LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Class WAGES (STAN DA I? I) IMKC'K RAT! BOARD OF TRADE (LABOUR DEPART^ R E P R T ON STANDARD PIECE RATES OF WAGES AND SLIDING SCALES T N THE UNITED K T N G D O M . (1900.) to LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY DARLING & SON. LTD., 1-3, GREAT ST. THOMAS APOSTLE, E.G. And to be purchased, either directly or through anv Bookseller, from EYRE&SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDINGSTRETET,FLKET STREET, E.C., 32, ABINQDON STREET, WESTMINSTER, s.W. ; or JOHN MENZ1EJS * Co.. 12, HANOVER STREKT, EDINBURGH, and 90 WEST NILE STREET, GLASGOW ; m HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited. 104, GRAFTOW STRKKT. DDBLIU 11HM). [Cd. 144.] SALE OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. The under-mentioned Firms have been appointed sole Agents for the sale of Government Publications, including Parliamentary Reports and Papers, Acts of Parliament, Record Office Publications, &c., &c., and all such works can be purchased from them either directly or through retail booksellers, who are entitled to a discount of 25 per cent, from the selling prices : IN ENGLAND : For all publications excepting Ordnance and Geological Maps, the Hydrographical Works of the Admiralty, and Patent Office Publications: Messrs. EYRE ANU SPOTTISWOODE, East Harding Street, E.G. For Geological Maps : Mr. E. STANFORD, Cockspur Street, S.W. For Hydrographical W rks of tne Admiralty : Mr. J. D. POTTER, 31, Poultry, E.G. Patent Office Publications are sold at the Patent Office. For all Publications excepting the Hydrographical Works of the Admiralty and Patent Office Publications : IN SCOTLAND : Messrs. JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, Hanover Street, Edinburgh, and 90, West Nile Street, Glasgow. IN IRELAND : Messrs. HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., LIMITED, 104, Graf ton Street, Dublin. ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND :-There are Agents for the sale of these Maps in most of the chief towns. Copies can also be ordered at many Head Post Offices, and through any Bookseller, or from the Director-General Ordnance Survey, Southampton ; or, in the case of Ireland, from the Officer in Charge Ordnance Survey, Dublin. The following is a list of some of the more important Parliamentary and Official Publications recently issued : Parliamentary : Stai ates Public General, Session 1899. With Index, Tables, &c. Cloth. Price 3a. Secoii Revised Edition. A.D. 1235-1713 to A.D. 1872-1883. XV.Vols. Price 7s. Qd. each. Revise Editions. Tables showing subsequent Repeals, effected by Acts of Session 62 & 63 Viet. 1899. Price 6<1 Statutes in Force. Index to. 15th Edition. To end of 62 & 63 Yict. 2 Vols. Price 10s. 6d. The Statutory Rules and Orders revised. Statutory Rules and Orders, other than those of a Local, Personal, or Temporary Character, issued prior to 1890, and now in force. Vols. I. to VIII. Price 10s. each. Statutory Rules and Orders other than those of a Local, Personal, or Temporary Character. With a List of the more important Statutory Orders of a Local Character arranged in classes : and an Index. Roy. 8vo. Boards. Issued in the years 1890. 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, and 1899. Price 10s. each. Statutory Rules and Orders in force on 1st January 1893. Index to. Price 10*. Statutory Rules and Orders, 1900. Registered under the Rules Publication Act, 1893. In course of issue. Acts of Parliament, Public and Local and Private, Session 1900. In course of issue. [H.C. No. 97/1900.1 LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANIES Statement of Account, 1899. Price 2.5. Wd. [H.C. No. 134)1900.] COAL. Tables showing Production, &c. 1883 to 1898. Price Qd. [Cd. 46.] PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF A CABLE ACROSS THE PACIFIC OCEAN. Canada- Australia. Price lQ$d. [Cd. 67.] AGED DESERVING POOR. Report of Departmental Committee on the Financial Aspects of Proposals ; with Appendices. Price Is. 3d. [C. G8.] COLONIAL AND OTHER POSSESSIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. Statistical Tables, 1894-95:: 96. Price 6s. W$d. [Cd. 71.] RAILWAY PASSENGKR COMMUNICATION. Circular by the Board of Trade. Price [Cd. 94.] Cm MA, No. 2. Correspondence with the United States respecting Foreign Trade. Price [Cd. 167.] MIVES AND QUARRIES. General Report and Statistics, 1899. Part I. Persons employed, output, accidents, &c. Price Sd. [Cd. 120.] INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. Labour Department Directory. Price l$d. MINES. Reports of H.M. Inspectors for 1899, with Summaries of the Statistical portion under the provisions of the Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1887 ; Metalliferous Mines Regulation Acts, 1872-1875; Slate Mines (Gunpowder) Act, 1882, Districts Nos. 1 to 13. In course of issue. r MINES in the United Kingdom and tiie Isle of Man. List of, for 1898. . Price 3s. QUARRIES. Ditto. ditto. ditto. 1898. Price 3s. 8d MINES ABANDONED. List of the Plans of. Corrected to 31st December 1898. Price IQd WAGES (STANDARD PIECE RATES). BOARD OF TRADE (LABOUR DEPARTMENT). REPORT ON STANDARD PIECE RATES OF WAGES AND SLIDING SCALES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (1900.) xrf lf OF THE UNIVERSITY LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY DAHLING & SON, LTD., 1-3, GREAT ST. THOMAS APOSTLE, B.C. And to be purchased, either directly or through anv Bookseller from BYUE4SPOTTISWOODE,EASTHARDiNGSTREET, FLEET STREET E.G. and 32, ABINODON STREET, WESTMINSTER, S.W.; or JOHN MENZ1ES A Co., 12, HANOVER STREET, EDINBURGH, and 90, WEST NILE STREET, GLASGOW ; or HODGES, FIGGIS, J 1 3 2 3 11 11 x 7 12 x 6 . I S5 3 11 4 5 16 x 10 16 x 12 ) } 10 x 10 ] 18 x 9 i 12 x 8 18 x 10 } 2 5 2 11 3 8 '12 x 10 13 x 7 ,, 3 8 4 2 18 x 12 20 x in \ 13 x 8 20 x 12 ) 14 x 7 j and ' 2 2 2 8 3 5 13 x 10 14 x 8 > 2 11 3 5 3 11 upwards. j 14 x 10 ) WESTMORELAND TON SLATES LAID IN GRADUATED COURSES. Green Gray 7 9 Queen's Tons 6 9 Weather-mitred hips and ridges, 2d. per foot. Close-mitred hips, with or without soakers,, 3d. per foot. Plain and capped ridges, Id. per foot. All other clay ridging-, l$d. per foot. Slate roll and flange, 2d. per foot. per Cement or mortar collaring, yard. Cutting slates to pattern, cant ends, Hd. per 100. Cutting slates to pattern, round ends, lg. 3d. per 100. [The slates to be counted in the roof.] Stripping. All sizes, where slates and lath are removed and carried down the ladder and carefully stacked, 1*. 6d. per square. Where slates only are taken off and re-used on the same roof. 9d. per square. * A square is 100 square feet of finished slating. 8032 1,0006/99 Wt 6836 D & Sl (B) SLATING AND TILING. EXTRAS. Pugging on boarded roof a 1*. per square. When torching is done away with and lead pegs used ... 1*. ., On old slates re-used ... ... ... ... ... ... 3d. ., ., For work done out of town so that the slater cannot return home at night, on all prices (except 10 x 6 and 8 x 8) 2d. For slating to four-storey buildings and upward, to cover the extra labourer 3d. Leicester Price List for Tiling. Per Per square. square. 4' 9 Bedded only 5 9 and nailed every 3 or and nailed every 3 4 courses o 3 or 4 courses 6 ., fully nailed ... 5 9 ,. ,. ,. fully nailed... 6 ft single torched ... fully torched ... 5 9 6 3 ,, ., single torched 6 6 , fully torched 7 single torched and ., single torched nailed every 3 and nailed or 4 courses ... fi 3 every 3 or 4 single torched courses ... 7 and fully nailed 6 9 single torched fully torched and and fully nailed every 3 nailed ... 76 or 4 courses ... 6 9 fully torched fully torched and and nailed fully nailed ... 7 3 every 3 or 4 Wall tiling on lath, or wall courses ... 7 6 plugged and nailed to wall 8 ., fully torched and fully nailed ... 8 Per foot. Per foot. Cutting to and fixing valley, hips, and angle tiles... Filleting on tiles under brick 2 Cutting to lead valleys ... 2$ close valleys ... 2 Close mitred hips or stone copi ngs Pointing verges Fixing soffit gable 1 Ridging, same as in list for slating. EXTRAS. Pegging tiles with wooden pegs Tiling to four-storey buildings and upwards, to cover the extra labourer !* P^ square. MINING AND QUARRYING. COAL MINING. Both time-work and piece-work systems prevail among coalminers, the hewers being almost invariably paid by the piece, while the majority of other underground workers, nearly all surface men, and most lads and boys are paid by time, although in some districts, e.g., Northumberland, putters and some other underground workers are paid by the piece. There are no definite statistics showing the numbers of those paid by the piece and by the day in coal mining. The returns of wages paid to miners in 1886, collected by the Board of Trade, furnish, however, some material from which a rough estimate may be made of the relative proportions of piece and time workers. These returns covered a total of 78,646 persons employed in coal and iron mining,, of whom 40,464* were employed by the piece and 36,553* by the day. Applying the proportion thus obtained to the number of persons shown by the returns of the mines' inspectors to be employed in and about coal mines in 1898, the figures would show that about 364,000 persons were working by piece, and 329,000 by day rates. There are no generally recognised piece-lists 1 applicable to whole districts in the coal-mining industry, the prices varying not only from colliery to colliery, but often in different parts of the same colliery, owing to the great variety of circumstances under which the coal has to be got. Thus when general or district advances or reductions of wages are made, they are not based upon any uniformly recognised standard, but upon the standards prevailing at the separate collieries. In Northumberland and Durham, however, " county averages " have been agreed to, which are used as a guide in the framing of piece price lists. In these counties joint committees of representatives of the employers and workpeople exist, to whom appeal may be made in the event of prices being fixed which result in earnings varying above or below certain limits from the recognised average. There- fore such printed price lists as exist in the coal trade are applicable to particular collieries only. A few specimens of such lists have been obtained, and may be quoted as illustrations of the general system on which the piece earnings of miners are calculated. It must not, however, be supposed that any general inferences can be drawn as to earnings from the actual rates quoted, since these depend on a great variety of local conditions. Scales of piece rates in force at selected collieries in the important coal mining districts of Northumberland, Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Not- tingham and South Wales are given on the following pages. In connec- tion with these lists it should be stated that in Yorkshire a " contract " system is sometimes adopted, whereby the hewer pays out of the piece price time wages of from 6s. to 7s. per day to his " holer," and 5s. to 6s. per day to the " trammer." Occasionally the hewer and holer share the profits after the trammer has received his day wages. In Derby- shire also the system prevails of the holer and filler or loader being paid by the stallman or hewer. In Northumberland and South Wales the prices paid to hewers are usually nett. * In addition to these numbers. 1,629 lads and boys are returned as working- time and piece, it not being possible to separate them. They were coal hewers' assistants. 30321 A COAL MINING. The following list is for a Northumberland colliery, and is interest- ing as showing the variations in price in consequence of special con- ditions above referred to, as well as extras which must be taken into account in computing the hewers' earnings : 1. District. 2. District. Height of Seam. 3. District. 4. District. 5. District. Whole. Whole. Whole. Whole. Whole. s. d. s. d. ft. in. s. d. s. d. s. d. 1 94 per ton. 1 104 2 1 per ton. 22,, Over3 3 At 3 3 2 per ton. 2 1 2 2 per ton. 23 1 11 per ton all band cast back. 20 23 ,,30 2 24 2 44 Under 1 in. No Pay. Pillars. Pillars. Pillars. Pillars. At lin. *62d. p. ton. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 3,, T3 1 7 per ton. 1 104 per ton. 1 114 Over3 3 At 3 3 1 94 per ton. 1 104 1 114 per ton. 2 04 6 1*9 ,, 9,,' 2-5 i 4 " 2 1 ,,30 2 2 2 12 3-1 Yard Seam. Longwall Yard Seam. Longwall Height of Yard Seam. Longwall "ET j Ig^ Drift New Oal. Drift District. Seam. District, Per Ton. Per Tf)n s. d. s. d. ft. in. s. d. 2 54 per ton. 2 4 per ton. Over 3 2 84 per ton. At 3in.r3p.ton Under 4in. cast back without 2 64 25 At 3 2 94 6 1*9 payment, d. 28 2 64 2 11 2 11 ,, 9 ,, 2'5 At Jjin.OAperton. 29 2 74 * 210 3 12 3'1 ',! 2," 14 :; 3,, 2 2 104 29 ,,29 3 14 M 15 3'7 ,. 6,. 24 ;, 9 3 2 114 2 10 2 8 3 24 ,- ,,18 ,,4'5 12 34 "15." 4 30*,, 2 11 ,,27 34 ,21 ,,5'0 18 .. 44 .. 21 .. ') ,. 3 14 ,. i 3 26 3 5 i i Low MAIN SEAM YARD PRICES. Winning headways, 3 yds., double single Doling walls double ,. single *Narrow bords double single Nicking in Jenkins or Stooks . . Driving Jenkins . . . ... Siding over in pillars Crosscuts, extra per yd. s. d. 1 10 1 7 1 8 fDouble or lamps in whole, l'3d. on round. JWet Top water, '62 Broken price paid when two pillars are off, big or little. But when two pillars or walls distant from goaf, irrespective of length or breadth, whole price shall be paid. YARD SEAM YARD PRICKS. per yd. s. d. I 8 94 Is. Id. Winning headways. 3 yds., double single Holing walls double single Siding over in pillars Nicking in Jenkins or Stooks. . Putting First rank of 130 yards per score ; and Id. per score for each 30 yards, or portion of 30 yards, from centre of station or flat. Ilewing putters, 4d. per yard extra rank. Main coal Lorraine Bank ( ) per ton. Laid out tubs, over 30 Ibs. stone, half of tub lost. Laid out tubs, over 56 Ibs. stone, whole tub lost. Set out tubs, old pattern, under 8J cwts. new pattern, under 74 cwts. * " Band " is a layer of stone in a bed of coal ; "ramble" is a layer of stone on the top of the coal which comes down when the coal is taken out. " Bord " is the name of the working place of the miners in what is known as the "whole" ; the bords are usually six yards wide a yardage rate, in addition to the tonnage, being paid for " narrow bords," i.e., bords of less than the recognised width. t The prices fixed are for men working singly in bord and wall workings, but when two men are required to work together in a bord or wall they are paid extra ; if safety lamps are required to be used instead of naked lights, the workmen are also paid extra. J When water drips from the roof on to the coal the workmen are paid extra, SPECIMEN PIECE RATE LISTS. A South Yorkshire Colliery. TONNAGE PIECE RATES FOR GETTING COAL : Getting 1 best coal end or cross-cut, Is. 5d. per ton. Getting best coal in straight work. 11s. lid. per score of 10 tons. Getting clay seam end or cross-cut, in benks, 10s. per score of 10 tons. Getting clay seam in straightwork, 9s. 6d. per score of 10 tons. Getting smudge end or cross-cut, in benks, 5s. per score of 8 tons. Getting smudge in straightwork, 5s. 3d. per score of 8 tons. YARDAGE PIECE RATES : Driving bords, 6s. per lineal yard. Driving levels, 8s. per lineal yard. Driving end slits up to 50 yards, 7s. 2d. per lineal yard. Packing up to softs, Is. lOd. per lineal yard. Packing up to bags, 2s. per lineal yard. Packing 2 yards wide, 2s. 6d. per lineal yard. Packing 9 feet packs, 9 feet wide, 3s. 8d. per lineal yard. Covering out, 3s. per lineal yard. Leading cutting in longwall, end on or broken, 5s. per lineal yard. Cutting softs in straightwork when they have been left, 6d. per lineal yard. Cutting bags in straightwork when they have been left, 4d. per lineal yard. ALLOWANCES FOR EXTRA WORK : Tramming to be done 60 yards on level or end, and 40 yards on the bord, 2d. on every additional 30 yards on level or end, and 2d every additional 20 yards on bord. Setting bars up to 7 feet long, 6d. each; over 7 feot and up to 10 feet long, Is. each. Shiftwork, 5d. per score of 10 tons. Working shifts in straightwork, 6d. per yard on the measure got. Breaking softs in waste when required from new cross-gates, 5s. the job, one man to do the work. Robbing old gate packs, 4 feet 6 inches wide, 6d. per side per lineal yard. Robbing old gate packs, 2 yards wide, 9d. per side per lineal yard. Robbing old gate packs, 3 yards wide. Is. per side per lineal yard. Filling muck, 3d. per corf. Emptying muck, 3d. per corf. Hurrying chocks in or out of working places, 6d. per corf. Hurrying flat sheets in or out of working places, Is. each. Setting soft wood chocks when commencing new cross-gate, Is. each pack. Pushing up in dip side places after reaching 15 to 30 yards, Is. per score ; 30 to 45, 2s. ; and 45 to 60 yards, 3s. per score. Taking old bars out, 6d. each, except when taken from under softs when they are got out at the time, for which no payment will be made. Cutting airholes through packs 3 yards wide, 4s. each. Cutting holes through narrow packs to be paid in proportion. Taking side off on end. from 3 to 18 inches, 9d. per yard. Taking side off on end, from 18 inches to 3 feet, Is. 6d. per yard. Taking side off on bord, from 3 to 18 inches, Is. per yard. Taking side off on bord, from 18 inches to 3 feet, 2s. per yard. Driving ends, 9 feet wide, loose on one side, 3s. 6d. per yard. Driving bords, 9 feet wide, loose on one side. 2s. 6d. per yard. Cutting pillars up to 6 feet thick, 3s. per yard. Cutting pillars above 2 yards and up to 16 yards, 4s. per yard. Getting best coal in banks, bord and pillar work, including wooding, 13s. 3d. per score of 10 tons. Cutting in banks, in bord and pillar work, 2s. 3d. per yard; pulling old packs, in bord and pillar work, 6d. per yard. Repairing old packs, in bord and pillar work, Is. per yard* Shiftwork in banks, in bord and pillar work, 9d. per score of 10 tons. 6 COAL MINING. A West Yorkshire Colliery. s. d. TONNAGE PIECE RATES FOB GETTING COAL : Coal getting, riddled in stalls, end on, broken or bord on (the latter only when ordered), by holing in the soft clunch, or bannocking in the top stone per ton 2 Coal getting riddled in straightwork places 2 Smudge ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 Gates 33 yards from centre to centre, dip side, one-third ; rise side, two-thirds. YARDAGE PIECE RATES : Cutting in straightwork per yard 2 3 Rock ripping Gates 12 feet by 3 feet thick 12 10 ,. 3 10 10 2 68 m 10 li 5 Bind ripping Gates 12 feet by 3 feet thick , 90 10 3 80 ., 10 2 5 4 10 14 4 Ripping, by wedging when ordered an additional price is paid, canch not to exceed two feet thick ... ... ... ... ... yard 2 If ripping falls over the specified thickness, to be paid for pro rata with ripping prices. Taking flamper down in straightwork. first time in stalls, and packing it at the side yard 1 If trammed away 1 ALLOWANCES FOR EXTRA WORK : Throwing new gates in, 10 feet wide (places to be made clear for other men to start in) 10 Throwing new gates in, 8 feet wide (places to be made clear for other men to start in ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 7 6 Cheaking per yard 1 Dinting, 9 feet wide and 1 foot thick, in gate road ... ,, 13 Tramming and gobbing the same 13 Packing gates without ripping, and building stones found for them where necessary per yard 1 Packing single wall air roads (5 feet between pack and coal) without ripping, and stones found for them where necessary... per yard 1 Re-packing when crushed down by pressure ... ... 10 When banks are fallen in with goaf pressure, if necessary, straight- work to be driven to win out sufficient bord piece to open out again, but not to exceed three yards of bord coal per yard 2 3 Setting bars in gate roads 1 Filling water by colliers water tub 3 Dinting tub road along the stall face to be done as hitherto ; but when the seam is reduced to 3 feet 4 inches and under, it is to be paid by yardage instead of by allowance, at the rate of one half- penny per inch in thickness. Dinting second time in stall faces, 6 inches to 8 inches thick and 3 feet wide, when the coal is above 3 feet 4 inches in thickness, per yard 3 Tramming and gobbing pack, ripping muck from lip, 1 foot thick and 8 feet wide per yard 1 4 Filling dirt (pony found where necessary) distance not to exceed 40 yards per tub Emptying and gobbing dirt (if sufficient height) ... ,, 04 Faulty coal to be paid for two-thirds coal and one-third smudge, or two tubs coal and one smudge when ordered. Places containing water : Small coal to be filled with the shovel. Large coal hand-picked. SPECIMEN PIECE RATE LISTS. 7 A Derbyshire Colliery. s. d. TONNAGE PIECE BATES FOB GETTING COAL : Coal getting, per ton of 20 cwts. ... 2 Batts 1 Smudge, slack, and floor coal... ... ... ... 5 The foregoing prices include the ripping taken 3 ft. thick and 9 ft. wide,* but where stalls are less than 30 yards long, the contractor shall be paid at half ripping rate, and when the stall is under 20 yards long the whole of the ripping to be paid for at per yard ... ... 5 YARDAGE PIECE BATES : Coal heading end per yard 5 Coal heading face 46 Side loose heading, when necessary, by no fault of the workmen ... ... ... ... ... 26 Bipping in levels 3 ft. thick 50 Airway packing, when both sides are packed ... ... 16 Airway ripping, 1 ft. 6 in. thick 16 ALLOWANCES FOR EXTRA WORK : Cutting, when two fast ends ... ... ... ... ... per yard 2 Sets of couples, in gate ... ... ... ... ... per set 1 6 Clog packs, at junctions each 10 Clog packs in airways ... ... ... ... ... ... ., 5 Allowances, where necessary, shall be made beyond the above prices in oa^es of difficulty, such as faults, bad roof, bad coal, &c., &c., but not to receive any of the percentage (see page 10). A Nottingham Colliery. s. d. 1. Coal getting per ton 1 7 2. Slack ., 10 3. Setting out new gates 14 4. When two gates are crossing ... ... ... 15 6 5. Getting down and cleaning away clunch (see note) and comb coal in new end gates for the first 10 yards ... per yard (i. Ditto in cross and main gates but gobbed ... ... ... .. 7. Packing airways and old gates both sides 4 ft. ins. wide ., 8. Ditto one side 4 ft. (i ins. wide ... ... ... ... ,. 1). Setting wood bars under and 9 ft each steel 9ft 10. Setting wood bars over 9 ft. ... ... .. ... ., steel 9ft. 11. Men brought out of stalls to work on main roads to be paid same rate as when working in stall. 12. Stripping faults or cutting fast end to lines if required going straight ... ... ... ... ... ... per yard 2 13. Fast ends when going off ,. 26 14. For water or bad roof occurring in any .stall and men cannot get a day's wage reasonable allowance to be made, and failing, an agreement to make up- a day's wage. * The following are the terms of the ripping agreement : 1. Stallmen shall make their gates not less than nine feet wide and at least three feet higher than the total thickness of coal, that is to sav, whatever thickness is taken out of .the floor by order of the company, the same shall be counted as ripping and as part of the above-named three feet. 2. If a parting does not occur in the roof which would measure the three feet above named, the ripping shall be done to anv parting found at a greater height, not exceeding 3ft. 3 ins., without extra payment. And, on the other hand, if a parting does not exist up to a height not exceeding 3 ft. 3 ins., and one is found at a line which if ripped to would give a total thickness of roof ripped down or a total thickness of floor taken up and roof ripped down, as the case may be, amounting to not less than 2 it. 9 ins., the company shall accept that thickness in place of 3 ft. 3. If any additional thickness of ripping is required to be done by the colliery company in the gates, the same shall be paid for at the rate of twopence per inch per yard of advance of gate. NOTE. Clunch is a bed of fireclay occurring under a coal seam. 8 COAL MINING. A Nottingham Colliery (continued). s. d 15. Loose side heading when stalls come in through no fault of stallmen per yard 3 6 16. Coal heading by contract. 17. Ripping and packing gate with 20 yards of benk face and under ,. 20 18. If there is no work for a man in the pit he shall be allowed to come up. 19. House coal to be allowed to every householder work- ing in the pit one load every 24 shifts in winter, and one load every 30 shifts in summer, the cost of drawing only being charged. 20 k Filling water per barrel 3 21. Where wood packs are ordered to be built per pack 3 22. Clunch reaching an average thickness of two feet, one penny per ton extra to be paid, and one halfpenny per ton extra for each additional three inches, measure- ments to be taken at the gate end and centre of each benk. 23. Bind ripping in main and cross gates, 3d. per square foot per yard. 24. Ripping bind in bye gates 5 feet wide and one foot thick ... per yard 2 3 25. The above to be basis prices and to be subject to 3/2 per cent, added and to any other advance or re- duction that may take place generally in the district. 26. That 5 per cent, be added to the coal-getting price of Is. 7d., which is not to be affected by any advances or reductions which may take place in the district. A South Wales Colliery (for Four Feet Seam). TONNAGE PIECE RATES FOB GETTING COAL : Cutting large coal per ton 1 2 Ironstone ... .. ... ... ... ... ... 10 YARDAGE PIECE RATES : Headings (completed 6 feet in height, coal being 5 feet 3 inches) ... per yard 3 11 Heading prices to be paid for stall roads, from which two roads have been turned, but this not to include roads turned which are not actually working, or roads which have been turned to regain stalls which have been stopped through any fall or other cause. Head- ing price to be paid from the first cross, provided the stall road is driven at least the same size as the usual headings in the district, not less than 12 feet wide. Headings, double shift ... ... ... ... ... > 10 Working three in heading 10 Headings, treble shift 30 ALLOWANCES FOR EXTRA WORK : Working night shift in stall -per ton 2- If requested to work three in stalls 02 Allowance for clearing and gobbing clod over whole width of working place : From to 3 inches ... ... ... ... ... From 3 to 6 inches inclusive 01 From 6 to 8 do. 1$ From 8 to 10 do. 02 From 10 to 12 do. 2J From 12 to 14 do. 03 From 14 to 16 do. , 3J From 16 to 18 do. 04 When clod is above 18 inches the extra to be dealt with by consideration. SPECIMEN PIECE RATE LISTS. A South Wales Colliery (continued). s. d. Airways per yard 2 Timbers, 9 feet per pair 1 6 Timbers. 6 feet arms, 1) feet collars 13 Timbers, 6 feet ., 1 Timbers, flats 1 Cogs ... each 1 3 Cogs if eight feet in height or over 2 Cutting for cogs through bottom coal ... , 04 Props in... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4 1 10 yard 1 2 9 Props out Turning stalls ... Single rib per Double rib ... ... Cutting bottom coal and rashings between coals Ripping top in headings and stalls, 5 feet wide ... Ripping top in headings and stalls, 4 feet wide ... Cutting bottom in headings and stalls, 5 feet wide Cutting bottom in headings and stalls, 4 feet wide per inch 1 Unloading rubbish ... ... ... ... per tram 4 A South Wales Colliery (for Lower Seven Feet Seam). s. d. TONNAGE PIECE RATES FOR GETTING COAL : Cutting and filling large coal ... ... ... ... per ton 1 6 YARDAGE PIECE HATES : Narrow headings, single turn ... ... ... ... per yard 3 9 double turn 4 6 three turns per man above 406 Wide headings, cutting faces ... ... ... ... per yard 2 5 ., double turn ... ... ... ... ... 09 Level single turn 16 Note. All headings to be not less titan $feet wide. ALLOWANCES FOR EXTRA WORK : Allowance for clearing the small band of stone running through the coal per ton 1 Double timber, 6 feet in stall or heading per pair 1 2 , ,. 9 feet arms, 6 feet collar. ... ... ,, 16 ,, 6 feet arms, 9 feet collar ... ... ... ] > 9 feet arms, 9 feet collar 18 Flats ,, i o Setting cogs each 1 l\ Cutting cogs ., o ?J Setting road posts 02 Drawing posts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Q \ Ripping arid gobbing top, 6. feet wide in roads ... per inch per yard \\ Turning stalls each 3 \\ Walling waste per yard 4 Airways in solid 18 Cutting rib Heading through gob 9 7 8 Unloading rubbish per tram Shifting rubbish ... ... Double turn on coal in headings and stalls These prices are standard rates and subject to advances and reductions according to the sliding scale agreement. 10 COAL MINING. The following example of the Pay Ticket in use at a South Yorkshire colliery, filled in for a particular week in 1890, will serve to illustrate the system adopted in calculating the weekly amounts due under these lists : Coals .. Glasses Sharpening Shafts .. Oil Rent s. d. 008 002 016 Scores. 1 Corves. 12 7 Fotal Deduct Percentair Ba Yards. 2 a (see belo lance Bate. 3s. 15s. 9s. 6d. 5s. 3d. .. w) s. d. 060 140 1 11 I 10 ~Tl3~~9~ 024 1 11 5 13 6 Permanent Fund . . 024 2 4 11 The piece-lists, of which the foregoing are specimens, are all strictly local, but percentage changes on the prices given therein are usually made simultaneously and uniformly over large districts, the general method of arrangement being by a permanent Conciliation or Wages Board. Such Boards at present regulate wages in Northumberland, Durham, the Federated Districts (Lancashire, Yorkshire, Midlands, &c.), South Staffordshire and East Worcestershire, and Scotland. In South Wales, wages are regulated by a sliding scale. Whatever be the process by which a percentage rise or fall in wages is arranged in a particular district, the percentage is usually calculated not on existing rates, but on the rates actually paid in a particular year (usually 1879 or 1888) at the various collieries, i.e., on the piece prices in the various colliery lists for that year. These rates form the " standard " on which, as a rule, all changes are calculated. As regards districts in which general changes of wages are brought about by mutual negotiations, either directly or through the medium of a wages board, there is no need to go into further details. It is, however, desirable to give fuller particulars with regard to the operation of the South Wales sliding scale, which is the only example of this method of determining changes in rates of coal miners wages now in operation in the United Kingdom. The South. Wales Sliding Scale. Changes in the wages of miners in South Wales and Monmouth are regulated by a " sliding scaleu" Up to the present time five such scales haive been in existence, dated 1875, 1880, 1882, 1890, and 1892 respectively, and there have been also certain modifications introduced by mutual consent at intermediate periods (e.g., 1887 and 1893). In J898 the operation of the sliding scale was interrupted for several months by a dispute (see p. 15). It will be sufficient for the present purpose to describe the opera- tion of the scale of 1892, which is now in operation. The scale was agreed to on January 1, 1892, by representatives of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Coal Owners' Association, THE SOUTH WALES SLIDING SCALE. 11 and delegates authorised to act on behalf of the workmen (except enginemen, stokers, and outside fitters) employed at the collieries of members of the owners' association. The scale applies to the wages of all classes of persons employed at the collieries, but in practice the wages of enginemen, stokers, and outside fitters (who were not represented by the delegates referred to above) are not altered until one month after those of the other classes. The constitution of the joint committee and the general modus operandi of the scale are described in detail in the various clauses of the agreement given below. The principle of the scale may be thus described. Wages are based on the " standard " of the rates actually paid at the various collieries included in the agreement in December 1879, with a per- centage increase or decrease depending on changes in the selling price of coal. As a general rule these percentage additions are calculated upon the gross earnings (including allowances for extra work) of the workers, but in some instances the allowances for extra work are exempt from variations justified by the scale. For the purpose of the calculation the average nett selling price of large colliery screened coal, delivered free on board at Cardiff, Newport, Swansea, and Barry, is ascertained at intervals of two months by two accountants appointed by the employers and employed respectively. Under the 1892 scale, coal produced from anthracite collieries was excluded from the audit (pee section 15). This, how- ever, was altered in 1893, the accountants being directed to take into account this class of coal in future. It is assumed under the scale that the average selling price corres- ponding to the standard rate of wages was 7s. lOJd. and under 8s. per ton. For every change of price of 1 -7 Id. per ton wages under- go a change of 1J per cent, on the standard. l*71d appears to have been chosen as being as n^ar as possible the " mean " between 2d. (under the scale of 1882) and IJd. (under the scale of 1890). The rates actually paid to hewers at the various collieries are piece rates calculated on the weight of coal extracted. And it should be understood that the Sliding Scale only determines the percentage changes to be made in these tonnage rates, and not the actual piece prices in force in each colliery. Workmen, as a rule, are paid fortnightly. In calculating the payment due according to the above method, no account is taken of the small coal which is necessarily produced in getting the large coal, and passes through the screen. The weight of this, after screening, is deducted from the gross weight of coal in the tram to ascertain the " nett weight " of the large screened coal. As an example of the working of the scale, suppose that at a particular colliery the piece rate per ton in 1879 was such as to yield an average daily wage for hewers of (say) 4s. a day. At a particular audit it is found that the average nett selling price of coal per ton " free on board " is 9s. 9 54d. By a reference to the scale on p. 14, it will be found that when the price lies between 9s. 8'57d. and 9s. 10 - 29d. wages are to be 16J per cent, above the standard. Now 16J per cent, on 4s. is -1625 x 48d. = 7d. (nearly). Wages will therefore be 4s. 7Jd. per day. 12 COAL MINING. The following is the full text of the 1892 agreement: SLIDING SCALE, 1892. MEMORANDUM of AGREEMENT made this 1st day of January, 1892, between the undersigned W. Thomas Lewis, Edward Jones, Edward P. Martin, Edward Davies, Fred L. Davis, William Thomas, T. Forster Brown, A. G. Ogilvie, and James Colquhoun, and the other persons who shall execute this Agreement, duly authorised to act on behalf of the Members of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Coal Owners' Association, herein-after called the Employers, not exceeding eleven persons in all, of the one part, and the undersigned William Abraham, David Morgan, Isaac Evans, Morgan Weeks, Thomas Isaac, Daniel Jones, Thomas Davies, Thomas Richards, Alfred Onions, David Beynon, and John B. Jones, duly authorised to act on behalf of the Workmen (excepting Enginemen, Stokers, and Outside Fitters) em- ployed at the Collieries of the Members of the said Association, of the other part. 1. The said parties hereto are herein-after styled the Joint Committee, and the said Committee shall be kept on foot by the employers and workmen. 2. The Joint Committee shall have two secretaries; one appointed by the employers, and the other by the workmen. 3. The number of members on the Joint Committee shall not exceed 22 representatives, exclusive of the two secretaries, 11 acting on behalf of the employers, and 11 acting on behalf of the workmen. 4. The Joint Committee agree upon the following conditions to regulate the rates of wages to be paid to the said workmen at the said collieries as and from the 1st day of January 1892. 5. This Agreement shall comprise and apply to the whole of the members of the said association excepting as provided under Clause 15. 6. The wages shall be regulated by a sliding scale based upon the average nett selling price of coal as ascertained, and from time to time certified by the accountants. 7. The average nett selling price shall be taken as for large colliery screened coal delivered free on board at Cardiff, Newport, Swansea, and Barry. 8. For coal sold into waggons or otherwise at the collieries, the cost of transit to the ordinary port of shipment shall be added in calculating the average nett selling price, workmen^ coal to be excluded. 9. The standard of wages upon which future advances and reductions are to be made shall be the several rates actually paid at the respective collieries for the month of December 1879, and such wages shall be equivalent to a standard average nett selling price of 7s. lO^d. and under 8s. per ton. Provided that at the collieries where the standard or basis upon which wages are now regulated is the rate of wages paid in the year 1877, that shall continue to be the standard for those collieries. 9A. It is hereby agreed with respeot to all collieries or portions of collieries now belonging to or herein-after acquired or opened by the members of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Coal Owners' Asso- ciation that, both the employers and the workmen shall be bound to observe and fulfil all customs, provisions, and conditions existing in December 1879 at the associated collieries, and no variation shall be made therein either by employers or workmen, except by mutual agree- ment between the employers and their workmen or between their respective representatives . 10. The wages shall be advanced or reduced at the end of each period of two months by additions or reductions of 1 per cent, upon the mean monetary result found by the joint auditors as between the scale dated 6th June 1882 and the scale dated 15th January 1890. 11. There shall be no maximum or minimum in the scale of wages under this agreement. 12. Two accountants shall be appointed, one by the employers and the other by the workmen, to ascertain the average nett selling 1 price of coal, such average nett price for the Two months ending the last day of February shall govern wages from the 1st day of April to the last day of May, and so on for every successive two months. THE SOUTH WALES SLIDING SCALE. 13 13. The accountants shall give a certificate of the nett average selling price for each of the above periods of two months, such certificate to be forwarded to the joint secretaries, and afterwards upon the authority of the Joint Committee, to be made known to the employers and workmen. 14. Any contract for the sale of coal for a period of more than 12 months shall not be taken into account for more than six successive audits of two months each. 15. The accountants shall not take into account in the audits any coal produced from the anthracite collieries. 16. The Joint Committee shall meet at least once in each month. 17. Both parties to this agreement pledge their respective constituents to make every effort possible to avoid claims or disputes at the collieries, and that in case of any unavoidable differences, the owners and their officers together with their workmen shall endeavour to settle all matters at the collieries, and only in case of failing to effect a settlement shall an appeal be made to the Joint Committee. It is also hereby agreed that in such cases no notice to terminate contracts shall be given by either employers or their workmen, before the particular question in dispute shall have been considered by the Joint Committee, and they shall have failed to arrive at an agreement. 18. That at the collieries under this agreement all wages due to the workmen shall be paid once in each fortnight, provided that at those collieries where wages are now paid weekly such practice shall continue in force. 19. The wages payable for the month of January 1892 shall be 46 J per cent, above the standard of December 1879. An audit for the period 1st October to 31st December 1891 shall be taken to govern wages under this Agreement for the two months commencing 1st February 1892. 20. The mineral to be gotten is clean large screened coal only as herein- after described : The cutting price to be paid colliers includes all services in respect of the small coal necessarily produced in getting the large coal, in con- veying it from the working places to the screen at the surface, and in the process of screening, that price being equal to the value of all the services involved in getting such large and small coal in compliance with the provisions of the Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1887, and being more than the value of the services rendered in respect of the large screened coal only. The weight of the large screened coal for the purpose of paying the colliers shall be ascertained as follows : After each tram is brought to the surface it shall be weighed at the weighing machine and then tipped over the screen in use at the col- liery to separate the large coal passing over it from the small coal passing through it, the tare being deducted from its gross weight. The small coal which has passed through the screen shall be weighed and that weight shall be deducted from the gross weight of the coal in the tram to ascertain the nett weight of the large screened coal and upon the nett weight of such large screened coal the wages shall be paid which shall cover all the services rendered by the colliers in respect of the large coal and the small coal as weighed together at the machine. 20A. It is distinctly understood that clause 20 in this agreement is not intended to change the system of weighing, screening, and paying for the coal as heretofore, except by mutual arrangement. 21. This agreement shall continue in force for six months from the 1st January 1892, and thenceforth until either party gives six months' notice of termination, such notice to be given on the 1st day of July 1892, or on the first day of any succeeding January or July. 22. A copy of this agreement is to be placed in a contract book at each colliery of the members of the Monmouthshire and South Wales Coal Owners' Association, which shall be signed by or on behalf of the owners of such colliery, and also by each workman employed at such colliery as one of the terms of the engagement between the employers and the said workmen. 23. It is hereby agreed that all notices to terminate contracts on the part of the employers as well as employed shall be given only on the first day of any calendar month, and to terminate upon the last day of the same month. Dated this 1st day of January, 1892. 14 COAL MINING. The following is the text of the Supplementary Memorandum agreed to on February 17, 1893: 1. It is hereby agreed that the notice given on behalf of the workmen on the 1st of July 1892 to terminate the memorandum of agreement of the 1st of January 1892 on the 31st of December 1892 is hereby with- drawn, and the said agreement of the 1st of January 1892 shall continue in force and regulate the wages of the workmen as and from the 1st day of January 1893. 2. It is also agreed that the notices given by the employers and posted up at the associated collieries on the 1st of February 1893 to terminate contracts between the employers and workmen on the 28th of February 1893 are hereby withdrawn. 3. It is hereby further agreed that notwithstanding clauses 5 and 15 respectively of the agreement of the 1st of January 1892, the large colliery screened coal produced from the anthracite collieries in the Monmouth- shire and South Wales Coal Owners' Association, and shipped at Llanelly or other South Wales ports or sold into waggons as per clause 8 of the same agreement, shall henceforth be taken into account in the audits and included with the coals from other collieries in obtaining the average nett selling price, and this agreement as well as the whole of the other provisions in the agreement of the 1st of January 1892, shall apply to the workmen employed at the said anthracite collieries. 4. The wages payable for the month of March 1893 shall be 20 per cent, above the standard of December 1879. An audit for the period 1st of January 1893 to the 28th of February 1893 shall be taken to govern wages under this agreement for the two months commencing 1st of April 1893, and thenceforth the audits shall continue to be made as under clause 12 of the agreement dated 1st of January 1892. 5. This agreement shall continue in force until the 30th of September 1894, and thenceforth until either party gives six months' notice of termination, such notice to be given on the 1st day of April 1894 or on the 1st day of any succeeding October or April respectively. Dated this 17th day of February 1893. The actual scale of 1892 is as follows: Wages Wages to be at to be at the the When the average Nett Selling Price of Coal per Ton, f.o.b. follow iner per- centage When the average Nett Selling Price of Coal per Ton, f.o.b. following per- centage above the above the Standard. Standard. | is and under is and under s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 7 10-25 8 O'OO Standard. 11 O'OO 11 1-71 m 8 O'OO 8 1-71 U 11 1-71 11 3-43 28| 8 1'71 8 3-43 4 11 3-43 11 5-14 30 8 3-43 8 5-14 3! 11 5-14 11 6-86 nj 8 514 8 6'86 5 11 6'86 11 8*57 32! 8 6'86 8 8'57 6 * 11 8-57 11 10-29 33| 8 8-57 8 10-29 7 i 11 10*29 12 0-00 35 8 10-29 9 O'OO 81 12 O'OO 12 1-71 36J 9 0-00 9 1T1 10 12 1-71 12 3-43 37* 9 171 9 3-43 Hi 12 3-43 12 5-14 38* 9 3-43 9 5-14 12A 12 5-14 12 6-86 40 4 9 5-14 9 6-86 9 8-57 9 6-86 9 8-57 9 10-29 15 4 I6i 12 6-86 12 8-57 12 10-29 12 8-57 12 10-29 13 0-00 4H 424 43| 9 10-29 10 O'OO 17* 13 O'OO 13 1-71 45 10 O'OO 10 1-71 18f 13 1-71 13 3-43 46^ 10 1-71 10 3-43 20 13 3-43 13 5-14 47J 10 3-43 10 5-14 2H 13 5-14 13 686 48f 10 514 i 10 6'86 22* 13 6-86 13 8-57 50 10 6-86 10 8-57 23| 13 8*57 13 10-29 511 10 8-57 10 10-29 25 13 10-29 14 O'OO 52| 10 10-29 11 0-00 26J THE SOUTH WALES SLIDING SCALE. 15 This scale regulated wages in the coal trade of South Wales without serious interruption until 1898. In October of the previous year the miners had given the six months' notice of change required by the agreement. The notice ran out without the parties being able to agree, and a stoppage of five months' duration resulted. (See Report on Strikes and Lock-outs in 1898 (C. 9437. 1899), pp. xlv.-li). At the termination of the dispute it was agreed that : " 2. The terms and conditions of the sliding-scale agreement (known as the ' old scale '), which terminated upon the 31st March last, shall, together with Clause 3 of the agreement of the 17th of February, 1893, be embodied in an agreement which shall continue in force until the 1st day of January, 1903, and may be determined by six months' notice on either side, to be given on the 1st of July, 1902, the 1st of January, 1903, or any other following 1st of July or 1st of January. "4. The wages payable up to the 30th of November, 1893, shall be V7\ per cent, above the standard of December, 1879. " 5. An audit of the selling prices shall be taken for the two months ending the 31st of October, 1898, to regulate wages as from the 1st of December, 1898, in accordance with Clause 12 of the 1892 agreement. " 6. If, after the 1st day of September, 1899, the employers, by virtue of this agreement, reduce the wages of the workmen below 12 per cent, above the standard of December, 1879, the workmen shall have the right of giving six months' notice to terminate this agreement on the 1st day of any January or July next ensuing, notwithstanding Clause 2 of this agreement/' Practically, therefore, the scale remained as before. The following statement shows the wage changes which have taken place under the scale of 1892 up to the end of 1899 : Year. 1892 1893 189 1899 Percentage change in wages which took effect at each of the following dates. Increase (+) Decrease ( - ) Percentage by which wages were above standard at end of year. f 2U 124 10 U| 20 30 Feh. 1st. -2A - 2|* :ii ;a Apr. 1st. I 93 +Ti + 3| June 1st. + U Aug. 1st. Oct. 1st. Dec. 1st. + *I +8 -5 :1 -if 5t + 3| - 6 i -1 til * From 1st March. t From 1st September. Fifeshire. Attempts have at various times been made to establish a sliding scale for the regulation of miners' wages in Fifeshire, but without success. As between the Earl of Rosslyn and his miners in Fifeshire, however, an agreement establishing a sliding scale was signed, as taking effect from August 1st, 1895, This scale is not now in If) COAL MINING. operation, having been terminated in September, 1898, .after due notice by the miners, but the form and history of the agreement present certain points of interest, which render its presentation desirable. The agree- ment was as follows : - MINUTE of AGREEMENT between the Right Honourable the EARL of ROSSLYN and the FIFE and KINROSS MINERS' ASSOCIATION. With the view of avoiding strikes of the workmen at Lord Rosslyn'a collieries, it is agreed that the following rates shall regulate the wages of underground workers at the said collieries, which include all the collieries belonging to or leased by his Lordship : First. The minimum wages shall be those at present payable at the above collieries for hewing and shift work, viz.: those payable under the rates of the year 1888, with 12 per cent, added. Wages shall never fall below this minimum. Second. Subject to the above rule as to a minimum wage, it is agreed that the rate of wages shall be regulated by a sliding scale, which shall start with the rate current in the year 1888 as a basis; and the rise and fall of wages above that rate shall be 12 per cent, of that rate for every shilling by which the realised price of steam coal, delivered free on board, from Lord Rosslyn's collieries at Dysart, Burntisland, Methil, and Charlestown Docks, shall vary over 5s. 6d. per ton of 20 cwt. Thus, when the realised f. o. b. price is 6s. 6d. per ton, wages will be the 1888 rates plus 12^ per cent.; when the realised f. o. b. price is 7s. 6d. rr ton, wages will be the 1888 rates plus 25 per cent. ; when the realised o. b. price is 8s. 6d. per ton, wages will be the 1888 rates plus 37 per cent. ; and so on advances and reductions to be made to the nearest 1 per cent, shown by the accountants 5 ascertainments after-mentioned. Third. A joint accountant or two accountants one to be chosen by each party shall be appointed to ascertain the realised free on board price in the usual way; but he or they shall not be permitted to give any information other than the actual realised price before specified. These ascertainments shall be made four times each year, and embrace periods terminating on the last days of the months of July, October, January, and April, and the change, if any, as a result of these ascertainments, shall commence on the first pay-day after the beginning of September, December, March, and June. Fourth. This arrangement shall continue until terminated by three .months' written notice given by either party to the other, after the expiration of which three months both parties shall be free. This notice only to apply to the workmen collectively in reference to the scale, and does not interfere with the 14 days' notice in the present conditions of employment. Fifth. In case of any difference of opinion arising as to the interpreta- tion of this agreement, the parties hereby agree to refer the same to the final judgment of Sheriff Mackay, whose determination shall be final and binding on both parties. Sixth. This agreement shall be held to commence and take effect as from 1st August, 1895. As will be seen, this list provided for a minimum rate below which wages should not fall, and the appointment of an umpire to decide as to disputes arising out of the agreement. The scale was in operation for three years an advance of 1\ per cent., taking effect in June and another of 4 per cent, in July and one of 1 per cent, in August, 1898. But this was the period of the Welsh dispute, and there was a greatly increased demand for coal from other districts caused by the stoppage. The wages of miners went up in consequence. In West Scotland and in Fife and Clackmannan wages had advanced 25 per cent., and in Mid and East Lothians 20 per cent., while the Rosslyn miners had only IRON ORE MINING, AND LIMESTONE QUARRYING. 17 their 12J per cent, under the scale. The necessary three months' notice to terminate the scale was given, and on its expiration wages were raised 12J per cent., which placed them 37J per cent, above the standard of 1888. IRON ORE MINING, AND LIMESTONE QUARRYING. On p. 26 of this report a short account is given of the principle upon which the sliding scale in operation as between the Barrow Haematite Steel Company and their steel workers is based. The same employers have also sliding scales mutually agreed to between themselves and the workmen engaged in their iron mines and limestone quarries. The agreement and scale regulating the rates per ton of limestone to be paid to quarrymen according to the price of pig iron is very comprehensive, and may be quoted in full : Staintoii Quarries. Agreement entered into the llth day of August, 1892, between William Kellet. on behalf of the Barrow Hematite Steel Company, Limited, and George Robinson, William Thompson, James Wright, Jos. Shaw, and William Picthall on behalf of and representing the workmen employed in the getting of limestone by the said company at their Stainton Quarries. This agreement shall continue in force from July 23rd. 1892, until it be determined by either party giving to the other, after the 31st of March, 1893, three calendar months' notice in writing. The men shall get the limestone and break it into such lumps as they have been accustomed to do, and shall load it free from dirt into wagons. They shall also remove all rubbish and keep the face of the quarries free from dirt, and work the quarries in a proper and workmanlike manner, as directed by the company's foreman. The men shall get such quantities of stone during the progress of this contract as the company may require, if such required quantity can be produced in the ordinary way of working the quarries, and each company shall consist of such a number of men as may be necessary to produce such quantity. The men shall be paid per ton of stone for the above work as set forth in the Sliding Scale hereto annexed, and which it is intended shall form part of the contract: When the nett average selling price of Pig Iron delivered by the B. H. S. Co., Ltd., into trucks at Barrow, as shown by the Company's books, There shall be paid the rates given below for getttag and loading the Limestone. into wagon-. s. d. s. d. Reaches 40 but does not reach 41 3 41 3 42 6 43 9 42 6 43 i) 45 45 46 3 d. 8-60 per ton. 8-73 8-86 8-99 9-12 18 MINING AND QUARRYING. When the nett average selling price of delivered by the B. H. S. Co., Ltd., into trucks at as shown by the Company's books, Pig Iron Barrow, There shall be paid ihe rates given below for getting and loading the Limestone into wagons. S. d. s. d. d. Reaches 46 3 but does not reach 47 6 9-25 per ton. 55 47 6 55 48 9 9-38 55 55 48 9 55 50 9-51 55 55 50 n 51 3 9-64 55 55 51 3 55 52 6 9-77 55 52 6 55 53 9 9-90 55 55 53 9 55 55 10-03 55 n 55 55 56 3 10'16 55 55 56 3 )5 57 6 10-29 55 5 57 6 5> 58 9 10-42 55 H 58 9 5 60 10-55 55 5} 60 5) 61 3 10-68 55 55 61 3 55 62 6 10-81 55 )) 62 6 )) 63 9 10-94 55 5} 63 9 55 65 11-07 55 J) 65 55 66 3 11-20 55 )) 66 3 55 67 6 11-33 55 55 67 6 55 68 9 11-46 55 n 68 9 55 70 11-59 55 55 70 5) 71 3 11-72 55 55 71 3 55 72 6 11-85 55 55 72 6 55 73 9 11-98 55 ( 55 73 9 55 75 1211 55 55 75 55 76 3 12-24 55 55 76 3 55 77 6 12-37 55 55 77 6 55 78 9 12-50 55 55 78 9 55 80 12-63 55 55 80 55 81 3 12-76 II The average selling price of pig-iron for the previous three months shall be taken as the basis for the tonnage rate for the next following three months and so on until the end of the contract. If in the opinion of the manager of the company it should be found in the working of any part of the quarries that special difficulties have arisen which should reasonably be met by an extra payment, then an allowance beyond the price per ton as shown in the Sliding Scale shall be made to the men, and such allowance may from time to time be varied according to the altered circumstances of the case or dispensed with altogether. The Furness Railway Company weight shall be the weight on which the men shall be paid, but any and every wagon containing more weight of stone than the wagon is registered to carry shall be regarded as overweight, and the men shall not be paid for such overweight. The company will provide the men with all necessary explosives for the getting of the stone, and the men agree that such sums of money as the explosives supplied to them by the company amount to (to be calculated at the following prices) shall be deducted from their account: Powder 30s. per barrel. Single tape fuse 5d. per coil of 24 feet. 7d. Dynamite 2] d. per cartridge. Detonators 3d. for 10. The same conditions as to tool sharpening, and under which the men have worked up to the present time, shall continue. The ordinary working day shall, except under special circumstances, be from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., except on Saturdays, when no man shall leave his work before 12 noon, and should it be necessary in the judgment of the company's foreman for the men to remain after 12 o'clock to load certain wagons the men shall remain and do the necessary work. SETT-MAKING. 19 Any man refusing or neglecting to comply with the above condition* shall forthwith leave the company's service, and shall have no further interest in this contract from the time of his dismissal. Should any dispute arise as to the carrying out of this arrangement or any part thereof, the question in difference shall be submitted to the decision of two representatives of the men, and the manager, and in case they cannot agree to an umpire to be appointed in the usual way. Signed, &c.,. Iron Miners at Dalton-in-Furness. In respect to the iron ore miners of the same company, it is un- necessary to give the full text of the agreement, which in point of principle resembles the one above quoted. The sliding scale which forms part of the agreement provides : That when the nett average selling price of pig iron delivered by the company into trucks at Barrow, as shown by the company's books, reaches 40s., but does not reach 41s. 3d., the basis of the letting shall be that the miners can earn upon the average 4s. 2d. per day. The scale carries the rates per ton to 83s. 9d., and the earnings per day to 7s., the ratio of increase in wages being Id. per day for every increase of Is. 3d. per ton in the selling price of pig iron. The following table shows the wages of the miners paid under this scale at the end of each year : Rate of wag f es per week Rate of wajres per week Year. paid at the end of Year. paid at the end of each year. each year. 8. d. s. d. 1890 31 1895 26 1891 29 6 1896 28 1892 28 6 1897 28 1893 26 6 1898 28 6 1894 26 1899 33 Under the quarrymen's lists 77 men, and under the miners' list 542 men, have their wages regulated. SETT-MAKING. Agreements relating to piece prices in this industry are arranged periodically between the individual employers and the Settmakers' Union on behalf of the employees of each firm and, as all these agreements are of a similar character, both as regards prices and duration of time, the one given below will serve to illustrate the whole system. The agreements usually cover a period of 12 months, the one quoted relating to the 12 months from 4th April 1898 to 4th April 1899. It will be noticed that the prices per ton for setts increase as the size of the setts diminishes, the time occupied in making a ton of the 30321 B 2 20 SETT-MAKING. smaller sizes (i.e., down to cubes in the list given below and including nidged setts) being, of necessity, more than that required for the larger sizes. Agreement entered into by the undersigned Firm of Quarrying Contractors and the Settmakers' Union, Kilsyth (Branch No. 7), this 1th day of April, 1898, con- tinuing till 4th April, 1899. I. We, the undersigned, agree to pay to the Settmakers and Kerbdressers in our employment the un demoted prices on the several sizes of Square-Dressed Setts, Kerb, Borders, &c., quoted, the undermentioned rates, for the period beginning on 4th April, 1898, and terminating- on 4th April, 1899, and that either party desiring a change in the prices when term of agreement ends should give One Month's Notice to the other of their intention to raise the question of Advance or Reduction (the month's notice of change to precede the expiry of existing Agreement). II. We agree to pay 6d. per ton extra on all Oblong Setts, restricted to 10 inches in length; 11 inches, 4d. ; 12 inches, 2d. ; under 10 inches, 3d. per inch extra. III. We further agree to recognise, in the case of Oblong Setts, that what is meant by a proportionate or relative price is Is. to the inch in thickness. 6d. in depth. We agree to pay on Borders limited in length to not less than 2 feet long d. per yard extra. LIST OF PRICES AND PAYMENTS. Setts Classification. Price. Kerb and Channelling Classification. Price. s. d. s. d. Per Ton. Per Foot. 4 to 4* by 7 5 6 Edge Kerb 5 4 to 4 by 6 6 12-inch Channel.. 6 3A to 4 by 7 6 City Kerb 8 3| to 4 by 6 6 6 15-inch Hollow Channel 10 Cubes 4 inches . . 4 to 4i by 5 Nidgers 4 to 4i by 7 8 6 6 14 6 12-inch Circle Edge Kerb (extra over all) 7i 1J Flats 3 9 Rubble 1 Per Stone. Club Corners 2 Per Yard. Borders 5 by 10 . . . 4i Per Foot. -6 by 12 .. 5 Tram Eail 8 by 14 9$ Signed, I. We agree that all Setts and Kerb be made strictly to size and specification, and any Setts, Kerb, Channel, or Dressed Stones not in conformity therewith be rejected. II. For the Members of the Settmakers' Union, we undertake to see that the above-mentioned conditions shall be properly observed for the period herein prescribed. Signed, Branch President. Signed, Branch Secretary. 21 METAL, ENGINEERING, AND SHIPBUILDING TRADES. IKON AND STEEL TRADES. Cleveland District Blastfurnacemen. The first sliding scale regulating the wages of blastfurnacemen in Cleveland was adopted in 1879. The agreement of 1891, published in full in the Standard Piece Rate Section of the 1893 Report on Changes in Wages and Hours of Labour, was terminated at the end of Sep- tember, 1895. The last agreement the eighth was entered into on December 7th, 1897, between the Cleveland Ironmasters' Association and the representatives of the blastfurnacemen employed at the Associated Works, the scale being the same as those of 1891 and 1895. Under this sliding scale certain percentage additions or deductions are made on the " standard " rates of wages, corresponding to changes in the net average selling price of " No. 3 Cleveland Pig-iron." These rates are not determined by a recognised piece list, but, to quote the statement of the Secretary of the Cleveland Iron Masters' Association, " Some work by day, some by week, and some in part under day wages and in part under what may be called piece prices namely, under a bonus according to production of furnaces." The agreement provides for the ascertainment once in three months by two accountants, chosen and paid by the ironmasters and blastfurnacemen respectively, of the net average invoice price of No. 3 Cleveland pig-iron during the preceding three months from the books of seven specified firms. The ascertainment is to be made as early as practicable in the months of January, April, July, and October respectively, aind the consequent change of wages, if any, takes effect at once, and lasts for three months. The " standard " rate of wages is taken to correspond to ai selling price of 34-5. and not exceeding 34s. 2'40d. a ton. The additions aind deductions, except as to certain portions of the steale (see portion bracketed), are made at the rate of 0-25 per cent, on standard wages for a change in price of 2'40d, per ton; or 1'25 per cent, on standard wages for ai change of Is. per ton in price. The agreement of 1897, which now regulates the wages of 5,500 operatives, is as follows : Agreement entered into December 7th. 1897, between the Cleveland Iron Masters' Association of the one part-., and the representatives of the blastfurnace- men employed at the Associated Works of the other part. The wages of all classes of men working blastfurnace shifts shall, from the 31st December, 1897. till the agreement be determined by either party giving to the other three calendar months' notice which, however, may not be given before the 30th September, 1900 be regulated by the following sliding scale : '" 22 IRON AND STEEL TRADES. SLIDING SCALE regulating WAGES of CLEVELAND BLASTFURNACEMEN. When the Net Average Selling Price, ascertained in the manner herein- after defined, of No. 3 Cleveland Pig Iron has reached But has not reached There shall be made the following Additions to, or Dediictions from, the Standard Bates and Wages. s. d. s. d. Deductions from Standard. 29 29 2-40 29 2-40 29 4'80 6'25 per cent. 6-00 29 4-80 29 7-20 5-75 29 7-20 29 9-60 5-50 29 9-60 30 5-25 30 30 2-40 5-00 30 2-40 30 4-80 4-75 30 4-80 30 7-20 4-50 30 7-20 30 9-60 4-25 30 9-60 31 4-00 31 31 2-40 3-75 31 2-40 31 4-80 3-50 31 4-80 31 7-20 3-25 31 7-20 31 9-60 3-00 31 9-60 32 275 32 32 2-40 2-50 32 2-40 32 4-80 2-25 1 32 4'80 32 7*20 2-00 32 7-20 32 9-60 1-75 32 9-60 33 1-50 33 33 2-40 1-25 33 2-40 33 4-80 TOO 33 4-80 33 7-20 0-75 33 7-20 33 9-60 0-50 33 9'60 34 0-25 34 34 2-40 Standard. Additions to Standard. 34 2-40 34 4-80 0'25 per cent. 34 4-80 34 7'20 0'50 34 7-20 34 9-60 0-75 34 9'60 35 TOO 35 35 2-40 1-25 36 36 2-40 2-50 37 37 2-40 3-75 * # 38 38 2-40 5-00 * * 39 39 2-40 6-25 39 2-40 39 4-80 6-50 39 4-80 39 7-20 6'75 39 7-20 39 9-60 7-00 39 9-60 40 7-25 r40 40 120 7-oO 40 1-20 40 2-40 7-75 40 2-40 40 3-60 8-00 40 3-60 40 4-80 8-25 40 4-80 40 6 8*50 j40 6 40 7-20 8-75 40 7'20 40 8'40 9-00 40 8-40 40 9'60 9'25 40 9-60 40 10-80 9-50 ; 40 10-80 41 975 )41 41 1-20 10-00 41 1-20 41 2-40 10-25 41 2-40 41 3-60 10-50 41 3-60 41 4-80 10-75 41 4-80 41 6 11-00 41 6 41 7-20 11-25 41 7-29 41 8-40 11-50 41 8-40 41 9-60 11*75 I 41 9*60 41 10-80 12-00 v.41 10-80 42 12-25 42 42 2-40 12-50 42 2-40 42 4-80 12-75 42 4-80 42 7-20 13-00 42 7-20 42 9*60 13-25 42 9-60 43 13-50 43 # 43 2-40 13-75 ^ 44^0 44 2-40 15'00 ^ 45 45 2-40 16-25 ^ ,> 46 46 2-40 17-50 CLEVELAND BLASTFURNACEMEN. 23 SLIDING SCALE regulating WAGES of CLEVELAND BLASTFURNACEMEN uoiit. When the Net Average Selling Price, ascertained in the manner herein- after defined, of No. 3 Cleveland Pig Iron has reached But has not reached There shall be made the following additions to the Standard Bates and Wages. s. d. s. d. Additions to Standard. 47 * 47 2-40 18"75 per cent. 48 48 2-40 20-00 49 49 2-40 21-25 * * 50 50 2-40 22-50 ^ 51 61^ 2-40 23-75 * * 52 52 2-40 25-00 * * * 53 53^2-40 26-25 ^ 54 54 2-40 27-50 ^ 55 55^2-40 28-75 ^ 56 56 ^ 2-40 30-00 * * 57 * 57^2-40 31-25 ^ 58 58 2-40 32-50 * * * 59 59 2-40 33-75 4 * 60 60 2-40 35-00 And so on in either direction in the same ratio. The first ascertainment of price shall be for the three months of October, November and December, 1897. Such ascertainment to take place as early as possible in January, 1898, and to regulate wages for January, February and March, 1898. And so on every three months. The changes in the wages shall take effect as soon in the months of January, April, July or October (as the case may be), as the time of ascertaining the price will reasonably admit of, but not later than the 7th of the month. The net average selling price of No. 3 Cleveland pig-iron shall be confi- dentially ascertained by two properly accredited and certificated accountants, one chosen by the ironmasters and the other by the blastfurnacemen and at their respective charges, with whom there shall be associated any accountant who may be appointed by the North-Eastern Eailway Company. Such price shall be ascertained from the books of the following firms: Messrs. Bolckow, Yaughan & Co., Limited; Messrs. Bell Brothers, Limited; Messrs. Cochrane & Co., Limited; Cargo Fleet Iron Co., Limited; Messrs. Wilsons, Pease & Co.; Sir B. Samuelson & Co., Limited; and Edward Williams. The price shall be the actual net average invoice price at the works for each period of ascertain- ment. Should any dispute arise as to the carrying out of any of these arrangements or as to the rates of wages at particular works, the question in difference shall be submitted to the decision of a committee comprising not more than six iron- masters and not more than six blastfurnacemen, who, if they cannot agree, shall appoint an umpire to settle the matter, but no alteration shall, during the currency of this agreement, be made in the rates now prevailing at any of the works of the ironmasters parties hereto, unless such alteration is sought on the ground of the working conditions or the working appliances having changed. If for any reason either party to this Agreement desire to omit any of the firms above-named, or to add thereto, the matter shall, in case of difference, be referred to the said committee. It is agreed that 3s. per day shall be the minimum rate of wages for any workman employed to take blastfurnace shifts, and it is understood that this clause applies to spare furnacemen only. IRON AND STEEL TRADES. Under the scales the following fluctuations have taken place in the wages of Cleveland blastfurnacemen from 1891 onwards. y Percentage of Wages above Standard of 1879 during I ear. Jan. March. April June. July Sept. Oct. Dec. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. 1891 18-25 13-75 7-25 7-00 1892 6-00 5-00 6-00 6-25 1893 4'2o 1-25 0-25 0-25 1894 0-25 1-00 1-75 1-25 1895 1-25 1-25 1-25 5-00 1896 3-00 4-00 4-50 4-00 1897 5-00 6-50 6-50 7-25 1898 9-50 8-75 8-00 8-00 1899 13-00 16-00 19-75 28-75 I From the commencement of 1896 to the end of 1897 the number of operatives affected by these changes was reported as 5,000, and from the beginning of 1898 as 5,500. West Cumberland Blastfurnacemen. Wages of blastfurnacemen in this district have been regulated by sliding scale -since August 6th, 1889, the principle being practically the same as that adopted in the Cleveland agreement. The scale now in operation, is embodied in an agreement providing for the appointment of a Joint Committee for the regulation of all matters affecting the relations of employers and, employed. The agreement is between the West Cumberland Iron Masters' Association and the Representatives of the blastfurnacemen employed at the Associated Works, and was entered into on the 9th September, 1898. The actual scale is as follows : The \vages of all classes of men working blastfurnace shifts shall, as from the 30th of June, 1898, till the Agreement be determined by either party giving to the other three calendar months' notice which, however, may not be given before the 30th June, 1900 be regulated by the following sliding scale : When the Net Average Selling Price, ascertained in the manner herein- There shall be made the following Additions to, or Deductions from, after defined, of No. 1, No. 2 But has not reached the Bates of Wages and No. 3 Bessemer prevailing immediately Cumberland Hematite prior to the date Warrants has reached of this Agreement. s. d. s. d. Deductions from Standard. 43 43 2'4 li per cent. 43 2'4 43 4'8 1 43 4'8 43 7'2 a 43 7'2 43 9'6 1 " 43 9-6 44 I 44 Standard. Additions to Standard. 44 2-4 44 4'8 i per cent. 44 4'8 44 7'2 i 44 7-2 44 9'6 I 44 9'6 45 1 45 45 2'4 H And so on in either direction in same ratio. WEST CUMBERLAND BLASTFURNACEMEN. 25 The net average selling price in the case of this scale is fixed by taking the daily average price of business done at cash in the Glasgow Market in Cumberland Hematite Warrants, the quarterly averages being then ascertained from the daily averages of the three months preceding the ascertainment. The following fluctuations under the scales of 1889 and 1898 have taken place since the commencement of 1894 upon the standard of 1889: Fluctuations of Wages on Standard of 1889. Vanr Jan. March. April June. July Sept. Oct. Dec. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. Per cent. LS94 1-25 below Standard. 1-25 below 1-25 below IS'.lf, 2-50 3-75 below 2-50 1*25 above 1896 3 '75 above 3*75 above 2-50 above 1-25 1897 6-00 5-75 3-50 2-50 ., 1898 3-75 11-00* 12-75* 15-50* ,, 1899 20-75* .. 23-75* 31-50* 42-75* * Includes a special advance of 5 per cent, and also an advance of 1 ^ per cent, due to an alteration in the basis of the sliding scale, granted in May 1898. The number of blastfurnacemen whose wages are regulated by this scale is returned as 1,350. Blastfurnacemen at Barrow-in-Furness, &c. The wages of the blastfurnacemen at Barrow are regulated by a sliding scale, adopted in 1888, and which is based on the same ascertainment of prices as the West Cumberland blastfurnacemen's sliding scale. At the beginning of 1895 there were two chief points of difference between the two scales, viz. : (1) the Barrow standard of prices was 44s. per ton, as against 45s. under the West Cumberland scale; and (2) the amount of the additions or deductions to> be made at Barrow to or from the standard wages of 1889 was 1 per cent, for each Is. above or below the standard selling price of pig, as against 1^ per cent, for each Is. in the case of the West Cumberland scale. Thus when the selling price of pig was between 42s. and 43s. per ton, and wages in West Cumber- land consequently 3J per cent, below the standard of 1889, wages at Barrow would be 2 per cent, below this standard. In 1895 two important changes took place at Barrow. After a dispute lasting three days (March 4th-6th), the blastfurnacemen sub- mitted to an arbitrator, who> made a reduction in the standard rates of wages. Further, a new arrangement came into force on April 1st, 1895, by which additions and deductions were thenceforward made at the rate of 1 J per cent, instead of 1 per cent., so that, in the illustration given above, wages at Barrow would, under the new method of calculation, be 2^ per cent, below the standard, instead of 2 per cent, below. 26 IRON AND STEEL TRADES. In 1897 and 1898, however, modifications were made in both the West Cumberland and Barrow scales, so that the standard of prices is now the same, viz., 44s., and the percentage amount of the additions or deductions to or from the standard wages, has been altered in both cases so as to give an advance or reduction of J per cent, for every rise or fall of 2 -4d. in the selling price. The other pig iron manufacturing districts in Cumberland and North Lancashire work under sliding scale arrangements similar to the above, and altogether in these two centres about 2,200 workpeople have their wages regulated in this way. The variations in the rates of wages of blastfurnacemen under the scale have been as follows : Net Amount Per-centage Net Amount Per-centage Year. of Change. Increase (+). above Stan- dard at end of Year. of Change. Increase (+). above Stan- dard at end of Decrease ( ). each Year. Decrease ( ). each Year. Per cent. Per cent. 1890 + 2 + 11 1895 + 21* + 2i 1891 6 + 5 1896 + 2* 1892 ... + 5 1897 + 1* + 3f 1893 __ 4 + 1 1898 + 6| + 104 1894 1 Standard. 1899 + 27* + 37| * New scale adopted 1st April 1895. Barrow-in-Furness Steel Workers. A Sliding Scale for the regulation of wages of the steel workers employed by the Barrow Hsematite Steel Co., Limited, was agreed to in November 1895. It was based on the net average invoice price of good steel rails of 40 pounds per yard and upwards delivered from the works of the company, the standard price being 3 10s. per ton, and the standard wages those fixed by the arbitrator, Mr. Jeremiah Head, in the dispute which occurred in March and April 1895. To these wages J per cent, is added for every Is. advance in prices until rails reach ,4 15s. per ton, after which 1 per cent, is added for every Is. advance in prices. Prices are to be ascertained every two months. Undejr this scale, which affects about 2,000 workpeople, the following net percentage increases on standard wages have taken place since 1895: In 1895 1896 1898 , 1899 8 per cent, increase. ^2 11 11 Upward and downward changes left wages at the same level at the end as at the beginning of the year. per cent, increase. 16 THE MIDLANDS. 27 Midlands iron and Steel Workers. The wages of puddlers, mill and forgemen in this trade and district are regulated by a sliding scale mutually agreed to by employers and employed, and under which the rate per ton to the workmen is made to bear a certain relation to the selling price of iron, which is ascertained at bi-monthly intervals by selected accountants. It is only necessary here to explain the practical operation of the system, information as to the working of the Joint Committee and Wages Board being contained in other reports of the Depart- ment.* The rule fixing the wage rate per ton provides that "puddlers' "wages shall be Is. 6d. in excess of Is. for each 1 sterling per "ton in selling price, and the fractional parts shall be regulated " thus : s. d. s. d. From over 2 6 to 5 5 7 6 10 12 6 15 17 6 7 6 10 12 6 15 17 6 20 Wages, s. d. 3 3 6 6 9 9 1 0" Millmen's and forgemen's wages are advanced or reduced in the following way : For Is. puddling 9d. , , 6d. , 3d. 1 per cent, millmen and forgemen. 7* 2* The tonnage rates given usually include payment not only for the puddlers, but also for their assistants or " underhands." There appears to be an uniform practice throughout the district of paying puddlers' underhands an average wage of from 4s to 4s. 6d. per " shift," one underhand to each furna.ce ; but in the mills there is no such uniformity of numbers of underhands or wages, such de- pending upon the character of the mill. The underhands' wages rise and fall in proportion to the changes in the wages of puddlers under the gliding scale. Previous to May, 1890, the premium rate was Is. 9d. instead of Is. 6d., and, pending the negotiations for a revised scale, ai meeting of the Committee was necessary to give effect to the finding of the accountants. In July, 1893, however, the rate of premium was re- duced to Is. Qd. and the scale was made self-acting. The classes of iron on which the ascertained selling price is based, are described in the following statement received from the Secretary * See Reports on Strikes and Lock-outs, 1891-1898. 28 IRON AND STEEL TRADES. of the Wages Board, which also traces the recent history of the scale : "A sliding scale has been employed from time to time for the regulation of wages in the Midland iron trade. It has been modified in various ways, such as alteration of the basis or of the premium. It has then been discontinued for a time and again revived, usually at the request of the president. Most of the presidents have urged the adoption of a sliding scale. In October 1889, a new basis altogether was employed, based upon all classes of iron as rolled and delivered from the mills, with the exception of charcoal iron, cold rolled, or that which has been subject to any additional process, and steel sheets, scrap ends, and defective sheets. This being a new departure, of which we had no experience, a leap in the dark was taken when the premium was fixed at Is. 9d. per ton. It was soon found to be too high, giving a rate of wages in excess of the North of England. The question of premium was then suspended, although the accountants took out the figures as usual, and for a time the guiding principle was to fix a rate for puddling, which should give the Midlands 6d. per ton above the North of England rate. In July 1893, sufficient evidence of the effect of the new basis had been collected, and the scale was made self-acting, with a premium of Is. 6d. per ton. The action of this scale runs side by side with that in the North of England with remarkable exactitude, although they are each upon a totally different basis, and it has been suggested that an amalgamation of the two scales should be made, and the basis price for each district should be the average of the two results." The selling price is ascertained every two months by a firm of accountants mutually agreed upon, and at these intervals the wage rate per ton is fixed for the following two months. Thus, as an example of how the system operates, the accountants, at the time appointed, announce that they find that the net average price obtained during the bi-monthly period has been 5 19s. 4-98d. per ton. Then the wage rate works out thus : Is. per on 5 19s. 4d. as per scale, 6s. (since the fractional part 19s. 4d. being between 17s. 6d. and 1 gives Is. wages under the scale), plus premium Is. 6d. == 7s. 6d. per ton. The variations of the rate per ton from the end of 1892 to the end of 1899 haive been as follows: Puddlers' Wages Per Ton. s7~d. December 3rd, 1892, to February 4th. 1893 7 9 February 4th to April 3rd. 1893 ... ' 7 9 April 3rd to June 3rd, 1893 7 6 June 3rd to August 5th, 1893 7 6 August 5th to October 7th. 1893 76 October 7th to December 2nd, 1893 7 6 December 2nd, 1893, to February 3rd, 1894 7 9 February 5th to December 1st, 1894 7 6 December 1st, 1894, to December 5th, 1896 7 3 December 5th, 1896, to August 7th, 1S97 7 6 August 7th, 1897, to October 2nd, 1897 7 9 October 2nd, 1897, to August 6th, 1898 76 August 8th, 1898, to February 4th, 1899 7 9 February 6th, 1899, to April 1st, 1899 April 3rd, 1899, to August 5th, 1899 8 : August 7th to October 7th, 1899 86 October 9th to December 2nd, 1899 8 9 December 4th to February 3rd, 1900 90 In October, 1895, the accountants' certificate would have given a reduction of 3d. per ton in puddlers' wages, but owing to the absence NORTH OP ENGLAND IRON AND STEEL WORKERS. 2'J on business of leading members of the Board the rate of 7s. 3d. per ton was continued, and in the following quarter the rate was again continued, although the rate showed a reduction of 3d. per ton on the sliding scale. Again in December 1896 there was a slight deficiency of lid. per ton on selling price necessary to give an advance in wages, but wages were advanced to 7s. 6d. per ton.* The estimated number of operatives whose wages are now regulated by this scale is about 20,000. North of England Iron and Steel Workers. Wages in iron and steel manufacture in the north of England are regulated on a principle very similar to that of the Midland Iron and Steel Wages Board. There is, however, no signed agreement setting out the scale, any information on the subject being contained in certain resolutions and minutes of the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration for the manufactured iron trade of the north of England. The present (scale, under which the wages of 6,000 operatives are now regulated, dates from 1889. It is termed a scale " of 2s. ''above shillings for poainds." The meaning of this phrase will be clear after the explanations given with regard to the Midland scale. The tonnage rate of pieces-wages for puddlers is 2s., together with Is. for each pound in the average price per ton of the finished iron, as ascertained by the accountants. Thus, if the average price be 5 per ton, the tonnage rate for puddlers is 7s". For each 5s. variation in the average price per ton, puddlers' wages atre advanced or reduced by 3d. per ton. The wages of all other forge and mill men are simultaneously advanced or reduced 2J per cent. The average selling price of iron is ascertained by an eminent accountant every two months, by an examination of the books of the firms and companies belonging to or associated for this purpose with the Board. It will be seen that (as in the case of the Midland iron and steel trade) the scale provides the means of calculating not only per- centage changes of wages, but also the actual piece-rates payable to puddlers. Consett and Jarrow Steel Millmen. A scale similar to those described above is in operation at Consett works for the regulation of the wages of the steel millmen employed there. The fluctuations are governed by the average net selling price of steel plates made by the firm, this being ascertained every three months by the accountant to the Board of Conciliation. The average price is not made known, except to the Secretaries of the Board, who declare its' effect upon wages. The scale was * Similar concessions have been made occasionally since, a guiding principle established many years ago being that South Staffordshire puddling should always be Gd. per ton above the North of England rate, owing to the difference in the "extras " allowed for puddling in the two districts. 30 IRON AND STEEL TRADES. arranged in April, 1888, and came into operation from the beginning of the following July. Since its adoption, the basis has been twice modi- fied in favour of the workmen. The employers and workmen at Jarrow works haive by mutual arrangement followed the fluctuations of the Consett scale since its adoption. About 1,000 workpeople have their wages regulated by this scale. The following table shows the per- centage above or below standard at the end of each year since the adoption of the scale: Year. Percentage above or below Standard. Year. Percentage above or below Standard. 1888 1889 1890* 1891 1892 1893 tper cent, above. 6* ;; 2* 5 below. 1894 1895 1896* 1897 1898 1899 5 per cent below. H " " At Standard. 2 per cent, above. * 2 per cent, added to basis of scale during the year. Eston Steel Workers. The iron and steel workers of this locality, which is the centre of the Cleveland trade, have for some years had their wages regulated by a sliding scale somewhat resembling in principle the South Wales scale (see next page), but presenting certain points of difference. The first scale in operation terminated in February 1892, after having worked four and a half years. It was re-established, however, on August 1st, 1894. Like the South Wales scale it provides a minimum and maximum figure, below or above which wages shall not fall or rise, and which allows for a fluctuation of 20 per cent. An ascertained net selling price of 3 10s. per ton represents the basis in comparison with the minimum rate of wages. Changes over and above 3 10s. per ton give J per cent, advance on wages for each 6d. advance in price of rails up to 4: 10s. per ton. From ,4 10s. to <5 per ton J per cent, for each 6d. per ton advance in rails is given. The same rule applies in reduction. In order to ascertain the selling price an accountant is elected by the firm and another by the workmen. These examine the books every two months, and declare the rates to be paid to workmen, but the prices realised are not published, and are known only to the representatives on each side. This scale regulates the wages of over 1,200 workmen. The following table shows the percentage of wages above the standard of Januaiy, 1887, at the end of each of the undermentioned years: Year. Percentage above standard. Year. Percentage above standard. 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 12A ~8 Ht 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 Standard t 1 8f 19 * Including 4 per cent, special advance. t Sliding scale discontinued February 1892, renewed August 1st, 1894. SOUTH WALES, ETC., IRON AND STEEL WORKERS. 31 South Wales and Monmouthshire Iron and Steel Workers. A new Sliding Scale for the regulation of the wages of iron and steel workers employed at the five works affiliated to the South Wales and Monmouthshire Iron and Steel Makers' Association was agreed to on 1st September, 1895, and signed by representatives of the associated firms and of the workmen employed by these firms. It was drawn up by a Joint Committee of the signatories, on similar lines to the scale of 18901 (the first in use for iron and steel workers in this district), the operations of which extended to one establishment in addition to those comprised in the 1895 agreement. The number of representatives on the Joint Committee, which had previously been limited to 12 (6 from each side), was, in consequence of the reduction in the number of firms taking part in the agreement, reduced to 10 (5 from each side), sanction being given for four addi- tional representatives of the workmen to attend the meetings, though without power to vote. In connection with both the 1890 and 1895 scales, a minimum and ai mammum wage wais fixed, below or beyond which wages could not extend. In the first scale wages were never to fall below the standard, i.e., the rates paid in March 1889, or to exceed 35 per cent, above this standard. The same conditions applied to the scale of 1895, except that the recognised standard wages were to be those paid in March 1895. A comparison of the two agreements shows that one of the principal differences is in the selected classes of steel from which the average net selling price is calculated. Under the old scale the basis was the average net selling price of steel rails Jfi Ibs. per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars, but under the new one (see clause 6, below) the price of steel rails 20 Ibs. per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars, is taken as the basis. Another important difference is in the system on which the percentage additions to the standard wages are made. An addition of 1 per cent, was made to wages under the 1890 scale for each Is., or fractional part thereof, by which the ascertained average net selling price was in excess of the standard price, viz., 4 5s., so long as this selling price should not exceed 5 11s. But for prices above 5 lls. the further addition was only \ per cent, of the standard wages for each Is., or fractional part thereof, in excess of that amount. As will be seen, this principle is maintained in the new scale, except that it is more elastic, i.e., advances and decreases of wages come into operation for each change of 6d. in selling prices. It will be observed that the first ascertainment was to be made in December 1895, and was to cover the three preceding months, but the result would not affect wages until January 1st, 1896. J See Minutes of Evidence taken before Group " A " (Mining, Iron, Engineering Hardware, Shipbuilding, and connate trades) of the Royal Commission on Labour. (Vol. II.) C. 6795.-iv. Price 5s. 3d. 32 . IRON AND STEEL TRADES. The new scale which regulates the wages of about 5,000 operatives is as follows: MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT made this 1st day of September 1895, between the undersigned : [Here follow the names of employers and employed representing five works.] 1. The said parties hereto are herein-after styled the Joint Committee. and the said Committee shall be kept on foot by employers and workmen. 2. The Joint Committee shall have two secretaries, one appointed by the employers, and the other by the workmen. 3. The number of representatives forming the Joint Committee shall not exceed ten representatives, exclusive of the two secretaries, five representatives to act on behalf of the employers, and five on behalf of the workmen; but, in addition to the before-stated five representatives of the workmen, four other representatives may attend the meetings of the Joint Committee on behalf of the workmen, but shall have no voting power. In case of a representative ceasing to be employed at any of the above-named works, he shall no longer be a representative of the Joint Committee, and another representative shall be appointed from the works where such vacancy has occurred. 4. The Joint Committee agree that the following conditions shall regulate the rates of wages to be paid at the various iron and steel works, as and from the 1st day of September 1895. 5. This agreement shall comprise, and apply to, the whole of the members of the said association. 6. The wages shall be regulated by a sliding scale, based upon the average net selling price of steel rails 20 Ibs. per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars of all weights, as ascertained from time to time, and certified by the accountants. 7. That the basis on which wages are to be regulated shall be the combined average net selling price 011 trucks at the above-named works of steel rails weighing 20 Ibs. per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars, invoiced during the three months of the audit. 8. That the standard minimum rate of wages be those paid at the Monmouthshire and South Welsh Works in March 1895; that no reduction of wages be made when the combined average net selling price of steel rails 20 Ibs. per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars, is d4 5s. per ton net on trucks at the above-mentioned makers' works, or below, and that the maximum rate of wages be paid when the combined average price of steel rails 20 Ibs. per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars, is c6 10s. per ton net on trucks at the above- mentioned makers' works, and above, and that wages be advanced or reduced at the above-mentioned works when the combined average prices of rails and bars are from ,4 5s. to <5 10s. per ton at the rate of one-half of 1 per cent, for every sixpence advance or reduction in the combined average net selling price in trucks at the above-mentioned works, and when the combined average prices are from <5 10s. to Q 10s. per ton at the rate of one quarter of 1 per cent, for every sixpence advance or reduction, and that all customs in vogue at the above-mentioned works in March 1895 remain in force. 9. Rates that have been specially altered, advanced, or reduced since March 1895 are to remain in force during the existence of this Sliding Scale, but subject to variation under clause 13. 10. General advances and reductions of wages are to be based on the standard rate as provided for in these rules. 11. Rejected rails and rejected tin bars are to be excluded from the audit. 12. Where fishplates are included in an overhead price of rails, the actual weight of fishplates is to be deducted, and an allowance of SOUTH WALES, ETC., IRON AND STEEL WORKERS. 33 1 per ton of fishplates above the price of rails to be allowed in arriving at the average. 13. The wages shall be advanced or reduced at the end of each period of three months by additions or reductions in accordance with the following scale : When the A Selling Price 20 Ibs. per upwards, ai Bars, is iverage Net of Steel Kails Yard and id Steel Tin and under Wages to be at the following Percentage on the Standard. When the Average Net Selling Price of Steel Bails 20 Ibs. per Yard and upwards, and Steel Tin Bars, is ' and under Wages to be at the following Percentage on the Standard. s. d. & s. d. s. d. s. d. 450 456 Standard 580 5i8 6 23 456 460 4 586 529 234 460 466 1 590 596 24 466 470 596 5 10 244 470 476 9 5 10 5 10 6 25 4 7 6 480 24 5 10 6 5 11 251 480 486 3 5 11 5 11 6 25i 486 490 34 5 11 6 5 12 25 490 1 9 6 4 5 12 5 12 6 26 496 4 10 5 12 6 5 13 261 4 10 4 10 6 5 5 13 5 13 6 2 4 10 6 4 11 5 13 6 5 14 on 4 11 4 11 6 6 5 14 5 14 6 27 4 11 6 4 12 64 5 14 6 5 15 271 4 12 4 12 6 7 5 15 5 15 6 27* 4 12 6 4 13 74 5 15 6 5 16 27| 4 13 4 13 6 8 5 16 5 16 6 28 4 13 6 4 14 5 16 (i 5 17 4 14 4 14 6 9 5 17 5 17 6 28J 4 14 6 4 15 5 17 6 5 18 4 15 4 15 6 10 5 18 5 18 6 29 4 15 6 4 16 104 5 18 6 5 19 291 4 16 4 16 6 11 5 19 5 19 6 29| 4 16 6 4 17 114 5 19 6 600 4 17 4 17 6 12 600 606 30 4 17 6 4 18 606 6 1 301 4 18 4 18 6 13 6 1 616 30i 4 18 6 4 19 134 6 1 6 620 30| 4 19 4 19 6 14 620 626 31 4 19 6 500 626 630 311 500 506 15 630 636 506 5 1 154 636 640 31$ 5 1 5 1 6 16 640 646 32 5 1 6 5 2 526 520 526 5 3 174 646 650 656 650 656 660 321 1 530 536 18 660 666 33 536 5 4 184 6 6 6 670 331 540 5 4 6 19 670 676 33* 546 550 194 6 7 6 680 33| 550 556 20 680 686 34 556 560 204 6 8 6 690 341 560 5 6 6 21 690 696 34$ 566 5 7 214 696 6 10 34* 570 576 22 6 10 35 576 580 224 14. Two accountants shall be appointed, one by the employers and the other by the workmen, to ascertain the net selling price of steel rails 20 Ibs per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars, in trucks at makers' works. 15. The first audit shall take place in December 1895, for the months of September, October, and November preceding, and whatever altera- tions are shown in the combined average net selling price of steel rails 20 Ibs. per yard and upwards, and steel tin bars, shall govern the rates of wages to be paid for the three months from the 1st of January to th 31st of March next. The three months ending the 30th of November shall govern wages from the 1st of January to the 31st of March. The three months ending 28th of February shall govern wages from the 1st of April to the 30th of June. The three months ending the 31st of May shall govern the wages from the 1st of July to the 30th September. 3032-1 C M . IRON AND STEEL TRADES. The three months ending the 31st of August shall govern the wages from the 1st of October to the 31st of December. In order to avoid a division of any one week, the accounts shall be made up to the Saturday nearest to the end of every period, that is, if the last day of the period be on Sunday, Monday, or Tuesday, the accounts shall be made up to the previous Saturday, and if the period end on Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday, the accounts shall be made up to the following Saturday. 16. The accountants shall give a certificate of the combined net average selling price for each of the above periods of three months, such certificates to be forwarded to the joint secretaries, under seal, and after- wards opened in the presence of the Joint Committee. 17. The Joint Committee shall decide upon questions arising out of an alleged infringement of this agreement, but no dispute shall be entertained or dealt with by the Joint Committee unless the employers and workmen have in each case endeavoured and failed to settle the same. 18. The undersigned, having this day been employed as workmen at the several works of the South Wales and Monmouthshire Iron and Steel Makers' Association, hereby authorise and require the employers to deduct from time to time, out of the wages earned by us while so employed, all payments or advances which shall from time to time be made by them for us upon our verbal or written request, in respect of medicine, medical attendance, or the contributions to any friendly or benefit society duly established, or for relief in sickness; and also the value of any fuel, tools, or implements supplied to us by them; and also the rent of any tenements occupied by us as tenants, and belonging to them, and other usual stoppages duly authorised. 19. This agreement and scale shall be in force for six months certain from the 1st of September 1895, and either side may give notice to terminate the same in any complete six months after the 1st of March 1896. Such notice to be given on the 1st of March 1896 or the 1st of September 1896, or on the first day of any succeeding March or September. No changes occurred under the scale in 1895 or 1896, but in 1897 an advance of 2^ per cent, took place. In 1898 again no changes took place, but in 1899 three advances of 2J per cent, each occurred. Midlands Sheet Millmen's Wages List. Another important list regulating the wages of a considerable section of workers in the Midland district was agreed to between the representatives of employers and employed farming the Midland Iron and Steel Wages Board in 1891. This list had for its object the establishment of a schedule of prices which should be binding upon every firm of sheet iron makers in the South Staffordshire, East Worcestershire and Shropshire districts, and upon the operatives employed by them. From time to time doubts ha,ve arisen as to whether this list was being universally adhered to>, but it is still regarded by the Board as an operative list, and it was stated at a meeting of the Board on September 28th, 1899, that the list had been adopted by five firms in South Wales. The number of operatives whose wages are governed by the list and who are subject to the fluctua- tions declared by the Board from time to time in the standard rates of mill wages, is about 2,000. SHIPBUILDING AND BOlLERMAKING TRADES SHIPBUILDING. In the shipbuilding industry a very considerable proportion of the work is paid for under a sub-contract or piece-work system, although the former tends to disappear. Thus, while ten years ago it was a very general practice for the workman holding the superior position in a section of allied workers to pay the subordinates himself from the general earnings, it is now common for such subordinate workers to be paid through the office of the firm employing them. Notwithstand- ing this general prevalence of the piece-work system, however, such lists of prices as exist are purely local, and no attempt has ever been made to establish uniform standard lists. Indeed, the nature of the conditions under which shipbuilding is carried on is such that such a list could not be arranged. Some sections of the work may be done in much the same way in whatever locality it may be carried on, but other sections vary so much in their methods and facilities of produc- tion that no common list of prices can be framed. Therefore many of the lists in existence for regulating payment in these trades are local in character, or may even apply to but single establish- ments. There is, nevertheless (notwithstanding differences of technical nomenclature), a strong general resemblance in the price lists for the various sections in all districts. In fact, some of the lists apply either to more than one district or to a very large district, as, for example, the Tyne and Wear Rivetters' List, which applies to- shipbuilding on both these rivers. Rivetting is an operation which is just the same on one river as the .other, and hence the possibility of a common list, bur, in respect to the construction and plating of vessels, local conditions may be perfectly dissimilar, and therefore the Tyne and Wear have no such common price list for platers, but each river works to its own lists. In these circumstances a limited selection only will be quoted from the number of these lists furnished to the Department. Angle Smiths. These form an important section of workers, and, in some districts have their prices arranged under list. Their work is heavy, and con- sists chiefly of welding and bending operations upon the various kinds of angle iron work which enter so largely into the construction of a ship. There is a great deal of diversity in the work done by this class of operatives, and therefore such price lists as prevail are purely local. In such lists it is not easily possible to lay down a principle of payment by weight or by number, and seldom even by measurement, and thus the scale of prices in nearly every case is fixed for the special job to be done by the smith. These .smiths are generally assisted by strikers 30321 c 2 36 SHIPBUILDING. and other assistants, who in some cases are paid by the firm, but in others by the smith under whom they work. These auxiliaries are paid ait a fixed rate, which, by reason of the work being piece work, ranges considerably higher than that of similar classes of men paid under the time work system. Thus in the case of the list about to be quoted, beam smith heaters are paid 39s., strikers, 33s., and back hands from 25^. to 28s. per week. Of such lists that which was agreed to in the Wear district in August, 1892, may be taken as a fair specimen, and the following excerpts may be made as illustrating the different methods of fixing the prices of different kinds of work, whether by the article or by measurement : SHIPYARDS, WEAR DISTRICT. Angle Smith's Price List. Angle Beam Kneeing August 3rd, 1892. 