STATE OF CALIFORNIA EARL WARREN. Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES WARREN T. HANNUM. Director DIVISION OF MINES FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 11 OLAF P. JENKINS, Chief kN FRANCISCO SPECIAL REPORT 35 OCTOBER 1953 TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS OF MADERA, FRESNO, AND TULARE COUNTIES. CALIFORNIA By KONRAD B. KHAUSKOPF Geological Survey. U. S. Department of the Interior Price $1.25 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of California, Davis Libraries http://archive.org/details/tungstendeposits35krau TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS OF MADERA, FRESNO, AND TULARE COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA* By Konrad B. Krauskopf *' OUTLINE OF REPORT Page Abstract ■ 3 introduction 4 'eology of the region, as exemplified in part of Fresno County 5 Metamorphic rocks (pre-Cretaeeous) 5 Intrusive igneous rocks (Jurassic?) 6 Structure 7 Metamorphic rocks 7 Intrusive rocks 7 Migmatite zones 7 Metamorphism 8 Nonealcareous rocks 8 Calcareous rocks 8 Tungsten deposits 8 Descriptions of tungsten properties 9 Strawberry mine 9 Garnet Dike mine 13 Consolidated Tungsten mine 14 Tulare County Tungsten mine 16 Tungstore and Wible mines 17 Illustrations Page 'late 1. Reconnaissance geologic map of parts of the Kaiser, Dinuba, Tehipite, and Mount Goddard quadrangles, Fresno County, California In pocket 2. Geologic map of the Clover Meadow-Granite Creek area, Madera County, California In pocket 3. Geologic map of the Strawberry mine area, Madera County, California In pocket 4. Geologic map and sections of the Garnet Dike mine and the Lime Ridge claim, Madera County, Cali- fornia In pocket figure 1. Index map showing location of Madera, Fresno, and Tulare Counties ; the Kaiser, Mount Goddard, Dinuba, and Tehipite quadrangles; and the area shown in plate 1 4 2. Index map of tungsten properties in Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties : 11 3. Map of valley of East Fork of Chiquito Creek, show- ing location of Sunnyside, Sunset, and Ghost Canyon claims 12 4a. Map and sections of Sunset claim 18 4b. Map and section of Sunnyside No. 2 claim 18 5. Map and section of Love and Ibbetson prospect (Central mine) 19 6. Map and sections of Jones mine 20 7. Sketch map of Mud Lake #7 claim 21 8. Sketch map of Jackpot mine 22 9. Section through Kings River mine 23 10. Plan and section of Traweek mine 24 11. Geologic map and section of Bill Waley tungsten deposit 25 12. Sketch map and section of Homer Ranch prospect — 26 13. Map and section of the South Side claim (Teaford mine; Fish Creek Mt. mine) 27 14. Plan and section, Strawberry No. 1 mine 28, 29 15. Plans and sections, south workings Strawberry No. 1 claim 30 16. Stope sections Strawberry No. 1 claim 31 17. Plane and section of Jimmy claim 32 18. Geologic map of Strawberry mine No. 4 claim 33 19. Sections C-C of Strawberry mine No. 4 claim 34 20. Plan and section of open cut, Strawberry mine No. 4 claim 35 21. Composite map of mine workings in Garnet Dike and Lime Ridge claim 36 22. Plan of 3115 adit and section E-E' through upper workings of the Garnet Dike mine 37 23. Plan and section of the middle workings, Garnet Dike mine 38 * Published by permission of the Director, U.S. Geological Survey. Manuscript submitted for publication April 1953. * Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey. Page Plan of open cut of lower workings and adit 2974 and section D-D' of the Garnet Dike mine 39 Plans of open cut of lower workings, 2931, 2944 adits, and plan of 2870 adit and 2886 tunnel 40 Plan and section of Lime Ridge claim 41 Geologic map of Consolidated Tungsten mine area__ 42 Plan level 1, and east stope 20' above, and section A-A', Consolidated Tungsten mine 43 Geologic map and sections of the Carruthers mine, Madera County, California 44, 45 Composite map of workings, Consolidated Tungsten mine 46 Projections of principal stopes, Consolidated Tung- sten mine 47 General geologic map of Tulare County Tungsten mine area 48 Geologic map Tulare County Tungsten mine area, outcrop map 49 Plan of adit, Tulare County Tungsten mine 50 Section H-H', Tulare County Tungsten mine 51 Section K-K', Tulare County Tungsten mine 52 Plans of open cut, Tulare County Tungsten mine 53 Star No. 1 claim and Bear Den claim 54 Ghost Canyon No. 4 claim 55 Ghost Canyon claim 56 Duck Pond claim and High Point claim 57 Geologic map and section A-A' of the Carruthers mine 58, 59 Section B-B' of the Carruthers mine 60 Geologic map of the Wisseman mine 61 Sections of Wisseman mine 62 Geologic sketch maps and sections of Garnet mine — 63 Geologic map, west workings of Tyler Creek mine — 64 Plan of adit, west workings of Tyler Creek mine — 65 Geologic map, east workings of Tyler Creek mine — 66 Plans of upper and lower level, east workings of Tyler Creek mine 67 Geologic map of Kern-Sierra mine area 68 Geologic map of Kern-Sierra mine 69 Plan of Sierra adit, Kern-Sierra mine 70 Section through Sierra adit, Kern-Sierra mine 71 ABSTRACT Small contact-metamorphic deposits of scheelite are widespread in the Sierra Nevada of Madera, Fresno, and Tulare Counties, Cali- fornia. The scheelite is disseminated through tactite masses de- veloped along and near contacts between altered limestone and intrusive rock. The usual associates of the scheelite are garnet, diopside, epidote, wollastonite, pyrite, quartz and calcite. The altered limestones are part of a pre-Cretaceous metamorphic series that includes mica schist, mica hornfels, quartzite, amphibolite, and serpentine. These rocks occur as xenoliths and roof pendants in the Sierra Nevada batholith. Structurally they are characterized by steep dips, predominant northwest strikes, close folds, and scarcity of conspicuous faults. Their alteration was accomplished by thermal metamorphism associated with the intrusive rocks, superposed on an earlier dynamic metamorphism. The Sierra Nevada batholith in this area consists of many separate intrusives differing slightly in age and ranging in composition from gabbro to granite. Parts of some of the intrusives contain metamor- phic material in various stages of assimilation. Limestone masses in these migmatite areas are the site of much of the tungsten minerali- zation. The total tungsten production from the three counties to the end of 1945 was about 126,000 units of W0 3 (1 unit = 20 lb of WOs), of which more than 90 percent came from five mines — Strawberry in Madera County ; Garnet Dike in Fresno County ; and Consolidated Tungsten, Tulare County Tungsten, and Tungstore in Tulare County. The Tungstore mine operated continuously from 1932 to 1942 ; most of the production from the others, and from nearly all the smaller properties as well, dates from 1941 or later. Estimated reserves at the five principal mines amount to about 93,000 units, which is approxi- mately 56 percent of the total estimated reserves of 167,000 units for known deposits in the three counties. Most of the mines had shut Figure 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34a. 34b. 34c. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. (3) Special Report 35 down by September 1940, only Tulare County Tungsten, Consoli- dated Tungsten, Strawberry, Garnet Dike, and three small prop- erties in Tulare County remain in operation. Tbe surface exposures have been well prospected and most of the accessible deposits have been exploited. Without exception the de- posits appear to be small and discontinuous. Some future production is to be expected, from the four principal mines still in operation and from a few of the smaller properties. Figure 1. Index map showing location of Madera, Fresno, and Tulare Counties; the Kaiser, Mount Goddard, Dinuba, and Tehipite quadrangles ; and the area shown in plate 1. INTRODUCTION Fresno, Madera, and Tulare Counties in east-central California each extend from the Great Valley eastward to the crest of the Sierra Nevada. Madera County includes the southern part of Yosemite National Park, and Tulare County includes the whole of Sequoia National Park. The Great Valley portion of each county is traversed by many highways and by the Southern Pacific and Santa Fe railroads. The foothills are readily accessible from the valley by secondary roads. Only a few roads pene- trate the high mountains, and no road crosses the range in this area. Elevations range from a few hundred feet in the valley to more than 14,000 feet in the mountains. In general the mountain and foothill topography is fairly rugged, but there are considerable areas of gently rolling upland surfaces at moderate altitudes. At low altitudes outcrops are largely concealed by grass and chaparral except for excellent exposures in steep-walled river valleys. At inter- mediate altitudes a heavy forest cover hides outcrops over large areas. Above 8,000 feet exposures are uni- formly good. Precipitation, except for summer thundershowers the mountains, is limited to the period from Novemb' to May. Snow is an obstacle to surface mining only ab(r 5,000 feet ; in normal years the working season at 6,0( feet is about 8 months ; at 8,000 feet about 5 month In late summer scarcity of water becomes a serious pro lem for mines at low elevations away from the ma streams. Field work on the tungsten deposits of this region w carried on intermittently between 1941 and 1945 1 geologists of the U. S. Geological Survey as a part the war-time strategic minerals program. In 1941 D. 1 Lemmon and D. G. Wyant mapped the Tungstore (Jai Ranch ) mine in Tulare County and visited several pro erties in Fresno County. In the summer of 1942 Wya and M. P. Erickson mapped most of the known tungst* deposits in Madera County, while K. B. Krauskopf mai an areal geologic map of part of Fresno County. In 19 Krauskopf and R. Stopper spent nearly 2 months exai ining properties in Fresno, Tulare, and Kern Countif Krauskopf revisited the area in the spring of 1944 examine newly discovered properties and to record c velopments at older mines. Finally, in the summer 1945, Krauskopf spent nearly 2 months mapping t Strawberry mine in Madera County and checking rece work at other mines. The results of these investigatio: have been used in compiling this report. The writer is grateful to the many residents and mi: owners of the region who furnished valuable informatin regarding the tungsten properties. Special thanks a; due to D. M. Lemmon of the Geological Survey for hei and advice in all stages of the field work and in prepari:; the report. The tungsten mineralization on the west slope of ti Sierra Nevada has been known since World War I, b: little ore was mined before 1932, when production start! at the Tungstore mine. The Garnet Dike mine begi operating in 1936, and all other properties began in 19. or later. Most of the properties had a very brief prodv- tion history, all but seven shutting down by Septemb 1945. The total production for the three counties \*3 about 126,000 units of W0 3 (1 unit = 20 lb of Wd and the total reserves at known deposits are estimatl to be about 167,000 units. Previous geologic mapping in this area is recorded i the following papers : Knopf, A., and Thelen, P., The geology of Mineral King, CV- fornia : Univ. California, Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull. 4, pp. 2- 262, 1905. Cloos, E., Structural survey of the granodiorite south of Maripo:: Am. Jour. Sci., vol. 223, pp. 289-304, 1932. Mayo, E. B., Some intrusions and their wall rocks in the Sie i Nevada : Jour. Geology, vol. 43, pp. 673-689, 1935. Cloos, E., Der Sierra-Nevada Pluton in Californien : Neues Jar buch, Beilage Band 76, Abt. B, pp. 355-450, 1936. Mayo, E. B., Sierra Nevada pluton and crustal movement: Jo. Geology, vol. 45, pp. 169-192, 1937. Durrell, C, Metamorphism in the southern Sierra Nevada nor- east of Visalia : Univ. California, Dept. Geol. Sci., Bull. , pp. 1-118, 1940. MacDonald, G. A., Geology of the western Sierra Nevada betwi the Kings and San Joaquin Rivers: Univ. California, D< • Geol. Sci., Bull. 26, pp. 215-286, 1941. Durrell, C, Geology of the Sierra Nevada northeast of Vis.. . Tulare Countv, California ; California Jour. Mines and GeoK Rept. 39. pp. 153-168, 1943. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties Tungsten deposits are described in the following pub- ations : Little, J. M., Geology of Welsh Tungsten deposits and Ghost Canyon claims, Madera County, California : California Jour. Mines and Geology Rept. 38, pp. 291-302, 1942. Jenkins, W. O., Tungsten deposits northeast of Visalia, Cali- fornia : California Jour. Mines and Geology Rept. 39, pp. 169- 182, 1943. GEOLOGY OF THE REGION, AS EXEMPLIFIED IN PART OF FRESNO COUNTY Examination of numerous mine areas, together with idy of published data and with casual observations mg the roads, gave sufficient acquaintenance with the nonal geology to permit a generalization that in the dn features of their rocks and structures Madera, esno, and Tulare Counties are similar. Inasmuch as no itematic study of the geology of the three counties was dertaken, therefore, the geologic setting of the tungsten posits will be presented by describing the geology of ? part, a section of Fresno County that was mapped in tonnaissance fashion. This area is believed to provide air sample of the mountains of the three-county area. The oldest rocks in this part of the Sierra Nevada belong a metamorphic series present only in isolated patches. e largest and most continuous areas of metamorphic ks are in the foothill belt. The series includes meta- rphic equivalents of common sedimentary and volcanic ks, together with minor amounts of intrusive material, irce fossils suggest a Triassic age for at least part of ■ series. Schistosity and bedding in the larger meta- rphic bodies have a dominant northwest trend and ep dips; the most obvious structures are large, close ds. During the Nevadan orogeny these rocks were folded 1 intruded by a number of igneous bodies which to- ner make up the "Sierra Nevada batholith." The rusives include small mafic bodies, primarily gabbro, 1 larger felsic masses that range in composition from irtz diorite to granite. Contact relationships indicate t the separate intrusives are not very different in age, t the sequence of intrusives is in general from mafic to >ic, and that the intrusives are older and more mafic 'ard the western foothills. !ince the emplacement of the instrusives, the southern ■rra Nevada has been subjected to long erosion aud re- : ted uplift, to volcanic activity during the late Ceno- : : era, and to glaciation during the Pleistocene epoch. 'he area shown in plate 1 includes most of the tungsten ] losits of Fresno County ; it provides also an excellent > iple area to illustrate details of the geologic history ) lined in the preceding section. Previous published work J ring specifically on this area is limited to papers by ^yo 1 and MacDonald. 2 MacDonald's map of the south- f t corner of the area and his petrographic descriptions ] e been used freely in the preparation of this report. )ne especially noteworthy feature in Fresno County i tie clearness of the evidence for large-scale assimilation i hybridization by the intrusive rocks. Hybrid rocks J especially conspicuous in a zone 2 or 3 miles wide yo, E. B., Sierra Nevada pluton and crustal movement: Jour. Jeology, vol. 45, pp. 169-192, 1937. ! cDonald, G. A., Geology of the western Sierra Nevada between he Kings and San Joaquin Rivers: Univ. California, Dept. Geol. 3Ci., Bull. 26, pp. 215-286, 1941. extending from Tollhouse southeast to Converse Moun- tain, near the junction of the South and Middle Forks of the Kings River. The major part of the tungsten deposits of Fresno County are in this belt of hybrid rocks. Metamorphic Rocks (Pre-Cretaceous) Schist and Hornfels. Schist and hornfels derived from shale and siltstone are the most abundant metasedi- mentary rocks. They range in texture from well-foliated mica schists to fine-grained hornfelses with little or no orientation of mica flakes. Weathered outcrops are brown ; fresh surfaces are usually gray. The maximum grain size is about 0.02 inch, with some mica flakes a little larger. Quartz, in intergrown grains, is usually the most abund- ant constituent. Feldspar is present in small amount. Biotite is commonly in excess of muscovite, but in some specimens it is subordinate. Concentration of mica in certain layers produces a distinct lamination, probably representing original bedding, which is parallel to the foliation in all places observed. Quartzite. Tnterbedded with the schists are harder, unfoliated quartzites with only a trace of mica, probably derived from originally sandy beds. Quartzites in large masses nearly free of schist also occur; these are con- spicuous in the field for their light colors and abundant blocky talus. Some of the quartzite is notably coarse, with a grain size of 0.1 inch and more. In the large quartzite bodies most original structures are obliterated. Grada- tions between schist and quartzite, and the frequent inter- layering of the two, made it impossible to map all the units separately. Areas where schist and hornfels predominate are labeled "sh" on plate 1, and areas where quartzite predominates are labeled "q, " but both rock types are usually present. Metamorphosed Calcareous Rocks. Lime-rich rocks make up only a small percentage of the metasedimentary material, occurring as thin, discontinuous layers and lenses interbedded with both metasedimentary and meta- volcanic rocks. Only the larger of these bodies are shown on plate 1. The most abundant calcareous rock is coarse calcite marble, conspicuous in the field because of its characteristic light blue-gray outcrops. Shaly and dolo- mitic limestones have been altered to diopside-plagioclase, diopside-garnet, and diopside-tremolite rocks. The diop- side-bearing rocks may be almost any light hue, usually green where diopside is abundant. Mafic Metavolcanic Rocks. Metavolcanic rocks derived from basalts and mafic andesites occupy a large part of the southwest corner of the area and occur as occasional layers elsewhere; These are typically grayish-green horn- blende-plagioclase rocks ; their texture ranges from that of well-foliated hornblende schists to that of massive, fine-grained greenstones and coarser, poorly foliated amphibolites. Probably some were originally lava flows, and some were tuffs. MacDonald describes relict amyg- dules and relict phenocrysts in the less foliated varieties. Felsic Metavolcanic Rocks. White, more or less foli- ated metavolcanic rocks with quartz and muscovite as chief minerals occur as thin bands in both the metasedi- mentary and metavolcanic sequences. Their composition and occasional relict phenocrysts suggest that they were once rhyolites, but whether rhyolite flows or shallow in- trusive sheets remains an open question for most of them. Special Report 35 On Le Conte Divide in the northeast corner of the area metarhyolites make up most of the western edge of a large roof pendant. These are fine-grained, foliated, light-gray rocks with biotite in scattered flakes and in little eye- shaped aggregates flattened along the foliation planes. Some layers have numerous relict phenocrysts of quartz and feldspar. With the metarhyolites are interbedded darker biotite-hornblende-feldspar schists, probably de- rivatives of more mafic lavas and tuffs. Serpentine. MacDonald regards the serpentine body in the southwest corner of the area as a composite sill about 1| miles thick. Metamorphism of the serpentine, which he describes in detail, has resulted in secondary oli- vine and in talc-tremolite and tremolite-clinochlore rocks. Metagabbro and Metadolerite. Coarse metagabbro and metadolerite are found with both the amphibolites and the serpentine. Typically they consist of plagioclase studded with epidote and fibrous hornblende often clearly pseudo- morphous after pyroxene. These rocks are not mapped separately, but are included with the mafic metavolcanic rocks and the serpentine. They are especially common in the hills just south of the Kings River a few miles east of Piedra. Intrusive Igneous Rocks (Jurassic?) Gabbro. Hornblende gabbro occurs at several places in the southwest corner of the area, as a part of the large mafic mass near Sycamore Springs, and in small bodies elsewhere. Like most mafic intrusive bodies, all of these are exceedingly variable in texture and composition, but show little foliation or distinct banding. Typically the rock is dark, coarse-grained, with prominent skeleton crystals of hornblende. The feldspar is faintly zoned