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 :CiiMJ^^AJ\ll. 
 
 EVANS & OWEN 
 
 JAVING through the course of many years' experience made it their 
 special study, respectfully call attention to their Celebrated ^'ai. >•■ 'm 
 
 REAL WELSH FLANNELS, 
 
 made for them at Newtown and Llanidlces, which differ from all 
 other makes, in having greater warmth without increased substance, and continue 
 in a remarkable degree soft to the touch after continuous washing instead of 
 getting hard like the ordinary descriptions 
 
 in 9 Qualities, from 1/3 to 3/- per Yard. 
 Also their special make of soft and fine 
 
 BATH COATINGS, 
 
 which being extremely wide do not require numerous seams, and constitute an 
 almost indispensable luxury to all invalids, and greatly aid in keeping the bodily 
 temperature equal. 
 
 White or Scarlet, | Made of very fine Wool, 5/- to 8/6 Yard. 
 Two Yards and Quarter > „ ordinary Wool, 3/9 ., 5/6 » 
 to Three Yards wide. ' „ for Charities 2/8 „ 3/6 „ 
 
 The Prince of Wales make of 
 
 FAST PILE VELVETEEN, 
 
 made expressly and entirely for Messrs. Evans & Owen, combines all the latest 
 excellencies of other makes, while the prices on comparison will be found immensely 
 1 letter value than many makes whose chief recommendation is in being extensively 
 advertised. 
 
 /N APPEARANCE THEY LOOK LIKE RICH LYONS VELVET. 
 
 DURABILITY IN WEAR GUARANTEED. 
 Blacks, 1/6 to 3/11 Yard. All Colors, 2/11 Yard. 
 
 MESSRS. EVANS & OWEN respectfully call attention to their old 
 method of doing business (which they have so successfully carried out for 
 40 years), being still the rule in all their 26 Departments, viz. — 
 
 All Goods are Marked at the Smallest Remunerative 
 Profit for Ready Money. 
 
 \ 
 
 Bartlett Street, St. Andrew's Terrace^ 
 and Alfred Street, 
 
 BATH,
 
 H. G. Massingham, 
 
 FAMILY 
 
 i8, HIGH STREET. 
 
 And I, THE CORRIDOR, BATH, 
 
 (Facing the Guildhall and Market). 
 
 jHE above Establishment will be found replete 
 with every variety of Ladies', Gentlemen's, 
 and Children's High Class Boots and Shoes, 
 by all the best English and French Makers. 
 
 The Business being conducted on strictly Cash 
 principles and small Profits, the Prices will be found 
 exceptionally moderate. 
 
 Bespoke Orders and Repairs of every description executed 
 by Experienced Workmen.
 
 ^^Nf^.^.^- V 
 
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 Lowest Quotations for Cash, or on the Three Years' System. 
 
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 PIANO 
 
 FOR 
 
 Sale or Hire 
 
 AT 
 
 DEPOT 
 
 Milsom Street, 
 
 Bath. 
 
 Ilhistrated Catalogues sent Post Free. 

 
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 Remember Absent Friends ! ! ! 
 VISITORS TO BATH 
 
 WILL PASS AN AGREEABLE HALF-HOUR IN WALKING ROUND 
 
 COLLINGS'S 
 DEPOT FOR PRESENTS, 
 
 From 2d. to 20 Guineas. 
 Prizes for Archery, Athletic Sports, Lawn Tennis, &c. 
 
 31, MILSOM STREET, BATH. 
 
 Jewellery, 
 
 Electro-Plate, 
 
 Fancy Goods, 
 
 Travelling Bags, 
 
 Dressing Cases, 
 
 Work Boxes, 
 
 Desks, 
 
 Stationery 
 
 Cases, 
 
 Despatch Boxes, 
 
 Bagatelle, 
 
 Chess and Draught 
 
 Boards and Men. 
 
 A Promenade of nearly lOO Yards, 
 
 surrounded on all sides by 
 
 Articles of 
 
 ELEGANCE&USEFULNESS 
 
 Will enable them, while in search 
 of 
 
 Amusement for themselves, 
 
 To show their continued 
 remembrance of 
 
 "ABSENT FRIENDS," 
 
 And experience the truth of the assertion by 
 
 many Patrons that here may be fully 
 
 experienced the happiness of 
 
 " Present Giving Made Easy." 
 
 Every Article is marked in plain Figures, 
 
 but none need purchase unless 
 
 desirous to do so. 
 
 Brass Ormolu and 
 
 other Ornaments, 
 
 French Clocks, 
 
 Fans, 
 
 Opera Glasses, 
 
 Scent Bottles, 
 
 Card Cases, 
 
 Purses, 
 
 Scrap Books, 
 
 Albums, 
 
 Inkstands, 
 
 Flasks, 
 
 Sandwich Cases, 
 
 &c., &c., &c. 
 
 A CONSTANT SUCCESSION OF 
 
 NOVELTIES IN ALL DEPARTMENTS, 
 
 USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL, FOR 
 THE STOCK OF 
 
 ELECTRO SILVER PLATE 
 
 IS ONE OF THE LARGEST IN THE KINGDOM 
 And has been famed nearly 50 years for its Excellence and Cheapness. 
 
 BAZAARS. Stall-holders and contributors thereto are treated liberally, and many 
 will bear testimony as to the readiness of sale and large profits realised on goods purchased 
 here, as compared with London stores. 
 
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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 IRVINE 
 
 Gift of 
 THIi HONNOLD LIBRARY
 
 
 If 53 
 
 
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 ;iA^'.:-cv?i^.-l:-^^^ 
 
 »vv->y 
 
 .!h:- • 
 
 ,'ii;J«>v"t4.?j4-iL'i.*'Ji/i'o3*>^i'-"j^t!W^cJ*"ii'iicJi'j'«'c:'yj\ 
 
 THE 
 
 MINERAL BATHS 
 OF BATH. 
 
 ^^■••.■V7.;r^«e 
 
 ;-%ri:<.V^>%r^-C-'=^--'*- •••=C--' 
 
 THE 
 
 <.i<>0 
 
 
 Bathes of Bathe's ^^iyde 
 
 in the reign of Cliarles 2 nd S^l^ 
 
 As illustrated by a Drawing of the King's and 
 Queen's Bath (signed) 1675. 
 
 Wheretmto is annexed a Visit to Bath in the year 1675 
 by a" Person of Quality.^' 
 
 By Charles E. Davis, f.s.a., &c. 
 
 City Architect, Hon. Loc. Sec. Soc. Antiq., Lon. 
 
 " Behold the boyling bathes at Cacrbadon, 
 Which sceth 7uith secret fire eternally. 
 And in their entrailles,full of quick Brimston, 
 Nourish the flames 7vhich they arc unarmed upon, 
 That to their people wealth they forth do well. 
 And health to every forreync nation." 
 
 The Faerie Queene, 1590. 
 
 BATH : 
 
 Printed by William Lewis and Son, and to be Sold by them 
 at the Towne Gate, at the sign of the Herald. 
 
 MDCCCLXXXIII. 
 
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 / am anxious to dedicate the feiv memoranda I have 
 noted of the Baths under King' Charles II. to the Baths 
 Committee of the Corporation of this City, Jioping they will 
 permit me, at no very distant date, to give my best endeavours 
 tozvards a History of the Baths from the earliest to the 
 present times. 
 
 I append the names of the Chairmati and Members of 
 the Committee for the present year, regretting I cannot add to 
 the list the name of the late Mr. Alderman Lewis, whose 
 advocacy and support enabled me to excavate and discover 
 the cordon of masonry zvhich the Romans erected for the 
 purpose of ensuring the purity of the Springs, and so utilizing 
 it that the healing waters are now in no 'way obstructed, and 
 ascend in greater quantities than ever without the remotest 
 possibility of contamittation. 
 
 Ike Right Worshipful the Mayor, Handel Cossham, Esq., F.G.S., 
 
 ex-officio. 
 Mr. Alderman Wilkinson, Chairman, f. P. 
 
 Mr. Alderman Hooper. 
 Mr. Councillor Hancock, f.P. 
 Capt. Lysaght, R.N., Councillor 
 Mr. Councillor Bartrum, f.P. 
 Mr. Councillor Batikart, f.P. 
 Mr. Councillor Andrews. 
 
 Dr. Ashford, Councillor 
 Mr. Councillor Commans, 
 Mr. Councillor Fry. 
 Mr. Councillor Quin. 
 Mr. Councillor Ruble. 
 Mr. Councillor Wilton.
 
 
 ^li-wC&i J'; . --^ 
 
 &■» .-? C C&Ur 
 
 
 DEDICA TION. 
 
 I have to thank many friends for valuable assistance. 
 I specially mention two — Mr. F. Shum, F.S.A., of Belcombe 
 House, for the loati of several valuable books relating to the 
 History of Bath, and Mr. B. H. Watts, the Clerk of the 
 Peace and Deputy Toivn Clerk, for the ready access he has at 
 all times afforded mc to the valuable Records of the City. 
 
 CHARLES E. DAVIS, F.S.A. &c. 
 
 5 5, Great Pulteney Street, Bath ; 
 June, 1883. 
 

 
 ^' 
 
 -V' "■ ' - ■ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The purchase by the British Museum of the Drawing 
 sketched in 1675 of the King's and Queen's ]?ath, and the 
 permission given to the Baths Committee of the Corporation 
 to have it photographed, first induced me to write a little 
 account of the King's Bath and the adjoining property, 
 with a view to give additional interest to the Drawing. 
 
 What I first intended to confine to a few pages has 
 grown to many. I trust my readers will not consider I 
 have altogether wasted my time in writing or theirs in 
 reading them ; but small though may be the value of the 
 notes I have strung together, I venture to think they 
 partially fill up a gap in the History of our City and the 
 Baths that has never hitherto been thought worthy of 
 consideration. 
 
 A History has still to be written of the Roman City 
 and Baths, and of the Mediaeval City and Baths which were 
 planted on the ruins ; materials for the first are most obscure, 
 and still in great part buried, and could be best revealad 
 by the spade and mattock. The second period requires a 
 scholar and an antiquary, whose future labours would be 
 lightened were the Corporation of the City to publish their 
 very interesting records. Nottingham has just issued a 
 most valuable volume. The City of Bath could give one of i^-'/i\'y^ 
 
 little less value, including notes of its Hot Baths, which ^"A'^/xf 
 
 would be interesting alike to the antiquary, the man of (0| V/' 'ol 
 
 letters, and the medical profession everywhere. 'i/vx^^'K^rir'^ 
 
 mmm 
 mwm 
 
 
 I'ir/'iRsrj^
 
 
 Index. 
 
 
 •-\j,-'^ . 
 
 jJ^K-3- 
 
 
 
 sj^..<?. 
 
 
 Akemancastra ... 
 Anne Queen 
 Abbey House .. 
 Abbey 
 Amor... 
 
 Amusements . . . 
 Appendix 
 Advertisements 
 
 Bathancastra ... 
 
 Ben ce John 
 
 Beare Lodgings 
 
 Bosworth 
 
 Bave .. 
 
 Bellott 
 
 Eladud 
 
 Brevia Parliamentaria 
 
 Barton Farm ... 
 
 Boyse 
 
 Baldwin 
 
 Beken B. 
 
 Bushell 
 
 Basset t 
 
 10 
 
 15. 19,29 
 
 ... i8, 33 
 
 ••• 23, 34 
 
 28 
 
 62 
 
 81 
 
 10 
 
 14 
 
 15, 21 
 
 18 
 
 18, 74 
 19 
 
 19. 5° 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 28 
 
 3'. 3 
 
 Ceaulin 
 
 Camoys Lord ... 
 Chapman 16, 17, 
 
 Clist ... 
 Charlton 
 Common Pump 
 Charles II. 
 Camden Society 
 Christopher Inn 
 Carne 
 Cann Office 
 Court of Record 
 Cross... 
 Charles I. 
 Coal .. 
 
 18, 20, 
 
 37 
 36 
 43 
 ... 48, 68 
 
 10 
 13 
 
 M, 22, 23, 2J, 25. 
 
 53, 55. 68 
 
 iS 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 22, 25, 51 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 26. 27, 28, 57 
 
 .. 26, 28, 29, 30 
 
 27 
 
 35 
 
 39 
 61 
 
 Dingley 
 Dry Pump 
 Davis... 
 Duckett 
 
 Exeter Book ... 
 Elton Mr. 
 Earle Prebendary 
 Elizabeth Queen 
 Elton... 
 
 Falconer 
 Fraser 
 Ford .. 
 Freemen 
 Fairs ... 
 Fairfax 
 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth 
 
 Gilmore 
 
 Gibbes 
 
 Guidot 
 
 Glanvill 
 
 Hart Lodgings... 
 Hart Slip 
 Haringtnn 
 Hall John 
 Hundred House 
 Horton 
 Hetling 
 Inns ... 
 
 Irvine 
 
 Johnson Dr. 
 Johnson 
 Jones Dr. 
 J.ames I. 
 Tolly ... 
 Tones Initio 
 
 E^lES^l^Ml 
 
 ... II, 42 
 
 ... 16, 19 
 18 
 53 
 
 10 
 10 
 10 
 
 ... 24, 25 
 ... 65 
 
 iS 
 
 19, 22, 29 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 ... 56 
 
 II 
 
 14, 20, 26 
 
 16 
 
 16, 18, 29 
 
 ... 43. 67 
 
 IS 
 16 
 
 18,31,32 
 20 
 26 
 
 31 
 
 ... 71, 72 
 
 54 
 20 
 
 II 
 II 
 
 ... 19, 29 
 
 19 
 
 ... 25, 68 
 
 51
 
 k ,#. i ^% h h k ^ 1, h A h i' A k k k k k k k k jk k k k k k W^ 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Kingston Duke of ... ... 14 
 
 Knight ... ... ... l8 
 
 Leiand ... ... 11, 1334 
 
 Museum, British ... ... 11 
 
 Masters Mr. ... ... 16,17,73 
 
 Montague ... ... ... 21, 23 
 
 Meyrick ... ... .. 30 
 
 Macaulay ... ... ... 59 
 
 Monmouth Duke of ... ... 67 
 
 Neville Sir Christopher ... .. 13 
 
 North Baroness... .. ... 23 
 
 Nash Beau .. ... .. 30 
 
 Names of Citizens, &c. ... 64, 65, 66 
 
 Origins of History ... ... 10 
 
 Ormond Duke of ... ... 24 
 
 Old King Street ... ... 25 
 
 Parker ... ... .., 18, 24 
 
 Popham ... ... ... 13, 48 
 
 Pump House & Room 16, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33 
 
 Peirce ... ... 18, 27, 57, 58 
 
 Prynne ... ... 24,25,50 
 
 Palmer ... ... ... 32 
 
 Pepys 40, 47. 56, 58 
 
 Queen's Bath ... 
 Queen's Lodgings 
 
 Roman Baths ... 
 "Ruin, The"... 
 Royal Charter... 
 Rings in the Baths 
 
 18 
 32 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 '9 
 38 
 
 Revett 
 
 River — Navigable 
 
 Stonor, Sir Francis 
 
 Smeaton 
 
 Scudamore 
 
 Stall's Churchyard 
 
 Sloper 
 
 Sherstone 
 
 Swallow 
 
 Shrewsbury 
 
 Swallow TVidow 
 
 Speke 
 
 Sedan Chair ... 
 
 Skrene 
 
 Smallcombe ... 
 
 Sanitary Measures 
 
 Schools 
 
 Tuns Three ... 
 Trayned Band... 
 Tompion 
 
 Visitation of Heralds . 
 
 VennerDr. 
 
 Villula John de 
 
 William of Malmesbury. 
 
 Wood, Architect 
 
 Women's Bath 
 
 Waites 
 
 Warner 
 
 Wiltshire 
 
 Wakeman 
 
 Walls City ... 
 
 39 
 75 
 
 13,20,26, 45 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 ... 26, 56 
 
 ... 21, 25 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 27, 45, 48, 65 
 
 ... 46, 58 
 
 • • 48, 77 
 
 53 
 
 60 
 
 69 
 
 14 
 
 .. 24, 25 
 30 
 
 15 
 12, 18, 29 
 
 34 
 
 12, 15, 22, 58, 59 
 18 
 iS 
 25 
 31 
 43 
 67 
 
 t!^ 
 
 llSlllii 

 

 
 
 ^MM 
 
 its 
 
 
 //^/ Mineral Baths 
 of Bath. 
 
 r I ^IIE recent excavations have brought to hght a 
 I portion of the long-hidden magnificent Roman 
 Baths, wliich must have far excelled the present 
 Baths in grandeur, luxury, and possibly comfort of their 
 arrangement, and must certainly have occupied an area of 
 more than four times that which is covered by the modern 
 Establishment. 
 
 The Roman City and its Baths appear to have been 
 deserted as early as the year 577; when the three Cities 
 
 

 
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 m<^ ^^"a ^'■'i^' ^:'^L ./c?"^, £^;^i.^.'j^..^; 
 
 
 
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 10 
 
 s^jiS#^®#(!iiiS»iS<i)®^ij "i^^ 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 — Bathancastra [Akemancastra], Gloucester, and Cirencester 
 — were over-thrown by the victorious armies of Ceaulin of 
 Wessex. 
 
 " Wondrous the wall-stone that Weird hath broken. The roof- 
 tree riven, the gray gates despoiled ! Often that wall withstood 
 Ra£ghar and ReAdfah, chieftain after chieftain rising in storm. Bright 
 was the Burgh-place and many the princely Halls, and high was the 
 Roof of gold. . . . And the court is dreary, and the crowned roof 
 lies low, in the shadow of the purple arch. Princes of old time, joyous 
 and gold-bright, splendidly decked, proud with wine elate, in war gear 
 shone. They looked on their treasures, on silver and gems and on 
 stones of price, and on this bright burgh of their broad realm The 
 stone Court stands, the hot stream hath whelmed it, there where 
 the Bath was hot on the breast."* 
 
 But as early as the 8th century the Springs were 
 
 ' From the ancient Saxon poem called "The Ruin" in "The Exeter 
 Book," passages from which are given by Mr. Elton in his " Origins of English 
 History." The Rev. Prebendary Earle, M.A., Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the 
 University of Oxford, read a paper on this poem to the Bath Field Club in 
 1S71, and gave it as his opinion that it could describe no other place 
 than the City in the time of its desolation, long before it rose again in the 
 form of Bath. The following lines of the Professor's translation and the 
 passage quoted in the text accord with our knowledge derived from the late 
 excavations, and well describe what the Baths may have resembled in the early 
 part of the seventh century. "There stood arcades of stone ; the stream hotly 
 issued, with eddies widening up to the wall encircling all the bright bosomed 
 pool ; there the Baths were — liot with inward lieat ; nature's bounty that ! So 
 they caused to flow [into a sea of] stone the hot stream."
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OK BATH. 
 
 again used, and bathing to some extent became common 
 again. From that time to the commencement of the last 
 century but Httle is known of the actual state of the Baths. 
 Geoffrey of Monmouth, William of Malmcsbury, Leland, 
 and a few others speak of the Baths, but give no 
 description of their extent or form with the exception 
 of Leland who visited them in 1542, Dr. Johnson who 
 gave a slight sketch of them in 1634, and Dr. Guidott 
 who, in 1 69 1, wrote an account of the Baths (which were 
 then all public), and Gilmore who published his map, in 
 1694, with drawings of them, and Dingley in his 
 imperfect drawings made I believe in 1682 or the following 
 year. 
 
 A fortunate purchase was made by the British Museum, 
 in the autumn of 1881, of a pen and pencil drawing, 18 
 inches long by about 14 inches high, the work of J. Johnson 
 (an artist mentioned by Horace Walpole as having "made 
 a draught of Canterbury in 165 1 ").* 
 
 This remarkably well preserved drawing is signed by 
 
 • I have made enquiries through the Dean of Canterbury, and although 
 the draught at one time hung on the staircase of the library, I can gain no 
 information of its existence at the present time. 
 
 at** i^a* t> at a 
 
 a ».! la*.* 9/ 
 
 ^^««ii);»*.^»«^*«^»",Y^'' 

 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 the artist, with the date 1675, and is a view of the King's 
 and Queen's Bath taken from the east side of the Bath 
 looking towards the west. The size of the former at this 
 date was 57 feet by 40 feet 8 inches; the latter was 25 feet 
 4 inches by 24 feet 2 inches, although now much smaller. 
 The picture is most carefully drawn and has every appear- 
 ance of extreme accuracy. The figures, if are included 
 those in the Bath and at the windows of the neighbouring 
 houses, exceed 170 in number. 
 
 In the year 1628 Dr. Venner writes of these Baths : — 
 "The King's Bath is the hottest, and it is for beautie, 
 largenesse, and efficacy of heate, a Kingly Bath, indeed 
 being so hot as can be well suffered. The Queen's 
 Bath is a member of the King's Bath, a wall onely 
 going betweene them with a passage there in to goe 
 
 from one to the other, so fairly built and fitted with 
 
 such conveniencie for bathing as the like (I suppose) is not 
 elsewhere to be found." The drawing well illustrates 
 this " Conveniencie," which, as Wood says, " did very 
 well while the houses immediately surrounding them
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 13 
 
 
 were sufficient to entertain all the bathers that came to 
 the City, as bathers were enabled to go directly from their 
 beds into the Hot Waters and return to them again." 
 
 These extracts give a gcod but brief description of 
 the Baths, as represented in this drawing. I will endeavour 
 to describe the drawing itself more in detail, and supply 
 all the information I have obtained of the King's and 
 Queen's Bath at the date of this drawing. 
 
 The King's Bath* is complete all round with 25 of 
 the niches (a few of which only now remain) as described 
 by Leland, the enclosing wall being surmounted by the 
 handsome Stonor Balustrade, erected by way of thank- 
 offering for benefits received by Sir Francis Stonorj- 
 (ancestor of tlie present Lord Camoys), 1624. The Queen's 
 Bath is also surrounded by the same balustrade except 
 
 
 '0t¥M 
 
 
 ^'i^^m 
 
 • Note in Appendix. 
 
 1" Sir Francis was born 1553' ^""^ lived to the age of 84; his portrait, in 
 a closely fitting embroidered cap and large ruff, is in the gallery at Stonor. 
 The family were connected with this city, his grandson having married the 
 niece of Sir Christopher Neville, of the castle, Newton St. Lo. In the 
 Cor[)oration records under date 1656 there is an entry — "paid William Shute 
 for going a message for the venison of Mr Stonor £1 6s." There are several 
 entries of £l to the keeper of Mr. Popham ; Lord Berkley £1 for venison, &c. 
 
 0wmm
 
 imi 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 where it is rendered unnecessary by the proximity of 
 buildings. 
 
 To the south of this Bath there is a three-storied house 
 of i6th century style, apparently a portion of the famous 
 house known as the "Three Tuns Inn," spoken of in 
 Gilmore's Map as Three Tuns Lodging, a portion (this 
 portion) being the Lodgings and another part the Inn, kept in 
 1666 by Robert Smeaton. In 1675 this house was the 
 property of John Bence, from which there was, as late as 
 the middle of the i8th century, direct access to the King's 
 Bath, beneath the Terrace, shown in the drawing. This house 
 was very extensive ; its front towards Stall Street was 
 where the opening in York Street has been since made 
 and extended still further south. It also occupied the 
 site of the present engine house, and extended over 
 the southern dressing rooms of the Baths across the 
 present cooling tank to " King's Bath Passage," where 
 foundations of this house, and fragments corresponding 
 with the architectural style represented in the drawing, 
 were dug up a year or two since. This house was not 
 entirely removed until the beginning of the present 
 century, when it was obtained from the representatives 
 of the late Duke of Kingston by the Corporation. 
 
 Adjoining the house, but almost hidden by it, is a 
 gabled and apparently well-built house, standing where Mr. 

 
 
 .jr 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. I 5 xO? <3» 
 
 Goodman's shop now stands, covered with what is locally ^^^ 
 
 called rough cast plaster, with which some of the older .^x^v'Sl 
 
 houses of the city are still covered. 
 