3. d. Up to 4 in. by 3 in. ... 3 o 5 in. by 3 in. and 5 in. by 3 in ... 3 3 Angle Bulb Beam Kneeing Up to 5 in. by 3 in 4 6 in. by 3 in. and 6 in. by 3 in ... 4 6 7 in. by 3 in. and 7 in. by 3 in ... 5 8 in. by 3 in. and 8 in by 3 in. ... 5 6 9 in. by 3 in. and 9 in. by 3 in ... 6 ft Turning anrl Welding Bulb Plate Beam Knees s. d. 8. d. 6 in. 3 10 9 in. . . 7 2 6i in 41 10 in. . . 7 6 7 in. 4 5 10 in. . . 9 6 7 in 49 11 in. . . 9 11 8 in 5 1 11 in. . . 10 4 8i in 55 12 in. . . 10 9 9 in 5 10 Slabbing Bulb Plate Beam Knee* s. d. 6 in. ..36 9 in. 6* in. ..39 10 in. 7 in. .. 3 10 10 in. 7J in. ..42 11 in. 8 in. ..43 11* in. 8i in. ..48 12 in. 9 in. .. 4 10 s. d. 5 2 5 9 6 9 7 6 8 3 9 3 Half Beams, half price. Smiths prepare all Knee Plates for Welding. Box Ends on Angle Half Beams Up to 44 in. by 3 in ................ 10d. each. 5 in. by 3 in. and 5i in. by 3 in. ...... Is. Box Ends on Angle Bulb Half Beams Up to 5 i in. by 3 in ................ Is. 2d. each. 6 in. by 3 in. and 6 in. by 3 in 7 in. by 3 in. and 7 in. by 3 in 8 in. by 3 in. and 8 in. by 3 in Joggling in each case, 3d. extra per joggle. (Material laid down at Smith's fire.) Is. 4d. Is. 6d. Is. 8d. ,. ANGLE SMITHS. 37 Angle Smiths' Price List cont. Mast Fore and Afters Cutting, Dressing, and Joggling Bulbs, each end Id. per inch in breadth of bulb. Scarphing, up to 9 in Id. per inch. 9* in. and 10 in. IJd. 10J in. and upwards IJd. Mast Fore and Aft Angles 2-corner Angles, 3 in. by 3 in. made only ... 3s. 6d. each. 3i in. by 3* in. ... 3s. 9d. Fitting in each case ... ... ... ... ... Is. 3d. ,. Mast Fore and After Bulbs and Angles, made and fit complete 6 in. to 8 in. Bulbs, Angles 2 in. by 2 in. ... 6s. each. 8J in. to 10 in. 3 in. by 3 in. ... 7s. 10$ in. to 12 in. 3 J in. by 3 J in. ... 8s. Mast Fore and After Angles, Two Box Ends, Plain or Joggled, made and fit complete 5 in. by 3 in. and 5 in. by 3 in 4s. 6d. each. 6 in. by 3 in. and 6 in. by 3 in. ... ... ... 5s. Od. 7 in. by 3 in. and 7 in. by 3 in. ... ... ... 6s. 6d. Mast Coamings, Bulk Angles, Bevelled to rake Angles up to 5 in. by 3 in., made only ... 13s. 6d. each. 6 in. by 3 in., ... 15s. Od. ,, 7$ in. by 3 in., ... 16s. 6d. Mast Coamings, Bulb Plate and Angle, made as contracted on, complete Bulbs up to 9 in. and Angles up to 4 in. by 3 in. ... 18s. each. Mast Angle Rings, made and bevelled Angles 3 in. by 3 in., 5s. 6d. each. 4 in. by 3 in., 6s. Od. each. 4 in. by 3 in., 6s. 6d. ,, 5 in. by 3 in., 7s. Od. ,. 5 in. by 3 in., 8s. Od. ,. 6 in. by 3 in., 8s. 6d. 6 in. by 4 in., 9s. Od. .. 6^ in. by 4 in., 9s. 6d. Mast Step Rings, made only Angles 3i in. by 3 in., 5s. 6d. each. 4 in. by 3 in., 6s. Od. each. 4i in. by 3 in., 6s. 6d. 5 in. by 3 in., 7s. Od. o| in. by 3' in., 8s. Od. ,, 6 in. by 3$ in., 8s. 6d. 6 in. by 4 in., 9s. Od. 6 in. by 4 in., 9s. 6d. Mast Steps, Square, made and bevelled Angles up to 5 in. by 3 in 7s. 3d. each. Mast End Inside Rings, made and fit Angles up to 4 in. by 3 in 6s. each half . Mast Check Angles, made only Angles up to 5 in. by 3 in 2s. lOd. per Angle. Ditto made and fit ... 4s. 3d. ,, Mast Beading Bars, 2* in. Is. 9d. each. Mast Round Tops, Welded only (Extra held supplied) Angle up to 3 in. = 3 in., 10s. each. 3 in. = 3 in., 11s. each 4 in. by 3 in., 12s. each. 5 in. by 3 in., 13s. each. 5 in. by 4 in., 15s. each. (Above these sizes, by agreement.) 38 SHIPBUILDING. Angle Smiths' Price lAstcont. Welding Straight Moulding Bars (Half-Round. Solid or Hollow) 2% in., Is. 3d. each ; 3 in., Is. 6d. each ; 4 in , Is. 9d. each. Welding Angles (United Flanges) 3^d. per inch. ,. Angle Bulbs (United Flanges) 3|d. ,, Bulb Plates ... ... ... 3^d. Straight Plates ... 3d. Broken Corners on Bulkhead, Deck, Tank Top. and Casing-pi Is. 6d. per corner. Shell Plate ... 2s. 3d. (All other Plates by agreement.) Platers. This section comes first in order of skill and importance, and the men engaged in it really do the work of framing amd plating the ship. They prepare the frames, bend and punch the plates and place them on the frames in position for the rivetters. Their work is, therefore, very varied, and, it might be imagined, would not lend itself very readily to arrangement in list form in such a way that the price for each separate piece of work could be easily fixed. Such lists have, however, been framed, and in practice are found to work successful!} 7 . As has been already explained, each district has its owrr lists for platers. The work of plating is rendered much more difficult or easy according to the effectiveness of the machinery and other appliances which are provided by firms for doing the work, therefore districts and separate firms in the same district must arrange for such differ- ences, using the lists as a basis. A list of prices for this kind of work which may be taken as typical is that in use for the Port of Sunderland. The list in question haa not been signed by the officials of the Employers' Association, but it is mutually agreed that in fixing prices the dimensions of plates are to be sent to the district delegate of the Shipbuilders' Society, who calcu- lates the weights and ascertains the prices according to the list which forms the standard. Platers require a considerable amount of help in working and moving the plates about. The labourers thus employed are called " platers' helpers," and for many years the question oiT their mode of payment was the cause of much dispute. Some years ago the helpers were generally paid by the platers. Now, in the district under notice, they are, in nine shipyards out of twelve, paid through the office a weekly wage which recognises that they are working at piece-work pressure. Thus the higher grades <: Block and Board " and " Keel and Stern Helpers " are paid 33,$. per week, and ordinary helpers 305., while those working under day work platers are only paid at 21s. per week. It will be seen from the portions of the list quoted that there is great difference in the size and weight of the frames and plates to be handled, and consequently in the amount of help required for different kinds of work. So much is this fact now generally recognised that in some cases lists are arranged fixing the number of helpers to be allowed under the various weights and conditions of work. The platers' lists in use everywhere are highly technical, and so differently arranged as to methods of fixing prices and as to the terms used in describing the work, that the list of one district haa little in common with that of another. PLATERS, The two following lists, which are comparatively simple, show the prices paid for framing in the Port of Sunderland : Sizes of Frames. 24 x 24 x 5-16ths or 5-20ths 3 24 5-ieths 5-20ths 3 3 6-16ths 6-20ths 34 3 6-16ths 6-20ths 34 3 7-16ths 7-20ths 4 3 7-16ths 7-20ths 44 3 7-16ths 7-20ths 44 3 8-16ths 8-20ths 5 3 8-16ths 8-20ths 54 3 8-16ths 8-20ths 54 34 8-16ths 8-20ths 54 34 9-16ths 9-20ths 6 34 9-16ths 9-20ths 64 34 10-16ths 10-20ths 7 34 10-16ths 10-20ths Punching. 1 1 3 1 6 1 9 2 2 3 2 6 2 9 3/0-3 3 3>3-3/6 3 9 4 4 6 5 5 6 Bending. Correcting. s. d. s. d. 30 13 36 16 40 19 46 20 50 23 5 6 2 6 6 2 9 6 6 3 7/0 -8. 8 3-3/6 7/68/6 3 6 -3 '9 9 6 4 10 6 4 3 11 6 4 6 12 6 5 13 6 6 Punching and Bending Cant Frames, same price as Full Frames. Mldshiu sizes of Frames govern the price throughout the Ship. When Z Frames amidships, the overhead price to be the same as ordinary |_ Frames ; but in case of Z Frames two-thirds of the price for Punching Reverse Frame Legs added to board work. The other one-third to be added to fitting and laying across XV661. Bottom piece in Cut Frames, bent separately, one-third the full bending -price. REVERSE FRAMES IN Two OR THREE PIECES, FULL OR CUT. Marking, Punching, Size~of Frames. Bending Full Reverse. Bending Legs?. and Bolting Reverse. Fulls. Legs, s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 2\ x 2i x 4-16ths or 5-20ths 20 16 19" 1 3 2} 2J 4-16ths 5-20ths t 23 19 20 1 6 2j 2A 5-16ths 5-20ths 26 20 23 1 9 3 24 6-16ths 6-2flths 29 23 26 2 3 3 6-ieths 6-20ths 30 26 29 2 3 3 3 7-16ths 6-20ths 3/3-3/6 2/9-3/0 3/0-3 3 2/6-29 34 3 8-16tbs 8-20ths 34 34 8-16ths 8-20ths 3/6-4/0 4 6 30-3/6 4 3/3-3/9 4 3 29-3/3 3 9 4 3J 8-16ths 8-20ths 5 46 49 4 3 4 34 9-16ths 9-20ths 5 6 50 53 4 9 14 34 9-16ths 9-20ths 6 6 6 6 3 5 9 5 34 9-16ths 10-20ths 7 6 7 7 3 6 9 Per foot. Angles on Top of Floors ( Mclntyre's and Cellular* >. Under 3x3 . . 1 ' ., 3x3 . . H .. 34 x 3A . . ij Angles on Floors when Furnaced and turned up to Tank Sides (Mclntyre's) : - s. d. 3 < 24 and 3x3 16 each. 34 3 34 34 19,, 4 34 4 34 2 ,. Two platers' lists, dealing chiefly with the shell of the ship, will show the mode of payment adopted in this kind of work. In these lists the principle of payment adopted is based upon the weight and length of the plates. Practically length is determined by the number of frames to which the plates are to be attached, and thus, in the list, the weight of plates and number of frames determine price. Therefore, the price is easily found, for plates of all kinds of which the SHIPBUILDING. weight is known, by carrying the weight, as shown in the left-hand column of the list, along the line until it meets the required column of frame lengths, where the correct price is found. These lists are as follows : Plate* Shell and Stringer Prices \ le ** *> Weight per Plate. 5 Frames 6 Frames 7 Frames 8 Frames 9 Frames 10 Frames 11 Frames 12 Frames 13 Frames 14 Frames 15 Frames 16 Frames s. d. 8. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Tip to 7 cwt. 6 94 7 3i 7 9 8 21 8 84 9 2i 9 8 10 11 10 7J 11 li 11 7 12 01 From 7 to 84 cwt. 7 10 8 41 8 114 9 6i 10 1 10 7| 11 24 11 9i 12 4 12 101 13 54 14 Oi 84 10 8 104 9 6i 10 2 10 9} 11 54 12 li 12 9 13 41 14 04 14 8i 15 4 15 111 ., 10 ,,114 9 11 10 7| 11 44 12 li 12 10 13 6| 14 34 15 Oi 15 9 16 51 17 24 17 Hi ,, HI ,,13 ,, 10 114 11 9i 12 7 13 41 14 2k 15 Oi 15 10 16 71 17 54 18 3i 19 1 19 101 13 ,,144 12 12 10| 13 94 14 8i 15 7 16 51 17 44 18 3i 19 2 20 01 20 114 21 10i 144 ,,16 13 04 14 Oi 15 15 11| 16 114 17 Hi 18 Hi 19 11 20 104 21 104 22 10 23 9| ,, 16 ,,174 14 1 15 If 16 24 17 3J 18 4 19 4J 20 54 21 6i 22 7 23 71 24 84 25 9i 174 ,,19 15 14 16 3$ 17 5 18 61 19 84 20 10i 22 23 11 24 34 25 5i 26 7 27 8J i. 19 ,,204 16 2 17 4| 18 74 19 10i 21 1 22 31 23 Si 24 yj 26 27 21 28 54 29 8i 204 ,,22 17 24 18 6i 19 10 21 11 22 54 23 9i 25 1 26 41 27 84 Oi 30 4 31 7J 22 ,,23J 18 3 19 7f a oi 32 5i 23 10 25 21 26 7J 28 Oi 29 5 30 91 32 24 33 7i 234 ,,25 19 3i 20 9i 22 3 23 8| 25 24 26 8i 28 3 29 81 31 14 32 7i 34 1 35 61 25 ,,26J 20 4 21 10| 23 54 25 Oi 26 7 28 11 29 9i 31 4i 32 10 34 41 35 llj 37 6i Platers' Shell and Stringer Prides, less 6 per cent. Weight per Plate. 5 Frames 6 Frames Frames 8 Frames 9 Frames 10 Frames 11 Frames 12 Frames 13 Frames 14 Frames 15 Frames 16 Frames 8. d. s. d. s. d. S. (1. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. a. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. From 264 to 28 cwt. 21 44 23 04 24 8 26 31 27 114 29 7i 31 4 32 111 34 64 36 2i 37 10 39 51 28 ,i 294 ,, 22 5 24 11 25 104 27 7i 29 4 31 01 32 104 34 7i 36 3 37 111 39 84 41 5i 294 31 23 54 25 3i 27 1 28 10| 30 84 32 6i 34 5 36 21 37 114 39 9i 41 7 43 41 31 324 24 6 26 41 28 34 30 2i 32 1 33 111 35 114 37 10i 39 8 41*61 43 54 45 4i 324 ,. 34 25 64 27 6i 29 6 31 51 33 54 35 5i 37 6 39 51 41 44 43 4i 45 4 47 31 34 354 26 7 28 71 30 84 32 9i 34 10 36 101 39 04 41 li 43 1 45 11 47 24 49 3i 354 ,, 37 27 74 29 9i 31 11 34 01 36 24 38 4i 40 7 42 81 44 94 46 Hi 49 1 51 21 , 37 384 28 8 30 101 33 14 35 4i 37 7 39 91 42 14 44 4i 46 6 48 81 50 114 53 2i 384,,, 40 29 84 32 Oi 34 4 36 71 38 114 41 3i 43 8 45111 48 24 50 6i 52 10 55 11 40 414 >, 30 9 33 11 35 64 37 Hi 40 4 42 81 45 24 47 7i 49 11 52 31 54 84 57 li 414 43 31 94 34 3i 36 9 39 21 41 84 44 2i 46 9 49 21 51 74 54 li 56 7 59 01 43 444 32 10 35 41 37 114 40 6i 43 1 45 71 48 34 50 10i 53 4 55 101 58 54 61 Oi 44J 46 33 104 36 6i 39 2 41 91 44 54 47 li 49 10 52 51 55 04 57 8i 60 4 62 111 46 474 34 11 37 7J 40 44 43 li 45 10 48 6| 51 44 54 li 56 9 59 5| 62 24 64 Hi ,, 474 ,- 49 35 114 38 9i 41 7 44 41 47 24 50 Oi 52 11 55 81 58 54 61 3i 64 1 66 101 49 504 37 39 101 42 94 45 8i 48 7 51 51 54 54 57 4i 60 2 63 01 65 114 68 10i 504 52 33 04 41 Oi 44 46 111 49 114 52 Hi 56 58 111 61 104 64 10i 67 10 70 9| 52 534 39 9 42 11 45 24 48 3i 51 4 54 41 57 64 60 7i 63 7 66 71 69 84 72 i A further list from the same district fixes the rates to be paid for :>ther important kinds of plating. Into this list the number of frames does not enter it is based simply upon weight and upon length in feet and inches. It is simple and requires no explanation. This list and the two preceding it practically include all that is most important in PLATERS AND RIVETTERS* 41 respect to the prices of plating ships. There is, of course, a consider- able amount of odd work not referred to in these extracts, but provided for in the general lists of plating. In respect to these framing and plating lists it is to be noted that all plates and angles exceeding the above sizes are to be paid pro rata. The list for deck and tank-top plating is as follows : Deck and Tank-top Plating Prices Net August, 1898. Weight. Length. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. it, in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft, in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. ft. in. 20 22 6 24 6 26 6 28 6 30 6 32 6 34 6 Cnder- s. d. 8. d. S. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 8. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. ejcwt. 6 4 6 8 7 7 4 7 8 8 8 4 8 8 9 9 4 9 8 10 10 4 8 7 4 7 8 8 8 4 8 8 9 9 4 9 8 10 10 4 10 8 11 11 4 94 8 5 8 9 9 1 9 5 9 9 10 1 10 5 10 9 11 1 11 5 11 9 12 1 12 5 11 9 7 9 11 10 3 10 7 10 11 11 3 11 7 11 11 12 3 12 7 12 11 13 3 13 7 124 10 10 11 2 11 6 11 10 12 2 12 6 12 10 13 2 13 6 1310 14 2 14 6 14 10 14 12 2 12 6 12 10 13 2 13 6 13 10 14 2 14 6 14 10 15 2 15 6 15 10 16 2 154 13 7 13 11 14 3 14 7 14 11 15 3 15 7 15 11 16 3 16 7 16 11 17 3 17 7 17 15 1 15 5 15 9 16 1 16 6 16 9 17 1 17 5 17 9 18 1 18 5 18 9 19 1 184 16 8 17 17 4 17 8 18 18 4 18 8 19 19 4 19 8 20 20 4 20 8 20 ,. 18 4 18 8 19 19 4 19 8 20 20 4 20 8 21 21 4 21 8 22 22 4 ail 20 1 20 5 20 9 21 1 21 5 21 9 22 1 22 5 22 9 23 1 23 5 2a 9 24 23 ,. 21 11 22 3 22 7 22 11 23 3 23 7 22 11 24 3 24 7 24 11 25 3 25 7 25 11 24J 23 10 24 2 24 6 24 10 25 2 25 6 25 10 26 2 26 6 26 10 27 2 27 6 27 10 26 25 10 26 2 26 6 26 10 27 2 27 6 27 10 28 2 28 6 28 10 29 2 29 6 29 10 274 27 11 28 3 28 7 28 11 29 3 29 7 29 11 30 3 30 7 30 11 31 3 31 7 29 30 1 30 5 30 9 31 1 31 5 31 9 32 1 32 5 32 9 33 1 33 5 33 9 34' 1 304 32 4 32 8 33 33 4 33 8 34 34 4 34 8 35 35 4 35 8 36 36 4 32 34 8 35 35 4 35 8 36 36 4 36 8 37 37 4 37 8 38 38 4 38 8 334 37 1 37 5 37 9 38 1 38 5 38 9 39 1 39 5 39 9 40 1 40 5 40 9 Shipyard Rivetters. This is a section of the trade in which prices are more easy of arrangement and in which important lists are in operation over a whole district under mutual agreement .between associations of em- ployers and workmen. In the Report on Standard Piece Rates, pub- lished in 1894, sections of the list in use in the Tyne and Wear districts were quoted as illustrative of the principle on which such lists are framed. Since that time, however, a new list has come into operation for the Clyde district, and it is now proposed to make illustrative extracts from that list which is typical of those in opera- tion in other localities. On the face of the list it would appear as though the only two elements upon which it is based are number and diameter of rivets. It is, however, apparent that in some form or other the length of the rivets and ,the difficulty of placing and working them must also be factors in fixing the price per 100. Hence lists are necessary which specify not only the diameter of the rivets but also the parts of the ship in which the rivetting is to be done, the nature cf the work in some cases being illustrated by diagram. The list pro- vides tihe price per 100 for rivets from f in. diameter rising by eighths SHIPBUILDING. to 1 ins., but the sizes most commonly in use are f, J, and j, other sizes being paid at proportionate rates. Rivetters work in squads consisting of two rivetters, on holder-up and one or two rivet heaters (boys), as the case may be. The gross earnings of the squad are divided in fixed proportions, based on the standard time rates of wages, although in most cases the boys are , paid a fixed weekly wage. In the case of the Clyde List this proportion is fixed for the men only at Is. to the rivetters and 3d. to the holder-on, but it has recently been decided that the boys also are to be paid by proportion of gross earnings. This list was drawn up and agreed to in 1898 between representatives of the Employers' Association and of the Boilermakers' and Iron Shipbuilders' Society. The great bulk of the rates were mutually arranged, but some, about which the joint committee were unable to agree, were fixed by arbitration. It was agreed that the new list should come into force on August 26th, but the men refused to accept |it, and, to the number of 1,500, came out on strike. The society, however, refused to endorse the action of the men, who re- turned to work under the list in a fortnight. Subsequently, however, the list was revised and the amended list came into operation on the 1st December, 1898. The notes published with the list (page 47) are interesting as indi- cating the nature of the work for which extras are paid, and also what the standard time rates are. The following are selections from important sections of the list, and show the rates per 100 iron rivets for: No. Description of Work. l-in. |-in. Hn. lin. IHn. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 1 Beams on Ground 5 3 6 3 7 4 2 Bulb Angle and Angle Beam Knees, Welded 12 14 15 6 17 6 Ends on every Frame. 2a Plate Knees rivetted to Beam and every Frame, 3 6d. per hundred less than list, Item 2. Bulb Angle and Angle Beam Knees, Welded 14 9 17 6 19 21 Ends on every alternate Frame. 3a Plate Knees rivetted to Beam and every alternate Frame, 6d. per hundred less than list, Item 3. 4 Beam Splices and Lugbits 18 6 18 6 5 Beam Splices and Lugbits, Vessels Afloat, done 25 25 alone. 6 Beam Knee Eivets, Beam Splices, and Lugbits, 7 if set up, 2s. per hundred extra. Beam Knees and Brackets in Deckhouses and 10 10 Casings. 8 Beams, Box or H (Staging hung by Builders) . . 11 6 12 6 14 9 Beams, Carlin Ends, and Lugbits, done alone . . 18 6 18 6 18 6 10 Boats Beams, composed of two angles, flush 16 8 both sides. Do.. composed of Tee Bars 20 11 Bracket Knees for Hold Stringers 11 13 14 3 12 Bulkhead Body Amidship, Snap or Countersunk 7 8 6 10 13 Bulkhead Body, hammered 7 10 9 6 11 Angle or T Stiffeners, when on Seams, 3 ply, 2s. per hundred extra. 14 Bulkhead Closing Plate 16 8 16 8 W 8 16 8 15 & Bulkhead Plate Collar round Shaft, Afterpeak, 25 25 25 25 16 and or Thrust Recess End. 17 Bulkhead Passage, E. and B. Room 7 8 6 10 RIVETTERS. 43 No. Description of Work. f-in. J-in. Hn. lin. li-in. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 8. !. 18 Bulkhead Frame Ring 9 6 11 13 Countersunk Heads rolled up, 2s. 6d. per hun- dred extra. 19 Bulkhead Beam Bar, Double 9 6 11 13 20 Bulkhead Beam Bar and Frame Ring, when Single, 6d. per hundred less. 21 Bulkhead Deck Foundation Angles through Deck (when done with Deck) : 2 -Ply 6 7 8 3-Ply 7 1 8 2 9 1 4-Ply 8 3 9 3 10 2 22 Bulkhead Deck Foundation Angles through 13 14 16 8 Deck (when done alone), 2, 3, and 4 -Ply. 23 Bulkhead Deck Foundation Angles, Vertical 13 14 16 8 Flange, 3 -Ply (Countersunk Heads not rolled up). NOTE. Deck Angles, Vertical Flange, 2-Ply, to be ruled by price paid for Bulkhead Body, Casings, or Deckhouse, as the case may be. 23a Do., if Heads rolled tip, 2s. 6d. per hundred extra 24 Bulkhead Bracket Knees, Rivets through Stiff- 16 8 16 8 16 8 eners, clear of Tank. 25 Bulb Plates Rivetted to Bulkhead Stiffeners, if 13 3 14 3 16 4 done alone. 26 Bulb Plates Rivetted to Bulkhead Stiffener.-, if done with Bulkhead. Bulkhead price. 27 Bulkhead Bracket Knees, Rivets through Ballast 25 25 25 25 Tank Top (Heads rolled up). 28 Bulkhead Poop, Bridge and Forecastle Fronts 6 10 7 10 8 10 29 Bulkhead Fore and After Peak Tanks (all over) 12 6 14 16 NOTE. Rates not to include so-called Packing Stopper Rivets. If packed Is. 6d. extra on all sizes. Where Bars have to be moved to get these Rivets in owing to bad work on Platers' part, 30 Rivetters to be paid extra for this. Bulkhead in Water-Ballast Hold Tank (to 9 6 10 6 12 If ham- height of tank). mered 31 Bulkhead Longitudinal in Hold Tank to Tank 9 6 10 6 12 up both Top. sides 2s 32 Bulkhead Longitudinal from Tank Top to Main 10 11 12 6 6d. per Deck (if wide pitched). hun- 33 Bulkhead Longitudinal from Tank Top to Main Deck (if at ordinary Bulkhead pitch). 9 10 11 6 dred extra. 34 Bulkhead Angle Iron Collars (Heads set up) . . 33 4 33 4 33 4 NOTE.- Rivets to be hammered by Rivetters on both sides, bevelled hammers to be used. 35 Bulkhead Angle Collars at end of Ballast Tank 33 4 33 4 33 4 (Heads setup). NOTE. Rivets to be hammered by Rivetters on both sides, bevelled hammers to be used. 36 Bulkhead Plate Iron Collars and Angle Iron 25 25 25 Collars on Stringer Plates (Heads set up). NOTE. Rivets to be hammered by Rivetters on both sides, bevelled hammers to be used. 37 Bulkhead Watertight Hinged Doors, flush (done 10 6 11 (3 13 in shed). 38 Bulkhead Watertight Door Hinges, done alone, 25s. per hundred. 39 Bulkhead Watertight Door Frames, done alone 13 4 14 5 16 1 (Heads rolled up.) * * :;: # * 51 Ballast Tank, Wells (double bur), if done in 16 4 17 2 18 3 place, Heads rolled up. 52 Ballast Tank, Wells (single bar), if done in place, Heads rolled up. 13 10 14 7 15 9 53 Ballasit Tank, Margin Plate Bar and Lugs (when 11 12 13 frame legs are down), Heads rolled up. (Heads pared and set up, 2s. 6d. per 100 extra.) 54 Ballast Tank, Margin Plate Lugs (when frame 15 6 18 tf 20 10 legs are up, or when knocked down between Floors) Heads rolled up. 55 Ballast Tank, Margin Plate Bar and Lugs (when 20 10 20 10 20 10 shell is plate:!), Heads rolled up. SHIPBUILDING. No Description of Work. f-in. Ha. Hn lin in. s. d. s. d. s. d s. d. 56 Ballast Tank, Margin Bar to Shell, Heads rolled 12 6 13 6 14 6 16 8 up (6d. extra where Shell Butts overlapped). *NOTE. -Packed work in this case and all other similar cases to be made ready for Rivetters. Heads pared and set up, 2s. 6d. per 100 extra. NOTE. 5s. is the price for paring and setting up, credit being given for Rolling up, viz. : Heads rolled up, f Rivets, = 13s. 6d. minus 2s. 6d. for not being Rolled up = 11s. 11s. plus 57 5s. for paring and setting up = 16s. Ballast Tank, Fore and Aft Rivets through 12 6 13 6 14 6 58 59 Frame -Brackets and Angle, on Margin Plate, single (double, Is. per 100 extra). Ballast Tank, Margin Plate, Staple Knees, both flanges (Heads rolled up). Ballast Tank Top- 13 6 15 6 18 6 Up to 10-20ths in 7 1 8 1 9 2 ll-20ths and 12-20ths in 10 3 11 3 13 13-20ths and 14-20ths 13 4 15 15-20ths and 16-20ths 15 7 17 20 17-20ths and 18-20ths 22 25 19-20thsin 24 27 Advancing 2s. per 100 for each l-20th increase of thickness of Plate. NOTE. Where more than three Girders on each side of middle line, Is. per 100 more per extra Girder, as far as the extra Girders extend. 60 Ballast Tank Top Centre Strake, done alone, 6d. per 100 extra. 61 Ballast Tank, Manhole Rings, if done alone 20 10 20 10 20 10 62 Ballast Tank, Vertical Through Plate Keel 10 6 11 6 13 (before Frames are up). 63 Ballast Tank, Vertical Through Plato Keel (after 11 6 12 10 14 Frames are up). 64 Ballast Tank, Vertical Through Plate Keel 18 19 20 10 (Packed, watertight work, before or after Frames are up), Heads rolled up. 65 NOTE. If pared and set up 2s. 6d. per 100 extra. Ballast Tank, Side Intercostals 9 1 10 8 11 9 66 Ballast Tank, Centre Through Plate or Inter- 10 6 12 13 6 costals connected to Floors (single angle). 67 Ballast Tank, Centre Through Plate or Inter- 11 6 13 14 6 costals connected to Floors (double angle). 107 Deck Stringer Plates and Angles, Ties and Deck- 6 8 7 9 9 6 12 15 work, Upper and Main, including Bars up to 12-20ths in. thickness. Advancing 6d. per hundred for each l-20th in. thickness of Plating above 12-20ths. 108 109 Deck Stringer Plates and Angles, Ties and Deck- work, Poop, Bridge, and Forecastle. Deck Stringers, Lower 6 6 7 9 7 6 8 9 8 6 9 9 110 Deck Stringers, with Double Straps (all Decks), 2s. per hundred extra, for Strap Rivets only. 111 Deck Stringers. Bars done alone, 6d. per hundred extra. 112 Deck Body, Upper, Main, and Lower 6 7 8 113 Deck Stringers, Lower, on Bracket Knees, in- 9 10 11 114 cluding Bar Bumps and Facing Plate. Deck and Stringers, Fore Peak, if done after 13 15 6 16 8 Shell is on. 115 Deck and Stringers, After Peak, if done after 13 15 6 16 8 Shell is on. 116 Deck Stringer Bars, After Peak, if done after 14 16 6 18 Shell is on. 117 Deck (Main) Stringers, and loose Deck Work, 12 6 14 15 round Stern, if done after Shell is on. ) * In reply to an inquiry, the . Arbiter, states that this item refers to soft packing in, thick and upwards, and does not apply to ordinary felt or canvas "packing. RIVETTERS. No. Description of Work. Hn. f-in. i-in. lin. li-in. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 118 Deck (Main) Stringer Bars, round Stern, if done 12 6 14 15 after Shell is on. 119 Deck in way of E. and B., after Boilers are 10 11 1 12 2 120 shipped. Deck Face Plates on end of Beams, Promenade 16 8 16 8 Deck. NOTE. This means Bar, or Plate and Angle on Outer End of Beam for Shelter or Promenade Deck. ::: * * * * * 9 157 Jack Stays on Masts, Patent 17 6 17 6 17 6 158 Jack Stays on Masts, Built 15 15 15 159 Keelsons, Centre, Side and Bilge, 2 and 3-ply Up to 7-inch United Flanges 8 11 10 ,,8 11 3 13 6 9 13 15 11 ,< 14 6 16 6 21 1 12 15 6 17 6 22 3 13 , , 16 6 18 6 23 4 14 17 6 20 24 4 Where 4-ply, 2s. per hundred extra on all sizes. Where Keelsons formed of Single Angle Iron only, 2|d. per rivet. If four or more rivets in each Frame and Lug, Keelson rate. Fore and After Peaks, 40 per cent, extra 159a Keelson Brackets, through Bulkheads and to 15 20 25 30 Keelsons. 160 Keelson, in E. and B. room in way of Hi?h 161 Floors, by arrangement. Keel Bar Slab, li in., 31s. 6d 24 6 28 6 162 Keel Bar Solid, H in., 29s 22 26 163 Keel Flat-plate Straps and Bars (when frames 17 21 26 3 29 6 are up). 164 Keel Flat-plate Straps and Bars (when frames 12 7 16 6 22 3 25 6 are down). 165 Keel Flat-plate Straps, Bars, and Seams 12 1 15 4 20 23 6 166 Keel Flat-plate Seams (done with shell) 11 9 14 9 18 22 167 Keel Flat-plate Seams, E. and B. Room, in way of High Floors, Is. per hundred extra. 168 Keel Flat-plate Doubling Plates outside and inside 5s. per hundred extra over foregoing 169 rates, including 4-ply. Keel Flat-plate dished at Stem and Stern, by arrangement. * * * * 203 Shell, Plain Berth, up to and including 13-20ths in. thickness of Plate. 7 3 8 3 9 3 11 3 14 6 Advancing 6d. per hundred for each l-20th in thickness of Plate, up to and including 15-20ths, and Is. per hundred for each l-20th above lo-20ths. (The thickness of outside 204 strake to regulate this extra). Shell, including E. and B. Room, under Tank top, Is. per hundred extra over Shell rate, inc luding rivets Flat Keel Plate seams. 205 Shell, E. and B. Room (without tank), in way of Deep Floors and Double Reverse Bars to height of Bilge Keelson, Is. per hundred extra over Shell rate. 206 Shell, E. and B. Room under tank, if with more than three Intercostals on each side, Is. per hundred extra over Shell rate in clause No. 204. SHIPBUILDING. No. Description of Work. f-in. S-in. i-in. 1-in. U-in s. d. s. d. s. d. >*. d. s. d. 207 Shell, with Bunkers in, ends taken down, 3d. per hundred over Shell rate, in wake of Bunker. 208 (If closed in, Is. per hundred extra.) Shell, Bow Berth, to height of Main or Upper Deck, Is. 2d. per hundred extra over Shell rate. 209 Shell, Bow Berth, with high floors, 2s. per hundred extra over Shell rate, for very fine bows (to height of floors). NOTE. When Holder-up is compelled to use long-shafted hammer, then prices by arrange- ment. 210 Shell, Second Bow Berth, if with Chain Locker, when bulkhead extends to Ship's side, 3d. per hundred extra over Shell rate, to top of Chain Locker. 211 Shell, Stern Berth, 2s. per hundred extra over Shell rate. 212 Shell, Stern Berth (Steamer's) below Lower or 213 Orlop Deck, by arrangement. Above Lower Deck, 4s. per hundred extra over Shell rate. Shell Counter 7 3 8 3 9 3 11 3 214 Shell Gunwale Bar, Shell rates. 215 Shell Gunwale Bar, with heads hammered or rolled up inside, 2s. 6d. per hundred over Shell rates. 216 Shell Gunwale Bar, if pared and set up, ns. per 100 over Shell rates. 217 Shell Closing Plates .. .. ...... 10 5 11 6 12 8 14 11 218 Shell Double Straps (on straps only), 2s. per hundred over Shell prices up to and including 10-20ths in thickness of outside Strap ; above 10-20ths and up to and including 15-20th*, 3s. per hundred over Shell prices ; above 15-20ths 219 4s. per hundred over Shell prices. Shell Overlapped Butts Inside and Outside Strake, 8d. per hundred extra, as far as the overlap runs. Outside Strake only, 4d. per hundred extra (if scarfed by machine, halt' rate). 220 Continuous Doubling Plate through length of Eivetting Berth, 2s. 6d. per hundred extra over Shell rate. If Doubling does not extend through length of Bivetting Berth, 3s. 6d. per hundred extra over Shell rate. If Doubling is an Inside Plate Ri vetted with Shell, to be Shell price. 221 Shell Chocks, through Stringer (before Shell 7 11 8 11 9 11 is on). 222 Shell Chocks, through Stringer (after Shell is 9 2 10 4 11 6 on). 223 Shell Chocks, done alone (both flanges) 10 8 11 5 12 2 224 Shell Chocks, Fore Peak (done alone), but not 15 16 8 watertight. 225 Shell Chocks, Aft Peak (done alone), but not 22 9 22 9 watertight. 226 Shell Chocks, through shell, including Peaks, Shell price if done with berth. 227 Shell Chocks, Odd both flanges Odd Rivet price. 228 Shell Single Landing, Od. per hundred extra over Shell price. 229 Shell of Yachts, 7 per cent, extra over Shell price. NOTE.- (a) Where derrick causes stoppage of work, or interferes with Shell Rivetters' staging, an allowance not exceeding 20s. shall be made to the squad so interfered with. In order to obtain such allowance, attention must be called to the obstruction when it arises. (b) Where bottom plating under tank is clinker built on two or more strakes on each side, with overlapped butts, an extra rate per hundred, for rivets through the clinker, strakes to be paid of 3d., 6d., 9d., and Is., for f-in., f-in., 5-in., and 1 in. rivets respectively. # # * * RTVETTERS. 47 NOTES. 1. Slips put in by Builders, on time or piece at Builders' option, and are to be put in before men start on berth. 2. Rivetters' Time Wa^es, 7d. per hour. 3. Holders-up do., 5^d. do. 4. Rivetters at Old Work, 8d. do. 5. Holders-up do., 6d. do. 6. Repairs at Old Work on Slip or Dock 30 per cent, over piece-work rates this to apply to rivetting old material or new material to old (e.g., all repair work of damage by action of sea, collision, stranding, etc.). Where new material only is being rivetted extra is to be 10 per cent, (this applies to all lengthening jobs or extensions, such as joining poop to bridge, or bridge to forecastle, including new decks, etc., but does not apply to odd plates). For work not mentioned in foregoing list, if the men push on in a fair and reasonable manner, 8s. per day will be allowed to Rivetters; Holders-up, 6s. per day. 6s. allowed per squad shifting from new work to Slip or Dock on piece-work. 7. For all Oil Tight Work in way of Oil Compartments in Oil Carrying Steamers, 10 per cent, over foregoing list. All other parts of these vessels to be done at the List rates. 8. Steel Rivets 5 per cent, extra on all sizes. 9. Holders-up inside Cellular Tanks, Is. per day allowed. 10. Overtime to be paid at 50 per cent, on time rates. Each day to stand for itself. 11. Any obstruction or job not priced, to be mutually arranged between the employer and the men who are doing or to do the work. 12. Rivets of intermediate diameters to be paid for at proportionate rates. 13. Channel Frames in connection with Shell, 3s. Qd. per hundred extra, through Channel only, of 12 in. and under, in width of Channel. 14. Channel Beams in connection with Decks, Is. per hundred, through Channel only, and of 12 in. and under, in width of Channel. 15. Allowances or extras not to be subject to advances or reductions of wages. N.B. 1. Each strake in each berth is to be paid for according to thickness of plate and size of Rivets as provided for in List. ,, 2. There are cases where the heads must of necessity be rolled up, and the prices in the list cover this; but when men are asked to "roll heads up," where not usual, or specified, 2s. 6d. per hundred extra to be paid. The foregoing prices shall come into operation as from and after 1st December, 1898, subject to an advance of 5 per cent, on piece rates and d. per hour, or 2s. per week on time rates, being the two advances (see below) which were current as at 1st December, 1898. No alteration in or variation from this list to be made by either side without one month's notice, and no other prices shall be paid or received for the work detailed in the List without the sanction of the Rates Committees on both sides. REDUCTIONS AND ADVANCES SHOWING PERCENTAGES OFF AND ON THE PRICES IN RIVETTERS' LIST. ADVANCES. 1st July, 1898. per cent, on piece rates. per hour, or Is. per week, on time rates. 26th August, 1898. 2 per cent, on piece rates = 5 per cent, on List. \d. per hour, or 1*. per week, on time rates = $d. per hour on rates specified above. 48 SHIPBUILDING. Caulking and Cutting. In the Report on Standard Piece Rates, published in 1894, a list in operation on the Tyne and Wear was quoted as illustrating the manner in which payment for this kind of work is arranged between employers and employed. The men engaged in this work form a section of the Iron Shipbuilders' and Boilermakers' Society, which takes pairt in the formation of the lists and attends to their observance. F.or the purposes of this report a list of caulking and cutting prices agreed to in August, 1897, between a shipbuilding firm in the Belfast district and the above-named society, will be used. In caulking, which is an operation necessary to tightly close the joints of plates and other parts of a ship, and in cutting edges, " straightaway work," such as shell or deck joints or seams and some parts of tanks, the list fixes payment by the yard, whereas in respect to work of irregular shape, or not easily measured, payment is fixed for the specified piece of work, or by special agreement. The list fixes the rate for iron only, and steel is paid for at a certain percentage higher (generally 5 per cent.). The following extracts are from the list referred to : Bulkhead Passage Holes, Punchmarks cleaned off, cleaning scale. and Bunkers, Plates and Bars caulked, 2d. per yard. Foundation Bars on Cellular Bottom, Tank Top Flange Caulked, 3|d. per yard. Bulkhead 3|d. Butts Caulked, 3d. each. Frame, Hold, and 'Tween Decks, Bulkhead Flange. Caulked, 2M. per yard. Shell 5id. Butts 3Ad. each. Bulkhead 2*d. Bulkheads forming Peak and Deep Tanks (pressed 8 ft. head and over) Plates and Bars Bulkhead 'Shell Liner Plates~, Butts way of Deep Tanks, Wedged, Caulked, and Finished. 2d. per butt. Cutting Table, Straight Solid Cutting - Thickness of Material . . ^ 2 % 1% M & T"S & rs A A 2 A Price per Foot .. 3d. 4d. 5d. 5fd. 7d. 8d. Thickness of Material .. ^^ && *2 & $ & & v** 1 -* ^^ Price per Foot .. 10d. Hid. Is. Id. ls.2d. Is. 3d. ls.4id. ls.6d. Over 1 inch to rise in proportion. Decks and Deck Bars caulked, 2d. per yard. Decks, edge and edge, caulked, 5d. per yard. Decks, Butts chipped, cleaning scale. Decks, Scarphs cut, id. per inch. Engineer's Holes in shell cut circular through plating, J in. thick and under per inch diameter, 2$d., f in. and under, 4d., over f in. Id. per ^th on each extra &th in thickness. Engineer's Holes in Shell, cut square, per lineal foot, through plating s. d. 9 per foot. 1 IB 1 6 1 9 2 Up to Keels, flange < < in thick in and over in in d plate, knuckles cut- 11 14 12 15 13 16 TFT 20 TS 2O" TB &6 to. lOd. lid. Is. Is. Id. Is. 2d. Is. 3d. Shell caulked, 3Jd. per yard. edge and edge seams, 5d. per yard. Shell Butts caulked edge and edge, 5d. per yard. chipped, depth of cut & in. and under, 5d. per yard. cut, I in. and up, straight cutting scale. Plate Corners, when rounded from 1 ins. radius up, 2d. each. Landings Stem and Stern Scarphs, cut when cutting Scarph, included in rate for Scarph. Wedges, fit and caulk in thick Scarphs or wide Liner Butts, 2d. per Scarph or Liner. Machined Scarphs, cut to let in plate landings, per agreement. Butts, edge and edge chipped, per cleaning scale. Straps caulked (outside), Is. 5Ja. each. Stem and Stern Scarph Butts caulked, nothing extra. Scarphs cut under f in. thick, Id., f in., l$d., H ins., l^d. per square inch, over 1 ins. to rise in proportion. BOILERMAKING. 49 Tank (Cellular Ballast), Centre Longitudinal, Plates and Bars, caulked, 3}d. yard. Top Landings cut, | in. thick Plates, B.}d. each, { in., 5d. each, 1 in. up, 8d. each. ,, ,. Divisions, Shell and Top rivetted, chip and caulk (planed bars), 3s. 2d. per space. Divisions, before Shell and Top plated, chip and caulk (planed bars), 4s. 5d. per space ; if bars have not been planed or sheared, chipping extra. end Floors, Flan are on Floor, caulked on ground. 3fd. per yard. Tank Top Side and Shell Flange (joggles included), Hid. per finished yard. ,, Bar Butts, 2d. each. Margin Plates, Top Knuckles cut off, 3fd. each. ., Notches cut for well, 3f d. each. Margin Bar, Tank Flange, caulked, 3^d. yard. Shell Flange, caulked, 5|d. yard. Butts caulked, Tank Flange, 2d., Shell Flange, 3fd. each. Extreme ends of Tank to shell, Wedge caulk, &c., 5d. i- Plate joints, caulked, 2d. each. V Joints where Shell landing crosses, caulk and finish, 8d. ,. Corner of Weld on Shell I- lange, if cut round, '_'d. each. ., Bosom Pieces, caulked Shell on, 5^d. per yard. > to Shell, Liner, Joggles caulked and made up, single, Hid., double, Is. Id.. treble, Is. 3d. .. Fresh Water, Plates and Bars, built in ship, caulked, 31d. yard. Bar Butts caulked, 2d. each. Corner Shoes in bottom of Tank, caulked, 11 Jd. each. Flange of Beam, chip and caulk outside or inside, Sjd. per yard. ,, Bulb of Beam, outside horsed, Is. per yard. outside corners made up. 5d. each. Joggles inside made up, 7d. each. i, Plates and Bars, built on ground, caulked, 2^d. per yard. Unusual obstructions and new items of work not mentioned in list are to be settled by agreement with foreman, and, failing this, the work is to be done on time. Caulking plates sheared from wrong side, Id. per yard extra. Work done on swinging stages ailoat (lights excepted) to be paid 6d. each time stage is shifted. One month's notice to be given on either side before any alteration can be made in the foregoing rates. If any dispute arises work is to proceed pending settlement. Signed on behalf of, &c., BOILERMAKING. Rivetting, &c. In boiler-making although the rivetters adhere to the system adopted in shipyards of working in " squads " and dividing the gross earnings, the work is somewhat different in character. In the former case there is a greater variety of operations to be performed, the rivets commonly used are larger, and as boilers have now to work under extremely heavy steam-pressure, greater exactness is required. .The weekly time wage is, therefore, somewhat higher than on ship work. There is no general list in use for this class of work, but there are some firms which have printed lists for regulating piece work prices. The list quoted below for the purpose of illustration is that of a firm of marine engine builders on the, Wear. This list was arranged in 1879, and is interesting as illustrating a. A difference in principle as to the basis of the standard as compared with rivetting in shipbuilding. 6. The conditions laid down for securing good work and preventing the tendency to " scamp," which is sometimes alleged to be an evil of the piecework system. In shipbuilding the piecework standard for ordinary rivetting is so much per 100 rivets. In the case of the present list for the plainer forms of boiler rivetting the standard taken is so many rivets per hour. At first sight the list seems to indicate a, task work system, under which a certain amount of work per hour is exacted. This is not so, however. The number of rivets per hour is merely a time standard over which all extra rivets are paid for in proportion ; if a less number than the standard i j s finished, the pay is less in proportion. 30321 P 50 BOILERMAKING. In this, as in most other cases, there is the element of a time wage to be taken into account. Thus, assuming that the recognised time rate for rivetters is 8d. per hour, the price paid for nine rivets as per the first two items of the following section of the list would be Sd. for each rivetter in a set: Hi vetting circumferential seams in shell, 1-in. rivets ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 rivets per hour. Kivetting circumferential seams in shell, 1-^Vu 1 ' rivets ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9 Bivetting circumferential seams in shell, 1^-in. rivets ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 Eivetting circumferential seams in shell, IJ-in. rivets 7 Eivetting round furnace mouths, generally -in. rivets 11 Eivetting dome necks, seams across boiler fronts 11 tt Eivetting furnaces, combustion chambers 11 Eivetting domes and gusset plates, and all f-in. and f-in. rivets ... ... ... ... ... ... 11 ,, 50 rivets allowed in each furnace for making joints. Under this system it is obviously the interest of each set of rivetters to put in as many rivets as they can above the standard, as their pay rises in proportion. The tendency to sacrifice quality to> quantity in such important work has, therefore, to be guarded against, and the rules attached to the list provide : a. That work shall be of at least equal quality to that recently in vogue in the establishment, and must meet the reasonable requirements of the works and other inspection. 6. No drift (a rough straightening or clearing tool) shall be used by the rivetters, who will be furnished with a special tool to take ridges off holes if any exist. c. Ten per cent, will be kept off piece prices, as a reasonable guarantee that the work is sound, and any work which, on the boiler being tested, requires to be re-done, is to be paid for out of such ten per cent., and the balance then paid to the men. The further section of the list deals with kinds of work, which cannot be regulated by the above standard, and time is taken as the basis. A given number of hours is allowed for each piece of work. This again is not a " task," but a standard. For instance, taking the first piece of work on this section of the list, 1^ hours is allowed for each joint. Assuming the men's time-rate to be 8d. per hour, the amount allowed for each joint would be 1 s. If, however, a joint is finished in one hour the shilling is earned in one hour, which is 50 per cent, above the time rate, this additional amount being the reward of the workmen for the increased exertion which is pre-supposed as a special advantage of the piece-work system. The following is the time basis section of the list : Platers' Work. Closing joints on boiler shell from to \%, li hours to each joint. three hands. Closing joints on boiler shell from }| to 1 T V 2 three hands. Closing plain plates, shell If ft. per hour. Breaking, ri vetting and caulking screw stays, 4 per hour. two journeymen and a holder up. Caulking screw stays, putting on grummets. 2 washers, and nuts. Driving plain tubes, 2 journeymen and boy ... 10 ,. Beading plain tubes, 21 tubes per 9J hours ... 2] ., Expanding plain tubes, by Thomson's expander 15 ., Expanding plain tubes, by Dudgeon's expander S Breaking off tube ends ... ... ... ... 8 RIVETTBRS, ETC. 51 Platers' Work cont. Cutting dome holes in shell up to I in. thickness 10$ hours each. of plate. Cutting dome holes in shell |f to 1 T \ 11$ ., in dome 4 manholes in dome... ... ... ... 4 handholes 6 in. by 4 in 2$ manholes in shell up to in. thick ... 11 T^tol-ji ... 11| NOTE. Advancing Is. per hole for each T V in. thickness of plate. Paring and fitting large manhole doors in shell 15$ hours. ,, ,, smaller doors in front ... 9 ,, Caulking shell, 3 tools, inside and out planed .. 1 $ yards per hour. Caulking round circumferential seams and cross 1$ seams inside and out. When back or front flange plates are to be chipped, an allowance of 4d. per yard, making, caulking, and chipping shell Is. Id. per yard, or 1 yard per hour. Caulking furnaces, combustion chambers and 2 domes inside and out, rivetter and holder-up, when planed. Caulking furnaces, combustion chambers and 1$ ,. domes, inside and out. rivetter and holder-up, double caulking, unplaned. Cutting round furnace fronts and caulking same 15$ hours. Paring joints of shell, one hand 1$ each. Paring furnace joints, combustion chamber 1 yard per hour. joints, and dome joints, and caulking same. rivetter and holder-up. Caulking rivet heads up to rivets ... ... 10 per hour. NOTE. Each end. Caulking rivet heads || to 1^ 8 ., Cutting, tapping and putting in cleating studs... \\ hours each. The folio-wing list is a copy of one which has been in operation in boiler-shops in the Hull district for several years. Payment is ar- ranged for purely by the hundred for rivetting, by the length for caulking, fullering or cutting, or by the job in other cases : Jtivettttrs 1 Piecework Rates* Iron or Steel* Description of Work. Description of Work. 6 Inches. Per hundred. s. d. rivets ........ 10 6 f ........ 14 1 .......... 17 1 ........ 32 U ........ 27 6 if , ......... 31 6 If , ......... 36 3 I , ......... 49 Caulking on boilers, 6Jd. per yard. tanks, 3d. per yard. screw stay ends up to 1J inches diameter, 8s. 4d. per 100. rivet heads, 8s. 4d. per 100. Fullering, 3d. per yard. Chipping, up to inch in depth, all sized plates, 6d. per yard. over inch in depth to be paid as cutting. Cutting up to i inch thickness of plate, Is. Id. per foot. To advance Id. per foot for each \jth inch in thickness. Longitudinal stays, fixing and finishing Tubes, tapping stay holes . . stay, fitting finishing cutting .. plain, fixing and finishing beading cutting by hand Rivets left by machine .. . 4$ Inside rivetting, 2s. per 100 extra. Overtime to be paid at the rate of 2s. 6d. for 1st quarter. 5s. half. One month's notice of any alteration in these rates to be given on either side. Dated 13th September, 1888. Signed on behalf of the Hull Iron Trades Employers' Association and of the Boilermakers and Iron Shipbuilders' Society. * On the 6th October, 30321 J, these rates were subject to an addition of 10 per cent. D 2 SHIPBUILDING AND BOILERMAKING. DRILLERS IN BOILERSHOPS AND SHIPYARDS. Hand Drillers. In boiler making and shipbuilding a considerable number of men are employed in drilling and tapping (or screwing) holes in the shells of boilers or ships. This is a kind of work which readily lends itself to classification and arrangement for piece price list purposes. In such a listo the size of the hole and the thickness of the plate drilled are the chief elements to be taken into account, and, for plain, straight- away work, the price per dozen holes is fixed on that basis. In illustration of the principle adopted in such a list, three tables may be quoted from a list mutually agreed to between a large firm in the Hull district and its drillers. The tables are Selected as representing three different classes of work, viz., plain drilling, drilling and tapping, and drilling, tapping, and fitting boiler stays. The rates shown were in January, 1900, subject to an addition of 12^ per cent. BOILER SHOP HAND DRILLERS' PIECE-WORK RATES in the Shop and on board of Ships on new work, per doz. DIAMETER OF HOLES Inches. Thickness of Plate. f * 1 1 I 1 H H li U Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. | 7 8 9 10 11 1 1 I 2 1 3 1 4 8 9 10 11 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 9 10 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 1 11 11 1 1 1 3 1 6 8 1 10 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 3 1 5 1 8 10 2 2 3 2 6 2 9 1 5 1 7 1 10 2 2 3 2 6 2 9 3 1 7 1 9 2 2 3 2 6 2 9 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 2 6 2 9 3 3 3 3 6 11 2 3 2 6 2 9 3 3 3 3 6 3 9 4 2 9 3 3 3 3 6 3 9 4 1M 3 3 3 6 3 9 4 4 3 ll 3 9 4 4 3 4 6 Rhymering holes, half drilling rates. Countersinking 10 per cent, to he added to repairs to old boilers DRILLING and TAPPING HOLES, per doz. DIAMETER OP HOLES Inches. Thickness of Plate * i * I 1 i 1 U H If U 11 U ! Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. \ 10 1 1 1 *, ' \ 1 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 I 9 ill 9 1 2~5 2~9 3 1 3~5 3~9 [ *] 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 1 11 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 1 3 5 3 9 4 1 ff 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 SI 1 11 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 1 3 5 3 9 4 1 4 6 " 1 5 1 7 1 9 1 11 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 1 3 5 3 9 4 1 4 6 5 1 7 1 9 1 11 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 1 3 5 3 9 4 1 4 6 n 5 6 1 11 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 1 3 5 3 9 4 1 4 6 5 5 6 6 2 5 2 9 3 1 3 5 3 9 4 1 4 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 1 '.'. 3 1 3 5 3 9 4 1 4 6 5 5 6 6 6 7 H.. 3 5 3 9 i 1 4 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 3 94 1 4 6 5 5 6 6 6 G 7 7 6 8 14.'. _ _ 4 6 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 8 8 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 8 86190 MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. SCREW STATS : DRILLING, TAPPING, AND FITTING, per doz. DIAMETER OF STAYS. Thickness of Plate. I 1 li li li li 1$ If Rate Eate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 8. d. s. d. T5 8 6 9 9 6 10 10 6 11 6 12 6 13 6 9 9 9 6 10 10 6 11 5 12 5 13 3 14 3 A 9 6 10 10 6 11 4 12 4 13 14 3 15 4 |- 10 10 6 11 3 12 2 12 10 14 15 16 5 U 10 6 11 2 12 12 8 13 9 14 P 16 1 17 6 11 11 9 12 6 13 6 14 6 15 9 17 1 18 7 |i 11 7 12 4 13 3 14 3 15 5 16 8 18 2 19 8 12 2 13 14 15 1 16 4 17 9 19 4 20 9 12 10 13 9 14 9 16 17 4 19 20 3 21 JO 1 13 6 14 6 15 8 16 11 18 6 19 9 21 22 11 1A 14 3 15 4 16 6 18 19 20 3 22 2 24 i* 15 16 1 17 9 18 6 19 9 21 3 23 25 1 If 15 9 16 9 17 3 18 18 18 9 19 3 '20 20 6 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 27 3 The screw stays in boiler sides to count as the bottom plate in back end of boiler. Butt straps to count each stay as one and a half stay. MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. The Wrought Nail Trade. In the wrought nail trade the system of payment is by weight, A known quantity of iron is given out to the operatives, and from this a given quantity of nails must be produced. There is, necessarily, in making the nails from the iron rods given out, a considerable amount of waste. Thus in any list for the regulation of prices there must be set forth the weight in finished nails, which must be produced from a given weight of iron. The iron is generally put up in bundles of 60 Ibs., and, as a rule, payment is at so much per bundle. The list, of which an account is given below, is that of June 23rd, 1892, and was mutually agreed to between employers and employed. Prior to the adoption of this list two* others, viz., the 1878 and the 1889 lists, were in operation. The prices for the different varieties of nails made, vary considerably in the three lists, but generally the 1892 prices may be said to be about 22 J per cent, above those of 1889, and 12 per cent, above the 1878 list prices. The 1892 list, less a reduc- tion of 10 per cent., was partially operative at the end of 1893, prin- cipally in the Halesowen District, but it was not until the end of October, 1894, that it was adopted generally throughout South Staf- fordshire, subject to at reduction of 10 per cent., as the recognised standard of prices. In February, 1895, a further reduction of 10 per cent, was made on the 1892 list of prices, which was followed in December, 1896, by an advance of 12J per cent. Since July, 1897, the full 1892 list prices have been paid. MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. In 1894 from 5,000 to 6,000 workpeople were paid according to the list, but owing to the decline in output of wrought nails, due to the introduction of cut, pressed-wire, and other machine-made nails, the number employed ha^ decreased, and at the present time only about 2,500 workpeople are employed. The amount of waste on a bundle of 60 Ibs. varies considerably according to the character and size of the nails to be made, and a scale is inserted in the price list giving the " yield " or weight of nails of various sizes to be produced from a bundle. The various sizes of nails are graduated according to the weight of 1,200 nails. Thus such an expression as " If Ib." in the first column of the following table means a class of nails of which 1,200 weigh If Ib. With regard to this method of calculation a large employer states : " All nails " are made on the basis of 1,200 to the M. or thousand, according "to a very old custom of the trade, but if a workman gives 1,150 " nails in the proper weight of a thousand, that is considered satis- '* factory, as the workman is allowed 50 nails within which to work. The following table shows the yields of nails (classed according to the weight of 1,200) from 60-lb. bundles of iron rods : Yields. Yields. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Weight of nails to be produced from a 60-lb. bundle of iron Weight of 1,200 Nails. Weight of nails to be produced from a 60-lb. bundle of iron rods. rods. Ibs. Ibs. 2i to 4 oz. 30 15 Ib 52i 5 oz. m 16 to 19 Ib 53 6 oz. 33 20 Ib 53i 7 oz. 35 22 and larger 54 8to9oz... 36 10 oz. 36* Cooler^ Fine Essex Hurdle and 11 oz. 37 Woolding. 12 to 13 oz. 39 2 in 50 14 oz. 40 21 in 50 15 oz. 41 2Jin 51 llb.toljlb. 42 Iflb. .. 43 Fine Hurdle. 2 to 2i Ib. 44 9 to 11 Ib. 50 2i to 2| Ib. 45 12 to 17 Ib. 51 3 to 4i Ib. 46 18 and larger 52 5to61b... 48 7 Ib. 49 Fine Tray. 81b. 50 2 and 2J in. 51 9 to 11 Ib. 51 2A and 3 in. 52 12 to 14 Ib. 52 3$ and larger . . . 53 As an illustration of its application we may take the following extract from one of the tables : CLOUT AND SLATE. Weight of 1,200 nails. Price per M. or 1,200 nails. Price per " Yield " from 60 Ib. bundle of iron rods. Ibs. .9 II s. d. 8 81 8} 9 s. d. 16 5 15 2 14 3 13 6 WROUGHT NAIL TRADE. 55 The first column classifies the nails according to their weight per 1,200 as in the table of yields. The second column (which is not given in all the tables) gives the price paid per 1,200 (m= 1,200). The last column gives the price per bundle of 60 Ibs. of iron rods, the yield from which must be calculated according to the special table already given. The above prices are susceptible of a simple verification. Thus taking the top line, the yield corresponding to 1J Ibs. is given as 43 Ibs. The price for 1,200 nadls or If Ibs. is 8d., or at the rate of = d. per Ib. The price for a bundle yielding 43 Ibs. will therefore be 8x4 43 d. = 197d. = 16s. 5d. ? which agrees with the figure given in the scale. This list was published in full in the Standard Piece Rates volume of 1894, but as it is un- necessary to give again the prices fixed by the list, for the different varieties of the same kind of nail, only the better known types of nails are now quoted. Generally speaking, wages are regulated by percentage advances or reductions on this list, but sometimes these movements are confined to one section of the trade only, so that it is extremely difficult to say at any time what the relation of the actual wage rate to the list may be. NET WORKMEN'S PRICES FOR MAKING VARIOUS CLASSES OF NAILS. Agreed upon at a meeting of Nail Masters, held on Thursday, June 23rd, 1892, at the Midland Hotel, Birmingham. The Resolution was " That the New List Prices should be paid on and after July 23rd, 1892." It was decided at the above Meeting that a Copy of this List should be so placed in every Warehouse that all the Workpeople could see the Prices of their respective Nails. Rose Nail*. Rose ^Va'ds. Rose Nails. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per Bundle. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per Bundle. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per Bundle. Ibs. s. d. Ibs. s. d. Ibs. d. 14 1 065 19 9 lj 17 3 7 6 4 20 9 2 13 11 7i 062 22 7 2J 12 5 8 062 24 5 S 11 9 060 26 3 10 2 10 5 10 28 1 M 9 10 11 059 30 3 092 12 058 32 3 10 4 8 11 13 056 34 039 41 084 14 053 36 3 7 4 080 15 052 38 036 5 080 16 051 40 034 54 075 17 050 45 033 6 6 11 18 4 11 50 3 1 Bill Brads Id. per M. less 56 MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. NET WORKMEN'S PRICES FOR MAKING VARIOUS CLASSES OF NAILS cunt. Strong Rose and Strong Flemish, Sharp and Flat. Fine Rose. Clout and Slate cont. Weieht of 1,200 Nails. Price per Bundle. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M (or 1,200 Nails). Price per Bundle. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Length of Nails. Price per Bundle. Ibs. 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 s. d. 5 5 4 10 4 9 4 7 4 5 4 4 Ibs. i ? ? f Bft i 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 28 40 s. d. 94 9f 10 101 10] 10J on 114 1 s. d. 11 3 10 8 10 3 9 10 9 3 8 9 8 10 8 5 8 7 8 7 7 7 6 7 o 7 4 7 1 6 10 6 1C 6 5 6 5 6 3 6 5 3 4 9 Ibs. 20 28 30 40 ins. 2 3 s. d. 4 4 3 11 3 10 3 2 Pound Art //A-. Best Rose and Sample. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per Bundle. Weight of 1,200 Nails. - Price per Bundle. Ibs. 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 32 36 40 45 (4 in.) 60 (44 in.) 70 (5 in.) s. d. 7 6 7 3 7 1 6 11 6 4 6 1 5 9 5 8 5 6 5 2 4 10 4 9 4 4 4 1 3 11 3 9 3 5 3 2 - Ibs. 16 18 20 28 30 45 48 50 60 penny. 6 6 6 8 8 10 10 10 20 s. d. 5 4 9 4 8 4 2 4 1 3 3 3 2 3 2 10 - Barrel Hooks same price. Fine Slate Nails Id. per M. extra. Countersunk Clout. Fine Clasp. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M. (or 1,200 Nails). Price per Bundle. Fine Knee. Ibs. 3| I s P 9 P 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 24 28 L6 N^ f ins. * ? 44 s. d. 1 If 1 if 1 24 1 4 1 4 1 44 1 5 l 54 i? J 1 II 1 11 If n 2 9* s. d. 14 13 2 12 4 12 10 11 8 11 10 6 10 3 9 11 9 11 9 8 9 3 9 8 9 8 4 8 5 7 8 7 4 6 10 6 3 5 6 4 10 4 6 4 3 3 11 Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price perM. (or 1,200 Nails). Price per Bundle. Length Nail of Price per Bundle. ozs. 16 Ibs. !' 3 1 f ? s. d. 104 10* [Of lOf 10| 11 11 11 11 11 11 1 1 1 01 f 1 1 s. d. 1 16 9 194 1 5 1 19 9 17 7 16 6 15 14 5 13 3 12 7 11 9 11 6 10 10 10 o 10 2 096 088 082 080 34 to 4 in. Larger. s. d. 4 4 4 Clout and Slate. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M. (or 1,200 Nails). Price per Bundle. Ibs. I 3 4 s. d. 8 8J 8f U o 94 9| s. d. 16 5 15 2 14 3 13 6 12 8 11 10 Best Fine Id. per M. extra. Extra Fine 2d. extra. Wing Id. extra. Cone-headed Nails same price. WROUGHT NAIL TRADE. 57 NET WORKMEN'S PRICES FOR MAKING VARIOUS CLASSES OP NAILS eont. Fine Countersunk Clout. Clasp Mearn, Mound Welsh. Patent and Dunch 2d. per M. extra. Hobs, Bill Ta<>kets and Steel Bills. Weight Price price of 1,200 P 61 !. *%* per Nails. Nails). Bundle - Rivets. _ j , Ji Weight of 1,200 Nails Price per M. (or 1.200 Nails). Price per Bundle. oz. 12 14 16 18 20 s. a. 7 7 7 7 7 8. Cl. 30 4 26 8 24 6 21 9 19 7 22 7 17 10 ozs. s. d. s. d. Ibs. 8 10 64 64 1 19 1 11 8 li 7 71 16 4 14 10 12 6$ 182 2* 74 13 9 14 6| 149 74 12 3 16 61 138 v| 7f 11 8 18 6 1 1 98 8 10 11 20 6; 18 10 3 8i 10 10 Ibs. H 10 4 11 6f 6| 15 9 13 10 1 9; 9. 10 2 9 9 2 7 12 10 /* 9 j 9 4 2 7 7 11 5 10 6 a 91 10 8 10 8 6 2f 7 097 5 101 8 2 3 74 097 6i Oil 8 31 | ?| 74 8 10 083 6 H 11J 11| 7 8 7 3 3f 74 078 7 1 7 4 71 075 71 1 Of 6 11 4A 71 067 8 1 1 6 11 5 8: 067 9 1 2; 6 11 U 8| 064 10 1 3i 6 7 6 8! 5 10 11 1 & 6 4 7 09 053 12 1 5i 6 4 8 ti 050 13 1 6 j 6 3 9 10 049 10 i o 11 048 12 14 1 044 040 18 44 040 20 24 30 40 5} 8| 2 2 54. 3 10 3 10 037 3 4 Shoe Bills .. .. 2d. less Round Bills .. Id. less Half Fine Hobs .. O4.d. ex. Fine Id. Best . . Id Mock Clinkers . Id. Improved Square 2d. Hand made Square Scupper. up to 4 Ibs. .. 2d. Ditto above 44. Ibs. 3d. Improved Taper up to 4 Ibs. ..3d. Ditto above 44. Ibs. 4d. Weight of Price 1,200 Nails. per Bundle. Hand made Taper up to 4 Ibs. .. 4d. Ditto up to 8 Ibs... 5d. Ditto above 8 Ibs. 6d. Ibp. s. d. Shoe Stubs .. 4d. 5 10 4 Clinkers .. .. 6d. 6 1 Best Clinkers . . 8d. 7 83 French Clinkers . . 6d. 8 79 Snap die Cress, 9 75 10 6 10 Snap Taper and Long Head Irish 12 67 up to 44. Ibs. . . 14.d. Ditto above 4 Ibs. 2d. Fine 3d. per M. extra. Deck up to o Ibs. . . od. ., Ditto above 5 Ibs. 4d. ,, All extras at per M. Hand-made Best Home or Tic ffobs Weight of Price 1,200 Nails. per Bundle. Ibs. s. d. 2 1 2 3 1 2 H 19 4 3 01 17 6 Olfi 7 3 ID i 16 6 3f 15 9 4 15 1 41 14 6 4 13 11 5 13 4 N 12 4 6 12 1 6* 11 7 7 11 4 8 10 8 9 10 1 10 098 11 091 12 9 1 13 088 Best and Fine Flemish Tacks. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M. (or 1,200 Nails). oz. s. d. 1 to 2 10 24. to 4 91 5 to 9 91 10 9| 12 to! 4 9j 16 10 18 to$ 101 24 Best Clout and Flats. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price perM. (or 1,200 Nails). Price per Bundle. Ibs. s. d. s. d. If 11 126 21 o in 11} 111 19 2 s 1 18 2f 1 04. 17 3 1 1 16 7 3 U 2 16 15 4 14 4 4 2 13 f> 44 24 12 4 5 3} 12 2 54 4 12 6 1 5 11 4 6i 1 54. 10 9 7 1 6 10 6 8 1 U 10 2 9 1 81 097 10 ,4 089 Bore Tip Id. per M. less. Fine Flats 2d. per M. extra. Round Pail and Round Trunk Hd. per M. extra. 58 MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. NET WORKMEN'S PBICES FOB MAKING VARIOUS CLASSES OF NAILS cont. Double Deep and Countersunk Horse Tip Nails. Fine Battins. Tenter Lath and Tile Hoote. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price perM. (or 1,200 Nails). Price per Bundle. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M. (or 1,200 Nails). Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M. (or 1,200 Nails). Price per Bundle. Ibs. U If 2 3 4 1 s. d. 11 Hi if 2 P i 8 s. d. 1 5 8 1 3 6 1 2 1 18 9 18 1 17 7 16 6 15 11 15 1 14 5 13 8 13 2 12 9 12 2 12 ozs. Ito2 2i (| in.) 4 5 (i in.) 6 8 (fin.) 9 10 and 11 12 4 1D 14 (I in.) 16 18(1 in.) 20 Ib8. li (li in.) 2 (If in.) 2| (li in.) 3 3i (If in.) 5 (2 in.) 6 (24 in.) 7 (2j in.) s. d. 1: 6i 6i 6: 6 6: 6; $ 7 1\ 8 8^ 8i 8^ 1QJ 10^ 11, n 1 i? !? 11' 1 5 1 6 L ! \ \ Ibs. Ij If 1 4i 5 6 8 9 10 12 14 16 20 24 28 s. d. : 3 j 5 6 6; 7: 7i 9; 10; i 1L 2 2; 2 3; 2 5; 2 8 2 9^ 211 3 U 3 4 3 7 E s. d. 220 15 7 11 8 9 10 7 5 6 130 106 18 5 16 10 17 14 10 13 9 13 2 12 6 11 7 10 9 9 11 093 087 084 077 6 11 Hound Heads. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M. (or 1,200 Nails). oz. 7 to 10 12 to 20 Ibs. i! s. d. 81 8| 9 9i Round Bill 3d. per M. extra. Fine Hooks 3d. per M. Tuckers Is. 2d. per M. extra. Fine Tuckers 1*. 9d. per M. extra. Cloth Hooks 9d. per M. Extra Fine 1 above lid. Double Ext 1 in., above 3i Treble Exti 1 in., above 5d Coach Brad d.orer tolSoz., ra 2id. over to d. a 3id. over to s and Fine Flat tra. Round Clout. Weight of 1,200 Nails. Price per M. (or 1,200 Nails) Battins Id. ex Ibs. 2 and 2i f 5 s. d. 104 llj 1 1 3 1 5i Rivet, Stud, and Peg: Makers (Rowley, &c.). A revised list for rivet, stud, and peg making (superseding one of August 1896) came into force after a strike in March 1900, in the Black- SHOE RIVETS AND WIRE NAILS. 59 heath, Rowley, Old Hill, and Halesowen districts. Its adoption re- sulted in an advance of 12^ per cent, in the wages of about 170 persons. The following is the full text of the list : RIVET, STUD. AND PEG MAKING. Prices per cwt. Prices per cwt. Size. Factory Work. Home Work. Size. Factory Work. Home Work. i ElVETS (a) GAS RIVETS. s. d. s. d. a. d. s. d. ' -rg inch | inch 2 3 2 9 ! No. 1 7 6 8 6 H .. 2 5 2 11 1 1 inch* 80 90 1 ;, 2 8 3 2 86 96 f " : * 3 3 4 3 10 3 7 3 11 4 6 Steel, Is. per cwt. extra. s 4 6 5 2 f. 5 5 9 5 6 6 6 STUDS. 0.1 n 6 7 A 7 8n " 3 ! 4 U 7 U 8 11 A inch No.l 7 6 8f\ 8 6 9f\ 5 . 13 . ( 3" 8G U 90 6 7 14 18 V 9 6 o 10 6 Q 24 ,, O PEGS. inch, ^ inch in length, 6d., and all under i inch, Is. per cwt. extra. All tub rivets, I inch 8 6 10 3d. per cwt. extra. All sizes under | inch to be paid for at the same rate. Best'* 7 6 8 9 9 12 13 6 (a) EXTRAS. Countersunk. | inch and upwards, 3d. inch and & inch,4d. ^ inch, 5d. f inch and under, 6d. per cwt. extra. Steel Rivets. | inch and upwards, 3d. i inch and & inch, 4d. ^ inch, 5d. f inch, 6d. All under, 9d. cwt. extra. Other sorts and sizes according to pattern. * Other sixes in proportion. Shoe Rivets and Wire Nails. In this case quite ai different form of nail and rivet is dealt with, and these are made by machinery. The trade is carried on exten- sively in the Birmingham district, and a price list, mutually agreed to by the trade union and the employers, regulates the wages of the operatives, whether engaged on day work or time work. About one-third of the members of the union work by the piece and the remainder by the day. The following is a copy of the list now being 60 MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. worked to, which simply fixes the rate per cwt. for the different kinds and sizes of the articles produced : WIRE, NAIL, AND GENERAL ODDWORKERS ONLY. Gauge. Wire Nails. Wire Clout and Coopers' Hooks. Twisted Nails. Gimp, Coach, Coffin, Eschion. Parquit Pins, Shoe Eivet and Panel Pins. Wire Staples. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 6 4 7 7 7 5 8 8 8 6 1 9 1 3 9 9 7 1 1 10 1 3 10 10 8 1 2 11 i e 11 11 9 1 3 1 9 1 12 11 1 4 2 1 9 2 1 3 13 1 2 4 2 2 1 5 14 1 3 2 7 2 3 2 3 1 7 15 1 7 2 3 11 2 6 2 3 2 16 2 2 10 2 4 3 2 6 2 3 17 2 6 3 6 Roofing Nails, 3 6 3 3 18 3 3 4 6 and 7 Gauge, 5 4 4 6 19 5 and downwards, 6 6 6 20 7 Is. per cwt., flat 8 6 8 21 9 or chisel points 10 22 10 6 6d. per cwt. ex. Oval Nails.- The Intermediate Gauge to count. Example : 6 by 10 to be paid as 8 gauge, 6d. Extras Cutlan or Patent rivets shall be paid 3d. extra to ordinary Shoe Rivets. Thinnest Gauge to count. Round Head Nails, 2d. per cwt. extra. This List does not include Barrelling or Cleaning. FOR PIECE WORKERS OR ITS EQUIVALENT. Gauge 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. S. (\. s. d. Price 1 3 ^ 1 3 1 6 i y 1 9 1 9 2 2 2 3 2 6 3 6 6 7 7 Equivalent Is. 5^d. 2s. 3d. 6s. 9d. Cutlan Pins, or Patent Rivet, 3d. per cwt. extra. Thinnest Gauge to count. DAY WORKERS. For 15 Gauge and upwards, Three Shillings and Sixpence (3s. 6d.) per Machine. 14 Gauge and downwards. Seven Shillings (7s.) per Machine. Cutlan or Patent Rivet, irrespective of Gauge, 7s. per Machine. NJB. No extra Vlachines to be taken under the above prices. 54 hours to constitute a week's work. Time and Quarter to be paid for all overtime. This List does not include Barreling, nor does it apply to Jobbing Shops. Nut and Bolt Making-. South Staffordshire is the chief centre of this trade as carried on exclusively, but a considerable number of engineers, ship-builders, and railway companies, who are large consumers of these articles, produce for themselves. In South Staffordshire wages in the hand- made nut and bolt trade are regulated by a Wages' Board, constituted .of representatives of employers and employed. In 1881 a price list was agreed to between the parties which fixed the rates per gross to be paid for the different kinds of hand-made nuts and bolts in most common use. For machine-made nuts and bolts there is no price list. This price list, with occasional revisions, is still operative in Darlaston, Smethwick, Hockley and Birmingham, and under it the wages of 500 workmen are regulated. In addition to fixing the prices for a large number of varieties and sizes of nuts and bolts, the list provides rules for fixing the price of intermediate sizes and kinds of articles different from those specified in the list. The prices, as per list, are for iron bolts and nuts, but a special rule provides that : " Nuts and bolts made from Bessemer or Siemens Steel be paid for at list prices, and one-half up to \ inch, above that double price." The rules also provide that each hand shall pay 4d. per week for having the " breezes " (small coke) wheeled to his hearth NUT AND BOLT MAKING. ready for use, and for having his health cleaned. Also that all work rejected by the employer or manager as useless, be put on the scrap heap in presence of the maker, and the value of the spoiled iron and breeze be then and there assessed and agreed upon, and the same deducted from the maker at the first pay day. The waste to be the property of the workman after he hais paid for it. Again, where the work is made wrong, and it is possible to bring it in for other orders, the maker is to be paid the list price. The list is easily understood, and the following specimen tables are selected from it: HEXAGON AND SQUARE HEAD BOLTS, SQUARE HEAD DECK SCREWS, AND HEXAGON AND SQUARE HEAD COACH SCREWS AND T HEAD BOLTS. Limit of allow- Sizes. Prices. Additions and Deductions for Deviations from Standard Sizes. ances for Re- ductions from Standard Sizes. Diameter. Width. Thick - llf'SS. Square or oval necks, single or double nibs. Round necks and bolts, headed from square iron. Width incfu- Width above.* Thick- nen up to inclu- sive. Thick- ness above and up to inclu- Width. Thick- ness. A T inclii- JL up to up to inclu- si ve. sive. sive. sive. Per Per See Note A. gross. gross. f + s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. ( swaged J n; ( 10 9 ) i J ( bunted ( swaged 'o ( bunted and * JC and 32 and ^ t and 1 2 1 1 2 10 11 11 05 JO 05 1 15 25 25 55 55 1 1 2 2 ( swaged and and 1 3 1 1 j [o o^ 1J 35 65 1 2 IS ( bunted 1 c 1 * 1 1 2 \ 7 ( swaged 1B I bunted -i! i 1 8 1 8 1 4 1 4 JO 1 25 45 75 1 2 A ( swaged Tff ( 2 1 6 i ] ( bunted bare 1 ' 2 1 6 JO 1 21 45 75 1 2 A A T 9 6 r 2 3 1 y 1 21 4* 75 1 2 i\ 1 1 !bare bare | 2 8 2 n i 3 55 9 1 2 iV j ti ^ !and Iej 3 2 2 3 1 3J 62 11 15 3 A A ) i ft baVe aid 3 6 2 7 o 15 4 8 1 2 25 5 A i 8 * ( ! H 11 4 3 3 2 4 9 1 35 3 6 in i ( l * !' X j ba^e ' 32 4 9 4 2 5 10 1 4J 3 6 ft i i bare JL j i 7 3 4 9 25 6 115 1 6 4 8 iff i u j ba^re VJ 10 6 6 3 7 1 2 1 9 4 8 i J 14 ( 2^ 1 bare bare 13 6 8 6 3 8 1 5 2 4 8 j j ' 11 i! H bare bare 15 10 6 3 9 1 6 2 3 4 8 1 I jg 32 15 bare 1* 19 12 9 3 10 1 8 2 3 4 8 i i A i * For greater deviations in width than \ inch, add the difference bt tween the two columns marked with a t and J to the column marked t once for -,\ extra, twice for f extra, three times for 7 7 S extra, and so on. Best hexagon and square head bolts to be paid for at list prices and one-half. Best best hexagon and square head bolts to be paid for at double the ]ist prices. Deviations from standard sizes to be added or deducted after the above additions for best and best best quality have been made to the list prices. NOTE A." Swaging " is the process of thinning down, and "bunting" that of thickening part of a bolt MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. HEXAGON NUTS. ! Sizes. Additions and Deductions for Deviations from Standard Sizes.* Limit of Allow- ances for Re- ductions from Standard Sizes. Diameter. Width. Thick- ness. Prices. Width up to p in- clusive. Width above A and up to in- clusive Thick- ness up to re in- clusive Thick- ness above ig and up to e in- clusive. Width. Thick- ness. i Per gross. 1 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. K. d i and g 1 * | 11 1 2 1 2 _ A T 9 g and 32 1% 1 2 1 2 . i 8-uiS c 1 2 2 1 2 2 - 03! - < i tl bare & 2 T 9 S 6 9 2 2 2 2 3 4 I H barea 1 !, 11 2 2 4 i r 1& and - 1 1% bare & }| 2 3 2 8 U 2* 3 5 2 3 4 ti If i 3 3 6 4 8 i i r U barest 3 6 3 6 4 08! i i Ill bare & 1 6 4 8 5 10 ! H 1| bare ^ Ji 7 4 8 6 1 i ii 2^ bare gj jl 9 4 8 6 10 1 if 2J bare g 1 . If 12 6 4 8 6 1 I lal 2A bare & li 14 6 4 8 6 1 i * For greater deviations add at the same rate. SQUARE NUTS. Sizes. Additions and Deductions for Deviations from Standard Sizes.* Limit of Allow- ances for Re- ductions from Standard Sizes. Diameter. Width. Thick- ness. Prices. Width up to h in- clusive Width above ig and up to i in- clusive Thick- ness up to i 1 ? in- clusive Thick- ness above iV and up to iin- elusive. Width. Thick- ness. Per gross. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. i \ i M 1 2 1 2 i A; and 5^ ^. 4, 1 1 2 1 2 6 1 2 1 2 ' _7 y 8 1 2 2 3 i 1 1 10 1 2 2 3 if A 1 ' 1 1 1 2 2 4 i I 1J bare 5 X 2 : 1 6 1 2 2 4 2 u ! T a G and & i 1 9 \\ 3 2 4 3 Ii 5 e bare ^ i 2 1 2 8 2h 3 5 6 3 4 6 8 1 Ifi r 1| bare 3 \j 3 6 3 a 6 4 8 i if | bare & i 5 4 8 5 10 r H 1| bare g^ H 7 4 8 6 1 i li 2 T V bare ^ It 9 6 4 8 6 1 s l| 2} bare ;& if 14 4 8 6 1 I 2 T 7 e bare 3 V li 18 4 8 6 1 } * For greater deviations add at the same rate. Best hexagon and square nuts to be paid list prices and one-half. Best best hexagon arid square nuts to be paid double the list prices. Deviations from standard sizes to be added or deducted after the above additions for best and best best quality have been made to the list prices. Bolts and nuts made from Bessemer or Siemen's steel to be paid for at list prices, and one-half up to g-inch, above that double price. CHAIN MAKING. ANCHORSMITHS. 63 Chain Making. The United Chain Makers' and Chain Strikers' Association pro- pared lists of prices for making Admiralty and Trinity House chains, which were accepted by the employers as commencing from January, 1898, and continuing, in two cases, until December, 1900, and in one case until December, 1902. The Admiralty list, which may be quoted in full as illustrating the principle on which payment is arranged for high-class chains, regulates the wages of 320 operatives. ADMIRALTY STUD CHAINS. ADMIRALTY OPEN LINK. END LINKS FOR CABLES. Scale of charges to workmen for Defec- Sidewelded. Specification, 12 inches in the clear. Size. Per link. tive Welds for vari- ous sizes of links as Per doz. s. d. mentioned below. ze. Per cwt. Size. links. A inch 4 s. d. s. d. 1 5 Price per inch . 5 2 inch . 16 "fe 5 Size. link. 4 6 21 22 6 s. d. 3 10 2* 30 I 7 iVinch 3 3 6 2? . 37 8 i 3 3 3 3 52 9 \ 4 3 31 . 80 1 4 3 3j . 117 II 1 2 ] i 5 \(2 strikers) 3 5 ll 1 4 5 3 5 ADMIRALTY STUD, if 1 6 6 3 4 Endwelded. ]I 1 8 8 i 3 6 Size. Per cwt. l| 1 10 10 s. d. If 2 1 Per doz. f ti .. 20 li 3 1 links. I 16 6 2 3 6 2 s. d. f .. 13 9 2j 4 6 4 fg 2! .. 11 6 21 6 if 6 f 31 H .. 99 2| 7 6 ll 45 1 ..83 2l 8 B 2 2 3 !76 66 2 s 9 6 24 2 6 110 1 ..56 i| 12 2 ! 3 li .. 49 3 14 2f 4 ll .. 49 3| ) Day work on 3j \ these sizes. i 4 6 4 6 2^ 5 6 rhe workmen not to be held responsible 3 7 i* any defects in the Iron or Studs. be ground down : OLD FILES. To 6. 7. 1\ to 8. 8* to 9. 9^ to 10. 10$ to 11. 11 to 12. 12$ to 13. 13$ to 14. ~6d~; 8er gross. 6. 4s. 3. 3s. 9d. per gross. 6. 4s. 3d. 5. 3s. Class 2. 1. 3s. 2. 3s. 4. 3s. 3d. 5. 3s. 6d. Class 3. 1. 3s. 6d. 2. 3s. 6d. 4. 3s. 9d. 5. 4s. Class 4. 1. 3s. 9d. 2. 3s. 9d. 4. 4s. 5. 4s. 3d. xiii. Day Men's Wages. Spring Forger, 5s. 6d. per day. 2nd Spring Forger, 5s. per day. Fire and Vice Man, 4s. 6d. per day. Vice Man, 4s. per day. Presser, 3s. 6d. per day. Presser and Tool Repairer, 4s. per day. Youths' 1 and Assistants' Wages. 17 to 18 years, 7s. 6d. per week. 18 to 19 years, 10s. per week. 19 to 20 years, 12s. 6d. per week. 20 to 21 years, 15s. per week. xiv. Hours of Labour. 57 per week. All Traps to be kept under List Weight except I. and II. * The figures at the head of the columns in the lists for rat traps indicate the number of the trap, not inches. CARRIAGE STRAIGHTENKRS. Carriage Straighteners. These are a class of mechanics employed in connection with the Nottingham lace trade. The carriages in which the bobbins are held in lace-making become bent or twisted during the operation, and it is the duty of these mechanics to straighten them. The rate of payment is, as a rule, by the hundred. The following is the list of prices arranged by the trade union, but it is not signed by the employers : LEVERS CARRIAGES. 5 inch and under, 9s. per hundred. 6d. per hundred extra for every inch over 5 inches. 2d. per hundred extra for every Carriage over 30 to the inch. MECHLIN CARRIAGES. o 4 inches, 3D to the ii tid. per i inch after, and 2d. per Gauge after 30 to the inch. All Mechlin Carriages up to 4 inches, 3D to the inch, shall be 8s. per hundred ; 2d. CURTAIN CARRIAGES. 5| inches and under, 7s. 6d. per hundred. 3d. per hundred extra for every \ inch over 5f inches. 21 to the inch and over to be Levers price. ROLLING LOCKER CARRIAGES. 3 inches and under, 4s, 6d. per hundred. 3d. per hundred extra for every ^ inch over 3 inches. ROTARY CARRIAGES. Double Locker, Single Locker, and Fan Tail*, 3 inches and under, 3s. 6d. per hundred. 2d. per hundred extra for every inch over 3 inches. GROOVED MULE CARRIAGES. 4 inches and under, 5s. per hundred. 3d. per hundred extra for every \ inch over 4 inches. PUSHER CARRIAGES. 4s. 6d. per hundred. All day work connected with Carriage Straightening shall be Is. per hour. The list came into operation in January 1897, and affects about 54 workpeople. Brass Trades. This is a trade in which most of the work is done under the piece-work system. The variety of articles now produced in brass is very large, and in the aggregate would occupy several hundred pages of printed matter of this size. The list for casting is comparatively simple, as it establishes a rate per cwt. for different classes of work. 80 MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. The following is a copy of an agreement between employers and workmen, typical of many others in existence in this trade, and which regulates the wages of about 800 workpeople : BIRMINGHAM BRASS CASTING TRADE. General Price List. At Special Conferences of Employers and Workmen, held at the Cobden Hotel, Birmingham, on March 1st and 15th, 1890, the following Price List was agreed to: Fine work double faced single Dried work German silver ... Fender work . Tack work Gas, cock, and fire brasswork Bedstead work Odd side gun metal General odd side and cabinet work Perambulator caps for a whole odd side... Flanges (bicycle and tricycle) for a whole odd side Harness f urnit ure work Umbrella work Mill and forge brasses, for regular work ... Weights, for regular work s. d. 21 per cwt. 18 14 12 12 11 10 6 10 10 8 6 6 6 ie 6 9 6 6 6 6 5 6 4 6 Incidental Charges and Regulations. That for clear metal an allowance not exceeding 7 Ibs. per cwt. be made. That a fine of 6d. each be imposed for the wilful neglect of fire and pots. That a charge of Is. per tub be made for gas when used. That 3d. per cwt. be paid for shaking by motive power. Accepted on behalf of the Employers' Association. Secretary. Accepted on behalf of the National Society of Amalgamated Brass- workers. .General Secretary. January 5th, 1891. For dressing and finishing, the lists are necessarily much longer and more complicated. The list for the dressing of brass hinges of different kinds up to 3 inches in size covers three foolscap pages. The minimuim list for sash fasteners wais arranged and agreed to by the Trade Board of Conciliation in September 1892, and was revised in 1893. Sash fasteners are an article known to all, so this agree- ment, under which 400 workpeople have their wages regulated, may be usefully quoted as illustrating the system adopted in this branch of the trade. BRASS TRADES. 81 MINIMUM PRICE LIST FOR SASH FASTENERS. CLASS I. Cast Sash Fasteners. No. 1. Open box, rising 1 screw, burnished leg and circle : 2* ins., 9d., 2f in.. 10d., 3 in., lid. perdoz. Leer and circle not burnished, 9d. per gross less. With cast stud instead of rising 1 screw, Is. per gross extra. No. 2. Open box. cast stud, burnished leg 1 and circle : 2f in., Is. 2d. 3 in., Is. 4d. per doz. Leg 1 and circle not burnished, Is. Od. per gross less. No. 3. Half box : 2' in., lid. 2f in., Is. 3 in., Is. 2d. per doz. No. 4. Rivetted box : 2 in., Is. 2f in., Is. Id. 3 in.. Is. 3d. per doz. N o. Box : 2| in., Is. 2d. 3 in., Is. 4d. per doz. Xo. . Box : 2f in.. Is. 3d. 3 in., Is. 5d. per doz. No. 7. Broad box : 2f in., Is. 4d. 3 in., Is. 6d. per doz. No. 8. Broad box : 2f in., Is. 5d. 3 in., Is. 7d. per doz. Class I. All cast sash fasteners are priced as sanded and rollered, with plain cast brass knobs and studs, and straight arms. If dead dipped, Is. per gross extra. If not rollered, Is. 6d. per gross less. CLASS II. Stamped Sash Fasteners. No. 1. Stamped box. rising screw, cast circle and arm, dead dipped : 2^ in., 5s. 6d. per gross, in 12 gross lots. Smaller quantities, 6s. 6d. per gross. No. 2. Stamped box and plate, cast leg, circle and stud: 2 in., 8d., 2f in., 9d., 3 in., lid. per doz. Class II. Stamped sash fasteners are priced as dipped, not rollered, with plain brass cant knobs and straight arms. If sanded, Is. per gross extra. If rollered, Is. 6d. per gross extra. EXCEPTIONS. With raised knobs, Is. per gross less. With raised studs, Is. With china knobs, Is. ,, with dipped pins. If burnished, 6d. per gross less. With common Queen Anne knobs, Is. per gross extra. With common Queen Anne studs, Is. With Hopkinson's leg, Is ,, With Hopkinson's leg with steel back. Ms. With quadrant arms, 2s. per gross extra. With arch arms, 3s. With drop circles, 2 in., 4s. 3 in., 5s. Burnishing top of box circle and arm, 3s. per gross extra, with straight and quadrant arms; with arch arms, 4s. per gross extra. Burnishing all over box circle and arms, 2 if in. 6s., 3 in. 8s. per gross extra, with straight and quadrant arms; with arch arms, 2| in. 8s., 3 in. 10s. per gross extra. With jointed arms, 6s. per gross extra; jointed and numbered, 9s. per gross extra. 30321 F MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. Notes. In both classes the employer pays for polishing. Is. per gross extra to be paid for all fasteners priced up to 15s. p extra for all above 15s. per gross, f and 2s. per gross olishing and wiping off. gross preparing for All materials are found by the employers. A sample card of the classified sash fasteners is at the office, 24, Temple Row, and is open to the inspection of members of the Brass Trades Council only. There is als:> one at 70, Lionel Street, for the inspection of members of the Brass Workers' Association only. The price list to come into operation on and after Monday, April 3rd, 1893. (Signed) Members of the Special Committee of Sash Fastener Manufacturers. (Signed on behalf of the Amalgamated Brass Trades Board of Conciliation.) Chairman, Joint Secretaries . The following price lists, under which about 60 operatives have their wages regulated, will be easily understood: CLOCK BELLS. Turning and Polishing. Outside diameter. 2 "inch 2* 2| 22 2| 2i 2* 3 8* 3* 3* 8* ,. Outside diameter. Per doz. . 5d. 3f in< . fid. 4 V . 7d. 4.1 . 7d. 4.1 . 7d. 5 . 8d. 51 . 8d. 6 . 9d. ft* . lOd. 7 . lid. 71 . Is. 8 . Is. Id. 9 . Is. 5d. Deep bells extra. DRESSING PRICES. Per doz. . Is. 5d. . Is. 8d. . 2s. 2d. , 2s. 4d. , 3s. , 4s. , 5s. , 6s. , 7s. , 7s. 6d. , 10s. , 12s. Size i 9s. Steam Gland Cocks. I 12s. i H 17s. lOd. 23s. fid. 31s. 2 inch. 47s. per doz. Size 4s. I 5s. fid. Ga-fi Main ft. 1 8s. 12s. 4 fid. 19s. 2 inch. 36s. per doz. Screw -Down Cocks, Tinned Shank. Size ... 4 i | f 1 1| 5s. 9d. 6s. 6d. 8s. fid. 9s. 6d. 11s. fid. 20. *f 24s. 2 inch. 48s. per doa. From 1872 to 1879 a bonus was paid on the earnings of the work- people under the above lists of 15 per cent., from the winter of 1879 to February, 1890, 10 per cent., from February, 1890, to July, 1896, 15 per cent., and from July to January, 1900, 20 per cent. TIN PLATE MANUFACTURE. 83 Tin Plate Manufacture. Since 1874 a price list for the various operations included in the manufacture of tin plate has been in existence in South Wales and adjacent districts in which this trade is carried on. The list was agreed to in 1874 as between the representatives of the manufacturers and of the workmen. On neither side, however, was the organisation of the trade sufficiently strong to obtain for the list that uniformity of recognition which obtains in the finished iron trade. Nor did it contain any provision for a sliding scale, so that each demand for advance or reduction of prices became a matter for discussion, and often of dispute. The list might be infringed upon in individual cases either directly in the matter of price, or, less directly, by an increase in the number of sheets per box to be produced. Nevertheless, the list of 1874, in a somewhat modified form, is still regarded in some sense as a standard to which appeal can be made. The original list was as follows : LIST OP PRICES ARRANGED IN 1874. List Sizes. Rolling- 3s. 5d. per dozen. Doubling 2s. 9d. ,. Furnacing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2s. 7d. ., Behinding Is. 3d. Shearing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Is. Id. . ,, Bar iron to be cut and delivered to the mills. Furnace- men to open stickers. Annealing 12s., 14s. per 100. Black Pickling- 6s., 6s. 6d. White Pickling 5s. 6d. ,. According to class of work, or by day, as may be agreed upon. Tinning 3d. per box. Washing 3d. Greasing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Id. Sorting 6s. 3d. per day. 3 sets. Resolved, 18th January : " That XX plates and upwards be paid at the rate of 140 Ibs. per box in mills and tinhouses." All allowances for houses and coals will be discontinued when these are paid. Improved processes and changes in the methods of production caused modifications in the list. No new list was mutually agreed to between the parties, but in practice it was found that certain changes had been accepted. A revised list, showing what those changes were, was published by the South Wales, Monmouthshire and Gloucestershire Tinplate Makers' Association in 1891. The list, even as it now stands, is not observed in every case, but it is generally quoted as the standard rate, and changes in wages are stated in percentages upon the 1874 list. Advances granted to about 15,000 workpeople in August and October, 1899, brought wages up to full list prices, and these rates were still being paid at the 30321 F 2 84 MISCELLANEOUS METAL TRADES. beginning of 1900. The variations from the original list are not numer- ous, and affect only a small proportion of the operations of tin plate making. The following is a copy of the 1874 list as revised in 1891 : SOUTH WALES, MONMOUTHSHIRE, AND GLOUCESTERSHIRE TIN PLATE MAKERS' ASSOCIATION. Rolling Doubling Furnacing Behinding Shearing Annealing ... Black Pickling White do. List sizes do. do. do. 3s. od per dozen! Qf U6 gheetg c 2s. Bars to be cut and delivered to O , p -Jr [ the mills. Furnacemen to open stickers 10s. 6d. per 100 boxes. Payment according- to circumstances. Tinning ... List sizes 3d. per box. Washing do. 3d. | Of 114 sheets Washing by I ... do. 2d. for the first 5,000 boxes I 014x20. Apprentices f ... do. 2d. f or the second 5. 000 boxes [ Dipping in Patent Pots do. ld. W.W. Greasing ... ... do. Id. J to be paid for Sorting ... ... ... . ... ... ... ... Id. per box Boxing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4s. per 100 boxes Plates and all above to be paid for at the rate of 14< Ibs. per box in mills and tin-houses. Swansea, January 1st, 1891. At the present time further changes in methods of working have slightly altered this list. The points of alteration are : " Washing by apprentices " is now discontinued ; " opening stickers " is not now done by furnacemen, but by other men, certain deductions being made on this account from the furnacemen; the term "payment according to circumstances" for pickling means really according to the kind of labour-saving machinery that may be used in the process ; the rate now most generally paid for "assorting" is that of the 1874 original list, viz., 6s. 3d. per day. Tinplate Working 1 , &c. Government Contract Work. For private work in the chief centres of this trade there are some lists in existence, but these are mostly obsolete, and the trade is subject to so many changes and variations that existing piece rates are merely entered in written books. In March, 1897, a revised list of prices for Govern- ment contract work was drawn up by representatives of the various Societies included in the National Amalgamation of Tinplate- Workers of Great Britain, this list being destined to apply to all towns throughout the country, except London. A separate list was issued for London, higher prices being fixed for the various articles. These lists are not signed by representatives of the employers, but represent the prices below which members of the National Amalgamation are not expected by their Society to work. Many articles are included in both lists, and denoted bv the same reference TINPLATE WOEKING, ETC. 85 uuinber. The following few examples, taken at random, will give some idea of the prices paid in London and elsewhere : Price paid per dozen. LONDON. ELSEWHERE.* MILK CANS. Brass bands found for men. s. d. s. d. (5 gallon . . . 56 42 46 38 2 ", .. .. .'. . .. .. 38 33 8 quarts . . .... 22 18 6 6 19 6 16 5 18 14 6 FISH KETTLES. 19-inch plates pierced for men . . 31 30 ,. . if tops stamped . . 24 23 18 ,. 28 27 .. ,. if tops stamped . . 23 22 17 ,. 25 24 l) if tops stamped . . 20 19 15 20 19 , if tops stamped . . 16 15 LAMPS. Brass engine lamp, dome top, flue large . . each and corner moulding stamped, 8 8 7 6 all piercing done and planished, solder cleaned off for men. middle .. 6 11 6 3 ,, small 5 4 6 small 4 5 4 Mast head lamps, copper, tops stamped 17 15 6 Poop lamp, stern 22 20 top 23 21 * Including Birmingham, Bilston, Bristol, Coventry, Exeter, Oldham, Wolverhampton, Worcester, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh. In all 3,950 men are estimated to be affected by these lists, viz., 1,360 in London, and 2,590 elsewhere. 86 TEXTILE TRADES. COTTON SPINNING. THE price lists for the regulation of wages in the cotton trade ci Lancashire and Cheshire are very complicated and technical in their character, but they are now very complete, being the result of long experience and special knowledge. For many years there have been spinning price lists in operation in different centres of the trade, but the two principal lists, which regulate the wages of the greajt majority of the spinners in the trade, are those of Bolton and Oldhain. The principles upon which the two lists are based differ somewhat, and they must be discussed separately. Broadly speaking, the Bolton list provides for payment by weight, the Oldham list for payment by length. There is, however, not much force in this distinction, inasmuch as a given weight of yarn spun, of a definite fineness, ought to give a definite length. The Oldham list is gradually superseding the local lists of many other districts. It prevails entirely in Oldham and the immediately surrounding district, as also in Rochdale and Heywood (for coarse and medium counts), and in Littleborough, Huddersfield, Salford, and Warrington. It operates partially in Preston, Burnley, Blackburn, Hyde, Stockpcxrt, Bury, Darwen, Pendlebury, Bolton, Ripponden, Manchester, Mossley, and Stalybridge. It is impossible to say to what extent this partial adoption of the Oldham list has yet affected these centres, but the following general estimate as to the numbers of members of the Spinners' Unions, paid under various lists at the end of 1893, was given by the Secretary of the Oldham Spinners' Associa- tion : "There are 18,850 spinners enrolled in the Amalgamated " Society of Cotton Spinners ; of these, 10,000 are paid under the " Oldham list, 4,000 under the Bolton, and the remainder under other lists." The figures he now supplies show that in April, 1899, there were 17,847 spinners and twiners in the Society, and of these, 9,100 were paid under the Oldham list, 4,000 under the Bolton, and the remainder under other lists. It is, however, possible that these figures, dealing with members of the trade unions only, may not account yufficiently for the general tendency to a more extended adop- tion of the Oldhain list. Some preliminary explanation of the terms used is necessary for the comprehension of the lists. The cotton spinning machine is called a " mule," and the operative, who usually attends to two mules, is called a " minder " or " spinner." Mules vary as to size, speed, and length of " draw" or travel. Each mule contains many spindles, and the larger the mule the greater the number of spindles. The operative is paid according to the amount of cotton spun ; the quantity spun depends upon the factors already enumerated, together with a few complications into which it is not OLDHAM SPINNERS 1 LIST. 87 necessary to enter, and, therefore, these factors really determine wnat the remuneration of the operative is to be. Each spinner is assisted by two boys or, in some cases, girls, who are called " piecers," and who are generally of different ages, and paid at different rates of wages. They are paid by the spinner and not by the employer, and their wages bear a certain fixed proportion to the minimum list wage of the spinner. In some districts the minder and his piecers are replaced by two " joiners," who share the total earnings of the two mules. The principal duty of the spinner and the assistants is to attend to the machine during the spinning operation, and to take up and piece all broken threads. In addition, the spinner has to supervise generally the working of the machine, and to level up the mules as they wear down. There are many other things to be attended to, such as "stripping," or "creeling," i.e., replacing an empty bobbin by a full one ; "doffing," or taking off the " cops " of spun cotton; "tubing," or placing a small tube on the spindle on to which the thread is wound as the spinning pro- cess goes on; "turning strings," or altering the spindle bands in such a way as to reverse the direction of their revolution. These and a few other matters are in some cases treated as extras, and are paid for by the employers as percentage additions to the rate fixed by the standard scale. The Oldham and District List. The Oldhain and District list of wages for operative cotton spinners was agreed to by the Employers' and Operatives' Associations in January, 1876. Revisions of the list then agreed to have been made from time to time, but, practically, the principle of the original list remains undisturbed. As has been said, the Oldhain list is based on payment for the actual length of yarn produced, each machine being fitted with an automatic indicator or counter which shows the number of hanks (840 yards) spun. If this measuring of yarn were the only matter to be decided, the problem of payment by results would be very simple, but as the yarn produced varies almost indefinitely in character, and as the machinery of production varies also, the matter becomes much more difficult. What the list does, is to establish a simple standard for work carried on under the most ordinary conditions, and from which all variations may be easily regulated. The first element taken into account is the number of spindles in the mule. All other conditions being equal, the mule with the largest number of spindles will spin the greatest number of hanks. The operative at the larger machine, having thus more responsibility and more arduous work than the one at a smaller machine, is entitled to higher remuneration. But the rate paid per length in the case of the large machine is less than for the smaller, the operative having his reward in the increased quantity spun, the olifference being so divided that it is said that the advantage of the improved machine is equally shared by the employer and the operative. The rates of the list, therefore, vary in the first place according to the number of spindles attended to by the -operative. 88 COTTON SPINNING. The next element is the length of the machine's travel (or " draw," as it is technically termed), which may be said to represent the length of cotton that may most safely and conveniently be twisted, drawn out, and wound into " cops " or reels upon the spindles at one operation. Summing this up we have to: take into account 1. The number of spindles. 2. The time in which the 1899 1900 March 27 April 30 2-91 (Id. in the ) 5 * To date from last makingr-up day in January. Bringing wages up to the standard of 1876. Mule Twining 1 . Oldham. Mule Twining. This is a branch of cotton spinning which differs slightly from that already described, and " twiners " are spinners who double yarns which have been spun by the ordinary spinners. The conditions are, however, sufficiently different to require a special list, but, until 1897, this section of the Oldhani trade had no regular list of prices. In September of that year, however, a list for mule twiners was agreed to by the Associations of employers and workmen. In point of numbers employed, this section of the trade is unimportant, and the general principles of the list so nearly resemble those already quoted that only a brief summary of the mule twiners' scale is required. Twiners' weekly wages for counts of 25's and upwards are fixed at 31s. per week for pairs of mules of 800 spindles and less, with 4c?. extra for every 40 extra spindles. For counts below 16's, 2s. per week is to be added, and for counts from 16's to 24's inclusive, Is. per week. The rates for extras claimed on account of variations in speed were some- what difficult to arrange, but it was finally agreed that amounts of from 4d. per second for 800 spindles to l\d. per second for 2,120 spindles, with \d. extra for every further 40 spindles, should be paid in case mule- with a 70 in^h draw ran quicker than 3 draws in 56 seconds 94 COTTON SPINNING. when on counts below 60's, and 3 draws in 62 seconds when on higher counts. For other lengths of draw the speed is to be found by pro- portion as in the case of spinning mules. Extras for double decked mules and for tubing, turning strings, breaking out, twining off, labour- ing, &c., are also provided for in the new list. In all twining mules containing intermediate numbers of spindles the scale of wages for the next highest number is to be taken. About 200 twiners are paid by this list, which rises and falls with that of the spinners. Roller Covering at out-workshops. Oldham District. Until the introduction of this list there was considerable diversity in the wages paid. A tentative list was drawn up by the Oldham Operative Cotton Spinners' Association in October, 1895, but the list finally signed by representatives of this and of the Employers' Associa- tion was dated March, 1896. The piece prices agreed upon are as follows : Price per Dozen. PRICES FOR PIECING. d. Two leathers to count one, and all single leathers over 4 inches to count one ........................ 1 FOR CLOTHING ROLLERS. Rings, one thread and two threads at ............ \\ Three or four threads, weft and twist at ... ... ... ... 1^ Speeds, slubbers, and intermediates ... ... ... ... 2 Frames, engine heads, one boss to count ... ... ... 2^ m ENDING ROLLERS. Ending rollers (1 threads excepted), including clipping ...... Of One threads, including clipping ............... 1 CLEARER CLOTHING. All mules, tops, and underclearers ............... 2 One threads, ring clearers up to 14 inches ............ 2 Ring clearers from 15f inches to 18 inches ............ 3 Ring clearers from 20 inches to 24 inches ............ 4 Space clearers under 14 inches ............... 4 Space clearers from 15f inches to 17f inches ......... 6 Space clearers from 18 inches to 24 inches ............ 8 UNDER FLAT COVERING. Speeds and intermediates .................. 2 One boss frames ........................ 2 Double frames ... . ... ... ... ... ... 2 WORSTED CLOTHING. Worsteds Appended to the list are the time rates for apprentices of various ages, together with a provision that journeymen when employed on day work should be paid 6d. per hour. The list applies to five workshops, emplcwving about 85 persons* THE BROOKLANDS AGREEMENT. 95 General Terms of Agreement. At the conclusion of the great dispute of 1892-3 in th^ spinning trade the following settlement, termed the Brooklands Agreement, was arrived at the terms of which, however, were somewhat modified in December, 1897 and as it bears materially upon the question of prices and the manner in which they may be modified or altered, the full text of the agreement as amended is given below : TERMS OP THE BROOKLANDS AGREEMENT OF MARCH 24TH, 1893, AGREED TO BETWEEN THE EMPLOYERS AND EMPLOYED IN THE COTTON SPINNING TRADE. AS AMENDED 24TH DECEMBER, 1897. \Tlie Amendment* are printed in italics.^ 1. The representatives of the employers and the representatives of the em- ployed, in the pending dispute, hereby admit that disputes and differences between them are inimical to the interests of both parties, and that it is ex- pedient and desirable that some means should be adopted for the future whereby such disputes and differences may be expeditiously and amicably settled, and strikes and lock-outs avoided. 2. That the pending dispute be settled by a reduction of sevenpence (7d.) in the pound () in the present wages of the operative cotton spinners, card and blowing room hands, reelers, winders, and others, such reductions to take effect forthwith, and the mills to resume work on Monday next, the 27th instant. 3. That when the employers and employed next agree upon an increase in the standard wages of the operative cotton spinners, card and blowing 1 room hands, and others who participated in the last advance in wages, such increase shall not exceed the reduction now agreed upon, unless in the meantime there shall have been a further reduction of such wages, in which case, should an advance be agreed to, the employed shall be entitled to an advance equal in amount to the last preceding reduction plus the reduction of sevenpence in the now agreed upon, provided always that no application for an increase or reduction of such wages as now agreed upon shall be made for the period of six calendar months from the date hereof. 4. That subject to the last preceding clause, and with the view to prevent the cotton spinning trade from being in an unsettled state too frequently from causes such as the present dispute, to the disadvantage of all parties concerned, no advance or reduction in such wages as aforesaid shall in future be sought for by the employers or the employed until after the expiration of at least one year from the date of the previous advance or reduction, as the case may be ; nor shall any such advance or reduction, when agreed upon, be more or less than five per cent, upon the then current standard wages being pai'1. [Notwithstand- ing anything herein-before contained in this clause, whenever a general demand for an advance or decrease of wages shall be made, the wages of the male card and blowing room operatives may be increased or decreased to such an extent as may be mutually agreed to.]