calcic plagioclase. Two or even three kinds of hornblende may be present, the earlier greenish brown, the later bright green and more fibrous. Augite is often present as cores in hornblende crystals, and hypersthene is a prom- inent constituent of the gabbro at Pine Ridge. Several bodies of coarse mafic quartz diorite 3 miles west of Dinkey Meadow and just east of White Deer Flat were also mapped as gabbro. The presence of labradorite cores in andesine and of pyroxene relics in hornblende suggest that these rocks were once true gabbros. Likewise, the mafic material in the migmatite east of Miningtown Meadow may represent an intermediate stage in the con- version of gabbro to quartz diorite. Diorite. The bodies mapped as diorite are medium to fairly fine-grained intrusive rocks with 20 to 40 percent dark minerals. In outcrops, these rocks can be recognized from a distance because they are slightly darker and more reddish than adjacent granodiorites. The chief constitu- ents are andesine and hornblende, the latter in slender subhedral prisms from 0.1 to 0.2 inch long. Biotite is usu- ally present, orthoclase rarely. Quartz is seldom present, although exceptional specimens contain 15 percent. The diorites are largely unfoliated. Some are uniform in texture and composition, whereas others have the vari- ability, the prominent banding, the numerous dikes and dark inclusions that characterize the migmatite zones of the granodiorite. Diorites showing this variabilty are especially common along the Kings River. At least one mass appears to grade into the main migmatite zone of the granodiorite, and it is possible that some of the d- rites are merely mafic facies of the migmatite. Hornblende-Biotite Granodiorite. Granodiorite sees the best general name for the intrusive rock that underl j by far the largest part of the area. Typically the rcc contains 20 to 30 percent quartz, plagioclase in excess f orthoclase, and both hornblende and biotite. In so;; places, especially toward the southwest, the rock contais so little orthoclase that quartz diorite would be a mo accurate name. Several textural and mineralogical variants are discei- ible, but their boundaries were not mapped. Only one si- division is attempted, into the "Helms Meadow" ty; northeast of a line between Dogtooth Peak and Cas; Peak, and the ' ' Dinkey Creek ' ' type southwest of this lii . Some pairs of specimens would be hard to distinguish, fct in general the "Helms Meadow" type is lighter in col , more felsic, has a lower hornblende-biotite ratio, and 3 somewhat porphyritic. Foliation due to orientation f mafic minerals is common in the "Dinkey Creek" ty; but is local and faint in the other. Small dark inclusics are much more abundant in the "Dinkey Creek" ty| The boundary separating the two is distinct between Ca? Horn and Sand Meadows but less clear northwest al southeast of these points. Fine-Grained Biotite Granodiorite. On the noil border of the area are two patches of granodiorite d- tinguished from the adjacent rock by a uniformly smal'r grain size. In mineral composition it resembles t; "Helms Meadow" type of granodiorite, but the tol amount of mafic material is larger and the amount i hornblende smaller. The rock is unfoliated and has f<7 dikes or inclusions. Biotite-Hornblende Quartz Monzonite. The Mud La; claims (39, on pi. 1) and the ridge to the east of thu are underlain by a quartz monzonite similar to the biot; granodiorite just described, except for larger percental of potash feldspar and hornblende. The potash feldspi, chiefly microcline and microperthite, occurs as inclusk- filled anhedra large enough to be phenocrysts but lacki ? a euhedral shape. At its west end this intrusive is filll with xenoliths of metamorphic rock ; where the xenolits are abundant the intrusive is coarse and mafic. A rock of similar mineral composition but of differet texture makes up part of the felsic material in the m - matite tongue east of Miningtown Meadow. This is* porphyritic rock with phenocrysts of plagioclase in* fine-grained groundmass of quartz and orthoclase. Aplitic Biotite Quartz Monzonite. Fine-grain d quartz monzonite with 25 to 35 percent quartz and 1<> than 5 percent mafic material makes up the intrusi\> of Bald Mountain, Eagle Peak, and Castle Peak, as wl as many smaller intrusives that are not mapped sep rately. Since these intrusives are petrographically simil' to aplite dikes in the granodiorites, and since they eo - monly have gradational contacts with the granodiorit, it seems probable that they are late differentiates of ts larger intrusives. Biotite Granite. True granite was found only in t> two intrusives immediately northeast and south of t; Dinkey Creek roof pendant. These are both light-colon, Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties irse-grained rocks with no foliation and very few inelu- •ns. The southern granite, is nonporphyritic, has little >tite and no hornblende, and contains pink garnet ' a prominent accessory. In contrast, the northern lanite has numerous small phenocrysts of potash feld- kr, more biotite, a little hornblende, and pink garnet Jly locally. Structure I tamorphic Rocks Most of the bodies of metamorphic rock are completely -rounded by granitic material. Even the large masses i the southwest corner as they extend beyond the limits : the map are hemmed in by intrusives, except possibly t)se whose western contacts are concealed by Cenozoic •lata. In accordance with custom the larger of such tiies are called roof pendants and the smaller ones laoliths, although for many of these bodies a clear dis- t ction is not possible. A third type of metamorphic body in adjacent parts t the Sierra Nevada has been described, 3 a sheetlike, [continuous septum, extending thousands of feet ver- bally downward into the batholith, often separating finitie rocks of slightly different composition and age. 1 good examples of septa were found in the mapped lia, although some of the metamorphic masses suggest ts form. The patch of schist and quartzite at the east tl of Rodgers Ridge is the nearest approach; it is ire than 8 miles long, less than a mile in maximum \ ( lth, exposed through a vertical range of 2,000 feet, 8|I it separates slightly different varieties of granodi- cte. The mass of schist on Loper Peak, together with sail bodies to the northwest, may be remnants of a stum along the boundary between the "Helms Jadow" type and the "Dinkey Creek" type of gran- dorite; but if so, the septum appears to have been c completely through by the deep canyon of the North Irk. The slender southward extension of the large meta- rrphic body on upper Dinkey Creek, separating gran- o orite from granite, also has the form of a small septum. !Fhe original structure of the metamorphic rocks is dicult to determine because of the limited number of crops, the absence of marker beds, and the complex d ormation and extensive recrystallization of the rocks. 1? foliation is parallel to the bedding wherever both e 1 be observed, and in general, both trend northwest a I dip steeply. Ill-defined reversals of dip hint that |{?e close folds are major elements of structure. Dips i metavolcanic rocks on either side of the serpentine by north of Piedra led MacDonald 4 to postulate a s. cline trending N. 20° W. and plunging steeply south - e tward. This would mean that the metavolcanics- are ynger than the schists farther east. The bend in the hestone beds around the mouth of the North Fork of t Kings River suggests an anticline, also trending N. 2 W. but plunging northwestward. i usive Rocks 'he granitic rocks are a part of the mosaic of intru- s is that make up the Sierra Nevada batholith. As ' yo, E: B., 1937, op. cit. ; Knopf, A., A geologic reconnaissance of !ie Inyo Range and the eastern slope of the southern Sierra •Jevada: U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 110, 1918 ; Bateman, P., | lersonal communication. 1 cit. pointed out in other studies, 5 the separate intrusives differ slightly in composition but are petrographically and structurally related ; they differ somewhat in age, but probably all belong to the same intrusive period ; they show a general sequence from mafic to felsic both in space, from southwest to northeast, and in time, from earlier to later. The intrusive contacts suggest that the separate masses have vertical or outwardly flaring walls and uneven roofs. Contacts with metamorphic rocks are in part concordant and in part discordant. Contacts between different intru- sives are most commonly sharp but in places are grada- tional. The small gabbro and diorite bodies, for example, have well-defined borders except for local intrusive brec- cias and contacts of the two granite masses were sharp wherever observed. Boundaries of the aplitic quartz mon- zonites, and the division between the "Helms Meadow" and "Dinkey Creek" types of granodiorite, on the other hand, are in part distinct and in part transitional ; such a combination of contacts is usually interpreted to mean so slight an aire difference that the earlier mass had not completely solidified before it was intruded by the later one. Platy foliation, defined by orientation of minerals and inclusions and less commonly by schlieren, is the most conspicuous internal structure in the intrusive rocks. Such foliation is practically limited to the two types of hornblende-biotite granodiorite. Even in these it is seldom prominent, and over considerable areas, especially in the "Helms Meadow" type of granodiorite, there is no obvi- ous mineral orientation. Near large bodies of metamorphic rocks the foliation swings into rough parallelism with the contacts, but foliation is frequently at an angle to smaller bodies of metamorphic rocks. Approximate parallelism between foliation in the intrusive rocks and in adjacent metamorphic rocks is the general rule, even a + ' ' jcordant contacts, but there are many exceptions. Migmatite Zones Hybrid rocks formed by intimate mixing of granitic and metamorphic material make up large areas of several intrusives. These are mainly migmatites, but also include small zones of injection gneiss and intrusive breccia along contacts. The migmatite areas are of particular interest since nearly all of the tungsten deposits in Fresno County are associated with them. The large migmatite zones are characterized by varia- bility in the granitic rock, by abundant xeiioliths of recog- nizably metamorphic origin, by much dark material of less certain origin, by numerous aplite and pegmatite dikes, and often by a coarse banding of light and dark material which from a distance resembles sedimentary bedding. The inclusions show every gradation of texture from well-foliated schist to rocks resembling fine-grained diorite ; their borders against granitic rocks are in part sharp, in part hazy ; they are intersected by numerous branching dikelets. Locally foliation in the migmatite is conspicuous, and is defined by mineral orientation and by orientation or streaking out of small inclusions. Dikes and 6 Knopf and Thelen, op. cit. ; CIoos, E., op. cit. ; Knopf, A., The Mother Lode system of California: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 157, 1929; Calkins, F. C, in Matthes, F. E., Geologic history of the Yosemite Valley: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 160, 1930 ; Knopf, A., A geologic reconnaissance of the Inyo Range and the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 110, 1918. Special Report 35 larger xenoliths in part lie along the foliation, in part dis- regard it. Large areas in the migmatite zones have no apparent foliation. Migmatite zones are found in the "Dinkey Creek" type of granodiorite, in biotite quartz monzonite, and in some of the diorite intrusives. The largest migmatite zone is a belt of varying width extending southeastward from Toll- house on the west border of the area to Converse Mountain on the south border, following the principal metamorphic contact of the "Dinkey Creek" type of granodiorite. The transition northeastward into homogeneous granodiorite is marked along much of the belt by a line of bold cliffs that are prominent landmarks in the field. The tongues of granitic rock extending south from the main migmatite belt have considerable migmatite along their borders, apparently continuous with that of the main belt. Small areas of migmatite are found to the north — in Mud Lake Valley, southeast of Dinkey Meadow, and northeast of Miningtown Meadow. Metamorphism Noncalcareous Rocks The clastic metasedimentary rocks and metavolcanic rocks show the effects of widespread thermal metamor- phism superposed on an earlier dynamothermal altera- tion. The first period of metamorphism produced well- foliated mica and hornblende schists ; the second partly obliterated the schist osity and caused an increase in grain size, especially near intrusive contacts. Mineralogical changes produced by the two periods of alteration cannot be rigorously separated, but the later thermal metamor- phism is probably responsible for the local appearance of andalusite, garnet, diopside and poikilitic magnetite in schist and of late pyroxene in amphibolite. Metamorphic rocks near some intrusive contacts show the mechanical and chemical effects of addition of mate- rial from the granitic rocks. Schists have been altered to banded rocks, with feldspar and hornblende as new min- erals ; locally the schist is sufficiently coarsened to obscure the contact. The effects of additive metamorphism are especially prominent in the migmatite zones, where tran- sitions can be followed through various xenoliths from nearly unaltered schists to coarser, slightly foliated rocks with metacrysts of feldspar and hornblende, and finally to rocks with the appearance of fine diorite. With this chemical reeonstitution of the metamorphic rock goes mechanical fragmentation by the penetration of dikes and stringers along cracks and foliation planes. The contacts between intrusive rocks and quartzite or siliceous hornfelses are sharper and show less evidence of assimilation. Calcareous Rocks Effects of thermal and dynamic metamorphism on the calcareous rocks are in general not separable, but effects of additive metamorphism are often conspicuous. Where little material has been added, limy beds have been altered to coarse marble, diopside-plagioclase rocks, diopside- garnet rocks, or tremolite rocks, depending on their origi- nal composition. Additive metamorphism at intrusive con- tacts results in a coarse-grained tactite containing deep brown garnet, epidote, diopside, and quartz and more rarely wollastonite, tremolite, hornblende, scheelite, and various sulfides. At some contacts a band of light-colored silicates (wollastonite, tremolite, idocrase, light garnet) separates marble from the dark garnet-epidote-diopsu mixture near the intrusive. Additive metamorphism is extensive in marble xen liths of the migmatite zones, some small xenoliths beii completely converted to tactite. Borders of the xenolit are sometimes ill-defined, the tactite grading into diopskl epidote-plagioclase rock and this into dark hornblend plagioclase rock. The surrounding igneous rock may unusually rich in hornblende for some distance from t • xenolith. All stages in the making over of marble incli sions are beautifully shown in the migmatite at the W(f end of Mud Lake Valley. A cogent reason for assuming extensive assimilation i the migmatite zones is the fact that marble, while maki r up only a small percentage of the total metamorphic n- terial, is a prominent rock in the migmatite areas. Of 1 the metamorphic rocks, marble has a composition mit different from that of the intrusives, hence should be m't difficult to make over or assimilate. While schist, amph- olite, and to a lesser extent -quartzite have been largn- incorporated into the intrusive, numerous marble fri- ments remain in all stages of alteration. Granitization on at least a small scale seems the mt reasonable interpretation for rocks in the migmatite zo ', but data at hand are not sufficient to determine the :- tent to which the process has operated. It may well e that some or even most of the dark fragments wh ambiguous textures and compositions represent earlr mafic intrusives rather than made-over schists ad marbles. On the other hand, it is not impossible that soae of the masses labeled "diorite" are simply migmatitesn which mixing and assimilation have been nearly or q\;e completed. TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS The tungsten deposits of the western Sierra Nevada *e nearly all concentrations of scheelite in tactite. The Uw "tactite" is used here for any lime-silicate rock forr:d by the addition of material from hot solutions to lie- rich beds. The most common variety is a fine- to mediin- grained garnet-pyroxene rock with various amounts)! quartz, calcite, epidote, amphibole, wollastonite, and il fides. This rock grades into massive garnet-pyrox< e- quartz mixtures, epidote-calcite rock, calcite-wollastoi e, and garnet-wollastonite rocks. Scheelite is found in ill varieties, but is most abundant in garnet-pyroxene ad quartz-pyroxene rocks. It occurs most commonly as sb- hedral crystals, whose maximum length is about an hh ; few of the crystals contain inclusions or show embaeu edges. Scheelite in the garnet-rich tactite occurs as "P disseminated grains which fluoresce yellow, while thai), quartz-rich rocks is in larger crystals which fluoresce u- ish-white or a mixture of bluish-white and yellow; ut there are many exceptions to this rule. Metallic mineib occurring with scheelite include pyrite, chalcopy te molybdenite and powellite ; less commonly arsenopytc. pyrrhotite and sphalerite are found. Where contact ila- tions are simple, molybdenite and powellite are genedb found closer to the intrusive than scheelite. Most tactite deposits are at or near the contact of a!- careous rocks with granodiorite or quartz monzortf Individual bodies range in size from continuous laBTS that can be followed for hundreds of feet to tiny podses- than a foot lonjr. Some bodies are isolated xenolh*. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 9 'hereas others are parts of larger xenoliths and roof commonly rich in scheelite. The best ore at the Tulare endants. Most of the tactite bodies are lenticular and the County Tungsten and Consolidated Tungsten mines is ^heelite within them is erratically distributed, so that in or near quartz-rich tactite. On the other hand, large >w ore bodies have much lateral or vertical persistence. masses of quartz at the Consolidated mine are entirely [ Scheelite in significant amounts is limited to the tactite barren. odies and to quartz veinlets and pockets associated with Tn summa field relations suggest tlie foilowing gen . wtite A few isolated crystals are found in schist or e ralizations regarding tactite and scheelite formation in ranodiorite near tactite, but practicallv none are found + i.- ,„_„+..„„ q;»™.„ a^^u* n\T *•* ■ * a u 4.u ,, , ,, ,'• i ci Ai i i j /. j the western Sierra deposits: (1) Tactite is formed bv the l unaltered marble or lime horntels. At clearlv denned -«„/»+;,«, „t u„+ „^i„+;„„„ e ' • • i- • i. ,,,,.. ,. .. , , , ,., •. reaction of liot solutions from an intrusive on lime-rich larble-tactite-granodionte contacts, scheelite is gener- „„„i,_ ro\ a„\* n Aii* •„ e „ a -*u ^ * t c ^ ., - , ^ . ■ ,, 4. « .1 . .-, B -v. rocks. (2) Scheelite is formed with the tactite, from the lly more abundant m the parts ot the tactite near the „„™„ u„/ „„i„ +• v * -u i-* j u.- j.- li 4.u • • +u A • * • i same hot solutions; but scheelite deposition continues larble than in those near the intrusive rock. ,. „ ,. ».. ,, e ,. „ . ,. * ,, , . . ... Tn, . „n . .-4. •, , ,-. • -, -. for a time after the formation ot tactite, the late scheelite The amount of tactite and scheelite in anv one deposit , • , .4. -, » .,. . , . ,.- ' ._. „. , eems to depend verv little on the nature of the intruded **?