 Occupying the whole of the west side of the Queen's <S> cS> 
 
 Bath is a fine house of five storeys, of many rooms and still ^^i^? 'v\ 
 
 more numerous windows, from which are looking into the ^*^ 
 
 Bath visitors of every station, prominent amongst them 5;^'^ 
 being an old lady in a high-crowned hat and a ruff in the 
 
 
 fashion of her youth. The parapet to the roof is not ^M 
 
 balustraded ; but the stone bears the inscription, "Anna; ^^ 
 
 Reginae Sacrum, 1618," in honour of our Queen Anne of JoC^ 
 
 Denmark. ^.^ 
 
 This and the previously described house were called 
 the "Hart Lodgings" and continued to be so called as 
 late as 1754; probably they were originally two distinct 
 houses.* The name Hart Lodgings existed for over 200 w%r 
 
 mm 
 
 ^i^ 
 
 years, although the larger house is referred to as the 5^<^ 
 
 " Beare Lodgings" in a note in the Council books under 0,^'^: 
 
 the date 16^^, an extract from which is in the ne.xt page. X;. K<' 
 
 It is quite probable that one was the Beare and the other ^?>^ 
 
 the Hart Lodgings, and that the Hart requiring enlargement i^<^ 
 
 swallowed the Beare. The last of the Visitations of .^s!$ 
 
 mm 
 
 • Wood says, three years after the building the Queen's Slip in 1615, ^'X'1'H 
 
 "a house was rebuilt and enlarged on the west side of the Queen's Bath, for 'j5l<« 
 
 the private use ol such as should bathe in that cistern." 
 
 fit 

 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 «^ 
 
 -^ 
 
 »^ 
 
 
 Heralds was held in it in 1623. It was originally, as far as 
 I can ascertain, owned by Mr. John Masters, who was 
 Mayor in 1658, and it continued in his family, with one 
 interruption, to the commencement of the last century.* 
 At the time of this drawing, however, it was the property 
 of Mr. Walter Gibbes, who was Mayor the following year, 
 1676 ; 20 years later, according to Guidott, it was kepi by 
 Mr. Walter Chapman. The little Pent house roof to the left 
 was called, according to the same author, the " Hart Slip." 
 The gabled building of wood, which is described on the 
 drawing, "The Dry Pump"f (at which a "guide" is actively 
 engaged), was built at the charge of the Corporation in the 
 year 1662, as in that year payments amounting to £40 
 13s. 3d. were paid by the Corporation for work done to the 
 building.| 
 
 Upon the Pump House was the following inscription 
 
 • During the late excavations was found a mediaeval metal lamp, repre- 
 senting a Stag or Hart, standing on a pedestal, with a place for the light 
 between the antlers. It is of inferior workmanship, but of tolerable size, 8 to 
 lO inches high. May not this have been a lamp, part of the furniture of the 
 Hart Lodgings, standing on the "Dressore" in the dining-parlour, asthe b.adge 
 of the house? 
 
 t Council minutes. — "Agreed by generall consent that the charges of 
 Building of the Newe Dry Pump by the King's Bath shall be satisfied and 
 discharged by the chamber of this city." 
 
 J Council minutes, page 659. — April 1675, John Reed, Maire. 1st — the 
 election of Maires freeman, then liiC election of woman Bath-guides, one for 
 the Cross Bath and one for the King's Bath, and then as follows : — 
 
 f ^i f ^ \f ^ 'f ^f ^f 'f f ' f *f fi f %i %i ^ f ^ ^ Y f ¥ ¥ 

 
 ^ jy^ Jk4^^4M A4^k444MJJJ.^^ 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 17 
 
 engraved on a brass plate, and placed there by Captain 
 Henry Chapman, Mayor, 1664 : — 
 
 Jehovah's Blessing let's admire, 
 
 Here's constant heat and yet no fire ; 
 
 Bethesda's Pool by sacred hand 
 
 Within removed to heal the land. 
 
 Cod and the King are here our free importers ; 
 
 God gives the waters ani ye King the Charters. 
 
 Balnea quid prosunt : Thermas quum hac urbe locavit 
 
 Omnipo'.cns deus has, ista paravit homo. 
 
 Also close to the Pump House was another inscription 
 on brass — 
 
 All poor persons not being conveniently able 
 to maintaine themselves and resorting to the 
 Bath for cure of diseases or infirmaties may 
 tale notice that tht-re ought to be a Physitian yearly no 
 minuted and appjynted by the Mayor and Aldermen 
 ef Bath, who is to give his best advice ft om time to time 
 to the said poor persons without any reward from them, 
 there being a salary provided for that by the charitable 
 guift of Dame Elizabeth Vicountess Scudamore.* 
 
 "Agreed by general! consent that Mr. Chapman Masters shall attend and 
 be the Keeper of the Dry Pump for the Crosse Bath within this Cittie, that is 
 to say to profits, and be" (lliis unfinished entry is crossed through, and the 
 following appears to be substituted for it) : — 
 
 " Agreed by generall consent that the Sargeant of the King's Bath shall pay 
 yearley and every yeare during the continuance of his office, and the pleasure of 
 this Corporation, unto Mr. Chapman Masters of this Cittie the sume of Tenne 
 poundes and every yeare tenne pounds yearly, and every yeare, or suffer the said 
 Chapman Masters to take the profits of the drinking yearly, at the option 
 of the said Sargeant " 
 
 " Agreed the like shall be from the Sargeant of the Crosse Bath to Mr. 
 Jo. Champneys." 
 
 "Extract from Council Book, November, 1652. — "Agreed by general 
 
 ^pf^p'^ff^f'\fYf^f^f|^''''"^l
 
 iiioiaoiOoifi; 
 
 i8 
 
 
 : ?) yaci z 3d9 
 
 ® 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 The first brass tablet has altogether disappeared, but 
 the second one is now under the Loggia, of the King's 
 Bath, in Stall Street. 
 
 Payment is still made to a medical man on account of 
 this legacy ; the first recipient was Dr. Venner, her lady- 
 ship's physician ; the second was Dr. Peirce* of the Abbey 
 House. 
 
 In the centre of the Bath is a stone pedestal and globe, 
 on which rests an iron bar surmounted by a crown, as 
 mentioned by Guidott, 1691, evidently a fragment only of 
 the Tower or Cross erected in 16 16 or 1617. -f- 
 
 The Queen's Bath, originally the " Newe or Women's 
 Bath," was formed on the Priory lands at the expense, it is 
 
 consent that Mr. Matthew Clist and Mr. John Pearse have power to receive 
 the two hundred pounds given to the Corporation by my Lord Scudamore and 
 his Lady for a continuall yearly stipend for a phisition to give advice to poore 
 people coming to the Bath at the interest of five pounds per centum and to pay 
 one hundred pounds in satisfaction and discharge of one bond of ^i'loo due to 
 Mr. Francis Knight in London and to return the other ;£^ioo to the same Cor- 
 poration, to be paid in discharge of one other bond of ;if loo due to Mr. 
 William Chapman, Clerke." 
 
 In the Record Room, Guildhall, is a counterpart deed of annuity, dated 
 December loth, 1652, from James Scudamore, Esq , son and heir of Viscount 
 Scudamore, Roger Bosworth, and William Watts to the Mayor of Bath, of £2 
 per annum to the Mayor for a dinner, and £S per annum to a physician for 
 poor persons. 
 
 • Dr. Peirce was succeeded in 1706 by Dr. Henry Parker. 1717 Dr. 
 Charles Bave was appointed, followed by Dr. Edward Ilarington in 1733. 
 Dr. Richard Charlton in 1750. In 1786 Dr. Henry Harington, followed by 
 Dr. John Ford Davis in 1816, who some of my readers may recollect. 
 + Removed, according to Dr. Wilbraham Falconer, in 1732. 
 
 I© 
 SCSI® 
 
 silgi© 
 
 lig^anHffiffilgTLffiiL 

 
 :SiSiMWCSimc&^.S>J&^^^^jSi^^mmiSi:SaiSiSi&iiCS:. 
 
 sr.'^' 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 19 F'I'Si 
 
 u&^i 
 
 stated, of Thomas Bellott in the commencement of the 17th '^^^^^•li 
 
 century ; but, as under the date 1575, there are the following i • v^t'c ^ 
 
 entries in the accounts of the Corporation of payments : — for 'j^iiii'- 
 
 rent "for place where the new Bath is made, 4s.," for "stone ^§1^' i 
 
 to the new Bath los., payment to the paviour 5s. 8d.," and 'I'^t^'il 
 
 " Mr. Tucker 1 3s. 46," it is clear that its formation was at an '^'}''§^^l -; 
 
 earlier date, but subsequent to 1572, as the plan of the Bath 
 is not shown in Jones's map of that date. Mr. Bellott in 
 all probability bought the land and presented it to the 
 Corporation (freeing them of the yearly rent of i6s. which 
 they had been paying), and repaired and improved the Bath 
 in 1609, hence the tradition that the Bath and its con- 
 struction were his gift. 
 
 Free use of the Baths to the poor was granted by 
 Royal Charter in 1597, and this Bath was set aside for that 
 purpose, but upon its being bathed in by Queen Anne of 
 Denmark, the wife of James I., in preference to the King's 
 Bath, the poor were provided for elsewhere, and the Bath 
 was named the Queen's Bath, a name it still retains. 
 
 The little gable building, the Dry Pump, is continued 
 partly into the King's Bath, and contained also what was 
 called the " Common Pump," an additional spout having 
 been added 1673 or 1674 by direction of Sir Alexander §©!^S 
 
 Fraser, Bart. The statue of Bladud and the niche (the ''^wfe>?>-' 
 
 S'l-:. ^ 
 
 -r-^-- :-%
 
 Iii^iA^^S'MdJ-''MM 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 painting of which cost 6s. 6d. in 1637), said to be taken 
 from the north gate, are figured in the drawing as they 
 stand at the present time, with the addition of some 
 ornamental iron work on the top of the canopy, on which 
 are hanging the crutches of the recovered cripples, placed 
 there as an evidence of recovery. 
 
 Two-thirds of the west side of the King's Bath are 
 occupied by a very handsome house that has two fronts, one 
 in Stall Street and one towards the King's Baths, the 
 Stonor Balustrade enclosing a sort of terrace to this house. 
 In Gilmore's map, 1694, it is described as "Mr. William 
 Chapman's lodgings by the King's Bath," and the illustra- 
 tion agrees in almost every particular with the drawing, 
 except that the latter is a careful representation by 
 a more accomplished artist. There are few houses now 
 in the city of such architectural character. It has a 
 resemblance in the balustrade at the top to the 
 house built at Bradford-on-Avon by John Hall, it is 
 evidently a copy of it, and may have had the same 
 Des'gner. Mr. J. T. Irvine has found a record that this 
 house was built by Mr. John Chapman in 1653, who had 
 encroached on the Bath and on Stall Street, and an action 
 was threatened by the Corporation.* 
 
 •Council Book, 4thNovember, 1653, page 98.—" Whereas Mr. JohnChapman 
 is erectinge of a messuage or tenement in Stalle Street, late in the possession of 
 
 
 ms^' 
 
 rrmwPrrn
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 21 
 
 In 1675 it was the property of Mr. Walter Chapman, 
 but rented by John, of the same name, who paid 5s. a year 
 for the "dore" into the Bath."* 
 
 In front of this house, but in the bath, is the brass 
 
 Peter Chapman, and as it is commenced the said Mr. John Chapman, John 
 Farr, Samuel Dawes, and other workmen under them, hath encroached on the 
 ground belongeinge to the streete of the said Cittie and also backwards on the 
 King's Bath. It is awarded and agreed by general consent that the sergeants 
 of the Maire do goe and forbid the said John Farr, Samwell Dawes, and such 
 other workemcn as shall from henceforth worke there from makinge any further 
 buildinge forth either backwards on the King's Bath or forwards on the street 
 till leave and lycence be given them how farr they shall goe, &c., &c. This 
 was considered at the next meeting of the Council, 2nd December, and entered as 
 follows : — "Encroachment in the foundations of the house he is nowe building in 
 Stall Streete, betweene the houses of Mr. Symon Sloper and the Beare lodgings, 
 about sixteene inches towards the streete. Whether ye said encroachment on 
 ye foundation shall be granted unto him payinge a yearly rent there fore. 
 
 Say yes — I I I I I I I I I i I i i I I I I I I. Agreed it shall be 
 granted unto him as aforesaid. 
 
 What Mr. John Chapman shall pay yearly for ye saide encroachment : — 
 
 Xs.— I. 
 
 XXs. — I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I. 
 
 XXs.— I I I I. 
 
 40s. — I I. 
 
 SOS. —I. 
 
 60s. — I. 
 
 Agreed he shall pay 203. per annum." 
 
 * In the charges for the funeral expenses of Bishop Montague, 1618, occur 
 the following payments which I quote, thinking them interesting : — 
 
 The procession consisted of 50 horses hired at £2^. Three of these 
 died on the road, and £11 is charged for them. Three days' journey from 
 Southwark to Bath, where the company remained from Wednesday to Monday. 
 
 Item for a baite by the waye to Bathe (from Marlborough)... 2 
 
 Item for horssmeate and to the ostlers 150 
 
 Item paide to Mr. Walter Chapman for (torn MSS.) 
 
 ^^ 
 
 wm
 
 rctimmzmit-m'mm7i:sraUSiTm?'iisumi^'iri,Ui 
 
 
 22 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OK BATH. 
 
 pump, which has only lately (i8Si) been removed, erected at 
 the express wish of Sir Alexander Fraser, Bart., physician 
 to Charles II., in the year 1674. 
 
 Connected with the Chapman's house to the north is a 
 gabled building of two stories. At the time that the Lodging 
 
 (Mem. Mr. Walter Chapman was one of the Justices ; his 
 son kept the Hart, and William Chapman was Mayor this 
 year.— C. E.D.) 
 3 houses, plate, linnen (torn) 
 provisions as he made for „ 
 one above there „ 
 
 hand , 
 
 Item for the hearrolds diet at Bathe the first time they came 
 
 within I 9 
 
 Item for theire dinners and wyne the next day I 10 
 
 Item for theire suppers that night ... ... ... ... I 4 
 
 Item for theire breakfasts the next morneing o 17 
 
 Item for theire horssmeate .. 2 o 
 
 Item given in reward in the house where they lay o 5 
 
 Item paid the butcher for meate at Bathe during an abode 
 there for some man that came before for a quarter of 
 
 mutton o 5 
 
 Item for a piece of beefe o 4 
 
 Item for 2 joints of veale & a leg of mutton 05 
 
 Item for 2 muttons 2 o 
 
 Item for 2 lambes ... i o 
 
 &c. &c. &c. 
 
 Item paid Mr. Wilton Chapman foi baye salte o 3 
 
 Item for doctor Wood's lodging ... ... ... ... I I 
 
 Item for doctor Rivett's lodging .. 10 
 
 Item given where the doctors laye 5 
 
 { omiiiiiiiiiwnnimi'>inmxuiiiimi'^n!:niui:ummmw.mi^aiinn?s.ii.imnn mmisiKu 
 
 QTm^mmimmmnTmmmTsi^nmtzmzinnm^i'iUsim^nnnT^n'minT^^mmusmmmmij^iTnn
 
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 23 
 
 House which I have just described was built there was an open *|SI© 
 
 slip to the King's Bath, but in the year 1664 Mr. Henry i^«^l© 
 
 Chapman had liberty given him to erect this latter house aiSc'^lS 
 
 "over the cabin by the King's Bath," paying the small rent ®iri9''i* 
 
 of 2s. It was his property at the time of this dravvinj, S^^i* 
 
 but it was let, I think, to Mr. John Chapman, as there is 
 an account credited to him in the year 1675 of $s. for his 
 "dore." 
 
 The city of Bath owes a great part of the original 
 restoration of the Abbey to the Chapman family just men- 
 tioned, and for nearly 300 years the local history is 
 inseparably connected with them. There were 18 Mayors 
 
 Item delivered to Mr. Walter Chapman for 30 poore men 
 to be distributed at Bathe as follows, vi-a":. — to 
 
 for his ginne and xi-(/j. in reward, total... 36 S o 
 
 Item to Mr. Pellin, minister of Bathe, for 5 years at \xs. ...500 
 Archoeologia Soc. Ant., 44, 2 part. 
 
 These items are large. I have no doubt there was a license to charge 
 extra for funerals, as there was within a few years of 1 883 
 
 The Contract for the erection of the Tomb of Bishop Montague in the 
 north aisle of the nave of tlie Abbey Church is still in existence, and is in the 
 possession of Baroness North, as communicated to the Camden Society, 1868. 
 The Contract includes all the work, "except onlie the iron grate," and cost 
 £,100. Three years since, through the liberality of an unknown benefactor 
 and under my honorary superintendence, this Tomb was completely restored. 
 A perusal of this Contract revealed that the Tomb was of Alabaster and Black 
 Marble, "Touch stone." Instead, therefore, of repainting it as originally 
 intended, I had the paint cleaned off, the decorations only being re-gilt 
 and painted, and the coats of arms restored to their proper colours and 
 marshalling. 
 
 ^i> •^t'' '-®^!' ■^^^H-%-!?i®il'v®J!AA 
 
 aesea©d3@©ia©ooe©-eeee3©oo8oeedeoeeeeeooeee©eoe©©6o©©boi6ad©b©oio
 
 mmmmm m mmmm mmmmmmm^^^^m^mmmmM 
 
 m^M^^ m^imm>>>mm wmmmwsM'^rMMMM^mMm^^ 
 
 ■:m 
 
 24 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 of this family from the time of the Charter of Elizabeth, in 
 which a John Chapman is named as an Alderman, to the 
 end of the last centurj'. The Henry Chapman, previously 
 mentioned, Captain of the TrayneJ Band, made himself 
 singularly famous in the year 1661 ; he survived the indigna- 
 tion of his fellow citizens, as he was reinstated in the 
 Council by them anJ elected Mayor three years later. 
 
 The Captain Chapman, whom some of my readers 
 may recol'ect, was, I believe, the last of tiie family; 
 he gave about 20 years since a collection of books and 
 MSS. to the Corporation, which is now deposited in the 
 Royal Literary Institution.* 
 
 • The story of 1661 is briefly as follows : — "Captain Henry Chapman, 
 desiring to be Mayor, obtained a troop of Militia and forcibly took away from 
 the city four Aldermen (one being a Justice of the Peace), and six Common 
 Councilman ; finding this did not give him a majority in the Council, he on 
 the Lord's Day following with other of his confederates "met in an ale house" 
 during the time of evening service and arranged to take two other Councilmen, 
 Mr. William Treland and Mr. John Reede, prisoners. Upon the day of 
 election, the Mayor John Ford, and Recorder Prynne being in their seats, on a 
 show of hands. Captain Chapman (receiving 1 1 votes and Alderman Parker S), 
 insisted on his election, using very bad language. Complaint was formally 
 made before the King and Council, at Whitehall, on the 2Sth October 
 following. The complaint contains nine articles, and the decision of the King 
 is lengthy, so I give only a quotation." "These differences tending much to 
 his Majesty's disservice, the disturbance of the peace and government of that 
 Cittie, and being of bad example to other Corporations, all which being taken 
 into consideration, his Majesty was displeased that his Militia should be any 
 way employed to strengthen faction, &c., &c It is ordered that the Right 
 Hon. the Duke of Ormond doe forthwith recall his commission granted to 

 
 
 A view of the King's Bath, taken in 1764, shows these 
 houses removed, and the King's Bath thrown open to Stall 
 Street, but this was an imaginary removal as they were not 
 taken down until purchased by the Corporation for the 
 erection of the Baths in 17S8. 
 
 The next house gabled with oriel windows fronting a 
 Corridor to the Bath and balustraded on the front towards 
 Stall Street was known as "Mr. Symon Sloper's Lodgings ;" 
 they were in 1675 rented by him of Mr. Robert Chapman, 
 who was Mayor in 1668.* The corridor to the Bath led 
 
 Captain Chapman, and above that his Grace doe take care that the commande 
 of the Trayned Bands of the Cittie and hundred of Bathforum be conferred 
 upon some worthie and fit person living in or near the said Cittie." 
 
 After this decision the Corporation sent King Charles II. ^loo in gold, 
 delivered to him August, 1662, by the hands of William Prynne, Recorder, as 
 the free and voluntary present of the Corporation. " His Majesty most graciously 
 received it, and commanded his most hearty lh.anks." 
 
 I have made the above precis from the Corporation books, but a full 
 account is given by Prynne in his " Brevia Parliamentaria," in which it will be 
 found that Captain Chapman was endeavouring to obtain an enlargement of the 
 franchise, that the Members of Parliament should be elected by the Freemen, 
 instead of by th.e Corporation alone. 
 
 * Mr. Symon Sloper appears to have been also the host of the Christopher 
 (Hotel), succeeding the Sherstones. From what I can gather, William Sherstone, 
 M.P. for Balh in 1583 and subsequently. Mayor in 1587 with John Sherstone 
 chamberlain , and again Mayor in 1 590, was not only the tenant of Barton Farm, 
 but was landlord of the Christopher. Warner also records a tradition that Queen 
 Elizabeth slept at Barton House (now the workrooms of Messrs. Jolly in 
 Old King Street). It is far more probable that her Majesty was the guest of the 
 Mayor of Bath, at liis hostelry in the High Street. Tlie Slicrslones were 
 
 '^^fsr^ 
 
 W 
 
 D 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^mm^M^^^m^^^^m^^MM 
 
 rT TT.-TT TT'TT.-TT M. ! M i! . -r:-n--Tr-T77i--7TVfr.-T--r-7y,y,-.-T---7pTi'- nijp'n'' i .n. i m rrTTT :-i;riiL i 
 
 imr TrrBTaTrmnnrrc"
 
 yr-j^-'.^z^^ 
 
 
 ^■^3 
 
 26 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 from Stall's Churchyard ; there was another house to the 
 north of this house, not seen in the view, which at the time 
 of this drawing was the property of Mr. Berkeley Came, but 
 was let by him to "Widow Swallow," she paying for her Bath 
 Dore 5s. to the Corporation. The corridor to the Balcony 
 of this Bath had a building of small dimensions over it, also 
 the property of Mr. Berkeley Carne, and he gave his name 
 to the Slip in the basement, known as late as the end of the 
 1 8th century as the "Berkeley Carne Slip." 
 
 Enclosing the Bath on the north is the Stonor Terrace 
 and Balustrade. 
 
 The first building on this side is a well-built corniced 
 and balustraded house of a more modern and classical 
 character than those described, although a portion of it is 
 older, timbered and barge boarded. On referring to 
 Gillmore's map I find this house figured and named " The 
 Cann Office by the King's Bath." 
 
 It is difficult to explain this name. I find that there 
 is a house called the " Cann Office " in Montgomeryshire, 
 and another on the south side of Shrewsbury.* In 
 Worcestershire there is a well-known hotel, " The Hundred 
 
 publicans, fanners, and clothiers. In 1675 John Sherstone rented under the 
 Corporation " a Water Com Mill and Tucking Mill, called Monk's Mill and 
 the little island adjoining." 
 
 * '■ Cantred office, the office of the hundred." — A'olcs atid Queries. 
 
 y^)0^- 
 
 luK-.:TUiL^ 
 
 ^.ifl^C^
 
 mim'r-^il1\M 
 
 w^w^!m ^ s:m^^!^m 
 
 THE HOT >nNi:RAL Baths of uath. 
 
 27 
 
 House " (an English translation of Cantrcd I, where the Petty- 
 Sessions are still held. This Bath " Cann Office " may have 
 been the house in which the business of Bath Forum Hundred 
 was transacted by the magistrates or by the Lord of the 
 Hundred. Previous to the County Court being held in 
 Bath there was a " Court of Requests." Was this latter 
 Court the successor to the Court of the Hundred, of which 
 this " Cann Office " was the head-quarters ? 
 
 Another solution of the name is : — " Canna means 
 a measure for cloth goods or for agricultural purposes ; 
 also a cup or can." At the time that this house was built 
 Bath was a centre of the West of England clothing 
 trade, and this house may have been the Cloth 
 Market, or where the standard measures for cloth were 
 kept. The finding in the excavations lately made beneath 
 the windows of the former Cann Office of several mediaeval 
 merchants' counters rather assists this explanation. (A 
 term in Scotland exists, " Kane," rent in kind.) 
 