* 5. That the Secretary of the local Employers' Association and the Secretary of the local Trades Union shall give to the other of them, as the case may be, one calendar month's notice, in writing, of any and every general demand for a reduction or an advance of the wages then being paid. 6. That in future no local Employers' Association, nor the Federated Association of Employers, on the one hand, nor any Trades Union or Federation of Trades Unions, on the other hand, shall countenance, encourage, or support any lock-out or strike which may arise from, or be caused by any question, difference, or dispute, contention, griev- ance, or complaint, with respect to work, wages, or any other matter, unless and until the same has been submitted in writing by the Secretary of the local Employers' Association to the Secretary of the local Trades Union, or by the Secretary of the local Trades Union to the Secretary of the local Employers' Association, as the case may be; nor unless and until such Secretaries or n * The words in brackets in Clause 4 were deleted by agreement made between the employers and workpeople on 26th April, 1900, 96 COTTON SPINNING. Committee consisting of three representatives of the local Trades Union with their Secretary, and three representatives of the Employers' Association with their Secretary, shall have failed, after full inquiry, to settle and arrange such question, difference, or dispute, contention, complaint, or grievance, within the space of seven days from the receipt of the communication in writing aforesaid : nor unless and until, failing the last-mentioned settlement or arrangement, if either of the Secretaries of the local Trades Union or local Employers' Associa- tion shall so deem it advisable, a Committee consisting of four representa- tives of the Federated Association of Employers, with their Secretary, and four representatives of the Amalgamated Association of the Operatives' Trade Unions, with their Secretary, shall have failed to settle or arrange, as aforesaid, within the further space of seven days from the time when such matter was referred to them, provided always that the Secretaries or the Committees hereinbefore mentioned, as the case may be, shall have power to extend or enlarge the said periods of seven days whenever they may deem it expedient or desirable to do so. Should either the local Employers? Association or the local Operatives? Association fail to call such a meeting within seven clays (unless by consent of the other side}, then the party which JKIX allied for the meeting shall have the right to at once carry the question before the Joint Committee of the Employers'' Federation and the OperatiiMM' Amalgamation without further reference to the local Association, and should' either the, Employer*' Federation or the Operatives' 1 Amalgamation fail to deal with the matter in dispute within a further seven days then either side shall he 'it liberty to tahe such action as they may think fit. 7. Should a firm make any change which when completed involves an altera- tion in the work or rate of wages of the Ope rat ires which is considered not satisfactory by them, then the firm shall at once place the matter in the hands of their Association, who shall immediately tahe action a* j>er clanse fi, failing which the Operative* Inrolrcd shall hare the right to tender notices to cease work, without further notice to the Employers' Association. When a settlement is arrived at, it shall date from the time the change was made. 8. Every local Employers' Association or the Federated Association of Employers on the one hand, and every local Trades Union or the Federation of Trades Unions on the other hand, shall, with as little delay as possible, furnish to the other of them, in writing, full and precise particulars with reference to any and every question, difference or dispute, contention, complaint, or grievance, with a view to the same being settled and arranged at the earliest possible date, in the manner herein-before mentioned. 9. Tliere sludl )wt he placed upon an// .Joint Committee of the Federated Association and the Amalgamated Association more than one manlier of the local Employers' Association and one member of the local Trade* I'/iion. in addition to the 'r exnect ire Secretaries of those bodies. The rest of the said Joint Committee shall consist of persons who have not locally adjudicated upon the matter in question. It is understood that in case of unavoidable absence of Sea-etanj a substitute mat/ !>/ /iresent to act in same capacity as Secretary. 10. It is agreed that in respect to the opening of new markets abroad, the alteration of restrictive foreign tariffs, and other similar matters which may benefit or injure the cotton trade, the same shall be dealt with by a Committee of three or more from each Federation, all the Associations agreeing to bring the whole weight of their influence to bear in furthering the general interests of the cotton industry in this country. 11. The above Committee shall meet whenever the Secretary of either Federation shall be of opinion that questions affecting the general interest of the cotton trades should be discussed. 12. The representatives of the employers and the representatives of the em- ployed in the pending dispute do hereby mutually undertake that they will use their best endeavours to see that the engagements herein-before respectively entered into by them are faithfully carried out in every respect. The agreement is signed on behalf of the Federation of Master Cotton Spinners' Associations, the Amalgamated Association of Operative Cotton Spinners, the Amalgamated Association of Card and Blowing Room Operatives, and the Amalgamated Northern Counties Associa- tion of Warpers, Reelers and Winders. BOLTON SPINNERS' LIST. 97 The Bolton and District List. The " Bolton and district net list of prices for spinning twist, reeled yarn, or bastard twist and weft on self -actor mules," would appear to be one of the earliest of the lists adopted in the cotton spinning trade for the regulation of wages. It was first prepared in 1858, but since that time has been frequently enlarged and revised by agreement between the Joint Committees of the Master Cotton Spinners' Association and the Operative Cotton Spinners' Provincial Association of Bolton and District. The latest edition of the list is the one agreed to in 1887. As already pointed out, payment under the Bolton system is by weight rather than by length. Length, however, necessarily forms an element in the arrangement of the Bolton list also. Payment is some- times spoken of as being "per 1,000 hanks," which is clearly a matter of length, as each hank measures 840 yards. The price toi be paid, however, is based not so much upon the number of hanks spun as upon a weight of 100 Ibs. spun. Hanks, of course, vary in weight according to the fineness of the yarn produced, and the number of hanks required to weigh 1 Ib. fixes the number of the " count " or fineness of the yarn. Thus, a 32's count means 32 hanks to the pound. Naturally, coarse yarns are more readily spun than fine yarns, and the rate per 100 Ibs. increases in proportion with the fineness of the yarn. In the Bolton as in the Oldha.ni list the amount of twist "put in" the yairn is an important factor in determining the price, and the number of turns per inch " put in " the yarn in spinning must always be taken into account, as will be seen from the lists hereafter quoted. This is a matter expressly provided for in the lists, and there is in use a special rule for calculating the standard turns per inch for any count of yam. The rule varies in different localities, but the rule applied in Bolton and district is : Multiply the square root of the number indicating the count by 3-606 for twist, 3-394 for reeled yarn, and 3-183 for weft. Thus, to find the standard turns per inch for a 36-count twist, we have square root of 36 = 6, 6x3-606 = 21-636, or to two places of decimals, 21-64, the number required. The Bolton list is an elaborate document, and makes up a demy 8vo'. volume of 85 pages. The schedule of general conditions and extra payments is a com- prehensive statement of the standards adopted for different kinds of yarn, and is sufficiently simple to be followed with the explanations already given. It is as follows : Clause I. TWIST STANDARD. Sec. 1. The twist standard price is 21-04d. per 1,000 hanks of 50's count, with 25-5 revolutions of the spindles per inch of yarn, on mules of 420 spindles each. The prices have been brought out net, by deducting per cent, for every additional 12 spindles beyond 420, up to and including 806 spindles, when spinning 1 twist, bastard twist, doubling, or pin cop weft counts on twist mules. Where, however, the number of spindles does not exceed 804 each mule, an extra 5 per cent, is allowed, and has been added for short mules. Sec. 2. Mules of 1 in. gauge or over, to be considered twist mules, and to discount only for number of spindles up to 806 each mule. Larger mules of twist gauge to be paid the same price per 100 Ibs. Sec. 3. All counts below 32's twist to be paid the same price per 1,000 hanks ; but in working out the price per 100 Ibs., hank by the actual count (even) spun. 30321 ^ 98 COTTON SPINNING. Sec. 4. Counts, whether twist, bastard twist, doubling, or pin cop weft, spun on mules of 1$ in. gauge or over, to be discounted for length of mules up to 806 spindles only. Sec. 5. An additional 5 per cent, to be allowed when spinning pin cops on mules over H in. gauge. Clause II. REELED YARNS OR BASTARD TWIST STANDARD. Sec. 1. The bastard twist standard price is 19-8d. per 1,000 hanks of 50*s count, with 24 revolutions of the spindles per inch of yarn, on mules of 420 spindles each; a half per cent, is deducted for every additional 12 spindles beyond 420 up to and including 806 spindles. Where, however, the number of spindles does not exceed 804 each mule, an extra 5 per cent, is allowed and has been added for short mules. Sec. 2. Twist, bastard twist, doubling, or pin cop weft counts spun upon mules of 1J i n - g ail ge or over, will be discounted for size of mule up to 806 spindles. Sec. 3. All counts below 34's bastard twist to be paid the same price per 1,000 hanks; but in ascertaining the price per 100 Ibs., hank by the actual count (even) spun. Clause III. WEPT STANDARD. Sec. 1. The standard price for weft is 18-56d. per 1,000 hanks of 50's count, with 22-5 revolutions of the spindles per inch of yarn, on mules of 420 spindles each. A half per cent, is deducted for every additional 12 spindles beyond 420 up to and including 900 spindles, when the gauge of the spindles is 1| in. or below. Where, however, the number of spindles does not exceed 804, an extra 5 per cent, is allowed, and has been added for short mules. Sec. 2. Mules of 1 in. gauge of spindles, and below, to be considered weft mules ; twist, bastard twist, doubling or pin cop weft counts spun on weft mules shall be discounted for length of mule up to 900 spindles each mule. Sec. 3. All counts below 36's weft to be paid the same price per 1,000 hanks ; but in calculating the price per 100 Ibs., hank by the actual count (even) spun. Clause IV. COARSE COUNTS. Sec. 1. Five per cent, to be added upon all sizes of mules when spinning 40's twist, bastard twist, doubling, or pin cop weft, or any count below. Sec. 2. When spinning 30's count, or below, the employer to engage and pay an extra full-time creeler, unless spinning so slow as not to require one, or spinning from a single roving, or as may be otherwise arranged between the secretaries of the two associations, and unless a few sets only are required, in which case the spinner shall have an extra allowance of 8d. per diem in lieu thereof. Clause V. HARD OR SOFT SPUN YARNS. Sec. 1. When spinning any count with more than standard turns per inch in, the price per 100 Ibs. to be increased by |ths the proportionate difference be- tween the price of the count set to spin, and the count for which the turns per inch put in is the standard. Sec. 2. When spinning soft weft yarns with more than two-and-a-half turns per inch less than is allowed by the standard, the price per 100 Ibs. shall be reduced by one-fifth the proportionate difference between the price per 100 Ibs. for each turn per inch beyond, and reckoning from the two-and-a-half turns per inch referred to. N.B. In spinning soft weft or hosiery yarns, to which this section may not always apply, the price for spinning such yarns shall be subject to arrangement in accordance with Cl. XIX. BOLTON SPINNERS' LIST, Clause VI. STANDARD SPEED. Sec. 1. The standard speed shall be taken in each mill as the speed usually run at such mill. In case of alteration to a speed below such standard, the price per 100 Ibs. to be increased equal to two-thirds of the proportionate difference in reduction in size of the rim. Sec. 2. Five per cent, extra to be allowed when spinning with single and double Clause VII. PRICES TO BE PAID EXTRA WHEN TUBING. Tubing per Set, Large Cops. Sec. 1. Spindles in each Mule. COUNTS. 600 602 650 700 750 800 850 900 and to to to to to to to under. 648. 698. 748. 798. 848. 898. 948. 30*8 and under 32's to 60's d. 4 d. 3 4 d. 11 A 4 5 d. 1! d. 5 6 d. H H d. 6 62's 80's { ^ 4i 5 Pji 6 6i 7 7i 82-8 100's g 5 g 64 * 7i 102's 120's 122's 140's 9 jji 6 7* 71 a 8* 8i $ 142's 160' s k 6i 7 74 84 9* Spindles in each Mule. COUNTS. 950 1000 1050 noo 1150 1200 1250 to to to to to to to 998. 1048. 1098. 1148. 1198. 1248. 1298. d. d. d. d. s. d. *. d. X. (/. 30's and under 32's to 60's ?1 7 8 11 8 9 8i 9i 9 10 9A 10J 62's 80's 8 8i 9 N JO 10i Oil 82's , 100's 8| 9 N 10 10i 11 o iii 102's 120's 9 9* 10 10i Oil Hi 1 122's 140's 9* 10 10 11 11J 1 1 Oi 142's 160'a 10 10i 11 m 1 i 04 i i %d. per set to be added for every 20 hanks finer above 160's count. Mules of 1,300 spindles each to be paid proportionate advance. Tubing per Set, Pin Cops. Sec. 2. The price per set for tubing pin cops shall be equivalent to th of a penny per Ib. weight of such set, when spinning 60's to 100's count; with a penny per set added, for every 10 hanks, or fractional part of 10 hanks finer than 100's count ; and a reduction of a half-penny per set, for every 10 hanks or fractional part of 10 hanks coarser than 60's count down to 20's count. Sec. 3. Cops spun full length of spindles on mules of H in - g au g e anc | to be paid for tubing in accordance with scale for large cops. When spinning full length cops on mules of 1 in. gauge of spindles or below, the price per set shall be the mean between the price per set allowed for large, and the price per set allowed for pin cops, same length of mule. Sec. 4. Full-length tubes, large cops, to be paid double the rates given by section 1. Full-length tubes, pin cops, on 42's count or above, to be paid double the rates showti in Pection 2 ; 40's count and below to be paid |th of a penny per Ib. weight of the set. 30321 G 2 100 COTTON SPINNING. Sec. 5. Tubes put on with the apparatus to be paid two-thirds the above rates per set when spinning IOC's count or over, and three-fifths the rates per set when spinning 98's count or under. Sec. 6. All tubes, whether part or full length, to be weighed in as yarn, providing the weight of such tubes does not exceed 12 oz. per 1,000. Any excess beyond this weight to be deducted. Clause VIII. RE-BANDING SPINDLES. 3$d. per 100 spindles. (See table.) Clause IX. TURNING SPINDLE BANDS. 2$d. per 100 spindles. (See table.) Clause X. STRIPPING CREELS. TURNING BANDS. RE- BANDING. ( 600 602 650 700 750 800 850 900 Spindles per Mule ard to to to to to to to ( under. 648 698. 748. 798. 848. 898. 948. *. d. s. d. *. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Stripping creels, double- ) 3 3 3 6 3 9 4 4 3 4 6 4 9 5 Stripping creels, single- | 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 10 3 3 2 3 4 Turning bands Re-banding in 2 3 3 4* III 2 n 311 2 9f 4 2| 3 4 6 3 2i 4 9j 3 4i 5 Of Spindles per Mule 950 to 1,000 to 1,050 to 1,100 to 1,150 to 1,200 to 1,250 to 9P8. 1,048. 1,098. 1,148. 1,198. 1,248. 1,298. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Stripping creels, double- 5 3 5 6 5 9 6 6 3 6 6 6 9 Stripping creels, single- roving 3 6 3 8 3 10 4 4 2 4 4 4 6 Turning bands Re-banding 3 6| 5 4| 3 9 5 7* 3 111 5 lOf 4 U 6 2| 6 5| 4 6 6 9 U Clause XI. REPAIRING, RE- SETTING, or STARTING NEW MULES. If both mules are stopped, the spinner to receive at the rate of 21*. per week, and piecers paid by the employer if required in attendance. If one mule be worked, the spinner to receive at the rats of 30s. per week, together with piecers' wages, but no allowance for any yarn spun. Payment to reckon from the commencement of stoppage. Tliis Clause shall not come into operation unless there stoppage on one mule, or 2 hours' stoppage on loth mules. be houri Clause XII. BOBBIN CARRYING. Where no bobbin-carrier is employed, each spinner shall be entitled to com- pensation the amount to be decided by the committees of the two associations. Clause XIII. DOUBLE DECKED MULES. To be paid 5 per cent, extra, but to discount for length of mules, as if total spindles in two mules were contained in a single mule. BOLTON SPINNERS' LIST. Clause XIV. No deduction to be made from the price per 100 Ibs. unless provided for in this schedule. Clause XV. All counts to be paid to what they are set. When spinning " odd " counts, i.e., 21's, 41's, 61's, &c., &c., the spinner to be paid for the next " even " count higher, viz., 22's, 42's, 62's, &c., &c. Clause XVI. LIST OP REVOLUTIONS per Spindle per Inch of Yarn. TWIST. 10's to 120's. REELED YARN. 10's to 120' s. .: WEFT. 10's to 120's. Counts. 10 Twist, per inch. 11-44 Counts. 10 Twist, per inch. Counts. 10 Twist, per inch. 10-10 12 12-47 12 11-74 12 11-01 14 13-46 14 . 12-68 14 11-89 16 14-40 16 13-46 .16 12-72 18 15-27 18 14-38 18 13-48 20 16-09 20 15-15 20 14-21 22 lfi'88 22 15-89 22 14-91 24 17'63 24 16-50 24 15-57 26 18-35 26 17-28 26 16-21 28 19'04 28 17'93 28 16-83 30 19-75 30 18*58 30 17-42 32 20-4 32 19'2 32 18-0 34 21-02 34 1978 34 18-55 36 21'64 36 20-36 36 19-09 38 22-23 38 20-92 38 19-61 40 22'81 40 21-47 40 20-13 42 23-37 42 22-0 42 20-62 44 23'92 44 22-51 44 21-1 46 24-45 46 23-01 46 2V58 48 24'98 48 23-51 48 22-04 50 25'5 50 24-0 50 22-5 52 26-0 52 24-47 52 22'9-t 54 26'5 54 24-94 54 23-38 56 26'98 56 25*39 56 23-81 58 2746 58 25-84 58 24'23 60 27-93 60 26-28 60 24'54 62 28'39 62 26-72 62 26'05 64 28'85 64 2T15 64 25-45 66 29-29 66 27'58 61) 25"87 68 29'73 68 27'98 68 26-23 70 3017 70 28'39 70 26-62 72 30'6 72 28'8 72 27'0 74 81*02 74 29*19 74 2~'37 76 31'44 76 20*68 76 27'74 78 81*86 7.8 29'97 78 28-1 80 32'25 80 30*36 80 28-47 82 32'65 82 30'73 82 28*81 84 33'05 84 31'1 84 89*16 86 33-44 86 31*47 8rt 29-5 88 33-83 1 88 31-83 88 29*84 90 34'21 90 32'19 90 30-18 92 34-59 92 32'55 92 30-52 94 34'96 94 32'9 94 30'85 96 35-33 96 33'25 96 31-17 98 35-7 98 33'6 98 81*8 100 36*06 100 33-94 100 31-83 102 36-41 102 34'27 102 32'14 104 3(5-77 104 34-61 104 82*48 106 3?12 106 34-94 106 3276 108 37-47 J08 .35-27 108 33t)7 110 3?81 11(1 35-59 110 33-32 112 38-16 112 35-91 112 33'68 114 38-50 114 36'23 114 33-98 llfi 38'83 116 36*55 116 34-28 118 39-17 118 36'86 118 34-57 120 39-50 120 37*17 120 34-86 i The above turns per inch are found by multiplying the square root of the counts by 3-606 for twist. 3-:-*U4 for reeled yarn, and 3- 183 for weft. 102 COTTON SPINNING. Clause XVII. Table showing the amount per cent, to be added or taken from the gross price per 1,000 hanks (as per Clauses I., II., III.), in ascertaining the net price per 1,000 hanks or 100 Ibs. Spindles in each Mule. Per-centages to be added to or deducted from Standard Prices. Spindles in each Mule. Per-centasres to be added to or deducted from Standard Prices. 432 4 per cent, to be added. 672 5i per cent, to be deducted. 444 4 684 6 456 Si 696 6i B 468 3 708 7 n 480 2i 720 7i t 492 732 8 ^ 504 11 744 ii M 516 1 756 9 528 i ' 768 N n 540 Ne 780 10 M 552 i per cent, to be deducted. 792 lOi 564 1 804* 11 576 H 806 16 588 2 816 m 5> 600 2* 828 17 612 3 840 17i H 624 3i 852 18 M 636 4 864 m ^ 648 4i 876 19 * t 660 5 ;, ;; 888 19J B 900 20 * All mules of twist gauge having over 804 spindles each mule, to be discounted 16 per cent. ; mules of weft gauge having over 804 spindles each, to be discounted per cent, for each 12 spindles up to 900 spindles, as per above scale. Clause XVIII. HOLIDAYS. The recognised holidays are Good Friday and Saturday following, Friday and Saturday in Whit-week and following Monday, third Saturday in August and following Monday and Tuesday, Christmas day, and first and second work- Mi K days in January. Clause XIX, Should any circumstance arise for which the list makes no provision, the same shall be submitted to the adjudication of the joint committees of the two associations. Clause XX. Three months' notice to be given by the one party to the other party to this agreement of any intention to increase or reduce the rates of prices, I%d. per 100 Ibs. of 34's weft, true counts, on mules from 631 to 640 spindles in each wheel. The twist standard is 42c?. per 100 Ibs. of 30's twist, true counts, on mules from 531 to 540 spindles in each wheel. For weft one farthing to be added for 10 spindles from 631 downwards and one eighth to be deducted every 10 spindles from 640 up to 800 spindles; one sixteenth every 10 spindles from 800 up to 1,000. For twist one farthing to be added for every 10 spindles from 531 downwards and one farthing to be deducted every 10 spindles from 540 up to 640 spindles, one eighth every 10 spindles from 640 up to 800 spindles, and one sixteenth every 10 spindles from 800 to 900 spindles. In coarse counts below 24's, both twist and weft, no deduction is to be made above 800 spindles. The price of all counts of weft from 30's to 24's true counts, is to be reckoned in proportion to the counts; from 24's to 20's is to be reckoned in propor- tion to the counts, and to have 1 per cent, each hank added ; and from 20's to 14's is to be reckoned in proportion to the counts, and to have 1 per cent, each hank below 20's added. For finer counts 34's weft, true counts, is the standard 40's is to be paid 7 per cent, more than 34's, besides the proportionate difference in counts- intermediate numbers in proportion. All counts of weft above 40's to have 6 per cent, added for every five hanks, besides the proportionate difference in counts. In twist 24's true counts is to be paid 5 per cent, less than 30's, besides the proportionate difference in counts intermediate numbers in proportion; from 24's to 20's is to be reckoned in proportion to the counts, and to have 1 per cent, added for each two hanks ; and from 20's to 14's is to be reckoned in proportion to the counts, and to have 1 per cent, added for each hank. 36's twist, true coimts, is to be paid 7| per cent, more than 30's, besides the proportionate difference in counts intermediate numbers in proportion. All counts of twist above 36's to have 9 per cent, added for every six hanks in addition to the proportionate difference in counts. N.B. Intermediate counts besides those specified in the table, to be paid according to the alteration of twist wheel and change pinions. When spinning weft on twist mules, 3 per cent, extra to be allowed unless spun in large cops. Where mules are stopped for resetting, the master to pay the minder (if he is required and in attendance) at the rate of 3s. per day; and also to pay the creeler and piecer (if they are required) their ordinary wages. The same rule to apply to starting new machinery. Where mules are stopped for renewals, the master to pay the minder, &c., as above stated, providing such stoppage exceeds 2 hours at any one time. No allowance to be made for repairs of breakages. When stripping, the minders to be paid according to the following scale : Mules containing from 400 to 500 rovings in each wheel, Is. 6d. 500 to 600 ,, ,, 2s. Od. Every 100 rovings above 600 to have Qd. per 100 extra. For starching weft, 2d. per 100 Ibs. to be allowed. twist, Id. For tubing with the apparatus, 4r7. per 100 Ibs. of weft, and 2d. per 100 Ibs. of twist to be allowed the tubes to be weighed in as yarn. In calculating the turns for counts of yarn, the turns to be calculated bv multiplying the square root of the counts by 3'25 for weft and 3'75 for twist. All extra turns to be paid for at the rate of two-thirds of the proportion. Spinning coarse counts on alternate spindles to be arranged at each mill. OTHER BLACKBURN LISTS. Ill Blackburn List for Slubbing:, Intermediate, and Roving*. In the Blackburn district since 1873 there has been in operation a standard list of prices for certain intermediate processes which come between the carding and drawing and the spinning of the cotton, to which they are preparatory, and, to some extent, similar operations. This list is known as the "Blackburn Standard List of Prices for Slubbing, Intermediate, and Roving." The basis of the list in each of these cases may be quoted : BLACKBURN STANDARD LIST OF PRICES FOR SLUBBING. (January 6th, 1873.) To find the standard turns for any hank slubbing, extract the square root of the hank. Turns above or under this standard to be paid for or deducted at the rate of 60 per cent, of the proportionate difference. The standard price is taken at 3'125r/. for -7 hank slubbing up to 1 hank on frames of 70 spindles, and for fine slubbing the standard is taken at 3-29d. for 1 hank up to 1-25 hank slubbing on frames of 70 spindles. For every l-20th hank below -7 hank, 2 per cent, to be added for extra doffing, and for every l-20th hank above -7 hank, 2 per cent, to be deducted for less doffing up to 1 hank, and for every l-20th hank above 1 hank, H per cent, to be deducted for less doffing up to 1-25 hank. For every 5 spindles above 70, four per cent, to be added, and for every 5 spindles below 70, two per cent, to be deducted. Two spindles qver or under each 5 not to be reckoned, but 3 or 4 spindles to be taken as 5. BLACKBURN STANDARD LIST OF PRICES FOR INTERMEDIATE. (January 62//, 1873.) To find the standard turns for any hank intermediate, extract the square root of the hank and add 10 per cent. Turns above or under this standard to be paid for or deducted at the rate of 70 per cent, of the proportionate difference. The standard price is taken at l-9d. for 1-6 hank up to 2 hank intermediate on frames of 90 spindles, and for fine intermediate the standard is taken at 1-957^. for 2 hank up to 2-5 hank on frames of 90 spindles. For every l-10th hank below 1-6 hank intermediate, two per cent, to be added for extra doffing, and for every l-10th hank above 1-6 hank up to 2 hank, two per cent, to be deducted for less doffing, and for every l-10th hank above 2 hank up to 2-5 hank, \\ per cent, to be deducted for less doffing. For every 5 spindles above 90, three per cent, to be added, and for every 5 spindles below 90, one and a half per cent, to be deducted. Two spindles either over or under each 5 not to be reckoned, but 3 or 4 spindles to be taken as 5. BLACKBURN STANDARD LIST OF PRICES FOR ROVING. (January 6th, 1873.) To find the standard turns for any hank roving extract the square root of the hank and add 25 per cent. Turns above or under this standard to be paid for or deducted at the rate of 70 per cent, of the proportionate difference. The standard price is taken at 2-25d. for 4-5 hank roving up to 6 hank on frames of 125 spindles, and for fine roving the standard is taken at 2-5035 > 2-9 " 51 55 M 5) 315 8*6 and 82. 56 61 4-65 62 68 4'9 69 75 5-15 76 and above " 5'4 For 22's weft deduct 1 per cent. F< :>r 15's w eft a< Id 1 per cent. ., 24's 2 . 14's t 2 26's 3 5 13's 3 ,, 28's 4 12's 5 4 No deduction for weft higher , ll's ) 5 than 28's. 5 10's , 6 9's I 7 Of 12 picks per inch. COLOURED GOODS WEAVERS 1 AND WINDERS' LISTS. Reeds. All reeds higher than a 56 to have per cent, added for every two ends or counts of reed above. Twist. All twists to be considered equal. Picks. All picks to be paid for as ascertained by wheel and dividend. The above prices to be paid without any deduction. This list only applies to 57, 58, 59, 60, 80, 81, and 82 inch reed space looms. RADCLIFFE AND COLNE DISTRICTS. (Coloured Goods Weaving-.) The following is the standard of the Colne district list (agreed to in 1890) for coloured goods: The standard upon which the price for plain and striped goods is based is as follows : Cloth. -28, 29, or 30 inches in width. Reed. 52 to 64 both inclusive, or 26 to 32 dents per inch, two ends in a dent. Length. 74 yards of warp, 36 inches to the yard. Weft. 16's or any finer counts. Price. l^fl. per pick. The standard upon which the price for checks is based is 70 yards of warp, 2d. per pick; in all other particulars the same as the standard for plain and striped goods. The standard of the list of prices agreed to in 1892, and some- what altered in 1898 for coloured goods for Radcliffe and district is as follows : ' Cloth. The list shall be based on cloth, 36 inches to the yard and 100 yards long. Reed. 56 reed, i.e., 28 dents to the inch, and two ends in a dent. Width. 27 to 30 inches measured on the counter in an unfinished state as it comes from the loom. Weft. 16's or any finer counts. Looms. Circular, box, and plain. Warps. Full (or hand) dressed or sectional. Price per pick. Per inch Checks, 3d. ; stripes and plains 2$d. LISTS FOR WINDING AND OTHER PRELIMINARY PROCESSES. The foregoing lists all relate to the weaving process proper, which only commences after the warp is placed in the loom. The accessory processes of winding, preparing, and sizing the warp, are also paid by the piece, and some of the lists in use are given below. Loomens employ either one full-timer or two half-timers as assistants, whom they pay out of the prices obtained under the list. 124 COTTON WEAVING. Blackburn Prices for Winding:. Subject to a reduction of 1\ per cent. Counts of Yarn. Lbs. of Twist for I2d. Counts of Yarn. Lbs. of Twist for I2d. Counts of Yarn. Lbs. Lbs. 18's 55 32's 36 50's 20's 52 34's 344 60'* 22's 49 36's 33i 70's 24' s 454 38's 32 80's 26's 424 40's 31 90's 28's 40 46's 27i 100's 30's 38 Lbs. of Twist for I2d. Lbs. 26 22 19 Winding throstle yarn 28's and upwards, one-third more to be wound for 12d. ; 26's and below, one-fourth more to be wound for I2d. Blackburn Prices for Tape-Sizing- or Slashing*. Subject to d. for each wrap, irrespective of counts of twist. For every 10 ends, or fraction thereof, one halfpenny, up or down, but no deduction below 370 ends, thus: For 400 ends f 5 wraps, 17,500 yards, the price will be 2s. per beam, including creeling. For 441 to 450 ends, the price will be 2s. 2%d. per beam, including creeling. For 379 ends and below, the price will be Is. IQ$d. per beam, including creeling. The operative will be required to turn the beam backward to find broken ends. The beamers' wages to rise and fall along with weavers' wages. These prices cover the 2 per cent, advance agreed to be paid from the first pay day in July, 1899. It will be seen that provision is made for both beamers' and winders' wages to rise and fall with wages under the uniform list for weaving. Twisting and Drawing Velvets, Oldham. District. A new standard list of piece prices for twisting and drawing velvets came into operation in Oldham and district on January 1st, 1897, having been agreed upon in December, 1896, by a Joint Committee of the Oldham Master Cotton Manufacturers' Association and the Amalgamated Association of Beamers, Twisters, and Drawers. The list applies to velvets only, all other sorts, such as velveteens, fustians, cords, &c., not being affected. About 100 workpeople are paid by the new list. The following are the prices for twisting : From 40*s to 80*8 twist, twofold, or 20's to 40*8 single twist. Straight lease 4^.* per thousand ends. Broken lease 5d* ,. ., Without lease or slashed work 5%d* For every difference of 10 counts or fractional parts thereof over or under the limits named, $d. per 1,000 ends extra. EXTRAS. Altering middles plain Id. per middle ; fancies, time work. Edging, 50 ends or fractional part thereof, 2d. Putting combs on \d. per comb. Twisting Towel Honeycombs, Tapestries and Alhambras, Bolton District. A list for twisting these classes of goods was agreed upon by the Bolton Manufacturers' Association and the Amalgamated Association of Beaimers, Twisters and Drawers, on March 22nd, 1897, and came into operation on the first making-up day in April. About 40 twisters are paid according to the list. * From the first pay day in April, 1900, these prices were increased to 5JA, 5Jtf. and 6d. respectively, for twisting single twist American warps. HUDDERHFIKLP WEAVERS' LIST. WOOLLEN WEAVING. In the woollen and worsted trades there are no price lists so elabor- ately devised and generally accepted as in the cotton trade. The "Weavers' Scale," published in 1883 by the Huddersfield Woollen Manufacturers' and Spinners' Association, will serve to illustrate the methods of remuneration for men and women weavers in use, though the actual scale is by no means generally adhered to in this trade, which is not nearly so thoroughly organised as is the cotton trade. Huddersfield. The following Scale for 18 strings of 10 feet per string was compiled by the Huddersfield Woollen Manufacturers' and Spinners' Association, and came into operation on the 7th day of May, 1883. WEAVERS' SCALE. In shawls not more than three shuttles will be paid for. Up to 30 picks on warps of only one cut long, &d. extra will be allowed. From 30 to 60 picks on warps of only one cut long, 9r7 extra will be allowed. Above 60 picks on warps of only one cut long, !,. d. s. d. 10 to 12 1 7 18 19 1 10 i in 13 - 1 1\ 1 S 19 1 K> 1 11 2 0? 14 - 1 8i 1 9 1 10 1 11 2 14 15 1 94 1 10 1 11 2 I 1 2 2$ 16 1 10i 1 11 20 21 2 2 3< 17 2 2 1 23 24 5 2 6 18 to 19 132 2 3 2 4 26 27 8 2 V 20 to 21 14 162 j 2 4 2 5J 27 28 9 2 1(1 22 and 23 17/2 2 o 2 6 1 28 29 10 2 11 24 182 19 2 j 2 8 2 9* 2 11 30 3 1 3 2 26 j 20 22/2 | 2 10 2 11 \ 31 32 3 3 3 4 28 24 26/2 j 3 3 1 \ 33 34 3 5 3 6 80 28 302 ( 31 3 2 I 34 35 3 6 3 7 31 to 36/2 3 6 3 7 39 3 10i f 4 (I 4 11 37 to 4-1 2 4 2 4 3 45 4 6< ! 4 8 4 9j 43 and above 4 7 4 8 4 10 4 11, i t 5 1 5 2 Spliced knees, extra, 10 to 17, 2d. ; 18 to 30, 2%d. ; above, 3d. Size marks not paid for. Quality marks, 1 or 2 stoppages, %d., and %d. each additional stoppage. Not spliced seats, less, 10 to 17, 2d. ; 18 to 23, 3d. ; 24 and above, 4-d. Narrowed legs, less trousers or drawers, 10 to 17, l%d. ; 18 to 23, 2d. ; 24 to 30, 3d.; above, 3%d. Short legs, less, or long legs, extra, 10 to 17, Id. ; 18 to 22, lrf. ; above, 2d. Pant-backs, less, I%d. all sorts. Men's knee trous. drawers, less, 10 to 14, 2d. ; 15 to 17, 2$d. ; 18 to 23, 3d. ; 24 to 30, 4,d. ; above, 5d. Knicker trous. drawers, Id. less than trous. drawers. Women's drawers, Id. more than men's. Women's drawers, fashioned fronts, \d. more than men's. Widened seats,, 2d. extra. Dark-dyed colours, Id. extra One 4 at once machine, 2d. extra. One 5 at once machine, Id. extra. Two 4 at once machines, same price. Two 5 at once machines, Id. less. One 8 at once machine, 2d. less. Stripes 10 to 17, Qd. Stripes 18 to 28, 9d. Stripes 30 and above, 1. NOTE. Broken sets up to dozen to be paid for as full sets. Leicester (Trimmers' Price List). Trimming is a- distinct branch of the hosiery trade, the workpeople engaged in the industry having a society of their own. The process is a subsequent one to that of making, and comprises several operations, such as washing, fulling, stretching, softening, pressing, brightening the colours with brimstone, &c. A new list of prices was drawn up by the Leicester and Leicestershire Trimmers' Association, and after a con- ference it was agreed to and signed by representatives of the trimmers and of the Leicester Master Dyers' and Trimmers' Association. The payment cf the new prices dated nominally from 14th July, 1895, but as the trimmers were not working at that time, owing to the dispute LEICESTER TRIMMERS' LIST. 139 in the other branches of the hosiery trade, the list did not come into actual operation until the termination of that dispute. There are six divisions of the list, dealing with shirts, half-hose, socks, hose, gloves, and caps. The prices recognised in the hose depart- ment are given as an example. The prices in the second column are the extra rates paid when certain operations are performed on the outside as well as the inside of the stockings. PRICES FOR TRIMMING HOSE. Description of Hose. Price per 100 doz. Pairs. When When Trimmed Trimmed once. j each way. All dyed Cashmere or worsted, circular ribs, seamed or niock : Up to 6's size ' s. d 10 6 11 11 6 12 11 6 12 12 12 6 16 8 18 12 6 10 6 9 9 7 12 6 11 3 11 6 12" 6 10 6 10 6 12 I) 16 8 8 4 6 6 7 8 4 9 8 4 4 2 . d. 1 6 7 10i 8 4 8 Hi 8 4 8 8i 8 9 9 1 11 8 8 4 7 6 6 8 4 7 6 7 6 8 4 7 6 8 4 7 6 All dyed Cashmere or worsted, plain, up to 6's size ,, over 6's size fashioned ribs, up to 6's size * over 6's size plain, up to 6's size plain, over 6's size fashioned Derby ribs and French shape, pulled in and paired. Cashmere or worsted opera Dressed lambs' wool, worsted and mohair or Grampian, bicycle, golf, or shooting hose : Above women's . . 7's to women's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Up to 6's size Extra finish . . Dressed natural or sanitary wools, ribs and plain : - Over 6's Up to 6's size Dressed Angola and merino, ribs and plain, above 6's size . . ,, . . ribs . . . . . . ,, plain, above 6's size ,. . up to 6's size Cashmere, ribs and plain, all sizes clerical circular ribs or plain Bleached up to 6's s^ze ., over 6's size . . . . . . . . . . . Dressed or dyed front ,, wet legging . . . . . . . ,, 7's to women's . . . . . . above women's . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Silk plaited* All dved or dressed leggings . , . . . . . . . . . . . . Flatting Extras.- The tops of bicycle, golf, or shooting hose, to be turned clown for the trimmer. Extra pressing of feet for above Jrf per doz. It is also agreed that all goods not on the list are to be paid for by time at the rate of Sd. per hour for men and Is. per hour for a man and boy together. Sorting, brushing, turning, and tying up are to be paid for extra. The net effect of the introduction of the list was considered to be an average advance of 7 per cent., or about 3s. per week, on the earnings of those affected. About 280 workpeople are now paid by the list. * i.e., made with a mixture of silk. 140 HOSIERY TRADE. Hinckley (Countermen and Menders' Lists). The countermen and menders of Hinckley came out on strike on 20th May, 1895, for an improved and uniform rate of wages, and the associated employers thereupon closed their factories. The number ot persons affected by the dispute was about 2,500, of whom 80 were countermen and 150 menders (females) the other operatives being thrown out of work through the closing of the factories. Lists were drawn up and signed at a conference between the employers and the officials of the Leicester and Leicestershire Amalgamated Hosiery Union, and the operatives resumed work on May 31st. (a.) MENDERS' LIST. The operation of mending the hose, &c. is performed by women and girls, who sometimes do the work at their own homes. Before going to the trimmer the goods are termed " rough " ; after trimming they are described as " dress." They may be mended at both stages. If only mended once (i.e., after trimming) they are termed " not roughed." The following is an extract from the list : Description of Hose. Price per dozen Pairs. Brown hose : 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 8 9 6 3 9 9 3 9 Mocked seams and wrots Brown half-hose : - coloured tops . . . . . Narrow toes and gussets . . . Mocked seams . . . . 24 G wrots 30 G wrots Hand-made -r Rough. Dress. Not Roughed. s. 6 4 4 6 d. 3 2 6 6 s. 2 2 2 2 I d. 6 6 6 6 6 *. d. 5~0 4 6 5 3 6 Grey and Shetland merino hose Seamless merino and wool half-hose cashmere half-hose . . hrown half-hose . . . . . . " Long feet " are goods made with one side piece only of twice tha ordinary length which is doubled back and sewn, and not, as is more usual, with two side pieces sewn together. " Wrots " or "wroughts " are stockings with a proper narrowing for the calf. In the commoner sorts the stocking is given the appearance of being properly narrowed by stretching and pressing it, during the process of trimming, on a board shaped like a leg. The adoption of the list resulted in a considerable advance in the Average wages of women and girls. HINCKLEY COUNTERMEN AND GERMAN SEAMERS' LISTS. 141 (/;.) COUNTERMEN'S LIST. This is a piece price list for the folding and parcelling up of the finished articles. The goods may be of various shades and are taken sometimes a,t " random," and sometimes in certain quantities of each shade. In the following extract the heading " B. & P." means that a piece of mill-board is placed at the top and bottom of each parcel. Description of Hose. Trices per 100 doz. Pairs of Stockings. String without paper. String with paper. "B. &P." Brown and garter hose : Long feet *. d. . d. 4 6 .s. <1. Narrow toes and gussets . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Mocked seams 5 3 Wroughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 Grey hose : Long feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 9 Narrow toes and gussets 5 3 Mocked seam.'* . . . . . 5 6 Wroughts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 9 1 Women's navy seal and black 4 3 5 5 6 " Random " half-hose 4 3 4 9 (if more than one shade) Cashmere half-hose (in dozens) (in half-dozens) - r, a 5 3 6 6 The average earnings of the countermen before and after the adop tion of the list were estimated at 20s. and 25s. raspectively. German Seamers, Hinckley. A revised list for German seaming was introduced during 1896 as the result of a conference between the employers and the .officials of the Trade Union. The list took effect from August 6th. It is estimated to involve a reduction of 10 per cent, on the prices previously in force, about 80 women being affected by the change. The following is he new list : CIRCULAR BIBBED HOSE. Ribbs, all sizes to 6's, I%d. ,, small women's and women's, 2d. f!ir. feet, cut, \\d. all round. WROUGHT HALF HOSE. Cotton and Merino. 21 and 24 gauge, up to 8-in., 2$d. per dozen. ,, ,, 8^-in. and above, 2%d. per dozen. 30 gauge, up to S^-in., 2fcZ. Above 8-in., 3d. Extras. Turning by seamers, \d. extra. Changing cotton, \d. extra. Thus one change, $d. ; two changes, $d. Wrought cashmere half-hose, \d. extra. Heathers, 3 shades in a dozen, %d. extra. Bough blacks or cashmerettes to remain at present prices. 142 LACE TRADE. Nottingham Lace Trade. The principal piece lists in connection with the Nottingham lace trade govern the wages of lace makers working one of three machines, the plain net machine, the curtain machine, and the levers machine. Makers of lace on the warp lace machine who are principally employed in the outside districts also work according to a uniform list. Those employed on the Plaun machine, which has come into wider use of late years, and which is used to work patterns on a plain net foundation, are not at present paid according to a uniform list. In the following pages selections will be given from the three principal lists above referred to, as well as from one of the lists governing the wages of auxiliary workers in connection with one of these machines. The majority of lace makers are employed in connection with levers machines. Thus, of about 3,500 persons employed in Nottingham, on the three principal lace machines, about 900 are employed on curtain machines, and 700 on plain net machines, the remainder being em- ployed on levers machines. As, however, the plain net machine is in some respects the simplest, it is treated of first in the following pages. The hours worked in the lace trade are somewhat unusual. In general the machines are started at 4.0 a.m., and run until midnight, except on Saturdays, when they stop at 2.0 p.m. Two men take charge of the same machine or pair of machines and work in alternate shifts of about five hours each. Allowing for small intervals, each man's working day thus amounts to about 9 \ hours on five days of the week, and five on Saturdays. The week's output of the machine or machines is divided between the two men. A learner is definitely attached to a man who acts as teacher, and serves his apprenticeship for four years. The total wages earned by the machine are in the levers and curtain branches divided into two halves. One half goes to the teacher and the learner gets a continually increasing fraction of the other half, the balance being divided equally between the teacher and the employer. In the plain net branch the whole balance goes to> tihe teacher. The following clauses with regard to alterations apply to all branches of the lace trade : Alterations. That all work when lace makers are not making racks shall be called day work (except tying in warps or re-entering instead of tying in), and shall be paid for at the rate of four shillings per day for the first six days, and four shillings and sixpence per day for all days beyond. All half-days worked after the first ten hours to be paid for at the above rate. Short Alterations. When seven consecutive hours are made in any alteration the time to be paid for as half a day. The list in operation for the levers branch is dated 1894, that for the curtain branch, 1897, and that for the plain net branch, 1889, NOTTINGHAM. PLAIN NET MACHINE LIST. 143 These lists, however, especially that for the levers branch, are continu ally being added to and amended by the Nottingham Lace Trade Board of Conciliation and Reference. Plain Net Machines. The warp in the plain net machine comes off a beam in much the same way as in cotton weaving, except that the threads occupy an up right instead of a horizontal position. A number of bobbins swing be- tween these upright threads, passing on one side and, owing to a motion communicated to the warp, returning on the other, thus putting a simple twist round the warp thread. These bobbins are narrow metal rollers about two inches in diameter and of about the thickness of a penny. They are each carried in a metal carriage which slides in a special groove in the machine. A small spring in the carriage controls the tension of the bobbin thread. After a certain number of such motions the bobbins are carried by the action of the machine ten the right, and the twist is then put round the next warp thread. T!he twist is held up and the holes in the net work created by a series of steel points which are inserted at each warp thread, and which may be considered a,s occupy- ing much the position of the reed in an ordinary power "loom. The bobbins in this traversing motion, which is peculiar to the plain net machine, pass the whole way across the breadth of the lace in front, and are then transferred to the back row. There are thus always two sets of bobbins in operation., front and back. The fineness of the lace is measured by the number of points to the inch. It will be understood that this rough description applies only to the simplest form of net. In practice, machines coming under this head are of many varieties, and although never making patterns, in the strict sense of the word, make certain variations of the plain network, as, for instance, quillings, or lace in which at short intervals the threads are so arranged that the lace can be cut across at these points without giving a frayed edge ; taping ; spotting ; and so on. The method of payment in the plain net branch is by the " rack/' which is defined as 240 holes along the length of the lace. For any particular class of machine the payment varies with the breadth of the lace made, which is always measured in " quarters " of nine inches, and with the closeness of the warp threadsi measured by the number of points to the inch. The following is the simplest list for making plain nets of cotton or silk on this class of machine : (1.) 12 quarters, 10 points, brown cotton, plain net, \^d. per rack, and T V, of a penny in addition for every 13 inches in width above a 12 quarter. T/if follmriiKj claiixi' ft/i/t/irx only to plirin nets, t/tiillhujx, tftpes, and mechlins. No extras to be paid when working- 40's or 5()'s single cotton in the muslins. No extras to be paid when working 40's or 50's single cotton in the bobbin; when working 60's, 70's or 80's, one sixteenth extra, and when beyond 80's, one-eighth extra. All machines working with single cotton in the warp, one-eighth extra. (2.) 12 quarters, 10 points, making plain silk goods, %d. per rack. 12 quarters, 10 points, making Queen's or other breadths, Id. per rack- and to be raised -,V7. per quarter of 9 inches on all machines above 12 quarters making silk, 144 LACE TRADE. There is an extra for working jacked-off silk or silk that hais already been used on other bobbins of ^d. per rack, and extras are also fixed for taping and craping. With regard to machines of intervening breadths, the following provision is made : All odd inches in the machines to be added together, and if they amount to 6 inches to be paid for as 13 inches. It will be noticed that the list, though providing for variations in breadth, makes no provision for lace of different fineness or " gauge." In practice, however, finer lace is paid for according to the list by a simple calculation. The prices for 15 point 12 quarters, for instance, 12 x 15 would be the same as for 10 point and '" ' or 18 quarters. It was found, however, that this method, as applied to laces of coarse gauge, brought out the wages rather too low, and the following special list was agreed to for gauges below 10 : 1 Gauge. Quarters. 6 7 8 and 9 d. d. dL 16 H V B* 1 It 1 JU$ 22 *? g l" ; 234 25 r 14 1? This list is subject to the following extras : When working with 40*8 cotton in the bobbin, T \d. per rack extra. Whan working with 30's cotton or coarser in the bobbin, %d. per rack extra. 9-point machines working cotton finer than 60's two fold in the bobbin shall be paid to the plain net card. No extras to be paid when working 32's, 40's, or 50's single cotton in the bobbin. When working 60's, 70's or 80*8, one-sixteenth extra, and when beyond 80's, one-eighth extra. Neither of these two lists makes any allowance for the closeness of the holes in the length of the lace, the price being per rack of 240 holes independently of this consideration. The following summary of the list for making cotton quillings may be given as an instance of a case in which, such an allowance is made, the prices per rack being higher, as the number of holes is less, i.e., as the length corresponding to a rack increases : COTTON QUILLINGS. 12 quarter* 10 points. Over 12 holes, %d. per rack. 12 holes to 7 holes, Id. per rack. Under 7 holes, I$d. per rack. Above 12 quarters, &d. per quarter. Above 10 points to be counted in the width of the machine. Extra for taping, \d. per rack. for single cotton in the warp, ^d. The lists above quoted will be sufficient to indicate the principles on which piece rates are calculated in this branch. The other lists deal NOTTINGHAM CURTAIN MACHINE LIST. 145 with stiff quality plain nets, silk quillings, Brussels or five twist, mechlin nets, diamonds, sprig nets with traverse ground, and traverse nets with spotting. Curtain Machines. In this machine, in addition to the warp threads, there are a number of threads, each coming off a separate spool, which are used in making the pattern. The question of which thread or threads shall be brought into operation depends upon a series of steel points which are moved from above by a modification of the Jacquard system used in pattern weaiving. In this system the movements of a number of rods or wires are controlled by a series of perforated cards, the positions of the holes stamped in these cards determining which of the rods or wires shall and which shall not move at any time. Any thread thus brought into operation is thrown by a " spool bar " over a certain fixed number of warp threads, the thread so thrown being held up by points and fastened in position by the threads from the bobbins, which, as in the plain net machine, swing between the warp threads, but do not in this case have any traversing motion. In the more complicated varie- ties of the curtain machine there are also other arrangements for pinch- ing together two warp threads, and so on, but in the simplest form of machine the pattern is produced entirely in the manner described. The intervals between the warp threads are known as " gates," and a curtain in which the pattern consists of warp threads with spool threads thrown in places over three such intervals is a three gate curtain. Two fairly common varieties of this simple type are the double action four gate curtain, in which the Jacquard has twice as many motions as the lace machine itself, so that the threads can be thrown over two or four gates, and the machine with two or more spool bars, each throwing the threads over a different number of gates. In the list -of prices for goods made upon the curtain machine, which wais agreed to in 1897, these varieties are all provided for by standard lists, viz. : Standard I. For ordinary two, three, or fooir gate curtains. Standard II. For double-action four gate curtains. Standard VII. For curtains made with two -spool bars. As regards the remaining standard lists, Standard VI., in which the prices are rather higher than in Standard I., is for goods made with additional bars or extras not provided for in other standards ; Standards III., IV., and V. are for muslin goods, according as they are made with one bar not full threaded, one full threaded bar, or two bars not full threaded; Standard VIII. is for Combination and Swiss or Madras curtains made with two spool bars ; Standard IX. for purls and scollops, laces, and Hamburgh nets; and Standard X. for silk nets or other unfinished goods. All goods made with silk are paid under the last-mentioned standard, except goods made under Standards VII., VIII., and IX. 30321 K 146 LACE TRADE. As the general principle of payment is the same in each standard, it will be sufficient to give the first of these as a specimen. The following are the prices in pennies and thirty-seconds of a penny for ordinary three gate curtains : Q T o Gauge. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 I 19 po pi ps po 1 A J - 1 - 17 pa 1" p, p* ps po 2 2 1 2 2 2* 98 2 io 18 19 I 26 pe p7 ps I 29 2 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 2* 2* 2 6 2 8 2 12 2 13 20 p7 ps p 9 po po 2 2 2 5 2 8 2 8 2 10 2 14 2 1 5 21 I 29 po po pi 2 24 2 7 2 8 2 io 2 11 2 15 2 17 23 po pi 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 a 2 2 2 3 2 6 2 8 2 9 2 LO 8 2 2 - - 24 2 a 2 2 2 3 2 3 2* 2 9 2 12 p. JU 917 g.l 2 22 25 26 2 3 2* 2 3 2 s 2 6 2 5 2 7 2 6 2 8 2 13 f . Jit 2 20 ;- 2 2G 27 28 2 6 2 8 2 7 2 8 2 8 2 9 2 8 2 io 2 9 2 11 2 17 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 29 910 2 10 910 2 ia 2 13 2 18 2 21 V22 2 2* 2 " 2 31 30 31 2 n 2 13 2 12 2 1 * 2 13 2 1 * 2 16 2 22 2 25 2' 2G 2 26 2 28 2 29 3 1 3 3 32 ?3 2 16 2 17 2 18 2 19 2 ao 2 2S 2 28 2 29 3 31 3 1 d 3 5 3 7 34 2 18 2 19 2 20 2 20 321 2 2G 2 30 2 31 3 1 3 2 3 7 3 8 35 920 2 ao 2 21 2 aa 2 22 2 28 3 3 1 3 2 3 4 3 8 310 36 321 y* 2 22 2 23 2 2 * 2 so 3 1 3 2 3 4 3 5 310 312 37 2 22 2 23 2 2 * 2 24 2 25 3 3 3 3* 3 s 3 7 312 31, 38 2 a * 2 * 2 2S 2 26 2 27 3 a 3* 3 s 3 7 3 9 3 1 * 316 39 2 25 2 26 2 27 2 28 2 29 3 s 3 s 3 7 3 9 3 11 3 ie 317 40 2 27 238 2 29 230 2*0 3 s 3 8 39 3 11 313 317 319 All widths above 40 quarters up to and including 12 points to advance 2 32 per quarter and 1/32 per gauge. Above 12 points and up to 16 to advance 2/32 per quarter and 2,32 per gauge. All Curtains up to and including 8 points, when punched straight through, to be paid as Curtain Net. Two gate curtains are paid ^d. less and four gate :1 7 . 2 r/. more than the above. Toilets, bed covers, eider downs, &c., are paid wV/. less than curtains. The additions to this card also provide for unfinished goods, for goods jnade with one lacing thread, and for colours in cottons, NOTTINGHAM LEVERS MACHINE LIST. 147 The other standard lists are generally similar in construction, and need not be here given in detail. Payment in every case is made not for a definite length, but for a " rack," i.e., for a certain number of " motions," each swing of the bobbins to or fro constituting a motion. Thus a rack may vary con- siderably in length, according to the coarseness or fineness of the lace made. The standard rack is 1,440 motions. The price for a ra-ck depends, as in the plain net machine, on the breadth measured in quarters of a yard, and on the closeness of the warp measured by the number of points to the inch. In the case of the curtain machine, as in the case of the first list quoted above for the plain net machine, the price is always per rack, independently of the length that goes to the rack, Levers Machine. In this, the most important lace machine, a number of strips of lace of the same pattern are usually made at once in the breadth of a machine. Thus a number of the threads used in making the pattern will always be moving simultaneously. Consequently the threads do not all come off separate spools as in the curtain machine, but are divided into- groups, each group coming off a roller, like a miniature weaver's beam. Each group passes through holes in a, thin bar running along the whole breadth of the lace being made. The pattern is put in by these bars, which are directly controlled by a Jacquard, whose action determines which bar shall shift the threads it holds across the wairp, and also how far (over how many gates) the bar shall move. As in the curtain machine, these threads are held up by points and fastened in their place by the bobbin threads swinging through the warp, but while in the curtain machine the Jacquard only controls the question of which threads shall be thrown across the warp, these threads being usually thrown across three, or a,t most four gates, in the levers machine the bars can be moved by the Jacquard across a varying number of gates, greater in many cases than in the curtain machine, before they return to their place. The list for the levers section of the trade is more voluminous than either of the other two lists hitherto described. It takes account, first, of the classes of lace being made, each class having a separate card or subdivision of the list to itself; secondly, of the number of points to the inch; thirdly, of the number of bars; fourthly, of the length of the " rack." The " rack " is defined as a certain number of motions, generally, in the levers branch, 1,920, each swing of the bobbins to or fro constituting a motion. The fineness of the lace, shown by the number of points to the inch, the number of bars used, and the length of the rack made, indicate in some degree the difficulties experi- enced by the lace maker. The piece lists are all calculated for a 16 quarters machine, it being provided that for machines of other widths the prices shall be more or less in proportion to the full rack price. Often bars are grouped in two sets, one above the other. The following summary of the list for Silk, Spanish, or Spanish guipure 30321 K 2 148 LACE TRADE. shawls, nets, or laces, made with top and bottom bars, may be taken as a specimen. Standard. 9 points, 16 quarter machine, length of rack, 25 to 30 inches, double warps and double gimps, up to 40 top bars and 120 bottom bars. Price per rack, IQd. The following are the allowances made for variations from the standard, each detail of the above standard being taken in order : Points above 9 to be added to the width of the machine!. Points below 9 to be reduced ait the rate of \d. per half gauge down to 6 points. No reduction below 6 points. Machines above or below 16 quarters to be paid more or less m proportion to the full rack price. For every 5 or portion of 5 inches over 30 inches to the rack, \d. more; below 25 inches, \d. less. Single warp, 2d. per rack less; treble warp, Id. more. For every 10 or portion of 10 top bars above 40 and including 60, \d. per rack, and for every 5 or portion of 5 above 60, \d. per rack. For every 30 or portion of 30 bottom bars above 120, \d. per rack. Stump bars when worked from the Jacquard to be counted as top bars. A " stump bar," which is referred to in the last clause, is a, bar moving a proportion of the warp, usually one fourth. The material used is assumed to be all silk. It is provided that the price for at mixture of silk and cotton on warp or bobbins shall be the same as all silk, and that all cotton shall be 2d. per rack less than silk. The following extras to the list also deal with material. Silk, tussah, wool, or China grass, worked from independent beams, on cotton ground, Id. per rack. For working cotton 16's 3-fold or coarser in 9 or 10 points, %d. for every 100 or portion of 100 threads ; finer than 10 points, \d. for every 75 or portion of 75 threads. Gauges under 9 points working 16's 3-fold, %d. for every 125 or portion of 125 threads. Coarser numbers than 16's 3-fold, %d. for every 100 or portion of 100 threads, or the equivalent in silk. The following extras deal with colours : Black or pearl white single warp, 2d. per rack, double warp, 3d. per rack. Colours, corded, gold or metal threads, %d. for every 50 or portion of 50 threads up to 600 threads. No advance beyond. When 3d. per rack is paid for black or pearl white no addition to be paid for colours, gold or metal threads. Material which has been dyed to represent the natural colours of silk, cotton, wool or linen shall not be paid for as colours. There are also other extras, as, for instance, for special sorts of net- work ground, known as ensor ground and four-motion ensor ground, which are paid Id. and l^d. respectively extra per rack, and for changing cards in the Jacquard, for which \\d. per rack is paid up to 3 packs, and Id. per rack above 3 packs. AUXILIARY LACE WORKERS' LIST. 149 It will not be necessary to deal in detail with other classes of lace, but it may be of interest, in order to show the variety of the list, to give here a summary of the standard price per rack for making the principal classes of lace on a 16 quarter machine, giving in each case the principal determining factors as laid down in the standard. ] Mature of Standard. Price Name of Lace. No. of Length Number of bars. per raok of 1,92W points. of rack. Top. Bottom. motions. Silk Spanish or Spanish guipure Inches. shawls, nets, or laces d. Made with top and bottom bars 9 2530 40 120 10 With top bars 9 2430 30 8 Silk blonde laces- Made with top and bottom bars 9 1525 40 120 74 Half bars or quarter bars With top bars 9 9 1525 15-25 20 30 6 Large silk sprigs 9i & 10 2030 10 64 Spot or sprig nets 9i & 10 Up to 30 4 J* Silk masque, falls, and streamers Cotton guipures, Maltese, Cluny's and 9| & 10 20-30 12-15 16 20 5 Bagley's. Torchon . . . . . 9J & 10 Up to 30 9 5 Hamburgh nets & laces, & Russian point Oldknow's and Swiss trimmings Wool Yak, half-gauge Full gauge 9A&10 9 44 & 54 9 1825 20-25 Up to 25 Up to 25 20 20 50 31-50 Si 10 12 Per rack of 3,840 Bobbin fining Valenciennes With top and bottom bars 10 18-24 60 motions. iot With top bars 10 18-24 30 10 Gimped Valenciennes 10 20-26 30 j 11 Plaits or Valenciennes 10 1014 40 10 * With d. for every five bars up to 20. f With d. for every ten top or portion of ten bars. I When bottom bars are used, same to be paid for as top bars. Auxiliary Lace Workers. Uniform price lists for auxiliary workers have been agreed upon in 1899 in connection with the levers and curtain branches. The follow- ing is the list for those working in connection with levers machines. " Winding " consists in putting the silk or cotton on the bobbins, a number being generally wound at once. " Threading " consists of putting the bobbins in the carriages and arranging the thread in posi- tion. " Pressing " is resorted to in order to make the bobbin take up less room. " Jacking- off" consists in removing the superfluous thread from the bobbins. WINDING. 60 and over at once up to and including 10 points all lengths (cotton) Over 10 points all lengths ... ... ... ... Silk all lengths up to and including 10 points Over 10 points all lengths ... ... ... ...- ... Black all lengths 1 at once winding (cotton) _ 1 (silk) 1 Black ... d. per 1000 2 2 extra extra per 1000 150 LACE TRADE. SILK tfKADE. THREADING. Cotton 5 per Silk 6| PRESSING. Where men are engaged on time work, the wages shall not be less than at the rate of twenty shillings per week. Above this rate, employers and employees to make their own arrangements. Where threaders do their own pressing, 60?. per set. JACKING-OFF (Piece Work). . d. Cotton 5 per 1000 Silk 6 JACKING-OFF or GENERALLY ASSISTING. Boys over 14 years of age to commence (after the first three months with one firm) at five shillings per week, to be raised periodically each six mouths, according to merit. Where threaders or winders over 18 years of age are put to other labour, thereby losing their proper work, 4f7. per hour to be paid. The above to come into operation for payment on the first pay day after April 15th, 1899. SILK TRADE. Macclesfleld List. The lists of prices for silk weaving in Macclesfield are only enforced among the silk handloom weavers working inside the factories, of whom in August, 1899, there were about 350. There are several hun- dred handloom weavers working in their own homes. The exact num- ber is not obtainable, estimates of different emplovers ranging from 600 to 1,200. These outside weavers are not paid by the printed lists, but the individual bargains made between them and their employers are determined to a considerable extent by reference to 1 them. It is mainly in the matter of extras that the earnings of the outside weavers fall below those of the inside weavers. The lists given as specimens are described as the " Pockets " lists. These " pockets " or handkerchiefs are also technically termed " surats/' The lists are frequently used. The lists have as a basis what is called the " 1849 List of Prices," drawn up by a joint committee of employers and weavers, and the specimens given here are from the "New Corrected List of Prices," reprinted in 1880, and from the " Supplement to the 1849 List and New Lists of Prices," first published in 1876 and reprinted in 1891. MACCLESFIELD LIST. 151 Price List for Plain Pockets. 1,800 and 2,000 2-threads to be paid the same price; 21 inches, 2s. 4Jcf. per cut of 7 squares; from 21 to 30 inches, \%d. an inch per cut extra; from 30 to 34 inches, 3d. an inch per cut extra; and from 34 to 36 inches, Qd. an inch per cut extra. Width of Cloth. Inches. 1,800 and 2,000 2-threads per Cut. 2,200 2-threads per Cut. 2,400 2-threads per Cut. 2,700 2-threads per Cut. 3,000 2-threads per Cut. *. d. d. d. d *. d. 21 2 44 26 1 74 2 11 3 4 22 2 6 2 8 2 9| 3 I 3 6 24 2 74 2 94 29 2 11 2 11 3 1 1 5s 3 10 25 2 104 3 04 3 24 3 6 3 11 26 3 3 2 3 4 3 1\ t 4 1 27 3 14 3 34 3 54 3 9 4 2 28 3 S 3 5 3 7 3 10.] i 4 34 29 3 44 3 64 3 84 4 4 5 30 3 6 3 8 3 10 4 1J 4 64 31 3 9 3 11 4 1 4 4i 4 !'' 32 4 4 2 4 4 4 7 5 04 33 4 3 4 5 4 7 4 1'Oi 5 34 34 4 6 4 8 4 10 5 1 5 64 35 5 5 2 5 4 5 1-. 6 OJ 36 5 6 5 8 5 10 6 U 6 64 For each additional ground thread from 21 to 30 inches, Qd. per cut; and from 30 to 36 inches, Is. per cut. If made double in the leish to be paid the same as an extra thread. If " turned- up " From 21 to 30 inches, 9d. per cut. 30 ,, 36 1*. [When works are made with a "reverse twill," one twill to be paid "turn-up" price. Whenever two sets of treadles are used, the product of one set to be paid " turn-up " price.] If entered in spaces or point, 9d. per dozen. Crowded selvages to be paid according to the rule which provides for extra satin threads in borders and stripes. All corded handkerchiefs Qd. per dozen. If shot " Pick-and-Pick," up to 30 inches, Is. Qd. per dozen, and from 30 to 36 inches, 2s. per dozen. If made with fringes, irrespective of length and without any regard as to how they are fringed, Is. per dozen. Extra shuttles to be charged according to the plain cut- up shuttle scale. Explanations. The 1,800 and 2,000 reeds are the lowest counts taken into considera- tion; no reduction is made for lower counts. By 2-threads is indicated that two warp threads are passed between each pair of " dents " or " teeth " of the reed. It was formerly the custom to charge by " sevens " ; in more recent times charges are made by " dozens." A " ground " thread is a warp thread. A " double " thread is the name given to two threads passed through the eye of the " harness " or " gear." The " leish " is the linen part of the harness and contains the " eye," a knotted hole ; the wooden bars of the harness on which the leish is stretched are called the " shafts." In the harness of a figure loom the leish is called the "mail," and the "eye" is of metal. SILK TRADE. A twill is a cloth in which the threads run diagonally, an effect produced by the weft passing under one and over two or more warp threads alternately. Sometimes the reverse process is required, a reverse twill is wanted, i.e., a shute or weft twill on the warp twill, in which case a greater number of warp threads have to be lifted up. This is called a " turn-up," and is required, e.g., for a stripe. The greater the number of warp threads raised the heavier the work for the weaver, and therefore extra pay is required. When cloth is woven in stripes, they are made in different " shafts " coupled together ; this is called " entered in spaces or point." The selvage is much thicker and firmer than the body of the cloth. To make a crowded selvage several threads are crammed between the same pair of dents. Prices before this extra was enforced had included the selvage as being a necessary part of every cloth. " Corded " handkerchiefs have a* cord pattern round the border. " Pick and pick " is the term used when there are two colours and one follows the other. This is paid at a higher rate than one colour only. Price List for Figured Pockets. Price per dozen squares for a width of 24 inches. 1 800 2000 2 900 2400 2700 3000 *. d. s. d. .v d. s. d. .v. d. *. d. 2 threads 3 1 8 1 3 8 3 1 6 8 9 1 9 9 3 8 S 10 9 11 4 9 9 3 9 6 10 11 I'i 5 10 10 6 11 11 9 12 9 13 9 8 11 11 6 12 12 6 13 6 14 9 7 11 9 12 3 12 9 13 3 14 3 15 6 8 12 13 13 6 14 15 16 3 For extra width: From 24 to 28 inches 30 34 34 36 Extras. For each additional thread: From 24 to 30 inches 30 3t> Is. an inch per dozen. 1. per dozen. If made double in the mail, to be paid the same as an extra thread. If "turned-up": From 24 to 30 inches ............ 1*. per dozen. 30 36 ............ 1*. 6d. [Definition. Turn-up on figured work is a clear line of cloth unbroken with figure (from side to side). But whenever upright satin borders -r stripes or plain borders or stripes are introduced and crossed to match, in all such cases such cross borders or stripes are " turn-up," and shall be paid the turn-up price.] Crowded selvages to be paid according to the rule which provides for extra satin threads in borders and stripes. Under 24 inches in width, Deduction per inch per dozen. KIDDERMINSTER AND HALIFAX BRUSSELS CARPET LIST. 153 Leek and Congleton List. The ribbon and smallware trade in Leek and Congleton is governed by lists of prices in existence since 1879, with additions made to meet the new requirements of the trade. The latest addition to> the lists was agreed to by employers and employed on February 28th, 1899. From the list of prices for weaving fancy goods and dress bands the following extract is given : PRICES FOR WEAVING DRESS BANDS (lj INCHES WIDE). Material Ends in Warps. Shut.es per inch. Shuttles per Band. Shuttle Loom. Price per Gross. s d. Silk (program edge) 500 340 60 60-66 3 3 14-16 16-18 13 10 6 340 60-66 4 16-18 11 6 11 (plain) 340 70 1 24-30 5 6 Cotton 208 106-110 1 30-32 6 3 208 106-110 2 24-3H 7 * 20S 106-110 3 24-30 8 208 6(5-70 1 24-30 5 * m 66-70 2 24-30 6 304 60 1 30-36 4 6 208 44-50 1 24-30 5 ," silk warp 208 106-110 1 30-32 6 9 " " 208 106-110 2 24-30 7 6 208 106-110 3 24-30 8 3 Soft cotton " . . 304 296 70 60-64 1 1 30-36 16-18 5 6 10 (60 in plain') . . . 240 ) part. ( ) 100 in name ( 1 24-30 6 ( part. ) Plain satin 208 46-50 1 30-32 4 The above bands not to exceed one yard per band. The number of different shuttles used for each band has nothing to do with the number of shuttles to a loom ; a 30 shuttle loom is one on which 30 bands can be woven at once. CARPET TRADE. Kidderminster and Halifax List. In 1882 the following list of prices for Brussels carpets was agreed to by a Committee of employers and workmen in the Kidderminster district, and was subsequently adopted as the standard list for the Halifax district : WEAVING. Jirnsaels Five-Frame Looms. Double shed, f-wide, 9 wires to an inch 2d. per yard. ,. 4-4ths and |ths wide 3d. ., |ths and f wove in 4-4ths loom 3d. Single shed, f wide 2^d. ,. 4-4ths and Jths wide 3*d. |th and f wove in a 4-4ths loom 3d. Manchester loom, | wide 2fd. Henderson's 2 l d - > 2-4ths and |ths wove in a fths loom same as f 5-frame with stuffer <* ,. extra. 154 CARPET TRADE. Where not exceeding 1,300 ends are used either in staffer, shafts, or harness in a loom tied up for 5-frames, the same price to be paid as for 5-frames. Each additional wire to be paid in proportion to the above rates, and a deduction to be made in the same proportion in respect of each wire when less than 9 are used. lirussels Six- Frame Loom ft. Double shed where the 6 quarters are at work 2d. per yard ,, 6th quarter is taken out of Jacjuard 2|d. Single shed where the 6 quarters are at work ... ... ... 2fd. 6th quarter is taken out of Jacquard ... 2d. NOTE. The above prices to include keeping the quarters in repair, and for all qualities of carpet, excluding velvet and five-frame with stuff er. 3-4ths 5-Frame, 3-Shoot. 1.0 wires to the inch 3r/. per yard. 6-Frame ,. 4|d. 4-4ths 5-Frame ... ... ... 5d. Two Slioot Velvet. 5-Frame with Stuffer, 9 to 9 wires to an inch 3%d. per yard. 5-Frame without Stuff er 3d. 6-Frame with Stuffer, 9 to 9J wires to an inch 3%d. 6-Frame without Stuffer 3^. Additional wires to be paid in proportion to the above rates, but no deduction from price to be made if a less number than 10 wires are used. Saxony and extra high wire to be paid for at the rate of 28*. per week, and what can be earned over and above at statement price. ALTERATIONS. *. d. Re-Slaying 3-4ths wide 9 4-4ths 1 Tying in a small chain 2-4ths wide 4| 5-8ths 5 3-4ths , 6 4-4ths 8 Stuffer 2-4ths 1 ^^ Q g o-sths v double ;;; '" ;;; "' " 8 3-4ths ) . .:-, ( single ... ... ... ... ... 8 4-4ths | ^^ Q 1Q Putting in New Gear (per Shaft) 9 Drawing in a Double or Single Stuffer, or tying to a frame 1 1 Taking out Stuffer.,, 6 Changing a Frame of 260 Bobbins 1 1 Shaded Chintz Frame of 260 Bobbins 1 4 In like proportion for less or greater number. Drawing up a Frame of 260 Bobbins 1 1 from 5-8ths to 3-4ths 2 9 3-4ths to 7-8ths or 7-8ths to 4-4ths 2 9 3-4ths to 4-4ths 3 9 2-4ths to 3-4ths 3 9 2-4ths to 5-8ths 2 9 NOTE. Tying in one or both Chains, taking or fetching weights and pegs, included in the above prices. COKGLETON FUSTIAN CtJTTING LIST. PIECING BACK. v. (1. Brussels Up to 4 2 yards of Carpet ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 1 and for every additional yard or part of a yard of Carpet ... ... y Velvet Up to 4 yards of Carpet 1 4 and for every additional yard or part of a yard of Carpet ... ... 4 Shaded Chintz Frame Up to 4 1 yards additional ... ... 3 Cutting down from 3-4ths to 5-8ths and 5-8ths to 2-4ths, or where 260 Bobbins are cut down (including winding up of Worsteds and taking away Bobbins) ... " ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 Slips to be paid for as yardage. Plants to be paid for as | hour each. Drawing in after piecing back to be paid for, after 18 frames, as hour work. Time work, per hour 5d. NOTE. All the foregoing payments made subject to the Weaver giving the whole of his time and attention to the work. FUSTIAN TRADE. Cong-leton Fustian Cutting List. Fustian cutting is the name given to the process by which the " pile " is raised on fustian, corduroy, velveteen, and similar cotton goods. The goods are in general woven and cut in different towns, being given out by a few firms, who buy the good's from the manufac- turers and get them cut at a contract .price by ithe master cutters. Congleton is one of the principal centres of the fustian cutting trade, and the prices paid by the members of tihe local Master Cutters' Association to their workpeople are given below. The stuffs cut in this and in neighbouring towns consist of light goods, known when cut as velveteens, cotton velvets, &c. Before giving the list a short account of the nature of the process may be of interest. The material is so woven that certain threads in the weft can be cut to form the pile without disintegrating the material. The special knives used in the cutting 'are inserted between the warp threads of the material, which is stretched on frames for the purpose, and the cut- ting is performed by the operative inserting the knife and walking with it along the length of the frame. In " race " cutting the knife is inserted in twice the number of places as compared with " slip " cutting. The frames in use in Congleton are, for the most part, about 12 yards long. It is the practice for each operative to work two frames, between which he walks, the cutting being done on one frame in one direction 'and on the otter frame on the return journey. Once the knife is inserted in the right place the operative can v/alk with it at a fair speed along the frame, so long as there is no fault in the weaving. Much of the skill involved in the cutting consists in the ability of the operative to stop the knife directly he feels any such f ault, and so prevent it going through the fabric and making a hole. The list, as will appear, provides for a deduction for holes. 156 FUSTIAN TRADE. Sometimes "slip" cutting is done with two knives at once, but although this economises labour, the resultaint increase in output, in a given time, is not so great as might appear at first sight to be the case, as although only half the distance is walked, the number of times that the knife has to be inserted remains the same as before. It may be of (interest to state that in cutting 22 J inch slip with one knife there will be about 450 cuts or insertions! of the knife in the breadth of the cloth. Each piece of 150 yards (will, therefore, involve a) walk of between 38 and 39 miles 1 . It is not infrequent for an able cutter to cut from 4 to 6 such pieces per week. The goods, before they are cut, are treated with limewash. The liming is frequently done by 'the operative. Whan the goods to be cut are ready limed 9 24 m 9 6 26 11 33 15 3 SLIP VELVETEENS 44 .. " 16 22 inches 9 RACE VELVETS : 26 and 27 inche s 11 18 inches > ' 15 19 15 6 20 ,, 16 110 14 6 22! ", 140 to 145 17 6 145 to 150 18 24 " ! 110 16 24 140 to 145 19 6 24 145 to 150 20 25 106 16 TWILL VELVETS : 24 110 to 112 20 25 105 to 110 20 Other lengths and widths in proportion. Threepence per piece less for limed goods and threepence per piece less for stiffened slips, except 5 8 velveteens. Tears across, sixpence each. All holes made in race or slips to be charged one halfpenny each ; marks, one halfpenny per piece ; and sweeping, one penny per long run, and one halfpenny short frames. In January, 1900, an advance of 3d. per piece on slip work and of >d. per piece on race work was granted ; this was followed in February by a further advance of 3d. on slip work and of Qd. on race work. LEICESTER ELASTIC WEB LIST. 157 ELASTIC WEB TRADE. Leicester List. A price list in the Leicester and district elastic web trade was agreed to by a joint committee of employers and employed on August 13th, 1888, and was subsequently revised on April 16th, 1890. In February, 1898, a revised list was agreed to for a particular estab- lishment at which improved machinery had been introduced. The fol- lowing extracts from these two lists relate to terry webs (webs with more threads of warps per .inch than plain webs) woven with lustre wool and schappe warps. A list was also agreed to on April 21st, 1890, by a joint committee for the Coventry and district elastic web trade, but it affects very few people. I. Terry Webs. LUSTRE WOOL AND SCHAPPE. 5 Leash. 16 dent and under, 4 inch to 5 inch ... ... ... 9|d. ; narrows, 8|d. Over 16 to 19 ll^d. ; 9fd. Over 19 to 22 Is. Ofd. ; 11 jd. Cotton warps to be Jd. per dozen less. 6 and 7 Leash. 16 dent and under, over 5 inch, Is. Ifd. ; 6 to 4J, llfd. ; 4, 9|d. ; 3J and 3, 8|d. ; 2 and under, 7fd. Over 16 to 19 Is. 3fd. ; 5J to 4, Is. Hd. ; 4, lOfd. : 3J and 3, 9fd. ; 2 and under, 8|d. Over 19 to 22 Is. 5Jd. ; 5 to 4, Is. 2|d. ; 4, Is. O^d. ; 3 and 3 , lOf d ; 2* and under, 9f d. Cotton warps, Jd. per dozen less ; 44 picks and over, IJd. per dozen extra. 8 and 9 Leash. - 16 dent and under, over 5J inch, Is. 4|d. ; 5J to 4|, Is. 2d. ; 4, llfd. ; 3J and 3 10|d. ; 2j and under, 9d. Over 16 to 19 Is. 6fd. ; 5J to 4J, Is. 3d. ; 4, Is. Ofd. ; 3J and 3, ll^d. ; 2 and under, 10*d. Over 19 to 22 Is. 8Jd. ; 5J to 4^, Is. o|d. ; 4, Is. 2|d. ; 3 and 3, Is. 0|d., 2J and under, ll^d. Cotton warps, l^d. per dozen less. The above extract is from the list in operation in the general trade. The prices for the same webs woven by new machinery are given below. II. Prices for Terry Webs made in Looms of 3-inch slot and under SCHAPPE AND WOOL. 5, 6, and 7 leash. 16 dent and under ... ... ... 3d. per inch. Over 16 to 19 dent 3d. Over 19 to 22 dent 4{d. Over 44 picks $d. per inch extra. 158 TWINE TRADE. 8 and 9 leash. 16 dent and under 3^d. per inch. Over 16 to 19 dent 4d. Over 19 to 22 dent 4|d. Over 44: picks d. per inch extra. A 16 dent slay is one with 16 dents or teeth to the inch. The rate per inch given in the above list is the rate per dozen yards for each inch of width. Twine Spinning* and Dressing. A list for twine spinning and dressing at Grimsby was agreed to and signed on behalf of the employers and workpeople on the 31st October, 1891. In a letter received in October, 1899, the Secretary of the Twine Spinners' and Dressers' Association stated that in the beginning of 1899, 240 men were paid by the list, while at the date of his letter only 40 were employed. Accounting for this, he says : " the twine spinning industry by hand is a matter of history, as the employers are about to build a factory to make twine by machine." The following is an extract from the list : TWINES. New list, s. d. Packing, 3-thread, 12 cords per doz. 1 11 Dredging, 3-thread, 10 cords 22 Cod end, 4-thread, 9 cords 2 10 cords 22 11 cords 24 Threes-and-halfs 22 Fours, crab pot, hard laid ., 29 Fours-and-halfs, crab pot, hard laid ... ... ... ... 30 Fives, crab pot, hard laid 3 3 Pot legs, double topped 3 3 lielly twine, 3-thread, 16 cords 2 (5 Fours-and-halfs, 3-thread, 18 cords ... 29 Back twine, 3-thread, 20 cords 3 Fives-and-halfs, 3-thread, 22 cords 3 3 Sixes twine, 3-thread, 24 cords 3 fi Sevens twine, 3-thread, 28 cords ... ... ... ... ... 43 Eights twine, 3-thread, 32 cords ... ... ... ... ... 5 o Nines twine, 3-thread, 36 cords ... ... ... ... ... ., 5 6 Tens snood, two ply 60 Twisting jute yarn, per doz., lOd. All spun, eighty yards. DRESSING. Manilla , per doz. 10d. Eights or tens ll^d. Hemp dressing sd. Let- down Manilla .. 7d. 159 CLOTHING TRADES. BOOT AND SHOE TKADE. There are few industries in which the conditions of employment have been so entirely altered in the course of a few years as in the boot and shoe trade. From the condition of a pure handicraft, in which each article was made throughout by the hand labour -of one worker or group of workers, all these trades have been gradually changed in character. The adoption of new methods of con- struction, and the introduction of machinery, have converted them from crafts producing on a comparatively small scale, into wholesale industries, carried on in large factories, under a system of sub-division of labour, and producing goods in enormous quantities. Meanwhile the old handicraft system has gone on side by side with the newer and more mechanical industry, though in gradually decreasing bulk. Under both aspects the making of boots and shoes seems naturally a piece-work industry. Under the old system the boots to be made were generally taken away by the work- man and made in. his own home, apart from the eye of any task- master, and payment at certain rates for complete or sectional work was almost universally by the piece. Under the modern system, as carried on in large establishments, work became systematised, and was given out in sections. The work became a continual repetition of similar or identical operations, and again with some exceptions, the piece work system was found most acceptable to both parties. There- fore, in both sections of the trade, work and. prices have gradually become classified, and numerous piece work price lists have been ar- ranged. Some of these, however, are not yet generally adopted, and a large proportion of the work of the trade is still done under a time work system.* These price lists are varied and complicated, and the transition stages through which the trade has been passing has caused them to be subject to many changes within the last few years. A few of the lists may be used for purposes of illustration, with such explana- tions as may be necessary to indicate some of the changes which have occurred in the trade. MACHINE WORK. Piece-work prevails very largely in the boot and shoe trade, except in the case of operatives working certain kinds of machinery, who are more usually paid at time rates. In the machine branch of the trade the piece-rates payable for each operation in various classes of goods are embodied in elaborate piece lists or " statements," varying in dif- ferent localities. Some of these lists, though practically operative, have not been formally agreed to by representatives of employers and * For detailed particulars as to the methods of production and general con- dition of this trade, reference may be made to " Reports on the Volume and Effects of Recent Immigration from Eastern Europe into the United Kingdom." (C 740R of 1804.) 160 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. employed, but most of the important statements have been determined by representative local boards of conciliation and arbitration by which, from time to time, they are revised. In order that these statements may be made clear, it is necessary to understand the meaning of the terms by which the different opera- tions in the trade are described. These operations may, generally speaking, be divided into four main classes, viz. : (1) " Clicking," or the cutting-out of the leather for the " uppers," and "rough-stuff cutting," or the cutting-out of the "bottomstuff" for the heel and sole ; (2) the sewing or " closing " of the uppers ; (3) the "lasting" of the boot or shoe, i.e., the bringing together of upper and sole on the last ; (4) the " finishing " of the boot or shoe, including the paring of the sole and heel with ai knife, and various subsidiary finishing operations, e.g., blacking the heel, polishing or burnishing the edges of the sole and heel, &c. The most important of these operations, so far a the statements are concerned, are the lasting and finishing, which employ probably the majority of the whole number .of operatives engaged in the trade. The Department has in its possession a large number of copies of the " statements " prevailing in the principal centres of the trade. These are too bulky for publication in full, and a selection has therefore been made, extracts being given from a few of those state- ments which have been mutually agreed upon between employers a.nd employed, together with brief explanations with a view to making clear the principles on which they have been constructed. The following account of the piece-list regulating the wages of lasters and finishers in the London boot and shoe trade will explain the principles of classification adopted. (a.) London. The first " statement " drawn up in London in 1872 for the whole- sale trade was based on the grading, not of employers, but of classes of boots, the classification depending mainly on the nature of the material. This statement embraced some fifteen firms producing the highest class goods in the wholesale trade. In 1875 a new " second-class " statement was introduced, applicable to about 25 employers turning out goods on the whole inferior to but competing with those manufactured by employers working on the former statement. As in the " first-class " statement, the graduation of the boots is principally based on material. Until 1890 the firms outside the limits of the two statements specified above (i.e., the great bulk of the makers of the medium and lower class goods) escaped all general regulation as to piece-prices, though a few were induced to adopt special agreements (or " shop statements") with wages scales lower than the second-class statement. In 1884 an abortive attempt was made to bring the lower-class firms under regulation, but it was not until the re-organisation of the trade in 1890, with the accompaniment of indoor workshops and the forma.- tion of an arbitration board, that a uniform statement was intro- duced. Thus at present the manufacturers in the wholesale (like the hand- sewn) trade are classified for purposes of determining piece-rates LONDON UNIFORM STATEMENT (HOME TRADE). 161 into three groups, according to the character of the goods chiefly produced. Within each group the classes of boots produced are further classified, the graduation depending chiefly on the materials used. (1.) The " Uniform" Statement (for the Home Trade). Of the above three "statements," it will be sufficient to describe in detail the "uniform" (or minimum) statement of 1890, which is applicable to the great majority of London firms, and is, therefore, far the most important of the London lists for lasters and finishers. The piece-prices are based upon a standard boot or shoe, with a scale of extras or deductions for variations from that standard. Given the form and character of the boot or shoe, the second element in determining the price is the nature of the material. WOMEN'S WORK. The following is the description given in the statement which came into operation on 23rd March, 1891, of the standard women's boot (size 4) : "Button or balmoral : 1 in. military heel; puff toe; 7 in. at back seam of leg; machine-sewn, channels down; or brass rivets; pumps or welts; finished round strip or black waist." The price paid per pair for lasting or finishing the standard boot is termed the " groundwork price/' The materials of which the boot is made are classified according to quality in eight groups, from A. to H. The following is the price of lasting and finishing for each of these groups : Class. A B D E F G H d d. d. d. <1. d. d. d. Price per pair {g^; ;; ;; 11 10 10 9 8 8 7 6 6 ." f 5 4 The following table shows the actual classification of the material according to the list as reprinted in September, 1898. Class. A B C D E F G H Material. 1. Glove kid . . 1st 2nd 2. Glace kid 1st 2nd 3rd 3. Patent calf 1st 2nd 3rd 4. Wax calf and box calf 1st 2nd 3rd 5. Real French straight grain and 1st 2nd levant morocco. 6. Glove and glac6 lamb 1st 2nd 7. Seal levant 1st 2nd _ 8. Calf kid 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 9. Glace goat and dongola 10. Cordovan (including bellies and 1st 1st 2nd 3rd 2nd 4th 3rd shanks ). 11. Levant and straight grain goat 12. Soft alum mock kid - 1st 1st 2nd I'nd 3rd 3rd 13. Stuffs 1st 2nd 3rd 14. Satin hide and kid . . 1st 2nd 3rd 15. Glove hide .. 1st 2nd 3rd 16. Glac6 and straight grain sheep 17. All patents (except patent calf) 18. Mock kid - = = 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 1st 3rd 3rd 2nd 4th 3rd 19. Grain 1st 2nd 3rd 20 Levant kip and hide 1st 2nd 3rd 21. Sheep levant ; " 1st ?nd 3rd 3032 1 162 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. It will be readily understood that, with changes in fashion and methods of manufacture, disputes are likely to occur with regard to the classification of material in the various classes, and a large number of the questions settled by the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration relate to classification. The following notes on the subject are given in the statement : Not 69 on Classification of Material. The Board of Conciliation and Arbitration will adopt standard samples in the various classes. Combinations of Material. * 1. Goods to come under this definition must comprise at least a " high vamp " of a different material to that in the quarters. 2. The material in the " leg " or " quarter " to determine the class. 3. When a material which is classed on the statement as better than that in the " leg " or " quarter " is used in combination therewith, the price to be fixed midway between that of the " leg " or " quarter " class and the class next above in the better material introduced. Example. A woman's 2nd soft alum mock kid, with real glove, "high vamps " would be 8d. to laster, this being the price midway between " E " class in soft alum mock kid and " C " class in glove kid (this latter being the class next above). As stated above, the variations 'from the standard form of the boot are provided for by a scale of deductions and extras. The follow- ing is a full statement of these deductions and extras : Deductions (from Standard and not accumulative). Nature of Deductions. Per Pair. Laster. Finisher. Leg, 6 in. and under, except side springs .. d. I 4 2A i 1 i d. 1 1* Top piece heel ( in.), when finished Do. split lift and top piece only ( in.) when finished . . Spring heel . . Finished square to heel . . . . . . . . . . Cut-down waist. F Q and H classes only. . ( A. class B Heeling by | C machinery and*' D no split lifts IE,, F and G classes lH class .. Breasting military heels Breasting and paring military heels ready for papering Paring edges (waist and foreparts) Socking (ABC classes Channels up < D E (FGH Bottoms and waists not made out Knifing by machinery, 3d. in the Is. deducted from finisher. LONDON UNIFORM STATEMENT (HOME TRADE). 1G3 Extras (on Standard and not accumulative). Nature of Extras. Per Pair. Laster. Finisher. Do. Do. Do. Leg : Height above 7 in. . . Height above 7 in. Foreparts : Coloured welts Bevel edge, painted any colour Fair stitched Do. when pricked up by fudge Do. Do. hand . . Nailing toe and joint, nails found by laster Do. (two rows), nails found by laster Nailing bottoms (steel points, nuggets, brads), nails found by employer. Nailing foreparts (3 rows), uails found by employer Copper toes Sewn cork welts (& in.) Do. clumps, inserted and finished split edge when cut out or fitted up by employer. Do. round or bevel edge, when cut out or fitted up by employer, pin points (one row) .. Do. (one and a half rows) Do. (two rows) Square edge clumps over r % in. when finished, A to D classes . . Do. pinpoints .. Fiddle foreparts .. Bordered foreparts Halt' wide welts, up to & in. when finished Wide welts, over -^ in. when finished Bevel edge clumps, not split Marked up dull foreparts Bunking foreparts Real spike toe Waist : Fiddle waist, including breast and top piece Brown waist on common work, as per standard sample Flexura waist, fitted when given out Do. when fitted by laster .. Bunking waist .. Peak strip waist Upper : Patent vamps (except house boots), extra to finisher on A to D classes only. Toe caps on vamped work. A to E classes only Brogue wing vamps Fur or lamb's wool lining All goloshed work in leather Patent goloshed work Whole goloshed in leather. A to E classes only Soilable colours, outsides (except 2nd and 3rd hide sheep and other common material) to be shopped clean. Soilable colours, outsides (2nd and 3rd hide sheep and other common materials) to be shopped clean. Leather linings on bo9ts only Leather linings (persians and light basils) on boots only. E to H classes. Heels: Over li in... Over If in. .. Over 2 in. French heel (beyond military heel) up to If in. when finished . . Wurtemberg leather lifts Cased heel Mock Wurtemberg Tips filled in. A to E classes Do. F to H classes Tips or plates got up by finisher. . (Plates carry no extras to lasters.) Sundries : Heel pins (when not bespoke) . Fitting (when not bespoke) Eights size and over (except felt and house boots and slippers). A to E classes. Eights size and over (except felt and house boots and slippers). F and H classes. Lasting on wooden lasts Bracing .. Rounding bottom stuff Sample pairs, when given out as such .. Measures or bespoke 30321 164 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. The rates prevailing for girls' boots are given in the following tables, which are the same in principle as those described above. GIRLS' WORK. This section came into operation on and after Monday, May 4, 1891. Description of Standard Girls' Soots. Button or balmoral: up to 1 ia.- military heel; puff toe; 5 in. at back seam of leg on size 11; machine- sewn, channels down, or brass rivets; pumps or welts; finished round strip or black waist. Combinations of Material. In girls' work to be subject to the same rules as in women's work. Deductions (from Standard and not accumulative). Nature of Deductions. Per Pair. Laster. Finisher. Sizes ; 7s to 10's ................ Legs, 47 in. and under (except side springs) Top piece heel, under in. when finished (A to C classes, 11' s to 1's : lid. per doz. from laster. 7s to 10's ; lOd. per doz. from Heeling by machinery J laster. and no split lifts. * N , D to H Classes, ll's to 1's ; 9d. per doz. from laster. 7s to 10's ; 8d. per doz. from laster. Breasting military heels Breasting and paring military heels ready for papering Paring edges (waist and foreparts) Socking.. d. rninnnola nr> CaSSOS . Channels up | G and H classes All other deductions one-half those on women's work. Price of Lasting and Finishing. Class. A B C D E F G H d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. Price per pair ll's to 1's { ^^1 i 7i 6.! 3 6J 51 i! 5i 4} a 3 of Material. Class. A B C D E F G H Material. 1. Glove kid 1st 2nd 2. Glace kid 1st 2nd 3rd 3. Patent calf . . 1st 2nd 3rd 4. Wax calf and box calf 1st 2nd 3rd 5. Real French straight grain and 1st 2nd levant morocco. 6. Glove and glac6 lamb 7. Seal levant 1st 1st 2nd 2nd - 8. Calf kid 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 9. Glac6 goat and dongola 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 10. Cordovan (including bellies and 1st 2nd 3rd . shanks) 11. Levant and straight grain goat 12. Soft alum mock kid . . -- 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 3rd 3rd 13. Stuffs 1st 2nd s"rd 14. Satin hide and kip 1st 27d 3rd 15. Glove hide 1st 2nd 3rd 16. Glac6 and straight-grain sheep 17. All patents (except patent calf) 18. Mock kid = = = 1st 1st 2nd 2nd 1st 3rd 3rd 2nd 4th 3rd 19. Grain 1st 2nd 3rd 20. Levant kip and hide _. 1st 2nd 3rd 21. Sheep levant 1st 2nd 3rd LONDON UNIFORM STATEMENT (HOME TRADE). Io7> Extras (pu Standard and not accumulative). Nature of Extras. Per Pair. Laster. Finisher. d. ! S 1 i d. ? 1 Height above 6 in ... Foreparts : Nailing bottoms (steel points, nuggets, brads), nails found by employer. Copper toes . . Heels Over 1 in All other extras one-half those on women's work. Any items not provided for in the statement, unless otherwise agreed upon, are to be decided by the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration, and no alteration of the classification of materials is to be made without at least three months' notice in writing to the Board.* The list was finally agreed upon on March 24th, 1891. At a meeting of the Board in June 1892 the following provisions were adopted as applying to 4's and 6's children's work : A and B classes, IJd. deduction from girl's standard for ll'a to 1's. C to E classes, IJd. deduction from girl's standard for ll'a to 1's. F to H classes, Id. deduction from girl's standard for ITs to 1's. It was also decided that the foregoing should come into operation on and after the llth oif July 1892. (2.) The London Wholesale " Sew- Round" Trade. The foregoing "statement" applies to lasters and finishers only. The London " Sew-Round " trade is regulated by a special statement of wages determined by the Sew-Round Board of Conciliation and Arbitration in August, 1892, but which was revised in September, 1894, and again in September, 1898. It should be explained that " Sew-Rounds " are dress shoes and slippers, the manu- facture of which forms a distinct branch of the boot and shoe trade, being distinguished by peculiarity in the process of joining the upper to the sole. The prices per pair given in the " statement " are the prices paid for " making," i.e., for joining sole to upper and finishing the shoe. As in the case of the lasters' and finishers' statement, the price is regulated according to (1) the form and character of the shoe (2) the materials. " Sew-Rounds " are divided for the purpose of the statement into eight classes: (1.) Women's dress work. (2.) Women's slipper work. (3.) Girls' dress work. ?4.) Girls' slipper work. (5.) Infants' work. * In 1897 the Board made the following additions to the list of extras : Id. extra to the lasters where the cover is lasted in all round, and Id. extra to the finisher when the cover is cut out by him. BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. (6.) Women's worked slippers. ^7.) Men's worked slippers. (8.) Men's and boys' dress shoes (heeled). For each of the first five of these classes there is a scale of " ground- work" prices for a "standard" article, the materials being classified in three groups, "bests," "seconds," and "thirds." There is also a scale of extras on account of variations from the standard. The follow- ing is the classification of materials adopted for women's and girls' dress and slipper work respectively. CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS. Bests Seconds Calf kid Bests Seconds Thirds Bests Seconds Thirds Cashmere quilted Canvas Coloured kid Bests Bests Seconds Thirds Enamelled leather Bests Seconds Seconds Thirds Thirds, Glac6 kid and Dongola Glac6 goat or sheep Glove kid Bests Bests Seconds Seconds Thirds Thirds Levant Morocco Bests Bests Seconds Seconds Thirds Bests Seconds Thirds Morocco . Bests Seconds Thirds Ooze calf and hair calf Patent calf Bests Bests Seconds Patent seal . . . . . . . . Bests Bests Seconds Thirds Bests Bests Seconds Thirds Eussian leather and tan calf Satin, plain or quilted Satin, draper's, plain or quilted (to be given out in not less than six pairs). Satin Francais . . . . Bests Bests Bests Seconds Seconds Bests Seconds Thirds Silk Bests Silk Velvet Bests Suede calf and kid Snede sheep Bests Bests Seconds Thirds Velveteen . .. .. . Bests Seconds Thirds White and coloured lambs White and coloured sheep Bests Bests Seconds Seconds Thirds The "ground-work" prices per pair for the various classes are as follows. It will be seen that in the case of girls' shoes and slippers the ground-work price varies with the size : GROUND WORK PRICES. Class. Description of " Standard." Bests. Seconds. Thirds. d. d. d. Women's dress work Morocco shoe, plain all round 11 9 7 Women's slipper work Girl's dress work Plain black morocco slipper . . Plain black felt slipper Morocco shoe, plain all round, 10 8 7 6 7's to 10's. 8 7 6 Morocco shoe, plain all round, ll's to 1's. 8i 7i 6i Girl's slipper work Plain morocco slipper, 7's to 10's. 7i si 5i Plain morocco slipper, ll's to 1's. 8 7 6 Plain black felt slipper, 7's to 10's. ^ 6 5 Plain black felt slipper, ll's to 1's. 61 5i Infants' work . . Morocco shoe 7 6 5 Roan, persian or felt shoe . . 5 LONDON WHOLESALE " SEW-ROUND *' TRADE. 