* de P 0S1 + ted f / om sdlc ? ™ h solutions. (3) The depo- ock, as long as enough lime is present ; sizeable deposits f°? of ****** from sol f ] on » localued by the shape ;re found in dolomitic and shalv limestones as well as in °* the C °f™\* y ZOne * ° f ™f™y and shearing by ! ,ure calcite marbles. Nor does the kind of intrusive rock dlk ? s ' and b ^ the more fav01> able nature of certain host ppear to have much influence, since good deposits are ound at contacts of quartz monzonites and quartz diorites DESCRIPTIONS OF TUNGSTEN PROPERTIES nd rocks of all the intervening compositions : the intru- . ., , .., , _ ive rock frequently has the variable composition and All known tungsten occurrences in Madera, Fresno, exture and the numerous dark inclusions that character- and Tular e Counties are listed alphabetically in tables je migmatites. No true granite was found adjacent to }> 2 - . and 3 > respectively with available information on ungsten deposits, but granite makes up only a tiny part location, ownership, geology, workings, and production, f the intrusive rocks in these counties. The important deposits are described more fully m the The localization of tactite and scheelite bodies appears following pages. The locations of all occurrences are be controlled by favorable host rocks in contact with, or shown on th V" de f, ma P n "' 2 >- Most of the de Pf. lts ecessible to, hot solutions from favorable intrusives, and ?' ere exanimed b - y the Geological Survey ; sources of ni- nth suitable structural environment. Economic concen- formation regarding the others are given in the tables, rations of scheelite occur only in lime-rich rocks. Acces- Total production of W0 3 to the end of 1945 was ap- ibility of the host rocks to mineralizing solutions deter- proximately 126,000 units (1 unit = 20 lb of W0 3 ), nines the location of the ore bodies that are found in divided among the three counties as follows: ones of fracturing and bending of limestone beds near Madera County 21,000 units ontacts, in pre-mineral shears, in certain favorable beds, Fresno County 10,700 units ,nd along intrusive dikes and quartz veins. The struc- Tulare County __. 04,300 units ural environment is varied, but the best ore is found in „ . , 1oe Ann , , , ' -, . Total 126,000 units raetured zones where beds are cut oft by intrusive rock. The influence of fracturing is shown at the Garnet Five major mines with an output of 116,000 units of )ike mine, where little ore is found along a nearly con- WO ;i were responsible for 92 percent of the total pro- ordant contact, whereas sizeable bodies are found where duction. These were the Strawberry mine in Madera he intrusive cuts across distorted bedding and where County, the Garnet Dike mine in Fresno County, and raetured blocks of marble are isolated in the intrusive. the Tungstore, Consolidated Tungsten, and Tulare The Strawberry mine is similar in having its best ore in County Tungsten mines in Tulare County, uglily fractured zones near intrusive contacts. At some Estimated reserves of indicated and inferred ore mailer deposits, however, the ore bodies occur in undis- averaging more than 0.5 percent WO, at the five prin- urbed layers parallel to nearby intrusive contacts. The eipal mines tota] 9300() units ' Reserves of all other mines nfmence of pre-mineral shearing is clearest at the Con- are estimated at 74,000 units, giving a total for the three lohdated Tungsten mine, in which three ore shoots have counties' of about 167,000 units, ormed in a wide shear zone transecting a marble mass. Jontrol of emplacement by shearing is not conspicuous Strawberry Mine ■lsewhere, but the evidence for it may be obscured by The Strawberrv mine is about 2 miles north-northwest •ecrystallization. The control of ore distribution by f Clover Meadow, in the south-central part of the Mount differences in the original composition of beds is appar- T jVe ll quadrangle (Ni sec. 36, T. 4 S., R. 24E., Mount 'lit at most of the deposits, the tactite extending farther Diablo base and meridian). It is reached bv 31 miles 'way from igneous contacts along the more favorable f f a j r mountain road from Bass Lake, which is about >eds. Localization of tactite and ore near dikes is promi- 70 m ji es by paved highway northeast of Fresno, lent at the Garnet Dike mine, where ore follows flat peg- m , . . ...^ , e „ nnn P , Al , matite-aplite dikes into marble away from the main ^ mine 1S at an altltude of 7 ' 2 + ?° f e f »??<* * e J". oad intact. A similar but less conspicuous effect of dikes is }? the t mi " e ,^ osses J a P f SS mor ^ ^ J 8 ' 000 . f ? et hl "' h - )bservable at the Strawberry mine and at some smaller Snow b ! ock ^ the road and seriously hinders mining oper- ^roperties. The influence of quartz veins is not altogether atl0ns for , 6 m ? nths of the >' ear - ^ n attem Pt ™™A? dear. In some places quartz masses associated with tactite J° keep the mine open through the winter of 1943-44, ire barren, whereas elsewhere quartz may be rich ore. bnt the °P eratlon was costly. At the Strawberry mine, where some granodiorite dikes Workings consist of four open cuts, adits and drifts ?rade into quartz, the quartz and adjacent tactite are totaling about 550 feet, and several small stopes. 10 Special Report 35 The original claims were located by J. E. Cobb and J. A. McDougald in 1941, and were leased to Haggerty and Madden, operating under the name of the Northum- berland Mining Company. Production was continuous from June 1943 to November 1944 and was resumed in July 1945. Several other tungsten claims ( Jimmie, Cloverleaf Nos. 1 and 2, Hilltop, and Cobb) have been located near the Strawberry mine, but only the Jimmie claim has pro- duced ore. The mill in 1945 could handle 30 to 35 tons of ore daily when in continuous operation. About 60 percent of the scheelite was recovered on tables ; table tailings were reground and treated in flotation cells, which gave tailings containing an average of 0.2 percent WO3. Con- centrates from the tables went to a magnetic separator that raised the WO3 content to about 60 percent; the final mill product was then sent to the Twining Labora- tories in Fresno for additional treatment. Flotation con- centrates, containing about 30 percent W0 3 , were like- wise sent to Twining. Some of the richer tailings from earlier operations were milled with ore from the mine in 1945. Geology. The mine and adjacent claims are near the north end of a "large pendant of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks that extends for an unknown distance southward beyond Clover Meadow. Intrusive rocks embay the pendant and cut it in innumerable dikes too small to show on the scale of plate 2. Except where locally con- cealed by basalt and glacial debris, exposures of the older rocks are excellent. The metamorphic rocks south of Granite Creek, con- sisting chiefly of fine-grained quartz and feldspar, with streaks and small lenses of biotite, are interpreted as metamorphosed siliceous tuffs and lavas. These rocks are intricately dissected by dikes and irregular masses of aplite and alaskite. Because of similarity in composition, distinction between the metavolcanic rocks and the in- trusives is difficult wherever foliation is faint in the metamorphic rocks. They were not mapped separately and are shown as ' ' aplite-metarhyolite-migmatite ' ' on the general geologic map (pi. 2). North of Granite Creek the commonest metamorphic rocks are fine-grained quartzite, siliceous hornfels, and quartz-sericite schist. Interbedded with these are discon- tinuous layers and lenses of biotite schist and lime-sili- cate hornfels. The latter is normally a fine-grained green- ish-gray rock with rough and fluted surfaces where weathered ; it is changed to a great variety of garnet- pyroxene-wollastonite-calcite rocks near intrusive con- tacts. Pure calcite limestone or marble is scarce, appear- ing only in thin layers and lenses ; it is most abundant at the Strawberry No. 4 claim. The south-to-north change from metavolcanic to metasedimentary rocks is not as abrupt as it appears on the map ; it probably represents a facies change from dominantly tuffaceous sediments to dominantly sandy, clayey, and limy material. The intrusive rocks are grouped as granodiorite, includ- ing hornblende-biotite granodiorite and fine-grained bio- tite granodiorite ; migmatite, chiefly granodiorite with abundant dark xenoliths, but including also dark, struc- tureless intrusive rocks with the composition of diorite or mafic quartz diorite ; and aplite, including not only true aplite but alaskite and a little pegmatite. This division gives an inadequate picture of the actual multiplicity of intrusive types, and the sharp boundaries shown on the map are a great simplification of the frequently complex or gradational contacts. The sequence of intrusives is migmatite-granodiorite-aplite, but the times of intrusion were probably not far apart. No evidence was found that any one intrusive is more closely associated with tungsten mineralization than another. Tungsten Properties shown on figure 2. Madera County 1. Thousand Islands Lake 16. War Baby 2. Shadow Creek 17. Tin Bucket No. 2 claim 3. Beasore claims 18. Victory group 4. Bull of the Woods Nos. 19. Lucky Day No. 1 claim 1, 2, 3 claims 20. Love and Ibbetson prospec 5. Jimmie claim 21. Washington No. 3 claim 6. Strawberry mine 22. I.X.L. claim 7. Cloverleaf Nos. 1 and 2 23. Victory mine claims 24. Jones mine 8. Cobb claim 25. Black Eagle claim 9. Hilltop claim 26. Church Ranch prospects 10. Ghost Canyon claims 27. Wisseman mine 11. Church and Jones prospect 28. Carruthers mine 12. Yellow Jacket prospects 29. Welsh Ranch prospects 13. Sunset and Sunnyside 30. Hughes claim No. 2 claims 31. Lone Pine No. 2 claim 14. Red Lily claims 32. South Side claim 15. Fleming 33. Mt. Tungsten prospect Fresno County 34. Prior Lake claim 35. Question claim 36. Twin Lakes occurrences 37. Emerald Peak claims 38. Garnet mine 39. Mud Lake claims 40. Dinkey Creek mine 41. Little Uncle claim 42. Homer's Tungsten-quartz claim 43. We Hope claims 44. Victory mine 45. Big Oak 46. Three Buddies claim 47. Home Front prospect 48. Jackpot mine 49. Adrian Alexander 50. Rabbit's Foot mine 51. Ground Hog 52. Benson-McMurtry mine 53. Lone Pine claim 54. Benson-McMurtry claim 55. Ridge Prospect 56. Toprock claim 57. Terrill prospect 58. Poor Man claims 59. Kings River Tungsten min 60. Balch claims 61. Spanish Peak claim 62. "Wet Spot" prospect 63. Quigley Kings River mine 64. Quigley mine 65. Lime Ridge claim 66. Garnet Dike 67. Indian Springs claim 68. Converse Creek 69. Occurrences on South Fork of Kings River 70. Traweek mine 71. Fulgham prospect 72. Lone Pine Nos. 1, 2, 3 claims 73. Dixie Queen 74. Hurley Tulare County 75. Bill Waley Indian 92. Allotment 93. 76. Consolidated Tungsten 94. mine 77. Barrington prospect 95. 78. Cutler prospect 96. 79. Redwood Canyon claims 97. 80. Eshom Creek 98. 81. Kaweah River mine 99. 82. Kaweah Molybdenum 100. Mining Co. 101. 83. Homer Ranch 84. Davis Ranch 102. 85. Sequoia National Park 103. 86. Alice Homer prospect 104. 87. Mineral King 105. 88. Carter 106. 89. Eagle claim 107. 90. Grey Fox 108. 91. Royal Tungsten 109. Martin claims Baty mine Tulare County Tungsten mine Herbert and Crabb Big Mack Tule Indian Reservation Sunnyside Nos. 1-6 group Carver Kern River claims Brush Creek Nos. 1-4 claims Blue Ridge claim Tyler Creek mine Kern-Sierra mine White River Lode mine Indian mine Wible mine Tungstore mine Anita May Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 11 EXPLANATION • Tungsten mines that produced more than 6000 units of WO3 before 1946 O Tungsten deposits with some production but less than 6000 units before 1946 X Tungsten occurrences from which there V, was no production before 1946 ^-36 c Figuke 2. Index map of tungsten properties in Madera, Fresno, and Tulare Counties. 12 Special Report 35 Foliation in the metamorphic rocks trends dominantly northward in the central part of the area, diverging to the northwest oh the west side of the pendant and to the north- east on the east side. Foliation dips steeply in both direc- tions, generally eastward on the east side and westward on the west side of the pendant: In general, foliation par- allels bedding ; but in schist west of Strawberry No. 4 claim, foliation cuts the bedding at a high angle; and in lime hornfels near intrusive contacts extreme deformation may give banding in directions unrelated to original beds. The foliation in migmatite is commonly about parallel to that in adjacent schist, but in the Strawberry No. 1 claim they intersect at a high angle. Tungsten Deposits. Scheelite-bearing tactite occurs sporadically in several lime-hornfels layers in the vicinity of the Strawberry mine. The CToverleaf claims west of the west fork of Granite Creek are located on a small body of tactite in one lime-hornfels layer ; the Strawberry No. 1 claim and the Jimmie claim are on larger bodies of tactite east of the west fork of Granite Creek in a second hornfels layer near a migmatite contact ; and the Strawberry No. 4 claim is farther southeast in a third layer. The Hilltop claim, located on tiny pockets of tactite in a fourth layer, is the easternmost occurrence of ore. The Cobb claim is in a small lens of limy rocks south of the Hilltop claim, but no scheelite was observed. The tungsten-bearing tactite occurs in the hornfels, either at intrusive contacts or along certain beds of the hornfels near contacts. Locally the tactite cuts across beds in irregular masses and stringers. Several varieties of tactite can be distinguished. A common sequence near a contact, apparently representing progressive metamorphism, is ( 1 ) normal lime hornfels ; (2) fine-grained garnet^pyroxene-calcite rock in light pas- tel shades; (3) dark green pyroxene-epidote rock; (4) dark pyroxene-garnet-quartz rock. Most of the scheelite is in the fourth type, but locally some appears in the sec- ond and third. The distribution of scheelite in the tactite is erratic, but ore is often richest near small dikes cutting tactite. Most of these dikes have various textures and com- positions, a single dike showing normal granodiorite, ap- life or pegmatite, and even quartz. Tactite within a few inches from an intrusive contact is generally barren, but locally scheelite appears in quartz veinlets cutting grano- diorite and even as crystals in the granodiorite itself. Scheelite, occurs mostly in small crystals less than -^ inch in diameter, but some crystals as much as 2 inches long are found. Some crystals fluoresce yellow, some white; a large crystal often shows both colors. Sulfides commonly present with scheelite are pyrite and black sphalerite ; ehaleopyrite and pyrrhotite are rare. Molyb- denite appears locally close to intrusive contacts. Three principal ore bodies have been explored at the north end of the No. 1 claim (pi. 3) : (1) In the "main workings" ore follows a lime hornfels bed for 80 feet from the migmatite contact. The ore averaged about 2 percent W0 3 over a 12-foot width for nearly 50 feet downward from the surface. A southward extension of the ore body seems unlikely, since on both underground levels the tac- tite grows thin and lean in that direction, and since the shallow open cut 200 feet south along the strike of the bed (pi. 3) exposes only barren tactite. (2) In the open cut east of the main workings a pocket of rich ore (4 percent W0 3 ) was found at the migmatite contact. Here the qranodiartfe achat limestone t&cTite *vi£h Figure 3. Map of valley of East Pork of Chiquito Creek, showini location of Sunnyside, Sunset, and Ghost Canyon claims. (Repro (lilted from California Jour. Mines and Geology, vol. 38, nos. 3 and .'/ p. 296, 1942.) Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 13 etamorphic rocks are crumpled and broken, in contrast i the regular bedding at the main workings. The ore dy was apparently cut off by a flat granodiorite dike; ere is some indication of a downward extension below e dike, but it has not been adequately explored. (3) In e caved adit running southeast from a point near the aft (main workings) an ore body was found on the igmatite contact approximately beneath the entrance the open cut. The adit caved before the ore was com- etely removed and before its possible downward exten- di was tested. At the south end of the No. 1 claim (pis. 3 and 4) scheel- i occurs in a tactite bed that may be a continuation of the ne hornfels in the open cut southeast of the main work- gs. The tactite is cut by granodiorite dikes, but there is i exposed contact with a major intrusive body as there at the north end. The ore averaged 1 percent W0 3 over 5- or 6-foot width but was discontinuous and pinched it about 15 feet below the surface. There is some chance at the small body at the south end continues downward. Small outcrops of scheelite-bearing tactite elsewhere on e No. 1 claim give little promise of important produc- bn. On the No. 4 claim, assays of ore from the tactite out- ops at the northeast end of the deposit averaged about 7 percent WO3, but recovery from ore mined in the lall open cut was only 0.3 percent to 0.4 percent W0 3 . tider ultraviolet light most of the ore at the south end ipeared to be slightly poorer, perhaps 0.5 percent. Ex- oration was not sufficient to test the downward extent the ore bodies, but it seems probably that several thou- nd tons of 0.5 to 0.7 percent ore is present. Jimmie Claim. The Jimmie claim is about 800 feet irthwest of the main workings of the Strawberry mine. re was taken from it by the Ward brothers at intervals iring 1943 and 1944 and milled at the Walker Mines )mpany mill, about 9 miles west. Workings consisted of a shallow pit in tactite at the ntact between migmatite and a small xenolith made up iefly of lime hornfels. Exposures in 1945 were not fficient to clarify relations of the tactite to the contact id to bedding in the hornfels. A little ore containing 3 4 percent W0 3 was exposed on the north wall of the t, and 300 to 400 tons of ore of this grade is said to have ■en removed. Only a few tens of tons of ore remained in e walls of the pit ; whether ore continues downward •neath the floor of the pit was impossible to judge, be- use the floor was covered w'th debris. Garnet. Dike Mine The Garnet Dike mine is on the steep slope of the Kings iver Canyon, about a mile north of the river and 8 miles 3t of the mouth of the North Fork (NE} sec. 22, T. 12 S., 27 E., Mount Diablo base and meridian), at an alti- de of 2,800 feet. It is reached by 10 miles of fair moun- in road from the mouth of the North Fork, which is 55 iles by a winding surfaced road from Fresno. Workings in 1945 consisted of three open cuts, a few lall exploratory pits, and underground development, eluding adits and drifts totaling nearly 1,000 feet, lises totaling 250 feet, and several stopes. Ore was car- ed to the mill by a 400-foot aerial tram. A steep tractor »ad a quarter of a mile long connected the mine and mill. Owners are G. A., C. H., and M. R. Sheridan and Mr. and Mrs. D. Bennett. The Sheridans and Bennetts com- menced work at the mine in 1936, but only a few tons of concentrate was shipped before 1941. Operation has been fairly continuous since January 1941. Several other tungsten properties are located within a few miles of the Garnet Dike mine, and three of them have produced ore (Quigley, Quigley Kings River, and Lime Ridge mines). The mill was capable of handling 25 tons of ore per day. The mill feed averaged 0.7 to 1.0 percent W0 3 ; after milling, it was concentrated on a single table to about 55 percent W0 3 and sent to the Twining Laboratories in Fresno for further treatment. Tailings were not saved. Production was 6,653 units of W0 3 to the end of 1945. Geology. The Garnet Dike deposit lies at the northern tip of a northwest-trending belt of marble more than a mile long and a quarter of a mile wide. Bedding is nearly vertical and strikes about N. 30° W. except at the north end, where the beds turn gradually until at the mine the dominant strike is N. 50° E. and the dip is steep south- ward. The metamorphic rock consists chiefly of coarse marble, with tactite appearing in a thin discontinuous layer along its west margin and in larger masses at its north end. A little mica hornfels and lime-silicate horn- fels appear in the mine workings. The intrusive rock surrounding the marble is chiefly unfoliated hornblende-biotite granodiorite. Locally the rock is migmatitic ; most of the material mapped as ' ' mica hornfels" is so full of granodiorite patches and stringers that it might equally well be called migmatite. Both in- trusive and metamorphic rocks are cut by numerous dikes of aplite and pegmatite. The larger dikes are flat or dip at low angles eastward and consist of alternate layers of aplite, alaskite, and pegmatite. The western contact of the marble dips at moderate to steep angles southeast ; the eastern contact dips steeply eastward. Both contacts are irregular at the mine, al- though south of the mine they appear to be fairly straight. Tungsten Deposits. Scheelite-bearing tactite occurs at the north tip of the belt of marble and at points along the northwest contact where marble beds