 Whatever the name may mean, the Cann Office was 
 at this date a wine shop and lodging, and leased under 
 the Corporation by Mr. Barkeley or Berkeley Carnc. His 
 wife was Miss Elizabeth Speke, daughter of Sir Hugh 
 Speke, of Hazlebury, who was uncle of Sir George 
 Speke, K.B., MP. for Bath. After her husband's death she 
 continued, according to Dr. Pcircc, to let lodgings, and lived 
 
 B i i l lMgStaliiniillliMfliilffiiiliilMiBlIM 
 
 
 
 ■ A^^ • 
 
 K^ 
 
 S^MO^ainliiffilliiillwkjjiaaiuiiiiiiii.^Qiiiii^uJied^^ 
 
 10 
 
 iitUiamiiimJAmmliimJllii^lSSiim
 
 
 
 '^ K* first sight to be a sun-dial on the centre gable, but a careful 
 
 a. 
 
 i 
 
 'B 
 
 
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 to a great age W. Berkeley Game's name occurs frequently 
 in the Corporation Bills, for " Canarie, three and half 
 gallons, £i 4s. 6d., white wine, three gallons and one pint, 
 17s." He was a donor to the little-known library at the 
 Abbey.* 
 ^ Contiguous to the Cann Office is a three-gabled 
 
 ^ timbered building of two storeys, with what appears at 
 
 examination justifies my believing it to be the " Horologe," 
 
 ^ or clock, which cost the Corporation, in 1600. the then large 
 
 ^ sum of ;6S 6s. 8d. 
 
 i fe^ The lower storey is open and supported upon posts and 
 
 ^ has every appearance of being a shop, or public room of 
 
 ^ some sort ; I conclude it was a coffee-house, -f or lounge, the 
 
 ^ precursor of the modern Pump Room. A small house stood 
 
 '^ next to this, over what was called the Queen's Slip, and 
 
 ^ remained in the possession of the Boyses,i until pulled 
 
 ^ down in 1702. 
 
 ^ 
 
 !^ * W. Games two houses and the little tenement were purchased in 1750 by 
 
 [■^ the Corporation for the sum of ;ii^85o, in order to enlarge tlie first Pump Room. 
 
 ^ ^ t^ ^ '"^'^ house was in the possession of John Amor in 1702, as it was 
 
 (si 1% j.'V in that year renewed by the Corporation on a £4 ground rent, and three years 
 
 ^ n* ^ ^^'^'- P"''<^hased by them for ;^8oo ; ^20 of which John Amor presented to the 
 
 Citie, in recognition of which he was made a Freeman. 
 
 X Purchased of John Boyse of Sherborne, by the Corporation, in 1 702, 
 for ;ii'l40. 

 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 29 
 
 At the time this drawing was made there was no 
 Pump Room so called, but the dry pump previously des- 
 cribed — the little building on the west of the Queen's Bath, 
 not more apparently than 12ft. square — served the purpose 
 of what is now called the Douche, and for drinking. Drink- 
 ing the waters was apparently not introduced until Dr. 
 Jones advocated it in 1573. Sir Alexander Fraser, in 
 1661 and 3, followed by Drs. Venner, Guidott, and Peirce, 
 repeated the advice of Dr. Jones, until drinking the waters 
 was considered so important a form of administering them, 
 that at the close of the 17th century the Corporation 
 decided on building a Pump Room, to effect which they 
 purchased the houses I have lately described as on the 
 east side of the " Cann Office." 
 
 Queen Anne's visit to Bath, in the year 1702, so 
 increased the reputation of the waters, that an improvement 
 was the more urgent.* In 1705 the first Pump Room was 
 
 • Up to 1695 one of the Serjeants appears to have acted as Pumper, This 
 is the first appointment of Pumper, for which there was no salary, and no 
 payment was made by the Pumper for the sinecure. From 1698 to 1703 the 
 Pumper paid ^^35 annually, all which money was voted by the Corporation in 
 charity. From that date the payments increased 1704, £So; 1705, /'too; 
 '7061 £^^0 i '7IO) ;f 230 ; from this time the payment increased exceedingly, 
 until 1773 it amounted to ;^630 ; 1788, .^840; at which sum it remained for ; 
 
 many years, and several of the Pumpers made small fortunes, the drinkers v 
 
 paying for the waters no fixed charge. J 
 
 t^i^! 

 
 
 «^-i 
 
 
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 commenced, the cost of the building of which was to be 
 paid out of the monies received from the Pumper ; this 
 proving insufficient, the balance, ^400, was voted by the 
 Council on completion, October, 1706.* This Pump Room 
 was very small, and, complaints being made by the 
 medical men of its insufficient size, it was enlarged in 1734, 
 and "a gallery built for the music, and steps made to 
 the King's Bath;" and in November, 1750, the Corporation 
 decided to still further enlarge, and to purchase "The 
 Cann Office." The Corporation accepted a plan for 
 a slight enlargement of the Pump Room, May, 1751, 
 selling the buildings not required to the west. A 
 band was maintained in the Pump Room from the 
 voluntary gifts of visitors. I suppose we may assume a 
 collection was made at certain intervals, as it was not until 
 
 • In this Pump Room was a brass plate with the following inscription : — 
 " Anno Dom. 1706. 
 This building was erected at the charges of the Chamber of this City, Dr. 
 Richard Bettenson giving one hundred pounds towards it. The marble case of 
 the Pump with the cistern thereunto belonging, is the gift of Thomas Meyrick, 
 Esq., Anno Dom. 1709. The Watch and Sun Dial was given by Mr. Thomas 
 Tompion, of London, Clockmaker." The " Watch" is the Clock now 
 beneath the statue of Beau Nash in the present Pump Room.
 
 
 ®f 
 
 '"^"T^i^;^ ^.^.'^t^*'"^: ' 
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 3' 
 
 1784 that a book was placed in the Pump Room for Sub- 
 scriptions, to which the Corporation did not contribute 
 until the year 1795, when they voted three guineas a 
 week.* 
 
 The Pump Room of 1705 and 1751 destroyed the 
 Stonor balustrade on the north and occupied the whole 
 of the terrace. The present one still further encroaches 
 on the King's Bath and springs. The earlier Pump 
 Room probably combined the coffee-house and had a 
 public-house beneath. Was this latter for the "guides" 
 or the company ? 
 
 * In 1784 some additions were again made to the Pump Room, and the 
 following year ^^130 was voted Tor the erection of a colonnade to the front, but I 
 have been unable to ascertain whether this was expended. The very confined 
 state of the King's Baths and the advantages derived to visitors from the 
 erection of Private Baths and at the Kingston Baths being self evident, a com- 
 mittee was appointed by the Corporation, 1787, to consider general improve- 
 ments. The result was a considerable purchase of property and the erection by 
 Mr. Baldwin of the present Baths and their completion, June, 1792. The new 
 Pump Room was evidently planned and commenced with the Baths, but its 
 erection was conducted under greater difficulties and with many changes. 
 Upon the completion of the Baths Mr. Baldwin was dismissed from his appoint- 
 ment of City Architect and Deputy Chamberlain, and in December the following 
 year (1793) a committee reported that ;if2,6oo was required to complete the 
 Pump Room. The whole matter was referred to Dr. Ilarington (the Mayor), 
 Mr. Horton and Mr. Wiltshire, "who are requested to consult with Mr. 
 
 i- <3>> 
 
 mmm 
 
 wmm 
 
 

 
 32 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 The drawing shows the balustrading along the east 
 side of the bath also. This formed a terrace beneath 
 which were steps and slips (the one to the right being called 
 tlie Queen's Slip), which communicated by a gallery with 
 other buildings. 
 
 A house called the "Queen's Lodging" was to the 
 east; its successor, lately (1880) removed, was built early 
 in the i8th century, retaining much of its predecessor's 
 form and construction. It had a court yard in front to 
 the east and another to the west, between it and the 
 Queen's Bath, with which it directly communicated. 
 
 Palmer " (who is sometimes called Builder, at other times Architect), and it 
 was ordered that " Mr. Revely be paid £2^ 9s 6d.,the amount of his expenses, 
 drawing plans of the Baths and Pump Rooms." The following January, 
 :794, the committee reported on the plans and elevation of the Pump Room, 
 drawn by Mr. Palmer, on which they were instructed to proceed "and to call 
 in assistance if required." The Pump Room is not a building of architectural 
 merit, its general plan is excellent, but it is far inferior to the Guildhall, both 
 externally and internally, and greatly inferior to the work of Wood, the 
 Architect of the Assembly Rooms. I think there can be little doubt that the 
 design is neither altogether Baldwin's nor P.almer's, but possibly a combination 
 design, with introductions by Revely. The principal elevation does not 
 harmonise with the Baths and the Colonnade, and is sadly inferior to the very 
 artistic and origin.il facade of its western front. The extract from Pindar, 
 APISTON MEN YAHP, on the Pediment was placed there by Dr. Harington's 
 selection.
 
 On the north side of the gallery was a large house, 
 enlarged after the date of this drawing and still encroaching 
 on the King's Bath. In the iSth century, and perhaps 
 earlier, this house was called the " Star Chamber." Was 
 it so called, as the famous Star Chamber of Westminster, 
 from its containing "eshtars," or acknowledgments of 
 debt (it might have once been the Record Rooms of the 
 Prior), or did it acquire this name as a nickname, as being 
 the lodging of the most distinguished visitors ? Either 
 view has I think equal weight. 
 
 The arcade beneath the late Free Library was a public 
 way only 40 years since, and led from the Bath to the 
 Abbey House, the latter not removed until 1754. I believe 
 this arcade took the place of the gallery which may have 
 been of two storys, and which, as I have previously men- 
 tioned, led to the Royal lodgings, or Abbey House, of 
 Dr. Peirce as described by him. 
 
 The Abbey House was a residence of more consideration 
 than any in Bath and its immediate neighbourhood, with the 
 exception of Newton St. Lo Castle, or Kelston (old) House, 
 It adjoined the south wall of the Abbey Church, to which 
 there was a private entrance,* the doorway still existing, 
 
 * " The convenient situation of my house having on one side a gallery tliat
 
 
 WM 
 
 
 S^?*? ^■^ ir^-.. '"''"^2 
 
 ij 
 
 mm 
 mm 
 
 1^ 
 
 34 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 and had a frontage to the east of 170 feet, with Terrace 
 Gardens, " Pleasaunce," and a Bowh'ng Green extending as 
 far as the city walls, with orchards to the river.* 
 
 In the drawing, exceedingly carefully drawn, is, in the 
 centre of the King's Bath, a large octagon building known 
 as Ihe Cross, including as it did the principal spring, where 
 
 goes into the Kings (the best for Paralytick Persons, if at least they can stand 
 the heat), and on the other side out of my Garden a private Door into the 
 Church, entering by which less notice might be taken of a limping Bride." — 
 "Bath Memoirs," by Dr. Peirce, 1697, p. 79. 
 
 * On the site of the Abbey House, and also on that of the House "the 
 Queen's Lodgings," formerly stood the Palace of John de Villula, Bishop of 
 Bath (and Wells) 1088 to 1 122. Leland speaks of its ruins, although 
 undoubtedly a portion of it, when he visited Bath, was the residence of the Prior 
 of Bath. I believe that the Palace reached westward, very nearly to the margin 
 of the King's Bath, and that the entrance to the Palace from the west was about 
 the position of where the Queen's Bath has been since made. The water of the 
 Bath and the rivulet from it running south would fill the protecting moat 
 of the Palace. So many remains, undoubtedly the work of John de Villula, 
 have been found during the excavations of the Roman Bath, beneath the 
 " Queen's Lodgings," that I am led to this belief. They were mostly found 
 above the level of the fagot foundation that had been placed over the steaming 
 marsh. These architectural fragments may have been taken from the Abbey 
 Church itself, but I think I am more justified in believing that they are portions 
 of the domestic buildings of the Bishop. John de Villula bought the City of 
 Bath from Henry \, for 500 marks, ;^33S 6s. ; rebuilt the Abbey Church, and, 
 in the words of his will protested that "for the honour of God and St. 
 Peter, I have laboured and at length effected with all decent authority, 
 that the Head and Alotlur Church of the Bishopric of Somerset shall be in the 
 City of Bath, in the Church of St. Peter."
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 35 
 
 the water is hottest. This division of the Bath is described 
 in the drawing as "the kitchen." 
 
 The timber foundations of this cross were found during 
 the late excavations, indeed the cross itself must h^ve been 
 in great part a timber erection. It is a cross on plan, 
 with four niches, making it octagonal. Each transept is an 
 elliptical arch enclosed by pilasters supporting a pediment. 
 Cupids and heraldic figures flank the pediments. 
 
 From this rises an octagon, enriched with pierced oval 
 panels on each face with pilasters and a cornice. This 
 octagon supports a scale roofed ogee dome, surmounted 
 by a crowned lion holding a shield. Lofty crocketed 
 pinnacles are at each angle. The building altogether must 
 have exceeded, or at least equalled, 40 feet in height. The 
 earliest representation of it is in this drawing, 1675, and its 
 latest 1 7 So. It was erected in the year 1664 at the 
 expense of the city, costing ;£'i50 4s. Sd.,* with a view of 
 
 * An Account of the charges for erecting the Cross in the King's Bath, 
 Anno Dom. 1664. 
 Imp. Paid Robert Cornish for the hyre of three horses to 
 Neston, for Ben Bowkent, Sam Daw, and my selfe 
 to Bargain for tymber ... ... ... ... 00 04 06 
 
 t This Ben Bowken, mote properly Benedict Beken (variously spelt), afterwards a 
 
 
 ^^- ■ '- — 
 
 
 1:9 « 19:9 ,^ .9 .9 .9 9 9 9 .9 ,9 9 .9 ,9 9 9 .9 .99 9 ,9 9 -C^^:
 
 36 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 0(-"'lii,rJ 
 
 affording protection to the bathers, and was richly painted 
 and gilt, replacing a stone cross (fragments of which were 
 
 5/3,-* 
 
 
 ■J 
 
 Imp. Spent then upon [two Carpenters the plowman & our 
 
 own expenses ... ... ... ... oo 06 06 
 
 „ Paid for the carriage of fower load of tymber from Xeston 03 04 cw 
 
 ,, Paid for horse hyre to Norton for Sam Daw and i.nyselfe 00 03 00 
 
 ,, Spent then upon the plowman and our onne expenses ... 00 02 06 
 
 ,, Paid a Messenger for going to Norton to procure plowes 00 01 00 
 ,, Paid Thos. Parker and Smith for ye caniage of two loads 
 
 of Tymbcr from Norton ... ... ... i 17 00 
 
 ,, Paid Robt. Billett of Neston for squaring the Tymber ... 00 08 00 
 „ Paid for the carriage of tenn cwt. of blew tyles, at l/- 
 
 per Cwt. ... ... ... ... ... 00 10 00 
 
 ,, Paid for horse hyre to Bristol! for Ben Beken to buy 
 
 Tyles and Tarrys ... ... ... ... 00 01 06 
 
 ,, Paid for carriage of two load of Tymber more from 
 
 Norton ... ... ... ... ... 01 17 00 
 
 ,, Paid Parker & Barton for carriage of three loads of 
 
 Tymber from Norton ... .. ... ... 01 16 00 
 
 „ Paid Edward Sheppard the several Bills ... ... 17 17 10 
 
 „ Paid the two Chivelyes ye severall Bills ... ... 10 16 10 
 
 member of the Corporation, was son or grandson of the Beacon, who did the whole of the 
 tUing of the Abbey on its restoration, and gave a window to the south transept. 
 
 Benedict Beacon was a man of property ; he had a timber yard adjoining the pound 
 near the Sawclosc, another timber yard on the banks of the river near the East Gate, called 
 in his lease "A Myre Mixen ;" and in 1660 he built a house against the north side of the 
 Abbey, the breadth of two of the aisle windows. He also was the builder as well as the 
 owner of the Presbyterian House in Frog Lane. 
 
 m
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 37 
 
 found during the excavations) removed the same year. 
 It remained until the year 17S1, when it was ordered to 
 be taken down. Baldwin, a predecessor of mine as City 
 
 Imp. Paid to Samuel 1 Day ye severall Bills ... ... 10 
 
 „ Paid to Willm. Adlington ye severall Bills ... ... 19 
 
 „ Paid to Jeremy Wilshire ye severall Bills ... ... 02 
 
 ,, Paid to Thomas Woodman for Tymber ye Bill ... 02 
 
 „ Paid to Farmer Kyneton for Tymber ye Bill ... ... 08 
 
 „ Paid to Mr. PrestoU for Timber ye Bill ... ... 07 
 
 „ Paid to Benedett Beken ye Bill ... ... ... 05 
 
 „ Paid to John Farr ye Bill ... ... ... ... 01 
 
 ,, Paid to Roger Book ye Bill ... ... ... 04 
 
 „ Paid to Edward Gibbons ye Bill ... ... ... 00 
 
 ,, Paid to Mr. John Chapman ye Bill ... ... ... 00 
 
 ,, Paid to John Harvey ye Bill ... ... ... 4° 
 
 ,, Paid for the carriage of tenn hundred of Tyles more at l/- 00 
 
 „ Paid for the caniage of twelve hundred of Tyles more 
 
 at l/- ... ... ... ... ... 00 
 
 ,, Paid for 32 c. of Tyles att 1/ 2d. per hund. ... ... 01 
 
 „ Paid for two Bushells an a half of Tarrie att 6d. per 
 
 Bushell ... ... ... ... ... 00 
 
 „ Paid for seaven Sacke of Lyme ... ... ... 00 
 
 „ Paid a labourer for tenn days worke, ... ... 00 
 
 „ Paid Thomas Cox for fower days labour, att Is. 6d. per 
 
 diem ... .. ... ... ... 00 
 
 „ Paid for three sacks of Lyme more ... ... ... 00 
 
 ,, Paid John Cox for fower dayes work and for a load of 
 
 stones 
 
 „ Paid for the carriage of the Tarris ... 
 
 „ Paid for two Sacke of Lyme more ... 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 06 
 
 06 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 19 
 
 10 
 
 07 
 
 09 
 
 II 
 
 00 
 
 12 
 
 00 
 
 18 
 
 00 
 
 06 
 
 06 
 
 17 
 
 01 
 
 06 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 00 
 
 12 
 
 IS 
 
 00 
 
 04 
 
 IS 
 
 00 
 
 07 
 
 00 
 
 lO 
 
 00 
 
 06 
 03 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 06 
 04 
 
 02 
 
 06 
 00 
 
 
 ^m^m 
 
 
 
 "m^^i^^ 
 
 ij^m 

 
 Architect, erected another cross* in its place, but as 
 to its material whether of stone or timber, or indeed as 
 to its form, there is no record. It had but a short reign, 
 being removed upon the erection of the present Pump 
 Room in 1796, or within a few years of that date. 
 
 A description of the Baths would not be complete did 
 I not mention, that in addition to the thank-offerings 
 surrounding and embellishing them, there was a number 
 of brass rings inserted in the walls for the use of the 
 bathers. These rings were at one time very numerous, and 
 there are still twelve remaining that were in the Bath at the 
 time of this drawing, or shortly after, on which are the 
 following inscriptions. I include one or two that were 
 in the Cross or Hot Bath, but removed to the King's 
 Bath: 
 
 Lydia White, dawter of William White, Citizen and Draper of London, l6l2. 
 
 T. D., 1639. 
 
 Thos. Windham, Esq., 1664. 
 
 Thos. Windham, of Witham, Esq., gave six rings to this Cross, A.D. 1664. 
 
 Imp. Paid for repairing the Ginn Ropes and Luggs for Scaffolds 00 05 00 
 ,, Paid Goodman Symmons for measuring the Tymber and 
 
 Horse hyre ... ... ... ... ... 00 06 00 
 
 XX Sumedtotall .. 150/ 04J o%de 
 
 * 1 781, Sept — Building called the kitchen in the King's Bath ordered 
 to be taken down, resolved that a new building designed by Mr. Baldwin 
 be erected.
 
 THE HOT MINLRAL BATHS OF BATH. 39 <0)<o> 
 
 ^ : — , — — !o<3^ 
 
 Thanks to Got!, I, John Revet, his Majesty s Brazier, at 50 yrs. of age in yc iCS*<f?>' 
 
 present month of July, 1674, Received Cure of a True I'alsic from Head y^.i^ 
 
 to Foot on one side.* i^ ^ 
 
 Barbara, Dvchess of Clevland, Anno Domini, 1674 (Royal Arms). 5v?,.N^ 
 
 Sir William Whitmore, Barronnet, when Mr. Robert Chapman his Frind ^<0><3> 
 
 was 2nd the Mayor, 1677. '<(>> v' 
 
 The gift of Mrs. Elizabeth Stratton, of London, Anno 1689. '<3J<0^ 
 
 Jasiel Grov, of London, in memoriam providcnti.-e devince, Anno Domini, 1698. VX' J^ 
 
 Sir William Whitmore, Knight and Baronknight, An. Do., 1679. Vi*^!! 
 
 The Gift of Abrm. Rudhall, Bellfounder in Gloucsr. f^IVj 
 
 Tho ; Delves. B : By God's Marcy and Pvmping here Formerly Ayded. JO? S!< 
 
 Against an Inposthvme in his Head, cavsed this to be fixed, June the 13, 1693. O Sil?' 
 
 Many of these rings are handsome and massive, more ^ ^ 
 
 especially the Duchess of Cleveland's and Abraham ^icS- 
 
 Rudhall's. There are several rings which were placed by 1^^ 
 
 the order of the Corporation, in 1654, costing is. a piece, 'fy^0, 
 
 and in 1663, the sum of 9s. was charged for 6 of these '^^ 
 
 Havine described the architecture and the inanimate ,< 
 
 surroundings of the Baths, the crowd of figures requires a j' 
 
 few words of description, to do justice to which is needed || 
 
 the pen of a Planche or a Fairholt. | 
 
 There is scarcely a window in the various blocks of ^ 
 
 buildings which is not more or less occupied with figures. ^1^ 
 
 In the building which is believed to be part of "The 101^ 
 
 Three Tuns" the windows, not glazed, are furnished with .sl?53i 
 
 L_^J ^<^ 
 
 * This is the John Revet who purchased of Parliament the noble equestrian >ii.S^ 
 
 statue of King Charles L, byLe Sa-ur, and who in spite of strict injunctions iJC^Sl 
 
 to break it up concealed it by burying it in the earth, until the restoration of <0> <J?>> 
 
 King Charles H., when it was erected at Charing Cross. <2> <^
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 "^M. 
 
 shutters opening outwards. In the upper story of the first 
 gable are three rrien with curly wigs, without hats, hair cut 
 across the forehead, turndown collars and no beards. In 
 the story beneath is a cavalier, partly hidden by a curtain, 
 with a dark beard. In the upper story of the next gable 
 are a lady and gentKman, the latter bearded and amply 
 wigged ; and beneath, in a window devoid of glass, but 
 shuttered, is a cavalier with a high-crowned slouched hat, 
 with ringlets in excess. 
 
 In the " Hart Lodgings," on which is the date 1618, 
 there are three gentlemen with slouched hats and one with 
 a small hat and short hair, a lady with a hood, and the 
 old lady with hat and ruff previously mentioned. 
 
 In the next house all the figures at the windows 
 appear to be ladies ; they are drawn to so small a scale that 
 this is uncertain, as also whether their head-dress is the 
 " furbelowed scarf" or hood of the period. In the windows 
 of the remaining buildings are many figures ; all appear to 
 be ladies or children, one only having a ruff that must have 
 been old-fashioned at the date of this drawing. 
 
 In both of these houses is an unfinished figure, left, I 
 imagine, to be filled in with the portrait of the landlord. 
 
 The Queen's Bath is almost completely filled with 
 figures which, with one or two exceptions, are ladies ; 
 according to Pepys — " \'cry fine ladies, and the manner 
 
 ^¥¥V¥fffffff¥f¥l 
 
 ■'a: 
 
 f'^'^% w w^
 
 ^ ik i^ 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 pretty enough, only me thinks it cannot be clean to go so 
 many bodies together in the same water. Strange to see 
 how hot the water is and in some places (though this, the 
 Cross Bath, is the most temperate Bath), the springs so hot 
 as the feet not able to endure. Women and men live all 
 the season in these Waters, parboiled and look like the 
 Creatures of the Bath." Swimming was eviJently not 
 permitted in this Bath. 
 
 The King's Bath on the contrary is devoted in great 
 part to swimmers and divers, figures in every imaginable 
 position are disporting themselves wholly or partially 
 clothed, or when juvenile devoid altogether of apparel. 
 