167 There are long lists of " extras " for the various classes of dress shoes and slippers which it is unnecessaiy to quote in full, but there is no scale of " deductions," the ground-work price being thus the minimum. The extra allowances are on account of variations from the standard in the matter of (a) materials (the introduction of special materials not provided for in the classification), (6) character of the " uppers " (variation in height of boot, &c., &c.), (c) linings, (d) foreparts, (e) " waists," (f) bottoms, (g) heels, and (h) sundries. The extras themselves are classified under the heads " bests," " seconds," and " thirds." As an illustration the following scale of allowances on account of heels may be quoted from the list of extras on women's dress work : EXTRAS FOR HEELS ON WOMEN'S DRESS WORK. Nature of Extras. Bests. Seconds. Thirds. Heels : Putting on wood heels, all heights . . Covering heels, 1 in. when finished Do. over 1$ in. when finished . . Top piece on wood heel Double do. Leather heels fin... s. d. 2 3 4 1 2 4 s. d. 2 3 4 1 2 3A s. d. 2 3 4 1 2 3 Do. lin... Do | in 5 7 4J o el 4 6 Do. fin... 8 o ?l 7 Each J in. above f in. Louis heels, attaching, breasting, top-piecing, and finishing. 1 1 1 1 1 The prices for women's and men's worked slippers, and for men's and boys' dress shoes (heeled) may be quoted in full : WOMEN'* WORKED SLIPPERS. Nature of Operations. Bests. Seconds. Leather lined, plain rounds Do. if given out six pairs at a time Satin lined s. d. 1 5 1 8 s. d. f~3 Do. if given out six pairs at a time Stout seats 1 1 6 1 5 5 Do. every i in. above in. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 MEN'S WORKED SLIPPERS. Nature of Operations Bests. Seconds. Thirds. s. d. 8. d. s. d. Leather lined, plain rounds Do. if given out six pairs at a time 5 1 8 1 6 Satin lined 1 11 Do. if given out six pairs at a tiiru > 1 9 Set seats t 1 1 Top piece heel in. Do. each in. above 4 in. 6 1 6 1 _ Grecians, Morocco or hair calf 1 4 Ditto, roans or Persians 11 Ditto, ditto, patent facings or backs - 1 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. MEN'S AND BOYS' DRESS SHOES) Heeled. Nature of Operations. Bests. Seconds. s. d. s. d. Bests, whole cut patent calf, 1 in. heel, sew-rounds or pump seats, leather lined . 2 6 Ditto do. silk lined 2 9 Ditto do. silk socked , 2 11 Seconds, not whole cut patent calf, 1 in. hee sew-rc unds, r puna __ 2 3 Ditto do. silk lined | 2 5 Ditto do. silk socked 2 7 Ditto do. heels, every & ir over 1 in. extr 1 1 Extra on men's Oxford shoes 1 1 Do. black silk or satin shoes 10 Do. coloured do. 1 Boys', 7 to 10, heels not above g in. sew-round Ditto, 11 to 1 do. do. . . r pump seats 1 3 1 5 1 2 1 4 Ditto, 2 to 4 do. do. .. 1 9 1 8 Ditto, 4 size do. do. . 1 10 1 9 Extra on boys' black silk or satin shoes . 8 Do. coloured do. 10 ~~~* (b.) Other Boot and Shoe Lists. In the report on piece rates, published in 1894, were quoted lists for Leeds Rivetters and Finishers, and also for the Stafford trade, and for the Northampton home trade. Since that time, however, events have occurred in the boot and shoe trade to which some allusion must be made before referring to price lists of a later date than that of London. During the later months of 1894 and the earlier months of 1895 several matters arose causing friction between the Federated Associa- tion of Boot and Shoe Manufacturers and the National Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives. For the determination of disputed questions arising out of the Statements, or otherwise affecting the trade, local joint Boards of Conciliation and Arbitration had been for some time in existence in the chief centres of the trade, while questions of wider range were dealt with by a National Conference, meeting in Leicester, of which Sir Henry James (now Lord James of Hereford) had acted as umpire. There had been increasing friction in the rela- tions between employers and employed in the trade, which affected the smooth working of this system of conciliation and arbitration. Various causes contributed to this state of things,* but in part it may be regarded as a symptom of the transition stage through which the industry was passing, owing to the intro- duction of machinery, chiefly for " lasting," and " finishing." The introduction of such machinery naturally produced changes in the organisation of the trade which have affected agreements and the recognised statements of wages, and gave rise to important ques- tions as to the conditions under which the machine work was to be carried on. Generally speaking, hand work was done on the piece- work system, while operatives working machines were paid at time rates. The Union asked for the introduction of a piece list See Reports on Strikes and Lock-outs in 1895 (0. 8231 of 1896), p. 17, BOOT AND SHOE TRADE JOINT COMMITTEES. 169 applicable to machine work, and one of the questions in controversy was the basis on which such a piece list should be constructed. To the other matters in dispute it is not here necessary to refer. After a stoppage of about six weeks' duration, in which 46,000 opera- tives were involved, certain terms of agreement were arrived at at a conference held at the Board of Trade, under the presidency of Sir Courtenay Boyle, K.C.B. Those portions of the agreement dealing with piece prices were afi follows: (1.) This Conference is of opinion that a piece-work statement or state- ments for lasting and finishing machine workers, and those working in connection therewith, are desirable. Such statements to be based on the actual capacity of an average workman. Any manufacturer to have the option of adopting piece-work or continuing day-work; it being understood that the whole of the operatives working 011 any one process shall be put on one or the other system, which shall not be changed oftener than once in six months. Heeling and sewing to be regarded as separate processes. (2.) This Conference is of opinion that a piece-work statement for welted work at Northampton should be prepared on the principle laid down in the above resolution, viz., " the statement shall be based on the actual capacity of an average workman," employers having 1 the option as laid down in that resolution with regard to payment by the time or piece. Joint Committees were to be appointed to give effect to these resolutions, and in November 1895, the General Joint Committee agreed to the following principles and methods of arrangement and classification, on which piece work statements for machine workers shall be based, viz. : 1. That there shall not be more than two classes. 2. That classification shall be governed by the outside material of the uppers. 3. That when the capacity of an average workman is arrived at, the average present wage of the workmen on each operation in each district shall be ascertained and piecework prices based upon such average wage. NOTE. It is understood that in arriving at the average wage only those shops paying the recognised minimum wage or to a recognised statement and generally conforming to the recognised conditions shall be taken into consideration. A copy of this agreement was forwarded to the secretaries of the Local Boards of Arbitration, with a request that Joint Committees, as under the terms of settlement, should be immediately called together to frame piece work statements for their respective localities. Up to the present, however, it does not appear that the work of preparing statements for machine workers has made much progress". Only one such list is in possession of the Department, and this, not being generally adopted as a piece work list, derives its chief interest from being the result of an endeavour to solve the question of piece rates for machine work in the chief centre of the trade in Great Britain. This statement was drawn up and agreed to> on the 9th November 1898 by the Leicester Joint Committee, after many points of detail, upon which the committee was unable to agree, had been referred to and settled by two arbitrators. It was agreed, among other things, that the statement should remain in force for three years, that a revision of prices should be made in the event of any substantial improvement in existing machinery, and that disputed points arising should be referred to arbitration. As has already been said, however, the 170 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. statement has not been generally adopted as ai piece work list in the ordinary sense of the term. There seems to be a more or less general feeling among both employers and operatives in favour of continuing to work under a weekly wage system, using the list mainly, if not entirely, as a guide in case of dispute as to the amount of work to be done by the operatives for the weekly wage paid to them. The full text of the statement is as follows : Leicester Statement for Lasting Machine Workers. PREPARATION OF WORK. This Statement is based upon the possession of a complete plant, and the work being thoroughly prepared. The following processes constitute a perfectly prepared bottom : Laced goods to be tied over. Soles blocked. Middles blocked and attached to sole. Insoles properly prepared. Channels opened. Puffs skived. Toe caps skived (if necessary). Leather linings skived (if necessary). Shanks and bottom filling prepared. Stiffeners skived and moulded. DEFINITION OF OPERATIONS (Working in a Team). Puller over. Inserting stiffeners and puffs. Hold or tacking on insole. Upper to be pulled over and fastened in six places. Operator. Boot to be lasted properly before going to next process. Knocker up. Hammering down tacks, levelling, knock up toes and seats, bottom filling and shanks, cutting pleats, and put the boot with its sole. Sole attacker. Tack on soles and middles in five places, and sprig seats. Getter off. Tap up toes and seats, clear channel, and slip last ready for sewing. (This does not include clearing welts). Putting down channels by aid of Bottom Rolling Machine. Operator. Roll or level bottom. Puller on and getter off for Bottom Roller. Pull on last, damp, and put down channel, square up edge, tap up toes and seats and slip last. CLASSIFICATION. " Class A or Common Class. All goods made of milled or woven materials and all goods the major portion of which is made of milled or woven materials, and all house boots, house shoes, and slippers." " Class B or Best Class. All goods not included in Class A." PRICES FOR WOMEN'S WORK. For Class B or Best Class. For Class A or Common Class. Puller over Operator (Consolidated Lasting Machine) Operator (Boston and Barrett Lasting Machines) Operator (Magnetic Tacking Machine) Is.lc 6; 8 4; V 4c 3 1. per dozen, d. d. d. d. d. 1. . d - :: lie 3 H ft 8j 3' li ft 1. per dozen, d. to. d. d. d. d. d d. Operator (Bottom Boiling Machine) .. Puller on and getter off (Bottom Rolling Machine > . . LEICESTER LASTING MACHINE WORKERS' LIST. PBICES FOB GIRLS' WORK (7 to 1). 171 For Class B or Best Class. For Class A or Common Class. Puller over lOfd. per dozen. 4d. 6d. ifd! lid. 40. 8 5c si 1; 4 d. per dojzen. d. ", d! r, d. d Operator (Consolidated Lasting Machine) Operator (Boston and Barrett Lasting Machines) Operator (Magnetic Tacking Machine) Knocker up Sole attacher Getter off Operator (Bottom Rolling Machine) Puller on and getter off (Bottom Boiling Machine) . . 20 per cent, reduction to be allowed upon the prices fixed for the puller ove r and operator on the Boston and Barrett Lasting 1 Machines, when both operations are performed by the same workman. Quantities. The basis of quantities for which the above prices have been fixed is one dozen pairs, to consist of not more than two sizes of the same shape and fitting- or one size each of two shapes, so that in no dozen shall there be more than two sizes or shapes of lasts ; any variation of upper to make no difference to this basis. EXTRAS. The following extras to be paid in respect of work not properly prepared :- , 2d. per dozen. 2d. 2d. Id. Tops not tied over (if required) Insoles not properly prepared ... Channels not opened Puffs not skived ., Toe-caps not skived (if necessary) ... ... Id. Leather linings not skived (if necessary) ... 2d. Shanks not prepared ... ... ... ... 2d. Bottom filling not prepared ... ... ... Id. Stiffeners not skived and blocked ... ... 2d. Where middles are sprigged on separately from the outsoles, 3d. per dozen. Where work is given out with more than two sizes in one dozen, Id. for each additional size to the puller over. For bedding soles which are not blocked, f d. per dozen to the sole attacher and l^d. per dozen to the getter off. EXTRAS ON MATERIALS. The following extras to be paid on " Glove Kid," " Crup Vamps," " Coloured Glace Kids," "Reliable Colours," "Calf Patent Vamps," and the finer qualities of " Black Glace Kids," equal or superior to the standards of best Glace passed by the Umpires : Puller over Operator (Consolidated Lasting Machine) Operator (Boston and Barrett Lasting, and Magnetic Tacking Machines) Knocker up Getter off Puller on and getter off (Bottom Rolling Machine) ... ... 3d. per dozen. Id. l*cL Id. Id. Id. REMARKS. Tacking on by hand. In the case of machinery under repair or illness of workmen, the price to be paid for tacking on by hand is 6d. per dozen. Damaged work. Where damage to work arises in consequence of a fault in the material, the employers shall rectify it at their own cost ; but where damage arises by the workmen's fault, the workmen shall be responsible for it. Signed by order of the Leicester Joint Committee acting in pursuance of Resolutions 1 and 3 of the Terms of Settlement. Dated, 9th November, 1898. 172 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. Leeds. Rivetters' and Finishers' Statement of Wages. Leeds is one of the chief centres of the " heavy " boot and shoe trade. The Leeds statement, which was agreed to by the Local Board of Conciliation and Arbitration in March 1878, amended in April 1881, supplemented in 1890, and approved by the Board in 1896, regulates the wages of rivetters and finishers. It should be noted that all " grindery " is to be f o ANKLE STRAP AND BAR STATEMENT. Rivetting. Finishing one Colour. Description. Women's 2-5 11-1 7-10 2-6 Women's 2-5 11-1 7-10 2-6 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 8 d. 21 Single soles, with or 4 3 6 2 11 2 4 3 2 6 2 1 6 without tips. 22 Welts, with or without 4 3 6 2 10 _ 3 3 3 2 6 tips. EXTRAS. Close rivetting all round 4 3 3 Puff toes 6 n 6 3 _ Machine sewn 3 o ? 3 3 White bottoms, if beaded fl 3 3 3 If socked . 2 2 2 Black or brown waist . . ~ 3 3 3 No deduction from workers under 18 years of age. Kid, morocco, or seal levant, 3d. per dozen pairs extra to rivetter and tinisher. These prices include grindery to be paid for by the workmen, and are for coarse brass. If above five rivets to the inch are used, the work is to be classed as "close" rivetting. One penny per dozen less for fine brass off welts. Deductions on heeling welted ankle straps, 11-1, 6d. ; 7-10, 6d. ; 2-6, 4d. per dozen pairs. SLIPPER WORK. Description. Eivetting. Finishing. Men's. 2-5 and Women's. Men's. 2-5 and Women's. Pump slippers, brass Welt slippers Cashmere and velvet pumps, brass Cashmere and velvet pumps, iron Extra on white bottom s. d. 4 9 5 3 8. d. 3 6 3 9 3 9 3 6 8. d. 3 6 4 6 8. 3 3 4 3 d. 6 6 A reduction on finishing, at the following rates, will be made on all work pared by the machine : The following price paid per doz. for breasted by hand :- to be heels Men's. 2-5 11-1 7-10 Women's. 11-1 7-10 4-6 Men's. 2-5 11-1 7-10 s. d. 1 9 If breas s. d. 1 3 ted by s. d. 9 land . . s. d. 9 s. d. 1 U s. d. s. d. 0909 li li s. d. 6 H s. d. 8 - d. 03 U s. d. H s. d. 1J With Without Heeis. Heels. 23 Men's canvas shoes, M.S. or rivetted 24 2-5 and Women's 25 11-1 . s. d. 6 5 4 s. d. 4 9 4 S 6 s. d. 5 4 S 26 7-10 .. 3 6 3 The above prices include with or without puffs. A deduction of one shilling per dozen on men'w 2-5 and women's for machine paring 176 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. llivetting. Finishing. 27 Men's cycling shoes, split or satin single soles or welts, no puff or box toes, rivetted or sewn. If puff or box toes 28 Cycling shoes, 2-5 .. s. 5 6 5 d. 6 s. d. 6 4 9 A deduction of one shilling per dozen for machine paring. Finishing to be one colour. Grindery to be sold at prices to be lixed by a Joint Committee of the Manufacturers' and Workmen's Associations. Signed on behalf, &c. . . ( BEOW DICKINSON, President. .. ] J. SWEENEY, Vice-President. (G. FILLINGHAM, Secretary. There are scales of extras for the various classes of boots and shoes, classified according to size and character of the special variation from the standard. Certain alterations in these were agreed to during 1898, but it is unnecessary to print these scales here, as they do not differ in principle from those quoted from the London statements. It should be noted in connection with the Leeds statement that many firms in Leeds manufacturing light cla>sses of work pay theii workpeople according to special wages statements drawn up for each shop, and agreed to and signed on behalf of the respective employers and employees, and by the trade union officials. Birmingham Statement for Making and Finishing. In this centre a revised statement of wages was agreed to by a Joint Committee of the Birmingham Branch of the Incorporated Federated Associations of Boot and Shoe Manufacturers and the Birmingham Branch of the National Union of Boot and Shoe Opera- tives. The statement bears date February 10th, 1899, and is there- fore one of the latest. It deals with a varied class of work, and some of the tables may be quoted : MEN'S LIGHT WORK. Ground Work Rivetted or Machine Sewn. Makin ing. Edges not to be above i inch rivetting and f inch finishing, all above these strengths to be reckoned inside clumps. Best Best calf , crup, box and patent calf, glace, glove and calf kid, Spanish Cordovan. Seconds Calf, crup, box and patent calf, glace, glove and calf kid, seal patent, best kip, satin and glove hide. Thirds -Common calf and box calf ; common kid ; kip, glove and satin hide ; best split. Fourths -Common kip, satin and glove hide ; split Fifths Common split, offal satin and glove hide ; mock kid and grain. Sixths -Common split. Common grain, split or levant in legs, raw edges. No leather linings to be carried through to toe in this class. Ground work rivetted, 4 rivets to the inch. Stiffeners skived and split lifts split. Sevenths Offal split. Offal grain, split or levant in legs, raw edges and linen lined. Ground work same as sixths. Iron stubs in line of rivets toe and joint in sixths and sevenths extra to rivetter. s. d. 11 10 6 9 8 6 8 7 6 7 6 7 s. d. 9 8 6 i; 6 5 6 5 4 6 5 Shooting Boots. Stitched aloft and made to finish not less than half inch edge:- 19 17 17 15 BIRMINGHAM MAKERS' AND FINISHERS' LIST. 17 YOUTHS' AND BOYS' LIGHT WORK. Ground Work to follow Men'*. Making. Finishing. 2-5 11-1 710 2-5 11-1 7-10 s d s d s d s d d s d Best Calf, crup, box and patent calf, glace, glove and calf kid, seal patent. Seconds Common calf, common box 9 8 8 7 7 6 7 6 6 5 5 4 calf and kid ; best kip, glove and satin hide ; best calf split. Thirds Common kip, glove and satin 7 6 6 6 5 6 5 4 6 3 6 hide ; split. Fourths Common split, offal satin and 7 6 5 4 6 4 3 glove hide ; mock kid and grain. Fifths Common split. Common levant, split or grain in legs. 6 6 5 6 ~ 4 3 G ~ Specifications same as Men's sixth and seventh. Iron stubs in line of rivets toe and joint in oth class, 3d. extra making. CRICKET BOOTS AND SHOES. Ground Work, Sewn or Rivetted, Finished White to Heel. Making. Finishing. Best Calf : real buckskin .... Second Offal calf : kip ; mock buckskin Thirds Levant shoulders Extras to rivetter for bars or studs s. 1 9 8 6 7 6 2 s. d. 5 6 4 6 4 FOOTBALL BOOTS. Ground Work, Sewn or Rivetted, Spring Heels. Puff Toes, Self Bottoms. Making. Finishing. Best Calf s. d. 7 6 s. d. Seconds Kip (chrome or otherwise) Thirds Split, levant or grain shoulders and bellies (chrome or otherwise). Heels, Is. per dozen extra to maker Pared edges Finished edges 7 6 1 6 2 6 CYCLING SHOES. Ground Work M. Sewn ; no Puff Toes in these Classes. Making. Finishing. s. d. s. d. Best Calf, kip, calf kid, Box calf Seconds Best glove and satin hide, cordovan Thirds Common glove and satin hide, split, grain bellies and 7 3 6 3 5 3 4 9 3 6 3 3 shoulders. If rivetted, extra to maker 6 _ Puff toes .. ...... 1 __ One bar on each shoe extra . . . . 1 6 Two bars ditto '2 1 30321 M 178 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. MEN'S AND BOYS' NAILED WORK. 7 10 Making. s. d, s. d s, d. 8. d. Best Best kip, two rows of brass in waist n n 8 n 7 6 Seconds Common kip, best split, one row each brass and iron in waist. 10 7 9 6 9 5 9 Thirds Common split, one row iron in waist 9 7 3 6 6 5 Extra row of brass in waist '0 e 6 3 3 Ditto ditto iron in waist 3 3 H II li One row of brass in place of row of iron in waist 3 3 ll Finishing. Best ^ ^ o 3 3 ^ n Seconds 4 q 4 o 3 s 2 q Thirds 4 9 4 3 3 2 6 WOMEN'S LIGHT WORK. Ground Work to be M. Sewn or Kivetted ; Puff Toes, finished plain White to Heel, or Black Waist. Making. Finishing. Best -Glace, glove and calf kid, wax calf, crup, box and patent calf, morocco and seal, French cashmere. Seconds Seconds glace, glove and calf kid, wax calf, box and patent calf, seal and best goat levant. Thirds Kid, goat levant, chrome glace kid, common calf patent, patent, best glove hide. Fourths Common kid ; kip levant, glove hide, patent tipping . . Fifths Common glove hide ; levant shoulders, glace Persians ; mock kid and memel. Sixths Women's elastic sides or shoes, split slabs, common levant or sheep. Iron rivets, 4 to the inch, puff toes, unstitched seams finished edges only. Brass rivets, 6d. per dozen extra. All women's edges not to exceed T 7 S of an inch in the rough, any strength above that to be paid as clumps. s. d. 8 7 3 6 6 6 (I 5 6 4 6 s. d. 6 6 5 6 4 9 4 6 4 2 GIRLS' LIGHT WORK. Ground Work, Machine Sewn or Rivetted, Puff Toes, Finished Plain White to Heel or Black -Waist. 11-1 7-10 4-6 s. d. ,. s. d. Best Glace, glove and calf kid, wax calf, box and 5 6 5 4 patent calf, crup, morocco and seal, French cash- mere. Seconds Chrome glace, calf kid, common calf patent, mock seal, best goat levant, best glove hide. Thirds Common kid, glove hide, common goat levant, patent, glace persians. No calf patent to be made in this class. 5 4 9 4 6 4 3 3 9 3 6 Fourths Levant, levant shoulders, memel and mock 4 3 3 9 3 kid. Offal glove may be made in this class with raw edges. Standard height of legs . . 11-1 6 inches. 7-106 4-6 5i Measured up back seam when made. Finishing. 11-1 7-10 4-6 GIRLS' LIGHT WORK FINISHING. s. d. s. d. s. d. Best . .. .. 4 e 4 3 q o Seconds . 4 3 6 2 9 3 9 3 3 2 9 3 6 3 9 9 Making. BIRMINGHAM MAKERS' AND FINISHERS' LIST. 179 WOMEN'S DULL LEATHER WORK. or liicetted, finished Bluck Wtiixt, White or Brown Foref.artx. Making. Finishing. s. d. s. d. Best Kip, cordovan, satin hide .. 6 6 4 6 Seconds Common kip, common satin hide, split Thirds Common split ; and special dull vamped split, black bal. . 6 5 9 4 6 4 GIRL'S DULL LEATHER WORK. Ground Work as Women's. Best Kip, best satin hide, 11-1 7-10 4-6 Second Common kip, split, 11-1 common satin hide and grain. 7-10 4-6 . s. d. 5 3 4 9 3 9 5 4 6 3 6 s. d. 3 3 2 9 2 3 3 2 6 2 NOTES. Bespoke and samples Id. per pair extra to maker and finisher. Odd pairs, when specially ordered in or shopped separately, Id. per pair extra to maker and finisher. Specifications of materials refer to either black or colours. Putting split lifts on seat, ready for heeling machine, ld. per dozen. Rivets not to exceed 5 to the inch. Employers must send their own sewing and channelling. All stubs and sprigs to be found by employers, when inside the row of rivets. All grindery to be sold at market prices. Charges for gas, 6d. per week to rivetter during the winter months. 9d. per week the year round to finisher. Shoes same price as springs or bals. Standard height of women's military heel is not to exceed 1 inches ; all over that height, for every { inch or part thereof, 3d. per dozen to both maker and finisher. All extras not mentioned on this to be paid for according to value. RULES RELATING TO DISPUTES. The Board recognises the right of any workman to dispute any work which he may think to be given out in the wrong class, and will support him in so doing, providing he conforms to the following regulation : Any workman disputing work must first see the employer, and, if no settlement can be come to, the two secretaries shall be notified and they shall together see the employer, and, if they fail to arrive at a settlement, then the workman disputing the work and the employer shall select a pair of the work disputed, each being ready to sign, if necessary, a declaration to the effect that the pair selected is a fair sample of the work in dispute. The pair must then be sent to be classed at the next Board meeting. Complaints have been made to the Board on several occasions by workmen to the effect that they have been discharged, or kept waiting, in consequence of their having disputed work which they have believed to have been given out wrong. It must be clearly understood that this is contrary to the understanding existing between the two sides of the Board. The Board also wish to point out to workmen that they must not keep disputed work in hand, and thereby prevent employers sending their orders away. The dispute having been referred to the Board, that and all work given out after the dispute has occurred will be paid for according to the classification of the Board. Workmen are requested to see that all work is shopped regularly, so that no incon- venience is caused to employers, whereby orders are likely to be lost, 'and general harm done to the trade of the town. The Board feel that they can appeal with confidence to both employers and workmen to assist them in carrying out the conditions of the statement, knowing as they do that it is only by mutual forbearance that peace and prosperity can be maintained in the town. Signed on behalf, &c. Northampton. Statement for the Home Trade. Northampton being the most important centre for the production of men's and boys' work, the statement of wages for the home trade is printed in full on the following pages. In principle it does not 30321 M 2 180 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. differ from the lists quoted above, and it requires little explanation beyond that already given. The list applies to " makers " and " finishers." " Makers " correspond to " lasters " in the London state- ment, i.e., the class of operatives by whom the sole and heel are joined to the upper. The statement is dated September 1st 1896, and cancels the statement of 1890, as published in the report of 1894, from which, however, it differs but slightly. STATEMENT OF WAGES, FOR THE HOME TRADE ONLY. Ground Work (Ladies'). Ladies'. Girls', 11 to 14. Girls', 7 to 10. Infants', 4 to 6. Qualities. Mak'g. Fin'g. Mak'g. Fin'g. Mak'g. Fin'g. Mak'g. Fin'g. s d s d s d s d s d p. d. s. d. s. d. Firsts .. 10 9 7 64 64 6 5 44 Seconds 9 0- 8 6 54 5J 5 4 34 Thirds .. 8 7 o 54 5 5 o 44 34 3 Fourths 7 6 5 44 o 44 4 Fifths .. 64 54 Sixths .. - 6 5 54 4A Finished Square to heel The standard height of girls' boots not to exceed seven inches ; over that height to be paid same extras as women's. Deductions for Heeling by Machinery. Heeling. Levelling Bottoms. Qualities Ladies'. Maids', 11 to 14. Girls', 7 to 10. Ladies'. Maids', 11 to 14. Girls', 7 to 10. d. . d. Firsts 2 d d d Seconds o 03 N I N Thirds ^ d O r^ i o iH Fourths i o LJ 1 . fa Fifths : ' & S 5 5 Sixths Sevenths 1 P< 05 1 3 Deductions for non-socking Ladies', 2d. ; Girls', Id. No deduction to be made on screwed, rivetted, or welted work, sock all combination, screwed, or machine-welted, if required. The workman to Deductions for slugging top-piece and pareing heels (1-2-3) per dozen other classes Pareing heels only (1-^-3) .. .. .. .. .. ,. other classes .. .. .. .. Deductions for pareing heels (welted) .. .. .. Extras. 9d. 6d. 6d. Nature of Extra. Making. Finishing. s. d. s. d. 1 Glove, glace, and bronze kid, or Strasburg morocco 1 1 Glove or glace insertion carries the extra. 2 Dongola or glace goat o 04 04 Brown glace tnis carries two extras, soilable and glace. 3 All patent boots and shoes 1 1 4 Patent golosh or vamp 04 5 Patent brogue wing cap o 04 6 Hi-rh leg, over 7 to 74-in., to be measured from centre of top of o 04 04 leg to front of heel (size 4 the standard). 7 High leg, over 74-in. o i 04 NORTHAMPTON HOME TRADE STATEMENT. Extras cont. 181 Nature of Extra. Making. Finishing. 8 Grup 9 Leather-lined boots and shoes, including lamb, felt, chamois, llannelette and fur (but not light Persian and bazil) 10 Stitched foreparts, if pricked ap 11 not pricked up 12 -waists, pricked up 1'! aloft to joint, if pricked up on sole 14 if not pricked up on welt 15 ., heel to heel, if pricked up on sole 16 ,, if not pricked up on welt 17 f-Stitched to heel, if waist pricked up . . 18 " waist not pricked up 19 Wide welts, J ,-inch and over when finished M.S. and S F. 20 Half -wide welt, three- sixteenths and under -inch when finished, M.S. and S.F. 21 Cork clumps, machine sewn (cork inserted) stitched foreparts 23 Bevil clumps, one row of pin points 24 two 25 Coloured welt .. 26 and lake bevils 27 Wide top iron 28 Stunt bevils 29 Square clump, cramped waist 30 f -edge or square clump on Ists, 2nds. or 3rds 31 Corrugated waists (with strip on, ^d. in addition) 32 Fiddle waists (with or without strip) 33 (if fish tail or fancy marked, extra) 54 foreparts 35 Samples and bespoke (if fitting put on by maker d, extra) 36 Paris heels, 14.-inch 37 Half-mock Wurtemberg heels, If-inch 38 ' 2-inch 39 Wurtemburg heels, built with lifts 40 Louis XV. (cased heels) 41 when stitched by employer 42 Bordering 43 Bunking 44 Standard screw, sockless (no extra when not sockless) 45 Spike toe 46 Heel tips on Ists, 2nds, and 3rds, if got up by finisher 47 4ths, 5ths, and 6ths 48 Tips (not plates) on other qualities 49 Chambers' or similar tips 50 Heel pins, when put on by maker 51 Fitting 52 Lasting and bracing on wood lasts 53 Sellable colours, if shopped clean (when not covered) 54 Lasting in covers (when cut off by finisher) 55 Rounding stuff 56 Non-creaking 57 Felt through to heel, between sole and middle (when not fastened on by employer). 58 Scafe's patent sole 59 top-piece.. 60 Putting split-lift on for heeling machine, per doz. 61 piece sole on, per doz. .. 62 Two half rows of fine brass in top-piece (or employer to find brass same price as iron). 63 All odd pairs, when specially ordered in or shopped separately 64 Girls', stitched foreparts 65 other extras half price. 66 Jaeger pipe, ladies' 67 girls' (per dozen) .. 68 Slugged soles, ladies' 69 girls' 70 childs' s. d. 04 0* 14 1 2 2 2 2 3 54, 3 5 2 1 6 4 3 8. d. 14. 1 I 24, 2 34. 3 24 2 3 54. 3 3 il.} 1 04. 1 14. 1 04, 1 04 1 04, 04. 1 1 1 All extras not specified to be paid for according to value. NOTE. It was arranged, when the first statement was compiled, that no lower quality than thirds glace and glove kid should be manufactured. It is understood that calf patent cannot go below a 4ths. Deductions from Extras. Wide welts Half-wide welts |-edge Channelling for bunking d. .. The above deductions in extras apply only when the channels are put down by the employer and the bottoms are hammered out. All other entras, &c., apply as per State- ment. 182 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. Ground Work (Men's). Qualities Men's. Youths', 2 to 5. Boys , 11 to 1. Making. Finishing. Making. Finishing. Making. Finishing. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Firsts 1 10 94 8 84 7 Seconds 11 9 84 7 7i 6i Thirds 10 os o n 6 64 5 Fourths 9 7 6| 5 5| 44, Fifths 84 64 Sixths 8 6 Sevenths 7* 54 Extra Quality, to meet 1 1 Oil* - special requirements. Shooting Boots- Firsts Seconds 1 7 1 5 1 5 ) These to be stitched aloft and made to 13) finish not less than inch edge. Shoes to be the same price as springs or bals. Deductions for Heeling by Machinery. Heeling. Levelling Bottoms. Qualities. Men's. Youths', 2 to 5. Boys', 7 to 10. Mens'. Youths', 2 to 5. Boys', 7 to 10. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Super 3 1 Firsts 24, 14 1 1 Of Seconds 2 l| 1 1 Of Thirds 2 1 1 1 Of Fourths 2 1 1 1 Of Fifths 14 1 Sixths 14 1 Sevenths l| I Making. Finishing. s. d. s. d. Deductions for non-socking, Men's per dozen 2 Youths' 1 No deduction to be, made on screwed, rivetted, or welted work. The workman to sock all combination, screwed or machine- welted, if required. Deductions for slugging top piece pareing heels, Ists, 2nds, 3rds per dozen 6 6 ~ other qualities " 4i Extras. Nature of Extra. Making. Finishing. s. d. s. d. 1 Stitched foreparts, when pricked up or not 2 6ths and 7ths, not pricked 3 waist to heel, when pricked up up o" li 1 i 4 4 ., aloft foreparts, hand pricked . . li 2i 5 ,. heel to heel 1) 2* 85 6 J-Stitched to heel, when pricked up to heel outside 7 waist not pricked up 2J 2i 2 NORTHAMPTON HOME TRADE STATEMENT. 183 Ext rax cont. Nature of Extra. Making. Finishing. Stitched foreparts, two rows aloft or one row aloft and one row in channel Stitched foreparts, two rows (one row not pricked up) Wide welts, over -inch when finished (to be measured from outside joint). i-Wide welts, j-inch when finished, not stitched foreparts Running wheel in welt of waist, M.S. or S.F Bordering and bunking, including half-wide welts, Ists, 2nds, 3rds, and 4ths. Bordering and bunking, including half-wide welts, other qualities. When bordered only bunked only Bunked waist, 1 row 2 , Bunk wheels, J-in. and under, no extra (this applies to waists only). Channelling for bunking, when over \-vs\, and not paid for as half-wide welts (not stitched foreparts) Bordering and pricking up, joint to joint Standard screw, sockless (when not sockless no extra) All leather linings in boots and shoes, Ists, 2nds, 3rds, 4ths Bevil clumps, one row .. two rows. . Square clumps, inside outside, prepared to shape, one row Bevil two rows Cork clumps, machine-sewn (cork inserted) .. stitched foreparts |-edge, Ists, 2nds, 3rds (finished full fths) 4ths, 5ths .. .. .. .. .. Samples and bespoke (halfpenny in addition if fitting is put on by maker). All odd pairs when specially ordered in, or shopped separately Heel pins or fittings, if put on by maker if made by the workman Soilable colours when not covered, if shopped clean Spike toe (Whitton's 100 last to be the standard) Lasting in covers (when cut off by finisher) Corrugated waists (if with strip |d. in addition) Bracing on wood lasts .. Combination boot, when not pricked up in waist Slipping last by finisher (when made and finished throughout on same last). Fiddle foreparts.. waist bottom, square to heel . . with strip on waist waterproof bottom Prune bottom, dull or fiddle Prune foreparts.. Glove or glace kid golosh, with or without caps, Ists, 2nds, 3rds Dongola or glace goat golosh, with or without cap (This extra cannot be claimed on sheep skin of any description). Patent calf golosh, with or without caps, Ists, 2nds, 3rds, 4ths Patent calf golosh, Ists, 2nds, 3rds.. Patent military (if legs are not broken) On other qualities of patent Crup through to toe, without cap Enamelled or patent Napoleons Calf or grain . . . Wellingtons Heel tips, Ists, 2nds, 3rds Chambers' or similar tips Heels over 1 inches when finished \\ rows of sprigs or studs round top-piece in Ists, 2nds, Hrds . . 2 half rows of brass, or 1 row all round top-piece (the employer to sell the brass at the same price as ordinary studs or d. per pair extra ; all studs to be sold to workmen at lid. per Ib.) Sprig toe and joint, two rows .. 18 gauge brass rivets. 3d. per do/en extra (17-gauge is the standard). Slugging soles, machine, men's . . . . . . per dozen youths' .. .. Scafe's patent, soles d. ; top-piece id. Plugged soles, men's \ Employer can have bottoms finished j youths' | clean and plugs filed bright i 2 half rows of iron pin points in top-piece (employer to find same). Riehter wheels (employer to find wheel) d. 1 0.} Oi 04 Oi 3 4 3 1 Oi 1 Oi o o| 1 0~6 1 O 1 3 Oi 1 OA 2 8 n 4 s. d. Oi Oi 1 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 1 Oi o o o o Oi 1 1 1 Oi 1 0~0 1 1 0} 184 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. Extras cont. Nature of Extra. Making. Finishing. 74 Mock bogging, 5 to inch (employer to find wheel) 75 Lake or coloured be vils. . 76 Stunt bevils s. d. s. d. Oi 1 1 2 1 78 Prepared cork to fill up welted work 79 Puttine split lifts on for heeling machine .. per dozen 80 High-leg Derby bals, 8f -in 81 Felt through to heel, between sole and middle, if not fastened Oi 3 9 Oi 82 Screwed, runner all round 83 Case toes (employer to skive pieces) . . . . per dozen 84 Non- creaking l| 3 Oi - 85 Spur box (to be finished square with leather) 86 Waist bits (if cut out by maker) Oi 2 Youths' (5's size), when more than three pairs given out separately, Id. per pair extra. Youths' and boys' extras one half the above prices. All extras not specified to be paid for according to value. Note. I* was arranged when the first statement was compiled that no lower quality than thirds glace and glove kid should be manufactured. It is understood that calf patent cannot go below a fourths. Deductions from Extras. d. I d. Wide welts . . . . . . . . A Stitched to heel . . . . . . i Half-wide welts .. .. .. | Channelling for bunking .. .. 1 f-in. edge .. .. .. J The above deductions in extras apply only when the channels are put down by the employer, and the bottoms are hammered out. All other extras, &c., apply as per Statement. In 1899 the following list of extras was in operation, in addition to those stated in the above list : LADIES. 8'ssize High leg (.over 7 inches) American pointed heel if lifts and top pieces are cut out with a pointed knife, and so sup- plied to the laster, 110 extra if not cut out with pointed knife ... ... ... - ... In any case to the finisher... In all cases the heel to be brought to sharp edge. Lasting. ~d. OJ Finishing. ~d. MEN'S. All calf patent, bal.. or button boot 2 rows of stitching in channel (foreparts only) f stitched and stitched to heel (2 rows) Colour and Glace both extras to be paid on the same boot. Two extras to be paid for cover and glove kid. Sellable colour to be paid on shooting boot if kept clean. 1 EDINBURGH HAND SEWN WORK LIST. 185 MEN'S continued. Lasting. Finishing, s. d. s. d. Prune coloared bottom on shooting boot (fore part) Prune coloured bottom on shooting boot (to heel) 01 Slipping welted work for screwing and re- lasting on the same wooden lasts (the lasting being done on a jack) for heeling by hand ... Extra allowed to lasters for 2 rows stitched aloft or 1 row aloft and one in channel ... OJ KIT FOR DAY WORKERS. (Agreed on April 27th, 1899.) That employers replace all kit, recut all irons, reblade shaves, superseders. and supply all kit. The kit not to be removed from the room. HAND SEWN WORK. In this, the older branch of the trade, goods are to some extent made for the open market, but are chiefly made to order. Prices are fixed for various kinds of work, and these in all the principal towns are arranged as lists or " statements " of prices, which in some cases fix one rate for the bespoke article, and a slightly Itower rate if made for <: shop." Edinburgh. For this section of the trade good specimen lists are those which obtained recognition in Edinburgh as the outcome of a short dispute between employers and workmen in May 1894. These lists are not signed by representatives of the parties, but were informally agreed to by the employers in about 40 shops. The firstrrate and machine work statements are dated May 1894, but the second-rate statement was not compiled until the following July. The statements provide for making gentlemen's long boots and short boots (or shoes), lawn tennis and ladies' work, gentlemen's and ladies' pumps, and boys' and girls' boots, shoes, and pumps, whilst special provision is also made for alterations and jobbing. The section of the lists dealing with gentlemen's short boots (or shoes) is here given, a comparison being also made with the previous list. It will be seen that the rates for extras remain practically the same in 1894 as in 1889. 186 BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. About 150 operatives are now paid under the first and about 70 under the second-rate statement. EDINBURGH FIRST AND SECOND RATE STATEMENTS OF WAGES OF 1894 AND 1889, FOR MAKING GENTLEMEN'S SHORT BOOTS (OR SHOES). First Rate. Second Rate. 1894. 1889. 1894. 1889. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Spring, buttoned, lacings, or other boots or shoes 8 6 8 8 7 10 Plain short Wellingtons and blocked fronts 8 9 8 3 8 3 8 1 Short Wellingtons and blocked fronts, patent or enamel Short Wellingtons and blocked fronts, morocco, kid, 9 8 9 3 9 2 8 9 9 2 8 9 9 8 7 calf-kid, or horse-kid. Extras : * Spring waists 6 6 6 6 Channel waists 6 6 6 6 Wide welts 6 6 6 6 Half wide welts 3 3 3 3 f-edge, if single soles. . 6 6 Patent, enamel, morocco, alligator, kid, calf-kid, or 6 6 6 6 horse-kid goloshes. Prunella, stuff or cloth 6 6 6 6 Cloth or coloured legs 3 3 3 3 Patent legs 3 3 3 3 Toe-caps, calf 3 \(\ * f 3 Patent or crup toe-caps 6 P 3 I 6 > U Panis corium 4 4 4 4 Boots or shoes, morocco, patent, enamel, kid, calf- 3 3 3 3 kid, or horse-kid fronts or backs. Cricket or yachting boots or shoes, buff or canvas . . Spikes in cricket boots or shoes, rivetted Spikes in cricket boots or shoes, screwed 6 1 6 6 1 6 6 1 6 6 1 6 Football boots or shoes, bars across sole sprigged, 4 4 4 4 each pair of bars. Football boots or shoes, bars sewed through sole, 1 1 1 1 each bar. Field or fishing boots 6 6 Legs above 7 inches high 3 3 3 3 Coloured work 6 6 Double soles 9 9 9 9 Heels, every | inch above one inch and quarter, extra (i 3 3t 3 3f Bunking o e 6 . Tackets rivetted in soles 6 6 Shop work, 6d. less. * These extras are common to both short and long work, but occur oftener on short work. Other extras more particularly connected with long work are given in the state- ment under that head. t For all heels above 1| inches, irrespective of measurement beyond that height. The following clauses apply to the first and second rate statements generally : Workmen are entitled to be paid for half or full wide welts when requested to make the welts fuller than showing the stitch. On heels with iron plates, workmen are entitled to include the plate in the height of the heel. Employers to find nails for all work old and new. Wages for work newly introduced or not mentioned in this statement, to be fixed by a committee of employers and workmen. A third rate statement was also compiled by the Workmen's Society in July 1894, with a view of classifying the shops not paying any recognised rate. The list deals with men's and ladies' work, pumps, and jobbing work. MANCHESTER LIST. CLOG TRADE. 187 Manchester. The following extract from the list in operation in the Manchester iiand-sewn trades shows in respect to boys' boots, &c., the distinctions drawn between bespoke and shop work : BOYS' WORK. Bespoke. Shop. s. d. s. d. Boys' Wellingtons, 4's and all under Short ditto, under 8 inch in leg 6 5 6 5 6 5 If stitched seats, extra 6 Albert Boots, 4's 5 6 5 Do. 3's 5 3 4 9 Do. 2's 4 9 4 3 Do. 1's 4 6 4 Do. 13's 3 9 3 6 Do. 12's 3 5 3 2 Do, ll's .. 3 2 3 Do. 10's and all under 3 2 ]0 Buttoned Clarence, Spring, and Laced Boots, Bluchers, and Shoes. Boys' 4's . 5 3 4 9 Do. 3's . . 5 4 9 Do. 2's . 4 6 4 Do. 1's . 4 2 3 8 Do. 13's 3 6 3 2 Do. 12's . . 3 2 2 11 Do. ll's .. 3 2 10 Do. 10's and all under 2 11 9 Patent enamel, cowhide, kid, light, light grain, ext ra 6 Wrinkling . . - , 9 9 Toecaps 3 WingToecaps Bevel Clumps or Mock Corks Square Clumps of Patch Bottoms Middle Soles, leather or gutta percha Ditto, if sprigged round Ditto, if sprigged toes and joints .. Tips or half Tips on heels .. Tips or half Tips on Soles . . - 5 1 9 7 3 2 3 6 All shop work to be given not less than two pairs at a time, lasts tops, and stuff complete. All brass screws, rivets and nails to be found hy the employer. THE CLOG TRADE. Piece work prevails in the clog trade in the districts of Lancashire, Cheshire, Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, and Staffordshire in which clogs are made, the principal centres of the industry being in the first- named county. In March, 1898, the Amalgamated doggers' Society published a general list of prices, containing the price lists agreed upon by employers and workmen in each of these districts. The lists of prices in this publication are for 45 different districts, some of them being much more detailed than others. In 1894 the lists for Burnley, Blackburn, Bolton, and Manchester were revised, the new piece rates giving the doggers an advance on previous wages in each case. By the revised list the prices under 188 CLOG TRADE. the previous Manchester list (dated November, 1873) were raised, the prices for sole-making in men's and women's work being increased 3d. per dozen pairs, and for seat work in the corresponding description of work, Qd. per do'zen pairs, estimated to be equivalent to increases of Is. 3d. per week on the average earnings of both classes. In the Bolton fist provision was made for several new extras, and the prices of one or two of those formerly existing were advanced. Sole-makers received an advance of 3d. per dozen pairs, and the prices for certain operations performed by seat-workers were advanced Qd. or Is. per dozen pairs. The general result of the new prices was said to be equivalent to an increase from 32s. to 36s. in the average weekly earnings of sole-makers, and an increase from 24s. to 27s. in those of seat-workers. The changes in the Blackburn list were estimated to be equal to an advance of about Is. Qd. per week to seat-workers, and Is. 3d. to sole-makers. The Burnley list raised the prices paid for some of the operations performed by seat-workers. Ten new or revised piece lists came into force during 1895 at Colne Farnworth, Heyworth, Horwich, Leigh, Mossley, Nottingham, Old- ham, Rochdale, and Wigan. In all cases the change resulted in an advance on the prices previously paid, the estimated amount of such advance in a full week's work varying from Qd. to 2s. 6d. New or revised lists were adopted in 1896 in Bury, Hadfield, and Glossop, Hyde, Middleton, Nelson, Shaw, and Swinton. In the case of Shaw the list adopted was identical with the Oldham list. The adoption of those lists in every case involved an advance of wages, ranging from an average of Is. per week in the Bury district to 2*. Sd. per week in the Swinton district. No list is said to be recognised at present in Nottingham. Of the four lists of piece prices published in the Standard Piece Rates section of the 1893 Report on Wages and .Hours of Labo>ur, those for the Ashton district and the Bamsley district are still in operation. The revised list for Oldhain is given here. The Oldham new list of wages wais signed on behalf of the Joint Committee of Employers and Journeymen on 19th November, and came into force on 2nd December, 1895. LIST OF WAGES OF THE JOURNEYMEN CLOG MAKERS OF OLDHAM AND DISTRICT. SOLBMAKINQ. Per doz. Pairs. s. d. Men's soles, 9's and upwards 4 3 5'sto8's . 3 9 I'sto4's . 3 below 1's . 3 Spring clog boards . 5 Nailing on 5 Leathering 3 Ironing 1 Extras. Scraping soles Soles for all new and new fronts. 3 3 Letting in irons fronts .. .. 06 Letting in irons-r-heels and fronts 1 All hard wood blocks other than alder to be paid extra for, as a joint com- mittee of masters and men may think roper. SEATWORK New. New clogs, 9's and upwards New clogs, 9's and upwards, ready for last New clogs, 5's to 8's New clogs, 5's to 8's ready for last New clogs, 1's to 4's New clogs, 1's to 4's, ready for lasc New clogs, all below 1's ' . . . . New clogs, all below 1's, ready for last Lace new clogs, 8's and upwards. . Lace new clogs, 8's and upwards, ready for last . . . . . . Lace new clogs, 8's and upwards, machined across front . . Lace new clogs, 3's to 7's . . . . Lace new clogs, 3's to 7's, ready for last Lace new clogs, 3's to 7's, machined across front .. Per doz. Pairs. s. d. 9 6 7 6 5 7 4 9 13 OLDHAM LIST. 189 LIST ov WAGES OF THE JOURNEYMEN CLOG MAKERS, &c. continued. SEATWORK. New continued. Per doz. Pairs. s. d. Lace new clogs, all below 3's . . 10 3 Lace new clogs, all below 3's, ready for last 59 Lace new clogs, all below 3's, machined across front Slipper clogs Pat on t leather clogs Boot clogs 7 6 8 NEW FRONTS. New fronts, 5's and upwards, seamed or whole behind . . 76 New fronts, all below 5's, seamed or whole behind 66 Split new fronts, 5's and upwards, seamed or whole behind . . 80 Split new fronts, all below 5's, seamed or whole behind . . 70 OLD TOPS. Stands, 5's and upwards .. .. 59 all below 5's .. '.. .. 50 Cutters, 5's and upwards . . . . 69 all below 5's 60 Flesher's, cutters, 5's and upwards 6 9 Flesher's, cutters, all below 5's . . 60 All 6's flesher's or old stuff, 5's and upwards 79 All 6s ilesher's or old stuff, all below 5's 70 CUSTOMERS, &c. Clogging customers' clogs .. Clogging customers' old shoes . . Re-ironing Re-toe plating Blocking, making size and black- ing, racking irons, &c., per hour Extras. Knocking off backs for new fronts Old shoes for stand tops Stiffening boot clogs Stabbing ,. All stiffeners for new, new fronts, and all splits All stiffeners for new, new fronts, double end Putting tabs on jobbing Extra brass nails in new or cus- tomers Sizing old tops or customers Back cappells on customers, if stitched with single end after machine Back cappells on customers, if stitched with double end Back cappells on jobbing, if stitched with single end after machine Back cappells on jobbing, if stitched with double end Customers' clogs, cutting down and closing up Putting cappells on customers, with double ends Closing laceups or bluchers above 4 inches high, extra Setting crimps Per doz. Pairs. s. d. 4 6 5 6 1 3 6 10 10 06 10 03 06 10 10 20 10 10 06 30 The following clauses are added to the list : " Any dispute that may arise in regard to this list shall be referred to Joint Committee for settlement." " All journeymen to have fair share of re-ironing, and to cease work at one o'clock on Saturdays." In cases where the irons are put on the soles before the groove is made in which the upper is inserted, the groove is run very close to the iron, and the soles are termed " grip downs." " Crimping " is the design cut into the front of the upper ; the instrument with which the design is cut is called " the plough." A warm iron is afterwards run along the design to throw it up above the surface. This is termed " setting crimps after the plough." The work is . divided into four kinds, men's, women's, boys', and children's. There is little difference between the sizes shoe-makers work to and the sizes of clogs. Clogs begin at " fours " and run up to " twelves " and then again from " ones " up to " sixteens." TAILORING TRADE. The system of payment in the tailoring trade in London is on a piece-work basis. A fixed standard of time, agreed upon by the London, City, and West End Master Tailors' Association, and the 190 TAILORING TRADE. Amalgamated Society of Tailors, in 1891, exists in a list called the London " Log " (see pp. 191 to 194), for each operation in the various stages of garment making, specifying the amount of time allowed for performing the various items of work included in the Log. This Log is still in force, although certain minor additions to that portion of it deal- ing with trousers and breeches were agreed upon and incorporated in the Log in 1897. Payment is made by the hour, according to the stan- dard of rates recognised by the Amalgamated Society of Tailors for the different localities (see pp. 196 to 199). Therefore, the number of hours allotted to the work or garment, according to the scale in the Log, multiplied by the rate of wages 1 per hour, according to the standard time rates, represents a man's earnings. The allotted time, however, does not correspond exactly to the time actually occupied; a skilled and quick worker naturally completing his wofk in a shorter time than one less efficient. The following example illustrates the working of the system, but the particular figures only apply to those London districts in which the minimum time rate per hour is Qd., and to the making of a plain garment. There are a great number of soKjalled extras, which in effect are almost essentials, pockets, for instance, being included under this head. MORNING OR SHOOTING COATS. Nature of Operation. Time Log. Standard Bate in Chelsea per Hour. Computed Earnings. Putting in thread marks and fitting up Seaming side body . . . . . Ho; 1 J U 2 ! 1: I l" 1 i irs. \ \ . d. 6 M s. d. 3 3 3 44 44 3 6 3 6 3 1 9 3 1 74 1 44 1 o 74 3 44 9 9 74 4 Do waists . . . . . . . . Do side seams .. .. .. Making up plait (including hip stay) Plait pockets Basting in canvas and button stay Padding lapel and stay tape Edges stitched raw or made up bluff, seamed and pressed open or felled. Basting over facings and linings, including buggie and sewing skirt facing. Seaming and pressing shoulders Felling in linings * . . . Holes in forepart, each i of an hour, five holes Making plain sleeves as provided in frock or dress coat. Putting in sleeves Pressing off foreparts Buttons per doz. or part thereof Cutting padding and stitching collar . Pressing and covering collar Putting on collar . . . . . . . . Pressing off neck [N.B. The Log also provides for " extras."] It will be seen that this system is one of piece-work pure and simple, since payment is not based on the actual time occupied (as in the case, for example, of the building trades), but on the time allowed for each operation. Hence the hourly and daily earnings of the workman will vary directly according to his skill and speed of working. The following is the full text of that portion of the London Log which relates to dress and frock-coats. This Log was agreed to by LONDON TIME LOG. 191 the London, City, and West End Master Tailors' Association and the Amalgamated Society of Tailors, in 1891, and is still in force. London Time Log.* DRESS AND FEOCK COATS. Hours Putting- in thread marks and fitting up Seaming side body ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 Waists f Lapels ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 Seaming side seams ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... f Making up plaits without pockets and turning in both back skirts, 1 including two hip stays and top of back. First press ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... f Plait pockets 1 Basting- in canvas and button stay ... ... ... ... f Padding- lapels, including bridle to be padded in ... ... ... ... 1| Putting on stay tape ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... f Seaming lapel facings . ... ... ... ... ... Second press ... ... ... ... ... ... ... f Basting over facings, linings (including buggie) ... ... ... ... 1J Felling in linings with or without back skirt linings ... ... ... 2 Seaming and pressing shoulder seams ... ... ... ... ... Edges stitched raw, or felled bluff, including one back skirt ... ... 2 Holes in forepart each j hour (10 holes real or imitation) 2 Seaming and pressing sleeves and sleeve lining ... ... ... ... If Putting in sleeve lining and pressing off sleeves ... ... ... ... 1 Putting in sleeves ... ... ... ... ... /... ... ... 2 Pressing off foreparts ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Buttons ^ hour per doz. or any part thereof (8 buttons)... ... ... 1 Joining coat ... ... ... ... ..3 ... ... ... ... Cutting collar and putting in crease row ... ... ... ... ... ^ Padding collar stand and fall ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... 1J if stitched four rows extra Pressing and covering collar ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Putting on collar ... ... ... 1J Pressing off ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 32f Single-breasted frock, 2 hours less. == EXTRAS ON FROCK OR DRESS COATS, Extra Size ' Dress or frock coats measuring 46 inches at chest, or 42 inches waist, extra 2 Extra Length Frock coat not to exceed 43 inches in length. Each additional 2 inches, or part thereof , extra $ Total of this extra to be limited to 3 hours. Cut 8 andr Puffs Waist cuts in forepart and facings per pair 1 ,, if stoted 1J if rantered 1 Bottom of forepart drawn in with thread, bridle or canvas cut ... i Cuts across breast ... ... ... ... ... ... per pair ; , gorge . i Cuts in top of skirt, seamed or stoted, including linings ... ... i if rantered, extra ... ... ... ... ... i Puffs in linings or facings after the first pair in front of scye, per pair * If any portion of work above named and provided for is deducted from the construction of any garment, the same to be deducted from the Time Statement. In case of any dispute arising out of this Log between any parties concerned therein, the facts of the case are to be placed before the Permanent Reference Committee for adjustment. 192 TAILORING TRADE. Hair Cloth, Canvas, $c. Hours. Hair cloth, single or double canvas in shoulders, bound or otherwise... 1 Hair cloth or canvas not to exceed 9 inches. For each additional 9 inches, or part, or double canvas through fronts 1 Padding or wadding basted on canvas in shoulders \ Wadding flash basted through sides | Shoulders built with three piles of wadding, canvas or cloth 1 six piles 2 nine piles 3 so on, and so on. Edges Each row of stitching round edge or bound ... ... ... ... 2 Edges corded 3 bound and facing felled on binding 4 backed stitched one side 4 both sides 5 flat braided 6 if back stitched 8 piped, seamed, or felled, with cloth ... ... ... ... 4 velvet 6 bound with cloth, felled or back stibched 5 if bound, corded, or stitched round bottom, extra ... 1 flat braided, round bottom, extra 2 Edges stitched together ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 edges pricked together ... ... ... ... ... 3 Seams Single overlaid seams, stitched or back stitched 4 if with lapels 5 Double overlaid seams, stitched or back stitched ... ... ... ... 8 if with lapels ... ... ... ... ... 10 Seamed and swelled seams ... 6 ,, if with lapels ... ... ... ... ... 7 stitched or back stitched each side of seam 10 stitched or back stitched each side of seam 13 if with lapels. Stoting seams 8 Strapping seams 13 if with lapels ... ... ... ... ... ... 15 Pockets Outside breast pocket, jetted or with welt ... ... ... ... ... 1 Pocket across skirt lining not exceeding 8 inch, with hole and button 1J Over 8 inch 2 12 2i All plain pockets above two including loop and button 1 Ticket pocket in seam without flap i with flap or welt 1 Flower pocket under lapel ... .. ... ... ... ... ... \ Sleeves Forming, filling in, or putting on plain cuff 1 Vent at hand ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Holes and buttons at hand, per pair $ Hand facings, plain ' of velvet, kid, &c., extra 1 Round cuffs of velvet, plain ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 silk 2 if loose 3 Facings Silk breast facings on cloth, coat finished 3 ., on flannel or demett ... ... ... ... ... 2 to front edges 3 halfway down ... ... ... ... ... ... \\ if to sleeve head and side linings 2 if delicate materials, on material not otherwise 1 stated or specified. ,, silk sleeve tops ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 All rows stitched in shoulders, sides, creased or otherwise halfway 1 down, at rate of three pair per hour. LONDON TIME LOG. 193 Sundries Hours. Sleeves interlined 1 Back and body, sleeves interlined 1 Skirts, sleeves interlined 1 Back skirts, sleeves interlined ... ... Flaps, sleeves interlined ... ... ... per pair | Wheel pieces on skirt not exceeding 6 inches ... ... Each additional 6 inches or part 1 Cloth laid over skirt lining in front of waist ... ... 1 Facing plait pockets, one side, hr., both sides, 1 hr. Back seam taped or felled ... ... ... ... 1 Buggie lined, bound or faced, extra ... Side edges, plain } if lined, stitched, bound, or corded ... 1 Oil skin, under arms, if under lining ... ... J if over lining 1 Double holes, extra ... ... per pair Flaps 14 Wind cuffs 2 Jigger hooks and eyes, two hooks to fasten in holes, or one hook and J one eye. buttons (see dress coat). Covered moles per doz. 1J rings, pricked round 2 Snips at collar if turned in ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Extra bridle sewn on canvas ... ... ... Velvet lapel to front 2 Delicate Coloured, Materials Coats made from cream, white, scarlet, crimson, &c 3 Linings and facings of delicate coloured materials, including breast 1 facings. Basting Full basting, including facings, wadding, side body linings, sleeve with 4J stump, collar, buttons, and tabs. with all linings and all buttons 6 if with cuffs, extra ... ... ... \ outside collar, extra if without lining or facings ... 3 Single-breasted, 1 hour less. Forward baste, with fronts made up, basting to consist of wadding, 2| shoulder seams, sleeves, back seam, plaits, collar, buttons, and tabs. If fronts are not made up 3 back seam, collar, sleeves, buttons, and tabs 2 without sleeves, buttons, and tabs ... 1 without back seam or sleeves I with collar, or tabs and buttons, or both ... 1 Similar particulars are given in the Log for making the following classes of garments, and they will be found on pp. 83 to 89 of the 1893 Piece Price Volume. (1) Morning or shooting coats. (2) Lounge jackets. (3) Chesterfield or ulster. (4) Chesterfield, new shape. (5) Covert coats. (6) Norfolk shirt. (7) Hunt coats. (8) Eton jackets. (9) Inverness capes. (10) Youths' coats of all descriptions. (11) Miscellaneous. 30321 N 194 TAILORING TRADE. ALTERATIONS. Alterations in ordinary materials to be paid at the rate per hour of new All garments made of material in extra class (if let out), to be paid time and a quarter; this to include ripping. Alterations in scarlet and all other delicate coloured cloths to be paid time and a quarter. Extras not specified in above list to be paid according to time. CLASSIFICATION. NOTE. This is a Time Log for garments of ordinary materials. Ordinary materials are understood to include worsted coatings, diagonals, milled meltons, vicunas, elysians, nap beaver cashmeres, whitneys, best tweeds, serges, angolas, covert coatings unfaced, elastics, friezes, shet- lands, homespuns, whipcords, &c. Extra Class and Superfine Materials requiring superior excellence in workmanship are classed as follows to wit : Treble milled melton, superfines, Venetians and altonas, faced beaver, box cloths, treble superfines, bedf ord cords, kerseymeres, doeskins, silks, satins, &c. Time extra for above Superior Class Silk velvet, silk plush, fur, &c., extra Lower Class To include flannels, drills, linens, ducks, and tweeds not exceeding 4s. 6d. per yard, if 6/4 wide to apply to the three seam jacket only, 2 hours less. Tennis Jackets Three hours less than ordinary class. Machine Log. Supplementary to London Tailors' Uniform Time Log. If done indoors, machine and machinist provided by employer, half of all work actually performed by machine to be deducted. Where a man does, or pays for his own machining, one-third to be deducted on the same basis. LININGS. Frock, dress, or morning coats, basting wadding in sides, half hour to man. Basting wadding in back lining, do. Basting, padding or wadding in shoulders, do. Basting wadding in sleeves, do. LOUNGE AND CHESTERFIELD. Basting wadding in back and forepart half-way down, 1 hour allowed to man. If given in ready stitched, half hour to be allowed. If wadded right to the bottom, 2 hours to be allowed. If given in ready, 1 hour to man. NOTE. For the above time it is understood that the machine must be placed near the workmen, that they may not suffer loss by the distance; other- wise it must be arranged for. APPENDIX TO EACH COPY OF THE LOG. We, the representatives of the Employers' Association, and the members of the Workmen's Central Board, do hereby recommend the above Log to be the Uniform Time Statement for London. Here follow signatures of the representatives of the Employers and Workmen. RAMSBOTTOM MACHINE LOG. 195 Provincial Logs. In the provinces, and also in Wales, Scotland and Ireland, the same system generally prevails, the Time Log and Standard Time Rates being fixed according to the varying circumstances, although in a few cases tailors work to an ordinary piece-list, the price to be paid for each operation being specified directly. The Time Logs for the various operations need not be given here, but the standard rates per hour in the different localities will be found in the table on p. 196. It should, however, be borne in mind that owing to the variations in the construction of the different logs, the time allotted even for the same style and material of garment varies from place to place. The following is a copy of a Machine Log, or Time List, in operation at Ramsbottomi : COATS TO STABT PLAIN WITH THREE POCKETS. *. d. Morning cloth coat ... ... ... ... 7 9 Shooting coat ... .... ... ... ... ... ... 8 3 Tweeds Less 6 D. B. frock coat 11 3 S. B. frock or livery 10 3 D. B. tweed frock 10 9 Dress or box coat 11 3 Cloth reefer do 6 6 Tweed do 6 Chesterfield 7 9 Ulster 7 9 Eton jacket 6 Newmarket 11 9 MATERIALS. Worsted serges. Silk mixtures, meltons, and all faced cloth to pay as cloth. Whitneys to pay as tweed. Patch pockets in coats with flaps, 1 \ hours ; without, 1 hour. Edging on coat, 5 hours ; on vest, 2 hours. TROUSERS. Cloth 3 10 Tweeds 3 5 Cricketing trousers same as tweed trousers, if pockets left out l\ hours less each pocket. Loops for belt 1 hour, extras same as other tweeds. VESTS. Cloth 3 Tweed 2 9 Leggings 2 Short gaiters 1 6 Tweed hour less. EXTRAS IN COATS. Outside B. pocket 1 hours. Hare pocket 1 hours. Ticket pocket 1 hour. Mock cuff 1 hour ; if hole and button 1 hour extra. Round cuff same as mock cuff. Binding by hand 3 hours ; if by machine 2 hours ; stoting l\ hours. Stitching by hand 1J hours. Cuts or fishes 1 hour. Puffs \ hour. Shoulder pads 1J hours. Skeleton Try on 1 hour ; full baste 2 hours. Frock and dress 3 hours. Turning up bottom of reefer, chesterfield, or jacket, and felling across bottom 1 hour. 30321 N 2 196 TAILORING TRADE. Double-breast shooter Chesterfield or reefer 1J hours; fly 1^ hours. Ulster fly at back 1 hour. Tab on neck 1 hour, tabs on sleeves 1^ hours, tabs on skirt \ hour, short belt 1 hour, long belt 2 hours, hood 6 hours, cape 4 hours, raised seams 2 hours, slated or overlaid seams 3 hours, vents in reefer back J hour, in sides 1 hour, flat braiding 6 hours, strapping of seams 6 hours, side edges 1 hour, binding Chesterfield round bottom or up back tack 1 hour. Sizes in coats, 42 inches and over 6%d. extra, under 34 inches 6%d. less. TROUSERS EXTRAS. Lining hour, cuts hour, if taped 1 hour, waistbands \ hour, seat pocket l\ hours, back straps \\ hours, watch pocket \ hour, rule pocket without welt i hour, with welt 1 hour, cash pocket with hole and button and flap, 1^ hours, raised seam 1 hour. Shrinking hams 1 hour, faced bottoms 1 hours, straps and buttons on bottoms, if leather, 1 hour ; if cloth 2 hours ; leather facing round bottom 1 hoars. TROUSERS EXTRA SIZES. Forty inches or over 1 hour, holes over 7 one penny per hole ; under 30 inches t hour less, seat lining hour ; if leather 1 hour ; strapping seat of trousers with cloth 3 hours ; if to bottom of leg 5 hours ; if leather 6 hours ; to seat 3 1 hours ; breeches 1 hour, less to bottom loose lining 2 hours ; drawers 4 hours ; knickerbockers same as tweed trousers ; if elastic or garter and buckle 1 hour, if garter with hole and button 1J hours ; cuts in knee 1 hour ; French bearer 1J hours ; cricketing trousers same as tweeds ; if no pockets 1 hours each less ; loops for belts 1 hour ; extras same as others. VESTS EXTRAS. Step or roll collar 1 hour, watch pocket 1 hour, inside breast pocket hour, if flaps 1 hour, back straps 1 hour, if sewed in with back ; short straps hour, clerical collar sewn on 1 hour, if cut on \ hour ; D. B. \ hour ; holes in single breast above six one penny per hole. D. B. all holes above eight one penny, sewed on lapels \\ hours, cuts in back 1 hour; cuts in front 1 hours, sighs \ hour ; stitching edges 2 hours. For hand sewing in coats, 6 hours extra ; plain sides 2 hours ; diamond or creased sides 4 hours ; collar 3 hours ; other extras \d. per hour ; vests binding 2 hours ; if by machine 1 hours. Trousers by hand 4 hours, raised seams 1|- hours ; other extras as before. Stitching edges of morning or shooter 3 hours ; for stoting 1J hours ; stitching dress or frouk to waist 2 hours. Stock coats, 3 hours less in all coats, but extras to pay as in ordered trade. Trousers 1 hours less, but extras as ordered. Vests 1 hour less, extras as ordered. All extras not mentioned in the log to pay k\d. per hour. Repairing and altering to pay 5d. per hour. Standard Time Rates. TABLE showing the RATES of WAGES per HOUR, used for calculating the earnings of PIECE WORKERS, recognised in the undermentioned TOWNS by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY of TAILORS. [ Compiled from the Annual Report of the Amalgamated Society of Tailors, supplemented by information received from tJw General Secretary of the Society.'] Branches. Kate of Wages per Hour. Branches. Rate of Wages Hour. Norther Alnwick Ashington Bedlington . Berwick-on-T-' Bishop Auckla Blyth . . Carlisle.. Chester-le-Str< n Coi veed nd 56t inties d. 4 I 1 5 and 5 Northern Count: Cleator Moor.. Cockermouth Consett Coxhoe Crook .. Darlington Durham Hartlepool es cc mt. d. 4 5* 41 1 5 5 STANDARD TIME RATElS. 197 Branches. Rate of 1 Branche, Hour. Rate of Wages per Hour. Northern Counties cont. Haswell Houghton-le-Spring Jarrow-on-Tyne Kendal . . d. 5fJ 5to5i ef 1 5s} and 6 Lancashire and Cheshire cont Manchester Ardwick Hulme Openshaw Rusholme Nantwich Nelson Oldham Ormskirk Over Winsford Padiham Preston Radcliffe Ramsbottom Rochdale Runcorn St. Helens ... Salford Sandbach Southport Stockport Todmorden Ulverston Warrington .. Widnes ... Wigan North-Midland Counties. Bakewell d 5J, 6, a 5 f 5 5 6 4ai i 5am 5 am 6 4 5 5 1 4 4 4 4s 4 5; 4am * 4 4i 4t 4i 5 am 4A.an 4< 4< 4| 4 aj 6 5 t j 4^ 5 I 1 4am 4 an 4 and 5 4 and 5 I 1 4 5 4i id6i i d5 1 i: I I 4i dl d5 15 15 4i 44 Mar yport Morpeth Newcastle-on-Tyne Penrith Seaham Harbour Shields, South North Stockton-on-Tees Sunderland Wallsend 1 4A to 6 4$ and 5 a 5 ? 44 4 i ** 5 I* 5 4* 4J 4 5 5 5 4J and 5 4 44 and 5 4 and 5 4| 4 and 4A 4^ and 5 I* f 64 4! 5* 4^ and 5 5 to 6 5 5 i & 5 ? 5 5, 54, and West Hartlepool . . West Stanley Whitehaven Yorkshire. Barnsley Bingley Bradford Brighouse Castleford Dewsbury Doncaster Guisborough . . Halifax .! . .'. Harrogate Hebden Bridge Heckmondwike Huddersfleld . . Hull . . Keighley Leeds Middlesbro' . Richmond . Rotherham . . Scarborough . Sheffield Skipton Wakefleld . Whitby.. York .. Boston Buxton Chesterfield Coalville Derby Gainsborough Glossop Grantham Grimsby Horncastle Ilkeston Leicester Lincoln .. Loughborough Louth Mansfield Market Harborough Newark Nottingham Worksop .. .. .. Lancashire and Cheshire. Accrington .. Altrincham .. Ashton-under-Lyne Bacup Barrow-in-Furness Birkenhead .... Blackburn .... Blackpool Bolton Burnley .... Bury West-Midland Counties. Birmingham Balsall Heath Bridgnorth Bristol Burslem Burton -on-Trent Cheltenham Cirencester Coventry Gloucester Hanley Hereford Kidderminster Leamington Leek Lichfleld Longton Ludlow Chester Chorley Colne Congleton Crewe Darwen Earlestown Eccles Fleetwood .. .. " Heywood Hyde Lancaster Leigh Liverpool Market Drayton Newcastle-under-Lyme . . Oswestry Macclesfleld 6 5 198 TAILORING TRADE!. Branches. Rate of Wages Hour. Branches. Rate of Wages per Hour. West-Midland Counties cont. Ross Rugby .. Rugeley Shrewsbury Stafford Stourbridge Stroud .. Walsall.. Warwick d. 4 44. and 5 44. 4 and 5 5 4 5 South-Eastern Counties cont. Godalming Gosport Guildford Hastings Horsham Isle of Wight, Cowes Ryde Kingston-on-Thames Lewes . d. t 5 and 54 1 4 to 5 a West Bromwich 5 Lymington . 44 Whitchurch 4 and 4 Maidenhead . 4 Wolverhampton 5 Maidstone . . . . 5 Worcester 5 Maro'ate . . . 44 and 5 4* 5 South-Midland Count es 4 5 Bedford 5 4* Cambridge 5 5 Baling 5 Sittingbourne . . 4| Eton 5 Southampton . 4^, 5. and Harrow Kettering Luton 5 ? Tunbridge Wells 6. 4 and 5 5 Newmarket 44 Winchester 4 Northampton 5 Windsor 5 Oxford 5 Wokingham . *i Peterborough 5 Worthing 5 Uxbridge 5 Yorktown 4i Watford Eastern Counties. Beccles 4 41 South-Western Counties. Bath .. Bridgwater 5 4 Ipswich . 3 5 King's Lynn . Norwich Yarmouth London. Bayswater Chelsea City " Excelsior," Westminster " German City," Whitechapel . . " Hand-in-Hand," London W 44, and 5 6 and 7 6 6 and? 7 6 and 7 6 6 and Exeter . . Frome Launceston Liskeard Marlborough Newton Abbot Plymouth Swindon Torquay Trowbridge . ... Wellington . ... Weston-super-Mare Weymouth . . f 4 to 5 4 and 44, 4 and 5 4 and 4 5 44 International West End, London, W Greenwich Putney Woolwich South-Eastern Counties. Aldershot Alton Arundel Ashford Basingstoke 6 and 6 6, 6, and f> ;> 5 and tj 6 44 4 A *1 4$ Isle of Man. Douglas Wales and Monmouth. Aberdare Abergavenny Bangor Blaneau Festmiog Brecon.. Bridgend Cardiff 4| and 5 ? f 4 and 5 Bournemouth Brighton Bromley Canterbury Chatham and Rochester Croydon Dorking Dover .. Eastbourne . . East Grinstead Faversham . . Folkestone . . 5 and 5 5 and 6 o 6 5 5 5 5 5 and 5 5 5 4$ and 5 Carmarthen Carnarvon Crickhowell Denbigh Ferndale Groeslon Holy well Llanelly Llanrwst Maesteg ... Merthyr Tydvill Morriston .. ., , .. 5* 5 it !' 1 DENTON HATTERS 1 LIST. 199 Branches. Eatc of Wages Hour. Branches. Eateof Wages per Hour. Wales and Monmouth co/^. Ulster cont. d. d. Mountain Ash Cavan .. 34 Neath .. 44 Coleraine 4 Newport Newtown 5 4 Dungannon . . Enniskillen . . 4 4 Pontypool Pontypridd Ehondda Val ey Ehyl . . 44 44 Keady Lisburn Londonderry Lurgan 4 44 and 5 4 Euthin . . 4 Newry 4 and 44 Swansea 5 Omagh 34 Tonypandy Welshpool Portadown .. Strabane 4 34 Wrexham 44 Leinster. SCOTLAND. _^_ Athlone 3 Northern Counties. Droffheda 44 Dublin 5 and 54 Aberdeen 44 to 54 Dundalk 4 and 44 Arbroath 5 and 54 Kells Dumbarton 6 Kilkenny 4 Dundee 5, 54 and 6 Kingstown 4 to 5 Falkirk 5 Mullingar 4 Fraserburgh 4 Parsonstown . 3 Huntley 4 Kirkintilloch 4 Montrose Perth 5 to 54 44 and 5 Munster. Peterhead 4i Clonmel 3 ^2 Cork .. 4 and 44 Limerick Southern Counties. Newcastle (West) . 3 Queenstown Berwick-on-Tweed Edinburgh 5 and 54 5, 54, and Tipperary Tralee .. 3 and 4 6. Waterford 4 5 54, and Greenock 5 and 54 Connaught. Gal way 34 and 4 IEELAND. Ulster. CHANNEL ISLANDS. Armagh 4 Ballymena 4 St. Heliers 54 Belfast 5 to 6 HAT TRADE. Lists of piece prices for journeymen hatters are in force in several districts, the principal centres of the felt hat trade being Denton and Hyde. The complete list for Denton is printed on the following pages as a specimen. (1.) Denton List of Prices for Wool and Fur Hats. The list agreed upon between employers and employed on October 5th, 1891, is still operative, but certain amendments have since been made, and are incorporated in the list as printed. About 1,400 men and 1,500 women are paid to this Denton list, the processes of wool forming, trimming, and machine binding being performed by women, and the remaining processes by men. 200 HAT TRADE. The following explanation of a few of the principal terms used may aissist the comprehension of the list. " Planking " is the process of making felt from the raw material. The initial stage of this process is known as " settling " and the final stage as " stumping." " Bumpers " are machines for making felt, chiefly of the common kinds. They are identical in principle with the milling machine in the woollen cloth trade. " Whizzing " is the process of hydro-extraction by machinery. " Curling " is the process of putting on the curl alt the edge of the hat brim. "Veluring" is the process of putting on the final gloss or finish. " Clearing " is ai process by which surplus " proof " or stiffening is removed from the surface of the felt. "Capping" is the putting on of paper caps to protect the finished surface of the hat crowns. " Lashing " is the fine stitching at the outer edge of the hat leather. The terms " outside " and " inside " refer to outworkers and to those working inside the factories. WOOL HAT BODY MAKING. FORMING. Up to and including 2 oz. ............ l\d. per dozen. 3 ............ 2d. 34 ............ 2irf. 4* .......... M. ,, 5 ,, ... ... ... ... 3%d. per dozen for each oz. over 5 oz. %d. per dozen to be deducted from above prices to pay the Feeders. .HARDENING (Cup AND CONE). Up to and including 2| oz. ............ 2 {rl. per dozen. extra for each additional oz. in weight. Dyed wools %d. per dozen extra. HARDENING (FLAT). %d. per dozen over price for Cup and Cone. Fine Wools %d. per doz. extra. Dyed Wools %d. per doz. extra. Price for Twisting and Stretching to be arranged between Employer and Employed. HAND PLANKING. Up to and including 2^ oz Is. &d. per dozen. 2d. per dozen extra for each additional oz. or part thereof. If settled and Carbonized, ^\d. per dozen less. All Wool Hats Planked Outside to be paid Id. per doz. extra to Inside price. If by weekly wage not less than 32s. per week of 56 hours. Touths up to 16 years of age are not counted as apprentices upon Settling Machines. Free Labour allowed upon Bumpers. DENTON HATTERS* LIST. 201 FUR HAT BODY MAKING. FORMING. Up to and including 2 1 oz 2\d. per dozen. I) H ' * 11 * - 4 , 3d. L extra for each additional \ oz. \d. extra if Wool and \ Fur. \d. extra if f Wool and \ Fur. Or by weekly wage at not less than 33s. per week of 56 hours. HARDENING. Up to and including 2 oz. 4d. per dozen. \d. extra for each additional \ oz. %d> extra for | Wool and Fur. Id. extra for Wool and Fur. Shells 6d. Pullovers 7rl. Or by weekly wage at not less than 33s. per week of 56 hours. Stumping by hand, not exceeding 1 inch ... ... Is. per dozen. Second Sizing after Sandpapering, not exceeding inch Is. ,, Second Sizing after Knife Shaving, not exceeding f inch Is. ,, Hand Stumping Outside (after Machine Planking) Id. per doz. extra to Inside price. Second Sizing Outside 1 d. per doz. extra to Inside price. Settling Price to be arranged between Employer and Employed. HAND PLANKING. For the lowest qualities up to 2 oz 2s. 6d. per dozen. To rise 3d. per ^ oz. and 3d. per quality. 3d. per dozen to be deducted from above prices for hats that are to be second sized. All Fur Hats Planked Outside to be paid 2d. per doz. extra to the price paid for the same work when done Inside. Or by weekly wage at not less than 32s. per week of 56 hours. STAINING. Drabs, 4>d. per dozen. Other shades, 6d. Youths up to 16 years of age are not counted as Apprentices upon Settling Machines. Free Labour allowed upon Bumpers. BLOCKING. WOOL, VENEERED AND FUR HATS. PULLED OUT BY HAND. Furs. Low Common OtherWools Wools. andVeneers. Round Crowns Id. Sd. Square Crowns 8d. 9d. Two Lowest Other Qualities. Qualities. 3d. lOd. per dozen. lid. 1*. 202 HAT TRADE. PULLED OUT BY MACHINE. Low Common OtherWools Wools. andVeneers. Round Crowns 5%d. 6d. Square Crowns 6^. Id. Furs. Two Lowest Other Qualities. Qualities. Id. 8d. per dozen. The above List to cover all Brims up to and including 3 inch, over 3 inch Id. per doz. extra. RE-BLOCKING. Round Crowns Square Crowns Wools. Furs. 5d. 6^. per dozen. 6d. Id. SOFT HATS. Wools. Furs. Up to and including 5 in. deep ...... 9d. Wd. per dozen. Over 5 in. deep ............... Wd. Is. 2d. per dozen less if pulled out by Machine. Soft Hats, over 4 inch Brims, Id. per doz. extra. Wools. Furs. 4d. Qd. per dozen. FRAMED HATS. Pull-downs (pull out by hand) TENNIS HATS. Wools. Furs. Blocked with Flat Brims (pulled out by hand) Qd. 8d. per dozen. Extras. Whizzing (if done by Journeymen) Id. per dozen. Blocking on Arched Frames Id. Odds less than \ dozen at rate of Is. per doz. PRESSING AND MACHINE CURLING. (Prices agreed upon between Employers and Employed, May 12th, 1897.) PRESSING WOOLS OR FURS. Round Crowns * l\d. per dozen. Square Crowns ... ... ... ... ... ... lf^. Bell Squares 2d. Re-Pressing %d. per doz. less than first time Turned Hats \d. per doz. extra. Soft Hats 2d. per doz. each time. Odds up to and including ^ doz \d. per doz. extra. If Plates are used to increase depth of shape \d. per doz. extra. Or by Weekly Wage at not less than 32s. per week of 56 hours. MACHINE CURLING AND IRONING. Wools. Furs, per doz. per doz. Curling on Flat, Ang. or Bolls l$d. lid. Curling, Ironing, and Flattening Ang. by Machine . . . . 2d. ' 2d. Curling, Ironing, and lifting Ang. Curls 2%d. 2%d. Curling and Ironing Rolls 3d. 3 jd. Curling E'agets Ifd. 2d. Curling and Ironing Pagets 2$d. 2fd. Curling Set Hats 2d. 2\d. Curling Bevel Brims or Turn Backs Set Hais 2%d. 2%d. Or by Weekly Wage at not less than 326-. per week of 56 hours. DENTON HATTERS' LIST. 2()b FINISHING WOOL AND VENEERED HATS. Low Common Common Medium Best Wools and Wools. Wools. Wools. Veneers Bound a-owns .. .. Id. 9d. lOd. Is. per dozen Square Crowns .. .. M. lid. Is. Is. 2d. The Low Common Wool to be Singed before Pressing. Extras. Fancy Colours id. per dozen. Washing Drabs or Slates Outside 6d. In and Out 9d. Teluring after Ee-Pressing 2d. Clearing l$. tt Capping ... Id. ts Brushing (if done by Journeymen) ... ... ... Id. Steaming Flex, or Hard (Round or Square) Sd. ., Odds, less than doz. ! Turned Hats Round Crowns 6d. Square Crowns Sd. tt Carded Hats to be 3d. per dozen over above prices for Black Hats. FINISHING Fun HATS. Lowest Qualities Round Crowns Is. 2d. per dozen. Lowest Qualities Square Crowns Is. 4c?. Other Qualities to rise as per lists issued.* Extras. Washing Drabs or Slates, Outside Go?, per dozen. In and Out 9d. Steaming Flex, or Hard (Round or Square Crowns) . . . 9d. Steaming Flex, or Hard (Round or Square Crowns) less than \ doz Id.perhat. Veluring after Re-Pressing 3d. per dozen. Clearing la. Capping Id. Turned Hats (Round Crowns) 8d. (Square Crowns) lOd. ,, Brushing (if done by Journeymen) ... ... ... Id. FINISHING SOFT AND FRAMED HATS. Wools. Soft Hats up to and including 4^ in. deep and 3j in. broad, l.y. 9^7. Furs. 1st Quality 2nd Quality 3rd Quality 2.?. 'Sd. 2s. ^l. 3*'. 3d. per doz. For each additional inch in depth or half inch in breadth, 3d. extra. Prices of other better qualities of Furs to be arranged between Employers and Employed. Above Prices include dry Ironing in Furs. Water Ironing Crowns, 3d. extra; Crowns and Brims, 60?. per dozen extra. Arched Blocks ... ... ... 2d. per dozen extra. Wools. 1st Quals. Furs. Boys' Sailors, up to 3^ in. Brim ... 2s. 3d. 3s. 3d. per dozen. Over 3^ in. 2s. 6d . 3s. Qd. Boys' Alpines 2s. 3d. 3s. 3d. Girl's and Ladies' ... ... ... ... 2x. (W. o*. (>d. 5d. Ironing and Paring Set Hats lie?. Is Paring Set Hats 5d. 5d. 5d. Ironing and Paring Pagets, Roll or Ang ... lOd. Is. Paring Pagets Roll or Ang 4>d. 5d. 6d. Ironing Fronts and Backs after Setting ... Id. Id. Machine Setting 4rf. 4r/. 5d. Setting by weekly wage not less than 35s. per week of 56 hours. Damp Veluring or Papering and Veluring ... .V. 3d. Veluring ld. 2d. 2d. Or by weekly wage as can be agreed between Employer and Employed. Extras. Ironing and Paring Curls over | in. 2d. Making Rolls or Semi Rolls from Anglesea 3d. Patching Broken Curls 6d. * See also Amended List. DENTON HATTERS 1 LIST. 205 PLAIN SHAPES. Wools and Veneers. Furs. Curling 8d. 9d. Curling (with Brim Heaters) ... ... 5d. Qd. HAND SHAPING. Wools and Veneers. Furs. Curling. Ironing and Paring: 2.v. 2d. 2.v. 2d. Setting 9/7. 9d. Veluring "M. M. f Curls and upwards, Qd. extra. Odds less than \ dozen, 3d. per hat. TRIMMING. Low COMMON WOOLS. Per dozen hats. Binding and Bracher Leathers ... ... ... ... ... Is.Qd. If banded by Trimmers Is. Wd. Wools and Veneers. Furs. Binding, half and half Is. 3d. ls.4,d. Binding (graduated or twice bound) Is. 7d. Is.Qd. Bracher Leathers Qd. Qd. Lashed Leathers 9d. 9d. Cotton Linings ... ... ... ... ... ... 6d. Silk or Satin do. (plain, pleated or cane) 9d. Qd. Diamond ... ... ... ... ... ... Is. Is. Machine Whipped Leathers ... ... ... Id. 7d. Extras. Per dozen hats. Wires Sewn Inside Curls Id. Wires Sewn Outside Curls Qd. Ferretting Id. Banding ... ... ... ... ... ... 2d. Elastic and Buttons Id. Fixing Eyelets in Linings ... ... ... ... 2d. Sewing Felt Pads under" Leathers 2d. Sewing in Cork Fronts ... ... 3d. Lashing Cape or Persian Leathers 2d. Lashing Calf or Russian Leathers ... ... ... 4c?. Drawing Leathers Id. TRIMMING SOFT AND FRAMED HATS. Per dozen hats. Wools. Furs. Banding 3d. 3d. Binding, half and half la. 3d. Is.ld. Binding (graduated or twice bound) ls.9d. ls.9d. Bracher Leathers ... ... ... ... ... 60?. Qd. Machine Whipped Leathers Id. 7d. Lashed Sd. 8d. Linings 9c?. 9d. Lashing Common Tennis Hats ... ... ... Qd. Lashing in Satin Pads 9d. 9d. Fancy Bows, extra. Other Extras same as Hard Hat List, 206 HAT TRADE. MACHINE BINDING. Per doz. hats. Slinging 2d. Binding Soft or Frame (first row) 2d. (other rows) ... % \\d. Turnover Bindings same price. Sewing on Bands per row, top or bottom ... ... ... \\d. Running Sides, Machines steam driven ... ... ... ... Id. ,, ,, foot l^d. Sewn at Home ... ... ... ... ... I^d. The Price for Binding Girls' and Ladies' Hats to be arranged between Employers and Employed. (2.) London List of Prices. The London District Price List was agreed upon at a conference of employers and conjoint committees of Executive and District of the "Journeymen Hatters' Fair Trade Union" on February 5th, 1889. Advances in the prices for body making came into operation in Febru- ary 1899, and these alterations have been incorporated in the list printed below. The silk hat trade is divided into three sections, viz., body-making, Snishing, and shaping. The body, crown, and brim, which form the shell of the hat, are made and joined together by the body-maker. The silk or other material is usually cut out by a forewoman, who hands it over to a crown sewer for the purpose of stitching the crown to the sides. It is then handed to the finisher, who covers the body, and finally to the shaper, whose duty it is to shape the brim in accord- ance with the pattern that has been given him, varying more or less with the changes of fashion. Each process is paid for at a given price per dozen, with extras, as set out in the following piece scale. The apprenticeship system as rigidly carried out in the trade, the apprentices being also> paid by the employers at piece rates. During the busy season the average pro- duction of a journeyman hatter is about 3J dozen per week. About 2'50 men are paid to the list. BODY MAKING. Per doz. Two-ply bodies,* one on frame covered once (ordinary strength), brim 4 substances, patch back and front ..'. 12 Three-ply bodies, two on frame, covered once (ordinary strength), brim 4 substances, patch back and front ... 12 Three-ply bodies, one on frame, covered twice (ordinary strength), brim 4 substances, patch back and front ... ... ... ... ... 13 Livery bodies, two on frame, covered once (ordinary strength), brim 5 substances, patch back and front ... ... ... IB Livery bodies, two on frame, covered twice (ordinary strength) brim 6 substances, patch back and front ... ... ... 14 Extra light bodies, men's or ladies' 12 Zephyr bodies, men's or ladies' ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 Manilla, willow, and mohair bodies 13 Hunting caps 18 All the above to be water brims. * One piece of calico strained on a frame and saturated with shellac and covered with another piece of the same or similar material, is called a "two-ply body," and so on in proportion according to the strength required. LONDON HATTERS' LIST. 207 Extras. Per doz. *. d. Odd hats 1 Sets (gauge or rule) ... ... 1 Brows, or 1 or 2 inches oval, or conformateurs, or broad back or front 2 Corks 3 Consols (prepared) ... ... 3 (unprepared) ... ... 4 (felt) 4 Papers 1 Stamped tips 1 Fly unders 1 Soft bands 3 Pounce brims 1 Felt brims 3 G.P. band cut flush ... ... 1 ,, turned over... ... 2 Tip measurement or pattern hats 2 Per doz. *. d. Extra cover on crown or brim 1 Blocks packed out over in. head 2 Spring brims (water) 4 (pounced) ... 5 Spring tips made in mould ... 3 on block ... 5 Brims rounded for finisher ... 1 Bodies made deeper than block up to ^ inch ... ... ... 4 Bodies made deeper than block over ^ inch ... ... ... 6 Regular hats tipped and half blocked 2 Brims 3 inches and over in width 2 Varnishing second time, spirit or waterproof... ... ... All bodies given out singly to be made, to be paid for as odds. BOUND AND SQUARE CROWNS. Regular round and square crowns, one or two ply on frame covered once, 4 sub. brim Round crowns, if pulled over in one piece All extras to be paid for as in regular work. Per doz. d. 10 11 FINISHING. SILK HATS. Plush 9. 10, 11, and 12 picks to the \ inch 13 and 14 15, 16, and 17 18, 19, and 20 The above to include merino unders. Per doz. *. d. 12 14 16 18 OPERA HATS. Opera hats, merino satin Per doz. . d. 6 9 PULL OVERS. Men's fashionable blacks colours Round, square, and dome crowns, 1st quality, best 2nd Per doz. s. d. 14 15 11 12 CLOTH AND MERINOS. Men's fashionables Round, square, and dome crowns if sewn Per doz. s. d. 12 n o 10 o 208 HAT TRADE. Odd hats .. Per < ... i Exti loz. d. o "O*. R F H s B ^ I S B 3 Sets ... 2 ... 1 Corks ... 2 Cork, round crowns Consols . . . ... 1 ... 3 round crowns .. felts Lights, or extra lights .. Rehalf blocking Conformateurs Soft bands ... 1 ... 2 ... 1 ... 3 ... 2 ... 2 Rounding Flat satin or cord Half sling, satin or cord Satins, flat, on curl Half sling Whole sling Imitation curls ... Silk unders, flat... sling Butted seams (per butt) 3-inch brims and over ... Per. doz. *. d. 1 6 5 2 3 All hats given out singly to be finished, to be paid for as odds. SHAPING. Per doz. Per doz. s. d. *. d. Plain shapes 4 Half -inch curls... ... 8 Small curls, bound 5 Five -eighths inch curls ... 10 Quarter inch curls, not bound... (> Three-quarter inch curls ... 12 Three-eighths inch curls ... 7 One inch curls ... 18 Extras. Per doz. Per doz. *. d. s. d. Luring off 2 Boat shapes, over th boat ... 1 Jobs 2 Odd hats 1 Soft bands 2 All felt hats, with the exception of plain shapes, Is. per doz. less. 209 MISCELLANEOUS TRADES. PRINTING AND ALLIED TRADES. Both piece-work and time-work* systems prevail in the printing trades, though the latter is more common than formerly. In some branches (e.g., electrotyping, proof-reading, &c.) time work is universal, or nearly so. In others (e.g., composing, bookbinding, &c.) the two systems exist side by side in certain districts. In several branches, however, of the group of trades in which piece-work is in vogue, no recognised piece-scales exist, each job being priced on its merits (e.g., among copper-plate engravers, a majority of whom are said to be piece- workers). So far as piece-work prevails among lithographic artists the same system is pursued. The following account of piece-rates in the printing trades deals solely with those branches in which a more or less fully recognised piece- scale exists. TYPE-FOUNDING. London Typefounders' Scale. For the guidance of the members of this trade an elaborate scale of prices has been prepared, and wais adopted by the members of the Amalgamated Typefounders' Tiale Society at a Special General Meet- ing of members held on March 16th, 1899. This list has not been fotrmally approved by the employers, but it is said to govern the London trade, in which about 500 workmen are employed. The majority of the foundries are within the metropolitan radius, but others exist in Edinburgh, at which the work is performed under similar conditions. The processes specially provided for in the following scale of prices are " machine casting," " rubbing," and " kerning " ; " breaking-off " and "setting up" not being included in the piece-scale. The first- mentioned process will, doubtless, be well understood. That of " rubbing " consists of removing a burr which adheres to the shoulder of the type, the sides of the letters being rubbed on circular stones or fine steel files. " Kerning " consists of dressing the overhanging part of the type (as in the italic letter/) without disturbing the kern, or dot at the upper or lower part of the shank or body. " Breaking-off " is the process of removing from the foot of each letter after it leaves the machine a wedge-shaped piece of metal ; this is usually done by boys. " Setting up " is the next process, after which the types are turned on their face, and a groove cut in the bottom, thus removing the burr left in " breaking off." Defective letters are then removed, and the type divided into founts, * In the compositors' branch of the printing trade time-work is a mode of pay- ment distinct from either piece-work or day-work. It is adopted in newspaper and book offices principally, piece hands being called upon to go on time to do authors' corrections, &c., in fact any work ordinarily performed by a compositor other than setting up type. 30821 210 PRINTING TRADE. each letter in due proportion, the different letters being averaged accord- ing to the requirement of the printer, e.g., if 3,000 letter "m" is required, 9,000 letter "a," and 14,000 letter "e" will be necessary, and so on in proportion throughout the alphabet, a similar rule apply- ing to Ibs. weight. With the exception of passing the type from one branch to the other, each individual workman employed in a particular branch has no connection with those employed in other branches, all being paid in accordance with the following scale, at the price per 1,000 or per lb., as the case may be. PIECE-WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBING. . Body. Description. MACHINE CASTING. RUBBING. Hand. Steam. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. ( Roman and Italic s. d. s. d. 1 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Oi | Antique and Sans-Serif - 1 - - - OJ Canon, Four-Line Pica,< and Larger. Flowers and Ornaments Script 1 li OJ Oi Spaces 1 - - Seven-Line Emerald Flowers and Ornaments 1 - OJ Six-Line Minion Flowers and Ornaments 1 - OJ Eoman and Italic 1 - - Oi Titling - 1 - - - Oi Antique and Sans-Serif - 1 - - - Oi Blacks and Ornamented 1 - Oi Two-Line Double Pica< and Four-Line Small Pica. Flowers and Ornaments Script and Penman : 1 1| : : . OJ Do. Supporters - 1 - - - Oi Albert Text - - Spaces 1 - Oi Six-Line Emerald .. Flowers and Ornaments 1 - OJ Three-Line Pica .. Roman and Italic and Antique. Flowers and Ornaments : 1 1 : : _ Oi OJ f Roman and Italic 1 - Oi Titling 1 - Oi Antique and Sans-Serif 1 Oi Blacks and Ornamented 1 - Oi Flowers and Ornaments 1 - OJ Two-Line Great Primer < Rules, Leaders, and Signs. Do. Wide : 1 1 Oi Script 2 - - Do. Supporters 1 - 0| Spaces ., 1 - - Oi Quads Oi LONDON TYPEFOUNDERS* LIST. 211 PIECE-WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBING cont. Body. Description. MACHINE CASTING. RUBBING. Hand. Steam. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. Five-Line Emerald Four-Line Minion . . Brunswick Black Flowers and Ornaments Flowers and Ornaments s. d. P. d. li 01 14 s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Oi Oi Oi ,' Roman and Italic li Oi Titling H Oi Antique and Sans Serif - o li - - Oi Blacks and Ornamented - o li - - OJ Flowers and Ornaments li - Oi Two-Line English and< Four-Line Emerald. Rules, Leaders, and Signs. Do. Wide li 1 - : Oi Script 2i - Do. Supporters li - - Oi Albert Text If - Oi Spaces - li - - Oi Quads - Oi - - - I Roman and Italic li Oi Titling li - Oi Antique and Sans Serif li - - Oi Blacks and Ornamented li - Oi Flowers and Ornaments li - Oi Two-Line Pica .. < Rules, Leaders, and Signs. Do. Wide li 1 : Oi Penman 2i - Do. Supporters li - - - Oi Spaces - li - - - Oi . Quads - Oi - - - Roman and Italic li - Oi Titling li - Oi Antique Sans Serif li - Oi Blacks and Ornamented li - - - Oi Double Pica and Two-J Line Small Pica. Flowers and Ornaments Rules, Leaders, and Signs. Do. Wide - li li 1 - - - o Oi Oi Script 2| - - - Do. Supporters li - - Oi Ronde - li - - Oi Greek li o 4 30321 2 212 FEINTING TRADE. PIECE-WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBING ctmt. Body. Description. MACHINE CASTING. RUBBING. Hand. Steam. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. 1000 ib. i Double Pica and Two-< Line Small Pica cont. Hebrew Syriac Spaces s. d. s. d. li o 13 li s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Ui Oi Oi I Quads 0^ Three-Line Emerald Brunswick Black Flowers and Ornaments li li Oi Oi Titling and Sans Serif . . - li - - - Oi Blacks and Ornamented - li - - - Oi Rules, Leaders, and Signs. Penman : li 3 : : Oi Two-Line Long Primer < Do. Supporters . . - 11 - - - Oi Hindustani - li - - - Oi Sanskrit - li - - - Oi Spaces .. .. - li - - - Oi ^ Quads - Oi - - - ( Roman and Italic - 1^ - - - Oi Titling - li - - - Oi Antique Sans Serif - li - - - Oi Blacks and Ornamented - li - - - Oi Flowers and Ornaments li Rules, Leaders, and Signs li - Oi Great Primer and Two-< Line Bourgeois Wide Ditto Script 1 3.1 : : Do. Supporters - li - - o i Albert Text - 3 - - li Greek and Arabic - li - - Oi Malayan li Oi Spaces li Oi . Quads - 0* { Titling and Ornamented - li - OJ Two-Line Brevier and < Two-Line Minion. 1 Spaces Quads li Oi : Of 1 Roman and Italic If __ Of English and Two-Line< Emerald. Titling Antique and Sans'Serif 13 li : 0? (1 (!< ^ Blacks and Ornamented is OJ LONDON TYPEFOUNDERS' LIST. 213 PIECE WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBING cotit. Body. Description. MACHINE CASTING. RUBBING. Hand. Steam. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. Flowers and Ornamented s. d. s. d. If s._d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 03 Rules, Leaders, and Signs - o 13 o 03 Do. Wide - 1 Script 3 Do. Supporters 2f - 2| English and Two-Line-s Emerald cunt. Ronde German Text 1| IS : : : o 03 o 03 Greek, Arabic, and Sindhi. Hebrew and Syriac If 1| o 03 o 03 Spaces 23 - o 13 - 23 Quads OJ - - ( Roman and Italic 7 - 4 - 2| Titling - If - - 1 Antique and Sans Serif. . - 1| 1 - o 03 Blacks 7 - - - 2J - Ornamented - If 1 1 Flowers and Ornaments 1J 1 1 Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide. o 14 1 1 1 o 03 Script - 4} - - - - Do. Supporters 2 - - - o 23 - Pica and Two-Line Non-< pareil. Ronde Initial Text If If 23 - - o oi Narrow Gauge .. 7 - - 21 - German and Hebrew . . 7 - o 23 _ Saxon and Greek 7 2f Do. Kerned Points and Vowels. Arabic and Malayan . . 10 j 7 o 23 o 23 - Bengali and Sanskrit . . 7 - - - o 23 - Panjabi - 1| - - 03 Spaces 2| - - - 23 - Quads 1 - - - - f Roman and Italic 6 3J - 23 - Titling 2 - 1 1 Small Pica and Two-Line< Ruby. Antique and Sans Serif Blacks 6 2 : 1 -- 1 o 2| - 1 ^ Ornamented 2 1 1 214 PRINTING PIECE WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM). AND RUBBING rtmt. Boly. Description. MACHINE CASTING. RUBBING. Hand. Steam. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib. ( Flowers and Ornaments s. d. s. d. 2 s. d. s. d. 1 s. d. s. d. 1 Eules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide : 14 1 : 1 1 1 Doomsday Saxon Irish 6 - - - 2| - German and Hebrew . . 6 2 - Small Pica and Two-Line-; Ruby con t. Greek Do. Kerned Vowels and Accents. Sanskrit , 64 9f 64 - - 2| 2| 2| - Tamil 2 - - 1 Spaces 2J 14 - 2| - . Quads 1 - 1 - - ( Roman and Italic 5 3 - 2| - Titling . 21 - 11 - 1 Antique and Sans-Serif 21 - o 11 - 1 Blacks 5 - - - 2? - Ornamented 21 - H - 1 Flowers and Ornaments 21 11 1 Rule?, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide If 11 11 o u 1 Initial Text 21 - - - 1 Long Primer and Two-< Line Pearl. Narrow Gauge and Skele- ton. Doomsday and Saxon . . Russian and Polish 5 5 5 - - - 2| 2f 2f - German and Hebrew . . 5 - 2| - Compound Hebrew 64 - 2| - Greek 64 - 2| - Do. Kerned Vowels and Accents. Arabic and Hindustani. . 9f - 64 - __ 2f 2| Sanskrit and Hindi 64 2f - Syriac 64 - - - - o 24 Spaces 3f. - 14 - 2| Quads 1 - - ( I Roman and Italic 41 2| - 2$ - Bourgeois, Two Line | Diamond, and Three-< Line Minikin. Titling Antique and Sans-Serif Blacks 41 o 24 o 24 - H H 2| 1 1 \. Ornamented ~ 24 H 1 LONDON TYPEFOUNDERS* LIST. 215 PIECK-WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBING cont. Body. Description. MACHINE CASTING. RUBBING. Hand. Steam. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib. ' Flowers and Ornaments s. d. s. d. 2k s. d. s. d. 1 s. d. s. d. 1 Eules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide. : 2 1* 1 1 1 German and Hebrew . . 4* - - - 23 - Bourgeois, Two-Line Diamond, and Three-< Line Minikin. Greek Do. Kerned Vowels and Accents. Arabic 64 9f 4 - - - 2| 2f 21 - Panjabi 2k - - - 1 Spaces 2| - o 14 - 2i - V Quads - o u - Roman and Italic 4 24 23 - Antique and Sans Serif - 2f 1 - o 14 Blacks 4 - - 2f Ornamented 2f 1 - o 14 Flowers and Ornaments 23 14 - o 14 Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide 2\ I* 14 o 14 o 14 Brevier < Narrow Gauge 4 2f - Skeleton 2| o 14 Saion and Hebrew 4 - 2| - Compound Hebrew 6* - 2f Greek 64 - 2| Do. Kerned Vowels and Accents. Spaces 9| 2| o 14 2| 2| Quads - li - f Roman and Italic 4 o 24 2f - Antique, &c 3 - o 14 - o 14 Flowers and Ornaments 3 - 14 - o 14 Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks, Do. Wide '2h 2 o 14 o 14 : o 14 Minion < Hebrew 4 - 2| - Sanskrit and Hindi 64 - 2f Greek H.J - 2| Do. Kerned Vowels and Accents. Spaocs 9| 23 1J 2f 2| ~~ " ( Quads 14 216 PRINTING TRADE. PIECE-WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBING cant. Body. Description. MACHINE CASTING. RUBBING. Hand. Steam. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib f Boman and Italic s. d. 4 s. d. s. d. 2ft s. d. s. d. 2| s. d. Antique, &c - 4 - 1ft 2 Flowers and Ornaments - 4 - 1ft - 2 Emerald < Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide .. 3 2ft ~~ 1ft 1ft 2 Hebrew 4 - 2| - Spaces 2| - li - 2| - Quads If - - - - ( Roman and Italic 4 - 2ft - 2} - Antique and Sans Serif - 4 - 2 - 2ft Blacks 4 2f Ornamented - 4 - 2 - 2ft Flowers and Ornaments 4 2 - 2ft Nonpareil and Two-Line< Minikin. Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide Skeleton 4 3ft 3 - 2 2 2| 2ft German and Hebrew . . 04 - - o n - Greek 6ft - - - 2f - Do. Kerned Vowels and Accents. Imprint Gothic 9f 8 : : : 2| 2J : . Draughts - 4 - - - 2ft For Pica Split Fractions Do. Spaces . . 4 4 : : 3f 2f : i Arabic 6ft - 2i - Nonpareil and Two-Line < Minikin. ) Spaces Quads 2| 2 1ft : 2f f Roman and Italic 4 - 2ft - 2f - Antique, &c. 4 2 - 2ft Ruby Nonpareil .. ..< Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide : 3ft 3 2 2 2ft Spaces 2| 1ft 2f Quads 2 f Roman and Italic 4ft - 2ft - 3 - Antique, &c Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks. Do. Wide .. - 5 4 3ft - 2 2 2 - 2| 2| LONDON TYPEFOUNDERS 1 LIST. 21? PIECE-WORK PRICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBINU COflt. MACHINE CASTING. Body. Description. Hand. Steam. - RUBBING. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib. 1000 Ib. Split Fractions . . s. d s. d s. d a. d s. d. 3 s. d. For Small Pica Do. Spaces . 4 _ _ 3 _ Ruby ' Spaces - - 1 3 Quads 2 _ Roman and Italic 5 3 3 3 Antique, &c. - 6 3i Pearl Flowers - 6 - 3 3J Rules, Leaders, Signs 4 . 3 n ?u Blanks. "4 Do. Wide .. 4 3 __ Hebrew and Polish 5 33 _ For Long Primer Split Fractions .. 5 - - - 3 a Do. Spaces . . 5 3i _ Pearl Spaces 3 - 1 3 3 Quads 3 _ _ Roman and Italic 7 _ o 43 Antique, &c. 8 3 Rules, Leaders, Signs, Blanks - 6 3 Diamond and Half BourH Do. Wide .. 6 geois. Greek 7 4| Do. Kerned Vowels 10 :!] and Accents. Points and Accents 7 4 For Bourgeois.. .. ] Split Fractions 7 - - o 43 Do. Spaces . . 7 4 1 __ Diamond and Half Boiir- | Spaces 4 - - - 4 3 geois. ( Quads - 3i _ _ Half Brevier Points and Accents 9 - - 6 _ ( Rules .. 9* 6 For Brevier .. .. ] Split Fractions .. 9 - - 06- ( Do. Spuces . . 9 - - 6 Half Brevier Spaces 9 - ~ - 6 ( Quads - 4 _ For Minion Split Fractions .. 