are broken and blocks of marble are engulfed by the intrusive. In gen- eral the main northwest contact is barren or has a layer of tactite only an inch or so thick. Surface exposures of tactite along the eastern contact are largely barren, but underground workings indicate that some good ore is present. Tactite at the north tip of the marble is explored by the upper workings and the eastern part of the middle work- ings. The ore appears to be localized by nearly horizontal dikes of pegmatite and aplite, which consist chiefly of quartz, feldspar, and biotite, with thin layers of different textures. Typically a dike is flanked above and below by quartz-garnet rock that grades into tactite. Large masses of tactite follow the dikes away from the main grano- diorite contact, appearing to thicken where the dikes bend. Ore in the upper workings is associated with arches in three dikes; the body explored in 1945 in the middle workings is under a broad arch in a lower dike. In the lower workings and in the open cut in the middle workings tactite appears to have formed around blocks of marble isolated from the main body. Small pegmatite 14 Special Report 35 dikes cut both workings, but relations of ore to dikes are not as clear as in the upper workings. Control of tactite formation by original differences in beds in the marble is slight. Only locally in the upper and middle workings does tactite spread appreciably far- ther from a dike in one bed than in another. No evidence was found that faults or shear zones play an important part in ore localization ; except for one conspicuous fault in the lower workings, all faults mapped have small dis- placements. Some minor faults and joints have been wid- ened by solution, and fine material along them is locally rich in scheelite ; but this is more probably a result of later mechanical concentration than of original deposition. The tactite is a mixture of garnet, pyroxene, epidote, quartz, and calcite. Some of the best ore is in massive pyroxene or pyroxene-quartz rock. Small amounts of py- rite, molybdenite and chalcopyrite appear locally ; the lat- ter is especially abundant in the lower workings. Most of the scheelite occurs as disseminated grains less than Vi6 inch in diameter, but occasional crystals are as much as 2 inches long. Most of the scheelite fluoresces bluish white, but some of the fine grains fluoresce yellow. As a rule the small yellow-fluorescing grains are more common in the part of the tactite near a granodiorite or pegmatite con- tact, whereas the white-fluorescing grains are more com- mon near a marble contact. In the upper workings, .practically all the ore above the adit level has been removed, except small blocks that can- not be mined without fear of caving. In the ore that re- mains the scheelite crystals are platy and show a conspic- uous alignment of their long dimensions parallel with bedding planes. In the middle workings, nearly all the ore has been removed from the open cut down to the adit level ; this ore was of fairly low grade, averaging not more than 0.5 per- cent WO s . A large body of tactite ore in the east part of the middle workings was being mined in 1945. The raise to the upper workings is said to be in good ore most of the way. Drill holes into the floor of the room at the east end of the middle workings are said to have cut 30 feet of ore. Exploration in a solution cavern near the east end of the workings shows that additional ore is present at the con- tact of the marble body for at least 100 feet from the northern tip. This ore may be continuous with the ore in the small pit just south of the upper workings. Ore taken from these workings averaged about 1 percent WO3. The lower workings contained the richest ore in the mine, but detailed exploration has failed to reveal an ex- tension of the ore body. Three adits have been driven be- hind the face of the cut, the main marble-granodiorite contact has been followed by raises and winzes, and nu- merous drill holes have explored the rock on all sides of the adits. The only hole that encountered ore was one driven 30 feet beyond the end of the upper (2974) adit; this ore may be a downward continuation of ore in the open cut of the middle workings. Possible downward con- tinuation of ore beneath the floor of the lower workings has not been tested, but tactite on the floor is said to be lean. The only ore still available in the lower workings is a block containing about 1,000 units on the west side of the cut. Quigley Mine. The Quigley mine, owned by Clarence Quijrley, is near the Kings River, about a mile southwest of the Garnet Dike mine. Workings consist of two open cuts in a steep slope and several small pits. The ore was in a small marble lens at the end of a schist tongue extern ing into migmatitic granodiorite. The marble contaii pockets and stringers of tactite, mostly barren but wit local small concentrations of scheelite. No specimens wei found with more than 1 percent W0 3 , but pockets of rich* ore are said to have been mined out. When the mine m in operation (1941) ore was hauled to a small mill on th river. Production was about 500 units of W0 3 . Quigley Kings River Mine. The name "Kings Rive Mine" is applied both to the Houghton brothers propert and to this mine ; it is also used as a general term for sei eral properties owned by Clarence Quigley near the Gai net Dike mine. Similarly the term "Quigley Mine" has variety of meanings, although it is used most commonl for the mine just described (64). To avoid confusion th Quigley Kings River mine (63) is locally referred to i the ' ' Beziuk ' ' mine, after one of the lessees. The mine consists of an open cut in the steep wall of small canyon, directly opposite the Garnet Dike working The cut is at the base of a tactite xenolith about 200 by 8 feet, elongated upslope (N. 40° W.). Near the top of th xenolith is a flat pegmatite dike, probably a continuatio of one of those cutting the Garnet Dike contact. Evidentl the good ore was just under this dike. A small block c good ore (2 percent W0 3 ) remains at the base of the ci and a little just above the dike, but otherwise the reman- ing tactite averages less than 0.3 percent WO3. The mine was operated in 1941 and early 1942. Or was hauled by aerial tram to a 25-ton mill. In 1943 seA eral thousand pounds of concentrate was recovered froi material blasted into the canyon in the earlier operatior Total production was about 600 units of W0 3 . Lime Ridge Claim. The Lime Ridge claim is part the "Quigley Kings River Mine" organized in 1943 b the Quigley brothers and R. Beziuk. Ore from it wa taken across the canyon to the original Quigley King River mill on the "Beziuk" property (63). The mine, consisting of an open cut, two small adit; and several small stopes, is developed along the sam granodiorite-marble contact that is exposed at the Game Dike mine. The contact here trends a little east of nort and dips gently eastward under the marble. Tactit developed along the contact averages less than a foot i: thickness but contains 0.3 to 0.7 percent W0 3 . The prin cipal ore body was deposited in the acute angle forme* by the intersection of a flat pegmatite dike with th granodiorite-marble contact. The ore pinched out at th east end of the workings, where the pegmatite is bordere* by granodiorite on both sides. The ore sent to the mil is said to have averaged about 0.7 percent W0 3 . Mining was abandoned in early 1945, when the bes ore was exhausted and caving made the stopes dangerous Possibilities of finding additional ore have not been full; tested. Production was about 400 units of WO3. Consolidated Tungsten Mine The Consolidated Tungsten mine is near the east en< of Drum Valley, in the southeast part of the Dinuh quadrangle (near the center of sec. 11, T. 15 S., R. 26 E Mount Diablo base and meridian), at an altitude 2,100 feet. It is reached by 31 miles of paved road fron Visalia and by 24 miles of paved road from Dinuba. Th mill is 2£ miles southeast of the mine, near the moutl of Slickrock Canyon. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 15 "Workings include nearly 1,700 feet of adits and drifts i three levels, raises and winzes totaling more than 300 M, a large open cut, and several stopes. The upper 1 1 of the workings is largely caved. The deposit was leased (under the name of Harrell ill mine) in 1941 from the Harrell Brothers ranch by L Parlier Prospecting Company (Glenn Henry, Tyler ,ck, W. C. McRae, Ted Woolley, and C. A. Parlier) i the Dinuba Mines Company (Bruce MacDonald) until \ irch 1943, then to the Consolidated Tungsten Company. lis company has had several changes in ownership ; ? active members in 1945 were J. Spittler and T. Hazel- l. Locally the mine is referred to as the Drum Valley i ne. Only one other important tungsten deposit has been and in the vicinity, the Bill Waley" mine about a mile I the north. The mill was capable of handling 30 tons per day, but operation was discontinuous. The ore was treated on Dies that gave concentrates of about 50 percent W0 3 ;d tails between 0.2 and 0.7 percent. The grade of ore ried considerably, but probably the general average ■ s between 1 and 2 percent WO3. Production was about ,000 units of W0 3 to the end of 1945. Geology. The mine workings explore tactite along the 1 itacts of an irregular body of lime-rich rocks enclosed i granodiorite. The metamorphic body contains two 1 irble remnants, the larger elongated roughly northwest, > smaller approximately north. The metamorphic rocks 1 iy be connected with a large body of schist and hornfels lit extends along the ridgetop for an undetermined utance westward. Bedding in the larger mass of marble ; proximately parallels the prevailing northwest trend 1 foliation in the schist, but the strike shows much ' nation near the contacts ; bedding in the smaller ] rble body is at right angles to the prevailing trend. large outcrop of white quartz borders the small body < the east. The granodiorite is faifly mafic with no ] mounced foliation ; on the ridge southeast of the mine i s an aplitic rock with small clusters of radially oriented 1 phibole needles. The larger mass of marble has approximately vertical « itacts for at least 160 feet beneath the surface, but ] rble in the smaller body gives way to tactite and lime 1 -nfels wifhin 100 feet of the surface. The hornfels is a 1 ht brown, intimately brecciated rock with local patches < massive garnet and coarse calcite. "What becomes of f; big quartz body below the outcrop is not clear; as nosed in the open cut the lower contact of the quartz i approximately horizontal, and workings beneath the < ;crop encounter little massive quartz. However, small ] ?kets and veinlets of quartz are common in the under- f >und workings and much of the tactite is rich in quartz. iupergene solutions have widened cracks in the marble fissures and caverns, some of them filled with reddish idual clay. The clay, especially prominent in the upper rkings, contains angular fragments of marble and tac- ! and locally considerable concentrations of scheelite. Tungsten Deposits. Scheelite-bearing tactite is devel- 1 ;d principally in a thick vertical sheet trending ap- ] >ximately N. 10° E., along the east border of the large i rble body and the west border of the small marble body. • other thick belt of ore lay along the south border of the small body. Large masses of tactite exposed at the surface east of the small body and in the underground workings beneath the small body contain only traces of scheelite. Surface outcrops and underground workings show tactite on all sides of the large marble body but the tactite is thin and practically barren of scheelite except on the east side. Small patches of ore are exposed in the trench at the north tip of the small body and in a shallow cut 250 feet north- east. Tactite locally follows bedding planes for short dis- tances away from the principal ore zones. Definite shear zones are not conspicuous, but the bending of marble beds near the principal tactite zone and local brecciation and streaking of the tactite suggest that original deposition may have been controlled by a shear zone. Several varieties of tactite can be distinguished : mas- sive garnet rock with pockets of big epidote and pyroxene crystals and traces of scheelite, common only near and under the small marble body ; fine sugary quartz-calcite- pyrite and quartz-pyrite-wollastonite rock, abundant in the northwest part of the lowermost workings (level 3) ; quartz-pyroxene rock with arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite, associated with scheelite ore but not itself good ore ; ordi- nary garnet-pyroxene-quartz-calcite tactite, with or with- out scheelite ; quartz-rich tactite, ranging to almost pure quartz with scattered scheelite crystals. The quartz-rich tactite is the richest ore. Scheelite occurs both as small disseminated crystals and as large crystals up to an inch long. Larger crystals of remarkably clear scheelite are said to have been found in a rich pocket near the entrance to the upper workings (level 1). Fine-grained scheelite scattered through garnet- pyroxene tactite fluoresces pale yellow ; both fine- and coarse-grained scheelite in the quartz-rich material fluo- resces white to bluish-white. The large scheelite crystals and the best ore are in parts of the tactite near marble rather than near granodiorite. The mode of occurrence of the scheelite suggests that it was in part formed with the tactite, in part deposited later from silica-rich solutions. Four ore shoots can be distinguished, adjacent shoots being separated by low-grade ore. Ore shoot I lay along the west border of the small marble body and was explored by the northern part of the original upper workings. It contained a small pocket from which $100,000 worth of ore is said to have come. The shoot extended from the surface downward about 25 feet below the upper level, where it ended in brecciated tactite and hornfels. Northward it was followed for 50 feet beyond the original portal ; southward the ore became low- grade near the branch tunnel on the upper level. The ore was as much as 10 feet thick ; it included much f ragmental scheelite in residual clay as well as scheelite in tactite. The ore has been completely removed and even the outlines of the shoot have been obliterated by caving. Ore shoot II was explored by the eastern branch of the upper adit (level 1) and the open cut immediately above. The shoot ended in barren tactite at the east end of the open pit, about even with the east margin of the large quartz mass. A possible downward extension of the shoot was not adequately tested, but most probably it ended in hornfels and barren tactite within 30 feet of the upper level, as did ore shoot I. Ore above the upper level has been completely removed and the workings have caved. The ore was of lower grade than that in ore shoot I, probably aver- aging not more than 1.5 percent WO3. 16 Special Report 35 Ore shoot III was chiefly in the tactite between the two marble remnants, parallel to and about 30 feet west of the south end of ore shoot I. It was explored by means of the large room 250 feet from the portal of the middle level (level 2). The shoot extended above level 1, where the ore became thin and fairly low-grade, and downward for about 45 feet below level 2. At the north wall of the largeToom the shoot was cut off by granodiorite ; it extended south- ward from this point about 60 feet, reaching a maximum thickness of about 15 feet. Most of the ore has been re- moved, although sizable blocks remain on the ceiling of the large room and along the winze to level 3. The ore probably averaged between 2 and 3 percent WO3. Ore shoot IV was in the same general plane as ore shoot III but farther south, along the east border of the larger marble remnant. It was explored by the second room on the middle level, by extensive stopes above this level, and by a stope above level 3. The shoot was 60 feet long and had a maximum width of about 10 feet. Exploration in stopes above level 1 was hindered by the presence of large caverns with loose rock, but the ore is said to have grown thinner and poorer. The floor of level 3 is said to have been in good ore, so the shoot may extend well below this level. The chief hope of future production depends on down- ward exploration in ore shoot IV, along the east border of the large marble body. No additional shoots are to be expected farther south, since ore shoot IV is near the southeast corner of the marble. Bill Waley Tungsten Deposit. The Bill Waley deposit (known locally as the Bill Waley Indian mine) is on Indian land near the east end of Drum Valley, about a mile north of the Consolidated Tungsten mine. The prop- erty has been known at various times as the Tom Cat claim and the JHB mine. In 1942 and 1943 it was leased and operated by Glenn Henry, W. T. Bloyd, and Tyler Jack, and for several months in 1944 by Glenn Henry alone. The mine is developed in a band of tactite along the south border of a marble xenolith, the tactite trending about eastward and dipping steeply northward under the marble. In 1943 an open trench extended along the tactite for a distance of 30 feet and a maximum depth of 20 feet. A short drift at each end of the trench explored the tactite further. The ore zone on the surface averages 3 feet in width for a length of about 75 feet, and contains about 1 percent WO3. A shaft sunk along the ore in the middle of the trench had reached a depth of 12 feet in 1943; ore continued to the bottom but grew rapidly thinner and lower in grade. Much of the ore consists of large crystals of scheelite scattered through epidote rock; some is finely disseminated scheelite in garnet rock. Tulare County Tungsten Mine The Tulare County Tungsten mine is about 4 miles northeast of Yokohl Valley, in the west central part of the Kaweah quadrangle (sec. 11, T. 19 S., R. 28 E., Mount Diablo base and meridian), at an altitude of 2,000 feet. No other deposit with appreciable amounts of tungsten has been found within at least 5 miles of the mine. The mine is reached by 25 miles of paved road and 1 mile of dirt road from Visalia. The mine and mill are connected by a steep dirt road about a mile long. The property is leased from Will Gill by B. P. Stowe, D. F. Lauricella, and H. V. Teale. It has been in opera- tion continuously since November 1942. In 1945 the work- ings consisted of an open pit about 100 feet deep, a branching adit totaling about 500 feet, and several shallc exploratory cuts. The mill normally handled about 40 tons of ore in 20-hour day, but could take as much as 80 tons of sol ore. The ore was concentrated on tables to about 60 pei cent WO :< and was further concentrated with a magneti separator. The ore ranged in grade from 0.2 percent WC to 1 percent or more. Tailings have been saved, but th grade has not been determined. Geology. The deposit is in tactite at the borders of th smaller of two marble masses, which are parts of a peru ant trending roughly northwest. The second marble mas is southeast of the mine ; elsewhere to the northwest c the mine the pendant consists chiefly of mica schist an quartzite. Beds in the metamorphic rocks have a dom nant northwest strike and vertical to steeply westwar dips, although there is considerable variation near th mine. A fairly mafic granodiorite without conspicuous folk tion bounds the pendant on the northeast and southwes Dikes and tongues of granodiorite embay the met* morphic rocks from each side. At the mine the easter intrusive contact appears to be vertical or to dip steepl westward ; elsewhere exposures are insufficient to giv reliable dips for the contacts. Brecciation in tactite and schist near the mine and th apparent abrupt changes from marble to quartzite alon the strike suggest that the metamorphic rocks are cut b ; faults, but no clearly defined fault lines were determinec Tungsten Deposits. Tactite, which nearly surround the small marble mass just west of the mine, spreads 01; toward the mine into a body 150 feet or more in diametei Most of the tactite is barren or nearly so ; extensiv exploration by trenches and small pits has revealed no on bodies worth developing except the one at the mine. Ej posures are so poor, however, that possibilities of findin other ore bodies are not exhausted. Ore at the mine forms a steeply dipping shoot in a angle between two granodiorite walls, one trendin roughly northwest and the other southwest. The wall have steep dips southwest and northwest, so that the or shoot rakes steeply westward. On the west side the shoe is limited by an isolated mass of schist. The grade of ore decreases rapidly south westward, th tactite in the exploratory cut southwest of the open pi being nearly barren. In 1945, ore had been complete! removed from the southwest side of the shoot in the uppe part of the pit, but at least several hundred tons remaine near the bottom of the pit. The northwest side of the shoe as exposed in the pit contained good ore, but continuatio of the ore northwestward had not been tested. It seem probable that a large block of ore remains here, but th ore cannot easily be tapped from the open pit withou danger of caving. Within the shoot the distribution of high-grade am low-grade ore has varied at different levels in the pi 1 Consistently the best ore (5 to 10 percent W0 3 ) ha been found in a strip 5 to 8 feet wide on the north wal Pockets of rich ore have been found against the north eastern granodiorite wall and less often along the soutl east wall. Ore in the corner of the shoqt between th granodiorite walls has been uniformly good, averagin about 1 percent WO3. Along the southeast wall a stri Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 17 i to 12 feet wide is barren or nearly so. The ore has erased 0.6 to 0.7 percent across a width of 30 to 40 j»t along each wall. I The adit below the pit encountered patches of good je near its end, and diamond-drill holes into its north- j»st wall cut 10 feet or more of 0.7 to 1.0 percent ore. js ore is found both in the adit and in the bottom of e pit, a block of several thousand tons should remain ove the adit level. Most of the ore is contained in a fine-grained, dark een, pyroxene-quartz-calcite tactite with or without '.met, in which scheelite occurs as small disseminated ains fluorescing yellow in ultraviolet light. Varieties J tactite rich in garnet have little or no scheelite. The diest ore is in a quartz-rich pyroxene tactite or porous anganese-stained pyroxene rock, in both of which the heelite occurs as large crystals fluorescing bluish-white. Minor shears cut tactite in the pit in several directions, it there is no evidence that they were important in ^alizing the ore. If premineral shears played a role ore deposition, evidence for them has been obscured. j seems most likely that tactite and ore were formed !iere granodiorite came in contact with bent and frac- ired marble beds, the ore solutions being concentrated an angle -between granodiorite walls. Probably the le-grained disseminated scheelite was formed with the ctite, while the richer ore was deposited a little later om silica-rich solutions. Tungstore and Wible Mines The Tungstore mine and the adjacent Wible mine are i the west flank of the Greenhorn Mountains near Posey. )sey is on the Jack Ranch, close to the boundary between em and Tulare Counties, and is 53 miles by a winding rfaced road from Bakersfield, Kern County. The de- bits are in sees. 31 and 32, T. 24 S., R. 31 E., on wooded, iil-covered hills 3,500 to 4,500 feet in altitude. The Tungstore mine, formerly known as the Kennedy ine, was operated from 1931 to 1942 and the Wible ine in 1938 and 1939, both by the Tungstore Mines )mpany (C. A. Rasmussen and W. A. Trout). Tailings om both mines were re-treated in 1942-44 by Krebs id Martin. Geology. In the vicinity of the tungsten deposits, a It of small, isolated bodies of metamorphosed sedimen- ry roeks has been irregularly invaded by granodiorite. lese bodies consist principally of interbedded schist, 'lartzite, and marble, which in general strike northwest id dip northeast. They may be the remnants of a for- erly continuous pendant of sedimentary rocks, and •obably none of them extends for any great distance neath the outcrop. Limestone in four of the small pendants has been placed by tactite, a dark silicate rock composed essen- llly of garnet, quartz, epidote, and amphibole. Two of e tactite masses contain ore bodies of scheelite. In areas tween and surrounding the ore bodies, exposures are >or and slopes are largely covered with soil and loose ck, in places as much as 10 feet thick. Tungstore Mine. In the Tungstore mine granodiorite is been complexly intruded into a pendant of tactite id schist that strikes northwest and dips steeply north- !st. Scheelite occurs in irregular bodies of tactite that is composed mainly of quartz, amphibole, garnet, and sulfide minerals. The ore bodies developed in the mine were of relatively high grade, their average content of WO3 being probably 1.0 to 2.0 percent. The principal opening of the mine is an open cut ap- proximately 80 feet deep, 200 feet long and 100 feet wide at the top, and 150 feet long and 15 feet wide at the bottom. A crosscut 420 feet long extends beneath the cut, with which it is connected by several raises. The under- ground workings also include 540 feet of drifts and cross- cuts and approximately 160 feet of raises. Before the open cut was dug the property was partly developed by two short adits and a shaft. Three ore zones are exposed in the cut : the main ore zone, occupying the axis of the cut ; a second zone, ex- tending from the southeast end of the main ore zone ; and a third zone that extends from the northwest end of the main zone. The main ore zone was approximately 170 feet long, 15 feet wide, and at least 80 feet deep, with a northwest strike and a dip ranging from 53° northeast to vertical. The zone ended downward in two prongs, one at each end of the pit. Only a small root of this zone extends to the level of the crosscut 50 feet beneath the bottom of the open cut. Ore extends upward from the crosscut to the southeast end of the open cut and continues up- ward behind the south wall of the cut for an unknown distance. In 1945 the underground workings did not extend beneath the west prong of the main ore body ; the depth of this prong beneath the surface workings is therefore unknown. The second zone, exposed by a ramp that slopes south- ward from inside the entrance to the cut, extends 65 feet northward from the southeast end of the main zone, but does not extend downward to the adit level. Its aver- age width where exposed is 19 feet. It contains small, rich lenses of scheelite. In 1945 no ore could be seen in the narrow third zone but some might possibly be de- veloped below the floor of the cut. WiMe Mine. The Wible mine is developed by an open cut 300 feet long and from 25 to 90 feet wide, with walls from 10 to 40 feet high. The three benches forming the cut are spaced at vertical intervals of 25 feet. Although the exact size and distribution of the ore bodies in the pit are unknown, the amount of ore taken out was small in proportion to the total amount of rock removed. The remnants of ore now exposed in the pit suggest that there were two or three distinct layers of ore separated by quartzite or granodiorite, and they may have been partly localized in the lower parts of pendants. The two main ore-bearing tactite bodies shown by an exposure in the west wall of the top bench and by a southeast bulge on the middle bench were formed by partial replacement of limestone beds 10 to 25 feet thick. The only ore in sight in 1943 was in the bed visible in the west wall of the top bench. This ore body, 2 to 8 feet wide, is exposed for a length of 50 feet and a depth of 20 feet. Although the ore bed narrows to 1 foot between the top and the intermediate bench, it widens again north- ward to 5 feet on the intermediate bench, indicating that the bottom of the ore zone pitches to the north. South of the open cut the bed is covered by 1 to 3 feet of over- burden and had not been prospected in 1943. 18 Special Report 35 o a e 3 m o a o 3 o £ 1- < 3 7- > < 3 _l X 111 § s 1 * s ? 4" ■c o ,'* h ^ jj - £ />i| T3 i 5 g-t H 03 i'r O e to la il a E 3 •a HldON 3081 E "- # ^" ^ V; C 3 OS 3 • Ed K s & g o Tungsten Deposits, Madeea, Fresno and Tulare Counties 19 \ i ' / EXPLANATION Shaft inaccessible in 1944; reported 50 feet deep in ore assaying 0.5-2.5 percent WOj ur^ LJ f w 7 /,* T h- I— /Qr rr o O S: z: / o hi /^ -> Uj rr / * % 1 CD u r~>V • : ' ,: ' ::, " :: " :> -t-> o CO '■£3 w at 3 i o 1 c cS O be H c Q. O T3 o, 'Id S 3 TO XS 3 ^ / +3 1 § 0) Q. Q. GO HiaoN 3nai o & J* Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 23 himon 3nyi -p T3 CD a , O _Q -t— > LD ~o CD ■*—> CL CD 5 B 5 J3 Ml 3 o O I 1 .-a $ ■*-- Si _l Q_ < 1 ■ H l CO X S e Ul * i £ 0) Ih Eh 0> bo «*-i c c T3 0) J-l 1 GEOLOGIC MAPS AND SECTIONS OF MAIN WOR N Figure 14. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 29 *"*•-< EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Tactite Under 0.5% of WO, Tactite With more than 0.5* WO, Aplite and alaskite Migmaute Granodiorite Mica schist and fine-grained quartxite Lime-silicate hornfels Contact, showing dip Dashed where inferred or approximate Probable contact Fault or prominent joint, showing dip Dashed where inferred Vertical fault or prominent joint Strike and dip of beds Strike of vertical beds Strike and dip of foliation Outline of workings Dashed wliere projected Portal of adit Head of shaft Vertical contact Foot of shaft Flat granodiorite dike ^■5-8 (I thick tuts tactile 5 It above level Mapped by Konrad B Krauskopf, September 1945 ERRY MINE NO. I CLAIM, MADERA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 30 Special Report 35 EXPLANATION L Alluvium and talus Quartz Taetite Containing 0:5% or more of WO, PLANS OF SOUTH WORKINGS STRAWBERRY MINE. NO. 1 CLAIM Projection of inclined raise ,~-r^. into bottom of open pit — (|>('|\ Taetite Containing less than 0.5% WO, '><*?*XJ East contact of wedge is 35° shear inear structure in mica schist plunges 60° S Granodiorite El Mica schist and fine-grained quartzite Lime-silicate hornfels Contact, showing dip Dashed where approximate or inferred Probable contact Fault, showing dip Dashed where inferred approximate Strike and dip of bedding Strike and dip of foliation Projection of mine wordings Dashed where projected Portal of adit Mapped by Konrad B. Krauskopf. September 1945 /\"1> UIV'V_/>V 4 "i Figure 15. Plans and sections, south workings Strawberry No. 1 claim. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 31 S. 10 E. MAIN WORKINGS Projected into vertical plane striking N. 10 W 10 bi. iow. v^ RESTORED SURFACE^^ 10 ' Fill 6 8 8 8 i * 12 8 6 Timbered 6 10 10 10 15 16 15 20 \ - 7220' \ 15 \ 20 25 Shaft 7200' - 71 SO' Numbers indicate approximate widths in feet Barren tactite capped by granodionte and quartz 15 20 15 -2% W0 3 for 15 ft, Ni 5E down from surface s. . S. 5 W. 15 20 8 - 73 20' tactite 7300' SOUTH WORKINGS Projected into vertical plane striking N. 5 E. Figxtre 16. Stope sections Strawberry No. 1 claim. 32 Special Report 35 SECTION EE ALT. 7176 FT 20 |_ 40' 60 .Feet _l EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Quartz Tactite Containing 0.5% or more of WO t ti Tactite Containing less than 0.5% WO, 1r=* Granodiorite Lime-silicate hornfels Contact, showing dip Daahed where inferred Vertical contact Strike and dip of bedding Mapped by Konrad B. Krauskopf, September 1945 Figure 17. Plan and section of Jimmy claim. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 33 Granodiorite Lime-silicate hornfels Include* some mica schist Marble Includes tome- lime-silicate hornfels Contact Dashed where approximate or inferred Strike and dip of beds Rim of open cut 120 Feet Mapped by D. G. Wyant and I. M. Wyant, August 1942 Additions by Konrad B. Krauskopf, September 1945 A Figure 18. Geologic map of Strawberry mine No. 4 claim. 34 Special Report 35 8- Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 35 0.7% W0 3 LEVEL MAP 17*5° EXPLANATION Alluvium Tactite with scheelite 0.5-0.7% WO s except where otherwise marked Wm0'y Tactite Containing less than 0.5% WO s '\/wlv| Granodiorite Small patches of ore 0,5% WO, Projection of face of cut Level of plan - v-7_?4-0 Avg. 0.7% W0 3 7220 SECTION DD NEAR FACE OF CUT, AND PROJECTION OF FACE Lime-silicate hornfels Includes some mica schist Contact Dashed where approximate or inferred ■^87 Strike and dip of bedding ■^90 Strike of vertical bedding 2^ 20 I iO 60 Feet Mapped by D. G. Wyant and I. M. Wyant, August 1942 Additions by Konrad B. KrauskopCSeptember 1945 Fiqube 20. Plan and section of open cut, Strawberry mine No. 4 claim. 36 Special Report 35 NOTE Portal of 2931 adit under overhanging cliff EXPLANATION Open cut Porta] of adit Contour interval l'o fret Datum m assumed sea level Projection of mine workings Foot of raise or win Head of raise or wir Inclined raise Arrows point down Figure 21. Composite map of mine workings in Garnet Dike and Lime Ridge claim. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 37 Filled raise to surface ^ in upper cut EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Tactite With more than o.t% WO, Tactite With lest than 0.5% WO, - peg v ''Vi' 1 Pegmatite Lime-silicate hornfels Marble Contact, showing dit Daah*d where inferred Strike and dip of bedding Fault, showing dip Portal of adit Head of raise or winze Foot of raise or winze Mapped by Konrad 6. Krauskopf, D. G. Wyant. and Robert Stopper, 1942-1945 Figure 22. Plan of 3115 adit and section E-E' through upper workings of the Garnet Dike mine. 38 Special Report 35 o s S <= ' s & $< E bo i> n Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 39 Horizontal drill holes N. 48° E. and N. 70° E. showed chiefly granodiorite and hornlels for 75 ft.^ ft. of 0.5% ore near floor Chiefly garnet-quartz-calute rock. Quartz-feldspar pegmatite just above map level. Small patches of ore near floor PLAN OF OPEN CUT OF LOWER WORKINGS AND 2974 ADIT SECTION DD THROUGH LOWER WORKINGS 2974 ADIT 'RAISE Y EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Tactite With more than 0.1% WO, Tactite Containing lea* than 0.5% WO, ^'/_ peg [l\ m" Pegmatite Mica hornfels '!■ Ql _>/,M J IV.'I I t.'-'VT , ?mm Marble J' Contact, showing dip Daahsd where approximate, or inferred -H Vertical contact Dashed where approximate or inferred Strike and dip of bedding _L Fault, showing dip Dashed where inferred or approximate Open cut ifc=3 Projection of underground workings Mapped by Konrad B. Krauskopf, D. G. Wyant, and Robert Stopper, 1942-1945 Figure 24. Plan of open cut of lower workings and adit 2974 and section D-D' of the Garnet Dike mine. 40 Special Report 35 EXPLANATION 60* \ -D' Small patches of ore on contact Raise X to surface ■ — Raise Z to 2944 adit Winze W to 2886 tunnel. Follows marb'e-granodiorite contact; cuts a few patches of ore PLAN OF OPEN CUT OF LOWER WORKINGS AND 2931 ADIT Alluvium and talus Tactite With more than 0.5% WO, Tactite With le.ss than 0..'i% WO, ~7 — 7 s - Pegmatite £|£2 Granodiorite Contact, showing dip Dashed where inferred Vertical contact Dashed where inferred Strike and dip of bedding >-. Fault Dashed where inferred - Filled raise to surface Some granodiorite and barren tactile Mica hornfels Tunnel rises 4 ft. 6 inches of IJiWOj n shear zone Raise Y to 2974 adit. y- granodiorite 10 ft. above ^50 then chiefly m.' i ind garnet-calcite rock Drill holes cut only marble hornfels, and nearly barren tactite :'A >'■ '• Marble Open cut Portal of adit Wmze Z to 2931 adit PLAN OF OPEN CUT OF LOWER WORKINGS AND 2944 ADIT APPROXIMATE MEAN DECLINATION, 1948 Projection of mine workings Head of raise or winze Foot of raise or winze Inclined raise Arrows point down _J I L_ Datum is assumed sen level Many xenohths and stringers of apltte and pegmatite PLAN OF 2870 ADIT AND 2886 TUNNEL 2886 TUNNEL A little tactite on contact - Mapped by Konrad B. Krauskor. D. G. Wyant, and Robert Stoppi 1942-1945 Figure 25. Plans of open cut of lower workings, 2931, 2944 adits, and plan of 2870 adit and 2886 tunnel. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 41 -a 1 a " e 3 > I o v ~ >|V E o -3 o c 2 £ •S o 1 £ ^ S=> \s o c cu r^, , & & cf >> ■aise f do,, -M 1 ■ c O h I I \l a 1 i "o \ X CO 2 1 X\ 5 i' i -a S o o o i £ fc o CO S ' £ JS7 a. - c\j 42 Special Report 35 Contour interval 20 feet Underground workings shown for level 2 only Figure 27. Geologic map of Consolidated Tungsten mine area. Contact -"■^ 70 Strike and dip of beds Strike of vertical beds o -,.'"n„. r Open cut and dump Projection of mine workings Head of raise or winze Geology and topography by Konrad B. Krauski and Robert Stopper, 1943-1945 Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 43 be f is- #1 i a ■SI » > 31 a 03 6 ^ ^ cc * I II 4 c ^ 6 < J« £j cS « S \ -7 \ 8£ ■ «fe • £& O — Si P?Kr — ? a o O «4 O LlJ CM > . w 111 | a. w i-> i/) >-< < u cnO %£ %■&. 44 Special Report 35 O i — < < _l 0. i f\ A UJ __ X 1- 2 < li. z 2 o UJ a: 7» 1- O O (/> u. t- O _i o ^ < III u CO 3 n 1- >-" 2 1- < O 2 (0 UJ 13 O Q. H && Tactite With more than 0.5% W0 3 \< Quartzite Mica schist and hornfels Contour Interval 100 feet Datum is assumed sea level Figure 32. General geologic map of Tulare County Tungsten mine area. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 49 EXPLANATION Tactite With more than- 0.5% WO s Marble K^p Tactite With less than 0.5% WO t Granodiorite 'Ml Quartz ite Contact Open cut Mica schist and hornfels 100 I 100 Road to mil 200 Feet J L. Contour interval 20 feet Mapped by D. G. Wyant and M. P. Erickson December 1942 Additions by Konrad B. Krauskopf, 1945-1946 Figure 33. Geologic map Tulare County Tungsten mine area, outcrop map. 50 Special Report 35 fc Raise up 20 ft. 3% ore at top and on sides near top. Soft Mn-stained proxene-ore, like ore -jn'bouom of open pit Small pockets'of ore- Up 7 ft.- sh ap Drill holes show about J5 of 0.5J6 ore behind wall. Good ore in floor Stringers of quartzite and tactite Up 7 ft, ■ Patches o-f good ore, Some big crystals of CaWO« sh 90 90 J tl v9 £5 itude of floor 1890 ft. 90 EXPLANATION 'ti 70„ 70* 65 l^eo soM ilT^/ti Altitude of floor 1885 ft. .Contacts irregular; no granodionte on roof SO Tactite Fault, showing dip With more than 0.5% WO t Tactite With less than 0.5% WO, E Aplite //hut- Granodiorite 7Z\ mm. 65 Contact, showing dip Dathod where approximate or inferred Portal of adit Mica schist and hornfels El Foot of raise Coarse garnet tactite with a few crystals of CaWO.* Altitude at portal 1881 ft. 40 40 Feet Mapped by D. G. Wyant and M. P. Erickson December 1942 Figure 34a. Plan of adit, Tulare County Tungsten mine. Additions by Konrad B. Krauskopf, 1945-19' j at' Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties EXPLANATION 51 Alluvium ti Mica schist and hornfels Tactite With lexs than 0.5% WO, Tactite With more than 0.5$, WO, ***** V**v x. -'■/■•/■■//■A Aplite 210 Quart z.ite Contact Dashed where approximate or inferred 2050, 200O 190 I9S0> Ian of adit 40 SECTION B-B J£_ 80 Feet _l Mapped by D. G. Wyant and M. P. Erickson December 1942 Additions by Konrad B. Krauskopf, 1945-1946 Figure 34b. Section H-H\ Tulare County Tungsten mine. 52 Special Report 35 EXPLANATION / Alluvium and talus Aplite Contact Dashed where approximately located Tactite With more than 0.5% WO t Granodiorite Fault Dashed where approximately located Tactite With less than 0.5% WO, 2050- 2000<- 1950 — i 1900- -- Plan 1 Plan 2 Plan 3 Plan of adit SECTION A-A 80 Feet Mapped by D. G. Wyant and M. P. Erickson December 1942 Additions by Konrad B. Krauskopf, 1945-1946 Figure 34c. Section K-K', Tulare County Tungsten mine. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 53 EXPLANATION Contact, showing dip Dashed uteri inferred or ..,., dmati Strike and dip of beds Fault, showing dip Duelled \rlicrv ivfrrrcd or approxiniati Open cut Projection of underground workings . ■ ■ ■■ ■ PLAN 3 ALTITUDE 1975 FEET Mapped by D. G. Wyant and M. P. Erickson, December 1942 Figure 35. Plans of open cut, Tulare County Tungsten mine. Additions by Konrad B Krauskopf, 1945-1946^ 54 Special Report 35 awl' B II I 1 X. DISCOVERY MONUMENT 9450 B-B' SECTION A-a' Wfe^f 9^- : &/: 94-00- "\>l P N /v> I T /. -^■^ ^/^c\<^': SECTION B-b' DISCOVERY MONUMENTX 9-450 SECTION A-A EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Tactite with scheelite Tactite N 1 Granodiorite Migmatite HJI Hi L Lime-silicate hornfels Marhle Contact Dashed where approximate or inferred 50 50 Datum is assumed sea /eve/ 100 Feet Strike and dip of banding in migmatite Figure 3(5. Star No. 1 claim and Bear Den claim. Brunton-tape maps by D. G. Wyant, M. P. Erickson, and I. M. Wyant, October 194^ Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 55 £1 o 1- < < _J a. X TO uvium and t; ite with sche o ei fU v 1 mHt? ■s +J c v. c O _Q — Q- c E c 0) o O Ld HiaoN anyi UJ > o o (/) o_, 5 e ^6 o QD I a © a 03 o o -a O I- w M 56 Special Report 35 Many quartz-scheelit' veinlets H inch to I inch wide S V EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Tactite with scheelite Tactite ia Schist Granodiorite Marble Contact Dashed where approximate or in/erred BB' Datum is assumed sea level AX Figure 38. Ghost Canyon claim. Brunton-tape maps by D. G. Wyant, M. P. Erickson, and I. M. Wyant. October 1942 Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 57 9450 9500 t-9450 SECTION A-A -17J*"-. EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Tactite with scheelite Tactite Migmatite Schist Marble Sv II S ^ i, 94-50 9450 Quartzite Contact, showing dip Dashed where approximate or inferred Strike and dip of beds SECTION A-A 50 o I i i . i I 5/U Feet Datum is assumed sea level Brunton-tape maps by D. G. Wyant, M. P. Erickson, and I. M. Wyant, October 1942 Figure 39. Duck Pond claim and High Point claim. 58 Special Report 35 TUNGSTEN T U N G S T E Figure 40. Geolofi Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties EXPLANATION 59 Alluvium Tactite O.S%-1.0% wo t tl Tactite o~o.s% wo, 2£k Granodiorite Quartzite Contact, dashed where inferred Strike and dip of bedding Open cut and dump Migmatite Schist Lime-silicate hornfelg Marble Fault Concealed Shaft ~ZZ> Projection of underground workings 100 -i 1 1 u 100 2O0 Feet Contour interval 20 feet 4-200 SECTION A-A of the Carruthers mine. Geology and topography by D. G. Wyant, and M. P. Erickson, 1942 Additions by Konrad B. Krauskopf, 1944 60 Special Report 35 z o < Z < _J 0- X p N « Of o 1 c OS O I s > 10 3 w Alluvium and talus Schist and hornfels k~,l yl frfT? Tactite Marble Granodiorite Quartzite Strike of vertical bedding '"//n\v Open cut and dump // "illWW //''////III I* V/////II" '''%f{!lill"\ *■"*•-, 60 l_ 60 _1_ Figure 45. Geologic map, west workings of Tyler Creek mine. Mapped by Robert Stof r, September 1943 Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 65 Interbedded quartzite, hornfels, and schist EXPLANATION Schist and hornfels V' To lower level 55 ft. below upper level •L'rJ-vVl- fcrk Tactite sheared PLAN OF LOWER LEVEL EXPLANATION Alluvium and talus Tactite Granodiorite msg i Schist and hornfels * -I ' Mv l Marble 75 Quartzite "uulm Schist and quartzite Contact, showing dip Vertical contact Strike and dip of bedding Portal of adit Head of raise or winze Foot of raise or winze TJJJSJL Inclined raise Arrows point down Thin lenses f quartzite Figure 48. Plans of upper and lower level, east workings of Tyler Creek mine. Mapped by Robert Stopper, September 1943 68 Special Report 35 Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties EXPLANATION 69 an Quartz diorite m Schist and quartzite Marble Include* tome wollattemite rock ''///i\\\ v Open cut and dump Projection of underground workings S^ / / / /////IIIIIIH» l Figure 50. Geologic map of Kern-Sierra mine. Mapped by Konrad B. Krauskopf and Robert Stopper, September 1943 70 Special Report 35 EXPLANATION Tactite with scheelite XXX qd XXX Quartz diorite a Schist and quartzite Marble Includes some wollastonite rock Contact Dashed where approximate or inferred Strike and dip of bedding Mapped by Konrad B. Krauskopf and Robert Stopper, September 1943 Figure 51. Plan of Sierra adit, Kern-Sierra mine. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 71 O h- < < _l Q_ X L±J o CJ) * E o a> a. £ ° ■o °° a) t; Q. a) TO O 21 or a u si CO J3 3 Ed as P 2 fa 72 Special Report 35 Table I.* Tungsten occurrences in Madera County, California. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings; remar) Beasore claims (3) Black Eagle claim (25) Bull of the Woods Nos. 1 , 2, 3 claims. (4) Carothers mine Carruthers mine (Carothers mine; Carru- thers Root;MaderaTung- sten, Inc.; Hogue Ranch; San Joaquin; Tungsten B claim) . (28) Carruthere-Root mine Central mine Church and Jones prospect (11) Church Ranch prospects (26) Cloverleaf Nos. 1 and 2 claims. (7) Cobb claim (Ward Brothers; Punjab) (8) Cobb mine Dorothy Ann claim Fish Creek Mountain mine. Fleming (15) Sec. 36, T. 3 S., R. 25 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. about 10,700 ft. Upper Iron Creek basin. Acces- sible by trail only. Center sec. 32, T. 7 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 4300 ft. Half mile of steep road from Teaford's Ranch. Sec. 24, T. 4 8., R. 24 E. Mt. Lyell quad. See Carruthers mine Sec. 10, T. 8 S., R. 24 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 4200 ft. Reached by fair graded road. See Carruthers mine See Love 4 Ibbetson prospect. Approx. center sec. 1, T. 5 S., R. 23 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. 8200 ft. On E. Fork, Chiquito Creek, 2 miles from road. Sees. 8 and 17, T. 8 8., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 2500 to 2700 ft. Ap- proximately 6 miles good road from North Fork. NWK sec. 36, T. 4 S., R. 24 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. about 7000 to 7200 ft. Half mile 8W. of Strawberry mine. Sec. 36. T. 4 S., R. 24 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. about 7050 ft. One mile SE. of Strawbenry mine and J4 mile S. of Hilltop claim. See Strawberry mine See Wisseman mine See South Side claim Sec. 7, T. 6 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Leased 1934 to Minaret Consolidated Mines Co. Otis Teaford, Chester Brumbaugh: worked 1944 by Bill Sheridan. Jess Ward G. R. Carruthers, Perry Root; operated by Car- ruthers alone in 1942; leased briefly by John F. Winters (North Fork Min'g. Co.) early 1943, by Budd Wheeler Ming. Co., 1943. Denver Church and Thomas Jones. Denver Church L. D. Cobb, H. E. Black J. E. Cobb Calif. Inst. Tech. Wolframite-bearing quartz vein in granite. Vein strikes N., dips 45° E., width 6 in. to 3 ft; ex- posed length about 2000 ft. Scheelite in coarse-grained pyroxene tactite that strikes N. 50° E., dips 85° N. and is 5 to 14 ft thick. Content of WO3 about 0.8 percent in two small areas (3 ft wide near south contact, 1 ft wide near north contact). Tactite bordered by schist and cut off by granodiorite on west. Scheelite in tactite Scheelite in 9 layers of tactite interbedded with schist and quartzite and invaded by granodiorite. Layers strike N. to NW., dip 30° to 70° W., are 2 to 20 ft thick and 50 to 250 ft long, estimated from few widely spaced exposures. Content of WO3 in 3 layers is 0.4 to 1.0 percent for lengths of 25 to 50 ft and widths of 6 to 20 ft. A 2-ft layer containing 2.0 percent or more of WOj occurred at contact of central bed and granodio- rite. Remaining tactite contains less than 0.3 per- cent. Tactite in 2 small pods about 10 ft square in schist surrounded by granite. Tactite contains approximately 1 percent WO3. Scheelite in tactite exposed in 3 pits, in one of which a band 1 ft wide and 10 ft long contained more than 1.0 percent WOi. Small amounts of scheelite in lime-silicate horn- fels. Small amounts of scheelite in lime-silicate horn- fels. Scheelite in tactite Opened by short adit on vein. SevJ tons of sorted ore packed out in 19 All data from Erwin, H. D., Geoly and mineral resources of northeas n Madera County, California: ^ali.,1. Mines and Geol., vol. 30, pp. 73.' 1934. Opened by cut about 30 ft by 1 t with maximum depth of 10 ft. production. All data from Jenkins, O. P., Tab tion of tungsten deposits of Califori: Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 3t 333, 1942. About 550 units of WOi were prodi a in 1942-43. Workings consist of 3 c n pits, a 45 ft inclined shaft, an )l vertical shaft, 3 adits 105, 38, anif ft long, and numerous pits and trenc 3 No production. Three prospect pits. No productio No workings or production. No workings or production. All data from Jenkins, 0. P.. Tac- tion of tungsten deposits of Califot » : Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. I. p. 334, 1942. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 73 Table /.* Tungsten occurrences in Madera County, California — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings; remarks G t Canyon claims H . Welsh Ranch j & Madden claim e Ranch mine ies claim 10 I. L. claim ) Jii ie claim Jo mine (R W. Tungsten Co.) ) Lo Pine No. 2 claim ) Lo & Ibbetson prospect (C' ral mine) ) Lu • Day No. 1 claim ■ Top Ming. Co.— nine) W ;a Tungsten, Inc. W ungsten prospect Sec. 36, T. 4 S., R. 23 E.; sec. 1, T. 5 S., R. 23 E.; sec. 31, T. 4 S., R. 24 E.; sec. 6, T. 5 S., R. 24 E. Mt. Lyellquad. Alt. 9000 to 10.000 ft. Upper basin, E. Fork, Chiquito Cr. One to 3 miles N. of Sun- set and Sunnyside No. 2 claims. Two to 4 miles of trail, 25 miles of mountain road from Bass Lake. See Welsh Ranch pros- pects. See Strawberry mine Approx. in sec. 31, T. 4 S., R. 25 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. about 7000 ft. Half mile E. of Straw- berry No. 4 claim. See Carruthers mine Approx. in sec. 3, T. 9 S., R. 23 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 2600 ft. About 6 miles SW. of North Fork. Good graded road. About 1 2 miles N. of Ray- mond. Mariposa quad. (Sec. 12, T. 7 S., R. 19 E. according to Jenkins, O. P., Tabulation of tung- sten deposits of Cali- fornia : Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 38, p. 335, 1942.) Approx. in sec. 25, T. 4 S., R. 24 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. 7400 ft. About 800 ft NW. of main workings of Strawberry mine. Bass Lake is 31 miles by moun- tain road. Sees. 24 and 25, T. 7 S., R. 20 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. about 4200 ft SW. side of Buckeye Mt. 4 miles of poor road from Coarse Gold. Sec. 14, T. 9 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. about 900 ft. On N. side of the San Joaquin River, about 1000 ft below the South Side claim. SWM sec. 25, T. 6 S., R. 22 E- Mariposa quad. Alt. about 6000 ft. On Graham Mt., 200 yd. N. of road from North Fork. SWM sec. 26, T. 6 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. about 5000 ft. Near junc- tion Chilcoot Cr. and N. Fork, Willow Cr. ; about 2300 ft from Bass Lake road. See Carruthers mine Sec. 25, T. 9 S., R. 21 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. about 1600 ft. Half mile N. of Hildreth; accessible by 1 mile of steep road. J. H. Walker John Weatherley and Berry. J. B. Hoskins, R. B. DeMasters Jess Ward, I. Henry Ward, Murray Ward; leased to Walker Mines Co. Thomas Jones; leased to A. E. White and M. B. Rapp, Jan. 1941 to Jan. 1942; to W. C. Hodges and — Fredericks, Nov. 1942. J. B. Hoskins Love and Ibbetson; leased to Budd-Wheeler Min'g. Co. in 1943; to Rube Wil- liams in 1944. Sherwood Green, Claude Sellars. Ranch owned by Bill Ryan; leased in 1944 to Paul Hughes. Small pendants and xenoliths composed cf schist, homfels, marble, and tactite in granodiorite. Small disseminated crystals of scheelite in tactite containing 0.5 to 1.0 percent WO3. Scheelite in bed of tactite about 25 ft long and 2 ft wide in schist cut by granite. Scheelite in tactite 1 to 3 ft thick on one side of marble xenolith 25 ft long in granodiorite. Con- tent of WO 3 0.5 percent. Wolframite in bunches weighing up to 2 or 3 lb distributed through a vertical vein of glassy quartz 4 to 16 in. wide. Vein pinched out at depth of 40 ft. Country rock is andalusite-mica schist. Scheelite in tactite at contact between migmatite and small xenolith composed chiefly of lime hornfels. Scheelite in 4 ft tactite bed that dips 30° to 40° NE., bordered by schist. Content of WOi esti- mated at 0.4 percent in shaft and drifts. Few large scheelite crystals in tactite lens 70 ft long and 17 ft wide in schist and hornfels that strike NW., dip 60° E. Vertical tactite bed 3 ft thick containing 1 to 2 percent of WO3 where exposed at top of shaft; strike NW. Scheelite in 2 vertical, 4 ft tactite beds that strike NW. and are 150 ft apart in schist, near granite. Few small patches contain 0.2 to 0.5 percent WO3. Scheelite in a tactite bed 3 ft thick, dipping 5° to 20° E., underlain by quartz diorite and migma- tite. Poorly exposed. Small pits and trenches. No workings or production. Prospected by trench 15 ft long. No production. Two or 3 hundred lb of wolframite produced in 1906. Data from Hess, F. L., Notes on a tungsten-bearing vein near Ray- mond, Calif.: U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 340, p. 271, 1908. Opened by shallow pit. Ore treated in mill of Walker Mines Co. about 9 miles W. Opened by inclined shaft at least 75 ft deep and 2 drifts 45 and 65 ft long from near bottom. Ore treated in gold mill nearby. No workings or production. Opened by 50 ft shaft and bulldozer cuts which furnish only exposures. Exposed only in workings which con- sist of a 10 ft shaft with an 8 ft drift, and of 2 pits. No production. Prospected by 3 shallow cuts. Ore assaying 0.7 percent of WO3 shipped to Metals Reserve Co. 74 Special Report 35 Table 1* Tungsten occurrences in Madera County, California — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings; remar North of Nidiver Cabin on Shadow Creek Punjab R. & W. Tungsten Co. Red Lily claims (14) Rock Creek mine San Joaquin mine Sellars mine Shadow Creek (Nidiver group) (North of Nidiver Cabin on Shadow Cr.) (2) Sherwood Green mine South Side claim (Teaford mine; Fish Creek Mountain mine; Sherwood Green mine) (32) Strawberry mine (Cobb mine; Haggerty & Madden) (6) Sunset and Sunnyside No. 2 claims (Walker group) (13) Sussex Mining Corp. property. Teaford mine Thousand Islands Lake (1) Tin Bucket No. 2 claim (17) Tip Top Mining Co., Sellars mine Tungsten B claim See Shadow Creek (Nidi- ver group). See Cobb claim See Jones mine Sec. 5, T. 6 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 5700 to 6000 ft. 6 miles of fair graded road from Sugar Pine. See Wisseman mine See Carruthers mine See Lucky Day No. 1 claim. Approx. in T. 3 S„ R. 25 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Upper basin, Shadow Creek. See South Side claim SWJ4 sec. 14, T. 9 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 1900 ft. About 1000 ft above river, on N. wall San Joaquin River can- yon. 6 miles of poor dirt road from North Fork road. Approx. NH, sec. 36, T. 4 S., R. 24 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. 7200 ft. 2 miles NW. of Clover Meadow; about 31 miles by moun- tain road from Bass Lake. NWJi sec. 7, T. 5 S., R. 24 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. 7700 to 7900 ft. In valley tributary to E. Fork, Chiquito Cr., 6 miles SW. of Strawberry mine. About % mile N. of road between Clover Meadow and Bass Lake. See Wisseman mine See South Side claim Approx. in sec. 35, T. 2 S., R. 25 E. Mt. Lyell quad. N. of Mt. Ritter, on SW side Thousand IslandsLake. SH sec. 7, T. 6 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 5000 to 6000 ft. On Speckerman Mt. 4 miles graded road from Sugar Pine. See Lucky Day No. 1 claim. See Carruthers mine Hugh Lewis, Tom Lewis, Sherwood Green, leased to I. D. Budd in 1942. David C. Nidiver, Myron Folsom (1934). Juan Acosta, John Wea- therley, Paul Hughes, Sherwood Grean, Otis Tea ford; leased. J. E. Cobb, J. A. Mc- Dougald; leased to Hag- gerty and Madden in 1942 and developed by them. Walker Mines, Inc J. R. and Katie L. Hos- sack (1941); leased in 1942 to J. B. Pell. Coarse scheelite crystals in tactite on Red Lily No. 1 ; few exposures. Scheelite in tactite Scheelite in 2 steep, lenticular tactite beds that are to 6 ft thick and are exposed at intervals for 230 and 350 ft respectively. Several exposures contain 0.5 to 1 .0 percent WOi, but amount to only a few hundred tons. Country rock is quartz- mica schist near a granite contact. Scheelite in tactite containing 0.5 to 3.0 percent of WOi at 4 localities within 3000-ft radius in large pendant of folded lime-silicate hornfels, schist, quartzite, metavolcanic rocks, and a little marble, surrounded by granodiorite ; cut by abundant dikes and irregular masses of aplite. Principal production from Strawberry No. 1 Claim with steep tactite lens 7 to 13 ft thick containing 2.0 percent of WOi for 100 ft from contact with migmatitic granodiorite. (See description in text). Scheelite in 3 poorly exposed bodies of coarse- grained tactite composed of garnet, epidote, quartz, and calcite, surrounded by granite. Con- tent of WOa estimated at 0.75 to 1.0 percent. Ore exposure on Sunset claim 5 ft wide and 20 ft long in more extensive tactite; on Sunnyside No. 2 claim, exposures 15 ft by 40 ft, and 15 ft by 20 ft. Scheelite in 2 of 4 pocrly exposed layers of dense garnet tactite interbedded with schist in pendant in granite. Beds strike N., dip 75° E. to vertical. Tactite beds 5 to 15 ft wide and 10 to 45 ft apart: Single outcrop on W. bed contains 0.5 percent of WOa; 2 exposures in cuts on E. bed contain 1.0 percent. W. bed exposed in adit 60 ft beneath outcrop with about same content of WOi. No production. All data from Jenkins, 0. P., Tabi- tion of tungsten deposits of C- fornia; Calif. J. Mines and G« , vol. 38, p. 333, 1942. Prospected by 2 adits 67 and 10 t long, and by several bulldozer c i. No production. Workings consist of four open c , 550 ft of adits and drifts; sna . several small stopes. Fifty-ton Ijl completed in 1943 (gravity conc- tration and flotation). --:! Opened in 1942 by pits and trenc.'i. Worked at intervals in 1943. Concentrator also treated ore fia Jimmie claim. Data from Jenkins, O. P., Tabula n of tungsten deposits of Califor.: Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 3K 333, 1942. Workings consist of 90-ft adit id exposes west bed in face, and 3 1 1 No production. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 75 r — Table 1.* Tungsten occurrences in Madera County, California — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name ic y group fii ry Nos. 1 and 2) ■. ic y mine r y Nos. 1 and 2 r group aby Wa Brothers Wa; lgton No. 3 claim Wi ington mine) A igton mine Wei Kennedy Ranch Wei Ranch prospects '«. I. Welsh Ranch; We. Kennedy Ranch) Wis an Brothers Kb lan mine iD<| thy Ann claim; Bh }reek mine; Sussex Mir; Co. Property; Wis an Brothers.) ' el Jacket prospects Location and access WM sec. 20, T. 6 S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 4000 ft. Near good road. Near middle NJ4 sec. 9, T. 7 S., R. 20 E. Mari- posa quad. Alt. about 1700 ft. About \Yi miles NW. from Grub Gulch; 1 1 miles paved road from Raymond. See Victory group See Sunset and Sunny- side No. 2 claims. W}4 sec. 9, T. 6 S., R. 21 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. about 4500 ft. S. side, Silver Knob. About 4 miles graded road NE. to Miami Ranger Station on U. S. 41. See Cobb claim NWK sec. 28, T. 6 S., R. 20 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 1500 ft. On E. Fork, Chowchilla River; about 15 miles graded road from Coarse Gold. See Washington No. 3 claim. See Welsh Ranch pros- pects. SW>i sec. 33, T. 8 S., R. 22 E. NE^sec.4, T.9S., R. 22 E. Mariposa quad. Alt. 2300 ft. Eight miles good road from North Fork. See Wisseman mine. NH sec. 4, T. 8 S., R. 24 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. about 4300 ft. About 2 miles NW. of Carruthers mine. Good graded road. (Dorothy Ann claim half mile SE. of main work- ings.) Sees. 3, 4, and 10, T. 5 S., R. 23 E. Mt. Lyell quad. Alt. . 8500 to 9000 ft. About 3 miles W. of Sun- set and Sunnyside No. 2 claims; 5 miles mountain trail from Chiquito Camp, Chiquito Creek. Ownership Calif. Inst. Tech On patented homestead of Wylott; leased by John Guillemin; op- erated Sept. 1943 to May 1944. Bissett, Lester, and J. E. Rea (1942). Roscoe L. Patterson, I. M. Lipson, John M. Stokes (1942); leased to Fred Golding. H . H . Welsh ; leased briefly in 1942 to Anglo-Ameri- can Mining Corp. Ltd. Claims held by Wisseman brothers who operated property 1940-1942; leased in 1943 by Budd- Wheeler Mining Co.; in 1944 by Dorsey Wisse- Dan Topping, Louis Lu- chetti (Oct. 1942). Geology A little scheelite in garnet tactite Quartz-rich tactite lens striking N. 70° E., dip- ping 65° N. in schist and granodiorite. Tactite mined contained about 2 percent of WOi, re- maining tactite, about 0.5 percent. Poor expo- sures. Scheelite in 2 bands of tactite 2 and 4 ft thick interbedded with schist and quartzite, in granodi- orite. Tactite estimated to contain 0.45 percent of WOi where exposed in pit. Scheelite in part of tactite composed of quartz, garnet, epidote, sphalerite, pyrite, and pyrrho- tite. Tactite is partial replacement of limestone bed originally 5 to 15 ft thick, exposed for length of 45 ft; bordered by schist at N., grano- diorite on S. and E. Lens 10 ft long and 3 ft wide contains 1 to 2 percent of WO«. A little scheelite in tactite in pendant composed largely of schist, hornfels, and limestone. Small irregular patches of scheelite mineraliza- tion in 3 tactite beds 4 to 10 ft thick and exposed at intervals for a distance of 600 ft. Beds strike NE., dip 25° to 45° SE., and are part of a schist pendant in granodiorite. Bed 4.5 ft wide in N. shaft contains 1.5 percent of WOj. South work- ings have patches with 0.3 to 1.0 percent of WOi. Scheelite in tactite composed of garnet and epi- dote, estimated to contain 1.0 percent of WO3, exposed in 2 prospect pits. Good outcrops of tactite nearby are barren. Production and workings; remarks Data from Laizure, C. McK., Dis- coveries in the strategic minerals, San Francisco Field District: Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 39, pp. 53-57, 1943; Jenkins, O. P., Tabula- tion of tungsten deposits of Cali- fornia: Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 38, p. 334, 1942. In 1943-44, 60 tons containing 153 units of WOi were shipped to Metals Reserve Co. Opened by inclined shaft 50 ft deep, several trenches and an adit in granodiorite. Workings consist of a pit 17 by 4 by 5 ft, and an 80-ft adit in granodio- rite, from end of which crosscut ex- tends 15 ft west and winze 15 ft deep. Explored by open cut 40 ft long, 20 ft wide at top and 10 ft wide at bot- tom. Ore shipped to Metals Reserve Co. Workings consist of a 125-ft adit with 2 crosscuts; numerous pits and trenches. Opened by 3 inclined shafts 60, 50, and 35 ft deep, with drifts and cross- cuts having a combined length of 350 ft. Open cut 30 by 50 ft, with maximum depth of 15 ft. Production 1941-43 about 111 units of WOi, in concentrates. No production or exploration. 1 rom unpublished manuscript by D. M. Lemmon. 76 Special Report 35 Table 2.f Tungsten occurrences in Fresno County, California. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings; rema. Adrian Alexander (Red Bud mine; Spanish Peak) (49) Balch claims (McBride Tungsten prop- erty) (60) Baziuk mine Benson Brothers mine Benson-McMurtry claim (prospect) (Benson Brothers mine) (54) Benson-McMurtry mine (52) Beziuk mine Big Oak (45) Converse Creek (68) Defense group Dinkey Creek mine (Lobo mine; Sadler) (40) Dixie Queen (73) Emerald Peak claims (37) Fulgham prospect (71) Garnet Dike (66) SEKsec. 15, T. 11 S., R. 24 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 1600 ft. On paved road. SW^sec. 11. T. 12 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2100 ft. M mile from road. See Quigley Kings River mine. See Benson-McMurtry claim (prospect). NEK sec. 18, T. 11 S.,R. 25 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2850 ft. 1 mile from road. SWJisec. 18, T. 11 S., R. 25 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 3100 ft. On Bob's Flat road, about 2 miles W. of Cat's Head Mt. See Quigley Kings River mine Sec. 6, T. 11 S„ R. 23 E. Dinuba and Kaiser quads. Alt. 1500 ft. 2 miles of poor road from highway. Sec. 36, T. 12 8., R. 27 E. Tehipite quad. Alt. about 3400 ft. 2 miles from road ; no trail. See Garnet mine SW^sec. 21, T. 10 8., R. 26 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 5500 ft. E. side Dinkey Cr. SWJi sec. 3, T. 14 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. On road. 1 mile W. of Dun- Up. Alt. 2100 ft. NW^sec. 11, T. 9S., R. 29 E. Mt. Goddard quad. Alt. about 10,000 ft. About 1200 ft above floor of God- dard Canyon; 20 miles by trail from end of road at Florence Lake. NW^sec.32, T. 13 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 1900 ft. About H mile 8. of Traweek mine. On paved road near intersec- tion of White Deer road and Calif. 180. NEJ^ sec. 22, T. 12 S., R. 27 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2900 to 3200 ft. 10 miles by dirt road from mouth of N. Fork, Kings River. A. Feuerstein (1943) C. McBride A. Benson, E. McMurtry (1942). A. Benson, E. McMurtry R. Vallandigham C. Quigley Operated 1941 by Tung- store Mines, Inc.; re- opened by J. M. Ruggles, F. W. Harrington, and Joe Sadler, 1943. D. O. Whitt Arnold Jensen (1939) Roy W. Fulgham G. A. Sheridan, C. H. Sheridan, M. R. Sheridan, Mr. and Mrs. D. Bennett. Scheelite in small scattered bodies of tactite, some with 1 to 2 percent of WO3, in schist; tactite exposed in adit for 2 ft width, 30 ft length, aver- aging 1 percent of WO3. A little scheelite in tactite Scheelite in 3 ft tactite layer in schist and horn- fels, exposed in single pit. Content of WO« esti- mated at 1 .0 percent. Scheelite in tactite layer up to 6 ft wide, largely barren, with 2 small streaks containing about 4 percent of WOi. Exposed in open pit for length of 35 ft. Country rock is schist striking N. 80° W., dipping 75° S., in pendant surrounded by granodiorite. Pods rich in scheelite in small bodies of tactite in granodiorite. Scheelite in tactite at S. end of large marble xenoUth along Converse Creek. Scheelite in vertical layer of tactite 3 to 20 ft wide and 125 ft long in pendant of hornfels surrounded by granodiorite. Worked to depth of 50 ft where ore pinched out. Content of WOj about 0.8 per- cent. Scheelite in 2 layers of tactite about 4 ft wide, in schist. Exposed for lengths of 20 and 130 ft. Content of WOi about 0.2 percent. Hornfels, tactite, and marble layers in meta- morphosed volcanic rocks; minor copper, molyb- denum, and tungsten mineralization. Traces of scheelite in 2 vertical tactite beds 2 ft thick between granodiorite and schist, each tac- tite bed exposed for about 20 ft by a shallow open cut. Adjacent outcrops chiefly schist, a little granodiorite; no tactite observed outside of cuts. Scheelite in tactite at north end of marble pend- ant 1 mile long and \i mile wide. Principal ore bodies, containing 0.7 to 1.0 percent of WOj, are at granodiorite contact beneath flat pegmatite dikes, within 400 ft of north tip of pendant. Individual ore bodies contain only a few thousand tons each. (See description in text.) Prospected by 30 ft adit and ir y surface cuts. Data from Jenkins, O. P., Tabi- tion of tungsten deposits of (i- fornia: Calif. J. Mines and G ., vol. 38, p. 316, 1942. Prospected by small pit. No pro tion. Opened by pit 35 ft long, 10 ft v 5 and 10 ft deep. Prospected by shallow pits. No >- duction. Data from Sheridan Brothers of (r- net Dike mine. Mined in open cut 180 ft long, Sit wide, and 50 ft deep at lowest pet. Ore treated in gravity concentnr with yield of 440 units of WO'n 1941. Shallow trenches. No exploration, production, or In 1942, R. A. Hurley shipped a 1 tons of ore to Los Angeles for mill :■ Deposit opened by 3 cuts that |k« vided most of the ore 1940-45, 14 adits and several intermediate di-s with a combined length of 100O, and by a number of short raises, c treated in a 25-ton gravity cono- trator yielded 6,653 units of WOo end of 1945. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 77 Table ot min,' •) Ki i River mine Ki i River Tungsten (righto n Brothers mi ) ) Li Ridge claim ) Liii Uncle claim ) I- mine L< Pine claim ) Pine Nos. 1-3 claims ) NWJ^sec. 13, T. 9 8., R. 26 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. about 8500 ft. On upper Dinkey Cr. near Mining- town Meadow 10 miles by trail from road. SW^ sec. 8, T. 11 S., R. 25 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 3300 ft. Yi mile from road. NEM sec. 1, T. 11 S., R. 23 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 2000 ft. SW. of Tollhouse 1H miles; H mile dirt road from U.S. 168. NE^sec. 14, T. 10S..R. 26 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 6900 ft. M mile from road. See Kings River Tung- sten mine. See Home Front prospect NWM sec. 10, T. 14 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2300 to 2500 ft. Quarter mile from road. Sec. 24, T. 12 S., R. 27 E. Tehipite quad. Alt. approx. 3000 ft. 5 miles by trail from road. SEX sec. 9, T. 11 S., R. 24 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2500 ft. About 4 miles SE of Tollhouse; 2 miles of steep road from paved road. See Quigley Kings River (Beziuk) mine. EH sec. 3, T. 12 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2750 ft. On SW. slope of Patterson Mt., 2 miles from mouth of Dinkey Cr. ; 1 mile tractor trail from road. NE^sec. 22, T. 12 S., R. 27 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2800 ft. S. of Garnet Dike mine 200 ft. Part of Quigley Kings River (Beziuk) group. NE^sec. 14, T. 10 S., R. 26 E: Kaiser quad. Alt. 7000 ft. Quarter mile from road. See Dinkey Creek mine Center sec. 16, T. 11 S., R. 25 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2300 ft. Half mile from road. Sec. 25, T. 13 8., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. about 4500 ft. S. end Pine Ridge, near crest. Five miles Forest Service road from Calif. 180. J. W. Quails J. A. Reiss, M. Reiss J. W. Humphreys; leased 1943 to Andrew Thick- stun and C. D. Tibbals. F. H. Williams, W. J. Funk. M. Hurley, R. A. Hurley C. Quigley G. S. Peterson, A. E. Rothgarn, R. Barnes, and R. George. •J. B. Houghton, R. J. Houghton, E. C. Hough- ton; leased to W. B. Backlund and L. O. Gilice (Kings River Tung- sten Mines, Inc.) in 1943. K. V. Quigley, Roy Quigley, B. Beziuk D. L. Benson J. Burrough, L. Bur- rough, and E. McMurtry. James F. Osborne, John F. Nance, and J. S. Ma- son; leased in 1943 to Walter F. Lineberger. Scheelite in tactite mass 60 ft by 30 ft at contact between quartz monzonite and a layer of marble interbedded with quartzite, in a pendant com- posed largely of quartzite and schist. Content of WOi in tactite averages about 0.3 percent, with streaks of richer material that can be sorted to 1.0 percent. Scheelite in tactite 12 by 12 by 4 ft, in contact with schist on one side. Content of WOi about 0.3 percent. Scheelite in 2 tactite lenses 3 ft wide, with lengths of 15 and 20 ft. Content of WOi 0.5 to 1.25 per- cent. At edge of large pendant in granodiorite. Small (5 by 5 by 5 ft) tactite inclusions in grano- diorite. Some specimens with 3 percent of WOi; negligible amount of ore. Scheelite in patches of tactite in marble xenolith 70 by 200 ft and at least 60 ft deep in basic in- trusive rock. Content of WOi less than 0.2 per- cent. Scheelite in tactite at contact between grano- diorite and marble. Scheelite in parts of tactite exposure 200 by 70 ft; mica schist exposed in workings, not at sur- face. Layer of tactite 3 ft wide and 50 ft long, contained several percent of WO 3; remainder of tactite contains less than 0.5 percent or is barren. Tactite and marble exposed for about 150 by 60 ft, in granodiorite; cut by granodiorite-pegmatite dike 10 to 15 ft thick which dips 30° to 40° into hill. Indistinct bedding in tactite and marble strikes N. 40° W., dips 50° E. Quartz-rich tactite below dike contains 1 to 2 percent of WOi; small amount of tactite above dike has 0.5 to 1 .0 per- cent of WOj. Scheelite in tactite at contact between marble and granodiorite on west side of pendant 200 ft S. of Garnet Dike mine. Best ore near a flat peg- matite dike. Scheelite in 3 small patches of tactite in grano- diorite. Tactite bodies 5 ft square. Content of WOi up to 3 percent. Scheelite in tactite exposure 8 by 10 ft in grano- diorite. Scheelite in tactite exposed for width of 3 to 4 ft and length of 50 ft, on Lone Pine No. 1 claim. Content of WOi estimated at 0.75 percent. In pendant composed largely 0/ mica schist with thin beds of marble and tact te. Surrounded by granodiorite. Worked in open pit. In 1942-43, sorted ore was treated in a 10- ton mill 1000 ft from cut. Opened by trench. No production. Exposures poor. In 1943, ore assaying 0.8 percent of WOi mined from an open cut and shipped to Metals Reserve Co. No production or exploration. Explored by open cut 30 by 15 ft and 12 ft deep. Prospected by several small pits and trenches. No production. Data from Sheridan Brothers of Garnet Dike Opened by several small pits and 2 short adits. In 1942, some ore was treated in a small dry concentrator with an output of about 100 units of WO3. Ore shipped to Metals Reserve Co. Prospected 1942-44 by open cut, 50 ft adit, and 20 ft adit. Ore milled in several small concentrators. Mined in an open pit and 2 adits 70 and 130 ft long. In 1942-44, produc- tion of about 400 units of WOi from ore treated in mill at Quigley Kings River (Beziuk) mine. No production. Prospected by 2 small pits. No pro- duction. Data from E. McMurtry. Prospected by several small pits and trenches. No production. 78 Special Report 35 Table 2 A Tungsten occurrences in Fresno County. California — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings; remar McBride Tungsten prop- erty. Mud Lake claims (39) Poor Man claims (58) Prior Lake claim (34) Quails Question claim (35) Quigley Kings River mine (Baziuk, Beziuk mine) (63) Quigley mine (64) Rabbit's Foot mine (Reiss) (50) Red Bud mine Reiss Ridge prospect (55) Sadler Occurrences on S. Fork Kings River, Sequoia Nat. Forest (69) Spanish Peak Spanish Peak Claim (61) Terrill prospect (57) See Balch claims Mud Lake No. 7 in SWK sec. 30, T. 9 S., R. 27 E. Other claims in SWK sec. 30, NWK sec. 31, T. 9 S., R. 27 E., NEK sec. 36, T. 9 S., R. 26 E., Kaiser quad. Alt. 8700 to 8800 ft. Eight miles trail from Dinkey Creek re- sort. Sec. 3, T. 12 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 1500 to 3000 ft. Half mile by tractor road from Kings River Tungsten mine. NEK sec. 25. T. 7 S., R. 25 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 9900 ft. SW. shore of Prior Lake; 4 mile trail from road at Sample Meadow. See Garnet mine NEK sec. 30, T. 7 S., R. 26 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 8700 ft. On W. shore, W. Twin Lake; 3 miles by trail from road at Kaiser Peak Meadow. NEK sec. 22, T. 12 S., R. 27 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. about 3300 ft. Ten mile mountain road to high- way. Directly W. from Garnet Dike mine, across small canyon. SEK sec. 21, T. 12 S., R. 27 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 1600 ft. Near Kings River, aboutl mileSW. of Garnet Dike mine. About 7 miles mountain road to hiway. SWK sec. 7, T. 11 S., R. 25 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 3500ft. On Bob's Flat road about 1 mile N. of Benson- McMurtry mine. See Adrian Alexander See Rabbit's Foot Mine SEK see. 19, T. 11 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 4800 ft. K mile from road; near Toprock Property. See Dinkey Creek mine Approx. sees. 6, 11, T. 13S., R. 29 E. Tehipite quad. See Adrian Alexander SWK sec. 35, T. 11 S., R. 28 E. Tehipite quad. Alt. 9200 ft. On N. spur, Spanish Mt., about K mile SE. Spanish Lake; 10 miles by trail from road at Coolidge Meadow. NWK sec. 7, T. 12 S., R. 25 E. Dinuba quad. Near Trimmer. Tungstore Mines, Inc. (W. A. Trout, C. A. Rasmussen.) J. B. Houghton, R. J. Houghton, and E. C. Houghton. J. H. Medley and J. W. Quails (July 1942.) Orland Bartholomew and Bruce W. Black (1942). C. Quigley. Operations in 1943 by partnership of K. V. Quigley, Roy Quigley, and B. Beziuk. C. Quigley J. A. Reiss, M. Reiss, and E. W. Chambers. H. Hildebrand and Pliman. V. Moore L. G. Maxson (1944); discovered by Wm. Ter- rill (1915). Small pendants of tactite and schist in quartz monzonite. On Mud Lake No. 7 claim, tactite exposure 130 by 35 ft. contains C.5 percent of WOi, with streaks of 2 or 3 percent. Beds strike N. 20° E., dip 70° E. Small patches of ore on other claims. Tactite in marble xenoliths surrounded by granodiorite. One mass exposed for 60 by 120 ft, contains 0.3 percent of WO». Other tactite bodies barren or contain very little scheelite. Trace of scheelite in marble and tactite layers in pendant composed largely of schist, surrounded by granodiorite, cut by pegmatite and grano- diorite dikes. A little scheelite in an area of 4 sq ft in a tactite layer 40 ft or more long and up to 1.5 ft wide, at contact between marble and granodiorite. Scheelite in tactite 80 ft wide and 200 ft long in granodiorite; cut by pegmatite dike. Small part of tactite contains 2 percent of WOi; remainder about 0.3 percent. Patches of scheelite in tactite lenses distributed through a marble pendant in contact with granodiorite. Content of WOa 1 to 2 percent in richer patches. Remaining tactite barren. Fine-grained scheelite in irregular, vertical layer of tactite 5 ft thick at edge of pendant in granodiorite. Few small patches and a streak 0.5 ft by 18 ft contain 0.3 to 0.5 percent of WOi; remainder of tactite is mostly barren. Scheelite in tactite composed of garnet, diop- side, and calcite, exposed in 3 pits; content of WOa less than 0.5 percent. Part of 3 small schist inclusions in granodiorite. Scheelite in tactite Scheelite in 2 lenses of tactite, each 150 ft long and 15 ft wide at maximum, along contact between schist and granodiorite. Content of WO3 estimated at 0.2 percent, with few patches of high grade. A little scheelite in gouge 3 in. thick between schist and quartz diorite. Interbedded with the schist are a few thin bands of marble and garnets diopside hornfels. No workings or production. A little ore treated at Hougl n Brothers mill in 1942. No ore. No ore. Worked intermittently 1941-44 at open cut, with output of about units of WOi. Ore treated in 25 mill dismantled in 1945. Ore mined from 2 open cuts yield about 500 units of WOi. Ore mil) out. In 1942, ore was mined from 2 am pits and treated in a 10-ton mill Rush Creek. No production. Data from Jenkins, O. P., Tabul tion of tungsten deposits of Ca fornia: Calif. J. Mines and Geo vol. 38, p. 316, 1942. Prospected by trench 12 by 4 ft, ai 5 ft deep. No production. Prospected by 35-ft adit and snii surface cut. No production. No or Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 79 Table '2.t Tungsten occurrences in Fresno County, ('alifornia — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. - Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings: remarks n > Buddies Claim ) To >ck claim Tr eek mine Tv Lakes occurrences v'i, y mine Wi ope claims W( m Sierra Scheelite Col 'ft Spot" prospect NWJ4 sec. 1, T. 11 S., R. 23 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 2200 ft. On paved road near Tollhouse. SM sec. 19, T. 11 8., R.26 E. Dinubaquad. Alt. about 4600 ft. About 800 ft S. of Ridge mine. SW^sec.29, T. 13 S., R. 26 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 1900 ft. ^i mile poor road, 3 miles paved road NW. from Dunlap. Approx. SEJ4 sec. 29, T. 7 S., R. 26E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 8750 ft. About 3000 ft. SE. of eastern Twin Lake. NE>isec.31,T. 10 S., R. 28 E. Mt. Goddard quad. Alt. 6750 ft. Just NE. of junction of N.Fork, Kings River and Woodchuck Cr., 1 mile steep trail to road. NWJ^sec.22, T.10S., R. 26 E. Kaiser quad. Alt. 5900ft. E. bank LaurelCr.; about }4 mile N. of road to McKinley Grove Big Trees. See Home Front prospect SE^ sec. 16, T. 12 S., R. 27 E. Dinuba quad. Alt. 2900 ft. About 1 mile W. of Garnet Dike mine; J4 mile from mountain road. F. B. Kasson, D. R. White, and H. A. Schoepf. H. Hildebrand Hugh Traweek, leased to S. H. Strickland. 80 acres leased from San Joaquin Light & Power Co. by Harold Keown on royalty basis. Ralph E. Carver and J. J. Brooks. C. Quigley Scheelite in small isolated tactite lenses on west side of vertical layer of siliceous limestone that strikes N. 30° W. In pendant surrounded by granodiorite. Scheelite in tactite composed of garnet, diopside, calcite, and actinolite, cut by aplite dikes. Con- tent of WOi less than 0.5 percent. Exposed only in small pit. Scheelite in tactite exposed only in open cut. Content of WOa 0.5 to 1.0 percent in body 15 ft square and at least 30 ft deep. Remainder of exposed tactite nearly barren. A little scheelite in tactite. Scheelite in steep tactite layer 1.5 to 6 ft wide and 200 ft long in large pendant in granodiorite. Content of WOa estimated at 1.0 percent with more than 10 percent for length of 15 ft at NW. end of bed. Scheelite in tactite 1.5 ft thick, exposed only in trench and pit. Content of WOi 0.3 to 0.5 per- cent. Scheelite in tactite exposed at intervals for a distance of 300 ft, with maximum width of 40 ft. Content of WOi estimated at about 0.5 percent. Workings consist of shallow cuts and a pit 30 by 20 ft, 8 ft deep. In 1943, ore shipped to Metals Reserve Co. No production Mined in open cut 20 ft wide, 60 ft long, and up to 30 ft deep, with shallow shaft near center. Ore treated in Yokohl Valley mill east of Exeter. Data from Chesterman, C. W. Contact metamorphic rocks of the Twin Lakes region, Fresno County, California. Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 38, pp. 243-281, 1942. Two small open cuts. In 1943, ore shipped to Metals Reserve Co. Prospected by trench and pits, production. No Prospected by few pits and trenches. No production. 'rom unpublished manuscript by D. M. Lemmon. 80 Special Report 35 Tuble 3.Z Tungsten occurrences in Tulare County, California. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings; remar Alice Homer prospect (86) Anita May (109) Barrington prospect (77) Barton claims Baty mine (93) Big Mack (96) Big Jim mine Bill Waley Indian allot- ment (Tom Cat prospect; J H B mine) (75) Blue Ridge claim (102) Brush Creek Nos. 1-4 claims (101) Bull Point mine Carter (88) Carver (99) Consolidated Tungsten mine (Drum Valley; Harrell Hill) (76) Sec. 34, T. 16 S., R. 27 E. Lemon Cove quad. On Limekiln Creek. SEJi sec. 32, T. 24 S., R. 31 E. Tobias Peak quad. Beneath power line 100 yd. W. of Sand Spring road and three-quarter mile E. of Tungstore mine. NWJ4 sec. 21, T. 15 S., R. 27 E. Dunlap quad. (Also Dinuba quad.) Alt. 2700 ft. Three miles southeast of Badger and a few hundred yd. S. of Calif. Highway 65. See Redwood Canyon Sec. 34, T. 18 S., R. 27 E. Rocky Hill quad. Alt. 700 ft SE. of Lind Cove 1.5 miles. SWK sec. 7, T. 21 S., R. 30 E. Kaweah quad. Near Forest Service road 3 miles from surfaced road. See Tulare County Tung- sten mine. SVVJ4 sec. 2, T. 15 S., R. 26 E. Dunlap quad. (Also Dinuba quad.) Alt. 2000 ft. One mile from high- way by steep road. NW^ sec. 30, T. 23 S., R. 30 E. White River quad. Alt. 2000 ft. Two miles dirt road from high- way. NWJ4 sec. 34, T. 22 S., R. 33 E. Kernville quad. Alt. 6500 ft. Three-mile trail from highway. See Tyler Creek mine Sec. 35, T. 17 S., R. 28 E. Kaweah quad. One mile SW. Three Rivers. EH sec. 22, T. 22 S„ R. 32 E. Kaweah quad. Alt. 4400 ft; On Dry Cr. 1 mile NW. of its junction with Kern River. One mile tractor trail and 4 miles dirt road to John- sondale, 28 miles N. of Kernville. Center sec. 11, T. 15 S., R. 26 E. Dunlap quad. (Also Dinuba quad.) Alt. 2100 ft. Twenty-four miles NE. of Dinuba by paved road. Alice Homer Owner unknown Mrs. Nellie Barton and A. R. Lackey; leased in 1943 to Al Barrington. Wm. Meherton; leased to S. P. Batv in 1943. C. D. McCutcheon Indian land, leased 1943- 45 to Tyler Jack, Glenn Henry, and W. T. Bloyd. M. E. White: leased in 1944 to Tungstore Mines, Inc. S. T. Halsted, S. D. Crot- senberg, R. D. Lewis. Mrs. Carter C. T. Carver; leased in 1942-43 to Alvin M. Donnelly. Harrell Brothers Ranch. Leased 1941 by Parlier Prospecting Co., 1942-43 by the Dinuba Mines Co., since 1943 by Con- solidated Tungsten Co. Fine-grained, disseminated scheelite in a small pod of tactite at the contact between granite and metamorphic rocks. A little scheelite in a small tactite xenolith sur- rounded by granodiorite. Scheelite-bearing tactite containing 1.0 percent of WOa in an area of a few square feet. Part of six small tactite xenoliths in granodiorite, the largest of which is 30 ft long and 7 ft wide. Scheelite in tactite along a faulted contact be- tween marble and schist, extending 60 ft from a granite contact. A little scheelite in a mass of tactite exposed in an area 20 ft by 120 ft surrounded by alluvium. A tactite layer 3 ft wide and 75 ft long averag- ing 0.5 to 1.0 percent of WOa. One shipment of sorted ore amounting to 18.3 tons contained 2.54 percent. Layer of tactite 6 to 12 ft wide and 80 ft or more long; strikes N. 50° W., dips 60° SW. Contains 0.5 to 1.0 percent of WOi. Bordered by mica schist on SW. and granodiorite on NE. Tactite containing 0.5 percent of WOj exposed in area 6 by 30 ft on concordant contact between marble and granodiorite at edge of pendant. A few feet of tactite at a granite contact; poorly exposed. Some scheelite in a tactite xenolith 4 ft wide ex- posed for a length of 50 ft and a depth of 15 ft, bordered by granodiorite. Four scheelite-bearing ore shoots in tactite within a narrow, curved pendant surrounded by granodiorite. Much of the ore contained 2 to 3 percent of WOj. (See description in text.) No production. Explored by 2 short adits dii, World War I. No production. Opened by 3 small cuts; ore shi ad in 1943 to the Yokohl Valley mil . Workings in 1943 consisted of a shaft and a cut 40 ft long. A littl shipped in 1943. All data from Jenkins, W. 0., Iig- sten deposits northeast of Vi:ia Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol!9, p. 169-182, 1943. No production. In 1943-44, ore shipped to the Y )b. Valley mill and to Metals ResenOo. at Fresno. Mined from open pii Workings consist of 3 pits 12 ft j and 40 ft apart. No production. Opened by shallow pits. No prur tion. Other small bodies suggest b> abundant float. No production. Data from Jenkins, W. 0., Turter deposits northeas* of Visalia: Ce. J Mines and Geol., vol. 39, p. 16' 82 1943. Ore mined in open cut. Production 1942-45 about 19,0OCu« of WO>. Mine opened to depth '1^ ft on 3 levels through 2 adit in. winze. Combined length of woin*! more than 2000 ft. Gravity «er. trator of 30 tons capacity locst 2 .. miles SE. near the mouth of SlicW Canyon. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 81 Table 8. J Tungsten occurrences in Tulare County, California — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. -1 lit Name Location and access Ownership Geology Production and workings; remarks prospect NEJ4 sec. 33. T. 15 S., A. R. Cutler; leased 1942- A little scheelite in a tactite mass 12 ft wide and No production and probably no ore. (' R. 27 E. Dunlap quad. 43 to E. Thomas and P. 70 ft long between granodiorite and gabbro. (Also Dinuba quad.) Alt. Cortner. 2700 ft. On S. side of Bear Mountain. Five miles E. from Auckland Ranch. B \ Ranch Near middle of N. edge of sec. 29, T. 16 8., R. 28 E. Tehipite quad. Adjoining Homer Ranch on S. Tom Davis Tactite estimated to contain 0.5 percent of WO3 poorly exposed for a length of 200 ft and a width ranging up to 10 ft along a contact between marble and quartz diorite. No exploration or production. Valley mine See Consolidated Tung- sten mine. tf :laim SE)4 sec. 4, T. 18 S., R. A. Helm, R. B. Records A little tactite containing 1.0 percent of WOs No production. Minor exploration. 29 E. Kaweah quad. Alt. exposed in cuts and trenches in a poorly-exposed, 3000 ft. One and one-half partly metamorphosed limestone bed. miles by trail to surfaced road along S. Fork, Kaweah River. Creek NEMsec. 28, T. 15 S., R. C. E. Hill Tactite layer 8 ft. thick bordered by grano- No production. 28 E. Tehipite quad. Alt. 3300 ft. At SE. end of Eshom Valley, Y% mile from road. diorite is exposed for length of 20 ft in deep trench. No outcrops. Small part of the tactite contains 0.5 to 1.0 percent of WOj. Valley mine See Kaweah River mine re 'ox NEJ4 sec. 9, T. 18 S., R. H. E. Root and R. B. Scheelite in tactite along a vertical contact In 1943, ore shipped to Metals 29 E. Kaweah quad. Alt. Root; leased in 1943 to between marble and granodiorite. Prospected to Reserve Co. e Rivers) 2200 ft. W. F. Clinesmith and R. B. Records. depth of 125 ft through 3 adits. Best ore 3 to 4 ft wide, contains 0.5 to 1.0 percent of WOj. at Hill mine See Consolidated Tung- sten mine. t and Crabb SW>isec. 12, T. 21 S., R. Vernon Gill Ranch; Tactite containing 0.5 to 1.0 percent of WO3 in Ore from open cut was treated in a {'. 29 E. Kaweah quad. Alt. leased 1943 to I. S. Crabb a xenolith 4 ft wide and 85 ft long, in granodio- small mill at property during 1943. 1200 ft. Two miles S. of and Fred J. Herbert. rite. Springville; H mile by road to surfaced road. • 111 ■others mine See Kaweah River mine Ranch Sees. 16, 17, 19, 20, T. 16 T. Hemer Ranch. Min- Small bodies of scheelite - bearing tactite No production. Only exploration is (J S., R. 28 E. Tehipite eral rights leased 1942-43 4 localities: by a few trenches and pits. quad. Alt. 2000 to 3500 ft. to Chase and Lineberger (Standard Tungsten Co.). 1) NWJ4 sec. 16; Six small outcrops of 0.5 per- cent WOa in strip 5 ft wide, 50 ft long. 2) Sec. 19, middle of E. border; A mass of coarse-grained tactite 30 by 500 ft, locally with small amounts of scheelite. 3) NW>4 sec. 20: A vertical tactite layer 6 to 8 ft thick and 60 ft long estimated to contain 0.2 percent of WOj. 4) SEJ^£ sec. 17: Six small discontinuous lenses of tactite in a marble pendant 450 ft long and 100 ft wide, surrounded by granodiorite. Mostly barren, but a little material containing 0.5 percent of WOs, exposed in trenches and an open pit. nil mine Sec. 35, T. 24 8., R. 29 E. H. Frames Scheelite in tactite Data from Jenkins, O. P., Tabula- (1 I White River quad. SE. of White River. tion of tungsten deposits of Cali- fornia: Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 38, p. 357, 1942. IB mine See Bill Waley Indian allotment. ft ih Molybdenum Approx. sees. 35 and 36, Kaweah Molybdenum A little wolframite, scheelite, molybdenite, and No production or exploration. [in Co. T. 15 S., R. 31 E. Tehi- Co. (Mineral rights dis- pyrite disseminated in granodiorite. No ore. It pite quad. SW. of Tama- rack Lake at altitudes of 9400 to 10,500 ft Sequoia Nat. Park. puted.) av i River mine NEJ4 sec. 22, T. 15 8., R. Frank Hill, C. E. Hill, Three small, lenticular marble layers partially Opened in 1944 by 2 short adits 28 E. Tehipite quad. Alt. and Robert Hill; leased in altered to tactite in a pendant composed prin- with a combined length of 180 ft. In an Valley; Hill 3000 ft. N. of junction of 1944 to Frank B. Marks. cipally of quartz-biotite schist. The tactite con- 1944, ore shipped to Metals Re- TO •s; Marks mine) Pierce Creek and N. tains 0.3 to 0.4 percent of WOi. serve Co. « Fork, Kaweah River; 3- mile road to paved high- way in Eshom Valley. 82 Special Report 35 Table S.t Tungsten occurrences in Tulare County, California — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name Kern River claims (Nos. 1 and 2) (100) Kern-Sierra mine (104) Krebs and Martin Marks mine Martin claims (92) Mineral King (87) Redwood Canyon claims (Barton claims) (79) Royal Tungsten (91) Sequoia National Park (85) Sunnyside Nos. 1-6 group (98) Three Rivers Tom Cat prospect Tulare County Tungsten mine (Big Jim mine) (94) Tule Indian Reservation (97) Location and access NEHsec.35, T. 22 S., R. 32 E. Kernville quad. Alt. 3800 ft, On each side of Kern River. H mile by trail to paved road; % mile N. of highway bridge. Sees. 29, 30, 31, T. 23 S., R. 36 E. Kernville quad. Alt. 6000 to 7000 ft. Twenty-two miles by un- surfaced mountain road E. to Highway 395 at point 10 miles N. of Inyo- kern. See Tungstore mine See Kaweah River mine Sec. 27, T. 18S..R. 29 E. Kaweah quad. Alt. 4600 ft. On E. side. Grouse Mt.; 8 miles by Forest Service road from a point on the highway near the Grey Fox, 3 miles NNW. Sec. 11, T. 17 8., R. 31 E. Kaweah quad. Near the Empire Mine. Sec. 16, T. 17 S„ R. 31 E., Kaweah quad. Opposite the Cherokee Forest Guard Station. Sec. 2, T. 15 S„ R. 28 E. Tehipite quad. Alt. 5000 to 5500 ft. In Redwood Canyon, accessible by unimproved mountain road. Sec. 27, T. 18 S., R. 29 E. Kaweah quad. On W. side, Grouse Mt., adjoin- ing the Martin claims. Sec. 13, T. 16 S., R. 29 E. Tehipite quad. Along highway several miles SW. of Park headquar ters. Sees. 1 and 12, T. 22 S., R. 32 E.; Sec. 6, T. 22 S., R. 33 E. Olancha quad. On E. side of Kern River; 5 miles by trail from high- way. See Grey Fox See Bill Waley Indian allotment. Center sec. 11, T. 19 8., R. 28 E. Kaweah quad. Alt. 2000 ft. Twenty-six miles E. of Visalia by road. Sec. 7, T. 22 S. Kaweah quad. R. 30 E. Ownership S. T. Halsted, S. D. Crot- senberg, R. D. Lewis. Chester Smith, F. N. Banta, Oliver Hopkins; leased 1942-43 to Herbert Murphy, Anson Murphy, Wm. Kirkland, and Ken- neth Wortley. W. G. Martin, Earl Slo- cum, L. A. Martin, R. C. Martin. Seven unpatented claims. Public land Edith F. Barton; leased 1943-44 to M. C. Rich- ardson and E. Homer. G. W. Hicks and J. C. Brockman. National Park J. D. Stockton Will Gill Ranch; leased to Tulare County Tungsten Co. 1942. Indian land Tactite containing 0.5 percent of WOa in 2 small xenoliths surrounded by granodiorite. Sierra claim: Two exposures 25 ft long and 300 ft apart, of tactite on contact between marble and quartz diorite. Intervening area covered. Content of WOi 0.6 to 1.5 percent for widths of 3 to 4 ft. Below S. exposure at depth of 47 ft, adit 130 ft long shows 2 layers 4 and 16 ft thick but containing less WOa. Whynot claim: Tactite layer 8 ft thick contain- ing 0.25 percent of WOj, plus considerable molybdenite and chalcopyrite, exposed in shallow cut 15 ft square. Jupiter Claim: Tactite with scheelite-rich lenses up to a foot long, interbedded with schist, exposed in 2 cuts and a 100-ft adit. Small outcrops of tactite with a little scheelite distributed for a mile along a poorly exposed contact between granodiorite and lime-rich metamorphic rocks. Occurrence of scheelite in tactite High-grade scheelite ore in tactite, exposed only in 40-ft shaft and a few trenches. A little scheelite erratically distributed through a large body of tactite 50 ft wide and 700 ft long, along a contact between marble and granodio- rite. A little scheelite in tactite along highway Scheelite in several narrow layers of tactite con- taining 0.5 to 1.0 percent of WO3. Scattered along contact between granite and marble. Best ore only 3 ft wide and a few ft long. Scheelite in tactite at contact with granodiorite. Ore body containing 0.6 to 0.7 percent of WO3, and locally 5 to 10 percent, occurs at right- angle bend in contact, and is 20 to 30 ft wide for 70 ft each way from the bend. Mined to depth of 100 ft in open pit. Ore found 200 ft below out- crop in 500-ft adit. (See description in text.) Scheelite in tactite Production and workings; rerms No workings. No production. A 50-ton gravity concentrator ilt in 1942 was worked intermitti Ij in 1942-43. Undeveloped. No production. Data from Jenkins, 0. P., Ta la- tion of tungsten deposits of :.li- fornia: Calif. J. Mines and CI.. vol. 38, p. 356, 1942. In 1943-44, ore shipped to Ma Reserve Cq. No exploration or production; or exposed in 1943. Data from Jenkins, O. P., Tabitio of tungsten deposits of Calilnia Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. ■• I 356, 1942. No production or workings. Mill with 50-ton daily each located 1 mile S. of mine. Data from Jenkins, Q. P., Tabitio of tungsten deposits of Cali lie Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. J. f 357, 1942. Tungsten Deposits, Madera, Fresno and Tulare Counties 83 Table 3.t Tungsten occurrences in Tulare County, California — continued. Numbers in parenthesis refer to figure 2. Name np e mine In jek mine 1 int mine; Verne la ae) 03 me ler mine ' le ne 07 hite ver Lode mine Location and access SW>i sec. 32, T. 24 S., R. 31 E. Tobias Peak quad. Alt. 4500 ft. One one-half mile S. of Posey. NW*i sec. 35, T. 23 S., R. 30 E. Tobias Peak quad. Alt. 2500 ft. On Verne Tyler Ranch 2 miles W. from California Hot Springs. See Tyler Creek mine SW^sec. 31, T. 24 S., R. 31 E. Tobias Peak quad. W. of Tungstore mine, 4500 ft. SH sec. 32, T. 24 S., R. 29 E. White River quad. Alt. 1200 ft. Near Eclipse mine, 2 miles SE. of White River on good road. Ownership Tungstore Mines Co. (C. A. Rasmussen and W. A. Trout.) Verne Tyler; leased to C. W. Felter 1943-45. Tungstore Mines Co., lessee. H. G. Vincent, leased to H. A. Records in 1943. Geology A small, shallow pendant of schist and tactite with 3 ore bodies containing 1 to 2 percent of WOi. Pendant cut off by granodiorite at a depth of 130 ft. (See description in text.) Scheelite in several thin layers of tactite in a small, poorly exposed pendant of quartzite, hornfels, schist, and marble, surrounded by granodiorite. Three layers of tactite interbedded with schist and quartzite in pendant surrounded by grano- diorite. The tactite was 5 to 20 ft thick, not over 90 ft long, and was cut off by granodiorite within a few feet of the surface. (See description in text.) Scheelite and chrysocolla in quartz stringers Production and workings; remarks Worked 1931-1942. Tailings (includ- ing those from the Wible mine) were retreated in 1942-44 by Krebs and Martin. Worked 1938-1941 and 1943-1945 with output of about 1000 units of WOs. Principal ore body taken from open cut. Other workings include 3 adits with a combined length of 420 ft, and several raises and winzes. Worked 1938-39 in open pit 300 ft long and 25 to 90 ft wide. Ore treated in Tungstore mill. Ore of low grade. See Tungstore. Data from Laizure, C. McK., Dis- coveries in the strategic minerals, San Francisco Field District: Calif. J. Mines and Geol., vol. 39, p. 57, 1943. : F m unpublished manuscript by t>. M. Lemmon. lu6& S-53 2M 6SS- printed in California state printing office DIVISION OF MINES OLAF P. JENKINS, CHIEF STATE OF CALIFORNIA nFPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SPECIAL REPORT 35 PLATE I ^iUV &. ^ — o* ■A -\UA -\ .\ "\ f " /,. \ T *• ■" X T !>~ "•1 -*■ p "S* m ^t -V 3& \sh> ^__^ ■ Ufcfai / t \ aqm gd t 42 -*- x v s ' / " tV-'-Al^V H T "^ XS x --^ •\i t£§i I \ ^#V^^ x V%$ b/ ° "X \ \ v -^ X x.. -\ £--.-i- 6?&' \ x° ' •" i-0 ^ ft y ; ^ r Contact, showing dip Accurate to within 500 feet PJ&M\ ^JV-^ '£**, "1 «J C x w aphy by U 5. Geological Survey i B. Krauskopf 1942 and 1943 Vertical contact Contact, concealed or gradational Accurate to within one half mile Strike and dip of beds Strike of vertical beds Strike and dip of platy foliation in intrusive rocks Strike of vertical foliation Tungsten c See lists in margin RECONNAISSANCE GEOLOGIC MAP OF PARTS OF THE KAISER, D1NUBA. TEHIPITE, AND MOUNT GODDARD QUADRANGLES. FRESNO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA EXPLANATION IGNEOUS ROCKS Basalt of olivine hornblende andesite Garnet-bearing biotite granite Porphyritic biotite granite Aplitic biotite quartz monzonite Texture variable from aplitic to normal granitic Biotite-horn blende quartz monzonite Extremely variable; include* gran He, granodiorite, ouarlz-dnrrit.\ and quartz gabbro. Migmatitt area* shown By dots Fine-grained biotite granodio- rite Hornblende-biotite granodio- rite ■ • Dinkey Creek ' ' type ; includes some biotite granodiorite and some quartz~d\orite. Migmatite areas shown by dots sh Hornblende-biotite granodio- rite "Helms Meadow" type; include some aplitie quartz i\ Diorite Chiefly hornblende diorite; quartz-diorite. Miffmattle < shown by dots. Gabbro Hornblende gabbro, hornblende- pyroxene gabbro, hornblendite, quartt-gabbru, majic quarts- dujrit* METAMORPHIC ROCKS Serpentine Felsic metavolcanic rocks Chiefly metarhyolite ; some interbed- ded metasedimentary and mafic metavolcanic material Mafic metavolcanic rocks Hornblende schist* and fine-grained amphibolites, meUimorphic deriva- tives of mafic lavas and pyroclas- tica; some metadolerile Schist and hornfels Chiefly fine-gratnsd n sedimentary rocks with some intc. bedded quartzite and metavolcam Quartzite Chiefly metamorphosed sandstone; some interbeddcd schist and metavolcanic rocks Metamorphosed calcareous rocks Marble, tactile, and various lime- silicate hornfelees Datum t* mtan uu level STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLANATION GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE CLOVER MEADOW-GRANITE CREEK AREA MADERA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA "1 MT. I/YELL QUADRANGLE '"i\ Alluvium, talus, and glacial till Tactite containing scheelite Aplite-metarhyolite migmatite Aplite Granodiorite Migmatite and diorite Lime-silicate hornfels Mica schist and fine-grained quartzite Contact Dashed where inferred or approxir, Strike and dip of beds Strike of vertical beds Strike and dip of foliation W Outline of areas covered by Plate 3 and Figure 14 Tungsten mines and prospects 1 Strawberry No. 1 claim k Strawberry No. i claim J Jimmy r.laivi CL 1 CtovcrleafNu. 1 chum CL S Ctoverieaf No. £ claim HT Hilltop claim C Cobb claim l-w- Approximate Scale ontour interval 500 feet Mapped by Konrad B. Krauskopf, September 1945. on unadjusted aerial photographs niVISION Of MINES S}J? T JENKINS. CHIEF EXPLANATION a Aplite and alaskile Granodiorite HI MiiMiiatite and dinrtiv fine-grained quartiile L[rri'r--ilii'a!e hurnfvl: Strike and dip of bedding Strike of vertical bedding Strike and dip Of foltfttio Strike nf verriiiil l"„lit Underground workings f"***-^ if; Open cut and dump GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE STRAWBERRY MINE AREA MADERA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGIC MAP AND SECTIONS OF THE GARNET DIKE MINE AND THE LIME RIDGE CLAIM, MADERA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 15 3166 et THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW BOOKS REQUESTED BY ANOTHER BORROWER ARE SUBJECT TO RECALL AFTER ONE WEEK. RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL RECEIVED Olil 2^ WH8 PHYS SCI LlBRARYj JUN 3 2002 Received Physii sjaiSciehces Library RPRL ED p$i MAR 1992 LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS D4613 (12/76) ERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS 31175 01262 8130