 At the time of this drawing smoking was permitted in 
 the Bath, and in the following century ladies went into the 
 Bath with Bouquets, and coffee was served on trays, whilst 
 gentlemen carried their snuff boxes in little boats. Ladies 
 and gentlemen bathed together, but in the year 1753 the 
 Corporation decided that the Bath should be given three 
 days to the ladies and three to the gentlemen, "and no 
 person to swim in the Bath." This arrangement did not 
 last long, and the decision of the Corporation was repealed, 
 until bathing in the Public Baths becoming less fashionable 
 owing to the Private Baths being more used, the rule 
 was again enforced and governs at the present day.* 
 
 ^ In the Council Book, under the date 1737, is the following entry, which 
 
 ff^^^|^^"|^^'f^f^^f^"^^^|^^^
 
 
 5W 
 
 oc>d<stS0©®©0©d0©@©©eQd®0e©o©e6©e©e 
 
 
 Ite!^ 
 
 eii 
 
 42 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 In the Bath are " sergeants " as they were called, and 
 " guides,"* bearing a child on each shoulder. The ladies 
 wear muslin capes and laced and frilled gowns, the 
 gentlemen have a sort of full pantaloon with a turbaned 
 head-dress. f The niches and "the kitchen" within the 
 cross are full of people, and one man is holding a jug and 
 long-stemmed glass, into which he is about to pour the 
 mineral water. 
 
 The terrace within the balustrade is crowded with 
 figures all more or less occupied in gazing at the bathers. 
 
 The little gallery on the south of the Queen's Bath 
 contains three ladies and three gentlemen, the gentlemrn 
 having hats of different patterns, the slouch, the pointed 
 and castor hat, the central figure having the large falling 
 collar in fashion in Cliarles I.'s reign ; a figure in similar 
 
 I cannot explain : — "Agreed that the King's Bath shall be separated in such 
 manner as the Physicians and such persons shiU agree." 
 
 * At the date of this print the Sergeant took the receipts of the Baths, 
 There were the "men and women guides," the men guides being subsequently 
 called "Sergeants." There were also cloth women. Payments to these officials 
 in 1696 were as follows : — Sergeant of Bath, 5s. ; Chairman iS times, los. ; Nurse 
 (Tanner), 7s. 6d. ; Guide, 7s. 6d. ; Foot cloth women, 2s. 6d. ; these p.iyments 
 were voluntary. In 1778 the charges were regulated as follows : — is. 6d. in 
 the Public Bath ; Private, 3s. ; Vapour, 3s. ; Vapour and Public Bath, 4s. ; 
 Dry Pump (Douche), 6d. ; 100 Strokes, Pump in Public Bath, 3d. ; 100 
 Strokes, the attendants an extra fee. 
 
 t According to Dingley, " The men enter with waistcoats and drawers for 
 the purpose, ye women with yellow shifts set off with ribbons." 
 
 00©8a@o©©ea90©>s©«0©©0e©©oa©0©©©©©©e0©©s@0a©©©©©©0©0e0©©©©©©9^
 
 ^5»s^^c^.:^Ci/:..;;^.c;..:.::..;..':.:..;.^;\;:.;:^;:^,;;.:..,;.:. ;^:;:.,^,.,,..:.J.,:..^;. ;.,;:.^^ 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF HATH. 43 
 
 dress is looking down from the galkry close to the "dry 
 pump," as also another in front of the " Hart lodgings," 
 who has a gauntleted hand. 
 
 At the north-west corner of the gallery is the figure of 
 
 'I^S^M 
 
 •i'^^jw.; 
 
 a clergyman dressed in black, with falling bands, some- :l'^^'~'''J 
 
 what lank hair, and a larf^c low-crowned hat. Ihis is i'?'^;*^-; 
 
 probably intended for the Rev. Joseph Glanvill, then Rector t^' °:,' ; 
 
 at the Abbey. '^S?si:'i 
 
 In the north gallery are many figures, ladies in i>s?.'^!'^: 
 
 hoods and gentlemen in various forms of slouched hats |jw|f^'.;^ 
 
 and ringlets. Bfe'i?^''- 
 
 Beneath the clock is a gentleman, very likely a portrait r ' ^i§ '■ .■ 
 
 of a notable character, in a lace-edged, turn-up hat, ;-;&!?!sj!'- 
 
 wearing a jerkin buttoned down the front. Could this ^^'d*©'-"^ 
 
 have been intended for the Mayor's Officer, whose duty 
 was to receive the bathers and maintain order ? This officer 
 in the time of Guidott was George Masters, a " sworn 
 attorney" and the town clerk. According to the Corporation 
 Records Mr. Theodore Wakeman was elected August 27th, 
 167s, in succession to Mr. Richard Wakeman, deceased. 
 Theodore, dying in December, was succeeded by Edward 
 Bushell, elected January 4th, 1675-76, "comon Clark and 
 Prothonotary of this Citty." This sketch may be a repre- 
 sentation of one of these three officials. I may mention 
 
 re] 

 
 ^^^, ^^}€^^^^;!_^ ^^C^^\i^;|5;; )Of^^j^, ^^C^^C^, }0€^^^^ „^C^ 
 
 44 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OK BATH. 
 
 m 
 
 that there are two or three heads at the windows left 
 incomplete, which were no doubt intended to be filled in 
 v^\\h portraits of well-known characters or the landlords of 
 the houses. 
 
 The figures in the foreground are fourteen full-length 
 sketches, affording a very good idea of the style of dress of 
 the date. Both the ladies and the gentlemen aj pear to be 
 in light colours, and two out of five of the hats are also 
 light. 
 
 Briefly described the following is the costume, com- 
 mencing from the left. First, Gentleman — Long hair, 
 no hat, wearing the loose coat introduced by Charles II., 
 1666, with turn-up cuff, a double row of tagged ribbons 
 terminating the breeches, garters below the knee with bows 
 or " favours," corked shoes with winged bows. Nos. 
 Two, Three, Five — Ladies hooded or scarfeJ, long- 
 waisted, short-sleeved, large collars of lace or point coupe, 
 very full petticoats, or rather skirts, tucked up and tied 
 back at the waist, with a large bow^ displaying close 
 petticoat or cotillon beneath, reaching to the ground. 
 These tucked-up skirts were called manteaux, and when let 
 down formed a train, the length of which was regulated 
 according to the rank of the wearer. BETWEEN THREE 
 and Five is another lady in similar costume, but omitting 
 the collar. AFTER THE Fifth Figure there are several 
 
 ^^ik ^^fe-^l^^^ -mM^^ H^^^M^ ^^3i?^^'
 
 Sa55- 
 
 i$m¥m^ 
 
 mmEmmM 
 
 MIMk/j/^i^Mk}, 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 45 
 
 heads seen above the balustrade, one lady holding a 
 folding-fan.* SIXTH, GENTLEMAN— Half-length, slouch 
 hat and ringlets. SEVENTH, GENTLEMAN— Looking down 
 into thj Bath, wearing a very low-crowncd hat and a 
 quilted coat ; canions or cannons with the lining coming 
 below and " ruffled, tagged ribbons, like a pigeon's leg," 
 and high-heeled .shoes. EIGHTH, GENTLEMAN— Low- 
 crowned hat, similar coat to No. i, tied in cannons, garter 
 and bow, shoes and winged strings. NINTH, Gentleman 
 — The only figure with a sword which hangs from a broad 
 baldrick, slouch hat and long hair, coat with short sleeves 
 and turn-up cuff, show^ing sleeve of vest or "cassocke" 
 tied in cannons, and shoes. This is the most grace- 
 fully sketched figure in tlic drawing, and is apparently 
 in the act of throwing money into the Bath for which the 
 two boys are about to dive — a common practice of the time, 
 as mentioned by Guidott. Sir George Speke, the ancestor 
 of the di.scovercr of the source of the Nile, was elected 
 Member for Bath, 1675. I should like to prove this 
 drawing was intended for him. Tenth, Gentleman — 
 Hat, hair and coat as No. 7, petticoat breeches (as they 
 were called) with ribbons, garter below the knee and bow, 
 
 • The Stonor Balustrade at this point stands on the Rom.in wall, the 
 boundary of the Great Bath ; this is the only bit of ancient work that remained 
 above the surface of the ground through the middle ages until now, and 
 curiously enough has been overlooked by all antiquaries. 
 
 •A'd*Li<'^U a'>.'j:.*.^ >*>.-«*. >,>*«— i* J* ..- J.Si»3*3^^
 
 
 46 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OK BATH. 
 
 shoes, and strings. ELEVENTH, Lady — As No. 2, omitting 
 lace collar. TWELFTH, Lady— As the other ladies, but 
 the dress low showing the neck, the dress being cut pointed 
 behind. The next figure is that of a lady like the others, 
 but simpler, and with a sort of full kerchief round the neck. 
 All the figures are very carefully drawn ; but those of the 
 ladies are wanting in grace ; the fashion of the ladies' dress, 
 the heads in large hoods, and the fulness cf the drapery 
 are particularly clumsy, whilst the dress of the men is 
 peculiarly picturesque. 
 
 It is a pity that this drawing does not include a few 
 Sedan chairs, as they were then used in Bath, although 
 scarcely known at the time in London. The bathers, 
 when not residing in one of the lodgings overlooking 
 the Bath, were usually packed in a sheet and blankets* and 
 sent home in a chair. Sedan chairs were within the last 
 thirty years still used in Bath, but are now entirely replaced 
 by the wheel chairs. In the end of the last century there 
 were only 20 licensed Hackney coaches in the city, 
 whilst there were 250 Sedan chairs. 
 
 * To the Cross Bath where we were carried . . . Carried away 
 wrapped in a sheet, and in a chair home (I stayed above two hours in the water), 
 to bed sweating for an hour." — Fepy's Diary, l66S. 
 

 
 OW.C ^i® 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 47 
 
 This drawing is a most valuable record, as it represents 
 the busy state of the King's Batli and its original form 
 when the Cross Bath (enlivened by a band) was the 
 favourite and most fashionable bathing place. 
 
 Pepys, previously quoted, who visited Bath in 1668, has ««§('* 
 
 the following in his Diary: — Monday, June 15 — "Looked ^S3i« 
 
 into the Baths, and found the King's and Queen's full of ©I5H!'® 
 
 a mixed sort of good and bad, and the Cross almost only *'&il« 
 
 for the gentry." The drawing illustrates this memorandum §l'^!« 
 
 to the life. It is a pity a sketch is not extant of the J^i© 
 
 Cross Bath. |&|g 
 
 In examining this drawing it must be remembered it ©iS'.d!® 
 
 was drawn before Bath had become the fashionable City that Sl^i* 
 
 it became in the following century, and whilst the town was o U'*i!S 
 
 still confined within the walls and gates of the mediaeval SKI'*' 
 
 city, and nearly 50 years before the erection of Queen 
 Square and the Parades, or any systematic attempt to build 
 beyond the ancient borough was commenced. 
 
 In order that a slight description may be given of the 
 City of Bath, or rather its prominent features, and of the 
 habits of the people, as far as can be ascertained, and of tlie 
 places of resort, &c., an imaginary visitor may be 
 introduced, who it must be assumed is a " Person of 
 Quality." 
 
 A visitor to Bath at the date of this print may have 
 
 «» 
 
 i 
 
 e60gs6ooodo@ee33S3assa@392Sa9eo@933S3a9oaig>ess93oogosoo@sse^ 
 
 _. »g
 
 
 48 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 come from London by one of the five daily coaches,* taking 
 two or three days on the road ; or he might come in his 
 own coach-f- or on horseback, engaging a guide from place to 
 place, staying at Reading, Newbury and Marlborough, 
 feeing the menders of the highway from place to place. 
 On the road he would pass Littlecot, the home of Colonel 
 Sir Francis Popham, K.C.B., RI.P. for Bath, who had lately 
 died (April) ; and on entering Kingsdown he would look 
 down on the house of the recently elected member in his 
 stead. Sir George Speke, of Hazlebury, Box, and VVhi'.e 
 Lackington. He might also see Squire Skrene's old 
 house at Warleigh, and Claverton House of the Bassetts, 
 at times M.P.'s for Bath, who also then owned (Bath) 
 Hampton. The visitor would enter Bath by the north 
 
 * 1696 — Charges to Bath in the 3 day Coach : — 
 Coach Hire each 
 In ye 2 day Coach 
 
 Company No. 9. 
 Colebrook dinner 
 Redding supper 
 Newbury dinner 
 Marlborough supper 
 
 Sandy Lane August 27, (White Hart Inn— C. E. D.) 
 MS. mem. in old book. 
 f The coach started early in the morning from the Saracen's Head, in 
 Friday Street. Newbury was reached at night ; the quaiters were at the 
 Lion. The next day the Crown Inn at Marlborough was reached in time for 
 breakfast, the Bear Inn, at Devizes, for dinner, and the White Hart, Bath, 
 at night.— From "A Step to l!,..- Bath, 1700." 
 
 01 
 
 CXJ 
 
 00 
 
 01 
 
 05 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 6 
 
 
 13 
 
 S 
 
 
 10 
 
 

 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 49 
 
 gate, usually called the Town Gate, passing in Walcot 
 Street a terraced house, which, I believe, was Walcot Manor 
 house, where now stands the Penitentiary. After passing 
 the Manor house a few paces, Carnwell or Ladywell, with its 
 tower and cross, would be on his right ; and following the 
 banks of the river, he would see on his left the malt-houses, 
 the tanneries and the weaving shops of the broad cloth 
 (there were 70 looms), Cadiz, Galloon and flannel, known 
 as Bath Coating. Remnants of the buildings still exist. 
 The Corn Market of the present time was the Cavalry 
 Barracks, but there is no record of troops occupying 
 them at the time of our visit, 1675. 
 
 Fronting the North Gate, was St. Michael's Conduit. 
 "Four Ionic columns at the angles supported a cornice 
 and entablature and dome, surmounted by a central 
 pedestal crowned with an hour glass." This Conduit a few 
 years after our visit formed part of a scene famous in local 
 history. Under St. Michael's Church was a tailor's shop. 
 The family who kept it were for three hundred years 
 Bath citizens of repute. A descendant directs at a 
 Government office in Pall Mall. The sign of the lay 
 rector of (Bath) Hampton, Fisher, faced the Conduit a 
 few doors eastward of where his descendant at present 
 carries on a business, not however that of his ancestor. 
 
 I T I f imilIT:i j J JJ TTt f ' -rrT^y j ry 
 
 G
 
 
 so 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 Over the North Gate was the " Picture of King Bladud," 
 periodically painted at a charge of 7s. to the City, and 
 beneath the gate was a dungeon. There were quarters 
 for soldiers in the gateway and an armoury. I find 
 under the year 1662 a payment of £,2() 19s. 6d. for 16 
 muskets, 12 pikes and 16 swords, whilst in 1669 there is 
 a credit of £^ for the sale of old armour. Soldiers were 
 maintained in this gateway and in Gascoign's Tower. 
 The militia were mustered and drilled in the Kingsmead. 
 
 On entering the gateway the distinguished visitor would 
 be welcomed by the ringing of the City church bells, for 
 which he would be charged £,\ ; and the Mayor, Mr. John 
 Bush, would purchase of Mr. Berkeley Carne for the sum 
 of £,2 3s. 6d. wine and a sugar-lofe for presentation to 
 the visitor and lady. 
 
 On his arrival in the City the visitor would find the 
 streets all paved (paving stones being only 6d. a load), 
 although in the City of London cobbles or "Guernsey 
 pebbles" were the only paving till as late as 1765. The 
 High Street was a larger area than at present. The 
 Market was held in it, but the Fairs, of which there were 
 three, were held in the suburbs.* 
 
 • One Fair was held on St. Calixtus Day, and was a very important one. 
 Under date soth King Edward IH. in " Prynne's Records in the Tower of 
 London" I find the following -.—"The inhabitants of Bath complain that 

 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 SI 
 
 Within the Gate was another Conduit, dedicated to St. 
 Mary, handsomer tlian tlic last. On the Coronation of 
 King Charles II., fourteen years before, this fountain 
 ran with claret ; large bonfires were burnt in front of it ; 
 the bells rang, the Mayor went to Church in procession, 
 and the day was given up to festivity.* 
 
 Beyond the Conduit, in the centre of the High 
 Street, the visitor would come to the Guildhall, designed, 
 according to Wood, by Inigo Jones (whose mother was 
 a "Wife of Bath)," and built, according to the city 
 records, during the years 1626, 1627 and 1628. It was an 
 arcaded building, six arches on the east and west, and 
 two on the north and south, supporting the justice 
 rooms, where the Court of Record, I believe, was held 
 
 whereas they had a fair there at the Feast of St. Calixte (or St. Kalixtus the 
 Pope), the Town of Bristol being but ten miles from there, have raised a Fair 
 at Bristol the same day, and forbidding all their Townsmen upon pains to bring 
 any ware to the same Fair of Bath, whereof they pray remedy. — Taken before 
 the Council." 
 
 * Fireworks at the Coronation 
 
 Bonfires 
 
 3 Hhd. of Beare given to the Souldiers and the Maids 
 
 Tobacco, bread & cheese for Souldiers 
 
 Do. do. to the Ringers 
 
 Thomas Guffm's boy for playing before the Maids... 
 
 Thomas Quilby for Gilding 
 
 Powder 
 
 Wine 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 16 
 
 «3 
 II 
 
 2 
 
 I 
 
 '4 
 
 7
 
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 as well as ordinary magisterial business, and where the 
 County Assizes took place in the years 1660 and i66r, 
 after Crowned-Heads and His Highness the Protector 
 had been petitioned in vain to remove them lo Bath. The 
 Mayor's entertainments, at the cost of the City, were not held 
 at the Hall, but at the Bear or the Hart. Dinner and wine 
 for the whole Corporation costs £2 "s. 6d., Canairi wine 
 being 4s. a bottle. Sack 4s., a hhd. of Beare i8s. 4d., and 
 partridges is. 8d. a brace — the venison being presented by 
 the Lord Berkeley or Mr. Popham. Dramatic performances 
 were occasionally held in the Guildhall. In 1673 is a pay- 
 ment of IS. to the Players at the Towne Hall.* 
 
 The visitor would find a tolerably substantial row of 
 houses, including the old " Counsell House," completed 
 1569, on the east of the High Street, the Free School, in the 
 nave of St. Mary's Church (the master of the school being 
 then in receipt of _^20 a year), and the City Gaol in the 
 Tower, the gaoler of which was paid by the prisoners, an 
 allowance being made by the Corporation of a load or two of 
 
 * In the Town Hall that preceded this one there were frequent dramatic 
 performances. In the Chamber Roll of expenses for 1567 — ' Given to the Erie 
 of Bathes [Bouchier, C.E.D.] Players, \iis. nW. ;" and for 1572, 1573, are the 
 following payments: — "To my Lorde of Wourcesteres Players, vij-. iirfl ; 
 for fryst [frieze] to make . the musicion's coates, Kviii.f. ixi^. ; to my Lorde 
 of Sussex Players, iiiij. ii</. " 
 
 mm 
 
 is 
 
 mm 
 mm 
 Mm 
 
 y^l
 
 res'? 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 53 
 
 straw. The houses on the west side of the High Street were 
 unlike those on the opposite side, as they were almost all 
 built on oak pillars, the ground floor being open to the 
 public, except where corn was pitched or goods were 
 sold. 
 
 Before going to the Baths, the nearest way to which 
 would be by the public footway, through the north aisle of 
 the Abbey, where those of the most ancient but little 
 respected faith were buried, the visitor would naturally seek 
 a lodging. He would find that all the inhabitants, from the 
 Mayor downwards, either kept Inns, or made the letting 
 of lodgings a source of profit with other things. 
 
 Should he desire lodgings without the walls, he would 
 find the most roomy accommodation at Mr. John Small- 
 comb's, the Black Swan, on the Oxford Road, afterwards 
 called Broad Street. This house had the usual Court yard, 
 except that it was unenclosed towards the south, where it 
 overlooked a bowling green, then in formation, and to the 
 west, where was the Town Acre or Butts, now Milsom 
 Street. 
 
 Mr. Henry Chapman, Mayor in 1664 and again in 1676, 
 kept sumptuous lodgings at the west gate (three years later 
 the residence of W. Duckett, Esq.), and outside the gate 
 there was a less pretentious residence, Kingsmead House, 

 
 
 
 the owners of which were not always the most loyal 
 subjects. 
 
 Hostelries there were many in the City. There were 
 the Cross Bow and the Cross Dagger, the Three Tuns, the 
 Catherine Wheel, the White Horse, the Three Horse 
 Shoes, and the St. George. There were Inns where the 
 Pilgrims formerly stayed — the Angel, the St. Christopher, 
 St. Peter's Keys, and the Lamb and Flag, the latter facing 
 Lere lane, the entrance to the Monastery. For Political 
 or Loyal signs, there were the Badges of the Red and 
 White Rose, the Castle of Edward H., the Falcon 
 and Fleur de Lys of his successor, the Sun and the 
 Hart of Richard H. (the latter equally with Edward 
 IV.), the Black Swan, previously mentioned, of Henry 
 IV., the Chained Swan in Cheap Street, of Henry V., 
 the White Greyhound and Cock of Henry VIII., the 
 Falcon of Elizabeth, the Unicorn of James, and the Rose 
 and Thistle of Charles, and lastly the Bear, the Portcullis 
 and the Talbot badges of neighbouring families. 
 
 In addition to these there were lodgings at Mr. Charles 
 Bave's, in Bimbury, at Dr. Somershall's (then preparing a 
 work on the Bath Waters) at the Hot Bath, at "Mr.
 
 
 k6i«e>S','/<^j 
 
 : 'i; *::'•'■>!;;, 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 55 
 
 Savil's on the Rampire," Mr. Walter Gibbes's (Mayor in 
 1665), at the " Hart Lodgings," over the Queen's Bath, at 
 the lodgings of the Chapmans, Widow Swallow, Symon 
 Sloper, Barkeley Came, Mr. Noble and several others, with 
 direct access to the Baths, and at Dr. Peirce's, in the Abbey 
 House. Dr. Peirce's lodgings, as I have previously ex- 
 plained, were most commodious, with garden and bowling 
 green (at the time of our visit he had not published his 
 book). As I fear his house was not the best conducted, 
 I will take our visitors to the White Hart. This house, 
 with another Hostel, was originally possessed by the 
 Chapman family, a John Chapman as early as 15 51 
 having been the landlord, and a widow, Joan Chapman, 
 being the hostess in 1614. I think the host in 1675 was 
 the Mr. Henry Chapman who also rented the Westgate 
 House ; in fact, he was also Captain of the Trained Band.* 
 In addition to the lodgings at the Baths, George Chapman 
 kept the Beare at "ye corner of Cheape Street," and 
 Nathaniel the White Horse. 
 
 The White Hart stood where the Pump Room Hotel 
 
 • Author of " Thermse Redivivoe, 1673," and the Captain Chapman who 
 imprisoned the Councillors, 1661, and whom we liave frequently referred to. 
 
 •^y* 
 
 ■^ ^'-W'"- 
 
 
 wmm 
 
 Wr-" 
 
 
 
 ■^vNC^viDt 
 
 i^si.- 
 
 W^i:^ 
 
 :.'i- 
 
 
 j'^^'J- 
 
 
 awM 
 
 i&a».i&w<S>„<fc&«&'SjSs,*.,<K,&,^i&,*ja
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 now stands ; it faced Stall's Churchyard to the west, the 
 houses of which were mostly timbered, with pent house 
 shops, wooden balconies and gabled roofs. A carriage drive 
 went through the hotel to the stables and a lodging famous 
 twenty-five years later as the Lanthorn House, which stood 
 in the lane that led from Stall Street to the Cross Bath, 
 Pepy's diary gives an idea of what the charges were for 
 staying at an Inn. He arrived in Bath with a party of 
 five, after paying for their dinner at the old Inn, Phillips 
 Norton, ids. On the evening of Friday, June I2th, 1668, 
 they supped and got up the following morning at four, 
 " Bathed, went to Bristol, where they all dined for 7s. 6d., 
 drove back to Bath by moonshine." He left Bath after 
 breakfast, Monday the 15th, and "paid reckoning, £1 
 8s. 6d. ; servants, 3s ; poor, is." He paid also "for my 
 Coach and Horse to Bristol, £1 is. 6d. ; coachman, is." 
 Most of the " Quality " stayed at the White Hart ; General 
 Sir Thomas Fairfax was there in 1649, the Lord Cromwell's 
 Secretary in 1650, the Duke of Monmouth in 1668, and 
 doubtless the dinner was given in this house by the 
 Mayor in 1673, when a charge is entered "Mayor's 
 expenses at eating the Lord Delamor's venison ;^5 8s."
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 57 
 
 On our visitor taking up his lodgings at the hotel, 
 he would be welcomed by the City Waits or Minstrels, 
 who continued for another loo years to disturb the first 
 night's rest of new comers, until they were "discharged" in 
 1775 by the Corporation, although a few years before 
 they were regularly appointed to play at all times before 
 the Mayor at the cost to the city of four guineas per 
 annum. 
 