9 - - 6 ( Do. Spaces . . 9 6 Half Minion } paces 9 - - - 6 - ( Quads 4 _ __ ILilf Emerald Points and Accents 9 - - 6 -. I orders <* 218 PRINTING TRADE. PIECE-WORK PKICES FOR MACHINE CASTING (HAND AND STEAM), AND RUBBING cont. Body. Description. Machine Casting. Rubbing. Hand. Steam. 1000 ib. 1000 lb. 1000 lb. For Emerald .. .. j .Split Fractions Do. Spaces . . s. d. 9 9 s. d. | s. d. s. d. s. d. 6 6 s. d. Half Emerald . . . . j Spaces Quads 9 4 : 6 Minikin and Half Non-j pareil. Points and Accents Rules 9 1 0-^ ~~" 6 For Nonpareil . . j Split Fractions Do. Spaces .. 9 9 6 6 : Minikin and Half Non-j pareil. Spaces Quads 9 5 - - 6 - In the event of any question arising not mentioned or made clear in the foregoing Scale, such question shall be governed by the custom of the Trade, if p jssible, or by mutual agreement. HAND COMPOSITION. The system of paying compositors in proportion to tke number of types set up is believed to have existed, to some extent, from the introduction of this mode of printing in the fifteenth century. So far back as 1785 a " London Scale of Prices for Compositors' Work " is known to have been in operation, and this scale has formed the basis upon which compositors have since worked. Alterations and modifica- tions, however, have from time to time been made in the London Scale by the mutual consent of representative employers and workmen, the dates of such alterations being 1793, 1795, 1800, 1805, 1810, 1847, 1866, 1872, and 1891. The existing scale of prices was agreed upon by the representatives of the Printing (now called the Master Printers') and Allied Trades' Association and the London Society of Compositors at a series of con- ferences held at Stationers' Hall in 1891. Most of the principal towns in the United Kingdom have scales of prices distinct from the London Scale, but the chief point of difference is to be found in the price per thousand " ens," and therefore a brief description of the London Scale, with the mode adopted in carrying it into effect, will be sufficient for present purposes. The London Scale is divided into three sections, viz., the Book and Jobbing Scale, the Parliamentary Scale, and the News Scale, the latter LONDON BOOKWORK SCALE. 219 being sub-divided into three parts, one dealing with morning papers, another with evening papers, and the third with papers produced weekly and at wider periods. (a.) London Bookwork Scale (1891). Dealing first with the Book Scale, it is provided that "All works in the English language, common matter, including engliah and brevier, are to be cast up at 7%d. per 1,000 [ens] ; minion, 7d. ; non- pareil, 8%d. ; ruby, 9d. ; pearl, 9%d. ; diamond, Il$d. ; head and white lines included. A thick space to be considered an en in the width, and an en to be reckoned an em in the length of the page. 1,000 to be charged where the number of letters amounts to 500; under 500 not to be reckoned. If the calculation per 1,000 shall not amount to an odd threepence, the odd pence to be suppressed in the price of the work; but where it amounts to or exceeds threepence; sixpence to be charged." This paragraph, it will be seen, is full of technicalities, which, how- ever, are readily explained. "By the term 'common matter' is understood the usual description of bookwork, but where any departure whatever is made, by the introduction of peculiar matter, extraneous sorts,* contractions, &c., the compositor to be entitled to an extra charge in accordance with the time occupied." " English and brevier " are the maximum and minimum sizes of type that are to be " cast up," i.e., measured and paid for, at the minimum raite per thousand letters, a higher rate being paid for each body of type smaller than brevier. The " head and white " lines refer to the headings to each page, and the blank line between such heading and the text in the page itself. A " thick space " is the space most commonly used between each word ; an " en " is also a space, but rather thicker, and is taken as the average thickness of each letter of the alphabet, an " em " being the equivalent of two " ens " or three thick spaces. Reprints, in every respect exact reproductions of the originals, are cast up at %d. per 1,000 less, those not in every respect reproductions at %d. per 1,000 less, and those with MS. insertions at \d. per 1,000 less. " Thin fountsf to be cast up at %d. per 1,000 extra for every en below 12 ems of their own body in thickness. " Bastard founts of one remove to be cast up to the depth and width of the two founts to which they belong; of two removes to be cast up to the smaller body, both in depth and width. " Matter stereotyped by the plaster process to be cast up, if with high spaces, at \d. per 1,000 extra ; if with low spaces, at \d. per 1,000 ; but should any other method be adopted entirely obviating the inconvenience occasioned, no extra charge per 1,000 to be made." The prices per 1,000 throughout apply to solid matter, but \d. 1,000 is deducted when leads are used, i.e., when a space appears tween each line. The following abstract of the London Scale of Prices for Bookwork * Letters, iigures, &c. f Sizes of type below the reeo^ni/ed standard. ; Those having a small i'ace on a large body. 220 PRINTING TRADE. will enable some idea to be formed of the varying rates paid in 1S99 for those bodies of type most in use : ABSTRACT of the LONDON SCALE of PRICES PER THOUSAND ENS for BOOKWORK, 1899. Bodies of Type. GENERAL BOOKWORK. DICTIONARIES. Common. Foreign. English, Foreign ENGLISH to > BREVIBB ) ( leaded ( solid i leaded | solid MANUSCRIPT. d. If d. d. d. I! i* d. P W 2 MINION 7 71 9 it a 9 9| NONPAREIL ( leaded ( solid 11 9 9! 81 94 9? 10 .iii I? 1 RUBY 1 leaded i solid 1* 9* 10? 94 9| 10 loj PEARL J leaded f solid SI 10 10! 9* 1U4 10! 11 10i n DIAMOND ( leaded ( solid 1 12 12| 111 124 12i 13* 13l ENGLISH to ) BREVIER j Headed i solid REPRINT. 7 7} 7 7i 71 8i 8 81 MINION ( leaded [ solid !* sf 71 7f 8 86 J NONPAREIL ( leaded ( solid 7! t 8 8* 8f 9* 9| RUBY ( leaded ( solid II 1 2 8 9 9i 9| 8| 104 PEARL ( leaded j solid 8 8f 94 10 9 92 Of 10| _ ill 12! 10 lOf DIAMOND J leaded I solid 10 10| 114 12 12 12| Bodies of Type. GRAMMARS. CATALOGUES. English. Foreign. Llbr ^. Sgfe. Auction- eers'. ENGLISH to ) BREVIER ) ( leaded ( solid MANUSCRIPT. d. I! d. ? d. p d. i d. 7i MINION J leaded i solid 8 " 81 1 1 a 1 NONPAREIL C leaded ( solid 94 10 ? 94 10 8 a RUBY ( leaded j solid 9* 10 i 1 9l 10! ^ PEARL j leaded 'solid ( leaded I solid iS ff 94 104 10 11 9 9J DIAMOND JJf w 114 124 12 13 11 m ENGLISH to ) BREVIER ) ( leaded i solid REPRINT. 7J 74 8 1 B! K " 91 i il | MINION ( leaded 1 solid 8 I NONPAREIL ( leaded \ solid 8 ^ 1 1 2 RUBY J leaded ) solid 8| J 9 9f 8 i 9 Ra 93 4 PEARL ( leaded ( solid 9 ?J 1 ft x M-^- S-i ot ibj DIAMOND I leaded I solid 11 HI i 1 ill 121 i LONDON BOOKWORK SCALE. 221 In addition to the price per 1,000, the compositor is entitled to numerous extras per sheet, according to the nature of the work, most of which are clearly denned in the scale. The size of a sheet varies, but in casting up no sheet is considered single which exceeds 520 superficial inches of printed matter, including borders, rules, and inner margins. All of larger dimensions are cast up as two sheets of half the number of pages of which the whole sheet consists, i.e., 4to. as two sheets of folio, or 8vo. as two sheets of 4to. Whether, therefore, the compositor is entitled to charge such extras as may occur in a work upon 16 or 32 pages is a matter of considerable importance, especially when such extras run into several shillings per sheet, as they fre- quently do. "Works in 16, 18, or 32 pages to the sheet, in small pica and upwards, are paid Is. 60?. per sheet extra; if in long primer, or smaller type, Is. Forty-eights are paid 2s. per sheet extra, and sixty-fours, 2s. Qd. "Works imposed in small chases,* or with stereo. furniture,t to be charged 1*. per sheet extra on the above charges. Pamphlets of five sheets and under are paid Is. per sheet extra. " Bottom notes to be measured off and cast up to their own body, with an addition of Is. for placing! in folio, quarto, and octavo; Is. Qd. in 12mo.; 2s. in 16mo., 18mo., and above, for each sheet in which they occur. " Quotations, mottoes, contents to chapters, &c., in the same fount of type as the notes to be reckoned as notes. " In measuring off notes, quotations, &c., the actual quantity of small type to be reckoned, and when it exceeds one line, one line extra to be allowed for the white, but when there is only one line of small type, one line to be reckoned; i.e., for each separate quantity of note, quotation, &c., exceeding one line, one line extra to be reckoned for the space which separates it from the text, but where no space appears, no line to be reckoned. "Types between the sizes of the text and the notes, or smaller, to be measured off and paid Is. per sheet extra for placing in those sheets in which they occur, for every sized type used. " Double-column notes, interspersed through a volume, to be charged, in addition to the price for notes, Is. per sheet extra in 8vo. ; Is. Qd. in 12mo. ; 2s. in 16mo. " Side notes, not exceeding a broad quotation or five lines on an average in each page, are paid, for each sheet in which they occur, Is. in folio; Is. Qd. in quarto; 2s. in octavo; 2s. Qd in 12mo.; 3s. in 16mo., 18mo. and above. Double-narrows || Is. Qd. in folio, 2s. Qd. in quarto. Cut-in notes ^ are paid as side notes, with the addition of 2d. for each justification.** " Side notes in nonpareil, though not exceeding the quantity specified, and not cast up to their value, to be paid 60?. per sheet additional; if in pearl, Is. per sheet additional. " Where side notes exceed the maximum quantity specified, viz., five lines on an average in each page, the actual number of lines set up to be counted and paid treble the price of common matter, as an equivalent for composing and making up. In casting up, the actual width only of the text and side notes to be taken respectively. " Double side notes, or notes upon each side of the page, to be paid double the price specified for notes on one side of the page, for each sheet in which they occur. " Figures in the margin down the side of a page not to be considered side notes, but to be charged extra according to the trouble occasioned. "Under-runnersft not to be cast up with the side notes, but to be paid by agreement between the employer and journeyman. * Prepared for the stereotype foundry. t Material which is specially used to protect the edges of the type. J Seeing that they appear at the foot of the proper page. Equal to about two-thirds of an inch. || Equal to about one inch. 1f Notes let into the text instead of the margin. ** Spacing out the line to the proper measure, tt Figures or letters down the side of a page to indicate the position ot any line. 222 PRINTING TRADE. "Side notes attended with more than ordinary trouble to be paid by agreement between the employer and journeyman. " Reviews, magazines, and works of a similar description, consisting of more than one fount of type, and cast up to the respective bodies, to be paid 2s. Qd. per sheet extra. " No deduction to be made for leads occasionally used, unless with sizes of type leaded throughout according to the plan of the publication. " Contents and other prefixed matter to a volume of a publication belong to the companionship* which has done the parts, but such matter may by mutual arrangement be given to another piece companionship in an emer- gency. " Wrappers may, by mutual agreement between the employer and journey- man, be set up either by piece or establishment f hands; if by the latter, such wrappers belong to the house. " Standing advertisements, J wood-cuts, or stereo, blocks, in a wrapper or advertising sheet, not to be chargeable, except for the time occupied in making up. "Jobs of one sheet or under to be cast up at 8%d. per 1,000; if in a foreign language, 10o?. Jobs in smaller type than brevier to take the proportionate advance previously specified. " Two pages only, irrespective of imposition, to be paid as two pages ; if with an endorse or any other kind of matter constituting a third, then as three pages. " Jobs of the character of bookwork to be cast up in sheets, with the usual extras, and the portion of the sheet which is actually set up or imposed to be charged. " Tracts or Capers of one sheet or under, forming part of a uniform series, not to be considered jobs, but to be cast up according to the type in which they are set, with the addition of Is. per sheet for folio, Is. Qd. for 4to., 2s. Qd. for 8vo. and smaller sizes, provided the compositors obtain a return of letter, &c. || in each case. " Where works are printed on alternate pages, the compositor to be entitled to charge for the time occupied in making up the blanks. " TJndisplayed broadsides in one measure, such as leases, deeds, and charter- parties, above the dimensions of crown, whether table or common matter, to be paid double the price of common matter; on crown and under, one and one-half common matter; if set in 2, 3, or 4 columns, one and one-fourth common matter; 5 columns, one and one-half; 6 columns, double. The en- dorse to be paid one-fourth of the inside page as common matter. Displayed broadsides, if containing more than 16 lines, to be paid as follows: s. d. Foolscap or crown 5 Demy ... 70 Royal 8 6 Double crown ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 "If containing 13 and not more than 16 lines, three-fourths of the prices specified; if 12 lines and under, one-half. " Broadside descriptions of plates to be paid one and one-fourth common matter, and each turn-over page to be paid as a full page. " Tabular and table work is matter set up in three or more columns depend- ing upon each other and reading across the page. To be paid as follows : 3 columns without headings, one-fourth extra. 3 columns with headings, 4 columns without, one-half extra. 4 columns with headings, and 5 or more with or without, double the price of common matter. " Headings in smaller type than the body, but not exceeding two removes, if not more than three lines in depth, to be paid Is. extra; if more than three lines, or if in smaller type than two removes, to be cast up according to the relative values of the two bodies; the greatest number of appearing lines being considered the depth. * The name given to a body of men working together. t Compositors paid a fixed weekly wage. + Advertisements that have previously appeared. whJ^the^sheet Scolded* 116 Pag6S *" SUCh * manner fts to enable them to fall correctly II The same sized type, leads, material, &?.. LONDON BOOKWORK SCALE. 223 The following to be considered a definition of the word heading: Parish. Name of Voter. Residence. Chelsea John Smith Belgrave Place. " Or thus, when set in smaller type, and forming three or more lines: Name Trade Place of or of Voter. Profession. Residence. John Smith Wheelwright Chelsea. " Elank tables to be cast up double the price of the text type of the work. No extra charge to be made for headings in smaller type, unless such headings constitute one- third of the table. " The extra price for table, tabular, and column matter to be paid on the actual dimensions only, with the following exceptions : Title headings to table and tabular matter to be reckoned as part of such matter ; but when exceeding 5 ems of the body of the table, &c., in depth, 5 ems only to be charged as table, the remainder as common matter. " Bottom notes to tables to be paid on the same plan as title headings : not to constitute a pro ratd charge per sheet, provided they do not exceed 5 ems of the body of the table. " Table, tabular and column matter, when paid by an addition to the price per 1,000, to be cast up according to scale: thus a Greek table is cast up as once Greek and once English. " Tables belonging to a work to take the extras of that work. "Column matter, as distinguished from table and tabular, is matter made up continuously in two or more columns, not depending upon each other, and reading down the page, to be paid as follows: 2 columns: In folio and 4to Is. per sheet. 8vo 2s. 12mo 3s. ,. 16mo. and smaller sizes 4s. 3 columns: In folio and 4to., 2s. per sheet. In 8vo. and smaller sizes, one-fourth more than common matter. 4 columns: In folio and 4to., 4*. per sheet. In 8vo. and smaller sizes, one-half more than common matter. 5 columns: In folio and 4to., one-half more than common matter. In 8vo. and smaller sizes, double the price of common matter. 6 columns: In all cases double the price of common matter. "Column matter not exceeding 5 ems pica in width to be paid one-half more than common matter; not exceeding 4 ems pica, double the price of common matter. " Parallel matter, dialogues, vocabularies, comparative statements, and matter of a similar description, although arranged in columns depending upon each other, to be considered as column matter; if attended with extra trouble, to be paid by agreement between the employer and journey- man. " Two-column matter, interspersed through a volume, to be charged Is. per sheet extra in 8vo., 1. Qd. in 12mo., 2s. in 16mo., on the sheets in which such matter occurs. "Three columns, depending upon each other, when made up forming six across the page; and six columns, depending upon each other, across two pages, to be charged double. " The foregoing charges to be made upon every description of work, and t) include the insertion of column rules when required. 224: PRINTING TRADE. " Algebraical and mathematical works, consisting of mathematical fractional workings numerously interspersed throughout, to be paid double the price of common matter. " Where lines or small portions of algebraical or mathematical workings occur in different parts of a work, such lines or portions are not to be measured and cast up, but to be paid for in proportion to the labour or time employed in executing them. " Chemical and medical works to be cast up as common matter, with such extras for split fractions,* superiors, inferiors,t signs, &c., as shall be mutually agreed upon between the employer and journeyman for the time occupied. "Pedigrees to be paid double the price of common matter; and the heads and notes upon the same principle as the heads and notes of tables. " Pedigrees worked separately to take the extras of the work. "Interlinear matter, on the plan of the Hamiltonian system, to be paid as one-half the large and one-half the small type, and to be cast up as one and one-half the price of common matter. "In grammars, &c., where figures and words are arranged between the lines (not being a literal translation), one-fourth more than common matter to be paid. " Works (including reviews, magazines, periodicals, and similar publications) set up in slips may be paid for in either of the following ways: "a. To be cast up and charged at 8d. per 1,000 leaded or solid, with all such extras as may actually occur in the slips, the compositor to be relieved from all further responsibility. Matter set to less than 16 ems of its own body in width (not being table, tabular, or column matter) to be charged one-fourth extra; less than 10 ems of its own body, one- third extra. Slips so charged to become the property of the employer, who shall not be liable to any further claim, anything otherwise stated in the Scale notwithstanding ; the copy to be given out and proofs pulled by the house. " 6. Works sent out in slips, not in perfect pages, to be corrected and made up at the expense of the employer, and charged as sent to press; but if in two or three columns, provided that each column exceeds 12 ems pica in width, no charge for column matter to be made; if set in long primer or smaller type, the charges for 16mo., 18ino., ,&c., to be relin- quished; if sent out without headlines, the value of the headlines to be deducted. " Matter driven out by insertions to be charged by the compositor as the work goes to press, but the value to be deducted from the time taken in setting insertions and driving out such matter; when driven out "by leads, the overmatter to be charged by the compositor, the time occupied in inserting leads to be deducted; when driven out by the insertion of wood-cuts, the matter to be charged, but the time taken in justifying such wood-cuts to be deducted. " Indices, though but one measure, to be paid 2s. per sheet extra. "Appendices, portions of works, &c., set up in a different type from the text, and made up in separate pages, to be cast up on their own merits ; and if not exceeding five sheets, or if made up without a return of letter, to take Is. per sheet extra. Prefatory matter, preliminary dissertations, biographical memoirs, &c., not exceeding a sheet, if set up in type not less than the body of the text, to be paid as pages of the work; if set up in smaller type, to be cast up with the addition of the extras of the work; but if either exceed a sheet, to be cast up as appendices. Half-titles, titles, dedications. &c., in all cases to be paid as pages of the work. Indices, being provided for, are not included in this rule. Compositors engaged on a volume to be entitled to the preliminary, appendix, index, &c., but such matter may by mutual arrangement be given to another piece companionship in an emer- gency. " Matter having been once used becomes the property of the employer at whatever time lifted, the compositor to be entitled to charge for correcting, making up, &c. "Works, other than reviews or periodicals, in which more than one type is used in various parts of the text, to be charged Is. for every fount above one for the sheets in which the mixture occurs. * Fractions cast in two pieces. t Small letters or flcrures cast on the upper or lower part of the body. LONDON BOOKWORK SCALE. " Works with rules or borders round the pages to be cast up to the actual dimensions of the type, an extra price being paid for the trouble occasioned. " Blank pages to be filled up at the option of the author, the compositor to be entitled to charge for making up the blanks. " Specimen pages in all cases to be paid as jobs. " Cancels to be paid as pages of the work, with all extras. " No deduction to be made for wood-cuts, when constituting one-eighth of a volume or less; when exceeding that quantity, the mode of charging to be arranged between the employer and journeyman. Kun-in wood-cuts to be paid not less than 2d. each extra. " Compositors to be entitled to correct the author's proofs of all works they have composed, except when paid for in slip, in accordance with clause a; but such proofs may by mutual arrangement be given to another companionship in an emergency. " Music to be paid by agreement between the employer and journeyman. " Suitable distribution* for each work to be provided, but if matter inter- spersed with clarendon, italic, figures, &c., be given out, an arrangement to be made between the employer and journeyman whereby the latter may be compensated for the extra time occupied. " Compositors not to be called upon to clear awayf any description of work at their own expense. " By mutual arrangement between the employer and journeyman and with the approval of the Chapel^ compositors 55 years of age and upwards may accept employment at the minimum rate of 30s. per week, provided that they are regularly engaged in clearing away and not called upon under any circum- stances to assist at case or to take up any description of composition, &c. The ordinary extra rates for overtime to be paid to compositors so engaged. " By mutual arrangement between the employer and journeyman, piece com- panionships to have the right of appointing and controlling their own clickers, who must not be establishment hands. " Compositors not to be called off the piece on to the establishment for any description of composition, unless engaged for at least a fortnight, except, with the consent of the Chapel, when they may assist in a case of emergency. " Compositors not to contract, by way of farming, || to do any description of bookwork or jobbing, or to accept an engagement on any such work so contracted for. " Compositors called in to assist in the composition of bookwork or jobbing may take a casual engagement for not less than a day on the establishment, but not of greater length than a fortnight without being entitled to a fort- night's notice, except when specifically engaged for a particular job and re- tained for that job only, in which case the engagement can be terminated on its completion, without notice. "Compositors on the establishment to receive not less than 38s. per week of 54 hours, the apportionment of hours to be mutually agreed upon between the employer and journeymen in each office, and to govern all the compositors employed. "Compositors, whether piece or establishment hands, if retained beyond a fortnight, to receive and give a fortnight's notice prior to their engagements being terminated. " Corrections and time-work to be paid at the rate of 8%d. per hour. " All works to be cast up as sent to press, except when paid for in slip in accordance with clause a. " Turned letters,^ when ordered to be used, to be altered at the expense of the employer. " Clarendon, or other fancy tvr>e, to be paid not less than Is. per sheet for each fount, in such sheets in which it is used. " Hair-spaced headlines to be charged Is. per sheet extra in 8vo., Is. Qd. in 12mo., and 2s. in 16mo. : headlines requiring justification to be paid at the same rates. Hair-spaced words introduced into the body of a work to be * Type for re-filling the compositors' cases. f Taking away head and white lines, tying up pages for distribution, &c. J A meeting of compositors or pressmen is called a " Chapel," the person who presides being called the " Father." Those who receive the copy from the overseer, give it out to the compositors, make up the matter into pages, write the bill, &c. !i Taking work at a price and employing labour to produce it. 1 This mode has to be resorted to when any particular letter or figure runs short. 30321 P 226 PRINTING TRADE. paid according to the time occupied. Brass rules after headlines, or used continuously throughout the sheet, if cut by the compositor, to be paid Is. per sheet extra. " Braces and justifications, letters or words of a smaller or larger size than the depth of the line in which they occur, requiring justification, inferior or superior letters or figures made up of two pieces, and split fractions, to be paid according to the time occupied, but not less than Qd. per sheet, for those sheets in which they occur. "Initial or ornamental letters to be paid, if justified, in solid matter, Id. ; in leaded matter, 2d. Cut-in initials to be paid not less than Id. extra on the above charges. " In all works where the last word of a line is taken into the line above or below, the compositor to charge at the rate of one full line for every four words, or portion thereof, taken above or below. " Matter overrun to be paid one-half of the measure to which it is overrun, with all the extras; this charge to include making up and imposition. "Matter set to less than 16 ems of its own body in width (not being table, tabular, or column matter) to be charged one-fourth extra; less than 10 ems of its own .body, one-third extra. (b.) London Parliamentary Scale (1891). " All work for either House of Parliament, such as public and private bills, minutes of evidence, reports of royal commissions of inquiry, &c., whether manuscript or reprint, leaded or solid, to be charged 7(7. per 1,000, including english and brevier; and to be cast up to the type used. Work for either House of Parliament, divided into two columns, to be charged Sd. per 1,000. Tables to be charged Is. 2d. per 1,000. Foreign to be charged extra on the basis of the Book Scale. " Private Parliamentary bills to be charged 7rf. per 1,000, and tables Is. 3d. per 1,000. except those which are of the regular size, and for which a stated price is paid as under : English body. 26 ems wide by 47 ems long *. d. Without side notes, per sheet ... ... ... 6 With broad quotation side notes, ditto 9 With double narrow side notes, ditto ... ... ... ... 10 Pica body, 29 ems wide by 53 ems long Without side notes, per sheet ... ... ... 7 With broad quotation side notes, ditto ... ... 10 With double narrow side notes, ditto ... ... 11 "Pages consisting of two or three columns with one or more headings, or three or four columns without headings, to be charged as tabular, or one and one-half common matter. "Pages consisting of four or more columns with one or more headings, or five or more columns without headings, to be charged as table, or ^double the price of common matter. "Short pages occurring 1 in a series of tables to be charged as full pages; but a table or piece of table occurring in a report, &c., to be charged only the depth of the table,' measuring from the head to the conclusion of such table. The same rule to apply to tabular. "In a series of tables all portions of pages left blank to be changed as table ; in jobs or works consisting of common matter, where table or tabular matter is introduced, whatever blank occurs to be charged as common matter, unless the table or tabular matter forms more than three-fourths of the page; in which latter case the page to be charged a full page table or tabular, as the case may be. " Headings to table or tabular matter, when in smaller type than the body of the table, to be charged extra. "Pages consisting of four or five blank columns to be charged tabular; six or more, table : cast up to the size of type used in the bill, report, &c., in which they occur. " Blank forms,, when used by themselves, detached from any bill, &c., to be charged as pica table or tabular according to the number of columns. " Plain matter divided into two columns to be charged not less than Is. per sheet extra. "Bead-over pages (as in Dr. and Cr. accounts of two pages), where one LONDON PARLIAMENTARY SCALE. 227 page only is tabular or table, the same charge to be made for both pages; read-over pages in no case to be charged less than tabular. "The charge for side notes on Parliamentary bills to be 3s. per sheet of four pages on broad quotations : 4s. on double-narrow quotations. For other descriptions of Parliamentary work, side notes of broad quotations, not exceeding five lines per page, to be charged Is. 6d. per sheet in folio, 3s. in quarto; in double-narrows, not exceeding five lines per page, 2s. per sheet in folio, 4s. in quarto: all above that proportion to be paid ad valorem throughout a bill, report, appendix, &c. Double side notes to be charged double the above. " Reports, minutes of evidence, and appendices to be cast up separately, and to take only the extras which strictly belong to them. Thus, if a report, &c., have side notes, and the appendix is without side notes, no charge is to be made on the appendix for side notes. "Where two bottom notes, or one note of twenty lines, occur in a bill, report, appendix, &c., a charge of Is. per sheet extra to be made throughout such bill, &c. ; all above to be charged according to value. "Work not intended for either House of Parliament, but executed for the public departments, to be charged according to the Book Scale, with all the extras. " Bills and claims in Chancery, briefs for counsel, and work for either of the courts, to be charged in all respects according to the Parliamentary Scale. "Appeal cases to be cast up at 80?. per 1,000; if above 40 ems pica in width, at 9o?. per 1,000. Side notes, whether light or heavy, to be paid per sheet of 4 pp. folio, if on broad quotations, 3s. ; double narrow, 5s. ; double broad, 6s. : in quarto, on broad quotations, 4.s. 6d. ; double narrow, 7s. Qd . ; double broad, 9s. RATES OF OVERTIME FOE BOOK, JOBBING, AND PARLIAMENTARY WORK. "Overtime to be paid at the rate of 3%d. per hour extra for the first three hours ; after that time, but in any case after 10 o'clock from Monday to Friday inclusive, at 4-d. per hour till twelve o'clock, after that at 5d. per hour. On Saturday, for the first three hours, 4,d. an hour, and after that time 5d.* The charge for overtime to be governed by the ordinary working hours of each office, and to commence in any case before 8 a.m., after 8 p.m., and after 2 p.m. on Saturday, each day standing on its own merits. Compositors called upon to work the whole of the dinner-hour to receive 4a. extra. Compositors regularly employed in a night com- panionship for a fortnight at least to charge 3\d. per hour extra, including meal- times. Compositors called upon to work overtime for more than three consecutive hours to be entitled to half-an-hour for refreshment after each three hours of overtime have been worked.f Fractions of hours to be paid as complete hours. Lost time to be deducted at the ordinary rate, but a compositor coming in more than half-an-hour late may be called upon to work the first hour of overtime the same day without charging extra, each day standing on its own merits.* " Sunday work to be paid at the rate of Sd. per hour extra from 12 o'clock on Saturday night to 8 o'clock on Monday morning, when such work is continuous; compositors in no case to receive less than 3s. 4d. per hour, and after that time bd. The charge for overtime to be governed by the ordinary working hours of each office, and to commence in any case before 8 a.m., after 8 p.m., and after 2 p.m. on Saturday [except in the case of weekly newspapers the getting out of which regularly enter into Sunday morning and produced in offices where no other description of work is done, when the charge of 5d. per hour extra shall commence not later than 8 p.m. on Saturday for grass* hands, and not later than 12 o'clock (midnight) for establishment hands, provided that in the case of the latt.er a regular weekly holiday in lieu of Saturday is mutually agreed to between the employer and journeymen], each day standing on its own merits. Compositors called upon to work the whole of the dinner-hour to receive 4-d. extra. Compositors called upon to work overtime for more than three consecutive hours to be entitled to half-an-hour for refreshment after each three hours of overtime have been worked. Frac- tions of hours to be paid as complete hours. Lost time to be deducted at the ordinary rate, but a regular hand coming in more than half-an-hour late may be called upon to work the first hour of overtime the same day without charging extra, each day standing on its own merits. " Special Sunday work, performed after the ordinary and regular edition or editions of a paper have been sent to press, to be paid at the rate of Sd. per hour extra from 12 o'clock on Saturday night to eight o'clock on Monday morning, when such work is continuous; compositors in no case to receive less than 3s. 4>d. extra. The same rule for special work to apply to Christmas Day. Compositors called in at 12 o'clock on Sunday night to be paid at the same rate; if at 6 o'clock on Monday or any other morning, except Sunday, at 4>d. per hour extra. " Compositors, whether piece or establishment hands, if retained beyond a fortnight, to receive and give a fortnight's notice prior to their engagements being terminated." The following regulations apply both to daily and weekly papers : " Not more than three slips to be pulled of each galley, including the revise. If more than three are required, lines to be charged equivalent to the trouble, but not less than three lines to be charged. " No compositor to be called upon to pull less than half a galley of fresh matter, nor shall a compositor be expected to seek for a galley wherein to insert fresh matter, without being entitled to charge three lines for the trouble occasioned. "All leads other than those used in making up to be charged by the compositor. "Bastard founts of one remove to be cast up to the depth and width of the two founts to which they belong; of two removes to be cast up to the smaller body, both in depth and width. " Matter having been once used becomes the property of the employer, at whatever time lifted. " Matter with head or first lines larger than the body to be charged according to the depth of the body of the taking; but all rules to be charged as distinct lines, except advertisement rules, which in all cases are to be counted with the first line, as two lines only. "General heads of articles, and the rules after, whether standing or not; rules in the middle or at the end of articles; and blocks inserted by the Compositor to be charged. "Brass or other clump heads to sections, wood-cuts, &c., placed on the galley or in the forme f by the printer or his time hands, are the property of the employer. * The term used for those not employed the entire week in one office, t The name by which type when made up into pages and imposed in a chase or iron frame is known. LONDON COMPOSITORS' NEWS SCALE. 233 " Greek, ... , , ,. . . 236 1 PRINTING TRADE. More elaborate rules for working composing machines were subse- quently agreed to at a conference between representatives of the London Daily Newspaper Proprietors and of the London Society of Compositors, in June, 1894. These rules applied to morning and even- ing newspapers only, and to only two types of composing machine the Linotype and the Hattersley. They were amended at a conference between representatives of London morning, evening, and weekly news- papers and master printers, and of the London Society of Compositors, in July, 1896. Some discussion having arisen as to the interpretation to b placed upon certain portions of this scale, a joint conference of representatives of the London morning, evening, and weekly news- papers, the Master Printers and Allied Trades Association, and of the London Society of Compositors, was held in January, 1898, when a minute on the subject was agreed to. The following is a copy of the London Scale in operation (1899) : (a.) News Scale. Daily Papers. "All skilled Operators, Justifiers and Distributors (as distinct from attendants or labourers) shall be Compositors and members of the L.S.C. " Members of Companionships into which Machines are introduced or exist- ing installations increased shall be given facilities to learn them in their own time (matter so composed not to be used), and when learners have reached an output of 4,000 ens in a test hour, or 12,000 ens in a test of four hours, preference shall be given to such qualified learners, and they shall be paid (when put on Machines) for six weeks their average earnings of the previous three months. "In all offices where Composing Machines of any description are introduced, or are in use, composition to be commenced simultaneously; and on Morning Papers the ' cut ' to apply to both Case and Machine hands, any stoppers required to be in the proportion of three Case hands to one Machine. " Disadvantageous portions of articles not to be selected for either Case or Machine; and copy generally, whether advertisements or news matter, to go out in fair proportion. " Case hands and Operators to lift from separate heaps of copy, but when one heap is run out, copy to be taken from the heap remaining 1 for either Case or Machine hands. " Compositors and Operators in such offices to be guaranteed two galleys (7s. 8d.) per day of seven working hours on Morning Papers; on Evening Papers twelve galleys (2 3s.) per week of 42 hours. This not to interfere with the existing guarantee of a galley on first edition of Evening Papers. " Machines may be employed on Morning Papers in the day-time, provided that three Case hands are called into each Machine, and that not more than three Machines are thus employed. The earnings of such Operators to be restricted to .3 per week. " Any Machine hand required to go upon time to be paid at the ordinary rate of the office. The same rate of payment to apply to any Case hantl sent temporarily to a Machine, and to any Machine hand sent temporarily to Case. This regulation to apply only in 'case of emergency. "The Printer has the right to put any Operator upon time-work, but tho representatives of the Employers have agreed that such right shall be exercised with discretion, preference being given to case hands for time-work. " No man shall be permanently changed from Machine to Case, or vie* yrf, without a fortnight's notice. " The scale of prices for Machine work shall be : LINOTYPE. " 3Jrf. per 1000 ens for day work in Evening Paper offices. " 3$d. per 1000 ens for work done in Morning Paper offices. " t $d- per 1000 ens extra on all types above brevier. "Matter requiring two bars to complete one measure (not being tabular matter) to be charged one-third extra; three or more, one-half extra. LONDON MACHINE COMPOSITORS 1 LIST. 2H? HATTERBLEY. " 4d. per 1000 ens for Evening Paper work, and " $d. per 1000 ens for Morning Paper work. " Distribution to be paid for at a minimum rate of 38*. per week of 48 hours day work, or 3d. per 1000 piece work. EMPIRK. " 4>%d. per 1000 ens for Evening Paper work, and " ad. per 1000 ens for Morning Paper work. " ^d. per 1000 ens extra for measures below 20 ems of its own body. " Distribution to be paid for at a minimum rate of 38$. per week of 48 hours day work. " Machine Operators on Morning Papers to be paid 4rf. per hour extra for the first hour after seven hours' work, and (id. per hour afterwards. " On Evening Papers they shall be paid 4-d. per hour extra for all hours between 42 and 48 per week, and Qd. per hour extra afterwards. At any time after nine hours' consecutive work 3d. per hour extra shall be charged, when overtime is not otherwise chargeable. " All stoppages of ten minutes and upwards to be cumulative, with a mini- mum charge of twenty minutes, and to be charged at the ordinary time rate of the office. Such charges to be countersigned by the mechanic. " Twelve lines of 16 ems pica or less, or its equivalent in wider measures, to constitute a Machine 'take' of copy; less than that number to be charged as twelve lines (or its equivalent). " All standing headings to be charged by the Operator. All leads and rules, other than those required in making-up, to be charged by the Operator. When leads are cast on the bar, the Operator to charge half the additional depth, the time taken in changing knives not to be counted a stoppage. Headings not composed by the Operator to be given out to the piece hands. " The rate at which leads (other than those required in making-up) shall be charged by the Operator has been fixed as follows : 8-to-pica leads or thicker, at machine rates; thinner than 8-to-pica, at case rates. " All rules (other than advertisement rules) put in by hand to be charged at case rates. " This arrangement is for Linotype or Typebar Machines only ; all leads used in matter composed upon movable-type machines to be charged at case rates. " Matter of and above four lines composed in other than ordinary English (e.g., dialects) to bo charged one-half extra, and foreign languages double for each line. " Matter consisting of names run on and figures e.g., prize lists, balance sheets, Gazette news, programmes, &c. shall, where exceeding eight lines, be charged one-fourth extra. Matter containing fractions, signs, or accents shall, where exceeding two lines, be charged one-fourth extra. One line extra to be charged for each word of small caps, italic, or clarendon, &c. "When two-line-letter matrices are dropped in, they shall be charged one line extra for every two two-line letter. "The usual piece regulations as to bad copv or MS. to apply to Operators; copy not properly sub-edited to rank as bad MS. " All first-proof and revise corrections (marks left undone in the first proof) to be done by the Operator, except Machine errors and house marks, which shall be charged double. Charges for Machine errors to be countersigned by the mechanic. " If a Machine is changed by order to a different type, Operators shall not be required to change it again to make corrections, which shall be done by the Operator on a vacant Machine, or by the house. " Matter which requires more than one justification for the purpose of ranging to be paid for in proportion to the time occupied. " No Operator shall be compelled to do engineers' or labourers' work. (&.) Weekly Papers. " All skilled Operators, Justifiers and Distributors (as distinct from attend- ants or labourers) shall be Compositors and members of the L.S.C. " Apprentices in the last two years of their time can be employed in due proportion to the number of journeymen Operators r,e ( , one apprentice to three journeymen Operators, 238 PRINTING TRADE. " Members of Companionships into which Machines are introduced or exist- ing installations increased shall be given facilities to learn them in their own time (matter so composed not to be used), and when learners have reached an output of 4000 ens in a test hour, or 12,000 ens in a test of four hours, preference shall be given to such qualified learners, and they shall be guaran- teed (when put on Machines) for six weeks 38s. per week of 48 hours. " In all offices where Composing Machines of any description are introduced, or are in use, composition to be commenced simultaneously. " Disadvantageous portions of articles not to be selected for either Case or Machine; and copy generally to go out in fair proportion. " Case hands and Operators to lift from separate heaps of copy, but when one heap is run out copy to be taken from the heap remaining for either Case or Machine hands, but giving" out complete articles not to be considered a breach of this rule. " When Operators and Case hands work together on the same papers they shall be guaranteed a quarter per hour (unless exempted by the Chapel) while the line is on. " Any Machine hand required to go upon time upon Machine work shall be paid Is. per hour, but any Operator required to go upon stone work shall be paid at the ordinary time rate of the office, such work to be confined to papers produced wholly or partially by machinery. " No man shall be permanently changed from Machine to Case, or vice versa i without a fortnight's notice. "The scale of prices for Machine work shall be: LINOTYPE. " 3$d. per 1000 ens. "3jc?. per 1000 ens for all types above brevier. "Matter set to less than 20 ems of its own body, or more than 24 ems pica in type below bourgeois, to be charged $d. per 1000 ens extra. " Matter requiring two bars to complete one measure (not being tabular matter) to be charged one- third extra; three or more, one-half extra. HATTERSLEY. " 4d. per 1000 ens. " Distribution to be paid at a minimum rate of 38*. per week of 48 hours. EMPIBE. "4d. per 1000 ens. " \d. per 1000 ens extra for measures below 20 ems of its own body. " Distribution to be paid for at a minimum rate of 885. per week of 48 hours. " Overtime to be paid at the same rate as Case hands, taking the day as eight hours. (Thin lead I Thick lead (Thin lead (Thick lead % P ?* i RUBY 'k 7* 7* 74 74 8 7i PEARL (Thin lead ( Thick lead P ?! n 9 DIAMOND ( Thin lead { Thick lead 8 g 81 NL_ E Bodies of Type. GRAMMARS AND SCHOOL BOOKS. CATALOGUES. Common. Foreign. Common. Foreign. ENGLISH to MINION (Thin lead ( Thick lead MANUSCRIPT. d. d. 7i and 7* 7 7J d. d. 84 and 8} 8 ., 8g > J EMERALD to ) NONPAREIL j (Thin lead I Thick lead ffhin lead~ [ Thick lead 7| 8i U 8 II :: P ?! 1 RUBY 8 8^ 7f 8i 9 9i 8f. ,,J4_ 8 9 8 PEARL .. (Thin lead ( Thick lead 81 8S- 8 8i 94 9f y ., 94 5 1 TIAMOND i Thin lead j Thick lead 9J 9J I) 0{ 104 ici 10* ,,iol | IS 1 ENGLISH to MINION (Thin lead ( Thick lead REPRINT. 6| and 7* 6j 7* 74 and 7| | ? 4 EMERALD to ) NONPAREIL J * ( Thin lead \ Thick lead 74 73 7 74 ? J _|L_ 7} RUBY .. ) Thin lead (Thick lead n s 74 7f 8 8A _7f. 1- 9 "?! ?EARL .. (Thin lead I Thick lend "7* 84 7* 8 8* 3 I* DIAMOND | Thin lead ( Thick lead 8| 94 8j 9 ? :8 1 4 30321 242 PRINTING TRADE. A comparison of the Edinburgh with the London Book Scale shows tha,t english and minion are taken as the maximum and minimum bodies upon which the price per 1,000 ens is based in the former, instead of english or brevier as in the latter, a difference of \d. per 1,000 ens in favour of the London compositor, though minion is a body not very largely used in bookwork. In Edinburgh, all matter set solid or with leads from 12 to 5 to pica (i.e., ranging from 12 to 5 leads to a pica body in thickness) is charged at a uniform rate. In London, a rebate of \d. per 1,000 is made when leads of any thickness are used, or in other words, when the matter is not set solid. It will be seen that in the Edinburgh scale two rates are paid for grammars and school books, the lower rate being paid for the simpler class of that nature of work, the higher rate for the more complicated class, with, brace's or justifications. Type-written copy is charged half -manuscript, half -print, but when with numerous manuscript alterations, as manuscript. Greek is paid at a higher rate per 1,000 than in London, no difference being made in Edinburgh between Greek \vith or \vithout accents. There are other charges in the Edinburgh Scale that vary from those in vogue in London, but those noted may be described as* the more important. (e.} Edinburgh News Scale. The following is the Edinburgh News Scale (1894) : Per 1,000 en quads of own Body. Minimum Description of Paper. Time Work Hour. Bates of Wages per Week for Establish- ment Hands. Hours per Week. Extra Bate per Hour for Overtime. Minion and larger sizes. Emerald and Nonpariel. Euby. Pearl. d. d. d. d. d. s. d. d. Morning . . 7i 8 8J 8i 13 200 51 3 Evening .. 6J 7 7J n 12 1 15 52* 3 Tri-weekly 6i 7 71 lh 11 1 15 m 3 Weekly ) Bi-weekly j 6J. 01 7 u 10 1 12 6 521 , 3 (./'.) Scales in other Towns. It is not necessary to dear so fully with the piece scales of prices in force in other districts, especially as 'stab-work is the more general system in the provinces. In some towns, particularly in Scotland, no- piece rates exist, all compositors being employed on the establishment. Where both morn- ing and evening papers are produced in any town, the rates for the former, which are rather higher, are given. In some towns, especially in Ireland, it is customary to cast up the value of the composition on the basis of 1UU lines instead of 1,000 ens. The following table gives the minimum piece-work rates recognised, in 1899 in various parts of the United Kingdom for hand compositors 'COMPOSITORS' PIECE-WORK RATES. 243 employed on daily and weekly newspapers. These rates are based OD information supplied by the Typographical Associations. The rates for Linotype operators in the English provincial towns are 12 J per cent. in excess of the hand rates : PIECE-WORK BATES of WAGES recognised by the various TYPOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATIONS for COMPOSITORS employed on DAILY and WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS in the under- mentioned TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM in 1899. Towns. Descrip- tion of News- paper. News Piece Prices, per 1,OCO en quads of own body. Bour- geois. Bre- vier. Minion. Non- pareil. Ruby. Over- time. ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties. d d. d d d. Carlisle Weekly V { . - i 6 2d. extra after 10 Cockermouth Durham Weekly Weekly 3 1 HI 6 ; 54 p.m. Hartlepools . Kendal Evening Weeklv 6. 6 5 6; 2d. extra Stockton Weekly & ft 6; 6^ i 6J 2d. extra Sunderland . Whitehaven . Evening Weekly 6' (ji 6 6 - 2d. extra Yorkshire. Barnsley Weekly $ 6 65 1\ t _ 2d. extra 1 Morning 8i 6j 6. 7 7i Bradford Evening $ 61 7 7i _ Doneaster Weeklv Weekly fr 6; 6^ 6 6! 6^ i 8d. Halifax .. .. | Evening Weekly 6, 6 7 7 Harrogate Weekly 6; 6. 6 I _ '; ' Huddersfield . . . . j Morning 6 Weekly 6; (3 6. 6 i Hull J Morning Evening 8 7 8 7 8' 7 8' 8~ 1 Keighley Weeklv Weekly 1- 6' S a I 8* t ~ i' Morning 64 6. i Q\ \ 81 7 2d. extra Leeds Evening 6 6; 6; ft 3d. extra ( Weekly 6; 6 6 64 3d extra i Morning 7 7 7J 7i 71 Sheffield Evening 7; 7 7i 7i 71 ( Weekly 6| 6 i 7 7. 8 ( Morning 1; 7. 11 7: _ - York Evening 6; 6. . 6 ' ' Weekly 6- 6 Q- 6^ Lancashire and Cheshire. Accrington Weekly _ 6 7 8 lOd. Ashton-under-Lyne Weekly 7 7 7 7 lOd. Barrow Weekly 6.} 6i lid. i Morning Bhu-kburn .. .. Evening 8 6; 8' 6} 6^ 8 6^ ^ MoL 7d. ( Weeklv 6) 6: ft 7 Vd Blackpool Weekly 6= 8 Id. extra Bolton j Evening Weekly 6 6 1 6 6, 6; i 7 8 8 ' Burnley Weekly 6 6 6 7 8 Bury Weekly 6). 6^ 8, 6J B| Chester.. Weekly 6^ (j ! 7" 7 9 Hyde Lancaster Weekly Weekly u - 1 6: Id. extra after in p.m i Morning 9 9 9 9J 1 ;io Is. Liverpool Evening 8: 8^ fc ' 9 Is. ( Weekly t> 8.J 9 i Is. 30321 Q 2 244 PRINTING TRADE. PIECE-WORK RATES of WAGES recognised by the various TYPOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATIONS for COMPOSITORS employed on DAILY and WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS in the under- mentioned TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM in 1899 cont. Towns. Descrip- tion of News- paper. News Piece Prices per 1,000 en quads of own body. Bour- geois. Bre- vier. Minion. Non- pareil. Ruby. Over- time. Lancashire and Cheshire cont. d. d. d. d. d. Macclesfleld Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 ( Morning 9 9 9-1 94 10 6d. extra Manchester and Salford < Evening 84 8| 84 9 H| 6d. extra I Weekly 8 8 8 84 94 6d. extra Oldham Evening Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 z Preston j Evening Weekly 64 64 64 64 64 64 Rochdale Weekly 64 64 64 Southport Weekly 74 74 74 8 84 Stockport Evening Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 z Wigan Weekly 64 64 64 64 8 N. and W. Midland Counties. Birmingham.. Morning Evening Weekly 8 74 8 8 It 1 3 9| Is. 6d. extra Chesterfield Weekly 6 g 6 6 6 Coventry Evening Weekly 64 64 64 6; ]\ z Morning 7| 7f 81 84 Is. Derby Evening 7i 7j 7| 8 Is. Weekly 6z 6' flr 71 74 Is. Dudley Weekly 6 64 Qlossop Weekly 6 6 6 6 Hereford Weekly 6 6 6 7 74 Kidderminster Weekly 64 Morning 6 64 ox 64 6j 2d. extra Leicester Evening 64 64 4 64 64 2d. extra Weekly 64 63 64 64 65 2d. extra Lincoln Evening Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 z Morning 64 64 64 64 64 Nottingham .. Evening 6 6 6 6 6 Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 Oswestry Weekly 6 6 6 6 Morning 7 7 7 71 yi Is. call Potteries Evening 64 64 64 7 7 Weekly 6 6 6 7 7 Rugby | Weekly 6 li 6 6 Stafford Weekly 6 61 6| 7 lOd. Walsall Weekly 64 64 64 7 Warwick and Leamington West Bromwich Weekly Weekly 64 6 64 6 7 7 74 74 Wol /erhampton Evening Weekly 6 6 6 6 3 7 7 Worcester .. .. j Evening Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 6 64 64 - - S. Midland and Eastern Counties. Banbury Colchester Weekly Weekly 6 5 6 5 6 5 7 5 - - Hertford Weekly 6 6 7 3d. extra Ipswich Morning Evening Weekly ft 5 | 03" 6 P - 8d. 8d. 8d. lettering Norwich Weekly Morning 5; 6; i Oxford Weekly 6i 64 64 64 64 2d. extra Watford Weekly 5 5 5 5 5 ~~ COMPOSITORS' PIECE-WORK BATES 245 PIECE-WORK RATES of WAGES recognised by the various TYPOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATIONS for COMPOSITORS employed on DAILY and WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS in the under- mentioned TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM in 1899 cont. Towns. Descrip- tion of News- paper. News Piece Prices per 1,000 en quads of own body. Bour- geois. Bre- vier. Minion. Non- pareil. Ruby. Over- time. London. d. d. d d. i Vlorning 9 9 9 10 104 _ London Evening 84 84 84 ^4 10 ( Weekly 84 84 84 94 10 IP. South Eastern Counties. Aldershot Weekly 54 6 6 7 ( Morning 64 C'\ 6} 64 6^ Brighton Guildford Lewes Evening Weekly Weekly Weekly 6 6 P 6 6 P 6 6 ? 6 6 8 6 6 9 fd.extra Maidstone Weekly 54 54 54 54 6 8d. Portsmouth . . . . j Redhill Evening Weekly' Weekly 6 6 64 6 6 64 6 6 7 6 74 84 - ( Morning Southampton Evening Weekly 5 54 5 54 5 9 5 54 5 54 6d. 6d. Tunbridgo Wells . . j Morning Weekly 5 5 6 54 6 - South Western Counties. Frome Weekly 54 64 9 51 Id. extra f Morning 6 6 6 6 Plymouth Evening 6 6 6 6 f Weekly 6 6 6 6 * Salisbury Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 ~~ Wales and Monmouthshire. * Cardiff j Morning Evening II - 7 04 74 7 8 V - Carnarvon Weeklv Weekly 65 6 * 6 7 6 P 8 2d. extra after 10 Merthyr Tydvil Weekly 51 5| 51 5 | 51 p.m. Newport .. .. j Evenins Weekly 6 6 6 _ 9d. 9d. Pontypridd Weeklv 6 6 6 64 Swansea .. .. j Wrexham Evening Weekly Weekly 1 1 64 1 7 | SCOTLAND. Dundee Morning Evening Jj 64 P 8 84 - | Weekly g Q 6 64 6$ I Morning 74 74 8 8i Edinburgh Evening Weekly 3 7 64 el 7 3d. extra Falkirk Weekly 6 6 gl _ Glasgow Morning Evening Weekly 8 8 8 74 7 H 74 8 71 3d. extra 3d. extra 4d. extra Inverness Paisley Perth Weekly Weekly Weekly 6 6 6 64 64 5 246 TRADED PIECE-WORK RATES or WAGES recognised by the various TYPOGRAPHICAL AsspciAnoNS for COMPOSITORS employed on DAILY and WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS in the under- mentioned TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM in 1899 -cont. News Piece Prices per 1,000 en quads of own body. Descrip- Town. tion of News- paper. Bour- geois. Bre- vier. Minion. Non- pareil. Ruby. Over- time. IRELAND. a d d. d. d. Belfast j Carlow Morning Evening Evening 7 fe *i n 61 8 U id. extra |d. extra 2d. extra Clonmel Weekly 8i 7 Coleraine Weekly 5? 6 - Cork .... .. | Dublin j Limerick Londonderry Naas Morning Evening Morning Evening Weekly Evening Evening Evening 8* 9 n 7 8i 84 3 7 7 8 7 $ ll 6 84 - 6d. 6d. 6d. 8d. 7d. 2d. Newry E vening 5 t> 5 Waterford Weekly a Wexford Weekly 7 ISLE OF MAN. Douglas Weekly 6 6 6 6 6 Id. extra NOTE. The minimum rates of wages for Linotype Operators in the Provinces are 12i per cent, on the hand rates the working hours being 48 for day work and 44 hours for night work. HAND-PRESS WORK. Prior to the introduction of printing machinery, all work was produced at the hand-press, but of late years the improvements in machinery have been so great as to reduce the amount of work done at press to a minimum. In some ?f the old established offices, short numbers (under 500 copies) and editions de luxe are still worked at press. The following scale, which was drawn up by the Amalgamated Association of Pressmen in 1888, represents pretty accurately the minimum piece prices paid in London for presswork, but the quality of the work and the mode of working vary so much in different offices that it has been found impracticable to- draw up a general scale mutually satisfactory to both employers and workmen, though efforts in that direction were made in 1891. Work in book houses is usually classified a " ^ood," " fine," or " special quality " (such as illustrated work), the pricei for the latter being fixed by special arrangement at the time. The tendency in London is to employ pressmen on the establishment i.e., at a fixed weekly wage proof-pullers, for example, being so employed. The work now done at press is, in fact, of such a character that it would be difficult to assess its value by any piece scale. LONDON HAND-PRESS SCALE. London Scale of Press Prices. JOBBING, PAMPHLET, AND BOOKWOKK. 250 copies. 500 copies. 1,000 and over. d. d. d. 14 JOBS (one-sided) All sizes up to Crown " If perfected, 3d. per token ;; (ld. per hour) extra. " BOOKWORK. Derny or Medium 9 104 8 9 7 8* ,, Royal, Double Pott or Double Foolscap Small Double Post 12 14 11 12 10 11 Super-Royal or Double Crown. . 15 13 12 Imperial or Large Double Post 16 14 13 "Bringing up Stereo. Demy, Qd. per forme; other sizes, Is. Oddments, as ^-sheets, &c., to be paid the same as the work to which they belong. Title Sheets, Id. per hour extra. Side Notes, do.; Coloured Inks do., and 9d. preparation. Lifting. Plain formes, Qd.; Cut formes, Is. BROADSIDES. 1st 100 copies. 2nd 100 and over. "Demy.. H. d. 1 2 1 4 2 2 6 B. d. 1 1 2 1 6 2 "Royal.. " Double Crown " Double Demy ' HEADINGS. Per 250 copies. " All sizes up to I " Royal or Doubl " Larger sizes, Is. ut excluding Royal e Foolscap ... . . . s. d 1 8 1 10 6d. for 1st 100 ; Is. per 100 after. CARDS. Per 100 copies. " Large and unde " Over Large and " Other sizes, up 1 r .. .. s. d. 8 10 1 not exceeding Double Large o and including Demy 4to. " If perfected, Id. per 100 extra. Enamelled Paper or Card, Id. extra. Copying Ink, Is. per hour (2s. per token). Gold. All Jobs up to Crown, Is. Qd. 1st 100; Is. 3d. after; if bronzed by self, one-half extra. "Alterations. If made without lifting, Qd. If lifted for alteration, a separate token to be charged." BOOKBINDING. London List for Case-making. A certain amount of piece-work prevails in some branches of the Bookbinding Trade, but so far as the Labour Department is informed, the only reco>gnised price list which has been mutually agreed upon by representative employers and employed applies to " case-making," i.e., the making of covers for common or cloth work. This price list is confined to London, where it is said that about one-third of those employed on common or cloth work are paid by the piece. For other operations than " case-making," however, the scale of piece-prices varies * A token consists of 250 sheets, which, when perfected are equivalent to four hours OF THE UNIVERSITY 248 PRINTING TRADE. from shop to shop. In the provinces there is no recognised list for " case-making," the prices varying from town to town and from firm to firm. The London " Minimum List of Prices for Piece-work Case-making " was agreed to on December 13th, 1893, by the Cloth Sub-section of the Bookbinding Section of the London Chamber of Commerce, and the Executives of the following three Trade Societies : The London Consolidated Society of Journeymen Bookbinders,, the Society of Day Working Bookbinders, the London Branch of the Bookbinders' and Machine Rulers' Consolidated Union. The prices in the List are for making 100 cases of each size. It is understood that all cloth and other material is previously cut to the required size and all bevelling done by other classes of operatives. The prices are subject to a deduction (for particulars see " Condition No. 8 below") if a rolling machine is employed. The following is the Agreement entered into between the employers and employed, with the List in full : "CONDITIONS ATTACHED to the APPENDED LIST of PRICES. " 1. That all cloth or other material and hollows shall be clean cut to the size required, by journeymen or apprentices, ready for the case-maker. " 2. That all bevelling shall be done by journeymen or apprentices ready for the case-maker. " 3. That cloth shall be understood as not including imperial cloth, white cloth, buckram, or sackcloth. "4. That the sizes priced be taken by superficial measurement of the front board. " 5. That all below the lowest size priced be paid for at lowest price fixed. " 6. That any case, the front board of which exceeds one size priced, shall go into the next size priced. " 7. That oblong cases be paid for according to the same scale of sizes, but at the rate of price and a quarter on the prices here fixed. " 8. That prices paid shall be per hundied, and that irrespective of the use of a rolling machine, for which, when used, a reduction of 2d. per hundred will be made in the case of a steam machine, and \d. in the case of a hand machine, provided that the machine is within reach of the man at his working place. " 9. That price for cloth backs shall not include blocked or printed backs. "10. That for imperial cloth and white cloth, plain or bevelled boards, an increase of 25 per cent, shall be paid upon these prices. " 11. That for buckram and sackcloth, plain or bevelled boards, an increase of 33J per cent, shall be paid upon these prices. " 12. That for the making of cloth cases with bevelled boards, price and a half shall be paid." LIST OF SIZES, with the PRICES agreed to attached. Size of Paper. Size of Case. Minimum Price Plain Boards. Demy, 18mo Foolscap, 8vo Crown 8vo 6 b 7 s y 4 equals 4s Kl 24 Fy s. d. 10 11 1 9 Large Crown, 8vo Demy 8vo . 8J Qj it ;; K5 f M 1 4 1 R Medium, 8vo Royal, 8vo. | c 8 " 6 fil 57f 1 8 1 10 Imperial, 8vo Demy, 4to Medium, 4to Royal, 4to Super Royal Crown Folio . . .... Imperial 11 Hi 12 13 11* 15 5 1 = M " ;: ! J ;; 82i 10H 115 130 141| 150 165 2 1 2 4 2 9 3 3 5 3 8 4 Demy Folio Royal Folio 18 ' 20 , 11 , 12* 198 250 4 4 5 BTJRTON-ON-TRENT COOPERS 1 LIST. 249 COOPERING. Coopers are employed chiefly under piece-work conditions, though provision is also made in the lists in force in some districts for day work. The piece lists mentioned below relate to Burton-on-Trent, Bir- mingham and Wolverhampton, Liverpool and Manchester. In the case of the Burton list extracts have been selected for publication which relate to classes of work which are largely carried on in that district. Explanations of the technical terms employed to indicate various operations and classes of staves, hoops, &c., are given below with a view of making the list more easily understood. Burton-on-Trent. The piece list current in this locality was agreed to between repre>- sentatives of the brewers and master coopers and the local Journeymen Coopers' Philanthropic Society on March 19th, 1898, and has taken the place of the list which had been in operation since 1890. The bulk of the work is brewers' work. About 700 workpeople are paid accord- ing to the list. The following sections of the list show the rates paid for making the best brewers' work. The terms " tonguers" "doublets," and " straight cuts " are used to denote staves cut and shaped in particular ways, which it is unnecessary to describe in detail. " Undersized/' as the term implies, signifies specially narrow staves. " Crown " and " Brack " denote first and inferior quality of staves respectively. BREWERS' EXTRA STOUT WORK. Tonguers or Doublets Straight Cuts. Description of Cask. Crown. Brack or Undersized. Crown. Brack or Undersized. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Butts Puncheons 6 94 5 6| 7 01 5 9; i 6 9 5 9 7 1 5 11 Hogsheads 4 6 4 10; 4 54 Barrels 3 HJ 4 1; 4 4 ^1 4,-Hogsheads and Kilderkins 24 gal Ions 3 21 3 11; 3 4; 3 10 3 14 4 3 34 12 Gallons . . 2 lot 2 Hi 2 104 2 114 Firkins and all under . 2 7 2 8 2 8| BREWERS' EXTRA STOUT WORK FLAT CUT. Description of Cask. Tonguers or Doublets. Straight Cuts. Crown. Brack or Undersized. Crown. Brack or Undersized Butts s. d. 7 3J 6 2l 4 Hi 4 3 4 OJ 3 74 3 ll 2 ll| s. d. 7 71 6 4} 5 24 4 4| 4 3 3 91 3 ll 3 Ol s. d. 7 4 6 3 4 104 4 3j 4 1 3 7 3 14 2 ll| s. d. 7 7 6 6i 5 2 4 5 4 3 3 8 3 14 3 Oi Puncheons Hogsheads Barrels 4-Hogsheads and 24 gallons Kilderkins 12 Gallons Firkins and all under 250 COOPERING TRADE. SUBSTANCE OF STAVE,? EXTRA STOUT WORK. Butts, puncheons, hogsheads, and barrels not to exceed 1^ in. in the chimb, and not to exceed 1^ in. in the bulge. Kilderkins and all under not to exceed 1| in. in the chimb, and not to exceed If in. in the bulge. All rough or inferior timber to be considered brack. All staves averaging less than 5 in. wide to be considered brack. All to be flatted from staves not less than 5 in. wide; if under, 2d. per cask extra. Substance of all flat cut staves same as broad. Short staves, ~Ld. per set extra. With regard to the terms used in the above clauses, it should be explained that the " chimb " of a stave is the thickest part (the ends), the bulge being the thinner part (in the middle). BREWERS' STOUT WORK. Description of Cask. Tonguers or Doublets. Straight Cuts. Crown. Brack or Undersized. Crown. Brack or Undersized. Butts Puncheons Hogsheads Barrels 4-Hogsheads and 24 gallons . . Kilderkins 12 Gallons Firkins and all under . s. d. 6 3 5 14 4 2 3 7 3 6 3 1} 2 8 2 6 s. d. 6 5} 5 4 4 5 3 9} 3 8 3 2} 2 9 2 7 s. d. 6 34 5 4 4 14 3 8 3 7 3 04 2 84 2 64 s. d. 6 6 5 6 4 44 3 104 3 9 3 14 2 94 2 7l BREWERS' STOUT WORK FLAT CUT. Tonguers or Doublets. Straight Cuts. Description of Cask. Crown. Brack or Undersized. Crown. Brack or Undersized. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Butts 6 94 7 6 10 7 Puncheons 5 8} 5 10| 5 9 6 04 Hogsheads 4 6 4 5 1 4 9 Barrels .. 3 llf 4 1} 4 04 4 2i 4-Hogsheads and 24 ga Ions 3 10J 3 11 4 1 Kilderkins 3 44 3 6* 3 4 3 o 12 Gallons . . 2 10} 2 11} 2 104 2 114 Firkins and all under 2 8 2 9 2 84" 2 94 SUBSTANCE OF STAVES FOR STOUT WORK. Butts, puncheons and hogsheads not to exceed If in. in the chimb, and to be under If in. in the bulge. Barrels and all under not to exceed If in. in the chimb, and not to exceed 1 in. in the bulge. SUBSTANCE OF HEADS FOR STOUT WORK. Butts, puncheons, hogsheads, barrels, and kilderkins not to exceed 1 in. Twelve gallons and all under not to exceed 1^ in. STOUT STRIPS MADE INTO CASKS. Butts aud Puncheons Hogsheads Barrels and ^-Hogsheads Kilderkins extra BURTON-ON-TRENT COOPERS' LIST. 251 The remaining conditions are the same as for extra stout work. The width and " gauge " of hooping for stout and extra stout work are as follows : STOUT AND EXTRA STOUT HOOP G-AUGE. Width Width. Inches Gauge. Inches. Butts Eud ... 2 ... 12 Kilderkins End 2 Upper Quarter If 14 Bulge 2 Lower Quarter 1| ... 14 12 Gallons End 2| Bulge ... 2] ... 13 Bulge 1| ... Hogsheads End ... 2 ... 12 Firkins End ... '2\ Quarter If ... 14 Bulge... If Bulge 2 13 6 Gallons and under Barrels End ... 2 ... 12 End ... H - Quarter ... If ... 14 Bulge ... If Bulge ... 2 ... 13 All hoops over the above width or gauge, \d. per hoop extra. Gauge. 12 13 12 14 12 14 13 14 The prices for repairing brewers' casks depend upon the number of staves or heads that are defective. Single repairing price is paid up to three staves, or one and two staves and one head; one-and-a-half repairing price for four staves, three staves and one head, or two heads ; double repairing price for five or six staves, four or five staves and one head, one, two or three staves and two heads ; two-and-a-half repairing price for seven or eight staves, six or seven staves and one head, four staves and two heads; treble repairing price for nine staves, eight staves and one head, five or six staves and two heads. The single repairing prices are as follows : Butts Hogsheads Barrels Kilderkins and all under Ordinary. s. d. 1 Of Drawn Joints. s. d. . 1 1J 10J 7; It is provided in the list that " any piecework specified in this book may, at the option of the employer, be done day work." The following are the day work rates : DAY WOKK. Regular day work Regular day workmen holding a block Repairing drawing utensils ... ... All piece-workmen holding a block required for day work ... ... ... ... Men taken from piece-work not holding a block to be paid Repairing union casks... Vat and mash tun making and repairing ... Tools for country work to be supplied by the employer. Fifty-four hours to constitute a week. per day 6 9 Birmingham and Wolverhampton. The piece list in force in this district was mutually agreed to on March 25th, 1899. The list is so similar in general construction to that in force in Burton-on-Trent, that no selections need be given here. The prices paid are, in general, slightly lower, the rates for brewers' extra 252 GLASS BOTTLE TRADE. stout and stout work being in each case \d. or Id. less than those given in the section above. Day work for a 54 hours week is paid at the rate of 6s. per day for regular day work, Sd. per hour for piece work coopers taken from the block, and Ss. per day for making and repairing rounds or vats. Liverpool and Manchester. Piece price lists for coopering have been in operation in these districts dating in the case of the Liverpool list from 1875 and in Manchester from 1845. As, however, both these lists are at present undergoing revision, they have not been printed in this volume. GLASS BOTTLE MAKING. This industry is principally located in Yorkshire and Lancashire Castleford and St. Helens, and in the North of England Sunderland and Seaham Harbour. The distribution of the trade in different localities is shown in the table on pp. 259 & 260. London is the chief centre of the small bottle trade, the industry outside London being mainly concerned with the manufacture of the larger-sized bottles, such as those used for wine, spirits, beer, aerated waters, &c. The following description applies to the large bottle trade, the case of the London trade being dealt with separately. The men usually work in gangs of three, who are respectively called the maker or finisher, the blower, and the gatherer. They are assisted by two apprentices, who are respectively known as the wetter- off and the taker-in, both of whom are paid by the employer. Briefly stated, the mode of working is for the gatherer to gather the molten glass (or " metal " as it is called) from the furnace on to the end of a c hollow iron rod. This is handed to the blower, who blows the bottle and hands it to the wetter-off, whose duty is to break off the bottle from the iron rod, using for that purpose a small quantity of water. The maker finishes the bottle by adding a piece of molten metal to the neck, out of which the top or brim is made, and he knocks it out of the gauge on to a stand, upon which a few ashes are strewed. The taker-in then carries it to the lear, which is a kind of furnace with a fire in front only, where the bottle is allowed to cool gradually. The mode of payment is in all cases that of piece work, to govern which elaborate price lists have been framed. The general system is to fix certain rates of weekly wages for the maker, the blower, and the gatherer respectively, to obtain which a given number of dozens of bottles must be made. Numbers made in excess are paid for as " overwork " at so much per gross, the prices varying according to the size of the bottle and the amount of labour required to manufacture it. When less than the given number necessary to secure payment of the standard rate is manufactured a pro rata deduction at the standard rate and not at the rate for overwork is made. YORKSHIRE GLASS BOTTLE MAKERS' LIST. 253 In the North of England, with the exception of Blaydon, all bottles drawn out of the kiln or arch are paid for; in other counties only those that are saleable are paid for. Yorkshire. A list giving the number of bottles constituting a day's work, and the rates for overwork per gross, came into force in this district on December 31st, 1888. These overwork rates have been affected sub- sequently by general percentage changes, and in some caises the details of this list have been altered. Before proceeding to give selections from this list it will be well to collect together the more important agreements on general questions that are still in force. Hours of Working. The working hours at each Factory shall not exceed 9 hours, and 10 hours from the time of opening out. But the workmen shall be at liberty to leave off work before the expiration of 10 hours from opening out, in case of late starts. Regulations as to Sharing Work. In the event of any furnace being out for repairs, slack trade, or stopped for any other cause, the workmen shall be allowed, as far as practicable, to share work. Provided nevertheless that if after a furnace has been out for four months and there is no probability of its being started again, the master be at liberty to discharge the surplus workmen. Furnaces Working Six Journeys. That no furnace shall work six journeys for bottle making under any circumstances, but this clause shall not prohibit a master teaching his own sons. Regulations as to Number of Apprentices, &c. That the maximum number of Apprentices at any firm, filling the stages of Making, Blowing, or Gathering, be 4 to 5 holes; but in the event of a house or furnace stopping work for repairs or slack trade, then in such case the Apprentices be allowed to share the work with the Journeymen, but this is not to prevent a master discharging workmen in the case where the furnaces are put down permanently after the aforesaid period of four months, during which time the work is to be shared. And the master shall not engage any more Apprentices filling one or other of the stages aforesaid until the number is reduced below 4 to 5 holes. No Journeyman to be discharged for the sole purpose of putting Apprentices forward. Paying up in Disputed Cases. That in case of dispute arising as to payment for any bottles, the rate of pay- ment agreed upon shall be retrospective to the time the claim is made by either workmen or manufacturer. Bad Metal. That in case of Metal being bad at the time appointed for the Bottle Hands to commence work they shall skim and use any reasonable means advised by the Management for a period of time not exceeding one hour from the appointed time for them to commence making bottles, and if at the expiration of the said hour the metal is still unfit for making- into saleable bottles, the men may be transferred to another suitable and convenient Hole, fitted up, in the same Yard, and on the same shift, to make their Number or more, providing always that such transference does not occupy more than thirty minutes. In all cases of hands being transferred suitable moulds shall be supplied. If the Management be unable to find suitable Holes for the men to work in in the same yard, and on the same shift, the men shall be paid Half- Wages for that day, in cases of not 254 GLASS BOTTLE TRADE. making- a start, but it be understood that the Bottle-Hands shall not work in the same shop as the Machine Hands. If after commencing 1 work the men think that the metal is unfit to work into the kind of bottles they are making', they shall at once report to the Manage ment, and continue working until the Management shall decide whether they shall proceed with that kind of bottle or have another mould given with which to complete their Number. If it is found that the metal is not fit for marketable bottles of any kind, then the workmen may be transferred to another suitable and convenient Hole to make up their Number or more, providing as stated in Section 1, the said transfer does not occupy more than thirty minutes. As also stated in Section 1, if the Management cannot find room for the men to make up their Number in a suitable and convenient Hole, they shall receive full wages. And further, provided that the Management allow the men to continue working beyond the Number, they shall be paid for all bottles put out for bad metal. If the workmen have no reason at any time to believe that the metal is unfit for working and the bottles be put out. they shall be paid for the said bottles. Tranxfer. That in all cases of transfer the Management shall have all tools and the things ready for the men to commence work in the Hole to which, they are transferred (with the exception of the pipes and ring irons which shall be removed from the one Hole to the other) if the Management so require, but the hands shall not be transferred more than once in a given journey. That in the event of a Hole not being able .to get the Number within the specified working hours through bad mebal and transfer, they shall be paid their wages in such cases for that day. That the workmen be paid full wages after making a start when short of metal to make the Number. Safeguard aga'uixt wanton Mischief. If the metal shall be found to have been made unfit to make into saleable bottles by reason of the act of any of the hands employed' in making bottles, although every effort is made by the men to put it in good order, and they fail in so doing, and also if the Management are unable to transfer the men to another Hole in the game yard, and conveniently fitted up, no Half Wages shall be paid for the time the metal is bad from such cause. Should it be found that the metal is made bad by any malicious person or persons not Bottle Hands, then the Bottle Hands shall only be paid for the bottles thev have made, plus an allowance for the time spent in trying to get the metal in good condition, at the rate of 10 dozen pint bottles per hour for such loss of time. But, provided the men be transferred to another Hole, then they shall be paid under the " Bad Metal Clause," and forfeit the 10 dozen rate per hour allowance. Accidents to Furnaces, and Late Starts. In cases of accident to a furnace whereby men are prevented from starting work at the usual time, they shall not wait longer than three hours from the usual starting time. In the event of starting within three hours they shall finish at the usual time. In case the men do not start within the three hours they shall lose a shift. Cracked and Melted Bottles. The workmen shall be paid one-half for bottles whether melted, cracked, or not properly annealed, but in case the loss or damage shall have been caused in consequence of the Teazer having been sent out of the shop by the workmen and thus neglecting his duty, the men shall bear the loss themselves. Bottles Picked Out. That bottles picked out be not broken down until the men shall have had an opportunity of inspecting them, but in no case shall they be kept beyond the following day. Flown Marbles. The workmen shall be paid for all bottles defective by reason of Flown Marbles, beyond two dozens in a journey, and so in proportion for any part of a journey. NOTE. That in all cases of odd bottles seven bottles shall count a dozen, either marble or other ordinary kinds of bottles. Cases of grievances arising out of Bad Metal and construction of factories or management to be reported and brought before Sub-Committee of Em- ployers and Workmen. YORKSHIRE fiLASS BOTTLE MAKERS' LIST. 255 The following is the scale of wages at present in force : Bottle maker, per week Blower .. C-atherer s. d. 1 14 H 1 12 r, i 7 <; List of Numbers and Ratrs of Ovcrtrorl;. The following extracts from the list as at present in operation will give an idea as to the class of bottle most generally made, the number of dozens per journey necessary to secure the standard rates, and the price paid per gross for overwork. The rates for overwork include the sums paid to boys, who receive from the men Id. out of every shilling. These prices have, as already stated, been affected by general percentage changes. They were, however, paid in full from February 4th, 1899, until the end of the year. Description of Bottle. Number constituting a Days Work.* Overwork per Gross. Split aerated water bottles : Doz. s. d. Split sodas and ciders, C.M., not exceeding 12 ozs. in 711 3 weight. Ordinary pints and quarts : Bottles exceeding 12 ozs. narrow and 10 ozs. wide, and 63 4 6 less than Imperial quarts in contents. Imperial quarts : Imperial quarts of all descriptions, and 2 Ibs. rounds, 60 5 2 Ibs squares, C. and B. pickle quarts, peel jars with beaded shoulder 2| inches wide, and other bottles which have reckoned as imperials under the List of April 1; 1872. Jam or marmalades : Round quart jars, not exceeding 25 ozs. medium weight, and under 38 ozs. contents. 63 4 C 1 Ib. and 2 Ibs. jam jars, C.M. neck, inches wide 63 4 6 1 Ib. jam jars, C.M. neck, 2| inches wide .. 60 5 2 Ibs. 57, , 5 3 ibs. ,; 57 5 3 Ibs. neck not exceeding 2$ inches wide 3 Ibs. P.S. neck, 2J inches wide 60 50 5 6 Silbs. C.M. neck, 3 - contents 40 ozs. 45 6 4 Ibs. 44 45 6 7 Ibs. 28 10 6 8 Ibs. 26 11 Patent aerated water bottles : Codd's patents : 5 ozs. contents 60 4 6 U 60 4 6 10 57 5 12 62 5 6 14 i 16 50 5 6 20 46 6 24 40 7 6 25 ...... 37 8 Bulb Association bottles : Without marbles, ledge mouths, t made with bent plug, 5 ozs. contents to filling point, or 6 ozs. to top of neck, and not exceeding 12 ozs. (medium weight). 70 3 The portion of the ailxwe list dealing with quarts was modified in 1892 by the following agreement: That ordinary or reputed quarts when made all day, be paid as follows : Exceeding 24 ozs., medium weight, 60 and 5s. Not exceeding 24,} ozs., medium weight, 63 and 4s. 6d. Imperial quarts, 57 and 5s. 6d. * In order to obtain the standard weekly wages given on pp.259 and 260 these numbers must be multiplied by five five days constituting a week's work + Mouths of bottles in the form of a cup with cork lining. 256 GLASS BOTTLE TRADE. Lancashire. In this district the method of payment is generally similar to that prevailing in . Yorkshire, except that there is a guaranteed rate of wages, overwork rates being paid for all bottles above a certain number, the number varying with the classification of the bottle. The list in force is substantially that agreed upon on 20th November, 1894, at a meeting of the employers and workmen, although this list was modified in many particulars in 1896 and again in 1898. Special numbers and overwork rates are given for certain classes of bottles, but the bulk of the bottles are divided into two groups pale and dark metal, each group being further subdivided into four or five classes, for each of which the numbers constituting a day's work and the overwork rates per gross are fixed. The weekly rates (exclusive of overwork) at present paid are as follows : s. d. Finisher 1 13 Blower 1 11 Gatherer ... 160 Lists of a similar character to those referred to above are in opera- tion at Bristol, Seaham Harbo'Ur, Sunderland, Brierley Hill, Porto- bello, Glasgow, and elsewhere. The tables on pages 259 to 262 give particulars of the rates of wages, the division of overwork, and tha hours of labour in a number of districts. The custom of paiyment in Dublin and in London is somewhat different, and these districts may accordingly be briefly referred to here. Dublin. In this district the men are paid according to an agreement which came into force in January, 1896, additional rates for certain classes of bottles having come into force in May, 1899. The prices paid are at a fixed rate per gross, and there is no division into ordinary rates and overwork as in other districts. A minimum wage is, however, guaranteed, the standard weekly wages being for Finishers 36s. 3d., Blowers 28s. 9d., Gatherers 21s. 3d. The wages at present paid per gross to the men of each hole are as follows : Black Bottles. Clear Bottles. Size of Bottle. Wages paid to Wages paid to Finisher. Blower. Gatherer. Finisher. Blower. Gatherer. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Imperial quarts Eeputed Imperial pints Reputed 1 9 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 6 1 3 1 1 11 1 3 1 10 8 1 9 1 6 1 4 1 3 1 6 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 10 9 Half pints .. 1 2 11 8 1 2 11 8 Noggins . . Five-ounce sodas 1 2 11 8 11 1 2 9 11 7 8 About 140 men are paid according to this list. LONDON GLASS BOTTLE! MAKERS' LIST, London. The London trade is principally occupied in the manufacture of bottles ranging in size from half a dram to six ounces. The custom of paying at a special rate for " overwork " does not prevail in London except in the case of the men referred to below as belonging to the Yorkshire Society. The existing price list was issued on the authority of the London Glass Blowers' Trade Society in April, 1895, and though not officially signed by the employers has been since adopted by nearly all of them. The London Glass Blowers' Trade Society is distinct from the larger association. No association of employers appears to have existed since 1873. About 360 men are employed in London under this list, while about 250 are believed to be employed, outside the jurisdiction of the society, in making a common description of bottle not provided for in the list. There are also about 60 men employed by two firms at the east end of London upon work similar to that produced in Yorkshire, of which association they are members. The working hours are from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. for one shift, and from 7 p.m. to 7 a.m. for the other shift, wit/h a/ stoppage in each case of not less than two hours for meals. The shifts consist of five nights and six days respectively, the men working in the day- time one week and at night the next, no overtime being made. The rates both for day work and nigjht work are 165. per day, divided among three men as follows : 6s. for the maker and 5s. each for the two blowers. If, however, from any cause one man is absent, the two men, whether blowers or makers, are paid a.t the rate of 11s. per day, based upon the production of two-thirds of the number of bottles in the list ; if only one man is employed, whether blower or maker, he is paid at the rate of 6s. per day, calculated upon the basis of one-third of the number ordinarily produced by a gang of three men. The rates are fixed at per day in London because the number of a particular bottle produced is frequently very small. Neither the day's work nor the week's work is, however, limited, , Wages are paid weekly and no deductions of any kind are made from the list prices, the apprentices and lads being paid by the employers, though it is customary for the men in some shops to voluntarily pay the " taker in " a few pence per week in addition. There are a few rules governing the mode of calculating the work done, such as : All work to be at 144 to the gross, and to be counted -as it comes from the lear. 30321 ft 258 GLASS BOTTLE TRADE. All work with cut-down tops* to be, up to and including a 6 oz., one gross less ; from 6 oz. to 12 oz., -"half gross less ; from 12 oz. upwards, quarter gross less. Any bottle up to a 1 oz., except homoeopathic, if with lips, one gross less ; over that size, same as with brims. Any bottle not mentioned in this list to be left to the shop where it is made, and if it cannot be settled satisfactorily, it shall be brought before the Society. For pot setting, f Is. 6<#. is paid for 14 ins., 2s. for 16 to 18 ins., and over those dimensions, 2s. d. For turning]; or ladling, 14 to 16 ins., 6d. is paid, above those dimensions, Is. The following extracts from the London list will give an idea as to the class of bottle most generally made, and the number of gross per day to be made by aj gang in order to secure the standard rates : Description of Bottle. Number constituting a Day's Work. Description of Bottle. Number constituting a Day's Work. Round Shouldered and Squat Vials. 1 to 2 drams, inclusive I 02 to 1 OZ Gross. 12 11 Ordinary Narrow-neck Ovals cont. 1 J oz. and 2 ozs 3 ozs Gross. 8 7 lioz. 2 ozs. 3 ozs. 4 ozs. 5 ozs. and 6 ozs. 7 ozs. and 8 ozs. 10 ozs. 12 ozs. Ordinary Octagon, Medium, Marked and Lettered Vials. 4 dram to J oz., inclusive Up to 1 oz. Hoz. 10 9 8 1 31 12 11 10 4 ozs. 5 ozs. and 6 ozs Over ordinary weight, up to and including 3 ozs., 1 gross less ; over that up to 8 ozs., gross less. Light Squares. Narrow and Wide Mouths. 1 and 2 drams ioz 6 5 11 10 2 ozs For stoppering, up to and n 6 drams to 1 oz 14. oz. 9 8 including 2 ozs., \ gross less. 2 ozs. 3 OZS. 4 o/s f 1 Q Homoeopathic Vials. 1, 2, and 3 drams i oz. and 1 oz. $ gross less for stoppering. Ordinary Narrow-neck Ovals. | 11 10 5 ozs. and 6 ozs Ordinary and Globe Neck Panels. 1 and 2 drams 4. oz 1 oz . 5 10 9 7* land 2 drams ioz 6 drams and 1 oz 11 10 9 14.07. 2 ozs. 3 ozs. 4 oxs. 7 p * " Cut-down " tops are those turned over, as distinct from " burst-off" tops which are plain. t Eemoying the old pot made of clay in which the metal is melted, and putting in a new one after it has been heated to the same temperature as those in the furnace. * When the pot is placed in the furnace it is liable to crack, in which cases the front of the furnace is loosened, and the pot turned round with the cracked side upwards, when it can be used. When a cracked pot is full of metal, a long ladle is used for the purpose of emptying it LONDON GLASS BOTTLE MAKERS' LIST. 259 Description of Bottle. Number constituting a Day's Work. Description of Bottle. Number constituting a Day's Work. Ordinary Essence. Rounds, Squares, and Ovals. 1 and 2 drams i 5 up to 1J oz. weight 5 ( 2 ozs. HOZ. " 52: 03 OZS Gross 10 9 ?' II Colognes. Ordinary cant. 4 ozs. 4i ozs. Cup or stop necks, up to 6 ozs. inclusive, i gross less. Wide-mouth Ovals and Wide and Narrow-mouth lionndx (not including Shaving Pot*.) 1 to 2 drams ioz. .. Gross. 5) 10 9 2 ozs. 4 5 ";; 6 1 oz 8 Bottles over the above 1J oz. 2 ozs 7 reckoned as cannon 3 4 ozs . . . . 5 Cannon Essence. 3 drams and oz. up to 23 ozs. weight. 7, Octagon Poisons. 1 to 2 drams i oz 11 10 6 drams and 1 oz. up to 4 ozs. 6 1 oz .... 9 weight. 84 1$ ozs. up to 41 ozs. weight . . N 2 ozs 8 2 ozs. 5$ ozs. 5 a 4 ozs . . 7 Colognes. Ordinary. 1 and 2 drams i oz. up to li oz. weight loz. 2 ozs. loz. 2iozs. , 2 ozs. 3 ozs. 3 ozs. 3| ozs. 11 10 9 8 a Medicals. Round, Square, Octagon^ or Oval. loz U oz. to 2 ozs 3 ozs. 4 ozs. 9 8 6i Weekly Wages and Hours in Various Districts. The following Summary Tables show for various districts the nominal weekly ratea of wages for a certain quantity of work, the proportion in which every of " overwork " money was divided among the various classes of workers, and the recognised hours of labooir in 1899. (A.) WEEKLY RATES OF WAGES. Weekly rate of Wages for a fixed number of Bottles.* Towns. Men. Bo ys. Makers. Blowers. Gatherers. Wetters- off. Takers- in. ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties. Blaydon s. d. 33 s. d. 31 s. d. 26 s. d. 9 6 s. d. 8 6 Blyth 29 25 22 7 6 Seaham Harbour Pfvlfl metal chop '3 31 26 8 7 Dark and turned bottles 32 28 6 28 6 7 3 6 3 Dark and unturned bottles blown in mould. 29 26 23 7 6 * In some districts this rate is guaranteed by the employer, and is paid whether the number is made or not, ; e.g.. in the north of England, with the exception of Blaydon. In Lancashire workmen are guaranteed sufficient metal to enable them to make their .laily wage. 30321 R 2 260 GLASS BOTTLE TRADE. (A.) WEEKLY RATES OF WAGES cont. Towns. Weekly rate of Wages for a fixed number of Bottles.* Men. Boys. Makers. Blowers. Gatherers Wetters- Takers- off. in. Northern Counties cont. Southwick fSunderland s. d. | 31 s. d. 27 s. d. 24 s. d. s. d. 7 j 63 Yorkshire. Barnsley 10 9 Castleford .. .. 10 9 Conisbrough 9 6 8 Ferrybridge Hunslet 9 8 6 Kilnburst > 34 6 32 6 27 6 9 6 8 6 Masbrough 8 6 7 6 Stairfoot 10 9 Swinton 9 6 8 6 Thornhill Lees 9 6 8 6 Wakefleld ; 9 6 8 6 Lancashire and Cheshire. * Manchester Newton-le-Willows St. Helens 33 31 26 90 8 Warrington West Midland Counties. BrierleyHill Bristol .. 33 37 33 31 34 31 27 80 30 6 10 26 10 7 8 9 London. London Monmouth. Newport 33 31 26 10 9 SCOTLAND. Alloa 33 ( 30 ] and ( 33 31 27 and 30 23 10 21 ) and '90 24 ) 8 7 Glasgow Portobello 30 27 21 80 7 IRELAND. Dublin 36 3 28 9 21 3 - * Tn some districts this rate is guaranteed by the employer, and is paid whether the number is made or not, e.g., in the north of England, with the exception of Blaydon. In Lancashire workmen are guaranteed sufficient metal to enable them to make their daily wage. I These are the rates for dark metal. The rates for pale metal are the same as in Yorkshire GLASS BOTTLE MAKERS* WAGES AND HOURS. (B.) DIVISION OF OVERWORK AND HOURS OF LABOUR. Towns Division of Overwork per . Hours of Labour.* Men. Boys. Total. Hours worked *?. Days worked per Week. Mak- ers. Blow- ers. Gather- ers. Wetters- off. Takers- in. ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Blaydon 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 91 5 Blyth 7 7i 5 3i 4 3 1 8i 1 4 20 9| 5 Seaham Harbour Tale metal shop 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 91 Dark and turned bot- tles. Dark and unturned bottles blown in mould. South wick Sunderland 7 Si 8 6i 8 6 | 5 4i 6 8 6 8 4 4 4 9i '4 9* 1 4i 1 2J 20 20 20 91 *i 91 5 5 5 Yorkshire. Barnsley 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 Caetleford 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 Conisbroughf 7 6 7 6 3 4 1 8 1 8 21 8t Ferrybridge 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 Hunslet Kilnhurstf 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 3 4 3 4 10 1 8 10 1 8 20 21 8 > 91 5 Masbroughf 7 6 7 6 3 4 1 8 1 8 21 8t Swintonf 7 6 7 6 3 4 1 8 1 8 21 8t Thornhill Lees 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 Wakefleldf 7 6 7 6 3 4 1 8 1 8 21 8f Lancashire and Cheshire. Manchester Newton-le-Willows St. Helen's [" 6 2f 4 Oi 10i 8J 20 10 5 Warrington i j West Midland Counties. Brierley Hill* 8 2 8 2 6 _ 22 4 10 5 Bristol!! ( 8} ( and 7} 5 on Sat. * In districts where work is carried on on Saturdays, a full journey is made by commencing early in the morning, but where only five days per week are shown the employees do not work at all on Saturdays. t These branches pay the wetter-off and taker-in an extra rate for overwork : Is. 8d. instead of lOd. on the 1, which makes the total amount of 21s. 8d. In some cases young men wet-off and are paid 14s. or 15s. a week wages. At Brierley Hill, " overwork" is paid for at the rate of 22s. 4d. per journey of 5 gross of quarts. This sum is divided as shown in the table. || In Bristol, overwork is paid as journeys at following rates for five gross reputed bottles for either light or dark metals: 2 bottle makers, each 7s. 6d. ; gatherer and blower, 6s. 4d. ; wetter-off, Is. 8d. : taker-in, Is. 4d. 262 GLASS TRADE. (B.) DIVISION OF OVERWORK AND HOURS OF LABOUR coni. Towns. Division of Overwork per . Hours of Labour.* Men. Boys. Total. Hours worked per Day. Days worked per Week. Mak- ers. Blow- ers. Gather- ers. Wetters- off. Takers- in. ENGLAND AND WALES cont. London. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d London (see page 257) 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 N 5 Monmouth. Newport 7 6 7 6 3 4 10 10 20 Oi 5 SCOTLAND. A.lloa 1 10* 5 Glasgow \ 1U 5 8i 3 10 1 5 1 5 20 OJ 8 ar si d o: Portobello j ! m at 9i 5* d e: IRELAND. Dublin 9k 6 GLASS BEVELLING. This is essentially a piece trade. Shape work bevelling requires more skill than straight work, and in some cases is paid for at day rates, on account of the risk in cutting the mitres and scollops in the glass. Glass broken in bevelling is not paid for by the piece worker, who, however, loses the work he has put on it. The statement of piece work prices for straight work regulates the London trade, which was mutually agreed upon by the Employers' Association and the National Plate Glass Bevellers' Trade. Union, and came into operation in 1891. The list, as well as that dealing with shapework, referred to later, is now subject to a reduction of 12^ per cent., the following agreement having been arrived at, at a conference between the Employers' Association and the Trade Union on February 4th, 1898. Resolved that an all round reduction of 12^ per cent, be made on the 1891 Statement and Shape work, subject to the two following additions, namely : (1.) Overtime to be worked, when the state of the work renders it necessary, but systematic overtime not to be allowed. (2.) In )ase of dispute, the work to be proceeded with, and the settlement to be referred to the Board of Arbitration, and Umpire, if necessary, whose decision shall be final. * In districts where work is carried on on Saturdays, a full journey is made by com- mencing early in the morning, but where only five days per week are shown the employees do not work at all on Saturdays. LONDON GLASS REVELLERS' LIST. 263 And the following conditions, namely : (1.) That only those employers who are prepared to do their work in their own shops shall deduct 12* per cent, off the 1891 Statement and Shape Work. (2.) That the Union Apprentice Rule be maintained. (3.) That the other conditions of the 1891 Statement remain as before. (4.) All work that the Union employers are unable to do to be sent out to Union shops. (5.) The reduction to take effect as and from Saturday morning the 12th February, 1898. The following is the 1891 statement. Similar statements are in operation in most of the large industrial centres, though the trade is a comparatively small one, the union consisting of 600 members only. Straight Work. MINIMUM SCALE OF PIECE WORK PRICES. | -inch bevel Hd. ] f , ld. I per foot, up to and including 10 feet run 2d. } and over 10 feet run, d. per foot extra. 3fd. J Over 1^-inch bevel, ^d. extra per } s inch, up to H-inch bevel, for each foot up to and including 10 feet run : and over 10 feet run, ^d. per foot extra. On any plate over 10 superficial feet d. per foot extra to be charged. FOR POLISHED EDGES. i inch thick l^d. ) J ., 2d. V per foot up to 10 feet run. * 2Jd. ) Over \ inch thick, a special price to be charged, or day work. Only the work done on lamp panes* to be charged for. All fractional parts of an inch, over inch, to be reckoned an inch. No piecework statement of prices for shapework has been adopted by a conference of employers and workmen, but the following is the scale which has been in operation since 1890. This list must be read in connection with the agreement of 1898, printed above. In many cases an arrangement as to price is mutually arrived at before a job is commenced. Shape Work. MINIMUM SCALE OP PIECEWORK PRICES. MITRES. Mitres on ends of ordinary shapes. Shoulders more than 1 inch long, Id. extra per 1 inch or fra3tional part to be charged, up to 4 inches ; over 4 inches a special price. Up to f -inch bevel 5d. per mitre, up to 10 feet run (very small sizes 3d. ami 4d. ) 6d. over 10 feet run, to 12 feet run. 8d. 12 14 Above f-inch bevel, Id. per i inch extra, up to IJ-inch bevel. Above that a special price to be charged. A special price to be charged for mitres on sides. * Plate glass used in making lamps, such as public-house lamps a cheap class of work 264 GLASS TRADti. DOCK LABOUR. SCOLLOPS. Scollops on Small Plates up to 18 inch by 14 inch. Scollops up to 4 inch wide, | or | inch bevel, 2 inch deep, 3d. 6 55 55 55 55 4^d. 9Kd 5J 55 55 55 uu * 14. 8r? 55 55 55 55 55 ou - 55 18 ,, ,, ,, 10d. Above 2 inch deep, Id. extra for every 1 inch, or fractional part thereof. Sizes above 18 inch by 14 inch, on ends only. Scollops up to 4 inch wide, f-inch bevel, lg inch deep. 4^d. ] 6 5Jd. (up to 10 feet 55 55 55 55 ?d. ( n. 10 9d. ] Above 1 inch deep, Id. extra for every 1 inch deeper or fractional part thereof up to 4 inch deep, above that size a special price to be charged, or da y work, as below. Over 10 feet run and up to 12 feet run, Id. per scollop extra. 12 14 ,. an additional Id. on the above scale. Above f-inch bevel, Id. per ^ inch extra, up to lj-inch bevel. Above that, special price to be charged. Scollops above 10 inch wide, Id. per inch extra, and to rise in same propor- tion according to depth. A special price to be charged for scollops on sides. SERPENTINE TOPS. f Doors. Bevel, | and f inch. Over f-inch bevel, 2d. All sizes up to 7 X 5 4d. 12 X 9 6d. 18 X 14 8d. 28 X 20 lOd. 36 X 24 Is. 40 X 30 Is. 2d. ^_ a pov;jun JJ.LHJC. I top., Over 14 feet run to be classed as a special job. and to be done at the minimum rate of lOd. per hour ; the shape worker to do the whole of the bevel on the plate (straight and shape), where practicable. Ail shape plates to be measured square, independent of the shape work. Up to 10 feet run, lOd. per top. per top per ^-inch { Over 10 feet and up to bevel, up to 1^-inch 12 feet, Is. per top. bevel; above that Over 12 feet and up to a special price. 14 feet, Is. 2d. per DOCK AND WATERSIDE LABOUR. The majority of dock and waterside labourers engaged in unloading and loading ordinary cargoes are paid by the hour. Labourers, how- ever, handling certain classes of goods are often paid by the piece, and in some districts elaborate piece lists have been aigreed to for timber porters (or " deal runners "), corn porters, coal tippers, and trimmers, and other classes of labourers. These piece lists are too voluminous bo print in full, but a few selected lists, or extracts from lists, are given below, which will serve to illustrate the methods by which the remu- neration of this class of labourer is fixed. Timber Porters London. The work of landing, sorting, and piling timber and delivering it into barges or land carriage in the Surrey Docks is performed by gangs of labourers consisting of (1) contractors who take the work at a piece price, (2) day labo-urers (termed " strappers ") who are employed by the contractors at a time rate of Is. per hour. The gangs consist of a varying number of men, according to the size of the vessel and other conditions. The contract piece rates (which are for labour only) are settled every year between the representatives of the men LONDON TIMBER PORTERS' LIST. 265 and the Dock Company. The following list of piece rates in force is dated April, 1898. The terms used are for the most part easily understood and require no detailed explanation. RATES PAID BY THE COMPANY FOE THE FOLLOWING WORK IN THE SURREY COMMERCIAL DOCKS. Land- ing, Sorting, Piling, Deliv- ery Extra Distance beyond 200 ft. 1 and into Ee- 1 placing Barges piling. under or Land Ac. cover Car- when riage. Land- Deliver- re- ing. ing. quired. s. d. . d. *. d. s. d.' s. d. Deals, planks, battens, and ends, 3 inches and under, at per Petersburg standard hundred, viz., 120 pieces of 12 feet 14 by 11 inches. Deals, planks, battens, and ) at per Peters- } ends, 5 inchesand upwards burgstandard > in thickness hundred. ) 2 4 2 10 1 4 1 9 I 4 1 6 1 1 6 6 Deals, planks, battens and ends, 4 inches in thickness Do. 2 7 1 6 1 4 1 6 Deals, planks, battens and ends, hemlock and hack- Do. 3 1 6 1 6 1 6 matac Scantling, 6 inchps and under in width Do. 3 3 1 8 1 4 1 6 Scantling, 6 inches and under in width, hemlock Do. 3 3 1 9 1 6 1 2 7 and hackmatac Boards and board ends, 14 inch thick and under Do. 3 4 1 6 1 6 1 6 Boards and board ends, 14' inch thick and under. Do. 4 2 1 10 1 2 7 hemlock and hackmatac Boards and board ends, i rough , 54 inches and under in width Do. 4 1 10 1 10 1 6 Boards and board ends, pre- ) n . pared } 3 4 1 6 1 6 1 6 Boards and board ends, pre-") pared. 54 inches and under } Do. 3 10 1 8 1 8 1 6 in width Boards and board ends,) n _ stocking out i Do - 2 1 - Boards and board ends, ) rough, stocking out, 54 in- ches and under in width. . Do. - - 2 4 - Extra when taken from rail- T>n 00 1 way trucks DO. O 1 U Sorting deals, battens, &o. . . Do. 7 Sticking deals, battens, and ( *!_ p .?!l^? ) 1 *> boards, 2 sticks \ plt)Ct5 ciil i 1 -J Sticking deals, battens, andf T^_ 17 boards, 3 sticks > U(j. I Architraves and mouldings, in cases or bundles. . per load of ) 50 feet J 1 ii ;. 7 4 3 Stick mouldings at per 120 bundles - - 1 2 - Deck deals, 25 feet and upwards in length, 2 10 2 6 1 ti 1 1 7 not exceeding 3 inches, at per Petersburg standard hundred, viz., 120 pieces of 12 feet 14 by 11 inches. Deck deals, 25 feet and upwards in length, 3 3 2 9 1 7 i a 7 exceeding 3 inches, at per Petersburg stand- ard hundred, viz., 120 pieces of 12 feet 14 by 11 inches. | Pitch pine and Oregon pine deals, 4 inches in thickness, 20 feet and upwards in length, or 4 4 3 1 2 1 6 9 5 inches and upwards in thickness of all lengths, per Petersburg st indard hundred. viz., 120 pieces of 12 feet 14 bv 11 inches. Pitch pine and Oregon pine deals, under 3 7 2 '0 1 10 1 1 7 4 inches in thickness, 20 feet and upwards in length, at per Peter sbure standard hundred, viz., 120 pieces of 12" feet 14 by 11 inches. 266 DOCK AND WATERSIDE LABOUR. Land- * ing, Sorting Piling, , Deli- very Extra Distance beyond 200 ft. and into Re- placing Barges piling, under or Land cover Car- when riage. Land- Deliver- re- ing. ing. quired. i s. d. *. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Pitch pine and Oregon pine ( at per } deals, 4 inches and under i Petersburg f in thickness and under 20) standard ( 3 2 1 9 1 4 1 1 7 feet in length . . .. \ hundred J Pitch pine boards . . . . Do. Pitch pine boards, stocking ) D 4 4 2 2 2 8 1 2 7 out ) Pitch pine boards, scantling," 6 inches and under in -pv 4 1 9 1 4 1 i 7 width and 19 feet and 1 U vf I under in length Sticking pitch pine, Oregon _ Ar -, ?n niflpflt , > pine, and deck deals with P e W L U n ^ es _ _ 1 2 _ 2 sticks all round Sticking pitch pine, Oregon pine, and deck deals with Do. _ 1 7 _ 3 sticks Selecting deck deals, 25 feet and upwards, ~ 9 pitch pine and Oregon pine deals 20 feet and upwards in length, of any width or thickness, at per Petersburg standard hundred, viz., 120 pieces of 12 foot li by 11 inches. Fir timber and balk, 7 inches and under 9} inches square f Railway sleepers exceeding ) per load of ( 5 feet cube each . . . . J 50 feet ) 1 10 (i 5 4 Fir timber and balk, 6 inches ) and under, and railway > Do. 11 9 5* 5 3 sleepers under o feet cube j Balk, landed by steam crane, ) -p. 2d. off above rates . . . . J Extra on balk landed from \ p. 4 rafts, without crane . . ) U '1 Jarrah and Karri . . . . Do. 16 11 9 Hardwood, timber and ) plank, by steam crane and { -Q steam traveller, commer- ( 8 7 6 - - cial warehouses . . . . ; Hardwood, timber and} plank, by steam crane f -p, and hand traveller, com- i 1 10 6 - - mercial warehouses . . ; Hardwood, t : mber and) plank, without steam f -p. crane or traveller, com- f 1 2 1 8 - mercial warehouses . . J Hardwood, timber and) - I f) I ft (] Q plank i 1 - X U \J O Hardwood, timber and) T. plank, Baltic gantry .. j Da 6 6 3 - - Hardwood, boards .. .. Do. 1 5 1 8 5 3 Floated timber per crane to ) Fir or pine carriage or open craft . . ) (hydraulic) Floated timber per crane to ) Fir or pine 3 Oft carriage or open craft . . J (hand crane) o Floated timber per crane to ( el f?: ash, and carriage or open craft . . ) (hydraulic) - 4 - - - Floated timber per crane to ( el Sr5? 1 J'i!!2 d Op carriage or open craft . . { pjgff *"* j 7 Do. If delivered to decked or partly 9 decked vessels Failings reduced to the mille of 4 ft. | ins. by 2 2 1 5 1 1 11 6 3 ins. Fir staves loose, 28 ins. by 4, per 1,200 1 3 1 1 l 6 (large or small size in proportion). Do. Extra for sorting for widths and f 6 _ _ thickness, exceeding 2 sorts. Pantile laths (in bundles), reduced to the 4 i> ,. 2 1 6 7 Petersburg standard hundred. Do. (tying into bundles) . .per bundle I LONDON TIMBER PORTERS 1 LIST. 267 Land- ing, Sorting, Piling, Deliv- ery Extra Distance beyond 200 ft. and into lie- placing Barges piling, under or Land cover Car- when riage. Land- Deliver- re- ing. ing. quired. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Treenails and wedges, 2 ft. and under, at per I 11 11 10 4 1,200 pieces. Do. above 2ft. and under "j Do. above Sftfand'about [ in Proportion 3 ft. long . . . . ) Billets or rough hickory ) at per 120 17 1 3 8 fi handspikes j pieces Handspikes and pit props . . Do. I 1 7 1 3 8 U D 6 Spars, round butts . . . . Do. 14 6 11 7 3 6 3 4 1 Do. 4 ins. and under 6 ins., n above 22 ft. in length Do. 4 ins. and under 6 ins., -r^ 22 ft. and under .. Do ' 11 6 8 6 9 6 6 o 9 4 3 4 11 3 8 3 4 2 5 Do. under 4 ins., above 22 ,-. ft. in length.. ..] Do - 5 6 4 6 2 9 2 4 1 8 Do. under 4 ins., 22 ft. and n under U0t 4 6 3 6 2 3 1 11 1 4 Bickers, 24 ft. to 32 ft. long. . Do. 2 7 2 1 1 3 1 1 9 Do. under 24 ft. long . . Do. 1 11 1 5 11 10 6 Rough Oars, 24 ft. and up- ) ^,. wards ) L> ' 5 6 i 6 2 9 2 4 1 8 Do. under 24 ft Do. 4 6 3 6 2 3 1 11 1 4 Spokes and felloes . . at per 1,200 pieces Oars (Ash), dressed, under 24 ft. long at per 2 1 11 1 1 5 1 Oil 10 U 10 o 6 120 pieces. Lathwood . . . . at per cubic fathom 2 10 1 10 1 2 U 7 F ^Q 1 delf v^V anding r 1 *- >0> _ 1 10 _. Rash wood, not exceeding 5ft. long, and not exceeding 3 ins. square, at per 1,200 pieces. Laths, per standard of 4 ft. in length, in 4 6 2 a 3 3 1 6 2 3 1 1 1 11 11 1 o 7 bundles of 100 each, at per 120 bundles. Do. tying into bundles of 100 each, at per OJ bundle. Spade handles, per 1,200 . . 3 6 ;? o (t 10 1 9 6 1 6 4 1 1 3 Broom handles, in cases or bundles, at per 1 2 loai of 50 ft. Do. tying into bundles, at per bundle. Doors, 7 feet in length (other' sizes in ) Q0rt , proportion) ] eacn OJ OJ Pine butts, of regular lengths, same as deals. . _ Deal and board ends, 5 feet ) . and under in length, and at e t hn firewood ) lathom 6 2 9 2 1 6 1 II Framing at landing or on delivery do. Extra on cargoes of battens, if more than 14 - 2 9 2 I parcels, at per Petersburg standard. Marking timber and deals (for \ loft 1ft dplivpru^ I per i.iij pieces ueiiveryj .. .. ,. 1 . U Uncovering or covering square \ (when piles of deals j ordered) 10 Uncovering or covering Bristol ) ^ piles of deals, 3 to 4 pieces wide . . i uo ' Uncovering or covering Bristol) - - 4 - piles of deals, 6 pieces wide and > Do. _ 6 upwards ) Uncovering or covering square p, piles of deal ends UOf _ _ 5 Uncovering or covering Bristol piles of deal ends, 3 to 5 pieces Do. wide 2 Uncovering or covering Bristol piles of deal ends, 6 pieces wide Do. 3 and upwards Deals, battens, &c., delivered direct from 1 7 ._ quay to craft, at per Petersburg standard hundred of 120 pieces of 12 feet 1 by 11 inches. Deals, battens, &c., when stocked out and 2 _ sorted for size or quality before delivery, at per Petersburg standard hundred of 120 pieces of 12 feet li by 11 inches. 268 DOCK AND WATEBSIDE LABOUR. STAVES. Landing and Piling. Delivery into Barges or Land Carriage. Repiling s. d. s. d. S. (I. Baltic and Hambro', 10-4ths and up-) wards reduced to 3 in. pipe . . . . ) at 1,200 pieces 14 9 6 1 Do. under 10-4ths and upwards re- ) duced to 3 in. pipe ) Do. 14 9 6 7 Barrel staves (7-4 and under) Do. 4 5 3 Quebec, reduced to 1 in. standard pipe, ) as customary ) Do. 15 8 6 - United States Staves, as customary Quebec, West India puncheon wine pipe, ) of the usual description 3 for 1 . . i Bosnia, under 2 inches in thickness, 35) Do. Do. T\ _ 17 15 o n 9 6 8 6 o n ' - inches and under . . . . . i JJO. O Ai- j -J t' Do. do. 36 to 48 inches Do. 4 5 3 Do. do. 49 to 60 inches Do. 4 8 3 3 Do. do. (51 to 72 inches Do. 4 11 3 !) Do. 2 inches and upwards in thickness, ) 35 inches and under . . . ) Do. 4 8 3 6 -- Do. do. 36 to 48 inches Do. 5 1 3 11 . Do. do. 49 to 60 inches Do. 5 5 4 : Do. do. 01 to 72 inches Do. 5 8 4 3 Repiling or Rummaging, not otherwise specified, one-half landing price. Extra when sorted for fourths or marks j Baltic Staves, if 2 sorts or marks .. at per 1,200 pieces 1 1 ; Do. 3 and 4 do. .. Do. 18! Do. 5 and 6 do. Do. 2 1 , Do. 7 and 8 do. Do. 2 6 Do. 9 and 10 do. Do. 3 3 Do. 11 and upwards Do. 3 8 ~~ CONDITIONS. 1. These prices include all necessary implements and gear, also laying proper dunnage and covering at pileing. 2. In measuring distance for steamers, one-sixth of the length of vessel to be deducted. Men to choose which end. The length of the bulk on the quay to be measured, then from the end selected by the gang one-sixth of the entire length to be deducted, and from that point allowing half the width of the quay for the turn of all goods. Carried down the alley the measure- ment is to be taken. 3. In stocking out upon the quay the measurement for the run to be taken from the same point, and the same allowance made for width of quay. 4. No turn allowed on goods carried down the alley after being stocked out. 5. Exceeding 300 feet double the amount allowed for extra distance. 6. Goods landed X craft 40 feet allowed in measuring distance. 7. When goods are landed from craft across the main road of the yard, that 5s. be allowed for each or part of day from commencement of job. 8. Landing from craft. That 3d. per standard extra be allowed upon all prices mentioned upon list. 9. Landing cargoes without a specification. That Is. per standard extra be allowed upon afl prices mentioned upon list. 10. Landing cargoes over 700 standard discharged upon quay, 4>d. per standard extra on the quantity over 700 standard. 11. Repiling to make room for Cargo Landing, 2d. per standard extra be allowed upon prices mentioned upon list. 12. Eepiling when not specified to be paid half landing rate. 13. That in the event of Laths and Slating Battens coming loose in cargo, or broken in discharging, the Company to provide men to tie them into bundles. LONDON CORN POUTERS 1 LIST. 269 14. When delivering wood goods to vehicles, extra distance to be measured from pile to cart. 15. For all wood goods landed, delivered or stocked out, the contractors to deduct one penny per Petersburg standard. Eepiling, %d. per standard. 16. All wool goods paid by the load landed, delivered, or repiled, kd. per load be deducted. 17. For all staves paid by the mille the contractor to deduct Is. per miDe for landing, delivery or repiling. Corn Porters London. The labourers employed in the work of unloading corn in the Millwall Docks are paid under a piece system. They work in gangs,* and arrangements are provided for in the working rules published by the Dockers' Union for the equalisation of work, by rotation of gangs. The money is equally divided among the members of the gang. The work of unloading corn is considerably affected by the introduc- tion of machinery, and consequently three sets of rates are provided : (1.) For " overside " (or manual work), (2.) For "hopper" work, (3.) For "skip" work, the hoppers and skips being mechanical arrangements which diminish the amount of manual labour required. Cargoes of grain are further divided into "heavy" and "light" labour, viz., cargoes offering special difficulties owing to the awkward position of the hold or other reasons, and ordinary " clean " cargoes. There are also slight differences in piece rates according as a hand or steam winch is employed, or according as the corn is loose in the hold or contained in sacks. It will be noticed that the list also provides for cotton seed which is handled by corn porters. RATES of PAY per 100 quarters. (The work includes bushelling in the ship's hold, winching-up, and landing; into lighters.) *. d. Overside. Heavy labour, hand winch 17 4 Do. do. steam ... ... ... ... 16 1 Do. Light labour 15 3 Hopper work. Heavy labour, sack work Do. do. loose ... ... ... ... 69 Do. Light labour, sack work ... 56 Do. do. loose 5 3 Do. Cotton seed 9 Cotton seed overside. Loose or sack work, per ton White cotton seed Skip, sack work, per 100 qrs. Skip, loose, day work, 6d. per hour, with an allowance of Is. per man on 800 qrs. and 4>d. per man for each 100 qrs. or part thereof over the 800 qrs., and allowance to be paid in proportion to time worked. The above rates are increased for work after 6 p.m. as follows, i.e., by an additional halfpenny per qr. work. Double rates are paid for work during meal times. * Six men are employed in a gang for light work and seven for heavy work. 270 DOCK AND WATERSIDE LABOUR. Coal Trimmers and Tippers Cardiff and Newport. The prices paid at Cardiff and Newport for " tipping " and " trim- ming " coal, i.e., for tipping coal into the bunkers of steamers (for fuel) or into the holds of steamers and sailing vessels (for cargo), and " trimming " or distributing it evenly in the holds and bunkers, are regulated by piece lists, dated December, 1890, and March, 1893, respectively. In the majority of vessels " trimming " is done by manual labour, but a certain number of steamers possess "self-trimming" arrange- ments which automatically distribute the coal as it is tipped into the hold, and so dispense with labour. There are accordingly two price lists, (1) for ordinary vessels, (2) for "self-trimming" steamers. The lists for Cardiff and Newport are generally similar as regards the arrangement and the rates paid. The full list of prices for ordinary vessels at Newport is given below. The overtime rates in the district take the form of the addition to the tonnage rates of a " bonus " per man, as follows : If working up to 10 p.m 1*. ,, 12 p.m 2s. after 3s. CHARGES FOR TRIMMING AND TIPPING COAL AND COKE. SAILING VESSELS. Side Bunkers. s. d. One deck 5f per ton. Two decks 7| Three decks lOf Four decks 1 If All bunker coal tipped into reserves and thwartships to pay: One deck 3f Two decks 4* Three decks 5J Four decks 6f Bridge and all other decks to count. If the thwart bunker hatchway cannot be usd, and the coal has to be passed through the side bunker hatch, the rate shall be according to side bunker price. All bunker coal wheeled, to pay 4>d. per ton extra on the quantity so wheeled. If the shute cannot be put on the ship properly on account of the height or otherwise, and the coal has to be kicked out of the shute, for all coal so worked, fixed charge 2d. per ton. Cargoes tipped into Holds. 1 Deck Steamers: When three or more hatchways are used . . . 2f d. per ton. two hatchways are used 3$d. one hatchway only is used 3f<. H Deck Steamers: When three or more hatchways are used ... 3d. per ton. two hatchways are used 3ir7. one hatchway only is used 4rt. , t CARDIFF AND NEWPORT COAL TRIMMERS*, ETC., LIST. 271 Cargoes tipped into Holds cont. 2 Deck Steamers: When three or more hatchways are used ... two hatchways are used 3d. per ton. one hatchway only is used 2| Deck Steamers: When three or more hatchways are used ,, two hatchways are used ... ... one hatchway only is used ... 3 Deck Steamers: When three or more hatchways are used two hatchways are used one hatchway only is used ... 3| Deck Steamers: When three or more hatchways are used two hatchways are used ... ... one hatchway only is used 4 Deck Steamers: When three or more hatchways are used two hatchways are used ,, one hatchway only is used ... \d. 4>%d. per ton. 4fd. ,, 5%d. 4>%d. per ton. 5$d. Oil. ,, 5$d. per ton. 5%d. ,, \d. 5|c?. per ton. G$d. Small coal to pay the same as large. All decks to count, whether the hatchways are cased round or not. When coals are tipped into a tank, the tank to be always counted as a deck. SAILING VESSELS. All vessels under 200 tons cargo to pay 3d. per ton. All available hatch- ways must be used, otherwise the ship will be charged according to the number of hatchways used. All vessels over 200 tons and under 1,000 tons burthen: 1 Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used . . . 2f d. per ton. ,, two hatchways are used ... ... one hatchway only is used ...... 3 H Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used ... 3d. per ton. two hatchways are used ... ...... 3%d. ,, one hatchway only is used ...... 4d. 2 Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used two hatchways are used one hatchway only is used ... 2 Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used two hatchways are used one hatchway only is used All vessels over 1,000 tons burthen to pay: 1 Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used two hatchways are used one hatchway only is used H Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used two hatchways are used one hatchway only is used ... 2 Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used ... ^\d. per ton. two hatchways are used .. ...... 5d. ,, one hatchway only is used ...... 5$d. 3$d. per ton. 4-d. 4>$d. per ton. 4fc?. 5\d. ,, 3f d. per ton. 4-^d. 4fc?. 4,%d. 5d. per ton. 272 DOCK AND WATERSIDE LABOUR. SAILING VESSELS cont. 2 Deck Vessels:- When three or more hatchways are used ... 5Jd. per ton. two hatchways are used 5|d. ,, one hatchway only is used 6$d. 3 Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used ... 5fd. per ton. two hatchways are used 6$d. one hatchway only is used id. 3i Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used . . . 6$d. per ton. two hatchways are used 6fc?. one hatchway only is used 7%d. 4 Deck Vessels: When three or more hatchways are used ... 6 fd. per ton. two hatchways are used 1\d. ,, one hatchway only is used 8rf. All decks to count, whether the hatchways are cased round or not. Small coal to pay the same as large. The following particulars apply to both steam and sailing vessels : SCREENING. 7\d. per ton on the quantity of small coal landed. COKE TARIFF. For vessels under 1,000 tons burthen: 1 deck 7|c?. per ton. 1*. 8tf. For vessels over 1,000 tons burthen : 1 deck .................. 8fd. per ton. H, ...................... W. 2 ..................... 9d. 3 This coke tariJff applies to vessels capable of carrying 1,000 tons of coal or other cargo, and not to the actual amount of coke shipped. All decks to count, whether the hatchways are cased round or not. All available hatches, both in sailing vessels and steamers, to be used. VESSELS PARTLY LOADED. When a vessel is partly loaded with coals and the coals have to be levelled throughout in order to take in coke or other cargo, 3d. per ton for levelling must be paid on one-third of the whole quantity shipped in addition to the tariff; but if a small quantity only has to be levelled, 3d. per ton must be paid on the quantity so levelled. All coals on board as cargo, in steam and sailing vessels coming into port, to pay the same rate as above tariff. All vessels having on board iron, fuel, or any other goods as part cargo, to pay \\d. per ton in addition to the tariff for all coals taken on board, but only in case the iron, fuel, and other goods exceed one-third of the cargo. All vessels having bulkheads, either temporary or stationary, causing extra labour, to pay %d . per ton extra for all cargo going in the end of such vessels where such bulkhead is situated. LEAVING OFF WORK. All work to cease at 5 p.m. on Saturdays, but if the vessel can be finished by 11 p.m. this to be done, but nothing to be started after 5 p.m. All work to re-commence at 7 a.m. on Mondays. All extra work not included in this tariff to be paid for by agreement as may be decided by the Conciliation Committee. CARDIFF STEVEDORES 1 LIST. 278 SELF-TRIMMING STEAMERS. The prices paid for tipping in self-trimming steamers depend on the size and shape of the steamer, and the printed list enumerates all the steamers with " self -trimmers," giving a special price for each. The prices paid go solely to the tippers, who work in gangs of about 10, and do not include any charge for gear, &c. An overtime rate is in force, as in the case of the previous list. Rates for new self-trimming steamers are in general fixed by a joint committee of the employers and men. The following extract from the list will be 'sufficient to show its general character: d. Advance . . . Alassio ... Ambient ... Alice Depeaux Ashdene ... Allendale... 10 10 8 7 6 bunkers included. and full bunker price. bunkers included. and side bunkers to be paid for. 3 and full bunker price (7-fr/.). 500 bunkers included. It will be seen that the lump-price includes the filling of bunkers in some cases, but not in others where the full tonnage rate for bunkers (see previous list) is to be added. Stevedores at Cardiff. The following is a summary of the piece rates agreed upon at Cardiff in 1897 for stevedores, following on a dispute which occurred in that year, the number of men constituting a gang being given in the second column. The agreement is signed on behalf of the Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labourers' Union, as representing the stevedores' men, and by the master stevedores. The standard referred to is 165 cubic feet, and the load 50 cubic feet: Number of men in a gang. 1. Steamers discharging deals 6 5 l.s-. 10c/. per standard. 3. Sailing ships discharging deals without the use of ports. 4. Sailing ships discharging deals with the use of ports. 5. Steamers discharging sleepers 6. Steamers discharging lath wood 6 5 5 2.s\ 9tf. per standard. 2.s". 3tf. per standard. lid per load per man. (3.s-. Qd. per fathom 1 dumped ashore, l fw.- per fathom to be V fathomed on deck. Overtime at the rate of Qd. per hour until 10 p.m., after 10 p.m. os. per night each man. General Dock Labour Swansea. The scale of piece prices for unloading various classes of goods in force in Swansea was agreed to by representative employers and em- ployed in June, 1890. The following extracts will give an idea of the principal features of the scale. It will be seen that the overtime arrangements are similar to those in force in the c^al department si Newport. 30321 S 274 DOCK AND WATERSIDE LABOUR. PIG IKON, IRON ORE, &c.* iron ore, 3%d. per ton. Pig iron, tin plate bars and blooms, 3d. per ton. Rails, old or new; iron, old or new (discharging or loading); scrap iron; ends of rails, and sulphur, Qd. per ton. Lacalle (rough or fine), and pyrites, 4c?. per ton. Bunker coal from truck to ship, 6d. per ton. Calamine in barges, o%d. per ton ; in ships for six men, 3d. Pitwood, slinging in the hold, 6d. per ton; bunkers and alleyways, Is. per ton; stowing in trucks, 2%d. per ton. Potsherds and flue dust, 4-%d. per ton. Loading rails or tin plate bars, by hand, Is. per ton. Bunker hatches with any kind of ore, 3d. per ton extra. If required to come out to meet a' ship and she does not turn up, 2s. per man. Tin-plate bars dumped in, 6d. per ton. Clay (Belgium) or fireclay, 4cf. per ton. Ballast kilson ship, Id. per ton extra, with over one kilson. Pig lead, 4c?. per ton. If waiting for trucks or any other cause by night, each man to be paid 6d. per hour. If required to work after 4 o'clock on Saturdays, la. per hour per man. With Hydraulic Crane. Stowing tinplates Rate of Wages. Per Ton. With no responsibility of breakage. Stowing iron (old or new) ... ... ... ... ... ... 6d. Stowing bricks (loose) ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60? . Discharging London and other boats (board and shore) to enable us to work two additional men ... ... ... ... ... ... Sd. All other cargoes not above mentioned and worked by crane 4d. Steam Winch or Crane over side. When we have nothing to do with lighter 7$d. Handing copper from the side 3fe?. If required to be trimmed ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2d. Discharging arsenic from rail of vessel to wharf... ... ... ... 3d. Discharging " Batoum cargoes," consisting of oil, pitch, ore, &c., (board and shore) Is. 2d. Overtime. From 6.0 p.m. to 8.0 p.m Is. per man extra. From 6.0 p.m. to 10.0 p.m 2s. If required to work all night 3s. If required to work after 4.0 p.m. on Saturday Is. per hour per man extra. The day to commence at 6.0 p.m. and terminate at 6.0 p.m., with the exception of Saturday, which will terminate at 4.0 p.m. COPPER AND SILVER ORE DEPARTMENT. Rate of Wages Per Man. Discharging all kinds of copper or silver ores l\d. per ton. copper precipitate ... ... ... ... ... l^d. ,, sulphur ore calamine (burnt) (raw) copper bars brimstone * Employees harbour trust contractor. SWANSEA BOOK LABOURERS' LIST. 275 COPPEB AND SILVER ORE DEPARTMENT r.unt. Rate of Wages per Man. Weighing off copper or silver ores ............ id. per 20 cwt. copper precipitate ............... Id. per ton. calamine (burnt) ............... I%d. (raw) .................. l$d. copper bars .................. \\d. Loading copper bars (six men to be employed) ......... Id. Crushing copper and silver ores (men to be employed) ...... Id. Discharging nitrate of soda ............... l$d. saltpetre ..................... l$d. s. d. Cutting piles of copper or silver ores (six men to be employed) per ton. If required to be closed .................. 0$ Sampling copper ore .................. 1 per lot.* silver ore ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 copper matter .................. 2 Turning silver ore ..................... 2 per ton. BOABD WORK. Rate of Wages. Stowing tinplates ......... ...... 3frf. with no responsibility. iron (old and new) ..................... 6d. bricks ... ...... ...... ... .'.. ... ... 6d. Steam winch work, board and shore, or out of lighters ........................... lOd. The day to commence at 6.0 a.m. and terminate at 6.0 p.m., with the exception of Saturday, which will terminate at 4.0 p.m. DEAL CABEIEBS. List of Prices Paid for carrying Deals, Flooring Hoards, #c. Day work rate, 7s. per day. All overtime to be paid at the rate of Is. per hour. Hours of working, 6.0 a.m. to 5.0 p.m., and 1.0 p.m. Saturdays. Rate. For spruce deals received from ships' side and assorted on yard, per s. d. standard ........................... 3 For spruce deals loaded into carts, and stacked on yard, per standard 3 6 For birch planking received from ships' side and assorted on yard, per standard ........................ 3 9 For flooring boards loaded into carts, and assorted in sheds, per standard ... ... .- ... ... ... 4 6 BATTENS. Under 2 inches to be paid at the rate of flooring boards. BASKET AND CHAIR MAKING. Piece lists for basket and chair maiking exist in one or two centres. The list in the London district is the result of a revision of the pre- vious list of 1877, undertaken by a Committee of the London Union of Journeymen Basket Makers, and accepted by a General Meeting on June 8th, 1896. Several additional lists for various sections of the trade had been in operation concurrently with the list of 1877, and the new list which takes these into account is of considerably greater bulk. The revised list is stated to have been generally accepted and to be in operation in the majority of London shops. It makes up a * Said to be about i-cwt. 30321 S 2 276 BASKET MAKING TRADE. book of 144 pages. The system on which the list is made up is illus- trated by the tables given below, which show the prices for some of the more important classes manufactured in London. Of other lists in operation, that at Birmingham is the most important known to the department. It is similar in construction to the London list, and has been in operation for the last twenty years. In April, 1899, it was revised, the alterations made being stated to have resulted in an advance of 10 per cent, in the earnings of those paid by it. The first three columns of the first list give the dimensions in inches of the length and width of the bottom and the depth, the next two columns give the number of sticks in the bottom and cover, and the next two columns the number of stakes or upright rods in the side and ends. The word " rand " is applied to a certain special kind of stroke in weaving close basket work, the corresponding term for open basket work being " fitch." The " up-set " is the first round worked in making the side of a basket after fixing the " stakes " or upright rods into the bottom. It is so called from the fact that it serves to set up the stakes in their proper positions. " Waling " is a term applied to a ridge formed by working three or more rods alternately. The letters L, W, and D mean length, width, and depth, and the letters B and C bottom and cover respectively, whilst S and E stand for side and end. London Basket Makers. Travellers' Hampers (Fine Randed). Inches. Sticks. Stakes. No. of inches in Basket. Price. Price per foot. LB W WB 17 D 17 r 12 c 11 S E 17 10 60 s d. 8 si x. d. 6 28 29 *32 *36 t36 18 19 S 22 18 19 12 13 26 13 13 14 16 16 12 12 14 12 14 18 11 18 11 20 13 22 13 22 14 64 9 3 67 10 0* 67 9 4| 69 10 1| 84 15 10 7 7 8 9 9 * Under depth, deduct fd. per inch for each inch less in depth than width of bottom. Over depth, add Id. per inch for each inch more in depth than width of bottom. Seven rounds of upsetting to all sizes; one centre wale, rope handle at each end, tops of randing inside, bottoms made short way, two rounds of top rating, two strap holes in front, one hasp and noose, not footed- pe Shoulder. To Neck. Foot- ing Cane Foot- ing. Tap Holes. Half One Two Three Four Five Six i 4; 4; 4i 4 5; 5; 5 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 8. d. (1 34 3i 4 4| it r>: 6 64 8 9 10 1 o x. d. 5 5 o 54 64 71 8 :) o 104 1 1 1 1 3 d. 1 |i M 1 d, 1 !' i. > 1 3; 3< ! % :? Eight Nine Ten & 5. 5j Two rounds of upsetting all sizes. The half, one, two, and three gallons, with one single rod handle ; all larger sizes to have one double rod handle. Bottles, with hawllos cased up to the neck, to be one penny more than tlii above prices. 278 BASKET MAKING TRAD 15. If cased fine or strong, to be paid for extra. Cane bottoms to sizes less than three gallons the same price as rod bottoms. Cane bottoms to the three and four gallons, one farthing each extra; all larger sizes, one halfpenny each extra. Capsule 'Nose Bottles, threepence per dozen extra. Cutting off old cases, sixpence per dozen. The three following Tables relate to baskets used by markets gardeners. With regard to the first tables (for cabbage crates), the following explanations are required : The letters L, B, &c., have the same meaning as in the first table, and the letter T stands for top. " Layers " are rods put across bottom crosswise. The column headed " open at end " gives the number of rods at the ends of the bottom which are opened out so as to make the rounded oval ends. A " bye- stake" is a stake inserted between two stakes but not fixed in the bottom. A "bye-stick" is the same with the exception that it is stouter (a two-yearling red or split hazel stick). Gardeners' Work Oval. CABBAGE CRATE (THREE FITCHES). Inches. Layers. Open at End. Stakes. Pairs. Price. LB WB LT WT Deep B *. d. 25 18 37 '26 28* 4 3 16 2 1 Six rounds of upsetting, no wale on the first fitch, a wale on second fitch, five rounds of top waling, with two single-stakes at each side, full bye-staked at the sides, half bye-staked at the ends, four handles on border, footed. If made with two fitches, with seven inches of slewing on the first fitch, and a wale on the slewing, price 2s. IQd. Cabbage Crates made with slewed bottoms, one penny less. Extra for wale on foot, or wale extra on fitch, one penny. LIGHT CABBAGE CRATE (TWO PITCHES). j. aches. Layers. Open at End. Stakes. Pairs. Price. LB WB LT WT Deep. B $ d. 26 17 36 24 30 4 2 1-i 2 5 28 18 36 25 32 4 2 14 2 6 Six rounds of upsetting, seven inches of slewing on the first fitch, a wale on the slewing, four rounds of top waling. Slewed bottoms, six bands on the bottom and eight on the border, 15 bye-sticks. The bye-sticks to be cut off at the first round of top waling. If with bye- sticks waled up into the full depth, one penny each basket extra. The next table gives prices for " loads," i.e., baskets sent to market with produce. "Load," "bean-load," " 2-sieve load," "half-load," are all terms used in the trade for various sizes of baskets. LONDON BASKET MAKERS' LIST. LOADS (BROWN OB WHITE). - Inches. Layers Open. Stakes Pairs. Price. Basket. Cover. Load Bean .. Two-Sieve .. Half LB 224 21 17 18 WB i? s 13A ,4 LT 30 27 21 244 WT 26 224 18 214 Deep. S E 16 15 144 134 11 94 12 104 B & c 3 3 3 3 B C 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 15 15 14 15 -t. d. 2 3 2 1 4 1 7 rf. 10 9 6 74 Three rounds of upsetting, six bands on the bottom, four handles on the border; all covers to be bordered and to have four bands. Cane load and cane bean load, threepence each extra. Cane two sieve and cane half load, twopence each extra. Cane stakes, if lined: load and bean load, threepence; two sieve and half load, twopence each extra. Cane stakes, if not lined: loads, twopence; half loads, one penny each extra. Slewed with rand on top. The following table gives prices for "sieves," i.e., fruit baskets holding a bushel. The list of various kinds and sizes of baskets is for the most part simple. A " league " is a rod of which one end forms a " stick " in the bottom and which is bent up so as also to form a " stake " in the side. A " strike half sieve " means a basket which holds half a sieve (or bushel) when the top of the fruit is flat and not piled up. Gardeners' Work. Round. SIEVES (SLEWED WHITE OR BROWN). Inches. Stakes Pairs. Price. Bushel Sieves Ordinary Bushel WB 174 174 174 174 174 19 15 15 15 15 15 14 IP 12 12 12 12 12 WT 174 174 174 17. 174 19 15 15 15 15 15 14 ill 12 12 12 " 1 ft 11 11 11 11 11 8 9 8 8 8 9 7 7 8 6 ? 3 44 *i B 6 B ti- ll ft ft 6 6 r 6 6 6 6 6 (i 6 6 6 5 1 } E ! 12* 12^ 1 , 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 11 Ui 11 11, 11, 11 11 11, 11 11 11 11 d. 9 84 94 10 10 10 1 8 7 6 f, ? 7 44 44 54 44 Ditto, Slewed Bottom Ditto, Cane without bands Ditto, Cane with Leagues . . . . Fiver Bushel Large Bushel . . . . . . . . . - . . Currant Sieves Ordinary Currant Sieve Deep Slewed Bottom Cane, without Bands Cane, with Leagxies Small Sieves- Cherry Half Sieve Strike Plum Bellied Bellied Half Sieve Ditto, Deep Ditto, Rimmed (Peck) Quarter Sieve .. .. .. .. .. Ditto Deep Ditto, Rimmed . . Show Punnet With two rounds of upsetting to all sizes. We now come to a scale for " Partition " work, i.e., baskets witn partitions inside to hold bottles. Partition bands are bands to keep the partitions in their places. A basket with " corner sticks " is A basket with square instead of blunt corners. 280 BASKET MAKING TRADE. Partition Work. PORTER BASKETS (QUARTS). Four Inch Holes. Price. Q-*--i/i1* Jnc'nes otK'K.S. Stakes. Open. Pftv , tW i |For an extra Coveiedj incn deep> Holes. LB WE Deep. Open. Covered. B C Deep. S E s. d. *. d. d. 4 9 1) s 5 - 6 6 1 10 6 134 8 4 13 5 6 6 10 2 6 4 2 1 8 18 . 8 3 5 6 12 3 Open 12 .18 13J 6i 13 6 8 8 12 3 6 f> 3 2 Covered 8 11 18 27 ISi 7 6 8 14 4 3 24 27 18 7 13 8 10 10 14 5 3 8 6 3 3H 27 27 7 13 10 12 14 14 7 10 6 4 The 4, 6, 8, 12, and 18 holes, four rounds of upsetting. The 24 and 36 holes, six rounds of upsetting, and two hand-holes at each side on upset. Hand-holes under border, footed, without cover bands, wale on top. Extra for lapped handles, 4 and 6 hole, one penny; larger sizes, twopence. Extra for corner sticks shallow work, threepence; deep work, sixpence. Side handles, one penny each extra, on new work only. No. of Bands on Partitions, Shallow .Baskets. 4 holes, two; 6 holes, six; 8 holes, six; 12 holes, eight; 18 and 24 holes, ten ; 36 holes, twelve. No. of Bands on Partitions, Deep Baskets, Covered. 6 and 12 holes, four; 24 holes, four; 36 holes, six. (To Porter and Wine Baskets.) Price extra for Cane Partition Baskets. 6 holes, twopence; 12 holes, threepence; 24 holes, sixpence. WINE BASKETS (REPUTED QUARTS). Three and a Half Inch Holes, Covered. Inches. Sticks. Holes LB WB Deep B 6 13. & 7i 13 5 12 16 12 13 6 24 24 16 13 1 7 S E 8 6 10 8 14 10. Price. 6 and 12 hole, four rounds of upsetting; 24 hole, six rounds. 24 hole to have two hand-holes on the upsett, footed. If made with holes larger than three and a half inches, to be paid for as four inch holes. For an extra deep partition, threepence extra. All the foregoing baskets are to be made close randed. The following scale for wine hampers contains some terms not used above. A " slath-rod " is a rod laid lengthwise to hold the bottom sticks together. Lgs. = leagues. The last column but one gives the number of slews in the belly (or basket without its cover) and the cover respectively. In the note appended to the table, "half, one, and one-and-arhalf re abbreviated expressions for baskets holding half-a-dozen, one LONDON BASKET MAKERS' LIST. BRUSH MAKING. 281 dozen, &c. " Pairing off " and " tracking " are terms applied to two methods of finishing off the edge of the cover, by two rods or by a plaited structure respectively. Brown Work. Oval. WINE HAMPERS. No. of Bottles. Inches. Ls. in B. Sticks in C. Stakes Btoth Hods No. No. of Slews. Price. LB i WB LT Deep No. No. Pairs. ii B O i 1 4 13; 4 8 6* 2 4 4d. Ditto for Hoek . . 4 15 4 8 81 ti.\ 2 4 4Jd. 2 13* 8 13 4 6 6 8* 4 4 4rl. Ditto Deep.. 13* 4 8 6 gi 2 4 Ditto for Hock 15* 8 15 4 6 6 8* 4 4 4id. 3 1 OT 8 7 6 6 Ql 4 4 4*d Ditto for Hock 15* 8 15 7 6 6 8* 4 4 5d. Champagne 8 15 7 6 6 4 4 4fd. i-Dozen 11 7 14 9 6 6 85 4 4 5d 4 Ditto for Hock i 8 8 ]4 15J 8 8 6 6 6 6 81 4 4 4 4 5d! Champagne 14,1 8 15; 8 G 6 H 4 4 5d. 6 Ditto 13g 18 m 6 6 8* 4 6 64 6d 9 Hi i 19 134 a 6 8i 4 6 6 4 7d. 1 Dozen 151 13 J 6 6 yj 4 6 6 4 U 18 22* 14ft 6 6 l| 4 8 7 4 9d 2 i : : sfl ; :: With four pa 37 dr.s of 1 18 aagues 6 6 6 6 lOi 4 8 4 8 7 4 8 5 Kid! lid. 2* With a wale Is 3 294 18 8 7 10? 4 8 8 5 Is. id. 4 n 23| 30A 19 8 7 4 8 8 5 Is. 2d. 4 ., 31* 201 8 7 loi 4 8 9 5 Is. 3d. 5 ., 37 33? 221 8 7 lOi 4 8 9 6 ls.6d 6 29^ 3ft 242 8 7 lOi 4 8 9 6 Is. 9d. One round of upsetting, slewed throughout. All sizes less than half dozen, without cover bands. The half, one, and one and a half, one cover hand, if paired off. Larger sizes with two cover bands, if paired off. If tracked or bordered, without cover bands. The six dozen, with double handles; all smaller sizes, single handles. Double handles to the five dozen, one penny extra. All covers, larger than one dozen, tied on with two ties. One dozen and all smaller sizes tied on, with one single rod handle. Additional cover bands, fivepence per dozen. Extra for randed covers five and six dozen, twopence ; four three and two dozen, three-halfpence ; all smaller sizes, one penny each. BRUSH MAKING. Brush making is essentially a piece trade. Lists of piece prices are jn use in the principal centres of the industry, the chief of which is London. The trade includes distinct branches, and most of them arc carried on in separate factories. These branches are known as ivory, bone (or tooth), toilet, household, painters, and wire or flue brushes or brooms (pan or set work), each being supplied with prepared materials for manufacture by a special branch of bristle dressing known as " hairs." The London list of prices for " pan " and " hair " work, which may ba taken as typical, though the rates paid vary in different districts, was agreed upon between the Associated Masters and the United Society of Brushmakers in 1872, and since that time little or no alteration has 282 BRUSH MAKING TRADE). been made in it. Where alterations or modifications have become necessary, owing to changes in fashion or other causes, they have been made in the particular locality or shop affected. The price list prt> vides for two branches, namely, " pan " work and " hair " work. The former derives its name from the fact that the workpeople, usually six in number, sit round a pan of hot pitch, into which they dip the " knots " or whisks of hair or fibre before inserting them into holes which have been previously made in the stock of a brush or broom. The "hair" branch, as its name indicates, is a term applied to the various processes used in manipulating the hair, bristles, or fibre. A separate list of prices for making painting brushes was agreed upon between the Master Brushmakers' Association and the Painting Brushmakers' Provident Society, in January, 1891. The section jf this list giving the prices for sash tools was revised in January, 1894, the new list coming into operation in July, 1894. A list of prices for fashioning tooth brushes was agreed upon be- tween the Associated Masters and the Bone Brushmakers' Trade Society, in August, 1890. A majority of shops; conceded a rise of 6d. per gross on these prices after a dispute of six months' duration during the winter of 1898-99. " Pan " work, " hair " work, paint brush making, broom making, and tooth brush fashioning are carried out by men.* A seven years' apprenticeship obtains in all the branches except the last, in which case it is for a shorter period. "Drawn" work is now done almost ex- clusively by women, and is not regulated by any general scale. Broom making is generally done by men, though sometimes by women. With reference to earnings, it is stated that those of the London men, who are employed in accordance with the scale for pan and hair work, average about 34s. a week when fully employed. About 380 men are said to be working to the list. Those employed in making painting brushes earn more than the sum named. The following prices taken from the London list will, it is con- sidered, give a fair idea of the rates paid in the trade for " pan " and "hair" work: - London Brushmakers' List. PAN WORK. tKnots per Penny Brooms with stocks up to 11 ins. long, inclusive ............ 19 Do. do. 11$ to 13$ ins ................ 18 Do. do. 14tol6ins ................ 16 Do. do. 16$ to 20 ins ................ 14 Do. do. 20$ to 24 ins ................ 12 Do. do. All above 24 ins ............. 10 Dutch brooms ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Winging brooms ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 Turk's head and wall brooms made in a similar style ......... 10 Bannisters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 Common dust ........................... 20 Beech do ............................ 18 Bannisters and dust, with handles 20 ins. and above ... ... .- 16 * Women are sometimes employed on pan t Bunches of hair or bristle inserted in holes in the stock. LONDON BRUSHMAKERS* LIST. 283 PAN WORK cunt. * Knots per Penny Carpet brooms and bannisters, tops cut ... ... ... ... ... 12 Do. do. no tops cut ... ... ... ... ... 13 Common black hearth ........................ 14 Gilt and fancy hearth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 Crutch hearth ........................... 18 Bell picture dust ........................... 12 Toy do ............................ 10 Toilet bannisters ........................... 10 Bed brooms ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... 9 Water-closet brushes set with hair, bass, fibre, or whisk ........ 9 Set spoke .............................. 10 Gun brushes, up to 9-in. stock, hair ...... . ............ 10 Do. above 9-in stock, hair ... ... ... ... ... ... y Paper hangers or flatteners ... ... ... . . ... ... ... 12 Paper stainers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 Satin stainers ........................... 5 Cylinders, cut off ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 10 Do. not cut off ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... 12 Seed brushes ........................... 12 Set cloth .............................. 12 Do. reached face ........................ 10 Boat brushes, round face ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 Do. flat face ......................... 14 brooms, under f -in. hole ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 15 Do. f-in. hole and over .................. 13 Middles and outsides each to be charged according to the size of the hole. Bass bannisters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 14 Do. do. cut off ..................... 12 Bass hearth ........................... 10 Whisk work, including cutting of whisk ............... 10 Do. excluding ditto ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 Whisk toilet work ........................ 8 Cocoa fibre brooms and bannisters ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 Mexican fibre brooms and bannisters, not cut off ... ... ...^ ... 17 Do. do. for Dutch brooms ... ... 15 Tiering brushes ........................... 11 Stipplers' do. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 Whalebone brooms and bannisters .................. 12 Sweeps' machine heads ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 Telescope hearth, up to 27 knots, 3d. each brush; over 27 knots, 4c?. each, if not fitted up. Per doz. 8. d. Set pastry ........................... 6 Socket do ............................... 9 do. pointed up ..................... extra 3 Dutching stocks ........................... 4 Half do. do ............................ 2 Brooms and bannisters, japanned ... ... ... ... ... extra 3 Double bannisters ... ... ... ... ... ...... 06 All odd brushes up to ^ dozen to be charged extra, $d. each. HAIRS. Rough hairs, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. dressed do. do. do. do. do. to 2f ins. 3 ins. 3} ins. 3* or 3f 4 or 4 in 44 or 4f Per doz. Ibs. S. d. 5 4 3 ... 39 ins 3 3 s. ... ins 3 2 9 Bundles of hair or bristle- inserted in holes in the stock. BRUSH MAKING TRADE. HAIRS cotit. Per doz. Ibs Rough hairs, dressed to 5 ins ............ .......... 2 6 Do. do. above 5 ins ................... 2 1 All sizes not mixed up ... ... ... ... ... ... . less 3 Sorting ... ........................ extra 4 * Jumping dressed hairs, 3^ ins. ... ... ... . ... ...20 Do. do. 4 ins ................... 1 9 Do. do. 4 ins ................... 1 6 Do. do. 5 ins. and above ... ... ... ... ... 1 4 fDragging one size to be the same price as jumping. Mixing the sizes of the above to be the same price as jumping. Dragging two or more sizes to be the same price as rough hairs. Jumping rough hairs, 3 to 3f ins ................... 3 Do. do. 4 ins. .................. 2 6 Do. do. 4 and 4 ins. . .............. 2 3 Do. do. above 4^ ins. ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 Short seconds, Dons, American ... ... ... ... "j Common Leek Do. Polish Do. Elbin o . - Do. Hambro' ... Do. Moldavian Do. German ... Do. Silesian ... ... ... ... ... ... ... j . . extra U 3 All hairs upon which the extra is charged, that shall be given out to mix with other hairs, shall be charged the extra on job. Mixing dressed hairs, one colour, 3^ and 3f ins. ... ... . ... 2 3 Do. do. 4 and 4 ins ............. 2 Do. do. 4 and 4f ins ............ 19 Do. do. 5 ins. and above ............ 1 6 Two or more distinct colours ... ... ... ... ... ... extra 3 Mixing short tops with dressed hairs, 3 ins. ............ 40 Do. do. 3 ins. ............ 3 6 Do. do. 3 to 3f ins. ......... 3 Do. do. 4 to 4i ins ............ 2 3 Do. do. above 4^ ins. ... ... ... 2 6 Mixing even tops with dressed hairs, 3 in. tops, 3 in. hair ... Do. do. 3 in. tops, 4 in. hair ... ... 2 6 Do. do. 3 in. tops, 4 in. hair, and above 2 Mixing tops with rough hairs, extra to above prices ......... 9 Mixing dressed hairs with drafts J and riflings ,3 ins .......... 3 9 Do. do. 3} ins .......... 3 3 Do. do. 3 to 3f ins ....... 2 9 Do. do. 4 to 4$ ins ....... 2 6 Do. do. 4i ins .......... Do. do. above 4 ins ....... 2 Riflings and drafts, % mixed together, to be charged more than rough hairs ........................... extra 3 Mixing drafts and riflings, either or both, with rough hairs to be charged the same price as rough hair dressing. Mixing kittool, Mexican fibre or bone with rough hair to be charged extra :* Mixing kittool, Mexican fibre, or bone with dressed hair, 3 ins ....... 4 s Do. do. do. 3i ins. ... 3 6 Do. do. do. 3 to 3f ins. ... 3 Do. do. do. 4 to 4i ins. ... 2 9 Do. do. do. 4 ins. ! 6 Do. do. do. above 4 ins. 2 3 * Extracting the short hairs by means of knocking the right hand on the left wrist and tExtractfng the short hairs by means of dragging or pulling them out and arranging them according to lengths, t Horsehair drawn into lengths and straightened. * Waste hairs from the floor, &e. LONDON BBUSHMAKERS' LIST. 285 HAIRS- cont. Per (lOZ. 11)S. 5. rf. Toppings, 5 ins. and above I 9 Taking turned hairs out of painters ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 Do. do. if riflings are put in, 2d. per Ib. on all put into the job. Turning riflings, 3 ins. ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 50 Do. 4 ins. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 Do. 4 ins. or above ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 6 Cutting back hairs to work into your job 06 Mixing Mexican fibre drafted 5 ins. and above ... ... 2 6 Do. do. rough ... ... ... ... ... 3 Do. two colours to make grey ... ... ... extra 3 Fine bone, kittool, bass, and Mexican fibre shaken up, 3 ins. ... ... 4 Do. do. do. 3ins 3 6 Do. do. do. 4 ins. ... ... 3 Mixing drafts and Mexican fibre together, extra on prices for rough hair dressing ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 Hairs sorted and returned, 4 ins. or under 1 Do. do. 4 ins. or above ... ... ... ... 9 Used hairs given out to mix with other hairs to be charged extra on all that are put into the job, 3 to 4 ins 1 6 Used hairs given out to mix with other hairs to be charged extra on all that are put into the job, 4 ins. and above ... ... ... ... 1 Roughing and returning used hairs, 3^ to 4 ins. ... ... ... ... 2 6 Do. do. 4i ins. and above 2 Memel resiny, roughed, to mix with other hairs ... ... ... ... 2 3 Polish do. do. do. 4 ins. and under ... 1 6 Do. do. do. do. over 4 ins. ... 1 Engining shoe hairs, 5 ins. and above, 1 or 2 engines ... ... ... 1 9 Do. do. 3 engines 2 Do. do. 4 engines 2 3 Do. do. 5 engines 2 6 Do. do. 6 engines 2 9 All hairs given out to engine for shoe through 4 engines, and the shoe to be re-engined ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4 3 Engining, 1 or 2 engines, 5 ins 1 9 Do. do. 4J ins 2 Do. do. 4 ins 2 6 Re-engining shoe hairs ... ... ... ... ... ... ...30 All hairs that require roughing for engining 9 Shoe hairs, mixing and knotting, 1 ounce ... ... ... ... ... 3 Do. do. ounce 4 6 Do. do. if grey is added ... ... ... extra 3 Mixing shoe hairs 16 Getting up riflings, 3 ins. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6 Do. 4 ins 5 6 Do. 4 ins. and above ... ... ... ... ... 4 6 Do. Short stuff, 3 ins 7 Do. Do. 3 ins. 6 Cocoa fibre to mix with hair or other material, 4 ins. and above, extra 1 Cocoa fibre to mix with hair or other material, under 4 ins. ... extra 1 3 Fine French whisk dragged to 4 ins. 60 Common French whisk cut and dressed, 3 ins. ... ... ... ... 8 Do. do. 4" ins 7 Do. do. 4 ins. and above 6 Do. cut and combed ... ... ... ... ... 4 Combing and tying up tops, 3^ ins. and under ... ... ... ... 2 Do. do. " all above 3 ins 1 6 Cutting drafts, Mexican fibre or kittool ... ... ... ... ... # Do. cocoa fibre 04 Pointing hairs ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Do. and steaming hairs ... ... ... ... ... 1 3 Mixing French or Danish hairs with other hairs, to be charged extra... 6 First sort Siberias to be considered ns dressed hairs. 286 BRUSH MAKING TRADE. List of Prices for Painting: Brushes. Ground Brushes. Ground Brushes cont. Extra Price per dozen. If made oval : s. d. Sizes 10/0 to 1/0 6 Sizes below I/O 4 Duftters. Size. Weight. Price per Gross. lO'O 8/0 6/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 I'O 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 ozs. 7| f: oi 5 ,: p: I* 2J If it 1 s. d. 39 18 17 IB 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 Size. Price per gross. 10/0 8/0 6/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 1/0 2 3 . 4 5 6 7 s. d. 13 12 11 10 9 9 8 6 8 7 6 7 6 6 6 5 6 f> The above charges are exclusive of finishing, but include hair through metal ferrule or ring. Two-knot Copper-bound Ground Distemper. Weight. Price per Dozen. Weight. Price per Dozen. 12 ozs. . 11 , 10 . 8" *, d. 3 6 3 4 3 2 3 1 3 2 11 2 10 2 9 4 ozs. ?: 1 s ;; i 4 :; >-. d. I 11 10 9 . 8 6 6 I- ' 5 . One-knot Cop per -'bound Ground Distemper cont. String-bound, 84. per dozen less. The intermediate i oz. weights shall be charged as the weight above. One-knot Copper-hound Ground Distemper. Price per Dozen. s. d. Bevelling : 8 ozs. to 3i ozs. ... extra 1 () 3 ozs. to 2^ ... 9 2 ozs. to H .'. ... 06 Below 1 ozs. ... 04 If bevelled on the flag in a mould, 3d. per dozen extra. Bridling, 6d. per dozen extra. Weight. Price per Dozen. 8 ozs 7 *. d. 2 4 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 ?: :: :: :: : 5 .. .. GLASGOW BBUSHMAKEBS' LIST. 287 LIST OF PRICES FOB PAINTING BRUSHES continued. Sash Tools. Socket Sash Tools. 0,1 San 5 6 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 and 2 d4 Size . Price per Gross. Size. Price per Gross. s. d. 1 8 9 10 11 18 1 15 17 19 22 24 29 32 35 38 1 2 3 1 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 s. d. 6 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 17 19 21 26 , .. . Finishing extra. List of Prices for Fashioning 1 Tooth Brush Stocks.* Description. Child's 3-row and Ladies'. 4-row. 5-row. Common Regulars Corners Pierreponts Common .. Regulars Extras Corners Extra . . Corners Regular Pierreponts Profiled (i.e., carved out by machinery). per gross. X. (/. 5 5 6 6 6 per gross, x. d. 5 6 6 6 7 8 per gross, s. d. 5 9 6 6 8 9 per gross. s. d. 9 10 12 By hand. 6 7 7 6 6 8 6 6 8 3 9 3 9 9 8 9 11 6 9 8 3 9 3 10 9 9 9 12 10 9 11 9 12 9 11 9 15 Glasgow Brushmakers' List. In 1896 a revised list of prices was agreed to between the Associated Brush Manufacturers and Journeymen of Glasgow, displacing the list agreed upon in 1890. The list provides for five branches of work, viz., dressing, pan work, drawing, finishing, and miscellaneous. * In March, 1899, an advance of 6d. per gross was generally agreed to on all classes of this description of work. This amount, therefore, should be added to each item in the above table. 288 BRUSH MAKING TRADE. No uniform list for finishing was in existence prior to 1896. The following extract gives the prices for one section of the pan work : PAN WORK HAIR. Knots per Penny. Hearths, brooms, and bannisters 19 Common japanned liearths and bannisters 19 All gilt and toy work ... ... ... ... ., ... ... ... 18 Bell and slipper dusters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 Curtain dusters 20 Do. bannisters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 Fly bannisters 19 Moulders' hearth, with or without handle ... ... ... ... ... 19 Double bannisters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 Carpet, hearths, brooms, and bannisters .. ... ... ... ... 19 Jamb brushes 23 White-wash 23 Tearers 23 Weavers 23 Irish weavers 25 Cloth 20 Spoke 17 Turks' heads 18 W.-C. brushes 15 Carriage wash, cut down ... 19 trimmed 20 Bent furniture 18 Pointed or button furniture ... 16 Deck or paint scrubbers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 Venetian blind ... ... ... .. ... . . ... ... ... 18 Platform brooms ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 Window wash ... 20 Round paper stainers ... ... ... ... . ... ... ... 18 Flat paper stainers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 Damping cylinders ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.0 If knots are nailed by the man, 3d. per Is. extra. Wheel brushes, new 18 Do. old, when pulled out by the man ... ... ... ... 18 Sloped work 18 Copper rollers, new 20 Do. old, when pulled out by the man ... ... ... 18 Cleaning copper rollers, 6d. each. Cutting copper rollers, all kinds, Is. each. Dressing cylinders, new ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 Do. do. when pulled out by the man ... ... ... 18 Spiral do. new ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 18 Do. do. when pulled out by the man ... ... ... ... 16 Card, reed, and roll 22 Strips and clearers .. 22 Flax mill strips 22 Stereotype brushes 18 Hat brushes 18 Do. dumb-bell shaped ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Seed brushes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 Painters', potters', and glaziers' dusters ... ... ... ... ... 20 Round lead 20 Colliers' lamp, half round 16 ,, round 16 Jug brushes 16 Paper hangers' 18 Do. cut 18 Billposters' brushes ... 18 Thread rollers 20 when pulled out by the man .. .. r ., 20 GLASGOW BRUSHMAKERS' LIST. '289 PAN WORK. HAIR font. Knots per Penny. Mill and bakers' bannisters ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 Sweeps' following ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 Carpet sweepers, re-filling, Wd. each brush. Wall brooms, filled on the flat only 19 Do. with wing at ends 18 Do. filled all over the ends 17 Jelly jar brushes 16 Badger hair setting i Stipplers * Softeners, 6d. each brush. Stripg with "beau blanc" hair 18 Old hair, refilling, 3d. per 1. on job. 3082-1 APPENDIX I. PIECE PRICE LISTS. The following are the STANDARD PIECE PRICE LISTS reported to the Department as being in existence in various districts and industries at the beginning of 1900. Trade. Locality covered by * List. Date of List. Slating and Tiling: Platers Slaters arid tilers BUILDING TRADES. Great Yarmouth Leicester Revised and re- printed Aug. 1. 1894. Feb. 7. 18P8. MINING AND QUARRYING. See * NOTE. METAL, ENGINEERING, AND SHIPBUILDING. Iron and Steel Manufac- ture : Sheet millmen Midlands and South May 29, 1891 . Wales. Amended Dec. 7, 1891. Sheet millmen South Wales and Mon- April 1, 1900. mouth. Boilermaking and Shipbuild- ing: Angle smiths ... .. Barrow . - 1888.- Angle smiths . . .. Wear .. Aug. 3, 1892. Blacksmiths . . Blyth .. Oct. 12, 1891. Caulkers and cutters M Aberdeen June 11, 1896. Caulkers M Ayr Dec. 31, 1889. Caulkers M Barrow .. Mar. 10. 1897. Caulkers . . >< Belfast .. Aug. 5, 1897. Caulkers mf Birkenhead Sept. 6, 1897. Caulkers and cutters .. The Clyde district and Aug. 30, 1889. Leith. Caulkers and cutters... .. Mersey 1889. Caulkers and Cutters .. Tyne and Wear district Aug. 7, 1884. Amended Dec. 23, 1890. * There are DO general piece price lists in operation in the Mining and Quarrying Industries, each mine and quarry having usually a separate list. For further particulars see pp. 3-10 and 19-20. METAL, ENUIXKERT.VG, AND SHIPBUILDING TRADKS. Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. METAL, ENGINEERING, AND SHIPBUILDING cout. Anvil and Vice Making : Anvil and vice makers Dudley and district ... 1897. Revised and reprinted Feb. 1, 1900. File and Knife Making :- File grinders ... Sheffield May 26, 1873. File and rasp forgers and Sheffield Sept. 1, 1873. cutters. File forgers arid cutters Warrington July 18, 1874 Table knife grinders Sheffield 1859. Needle, Trap, Wire, &c.. Making: Needle makers Nottingham July, 1882. Trap makers ... Wednesfield and Heath May 20, 1890. Town. Card wire drawers Halifax andCleckheaton Revised July 1898. Carriage straighteners (lace N ottingham Jan. 4, 1897. machinery). Brass and Bedstead Work : Bedstead makers Birmingham . Casters (general) Birmingham Jan. 5, 1891. Casters in cabinet trade Birmingham Jan. 1, 1883. Plumbers (brassfounding) Birmingham April 28, 1873. Hinge dressers Birmingham July 1, 1876. Sash fasteners Birmingham April 3, 1893. Clock bell makers Birmingham . Sept. 2, 1875 Tinplate Making : Tinplate Makers South Wales, Mon- 1874, with amend- mouthshire and Glou- ments made in cester. 1890 and 1891, and 1899 and 1900. Tinplate Working: Tinplate workers (Govern- ment work). {Great Britain (except London). London. March, 1897. 1897. Tinplate workers (municipal, 1895. &c., work). TEXTILE TRADES COTTON. Cotton Spinning: Spinners Ashton-under-Lyne ... May, 1860. Spinners Bolton, Chorley, Man- Oct. 1, 1858. chester, Farnworth, Reddish and Leigh. Spinners Blackburn April 15, 1867. Spinners Burnley Mar. 23, 1867. Spinners Hyde Jan. 1872. TEXTILE TRADES. Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. TEXTILE TRADESCOTTON cont. Cotton Spinning Spinners Spinners Roller coverers Tenters (slubbing, inter- mediate and roving). Twiners (mule) Cotton Weaving : Uniform list for weaving grey goods. Additions upon plain cloth prices, as per uniform list, for the following classes of goods : Dobby dhooties Dhooty headings Grey dhooties ... Plain dhooties... Cotton crimps Stave work goods Coloured edges or borders ... Tape bordered cloth withou t pattern. Coarse weft below 14's Rep headings in plain and dobby dhooties. Plain grey shawl headings ... Cloths woven with one end in a dent. One-sided dobby of apron cloths. Sateens, drills, kc. Extra runner in dhooties ... Grey dhooty headings Stripes and cords in plain looms. Stave work with dobby borders | Coloured stripes, fcc.. in taped or slashed warps. Gold pick headings ... Worsted weavers Weavers of quilts and toilet covers. Weavers of toilet and Mar- seilles quilts. Oldham and district, Rochdale, Hey wood, Littleborough, Hud- dersfield, Salford and Warrington.* Preston Oldham Blackburn Oldham N. & N.E. Lanes. } N. & N.E. Lanes. Bolton District Bolton Jan., 1876. May 11, 1866. Mar. 20, 1896. Jan. 6, 1873. Oct. 1, 1897. Aug. &Nov., 1892. Mar. 15, 1886. Mar. 15, 1886. June 27, 1888. July, 1894. Nov. 12, 1894. Feb., 1895. 1895. June 21, 1895. April 14, 1896. July, 1896. June 25, 1897. Oct. 15, 1897. July 19, 1898. Sept., 1898. 1898. Feb. 9, 1899. June, 1899, and ad- dition of Nov. 22 1899. July 26, 1899. Sept. 27, 1899, Feb. 21, 1900. Jan. 1, 1896, and appendix of Jan. 2, 1897. Jan. 17, 1862, with additions of Sept. 19, 1890. * It is also partially operative in Preston, Bury, Burnley. Blackburn. Hyde, Stockport, Darwen. Pendlebury, Bolton. Ripponden, Manchester. Mossley, and Stalybridge, 294 PIECE PRICE LISTS. Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. TEXTILE TRADES COTTON, WOOLLEX, AND HOSIERY. Cotton Weaving cont. Weavers (coloured goods) ... Colne Sept. and Nov. 1890. Weavers (sheeting, certain Hey wood July 9, 1894. sized looms only). Weavers (velvets) Oldham June, 1888, and Oct., 1890. with amendment of March 14, 1900. Weavers (coloured goods) ... Radcliffe Mar. 21, 1898. Twisters and drawers Blackburn and in Pres- June 22, 1894 ton and district. with agreement as to split drafting of June 16, 1899. Twisters of towel honey- Bolton district Mar. 2?, 1897. combs, tapestries and alhambras. Twisters and drawers Bury May, 1899. Twisters and drawers (closed Colne ... April 10, 1900. goods). Twisters and drawers (vel- Oldham Jan. 1, 1897, with vets). amendment of March 14, 1900. Twisters and drawers Hey wood Aug. 1, 1899. Twisters and drawers Ramsbottom ... Nov. 21, 1899. Beamers and winders Burnley June, 1899. Beamers Glasgow Jan., 1886. Warpers (patent beam) Blackburn Winders Blackburn Winders Radcliffe and Pilking- ton. Tape sizers or slashers Blackburn Overlookers Blackburn Overlookers Burnley Woollen and Worsted Weaving* : Weavers of coatings, dress Bradford Nov. 11, 1896. goods, linings, &c. Weavers of wool shawls and Hucknall Torkard ... Jan. 1, 1897. falls, and antimacassar makers. Weavers of white-faced wors- Huddersfield May, 1883. teds, &c. Weavers of woollens, cottons, Ravensthorpe Jan., 1897. and worsteds. Weavers of shawls ... Saddleworth Feb. 27, 1900. Weavers Yeadon and Guiseley Aug. 1893. and district. Hosiery Trade : Workers on coloured and Hinckley June 10, 1891. white rib work Workers on rctary work Hinckley June 10, 1891. * (See also under Uniform List for weaving Cotton Goods.) TEXTILE TRADES. 295 Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. TEXTILE TRADES HOSIERY, LACE MAKING, &c. Hosiery Trade font. Workers on hose Leicester July 30, 1895. Workers on shirts, pants, Leicester Sept. 27, 1895. dresses, vests and trousers. Workers on hose, half hose, Nottingham Feb. 17, 1896. feet and rib top. Workers on pants, shirts, Nottingham Feb. 17, 1896. vests, &c. Workers on military pants ... Nottingham and Leices- April 28, 1899. ter. Workers on plain cotton and Sutton-in-Ashfield ... July 1, 1875. thread hose. Workers on lace, ancle hose Sutton-in- Ashfield July 1, 1875. and socks. Trimmers Basford Oct. 1890. Trimmers Leicester July 4. 1895. Knitters ... ... Hinckley June 10, 1891. Knitters (circular framework) Nottingham ... Revised Dec. 1, 1892. Menders Hinckley May, 1895. Countermen ... Hinckley May, 1895. Seamers (German) ... Hinckley Aug. 6, 1896. Lace Making : Lace makers (levers branch) Nottingham July 27, 1891, with alterations to date. Lace makers (plain net Nottingham Nov. 11, 1889. branch). Lace makers (curtain machine Nottingham Jan., 1891. Re- branch). vised and re- printed Sept. 20, 1897. Lace makers (warp lace tat- Nottingham July 13, 1872. ters). Auxiliary workers (levers Nottingham Mar. 4, 1899. branch). Auxiliary workers (curtain Nottingham June 17, 1899. branch). Silk Weaving : Weavers Leek and Congletoii ... Dec. 14, 1898. Weavers (small ware) leek Feb. 28, 1899.* Weavers of ribbons ... Leek June 30, 1898,* with amendment in 1899. Weavers of fancy goods and Leek Sept. 8, 1898.* dress bands. Weavers of scarves, plain Macclesfield ... 1849 and 1880, pockets cut- aps. &c. with supplement of 1891. * Reprinted with additions. The original lists date from 96 PIECE PRICE LISTS. Trade. Locality covered by List, Date of List. TEXTILE TRADES FUSTIAN CUTTING, &c. Carpet Making: Weavers Weavers Fustian Cutting : Cutters Elastic Web Weaving Weavers Weavers England and Scotland Kidderminster Halifax. Congleton Leicester Coventry and July 1, 1886, and alterations of May, 1894. Sept., 1882. May 1, 1896. Re- vised in 1897 and 1900. Aug. 13, 18S8. Re- vised and re- printed April 16, 1890.* April 21, 1890. CLOTHING TRADES TAILORING. Tailoring : Tailors (general time list) 1886 (Revised). Tailors (price statement) ... Accrington April 29, 1897. Tailors (time log) Bangor Mar. 20, 1894. Tailors (time and machine Chester April, 1899. log). Tailors (price statement) ... Chorloy... April 1, 1894. Tailors (time log) Cirencester Oct. 19, 1896. Tailors (time log) Dublin 1872. Revised 1877. Reprinted with additions 1889, and with alter- ations to Aug. 4, 1898. Tailors (time log) Exeter April 21, 1894. Tailors Fleetwood May 15, 1899. Tailors (price statement) ... Huddersfield 1897. Tailors (time log) Leeds Mar. 28, 1872. Tailors (co-operative society's Leeds Mar. 23, 1896. price statement). Tailors (time log) Leicester Nov. 11, 1896. Tailors (time log) Liverpool 1868, as amended, 1882. Tailors (livery, gentlemen's London ... 1891, with addi- trousers and waistcoat tions of Apr. 1, time log). 1897. Tailors (cutters' log sheet for London 1891. the wholesale trade). Tailors (statement of prices London 1891. of international tailors', machinists' and pressers' union for all workhands in the coat trade). * In February, 1898, a revised list was agreed to for a particular establish- ment afc which improved machinery had been introduced. CLOTHING TRADES. 297 Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. CLOTHING TRADES TAILORING A.ND BOOT AND SHOE. Tailoring cont. Tailors (gentlemen's and London 1891. ladies' time logs). Tailors (time log) Newcastle, Gateshead, Mar. 20, 1890. and Blyth. Adopted at Blvth May 1, 1894. Tailors (time log) Newton Abbot April 10, 1897. Tailors (time log) Omagh ... April 8, 1898. Tailors (machine log) Ramsbottom ... June, 1886. Tailors (price statement) .. Rhyl April 26, 1896. Tailors (time log) Shields, N April, 1882. Re- vised 1898. Tailors (time log) Skip ton May 1, 1894. Tailors (time log) York May, 1894. Tailors (time log) Scotland April 9, 1867. Re- vised and re- printed Feb. 22, 1890. Tailors (time log) Douglas, Isle of Man ... Mar. 30, 1895. Boot and Shoe Manufacture: England and Wales. Machine Work Rivetters and finishers Ansty ... Mar. 19, 1891. Rivetters and finishers Armley* Op3ratives Birmingham Feb. 10, 1899. Rivetters Bramley April, 1898. Rounders and finishers Bristol Nov. 19, 1889. Re- vised and re- printed Jan. 21, 1890. Rivetters (Co-operative So- Heckmondwike Jan. 2, 1899. cieties') Rivetters and finishers Hinckley, Harwell, and Aug. 17, 1891. Earl Shilton. Rivetters and finishers Hucknall Torkard ... May 28, 1894. Makers and finishers ... Kettering June, 1892. Re- printed with additions July 189t. Operatives (welted work) ... Kettering Sept. 6, 1894. Operatives (cycle shoes) Kettering Oct. 1, 1897. Rounders and finishers(strong Kingswood and district Sept. 25, 1893. work) Rivetters and finishers Leeds March, 1878 (re- printed in 1881 and 1896), with amendments and additions to date. Operatives (rivetters and Leeds June 17, 1890. finishers on common slipper work) * Firms not paying to the Leeds General Statement have lists in operation pecially agreed to by the Operatives' Society. PIECE PRICE LISTS. Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. CLOTHING TRADES BOOT AND SHOE cont. Boot and Shoe Manufacture cont. England, and Wale* cont. Machine Work : Slipper makers (Jewish) Rivetters and finishers Machine lasters Operatives (canvas work) ... Operatives (on nursery work, rivetted and machine-sewn and needle-sewn) Lasters and finishers 1st class statement Lasters and finishers 2nd class statement Lasters and finishers uni- form statement Operatives (wholesale sew- round trade) Rivetters and finishers Operatives (home trade only) Operatives (shipping) Operatives machine welted work. Operatives (army boots and shoes) Rivetters and finishers Operatives (turn shoe work) Rivetters and finishers Rivetters and finishers Makers and finishers ... Putters -up and finishers Makers and finishers Leeds .. Leicester Leicester Leicester Leicester London ... London ... London ... London ... Newcastle Northampton Northampton Northampton ... County of North- ampton Norwich Norwich Nottingham Plymouth Rushden, H i g h a m Ferrers and Irth- lingboro'. Stafford Wellingb or ough April. 1894. 1892. Nov. 9, 1898. Feb., 1893. Dec. 19, 1893. 1872. Revised and reprinted 1890. 1875. Revised 1883. April 17, 1890. Revised and reprinted Sept. 1898. Aug., 1892. Revised and reprinted Sept. 1898. April 21, 1892. Jan., 1890. . Re- printed with amendments Sept. 1, 1896, and with amend- ments to date. June 16, 1890. Feb. 19, 1894. Dec. H, 1898. July 26, 1890, with alterations of June, 1893. July 26, 1890, with alterations of June, 1893. Aug. 22, 1882. Revised and reprinted July 1894, and with additions and alterations to April 23, 1899. 1891. Sept. 15, 1890. June 2, 1890. April 12, 1893. CLOTHING TRADES. 299 Trade. Locality covered by Date of List. List. CLOTHING- TRADES BOOT AND SHOE MAKING. oot and Shoe Manufacture cont. Scotland. Machine Work : Operatives (uniform state- East Coast of Scotland Sept. 7, 1891. ment) for benching and Revised and finishing (machine^ and reprinted June ] . hand welting). J895. Amended Mar. 30, 1900. Operatives Edinburgh May, 1894. Pump boot and slipper makers Glasgow Feb. 12, 1894. England and Wales. Hand Sewn W<-k Makers ... Ashton-under-Ly ne . . . June 12, 1894. Makers (No. 1 statement) ... Birmingham ... May 11, 1897.' Makers (No. 2 statement) ... Birmingham ... June 23, 1891. Makers Bradford May 2, 1892. Makers ... Bristol Dec. 12, 1889. Makers and finishers... Chester ... Aug., 1897. Make is ... Hnddersfield June 16, 1890. Makers Keiu'hley Revised, 1893. Makers ... ... ... . . Leeds May, 1891. Makers(lst and 2nd rate state- Manchester and Salf ord May 13, 1890. ment). Makers (3rd rate statement) Manchester an^ Salf ord May 30, 1890. Makers (journeymen boot Manchester 1876. closers). Makers .. Nelson Colne and District. Makers (welted work) Northampton ... Dec. 24, 1892. Makers .. Northampton. Aug. 1, 1889. Makers (1st and 2nd state- Nottingham June 25, 1883. ments). Makers (cordwainers) Oldbaui May 8, 1890, Makers (1st and 2nd state- Plymouth Jan. 1893. ments). Makers (1st and 2nd sta ce- Preston June 18, 1891. ments). Makers Stafford Mar. 1, 1890. Makers... Worcester Feb. 1, 1891. Scotland. Makers (1st and 2nd rate state- Aberdeen May, 1896. ment). Makers (1st rate statement) Edinburgh May, 1894. Makers (2nd and 3rd rate Edinburgh July, 1894. statement). .lobbing workers ... ... * Edinburgh May 4, 1897. Makers (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Glasgow May, 1897. rate statements). Ireland. Makers (hand-sewn) ... Drogheda Sept. 7, 1892'. Makers hand-sewn (1st and Dublin 1894. 2nd statements). 300 PIECE PRICE LISTS. Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. CLOTHING TRADES CLOG MAKING. Clog Making : doggers Acerington Nov., 1891. Cloggers Asliton ... Sept., 1890. Cloggers Bacup ... Sept., 1890. Cloggers Barnsley May, 1888. Cloggers Blackburn ... ' ... Mar. 3, 1894. Clogger* Bolton Oct. 1, 1894. Cloggers Bradford t Solemaking, Cloggers Burnley... ) Sept., 1890. j Seatwork, Feb. ( 1894. Cloggers Bury Jan., 1896. Cloggers Chesterton and District Cloggers Colne Nov. 11, 1895. Cloggers Chorley Oct., 1891. Cloggers Darwen Dec., 1887. Cloggers Dumfries Nov., 1888. Cloggers Farnworth Oct. 10. 1895. Cloggers Hadfield and Glossop. . 1896. Cloggers Halifax Oct., 1889. Cloggers Haslingden Jan., 1891. Cloggers Hey wood Dec., 1895. Cloggers Horwich 1895. Clog-gers Hyde, Denton, Hough- Feb. 5, 1896. ton, Gee Cross and Newton. Cloggers Kidsgrove Cloggers Leeds Cloggers Leigh Jan. 17, 1895. Cloggers Manchester and district Nov. 1, 1894. Cloggers Middleton Nov. 17, 1896. Cloggers Moss ley Sept. 9, 1895. Cloggers Nelson and Barrowf ord Oct. 5, 1896. Cloggers North wich Nov., 1897. Cloggers Oldham Nov. 19, 1895. Cloggers Padiham Cloggers ,. Preston Cloggers Radcliffe Cloggers Ramsbottom Cloggers Rochdale Oct. 10, 1895, with alterations of Nov.. 1899. Cloggers Runcorn Oct., 1876. Cloggers Shaw Cloggers Sheffield April, 1886. Cloggers St. Helens Sept., 1890. Cloggers Staly bridge * Oct. 5, 1892. Cloggers Stockport Jan. 13, 1897. Cloggers Swinton, Pendlebury Jan. 22, 1896. and Clifton. Cloggers Tottington Jan., 1896. Cloggers Wigan and Ince Nov. 14, 1895. MISCELLANEOUS TRADES. 301 Trade. Date of List. CLOTHING TRADES HAT MAKING. Hat Trade :- Makers (wool hats) Makers (wool and fur hats) Makers (wool hats) .,. Makers (silk hats and pull- overs). Makers (silk hats, pullovers, Bury Denton ... Hyde London Provincial districts Apr., 1892. Oct. 5, 1891, additions. Nov. 2, 1891. Feb. 5, 1889. Dec. 18, 1899. with MISCELLANEOUS TRADES. Typefounding : Typefounders ... London... Mar. 16, 1899. Letterpress Printing : Compositors (news and job- Birmingham ... June 17, 1893. bing). Compositors (machine) Birmingham ... Oct. 1, 189"). Compositors (book and news) Cork Jan., 1895. Compositors Dublin Revised 1892. Compositors (book and 1 news). ^Edinburgh Sept. 15, 1894. Pressmen J Compositors (book and job- Glasgow 1893. bing). Compositors (machine) Glasgow Feb. 12, 1897. Compositors (news) ... Leeds Revised and re- printed May ir>, 1893. Compositors (machine) Compositors (book, parliamen- Leeds London ... July 1, 1895. Feb. 18, 1891, and tary and news). Minute of In- terpretation of Sept. 1, 1891. Compositors (hand and ma- London July 27, 1896; with chine news and book). amendment of Feb. 11, 1898. Compositors (news and job- Manchester Mar., 1872. bing). Pressmen London ... 1888. Bookbinding, &c. : Bookbinders ... London Dec. 13, 1893. Book-edge gilders London Jan., 1899. 302 PIECE PRICE LISTS. Trade. Locality covered by- List. Date of List. MISCELLANEOUS TRADES cont. Coopering : Coopers Coopers Coopers Coopers Coopers Coopers Coopers Coopers Lath Rending : Lath renders Coachbuilding : .Coach and wheelwrights Glass Bottle Making : G-lass bottle makers (flint) ... Glass bottle makers (dark metal). Glass bottle makers Glass bottle makers . . Glass bottle makers ... Glass bottle makers ... Glass bottle makers ... Glass bottle makers "... Glass bottle makers ... Glass bottle makers ... Birmingham. Wolver- Mar. 25, 1899. hampton and district. Belfast Nov.. 1890. Burton-on Trent Feb. 12, 1890. Revised and re- printed Mar. 19, 1898. Hull July, 1897. Liverpool Aug. 7. .1875. London Oct. 30. 1886.* Manchester Mar. 3/1845. Re- vised and re- printed Feb. 16, 1876. Swansea Feb. 17, 1872. Re- vised May 24, 1899. London... May 27, 1893. Re- 6 vised and re- printed Mar. 6, 1899. London... 1873. London Sunderland and Seaham Harbour. Yorkshire Lancashire Bristol ... Brierley Hill Glasgow Portobello Alloa Dublin .. April, 1895. Nov. 29, 1883. Re- vised and re- printed Dec. 5, 1896. Dec. 31, 1888 ; and alterations to date. Dec. 7, 1896 ; and alterations date. Dec. 31, 1894. 1898. Feb. 11, 1895. Jan. 3, 1895. Jan. 3, 1895. vised and printed 1899. July 3, 1893. Re- vised Jan. 6, 1896. to Re- re- Jan. * A few men work to a list dated 30th June, 1892, consideration in February, 1900. i A revised list was undei MISCELLANEOUS TRADES. 303 Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of iist. MISCELLANEOUS TRADES cont. Glass Bevelling : Bevellers (straight work) ... Bevellers (shape work) Pressed Glass Making : Pressed glass makers Transport: Coal porters Dock and Waterside Labour : Trimmers and tippers Coal trimmers. . Stevedores (timber) Stevedores Deal yard workers ... Deal porters ... Coal and coke trimmers in port. Coal trimmers on river Coal and coke trimmers General dock labourers Basket Making: Basket makers Basket makers Basket makers Brushmaking : Brushmakers (hair-dressing. pan work, drawing and boring). Brushmakers (finishing and Leeds ... boring). Brushmakers (pan, drawn London ... work and hairs). London ... London ... County Durham, New- castle, and Glasgow. London and suburbs .., Briton Ferry . . Cardiff, Penarth. and Barry. Cardiff Tyn Urimsby \ London ... Newport Newport Tyne and Blyth Swansea Birmingham Glasgow London ... Glasgow Nov. 9, 1891 ; and alterations of Feb. 4, 1898. 1890 ; and altera- tions of Feb. 4, 1898. June 14, 1890 Aug. 28, 1889. Re- vised and re- printed Nov., 1899. Sept. 1, 1896. Dec. 15, 1890. July 19, 1897. Jan. 1, 1890. May, 1896. May, 1893. Re- vised and re- printed April. 1898. July 1, 1890. Mar. 13, 1895. April 18, 1898. June, 1890. Zil 13, 1899. V 19, 1890. June, 1896. Sept. 18, 1896. June 10, 1892. 1872. 304 PIECE PRICE LISTS. Trade. Locality covered by List. Date of List. MISCELLANEOUS TRADES conb. Brushmakers (painting brushes and sash tools). London Brushmakers (fashioning- [ London tooth-brush stocks). Leather Trades: Skinners Saddle and harness makers ... Saddlers (brown) Saddlers (gig) Pur Trade : Fur skin dressers (fleshers and shavers). Barrhead and Kilmar- nock. London Walsall Walsall London Feb., 1891. (Prices for sash tools revised and re- printed July 2, 1894). Aug. 4, 1890, with alteration of March, 1899. June, 1897. Revised and printed 1 897. 1898. 1890. Revised 189T. 305 APPENDIX II. SLIDING SCALES. The following is a list of the SLIDING SCALES in existence in the United Kingdom at the beginning of 1900 : Trade. District. Date. Coal Mining: Miners ... MINING AND QUARRYING. South Wales and Mon- mouth. Iron Mining : Iron-ore miners Quarrying: Limestone quarrymen Dalton (one firm) Stainton (one firm) METAL TRADES. Jan. 1, 1892, with supplementary agreements of Feb. 17, 1893, and Sept. 1, 1898. Oct. 1, 1890. Aug. 11, 1892. Pig Iron Manufacture : Blastfurnacemen Askam and Millom (one firm). Blastfurnacemen Barrow in-Furness (one Amended 1895. firm). Blastfurnacemen Cleveland and Durham Oct. 8, 1895.* Blastfurnacemen Cumberland and North Renewed Sept. 9, Lanes. 1898. Blastfurnacemen Ulverston (one firm) ... Blastfurnacemen North Staffordshire ... Oct. 9, 1899. Blastfurnacemen South Staffordshire ... Iron and Steel Trades :- Ironworkers ... North of England July 1, 1889. Ironworkers ... Midlands, South Lane*. Oct. 21, 1889. and South Yorks. Amended July 31, 1893. Iron and steel workers South Wales and Mon- Sept. 1, 1895. mouth. Ironworkers ... West of Scotland June 27, 1898. Steelworkers Barrow (one firm) Nov., 1895. Steel millmen Consett and Jarrow ... Steelworkers Eston (Cleveland) (one Nov., 1888. firm). Steelworkers ... Middlesbrough (one firm). Steelworkers ... Middlesbrough (one firm). * This gcale was terminated in Jure, 1897, and renewed in December. 1897. 30321 U 306 APPENDIX III. PRINCIPAL BOARD OF TRADE PUBLICATIONS LABOUR QUESTIONS. The following are among the principal Publications relating to Labour Questions, which have been, or are about to be, published by the Board of Trade. MONTHLY JOURNAL. The " LABOUR GAZETTE" the Journal of the Labour Depart- ment of the Board of Trade published on the 15th of each month. May be ordered through any newsagent, price Id., or obtained direct from the Publishers, Messrs. Horace Marshall & Son, Temple House, Temple Avenue, London, E.G., at the rate of 2s. per annum for addresses in the United Kingdom, including postage. ANNUAL AND SPECIAL REPORTS. May all be obtained through any bookseller, or direct from Messrs. Eyre and Spottiswoode, East Harding Street, London, E.G. Title of Report. Official Number to be quoted on Ordering. Price, exclusive of Postage. Price, including Postage.* Abstract of Labour Statistics for the United Kingdom ; 1893-4 . .. C. 7,565 *. d. 9 *. d. 1894-5 . . . .. C. 7 900 10 1A 1895-6 . C. 8,230 1 3 ]89tj_7 4 , . ... C S 642 1 3 1897-8 (j 9oil 11J 2k 1898-9 Cd 119 11.] 2k Abstract of Foreign Labour Statistics ... Changes in Wages and Hours of Labour in the United Kingdom : 1st Report on (1893) C. 9,442 C 7 567 8 1 3 10$ 1 7 2nd (1894) 3rd (189.V) C. 8^075 C 8 374 9 2 2 1 1 6 4th fl896") C 8 444 6 1 10 oth (1897) C 8 975 2 \ 1 6 1 6th ,. (1398) 7th . (1899) C. 9,434 (In the pess.) 6 1 9 Standard Piece Rates (1893) (1900) C. 7,567-1 d. 144 1 1 4 I 3 1 8 * In the United Kingdom. PUBLICATIONS ON LABOUR QUESTIONS. 307 PRINCIPAL BOARD OF TRADE PUBLICATIONS ON LABOUR QUESTIONS. ANNUAL AND SPECIAL REPORTS continued. Price, Official Price, including Title of Report. Number to be quoted on exclusive of Postage in the Ordering. Postage. United Kingdom. *. d. *. d. Standard Time Rates (1893) C. 7,567-11 1 3 1 7 ,, (1900) (In the press.) Rates of Wages paid in the United Kingdom in 1886 : Principal Textile Trades C. 5,807 1 6 1 10 Minor ,. C. 6,161 9 1 Mines and Quarries 0. 6,455 1 1 3 By Local Authorities and Private Companies G'. 6^715 1 3 1 7 to Police, and to Workpeople employed on Roads, ice., and at Gas and Water Works. General Report*... C. 6,889 4 3 4 9 Weekly Hours of Labour in 1850, 1860, 1870, H.C. 375, 1890 74 9J 1880, and 1890. Conciliation (Trade Disputes) Act, 1896 : First Report of Proceedings under C. 8,533 3 4 Second Report of Proceedings under ... H.C. 275, 1899 2 24 Strikes and Lock-outs, 1st Report on (1888) C. 5,809 10 1 04 2nd (1889) C. 6.176 1 3 1 7 3rd (1890) C._ 6J476 2 11 3 4 4th (1891) C. 6,890 4 4 4 9 5th (1892) C. 7,403 3 3 3 8 6th (1893) C._7,566 2 4 2 8 7th (1894) C. 7,901 2 9 3 2 8th (1895) C. 8,231 2 4 2 8 9th (1896) C. 8,643 1 2 1 6 10th (1897) C. 9,012 1 1 1 4 llth (1898) C. 9,437 10| 1 14 Trade Unions, 1st Report on C. 5,104 7J 9$ 2nd , (1887) C. 5,505 2 5 2 9 3rd , (1888) C. 5,808 2 14 2 54 , 4th , (1889 and 1890) C. 6,475 5 14 5 7* 5th , (1891) C. 6,990 2 4 2 8 , 6th , (1892) C. 7,436 2 8 3 7th , (1893) C. 7,808 2 3 2 7 8th , (1894 and 1895) C. 8,232 4 4 4 10 , 9th , (1896) C. 8,644 1 4 1 8 10th , (1897) C. 9,013 1 '4* 1 84 llth (1898) C. 9,443 1 64 1 104 Provision for Old Age Abroad C. 9,414 3 4 Profit-sharing, Report on (1894) C. 7,458 10 1 1 * Some of the figures in this volume relate to 1891 and 18l>2, 308 PUBLICATIONS ON LABOUR QUESTIONS. PRINCIPAL BOARD OF TRADE PUBLICATIONS ON LABOUR QUESTIONS. ANNUAL AND SPECIAL REPORTS continued. Title of Report. Official Number to be quoted on Ordering. Price, exclusive of Postage. Price, including Postage in the United Kingdom. " Gain-sharing " and certain other systems of Bonus on Production, Report on (1895). C. 7,848 s. d. 6^ ,9. d. 8 Report on Contracts given out by Public Authorities to Associations of Work- men (1896). C. 8,233 1 5 1 9 Cost Of Production in relation to Wages in certain Industries (1891). C. 6,535 1 7 1 11 Women and Girls, Employment of : Statistics of Employment of Women and Girls (1894). Changes in the Employment of Women and Girls in Industrial Centres (1898), Part I. Money Wages of Domestic Servants (1899) ... C. 7,564 C._8,794 C. 9,346 8 6 3i 10A 8 4 2 i Employments of Children on leaving School (Upper Standards), Return of. H.C. 23, 1899 6 8 Unemployed, Report on the Agencies and Methods for dealing with the (1893). C. 7,182 1 11 2 1 Alien Immigration : Alien Immigration into United States (1893)... Recent Immigration from Eastern Europe, Repoi ts on the Volume and Effects of (1894)! C. 7,113 C. 7,406 1 7 1 1 11 1 3 Directory of Industrial Associations Cd. 120 7.i 9i The following appear periodically, and can be subscribed for : TRADE OF THE UNITED KINGDOM WITH BRITISH POSSESSIONS AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES, * showing the Quantities and the Declared Value of the Articles. > The Proceedings of Parliament in Public and Private Business are published daily^ House of Lords, price Id. per 4 pp. ; House of Commons, \d. per & pp, TRADE REPORTS of the several British Colonies, with information relative to their population and general condition. TKADE REPORTS by ifer Majesty's Representatives in Foreign Countries, and Reports on Commercial aiid General Interests. State Trials, being Reports of the Chief State Trials which have taken place between 1820 and the present time, published under the supervision of a Committee appointed by the. Lord Chancellor. 1820-1823 to 1850-1858. 8 vols. 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In course of issue. [H.C. No. 134)1900.] COAL. Tables showing Production, &c. 1883 to 1898. Price Gd. [Cd. 250.] NAVY. BOILERS. Memorandum respecting Water- tube Boilers in H.M. Ships. Price 4$e/. ECd. 166.] AGRICULTURAL RETURNS. Great Britain. 1899. Price Is. 4rf. Cd. 237.] INDUSTRIAL TRAINING OF GIRLS IN SCHOOLS IN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT. Report on. Price Is. [Cd. 262.] RAILWAY RETURNS FOR THE YEAR 1899, with Summary Tables, 1854-1899. Price lid. SCd. 223.] FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS. Annual Report with Appendices Price 6s. 1 l$d. Cd. 281.] WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION. Statistics of Proceedings under Acts for the year 1899. Price 4d. [Cd. 346.] WAGES AND EARNINGS OF AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Report by Mr. Wilson Fox. With Charts. Years 1850-1900. Price 3s. 4d. [Cd. 369.] SOUTH AFRICA. CORRESPONDENCE RELATING TO THE RECENT POLITICAL SITUATION. Letters of Members of Parliament thereon. Price 2$d. [Cd. 134 and 134 1 to 134"]. MINES. Reports of H.M. Inspectors for 1899, with Summaries of the Statistical portion under the provisions of the Coal Mines Regulation Act, 1887 ; Metalliferous Mines Regulation Acts, 1872-1875 ; Slate Mines (Gunpowder) Act, 1882, Districts Nos. 1 to 13. Complete. Price 7s. Id. MINES in the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man. List of, for 1899. Price 3s. Id. QUARRIES. Ditto. ditto. ditto. 1898. Price 3*. 8d. MINES ABANDONED. List of the Plans of. Corrected to 31st December 1899. Price Is* WAGES (STANDARD TIME RATES). A BOARD OF TRADE (LABOUR DEPARTMENT). REPORT ON STANDABD TIME RATES OF WAGES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM IN 1900, WITH COMPARATIVE TABLES. to tort) Jgouses of parliament fcj> OTommantJ of LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE, BY DARLING & SON, LTD., 34-40, BACON STREET, E. And to be purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from EYRE & SPOTTISWOODE, EAST HARDING STREET. FLEET STREET, B.C., and 32, ARINGDON STREET, WESTMINSTER. S.W. ; or JOHN MENZIES & Co., ROSE STREET, EDINBURGH, and 90, WEST NILE STREET. GLASGOW; or HODGES. FIGGIS, & Co.. LIMITED. 104, GRAFTON STREET. DUBLIN, 1900, [Cd. 317.] Price 111. CONTENTS REPORT. Page Introduction vii Meaning of Time-Wage and Piece- Wage viii Extent to which Time-Wage Prevails ix Meaning of Standard Rate ix Nature of Authority for Standard Rates ix Seasonal Fluctuations in Weekly Standard Rates ... x Local Variations in Rates of Wages x STATISTICAL TABLES. A. STANDARD RATES OF WAGES AT 1st JANUARY, 1900. TABLES showing the STANDARD RATES of WAGES and HOURS of LABOUR (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st JANUARY, 1900, in various TRADES and DISTRICTS of the United Kingdom: Building Trade Operatives : Bricklayers, Masons, Carpenters and Joiners, Slaters, Plumbers, Plasterers, Painters, and Labourers ... 2 Engineering- and Shipbuilding* Trades: Engineers : Turners, Fitters, Smiths, Millwrights, Pattern Makers, Copper Smiths, Brass Finishers, Borers and Slotters, Planers, Millers, Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers and Machine Joiners ... 50 Sea-going Engineers 72 Brass Moulders and Finishers '.'.'. 75 Ironfounders and Patternmakers 76 Boilermakers and Iron and Steel Shipbuilders : Angle Iron Smiths, Platers (Heavy and Light), Rivetters, Caulkers, and Holders-up 80 Shipwrights, Ship Joiners, Ship Plumbers, and Ship Painters , ... 90 28261750 y/l'JUO Wt 3437 D & S 1 iv. CONTENTS. Page Miscellaneous Trades : Letterpress Printers Compositors 100 Lithographic Printers ... ... ... 106 Bookbinders and Machine Rulers ... ... 106 Cabinet Making and Furnishing Trades : Cabinet Makers, Chair Makers, Carvers, Machinists, French Polishers, and Upholsterers 108 Boot and Shoe Operatives : Clickers, Pressmen, Lasters and Finishers on Time Work Ill Gas Stokers Police Constables (Maximum and Minimum Rates) ... 116 Seamen (Predominant Rates) : Able Seamen on Sailing Vessels, Able Seamen on Steam Ships, Firemen and Trimmers ... ... 120 B. STANDARD RATES OF WAGES FOR A SERIES OF YEARS. TABLES showing the RATES of WAGES recognised at 1st JANUARY in various TRADES and DISTRICTS of the United Kingdom for a series of years. Building Trades : Bricklayers (1874-1900) ... ... ... 124 Masons (1875-1900) 126 Carpenters and Joiners (1872-1900) 128 Plumbers (1882-1900) 130 Plasterers (1888-1900) ; . Painters (1891-1900) 133 Engineering and Shipbuilding Trades : Turners : 45 Towns (1894-1900) 136 11 (1875-1900) ... 137 Fitters : 45 Towns (1894-1900) 138 11 (1875-1900) 139 Smiths : 43 Towns (1894-1900) 140 Planers : 42 Towns (1894-1900) 141 Patternmakers : 38 Towns (1886-1900) 142 7 (1875-1900) 144 Ironfounders : 11 Towns (1874-1900) 145 35 (1889-1900) 146 Shipwrights : 38 Towns (1887-1900) ... ... 148 Printing Trade : Letterpress Printers Compositors (1880-1900) ... 152 Lithographic Printers (1886-1900) 154 CONTENTS. V. Page Seamen (Predominant Rates) (1895-1899) : Able Seamen on Sailing Vessels 158 Able Seamen on Steamships 158 Firemen 160 Trimmers 161 C. OTHER STATISTICAL TABLES. 1. PERCENTAGE VARIATIONS of WAGES of COAL HEWERS, IRON WORKERS and COTTON OPERA- TIVES during a vseries of years : Coal Hewers (1871-1900)... ... 164 Iron Workers (1873-1900) 166 Cotton Operatives (1853-1900 167 II. AVERAGE WAGES and EARNINGS of AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS, CATTLEMEN and SHEPHERDS in the United Kingdom in 1898 : Agricultural Labourers 168 Cattlemen and Shepherds ... 172 III. AVERAGE CASH WAGES of ORDINARY AGRICUL- TURAL LABOURERS in England and Wales in each of the years 1850-1899 174 APPENDICES. I. LIST of WORKING RULES and other DOCUMENTS regulating WAGES, HOURS of LABOUR, and other WORKING CONDITIONS in existence in 1900. so far as known to the Department 176 II. PRINCIPAL BOARD of TRADE PUBLICATIONS on LABOUR QUESTIONS 208 Vll. STANDARD TIME EATES OF WAGES 1900, REPORT. TO THE COMPTROLLER - GENERAL OF THE COMMERCIAL, LABOUR, AND STATISTICAL DEPARTMENTS OF THE BOARD OF TRADE. SIB, THE present Report on Standard Rates of Wages and Hours of Labour in force in the United Kingdom at the beginning of 1900 has been prepared in continuation of the Volume on Standard Time Rates which formed Part III. of the first Report of the Labour Department on Wages and Hours of Labour, published in 1894. The Report deals with the Rates of Time-Wages and the Hours of Labour (exclusive of Overtime) recognised in a large number of important industries in the principal towns of the country, and gives the wages and hours recognised at 1st January, 1900, and also at the beginning of each of a long series of years, while in another section are included Tables showing the Percentage variations which have been made in the course of a lengthy period in the wages of Coal Hewers, Ironworkers and Cotton Operatives, and Returns of the Cash Wages and Earnings of Agricultural Labourers. A List of Working Rules and other Documents regulating Wages, Hours of Labour, and other working conditions in operation on 1st January, 1900, is given in an Appendix to the Volume. All changes in wages and in hours of labour which, subse- quently to the publication of the Report of 1894, have taken place from time to time have been published, so far as the information could be obtained by the Department, first in the monthly Labour Gazette, and subsequently in Annual Reports issued by the Department. The present Volume represents the net result of these changes in many of the more important trades and districts up to the beginning of 1900, and thus forms a fresh starting-point in the investigation of these important subjects, which it is intended to continue, and of which the results will in like manner be published periodically. Vlll. REPORT. Meaning' of Time-Wage and Piece- Wage. IB order to make clear the scope of the present Report it may be well to call attention to the meaning which is attached to the expression Time-Wages. The essential characteristic of time-wages is, that the contract between a workman on time- wage and his employer may be regarded as a bargain, by which the employee sells to his employer for an agreed sum of money all the labour which the employee shall perform within a specified period of time, without, as a rule, any express agreement on his part to perform within that period any particular amount of work. In some cases, as, for example, in that of gas stokers, who are paid so much per shift, but are required to carbonise in each shift a specified weight of coal, the wage-contract contains an explicit reference to the amount of work which a workman employed on time-wages is expected to perform in a given time. In other cases the understanding is less explicit ; but, speaking generally, it may be said that the workman on time-wage, no less than the workman on piece-wage, is expected "to do a fair day's work," the time worker who fails to fulfil this expectation being liable to be discharged in consequence. In connection with the question of the common basis of time- wage and piece-wage the payment of so much money for so much work done in so many hours it may be of interest to refer to certain cases, in which a list of time-wages is used as the standard in fixing piece-wage rates.* Thus, in the construction of iron and steel ships and also in the manufacture. v of boilers a large amount of work (plating, etc.) is done under .tjie standard rates of wages set forth at pp. 80-89 of this Report by workmen employed on piece-work. The piece-prices of the work, on which these men are engaged, are fixed at such a level that a man of average capacity shall be able to earn in a week piece- wages amounting to at least the standard weekly rates of wages shown in the table. As a rule, it may be observed, piece-prices in this trade are fixed on a " time-and-a-quarter," " time-and-one- third," " time-and-a-half," or even a higher basis ; that is to say, the piece-rates are of such amounts as will enable the workmen to earn from 25 per cent, upwards in excess of their rated time- wages. So, again, in the cabinet making and furnishing trades {see post, pp. 108-110) a great deal of work is done on piece- work, the prices of the work being so fixed as to yield, taking one job with another,! the standard rates of time-wages set forth in this Report. For the converse case, in which a list of piece prices is used, in a branch of trade in which the work is done on time-wage, as a standard to determine the quantum which shall be considered to be " a fair day's work," sec the Report on Standard Piece-Rates, 1900, p. xxiv. f If the piece-wages earned on a particular job, which has taken, say, 8 hours to perform, amount to only 7 times the standard hourly wage, the workman is sometimes said " to lose on the job," or "to have worked one hour for nothing." REPORT. IX Extent to which Time-Wage Prevails. Speaking" broadly, it may be said that the system of wage- payment most widely prevalent in the United Kingdom is that of Time-Wage. Although an exact statement cannot be made on this subject, a calculation, the basis of which is explained in the Report on Piece-Wage Rates* shows that, if we take into account all classes of workpeople, male and female, including those employed in agriculture and domestic service, no fewer than 74 per cent, of the workpeople employed in the United Kingdom appear to be employed in industries in which time-wage is the most prevalent system. If, however, we exclude agriculture and domestic service, the percentage of workers in industries which are chiefly governed by time-work is about 61. Women workers are most frequently employed in piece-work trades, except in the case of domestic servants, the large numbers of whom are sufficient to turn the balance in favour of time-work. Thus, if domestic servants be excluded only 43 per cent, of women appear to be engaged in time-work trades ; while, if they be included, the proportion is raised to 71 per cent. Meaning* of Standard Rate. The Standard Rates of Time- Wage, with which the present Volume deals, are those rates, which are recognised as applicable (usually as minimum rates of pay) to the remuneration of a considerabl number of workpeople engaged in a given industry at a given place. It will be understood that, while competent, workpeople, whose remuneration is governed by a standard rate of wages, are not evpfto.ted to work, and would not consent to work for a lower rate, individual workmen, whether on the f round of the possession of special skill or the difficult or angerous character of the work, may, and do, receive more than the standard rate of wages ruling for their trade in the locality. On the other hand, workmen who have not yet mastered their craft (" improvers," etc.) will not demand or receive the standard wage ; and in some trades the arrange- ments between employers and employed permit of workmen admittedly too old " to do a fair day's work " accepting wages lower than those recognised as the minimum for the general body of workmen. Nature of Authority for Standard Rates. The authority for the standard time-rates embodied in the present volume is, in all cases, stated. Wherever a statement of standard rates of wages and hours of labour has been * Report on Standard P ; CCJ H?.tes of Wages and Sliding Scales, 1900. Cd. 144. 1900. 2826 b X. REPORT. published by the organisations of both the employers and the employed, these two documents have been collated ; any accidental discrepancies have been cleared up by investigation ; and the corrected figures appear in the Report. In those cases, in which a list of standard time- wages and hours has been published by one side only (employers or employed), this list has been examined with care, and compared with the informat on available on the subject ; and all tables based on lists of this character embody all modifications which appeared to be required in order that they may correctly represent the actual circumstances of the industry concerned. In a few instances it will be seen that, in the absence of published documents, the details given in the tables are based -jpon direct inquiries. The tables on pp. 168-174 relating to agricultural labourers are taken from the report recently published by the Department on the wages and earnings of agricultural labourers in the United Kingdom. Seasonal Fluctuations in Weekly Standard Rates. In certain trades, more especially in the different branches of the building trades, the weekly wages of the workpeople fluctuate according to the season. In the tables, which deal with the building trades, the rates of wages and hours of labour stated are those which obtain in the summer months. The conditions of employment prevailing throughout the winter months are not uniform,* distinct arrangements being made with respect to different parts of the winter season, during all of which, however, the standard hours of labour are shorter than in summer, and in some cases (to which attention is called in the tables) slightly higher rates of time- wages are paid. As between different branches of the building trades the amount of seasonal fluctuation in hours and wages varies considerably, some classes of workpeople (e.g. 9 carpenters and joiners > being employed under cover, and being therefore in many cases employed for the same number of hours per week in winter as in summer. Local Variations in Rates of Wages. In the Tables contained in this Report the standard rates of time-wage for each trade dealt with are set forth separately for different industrial centres ; and the wide variations between the rates current in different localities cannot fail to arrest attention. Thus, in the building trades, while bricklayers, for example, receive 1(V/. in London and in a large number of other- towns, their wages fall to (> ^d. in several districts, e.g., Stroud, Wisbech, and Bridgwater, and to 6d. an hour or even less in others, e.g., Tiverton and Barnstaple. Again, the wages of REPORT. sh- ear penters and joiners vary from IQd. an hour to 5d. per hour in different districts, and similar variations are shewn by the wages of many other classes of operatives. To attempt to account for local variations of wages by pointing out the causes at work in different cases, and showing how these causes operate to produce divergencies of the nature referred to, would be a difficult task, and one obviously beyond the scope of a Report such as the present. But a few words on some salient points connected with this interesting question may not be out of place. It is certain that the causes of local variations in wage-rates are at once numerous and complex. As a rule, wages in the same trade are higher in London and other large towns than in the smaller centres of industry. In part, this fact is attributable to the higher cost of living incurred by the workmen, especially in regard to house rent ; in part, no doubt, to the fact that on the average a somewhat higher standard of skill is expected in large centres, and that a higher rate of pay once established has a tendency to perpetuate itself by attracting the more highly skilled workmen. Moreover, in some cases, the wider labour market and the greater " mobility " of the inhabitants of a large town may place them in a better position to demand high pay than those workmen who live in a small town or village, and would have to migrate to a considerable distance in order to obtain work elsewhere. But although the general rule, that wages are higher in large centres than in small, is of wide application, it is clear from the tables that this rule has not a few exceptions, which could only be explained by a full knowledge of the local circumstances. Thus, in many cases, it will doubtless be found on close examina- tion that the differences of wages are to be partly explained by differences in the character of the work principally done in the districts in question. For it is to be remembered that within the limits of one and the same trade the nature of the work done in different places and the conditions of employment vary some- what widely, and that the fitters (for example) who receive 27s. per week in the railway shops at Crewe are not engaged on the same class of work as those who are paid 36s. per week at Manchester. Lastly, it is necessary to observe that the difference in the market rates quoted for different districts must not be taken to represent with any approach to accuracy the true difference in the average wages level of those localities. For this difference of level is influenced by variations in the proportions of the various classes of highly-paid and low-paid operatives as well as by variations in the market rates of wages for each class. Due weight should be given to this point in any comparison which may be instituted between the wages level of (e.g.) the Northern and Southern Counties of England and Ireland, or of the urban and rural districts generally. Xll. REPORT. While, however, the figures given in this Report showing the standard rates of wages in each locality can be used only with a considerable degree of caution as tests of the average wages earned by the general body of workpeople in each industry, the tables showing the rates of wages recognised in different trades in each of a series of years, cannot fail to throw much light upon the movement of wages in the important industries with which these tables deal. I have, &c., H. LLEWELLYN SMITH. Labour Department, Board of Trade, August, 1900. A -STAN CARD RATES OF WAttES AT IST JANUARY, 1900, BUILDING TRADES. The rates of wages and hours of labour given in the Table are based upon returns prepared by the undermentioned Associations and published for the most part in their periodical reports : ( National Association of Master Builders. BRICKLAYERS ... \ Operative Bricklayers' Society. ( United Operative Bricklayers' Society. National Association of Master Builders. Society of Operative Stonemasons of MASONS CARPENTERS AND England, Ireland, and Wales. United Operative Masons' Association of Scotland. National Association of Master Builders. Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners. JOINTERS Associated Carpenters and Joiners. General Union of Carpenters and Joiners. SLATERS National Association of Master Builders. i National Association of Master Builders. PLUMBERS ] United Operative Plumbers' Association. ( Operative Plumbers' Association of Scotland. ^ National Association of Master Builders. DT ' om-p-D-p-Dc <^ National Association of Operative Plasterers. PLASTERERS ...^ s co ttish National Operative Plasterers' v Federal Union. f National Association of Master Builders. I Amalgamated Society of House Decorators and Painters. PAINTERS { National Amalgamated Society of House and Ship Painters and Decorators. I Scottish Amalgamated Society of House I and Ship Painters. LABOURERS ... National Association of Master Builders. In those cases in which (in addition to Slaters and Labourers) the information rests solely on the returns of the National Association of Master Builders, the fact is stated in a footnote. All other rates are given on the joint authority of the National Association of Master Builders and the Trade Union concerned or on that of the Trade Union only. In a few cases in which the information has been obtained from other sources, the authority is given in a footnote. 2826 2 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom (In most cases the rate of wages and hours of labour have been agreed LOCALITY*. Eate per hour, BRICK- LAYERS. MASOXS. CARPEXTERS AXl) JOIXEltS. SKATERS. d. d. PLASTERERS. PAINTERS. LAUOUHER.S. ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties and Cleveland. Alnwick d. a. 9 d. d, 8 d. Amble - - 74 - - - - - Annfleld Plain 94 9 - - - - Bamburgh - . 10 84 - - - _ Barnard Castle 8 - Berwick-on-Tweed . . Bishop Auckland *<*) 8 8 8 n o 8 7(a) 44, C Blackhill .. .. 9 - _ Blyth i 10 94 10 94 i 38*.(6) d. 94 d. 8i d. 8,64 Uockton-on-Tees . . 9 9() 9 10 84 - 74 64 Sunderland 10 10 94 94 375.(ft) 94 84 64 Walker-on -Ty ne 10 iVallsend 10 - - 84 iVest Stanley . . 10 - - - iVhitburn - - 94 - - - iVhitehaven . . - - 7 - 7i - - *Vindermere . . 84(a) 84(nO 1(0) 84 7(a) 8(a) 1(0) 54 Rforkington 8 1 " 74 ^~ Yorkshire (except Cleveland). Barnsley 84 84 84 84 8 84 7*a) 6,64 Batley 6(/) Beverley 74 7 Singley 8 84 Bradford 8f 81 84 84 8 94 71 6 Bridlington 8 8 74 9 1(0) 8 5,6 Dastlef ord 8 8() 74 9 l(o) 840?) 1(0} 6,64 Dhapel Allerton 9 Jleckheaton See Spen Valley. Dewsbury 843 50 53 53(.<0 I 494 : 50,52 Stockton-on-Tees. 50 444 50 50 53 50 50(a) 50 Sunderland. - - 50 - - - - - Walker-on-Tyne. - - 50 - - - - - Wallsend. 50 - - - - West Stanley. - 50 - - - Whitburn. 54 524 - - - Whitehaven. 534(a) 534() 55(rt) 534 5500 55 55(fO 534 Windermere. 54 ~~ 54 ~ " Workington Yorkshire (except Cleveland). 494 494 50 50 50 50 52400 ! 494,50 Barnsley. - - - - 494(/) Batley. 53 53 - - - Beverley. - 494 494 - - : - Bingley. 494 494 494 494 494 52(n) j 494 Bradford. 554 554 554 554 554(rt) 554 554 Bridlington. 56 66(a) 56 53 66(fl> 56 5600 Castleford. - 494 - - - - Chapel Allerton. See Spen Valley. Cleckheaton. 49400 494 494 494 494 494 Dewsbury. 54 494 5'2 54 54(a) 54 64() 494, 54 Donoaster. 554 554(a) 554 554(a) - 554 Driffleld. 554 554 - - - - - Goole. 494() 494 494 504 504 5400 494, 504 Halifax. 494 494 494 50 50 50 E0(a) ; 494,50 Harrogate. - _ 51 - - - - . ~ Hebden Bridge. 494(0) ~ Heckmondwike. 494(a) B5K) - 6000 49$ 524(a) : 494 Holmflrth. ( f) Builders' Labourers' Union. (// f. Huddersfleld 9 9 84 84 74 8 74 6,&2^.(&) Hull 9 9i 9 9 8y ) 8 84,7 Idle - 8d 4 - - Ilkley 84 8 71 Keighley 84 74 Hi 74 n 7 6 Leeds 9 9 9 9 84 94 64,7 Malton - 8 7 _ _ - 6! - Manningham .. See Bradford. Mexborough 84 8 . _ _ Mirfleld See Dewsbury. Morley 84^a) 84 74 9 84(/ 84 7 S(o) la) 74 6 Spen Valley . . 84(a) 84tj - - Normanton. __ 55 Fontefract. 49* 494 494 49J 49 49$ 49*(a) 49* Rotherliairi. 52 49* 52 53 53 61 5Ka) 49*, 52 Scarborough. 52 - . - - Sedbergh. 56J 53 55* - 55*(/) Selby. 49| 49j() 49*fa) 4P* 49* 49* 49* 40* 49* 49* 54* 49* 49* 4ii*(V> w* 49* 49* 49*(,a) 55*(o) 49* 49* 49* Sheffield. Shipley and Saltaire. Skipton. 49Ka) 49*() 50 49* 49i!, 61 Atherton 91 9 8 Bacup 8 71 Barrow-in -Furne.ss . . 9 9 , I 81 summer. 9 winter. ! -i 81 summer. 81 winter. > 6,61 Birkenhead 91 91 '-=} 9 91 91 81 5, 61 Blackburn 10 91 9 9 9 9 8 51, 61 Blackpool 91 9f 81 81 9 10 8 6 Bolton 10 91 9 9 9 10 81 81 Burnley 9 9 8 8 8 8(a) 8 6 Bury 10 91 9 81 9 8(a) 8 5,6,61 Chester 9 9 3* i 81 summer. 8! winter. \ - 71 5,5| Ohorley 9 91 81 8 8 8 71 51,6 Clitheroe - 7 71 - - - 71 - Colne 9(a) 81(a) 8 8 8(a) 81 71 6 Oompstall 8 - - Congleton 71 - 7 - - Crewe 8 81(a) 7 8 - 9 7 5, 51, 6 Dalton-in-Furness . . - 8i - - - - - Darwen 91 91 81 91 9(o) 9 8 6,61 Denton 1000 91 9 81 9(a) BK) 81 51,61 Droylsden Earlestown 10 8 9 ! ~ 81 Eccles 91(a) 91 8 9 91tolG(,M 81 51 to 7 Egremont 91 - - 81 - Farn worth 9 81 Fleetwool 91 8 8 8 Frodsham 84te) 81f) 71 81 8Ka) 7(a) 5,51 Garston N'-i Liverpool. (a) National Association of Master Builders. BUILDING TRADES. OPERATIVES-1900. . (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour iu Summer. LOCALITY. BRICK- LAYERS. MASONS. CARPENTERS AJ.J) JoiiiEits. Sl,ATER8. PLUMBERS. PLASTKUKRS. PAINTBBS. LABOURER.-. Lancashire and Cheshire cunt. 64() I9j 54J(a) 544 544<> 544 ' 544 Alderley Edge. 54 494 494 544 494 52 52(a) 494,52,544 Altrincham. 544 544 - - Ashton-in-Makerfield .144 494 534 52 544 54, 544 Barro\v-in-Furness. !<<.', 494 1 494 494 494 494 494(ff) 494 Birkenhead. 49 49 49 49 49 49 54(a) 49 Blackburn. 49i 494 494 494 494 494 494(a) 494 Blackpool. 494 48 494 494 49 494(70 514(J 484,494 Bolton. 494 ; 494 51 50 54 54 54(a) 494, 54 Burnley. 53 ! 484 534 54 49 534 54(a) 484, 534 Bury. 544 494 544 544 544 544 544' 49?/rn 494 494 524(a) 494 54(a) 494 Colne. 49 - - Compstall. 58 53 - Congleton. 54(a) 54 54 54 54() 54 Crewe. 544 - - - - Dalton-in-Furneys. 49 49 49 49 49() 49 49(rO 49 Darwen. r44(ni i!>4(/), 534 544 544<) 54J 544(a) 494,544 Denton. 644 494 - - - Droylsden. 54.1 - 544 _ _ - - - Earlestown. M,n 494 r>u 494 52 52() 494,52,544 Eccles. 66 - ' - - Egremont. 494 _ _ - - - Farnworth, 544 54 54 Fleet wood. ;>u<,/> ni.^7 .-,44 5U 544 544(a) 544 ! Frod sham. frr Liverpool* Garston. 10 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGE^ and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY. Bate per hour. BlUCK- LAYBUS j GARPENTKU.S KA8O53. AND ! JOIXEUS. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. i'LASTERKUS. i'AlSTBHB. LABOURERS d. d. '/. d. d. d. d. d. Lancashire and Ch'eshire con t. Great Harwood - 8 - - - - Haslingden - - 8 8 - 1 Hey wood 10 9A $$ 8 8 9(a) 8 6,64 Horwich 9 9 8i - 8 Hoylake.. 9* 94 9^ 0* - - - Hyde 10 P4 9 8i 9fa) B4(a) 84 5,6 Knutsf ord - - 7i - - - - - Lancaster 10 04 8 9i 8 9i 7 51, 6 Lees . . .... - 94 - - - - - - Leigh n 91 9* 8i 84 9 8 M Ley land 9 9(ff) Ka) Si 8(a) 84(a) 7i(*.') 5, 54, 6 Liscard ti - N - - - Littleborough - 8i - - - - ; - Liverpool ft* 94 9i 84 94 84 o, 54, 6 Longridge 94(a) 7K) 8 84(o) 8() 8(a) 5* Lytham - 94 8 - - - - Macclesfleld 74 74 7* 74 - 7,7i Manchester 10 94 N 9 ^ 9i Si 54, 6, 6 7 Marple - - 8 - - - - Middleton 10 94 8 8 8J(> 9(a) 8(a) 54,84 Middlewich ft 7 - Monton .. lOCa) *K) K) 8 9(a) 94(a) 8((Y ) 5ito7 Moi-ecambe 94 9k 8 " B4 8 N 74 6 Nantwich 64 64 6(rt) 4,5 Nelson .. - 9 8 8 84 8 6 Neston - 9^ ; - - North wich .. 9 8 9 8 9(a) 7(> : Oldham 10 9i ', 84 9 P 8i 54, 64, 7 Ormskirk 8 8 - Padiham - g 8 8 8 544 544< 49i,554 Lancaster. 484 - - _ _ Lees. 534 484 484 534 54 53* 54() 484. f>34 Leigh. 54 <'<) 4'4(r/> 54 54(,/) 494 494<i) 544 Stockport. 544 - 49i - _ Swinton. 54i - 54^ Tarporley. - 494 51 494 54 Todmorden. 534 - 48i - Tyldesley. - 544 54i - Ulverston. 49^ _ Walkden. 54J(a) 48J(a) 49J 49| 494 494 49400 494, 544 Wallasey. 54* 54* 54* 544 - m 544(a) 544 Warrington. 48| 54 494 Waterloo and Sea- fortb. West Houghton. 54i - - - - - Whitefleld. 55 - ,".") 55 54 55 540*) 55 Widnes. 544 494 54J 544 544 544 544(a) 494, 544 Wigan. 544(a) 4Ka) 544 544 564(a) 54 56i() 494, 54, 544 Wilmslow. (h) Lancashire and Cheshire Building Trades Federation. 14 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATKS ot* WA<-;ES. and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 11MM), in the underinennoneci Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY, Rate per hour. BRICK- LAYERS. CARPENTEBS MASONS.' AND | JOINERS. SLATERS. PLUMBBBS. PLASTERERS. PAIKTBBS. LABOUBBB8 Lancashire and Cheshire cunt. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. Winsford 8 - 71 - - - - - Withington 9* - - 81 wo North and West Mid- land Counties. Alcester 7 - - - - - - - Alfreton Armitage 8*) 84 8 !* summer. 8 winter(a). ! : 6ito7 N Arnold - 8 - Atherstone 7 ' ' - - Bakewell 81 - - 5 Beeston 8 Birmingham . . 9 9* H 9 01 H 8 6^to7 Blackheath 8 - - Blyth Marsh .. tt - - - - - - Boston 7 6 to 7 - - - Bridgnorth 61 - - - - - 51 - BrierleyHill .. 8 8 - - - Bristol 8f 81 81 81 81 9 8 61 Bromsgrove 71 - N - - - 6 - Burslem & US. OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives ront inn-erf. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BllK'K- LAYKE3. MASOSS. CARPKXTERS SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAINTHRB. LABOURERS Lancashire and Cheshire cont. 554 554 - WinWord. - - 494 - - - - - Withingtcn. . North and West Mid- land Counties. 564 - - - - - Alcester. 56(/n 56 56 54(.7> - Man 56 Alt'relon. 56 Armitage. _ _ 54 . Arnold. 564 * - - - Atherstone. __ 494 Bakewell. 54 - Beeston. 54 51 51 54 54 51 564 54 Birmingham. 54 - Blackheath. 544 - Blyth Marsh. 54 - 54 - Boston. 564 - - ~ Bridgnorth. 564 564 Brierley Hill. 54 564 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 Bristol. Bromsgrove. Sec Potteries District. Burslem. 554 5i 49J 54 56 54 56 54(a) 54(/) Burton-on-Trent. Buxton. - 554 - Cannock. 564 - Cheadle. 564 564 564 564 564 504 564 564 Cheltenham. 554 494 - - Chesterfield. 564<"ji 56(rt) 564 56400 564 5640/) 564 Cirencester. 56 - 56 - Coalville. 554 53 554 554 554 554 55'("> 53, 554 Coventry. M* _ _ _ _ Cradley Heath. 56> [ f.'4 , - - ; - 1 - Darlaston. 56 ') Trade Union. f /) Builders' Labourers' Union. 16 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900., in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY. Bate per hour. BaiOK- LAYB&S. MASOXS. OABPENTERS AXD JOIKBBB. SLATSRS. PLUHBBBS. PLASTEREUS. PAINTBBS. LABOURERS d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. North and West Mid- land Counties cont. Dudley 8 8(a) 8 7 8(a) 8 7 5 E vesham - - 7 - - - - - Fishponds 8 84 84 - - - - Gainsborough.. 8 - - - - - - - Glossop - Bi 8ft - - - 8 - Gloucester 8 7 7* 74 to 8 - 7i 7 5 Gornal 8 - - - Grantham 7i 74 7J i 74(a) 6 .4,4^ Gresley 8 - .- - - Grimsby 9 9 8 - 8 - 7 6,7 Hadfleld - 04 - - - - - - Halesowen 8 - Hanley See Potteries District. Hereford n 7 7 74 7 U 6(n) 4 Hinckley 7| - 74 - - - 7 6K/) Horncastle 5i - - - Hacknall Torkard .. 84 - - - Ilkeston 8^ 84 7i 9 - 9<) 7(a) 5} to 3$ Kenilworth 6i - Kidderminster 8 7:! 71 7i 7Ka) 7Ka) 6i 5 King's Norton - - - - - - . 6K/) Kings-wood See Bristol. Knowle - 8 _^^ t Langley 8 Leamington 8 84 8 8fa) 8J 7 5 Ledbury 7 7 - - - 4}(/> Leek 8 8 72 - n _ 7 - Leicester 9 9 9 9 9 10 8 84,7 Lichfleld 7 to 8(a 8 6 to l(a) 7 to 7i() 6 to 6jr) 3i to 4$ Lincoln 84 8 8 9 7 5 Long Eaton 81 84 8 - - - 7 6(.O Longton [See Potteries District Loughborough 8 9 8 9 7K) 9 7 5 to 6 (a) National Association of Master Builders, BUILDING TRADES. 17 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BRICK- LAYERS MASONS CARPENTERS AND JOIMCUS. SLATEBS. PLUJIBKRS. PLASTKttKBS. PAIJfTEHS. LABOUREUS North and West Mid- land Counties con t. 54 54(fl 54 54 54(a) 54 54 54 Dudley. _ 59 Evesham. 54 54 54 Fishponds. 53* - - Gainsborough. - 49* 49* - - Glossop. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56^ Mi m Gloucester. 54 - - - - Gornal. 54 54 54 54 54 54Ca) 54 Grantham. 54 Gresley. 53 53 53 53(a) 53 Grimsby. 49* - Hadfleld. 54 . - Halesowen. See Potteries District Hanley. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56 56J 56*(a) 56* Hereford. 59 59 56 59(/) Hinckley. 58* Horn castle. _ 54 Hucknall Torkard. 55* 55* 55* 55J 55^(a) 56* Ilkeston. _ . _ Kenilworth. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56K) 56i 56*(rt) 56i Kidderminster. _ _ 59(7) King's Norton. See Bristol. Kingswood. 59 __ _ _ Knowle. 54 _ __ Langley. 56* 56* 56| _ 56*(a) 56i 56i 56J Leamington. 59 59 _ - Ledbury. 55* 54 54 55i - - Leek. 56* 53 53 56i 54 53 56i 53,56i Leicester. 56J(a) 54* ~ 56*() 56i 56J(a) 56* Lichfleld. 53 53 53 53 53 55*(a) 53 Lincoln. 54 54 54 - 54 Long Eaton. 3cc Potteries District. Longton. 56* ;1|! 56* 54 _ 66* 56* 55*. 56* Lough borough. (e) Per day. (/) Builders' Labourers' Union. 2826 18 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY. Rate per hour. BRICK- LA YRllS. MASONS. CABPKVTKBS AND JOINKUS. SLATEBS. PLUMBEBS. PLASTEUEBS. PAIKTBBS. LABOUBEBS. North and West Mid- land Counties cont. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d Louth 6i - Ludlow Q - 6* - - - Malvern 8 8 8 8(a) 8 6 5 Mansfield 81 8| 8 8- - - 7 5,5 Market Drayton 6 6 - - Market Harborough 8 8 7 - - - 5(/) Matlock - 8 U - - - - Melton Mowbray 8 - 7i - - - - Middleton (Derby) . . - 71 - - -^ - - Newark 8 8(a) n 8i 71 8Ko) 7 5 to 6 Newcastle - under - Lyme. Newport (Salop) _ i ^ee Potter ies District. _ __ Nottingham 9 01 9 9 9 10 81 61,7 Nuneaton 8 8i 8 8(a) - 7 5(c), 6 Old Hill 71 - - - - - - Oswestry 71 7* 6 6 - Potteries District . . 8J 8J 8 81 81 71 5i6i Redditch 71 7i - - Eetford 7 7 7 - Rugby 8 8 8 8 8(a) 9 7 5 Scunthorpe 8 - Shifaal - 7 - - Shrewsbury 8 8 8 71 81 6i 5J,5J Sleaford 7i 1 6i - - Smethwick .. See Bir ningham. Stafford 71 n - 8(a) 8(rt) 7 4i,5 Stoke-on-Trent 1 See Potteries District. Stone 8 8 7 - Stourbridge 8 8 8 - Stratford-on-Avon .. 7 8 7 81 - Stroud 4 6 6 6 1(0) 6 5 to 6 (a) 4 Sutton Coldfleld 9 71 - Sutton-in-Ashfleld .. - 7J ~ - - (a) National Association of Master Builders. (c) Trade Union. BUILDING TRADES. 19 !. OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. at Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BBIOK- LAYEBS. MASONS. CABPKNTKBS AND JOKNMKS. 8LATKB8. PLOMBKRS. PLASTKBKBS. PAIHTBBB. LABOUBIBB. North and West Mid. land Counties cont. 56 _ Louth. 56* 56* Ludtow. 56* 56* 56* 56*(a) 56* 56*() 56i Malvern. 55 54* 55 55 55(o) 54*, 55 Mansfield. 55* 55* - - Market Drayton. m 60* 56 - - - Market Harborough. 52 54* - Matlock. 56 56* - Melton Mowhray. - 56* - Middleton (Derby). 55* 53(a) 55* 55* 52* 55* . 55*(a) 53,55* Newark. _ 56* See Potter ies District. _ _ Newcastle-under- Lyme. Newport (Salop). 54 5H 53* 54 54 54 53*(a) 51*. 54 Nottingham. m 56* 56* 56*(a) 56*(o) 56* Nuneaton. 56* - - Old Hill. 56* 56* 56* - - Oswestry. 54* 54* 53 - 54* 54* 54J Potteries District. 56* 56* - - Redditch. 56* 55* - - Retford. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56*(nr) 56* 56* 56* Rugby. 56* - - Scunthorpe. 56* - Shifnal. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56* 56*(a) 56* Shrewsbury. 56* 55* 54 - Sleaford. See Bin ningham. Smethwick. 56* 56* 56*(rt) 56* 56*(a) 56* Stafford. See Potter ies District. Stoke-on-Trent. 55* 55* Stone. 56* 56* 56* - Stonrbridge. 56* 56* 56* Stratford -on-A von. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56*(a) 56* 56*(a) 56* Stroud. 54 Sutton Coldfleld. - - 54 - - - - - Sutton-in-Ashfield. 2826 STANDARD TIME RATES, BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY. Eate per hour. BRICK- LAYERS. MASONS. CARPEXTKRS AND JOINBKS. SLATKUS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAINTERS. LABOURERS. North and West Mid- land Countiescow^. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. Tamworth 8 8* 8 - 8 - 7 54C/) Tettenhall 81 - - - - - - - Tewkesbury .. 61 ~ 74 - - - - - Tun stall .. See Potteries District. Uttdxeter 74 - - - - - - - Walsall BJ 84 8 8 84 8(a) 64 to 7 5i to 5|, 6 Warwick B4 74 - 8 - - Wednesbury .. 8 - 8 - - - - 4i,5(/) Wellington 71 - 74 - . - - . ej - West Bromwich 8i 84() % - 74 9 64 to 7 54,6 Whitchurch .. 4s.O) - Whitwell - 61 - - - Willenhall . . - - BI - - - Wolverhanipton 84 9 84 *4 8| 8J(a) 74 6,6 Worcester 8 81 8* - 81 81 7 5 Worksop 74 8 n South Midland and Eastern Counties. Aylesbury - 7 i - - - - - Banbury i - - Bedford a 71 71 - - Bishop Stortf ord - - 64 ' - - - Brentwood 9 - - - 64 - Bury St. Edmunds .. 8 - - Cambridge H 8 U 74 8 8 6(0) 44,4f,5 Chelmsf ord n 8() 74 74(a) - 6 5,54 Clacton 84 - 84 - - 10 - - Colchester 7 9 7 7 8(a) - 54 4,44 Cromer N 64 94 - - East Dereham 6 6 Felixstowe 8 9() 8 - 7(a) Bfca) - 44,5 Grays 9 9 Halstead 6 - - - - _ - ' - (or) National Association of Master Builders, BUILDING TRADES. 21 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BBTCK- LA.TKBS. MASONS. CARPENTERS AND Joi.NKUS. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAINTS us. LABOURERS. North and West Mid land Counties con t. 55* 54 55* 55* - m(f) Tamworth. 54 - - - Tettenhall. 56* - 56* - Tewkesbury. See Potteries District. Tun stall. 57* - - - . Uttoxeter, 55* - 55* 55* 55* 55* 55* 55* Walsall. - 56| 56* 56* 56* Warwick. 54 - 56* - - - - - Wednesbury. - 55* - - - - - Wellington. 54 54() 54 54 55* 54 West Bromwich. 56* Whitchurch. - 56* - - - - - - Whitwell. - - 56* - - - Willenhall. 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 Wolverhampton 54 54 54 54 54 . 54 54 Worcester. 54* 56 55* Worksop South Midland Eastern Counties - 56* 56* - - - - - Aylesbur> 56* - - - - Banbui y. 56* 56* 56* - - - - Bedford. - - 56* - - - - - Bishop Sfortford. 56* - - - - 56* - Brentwood. 56* - - - - - - Bury St. Edmunds. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56* 56* 56*(a) 56* Cambridge. 56* 56*(a) - 56*(a; - 56* 56* Chelmsford. 56* - 56* - Clacton. 56* 56* 56* 56* 56*(a) 56* 56* Colchester. 59 - 59 - - Cromer. 59 60 East Dereham 56* 50(o) 56* - 59(a) 56* - 56*, 59 Felixstowe. 56* - 56* Grays. 56 Halstead. (e) Per day. ( ] ) Builders' Labourers' Union. STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom for LOCALITY. Rate per hour. BRICK- LAYKBS. VlASONS. CARPENTERS AND JOINERS. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAINTERS. LABOURERS. South Midland and Eastern Counties cont. ' d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. Haverhill 54 5 - - - Henley-on-Thames . . - - 7 - - - . - Hertford and Ware . . 8 7 - - - High Wy combe 8 8(> 7 to 8 8 8(a) 84(a) 6400 6,64 Hitchin 7 - - - - Hoddesdon 8 - - - - Ipswich 7 8 7 - 8 8 6 5,64 Kettering 74 8 74 - 8 84 Leighton Buzzard . . 7 Lowestof t 74 7(a) 74 - 74 74 6 5 to 54 Luton 8 8 8 - - Lynn 7 7 7 - 1(0) 7 84() 4,44 Newmarket 8 8 - - 6 Northampton .. 8 8 84 - 84 8(a) 7,74 54 North Walsham 84 - 54 - - Norwich 71 74 74 74 - 8 6 5 Oxford 8 8* 8 8 84 8 84(a) 5 Peterborough.. n - 7 - - Bushden 74 - 7 - - Saffron Walden 64 - - - St. Albans 84 8 84 - - 10 74 5400 St.Neots 6 - South end-on-Sea 9 9 9 9 9(a) Ko) 6 Uxbridge 9 - 9 Waltham Abbey 9 - 9 - - Walton 8(0 0( 74 - Ko) 04(a) 4,5 Watford 84 84 84 8 9 74 54 Wellingborough 8 8(a 74 8(a) 84(a) 64(a) 5,5 Wendover 8( K* 7(o) 9 70) 0(a) 6(a) 4,4A Wisbech 6* *** 64 " " 58 Chichester. 56* - 56^ 56J - - - 56* Cowes. - - 66* - - - Crawley. m - 54 - - Dartford. - - 56J - - Dorking. 56* 55 56i - - Dover. 56* 56* 56i 56i 56J 56* Eastbourne. - 56^ - East Grinstead. 68$ 56i - - Egham. 55* 56J - Epsom. (/oThe London Plasterers' rate was formally raised by agreement to lid. and the Carpenters' and Joiners' rate to I0*r/. on 16th March and 19th April, 1900, respectively. 26 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY. Rate per hour. BRICK- LAYERS MASONS. CARPENTERS AND JOINEUS. SLAT BUS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAINTERS. LABOURERS. South-Eastern Counties cow*. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. Erith 10 H - - Farnham 71 - Folkestone 84 8 8 84 9(a) 10 7K) 6,6 Godalming n - - - - - Gosport 8 - 7i - - - - 6JC*) Gravesend 9 9(a) 9 9 9 9 7 6 Guildford 8 8 9 74 5(c) Hastings and St. Leonards. Havant 8 : 8 64 8 8 9 7 5J,6 Horsham 74 - - - 64 to 7(a) - Maidenhead 8 8 - - 9 7 - Maidstone 8 8 8 8 8 8 74 5| Margate 9 9(a) 84 84 9(a) - 84() 5 Newport (I. of W.) . . 7 - 6 - Portsmouth 81 84 8 ' 84 6 6 Eamsgate 9(a) - - - 9(n) 9(a) 6(a) 5 Reading.. 8 84 8 9 8 9 6i 5 Bed Hill 84 - 8Ka) 84 9(0) 10(a) 7K) 54,6 Reigate 8( - B| 84 9(a) 10(a) 74 5^,6 Rochester 9 8 84 9 84 9(a) 7 54 Ryde 6 - 6 6 St. Mary Cray.. 10 - 10 - - - - - Seaford 8(a - 7(a) - 8(a) 8J(a) 1(0) 5 Sevenoaks 8 - 8 - - - Sheerness - - 8 - - Sidcup - - 10 - - 10 - - Sittingbourne 8 - - Southampton 8 74 summer 8 winter 8 8 8 7 5 Swanley.. 10 fa) National Association of Master Builders. BUILDING TRADES. 27 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at i'or the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BlUOK- LAYEB.S. MASONS. CARPENTERS AND JQUUNUk SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAINTEUS. LABOURERS. South-Eastern Counties cont. 56} 54 Erith. - - 56} - - Farnham. 56.1 56} 56} 56 56J(o) 56} 58K) 56} Folkestone. - - 56} Godalming. 56| - 56} 55}(o) Gosport. 56} 56}(fl) 56} 56.} 56} 56} 56} 56} % Gravesend. 56} - 56.i 56} - 56} Guildford. m : 56} 50.} 56} 56 56} 56} 56} II a s t i n pr s and St. Leonards. Havant. 56} - - - 56i(a) Horsham. 66| 56.} 56} Maidenhead. 55| 55.} 55} 55} 55} 55} 55} Maidstone. 66j 56* 50.i 56i 56} 56}(rO 56} Margate. 56} - 56} Newport (I. of W.). 554 55} 55^ 55} 55 55} Portsmouth. 55(o) - 55(rt) 55 66Ca) 55 Eamsgate. 56} 55} 55^ 55} 55} 55} 55}, 56i Beading. - - 56} 56} 56}(>0 - - 56} Red Hill. - 50A 56} 56}(rt) - 56} Reigate. 55} 65| 55i- 55* 55} 55} 55} 55} Rochester. 56} - 56i - - Ryde. 56} - 55h - St. Mary Cray. 56}(a) - 56Ka) 56}(a) 56} 56}(a) 56} Seaford. 56} - 56i Sevenoaks. - 56^ Sheerness. - 56^ Sidcup. 56} - - Sittingbourne. 56} 64* 56i 56} 56} 56} 56} Southampton. - - - - - - - - Swanley. ;) Trade Union. 28 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom for LOCALITY. Eate per hour. BBICK- LAYKRS. MASONS. CABPEXTBRS , AND JOIXKR8. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAIKTBRS. LABOURERS. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. South-Eastern Counties cont. Tonbridge 8 8 8 Tunbridge Wells tt 8J(a) 84 8 9 9 74 6 Westgate-on-Sea - - 84 - - - - Weybridge - - 84 - - - - Winchester 7 64 7 - - - - - Windsor 8 8 8 - 8 9 7 to 7J(a) 5,54 Woking 8 - 8 - - - 5(f) Woolston 8 Worthing 74 B| 74 - - - - - York Town 74 """" ~~ ~~ South-Western Counties. Barnstaple 51 54(a) 54(a) - 5(a) - 54(a) 34 to 44 Bath 7 7 7 7 64 to 74(a) 64 6 4 Bideford 6 Box - 64 - - - - - Bradford-on-Avon .. 6 - - - - - Branksome 74 - - - Bridg water 64 6J(a) 64 64 64(a) 6J(a) 6(a) 34 Brixham 6(a) 6(a) 54(a) 6 5(a) 6(a) 5(a) 4 Clevedon 7 7 Corsham - 64 - - - - - - Dartmouth - 6 6 6 - - 44 Dawlish - 6 - - - - - Delank 8 - Devonport - - 8 - - - 7 - Dorchester 7(a) 6(a) 6 7() 6(a) 6(a) 4,44 Exeter 8 8 5(a) ( 6| 1 ] summer f (winter(a)) 5(a) \ summer ( (winter ) Salisbury - 71 Si - Sherbourne 60*) 6() 6(a) 6 8(a) 6(a> BK*) - Street 6 Swindon 7 6i Taunton 6 6 6 Tavistock - 61 6 - - Tiverton 6 - 61 " - 4 Torquay 1(0) 7 71 7 7 71 - 44 Irowbridge 61 - Truro 51to8(a) 7J,8J,9 5 5Jto6 6K) 5(a) 5i() 4^ Wadebridge - 7 - - Weston -super-Mare. . 71 71 71 71 7 5(j) Weymouth H 7 6 - - - - - Yeovil 6 5|,6 (a) National Association of Master Builders. * The rate for Granite Masons and Wallers is l\d. per hour, Bath Stone Masons 8^., and Bath Stone Fixers 9d. per hour. BUILDING TRADES. 31 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour In Summer. LOCALITY. BRIOK- I,AVKttS. MAROXS CARPENTERS AND JOI.MCllg. SI.ATEBS. PttJJIBKRS. PLASTKttKttS. PAINTERS. LABOURERS. South-Western Counties cont. _ 54 _ -_ . _ __ Gunnislake. - 58 Keinton. 51 Liskeard. 53 _ Morice Town. - 56* 56* Newton Abbot.' 56* - Parkstone, Sec Falmouth. Penryn. 58 56 , - Penzance. 53 53 53 53 53 52* 53 Plymouth. - - 54 Poole. 58(a 58 58(a) 58 58(a) 58 58(a) 58 Portland, Isle of. - 51 Prince Town. 54 - - - - - - llednith. 54C) 54() 54(o) 54 54(a) 54 54(a) 54 St. Austell. - 51 ~ _ St. Blazey. 56*. 56* Salisbury. 64(a) 64() 64() 64 64(0) 64 60(o) Sherbourne. - 58 Street. 59 _ _ _ _ Swindon. 56* 56* 56i Taunton. - 56 53J _ Tavistock. 53* - 56^ 56* Tiverton. 55*(a) 55* 55^ 55* 55* 55* 55* 55* Torquay. m - Trowbridge. 50(a) 56* 56 50 50(a) 56 50(rt) 50,56 Truro. - 50 - Wadebridge. 56* 56* 66| 56* 56*0') Weston-super-Mare. 59 56* 58* Weymouth. 56* 59 Yeovil. (j ) Working Rules. STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY. Bate per hour. BRICK- LAYBRS. MASONS. CARPENTERS AND JOIXEKS. SLATERS. PLUMBBBS. PLASTERERS. PAINTERS. LABOURERS. Wales and Monmouth. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. Aberavon - 8 7f - - - Aberdare 6 Abergavenny .. lk(a) ik 7 61 1(0) 6f() - 4,44 Abertillery - 8 Ammanford .. 8 Bangor - - 6f 6*.() 30s.(6) 3s. 4d.(e) Barry 8 8^ 8i - 8|(a) 8 & 9(a) 8(a) 5i,6 Brecon .. 6i 6 Bridgend 8 74 Buckley 8 Cadoxton 8* 9 Cardiff 9 9 8h 81 8i 9 Ik 5i Carnarvon Chepstow 5s. Qd. (a) (e) 5s. U. (a) (e) 5s. (e) 1 5s. (e) 7(a) 5s. Qd.(a)(e) * 3s. Qd.(e) Colwyn Bay 8 8 Ik - 7 6s.(e) 8J - Crickhowell .. 7 Denbigh 8(a) 8(a) 36s.(a)(&) 36s.(a)(&) - Dowlais - 7| 6i EbbwVale .. 8 5 Elan Valley .. - 9 - - - - Flint 5s.(e) . Knighton Llandudno . . < Llanelly 33s. summei 36s. winter () (6) 8(a) 9 J ?1(a) 8 r n i j summer f ) 7J ( V. winter ) 36s.(&) 8 8(0) 36s.(6) 8(a) 7 7(a) 22s.(b) 5 Llantrissant - - ik - - - - -1 Merthyr Tydvil 8(a) 8 8 8 8(a) 8 6^ 5 Milford Haven - - 5f - - - - Mold 6i . Monmouth 7 - - Morriston 8* - - - - Mumbles Scefr wanssa. (a) National Association of Master Builders, BUILDING TRADES. 33 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BRICK- LAYERS. MASOXS. CARPENTERS AJiD JOlMtBS. SLATKUS. PLUMBKRB. PLASTBIIKRS. PAISTHKS. LABOURERS. Wales and Monmouth 54 54 Aberavon. 54 Aberdare. 54(a) 54 54 54 54(a) 54 54 Abergavenny. 54 Atertillery. 54 - Ammanford. 55 55 55 Bangor. 56* 54 54 6K) 56* 54() 54, 56* Barry, 54 54 - - - Brecon. 54 54 - Bridgend. 64* - - Buckley. 54 - - Cadoxton. 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 Cardiff. 52*(a) 62*(a) 52* 52J(a) -52* 52*(a) 52* Carnarvon. - - 66* - - Chepstow. 54* 54* 64* 54* - - Colwyn Bay. 54 Crickhowell. 55(a) 55(a) 54* 54* - - Denbigh. - - H - 54 - Dowlais. 58 _ 58 Ebbw Vale. - 65* - - - Elan Valley. 55* - - - - Flint. 56* 56 - - - - Knighton. 54(a 54(a 55 54 - 54 64(a) 54 Llandudno. 54 - 54 Porth - . Quakers' Yard Swansea Tonypandy .. 84(a) 84 84 84 84 \\ 8 summer. 9 winter. } ; - 5 to 54 Tredegar - 8 74 8 - Treorky -_ , 7 - - - Usk - 64 . Wrexham 8 8 74 ~~ 8 74 ^ SCOTLAND. Aberdeen 84 84 84 8 84 8 5,54 Aberfeldy .. - 84 Airdrie 10(a 94 9 9 84(a) 94 9 54 Alexandria 94 9 84 Alloa 9(a 9 8 8 74 84 7a) 5,54 Alyth -- - ' ' - 74 - - Annan .. .. ., - 8 l(d) - Arbroath 8J(a) 84 8 74 74 74 8 5 Ayr 0(aj 9 9 84 ~~ 84 _ (n) National Association of Master Builders. BUILDING TRADES. 35 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BRICK- TAYKUS. MASONS OARTKNTERS ASD JoiiEM3. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. i'LASTBUKBS. PAIXTBHS. LABOURERS- Wales and Monmouth cont. 54 54 _ _ Neath. 54 54 r4 54 54 54 54 54 Newport. - 54 - Pandy. 56 54 - Pembroke. 54 54 - Penarth. - - Penygraig. 53(a> 58 54 68 53 ftf Pontypool. 54() 54 54 54 54 Pontypridd. Porth. - 54 - - - - - - Quakers' Yard. r>4<,/> ." 1 5-1 - 54 54 - 54 Swansea. - r.($i - _ _ Tonypandy. 54 54 54 I : Tredegar. Treorky. - 50^ - Usk. ' 55* '" 54 "~ " Wrexham. SCOTLAND. _ 51ni 51 j 51 51 51 51 51 Aberdeen. 51 - Aberfeldy. r>i<). r>i 51 51 51(rt) 51 51 51 Airdrie. 51 51 _ - Alexandria. 51(a) 51 51 51 54nt1a,nrt ' i 11^1 Cumnock. \gRAR rN. OF THE ii/croOlT*^ 1 OF STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY; Rate per hour. BllH'K- LAYEUS. MASONS. CAHPEXTKUS AND JOIXEltS, SLATEHS. PLCMBEIIS. PLASTEKEBS. PAINTERS. LABOURERS. _-rf . v SCOTLAND-co/tf. d. (I d. d. d. d. d. d. Cupar 8 7 Dalkeith WCa) Bfca) 9 9 Si 94(a) 8 9 8i 8 7(a) 84 8 5,51 Dunoon .. - 9 9 84 94 6 Edinburgh 10 N 9* 9 9 84 5 to 64 Elgin .. - 8.8J 7 74 8(a) 74 6J(a) 5 Ellon - - 64 - Falkirk Forfar 10 r 8i 9 7 to 74 84 7 9 74 84(a) 7(a) 6 4| to 5 Forres .. - 74,8 61 74 74() 64(a) 6(a) 44 Fortrose - - 7 - Galashiels 8 8 _ 8 8(W) Girvan .. .. - - 74 - - Glasgow 10 10 9 H n 9 54 Gorebridge - 9 - Govan 0* 10 _ _ _ 9 Grangemouth . . - - 84 - Greeno::k 10(') 94 9 i) 9 9(a) 9 54 Haddington - 84 Hamilton - 94 9 9 9 Hawick - 9 8 8 8 8U 8(a) 5 Helensburgh 94 Ql 5 94 9 Huntly Inverness 7.7J 8J(a) 8,84 6} 74 8 to 84 7 8 74 4 to 5 Inverurie 8j - - - - (a) National Association of Master i) Employers' Association. BUILDING TRADES. 39 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BRICK- LA YKBS. MASOSS. CABPEyTKttS AND JOISKllS. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLA8TKUKUS. PAISTBES. LABOUQBUR. SCOTLAND-tw//. 51 51 - - - - Cupar. 51(0) 51(o) 51 51 51() 51 51 51 51 51 51(a) 51 ol(o) 51 Dumfries. 51 51 - - - Dunbar. 51 51 - Dunblane. Bl(a) 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 Dundee. 51 51 - - 51 - Dunfermline. 51 51 - - - - Dunoon. 51 51 51 51 - 51 51 Edinburgh. 51 51 51 51(o) - 50(0) 51 Elgin. _ 57 - - - Ellon. 51 51 51 51 50,51 51 57(o) 51 Falkirk. _ 51 51 51 51 51 56(o) 51 Forfar. 51 51 52 51(a) 51 57(a) 51 * Forres. 57 - - - - Fortrose. 51 51 - - 51(d) - Galashiels. _ _ 56 - - - - Girvan. 51 51 51 51 - 51 - Glasgow. _ _ 51 - Gorebridge. _ 51 51 - 51 Go van. _ _ 51 - Grangemouth. 51 51 51 - 51 - Greenock. 51 - - - - Haddington, 51 51 51 51 - Hamilton. 51 51 51 51(a) 51 51(o) 51 Hawick. 51 51 51 - 56 - Helensburgh, 51 51 - - - Hun ;ly. 61(0) 51 51 51 51 51 56 Inverness. - - 56 - - Inverurie. 40 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOOALITT. Rate per hour. BRICK- LAYBRS. MASONS. CAIIFKXTERS AND JOIXBRS. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTKRKRS. PAINTERS. LABOURERS. SCOTLAND cont. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. [rvine - 9 8 lohnstone - 91 71 - - - 5|,6 Keith - - 61 1 61(a) 1(0) K) 4 to 41 Kelso .. - - 71 - - - - - Kilbarchan . . [7*1V *? A 91 8 . K.iiDirnie lilmarnock . . t^-T___4.v 91 9 9 81 81 9 81 5,51 DLiisytQ > Eilwinning 71 71 to 81 ELinghorn - - 81 - - - - Kirkcaldy 91() 9 81 7f 8 81 8(a) 4i KirkintiUoch ., - 91 91 - 9 - - Kirriemuir - 81 7 - 7(0 71(; 7(0 - Lanark - - 71 - - 8 - - Larbert - 91 81 - - - - - Largs 91 8 9 Larkhall 91 8 01 Lasswade Leith < 10(a) 91 05 91 _ 9 _ 81 __ Leven and District . . - 9(a) 71 7 9 7(a) - 5 to 3| Linlithgow - - 71 - - - - Lochee - 9,91 9 - - - - - Maryhill .. .. 91 10 Methil - - 71 Milngavie - 91 81 to 9 - - Montrose ' 8,81 7 ~\ 8 Motherwell - 91 9 9 9 Musselburgh .. - 91 91 81 8 - - - Muthill - 9 - - Nairn - 71,8 7 - 7 7 - Neilston - - 9 Newmilns .... -" 9 71 - Newport (Fife) - 9 -- - * North Berwick 10,101 9 (a) Xationa Association of Master Builders BUILDING TRADES. 41 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BRICK- LA YBBS. UASOXS. CARPENTERS AND JOIKJfUS. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAIXTBBS. LABOURERS. SCOTLAND cont. 51 51 _ Irvine. - 51 54 51 Johnstone. - - 57 57 51(a) 57 51(a) 57 Keith. - - 51 - Kelso. - 51 - - - Kilbarchan. - 51 - - - Kilbirnie. 51 51 51 51 51 51 56(a) 51 Kilmarnoek. - 51 - - - - Kilsyth. 57 - - - Kil winning. 54 - - Kinghorn. 51 51 - - - Kirkcaldy. 51 51 - - Kirkintilloch. 51 51 - ~ Kirriemuir. 57 - - Lanark. - 51 51 - - Larbert. 51 51 - - - 51 Largs. 51 51 - - - Larkball. - 51 - - Lasswade. 51(a) 51 51 - 51 51 Leith. 51(a) 51 51 51 51 - 51 Leven and District. 51 - - - - Linlithgow. 51 51 - Lochee. - 51 51 - - - - . MnryhilL 51 - - - Methil. - 51 51 to 57 - - - - Milngavie. 51 51 - - Montrose. - 51 51 - 51 51 Motherwell. 51 51 - - - Musselburgh. 51 - - Muthill. 51 51 - - Nairn. 57 - - Neilston. 51 - - _ Newmilns. 51 - - - Newport (Fife). ~~ 51 51 ~~ ' North Berwick. (?) Scottish Building Trades Federation. 42 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LocALirr. Bate per hour. BBICK- LAYBHS MASON'S. CAUPKNTKRS ASl) JOIN-BUS. SLATKIIS. PLASTEHEUS. PAINTEUS. LABOUJ:KUS. d. d. *. d. d. d. d. d. Oban 9 8 7to7i 7KJ) $(a) 8i(r/) 4f,5 Paisley 10(fl) * 9 9 9 k 9 5f,6 Partick 8| 10 - Peebles .. - - |i - - - - Perth .. 10(a) e,9i 8i Bi 8 k 8 5i6 Peterhead 7i(a) 7| 6 7 6i4) fi(a) BKa) 5 Pitlochry - W - - - - - - Pollokshaws '.. 9i 10 - - - - Portobello 9* - Bothes .. 6 - - Bothesay *) 9 9 8 8(rt) Si 9(a) 5 Butherglen - 0i 10 - - - - - St. Andrews 9i(a) Si ji 7 7(fl) 8 7i 5 Saltcoats and Ardros- 8i Ik to 8i - 8^ 8i 8^ - Shett'leston 10 - ' Skelmorlie Bi - - ' - - - - Slamannan .. 8 Stenhousemuir - - 8 - - - - - Stevenston - - 8i - - - - - Stewarton Si - - - Stirling lO(a) 9 8 8 8 H 7J(a) 6 Stonehaven 6 - - - - Stranraer 7 - - - - - - Tillicoultry .. - 9 8 - - - - - Troon ., - 9 ft - _ _ Uddingston .. - ' - 9 _ _ 9 WestCalder .. - 8i WestKilbride.. Bi 9 - - Whiteinch 10 - - - - Wishaw Bi 9 9i . 1 (a) National Association of Master Builders, BUILDING TRADES. 43 OPERATIVES -1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BUICK- LAYEB3. ilASOXS. CAUl'KXTKRS ASD JO1.NKH8. Sl.ATEHS. I'LUMI'.KIiS. PLASTKIIKKS. PAIXTE us. LABOUIIEUS. SCOTLAND cow*. - 51 51 55J() 56 51,56 Oban. 51U/) m 51 51 51 51 51 50, 51 Paisley. - 51 51 ~ Partick. - 51 Peebles. 5H) 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 Perth. 51() 51 51 56 51(a) 57 57(o) 57 Peterhead. - 51 . - - - Pitlochry. - 51 51 - - Pollokshaws. - - 51 - - - - Portobello. -: - 57 - - - - Rothes. oK.rt) 51 51 51 51(a) - 5100 51 Rothesay. _ 51 51 51 51 51 Butherglen. St. Andrews. 51 54 and 57 51 : 51 Saltcoats and Ardros- san. Shettleston. - 51 - - Skelmorlie. - - 51 Slamatinan. - - 51 . Stenhousemuir. - 54 to 57 Stevenston. 56 Stewarton. 51(a) 51 51 51 51 51 51(a) 51 Stirling. - 56 - - - - Stonehaven. - 57 . Stranraer. - 51 - Tillicoultry. - 51 - __ _ Troon. - - 51 - - 51 Uddingston. - - 51 - - - West Calder. 51 West Kilbride. . 51 Whiteinch. 51 54 - - - - - Wishaw 1 ' 44 STANDARD TIME RATES. BUILDING TRADE STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual SUMMER HOURS of LABOUR 1st January, 1900, in the undermentioned Towns of the United Kingdom LOCALITY. Hate per hour. BRICK- LAYERS MASOKS. CARPENTERS AJO JOISEUS. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAIXTERS. LABOURERS. IRELAND. d. 4 d. d d. d. d. d. rmagh illymena : 54 : _ _ ~ indon ingor .. 8 6 : : _ 3lfast .. tt 8J(a) 8| 8 Si 8i(a) 8(a) 19s.(&) irlow 28s. (6) - - urickf ergus . . - - 4 - - - - - ishel 6 _ . jleraine . . < 30s. (6) sum- mer. 1. 51 5s. 0) 27s. (6) i >rk .. .. .. winter. 5s.9d.(rt) 5*.0d.(a) 5s. 9d (a) 5s.9<7.(<0 8 5s. 9d. (a) ) 2s. Sd. (e) arragh Camp (e) GO 7 - - - onaghadee .. - - U - - - - - rogheda . . .. _ _ 6i _ 6 6 _ (8 sum- } ublin undalk 7 sum- mer, 7i winter. 8J(a) 8,8| mer < 36s. (6) 1 winter. I a) V 6s. 0) (a) 8 8 5) : nniskillen 5r 7 s ermoy 61 oly wood . . . . ilkenny 30s. (6) __ _ 28s. (6) ingstown - 8,8 - - - 7 - arne .. - - 51 - - - - imerick 5s. 4(i (e) - - isburn .. 71 - - ondonderry .. 7 7(a) 6i,7 Bi 7 U 15s. (&) ongford urgan - 30s. (6) - - - 6 - [aryborough [idleton (Cork) _ 71 _ , fewbridge 7 - - fewry 30s. (6) - - - 6 - Fewtownards.. 8 7 - - >magh 6 - 5J - (a) National Association of Master Builders. BUILDING TRADES. 45 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. BUICK- IATUS. MASONS. CABPENTBBS AND JOIMBO. SLATERS. PLUMBERS. PLAStBBBBS. PAINTERS. LABOCRBRS. LOCALITY. IRELAND. _ . _ 57 . _ Armagh. 59| - - Ballymena. 60 - - Bandon. 54 _ 54 _ _ Bangor. 54 54) (a) National Association of Master Builders. < &) Per week. (e) Per day. BUILDING TRADES. 47 OPERATIVES-1900. (exclusive of overtime) reported to the Department, to be recognised at for the principal classes of Building Trade Operatives continued. Hours of Labour in Summer. LOCALITY. BRICK - IAYKBS. MASOJT8. CARPKXTKRH AND JOIKKRS. SLATERS. PLUMBBHS. PLASTER Kug. PAINTERS. LAROURKRS IRELAND-con* 56(rt) 56(rt) 56 56 56(rt) 56 56(a> 56 Portadown. 54 - - Queenstown. 54 - 54 - Sligo. 60 Strabane. 60 Tralee. - - 54 - 58 - - - Waterford. ISLE OF MAN 56(a) 55 55 55 55 55 55() 55 Douglas. - 55 - Ramsey. 49 ENGINEERING AND SHIPBUILDING TRADES. ENGINEERS. SEA-GOING ENGINEERS. BRASS MOULDERS AND FINISHERS. IRONFOUNDERS AND PATTERNMAKERS. BOILERMAKERS AND IRON AND STEEL SHIPBUILDERS. SHIPWRIGHTS, SHIP JOINERS, SHIP PLUMBERS, AND SHIP PAINTERS. 2826 50 STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS for undermentioned [Compiled from information furnished by District or Town. WEEKLY RATE Turners. Fitters. Smiths. Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper Smiths. Brass Finishers. ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties and Cleveland. Districts. HARTLEPOOL : Engine shops s. d. 36 6 s. d. 35 6 s. d. 36 s. d. 35 6 s. d. 38 s. d. 37 8. d. 35 6 Ship yards 36 6 36 6 38 .. .. .. .. MiDDLESBRO' (including Middlesbro' and South Bank) : Engine shops .. 36 36 36 36 38 36 36 Ship yards .. 37 6 NEWCASTLE ( including Felling, Gateshead, and Newcastle) : Engine shops 36 36 36 38 37 36 Ship yards ' 38 .. .. .. SHIELDS (including North and South Shields) : Engine shops .. 36 36 36 36 38 37 36 Shipyards 37 37 38 .. .. .. Repair Work 38 6* 38 6 40 6* .. .. .. .. STOCKTON-ON-TEES : Engine shops 36 36 36 36 38 37 36 Shipyards 37 37 6 .. .. SUNDERLAND : Engine shops .. .. 36 36 36 .. 38 37 36 Ship yards 36 36 38 .. .. .. TYNE, MID ( including Byker. Hebburn, How- don, Jarrow, Walker, and Wallsend) : Engine shops 36 36 37 36 38 37 Ship yards 38 6 38 - Other Towns in the Norther) Counties. Bishop Auckland .. 30 30 30 .. 32 .. .. Blaydon 36 38 6 36 38 6 32 36 38 32 36 32 38 39 32 37 36 Carlisle 32 * Plus " dirty " money on board ship. ENGINEERS. 51 1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st January, their Members engaged in the following occupations, in the DISTRICTS and TOWNS. the Amalgamated Society of Engineers.'] OF WAGES. Borers and Blotters. Planers. Millers. Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers. Machine Joiners. Weekly Hours of Labour. District or Town. ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties and Cleveland. District*, s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. HAETLEPOOL : 29 6 29 6 29 6 36 6 tt ) | Engine shops. ' 53 38 6 .. ) < Ship yards. MIDDLESBRO' (including Middlesbro' and South Bank) : 33 33 tt , , ) ( Engine shops. > 53 .. j ( Ship yards. NEWCASTLE (including Felling, Gateshead, and Newcastle) : 31 G 31 6 31 fi t> / ( Engine shops. 53 < .. } ( Ship yards. 35 35 ) ( SHIELDS (including North and South Shields) : Engine shops. .. .. .. 53 Ship yards. .. .. .. I Eepair work. STOCKTON-ON-TEES : .. it ( Engine shops. 1 53 ! .. .. .. ( Ship yards. SUNDERLAND : 34 6 M it (< ( Engine shops. 53 j " .. .. .. .. \ Ship yards. TYNE, MID (including Byker, Hebburn, How- don, Jarrow, Walker, and Wallsend): 30 6 30 6 30 6 t ( Engine shops. 53 ] " " I Ship yards. Other Toirnn in the Northern Counticx.< .. .. .. 53 Bishop Auckland. 31 (3 31 6 31 6 .. 53 Blaydon. .. .. .. 54 Blyth. r " 53 Carlisle. 2826 D2 STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OP ENGINEERS for undermentioned DISTRICTS District or Town. WEEKLY RATS' Turners. Fitters. Smiths. Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper Smiths. Brass Finishers. Northern Counties and Cleveland cont. *. d. s. d. ,. d. a. d s. d. 9. d. *. d. Darlington* 33 33 33 33 34 34 29 Durham 35 6 35 6 35 6 35 6 36 35 6 Kendal .. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Whitehaven 34 34 31 .. .. .. Wolsingham 33 33 27 31 36 .. .. Workington 34 and 36 34 and 36 34 and 36 Yorkshire, except Cleveland. Districts. BRADFORD (including Bradford and Shipley). 33 33 33 36 37 DEWSBURY (including Batley, Cleckheaton, and Dewsbury >. 30 30 36 32 36 - DONG ASTER 32 32 32 .. 32 32 HALIFAX 33 33 34 33 34 .. .. HULLf 36 36 36 36 39 36 37 KEIGHLEY 28 28 31 29 32 .. 28 LEEDS SHEFFIELD (including At- tercHffe, Brightside, Bo- therham, and Sheffield). 33 38 33 38 34 38 33 38 37 38 33 38 33 34 Other Towns in Yorkshire. Barnsley 35 35 6 36 36 36 .. .. Beverley 35 35 38 32 .. .. .. Bingley 28 28 28 . , ' . . . . Brighouse 31 31 31 31 32 .. Goole 35 35 35 .. 37 .. .. Huddersfleld 30 30 32 .. 32 32 .. Marsden 28 28 .. 28 28 .. .. Meltham 32 32 32 32 .. .. Mexborough 36 34 34 .. 34 .. .. Normanton 32 32 32 36 36 .. Odey 28 28 28 28 30 . . 28 Queensbury 30 30 30 32 At one large works Sunderjand rates are paid, ENGINEERS. 53 1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st January, their Members engaged in the following occupations, in the and TOWNS continued. OF WAGES. Weekly Hours of Labour. District or Town. Borers and Slotters. Planers. Millers. Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers. Machine Joiners. s. d. s. d. s. d. *. d. s. d Northern Counties and Cleveland cont. 28 28 .. .. .. 53 Darlington.* 35 6 35 6 35 6 .. 53 Durham. .. .. .. .. 53 Kendal. .. .. .. .. 54 Whitehaven. 28 28 .. 53 Wolsingham. 30 32 : Workington. Yorkshire, except Cleveland Districts. 33 33 " 53 BRADFORD (including Bradford and Shipley). 30 30 30 30 53 DEWSBDRY (including Batley, Cleckheaton, and Dewsbury). 26 .. .. 54 DONCASTER. 32 32 .. .. .. 53 HALIFAX. 31 31 .. .. 39 53 HULL.f 26 .. .. 26 54 KEIGHLEY 29 29 29 33 33 53 LEEDS. 34 34 54 SHEFFIELD (including At- tercliffe, Brightside, Ro- therham and Sheffield). Other Towns in Yorkshire. .. .. .. . 54 Barnsley. .. .. .. . 54 Beverley, .. .. .. 54 Bingley. .. 30 .. .. .. 53 Brighouse. .. .. .. .. 53 Goole. .. .. .. 54 Huddersfleld. .. .. .. .. 54 Marsden. .. .. .. 56 Meltham. .. .. .. 54 Mexborough. .. .. .. 53, 56.J Normanton. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Otley. 30 30 56J Queensbury. f In Fish Dock Repair shops the weekly rate is 39*. STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS for undermentioned DISTRICTS District or Town. WEEKLY RATE. Turners. Fitters. Smiths. Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper Smiths. Brass Finishers. Yorkshire, except Cleveland cont. *. d. s. d. s. c7. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Sowerby Bridge 32 32 33 32 33 .. .. Stanningley 32 32 32 32 33 .. Wakefleld York 30 32 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 34 32 32 Lancashire and Cheshire. District* ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE (in- cluding Ashton, Dukin- fleld, Hvde, Mossley and Stalybridge). 36 36 36 36 38 34 BARROW-IN-FURNESS : General 37 36 36 .. 38 38 36 6 Railway shops 34 34 34 BLACKBURN : General 35 35 35 35 38 35 .. Machine shops .. 33 33 .. .. .. BOLTON (including Bolton and Farnworth). 35 35 35 35 37 35 BURY (including Bury, Ramsbottom and Rad- cliffe Bridge): Machine shops 33 33 33 33 38 Engine shops .. *. 35 35 35 35 38 .. .. CREWE 27 34 27 34 36 32 34 38 34 38 30 37 39 34 38 34 36 LIVERPOOL (including Bir- kenhead, Bootle, Garston, and Liverpool). 36 MANCHESTER (including Bradford -cum -Beswick. Broughton, Broadheatb, Collyhurst, Failsworth, Gorton, Gorton East, Hulme, Longsight, Man- chester, Newton Heath, Openshaw, Pendleton, and Salford) : Engine and tool shops 36 36 36 36 40 38 36 Machine shops 34 34 36 36 40 38 .. OLDHAM (including Chad- derton, Hollinwood, Old- ham, and Royton) : Machine shops 32 32 36 35 38 Millwright and tool shops. 35 35 36 35 39 ENGINEERS. 55 1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st January their Members engaged in the following occupations in the and TOWNS conti nued. OF WAGES. Weekly Borers and Slotters. Planers. Millers. Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers. Machine Joiners. Hours of Labour. District or Town. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 8. d. Yorkshire, except Cleveland CO/I t. 30 30 .. .. .. 53 Sowerby Bridge. 31 .. .. .. 53 Stanningley. 28 28 28 .. 53 Wakefleld. - 54 York; - Lancashire and Cheshire. District* .. 34 .. 34 .. 53 ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE (in- cluding Ashton, Dukin- fleld, Hyde, Mossley and Stalybridge). BARROW-TN-FURNESS : 33 33 6 33 6 . , . . General. ' 54 I Railway shops. 29 29 35 ) BLACKBURN : General. 53 j Machine shops. 31 31 35 , . 31 53 BOLTON (including Bolton and Farn worth). BURY (including Bury, Ramsbottom and Rad- 33 | 53 cliffe Bridge) : Machine shops. 35 Engine shops. .. .. .. 54 CREWE. 26 26 28 36 53 HORWICH. 33 33 53 LIVERPOOL (including Bir- kenhead, Bootle, Garston, and Liverpool). MANCHESTER (including Bradford - cum-Beswick, Broughton, Broadheath, Collyhurst, Failsworth, Gorton, Gorton East, Hulme, Longsight. Man- chester, Newton Heath, Open sh aw, Pendleton, 30 30 32 34 1 53 \ and Salford) : Engine and tool shops. 30 32 34 J 1 Machine shops. OLDHAM (including Chad- derton, Hollinwood, Old- 28 28 28 33 6 1 53 ! ham, and Royton) : Machine shops. 3 32 32 .. ( i Millwright and tool shops. 56 STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS for undermentioned DISTRICTS District or Town. WEEKLY RATE Turners. Fitters. Smiths. Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper Smiths. Brass Finishers. 1 incashire and Cheshire cont. s. d. . d x. (/. s. d. s. d. * .. 53,54 Shrewsbury. 30 30 .. .. 53,54 Stafford. ., 29 .. .. .. 54 Stroud and Thrupp. 32 54 Worcester. South Midland and Eastern Counties. District. 56 WATFORD (including Two Waters and Watford). Other Towns in the South Midland and Eastern Counties. . . . . . . .. 54 Banbury. , . , , ,, . , .. 54 Bedford. 26 26 26 . . .. 54 Colchester. 36 36 36 38 38 48,54 Enfleld Lock. .. .. 48 Grays : Kepair shops. . . , , ., .. 54 Factories. , . , , . , .. 24 50&54 Ipswich. 30 30 30 . , .. 54 Luton. .. 30 .. .. .. 54 Northampton. . , . . .. 28 54 Norwich. .. .. .. . , 54 Oxford. . , , . . . , .. 54 Peterborough. 36 36 . . , , .. 54 Slough. .. 26 .. ., .. 54 Thetford. .. ., ., .. .. 54 Wellingborough. 24 54 Wolverton. London. 33 38 38 38 54,48 LONDON. South Eastern Counties. Districts. 24 54 BRIGHTON (including Brighton and New- haven). STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS for undermentioned DISTRICTS District or Town. WEEKLY RATE' Turners. Fitters. Smiths. Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper Smiths. Brass Finishers. South Eastern Counties cont. s. d. :. (1. S. (I s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. CHATHAM 34 34 34 34 38 .. ., ERITH (including Belve- dere, Dartford and Erith). 38 38 38 40 42 9 38 38 PORTSMOUTH (including Gosport and Ports- mouth). 34 34 34 34 34 SOUTHAMPTON (including Southampton and Wools- ton). 37 37 37 37 39 39 37 Other Towns in the South Eastern Counties. Ashford Cowes 32 33 36 32 33 36 30 34 33 33 34 36 34 32 33 Long Ditton Maidstone Reading . . 33 30 36 33 30 36 33 30 36 34 30 36 34 30 ;; Rochester and Strood Sheerness 35 36 36 36 36 South Western Counties. Districts. DEVONPORT and PLY- MOUTH : General 34 34 34 34 34 34 32 Navy Contractors' shops SWINDON 37 6 30 30 35 25 30 30 24 i 27 30 36 25 30 30 24 27 30 24 27 33 36 .. 32 I 32 24 27 30 30 22 30 22 1 Other Towns in the South Western Counties. Bath 35 Bridgwater Devizes .. .. Highbridge 25 28 32 Redruth Trowbridge 24 27 ENGINEERS. 65 1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st January, their Members engaged in the following occupations in the and TOWNS continued. OF WAGES. Weekly Hours of Labour. District or Town. _ ____^____^ Borers and Blotters. Planers. Millers. ^ ^ Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers. Machine Joiners. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. *. d. South Eastern Counties cont. M 34 34 .. 48 CHATHAM. 36 30 34 38 40 6 54 ERITH (including Belve- dere, Dartf ord and Erith). -. 54 Dock- yard 48 PORTSMOUTH (including Gosport and Ports- mouth). 37 37 37 51 SOUTHAMPTON (including Southampton and Wools- ton). Other Towns in the South Eastern Counties. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Ash ford. 33 33 33 .. .. 54 Cowes. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Long Ditton. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Maidstone. .. 28 .. 30 .. 54 Reading. .. .. .. .. 54 Rochester and Strood. 43 Sheerness. South Western Counties. Districts. 24 v I 43,53 j DEVONPORT and PLY- MOUTH : General. Navy Contractors' shops 20 54 SWINDON. Other Towns in the. South Western Countiet. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Bath. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Bridgwater. 54 Devizes. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Highbridge. 24 24 22 22 22 54 Redruth. 27 54 Trowbridge. 2826 E 66 STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OP ENGINEERS for undermentioned DISTRICTS District or Town. WEEKLY RATE Turners. Fitters. Smiths. Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper Smiths. Brass Finishers. Wales and Monmouth- shire. Districts. CARDIFF : Marine shops .. .. *. d. 39 *. d. 39 s. d. 39 . d. *. d. 39 s. d. 39 s. d. Bail way shops .. 34 34 34 " 34 MEBTHYR 20 20 20 20 20 M NEWPORT 35 35 35 .. 35 35 35 SWANSEA : Marine shops 39 39 39 39 39 39 .. General 32 32 33 33 33 Other Towns in Wales and Monmouthshire. Aberdare : Railway shops .. .. 34 31 .. .. .. Colliery 24 24 24 .. 24 .. .. Barry : Marine shops 39 39 39 .. 39 39 .. Eailway shops 34 34 34 .. 34 .. .. Blaenavon 18 18 18 18 18 .. ., Bridgend 32 32 32 .. ^37 .. .. Chepstow 33 33 33 .. .. .. .. EbbwVale 23 23 23 23 23 .. .. Holy head 28 28 24 28 .. 86 .. Llanelly 32 32 32 32 33 .. 32 Neath 32 32 32 32 .. .. Pembroke Dock : Marine and general shops. Railway shops . . Dockyard . . . . 38 34 32 38 34 32 34 38 34 28 6 34 38 32 38 32 Pontypool : Eailway shops 31 Foundry 30 30 30 .. 30 .. .. Colliery 26 26 26 .. 23 .. .. Poatypridd 33 33 33 ., 33 .. .. Bhondda . . .. 34 34 34 34 ENGINEERS. 67 1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st January, their Members engaged in the following occupations in the and OF WAGES. Weekly Hours of Labour. District or Town. Borers and Blotters. Plan era Millers. Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers. Machine Joiners. Wales and Monmouth- shire. *i d. s>. rf. 34 *. d. s. d. . d. 53 Districts. CARDIFF : Marine shops. - 23 - M M 54 Railway shops. 20 20 54 MERTHYR. 35 35 .. .. 53 NEWPORT. tt .. .. 53 SWANSEA : Marine shops. - 54 General. Other Towns in Wales and Monmouthshire. .. .. .. ,, M 1 54 ( Aberdare : Railway shops. .. .. .. .. .. 1 i Colliery. .. 34 .. .. , , 53 Barry: Marine shops. .. 28 .. .. .. 54 Railway shops. 18 18 .. .. .. 54 Blaenavon. .. .. .. .. 54 Bridgend. .. .. .. .. 53 Chepstow. 23 23 .. .. .. 54 Ebbw Vale. .. .. .. .. 54 Holyhead. 32 32 .. .. 54 Llanelly. .. .. .. .. 54 Neath. " . M 53 54 Pembroke Dock : Marine and general shops. Railway shops. .. .. .. .. 48 Dockyard. .. .. .. .. ) ( Pen ty pool : Railway shops. - .. .. .. .54 Foundry. - .. .. .. ) ( Colliery. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Pontypridd. 34 34 - 51 Rhondda. 2826 F. 3 68 STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS for undermentioned DISTRICTS District or Town. 1 WEEKLY RATE 1 'urners. E itters. Smiths. , Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper miths. Brass Finishers. SCOTLAND. Dlttricts. s. d. . d. * d. s. d. s. d. . d. s, d. ABERDEEN .. .. .. 30 30 30 30 30 .. .. DUNDEE (including Dundee and Lochee). 33 32 31 32 33 EDINBURGH (including Edinburgh and Leith). 3410 34 10 34 10 37 - GLASGOW (including Clyde- bank, Cranston Hill, Dennistoun, Finnieston, Glasgow, Govan. Govan- hill, Parkhead, Partick, Pollokshaws, Eenfrew, Eutherglen, and Spring- burn). 36 36 36 36 38 36 35 GREENOCK (including Greenock and Port Glasgow). 36 36 36 36 38 36 36 MID-LANARK (including Airdrie, Coatbridge, Uddingston, and Wishaw). 33 32 32 34 '.* MOTHER WELL 33 32 32 .. 34 .. m PAISLEY (including Barr- head, Johnstone, and Paisley). 35 35 35 37 Other Towns in Scotland. Arbroath 29 28 29 27 30 Ayr 27 6 27 27 27 28 28 28 Dumbarton 34 34 34 6 34 6 36 .. .. Dumfries 27 27 27 .. 27 .. .. Dunfermline 24 SO 24 30 30 30 30 .- 31 29 Kilmarnock 30 Kirkcaldy .. .. .. 29 29 29 .. 28 .. .. Monifleth 26 M7 26 16 26 26 26 26 27 Stirling 26 Vale of Leven 32 8 32 8 31 6 32 8 ENGINEERS. 1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st January, their Members engaged in the following occupations in the and TOWNS continued. OF WAGES. Weekly Hours of Labour. District or Town. Borers and Blotters. Planers. Millers. Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers. Machine Joiners. SCOTLAND. . rf. K. d. x d. *. d. s. d. District^. 25 25 .. .. .. 54,56 ABERDEEN. - 30 ~ 54 DUNDEE (including Dundee and Lochee). - 54 EDINBURGH (including Edinburgh and Leith). 30 36 54 GLASGOW(including Clyde- bank, Cranston Hill, Dennistoun, Finnieston, Glasgow, Go.van, Govan- hill, Parkhead, Partick, Pollokshaws, Eenfrew, Butherglen, and Spring- burn). . 36 36 36 54 GREENOCK (including Greenock and Port Glasgow). . . ** * * * * * ' 64 MID-LANARK (including Airdrie, Coat bridge, Uddingston, and Wishaw). .. .. .. .. .. 54 MOTHERWELL. 35 35 o 54 PAISLEY (including Barr- head, Johnstone, and Paisley). Other Towns in Scotland. - 48,54 Arbroath. .. .. .. ,, 54 Ayr. 33 33 6 .. .. 54 Dumbarton. .. ., .. >> 54 Dumfries. .. .. .. .. .. 51 to 56 Dunfermline. .. .. .. .. .. Irvine. 28 28 .. .. 54 Kilmarnock. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Kirkcaldy. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Monifleth. .. s .. .. .. .. 56 Montrose. .- .. .. .. .. 51,54 Stirling. | 56 Vale of Leven. 70 STANDARD TIME RATES. ENGINEERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the AMALGAMATED SOCIETY OF ENGINEERS for undermentioned DISTRICTS WEEKLY RATE District or Town. Turners. Fitters. Smiths. Mill- wrights. Pattern Makers. Copper Smiths. Brass Finishers. IRELAND. Districts. *. d. s. d. s. d. 8. d t s. d. s. d. s. d. BELFAST (including Belfast and Lisburn). 38 37 37 38 39 " CORK 34 34 34 34 34 36 36 DUBLIN (including Dublin and Inchicore). 33 33 34 35 35 Other Towns in Ireland. Drogheda 30 30 32 30 30 .. .. Dundalk 33 33 33 33 36 .. .. Limerick 34 32 32 34 34 ,. .. Londonderry 29 28 29 28 28 .. .. Newry 30 30 30 30 30 .. .. Portadown 30 30 30 30 .. .. .. Waterford 32 32 30 32 NOTE. Rates are also given for Electrical Engineers at Birmingham, 36s., Kcighley, 26s., London, 30s., and Leeds, 34s. ; for Roll ENGINEERS. 71 1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at 1st January, their Members engaged in the following occupations in the and TOWNS continued. OF WAGES. Bore ra and Blotters. Plan era Millers. Die Sinkers or Press Tool Makers. Machine Joiners. Weekly Hours of Labour. District or Town. IRELAND. a. d. . d. s. d. *. d. 6'. (1. Districts. - 54to56 BELFAST (including Belfast and Lisbnrn). .. .. .. .. .. 54 CORK. - " 54 DUBLIN (including Dublin and Inchicore). Other Towns in Ireland. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Drogheda. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Dundalk. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Limerick. .. .. .. .. .. 54 Londonderry. .. 30 .. .. .. 54 Newry. .. .. .. .. .. 54 & 56 Portadown. M Waterford. Leeds, ?3-s., London, 38s., and St. Helens, 37s. ; for Drop Hammer Forgers at Birmingham, 30s. Turners at Birmingham, 30s., and Leeds, 38s. STANDARD TIME RATE'S. SEA-GOING ENGINEERS- KATES of WAGES and other CONDITIONS of SERVICE at BELONGING to the SHIPOWNERS who were PARTIES Per Month. Voyage and Tonnage. Rank of Engineers. Chief. Second. Third. Fourth. 00 Agreed to by the North-East Coast of England Suez Canal, South Atlantic, East and West Indies : 1,500 tons net register and under Above 1,500 tons net register s. d. 345 355 *. d. 245 255 *. d. 160 170 .*. d. 140 150 North Atlantic : 1,500 tons net register and under Above 1,500 tons net register 325 335 240 250 155 165 140 150 Mediterranean and Black Sea : Under 1,000 tons net register 1,000 to 1,500 Above 1,500 295 300 320 215 220 240 140 145 160 150* White Sea, Baltic, Bilbao and Bay Ports, Gibraltar, Madeira, and Canary Islands : Under 500 tons net register 500 to 1,000 1,000 to 1,500 Above 1,500 280 290 295 305 200 210 215 225 130 140 145 155 ... (&) Agreed to by the North-East West Coast of Africa : Coast rate ... ... ... ... 840 360 360 400 360 240 260 260 280 252 160 180 180 200 180 140 150 160 160 160 Steamers carrying Oil in bulk : Atlantic * Other Suez Canal and Atlantic Clauses to be inserted in Articles of Steamers signing on for Mediterranean. Three engineers to be carried on all steamers of 600 tons net register and upwards when sailing S.E. or W. of Gibraltar. Three engineers to be carried on all eteamers of 850 tons net register and upwards when trading in the White Sea, Baltic, Bilbao and Bay Port Trades, Gibraltar, Madeira, and Canary Islands. Four engineers recommended to be carried on all steamers of 1,800 tong net register and upwards on any voyage. SEA-GOING ENGINEERS. NORTH-EAST COAST-1900. IST JANUARY, 1900, for SEA-GOING ENGINEERS on VESSELS to the UNDERMENTIONED AGREEMENTS. Per Week. Voyage and Tonnage. Rank of Engineers. Chief. Second. Third. , Fourth. Marine Engineers' Conciliation Board.* Mediterranean and Black Sea : Under 1,000 tons net register ... 1,000 to 1,500 Above 1,500 White Sea, Baltic, Bilbao and Bay Ports, Gibraltar, Madeira, and Canary Islands : Under 500 tons net register 500 to 1,000 1,000 to 1,500 ,, Above 1,500 Coasting and Ports "between Elbe and Brest ; Under 600 tons net register 600 tons net register and above (includ- ing all vessels with triple expansion engines, irrespective of tonnage) ... *. d. 78 9 79 11 84 7 *. d. 60 1 61 3 65 11 #. d. 42 7 43 9 47 3 75 3 77 7 78 9 81 1 56 7 58 11 60 1 62 5 40 3 42 7 43 9 46 1 70 50 ... 72 6 52 6 *. d. 44 11 Coast Joint Committee.' West Coast of Afi ica . 95 70 50 45 100 77 6 55 47 6 Australia ... ... ... ... 100 77 6 55 o 50 Steamers carrying Oil in bulk : Atlantic 110 o 80 60 50 100 75 55 50 Conditions. Engineer's Steward to be carried on all steamers (who must sign on the Articles as such) except in those of 600 tons net register and under, when satisfactory attendance must be given to the engineers, their berths, &c. To infected ports the above rates are not to apply, special engagements must be made in each case. Where the weekly or daily rates are signed for, it is understood the engineers find their own provisions. 74 STANDARD TIME RATES. SEA-GOING ENGINEERS-HULL-1900. RATES of WAGES and other CONDITIONS of SERVICE at IST JANUARY, 1900, for SEA-GOING ENGINEERS SHIPPED at any PORT in the UNITED KINGDOM on VESSELS REGIS- TERED at HULL and belonging to the FIRMS at HULL that SIGNED the AGREEMENT with the TRADES UNIONS con- cerned. Voyage and Tonnage. Rank of Engineers. Chief. Second. Third. Fourth. Mediterranean, Black Sea, and White Sea Trades : Per Month. . d. *. d. #. d. s. d. Under 900 tons net register Over 900 tons net register 280 300 200 220 150 160 ... Smith Atlantic and Indian trades : Under 1,750 tons net register ... ( Over 1,750 tons net register ... ) 340 260 180 150 North Atlantic Trades : Under 1,750 tons net register ... ) Over 1,750 tons net register ... ) Baltic Trades : 340 240 180 150 Per Week. #. d. #. d. *. d. *. d. Under 900 tons net register Over 900 tons net register 67 6 70 47 6 50 4(T ... Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Malnio and Hamburg Trades : Under 900 tons net register Over 900 tons net register 65 67 6 45 47 fi 40 40 ... Home and Coasting Trades 62 6 42 6 ... ... Other Conditions. 1. Three engineers to be carried in all vessels over 900 tons net register trading to Stockholm and Riga, and north thereof. 2. Suez Canal and Atlantic clauses to be inserted in all Articles of steamers signing on for the Mediterranean. 3. Mess-room steward to be carried on all ships of 900 tons net register and over, who must sign on the Articles as Engineers' Steward and must also attend upon the mates. BRASS MOULDERS AND FINISHERS. 75 BRASS MOULDERS AND FINISHERS-1900. STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a FULL WEEK (exclusive of Overtime) recognised at 1st JANUARY, 1900, for BRASS MOULDERS and FINISHERS in the undermentioned TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM. [Based on Returns furnished by the Trade Societies of Brass Moulders and Finishers.'] Town, Standard Rate of Wages per week. Hours of Labour per week. Brass Moulders. Brass Finishers. ENGLAND AND WALES. Ashton-under-Lyne Barrow . . s. d. 34 37 34 34 36 34 30*. to 32*. 32 32 36 36 40 34 38 8d. per hour 36 36 32*. to 34*. 34 36 36 36 3d 34 l\d. per hour 8rf. per hour Id. per hour 38 34 s. d. 34 36 6 34 34 30*. to 34*. 34 30*. to 32*. 32 32 36 36 3fi 32 36 8d. per hour 36 36 32*. to 34*. 34 36 36 36 30*. to 34*. 34 Id. per hour l\d, per hour l^d. per hour 38 8d. per hour 6d. & 6->rf. per hour 37 34 53 54 53 53 54 53 54 54 54 53 53 53 53 53 54 53 53 54 53 53 53 53 54 53 51 & 54 54 51 54 54 51 54 54 Blackburn ... .. . ... Bolton Bristol Burv . Crewe ... ... .. Derby Gateshead Hartlepool Hull Leeds Liverpool London Newcastle Nottingham ... Oldham South Shields Stockton-on-Tees ... Sunderland ... ... Swindon ... Wigan SCOTLAND. Dundee Glasgow Perth IRELAND. Belfast Dublin STANDARD TIME IRONFOUNDERS AND STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS* in a 1900, for IRONFOUNDERS and PATTERNMAKERS in (Extracted from Returns prepared by the TOWN. Ironf (Hinders. 1 Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Patternmakers.f Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Hours of Labour per Week. s. d. ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties and Cleveland. Blaydon 38 Carlisle 34 Darlington 40 Durham 35 6 Gateshead 39 Hartlepool 37 6 Jarrow 37 Middlesbrough 38 6 Newcastle-on-Tyne 38 South Shields 37 Stockton-on-Tees 37 6 Sunderland 37 Wallsend 38 Wolsingham 36 Workington 36 Yorkshire, except Cleveland. Barnsley 86 Bradford 38 Chapeltown 36 Cleckheaton 36 Dewsbury 36 Doncaster 30 Halifax 38 Huddersfield 36 Hull 40 Keighley 32 Leeds 38 Otley 28 Rotherham 38 Sheffield 40 Sowerby Bridge 36 Stanningley 38 Wakefield 36 York 30 35 38* 38 6 38 37 38 38 37 38 38 37 36 39* 34 37 40 34 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 53 54 53 * The hours of labour of Ironfounders are generally 53 or 54 per week. In the North of England 53 hours is the rule. f For the wages of Patternmakers who are members of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers, see pp. 50-70. IRONFOUNDERS AND PATTERNMAKERS. 77 PATTERNMAKERS-1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of Overtime) recognised at 1ST JANUARY, the undermentioned towns of the UNITED KINGDOM. Ironfounders* and Patternmakers' Societies.) TOWN. Ironfounders. Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Patternmakers. Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Hours of Labour per Week. Lancashire and Cheshire. . d. Accrington ... ... ... ... 38 Ashton-under-Lyne ... ... ... ... Barrow 39 Birkenhead 40 Blackburn 37 Bolton 39 Burnley... ..*. 37 Bury 39 Chester 36 Crewe 32 Haslingden 39 Heywood 38 Horwich ... ... ... 36 Hyde 40 Lancaster 88 Leigh 38 Liverpool ... ... ... ... 40 Manchester 40 Oldham 38 Preston 39 Rochdale 38 St. Helens 40 Salford 40 Stalybridge 40 Stockport 40 Todmorden 38 Warrington 40 Wigan 89 North Midland Counties. Butterley 28 Chesterfield 36 Coventry ... 32 Derby 38 Gainsborough ... 30 Grantham ... ... ... ... 34 Leicester 38 Lincoln ... ... 34 Loughborough Mansfield 34 Nottingham ... 38 Renishaw 33 Retford 32 Somercotes 31 s. d. 38 38 3 39 6 37 37 37* 38 36 39" 6 40 37 37 36 38 40 38 37 36 36 80 36 38* 53 54 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 53 53 53 54 54 54 54 54 78 STANDARD TIME RATES. IRONFOUNDERS AND STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, for IRONFOUNDERS and PATTERNMAKERS in the TOWN. Ironfounders. Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Patternmakers. Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Hours of Labour per Week. West Midland Counties. . d. Birmingham 38 Bristol 36 Burton 36 Darlaston Donnington Dudley 33 6 Gloucester 34 Hanley Leamington ... ... ... ... 30 Smethwick 38 Stourbridge 33 Toll End (Tipton) 32 Trench, near Wellington Wednesbury ... ... ... ... 33 West Bromwich Wolverhampton 32 Worcester 32 S. Midland and Eastern Counties. Ipswich 30 Northampton 31 Norwich 28 Thrapston 30 Wolverton 29 London. Greenwich ... ... ... ... 40 London 40 Woolwich 38 South-Eastern Counties. Brighton 34 Chatham 38 Dartford 40 Erith 40 6 Maidstone 36 Portsmouth 34 Reading 30 Southampton 35 *. d. 38 38 3 34* 33 32* 38 34* 34* 36 34 42 and 42 9 42 9 42 9 36* 53 54 54 48 & 53 54 53 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 48 IRONFOUNDERS AND PATTERNMAKERS. 79 PATTERNMAKERS-1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of Overtime) recognised at 1ST JANUARY, undermentioned towns of the UNITED KINGDOM continued. TOWN. Ironfounders. Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Patternmakers. Standard Rate of Wages per Week. Hours of Labour per Week. South-Western Counties. s. d. Devonport 36 Exeter 28 Swindon 30 Trowbridge 33 9 Wales and Monmouth. Barry Dock 36 Cardiff ... 36 Newport 34 Swansea ... ... 36 Wrexham 36 SCOTLAND. Aberdeen Coatbridge Dumbarton Dundee ... Edinburgh and Leith ... Falkirk Glasgow Govan Greenock Johnstone Kilmarnock Mother well Paisley Partick Renfrew IRELAND. Belfast 38 Cork 34 Dublin 36 36 36 38*' 3 33 6 35 39 34 37 l 34 0* 39 39 38 3 35 34 36 38 3 38 3 39 4 39 54 53 54 54 54 54 54 54 54* 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 * Recognised by the Associated Patternmakers of Scotland. 80 STANDAKD TIME RATES. BOILER MAKERS AND IRON STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a FULL WEEK mentioned OCCUPATIONS, by the UNITED SOCIETY OF BOILERMAKERS and UNITED [Based on Returns furnished District or Town. Standard Weekly Rate of Wages. Weekly Hours of Labour. Angle Iron Smiths, Platers (Heavy). Platers (Light). Rivet- ters. Caulkers. Holders- up. Summer. Winter ENGLAND AND WALES. Northern Counties and Cleveland. , Districts. 8. d. s. d. .s. d. s. d. s. d. S . d:~ Hartlepool, West : Boiler Shops : New Work 40 6 39 39 6 39 6 32 6 53 53 Eepair Work . . 46 6 45 6 .. 45 6 45 6 38 6 53 53 Ship Yards : New Work 39 39 .. 36 6 36 6 30 0' 53 49i Repair Work . . 12 Of 12 Of .. 10 Of 11 Of 7 6f 53 49i Middlesbrough : Boiler Shops .. .. .. 39 6 38 6 38 6 . . . . , , Ship Yards .. .. 38 38 36 36 .. .. .. The Tees, Stockton and Thornaby : Boiler Shops : New Work Eepair Work 41 6 47 6 40 6 46 6 39 6 45 6 ) 35 6 to ) 39 35 6( to j 39 0( 31 37 53 53 53 53 Ship Yards : New Work 40 38 ., 36 36 30 53 47 Repair Work . . 46 44 .. 42 42 36 53 47 The Tyne :* Boiler Shops .. 41 6 41 6 39 6 38 6 38 6 31 6 53 53 Ship Yards .. 38 38 38 36 36 30 0, 54 48i The Wear: Boiler Shops : New Work 42 42 40 38 6 38 6 32 53 53 Repair Work . . 48 48 46 44 6 44 6 38 53 53 Ship Yards : New Work 38 38 38 36 36 30 53 47 Repair Work . . 10s.tol5s.t 10.s-.tol5s.t 10s.tol5s.f 10s.tol2s.t 10s.tol2*v 7s. Qd. to lOs.f 53 47 Town*. Darlington 39 39 .. 34 .. 27 54 54 Whitehaven 40 36 36 34 34 23 6 54 54 Workington : New Work .. 40 38 38 34 .. 24 54 54 Repair Work.. 40 30 54 54 * A separate return from Jarrow gives the Boiler Shop Rates as from 6d to Is. 6rf. less than these genera rates for the Tyne ; and a return from South Shields gives the Ship Yard rates as Is. less. t Per day. BOILER MAKERS AND IRON AND STEEL SHIPBUILDERS. 81 AND STEEL SHIPBUILDERS-1900. (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at IST JANUARY, 1900, for the under- IRON and STEEL SHIPBUILDERS, in various Districts and Towns of the KINGDOM. ly the Trade Union.] District or Town. Standard Weekly Rate of Wages. ! Weekly Hours of Labour. Angle Iron Smiths. Platers (Heavy) 1 Platers (Light) Rivet- ters. Caulker? Holders- up. Summer . Winter. Yorkshire, except Cleveland. s. d. *. d. s. d s. d. . d. . d. Barnsley 38 36 34 .. 29 54 54 Beverley (Ship Yards) : New Work .. 41 39 35 35 28 53 47 to 53 Repair Work 41 41 .. 53 47 to 53 Bradford .. 36 36 33 .. 53 .. Chapeltown 38 34 .. 27 54 54 Dewsbury 40 38 , . 34 .. 32 53 53 Doneaster 36 36 34 32 32 24 54 54 Goole (Ship Yards) : New Work .. 40 .. 35 35 29 6 53 53 Repair Work .. 46 41 41 35 6 53 53 Halifax 40 38 33 t( 29 53 53 Huddersfleld 40 ., 36 32 t , .. 54 54 Hull: Boiler Shops : New Work 42 40 40 35 35 29 6 53 53 Repair Work 48 46 46 41 41 35 6 53. 53 Ship Yards : New Work 42 40 40 35 35 29 6 53 ., Repair Work . . Leeds 48 42 ! 46 38 39 46 38 39 41 34 37 41 35 6 29 31 53 53 54 53 54 Rotherham Sheffield : New Work Repair Work 42 i 40 40 36 38 32 32 54 54 i Stanningley : Boiler Shops . . .. 42 ft \ 38 38 34 32 53 53 Wakefield 42 38 34 .. 32 53 53 Whitby (Ship Yards) : New Work 6 8* 6 8* 6 4* 6 0* 6 0* 4 8* 48 47 Repair Work York 10 0* 37 10 0* 36 10 0* 36 10 0* 36 10 0* 7 6* 27 48 53 47 53 * Per day. 2826 82 STANDARD TIME RATES. BOILER MAKERS AND IRON STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a FULL WEEK mentioned OCCUPATIONS, by the UNITED SOCIETY OF BOILERMAKERS and UNITED District or Town. Standard Weekly Rate of Wages. Weekly Hours of Labour. Angle Iron Smiths. Platers [Heavy). Platers (Light). B te V rf |<***- Uol ^ TS ] Summer. Winter. Lancashire and Cheshire. s. d. s. d. *. Reading .. 36 30 .. 1 .. Sheerness 36 36 36 34 34 26 9* 71* Southampton : New Work .. 39 39 39 36 36 30 6 | 54 48 Repair Work .. 42 41 41 39 39 31 54 48 South-Western Counties. Dartmouth : New Work . . 42 42 42 33 33 .. 54f 5 It Repair Work .. 4 45 45 36 36 54f 54f Per day. t One firm works 56 hours per week in summer and shorter hours in winter. BOILER MAKERS AND IRON AND STEEL SHIPBUILDERS. AND STEEL SHIPBUILDERS-1900. 8? (exclusive of f OVERTIME) recognised at IST JANUARY, 1900, for the under- IRON and STEEL SHIPBUILDERS, in various Districts and Towns of the KINGDOM cont. District or Town. Standard Weekly Rate of Wages. Weekly Hours of Labour. Angle Iron Smiths. Platers (Heavy). Platers (Light). Rivet- ters. Caulkers. Holders- up. Summer. Winter. South-Western Counties font. s. d. s. d. *. d. s. d. . d. . d. Highbridge 34 34 31 32 .. 19 54 54 Newton Abbot : New Work .. .. 35 35 31 6 tt 18 54 54 Repair Work.. H6 36 34 6 36 32 31 6 30 30 18 20 54 54 54 Wales and Monmouth. Cardiff and Barry : Boiler Shops : New Work 42 42 39 39 30 53 47 Repair Work . . 45 45 .. 42 42 33 53 47 Ship Yards : New Work 39 39 .. 36 36 30 53 47 Repair Work 42 42 .. 39 39 30 53 47 Chepstow : Bridge Yards 36 6 35 31 31 24 54 54 Ship Yards .. 38 6 38 6 .. 33 33 24 6 54 54 Dowlais 32 32 32 30 30 22 54 54 Ebbw Vale 30 30 30 30 C .. 22 54 54 Holybead 31 .. 30 28 .. 18 54 54 Neath .. 36 .. 32 20 54 54 Rhondda Valley .. 32 33 33 32 32 24 54 54 Swansea : Boiler Shops (Repairs) 7 6* 7 6* .. 7 0* 7 0* 5 6* 48 48 Ship Yards .. V (Piece work). 54 48 SCOTLAND. Aberdeen: Boiler Shops : New Work 36 3 35 3 34 3 34 3 54 54 Repair Work .. .. 39 3 38 3 37 3 37 3 54 54 Ship Yards : New Work 32 9 32 9 32 9 31 3 31 3 22 M f4 54 Repair Work .. 35 35 35 33 6 33 6 25 1 54 54 * Per day. 88 STANDARD TIME KATES. BOILER MAKERS AND IRON STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a FULL WEEK mentioned OCCUPATIONS, by the UNITED SOCIETY OP BOILERMAKERS and UNITED District or Town. Standard Weekly Rate of Wages. Weekly Hours of Labour. Angle Iron Smiths. Platers (Heavy). Platers ! (Light). Rivet- ters. Daulkers. Holders- up. 1 Summer. Winter. SCOTLAND cont. . d. *. d. s. d. *. d. x. d. *. -4 .. .. : Fleet wood. r.3 53 53 .. 45-474 44 53 .. Liverpool. 51' 49 .. .. .. Manchester. 54 54 54 54 .. .. Milford Haven. 48 48 Newport (Mon.) 53 48 .. .. .. Northwich. 54 54 .. .. Pembroke. 48 54 48 54 .. .. Pembroke Dock. 53 53 .. Preston. 54 '.. 54 .. .. I .. Runcorn. 55* .. 48 Sankey Bridge (Widnes). 54 54 Sudbrook. 54 47 51 .. 44 47 48 Swansea. 51 .. .. Whitehaven. 54 54 .. Workington. The Thames and South Coast. 5i< 54 .. Brixham.- 48t .. 51) 48f 48f 44 48t Chatham. 54 54 54 54 .. Cowes. 54 54 .. .. .. Dartmouth. 48f .. 53 .. 48t .. 47 1 Devonport. 1 56 ... 48 Dover. 54 54 Falmouth. 54 54 53 54 54 Gosport. 94 STANDARD TIME RATES. SHIPWRIGHTS, SHIP JOINERS, SHIP STANDARD RATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a the undermentioned OCCUPATIONS, by the TRADE UNIONS STANDARD BATE OF WAGES PER WEEK. TOWN. Shipwrights. Ship Joiners. Ship Plumbers. Ship Painters. On New On Eepair Work. Work. The Thames and South Coast cwt. *. d. X. (I. . d. *. d. . d. London 42 42 W^d. per hour. IQd. per 9d. per hour. hour. New Brompton 31 6 to 33 6 Plymouth 30 33 8d. per Sd. per hour. hour. Portsmouth 31 6 to 33 6 Sd.per 8Jd.per 27 Of hour. hour. Sheerness 1 31 6 to 33 6 4,s. lid. per day. Southampton 37 6 37 6 36 6 8d. per Id. per hour. hour. Tilbury 42 .. " Woolston 37 6 37 6 35 SCOTLAND. East Coast. 34 10 37 U 3d. per Sd. per hour. hour. Buckie 26 28 .. Dundee 37 1| 39 4 SRper 36 1 36 hour. Fraserburgh 28 30 6 Grangemouth 38 3 40 6 8$4 54 54 54 ... Aberdeen. 57 .. .. .. 48 Buckle. 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 Dundee. 5t5 50 .. .. Fraserburgh. 54 54 ..54 54 .. .. Grangemouth 54 54 54 54 Kinghorn. 54 54 54 54 54 54 Leith. 55 55 Peterhead. West Coast. 54 ' 54 - Ardrossan, 54 54 54 54 Ayr. 54 .. .. 54 54 .. 54 Bowling. 54 .. 50i .. .. Campbeltown. 54 54 54 54 54 .. 54 Clydebank. 54 .. 54 54 .. .. 54 Dalmuir. 54 54 54 56 54 54 54 56 Dumbarton. 54 54 54 54 54 .. .. 54 Glasgow. 54 54 54 54 54 .. 54 Govan. 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 Greenock. 96 STANDARD TIME RATES. SHIPWRIGHTS, SHIP JOINERS, SHIP STANDARD RATES of WAGES and ugual WORKING HOURS in a .the undermentioned OCCUPATIONS, by the TRADE UNIONS STANDARD RATE OF WAGES PEB WEEK. TOWN. Shipwrights. Ship Joiners. Ship Plumbers. Ship Painters. On New On Repair Work. Work. West Coast eont. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Paisley .. 38 3 40 6 Bid. pel- hour. 9cf. per hour. 9d. per hour. Partick 38 3 40 6 8rf. per 9(7. per hour. hour. Port Glasgow 38 3 40 6 S^d. per .. 9d per hour. hour Renfrew 38 3 40 6 8i<7. per 9d. per hour. hour. Troon . 38 3 40 6 8<7, per hour. Whiteinch 38 3 40 6 8d. per hour. 9d. per hour. IRELAND. Belfast 38 3 40 6 8Jd. per hour. 8$d. per hour. 8d. per hour. Carrickfergus 36 2 36 2 6rf. per hoar. Larne 33 6 33 6 Londonderry 38 3 40 6 Newry .. .. .. .. 30 30 .. .. .. Passage West .. .. 36 36 .. .. .. Queenstown 36 36 Ud. per f hour. Wexford ; 30 30 SHIPWRIGHTS, SHIP JOINERS, SHIP PLUMBERS, AND SHIP PAINTERS. PLUMBERS, AND SHIP PAINTERS-1900. 97 FULL WEEK (exclusive of OVERTIME) recognised at IST JANUARY, 1900, for concerned, in various TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM continued. HOURS OF LABOUR PER WEEK. TOWN. Summer. Winter. Ship- wrights. Ship Joiners. Ship Plumbers. Ship Painters. Ship- wrights. Ship Joiners. Ship Plumbers. Ship Painters. West Coast cont. 54 54 51 54 54 54 45 .. Paisley. 64 54 .. 54 54 54 .. 54 Partick. 54 54 .. 54 54 54 .. 54 Port Glasgow. 54 54 .. 54 54 54 .. 54 Eenfrew. 54 54 .. .. 54 51 .. .. Troon. 54 54 " 54 54 54 54 Whiteinch. IRELAND. 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 Belfast, 56 56 56 56 54 56 Carrickfergus. Larne. 54 .. .. 54 .. .. .. Londonderry. 54 .. .. .. 48 .. .. .. Newry. 54 .. .. .. 54 .. .. .. Passage West. 54 54 .. .. 54 54 .. .. Queenstown. - - Wexford. 28*6 Miscellaneous Trades. LETTERPRESS PRINTERS-COMPOSITORS. LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTERS. BOOKBINDERS AND MACHINE RULERS. CABINETMAKERS, &c., FRENCH POLISHERS, AND UPHOL- STERERS. BOOT AND SHOE OPERATIVES. GAS STOKERS. POLICE CONSTABLES. SEAMEN. 2826 100 STANDARD TIME RATES. COMPOSITORS- STANDARD BATES of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a 1900, by the TYPOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATIONS, in various TOWNS employed on DAILY and WEEKLY NEWS- \_Cornpiled from information received from Town. Standard Weekly Rate of Wages. Weekly Hours of Labour. Jobbing Weekly News- papers. Daily Newspapers Jobbing Weekly News- papers. Daily News- papers. Morning Evening ENGLAND AND WALES. s. d. *. > ; 54 52 51 54 52 53 52 52 52* 54 54 56 54 52 & 52 J 52 52 51 51 50 50 50 50 53 52* 52* 62| *. d. 30 25 30 28 30 27 3o'"o 32 28 30 27 "o 28 27 30 30 29 30 32 32 28"'<) 52.', 54 52 54 54 52 54 52 48 49* 52* 52 61 51 52* 52* 50 52* 52* 52 5f> Ipswich. Leicester Lincoln ... Mansfield Norwich Nottingham St. Albans Shrewsbury West Bromwich Wol verhampton Worcester TjAfidnii S.E. and S.W. Counties. Bath Brighton Maidstone Wales. Cardiff \eath . . Wrexham SCOTLAND. Aberdeen Dundee .. . . Edinburgh Greenock Kirkcaldy IRELAND. Belfast Cork Dublin Limerick Londonderry 108 STANDARD TIME RATES. STANDARD RATES CABINET MAKING AND of WAGES and usual WORKING HOURS in a for the CABINET MAKING and FURNISHING [Compiled from Upturns furnished TOWN. Standard Rate per Hour recognised for Hours of Labour per week. Cabinet Makers. 1 Chair r , Ma- i French Makers. <^ers. ( , llhll s t s. Polishers. : 1 i Uphol- sterers. ENGLAND AND WALES. i Northern Counties and Cleveland. Alnwick 8|d .. .. .. .. 53 Bishop Auckland M. .. .. .. .. .. 5f,4 Carlisle lid. to 8(7. .. .. .. .. 50 Hartlepool 8(7. .. .. .. 8(7. 53 Jarrow 39*. 6(7.* .. .. .. 54 Middlesbrough Newcastle ( 84(7. ) l39.s-.9(7,f| 94(7., 9(7. 9(7. Bd 9id 9fcL 8d. 8Jd. 8^(7. 53 BO North Shields.. 9(/. .. .. .. .. .. 50 Sunderland ML 9(7. Bid. 8^(7. 50,53 Yorkshire, except Cleveland. Barnsley Id. .. 74. ast .. .. 53 Bradford 7frf. Tfd 7|A 7|4 7*d. 7f<7. 54 Dewsbury 74<7. 7i* ML Hd. .. .. 52 Halifax 7|d. 7^. 7i<7.and8d. .. Tid. 74<7. 53 Huddersfleld .. 74<7. 7|4 7ft& na. 7(7. 74<7. 54 Hull ?*& 7*1 7JA nd. 7idL 74<7. 53,56 Keighley 74d. 7|dL .. 6d 7(7. 36s.* 54 Leeds ML 8^. 8|& Sid. 8d 84(7. 494, 524 Rotherham 36s. to 37s* .. .. .. .. 54 Scarborough Tld. .. .. .. 554t,494 Sheffield 7f(7.to8K Bd. Id. to 8d. 8A 7(7. 8(7, 54 Shipley Tld. W. 7|dL 27s* 7|d. 74A 54 Wakefleld 7dL .. .. .. 7(7. 53 York 30s* 54 Lancashire and Cheshire. Accrington 34s.* 7|& .. .. Hh. 53 Altrinchana 9d. .. 9d. .. 8(7. 9(7. 51 and 4 8 Ashton-under-Lyne . . 34s.* 8<7. .. .. 74(7. 74d. 54 Barrow 7*d.to8$& .. ltd. to 9& 7(7. 54 Birkenhead .. .. .. 8(7, 50 Blackburn 8d. Bd. 84d.tolOdf. 8(7. 8d. to 9(7. 51 * Per week. fPer week in Ship yards. J Summer. Winter. CABINET VAK.fN(J AND FURNISHING. 109 FURNISHING TBADES--1900. FULL WEEK (exclusive of Overtime) recognised at 1ST JANUARY, 1900, TRADES in various TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM. 1) \l the Trade. Union* T0WN, Standard Hate per Hoiir recognised for Hours of Labour per week. Cabinet Makers. Chair Makers. Carvers. Ma- chinists. 1 French Polishers. Uphol- sterers. Lancashire and Cheshire cot. Bolton . . 36? f Ud. 8rf. to 9d. 30*.* 8(7, 7(7. 8(7.. 7id 53 and 54 54 Burnley Mtf Bury 7(7. 8rf. 8d. 54 Chester 714, 7i4 lid. 7f(7. 7(7. 54 Lancaster 8(7, 8d. 8(7. 7H 7|* 7|4 53$ to 50 Liverpool 9(7. 8*4 9(7. 8(7. 8(7. 36*.f 47 to 54 Manchester- Central . 04 8&1. 8^(7. 9(7. 8(7. 04 53 and 54 West 9(7. 9(7. 9(7.and9ir7 9(7. 8(7. 9(7. 48, 51 Oldham 8fc*. Bid. 8(7. Bd 8(7. 53,54 Preston 7i.f 32.s-.t 35.s'.t SB St. Helens Ud. qk 7i4 54 Southport 81<7. .. .. 38.v.t 49J Stockport 8(7. 8(7. 8tf. 8(7. 71& 8(7. 54 Warrington 8d. 84 8d. 8d. 8(7. 84 54 Wigan 34 3* Ud. W. 7H 8(7. 54 Midland and Eastern Counties. Bedford 8d. .. .. .. .. .. 56i Birmingham .. Bid. 8^d. 8Jd. 8i 1J time 1 time 1J time 7 6 1 time 1 time 1 time 7 6 5 4 1J time 1 time l- time 1J time 6 a.m. to 10 p.m.* 1^ time 1 time 1 time 8 S 12 12 B S S S 9 S 8 & & B S 8 Wakefield ( Day Duty... York 1 ( Night Duty Lancashire and Cheshire. Birkenhead.. Bolton Hey wood Lancaster Liverpool . ... .. ... . Manchester ... Oldham Rochdale ... . . ... ... Salford Wallasey . ... Wigan Midland Counties. Birmingham ... * From 10 p.m. Sunday to 6 a.m. Monday, 1| time. f Stokers employed in working, drawing, and charging machines. 282G II 114 STANDARD TIME RATES. GAS STOKERS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES and HOURS of LABOUR per GAS WORKS in the PRINCIPAL Town. Standard Rate of Wages per Shift. Hours in each Shift. On Week Days. On Sundays. Midland Counties co-nt. Bristol *. d. 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 6 6 5 9 *. d. 5 1| time 5 5 1 time H time Double time 1 time Double time 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Derby Leicester . London District. London, E. ... London, S.E. London, S.W London (Beckton) 5 9 Double time 8 London (West Ham) 6 Double time 8 London (Southall) 5 10 Double time 8 London (Brentford) 5 10 Double time 8 South-Eastern Counties. Southampton , 4 10 1 time 8 Tunbridge Wells 5 3 5 3 12 South-Western Counties. Devonport 5 4 5 5 7 6 4 5 lj time 8 12 8 Exeter GAS STOKERS. 115 1900. SHIFT recognised at IST JANUARY, 1000, for STOKERS in TOWNS of GREAT BRITAIN. m Standard Ra per te of Wages Shift. Hours in L iown. On Week Days. On Sundays. eacn Shift. Wales and Monmouth. Cardiff *. d. 5 s. d. 5 3 Llanelly 4 8 4 8 8 Swansea 5 6 g SCOTLAND. Falkirk 4 9 4 9 8 5 3 5 3 8 G-reenock 5 5 8 2826 H2 116 STANDARD TIME RATES. POLICE CONSTABLES- MAXIMUM and MINIMUM RATES of PAY for [Compiled from Home Office Police Report 181 of 1900 for of Constabulary for Scotland (0. 9305 of 1899), and for (46 Viet.), and also from special returns received from (a) City or Borough. CITY OR BOROUGH. BATE OF PAY PER WEEK. CITY OR BOROUGH. BATE OF PAY PER WEEK. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. ENGLAND AND WALES. Accrington s. d. 32 8 s. d. 25 1 Coventry Derby *. d. 31 10 32 s. d. 22 7 24 Ashton-under-Lyne Bacup .. 34 30 2Q 10 26 24 21 Devonport Dewsbury Doncaster 31 8 31 32 11 22 24 24 6 Banbury Barnsley 27 6 24 Dover 32 25 Barnstaple 26 21 Durham 31 24 Barrow-in-Furness 31 6 26 10 Eastbourne 32 6 25 Bath .. .. .. 32 6 20 Exeter 28 6 21 6 Bedford 31 5 23 4 Folkestone 32 26 Ber wick-on-TVeed . . Beverley 27 6 99 o 26 6 23 25 24 24 Gateshead Glossop Grantham 32 28 6 29 2 30 2 24 24 22 2 24 2 24 Birkenhead Birmingham Blackburn 31 34 34 Great Grimsby 32 Blackpool 32 8 25 8 Great Yarmouth 29 21 Bolton 31 6 25 Guildford 32 23 Bootle 32 25 Halifax 32 24 Boston 29 6 23 Hanley 31 11 23 Bradford 35 24 Hartlepool 30 4 24 6 Bridgwater 26 6 21 Hastings 32 25 Brighton 32 21 Hereford 28 22 Bristol 32 24 Hove 32 25 Burnley 31 25 Huddersfleld 32 24 Cambridge 33 10 23 7 Hull 37 24 Canterbury 30 8 24 Hyde j 28 2 25 Cardiff 33 25 Ipswich 28 23 4 Carlisle 35 24 Kendal 26 23 Carmarthen Chester 26 SO 20 24 24 Kidderminster King's Lynn Lancaster 32 28 7 29 2 22 2 22 2 24 Chesterfield 31 Clitheroe 32 25 Leamington 33 21 Colchester 31 6 25 1 Leeds 36 24 Congleton 26 23 Leicester 34 24 POLICE CONSTABLES. 117 1900. POLICE CONSTABLES at 1st January, 1900. England and Wales, from the Report of Her Majesty's Inspector Ireland from the Constabulary and Police (Ireland) Act, 1883 various Police Authorities.] (a) City or Borough. CITY OR BOROUGH. RATE OF PAY PER WEEK. CITY OR BOEOUGH. RATE OF PAY PER WEEK. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. ENGLAND AND WALES cont. s. d. s. d. . d. s. d Lincoln 32 6 24 St. Albans 30 2 23 4 Liverpool 31 25 St. Helens 31 24 London (City) 36 3 25 Salford 31 24 London (Metropolitan) 32 0* 24 0* Salisbury 28 21 Louth 26 9 23 Scarborough 31 4 23 6 Luton 30 4 23 4 Sheffield 32 2 24 Macclesfleld 29 24 Shrewsbury 27 21 5 Maidstone 30 24 Southampton 32 23 Manchester 34 6 24 Southport 34 6 27 Margate 32 2 24 South Shields 33 24 Middlesbrough 32 25 8 Staly bridge 30 24 Neath 31 6 26 6 Stockport 32 24 Newark 29 24 6 Sunderland 33 6 25 Newcastle -on-Ty ne. . 33 24 Swansea 30 24 Newcastle-under-Lyme . . 31 6 23 11 Tiverton 26 21 Newport (Mon.) .. 31 6 25 Truro 25 8 22 2 Northampton 33 22 Tunbridge Wells .. 32 24 Nor wich . . . . . . SO 21 32 24 Nottingham 31 23 Wakefleld 31 24 Oldham 32 4 25 Walsall .. .. .. 31 6 24 Oxford 30 22 6 Warrington 32 25 Penzance 26 21 Weymouth 26 6 23 Peterborough (City) 33 6 25 Winchester 28 23 Plymouth 31 9 22 1 Windsor 29 23 Portsmouth . . . . 32 23 Wigan 32 8 24 6 Preston 32 24 Wolverhampton 31 6 24 Ramsgate 32 2 24 Worcester 33 24 Beading 30 23 Wycombe 28 21 31 6 23 11 York 32 24 Rochdale 30 24 SCOTLAND. Rochester 30 24 Aberdeen 29 9 22 9 Rotherham 31 24 Airdrie 29 23 11 Ryde 29 23 6 Alloa 29 2 23 4 * In addition, the men are paid an allowance in lieu of coals, and a number of Constable approximately one-tenth of the total receive an extra allowance of Is. 6d. per week, making, in practice, a maximum of 33s. 6d. per week. 118 STANDARD TIME RATES. POLICE CONSTABLES- MAXIMUM and MINIMUM RATES of PAY for POLICE (a) City or Borough. CITY OR BOROUGH. BATE OF PAY PER WEEK. CITY OR BOROUGH. RATE OF PAY PER WEEK. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. SCOTLAND-?^. Arbroath Ayr s. d. 26 10 29 9 s. d. 21 23 11 s. d. 28 7 27 5 s. d. 22 9 20 5 Inverness Brechin 26 10 21 Johnstone 29 9 23 11 Broughty Ferry 28 7 22 9 Kilmarnock 29 2 23 4 Coatbridge 29 9 23 11 Kinning Park 29 2 23 4 Dumbarton 29 9 23 11 Kirkcaldy 29 9 23 11 Dumfries 27 5 21 7 Leith 29 9 23 11 Dundee Dunfermline . . 29 9 9 8 7 23 11 22 9 23 6 21 22 9 Montrose Paisley Partick Perth Renfrew 26 10 28 7 29 9 28 7 28 7 21 22 9 23 11 22 9 22 9 Edinburgh Forfar 30 6 26 10 28 7 Galashiels Glasgow Govan Greenock 29 8 29 9 29 9 2310 23 11 23 11 Rothesay Stirling 29 2 29 2 23 4 23 4 IRELAND. Hamilton 29 9 23 11 Dublin ^Metropolitan) BO 23 0* * This rate is for Constables of under one years' service ; the rate of pay for Super- numerary Constables is 15s. M. per week. (b) County. COUNTY RATE OF PAY PER WEEK. COUNTY. RATE OF PAY PER WEEK. Maxi - mum. Mini- mum. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. ENGLAND AND WALES. Anglesey x. d. 26 s. d. 22 Denbighshire.. s. d. 28 s. d. 22 2 Bedfordshire 28 7 21 Derbyshire 29 9 24 6 Berkshire 27 5 21 7 Devonshire 26 3 20 6 Breconshire 28 23 Dorsetshire 26 21 Buckinghamshire 28 20 10 Durham 32 1 25 1 Cambridgeshire 27 5 21 7 Ely (Isle of) 26 10 21 Cardiganshire 27 5 21 Essex 28 22 2 Carmarthenshire 29 9 23 11 Flintshire 28 22 2 Carnarvonshire 28 22 2 Glamorganshire 31 6 25 1 Cheshire 32 8 25 1 Gloucestershire 27 11 21 11 Cornwall 25 1 20 5 Hampshire 28 21 Cumberland 30 11 23 11 Herefordshire 26 3 21 POLICE CONSTABLES. 119 1900. CONSTABLES at 1st January, 1900 contimt-ed. (b) County. COUNTY. RATE OF PAY PER WEEK. COUNTY. RATE OF PAY PER WEEK. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum. Maxi- mum. Mini- mum ENGLAND AND WALES con t. s. d. st. d. SCOTLAND. Hertfordshire 28 5 21 7 s. d. . d Aberdeen 28 7 21 Huntingdonshire .. 27 5 21 7 Argyll 28 22 2 Kent 28 22 9 Ayr 29 2 23 4 Lancashire H2 8 25 1 Banff 27 11 20 6 Leicestershire 30 1 22 Berwick 28 7 22 9 Lincolnshire 29 24 Bute 29 9 23 4 Merionethshire 26 10 21 1 Caithness 25 20 Monmouthshire 30 11 23 11 Clackmannan 29 2 23 4 Montgomeryshire 28 21 Dumbarton 29 9 23 11 Norfolk 26 20 Dumfries 28 22 2 Northamptonshire .. 31 22 Edinburgh 28 7 22 9 Northumberland 32 8 23 11 Elgin 28 22 2 Nottinghamshire 29 9 24 6 Fife 28 7 22 9 Oxfordshire 28 3 19 10 Forfar 28 22 2 Pembrokeshire 28 22 2 Haddington 28 7 22 9 Peterborough (Liberty) . . 29 6 24 Inverness 27 5 20 5 Radnorshire 26 3 25 1 Kincardine 28 7 21 Rutlandshire 28 22 2 Kinross 28 7 22 9 Shropshire 26 10 21 Somersetshire 26 10 21 Kirkcudbright 28 22 2 Lanark 29 9 23 11 Staffordshire 31 6 24 Linlithgow 28 7 22 9 Suffolk, East 26 3 20 5 Nairn 2610 21 Suffolk, West 26 3 20 5 Peebles 28 7 22 9 Surrey 29 2 22 9 Perth 28 22 2 Sussex, East 28 22 6 Renfrew 29 9 23 11 Sussex, West 27 5 21 Warwickshire 29 2 23 4 Ross and Cromarty 27 5 20 5 Roxburgh 27 5 21 7 Westmorland 30 11 23 11 Selkirk .. 27 5 21 7 Wight, Isle of 28 21 Stirling 29 2 23 4 Wiltshire 24 6 19 10 Sutherland 26 3 20 5 Worcestershire 28 22 2 Yorks., E. Riding .. 28 22 2 Wigtown 27 11 22 1 Yorks., N. Riding 30 11 24 6 IRELAND. Yorks., W. Riding .. 31 6 25 1 Royal Irish Constabulary. . 27 21 0* * This rate is for Constables of six months' and less than four years' service ; the rate of pay for Constables of less than six months' service is 15s. per week. 120 STANDARD TIME RATES. ABLE SEAMEN, PREDOMINANT RATES of WAGES per MONTH recognised at IST JANUARY, VOYAGES from the PRINCIPAL PORTS of the (The Seamen are provided with (Compiled from Monthly Returns, showing the number of engagements PORT. VOYAGE. Monthly Rates of Wages. On Sailing Vessels. On Steamships. Able Seamen. Able Seamen. Firemen.* Trimmers. ENGLAND AND WALES. East Coast. s. d. 8. d. *. d. . d. ( Newcastle and Shields. } North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . West Coast of America Mediterranean Baltic 60* 90 90 90*' 90 90 90 90 90" 90 90 Running Agreements Sunderland . . . . < North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . Mediterranean Running Agreements 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 Middlesbrough Hull J East Indies and China . . Baltic 60 90* 85 85 80 90* 90 90 85 85 North America, East Coast .. East Indies and China Mediterranean Bristol Channel. Bristol North America, East Coast 80 85 " Avonmouth .. North America, East Coast 90 95 .- Newport (Mon.) Mediterranean 90 90 - ( Cardiff, Barry, and, Penarth. ' k North America, East Coast . . South America and West Indies . West Coast of America Australia and New Zealand . . East Indies and China Cape, Natal, and East Coast of Africa Mediterranean Baltic 60' 60 60 60 60 80s. & 90s.t 80s. & 90s.f 90* 90 80s. & 90s.f 80s. & 90s.f 80s &90s.t 80s. & 90s.f 80s. & 90s.f 90" 90 80s. & 90s.t 80s. & 90s.f 80s. & 90s.f Running Agreements * Many Firemen also act as Trimmers, SEAMEN. FIREMEN, AND TRIMMERS-1900. 1900, for ABLE SEAMEN, FIREMEN and TRIMMERS shipped on certain UNITED KINGDOM on FOREIGN-GOING VESSELS. Food in addition to Wages.) at each rate, furnished by the Superintendents of Mercantile Marine.) PORT. VOYAGE. Monthly Rates of Wages. On Sailing Vessels. On Steamships. Able Seamen. Able Seamen. Firemen.* Trimmers. ENGLAND AND WALES cont. Bristol Channel con t. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Swansea . . . . < Other Ports. North America, East Coast West Coast of America Mediterranean Gunning Agreements . . . . . 60 ' 90 90 ' 90 95 95* 95 '' ( Liverpool .. . X ^ North America, East Coast South America and West Indies West Coast of America Australia and New Zealand East Indies and China West Coast of Africa Mediterranean 60 60" 55 60 80s. & 90s. 70 70 80 ' 60 70 90s. & 100s. 80 80 80 ' 70 80 80s. & 90s. 70s. & 80s. 70 60" 65s. & 70s. f London < I North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . West Coast of America Australia and New Zealand East Indies and China Cape, Natal, and East Coast of Africa Mediterranean Running Agreements 60 80 ' 60 60 ' 90 80 70s. & 80s. 80 80 80s. & 85*. 85s. & 90s. 100 90 80s. & 90s. 90 90 85s. & 90s. 90 90 70s. & 80s. 80 ' Southampton South America and West Indies . . Cape, Natal, and East Coast of Africa 80 80 95 95 75 80 SCOTLAND. Glasgow . . . . < North America, East Coast Australia and New Zealand Mediterranean Running Agreements 60 ' 80 80" 80 80 80" 80 60 IRELAND. Dublin North America, East Coast 90 95 - Belfast North America, East Coast 85 90 t The predominant rate was 90s. at Barry and 80s. at Cardiff and Penarth. 123 B-STANDARD RATES OF WAGES FOR A SERIES OF YEARS, BUILDING TRADES. BRICKLAYERS. MASONS. CARPENTERS AND JOINERS. PLUMBERS. PLASTERERS. PAINTERS. 124 STANDARD TIME RATES. BRICKLAYERS- STANDARD RATES OF WAGES per HOUR recognised for BRICKLAYERS in 1st January (Compiled from the Annual Reports LOCALITY. RATE OF WAGES PER 1874. 1875, 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 18S4. 1885. 1886. 1887. ENGLAND AND WALES. Barrow-in-Furness Birmingham Blackburn d. 8 7J d. 84 74 d. 84 74 d. 84 &i d. 84 84 d. 84 84 d. 84 84 d, 84 71 d. 84 71 d. 84 7i d. 84 8 d. 84 8 d. 84 8 d, 84 8 Bradford Brighton Bristol 6 6 64 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 7 7 7 74 74 74 61 6* 7 7 74 74 74 61 6 7 7 74 74 74 6| 6 Cardiff Chatham Derby Exeter Hereford Huddersfleld 6 tt 54 74 6 8 54 54 74 64 8 54 54 74 7 84 5f 6 8 74 84 61 6 8 74 84 6f 6 8 74 74 64 64 8 74 74 6| 64 8 74 74 61 64 8 74 74 61 64 74 74 74 7 6 Hull Ipswich 54 54 Leeds Leicester Liverpool .. London Manchester .. Middlesbrough Newcastle-on-Tyne Northampton Norwich Nottingham.. 7* 9 84 6 7 71 9 84 BJ 84 6 5 8 8 9 9 7 5 8 8J 9 10 7 54 8 9 9 10 94 74 6 8 9 9 9 8i 84 74 6 8 9 74 8i 9 9 74 8 9 84 74 8 9 84 74 8 9 84 74 8 9 84 74 8 9 84 74 8 9 84 74 8 7 6 8 74 8 9 84 74 8 7 6 8 74 7 6 8 9 74 7 6 8 9 74 7 6 8 9 74 7 6 8 8 7 6 8 8 7 6 8 Oldham Plymouth 10 10 Portsmouth 6 64 7 7 74 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Beading Sheffield 6 64 7 7 7 8 64 7 8 64 7 84 64 74 8 8i 74 Southampton Stockton-on-Tees . . ... 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 Wigan Wolverhampton . . SCOTLAND. 7 9 7 9 74 9 8 9 8 9 8 8* 74 8i 74 8J 74 8J 74 8i 74 8* 74 8J 74 Glasgow IRELAND. Belfast Dublin BRICKLAYERS. 125 1874-1900. the undermentioned TOWNS of the UNITED KlNUDOM for each Year since 1874. of the Bricklayers' Trade Unions.} HOUR AT 1ST JANUARY. LOCALITY. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895.' 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. d. & d. d, d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. d. ENGLAND AND WALES. 81 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 9 9 Barrow-in-Furness 8 8 8 84 84 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 94 Birmingham. 9 9 9 9 9 84 8 9 94 84 8 94 94 84 8 94 10 84 8 94 10 81 8 10 10 8f 8 Blackburn. Bolton. Bradford. Brighton. 84 8 7 7 7 7 74 74 7 7 7 74 74 84 84 8 8 8 8 84 84 Bristol. 71 74 74 8 8 8 84 84 84 84 84 84 9 Cardiff. 71 74 74 74 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 Chatham. 74 61 6 74 7 6 74 6f 6 74 61 6 8 8 8 8 8 84 84 74 7 84 84 84 8 74 9 9 9 8 74 9 9 Derby. Exeter. Hereford. Huddersfleld. Hull. 64 64 64 64 64 8 8 7 8 8 7 74 8 8 8 8 54 54 54 6 64 64 64 64 64 7 7 7 7 Ipswich. .. 8 8 84 84 84 84 84 84 9 9 9 9 Leeds. 74 74 74 74 8 8 8 8 84 84 84 9 9 Leicester. 8 8 8 8 84 84 84 9 9 9 94 94 94 Liverpool. 9 9 9 9 9 94 94 94 94 10 10 10 10 London. 84 84 84 84 9 9 9 94 94 10 10 10 10 Manchester. 74 74 8 81 N 8| 81 8i 9 9 9 9 10 Middlesbrough. 8 8 84 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 Newcastle-on-Tyne. 7 7 7 74 74 74 8 8 8 8 8 8 84 Northampton. 6 6 6 6 C4 64 64 64 64 64 7 7 74 Norwich. 8 8 8 8 8 84 84 84 84 9 9 9 9 Nottingham. .. 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 1C 10 Oldham. .. 74 74 74 74 74 74 8 8 8 Plymouth. 7 7 7 7 7 7 74 8 8 9 74 8 9 74 8 9 8 84 10 8 84 10 8 Portsmouth. Preston. Reading. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 74 84 84 84 84 84 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 94 Sheffield. 64 64 64 64 64 7 7 74 74 74 74 8 8 Southampton. 74 74 8 8 84 84 84 84 84 84 9 9 9 Stockton-on-Tees. 8 8 8 8i 8| 8i 8J 9 9 9 9 94 10 Sunderland. N 8J 8J 8* 84 8f 81 8! 81 B| 9J 9} 94 Wigan. 74 74 74 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 84 84 84 Wolverhampton. SCOTLAND. 84 8 9 9 9 8 94 9 84 94 94 84 10 94 84 84 10 10 84 81 Edinburgh. Glasgow. IRELAND. Belfast. Dublin. 126 STANDARD TIME RATKS MASONS- STANDARD RATES of WAGES per HOUR recognised for MASONS in the 1st January, (Compiled from the Annual Reports of LOCALITY. RATE OF WAGES PER 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. ENGLAND AND WALES. d. d. d. d. d. & d. d. d. d d. d. d. Barrow-in-Furness 8 8 8 81 81 N 81 81 71 *l 71 75 n Birmingham 8 8 8 8 8 81 84 81 81 N 8 81 N Blackburn 8 8 8J 8J 81 81 81 8! 81 8i 81 81 81 Bolton .. 81 9 9 9 9 9 81 81 81 81 84 81 81 Bradford 8 8 8i N 81 8 8 8 8 8 71 71 71 Brighton 7i 71 71 84 81 8J 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 Bristol 71 71 8 8 8 71 71 71 71 61 6 61 61 Cardiff 71 7i 71 8 8 8 8 8 8 71 71 71 71 Huddersfleld 71 71 7J 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 Hull 1\ 71 81 81 81 81 61 8 71 6i 71 7* 61 71 71 7| 71 81 81 Leeds 81 81 81 81 8 71 71 8 8 8 Leicester 8 8 8 9 9 81 i 81 81 81 81 81 84 Liverpool 7* 71 9 9 9 8 o 8 8 8 8 8 8 London 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Manchester 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 Middlesbrough 8 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Newcastle-on-Tyne N 81 9 9 9 71 71 71 71 8 8 8 8 Norwich 6* S| 61 61 81 6* 61 61 61 61 61 64 61 Nottingham .. 71 8 N N 81 81 81 81 Hi 9 9 9 9 Oldham 81 9 9 9} 91 01 91 N 9* 9* 81 81 81 Plymouth 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Portsmouth .. H 61 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 Preston 8 8 81 01 9* 9* 91 91 H 9$ 81 81 81 Beading 7 71 71 N 81 84 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 Sheffield 8J 8* 81 9 81 81 81 81 81 81 31 81 N Southampton Stock ton-on-Tees 5i 5* 51 51 61 51 71 9 61 71 9 5} 71 9 N 71 9 61 71 8 61 71 8 61 71 8 61 71 8 Sunderland 71 81 9 9 9 Swansea 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 Wigan BJ 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Wolverhampton .. 7| 71 8 81 81 81 81 81 81 8 8 8 8 SCOTLAND. Edinburgh Glasgow . . . MASONS. 127 1875-1900. undermentioned TOWNS of the UNITED KINGDOM for each Year since 1875. tJie Operative Stonemasons'* Societies.) HOUR AT 1ST JANUARY. - 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. LOCALITY. ENGLAND AND WALES. 39 39 Bristol < ' " 36 Cardiff Connah's Quay . 29"0 29"0 Liverpool 39 39 Pembroke Dock Swansea 36"0 Whitehaven . . 29* 3 29"3 30 "4^ 30"44 30 " 4i 31 6 Workington 23 23 26 30 27 27"0 26 The Thames and South Coast. Devonport Falmouth 30 30 3 32 32 24 London . . 42'*0 42"0 42 Plymouth 24 27 Portsmouth Southampton . 32"0 32 35"0 35" 35 "0 SCOTLAND. East Coast. Aberdeen 23 6 23 6 25 29 3 29 3 29 3 29 3 Dundee 29 3* 29 3* 30 44 33 9 34 104 34 104 33 9 Graneemouth .. Leith 31 6* 30 4* 31 6* 30 44* 31 6 31 6 36 36 36 36 36"0 34 104 34 101 West Coast. Glasgow 30 44* 30 4i* 31 6 36 36 36 31 104 Greenock 30 4* 30 4* 31 6 36 36 36 34 10$ Paisley 30 44* 30 4i* 31 6 36 36 36 34 104 IRELAND. Belfast * Computed weekly earnings. Wages were paid by the hour. SHIPWRIGHTS. 149 1887-1900. of Overtime) recognised for SHIPWRIGHTS in the under- for each Year since 1st January, 1887. the Associated Shipwrights' Society.) AT 1ST JANUARY. LOCALITY. 1894. 1895. 1890. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. ENGLAND AND WALES. East Coast. s. d. s. d. a. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 36 6 36 6 36 37 6 39 40 6 40 6 Blyth. 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 34 6 Goole. 33 33 33 33 33 3fi 38 Grimsby. 35 6 35 6 35 6 37 38 6 40 40 Hartlepool. 33 6 33 6 33 6 35 6 37 6 37 6 38 6 HuU. 29 5 29 5 30 31 9 30 31 9 30 32114 33 32 114 34 6 Ipswich. Lowestoft. 35"6 36 36 35'*6 36 36 35 6 36 36 37 37 6 37 6 38 6 39 39 40 40 6 40 6 40 40 6 40 d Middlesbrough. Newcastle-on-Tyne. N. Shields. 36 36 36 37 6 39 40 6 40 6 S. Shields. 35 6 35 6 35 6 37 38 6 40 40 Stockton-on-Tees. 35 6 35 6 35 6 37 38 6 40 40 Sunderland.f 35 35 35 36 6 38 39 6 39 6 Whitby. West Coast. 34 6 34 6 34 6 36 6 37 74 38 9 38 9 Barrow. 37 6 37 6 37 6 37 6 39 39 39 Birkenhead. 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 Bristol. 39 39 39 Cardiff. 29 29 29 29" 29" 29"0 29"0 Connah's Quay. 39 31 39 31 39 31 39 31 39 31 39 31 6 39 31 6 Liverpool. Pembroke Dock. 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 Swansea. 31 6 31 31 32 32 32 Whitehaven. 26 26"0 26 28 29 30 30 Workingtou. The Thames and South Coast. 31 24 31 24 31 24 31 24 31 24 31 6 24 31 6 27 Devonport. Falmouth. 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 London. 27 27 27 27 27 27 30 Plymouth. 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 6 Portsmouth. 35 35 35 35 36 36 37 6 Southampton SCOTLAND. East Coast. 28 3 29 3 29 9 30 9 32 74 34 104 34 104 Aberdeen. 32 74 32 74 32 74 34 104 36 37 14 37 14 Dundee. 33 9 33 9 33 9 36 37 14 38 3 38 3 Grangemouth. 33 9 33 9 33 9 36 37 l| 38 3 38 3 Leith. West Coast. 33 9 33 9 33 9 33 9 33 9 33 9 33 9 33 9 33 9 36 36 36 37 li 37 14 37 14 38 3 38 3 38 3 38 3 38 3 38 3 Glasgow. Greenock. Paisley. IRELAND. 33 6 33 6 33 6 35 9 37 14 38 3 38 3 Belfast t The rates for Sunderland are those recognised by the Wear Shipwrights' Benevolent Society. 151 PRINTING TRADES. LETTERPRESS PRINTERS-COMPOSITORS. LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTERS. 152 STANDARD TIME RATES. COMPOSITORS- STANDARD RATES OF WAGES for a full week's work (exclusive of in the undermentioned TOWNS of the UNITED (Compiled from Returns furnished LOCALITY. WEEKLY RATE OF WAGES 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. ENGLAND AND WALES. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s, d. Barrow-in-Furness . . 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 ! 30 30 30 Birmingham .. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Blackburn 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Bolton 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 Bradford 30 30 30 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 Brighton 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 Bristol 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 Cardiff 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 Gloucester 26 26 ,0 26 26 26 26 28 26 26 26 Guildford 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Huddersfleld .. Hull 30 BO 30 30 24 30 30 24 30 30 24 30 30 24 30 30 24 30 30 24 30 30 24 30 30 24 30 30 24 Ipswich 24 Leeds 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Leicester 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Liverpool London 34 36 34 36 28 34 36 28 34 36 28 34 36 28 34 36 28 34 36 28 34 36 28 34 36 28 34 36 28 Maidstone 28 Manchester 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Middlesbrough 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Newcastle-on-Tyne. . 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Norwich 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 Nottingham 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Oldham 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Plymouth 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 Portsmouth 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 Preston 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Reading 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Sheffield 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 Stockton-on-Tees . . 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 Sunderland 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Swansea 20s.-25s. 20s.-25*. 20s.-25s 2Qs-25s. 20s.-25s. 20s.-25s. 20s.-25s. 20s.-25s. 27 27 Wigan 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 Wol verha mpton 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 SCOTLAND. Aberdeen 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 Dundee 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 27 Edinburgh 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Glasgow 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 IRELAND. Belfast 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Cork 30 30 30 30 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 Dublin 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 COMPOSITORS. 153 1880-1900. overtime) recognised for COMPOSITORS employed in JOBBING OFFICES KINGDOM for each Year since 1st January, J880. by the Typographical Associations.) AT 1ST JANUARY. LOCALITY. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. .V <1 s d. .s 1 . d ,s'. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 8. d. *. d. s. dt s. d. 33 ENGLAND AND WALES. Barrow-in-Furness. 30 30 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 30 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 6 34 6 Birmingham. 30 30 30 31 6 31 6 31 o 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 32 6 Blackburn. 31 6 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Bolton. 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Bradford. 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Brighton. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Bristol. 80 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Cardiff. 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 n 20 28 Gloucester. 30 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 Guildford. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Huddersfield. 30 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 32 32 32 Hull. 24 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 26 28 28 Ipswich. 32 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 Leeds. 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 6 Leicester. 24 34 35 6 35 6 35 6 35 6 35 6 35 6 35 6 35 6 35 6 Liverpool. 36 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 London. 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 23 28 28 Maidstone. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Manchester. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 Middlesbrough. 32 33 6 33 6 33 6 33 (J 33 6 33 6 33 6 33 6 33 6 33 6 Newcastle-on-Tyne. 21 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 Norwich. 30 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Nottingham. 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 34 34 34 Oldham. 24 24 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 29 30 Plymouth. 21 24 24 24 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 Portsmouth. 30 30 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 31 6 32 6 Preston. 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 28 Reading. 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Sheffield. 26 26 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 Stockton-on-Tees. 30 30 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 Sunderland. 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 6 28 6 28 6 28 6 28 6 Swansea. 30 30 31 31 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 Wigan. 29 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 30 6 32 6 Wolverhampton. SCOTLAND. 27 27 29 29 29 29 29 30 30 30 30 Aberdeen. 27 27 29 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Dundee. 30 30 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Edinburgh. 32 6 32 6 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 Glasgow. IRELAND. 30 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 :V2 32 6 32 6 32 6 Belfast. 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 G 32 6 32 6 : 32 6 32 6 32 6 Cork. 35 35 a 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 a Dublin. 154 STANDARD TIME RATES. LITHOGRAPHIC STANDARD RATES of WAGES for a full week's work (exclusive undermentioned TOWNS of the UNITED (Compiled from the Reports of the LOCALITY WEEKLY BATE OF WAGES 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. ENGLAND AND WALES. s. d. s. d. 3. d. s. d. s. d s. d. 8. d Birmingham Bolton 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 6 30 30 30 32 6 33 30 30 Bristol Cardiff 30 30 30 Derby 33 8 33 28 32 33 28 32 33 30 30 30 30 33 30 30 30 30 33 30 30 30 30 33 32 30 30 30 Huddersfleld Hull 32 Leeds 32 32 32 Leicester 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Liverpool London 31s. & 33s. 42 31s. & 33s. 42 31s. & 33s. 42 31s. & 33s. 42 31s. & 33s. 42 31s & 33s. 42 33 42 Maidstone 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 Manchester 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Middlesbrough 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Newcastle-on-Tyne .. 28 28 28 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Nottingham 35 35 35 32 Rochdale 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Sheffield 30 30 30 30 30 32 32 Stockport 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Stockton-on-Tees 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Wolverhampton .. .. 30 30 30 30 30 31 31 Worcester 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 York 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 SCOTLAND. Aberdeen Dundee 27 27 27 27 30 30 30s. & 32s. 30 28 30 30 30s. & 32s. 30 28 30 30 30s. & 32s. 30 28 30 30s. & 32s. 30s. & 32s. 30 Edinburgh Glasgow 30 30 Kirkcaldy Paisley . . 32 32 32 IRELAND. Belfast Cork 30s. to 35s. 35 30s. to 35s. 33 30s. to 35.9. 33 30s. to 35s. 33 30s. to 35s. 33 30s. to 35s. 33 35 33 Dublin .. 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTERS. 155 PRINTERS-1886-1900. of overtime) recognised for LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTERS in the KINGDOM for each Year since 1st January, 1886. Amalgamated Society of Lithographic Printers.) AT 1ST JANUARY. LOCALITY. 1893. 1894. 1895. [ 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. 1900. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 3. d. s. d. ENGLAND AND WALES. 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 Birmingham. 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Bolton. 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 32 Bristol. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Cardiff. 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Derby. 32 32 32 32 35 35 35 35 Han ley. 30 30 30 30 30 32 32 32 Huddersfleld. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Hull. 30 30 30 32 32 34 34 34 Leeds. 30 30 30 30 32 32 32 34 Leicester. 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 Liverpool. 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 London. 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 Maidstone. 33 33 33 33 33 33 35 35 Manchester. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Middlesbrough. 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Newcastle-on-Tyne 32 32 32 32 32 6 32 6 32 6 32 6 Norwich. 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 35 Nottingham. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Rochdale. 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Sheffield. 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 35 Stockport. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Stockton-on-Tees. 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 Wolverhampton. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 6 Worcester. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 York. SCOTLAND. 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 30 Aberdeen. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 32 Dundee. 30s. & 32s. 30s. & 32s. 30 30.v. & 32s. 30s. & 32s. 30 30s. & 32s. 30s. & 32s. 30 30s. & 32s. 30s. & 32s. 30 32 30s. & 32s. 30 32 32 30 32 32 30 34 32 30 Edinburgh. Glasgow. Kirkcaldy. 30 30 30 30 30 32 32 32 Paisley. IRELAND 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Belfast. 33 33 33 33 33 33 35 35 Cork. 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Dublin. L57 SEAMEN. (Predominant Rates.) ABLE SEAMEN ON SAILING VESSELS. ABLE SEAMEN ON STEAMSHIPS. FIREMEN. TRIMMERS. 158 STANDARD TIME RATES. ABLE SEAMEN- PREDOMINANT RATES of WAGES paid per MONTH to ABLE SEAMEN KINGDOM on FOREIGN-GOING VESSELS [The Seamen are provided with {Compiled from Monthly Returns, showing the number of engagements PORT. VOYAGE. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. I. Able Seamen on Sailing Vessels. ENGLAND AND WALES. East Coast. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 8. d. Newcastle and Shields. Middlesbrough West Coast of America East Indies and China 60 55s. & 60s. 60 60 60 60 60 55 65 60 Bristol Channel. Cardiff, Barry, J and Penarth. j I South America and West Indies . . West Coast of America Australia and New Zealand East Indies and China Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Swansea West Coast of America 55 55 60 55s. & 60s. 60 Other Ports. Liverpool . . < North America, East Coast West Coast of America Australia and New Zealand. . East Indies and China 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 50s. & 55s. 55s. & 60s. 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 60 55 55 55 London.. ..< North America, East Coast West Coast of America Australia and New Zealand Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 60 60 60 60 SCOTLAND. Glasgow Australia and New Zealand 55 55 55 55 60 II. Able Seamen on Steamships. ENGLAND AND WALES. East Coast. Newcastle andj Shields. ] North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . Mediterranean "Rol+ir> 80 80 80 oft n 80 80 80 Oft ft 80 80 80 Oft ft 85 85 85 OK ft 90 90 90 fin ft ABLE SEAMEN. 159 1895-99. shipped on certain VOYAGES from the PRINCIPAL PORTS of the UNITED during each of the undermentioned Years. Food in addition to Wages.] at each rate, furnished by the Superintendents of Mercantile Marine.) PORT. VOYAGE. 1895. 1896. 1897. | 1898. 1899. II Able Seamen on Steamships cont. ENGLAND AND WALES cont. Bristol Channel. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Bristol .. North America, East Coast 70 70 75 80 80 Avonmouth North America, East Coast 80 80 80 80 90 Newport (Mon.) Mediterranean 70 70 80 80 90 Cardiff, Barry, J and Penarth. I North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . East Indies and China Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa Mediterranean Baltic Running Agreements 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80s. & 90s* 80s. & 90s* 90 90 80s. & 90s* 80 80s. & 90s* Swansea . . j North America, East Coast Mediterranean Running Agreements 80 75 75 80 75 75 85 80 80 80s. & 85*. 80 80 90 90 90 Other Ports. Liverpool . . -s i North America, East Coast . . South America and West Indies West Coast of America East Indies and China West Coast of Africa Mediterranean 80s. & 90s. 70 70 70s. & 75s. 60 70 80s. & 90s. 70 70 75 60 70 80s. & 90s. 70 70 75 60 70 80s. & 90s. 70 70 75 60 70 80s. & 90s. 70 70 75 60 70 London . . . . \ North America, East Coast . . South America and West Indies Australia and New Zealand East Indies and China Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa Mediterranean Running Agreements 80 70 70 70s. & 85s. 70s. & 80s. 75 75s. & 80s. 80 70 70 70 70s. & 80s. 75 75s. & 80s. 80 70 70 70 70s. & 80s. 75 75s. & 80s. 80 70s.,75s.&80s. 70 70 '70s. & 80s. 70s.,75s.&80s. 75s. & 80s. 90 80 70s. & 80s. 80 80 80s. & 85s. 85s. & 90s. Southampton South America and West Indies . . Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 SCOTLAND. Glasgow . . j North America, East Coast Mediterranean Running Agreements 80 70 70 80 70 70 80 70 70 80 70 70 80 80 80 IRELAND. Dublin North America, East Coast 75 75 80 80 90 Belfast .. North America, East Coast 70 70 80 80 85 In 1899, 90s. was the predominant rate at Barry, and 80s. at Cardiff and Penarth. 160 STANDARD TIME RATES. FIREMEN AND PREDOMINANT RATES of WAGES paid per MONTH to FIREMEN and UNITED KINGDOM on FOREIGN-GOING STEAMSHIPS [The Firemen and Trimmers are provided (Compiled from Monthly Returns showing the number of engagements PORT. VOYAGE. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Firemen* ENGLAND AND WALES. East Coast. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Newcastle and J Shields. j North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . Mediterranean 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 85 85 85 85 85 90 90 90 90 90 Baltic Running Agreements Sunderland . . < North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . Mediterranean Running Agreements 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 85 85 85 85 90 90 90 90 Middlesbrough. . Baltic 80 80 80 85 90 Hull .. ..( North America, East Coast East Indies and China Mediterranean 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 90 90 85 Bristol Channel. Bristol North America, East Coast 75 75 80 85 85 Avonmouth North America, East Coast 85 85 90 90 95 Newport (Mon.) Mediterranean 75 75 80 80 90 Cardiff, Barry,] and Penarth. "\ North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . East Indies and China Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa Mediterranean . . Baltic Running Agreements 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 80 80 80 80 80 80 (I 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 i 80 80s. & 90s.f 80s. & 90s f 90 90 80s. & 90s.f 80 80s. & 90s.f Swansea . . . . < North America, East Coast Mediterranean .. Running Agreements 80 80 80 80s. & 90s. 80 80 90 85 85 85s. & 90s. 85 85 95 95 95 Other Ports. Liverpool ..-< North America, East Coast . . South America and West Indies West Coast of America East Indies and China West Coast of Africa Mediterranean Os.&lOOs. 80 80 80 70 80 90s. & 100s. 80 80 80 70 80 90s. & 100s. 80 80 80 70 80 Os.&lOOs. 80 80 80 70 80 30s. & 100s. 80 80 80 70 80 * Many Firemen also act as Trimmers. FIREMEN AND TRIMMERS. 161 TRIMMEBS-1895-99. TRIMMERS shipped on certain VOYAGES from the PRINCIPAL PORTS of the during each of the undermentioned Years. with Food in addition to Wages.] at each rate, furnished 7;// the- Superintendents of Mercantile Marine.} PORT. VOYAGE. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898. 1899. Firemen cont* ENGLAND AND WALES cont. Other Ports cont. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. London .. ..< North America, East Coast . . South America and West Indies Australia and New Zealand East Indies and China Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa Mediterranean Running Agreements 90 80 80 80 80s. & 90s. 80 80 90 80 80 80 80s. & 90s. 80 80 90 80 80 80 80s. & 90s. 80 80 90 80 80 80 80s. & 90s. 80 80 100 90 80s. & 90s. 90 90 85s. & 90s. 90 Southampton . . I South America and West Indies . . Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 SCOTLAND. Glasgow . . . . \ North America, East Coast Mediterranean Running Agreements 80 70 70 80 70 70 80 75 75 80 75 75 80 80 80 IRELAND. Dublin North America, East Coast .. 80 80 85 85 95 Belfast North America, East Coast . . 75 75 85 85 90 Trimmers. ENGLAND. Hull North America, East Coast . . .. 1 80 80 80 80 85 Liverpool . . < V London . . . . j North America, East Coast South America and West Indies . . West Coast of America West Coast of Africa Mediterranean . . . . 80s. & POx. 70s. & 80s. 70 60 65s. & 70s. 80 70 80 80s. & 90s. 70s. & 80s. 70 60 65s. & 70s. 80 70 80 80s. & 90s. 70s. & 80s. 70 60 65s. & 70s. 80 70 80 80s. & 90s. 70s. & 80s. 70 60 65s. & 70s. 80 70 80 80s. & 90s. 70s. & 80s. 70 60 65s. & 70s. 90 70s. & 80s. 80 North America, East Coast Australia and New Zealand Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa Southampton .. | South America and West Indies . . Cape, Natal & East Coast of Africa 75 80 75 80 75 80 75 80 75 80 SCOTLAND. Glasgow .. North America, East Coast . . 60 60 60 60 60 t In 1899, 90*. was the predominant rate at Barry, and 80s. at Cardiff and Penarth. 2826 163 C -OTHER STATISTICAL TABLES, I.-PERCENTAGE VARIATIONS OF WAGES OF COAL HEWERS, IRON WORKERS AND COTTON OPERATIVES :- COAL HEWERS (1871-1900). IRON WORKERS (1873-1900). COTTON OPERATIVES (1853-1900). II -AVERAGE WAGES AND EARNINGS OF AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS, CATTLEMEN AND SHEPHERDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM IN 1898:- AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS 168 CATTLEMEN AND SHEPHERDS 172 III -AVERAGE CASH WAGES OF ORDINARY AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS IN ENGLAND AND WALES IN EACH OF THE YEARS 1850-1899. 2826 L 2 164 STANDARD RATES. PERCENTAGE VARIATIONS IN STATEMENT showing for the principal COAL DISTRICTS of GREAT BRITAIN undermentioned STANDARDS, at the end of {Based on information furnished by repre- Year. Federated Districts of England and Wales. Northum- berland. West Yorkshire. South Yorkshire. South- West Lan- cashire. South Derby- shire. Notting- hamshire. North Stafford- shire. Cannock Chase. North Wales. End of 1871 1872 Percentage above (+) or below ( - ) Standard of 1871 + 8-25 +56-4 +10 +3?5 +10 +49-75 +30'95 + 6 +46 +10 +33 + 7-14 +14-29 + 5 +33-7 At Stand- ard. + 32 1873 +79-8 +57-5 +64-73 +80-95 +70 +46 +28-57 +47-07 +50 1874 1875 1876 1877 +57-4 +34-85 +18 + 10-33 +37-5 +27-5 +11-5 + 5 +26-02 +26-02 + 712 - 3-59 +66-66 +50 +27-62 +16-66 +55 +25 +25 +15 +21 + 8-5 - 1-5 -11-5 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. - 7-14 -21-42 +32-36 + 1-26 - 8-86 - 8-86 +26 + 16 At Stand- ard. -12-5 1878 1879 1880 1881 .1882 1883 + 5-86 At Stand- ard. - 3-59 + 4-76 + 5 -11-5 -28-57 - 8-86 -21-25 Percentage above (+) or below ( - ) Standard of 1879 At Stand- ard. -2-5 -2-5 +7'5 +?5 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard.' +10 +10 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. +10 +21 +21 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. +10 +10 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. +10 +10 +10 At Stand- ard. + 5 +15 +15 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. + 5-55 + 1111 + 5-55 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. + 7-5 +15 +15 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. + 5 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 +7'5 -2-5 -2-5 -2-5 +10 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. + 8-9 + 8-9 + 8-9 + 8'9 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. +10 +10 +10 +10 +15 + 5 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. + 5-55 + 5-55 + 5'55 + 5-55 +15 +15 + 15 +15 + 3*75 + 1-25 At Stand- at d. -12-5 Percentage above (+) or below ( - ) Standard of 1888 +10 +20 +10 +20 +10 +10 +20 +20 +10 +20 +10 +20 +10 +20 +10 +20 +20 1890 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +31-25 1891 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +30 1892 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +20 1893 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +20 1894 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +17-5 1895 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 + 7-5 1896 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 + 3-75 1897 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 +30 + 6'25 1828 +32-5 +32-5 +32-5 +32-5 +32-5 +32-5 +32-5 +32-5 +18-75 18J9 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +40 +25 1900 (July) +45 +45 +45 +45 +45 +45 +45 +45 +52i Standards of 1871, 1879, and 1888 In the case of the coalfields of England and Wales the Standard wage 71 and 1879 is therefore indicated by the percentage of wages above or below the Standard of 1871 at d? 'KS.J? fn i" II ; Nottingham and Somerset, where the Standards of 1879 and 1871 were the same ; and StSrri of Tfei a ,?! W Standard was adopted in 1888, wages when at Standard were the same as shown at the {standard of 1871, and Somerset, where the Standards of 1871 and 1888 were the same. h " aM EaSt Worcestershire sh ^oughout the percentages above or below a 344 nomtaa to t The percentages for the Forest of 'Dean nr> to 1887 a,r nrmn tVi^ 1R71 Rtn.nrlfl.rrt. COAL HEWERS. 165 WAGES OF COAL HEWERS. the PERCENTAGE of COAL HEWERS' WAGES above (+) or below ( ) the each of the Years 1871-99 and at July 1900. of Employers and Workpeople^) Durham. Cumber- land. South Staff or d- shiro and East Worcester- shire. Forest of Dean. Somerset. South Wales and Mon- mouth. East Scotland. West Scotland. Mid and East Lothian. Year. except where otherwise stated. See note * End of 1871 1872 At Stand- ard. +38 + 5'25 +54 +50 +50 + 5 +30 At Stand- ard. +40 At Stand- ard. +30 +22-22 + 88-88 At Stand- ard. + 55-5 +22-22 +88-88 +58'7 +54 +65 +40 +60 +40 +88-88 +122-2 +88-88 1873 +30 +34 +20 +25 +36'5 +20 +22-22 + 59-72 +22-22 1874 +23'5 + 7'97 - 013 - 013 +14 + 5 + 5 + 5 +20 + 5 -10 -10 +15 +10 At Stand- ard. - 5 +21-25 +10 + 5 + 5 + 7'5 At Stand- ard. At Stand- ard. - 5 At Stand- ard. -12-5 -27-5 -42-5 + 18-06 + 4-17 - 8-34 - 29-17 At Stand- ard. + 4-50 -10 -30 1875 1876 1877 1*78 1879 1880 1331 except where otherwise stated. See notes * t At Stand- ard. + 2-5 + 2-5 + 5 + 2-5 +10 - 2'5 -10 - 2-5 - 5 - 5 - 5 + 5 At Stand- ard. + 5 At Stand- ard. + 5 +10 +30 + 15 + 15 +18-75 + 6-25 + 6-25 +25 +10 +10 + 6-25 +15 +10 - 5 + ?5 +15 +25 +18-75 +20 1382 + 7'5 + 875 +10 - 5 + 5 +17-5 +25 +31-25 +30 18S3 + 6'25 + 5 At basis - 5 + 5 +17-5 + 5 + 6-25 + 5 1384 + 5 + 3'75 + 3'75 + 3'75 + 1'25 + 5 At basis At basis At basis At Stand- ard. -2'5 At Stand- ard. + 5 At Stand- ard. + 5 +10 + 5 + 2-5 - 5 -15 - 5 + 6*25 - 6-25 - 2 + 5 - 5 - 5 1885 1886 1887 1888 except where otherwise stated. See notes * + 3-75 +10 +10 +10 + 7-5 + Vo + 5 + 8-33 +10 +25 +30 +30 +20 +20 +25 +37-5 +50 +40 1889 +30 +40 +40 +30 +30 +52-5 +50 +50 +50 1890 +35 +40 +40 +32-5 +32-5 +53-75 +50 +50 +50 1891 +25 +40 +40 +32-5 +32*5 +22-5 +25 +25 +30 1892 +25 +40 +40 +32-5 +32-5 +20 +37-5 +50 +50 1893 +25 +30 +30 +22-5 +22-5 + 21-25 +25 +25 +30 1894 +15 +30 +30 +15 + 15 +12-5 +12-5 +12-5 +20 1895 + 15 +17-5 +30 + 30 +30 +30 + 15 + 15 +15 + 15 + 10 + 11-25 At Stand- ard. +12-5 + 12-5 +12-5 +10 +20 1896 1897 +25 +32-5 +32-5 +17-5 +20 +20 +42*5 +50 +50 1898 +33-75 : +40 +40 +35 +27 +30 +53*75 +56-25 +56-25 1899 +46-25 +55 +45 +40 +374 +53-75 +72-50 +75 +75 1900 (July) of 1879 was, with four exceptions, the same as the wage paid at the end of 1878. The relation between the the end of 1878 as shown in the table. The exceptions areDurham, where the Standard of 1879 was lO'Ol per cent. South Wales and Monmouth, where the Standard of 1879 was 15 per cent, below the Standard of 1871. For those end of 1887, with the exception of the Forest of Dean, where the Standard of 1888 was 5 per cent, below the i The percentages for Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland and South Wales and Monmouthshire, for the years 1888-1900, are upon the Standard of 1879. 166 STANDARD RATES. WAGES OF IRONWORKERS. STATEMENT showing the PERCENTAGE INCREASES on the STANDARD RATES for BLASTFURNACEMEN in CLEVELAND and CUMBERLAND, and the RATES per ton paid to PUDDLERS in the NORTH of ENGLAND, the MIDLANDS, and the WEST of SCOTLAND, at the end of each of the YEARS 1873-1899, and at JULY, 1900. The undermentioned tonnage rates are useful as indicating the variations in rates of wages in each district, and in one district as compared tvith another. They do not afford^ however, the necessary data for a comparison of the actual wages paid in each district. For the purposes of such a comparison differences in methods of work and of computing earnings have to be taken into consideration. (Based on information furnished by representatives of Employers and Workpeople.) Blastfurnacemen. Puddlers. v__ _ Cleveland. Cumberland. North of England. Midlands. West of Scotland. I ear. Percentage above Standard of Percentage above Standard of Rate per Ton for Puddling at end of each Year. 1879. 1889. Per cent. Per cent. s. d. .<. d. s. d. End of 1873 .. .. 13 3* 13 3 .. 1874 .. . . .. 10 9* 10 9* .. 1875 .. .'.. .. 9 0* 9 6* .. 1876 .. .. .. 8 3* 8 9* .. 1877 .. .. 8 3* 8 9* .. 1878 .. .. .. 7 6* 7 6* 1879 lO'OO .. 8 3* 8 6* .. 1880 .. 7'50 .. 8 0* 7 6* .. 1881 .. 2'50 .. 7 7 3 .. 1882 .. 13-75 7 9 8 .. 1883 .. ?50 . . 7 7 6 .. 1884 3-75 .. 6 6 7 3 .. 1885 .. rst . . 6 3 7 3 .. 1886 .. ff-25t .. 6 3 6 9 .. 1887 .. At Standard .. 6 3 6 9 .. 1888 .. 2'25f .. 6 9 7 3 .. 1889 .. 6'25 32-50 7 9 8 6 .. 1890 18-25 16-25 8 8 6 .. 1891 7'00 5-00 7 5 8 ,. 1892 .. 6'25 3-75 7 3 7 9 .. 1893 0-25 At Standard 6 9 7 6 7 3 1894 T25 rut 7 7 3 7 6 1895 .. 5-00 1-25 6 9 7 3 7 3 1896 .. 4-00 1-25 7 7 3 7 6 1897 7'25 2-50 7 7 6 7 9 1898 .. 8'OG 15-50 7 3 7 9 8 1899 .. 28-75 42-75 8 6 9 9 6 July, 1900 45-50 51-75 9 9 10 9 11 * These rates are for a ton of 2,400 Ibs., while in later years the rates are for a ton of 2.240 Ibs. For purposes of comparison Gd. per ton should be deducted from the rates for the years 1873-80. ' t Below Standard. COTTON OPERATIVES. 167 WAGES OF COTTON OPERATIVES. STATEMENT showing the PERCENTAGE of the WAGES of COTTON SPINNERS and WEAVERS in LANCASHIRE above ( + ) or below ( ) LIST PRICES at the end of each of the years 1853-1899, and at July, 1900. (Based on information furnished by representatives of Employers . ... ... ... 9 Queen's County 10 Roscommon ... ... ... ... 8 5 Sligo 8 5 Tipperary 10 Tyrone 9 Waterford 10 Westmeath 8 7 Wexford 9 Wicklow 10 4 11 8 9 7 8 1 ] 5 7 11 1 1 6 6 9 8 7 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 9 6 4 4 4 10 6 8 7 9 s. d. 12 4 10 11 10 8 9 9 8 9 9 8 9 1 12 5 12 7 9 11 9 8 9 8 10 6 9 6 10 9 10 10 9 10 8 9 9 9 10 6 8 9 8 9 10 4 9 10 10 6 9 3 9 7 10 9 172 STANDARD RATES. AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS- AVERAGE weekly CASH WAGES and value of AVERAGE weekly EXTRA EARNINGS and ALLOWANCES of CATTLEMEN and SHEPHERDS in each County of ENGLAND in 1898. [Compiled from the Report on Wages and Earnings of Agricul- tural Labourers in the United Kingdom (Cd. 346, 1900).] County. UatlilcIUcu. Kmo^mci uo. Average Cash Wages per week. Average extra Earnings and Allowances, per week. Average Total Weekly Earnings. Average Cash Wages per week. Average extra Earnings and Allowances, per week. Average Total Weekly Earnings. ENGLAND. s. d. s. d. s. d. a. d. s. d. s, d. Northern Counties: Cumberland* Durhamf Northumberland! Westmorland* Yorkshire : East Eiding.. 17 5 1 7 19 17 6 1 8 19 2 North Eiding 17 1 10 18 10 17 3 1 10 19 1 West Eiding 17 7 1 8 19 3 + Lancashire (So nth)* .. 19 3 6 19 9 Cheshire 17 1 10 17 11 16 3 1 17 3 North and West Mid- land Counties : Derbyshire .. Gloucestershire .. 18 2 14 I I 2 2 19 4 16 1 14 1 2 8 16 + 9 Herefordshire 13 11 2 10 16 9 14 4 3 17 4 Leicestershire and 16 4 2 3 18 7 16 9 2 4 19 1 Eutland. . Lincolnshire 17 2 7 19 7 17 5 2 7 20 Nottinghamshire . . 17 5 2 10 20 3 17 11 2 10 20 9 Shropshire 15 2 3 2 J8 4 15 8 3 1 18 9 Staffordshire 16 6 2 4 18 10 18 8 2 6 19 2 Warwickshire 16 1 2 4 18 5 16 9 2 4 19 1 Worcestershire 14 10 2 8 17-6 15 2 4 17 4 South Midland and Eastern Counties: Bedfordshire 15 6 1 11 17 5 15 2 1 11 17 1 Buckinghamshire. . 15 1 4 16 4 14 9 1 6 16 3 Cambridgeshire . . 15 4 2 4 17 8 14 6 2 11 17 5 Essex 15 1 2 6 17 7 15 4 3 10 19 2 Hertfordshire 16 1 11 17 11 14 10 3 6 18 4 Huntingdonshire .. 14 7 2 8 17 3 14 7 2 8 17 3 Middlesex 20 2 9 20 11 Norfolk 13 8 2 8 16 4 13 10 4 17 10 Northamptonshire . Oxfordshire.. 14 10 14 1 2 6 2 4 17 4 16 5 15 9 13 11 3 1 2 9 18 10 16 8 Suffolk 13 4 2 6 1510 13 7 4 5 18 South Eastern Counties : Berkshire 1411 3 5 18 4 13 6 3 6 17 Hampshire .. .. 14 2 3 3 17 5 13 8 3 6 17 2 Kent 17 3 2 8 19 11 17 5 2 4 19 9 Surrey 18 8 2 4 21 17 1 2 6 19 7 Sussex 16 6 2 6 19 16 4 2 6 18 10 South Western Counties : Cornwall . . .. 13 10 3 1 16 11 14 1 3 8 17 9 Devon 14 1 3 2 17 3 14 4 2 10 17 2 Dorset 12 10 3 5 16 3 13 3 2 16 2 Somerset 13 7 i 26 16 1 i 14 2 10 16 10 Wilts 13 2 26 15 8 12 11 3 8 16 7 Monmouth 16 1 22 18 3 . 16 4 2 8 19 * In Cumberland, Westmorland, and North Lancashire, the majority of the farm servants are hired men at yearly or half-yearly rates of wages. t In Northumberland and Durham cattlemen usually get about the same as hinds (see previous table on p. 168). Shepherds in North Northumberland are frequently paid entirely or almost entirely in kind. The payments represent generally speaking between 55 and 65 per year. In Durham they get about 2()s. a week in cash and free house and garden, and coals led free. Sometimes they get less cash and the keep of one or perhaps two cows or perhaps a few sheep. t Many of the farms are small, and shepherds, as a class, are frequently not to be found. On a large number of farms the rates of w r ages are lower than those quoted, viz., from about 11-s. to 14.?., but in such cases the value of allowances such as pork, potatoes, firewood, &c. brings the earnings up to the same level as shown above. AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS (CATTLEMEN AND SHEPHERDS). 173 CATTLEMEN AND SHEPHERDS, 1898. AVERAGE weekly CASH WAGES and value of AVERAGE weekly EXTRA EARNINGS and ALLOWANCES of CATTLEMEN and SHEPHERDS in SCOTLAND in 1898. {Complied from the Report on Wages and Earnings of Agricultural Labourers in the United Kingdom (Cd. 316, 1900).] County. Cattlemen. Shepherds. Average Cash Wages per week. Average extra Earnings and Allowances per week.f Average Total Weekly Earnings. Average Cash Wages pei- week. Average extra Earnings and Allowances per week.f Average Total Weekly Earnings. SCOTLAND. s. d. *. rf. s. d. *. t 12 Hi 13 Si 11 7i 12 11 1874 *j 14 3| 14 13 5i 1875 (< 14 4 13 7 11 10i 13 5 1876 t 14 3i 13 9 12 1 13 6 1877 14 4 13 8 12 2i 13 6i 1878 14 2i 13 9 12 2i 13 6 1879 | 13 10 12 Hi 12 Oi 13 1 1880 j 13 9i 12 9 12 Oi 13 1 1881 | 13 8 12 7i 12 1 13 Oi 1882 | 13 6i 12 9 12 2 13 1 1883 ( 13 7i 12 7 12 2i 13 1 1884 ( 13 7| 12 5i 12 2 13 Oi 1885 13 6 11 10 12 li 12 10* 1886 13 6 11 8 11 10 12 8| 1887 13 3 11 3 11 10 12 6i 1888 13 2 11 11 11 12 7 1889 13 2 11 4 12 Oi 12 8 1890 | 13 6i 11 4i 12 3 12 11 1891 13 9i 12 2 12 4 13 2 1892 | 13 11 12 12 5i 13 3i 1893 , 13 11 11 5i 12 5 13 2 1894 13 10 10 ll| 12 5 13 1 1895 | 13 9i 11 12 4 13 1896 13 9| 11 Oi 12 4i 13 Oi 1897 13 11 11 5 12 5 13 2 1898 [ 13 Hi 12 4 12 8i 13 5i 1899 14 2ft 12 7 12 ll| 13 8i * The Cash Wages are exclusive of extra payments for piecework, hay and corn harvests, overtime, &c., and also of the value of allowances in kind. f Including three farms in the Northern Counties and two in Wales, in addition to those included in the preceding three columns, 175 APPENDICES. I.-LIST OF WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, &c. II -PRINCIPAL BOARD OF TRADE PUBLICATIONS ON LABOUR QUESTIONS. 176 APPENDIX I. WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. The following is a LIST of WORKING RULES and other DOCUMENTS, exclusive of Piece Price Lists, regulating WAGES, HOURS OF LABOUR, and other working conditions in existence in 1900, so far as known to the Department. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES. B.B. UNITED Plumbers* Nat. Assoc. of Mas- United Operative Apr. 29, '97. KINGDOM. ter Plumbers. Plumbers' Assoc. ENGLAND AND WALES. 405 England Plasterers Nat. Assoc. of Mas- Nat. Assoc. of May 30, '99. ter Builders. Operative Plas- terers. 42 Abergavenny Carpenters and Master Builders' Employees' Repre- May 1, '96. joiners. Representatives. sentatives. 236) (Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Operative Stone- July 5, '90. Assoc. masons Sic. 43 j Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- May 1, '96. ioiners. sentatives. sentatives. 478) ( Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- May 1, '99. [ Adlington < sentatives. masons' Soc. 366) District. ( Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and June, '00. Joiners. 348) Alderley i Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- June 1, '99. [ Edge and < sentatives. masons Soc. 395 j Wilmslow. ( Carpenters and Employers' Assoc. Carpenters' and May 2, '92. joiners. Joiners' Soc. 405 Alnwick Painters and de- Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of Apr. 30, '99. corators. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 400 > Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Operative Stone- May 1, '99. Representatives. Masons' Soc. 344 Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. and May 1, '99. y joiners. Representatives. Gen. Union of Carpenters and Joiners. 442J Painters .. Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of 1897. sentatives. House and Ship (amended Painters. Apr. 9, '00.) 193 Ammanford . . Stonemasons Master Builders . . Operative Stone- Mar. 1, '98. masons' Soc. 422 Annfleld Plain Stonemasons . . Building Trades' Operative Stone- March, '00. and Consett. Assoc. masons' Soc. 479 Ashton-in- Bricklayers Employers' Repre- Operative Brick- 1899. Makerfleld. sentatives. layers' Soc. 304^ T Bricklayers .. Master Builders' Operative Brick- May '97. Ashton- Assoc. layers' Soc. 303 under-Lyne, 1 Stonemasons .. Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 1, '99. 1 I Stalybridge, J Assoc. masons' Soc. 44 r Dukinfield. i Carpenters and Master Builders' Gen. Union of May 2, '99. Hyde, and joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Denton. Joiners. 338; i Painters Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of Mar. 30, '99. Asrsoe. House and Ship Atherton See under Leigh. Painters. 192 Bake-well . . Stonemasons . . One Employer Operative Stone- Nov. 17, '97. masons' Soc. 247 1 Bangor Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Gen. Union of Carpenters and Joiners. June 6, '98. 410 j ( Plasterers Six Employers .. Nat. Assoc. of May 1, '00. Operative Plas- terers. * Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. BUILDING TRADES. 177 Office NO. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES cont. 346^ ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Mar. 13, '00. / \ Assoc. masons' Soc. 414 [ Bavnslev < Slaters and tilers Employers' Repre- Amal. Slaters and Mar. 10, '00. \ ) sentatives. Tilers. ui ; V Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of Aug. 1, '97. Assoc. Plasterers. 374 Barnstaple Bricklayers Carpenters and f Employers' Ee- ( l presentatives. j Operative Brick- layers' Soc. Carpenters' and | May 8, '99. joiners. Joiners' Soc. 201} (\ Bricklayers Nine Master Brick- Operative Brick- Apr. 2, '98. 1 layers. layers' Soc. 300 ! Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- 1898. > Barro\v sentatives. masons' Soc. 333 Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- Apr. 1, '97. joiners. sentatives. sentatives. 367, I Painters and Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of May 5, '99. decorators. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 7j i Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- Apr. 3, '97. / \ Assoc. layers' Soc. 220 > Barry . . Stonemason* . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Ndv. 11, '98. I / Assoc. masons' Soc. 133; ( Labourers Master Builders' Navvies, Brick- May 8, '97. Assoc. layers' Labour- ers, and General Labourers' Union. 2fi I Stonemasons Master Builders' Operative Stone- June, '93. Bath .. Assoc. masons' Soc. 45 j Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Car- June 30, '00. joiners. Assoc. penters and Joiners. 205 Bedford Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. Car- May 3, '97. joiners. Assoc. penters and Joiners. 116 Bexley Heath Plasterers Employers' Repre- sentatives. Nat. Assoc. of Plasterers. Sept. 16, 97. 358 Bidef ord Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Car- July 1, '99. joiners. sentatives. penters and Joiners. 312^ ( Bricklf yers Building Trades Operative Brick- May], '98. Employers' layers' Soc. Assoc. 232 Carpenters and Building Trades Amal. Soc. of Car- May 1, '98. joiners. Employers' penters and > Birkenhead*< Assoc. Joiners. 771 Plumbers Master Builders' United Operative 1894. Assoc. Plumbers' Assoc. 272 Painters .. Master Builders' Operative House May 1, '98. 1 Assoc. Painters' Soc. 312J I Bricklayers' Building Trades Bricklayers' La- Jan. 1, '9.1 BOH labourers. Bricklayers Employers' Assoc. Master Builders bourers' Soc. Operative Brick- April 1, 9, Representatives. layers' Soc. 301 Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- April 1, '00. Assoc. masons' Soc. 301 Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Car- April 1, '98. joiners. Assoc. penters and Joiners. 301 i Plumbers Master Builders' United Operative April 1, '98. v Birmingham < Assoc. and Mas- ter Plumbers' Plumbers' Assoc. Assoc. 301 Plasterers Master Builders' Nat. Assoc. of April 1, '00. Assoc. Plasterers. 301 Painters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Feb. 14, 00. decorators. sentatives. House Decora- tors and Paint- ers. 301, V Labourers Master Builders' Employees' Repre- April 1, '98. Assoc. sentatives. 336 Bishop Auck- Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Car- April 5, '99. land. joiners. Assoc. penters and Joiners. * See aha under Liverpool. 2826 178 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation, Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TEADES cont. 379 -, (\ Bricklayers Employers' Repre- United Operative May 1, '99. 1 sentatives. Bricklayers Soc. 187 Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 1, '97. Assoc. masons' Soc. 47 / Blackburn < Carpenters and Master Builders' Joint Committee March 25, '95. 1 joiners. Assoc. of Carpenters and Joiners. 309 Plasterers Employers' Repre- Nat. Assoc. of Sept. 18, '99. ' J sentatives. Plasterers. 413 Blackheath (Staffs.). Bricklayers Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Brick- layers' Soc. Sept. 1, '99. 143) ( Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Operative Stone- Nov. 20, '99. 261 1 Blackpool . . < Plasterers Assoc. Several Employers masons' Soc. Nat. Assoc. of Mar. 12, '98. ) ( Plasterers. 378 Blyth .. Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 1, '99. Assoc. masons' Soc. 145^\ f Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May 1, '97. Assoc. layers' Soc, 283 Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- July 31, '90. Assoc. . masons' Soc. 283 Carpenters and Master Builders' Gen. Union of June 1, '98. joiners. Assoc. (Joiners' Carpenters and Branch). Joiners. 115 Slaters Master Builders' Amal. Slaters and Nov. 1, 'i7. > Bolton ..< Assoc. Tilers' Soc. 283 . Plumbers Master Builders' United Operative Nov. 1, '95. Assoo. (Plum- Plumbers' Assoc. bers' Branch). 265 Plasterers Master Builders' Nat. Assoc. of Aug. 9, '98. Assoc. Plasterers. 92 Painters and de- Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of July 1, '96. corators. Assoc. House and Ship ) . Painters. 4261 Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 1, '00. Assocs. masons' Soc. 234 Carpenters and joiners. Master Builders' Assocs. ^*nal. Soc. of Carpenters and Apr. 30, '00. Joiners. 73 Slaters Master Slaters' Re- Amal. Slaters' and July I, 1 iff, presentatives. Tilers' Soc. 427 V Bradford and Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative Mar. 26, '00. f Shipley. < Assoc. Plumbers' Assoc. 431 Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of Jan. 7, '00. Assoc. Plasterers 340 Painters Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, 'M. Assoc. House and Ship Painters. 431 Plasterers' Master Plasterers' Plasterers' Labour- May, '00. J I labourers. Assoc. ers' Union. 452 Bridgnorth .. Painters .. Employers Operative Painters Apr. 2, '00. ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- July, '93. 170 Bridlington < Assoc. Carpenters and Employers' Repre- masons' Soc. Amal. Soc. of Car- April 1, '97. ( Joiners. sentatives. penters and 1 Joiners. Brierley Hill See under Stourbridge. 21 } V Brighouse j Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Assoc. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. April 28, '97. 236 ( and district | Labourers Employers' Repre- Brighouse Build- May, '98. ) I sentatives. ers' Labourers' Union. 476 Brighton Stonemasons . . Five Employers . . Operative Stone- May 1, '99. masons' Soc, BUILDING TRADES. 179 Office No. Town'or District. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employer*. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES cont. r Stonemasons .. Carpenters and joiners. 276 Bristol < Plumbers ^Master Builders Employees' Repre- Sept. 1, '98. Plasterers [ Assoc. sentatives. Painters .. ( Labourers v . . 308^ ( Carpenters and joiners. Master Carpenters & Joiners' Assoc United Trade Com mittee. Sept. 12 '94. 285 > Barnlev ..< Plumbers Master Plumbers United Operative Aug. , '95. \ Assoc. Plumbers' Assoc. 369; ( Painters .. ' .. Master Builders Operatives' Soe. . . Nov. 20, '94, Assoc. amended ISO") / 1 Stonemasons . Master Masons' Operative Stone- May 1, '99. July 1, '97. Representatives. masons' Soc. 180 1 Carpenters and ! Employer's Repre- Amal. Soc. oj May], '99. joiners. sentatives. Carpenters and > Burton-on- < Joiners. 229| Trent. Painters .. Master Builders' Nat. Amal. Soc. of May 1, '98 Assoc. House and Ship . Painters. 377,' I Builders' Labour- Employers' Repre- Builders' Labour- April 1, '99. ers. sentatives. ers Union. 29) Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- July 20, '98. [ Bury .. Assoc. masons' Soc. 139) Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative July 1, '97. Assoc. Plumbers' Assoc. 238) f Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 14, '00. / Buxton ..< Assoc. masons' Soc. 177.; I Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of May 8, '99. joiners, sentatives. Carpenters and Joiners. 153^1 ( Bricklayers Twelve Employers Employees' Repre- sentatives. July 1, '97. 153 1 > Cambridge < Stonemasons .. Twelve Employers Employees' Repre- sentatives. July 1, '97. 153 1 Carpenters and Twelve Employers Employees' Repre- July 1, '97. joiners. sentatives. 153 J I Labourers Employers' Repre- Gen. Labourers' June 26, '97. sentatives. Union. 464) c Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May, '00. Assoc. layers' Soc. 197 * Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Aug. 1, '90. > Cardiff . . < Assoc. masons' Soc. 428 j Carpenters and Master Builders' Carpenters' and June 4, '92. joiners. Assoc. Joiners' Soc. 147J I Labourers Master Builders' Nat. Amal. La- May 1, '90. Assoc. bourers' Union. 332) f Stonemasons . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Mar. 1, '99. Assoc. masons' Soc. 316 \ Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of April 28, '98. V. Carlisle ..< joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 148 Slaters Three Employers Committee of Em- Nov. & Dec., ployees. '96. 4c*J I. Bricklayers and >t Operative Brick- Feb. 1, '99. Stonemasons* layers' Soc. and Operative Stone- masons' Soc. 334 Carnarvon . . Painters Master Painters of Journeymen Mar. 24, '99. Carnarvon. Painters of Car- narvon. 225 Caterham Bricklayers Carpenters and j I Representative Master Build- Employees' Repre- sentatives. May 2, 18. ioiners. i ers. 306 Chatham .. Bricklayers Fourteen Employ- Operative Brick- May 2, '98. ers. layers' Soc. * Agreement between two Trade Unions providing for the demarcation of work. 2826 M 2 180 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District, Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Occupation, j Employers. i Workpeople. BUILDING TEADES cont. 475 ( Bricklayers .. f Master Builders' Operative Brick- Mar. 29, '99. Assoc. layers' Soc. 407 Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- May 1, '00. ml sentatives. masons' Soc. Cheltenham < Carpenters and j joiners. Amal. Soc. of Car- penters and May '99. Joiners. 447 Plasterers Master Builders' Nat. Assoc. of May 1, '00. Assoc. Plasterers. 166 Labourers Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Gas May 1, '97. sentative. Workers, Brick Makers, and Gen. Labourers. 235 Chester Stonemasons . . Several Employers Operative Stone- May 5, '98. masons' Soc. 156 Chesterfield.. Plumbers Three Employers- United Operative Aug. '97. Plumbers' ARSOC. 300 Chorley Stonemasons Master Builders' Operative Stone- Mar. 1, '9H. Assoc. masons' Soc. 216. Clevedon Stonemasons . . Eight Employers Operative Stone- May 1, '98. masons' Soc. 400 Colchester . . Stonemasons . . Employers .. Operative Stone- July, 1899. masons' Soc. 397^ ( Bricklavers and Employers' Repre- Operative Brick- Nov. 1, '99. 1 Colwyn and Wallers. sentatives. layers' Soc. 427 > neighbour- <( Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- Oct. 1, '98. hood. sentatives. masons' Soc. 239; I Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Car- April, '98. joiners. sentatives. penters and Joiners. Consett See under Annfleld Plain. 420 1 ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- April 30, '92. 185 Stonemasons . . Representatives. Four Employers . . layers Soc. Operative Stone- April 1, '97. masons' Soc. 48 Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Car- April 1, '97. joiners, Representatives. penters and I Coventry Joiners. 107 > land district Labo n arers Delegates of Master Builders and April 1, '97. Operative Labourers' Union. 1 Plumbers } 1 Painters .. Employers' [ Representati ves. Employees' Repre- sentatives. April 1,'98. iJ . Glaziers .. J Cradley (Wore.) fire under Stourbridge. 93) ( Painters and Employers' Asso- Amal. Soc. of House May 1, '9fi. Crewe.. s decorators. ciation. Decorators and Painters. 262) I Plasterers' la- Employers' Repre- Nat. Assoc. of Plas- July 11, '98. bourers. sentatives. terers' Labourers. 49 Croydon Carpenters and Croydon and Dis- Management Com- Dec. '92. joiners. trict Masters' mittee of Car- Federation. penters and Joiners. 186 Dalton-in- Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- Mar. 1, '97. Furness. sentatives. masons Soc. 339 Darlington .. Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- Assoc. and Non- layers' Soc. Associated Build- ers' Represen- tatives. 402) i Stonemasons . . Master Masons and Operative Stone- May 22, '0:. Darwen . . < Master Builders' Assoc. masons' Soc. 381 ) 1 Painters and Employers' Repre- Nat Amal. Soc. of 1899. decorators. sentatives. House and Ship Painters 1 . BUILDING TRADES. 181 OMi.-o No. Town or District. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES cant. Denton See tinder Ashton-under-Lyne and Hyde. Devonport-*Skf under Plymouth. 48(1 / ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- 1898. Dewsbury Assoc. masons' Soc. ">> ) ( Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and May 1, '99. Joiners. li'Si Doncaster .. Stonemasons . . Master Builder^' Operative Stone- Apr. 2, '00. Assoc. masons' Soc. .ll Dover .. Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of April 3, '97. joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 142) Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Sept. 15, '97. J joiners sentatives. Carpenters and Joiners. Painters .. Master Painters' Employers' Repre- April 1, '98. Assoc. sentatives. Dukinfleld &'e under Ashton-under-Lyne. 196 ) ! Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- April 1, '98. ( sentatives. masons' Soc. ''- * Carpenters and Employers' Repre- joiners. sentative*. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and April 1, '94. Joiners. ;";? Earlestown . . ; Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- July 20, '97. joiners. sentatives. sentatives. 94 Eecles and Painters and Several Employers Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '99. Patricroft. decorators. House and Ship Painters. 206 Erith .. .. Carpenters and Fifteen firms Amal. Soc. of June 1, '97. joiners. Carpenters and Joiners. Eton District See wider Windsor. ( Bricklayers \ Stonemasons . . Carpenters and joiners. [joint Committee of Employers and Employed. Oct. 4, '97. 2 . Exeter ..< Plasterers Hodmen and navvies. Plumbers.. Thirteen Employers United Operative Mar. 17, '00. Plumbers' Assoc. I Painters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc.of House April 3, '99. decorators. Assoc. and four- Decorators and teen Employers. Painters. Felix-towc Sn ii./nlrr Ipswich and Walton. 300 s Stonemasons . . Three Employers Operative Stone- May 1, '98. masons' Soc. j Fleet wood ..-, Carpenters and joiners. Six Employers .. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and April 1, '97. j Joiners. 78 1 \ Plumbers Five Employers ... United Operative March, '97. Plumbers' Assoc. 140 Frodsham .. Carpenters and Three Employers Amal. Soc. of May 24, '97. joiners. Carpenters and Joiners. Gateshead See under Newcastle. 30 Glossop and Stonemasons Six Employers . . Operative Stone- May 1, '99. Hadfleld. masons' Soc. 445 1 1 Plumbers Employers' Repre- United Operative April 30, '00. Gloucester . . j sentatives. Plumbers' Assoc. 95) Painters .. Master Painters' Amal. Soc. of May 3, '93. Assoc. House Decora- tors and Paint- ers. 182 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TEADES cont. 06 Gorton Painters .. Employers' Repre- Nal. Amal. Soc. of May 1, '93. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 10 Gravesend Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May 3, '93. and North- Assoc. layers' Soc. fleet. 155 Grays . . Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- | Aug. 10, '97. joiners. sentatives. sentatives. Stonemasons . . Master Masons Operative Stone- May 1, '00. 97 Assoc. masons Soc. Painters .. Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 17, '93. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. Hadfleld See under Glossop. 5 Halifax Stonemasons Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- 1898. sentatives. masons' Soc. 31 Harrogate . . Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Operative Stone- May 1, '99. Assoc. and Mas- masons' Soc. ter Builders' Assoc. 368 1 Hartlepools* \ Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Assoc. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. June 5, '99. 448 ] ( Painters .. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '00. Assoc. House and Ship Painters. 320 Hebden Carpenters and Three Employers Amal. Soc. of Car- July 3, '98. Bridge. joiners. penters and Joiners. 441 } ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- Nov. 5, '98. > Hereford . . < Assoc. layers' Soc. 437 j I Labourers K United Builders' April 2, '00. Labourers' Union. 132 Hexhari Stonemasons . . Seven Employers Operative Stone- July 19, '97 masons' Soc. 295^1 f Carpenters and Five Employers . . Amal. Soc. of Car- May 1, '96. 1 joiners. penters and 295 f Heywoodf < Plumbers Employers' Repre- sentatives. Joiners. United Operative Plumbers' Assoc. Mar. 31, '96. 118 J I Painters .. Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of May 1, '97. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 349 Hinckley Painters and Seven Employers Nat. Amal. Soc. 'of April 3, '99. decorators. House and Ship Painters. 296 Hoylake and West Kirkby Plumbers Employers' Repre- sentatives. United Operative Plumbers' Assoc. Oct. 1, '98. 182^1 ( Stonemasons .. Master Masons' Operative Stone- Aug. 6, '97, Assoc. masons' Soc. ! amended 386 Carpenters and Master Joiners' Amal. Soc. of May 1, '99. Aug. 9, '99. > Huddersfield < joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 416 Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of 1899. 1 Assoo. Plasterers. 176J I Painters .. Master Painters' Huddersfield Ope- April, '98 Assoc. rative House Painters. ' Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Oct. 19, '99. Assoc. masons' Soc. Carpenters and Amal. Soc. of June 11, '91. 355 Hull .. ..< Joiners. Carpenters and joiners. c Hull Builders' ^ 1 Labourers' Soc. . Builders' labour- ers. Master Builders') Assoc i Operative Brick- layers' Soc. >May 15, '97. Nat. Assoc. of 1 Plasterers. I Hull Local Brick- layers' Soc. * See also under Tees and Hartlepools. f See also under Rochdale. BUILDING TRADES. 183 Ofltoe No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRAD RScont. 98 Hyde and Painters .. E mployers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of May 1, '00. Denton.* sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 385 ^ { Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. June 1, '99. 208 [ 1 Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of 1896. Ipswich ..< joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and I Joiners. 83 1 Plasterers Employers' Repre- Nat. Assoc. of Aug. 16, '97. J I sentatives. Plasterers. 426 Ipswich, Painters and Master Builders' Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 9, '00. Felixstowe, decorators Assoc. House Decorators and Walton. and Painters. 300 Jarrow Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- July 2, '98. sentatives. masons' Soc. 433 Keighley Painters .. Master .Painters' Amal. Soc. of House April, '00. Assoc. Decorators' and Painters. 390 Kettering . . Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- May 1, '00. sentatives. masons' Soc. 305 Kidderminster Bricklayers Joint Committee of Employers and May 6, '98. Operatives. 341 f Bricklayers Master Builders Operative Brick- 1898. Assoc. layers' Soc. . 248 King's Lynn < Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and May 1, '99. 1 Joiners. 2150 Plasterers n Nat. Assoc. of 1898. j Plasterers. 32 ^ f Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Aug. 12, '98. Assoc. masons' Soc. 252 Carpenters and Gen. Union of June 25, '98. ^. Lancaster ..< joiners. Carpenters and 1 Joiners. 150 Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of June 1, "97. j ^ Assoc. Plasterers. 392, Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- April 1, '98. Assoc. layers' Soc. 392 Stonemasons . . Operative Stone- May 18; '99. masons' Soc. 240 I Leamineton /' Carpenters and Amal. Soc. of Janel,'98. District. joiners. Carpenters and Joiners. 240 Plumbers J5 United Operative April, '99. Plumbers' Assoc. 392, ^ Plasterers Nat. Assoc. of July 1, '99. Operative Plas- terers. 120j f Bricklayers Master Builders' Assoc. Operative and , United Opera- Sept. 19, '96 tive Bricklayers' \ Leeds.. ..< Societies. 382! 1 Stonemasons M Operative Stone- May 1, '98. | masons' Soc. 120 J Labourers Labourers' Union. Sept.] 9 '96. 109 Leek .. Labourers Master Builders' Assoc. .Navvies, Brick- layers' Labourers May 5, '94. I and General La- bourers' Union. Lees Sec under Oldhatn. C\ Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- June 22, '98. Assoc. layers' Soc. Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Operative Stone- May 1, '97. Assoc. masons' Soc. Carpenters and Master Builders' Societies of Car- April 19, '98. 11 Leicester joiners. Assoc. penters and Joiners. Slaters .. Employers' Repre- Amal. Slaters and Feb. 7, '98. sentatives. Tilers' Soc. Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative Nov. 1, '98. Assoc. Plumbers' Assoc. * Sec also under Ashton-under-Lyne. 184 WORKING RULES, -MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Employers. Workpeople. Agreement. BUILDING TEADES cont. Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of April 1, '98. 11 Assoc. Plasterers. Painters and de- Master Painters' Amal. Soc. of House Mar. 23, '96. corators. Assoc. Decorators and Painters. Leicester ) Bricklayers' la- Master Builders' Three Labourers' April 4, '95. cont. bourers. Assoc. Societies. Masons' labour- Master Masons' Masons', Labour- April 27, '97. ers. Assoc. ers', Navvies, and General Labour- ers' Soc. Bricklayers and (i Operative Brick- April 30, '99. Plasterers* layers' Soc. and Operative Plas- terers' Soc. 219 "J 22?) Leigh, Ather- ( ton and < Tyldesley. ( Carpenters and joiners. Plasterers Master Builders' Assoc. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and Joiners. Operative Plaster- May 1, '98. Sept. 11, '99. ers of the Leigh / District, 4(xn f Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- June 9, '99. Assoc. and four masons' Soc. 1 Employers. 230 > Lincoln ..< Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of April 30, '98 1 joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and | Joiners. 250J V Painters and de- Six Employers . . Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '98. corators. House and Ship Painters. 203 Littleboro' and Carpenters and Seven Employers Amal. Soc. of May 1, '97. vicinity.f joiners. Carpenters and Joiners. isn Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative and May 1, '9(3. Assoc. United Opera- tive Bricklayers' Societies. 33 Stonemasons . . M Operative Stone- June 1,'97. masons' Soc. 131 Liverpool, Wallasey, , and Birk- ^ Carpenters and joiners. " Amal. Gen. Union and Assoc. Soc. of Carpenters and Joiners. May 2, '99. 131 onri6ctcl. Slaters > Slaters' Soc. May 1, '96. 131 PI ambers m United Operative May 1, '96. Plumbers' Assoc. 117 Plasterers Nat. Assoc of Jan. 20, '98. Plasterers. 131 J Painters .. n Amal. Soc. of House May 1, '90. Decorators and Painters. 466^ i Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- June 25, '00. sentatives. masons' Soc. 169 > Llandudno < Plasterers Six Employers . . Nat. Assoc. of Plas- Mar. 1, '97. 1 terers. 440j I Painters .. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of Feb. 28, '00. Assoc. House and Ship Painters. 12 ' Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May 2, '96. Assoc. layers' Soc. 34 Stonemasons . . $> Operative Stone- Oct. 3, '96. masons' Soc. 56 London ..< Carpenters and joiners j n Three Carpenters and Joiners' So- April 19, '00. cieties. Plumbers.. } , United Operative Nov. 1, '97. Plumbers' Assoc. Plasterers* .. _ Nat. Assoc. of Mar. 16, '00. 1 Plasterers. * Agreement between two Trade Unions providing for the demarcation of work. t See also under Kochdale. + This agreement also constituted a Conciliation Board. BUILDING TRADES. 185 Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TEADES cont. 99" ( Painters .. Amal. Soc. of Nov. '92. House Decora- tors and Painters. 110 Labourers ^ Labourers' Socie- June 1, '97. ties. 214 , London < Stone carvers . . Employers' Repre- Stone Carvers' Oct. 2, '97. cont. sentatives. Trade Assoc. 214 Mill sawyers Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Mill June 17, '96. and wood- Assoc. Sawyers and cutting ma- Wood-Cutting chinists. Machinists. 214; General smiths Master Builders' Soc. of Gen. Smiths, Aug. 1, '96. and fitters. Assoc. Fitters, &c. ( Stonemasons . . Builders' Assoc. . . Operative Stone- Feb. 1, '00 345 Long Eaton \ masons' Soc. I Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Car- May 1, '99. joiners. Assoc. penters and Joiners. 392 Longridge .. Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- 1898. sentatives. masons' Soc. 353 Lough boro' .. Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Operative Stone- May 1, '99 Representatives. masons' Soc. 152^ f Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- June 7, '99. Assoc. layers' Soc. 383 Carpenters and Master Builders' General Union and June 7, '99. joiners. Assoc. Amal. Soc. of Lowestoft < Carpenters and Joiners. 281 1 Plasterers Employers' Repre- Nat. Assoc. of Oct. 21, '97. sentatives. Plasterers. 165, I Labourers Master Builders' Navvies', Brick- June 7, '99. Assoc. layers' Labour- ers, and Gen. Labourers' Union. 347 Ludlow Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- May 1, '99. joiners. sentatives. sentatives. Lynn and Dist. See under King's Lynn. 477 Lytham Stonemasons Three Employers Operative Stone- In force in masons' Soc. 1899. ( Bricklayers } 350 Maidstone < Carpenters and joiners. iBuilding Trades f Assoc. Employees' Repre- sentatives. May, '91. { Painters.. J 100 Malton ;and Painters .. Employers' Repre- Amal.Soc. of House April 1, '94. Norton. sentatives. Decorators and Painters. 300) j Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- 57 Malvern < Carpenters and sentatives. Joint Committee masons' Soc. Df Employers and May 1, '97. ) ( joiners. Emploveos. 29r Bricklayers Master Bricklay- 'Operative Brick- May 1, '96. ers' Assoc. layers' Soc. 259 Stonemasons Master Masons' Operative Stone- July 18, '98. Assoc. masons' Soc. 79 Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of May 1, "98. Manchester joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 70 f and Sal~ ^ ford. Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative Sept. 1, '95. Assoc. Plumbers' Assoc. 322 Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of Aug. 31, '99. Assoc. Plasterers. 322 : Plasterers' La- bourers. Operatives' Assoc. June 17, '95. 384, Concreters and asphalters. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Nat. Assoc. of Operative Con- Oct. 30, '97. creters and As- phalters. 186 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. 1 Date of Employers. Workpeople. Agreement. BUILDING TRADES cont. 321 Mansfield . . Carpenters and ] Employers' Rep're- Employees' Repre- July 9, '94. joiners. sentatives. sentatives. ( Stonemasons \ Carpenters and joiners. Plumbers 246 Marazion < > Employers' Ile- Employees' Repre- June 22, '98. Painters .. presentatives. sentatives. Labourers t Stonecuiters J 354 Merthyr Tyd- Carpenters and Master Builders' Gen. Union of April 1, '93. Vll. joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 13^ Bricklayers* . . Master Builders' Operative Brick- Nov. '99. Assoc. layers' Soc. 144 I Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Assoc. and six Operative Stone- masons' Soc. April 30, '97. \ Employers. 101 ; Painters .. Master Painters' Amal.Soc. of House Assoc. Decorators and Painters. ( Bricklayers Employers' Repre- Operative Brick- May '97. sentatives. layers' Soc. Stonemasons . . Operative Stone- May 1, '99. masons' Soc. Carpenters and w Amal. Soc. of May 1, '00. 302 Middleton joiners. Carpenters and and Tonge. Joiners. Plumbers.. (i Middleton Opera- April 2, '00. Master Builders'] tive House ( Assoc. ] Painters and V Painters .. ) ( Plumbers' Soc. 188 Middleton (Derby). Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. July 1, '97. 189 ^ Stonemasons . . Eight Employers .. Operative Stone- May 1, '99. masons' Soc. 287 Carpenters and Master Builders' Carpenters and Jan. 1, '98. joiners. Assoc. Joiners' Soc., and 218 f Morecambe < Plumbers Four Employers . . non-Society men. United Operative April, '00. Plumbers' Assoc. 150 Plasterers Employers' Repre- Nat. Assoc. of June 1, '97. 1 sentatives. Plasterers. 449; I Painters .. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '00. Representatives. House and Ship Painters. Morriston Sec under Swansea. 473 Mumbles Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- May 1, '99. sentatives. masons' Soc. 359 Neath.. Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- April 1, '99. sentatives. masons' Soc. 194 Nelson Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- April!, '96. Assoc., and Em- masons' Soc. ployers' Repre- sentatives. 423^1 ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- April 2, '00. Assoc. masons' Soc. 249 1 Newark ..{ Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Rep- resentatives. Operatives' Rep- resentatives. June 6, '98. 396 1 \ Plumbers Four Employers . . United Operative April 25, '99. Plumbers' Soc. 249J ( Painters and decorators. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Nat. Amal. Soc of House and Ship April 1, '99. Painters. This Agreement also constituted a Conciliation Board. t See also under Tees and Hartlepool. BUILDING TRADES. 187 Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Employers. Workpeople. Agreement. BUILDING TRADES w. 14' c Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- April 25, '96. Assoc. layers' Soc. 179 Stonemasons . . Operative Stone- June 4. '98. masons' Soc. 280 151 Newcastle, Gateshead, > and Dis- Plumbers Painters .. Master Plumbers' Assoc. Master Painters' Assoc. United Operative Plumbers' Assoc. Painters' Soc. Oct. 1, '98. Mar. 22, '98. C.B. trict. Painters* Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of June 1, '93, Assoc. Operative Paint- with ad- ers. ditions to Feb. 22, '98. 125, Bricklayers and Architects' Repre- Operative Brick- Feb. '97. Plasterers.t sentatives and layers' Soc. and Master Builders' Nat. Operative Assoc. Plasterers' Soc. 269 Newmarket . . Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- July 1, '99. Assoc. layers' Soc. ' Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- Feb. 3, '00. Assoc. layers' Soc. Stonemasons . . " Operative Stone- Nov. 2, '99. masons' Soc. Carpenters and Assoc. Socs. of Feb. 5, '00. joiners. Carpenters and Joiners. Newport, Plumbers .. Employees' Repre- May 7, '92. Mon. < sentatives. Plasterers Nat. Assoc. of June 30, '00. Plasterers. Painters and decorators. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Amal. Soc. of House Decora- May 6, '99. tors and Paint- m ers. Labourers Master Builders' Gas Workers and Mar. 24, 'CO. Assoc. General Labour- ers' Union. 400 Newton -le- Stonemasons Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- 1899. Willows. sentatives. masons' Soc. ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- April 2, '00. Assoc. masons' Soc. Bricklayers Operative Brick- ^ layers' Soc. Carpenters and m Joint Committee joiners. of Carpenters and Joiners' Societies. 4 Northamp- < Plumbers United Operative ton, Plumbers' Soc. >June 21, '00. Plasterers Amal. Soc. of Operative Plas- terers. Painters .. M Amal. Soc. of House Decora- tors and Painters. I Labourers n Gas Workers' and General Labour- ers' Union. Northfleet See under Gravesend. 274-, N. Shields / and Tyne-< Stonemasons Masters Builders' Assoc. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. Aug. 29, '98. 102; mouth. I. Painters .. Nine Employers . . Nat. Amal. Soc. of May 1, '90. House and Ship Painters. 318 Northumber- land, Dur- Slaters and Tilers. Nat. Assoc. of Slate Merchants Amal. Slaters' and Tilers' Soc. Nov. 11, '98 (revised as ham, and and Slaters. regards Yorks. wages Dec. 21, '98). 428 North wich . . Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- 1893. sentatives. masons' Soc. * Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. t Agreement providing for the demarcation of work. 188 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES cont. Norton See under Malton. ( Bricklayers 37 Master Builders Operative Brick- "1 layers' Soc. j 5 Norwich ..< Carpenters and joiners. Amal. Soc. of Car - penters and > June 1/99. Joiners. ! v. Labourers Navvies' andBrick- J layers'Labourers' Union. 151 ( Bricklayers Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Brick- layers' Soc. June 1, '96. 184 Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- July 1, '98. Assoc. masons' Soe. 59 Carpenters and joiners. " Amal. Soc. of Car- penters and May 1, 97. 122 [ f Nottingham and Dis-<( Plumbers Master Plumbers' Assoc. Joiners. United Operative Plumbers' Assoc. May 11, '92. 83 trict. Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of Aug. 12, '95. Assoc. Plasterers. 443 Painters .. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of Mar. 26, '97. Assoc. House and Ship (Amended Painters. Feb. 19 & 24, '00.) 455, ( Bricklayers and >% Operative Brick- May 31, '00. Plasterers.* layers' Soc. Manchester Order of Bricklayers. Nat. Assoc. of Plasterers. 458^1 ( Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- May 1, '99. 270; Nuneaton . . < Carpenters and sentatives. masons' Soc. Amat. Soc. of June 1, '98. joiners. Carpenters and Joiners. 268^ ( Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. Jan. 1, '99. 60 Oldham, Carpenters and Gen. Union and May 1, '00. > Lees, and <( Joiners. Amal. Soc. of [ Shaw. Carpenters and Joiners. 103 J I Painters .. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '94i Assoc. House and Ship (Amended Painters. May 11, '96) 204 Ormskirk . . Bricklayers Employers' Repre- Operative Brick- May 6, '97. sentatives. layers' Soc. 360' ( Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- July 1, '99 sentatives. sentatives. Bricklayers Carpenters and Joiners. 6 - Oxford ..< Plumbers Plasterers >Master Builders.. Building Federa- tion Committee. June 30, '94. Painters .. . . Labourers .) Patricroft See under Eccles. / Plumbers ^ \ ( 343 Penrith Plasterers > 10 Employers . . Societies' Repre- April, 99. ( sentatives. ( Painters .. ) 172 Peterboro' . . Carpenters and Master Builders' Carpenters and May 1, '94. Joiners. Assoc. Joiners. Agreement between Trade Unions providing for the demarcation of work. BUILDING TRADE! 189 Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES cont. \\V ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Oct. 4, '97. Assoc. masons' Soc. 61 Carpenters and M Amal. Soc. of Aug. 1, '97 Plymouth, Joiners. Carpenters and Devonport, J Joiners. 146 ' and Stone- Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative Nov. 1, '97. house. Assoc. Plumbers' Assoc. 88 Plasterers Master Builders' Nat. Assoc. of Aug. 1, '97. Assoc. Plasterers. 162, Labourers M Nat. Union of Gas- June 3, '93. workers and Gene- ral Labourers. 213 Pontypool . . Carpenters and Master Builders' Assoc. Carpenters May 14, '00. Joiners. Assoc. and Joiners. 330 ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- Aug. 13, '98 Pontypridd \ Assoc. masons' Soc. 86 ( Plasterers Master Builders' Nat. Assoc. of April 25, '93. Assoc. and Master Plasterers. Plasterers' Assoc. Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May, '95. Assoc. layers' Soc. Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- May 1, '99. sentatives. masons' Soc. Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Car- May 1, '95. joiners. Assoc. penters and Joinera 16 Portsmouth < Plasterers Nat. Assoc. of Plas- Jan. 6, '99. terers, Painters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of House May 1, '95. decorators. A.SSOC. and Master Decorators and Painters and Painters. Decorators. Labourers Master Builders' Gen. Labourers' 1898. Assoc. Amal. Union 17-j ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May 1, '93. Assoc. layers' Soc. 168 Carpenters and Operative Carpen- July 1, '99. Potteries & ) joiners. ters and Joiners. (Amended 251 ' Newcastle. % Painters .. Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 28, '00.) May 1, '97. sentatives. House and Ship (Amended Painters. '98 & April 26, '00.) 18 : Bricklayers Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Brick- layers' Soc. July 29, '97. 267 Stonemasons . . Employers' Asso- Operative Stone- July 18, '98. ciation Committee masons' Soc. and 3 Local Em- ployers. 223 Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. and Gen. May 1, '98. Preston . . *\ joiners. Assoc. Union of Carpen- ters and Joiners. 74 Slaters and flaggers. Operative Flaggers' and Slaters' Assoc. Aug. 1, '97. 317 Plasterers M National \ssoc. of Nov. 1, '98. Plasterers. 178 Painters .. n Nat. Amal. Soc. of April], '98. House and Ship > Painters. 39 Princetown .. Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- sentative. Operative Stone- mason's Soc. May 1, '97. 195^1 ) Radcliffe , Stonemasons .. Master Builders' Assoc. Operative Stono- mason's Soc. 1897. 411J I Painters .. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of Apr. 1, '99. Assoc. House and Ship Painters. 277^1 Bricklayers Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- May 1, '00. sentatives. sentatives. 428 Stonemasons . . Operative Rtone- May 11, '98. ma^cns' Soc. 277 \ Reading . . < Carpenters and M Employees' Repre- May 1, '00. joiners. sentatives. 277 Plumbers M May 1, '00. 277; I Plasterers " May 1, '00. 190 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES-co/^. R.B. Reading* Building Trade. . Master Builders . . Five Trade So- Nov. 3, '98. cieties. 361 Retf ord Painters and Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '99. decorators. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 19 1 f Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May 1, '97. Assoc. layers' Soc. 191 Rochdale, Stonemasons . . Operative Stone- July 27, '98. I Hevwood, J masons' Soc. 295 f and S Plasterers M Rochdale Opera- Aug. 1, '97. Littleboro' tive Plasterers' Assoc. 444J I Painters .. Jf Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 2, '00. House and Ship Painters. 357 Rossendale and District. Carpenters and joiners. Twenty-four Em- ployer?. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and July 1, '99. Joiners. 20 ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- Mar. '97. Assoc. layers' Soc. 20 Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- June 1, '00. sentatives, masons' Soc. 160 > Rugby .. < Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Employees' Repre- sentatives. April 1, 'OS. 137 1 I Plasterers. Three Employers Nat. Assoc. of [April 22, '97. | Plasterers. I Sept, 30, '97. 20J I Painters and de- Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of April, '99. corators. Assoc. House Decora- tors and Paint- ers. 245 Runcorn Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Car- June 1, '98. joiners. sentatives. penters and Joiners. 228 Rushden Carpenters and Master Builders' Carpenters and June 1, '93. joiners. Assoc. Joiners. 183^1 Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- Sept. 1, '97. sentative. masons' Soc. Bricklayers 1 288 | St. Albans < Carpenters and joiners. Painters .. [Master Builders' f" Assoc. Employees' Repre- sentatives. Oct. L '98. > I Labourers J 63 St. Anne's-on- Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of May 1, '99. the-Sea. joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 36 ^ / Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- June I, '97. \ sentatives. masons' Soc. 1841 I St. Helens < Carpenters and joiners. Master Builders' Assoc. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and April 4, 'M. j Joiners. 299J Painters and de- Amal. Soc. of June 1, '98. corators. House Decora- tors and Paint- ers. 254 Sale .. Painters .. Nine Employers . . Nat. Amal. Soc. of | April 1, '9(5. House and Ship Painters. Salford See under Manchester. 307) ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- _ \ Assoc. layers' Soc. 429 > Scarborough < Stonemasons .. Operative Stone- April 1, '98. | | masons' Soc. 167; I Plasterers H Nat. Assoc. of Dec. 28, 97. Plasterers. Shaw See under Oldham. Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board, BUILDING TRADES. 191 Office NO. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES cont. m 242; Sheffield Stonemasons . . Plasterers Master Builders' Assoc. Employers' Repre- Operative Stone- masons' Soc. Nat. Assoc. of June 26, '99. Oct. 24, '99. sentatives. Plasterers. 424) f Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 1, '99. y Shipley < Assoc. masons' Soc. 439; ( Painters .. Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '99. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 190 Shrewsbury.. Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 1, '97. Assoc. and Mas- masons' Soc. ter Masons' Re- presentatives. 244' Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- ) Assoc. layers' Soc. 244 Carpenters and Amal. Soc. and joiners. Gen. Union of >June 4, '98. Carpenters and Joiners. 1 244 , Southamp- . Plumbers M United Operative ) ton. 1 Plumbers' Assoc. 136 Plasterers Master Builders' Nat. Assoc. of 136 Painters .. Assoc. Plasterers. Amal. Soc. of June 4, '98. House Decorators and Painters. 136, _ Builders' La- w Navvies', Bricklay- June 26, '97. bourers. ers' Labourers', and Gen. Lab- ourers' Union. 435 Southend Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- sentatives. 1 Operative Stone- masons' Soc. May 1, '00. 23) Bricklayers Employers' Repre- Operative Brick- May '94. sentatives. layers' Soc. 425 Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Apr. 10, '00. 1 Joiners. sentatives. Carpenters and Joiners. 421 f Plumbers Employers' Repre- sentatives. United Operative Plumbers' Assoc. Apr. 2, "00. 474; Painters .. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 1, '00, Assoc. House and Ship Painters. 20(T ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- June 11, '98. Assoc. masons' Soc. 456 Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of April 1, '00. Rntrtti and Master Buil- Plasterers. oouun / QVi-ifklrlct \ ders' Assocs. 108 ' omelets. Painters and Master Painters' Amal. Soc.of House Mar. }, '99. decorators. Assoc. Decorators and Painters. 108, Labourers Master Builders' Nat. Amal. Union April 20, '93. Assoc. of Labour. 389 Spen Valley . . Carpenters and Spen Valley Con- Amal. Soc. of Sept. 28, '99. joiners. tractors' Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 212 Stalybridge* Painters and "Signed individu- Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 2, '98. decorators. ally." House and Ship Painters. ' 300) Stockport ..-< Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. July 18, '98. 459; I Plasterers Master Plasterers' Nat. Assoc. of May 1, '00. Assoc. and other Plasterers. Employers. 258^1 Bricklayers Employers' Repre- Operative Brick- July 25, '98. > Stocktonf sentatives. layers' Soc. 199; Plumbers Employers' Repre- United Operative Jan. 17, '98. sentative. Plumbers' Assoc. 371^ 1 Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Carpenters and Joiners' Soc. May 1, '99. 224; Painters .. Nat. Amal. Soc. of May 2, '98. House and Ship Painters. Stonehouse See under Plymouth. * See also under Ashton-under-Lyne. t Se e also under Tees and Hartlepooi. 192 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES cont. 64 Stourbridge, Brierley Hill Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives, and Employees' Repre- sentatives. May 1, ^G. and Cradley Standing Com- Dist. mittee of E tn- ployers and Em- * ployees. 275 ^ > Strond . . < Bricklayers Master Builders' Assoc. Operative Brick- layers' Soc. Sept. 1, '98. 310; I Labourers Gasworkers' and Sept. 19, '98. General Labour- ers' Union. an Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May, '97. 135 Stonemasons . . Eepresentatives. Master Builders' layers' Soc. Operative Stone- May 28; '98. Assoc. masons' Soc. 65 ^ i Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Amal. Soc. of Carpenters and Nov. 19, '96. joiners. 368 Plasterers Building Trade Nat. Assoc. of June 14, '99. Assoc. Plasterers. C.BJ Painters*.. Master Painters' Nat. Amal. Soc. of Assoc. Operative Paint- ers and Decora- tors. 454 Sutton Gold- Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of April I. '0(1. field. joiners.t Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 43(n 430; Swansea and/ Morriston. ^ Stonemasons . . Labourers Employers' Bepre- sentatives. n Operative Stone- masons' Soc. Nat. Union of Gas May 1, '98. May 18, '00. t Workers and General Labour- ers. 22 Swinton Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- Jan., '97. Representati ves. layers' Soc. 273^ 438J Tamworth / and District Bricklayers Painters Employers' Repre- sentatives. Master Painters' Operative Brick- layers' Soc. Painters and Feb. 19, '98. Apr. BO, '07. Assoc. Decorators Foe. ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- July I'J, '00. 467 Taunton < Assoc. layers' Soc. I Carpenters and M Amal. Soc. of July 12, '00. Joiners. Carpenters and Joiners. 149 Tavistock . . Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of Jan. 22, 't-8. joiners. sentative. Carpenters and Joiners. 446 Tees and Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of June 18, '00. Hartlepools. Joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 263 Tiverton Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Brick- July 4, '98. Assoc. layers Soc. Tonge See under Middleton. 66 Trowbridge . . Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Aug., 'H7. joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 417 Truro .. .. Stonemasons . . Contractors' Re- Operative Stone- Nov. 25, '99. presentatives. masons' Soc. Tyldesley See under Leigh. 356 Tyne District Carpenters and Employers' AFSOC. United Trades Oct., '94. joiners. Committee of Carpenters' and Ty nemo nth See under North Shields. Joiners' Socs. 429 Wakefleld . . Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 1, '00. Assoc. masons' Soc. 313 Wallaseyt . . Bricklayers. Building Trades Operative Brick- May 2, '98. Employers' Assoc. layers' Soc. * Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. f This agreement also constitutes a Conciliation Board. See also under Liverpool, BUILDING TRADES. 193 Office No. Town or District. i Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILD ING TRADER- 09**, 391 Walton and Carpenters and Master Builders' Gen. Union of Felixstowe.* ; joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Aug. 5, '99. Joiners. 429 Walsall Carpenters and Master Builders' i Amal, Soc. of April 1, '00. joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 67| Warring ton < Carpenters and Employers' Repre- joiners. sentatives. Employees' Repre- sentatives. June 1, '98. 112' L Plasterers .. i Master Builders' Nat. Assoc. of June 1, '99. Assoc. Operative Plas- terers. 465 N t Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- May 28, '00. Assoc. layers' Soc. 380 > Watford . . < Stonemasons Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- May 1,'UO. sentatives. sentatives. 294 t Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. and May, 'U7. joiners. Assoc. Gen. Union of | Carpenters and Joiners. 373^ mj Welling- / Bricklayers .. borough. ^ Carpenters and Master Builders' Assoc. Master Builders' Operative Brick- layers' Soc. Amal. Soc. of Car- Aug. 5, '99. June 22, '00. joiners. Assoc. penters and Join- ers. 241 Wellington .. Carpenters and Three Master Amal. Soc. of May 1, '98. joiners. Builders. Carpenters and Joiners. 2?n ( Bricklayers Master Builder*' Operative Bii:-k- April 1, '98. 463 I W wth Br m ~ Stonemason* . . H Employees' Repre- 1899. sentatives. 297 Wigan ..< Flaggers, slaters Master Builders' Operative Flag- April, '99. and tilers. Assoc. eers', Slaters', and Tilers' Soc. Plumbers . . United Operative April, '99. Plumbers' Assoc. Painters .. M Nat. Amal. Soc. of 1895. House and Ship Painters. Wilmslow See Alderley Edge. 38' (' Stonemasons . . Four Employers . . Operative Stone- Nov. 1, '76. masons' Soc. Bricklayers . . i Windsor and 328 > Eton Dis-^ Carpenters and ! tricfe " joiners. >Master Builders' ; Operatives' Com- May 1/98. Plumbers .. 1 Assoe. mittees. t ( Labourers . . ' ! 1 * See also under Ipswich. 2826 194 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES-co/^. 407- Bricklayers .. f Master Builders' Operative Brick- Mar., '99. Representatives. layers' Soc. 138 Stonemasons . . i Master Builders' Operative Stone- Aug. 1, '97. Assoc. masons Soc. 391 ' v Wolver- , Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative j May 30, '99. ( hampton. \ and Master Plumbers' Assoc. Builders' Assoc. 89 Plasterers Employers' Repre- Nat. Assoc. of April 1, % 97. sentatives. Plasterers. 112 j I Labourers Master Builders' Employees' Repre- April 1, '97. Assoc. sentatives. 400) > Worcester Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- sentatives. Operative Stone- masons' Soc. Oct. 1, '99. 351) Carpenters and Employees' Repre- May 1, '99. joiners. sentatives. 451 Workington.. Ccirpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of May 24, '00. joiners. i^entatives. Carpenters and j Joiners. 157 1 / Bricklayers .. Master Builders' Operative Brick- June 1, '97. / Wrexham ( ASSOJ, layers' Soc. 325; ( Painters and Employers' liepre Nat. Amal. Soc. of Mar 1, '99. decorators. sentatives. House and Ship Painters. 211 Yarmouth . . Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of May 1, '98. joiners. Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners. 426) ( Stonemasons . . Master Builders' Operative Stone- May 2, '98. York ,-t Assoc. and four flrms. masons' Soc. 450J ( Plasterers . Employers' Repre- Nat. Assoc. of May 1, '00. sentatives. Plasterers. SCOTLAND. 163 ^ f Masons and Master Masons' United Masons' Jan. 1, '98 I granite cutters. Assoc. and Granite (amended Cutters' Union. May L'3, '99). 124 Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Amal. Soc. of April 1, '99. y Aberdeen joiners. sentatives. Carpenters and Joiners. 105 Painters .. Master Painters' Representatives of Mar. 1, '94. Assoc. Trade Union. 163, V. Granite polishers Aberdeen Granite Aberdeen and May 16, '92. Assoc. District Granite Polishers' Pro- tective Union. 454 Airdrieand Stonemasons .. Master Masons' Operative Masons' July 1, '00. Coatbridge. Assoc. Soc. Alexandria ,& under Dumbarton. 367) i Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- United Operative May 26, '99. Arbroath < sentatives. Masons of Scot- land. 123) ( Carpenters and Master Joiners' Amal. and Assoc. April 13, '99. joiners. Section of Build- Carpenters' and ing Trades Fede- Joiners' Societies. ration. 233 Brechin Plumbers Two Employers . . United Operative Mar. 5, '98. Plumbers of Scotland. 436 Clydesdale .. Carpenters and Master Builders' Assoc. Carpenters Joiners. Assoc. and Joiners. 319 Dumbarton, Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- United Operative July 1, 98. Alexandria, sentatives. Masons' Assoc. and Helens- of Scotland. burgh. BUILDING TRADES. 195 Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES-co^. !BJ Dunblane .. Stonemasons . . ; Employers' Repre- United Operative Mar. 1, '98. sentatives. Masons' of Scot- land. 419^1 Masons* .. .. ; Master Builders' Operative Masons' May 1, '94. Assoc. Assoc. 337 Carpenters and Trade Committee Feb. 20, '99. I Dundee ..( joiners.* of Operative I Joiners. 222 Plumbers.. .. United Plumbers' Mar. 13, '99. 11 3; I Plasterers' la- Master Plasterers' Assoc. Nat. Labourers' April 4, '94. bourers. Assoe. Union. 243 Dunfermliue Painters .. Eleven Employers. Painters' Soe. April 1, '00. 460' ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- April 30, '00. Assoc. layers' Soc. 154 Stonemasons Operative Stone- Feb. '8. masons' Soc. 207 Edinburgh Carpenters and joiners. " Assoc. Carpenters and Joiners' Soc. Mar. 14, '96. (amended and Leith. < June, 99). 161 vSlaters . . Master Slaters' Amal. Slaters' Soc. Aug. 1, 97. Assoc. C.B. t .. ,, Aug. 15, '93. 81. Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative July 12, 00. Assoc. Plumbers of Scotland. 255") Elgin ..] Stonemasons .. | Employers' Repre- sentatives. United Operative Masons of Scot- land. Nov. 20, '99. 266J ( Carpenters and joiners. Master Carpenters' and Joiners' Assoc. Carpenters' and Joiners' Soc. Aug. 8, '9-<. Assoc. 202^ f Carpenters and Master Wrights' Assoc. Carpenters' 159 > Falkirk District. joiners.* Assoc. Plumbers .. 1 Fourteen Em- ployers and Joiners' Soc. United Operative Plumbers' Assoc. April 10, '99. 159, I Plasterers . . j Employers' Repre- Nat.Operative Plas 1897. sentatives. terers' Federal Union. 25' i Bricklayers + Associated Master Operative Brick- Oct. 11, '95. Bricklayers of layers' Assoc. of Glaserow. Scotland. 40 Stonemasons .. ; Master Masons' United Operative July 1, '98. Assoc. Masons Soc. 404 Carpenters and Master Wrights' Assoc. Carpenters' Aug. 23, '98. joiners. Assoc. and Joiners' Soc. 75 Slaters .. .. Master Slaters' Operative Slaters' Nov. 1, '96. > Glasgow ..< Assoc. Soc. 82 Plumbers .. Master Plumbers' United Operative May 1, '97. Assoc. Plumbers of Scotland. 311 Painters .. Master Painters' Scottish Nat, Jan. 1, '99. Assoc. Federation of House and Ship Painters. 323, \ Glaziers .. Master Glaziers' Assoc. GlasgowOperati ve Glaziers' Trade June, '96. (amended and Friendly as regards Soc. wages on j May 2, '98). 221 Greenock Plumbers .. 1 Master Plumbers' United Operative May 21, '98. Assoc. of Glas- Plumbers' Assoc. gow and West of Scotland. 90 Hamilton Plasterers .. Employers' Assoc. Nat.Operative Plas- Jan. 3, '98. terers' Federal Union. 237 Hawick Stonemasons .. Employers' Repre- United Masons' July 1, '95. sentative. Assoc. of Scot- land. * This agreement also constituted a Conciliation Board. t Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. J An agreement relating to apprenticeship was signed on May 30th, 1895. 2826 N 2 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office Town or No. j District. Occupation. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES -coat. Helensburgh. -iSVr under Dumbarton. i Insch. $t' ffwfrr Inverurie. 278^ ( Slaters .. ..I Master Slaters Operatives' llepre- ' July 15, '95. ) i Inverness . . \ Assoc. sentative. 17U ! ( Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative Mar. 22, '97. Assoc. Plumbers' Assocs. of Gt. Britain j and Ireland and * of Scotland. 326 i Inverurie, Kintore, Old Stonemasons and erranite cutters. Three Employers United Operative j Aug. 1, '98. Masons' and Meldrum, Granite Cutters' Insch, Kem- Union. nay and dis- '. trict. 291 * Irvine . . . . i Carpenters and Employers' Repre- Associated Carpen- April 19, '99. joiners. sentatives. tors' and Joiners' Soc. 335 Keith .. Stonemasons Master Builders' United Operative Mar. 1, '99. Assoc. Masons of Scot- Kemr\a,y.See under Inverurie. land. 173 Kilmarnock . . Carpenters and Joint Committee of Employers and Mar. 1, '97. 1 joiners. Employees. Kintore. See under Inverurie. "1 4i5J C Carpenters and Kirkealdy ) joiners, and District. ) (, Plumbers . . Employers' Repre- sentatives. Employers' Assoc. Associated Car- penters' and Joiners' Soc. Operatives' Assoc. April 1, 'yy. Nov. 22, '97. Leith. See under Edinburgh. 118 Montrose Stonemasons . . Employers' Repre- United Operative April 2, '00. sentatives. Masons' Assoc. 231 Nairn .. Plasterers Three Employers Operative Plaster- ers' Soc. 1897. 175 Oban .. Stonemasons , Oban Building United Operative Sept. 5, '98. Trades' Assoc. Masons' Assoc. of Scotland. Old Meldrum. See under Inverurie. 41 ^ ( Stonemasons Master Masons' United Operative July 1, '98. 1 Assoc. Masons' Assoc. 210 1 3521 Paisley ..< Carpenters and joiners. Painters .. Master Wrights' Assoc. Employers' Repre- Operative Joiners' Assoc. Operatives' Repre- Mar. 29, '97. Jan. 1, '99. sentatives. sentatives. 290 J Labourers Master Brickbuild- Nat. Labourers' Apr. 19, '97. ers' Assoc. Union. 327 Peterhead and Stonemasons and Five Employers . . United Operative Aug. 1, '98. District. granite cutters. Masons and Granite Cutters' Union. 331 j Rothesay .. Slaters Employers' Repre- Rothesay Opera- ; Mar. 11, '99. sentatives. tive Slaters. 451 Stirling Slaters Employers' Repre- Operative Slaters' ! June 30, ! 00. sentatives. Soc. 409 \ Vale of Leven Plumbers Six Master Plumb- United Operative Sep. 1, '99. ers. Plumbers' Assoc. IRELAND. 342 ^ Carpenters and Builders' Assoc. . . Carpenters' and May 1. '97. joiners. Joiners' Soc. 158 V Beirut,, ) Plasterers Master Plasterers and Master Buil- Plasterers' Soc. May '90. ders. 158; Painters .. Master Painters' Assoc. Belfast Operative May 1, '95. House Painters' Union. BUILDING TRADES. 1U7 Office No. Town or District. Occupation. I'lirties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BUILDING TRADES-co/// 1 . 71 Carlow Carpenters and joiners. Employers' Repre- sentatives. Amal. Soc. of Car- ; Apr. 30, '94. penters and | Joiners. 412 Cork.. Masons, Stone- Builders Assoc. . . United Building April 22, '92. cutters, car- Trades. penters, plas- terers. 129 ' Bricklayers Master Builders' Brick and Stone- Aug. 21, '96. Assoc. layers' Soc. 128 Stonemasons . . Stonecutters' Aug. 27, '96. Union. 127 Carpenters and H Amal. Soc. of Car- May 1, '96. > Dublin ..< joiners. penters and Joiners. 76 Slaters Regular Operative Aug. 29, '96. Slaters' Soc. 130 Plasterers Master Builders' Representatives of Aug. 28, '96. Assoc. Trade Union. 106; Painters .. Master Painters' The Metropolitan June 1, '99. Assoc. and Amal. Socie- ties of House Painters. ( Bricklayers Master Builders' Operative Brick- April 2, '97 Assoc. layers' Soc. and (amended Incorporated Mar. 4, '98). Brick and Stone- 119 Londonderry < layers' Soc. of Dublin. 1 Stonemasons i Mar. 22, '97. 1 I. Carpenters and joiners. " Amal. Soc. of Car- penters and July 10, '97 (amended 72 Newry and Vicinity. Carpenters and joiners. Five Employers .. Joiners. Operatives' Socie- ties. June 8, '99). May 5, '96. 174 Newtownards Carpenters and Master Builders' Amal. Soc. of Car- April 1, '97. joiners. Assoc. penters and Joiners. ISLE OF MAN. 388 ") f Stonemasons Ten Employers . . Operative Stone- Feb. 1, '99. masons' Soc. 289 Carpenters and Master Builders . . Amal. Soc. of May 1, '97. > Douglas < joiners. Carpenters and J (liners. 215 Plumbers Master Plumbers' United Operative June 21, '97. Assoc, Plumbers' Assoc. 393J I Plasterers Eight Employers . Nat. Assoc. of March '99. Operative Plas- 35 Rushen and Arbory. Stonemasons . . Master Masons' Representatives. terers. Operative Stone- ! Oct. 7, '96. masons' Repre- sentatives. 198 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Parties to Agreement. Office No. ITown or District. Occupation. Date of Agreement. Workpeople. Employers. COAL MINING. 126 Federated Dis- Coalmining .. Associated Coal Miners' Federation fSept.29,'98.f tricts.f Owners in Dis- 1 tricts covered by < Jan., '99.t the Miners' Fe- deration. Uan. 16. 'OO.f 180^ (' Colliers (Anthra- Employers' Repre- Workpeoples' May 24,' '98. cite). sentatives. Representatives. m South Wales and Mon-^ Coalmining* .. Monmouth and South Wales Coal Representatives of workpeople em- Sept. 1, '98. f mouth. Owners' Assoc. ployed by Asso- ciated employers. lllJ ^ Winding engine- men. South W T ales Col- liery Winding June 2, '99. Enginemen's Assoc. 156 Cumberland Coal mining^: . . Coal Owners' Assoc. Miners' Assoc. Feb. 12, '95. (revised June 18, '00.) C B ~\ , Coal miningt . . Coal Owners' Assoc. County Mining Oct. 17, '99. Federation. J.C. > Durham ' Coal mining . . Coal Owners' Assoc. Miners' Assoc. Dec. 6, '92. 215J Coal mining Coal Owners' Assoc. Miners' Assoc. Mar. 31, '00. C.B.} ( \ Coal miningi . . Coal Owners' Assoc. Miners' Assoc. Dec. 20, '99. Northumber- 1 land. ) ( Miners' Assoc. . . ) Mar. '77, J.C.) ( I Coal mining . . Coal Owners' Assoc. ( Steam Collieries ( with ( additions Defence Assoc. ) to Jan. '97. 143 Yorkshire .. Pit lads .. Colliery Owners . . Miners' Assoc. July 22, '98. 214 Forest of Dean Coal mining Ten Employers' Representatives. Workpeoples' Rep- resentatives. May 25, '00. ( Enoinemen and Coal Owners' Assoc. Miners' Assoc. 1899. 9OQ Warwick- i Smoker-* AsQ shire. [ Getters (pickmen) Coal Owners' Assoc. Miners' Assoc. Jan. 18, '00. 173 S ( Coal mining Coal Owners of Scottish Miners' July 20, '99. Scotland ..s Scotland. Federation. C.BJ ^ Coal mininert . . Coal Owners of Scottish Miners' Jan. 5, '00. Scotland. Federation. 217 Lanarkshire . . Enginemen Coalmasters' Assoc. United Engine- Apr. 7, '00. keepers' Mutual . Protective Assoc. of Scotland. OTHER MINING AND QUARRYING. J.C. Cleveland . . Ironstone mining Mine Owners' Assoc. N. Yorks. and Cleveland Miners' Assoc. , as. Dalton Iron Ore mining* Employer .. Miners' Represen- Oct. 1, '90. tatives S.S. Stainton Quarrymen* . . Employer Workpeoples' Aug. 11, '92. Representatives. C.B. West Cumber- Limestone Employers' Assoc. Quarrymens' Assoc. June 15, '00. land. quarrying.t 48 Bethesda Slate quarrying Employers' Repre- sentative. Workpeoples' Representatives. Aug. 21, '97. 145 West Glouces- Stone dressing Seven Employers Gas Workers' and Feb. '99. ter. and quarrying. Gen. Labourers' Union. * Sliding Scale Agreement. t Including Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cheshire, Derby, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire. Shropshire, part of Staffordshire, Warwickshire, part of Worcester, Bristol, and North Wales. The agreement of 1898 constituted a Conciliation Board from 1st January 189J, until 1st January 1901 ; that of 1899 contains the rules of procedure ; while the agreement of 1900 provided for the continuance of the Board for a further period of 3 years. J Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. f Agreement constituting a Joint Committee. IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURE, ETC. 19U Parties to Agreement. Office Xo. Town or District. Occupation. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. PIG IRON MANUFACTURE. S.S. Cleveland and tfurnacemen*! Cleveland Iron- Cleveland and Dec. 18, '97. Durham. masters' Assoc. Durham District Blastfurnace- mens' Assoc S.S. Cumberland and N. Lanes. Blastfurnacemen* : West Cumberland Ironmasters' Cumberland Blast- furnacemen s' Sept. 9, '98. j Assoe. Assoc. 1 S.S. North Blastf urnacemen* Ironmasters' Assoc. Blastf urnacemens' Oct. 9, '99. Staffordshire Assoc. C.B. Scotland Blastf urnacemenf; Blast Furnace Amal. Soc. of Steel April 13, '00. Owners of Scot- and Iron Work- i land. ers. IRON AND STEEL MANUFACTURE. S.S. Barrow Steel workers . . Employer .. Workpeople's Nov. '95. s.s. Midlands, S. Iron workers* . . Midland Manufact Representatives, iired Iron and Steel Oct. 21. '89. Lanes, and Wages Board. (Amended S. Yorks. July 31, '93.) s.s. North of Eng- Ironworkers* .. North of England Board of Conciliation July 1, '89. land. and Arbitration for the Manu- factured Iron Trades. S.S. South Wales Iron and steel South Wales and Representatives of Sept. 1, '95. and Mon- workers.* Monmouthshire Workpeople. mouth. Iron and Steel Makers' Assoc. 184 South Wales Steel workers . . Joint Conference of Employers Oct. 4, '99. and Workpeople. S.S.) West of Scot- Iron workers . . Scottish Manufactured Iron Trade fJune27/98* land. Conciliation and Arbitration 213) Board 1 Acr. 20. '99. R.B. West of Scot- land. Steel workerst . . Employers' Repre- sentative. Workpeople's j Sept. 18, '90. Represen tati ves. ENGINEERING AND SHIPBUILDING. 96^ ( Engineers .. Federated En- Ten Trade Societies Jan. 28, '98. gineering and Shipbuilding Employers. Repair work in oil - carrying 124 Shipwrights .. Ship Repairers' Assoc. Shipwrights' Oct. 21, '96. Federation. Soc. 5 United Engineers . . ., Amal. Soc. of Sept. 24, '94. 5 Kingdom. Drillers .... Engineers. Nat. Soc. of Drillers Sept 19, '94. and Hole Cutters. 5 Boilermakers .. Boilermakers', Iron Feb. '94. and Steel Ship- builders' Soc. 92 Painters.. .. Nat. Amal. S.oc. of Mar. 8, '98. Operative House i and Ship Paint- ers and Decora- J tors. 117 Barrow Ironfounders .. ! Employer .. Friendly Soc. of Sept. 29, '98. Ironfounders. Bolton See under Manchester. 181 Bridgwater .. Shipwrights .. Ship Repairers Assoc. Shipwrights' April 22, '90 Representatives. Soe. 68^1 f Boilermakers' j Engineers and Ship- Nat. Amal. Union Feb. 9, '97. I Cardiff, Barry and <( "Po-nn rfl-i and shipbuild- builders Em- ers' helpers. ployers' Assoc. Smiths' hammer- of Labour. Smiths' Hammer- Mar. 1, '97. 134 | .L enai TII. men. men's Soc. 212; I Ship joiners .. ,, I Assoc. Carpenters Feb. 8, 00. and Joiners. * Sliding scale Agreement. t Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. 200 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. ENGINEERING AND SHIPBUILDING cont. 44 Chepstow . . Platers' helpers Employer Nat. Amal. Union June 24, '96. of Labour. 1 Colchester . . Engineers Three Firms Amal. Soc. of July 1, '96. Engineers. 98 Grimsby Shipwrights Fishing Vessel Owners' Assoc. Associated Ship- wrights' Soc. June 6, '98. 124") ( Shipwrights . . Shipwright Em- ployers' Assoc. Associated Ship- wrights' Soc. Nov. 23, '83. 45 Engineers Firm Amal. Soc. 01 Dec. 4, 96. V Engineers, and / r-in ii -tlUll ^\ | Nat, United Trades Soc. of Engineers. 120; I Boilermakers, Iron Trades Em- Boilermakers, Iron Oct. 27, '98. and ship- ployers' Assoc. and Steel Ship- builders. builders' Soc. 46 Ipswich Shipwrights . . ; Two Employers . . Associated Ship- Feb. 9, '98. wrights' Soc. 95^ ( Ship repairing in Shipbuilders' As-soc. Boilermakers', Iron May 1, '98. Graving Docks. and Steel Ship- 71 > Liverpool, see \ also under^ Mersey. Shipwrights " builders' Sec. Liverpool Ship- wrights' Assoc. and Assoc. Ship- Nov. 15, 97. wrights' Soc. sj Ship joiners Shipbuilders' and Joint Comuittee June 1, '98. Engineers' Assoc. of Carpenters' and six Steam- and Joiners' ship Companies. Societies. 82) Boilermakers . . Shipbuilders' and Boilermakers ', Iron Oct. 14, '97. Engineers' Em- ployers' Assoc. and Steel Ship- builders' Soc. 234) Ship painters . . M Amal. Soc. of House (Amended Decorators and Feb. 27, '00.) Painters'Reliance July 24,' 00. and National Unity. 138 Lowestof t . . Shipwrights Employers' Repre- Assoc. Shipwrights' June 1, '98. sentatives. Soc. 102^1 ( ( Manchester Dist. 1 | Manchester | Dist. and< BoltonDist. Boilermakers < 1 Engineering Trades Employ- ers' Assoc. Bolton Dist. Engi- neering Trades Boilermakers', v Iron and Steel ' Shipbuilders' Soc. Oct. '98. Employers' Assoc. j 43 j I Spindle and Spindle and Flyer Operative Spindle Feb. 15, '97. flyer makers. Tr ades Em- and FlyerMakers' 1 Dlovers' Assoc. Assoc. 220 Mersey Dist. Shipwrights, and {"Two Employers' Assoc. aod one Two Shipwrights' and three Joiners' April 19, '00. Ship joiners*.. Firm. Societies. July 23,'OO.f 87 Mersey Shipwrights and t> Assoc. Shipwrights' Jan. 1, '98. Mast and Block Soc. and Mast and Makers,* Block Makers' Soc. 178^ f Boiler Makers M Boilermakers and Dec. 1, '90. and Engineers.} Iron and Steel 1 Newport < Shipbuilders and Amal. Soc. of i Engineers. 3lj I Ship Painters, Engineers and Nat. Amal. Union Aug. 6, '97. S crub b ers, Shipbuilders Em- of Labour. Tank and Bilge ployers' Asso:\ Cleaners, &c. * Agreement providing for the demarcation of work. T Agreement providing for the settlement of " demarcation " disputes '. i Agreement between two trade unions providing for the demarcation of work, ENGINEERING AND SHIPBUILDING, ETC. 201 Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. ENGINEERING AND SHIPBUILDING -cont. North -East Coast: C.B.^ ( Iron Founders*., Employers' Assoc. Ironfounders' Soc. Oct. 22, '94. C.B. 232 I North-East J Coast. s Patternmakers* Patternmakers' Engineering Trades' Employers' Assec. Conciliatic United Pattern- makers' Assoc. m Board. Nov. 2, '96. Aug., '98. Overtime Regu- \ lations. C.BJ I Marine Engin- Shipowners' Soc... Sea-going Engin- 1892. eers.* eers Joint Com- mittee. 161 Middlesbro' Shipwrights and joiners.f Tees and Hartle- pool Shipbuild- Assoc. Shipwrights' Soc., Amal. and Oct. 13, '98. ers' Assoc. Assoc. Joiners' Societies. 116} Tees and ( Shipbuilders! . . Shipbuilders' Assoe.j 12 Trade Societies j May 24, '98. I Hartle-< (Sept. 12, '98. 182) pool. (^ Platers' helpers Shipbuilders'Assoc. Platers' Represen- 1899. tatives. Nat. Amal. Union of Labour, and the Nat. Union of Gasworkers and General Labour- ers. 163 Tyne, Wear Ironfounders' Conciliation Board. Nov. 1, '94. and Tees. Overtime Reg- ulations. 184 Tyne, Wear, Boilermaker^ . Tyne, Wear, Tees, Boilermakers'. Iron Julv 5,'04. Tees, and ! and Hartlepool and Steel Ship- H a r 1 1 e - Shipbuilders. builders' Soc. pool. 162' Shipbuilders-)- .. Shipbuilders' Assoc. Engineering and Shipbuilding 1899. Federation, Amal. Soc. of Engineers, and the Nat. Soc. of Drillers and Hole Cutters. 162 Shipwrights and Joiners.t Shipbuilders'Assoc. Assoc.Shipwrights' Soc., Joiners' Soc. Oct. 20, '93. 162 Tyne and ; iBlyth." Engineers and Plumb ers. ^ Shipbuilders'Assoc. Amal. Soc. of Engineers and United Opera- Jan. 3, 91. tive Plumbers' Assoc. i 120 i Boilermakers, Shipbuilders'Assoc. Boilermakers'Jron Nov. 5, 97. Shipwrights and Steel Ship- and Smiths.! buildt rs' