii. 57. 
 Carey, Matthew, iii. 320. 
 Carey's Hospital, iii. 57. 
 Carey, William Paulett, ii. 61 ; 
 
 iii. 217. 
 Carhampton, Earl of, i. 94; iii. 
 
 299. 
 
 Carmelites, Dublin, i. 298. 
 Carolan, Torlogh, iii. 266. 
 Caron, Redmond, i. 196, 304. 
 Carpenters' Guild, i. 254. 
 Carson, James, ii. 266, 317. 
 Carteret's Head Tavern, i. 19. 
 Carter, Cornelius, i. 63. 
 Carter, Thomas, i. 34. 
 Carver, Robert, iii. 348. 
 Castle-lane, ii. 262. 
 Castle-market, ii. 262. 
 Castle, Richard, i. 71; iii. 75, 
 
 275, 288, 314. 
 Castle-street, i. 1, 28. 
 Castlereagh, Lord, iii. 149, 159, 
 
 166, 172. 
 Castri Vicus, i. 1. 
 Catalani, Madame, ii. 229. 
 Catch Club, Amicable, i. 44. 
 Catholic Committee, i. 246; ii. 
 
 163. 
 Catlin's Tavern, i. 18.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Caulfield, Sir Toby, iii. 18. 
 Cavendish, Henry, Sir, iii. 210, 
 
 289. 
 
 Cele Chriost, i. 98. 
 Chaloner, Lucas, Sir, iii. 7. 
 Chamberlaine, Frances, ii. 77; 
 
 iii. 200. 
 
 Chappel, AVilliam, i. 29. 
 Chapman, James, ii. 281. 
 Charitable Loan, i. 76. 
 Charlemont House, College Green, 
 
 iii. 18. 
 Charlemont, James, Lord, iii. 228, 
 
 237. 
 
 Charlemont, William, Second Vis- 
 count, iii. 19. 
 Charleville, Charles, Earl of, iii. 
 
 239. 
 
 Chequer-lane, iii. 195. 
 Cheny, Andrew, ii. 277. 
 Chester, Natives of, resident in 
 
 Dublin, i. 30. 
 Chesterfield, Philip, Earl of, ii. 33, 
 
 35, 288. 
 
 Chetwood, W. R , i. 61. 
 Chichester, Arthur, Sir, iii. 57. 
 Chichester House, iii. 57. 
 Chief Baron's yard, ii. 23. 
 Christ Church, Cathedral of, i. 98, 
 
 132. 
 Black Book of, i. 98, 
 
 416. 
 
 Lane, i. 45. 
 
 Liberty of, i. 142. 
 
 Yard, i. 142. 
 
 Church-lane, iii. 319. 
 Cibber, Theophilns, ii. 74. 
 Clancarty, Donogh, Earl of, iii. 19. 
 
 House, iii. 18, 23. 
 
 Clare, John, Earl of, iii. 162. 
 Cleghorn, George, ii. 302, 313. 
 Clonliffe, ii. 227. 
 
 Clonmel, John, Earl of, iii. 28,210. 
 Glossy, Samuel, M.D., iii. 316. 
 Cock-hill, i. 146. 
 Cock-pits, ii. 16, 165. 
 Cock Tavern, i. 42. 
 
 Cocorum Vicus, i. 225. 
 
 Coghill's-court, ii. 265. 
 
 Coghill, Marmaduke, ii. 265. 
 
 Cole's-alley, i. 7. 
 
 College-green, iii. 1, 56, 
 
 Collett's Inn, iii. 184. 
 
 Comerford, John, ii. 308 ; iii. 226. 
 
 Commercial Buildings, ii. 321. 
 
 Commons, House of, Speakers of 
 iii. 370 
 
 Conduits, City, Documents rela- 
 tive to, i. 408, 415. 
 
 Congreve, William, i. 16. 
 
 Constitutional Society, i. 44. 
 
 Convention of 1783, ii. 60; iii. 
 127. 
 
 Cook-street, i. 295, 315. 
 
 Cooley, Thomas, ii. 334. 
 
 Cope, Henry, M.D., iii. 330. 
 
 Copper Alley, i. 92. 
 
 Cork Change, ii. 8. 
 
 Cork-hill, ii. 6, 13, 21. 
 
 Cork House, ii. 3. 9. 
 
 Cornmarket, i. 250, 257. 
 
 Cornwallis, Lord, iii. 166. 
 
 Corry, Isaac, iii. 159, 163. 
 
 Corsican Club, i. 44. 
 
 Coryngham's Inns, i. 1 4. 
 
 Council Chamber, i. 32; ii. 148, 
 150. 
 
 Courts Martial at Dublin, 1651-2, 
 i. 41,255. 
 
 Cow-lane, i. 14. 
 
 Cox, Richard, Sir, iii 312. 
 
 Cox, Walter, ii. 64 ; iii. 51. 
 
 Crampton-court, ii. 268. 
 
 Crampton, Philip, ii. 268, 274. 
 
 Crane, the old, i. 356, 368, 370. 
 
 Crane-lane, ii. 166. 
 
 Crawford, Anne, ii. 199, 201, 206. 
 
 Crawford, Thomas, ii. 199, 204. 
 
 Creagh, Michael, Sir, i. 332. 
 
 Cressy, Hugh, i. 51. 
 
 Crofts, Philip, i. 43, 
 
 Crosbie, Richard, iii. 279. 
 
 Cross, the high, i. 213, 420. 
 
 Crossley, Aaron, ii. 278.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Crow, Crazy, ii. 13 
 Crow's Nest, ii. 171, 178. 
 Crow-street, ii, 178. 
 Crow-street Music Hall ii. 179. 
 Crow-street Theatre, ii. 94, 1 80, 
 
 255; Appendix v. xii.; iii. 207. 
 Crow, William, ii. 171. 
 Cabins, Saint, i. 106. 
 Cucull Post, i. 330. 
 Cumberland, Richard, ii. 50 ; iii. 
 
 289. 
 
 Cumpsty, Andrew, i. 377; ii. 262 
 Cunningham, John, ii. 294. 
 Cunningham, Patrick, ii. 52, 293. 
 Cunningham, Timothy, iii. 235. 
 Curran, John Philpot, i. 137, 140 ; 
 
 iii. 128, 139, 217, 318. 
 Curry, Eugene, iii. 242. 
 Custom Houses of Dublin, i. 356, 
 
 368; ii. 134, 146. 
 Custom House Coffee-house, ii. 
 
 161. 
 
 Custom House Quay, ii. 139, 143. 
 Cutts, John, Lord, iii. 257. 
 
 Daly, Patrick, ii. 305. 
 
 Daly, Richard, ii. 105, 204, 
 
 206, 208, 210, 215, 
 
 218, 239 ; iii. 27. 
 Daly's Club, ii. 305 ; iii. 39. 
 Darner, Joseph, i. 65. 
 Dame's-gate, ii. 256. 
 Dame's-street, ii. 263. 
 Darby-square, i. 44, 46. 
 Darcy, Patrick, i. 331. 
 Davies, John, Sir, i. 376. 
 Dawson, Arthur, Baron, ii. 330; 
 
 iii. 263, 266. 
 Dawson, Henry, Richard, Rev. iii. 
 
 241, 266. 
 
 Dawson, Joshua, iii. 293. 
 Dawson-street, iii. 293, 305. 
 Deanery-court, i. 54. 
 De Gree, painter, ii. 303. 
 Delany, Patrick, Rev. i. 33. 
 De Renzi, Matthew, i. 376. 
 Deny, siege of, i. 32. 
 
 Des Voeux, A, ii. 273. 
 Des Voeux, Charles, ii. 274. 
 Dillon, Thomas, ii. 29. 
 Directory, the Dublin, ii. 275. 
 Dissenters, i. 311, 350. 
 Dixon, Robert, Sir, i. 176. 
 Dobson, Eliphal, i. 13. 
 Dod, James, Solas, ii. 334. 
 Dodwell, Henry, i. 29. 
 Dogget, Thomas, i. 15. 
 Dominicans, Dublin, i. 307, 325, 
 
 334. 
 Dopping, Anthony, Rev. i. 125; 
 
 iii. 306, 355. 
 
 Douglas, tragedy of, ii. 93. 
 Dowdall, John, Rev. i. 336. 
 Dowling, Vincent, iii. 34, 317. 
 Down Survey, ii. 171. 
 ! Drapier's Head Tavern, i. 18. 
 i Drapier's Letters, i. 59 ; iii. 72. 
 Drennan, William, M.D., i. 246; 
 
 ii. 308; iii. 326. 
 Droz, Jean Pierre, ii 270. 
 Dubhgall's Bridge, i. 319. 
 Dublin Journal, ii. 53. 
 Dun, Patrick, Sir, i. 177 ; ii. 121 ; 
 
 iii. 16. 
 
 Dunton, John, i. 173. 
 Du Val, Lewis, ii. 74; iii. 196. 
 
 Eagle Tavern, Cork-hill, ii. 14. 
 
 Eustace-street, ii. 313. 
 
 Echlin, Thomas, i. 91. 
 Edgeworth, Richard L., iii. 16G. 
 Edgeworth, Talbot, ii. 9. 
 Edwin, John, i. 35; ii. 226. 
 Egan, John, iii. 149, 153, 156. 
 Egyptians, counterfeit, 38. 
 Elephant burned at Dublin, AD. 
 
 1681, ii. 147. 
 Elrington, Thomas, ii. 72. 
 Emlyn, Thomas, Rev., ii. 263. 
 English, Buck, ii. 306. 
 Engraving in Dublin, ii. 17. 
 Ennis, Jacob, ii. 295. 
 Esdall, James, ii. 15. 
 Essex-gate, ii. 1 19, 150.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Essex-street, ii. 147. 
 Eustace, Maurice, Sir, ii. 310. 
 Eustace-street, ii. 310. 
 Exchange, Royal, i. 157 ; ii. 55. 
 
 Falkiner, Frederick, iii. 152. 
 Falkland, Henry, Viscount, i. 116. 
 Familiar Epistles on the Irish 
 
 Stage, i. 35 ; ii. 221. 
 Farquhar, George, i. 20. 
 Faulkner, George, i. 27; ii. 26, 
 
 30, 52. 
 
 Feathers Tavern, i. 18. 
 Fenton, Sir Geoffrey, i. 92. 
 Fian's Castle, see Fyan. 
 Finerty, Peter, iii. 320, 322, 329. 
 Fish-shambles, i. 47. 
 Fish-shamble-street, i. 47, 97, 
 Fish-shamble-street Music Hall, i. 
 
 72, 86. 
 Fish-shamble-street Theatre, i. 87, 
 
 89; ii. 198, 214. 
 FitzGerald, Edward, Lord, i. 34 ; 
 
 iii. 285, 288. 
 
 FitzGerald, Gerald, i. 107. 
 Fitzgerald, James, Prime-Sergeant, 
 
 iii. 147, 152, 272. 
 FitzGerald, Pamela, i. 397, 399 ; 
 
 iii. 285, 288. 
 Flapper, the, ii. 335. 
 Fleece-alley, i. 65. 
 Fleming, Thomas, Archbishop, i. 
 
 300, 303, 316. 
 Flood, Henry, iii. 106, 129. 
 Florist Society, i. 44. 
 Foley, Samuel, i. 31. 
 Foot, Lundy, ii. 120. 
 Foote, Samuel, ii. 39. 
 Forbes, John, iii. 292. 
 Forde, Michael, ii. 21 ; App. vii. 
 Fortick's Grove, i. 227. 
 Foster, Anthony, iii. 260. 
 Foster, John, iii. 130, 171, 180, 
 
 260, 295. 
 
 Fownes'- court, ii. 317. 
 Fownes, William, Sir, ii. 317. 
 Franciscans, Dublin, i. 298, 300, 
 
 306, 327. 
 
 Frank House, i. 147. 
 
 Freeman's Journal, i. 291 ; ii. 26; 
 
 iii. 26, 336. 
 Freemasons, i. 26, 70. 
 French, Humphrey, i. 227. 
 Fullarton, James, ii. 263. 
 Fyan, Richard, iii. 5, 6. 
 Fyan's Castle, i. 375; ii. 114. 
 
 Gaelic Society, i. 96. 
 
 Galmoy, Viscount, i. 31. 
 
 Gandon, James, i. 136; iii, 131. 
 
 Garrick, David, ii. 74. 
 
 Garter Tavern, i. 18. 
 
 Gast, John, Rev. i. 90. 
 
 Geminiani, Francesco, ii. 280. 
 
 Gent, Thomas, ii. 167. 
 
 George, Saint, Church of, iii. 181. 
 
 George, Saint, Guild of, iii. 182. 
 | George's-lane, iii. 183. 
 
 Gibson, Robert, ii. 332. 
 
 Giffard, John, ii. 53, 277. 
 
 Gilbert, George, Sir, i. 332. 
 
 Gillamocholmog, see MacGillama- 
 
 holmog. 
 I Gipsies, i. 38. 
 
 Gislebert, Richard Fitz,i. 99, 102. 
 I Gleadowe, Family of, i. 26. 
 
 Globe Tavern, ii. 14, 161. 
 
 Goban Saer, i. 321. 
 
 Goldsmith's Hall, i. 43. 
 
 Goose Pie, The, iii. 85. 
 
 Gormond's-gate, i. 341. 
 
 Grafton- street, iii. 195. 
 
 Grattan, Family of, i. 57, 284. 
 
 Grattan, Henry, i. 58; iii. 110 
 113, 126, 140, 155, 169, 205. 
 
 Grattan, James, i. 58. 
 
 Grattan, Patrick, i. 57. 
 
 Graves, Charles, Rv. iii. 243. 
 
 Grierson, Constant!;!, ii. 155, 160. 
 
 Grierson, George, ii. 155. 
 
 Grierson, George Abraham, ii. 
 160. 
 
 Guestier, Monsieur, ii. 27. 
 
 Guildhall, i. 153. 
 
 Gun, Nathaniel, ii. l/.'J. 
 
 (Jiuminp, Elizabeth, ii. 14.
 
 VI 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Gunpowder Explosion at Dublin, 
 
 A.D. 1596-7 ; i. 358, 368. 
 Gwim, J., Engraver, ii. 19. 
 
 Hacket, Thomas, Sir, i. 373, 
 Hall, The New, i. 254. 
 Halpin, Patrick, ii. 332. 
 Hamilton, James, ii. 263. 
 Hamilton, William Rowan, Sir, 
 
 iii. 240, 242. 
 Handel, G. F., i. 73, 75. 
 Handel, Commem. of , i. 34, 127. 
 Harding, John, i. 59. 
 Harding, Sarah, i. 60. 
 Harris, Paul, Rev. i. 300, 317. 
 Harvey, the Conjurer, i. 1 93. 
 Harvey, W. H., M.D., iii. 304. 
 Haughton, Samuel, Rev., iii. 305. 
 Hawkey, John, iii. 198. 
 Hayes, Samuel, iii. 135. 
 Hell, i. 53, 144. 
 Hell-fire Club, ii. 14. 
 Hemans, Felicia, iii. 296. 
 Henthorn, James, iii. 3 1 9. 
 Hibernian Journal, ii. 155. 
 Hibernian Magazine, Walker's, ii. 
 
 276. 
 
 Hibernian Society, ii. 112. 
 Hie et ubique, Play of, i. 18. 
 High-street, i. 208. 
 Higgins, Francis, ii. 212 ; iii. 24. 
 Hincks, Edward, Rev. iii 242. 
 Hoby, Philip, Sir, i. 33. 
 Hoey, Elizabeth, ii. 26. 
 Hoey, James, ii. 26, 30. 
 Hoey, John, Sir, i. 6. 
 Hoey, Parsons, i. 6. 
 Hoey's-court, i. 6. 
 Hoggen Butt, iii. 3. 
 Hoggen-greeu, iii. 3, 7, 58. 
 Hoggen-lane, ii. 316. 
 Hogges, iii. 1, 318. 
 Hogges'-gate, ii. 257. 
 Hogges, Nunnery of, iii. 2, 4, 
 
 351, 360. 
 Hog-hill, iii. 318. 
 Home, George, iii. 221. 
 Hore, Luke, i. 332. 
 
 Horse Guard, ii. 268 ; iii. 355. 
 Hospital, Lyiug-in, iii. 192. 
 Howard, Gorges Edmund, ii. 24, 
 
 44. 
 
 Hoyle, Joshua, Rev. i. 29. 
 Hudson, Edward, iii. 217, 220. 
 Hudson, Edward, Jun., i. 339; 
 
 iii. 218. 
 
 Hudson, William Elliot, iii. 304. 
 Hutcheson, Francis, ii. 312. 
 Hutchinson, John Hely, iii. 106. 
 Hynd-street, i. 43. 
 
 Idlers' Coner, ii. 146. 
 Inchbald, Elizabeth, ii. 107. 
 Ingoldsby, Richard, i. 126. 
 Irnham, see Carhamptou. 
 Isolda, ii. 116. 
 Isold's Tower, ii. 114. 
 Ivory, Thomas, ii. 291. 
 
 Jackson, William, Rev. i. 137. 
 Jans, Christopher, i. 145. 
 Jenkins, Abraham Lionel, i. 236. 
 Jephson, Robert, ii. 26, 45, iii. 262. 
 Jesuits' College, i. 184, 240, 242. 
 Jesuits, Dublin, i. 240. 
 Jesus, Staff of, i. 102, 107, 110. 
 John, Saint, Church of. i. 48. 
 John, Saint, Lane of, i. 53. 
 Johnson, Judge, i. 54. 
 Johnston, Francis, iii. 1 78. 
 Jones, Frederick E., i. 86 ; ii. 214, 
 
 218', 254; Appendix viii. 
 Jones, Richard, ii. 223. 
 
 Kane, Robert, Sir, iii. 242. 
 
 Katterfelto, ii. 281. 
 
 Kean, Edmund, ii. 243. 
 
 Kelly, Cornelius, i. 90. 
 
 Kelly, Michael, ii. 15, 213, 228, 
 
 234; iii. 270. 
 
 Kelly riot at Smock-alley, ii. 82 
 Kemble, Charles, ii. 243. 
 Kemble, John Philip, ii. 107. 
 Kennedy's Court., i. 194. 
 Kennedy, Family of, i. 194, 220. 
 Keogh, John, i. 246, 354; ii. 278.
 
 INDKX. 
 
 VII 
 
 Kerry, Earls of, iii. 258. 
 Kerry House, iii. 257. 
 Keyzar's Lane, i. 254. 
 Kildare House, Dame-st., ii. 278. 
 Kildare House, see Leinster House. 
 Kildare, James, twentieth Earl of, 
 
 iii. 275. 
 Kildare, Robert, nineteenth Earl 
 
 of, iii. 31 \ 
 
 Kildare street Club, iii. 289. 
 King, William, Archbishop, i. 31. 
 King, William, of Oxford, i. 389 ; 
 
 ii. 23. 
 
 Kingsbury, Thomas, M.D., ii. 332. 
 Kingsbury, Thomas, LL.D.iii. 274 
 Kingston, Robert, Earl of, his 
 
 Trial, iii. 144. 
 Kirwan, Richard, ii. 314, iii. 238. 
 Knox, George, iii. 303. 
 
 Landgartha, Play of, i. -10. 
 
 Latham, James, iii. 329. 
 
 La Touche, Family of, i. 20-25. 
 
 Leabhar Breac, iii. 235. 
 
 Leabhar na Huidhre, iii. 242. 
 
 Leacan, Book of, iii. 235. 
 
 Legion Club, iii. 85. 
 
 Leinster, Dutch Dukes of, iii. 277. 
 
 Leinster House, iii. 275-288.. 
 
 Leinster Street, iii. 248. 
 
 Leinster, William Robert, Duke of, 
 
 i. 23,82; iii. 277. 
 Leland, John, Rev. ii. 311. 
 Lever, Charles, iii. 3 1 0. 
 Liberty Rangers, i. 45. 
 Library Society, Dublin, ii. 314 
 Lingard, Richard, Rev. iii. 306. 
 Llewellin, Maria, i. 94. 
 Lloyd, Bartholomew, Rev. iii. 240, 
 Lloyd, Humphrey, Rev. iii. 241. 
 
 242, 805. 
 
 Loftus, Dudley, LL.D. ii. 118. 
 Lords, House of, in Ireland, iii. 
 
 71, 126, 162. 
 Lormeria, i. 1. 
 Lotteries, i. 85, 1 1 6. 
 Lottery Offices, ii. 278. 
 
 Lucas, Charles, M.D. i. 22; iii. 98. 
 Lucas's Coffee-house, ii. 9. 
 Ludlow, Edmund, iii. 18. 
 Luttrell, Henry, Colonel, i. 64. 
 Luttrell, Henry, Engraver, ii. 17. 
 Luttrell, Henry Lawes, i. 293. 
 Luttrell, Simon, i. 64, 330. 
 Luttrell, see Carhampton. 
 Lymerhim, or Numerhim, iiow 
 Ballyman, i. 233. 
 
 Mac Ardel, James, ii. 17. 
 
 Mac Cabe, Wm. Putnam, i. 398. 
 
 Mac Culla, James, i. 224. 
 
 Mac Cullagh, James, LL.D. iii. 
 
 239, 242. 
 
 Mac Curtin, Hugh, iii. 312. 
 Mac Firbis, Duald, i. 5. 
 Mac Mahon, Hugh, iii. 59. 
 Macklin, Charles, i. 326, ii. 86, 
 
 98, 109, 182, 192. 
 Madden, John, Rev. iii. 252, 295. 
 Madden, Samuel, Rev. ii. 281, 284, 
 
 297. 
 
 Maffett, Hugh, i. 61. 
 Magee, John, ii. 212, iii. 25. 
 Mac Gillamocholmog's Street, i. 
 
 146, 230. 
 Mac Gillamocholmog, Tribe of, 
 
 i. 403. 
 
 Magrath, Cornelius, iii. 24. 
 Maguire, Conor, Lord, i. 10, 93, 
 
 307. 
 
 Main Guard, i. 40. 
 Malone, Anthony, iii. 99, 1 03. 
 Malone, Edmund, iii. 230, 262. 
 Malone, James, Alderman, i. 68, 
 
 178. 
 
 Malone, Richard, i. 389. 
 Malone, William, Rev. i. 241, 
 
 298. 
 
 Mangan, James Clarence, i. 92. 
 Manly, Isaac, ii. 167. 
 Maple, William, i. 91, ii. 290. 
 Marie del Dam, Church of, ii. 1, 3. 
 Market, New-hall, i. 254. 
 Marshall, Robert, i. 6.
 
 Vlll 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Marshalsea, Four Courts, i. 43, 61. 
 
 334. 
 
 Martin, Saint, Church of, i. 27. 
 Masonic Lodges, i. 27, 70. 
 Masquerades, i. 82 ; iii. 277. 
 Mathew, Mr., of Thomastown, iii. 
 
 296. 
 
 Matthew, Toby, Sir, i. 8. 
 Maturin, Charles R,, Rev., iii. 274. 
 Maturin, Gabriel Jacques, iii. 197. 
 Mayoralty House, iii. 293. 
 Merchant's- quay, i. 356, 374. 
 Mercier, Eichard, ii. 334. 
 Mercury, Hoey's, ii. 26. 
 Mezzotinto Engraving in Dublin, 
 
 ii. 17. 
 
 Michael, Saint, Church of, i. 208. 
 Michael and John, SS. Church of, 
 
 ii. 111. 
 Midas, Burletta of, ii. 191 ; iii. 
 
 266, 271. 
 
 Miller, Andrew, iii. 318, 361. 
 Mill-pond, The, iii. 356. 
 Mills, The King's, ii. 263. 
 Moira House, i. 392, 400. 
 
 Lord, i. 393. 
 
 Molesworth-court, i. 58. 
 Molesworth-fields, iii. 250. 
 
 John, iii. 250. 
 
 Robert, i. 59. 
 
 street, iii. 250. 
 
 Molyneux, Samuel, i. 346, 350. 
 
 Thomas, i. 346, 350. 
 
 William, i. 283, 347 ; 
 
 ii. 13, 174; iii.66, 122,131, 288 
 Moor, Dudley, ii. 72. 
 Moor, Michael, Rev., i. 125, 329. 
 Moore, James, iii. 34. 
 Thomas, ii. 334 ; iii. 204, 
 
 217, 218, 292, 304, 328. 
 Morecraft, Thomas, i. 54. 
 Morgal, Crosbie, iii. 291. 
 Mornington, Garret, Earl of, i. 77, 
 
 79 ; iii. 198. 
 Mosse, Bartholomew, M.D., iii. 
 
 191, 315. 
 Mossop, Hy., ii. 96, 102, 104, 193. 
 
 Mossop, William, sen., Medallist, ii. 
 121,128; Appendix xiii. 
 
 William, jun., Medallist, ii. 
 
 128; Append ixxvil 
 Mullen, Allen, M.D., ii. 147, 149, 
 
 173. 
 
 Mullinahac, i. 351. 
 Musical Society, Charitable, i. 72, 
 
 143; ii. 179. 
 Music Halls see Crow-street and 
 
 Fishamble-street. 
 
 Nassau, Court of, iii! 248. 
 Nassau-street, iii. 244. 
 Navigation House, iii. 227, 231. 
 
 Inland, 227. 
 
 Netterville, Nicholas, Viscount, 
 
 Trial of, iii. 95. 
 Nevill, Arthur Jones, iii. 101. 
 Newcomen, William, Sir, i. 26. 
 Newgate, i. 257-275. 
 News-Letter, Dublin, 1685, i. 178. 
 Northland House, iii. 303. 
 Northland, Yiscount, iii. 303. 
 
 O'Clerigh, Michael, i. 299. 
 O'Connell, Daniel, ii. 64. 
 O'Connolly, Owen, iii. 59. 
 O'Connor, Arthur, iii. 137, 147, 
 
 320, 326. 
 O'Conor, Charles, i. 335 ; ii. 154 ; 
 
 iii. 231. 
 
 Octennial Bill, i. 245; iii. 107. 
 O'Donnell, William, Bishop, i. 385. 
 O'Finachty, James, i. 196. 
 O'Flanagan, T. i. 96; iii. 238. 
 Ogilby, John, i. 36 ; ii. 66. 
 O'Gorman, Thomas, Chevalier, iii. 
 
 223. 
 
 O'Hara, Kane, i. 79 ; iii. 266, 272. 
 O'Kearney, John, i. 382. 
 O'Keeffe, John, ii. 292. 
 Olaf, Saint, Church of, i. 48-50. 
 O'More, Roger, i. 10, 328. 
 O'Neill, Felim, i.10, 135, 195, 325 
 O'Neill, Miss, ii. 238, 246, 247. 
 O'Regan, Tadhg, Sir, iii. 12.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 O'Reilly, William, i. 43. 
 Ormond-gate, i. 344. 
 O'Shaughnessy, Thady, ii. 29. 
 Ossory, Pierce, Earl of, iii. 3. 
 O'Tuathal, Adam, iii. 3. 
 
 Lorcan, i. 28, 101. 
 
 Luke, i. 185. 
 
 Owenson, Robert, ii. 202. 
 
 Painting Academy^ proposed, iii. 
 
 349. 
 
 Palaeosophers, iii. 227. 
 Parke, Robert, iii. 134. 
 Parliament of Ireland, History of, 
 
 from 1661 to 1800, iii. 60-180. 
 
 Officers of, Pensioned at 
 
 the Union, iii. 371. 
 
 House, iii. 73-180. 
 
 street, ii. 25-55. 
 
 Parnell, John, Sir, iii. 147, 152. 
 Parry, Family of, i. 283. 
 Parsons, Lawrence, Sir, iii. 153. 
 Parsons, William, Sir, i. 372. 
 Patrick, Saint, i. 98. 
 
 Patrick, Saint, Benevolent Society 
 
 of, ii. 112. 
 Patrick, Saint, Friendly Brothers 
 
 of, i. 19. 
 
 Patrick, Saint, Monks of, iii. 217. 
 Patrick, Saint, Well of, iii. 244. 
 Patrick's- well *Lane, iii. 244. 
 Pearce, Edward Lovett,iii.75,314. 
 Peers of Ireland, House of, see 
 
 Lords. 
 
 Pellipariorum Vicus, i. 161. 
 Penal Laws, enacted, iii. 69 ; re- 
 laxed, 110, 139. 
 Penances, public at Dublin, A.D. 
 
 1570-2, i. 114, 213. 
 Pery, Ed. Sexten, iii. 109, 119. 
 Petrie, George, ii. 309 ; iii. 241, 
 
 242. 
 
 Petrie, James, ii. 309. 
 Petty, William, Sir, i. 200, 243 ; 
 
 ii.' 171, 174; iii. 184. 
 Philharmonic Society, i. 90. 
 Phillips, Catherine, ii. 66. 
 
 Philosophical Society of Dublin, 
 ii. 13, 173, 178; Appendix, iii. 
 
 Phoenix Tavern, i. 43. 
 
 Physicians, College of, iii. 9, 13. 
 
 Pilkington, Letitia, i. 19 ; ii. 156; 
 iii. 262. 
 
 Pillory, i. 161, 256. 
 
 Pimlico, Parliament, iii. 34. 
 
 Pipe-street, i. 310. 
 
 Piscariorum Vicus, i. 47. 
 
 Plays on Hoggen-green, iii. 4. 
 
 Plunket, Oliver, Archbishop, i. 263 
 
 Plunket, W. Conyngham, iii. 147. 
 
 Pole-gate, i. 36. 
 
 Ponsonby, John, Speaker of the 
 Commons, 1771, iii. 109. 
 
 Portlester, Baron of, i. 277. 
 
 Post-house of Dublin, i. 223, 226. 
 
 Post-office, General of Dublin, i. 
 61; ii.167, 169,321; iii. 37. 
 
 Potts, James, ii. 276. 
 
 Potts, John, ii. 277. 
 
 Powell, Humphrey, i. 186, 369. 
 
 Powell, Samuel, i. 181; ii. 167, 
 276. 
 
 Powerscourt, Family of, iii. 341. 
 
 Powerscourt House, iii. 341. 
 
 Power, Richard, Baron, iii. 290. 
 
 Poynings' Act, iii. 80, 126. 
 
 Prendergast, Thomas, Sir, iii. 104. 
 
 Presbyterian Congregations, i.392; 
 ii. 311. 
 
 Press, the, Newspaper, iii. 319. 
 
 Preston's Inns, ii. 22, 66. 
 
 Prickett's Tower, i. 369. 
 
 Printers, the King's, i. 186. 
 
 Printing in Dublin, see Faulk- 
 ner, George ; Grierson, George ; 
 O'Kearney, John; Powell, Hum- 
 phrey; Powell, Samuel. 
 
 Printing in Irish Characters, i. 29, 
 382. 
 
 Prior, Thomas, ii. 281, 284. 
 
 Proudfoot's Castle, i. 375. 
 
 Prussian Club, i. 44. 
 
 Pue's Occurrences, i. 14, 74. 
 
 Pue, John, i. 11.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Pue, Richard, i. 72. 
 Pyedhorse-yard, i. 160. 
 
 Quakers, Dublin, i. 36, 280, 344 ; 
 
 ii. 169. 
 Quays of Dublin, i. 34G. See 
 
 Blind quays, Merchant's quay 
 
 and Wood- quay. 
 Quin, Family of, i. 220. 
 Quin, Henry, M.D. i. 79 ; ii. 123 ; 
 
 Appendix xiii. 
 Quin, James, i. 221. 
 
 Rain-lane, i. 237. 
 Rawdon, Family of, i. 392. 
 Ray, Joseph, i. 180 ; iii. 24. 
 Read, Matthew, ii. 16. 
 Red Lion Tavern, i. 93. 
 Reeves, William, D.D., iii. 305. 
 Reform, Parliamentary, Attempts 
 
 at, iii. 127, 136, 139, 142. 
 Regency, Debates on, iii. 135. 
 Remembrancer, Chief, Office of, i. 
 
 147. 
 
 Reynolds, Michael, i. 340. 
 Reynolds, Thomas, i. 338, 341 ; 
 
 ii. 303 ; iii. 285. 
 Rice, Stephen, Sir, iii. 69. 
 Rights of Ireland, Declaration of, 
 
 1780-1782; iii. 114, 126. 
 Roberts, Thomas, ii. 317. 
 Robinson, Thomas Romney, Rev. 
 
 iii. 241, 304. 
 Rochel-street, i. 238. 
 Roper, Lord, i. 51. 
 Rosemary-lane, i. 316. 
 Rose Tavern, Castle- street, i. 19. 
 Rosse, Richard Parsons, Earl of, 
 
 iii. 251. 
 Rowan, Archibald Hamilton, i. 137, 
 
 246; iii. 312. 
 Rowen lane, i. 146. 
 Rundle, Thomas, Bishop, iii. 330. 
 Rupelli, Vicars, i. 161. 
 Russell, Thomas, ii. 29 ; iii. 134. 
 Rutland, Duke of, ii. 109: iii. 
 
 133. 
 
 Ryder, Thomas, ii. 11, 102, 123, 
 194, 201, 202, 204, 207 ; Ap- 
 pendix, xiii. iii. 268. 
 
 Ryves, Thomas, Sir, i. 54. 
 
 Sandys, Edwin, ii. 166. 
 Santry, Lord, Trial of, iii. 89. 
 Sarsfield, Family of, i. 217. 
 Sarsfield, Patrick, Earl of Lucan, 
 
 iii. 263. 
 
 Sarsfield, Patrick, Mayor of Dub- 
 lin, i. 217. 
 Saul, Andrew, i. 95. 
 Saul, Laurence, i. 94. 
 Saul's-court, i. 94. 
 Saunders, Henry, i. 146; ii.16, 276 
 Saunders' News-Letter, ii. 16,276. 
 Scarlet-lane, i. 93 ; ii. 117. 
 Schoolhouse-lane, i. 237. 
 Shambles-flesh, i. 216. 
 Shaw's-court, ii. 281, 290, 301. 
 Sheares, John, iii. 215, 328. 
 Shee, Martin Archer, i. 391 ; iii. 
 
 226. 
 
 Sheridan, Rd. Brinsley, ii. 229,234 
 Sheridan, Thomas, i. 76 ; ii. 74. 
 
 78, 192 ; iii, 200, 204, 
 Shirley, James, i. 38. 
 Shoemakers, Guild of, i. 209. 
 Sican, Mrs. ii. 164. 
 Siddons, Mrs. ii. 107, 213. 
 Silk Manufacture in Dublin, ii. 27. 
 Silver-court, i. 27. 
 Simnel, Lambert, i. 106 ; ii. 1. 
 Sirr, Henry Charles, Town-Major, 
 
 i. 35, 397; ii. 64; iii. 241. 
 Skelton, Walter, Rev. i. 335. 
 Skinners' Row, i. 161, 183. 
 Slips or Landing Places, i. 270. 
 Smith, Aquilla, M.D. iii. 12, 15, 
 
 242. 
 Smith, Edward, Sculptor, ii. 59, 
 
 iii. 179. 310. 
 Smith, Thomas, Apothecary, i. 
 
 145, 426. 
 
 Smock Alley, ii. 66, 111, 113. 
 Smock Alley Theatre, ii. 68-111.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Society, the Dublin, History of 
 
 ii. 281, 302 ; iii. 221. 
 Sots' Hole, ii. 23. 
 Southwell, James, i. 32. 
 Sparks, Isaac, ii. 332 ; iii. 248. 
 Spenser, Edmund, iii. 307. 
 Spooner, Charles, Engraver, ii. 17, 
 
 20. 
 
 Squire, the Sham, see Higgins. 
 Stafford, Alexius, Rev., i. 125. 
 Stationers', Company of, i. 187. 
 Stationers' Hall, ii. 15. 
 Stearne, John, Bishop, i. 31. 
 Stearne, John, M.D., iii. 9, 10, 15. 
 Stevenson, John, A. Sir, i. 105. 
 Stock, Joseph, Bishop, ii. 308. 
 Stockdale, John, iii. 328. 
 Stokes, Gabriel, ii. 165. 
 Stone, Geo., Primate, i. 170, iii.99. 
 Stone, the Lucky, i. 295. 
 Strongbow's Tomb, Christ Church, 
 
 i. 102, 112, 113. 
 Straggler Tavern, i. 315. 
 Suffolk Street, iii. 312. 
 Sullivan, W. K., ii. 178. 
 Sutorum, Vicus, i. 43. 
 Swan Alley, ii. 11. 
 Swan Tripe Club, ii. 12. 
 Swift, Deane, iii. 322. 
 Swift, James, i. 26. 
 Swift, Jonathan, Dean, i. 6, 227; 
 
 ii. 49 ; iii. 85. 
 Sycamore Alley, ii. 167. 
 Sydney, Henry, Sir, i. 112. 
 Sydney, Heniy, Viscount, ii. 69 ; 
 
 iii. 63. 
 
 Synge, Edward, Bishop, i. 31. 
 Synge, Nicholas, Bishop, i. 31. 
 
 Tailors', Guild of, i. 48. 155. 
 Tailors' Hall, i. 155, 243. 
 Talbot, Montague, ii. 222, 250. 
 Talbot, Peter, Archbishop, i. 96. 
 Tangier, Fortress of, iii. 195. 
 Tangier Lane, iii. 195. 
 Tate, Faithful, i. 30. 
 Temple Bar, ii. 315, 317. 
 
 Temple, John, Sir, ii. 316. 
 Temple Lane, ii. 316. 
 Temple, William, ii. 315. 
 Theatres, Dublin, see Crow-street, 
 
 Fishainble-street, Shaw's-court, 
 
 Smock-alley, Werburgh- street. 
 Theatrical performances early in 
 
 Dublin, i. 36 ; iii. 4. 
 Theng-mote, ii. 258, 263. 
 Tholsel, i. 161, 166, 171. 
 Tib and Tom, iii. 3. 
 Tighe, Richard, iii. 296. 
 Tisdall, Philip, iii. 249. 
 Todd, J. H., Rev., iii. 304. 
 Tokens issued in Dublin, i. 16, 42, 
 
 143, 194, 220. 
 Toland, John, iii. 65. 
 Tom's Coffee House, i. 18. 
 Tone, Matilda, iii. 210. 
 Tone, Theobald Wolfe, i. 229 ; ii. 
 155; iii. 134, 210, 212, 303. 
 Totty, John, Sir, i. 30, 388. 
 Travers, John, Rev., iii. 307, 314, 
 
 329. 
 
 Tresham, Henry, i. 228. 
 [revere, John, iii. 318. 
 Trinity Hall, iii. 8, 15, 17, 329. 
 Trinity, Holy, Cathedral of,, see 
 
 Christ Church. 
 Trinity-lane, i. 145. 
 Trinity-street, iii. 17. 
 Tristram, Sir, i. 115. 
 Tudor, Joseph, ii. 279. 
 Tullock's Church, i. 48. 
 Tullock's-lane, i. 48. 
 
 Ua N-Dunchadha, i. 230, 403. 
 Union with England, opposition to, 
 in Dublin in 1759, iii. 103. 
 Parliamentary de- 
 
 bates on, 1799, 1800, iii. 147, 
 173. 
 
 Petitions against, 
 
 Corruption used to 
 carry, i. 26; iii. 152, 160,166, 
 175.
 
 United Irishmen, Dublin, i. 246. 
 
 337, 340 ; iii. 147, 
 Ussher, Arland, ii. 117. 
 Ussher, family of, i. 381, 388. 
 Ussher's Garden, i. 392. 
 Ussher's Island, i. 388. 
 Ussher, James, i. 118, 188; ii. 
 
 264. 
 
 Ussher, John, i. 382, 385. 
 Ussher's-quay, i. 388. 
 Ussher, William, Sir, i. 385, 387. 
 
 Vanessa, i. 6. 
 
 Van Lewen, John, M.D., ii. 155; 
 
 iii. 262. 
 
 Vesey, family of, iii. 262. 
 Victor, Benjamin, ii. 112. 
 Violante, Madame, ii. 319; iii. 189. 
 Volunteers' Journal, iii. 319. 
 Volunteers, parades of, in Dublin, 
 
 ii. 60; iii. 45, 51, 279. 
 
 Voxar, Duke of, i. 16. 
 Walsh, Nicholas, Rev., i. 29 
 Walsh, Peter, Rev., i. 194. 
 Walstein, Miss, ii. 223. 
 Wandesford, Christopher, Sir, ii. 
 
 264. 
 
 Ware, family of, i. 2. 
 Ware, James, Sir, i. 2, 6, 31. 
 Ware, Robert, i. [Preface] iv. ; 6. 
 Waters, Edward, ii. 153. 
 Watson, John, i. 373. 
 Weavers, Dublin, ii. 27. 
 Weld, James, Rev., ii. 312. 
 Weld, Nathaniel, Rev., ii. 311. 
 Wellesley, Arthur, ii. 29 ; iii. 14. 
 Wellesley, Richard, Marquis of, 
 
 iii. 198. 
 Werburgh, Saint, Church of, i. 
 
 27, 36. 
 Werbnrgh's-gate, i. 36. 
 
 Werburgh's-lane, i. 43. 
 
 Werburgh's-street, i. 27, 46. 
 
 Wesley, John, Rev., i. 269, 393, 
 400; ii. 26; iii. 131, 337. 
 
 West, Francis Robert, iii. 224. 
 
 West, Robert, ii. 290, 294. 
 
 Westenra, family of, i. 331. 
 
 Wetenhall, Edward, Rev., i. 30. 
 
 WTialley, John, Dr., i. 188, 193, 
 377. 
 
 Wheatley, Samuel, ii. 332. 
 
 White, Luke, ii. 278 ; iii. 301. 
 
 Whitshed,Wm., i. 212, 222; ii. 153 
 
 Why te, Samuel, iii. 199. 
 
 Wilde, Aimer Le, i. 52. 
 
 Wilde, W. R., M.D., ii. 177 ; iii. 
 192, 305. 
 
 Wilks, Robert, i. 15 ; ii. 69. 
 
 Williamite soldiers, distressed, i.32 
 
 William-street, iii. 330. 
 
 William III, statue of, on College- 
 green, iii. 40-56. 
 
 Wills, Isaac, i. 32, iii. 295. 
 
 Wilson, Peter, ii. 274. 
 
 Wilson, Thomas, Rev., ii. 95. 
 
 Wimble, Will, i. 54. 
 
 Wine, use of, in Dublin, i. 53, 149. 
 
 Winetavern-street, i. 149. 
 
 Wingfield, see Powerscourt. 
 
 Winter, Samuel, Rev., i. 122, 350. 
 
 Woffington, Margaret, ii. 74, 87, 
 320 ; iii. 191, 329. 
 
 Wooden Man, the, ii. 151. 
 
 Wood quay, i. 374. 
 
 Wood's Halfpence, i. 20, 225. 
 
 Woollen Warehouse, Irish, i. 26. 
 
 Wormwood- gate, i. 345. 
 
 Worsdale, James, iii. 255. 
 
 Worth, Edward, M.D., i. 42; ii. 12. 
 
 Yellow Lion Tavern, i. 42. 
 Yseult, la belle, ii. 115. 
 
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