 I may conclude that the next morning the visitor 
 would go to the Baths, the King's Bath being the nearest, 
 and to the Barkley Came Slip, it being immediately 
 opposite. Dr. Peirce, who succeeded Dr. Venner in 1653, 
 and continued until 171 5 as Physician, appointed and 
 paid by the Corporation, describes the bathing of the time. 
 He appears to have been the great authority, although 
 in the summer, when bathing was at that time most 
 prescribed, as many as twenty-five temporarily resident 
 Physicians might be appealed to for advice. Our visitor 
 going to the Carne Slip would find little accommodation ; 
 there was barely room for his clothes, but his wife going 
 to the opposite or north east corner of the King's Bath 
 would find the Queen's Slip a trifle more roomy. In 
 acknowledgment of her rank she would be conducted 
 
 
 iSl 
 
 
 ^^''
 
 
 (gel 
 
 ^^^'^"^1^ Q'^i 'O'^ Q X: C^'"^^ O"^^ 
 
 
 58 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 into the Bath, as was customary, by the " good wife," Mrs. 
 Bush, the Mayor's wife, or Mistress Bush, his daughter. 
 
 Wood, the architect, seventy years later than our 
 visit, tells us that there were Sergeants to preside over the 
 Bath,* "who bear the rank of gentlemen," Cloth-women 
 and Bath Guides, the " rewards being honorary." " The 
 Cloth-women attend and assist bathers ; the Guides 
 supply linen and accompany them into the Bath.""!- After 
 the Bath the visitors would be wrapped in flannel, placed 
 in a Sedan chair and taken home, where they would have 
 to dress, there being no room in the Baths, unless a room 
 was engaged in one of the lodgings adjoining the Bath. 
 
 The City of Bath and the suburbs, at the time of our 
 visit, occupied an area of 50 acres. Wood, the architect, 
 whose description was largely made use of by Lord 
 
 * They were Sergeants of the Mace ("qualified attornies"), and some 
 years later their appointment exceeded ^ 100 in value each. 
 
 t Pepys says — so "Home with my wife, and did pay my guides, two 
 women, 53. ; one man, 2s. 6d. ; poor, 6d. ; woman, to lay my foot cloth, is." 
 The guides (8 men and 8 women) were first appointed to the King's Bath 
 in 1616. In a copy of Dr. Peirce's book, lent me by Mr. Lewis, of The Bath 
 Herald, are some MS. notes at the end, under date 1696 — "Canvass waist- 
 coate and drawers (for bathing in), 6s. ; Flannel, f of a yard. Is. 6d. ; Buttons, 
 Is. ; Making, 3s. ; Sergeant of the Bath, 5s. ; Chairman, 18 times, los. ; 
 Nurse Tanner, 7s. 6d. ; Guide, 7s. 6d. ; Foot Cloth Women, 2s. 6d. ; Poor, 
 2s, 6d." A portion of this note I have quoted in a note in page .
 
 m* /> »«. 9 »w o /• • 
 
 ^^f oc«.^*»^»- o^-i(j»» ^i.R9**n««>a»^^*^^**9*j^9JMi^#"»,9f^9,««.9>»f^9>J^.9>»^ 
 
 
 utfete«o«rC' 4)' 6 iivo i**''0 u 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 59 
 
 Macaulay in his history, speaks In most disparaging 
 terms of the streets, the houses, and the lodgings ; but 
 
 to show what 
 skill, very much 
 One instance of 
 He says, " there 
 
 unfortunately Wood,* in his anxiety 
 
 benefits the city had gained from his 
 
 exaggerated the real state of the case. 
 
 exaggeration is sufficient to prove this. 
 
 was scarcely a sash window in this city, and that the 
 
 wainscoat panelling was never painted." In these days 
 
 we may pardon the want of paint to the oak, but as to 
 
 sash windows there are twenty or thirty houses within the 
 
 city walls still remaining that were built several years 
 
 before Wood's advent, of very considerable architectural 
 
 - Wood says that in 1644 (,thirty-one years previous to our visitor entering 
 Bath) " all kinds of disorders were growTi to their highest pitch in Bath ; 
 insomuch that the streets and public ways of the City were become like so 
 many dung-hills, slaughter-houses, and pig-styes ; for soil of all sorts and 
 even carrion was cast and laid in the streets, and the pigs turned out by day to 
 feed and rout among it. Butchers killed and dressed their cattle at their own 
 doors ; people washed every kind of thing they had to make clean at the 
 common Conduit in the open street ; and nothing was more common than small 
 racks and mangers at almost every door for the baiting of horses. Tlie Baths 
 were like so many Bear Gardens, and modesty was entirely shut out of them. 
 People of both sexes bathed by day and niglit naked ; and dogs, cats, pig', 
 and even human creatures were hurled over the rails into the water whilst 
 people were bathing in it." 
 
 
 s: 
 
 
 c:>-: 
 
 ^.»f5;??5-?;f.?.«??;?-r.'?::r5,?,;?s'?'r.S5?-?.: 
 
 sj9ss^;«;s*?s??- 

 
 style, with large windows, that is to say, not mullioned ; 
 and in a few there are still the oak sashes, dating 
 as far back as 1700 to 17 10. The supply of spring 
 water was ample, and the scavcngering in advance of 
 the age ; even as far back as 1613, 1614, and 1615* the 
 city was cleansed and bye-laws were made for its complete- 
 ness, and still further amended and improved 30 years later. 
 
 • 1613. — It is also ordered that the Bedell and every Tithing man, within 
 his Tythinge, doe weekely suiTey the condon annoyance &s casting of soile over 
 the Towne walls, and every Munday present the same to the Towne Clarke to 
 be signified in Court that the oiTenders may be punished. 
 
 1614. — It is ordered that a Scavenger shall be appointed, and that the rule 
 now agreed upon shall stand. And that Collectors shall be chosen in every 
 Tythinge. That every man doe bring or send his dust to be brought to the 
 Scavenger's Cai-t, upon warning ordinarily given, in some Vessell to be emptied 
 into the s,aid cart. And if any doe refuse to collect the said Rent that he be 
 imprisoned, and a payne upon them that doe not pay the Rate towards the 
 Scavenger. 
 
 1615. — It is ordered that in every Tythinge one man shall be appointed at 
 Michaelmas yearly for the Collection of the Scavenger's wages quarterly, to 
 continue for one year together, and those men to be chosen by the house. And 
 for this present yeare, Mr. Maior, for Westgate Streate ; John Palmer, within 
 the Gate, for Northgate Streate ; William Stevens, for Stalls Streate ; Simon 
 Benion, for Chepe Streate ; Robert Richardson. fy-rBinbury Tythinge. Audit 
 is further ordered that if any doe refuse to paie the rates sett downe they shal be 
 forthwitth committed to Prison, there to remain untill they have paid the same.
 
 '0''0'i^0W<^W0"^"0W0W0W'^^W0W^^0^'0W^ 
 
 ^;' 
 
 
 :,i>?-.- 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 6l 
 
 Coal fires, considered a luxury in 1675 elsewhere, had 
 long been common in Bath. The Corporation had " Cole- 
 works " in Hallatrow and in I'aulton, worked under their 
 license by Mr. Fisher, Mr. Francis Jones, and Dr. and Mr. 
 Bave for 34 years, and by others for upwards of a hundred 
 years.* 
 
 The streets were doubtless narrow, and not publicly 
 lighted until i702,f but the Corporation had fortunately 
 the control of more than three-fifths of the city, the Charity 
 property, and their own ; and on granting new leases, 
 which were renewed at very short intervals, they had 
 already commenced compelling their tenants to set back 
 the fronts of their houses. 
 
 For the visitors there were ample opportunities of 
 amusement. 
 
 A London Newspaper (T/ic Nczves Letter), to be 
 seen at all times at the residence of the Mayor, was 
 taken at the charge of the Corporation. We may smile at 
 
 * Under Corporation payments for 1587— " Paid for ix. sacke of cole for 
 the almes folk, vij-. \\\ul." 
 
 t "Agreed that 10 various lights shall be setup in the City, to be paid 
 for by a Poor Rate." — Council Book. 
 
 ^-''' 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 such an arrangement at the present time, but probably one 
 would have had to travel to Bristol to gain access to 
 another.* 
 
 The Royal Game of Tennis could be enjoyed in the 
 Tennis Court, one of the entrances to which was from the 
 Queen's Bath ; there were a large Racquet and a Fives 
 Court immediately without the West Gate ; there were 
 Butts in the Town Acre, now Milsom Street ; there was 
 the Game of Bowles in the new Bowling Greens, and 
 also where is now Mr. Peach's shop at the Exchange, and 
 at Dr. Peirce's ; there was fishing in the River and in the 
 Moat, in the Ham Gardens ; there was also a Cock Pit (near 
 where the pound is in the Saw Close), and a Bull Ring. 
 Society has very properly condemned these two latter forms 
 of amusement ; but if our ancestors were cruel they were 
 more considerate than we are on one point. There was a 
 Hot Bath for cattle, fed by the surplus water of the King's 
 Bath. There might be one now, as there is ample water to 
 spare. 
 
 From the " Gravel Walk," afterwards called the 
 Orange Grove, the visitor would enjoy a fine view of the 
 
 « Feb. 1672-3 — " Agreed by generall consent that five-and-twenty shillings 
 shall be quarterly paid for a Nczves Letter to be sent to the Mayor of this City 
 for the tyme being, & to remayne at his house for the publique view of this 
 Corporation, the first quarter beginning from the sixth day of the present 
 February." — Council Book. 
 
 Wf^ms^m'^^mmsmw:3^mm^^^^^^^s^sm 
 
 Lr.^2k^k:^kSi&ik^.kk^kiriSk^
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 63 
 
 valley eastward, in which the hamlet of Bathwick would 
 occupy a small area, and in the distance he would see the 
 Village of Batheaston, then called Easton, with its weaving 
 shops and " cloth-laiers." The embrasures of the City wall 
 at this part had been only recently removed, and an open 
 palisade substituted to give a freer prospect. Immediately 
 beneath the walls was the mill known as Monk's Mill, used 
 for fulling cloth of the weavers of the City and of Walcot 
 without the walls, as it had been formerly used for fulling 
 the cloth of the Benedictines. 
 
 The Town Clock up to 1635 was in the tower of Stalls 
 Church at the corner of Chepe Street, opposite the " Beare 
 corner," and this, as well as the one at the King's Bath, 
 and a third in the Gable of St. John's Hospital, was paid for 
 and maintained at the charges of the Corporation. Nineteen 
 years before our visitor came to Bath the ruined Church of 
 Stalls had been ordered to be taken down, and the materials 
 employed on the reparation of St. Peter's. St. Michael's 
 Chapel at the north end of the Cross Bath was occupied as 
 a house ; St. Mary's Church, near the North Gate, had no 
 longer any religious service within its walls. St. James'.s, at 
 the South Gate (the tower of which, somewhat similar to 
 that of Widcombe, was not removed until about 1850), and 
 the Cathedral were practically the only churches within the 
 walls. At the Cathedral, or as it is called the Abbey, 
 
 JvvVS
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 the Rector, the Rev. Joseph Glanvill, Chaplain to the 
 King, assisted by Master Nat. Masters, or at times by 
 a preacher paid for by the Corporation, might be heard 
 daily throughout the year. The organist's salary, and 
 ;^io towards the choir, were given by the same body a 
 few years later, if not in 1675 ; and previous to this 
 date a regular salary was paid to the "ordinary." This 
 Church was not crowded up with houses, except at one or 
 two points. The Abbey House on the south was complete ; 
 there was a small house on the corresponding side to the 
 north ; there were also houses against the north transept ; 
 and, as far as I can gather, there was a small building 
 beneath the east window used as a charnel house. The 
 continuous row of houses that clustered all round the 
 Abbey, with the exception of the west and east doors, 
 were not built till subsequently to this date. 
 
 A few names well known in Bath at the present time, 
 with a number of others altogether lost, the visitor would 
 find borne by the industrious citizens ; Vintners, Dyers, 
 Clothiers, Weavers, Spinners, Scriveners, Lawyers and the 
 ordinary tradesmen. There was Edward White, William 
 Child, Henry Parker, a Gibbes, a Bush, a Field, a Davis, a 
 Sayce, a Biggs, a Stone, a Bright, a Horton, a Butler, a Bave, 
 an Allen, and an Abbot ; whilst the famous names of 
 
 ■■?^? 
 
 mmwmwwwwwwwm\
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 65 
 
 J05 
 
 Sherstone, Prynne, Masters, Baber, Chapman, and Collibee, 
 which lie would find, are no longer to be met with * 
 
 Towards the end of the iSth century there was a great 
 accession of new names from the adjoining towns and 
 villages. Those that mostly rule now came amongst us 
 then or during the following 50 years, and are, as it were, 
 foreigners to the soil ; while many worthy names of the 
 last century, such as Horlock, Moy^zey, Parry, Purlewcnt, 
 Phil!ott, Lowder, Clarke, Coward and Pickwick, which were 
 first seen then, are barely remembered. 
 
 Having enumerated a few of the persons with whom 
 our visitor would necessarily be brought into contact in 
 the ordinary affairs of life, it would not perhaps be tedious 
 if mention were made of those with whom we may conclude 
 he would associate. In this year, 1675, distinctions of 
 class were less defined than they were subsequently, but far 
 less in Bath than they were in London. A doctor, a de- 
 scendant of the Hungerfords, and several University men 
 kept lodging houses. A widow, daughter of Sir Hugh 
 Speke, a relative of the member for Bath, kept a lodging, 
 if not a wine shop. There were Nevilles, who canvassed the 
 Corporation for the Recordership with its stipend of £2 a 
 
 * Had our visitor come to Eatli 40 years earlier he might have been 
 attended by the then physician of note, Dr. Thomas Elton ^buried in the Abbey), 
 a member of a Herefordshire faniily, who have settled in Somerset, of which 
 there are now two Baronets, one of whom was M.P. for the City. 
 
 :K
 
 
 siIbIi© 
 
 ®(M|I© 
 
 a© 
 
 66 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 year. The Town Clerk kept order in the Bath, and 
 the attorneys received gratuities from the bathers and 
 carried the maces before the Mayor. A Lord Berkeley, a 
 Bishop of the Diocese, or a Marquis of Worcester, and on 
 one occasion Sir Walter Raleigh, would accept of the 
 Mayor a dozen of wine or a " loafe of shugar." 
 
 The best families of the neighbourhood made much 
 of the town visitor. He would meet with, among others, 
 the Hungerfords of Farleigh, of Corsham, and of Wellow ; 
 the Longs of Wraxall, of Whaddon and of Draycot ; the 
 Langtons of Newton, of Cold Ashton, of Bristol and of 
 South Somerset ; the Nevilles, the Haringtons, the Flowers 
 of Saltford, the Brydges of Keynsham, the Watsons of 
 Farleigh, the Blanchards of St, Catherine, the Bampfieldes 
 of Hardington, the Jarrets of Trent in Somerset, the 
 Howards of Thornbury, the Methuens of Beckington, the 
 Waldegraves, the Strodes, the Hippisleys, the Wyndhams, 
 the Hartleys, the Whittingtons, the Blathwayts of Dyrham, 
 Sir Halswell Tynte, the Sambournes, the Powletts, Roger 
 Boyle Earl of Orrery, the Thynnes of Longleat, Lord 
 Francis Hawley of Bathford and Bath, and Poyntz of Iron 
 Acton. If he had come in August of this year, he would 
 have seen the helpless Mistress Elizabeth Waller, daughter of 
 the General, whose wife's tomb is in the Abbey ; or if he had 
 arrived seven years earlier, he might have welcomed the 
 
 eJ^Ti? ©©a §>§©©©•;£©©( 
 
 » Q e g 8 g 9 © p c g ; 
 
 cq.Qpg?3Q.ViggSQ90a0M©S0 
 
 feO@8QS6©&®O^^©ol0'O©©iiJW8a@9S6©Se@o0o©<i©<S'6olo'590@©@e<J©Q99©©©Q©Oe'
 
 5«sk:.' 
 
 ■«aKBfiS«SSCB»5-^,'SftSJ55^»saSJS53OTJS^^ 
 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 67 
 
 3§!?j5}n 
 
 -Si':''.' 
 
 
 m^i 
 
 a?^''": 
 
 Duke of Monmouth, when the church bells were rung at 
 tlic cost of 2s. 6d. to that City, which ten years later paid 
 9s. for the wood for the breast-work in the Ham Gardens, 
 to resist his entrance, when the cost of the Militia, 
 amounting to ^86 8s. 6d., was paid by the Chamber. 
 
 Having, I fear, tired the reader, may I still be permitted 
 to takethe visitor round the City Walls,* at this time complete 
 in every respect.' There were four Gates, three of which, 
 north, south and west, had drawbridges.! The Ham Gate, 
 closed in 1643, had not been opened.j The North Gate 
 consisted of three arches, the centre 10 feet wide, the others 
 5 feet 6 inches. From the battlementsg eastward the visitor 
 
 * Note in Appendix. 
 
 t April, 1645 The Govemer 
 
 It is ordered that a drawbridge at the charges ... of this Citty shall 
 be made at the West Gate to the end, the saidc Gates may be opened and 
 left opened for the .... and use of the said Cittie, and that the cliargcs 
 of doing the same shall be collected and . . by a . . rate, {rart iUtgiblt.) 
 
 X Nov. 20, 1643.— It '5 agreed that all the doores which are made in the 
 Cittie Wall be darned upp and taken away, and the Hanie Gate to be also 
 darned up and also a Tume puke to be sette upp at the West Gate, or else 
 the said Gate to be walled upp, and alsoe sufficient Churts of Gaurdes, to be 
 made at such places as the governer shall appoint ; and whereas the govemer 
 doe desire to be furnished with linnen for the Board and Bed for this yeare 
 following, it is agreed that if -x-li or under will satisfie him that then it shall be 
 given him by the Chamber. 
 
 § "The Wall is in compass not a full English Mile, and were the City not 
 in such a bottom, and so over-topped by Neighbouring Hills, by the Opinion 
 
 ffi:in' fry- O'-o ((f ■o-H>^^7::i^a\o::tf.'{)::0:ffi.i> ^0:"^^^ 
 
 .".--.--"'" :.■-'-.::■- ----,-■;.,■';. ;.;■. . ....,,, ■ ■ ..: ......... i7,y. 

 
 IS 
 
 mm 
 
 '^^r. m^Mm ^^)^M ^§^^^m^ . 
 
 iJiJ^l^MBluiilllKiiliiJJ. 
 
 68 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH, 
 
 would see Walcot Street, the way by which he had 
 arrived, the Oxford and Gloucester Road (called Broad 
 Street as early as in the reign of King Henry VIII), the 
 meeting house of the Presbyterians, in Frog Lane,* the 
 new Bowling Green, the Town Acre, Barton Farm House 
 (now Messrs. Jolly's), in Old King Street, and the Barton 
 Ground (now Queen Square), where the Fairs were held. 
 Turning City-wards the first of the streets (or throngs 
 as they were afterwards called) he would look down on 
 what would be Cock Lane, where there is now only one 
 tenement that might have existed in 1675. He would then 
 
 of Col. B . [Bassett C. E. D.] (once Governor thereof) and some others, tliat may 
 understand Fortifications might be made Tenable, for indeed the whole, is but 
 one entire Rampart, a Coffin fill'd with Earth, on which the Buildings are ; 
 then the Springs so near the Superfices, that no Approaches can be made but 
 with great difficulty, there are large discourses already extant of several Statues, 
 Figures, as Gorgons Serpents, &c. in it, in which I shall not meddle, but leave 
 every man to his view, and behef, but certainly this, it is a Noble Ancient 
 Wall therein appearing many antiquities, as also four Gates, having their 
 several denominations from the four Cardinal winds, which every night are 
 order'd to be lock'd up, and a Watch Itinerant, Sworn not to enter any House 
 till four in the Mom, which how duely observed, some of them who have been 
 caught tardy, and put into Wooden Bastile, for their pains can satisfie you." — 
 "Therms Redivivie," by Henry Chapman, Gent., 1673, and reprinted 1725. 
 
 • Mr. Murch, in his "History of the Presbyterian and General Baptist 
 Church," published 1S35, dates the commencement of the congregation from 
 16S8, in this building, which he says was a shear shop. I think the date^hould 
 be a few jxars earlier. The premises were leased to Benedict Beacon in 1670, 
 and in 169S a new lease of the premises, which had been "converted into a 
 meetinghouse," was granted to Alice Bishop, Elizabeth Lloyd, and Gregory 
 Lloyd.
 
 w^liu i* ^ J< <L A i^ii j^i^ j^ .-^ .,. ,„ .^ A y.- -^ i< .- >* >* V* /* .* /^ J. J. .*..-.,. A ^. -. A >'.-.. 
 
 •'■7,7.7.7 ■ 
 
 '7,7.T.7.^. , 
 : » 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 69 
 
 look down on the grounds of the Bear Inn, now Union 
 Street ; on an unbuilt garden, where the older part of the 
 Mineral Hospital now stands ; on Vicarage Lane, where 
 more than one family of quality lived ; then would come 
 the Parsonage, Culverhousc (from Culverhouse a Dove- 
 cot) Lane, with its Dovecot and the Bridewell* at the 
 corner, supplanted by the Blue Coat School, which was 
 built in 1722 ; the Saw Close or Timber Close, to which the 
 Wednesday Market of cattle was removed from Broad 
 Street many years later ; and the Pound as at present, with 
 
 In the year 1675 the body of St. Mary's Church was the Free Grammar 
 School, and continued the School until the present house was built in Broad 
 Street, in the year 1752. The Tower of the Church was the Prison, " so that 
 the House of God," according to Wood, " was no more an House of Prayer, 
 but turned into a Den of Thieves." In addition to this there was the House of 
 Correction, or Bridewell in Bridewell Lane (called Culverhousc Lane till 
 •774. and Spurrier's Lane by Wood, and in Jones' map, as published by 
 Johnson in 1634 ) This stood at the north-west corner fronting the Borough 
 Walls, and was removed in 1 72 1, when the Blue Coat School (not the 
 present building) was erected on its site. 
 
 St. Mary's Tower was converted into a Gaol on the grant of the charter of 
 Elizabeth, 1590. The Bridewell was completed 1634. "It is ordered by 
 the House, viz., Mr. Mayer, (C. Rendall,) and the Justices, Mr. Sherstone, Mr. 
 Clist, Mr. George Chapman, Mr. Fisher, Mr. Bigg Chamberlain, Mr. Peter 
 Chapman, Mr. Baber, Mr. Elkington, Mr. Gray, Mr. Power, Mr. Gibbs, Mr. 
 Dallamor, Mr. Parker, soin, Mr. Parker,//., Mr. Langley, Mr. Price, & Mr. 
 <j -, that there should be a hundred marks (a mark = 13/4) rated towards 
 
 the finishinge of the House of Correction. It is ordered Mr. George Chapman, 
 Mr. Power, and Mr. Langley to be raters for St. Stall's Parishe ; Mr. Clist 
 and Mr. Baber for St. Michael's {iitira muros) ; and Mr. Fisher and Mr. Hull 
 for St. James ; and soe to meet and make a general rate over the whole town." 
 — (Council Book.) The Gaol, although in the keeping of the Corporation, 
 
 tM€^^€.€€%^%€€€%€^^€iM€€k%^%€^i€^}
 
 
 jo^J^w?i3^Kf4?TOWj?«oOT?;KHxn?HWTOiw5^W7tn^MnjOTmiCTWj^'5iroOTm'i??ro^wOTJ^WTmww 
 
 70 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 the Cock Pit adjoining. In the ditch, now Trim Street, 
 were a rope yard and a mason's shop. This northern Borough 
 Wall was partly the old Roman Wall of the City, repaired 
 from time to time, until its original masonry and character 
 were destroyed. Many fragments of Roman sculpture within 
 its walls, now altogether lost, were still existing in 1675, 
 although even they had been reduced in number during 
 the late repairs. 
 
 The North Gate in Roman times* stood nearly 
 
 belonged to the Crown. The House of Correction, or Bridewell, was, on the 
 contrary, the property of the Corporation, and in their keeping, independently 
 of the Sheriff. These Houses of Correction, (Blackstone, vol. iii., 224) which 
 were first established as it would seem in the reign of Elizabeth were originally 
 designed for the penal confinement (after conviction) of paupers refusing to 
 work, and of other persons falling under the legal description of vagrants ; and 
 this was at first their only application, for in other cases the common gaol of 
 the City, in which the offender was triable, was the only legal place of 
 commitment. 
 
 The Bridewell appears to have been disused on an alteration of the law, 
 early in the reign of George I. ; and the Tower of St. Mary's Church was made to 
 fulfil the duties of Prison and Bridewell, possibly enlarged on the removal of 
 the Grammar School by the addition of the nave, until it was sold in 1771 to 
 Mr. William I'ulteney for the formation of Bridge Street, and a Gaol erected 
 in Grove Street, which is now the Police Barracks. The Pillory was in the 
 High Street, " near where the Cross formerly stood ; " a portion of the frame- 
 work of this building still exists in the form of a Summer House at the bottom 
 of St. Mary's Buildings, in the Wells Road. 
 
 I hope to have an opportunity of describing the Roman Town and for- 
 tifications, with my reasons for believing that the Gate was on a central 
 position in the north Wall. 

 
 900988009000.90 aoaOOOOOOOeOOOQOOOQOOOOOOOOCOOOO OOOOOOOO OOOOOOiC 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF liATH. 
 
 71 
 
 e 
 
 opposite Vicarage Lane, where Warner mentions that 
 most massive buildings were destroyed during excavations 
 made in his time. The Roman Walls apparently continued 
 on the same line to the west as the Walls, the circuit 
 of which our visitor is now pursuing, with a Tower, 
 now Gascoigne's Tower, still occasionally used as barracks 
 or temporary quarters for prisoners at the north-west 
 angle. Before reaching the West Gate, on the right, 
 beneath the Walls, was the Fives Court, and I am afraid 
 to say a "Town Mixen" as well. As a building the 
 West Gate was the handsomest Gate of the City, although 
 the archway itself was only 10 feet 8 inches wide. It 
 was still occasionally a Royal residence.* The street 
 leading to the West Gate, from the High Street, contained, 
 as it still does, the handsomest houses within the City Walls. 
 There were the lodgings of Alderman Baber, at this time 
 Chamberlain (more properly in Chepe Street), of Councillors 
 Hayward; Hicks, and Stubbs. Continuing again with 
 the Walls, our visitor would pass on the left St. John's 
 Hospital and Mr. Savil's lodgings, now known as 
 Hetling House from having been occupied in the iSth 
 century by a Mr. Ernest Hetling. ■}■ Opposite Hetling House 
 
 • Historic Houses in Bath by R. E. Peach, 18S2. 
 
 t The Pillars wiili ;lie globes at the top that were condemned as a nuisance 
 in 1881, and only saved by earnest advocacy, were standing in 1675 ; these are 
 
 
 
 -KI2 
 
 9 J So
 
 S^'^iiM^iiM^^iiMi^i 
 
 72 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 was a gateway through the Walls, a Barbican, then closed 
 up, but visible a few years since when an alteration was 
 being made to a house in Westgate Buildings ; a wall and 
 ditch at this point were continued to the River, and included, 
 as a sort of outer Bailey to the City, a district called 
 the Ambury, where was a Tenter Ground. Outside this 
 Wall was Little Kingsmead, the land now Milk and Avon 
 Street, with Great Kingsmead further west where the 
 Militia were drilled, and where at one time the Freemen 
 claimed right of common. 
 
 To the north of these meads was the road from 
 the West Gate to Bristol, leading across Kelston Manor, 
 where the chimneys of the House of the Haringtons could 
 
 shown in Gilmore's Map, and Hetling House was, I believe, the residence of 
 a Mr. Savil even a century earlier, although the Savils did not come into 
 actual possession until it was given to the widow by Robert Sutton, second 
 Lord Lexington in 1694. 
 
 The Hungerfords have always been the reputed original owners, but I 
 think they could not have been there in 1576) or the payment of " xiiiid for a 
 bottle of wine given to Sir Walter Hungerford's son " by the Corporation would 
 not have occurred in the records, as such gifts were only customary to visitors 
 from a distauce. 
 
 Hetling House is a building of various dates. The principal portion 
 appears to be of the time of Henry VH., with additions in the reigns of 
 Elizabeth and James as well as more recent ones. The foundations are far 
 older, and appear to have formed a part of the original hospital for lepers, 
 founded in 1 138 by Robert, Bishop of Bath and Wells Early Norman arches 
 are still existing in the massive walls, but of a ruder character than the 
 fragments of John de Villula's earlier work still visible at the eastern end of the 
 Abbey Church, or the fragments found over the Great Roman Bath. 

 
 scarcely be seen in the distance. The Barton Farm was to 
 tlie north of this road, occupying the area of tlie Crescent 
 and St. James's Square, which had been partially enclosed 
 by permission of the Corporation, and finally separated from 
 the Freemen's Common by Sir Nicholas Hyde's award, 
 1619. Beyond this, westward, was the Commons' Farm, 
 with the Commons' House, altogether unenclosed until the 
 commencement of the third quarter of the i8th century. 
 This last farm, being the property of the Corporation, as 
 trustees of the Freemen, was let at the time of our visitor 
 for the term of three years to Mr. John Masters, for the rent 
 of three hundred and thirty pounds, he maintaining the City 
 ox, plough, and the ploughman, Henry England.* Running 
 directly across these Commons was the " road leading 
 from Walcot to Weston," originally the Roman Road to 
 Caerleon ; "the fabled Carduel of Arthur, whose glittering 
 domes and stately buildings were recorded and admired 
 even by the historian of Henry H."-f- 
 
 Looking from the rampart towards the south west, 
 
 * In 1651 the farm was let at " ;^llo per annum, 4 oxen and a plough 
 to be kept, for the use of citizens, as draft for stone," &c. The plough was 
 kept for public use until 170S, wlien it was ordered by the Council to be 
 sold. 
 
 t The Earl of Carnarvon's Address as President (i860) of the British 
 Archwological Association. 
 
 ^^S'^P^lS^S^^S^ 
 
 nnumrnurtmnr r 
 
 Tunxarramx 
 
 _;;l_LLi.' in I ' r. f^'TTTTirll. 1 iIUt-^v _ 
 
 K
 
 
 74 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 within view were the Cloth Mills of Twerton,* and the 
 Brass Mill, to which the "Calamine" from the Mendip 
 was carried on packs of donkeys within memory, and 
 in the distance beyond were the woods of Newton Castle, 
 till recently the residence of Lord Abergavenny, but at 
 this time of Mr. Joseph Langton, who also had a residence 
 in Chepe Street, and was elected M.P. for Bath in 1690. 
 
 Following the walls towards the North Gate, from 
 the Barbican, on the left was Bimbury, where Dr. Bavef 
 lived until his death in 1668, and where his son Charles 
 still lived. A Dr. Bave, Mayor of Bath, in 1729, built 
 on this site a very fine house, which was taken down in 1864 
 to make room for greater usefulness. The additions to the 
 United Hospital have benefited the sick poor of the city, but 
 its architecture has suffered. The narrow South Gate 
 reached, a view would be afforded of Southgate Street. 
 Only one house, the New Inn, remains of the straggling 
 suburb. The Bridge crossing the River had a Tower and 
 Gate, St. Lawrence's Gate, at the southern end and 
 another near the centre. The Gates were last repaired 
 
 * Worked at this time or shortly after by Mr. Spering, succeeded by Heaven, 
 Lockston, and, at the present time, by Messrs. Carr. 
 
 t Dr. Bave is mentioned in the highest terms as a Physician of eminence 
 by Guidott. He was bom in 158S, and was lessee of "Cole Works," 
 paying the Corporation, annually, 6s. 8d. for a license. His family have 
 held the highest position in the town, and his name is still borne by a 
 descendant in Green Street. 

 
 j(}pi'i?3T^77S,''f'T-;''^°'V'7^"-'T"T']'.'2 
 
 i/-- 
 
 
 L u iSdfiLulIirlfWi ij I p .li* punTTrnfl^ • • C 
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF LATH. 
 
 75 
 
 in 1733. Figures of a Lion and a Boar had formerly 
 adorned the Bridge, but they had been destroyed. Two 
 years after our visit they were re-erected by Mr. II. Pitciicr, 
 carver, of Southgate Street, for which he was presented 
 with the Freedom of the City.* The River Avon was only 
 partly navigable, petitions had been sent to Kings and also 
 to the Protector to assist the City in making it completely 
 so, and the rent of the Common had been at times appro- 
 priated to the expenses.-f 
 
 * Mr. John Pitcher, "The mason that performed the freestone work " of the 
 Granville Monument on Lansdown, erected 1720, under the orders of Granville, 
 Lord Lansdowne, may have been his son. Wood says : His Lordship 
 "a»iiis{J" the contractors by never paying for it. The Lion and the Bear, on 
 the Bridge were knocked down into the rirer, in the year 1759- 
 
 f A scheme was propounded in the reign of Elizabeth, and supported by 
 the City of London, for uniting the Avon and the Thames. The Protector, 
 Cromwell, afterwards offered to join in the undertaking, promising a contribution 
 of ;^30,ooo. This was proposed to be by way of Cricklade and Malmesbury, 
 and computed to cost ;^6o,ooo. Charles H. encouraged tlie idea, and a bill 
 was passed through the Commons under the patronage of the Duke of 
 Albemarle, Lords Lindsey, Pembroke, and Clarendon, but withdrawn in 
 the House of Lords. An attempt was then made under a patent from the 
 King. In 171 1 the Duke of Beaufort procured an Act of Parliament, 
 at his own expense, for making the river navigable from Bath to Hanham 
 Mills, but the undertaking was not carried out until a subscription was raised 
 in 1724. The first occasion of a barge delivering timber at the Bath Bridge 
 was December 15, 1727, the Corporation granting a lease for 99 years, at a 
 rental of 2s., of their rights of tlie River and of the tollage, which then 
 amounted, I think, to 2d. a ton for goods deposited on the Quay. The Quay 
 at that time was on both sides the north end of the Bridge, and subsequently 
 was on both sides of the River below the weir. 
 
 In November, iSio, t'le Canal was opened connecting the Avon, the 
 Kennet, and the Thames. 
 
 
 Vc ', 
 
 'r4 
 
 n 
 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 um.
 
 
 mm 
 
 76 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 ^Hb 
 mnp 
 
 (k1^^ Holloway, above the Bridge, contains many buildings 
 
 /0 ^^ which are despised, but none the less picturesque, that our 
 
 •^ ^, S* visitor may have seen in 1675. A cloth fair was held here 
 
 ^'^^ annually, on May 2 and 3, dw.ndling down, until recently, 
 
 >J^^ into a solitary ginger beer and nut stall. The Church 
 
 <^^^ ^ '^ " 
 
 ^sJS' of St. James appears to have been built on the Walls of 
 
 ^^^ the City, so we cannot continue our walk without 
 
 ^ n ^ descending, until we approach the site of Ham Gate, now 
 
 ^'^W 1 H f ,•/ •> , I . ■ ..,. 
 
 A^^^K) closed up, from which our visitor can look down into the 
 
 ^N^ Horse Bath, wh"ch received the overflov/ of the Hot 
 
 iS-'i y t?* Springs, and into a canal, rather than ditch, that took off the 
 
 ^5^^ flood waters of the Avon, in a direct line across the Ham 
 
 ^ ^ t?> Gardens, thus hastening its flow. A tolerably correct idea 
 
 /js s^i ^ of this canal is given in the map of the Cit}*, now in the 
 
 ^ N ^ British Museum, drawn by a Frenchman, I should say 
 
 ^ j^. w about the year 1600, and not 50 years later, as assumed by 
 
 S~ ^ ^ Mr. Harold Lewis in his excellent paper on the City Walls. 
 (^^^t?* The Ham Gardens would be to the right, and the 
 
 ^ n ^^ Facing this Gate were at this time some very handsome 
 
 timber houses of the date of the later years of the 
 monastery, one being, I believe, the Talbot. These were 
 1 ^ removed about 30 years since. 
 
 4 ^ U^^^^^§i§^^i^.§^^^^&§^^j^i^^i§^^^Q^i^^Qi^^^.^i^^^i^^ 
 
 space called Abbey Green with the Abbey Gate, the 
 hinges of which are still to be seen, would be to the left. 

 
 
 THE HOT JUNERAL DATIIS OF BATH. 
 
 // 
 
 !i 
 
 Following the Walls from Ham Gate, our visitor 
 would look into the gardens of the Abbey House of Dr. 
 Peirce, and the Abbey Orcliard, on the right below the 
 Ramparts. At this point 34 years after our visit the first 
 Assembly Rooms were built, and upon their enlargement, 
 about 30 years still later, the Corporation maintained with 
 success a suit on the plea that the building obstructed the 
 City Walls. The Corporation, however, considering the 
 visitors of the City would be benefited by the building, 
 abandoned their rights, and permitted it to remain. From 
 the Rampart a beautiful view of the Prior's Park would be 
 afforded. The former Prior's house stood where the lake now 
 is, and the Park walls in part still exist in the field in which 
 the monument erected to the memory of Bishop Warburton's 
 great literary work now stands. Claverton and Combe 
 Down, then entirely devoid of trees above the Park, were 
 leased of William Skrine, Esq., by the Corporation 50 years 
 later for a term of 21 years, in order that visitors to Bath 
 might have the advantages of its rides. A few paces 
 further on the City Walls lead to St. Peter's Gate, at the 
 south-eastern corner of the present Orange Grove. 
 
 The circuit of the walls being completed, I should 
 mention that at the time of which we are speaking their 
 maintenance was a constant care of the Corporation. From 

 
 
 
 
 ^/^ 
 
 IG>I 
 
 ^s,^ 
 
 
 
 time to time, in their records, as the i8th century pro- 
 gressed, appHcations were received to build in the ditch 
 which surrounded it. Trim Bridge was formed on suffer- 
 ance through the walls, and the lease renewed from time 
 to time. In Mr. Harold Lewis's paper previously referred 
 to is a good account of the removal of the gates, and 
 of the erection of buildings on the Ramparts. In 1675, 
 and Indeed to the middle of the iSth century, the Gates 
 of the City were still nightly closed and a watch set. 
 
 I have given a slight sketch of Bath in 1675. Unfor- 
 tunately it is necessarily only a sketch, as the materials I 
 have to deal with are but scanty ; but I venture to think, 
 scanty though these are, they deserve putting together, and 
 cannot fail, however imperfectly done, to be interesting to 
 many who seek our healing springs, as well as to those who 
 from selection, association, or other circumstances, live in 
 the City of Bladud or his principality. 
 
 
 r'-v* 
 
 
 0>
 
 The Royal Private Baths, which have just been re- '<c>.\W <c? 
 
 novated (1883), were built by John Wood, junior, and '0 ,'-:}(,' '^\:^ 
 
 completed in 1778, when 100 guineas were presented to Vv/\ SI 
 
 the architect. lo> W'/^* 
 
 The prices were as follow :—" i '6 public bath, 3,'- IS*./'- M";^ 
 
 private, 3/- vapour, 6d. 100 strokes in douche, 3d. same in f^'- ''/\' r^ 
 
 public bath . ^ \V/ <S> 
 
 Considerable additions were made to these Baths in ^ii}\/,i/s 
 
 1829 under the superintendance of Decimus Burton, the '^ /K'.^ 
 
 architect, only lately deceased, of the Triumphal entrance Ix \^/V?l 
 
 into Hyde Park, and the archway just removed from Con- IS' •■X'u-'<3| 
 
 stitution Hill. |^;"V\-'-'^ 
 
 The Colonade and screen wall of the Cross Bath were Vu x^/vii' 
 
 designed by Mr. Palmer, and built 1797. '<0> -,vV/-V^^ 
 
 The New Baths, adjoining the Grand Pump Room ^"'^/^?M 
 
 Hotel, were built by Messrs. Wilson and Wilcox, in 1870. 'SK/ff^S<^ 
 
 . . '0W/0' 
 
 Important enlargements are in contemplation according to "<0>'~\/- ks' 
 
 my designs, in these last mentioned Baths. During the i^.'^'^:'<S> 
 
 last 15 years, the Corporation have expended on the en- ^/rsA'.^.
 
 THE HOT MINERAL BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 largement and improvement of their Baths a very con- 
 siderable sum of money. 
 
 I have been enabled to increase the supply of hot 
 water by about 50 gallons a minute ; and with care, I 
 ihink there would be no difficulty in regaining the hot 
 water lost for many years in the foundation of the Cross 
 Bath. 
 
 The present supply is very large, 385,000 gallons 
 daily, at a temperature of 120S fah., but this (without 
 storage or recovery of this lost water) will prove insufficient, 
 if the bathing increases, as it has increased during the 
 last seven years. 
 
 i^mm 

 
 44M 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 King's Bath, Pace 13. 
 
 The recent excavations have shown tliat the King's Bath occupies the area 
 of the principal springs, which were protected by the Romans with a wall and 
 parapet, the walls being coated with lead. This enclosure formed the well 
 from whicli the Baths were supplied. In 1754 a large Bath' was discovered 
 beneath the Abbey House, and destroyed upon the building of the baths long 
 known as the Kingston Baths. These discoveries were fully described by 
 Lucas in his work on the Mineral Waters of Bath, published shortly after, in 
 which he states his indebtedness to Wood, the architect, who assisted him in 
 taking the dimensions. In this work Lucas gives a map of the baths to illustrate 
 the discoveries, but unfortunately the description does not agree with the plan. 
 Dr. Sutherland, in 1763, repeats the description, and publishes Lucas's map 
 with additions. The Rev. Prebendary Scarth, in 1864, repeats Dr. Sutherland's 
 map with a trifling addition. Neither of these maps gives a fi.\ed point on the 
 surface, which might easily have been done, by which to ascertain the precise 
 bearings of the work beneath the soil. Tliis, and the discrepancies between 
 the plans and description, have been a source of great difliculty. Dr. 
 Sutherland indicates a large Bath westward of that which had been discovered 
 in his time ; in fact there can be little doubt that the steps at the eastward end 
 of a great Bath had been then found. This plan indicates also a complicated 
 arrangement of Rooms or Baths under the King's Bath, which arrangement the 
 late excavations have shown to be purely imaginary. The great Bath lately 
 discovered occupies the area of Dr. Sutherland'a great Bath, but differs 
 altogether from his, with the exception of the eastern steps. Dr. Sutherland 
 and the Rev. Prebendary Scarth show a large Bath including the SchoJit, a 
 simple parallelogram 97 feet long 69 feet wide, including a Bath 58 feet in 
 length by 29 feet 6 inches in width. This larger area is unoccupied except by 
 the Bath. 
 
 The great Bath which I have been so fortunate as to discover is altogether 
 unlike these imaginary designs. The Bath including the Scholet is ill feet 4 
 inches long by 68 feet 6 inches wide, and is by no means a simple parallelogram, 
 as on each of its longer sides, north and south, are three (recesses) txtdra or 
 stibiidia, two being circular and one square. The Sehola north and south 
 formed an arcade ; the pilasters supporting the groining and the central great vault 
 are still existing. The Bath in the centre is complete with steps all round, and 
 
 I
 
 
 -. e ; c 
 
 c©^ 
 
 S!Si 
 
 82 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 not merely at one end as shown in Sutherland's plan, and is very nearly as 
 large again, being 83 feet 10 inches long by 40 feet 8 inches wide. The vavilt- 
 ing in great part of the whole area was found during the excavations thrown 
 about and inverted, but between it and the floor of the Schola: and Bath the 
 depth of deposit varied from a few inches to a couple of feet, showing 
 that the overthrow of the vaulting was not contemporaneous with the 
 destruction of the Baths themselves, but occupied at least several centuries 
 A few arch stones were found and a portion of vaulting in solid brick- 
 work known as herring-bone work, but the greater part of the vaulting was 
 formed of brick boxes open at two sides and tapering to meet the radius of the 
 various arches ; arches constructed in this way being lighter, and consequently 
 requiring less abutment * A similar large Bath, I have no doubt, exists 
 still further west, with another like the one discovered in 1754. I have 
 sufficient data for this assumption, although I fear the citizens of Bath 
 will never afford me the opportunity of showing them the grand memorials 
 of the past that are still hidden in the soil, indeed a very large allowance 
 would be required to unearth the Baths that lie beneath the surface, as 
 they occupy an area certainly not less than from 100,000 lo 150,000 
 square feet. I am not aware of any Baths that could at all vie with 
 them for extent northward of the Alps ; those at Baden Weiber have been 
 considered by authorities on Roman antiquities to have had a great resemblance 
 to the Baths of Bath, but I cannot trace the similarity. A scale of feet is 
 omitted in the plan I possess of Baden Weiber, so I cannot speak positively of 
 the precise dimensions, but the arrangement differs in toto from the ancient 
 Baths here. 
 
 A striking peculiarity in our Roman Baths is the fact that the spring 
 occupied a central position, where in other Roman Baths a central hall, or 
 tepidarium was usually placed, from which branched various vestibules and 
 lobbies leading to the various systems of Bath. 
 
 The hot springs were surrounded by a terrace on the east and west, 
 and a parapet, the whole forming, I believe, an interior open court. Beneath 
 
 * In the excavations of 1754 a large quantity of these tiles were foimd, 
 and they were considered to be flues for heating. During the late discoveries I at 
 first had the same view of them, as their tapering form is not very apparent, and 
 the digging not uncovering a sufficient quantity of them at a time to give an 
 arc. I however felt little doubt that they were voussoirs, and my discovery was 
 confirmed on laying bare a larger bulk. 
 
 I have lately been engaged with Mr. C. Elton, the author of " Origins of 
 Histoiy " in clearing out a Roman Villa on his property at Whitestaunton 
 Manor, where we have found similar tiles. 
 
 ®p|i© 
 © Hi© 
 ® S|© 
 
 ©tell 
 
 ©lltSil® 
 
 ©IHl® 
 
 tj'iiHSi® 
 
 ©iffiiasfi^ ^ ^ ^. . ._ -,„—,-„„. .. .,^. __^ ..^^ 
 
 :;^@g^Q 0g000000a8&8aSS3 0i 
 
 3 a a =isa sassfiaso
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 83 
 
 the floor of the present King's Bath is a large vault lately constructed, 
 sunoumled by the massive wall of this terrace which was found during 
 the excavation, and which was undoubtedly placed there by the Romans to 
 preserve the purity of the water. Ever since the re-establishment of the bathing 
 in the Sth century until lately the actual springs were in part bathed in to 
 the detriment of its purity. 
 
 The late discoveries h.-ive been utilised so that the water supplying the 
 different Baths is now drawn directly frcm the source, the Pump Room obtaining 
 the same supply, whilst the King's Bath is fed by the overflow. 
 
 CiTV WAI.I S, PAGE 67. 
 
 To understand the form of the ancient City of Bath within the Walls, I 
 must briefly describe the Roman City and the Roads, beginning with the 
 latter, and quoting from notes which I have made for the pinposes of a fuller 
 account. 
 
 Roman Bath was not originally on any direct line of road. The Fosse-way 
 leading to Lincoln ran from Dunkerton, across Claverton and Hampton 
 Down, to the Ford at Hampton, and so by the "Rocks" to Cirencester. 
 The Roman Road from Silchester led to the same Ford, and thence to 
 Hampton Down. A diversion of the Road at the Ford to the right pro- 
 ceeded along the north side of the river, leaving Bath to the left, through 
 North Stoke by Aust's Passage to Caerleon. These are the most ancient 
 of the Roman Roads, and show that a hill fort rather than Bath was the 
 military station. Roman Bath was as nearly as possible the size of Eboracum, 
 or York. It was surrounded on two sides, east and south, by the river, and to the 
 north and west by a wall. The Roman wall commenced at the river near the 
 west end of Pulteney Bridge, and was continued west as far as the present 
 Theatre, and then south until it reached tlie river at a point near the end of Avon 
 Street. The southern entrance to the City was by a bridge, of which I have 
 seen the stone foundations, and these appear also to have been used as the 
 foundations of the existing mediaeval bridge. 
 
 From this a street went direct north, crossing about the centre of the 
 present Bath Street, up Parsonage Lane to a " North Gate " at the top, and so 
 ;through the " Street of the Tombs," now Russell Street, to the road called the 
 "Via Julia" by Leland. Westgate Street and Cheap Street are the successors 
 of another Roman street. The quadrangle formed by these streets to the north 
 west, now the Sawclose, was the Military Quarter or Lastdlum and P)\rltirium, 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 feiTfe^Ki 
 
 
 
 
 '^'SSX>^SX'S:~^SSS:!&'Z^!X:S}^-sySOS.Z<iS^-X 
 
 'Ci)Cik^'CSCilO!XXCfiSi^'..i:j.-S( 5»
 
 , ^:^^^^^ .^^^^p% <t^^% ^f^fcT?^. .'^^. 
 
 84 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 commanding the North and West Gates and the road to the suburbs on the 
 west and north. The north east division included the Foium, Casa Vulto, the 
 Temples, the Basilica, Curia, &c. The south east was devoted to the Baths, 
 a Hospitium, (I suggest) Circus, Theatre, Gardens, &c., the other division 
 being left for the civil population. The City Walls may not have been 
 built immediately on the formation of the Roman Town, though I am inclined 
 to think that from the first the city was enclosed by a vallum to the north and 
 west, the Fosse of which was deepened when greater security was required, and 
 that the weir was placed across the river in order that the water might be. 
 diverted for the purpose of flooding the Fosse. On the Town becoming more 
 important the course of the Roman Road from south to north came down 
 Holloway. The road after leaving the Town passed by the river (through Bath- 
 easton) to Cirencester, the route to the west being turned by the river so as to pass 
 through the North Gate and out by the West Gate. The Medieval Town 
 adopted the northern and western walls, but a smaller area was enclosed towards 
 the east and south, and the moat of the Baths and the weir were utilised to flood 
 the ditch, the ruins of former buildings being used in building the wall. The road 
 which led through the town from south to north now took a fresh direction, crossing 
 amongst the niins of the Baths to a new North Gate, which in the sixth 
 century may have already existed in the form of a subsidiary gateway. 
 
 Either as the Roman Town or as the Medijeval City with the outer Bailie 
 between the river and its South Gate, Bath must have been a fortress of no 
 mean account. A sense of security, however, on the termination of the Wars 
 of the Roses appears to have possessed the citizens, for the northern fosse 
 became the receptacle for all the refuse of the City, until it was nearly filled 
 up. In 1613, as already mentioned (ante p. 60, N), the Corporation passed a 
 l.y-law for preventing such oflences in the future. 
 
 The Castdhim (I use this word, although it more properly belongs to 
 a detached fort), as being the most commanding situation, continued in 
 mediseval times the chief fortress in the City, Gascoigne's Tower being at the 
 angle, but as during the wars of the Commonwealth " Fort Royal " is referred 
 to, it is probable that a building more considerable than a mere Tower existed 
 at this point. The earlier maps give a building of three stages, but of unusual 
 form, and out of all proportion. 
 
 Previous to the civil wars of the 17th century the fortifications of the City 
 
 were repaired, including the wall and ditch which Leland mentions as 
 
 extending from the south west angle of the City, near the south end of Westgate 
 
 Buildings, on the Roman lines to the river. In these repairs, which cost
 
 '^'' 
 
 i^' 
 
 v[S^'f^^^^^^M''^^^-¥^^^^f^-^^f^^^^€^^. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 85 
 
 Charles I, (according to Pryiine) /'7,ooo, many of the Roman sculptures 
 mentioned by Leland as existing in the walls were destroyed. 
 
 In i644the weekly payment to the Governor, according to letters patent 
 dated from Oxford, was ^y. To this must be added certain perquisites, if the 
 extract from the Council Books in a note ante page 67 is correctly read. The 
 contributions towards the five garrisons, Bath, Portishead, Nunncy, and Farley 
 Castle, amounted, according to the same letters patent, to £8^0 (per month?). 
 
 The following entry from the Council Book is interesting as giving some 
 idea of the pleasures of a civil war. The contributions although variously 
 written in the Council Books, should, I think, read as j^g.ooo, the proportion 
 to be raised in the Hundred of Bathforum and Liberties would be something 
 between ;^20 and ^25. 
 
 1649. June. Council Book. 
 
 Whereas there is a controversie betweene the Citty of Bath, the hundred of 
 Bathforum, and Liberie of Hampton and Claverton, concerning the equall pro- 
 portion to be laid on them for Contribution granted to Ld. Fairfax, his army, 
 and whereas the Citty have no mediate ritt or ordinance of Parliament directed 
 unto them as according to their ancient cuslonie, they have h.ad for assessinge 
 a proportion as is usually layd on them in the said Citty, it is agreed accordinge 
 to desire of the constables and other the inhabitants of the hundred and libertie, 
 that 6 men of the Corporation shall treate with 6 of the hundred to settle the 
 proportion of the Citty hundred and libertie for the 12 months' Contribution 
 to Lord Fairfax Army, ended the 25lh March, 1649, and also for the 9,cxX),o-li 
 granted to Lord Fairfax Army for 6 months longer, beginning from the said 25th 
 March, 1649, and but for this paye past & this 6 months ensuing, and for no 
 other tax or payment that may be charged for the future. 
 
 In the bills paid by the Corporation from time to time which are preserved 
 
 amongst the Records are many interesting particulars. I extract one as a 
 
 specimen, as curious and embracing the various articles sold at what may be 
 
 called "a general shop." 
 
 The Chamber of Bath. 27th July, 1689. 
 
 Imp. 2 pints Sherry & 3 botts of Ale to Mr. 
 
 Mayor, Mr. Babor and Mr. Masiday .. 00 02 03 
 ,, I bottle of Sherry for Mr. Mayor and 
 
 Mr. Babor ... 
 
 12 bottles Sherry sent to Mr. Mayors 
 I bottle Sherry to Mr. Masters 
 6 dozen of Coat buttons at 4d. 
 I yard of fustian 
 
 1 yard ^ of Dyed Holland at 1 2d ... 
 
 2 oz. thred 6d., Silk 6d., Tape 2d. and 
 Canvas gallooene 
 
 to Roljeing Sep. 90... 
 
 5 Nov'b. 1688 
 
 5 
 24 Sep. 90 
 
 00 
 
 02 
 
 00 
 
 01 
 
 04 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 02 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 02 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 01 
 
 02 
 
 00 
 
 10 
 
 03 
 
 Sept. 24 
 
 00 01 oS 
 
 
 ::^; 
 
 ff'f€sM^I'5#fM€^'^''$^^^^l^'^^
 
 20 Oc'ber 
 
 5 No'ber 90 
 
 5 No'ber 90 
 
 Shroud for a man in the Hospital to 
 
 goody Andrews... 
 
 for meat and drink to the Gran Jewery ... 
 
 46 bottles of Sherry at 2S 
 
 for shuger, nuttmegg, Cheese & Lemons ... 
 for bread, beare & Tobacco for ye Cor- 
 poration... 
 
 13 ells of Canvas at 1 7d 
 
 fibs of thread & I2d. hookes & Eyes to 
 
 Mrs. Wallis 
 
 2 yards broad with Creape at l6d. to 
 
 Mrs. Wallis 
 
 2 yards with Creape at l6d. & 3 yards ) 
 
 Cadiz at id. ... ... ... > 
 
 for goody Holder 7 Jan' y, 90 ... ) 
 
 I yard J of Cullard Velvet at 20s. for ye 
 
 Cushing 
 
 I yard J of Shalloond at 2s. & 3d. Silk for 
 
 ye Cushing 
 2d. Tape, 2d. Canvas & 2 oz. Thread to 
 
 Robeing... .. 
 
 a shroud for goody Ball 
 
 81b and i Gun powder at 1 6d 
 
 6 bottles" Sherry & 6 bottles of Red Port 
 
 sentyejudg 
 
 6 bottles Sherry & 6 bottles Red Port sent ) 
 
 the Lord Fitzharding \ 
 
 for wine, beare, Tobacoe & Nutts, the day j 
 as the wine was sent the Lord Fitzharding | 
 
 Mr. Chamberlain pay the contents 
 of this bill. Job Martus, Mayor. 
 
 00 
 
 03 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 i,S 
 
 00 
 
 04 
 
 12 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 06 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 06 
 
 09 
 
 00 
 
 18 
 
 OS 
 
 00 
 
 03 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 02 
 
 08 
 
 00 02 II 
 
 01 
 
 02 
 
 06 
 
 00 
 
 02 
 
 06 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 08 
 
 00 
 
 03 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 II 
 
 04 
 
 01 
 
 01 
 
 00 
 
 01 
 
 01 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 13 
 
 06 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 01 
 
 Reed. 5 October, 1691, of Mr. ~ 
 William Wallis Chamberlayne £ '• i^- 
 fourteen pounds in full of this >• 14 00 00 
 bill. F. Sayred, 
 
 P. Fran. Pearce, 
 
 ERRATUM. 
 Dr. Peirck, Page 57. For 1715 read 1706. 
 
 %i^%^^^^%%^^^^ 

 
 SKETCH OF MILSOM STREET (A.D. 1800). 
 (From a Drawing of the Period taken from Natte's Collection of Plates.) 
 
 ''OH E first change from the old-fashioned shops shown in the above sketch was made by Jolly & So;j, when about 
 
 1. 30 years later they erected the front (considered in its day something very much out of the common), which in its turn 
 
 was demolished in 1879 to make way for their present handsome premises. - 
 
 Keeping always a little in advance of their time, Messrs. Jolly & Son's business h.is shown a steady increase from 
 year to year ; each succeeding season has placed them on a better footing with manufacturers and merchants, and 
 they have been able to place orders to greater advantage. 
 
 " Buy Cheaply, Sell Cheaply" has been from the outset the principle on which Messrs. Jolly & Son have 
 conducted their business, and they believe that they in a great measure owe their success to the fact of their having 
 at all times given their customers the benefit of any concessions that they have been able to obtain. 
 
 They beg to subjoin a list of their various Departments. 
 
 FOR SHEETINGS, 
 
 TOWELLING, and 
 
 UNDER LINEN. 
 
 pLAX 
 
 ^^ ROYAL 
 
 FLEMISH 
 LINEN 
 
 |iun 111 make 
 :<•>■. Areverj- 
 '<l^, and most 
 
 iiiciil.-r^it.' ill ]!■ J.- , — Vi.b- The (Jinn. 
 Uir.-it Irniii the .■M:.nuf ictor' . Hiind-iinin nrnl 
 
 Kuii.liiii.l.. riM.|,.r, Finer. lU'ttci- iiml u.uic luii- 
 
 al.l.-ttiiii.ir.v..tii.Tij.;.ki?. 
 
 j;,tf>-r>, i;,..,hs I'nst Frer_ St'U.i: AGKyT^ 
 
 LIST OF DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 SILK, Satins Moires, Velvet and Brocades. 
 
 RIBBONS, Sunshades, Umbrellas, Fichus. 
 
 HOSIERY for Ladies, Gentlemen and Children. 
 
 LACE and Hall Dresses, F6te Dresses, Bridesmaids' Dresses. 
 
 MILLINERY, Flowers, Caps, and Ue.ad-dresses. 
 
 MANTLES, Furs ol .all kinds. Fichus. 
 
 SHAWLS, Travelling and Evening Wraps. 
 
 OUTFITTING, Ladies' Underwear, Children's Dresses. 
 
 DRESSES, M.iteri.ils of all kinds, both costly and inexpensive. 
 
 LINENS, Sheetings, Blankets, Flannels, Table Linen. 
 
 GLOVES, and Scents of all kinds. 
 
 TRIMMINGS of all kinds, Haberdasher)', &c., &c. 
 
 COSTUMES, any Material in the latest style at the shortest notice. 
 
 JOLLY & SON, BATH. 
 
 JOLLY & SON, MILSOM STREET, BATH.
 
 J™ 
 
 iffliaaaBSiiMa 
 
 m^f^mmmmmmmmm^Mm^^m 
 
 \m 
 
 HOT BATHS OF BATH. 
 
 HE MINERAL SPRINGS which supply these Baths yield 
 385,000 Gallons of Water daily, at temperatures of 117° and 
 120" Fall. 1 hese waters are very beneficial in many classes of 
 disease, such r.s Gout, Subacute and Chronic Rheumatism, Sciatica, 
 Neuralj^ia. Paralysis, Nervous Debility, Mineral Toisons, especially 
 from Lead; many forms of Skin Affection, &c. , &c. The whole of 
 the Springs and llaths are vested in the Corporation, who have spared 
 no pains to make them in every way conducive to the comfort and relief of the invalid, 
 as well as to the pleasure of the more healthy who indulge in the luxury of a hot or 
 tepid Bath. 
 
 The fountains for Drinking are supplied direct from the Springs ; the water for 
 the Baths is supplied also in the same manner, but reduced to the required temperature 
 for Bathing with Mineral Water previously cooled by exposure to the air. There is a 
 Ticket Ofiice adjoining the new Baths, open daily (except Sundays) for the sale of 
 Tickets for Bathing and Drinking, the prices for which are as follows ; — 
 
 CHARGES AT THE NEW BATHS 
 
 (opposite the King's and Queen's Baths). 
 
 First-class Deep Bath 2/6 
 
 Ditto with Crane Chair ... ... 2/6 
 
 Ditto with Douche .. ... ... 3/- 
 
 Vapour Bath... ... ... ... 2/6 
 
 Ditto with Shower .. 3/- 
 
 A Child under 12 years of age with parent, i/-. Two Children under 12 using 
 same Bath charged same as one Adult. Attendant's Fee, 3d. 
 
 Attached to these Baths is a Tepid Swimming Bath, measuring 1,200 square 
 feet, continuously supplied with fresh Mineral Water, available for Ladies on Monday, 
 Wednesday, and Friday. 
 
 Private Dressing Room for one person l/- Public Dressing Room, each person 6d. 
 Ditto for two persons ... ... 1/6 Needle Douche, extra charge .. fid. 
 
 Ditto for three persons 2/- Attendant's Fee id. 
 
 The same Bath is available for Gentlemen on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, 
 1/- each person. Attendant's Fee, id. 
 
 Reclining Bath 
 
 ... 2/. 
 
 Ditto with Douche 
 
 .. 2/6 
 
 Douche Bath only 
 
 ... 2/. 
 
 Enema ... 
 
 ... 2/-
 
 — Ti T T t T 1 1 n • T \ 1 1 H71 1,7; 71 
 
 ^^^m^mm^M^^^miM 
 
 KING'S & QUEEN'S BATHS (Adjoining Grand Pump Room). 
 
 First-class Deep Bath 
 Ditto with Douche ... 
 RecUning Bath 
 Ditto with Douche ... 
 
 ... 2/- Shower Bath . i/6 
 
 ... 2/6 Vapour Bath ... .. .. l/6 
 
 ... l/6 Ditto with Shower 2/6 
 
 . 2/- Douche Balli only .. l/6 
 
 In the b.isement is the large King's Bath with Queen's Bath attached ; these 
 Baths are available for Ladies and Gentlemen on alternate days. 
 I'rivate Room, with access to Open Reclining Bath ... ... i- & 6d. 
 
 Bath l/- & 6d. Douche Bath only ... l/- 
 
 Diilo, Reclining Bath, with Douche 1/6 Ditto, after 6 p.m. ... ... ... 6d. 
 
 1 >ouche in Private Slip, extra ... 6d. Attendant's Fees ... .. id., 2ii.. 3d. 
 
 ROYAL PRIVATE BATHS (Bath Street). 
 
 First-class Deep Bath ... ... 2/- Reclining B.-ilh 
 
 Ditto with Cr.ine Chair ... ... 2/- Ditto with Douche ... 
 
 Ditto with Douche 2/6 Douche Bath only 
 
 Ditto smaller size ... 1/6 Shower Bath 
 
 Ditto with Douche ... . . . . 2/- Enema 
 
 Attendant's Fees, 2d. and 3d. 
 
 A large Tepid Swimrain? Bath, measuring upwards of 1,600 square feel, for 
 Gentlemen only, is attached to these Baths. Private Dressing Room for each person, 
 9d ; Public ditto, 6d. 
 
 A Deep and also a Reclining Bath, with Douche, free for poor invalids for a 
 month, on the recommendation of a medical man, and the Mayor, or a Magistrate, 
 being a member of the Town Council 
 
 Attached to these Baths is a Cooling Room, just completed, very handsomely 
 furnished, to which bathers can retire before going into the open air. 
 
 CROSS BATH (Bath Street). 
 
 1/6 
 2/- 
 1/6 
 1/6 
 1/6 
 
 Open Public Swimming Bath 
 
 2d. 
 
 Portable Baths at a temperature not exceeding 106° Fah. at Private Residence, 4, 6. 
 Tubs of Mineral Water, l/- each. 
 
 Arrangement for DRINKING the WATERS. 
 
 t 
 
 The Grand Pump Room (at which a Band plays during the Winter Season) is 
 open for Drinking the Waters on week days from S. 30 a.m. till 4. 30 p.m., and on 
 Sundays after the Morning Service, from 12.30 till 2. 
 
 Charges for Drinking the Waters : 
 
 Weekly, each person ... ... 1/6 Half-Vearly 
 
 Monthly ,, 5/- Yearly 
 
 Quarterly ,, 10/- Single Glass 2d, 
 
 At the Hetling Pump Room (open week days only) the charge is l/-fper Week, 
 
 2d. per Glass. 
 
 The Baths are open on week days from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. in the Summer, .and from 
 7 a.m. to 9 p m. in the Winter, and on Sund.ays from 7 to 10 a.m. 
 
 CONSTITUENT PARTS IN 100,000. 
 
 Calcium, 377 ; Magnesium, 47 4 ; Potassium. 39*5 : Sodium. 129 ; Lithium, traces ; Iron, 6'i , 
 Sulphuric Acid, 86g ; Carbonic Acid [combined), 86 ; Chlorine, 280 ; Silicia, 30 ; Strontium, traces ; 
 Alkaline Sulphides, traces ; Carbonic Acid Gas at normal tt-rnpcrature and pressure (cul)ic centimetres 
 per litre) 65 3 ; Total SoHd Contents in 100,000, i864"o ; Specific (iravity, 1*0015. 
 
 
 nTTTTr TcmrnTTinTOTTTtrTcmTnT 
 
 M
 
 GRAND PUMP ROOM HOTEL, 
 
 BATH, 
 
 S situated in the centre of the City. Spacious and handsome 
 Suites of Rooms. Good Coffee Room, Ladies' Drawing 
 Room, Smoking and Billiard Rooms. The Hotel is connected 
 with the finest Suite of Mineral Water Baths in Europe, highly 
 efficacious for Rheumatism, Gout, Sciatica, &c. Visitors requiring the 
 use of the Bath Waters, and residing in this Hotel, can obtain all the 
 benefits of these luxurious Baths without Exposure to the Weather. 
 
 The Wines are most carefully Selected, and the Cuisine is under an 
 
 experienced chef. 
 
 Superior Stabling, with Loose Boxes, within a few minutes 
 
 of the Hotel. 
 
 FOR PARTICULARS APPLY TO 
 
 C. W. RADWAY, Lessee. 
 
 
 ; >^ r..^_^^t>-\ 
 
 i^ti
 
 
 To Connoisseurs of Really High Class Wines. ^t^^ 
 
 20,000 Dozens in Stock. 
 
 A'ARE OLD SffER/^/ES. RARE OLD MADEIRAS. 
 
 RARE OLD VLXTACE PORTS. RARE OLD CLARETS. 
 RARE OLD DOCK'S. 
 Over 1,000 Dozens of HIGH CLASS CHAMPAGNES. 
 
 A VERY EXTENSIVE STOCK OF MODERATE AND 
 PRICED WINES. 
 CELLARS OPEN FOR LNfSPEC riO>f DAILY FROM 9 TILL 
 
 BOOKS OK PRICES ON APPLICATION. 
 
 LOW^- 
 6. 
 
 R. B. CATER & Co, 
 
 26 and 27, Market Place, 
 29 and 30, Upper Borough Walls, 
 I, 2, and 3, Bishop's Court, and 
 Bonded Warehouses, Midland Station, BATH. 
 
 BATH AND COUNTY 
 GROCERY & PROVISION 
 
 ^itpplj Stores, 
 
 MARKET PLACE. 
 
 and Upper Borough Walls, Bath. 
 
 At which Estabhshments detailed catalogues can he obtained free on application, 
 which will be found to contain Price Lists of all articles of general daily consumption 
 at rates as moderate as anv Co-operative Store in the kingdom, with these 
 ADDlTIO^JAL ADVANTAGES— thai no subscription ticket is required, 
 goods are delivered free of charge ; and by the large number of articles kept in .stock, 
 consumers are enabled to select goods for themselves, and thus escape the delay so 
 often occasioned in obtaining supplies from a distance. 
 
 To ensure these benefits all goods must be paid for on or before delivery, and 
 remittances must in every case accompany country orders. Cheque to be drawn in 
 favour of R. B. Cater and Co., and crossed Tugwell and Co., Bath. Post Office 
 Orders to be made payable to R. B. Cater .and Co., Bath. 
 
 The public for their own gain ought to compare the low rales which (in addition 
 to the advantages offered) are quoted with those usually charged, when it will be at 
 once apparent that a saving of from 15 to 20 per cent, may be effected. 
 
 i 
 
 4 i\ :?> 
 
 IP 
 
 4h^ 
 
 
 
 
 Mb 
 
 4m 
 4hb 
 
 ^ ,v, ^^ 
 
 4i 

 
 CHRISTOPHER HOTEL, 
 
 BATH. 
 
 JAMES ROBINSON, Proprietor. 
 
 iJHE oldest existinR FAMILY AND COMMERCIAL 
 
 HOTEL in the City, situated in the High Street, close to 
 
 the Abbey, Guildhall, and Public Markets, within Five 
 
 Minutes' Walk from the Great Western and Midland 
 
 Railway Stations. 
 
 It commands an uninterrupted view of the Picturesque Hill of 
 
 Bathwick and Hampton Downs. Every attention paid to Visitors to 
 
 this famous City who desire to combine the comforts of a home with 
 
 the freedom of an Hotel. 
 
 An Omnibus meets every Train. Night Porter kept. 
 PRICES MODERATE. 
 
 THE STORES, 
 
 (Corner of the Corridor) 
 
 19 8z: 20, MARKET PLACE, 
 
 1,2,3 & 4, Northumberland Place, 
 BATH. 
 
 WE beg to draw attention to our SYSTEM OF BUSINESS, 
 viz , Wholesale Prices for Retail Quantities, and 
 
 particularly request you, in your own interest, to call for and carefully 
 peruse our Price List You will at once see that a SAVING OF 
 FROM 15 to 25 PER CENT, is obtained over ordinary 
 retail traders. 
 
 DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 Grocery and Italian Goods. 
 Provisions. 
 Ale and Stout. 
 Mineral Waters. 
 
 Wines and Spirits. 
 Perfumery and Toilet Requisites. 
 Drugs and Patent Medicines. 
 Brushes, &c. 
 
 W. M. STOFFELL & COMPANY, Proprietors.
 
 19, Stall Street, Bath. 
 
 Established for the supply of Goods of first-rate excellence 
 and quality at the First Cost or Wholesale Price. 
 
 TAILORING, CLOTHING, 
 (ready made), 
 HOSIERY, GLOVES, SHIRTS, 
 HATS, UMBRELLAS, BOOTS 
 AND SHOES, 
 PORTMANTEAUS, 
 RAILWAY RUGS, LAWN 
 TENNIS REQUISITES, 
 
 CRICKET, &c., &c. / •s 
 
 ■ill 
 Goods 
 vtarkcJ 
 in Plain 
 Figures, and 
 any purchase 
 not approved 
 Exchanged or 
 the money returned. 
 
 Ladies' Departments. 
 RIDPNG HABITS, 
 JACKETS AND 
 ULSTERS, 
 Gloves, 
 Boots and Shoes, 
 
 Umbrellas, 
 Railway Rugs, 
 Travelling 
 Trunks, 
 Dress 
 Baskets, 
 Overland 
 
 Gentlemen's 
 Trousers, to measure, 
 10/6. 
 
 Made from pure Woollen Fabrics, 
 thoroughly shrunk and well-made. 
 
 SUITS, 35/-, 
 
 Perfect Fit in all cases Guaranteed. 
 
 Gentlemen's Morning Coat and 
 Vest to measure, 35/-, made from 
 pure Black Worsted Diagonal 
 Cloths. 
 
 Trunks, 
 &c. 
 
 Price Lists of Gentlemen's Youths', and 
 Juvenile Clothing, Ladies' Tailoring and 
 Boots and Shoes, together with Patterns and 
 Self-measurement forms, free on application. 
 
 19, Stall Street, Bath.
 
 MARCUS MEDRINGTON, 
 
 PERRUQUIER, 
 
 COIFFEUR, 
 
 PERFUMER and 
 
 HAIR RESTORER. 
 
 Private Rooms for 
 Hair Cutting, Dyeing, 
 Singeing the Hair and 
 Shampooing the Head. 
 
 Hr si- Class Assistants always in attendance. 
 
 44, MILSOM STREET, BATH. 
 
 Besides Ornamental Hair of every description, M. Medrington prepares different kinds 
 of Colouring Liqtjids for preventing the Hair ever turning grey; Quinine Pomade, guaranteed 
 to remove Scurf : Tonic Lotion, which is prepared according to the individual case where the 
 Hair suddenly falls off in patches or otherwise ; and Quinine and Cantharides Washes to 
 strengthen the Hair and keep the Skin of the Head in a clean and healthy state. Advice 
 on all these matters given gratis. 
 
 Prices from 2/- per Bottle to 10/6. The latter size sent to all parts of the country carriagfe paid. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHY. 
 
 M. Medrington's premises being very extensive, hj has added to his other business that 
 of Photography. Some years ago when Mr. Perkins (who was at that time the first Photographer 
 in the West of England) retired through illness M. Medrington purchased his plant and nua^.erous 
 negatives, and had them removed from Bridge Street to Milsom Street. Since then, by employing 
 first-class artists, he has been successful in securing a very high connection, and the portraits 
 taken in his studio have become celebrated for their softness, natural pose, and high finish. 
 Charges strictly moderate, consistent with first-clafs work. A visit to examine the specimens 
 exhibited in his studio is respectfully invited. 
 
 44, MILSOM STREET, BATH.
 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1830. 
 
 FURNISHING AND 
 
 (S^eneval Jroumongrvp Bepot, 
 
 5, BURTON STREET, 
 
 An{il /J, Upper Borou^s^h Walls, 
 BATH. 
 
 Hundreds of my Improved Close Fire Ranges are 
 
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 now in daily use, and giving entire satisfaction. 
 
 H. W. TYLER'S 
 
 Priced Furnishing Ironmongery List forwarded on application. Special 
 
 attention is called to this List, embracing as it do;s every artic'e 
 
 required, and which will compare favourably with any List 
 
 in the Country. 
 
 SHEFFIELD CUTLERY, 
 
 Always in Stock, of the same superior make as sold at thii Establishment 
 for the last 50 Years. 
 
 Register Grates, Tiled Grates, Hearths, Curbs, Brasses, 
 Fenders and Fireirons in great variety. 
 
 An Inspection of l.i- \ucll-seU\ltd and varied Stock 1 espcctfiiUy so'iciled. 
 
 ^.-rrrr^r^r^^j^ 
 
 ^i3^ 'ni^ll^ i>^L^t.^ fi\-i^A.t:^^nr< jXo^-^ "-i^i^A fHe^il/A 'ip^jA.t'^3)^ 'iCit
 
 LINCOLN & BENNETT'S HATS. 
 
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 23. MILSOM STREET. 
 2. GEORGE STREET, 
 
 (TAILORING DEPARTMENT,) 
 
 BATH. 
 
 LADIES' TAILORING. 
 
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 ESTABLISHED OVER 70 YEARS. 
 
 J. BILBY^lviERRIKIN, 
 
 (Formtrly TERRY &• nUTTON,) 
 
 f Iiiivnurccutical and gi^pcnisiing Cligmiot, 
 
 2S, MILSOM STREET, BATH, 
 
 (ADJOINING THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK.) 
 
 Especi;il attention is paid to the DisrKNSiNii Depautment of this Pharmacy, experienceij 
 Assistants only being employeil, and the Drugs and Chemicals selected with the utmost care and 
 attention to jnirity. , , , . . ^ ,,,,•■ 
 
 I'ro cnpti.ins are dispensed and dispalclie ! immediately on then- receipt, and MeUicincs, \c., 
 promptly furwaiclcd to all parts of the eountrv l-v post or otherwise. 
 
 .J. D. INI. hf^s to suhinil the followin:.; more select Preparations madebyhimandrccommeuded 
 on account of tlieir superior excellence ;— 
 
 Quinine and Iron Tonic. 
 
 Valuable in cases of Debility 
 and Poorness of Blood, in 
 bottles at ij'i. 
 
 Roseal Balm, 
 
 of special use for Chapped 
 Hands, Lips and Roughness of 
 the Skin, in bottles at 1/-, 2, -, 3, U. 
 
 The Queen's Dentifrice, 
 
 prepared from tlie nriu'inal receipt 
 of Mr. Saunders, Dentist to Her 
 Majesty and the Poyal Fam ily, in 
 boxes and glass jars at 1/-. 
 
 PURIFIED CASTOR OIL, 
 
 Prepared by a special process and rendered entirely free from all unpleasant taste or smell without 
 impairing its medicinal qualities. , ,..,., , ,. , • , ., 
 
 This oil, superior to any which has hitherto been oftered to the public, has received the 
 especial sanction and commendation of several eminent memljers of tlie Meihcal Profession. 
 
 The absence of smell and taste, as also of the very ol-jectionablo ajtcr-taste, which is so dis- 
 tressing to the taker, must be a strong recommendation for its use. 
 
 Sold in bottles at 6d., 1/-, 2,'-, 3.(i, and upwards. 
 
 MERRIKIN'S 
 
 PECTORAL 
 
 LOZENGE 
 
 For the Relief and Cme of pi 
 
 Coughs, Colds, Asthma, 
 and especially Tightness of| 
 Breath, Difficulty of Ex-., 
 pectoration, Bronchitis, iVc. ;, 
 
 This valuib'c Lozenge, a- 
 which has maintained its repu-F.^SJ;. 
 tation for more than a hundred jJiJJfc^ 
 years, was inventctl by the late" "'*^ 
 Mr. Alderman Henry Parky, 
 of St. Catherine's Court, nejr 
 Bath, and waslargely sold by him 
 at his shop for the sale of Drugs, 
 situated in Wade's Passage— as 
 shown in the vignette. 
 
 Sold in Boxes, at l/U. 
 
 Which will be forwarded by _._ . . 
 
 Poit on receipt of 15 Stamps. BATH ABBEY CHURCH AND WADES PASSAGE, 
 
 A3 THEY APPEARED IN 1750. 
 
 ^^
 
 i© 
 
 WHITE LION HOTEL 
 
 F. P. FENNER caJZ,.), Proprietor. 
 
 HIS OLD-ESTABLISHED, SPACIOUS, and FIRST- 
 CLASS HOTEL occupies the best and most command- 
 ing position in the " Queen City," and aims at being classed 
 among the most comfortable ; being under the constant supervision 
 of the Proprietor and his Family. 
 
 TARIFF CARDS WITH VIEW ON APPLICATION. 
 ESTABLISHED 1820. 
 
 Cabinet and Upholstery l^anufactory and 
 
 Warerooms, 
 9, NORTHGATE STREET, 
 B AT H^_^^ 
 
 geo.T^danTel horton, 
 
 upholsterers, Appraisers. Hotise Agents, 
 AND UNDERTAKERS. 
 
 VALUATIONS FOR PROBATE. 
 A large Stock of NEW & SECOND-HAND FURNITURE 
 
 Dry and Extensive Rooms for Storing Goods. 
 ®lgi® Spring Vans for the Removal of Furniture. Estimates Free. 
 
 ^'fei® Every Description of Bedding and Spring Mattresses tnade to Order. 
 
 ®s® 
 
 fiii'^'|f?Q©QC>o@@'OiC)ia^ooig^a»agffl@@go@&o«iQftP'Pi ; ;;ij>ogg0g:?©©4Ji:gig©Qg@@g(B^^0
 
 Jt'<^Vifiy>"yi "<• ;.;/! '•■■'"'■ ■ '• 'A •"■ v\"'n""A 'n'7'r a'ja' n-v." /,";/,':/\"';\ ;n\n";-A riV'^'* ,''■•,■' ' • ^{' c: i' ''' \^'~-j • ', 
 
 ESTABLISHED 187S. . ^...o'-i 
 
 GLOVES 
 
 Being supplied direct from the 
 
 Manufactory 
 
 "Nkll & HEAFIELD, 
 
 34, MILSOM STREET, 
 
 4 & 3, IVestgafe Street, 
 BATH. 
 
 
 BATH GLOVE 
 MANUFACTORY 
 
 THE BEST AND CHEAPEST DEPOT y|j|| 
 
 /^C?i^ EVERY DESCRIPTION OF ^^SS^ 
 
 
 ADDRESS— U®''^-'3 
 
 
 Price Lists (with History of Gloves and their Manufacture) .-i§iw^'^ 
 
 sent post free on application. = '."S^o''! 
 
 'S?,^^'-! 
 
 All prepaid Orders sent free of carriage. 
 
 -^'.T:^
 
 
 T/ie P harmacetitical Laboratory and 
 Dispensing E stab lis Jmient^ 
 
 14, NEW BOND STREET, BATH. 
 
 For nearly Half-a-Century held in high repute as 
 
 CLARKE SMITH'S 
 
 Now under the constant Personal Supervision of the Sole Proprietor, 
 
 Joseph V. Toone, 
 
 PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMIST, 
 Who succeeded Mr. CLARKE SMITH in June, 1873. 
 
 Depot for Genuine Eau de Cologtie and Foreign Mineral Waters. 
 MEDICINES SENT OUT WITH PROMPTNESS AND DESPATCH. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1792. 
 
 JAMES DAVIES, 
 
 €ngltsf) % JForetgn ^oofeseller, 
 
 GENERAL & FANCY STATIONER, 
 
 GRAND PUMP ROOM LIBRARY & READING ROOM, 
 
 5, ABBEY CHURCHYARD, 
 
 BATH, 
 
 (Close to the Roman Bath.) 
 
 THE BATH WATERS, 
 
 Their Uses and Effects in the Relief and Cure of various Chronic Diseases, by 
 
 James Tunstall, M.D. Crown Svo., cloth; 5th Edition, 
 
 revised by Dr. Carter, M.D. Price 2/6. 
 
 '^\^$^ ^0{^Z^ i^^^l.^S^
 
 miMi^^^i^^- 
 
 ;:;-;:; 
 
 Established in Bath over Twenty Years. 
 
 T. J. TUTTELL, 
 
 gn]^(5E0i] cr^iJ^opoDigT 
 
 May be CONSULTED DAILY 
 
 For all the ills that Feet are heir to, 
 
 Including CORNS, BUNIONS. & INGROWING TOE NAILS. 
 
 LADIES CAN BE ATTENDED BY MRS. TUTTELL. 
 
 8, Kingston Buildings, 
 
 (Back of the Abbey Church), 
 
 BATH. 
 
 IThc Bristoi Meeoury v:as e-taUishcd March \st, 1790. The Bristol Daily Post was 
 issued in conjunction with the MERCURY on Jawxary 2ith, 1860, and in;i/ri)oratcd with 
 it January 26th, 1S7S.] 
 
 THE BRISTOL MERCURY 
 
 AND DAILY POST, 
 
 WESTERN COUNTIES, MONMOUTHSHIRE, ,i- SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER 
 
 PUBLISHED DAILY-ONE PENNY. 
 
 The Bristol IMercchy has for many years held a (hstinf;uished place in the front rank 
 of English Provincial Journals, anil is recogniseii as at the head of ttie Press west of the 
 Metropolis. Its well-known prestifre and influence are now greatly increased l>y the Incorpo- 
 ration with it of the D.\ily Post, so long issued in conjunction ivith it, and by the equalisation 
 of price throughout the week. 
 
 The Bristol MERcrRY anp D.mly Port, on Saturdays, is one of the largest and 
 cheapest Newspapers in tlie Kin.iidoiii, and its great circulation renders it an unrivalled 
 Advertising Medium on that as on the otlier days of the week. Not cmly is it universally 
 read in Bristol and the neighbourhood, but it is most extensively distril)uted tliniu^shnut the 
 Counties of nioac ster, Somerset, Wilts, Dorset, Dcron, Grrnwail, Mnnmnulh and Ifrn fonl, 
 the whole of South Wales, and other parts nf the kingdom. The advantai^es it allord.i to 
 Advertisers who desire the fullest publicity for their announcements are quite unapproached 
 by any other Paper in the West of England. This fact has been long recognised by 
 Professional Men, Auctioneers, &,c. 
 
 On Saturdays a Weekly Supplement of Eight Pages, or;4S Columns, can be had with 
 that day's number, forming a complete Weekly Newspaper of 16 Pages or 104 Columns. 
 Price of Paper and Supplement, Twopence. 
 
 Office— i^, BROAD STREET, BRISTOL.
 
 &imsiii. 
 
 H. G. Hall. 
 
 -ojo- 
 
 ,„ SHOW ROOMS FOR GASELIERS 
 
 t?^'-^ 
 
 OUSE). 
 
 "4'— ^!--BLADUD HOUSE 
 
 T (NEAR THE YORK H 
 
 j3.0-»-0.8^ ^ c4=o}o ofoofo z^^l/i^i^-^r-^ 
 
 A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF.NEW DESIGNS IN 
 
 Antique Bronze, and Early English Patterns 
 
 FOR 
 
 GASELIERS, HALL LAMPS, 
 iSratfeets, Jc, 
 
 Just received from the Manufacturers. 
 
 An immense assortment of the latest patterns in 
 
 COLOURED & FANCY GLASSES, 
 
 Suited for the Christiana and Governor Burners. 
 
 Estimates given for all kinds of Gas Work, 
 Gas Fires, and Gas Apparatus. 
 
 AGENT FOR 
 
 Sugg's Patent Burners, Pneumatic Bells, and 
 
 Electric Bells, with Burglar Alarms, 
 
 for Doors, &c.
 
 
 N."jih.°:a.,.°y.H°i 
 
 IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQO9O do 
 
 ■rft»*-<. 
 
 
 BY APPOINTMENT 
 
 H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, 
 
 T. KNIGHT & SON, 
 
 10, MILSOM STREET, BA TH 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 DOMESTIC FURNITURE, 
 
 OOOCOSCCCOOCOOOOQOOOSIiSQOOCOeOOOOOrOOOOGOOQOOOOOOOO 
 
 Of all kinds. 
 
 Ah Immense Stock to 
 ckoose from. 
 
 ;';; n-ery AVtc and Approved 
 Material. 
 
 PARQUET FLOORS. 
 FLOORCLOTHS 
 
 BEDDING 
 
 Maun/actured oji the 
 Premises. 
 
 ESTIMATES 
 FREE. 
 
 FURNITURE FOR 
 
 DRAWING ROOMS, 
 DINING ROOMS, 
 LIBRARIES, 
 HALLS, 
 
 BEDROOMS. 
 
 WOOD MANTEL-PIECES 
 
 AND 
 
 All ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 
 
 0/ f URNITUKE and one of WOOD 
 
 MANTEL-PIECES, &'c.,jhs( 
 
 Published. 
 
 
 LINCRUSTA 
 
 WALTON, 
 
 The Beautiful Sun- 
 bury Wall Decoration 
 
 PAPER-HANGINGS. 
 
 Brass and Iron 
 
 BEDSTEADS. 
 
 Goods over the value 
 
 of ;550 
 CARRIAGE PAID. 
 
 
 A MONTHLY CATALOGUE OF ESTATES AND HOUSES SENT FREE ON APPLICATION. 
 Retntmals lo all parls of the Countiy. Goods Warehoused in Separate Rooms. 
 
 "l^nDcttafecrs. 
 
 '»'! 
 
 ©''»'• 
 
 B 
 
 
 QOoaeQQOQ9Q9oonooooo Q89Q99ioa9Ooaa9aeQ99eQQe!999Q0e!aaQ<j.Q0eoQr^.»le 

 
 
 THOMAS CLOUGH, 
 
 Fishmg Rod and 1 ackle Mamtfadurer, 
 9, NEW BOND STREET, 
 
 BATH. 
 
 Breech-loading Guns and Revolvers with Latest Improvements. 
 
 GUNS CLEANED AND REPAIRED. 
 
 Breech-loading Cartridges ready on the Shortest Notice. 
 
 Agent for ilic Nao '^ Austria''^ Self-fastening Skate. 
 
 THE LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTMENT OF RODS, TACKLE, &C,, IN THE 
 
 WEST OF ENGLAND. 
 Every Description of Rods, Lines, Artificial Baits, including Minnows. Salmon and 
 Trout Flies, Spoon Baits, with all Latest Improvements, Reels or Winches in Wood, 
 
 Metal and Vulcanite. 
 BEST SILKWORM GUT. 
 Refairs of all kinds Examtcd on the Pyemises Tvilh Aratness and Despatch. 
 
 gie mm ^oofec ^Ijoppc, bath. 
 
 Catalogues of our extensive Purchases in Rare, Scarce, and Valuable Books 
 issued regularly, and sent gratis and post free to any address. 
 
 Specialities : — Fine 
 Art Books, Topo- 
 graphical, Local 
 Works of Interest 
 (Works on Somer- 
 setshire, Wiltshire, 
 Gloucestershire, 
 &c. ), Family Histo- 
 ries, Antiquarian, 
 Literary MSS., Au- 
 tograph Letters of 
 Literary & Artistic 
 interest, Original 
 and Rare Editions 
 
 vBiftKH;^:- 
 
 msm^m:^mm 
 
 B k J. F. MEEHAN, 32, Gay Street,'& 11 
 
 Local Agents for Ruskin's Works . — Copies of 
 
 of Venice," " Seven Lamps," &c. 
 
 BOOKS PURCHASED LIB 
 
 of Standard and 
 Popular Authors, 
 PresentationCopies 
 of Valuable Works, 
 Heraldry, County 
 Histories, and Lit- 
 erary Curiosities of 
 every description . 
 alsoan IMMENSE 
 STOCK of 
 MODERN 
 BOOKS (Medical, 
 Theological, Law, 
 &c.) 
 
 , Pulteney Bridge. BATH. 
 
 "Modern Painters," "Stones 
 
 , &c., for Sale. 
 
 RABIES CATALOGUED. 
 
 ii^mwmmw^mm^w^^^^m^mmmsm^WMw^Mwmw 
 
 • S^ fl vs ity>ys>.Sss j^y
 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1810. 
 THE ORIGINAL 
 
 Bed & Mattress Manufactory, 
 
 BY STEAM POWER. 
 
 Metallic Bedstead and Got 
 
 WAREHOUSE, 
 
 38, BROAD STREET. BATH. 
 
 WEAVER & SON, Proprietors 
 
 SEWING MACHINES 
 
 Of any Make LENT ON HIRE, 
 Wtik the option of Purchase at the List Price, 
 
 Or 2/- IN THE £ OFF FOR CASH. 
 
 All Repairs Executed on the Premises. 
 
 Needle? for all kinds of Machines. 
 
 THE SEWlNTlMACmNTEXCHANGt, 
 38, Broad Street, Bath. 
 WEAVER & SON, Proprietors. 
 
 €f)c Satf) ?|eralti. 
 
 NORTH WILTS & SOMERSET GUARDIAN, 
 
 ESTABLISHED MARCH 3RD, 1792. 
 
 The Latest and Fullest Telegrams, 
 Anticipating the London Daily Papers. 
 
 Best for Advertisers, Best for Readers, 
 
 PUBLISHED DAILY, 
 
 MONDA Y to FRTDA Y at 1.30 p.m. and 5 p.m., 
 
 ONE HALFPENNY. 
 
 SATURDAY at 6 a.m. and 2 p.m., 
 
 ONE PENNY. 
 
 12, NORTH GATE, BATH. 
 
 
 
 
 tn-Cv. 
 
 
 ^0: 
 
 m 
 

 
 .g^. 
 
 ESTABLISHED 1820. 
 
 Drapers, Mercers, Hosiers, and Carpet Warehousemen. 
 
 Agents for Antoine Guinet's Celebrated BLACK SILKS. The 
 best Black Silk made. 
 
 Showrooms for Mantles, Millinery, Costumes and Ladies' and Children's Outfitting. 
 
 iLace, Eib&ons, jFlotoccs, jFeat^ers aiiD (©loties. 
 
 GENTLEMEN'S OUTFITTING, No. i, NEIV BOND STEET. 
 
 ORDERS BY POST CAREFULLY AND PROMPTLY EXECUTED, 
 FUNERALS CONDUCTED. Special attention to Mourning Orders. 
 
 Pallii-yts of Materials and Estimates Tost Free on npplieation. 
 Carriage Paid one way on all Goods sent on Approval. 
 
 F. EALAND & Co., 
 
 /, 2, J, ^, Neiu Bond St., and Northgate St., BA TH.
 
 (( 
 
 THE EXCHANGE," 
 
 Orders Received: i, NEW BOND STREET BUILDINGS; 
 Orders Despatched . 2i, GREEN STREET ; 
 Cellars : 2. BROAD STREET ; 
 
 Bonded Stores : MIDLAND STATION, 
 
 BATH. 
 
 CO-OPERATIVE SYSTEM. 
 
 THE Proprielor of this Lst;iblishment (uhicli is for the 
 Distribution of Groceries, Wines, Simrits, Ales, 
 Stiiut, Patent Medicines, &c., ifcc), cori'lucts his 
 Business on the System of All Goods being Paid for 
 
 WHEN THEV ARE ORDERED. 
 
 Although sold in retail quantities, they are Charged for 
 at Wholesale Rates, as a perusal of the Price List will 
 prove. The latter can be had on application, or post free. 
 
 The advantages of this system are very great, resulting 
 in many cases of a SAVING to the Purchaser fro.m Ten 
 to Thirty per Cent. 
 
 Country Orders must be accompanied by Cheque or 
 Post-Ufficc Order, crossed Moger and Son, and payable to 
 
 WM. PEACH. 
 
 Peach's 
 
 Old Red Wine, 
 
 Ricommtnded by Medical Men, 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM LETTERS. 
 
 No Acidity 
 
 Bristol; Jan. 8, 1881. 
 " As far as my experience goes I do 
 not find it creates the same amount of 
 acidity as sherries and ports." 
 
 Wine for Invalids. 
 
 Barnstaple, N. Devon ; 
 
 April 14th, 1881. 
 "Mrs. F. has much pleasure in 
 bearing testimony to the beneficial 
 effects of ' Feach's Old Red Wine,' 
 which she has now taken for many 
 months, and h.is recommended to many 
 who are not strong and need a wine 
 which causes no acidity. She feels 
 it ought to be more known for its 
 beneficial qualities, and hopes it will 
 become generally known — which it 
 certainly deserves to be." 
 
 Invigorating. 
 
 Bath ; April 25th, 1881. 
 
 "Mrs. has taken 'Peach's 
 
 Old Red Wine' regularly for some 
 time, and has found it agree with her 
 better than other wine she has tried. 
 
 " Invalids cannot do better than try 
 this Wine, which though pleasantly 
 invigorating never gives headache." 
 
 Wine for every-day use. 
 
 Bath ; March 15th, i88l. 
 Dear Sir, — 
 " I have dr.ink the three dozen of 
 your ' Peach's Old Red Wine,' and 
 find it agrees with me very well. Be 
 good enough to send me six dozen more 
 of the same sort." 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 B. 
 
 -^.£jifcrnUl!brJi(lP^^;'"ii^;7:^flri!&i.f,:;ij;N:^ 

 
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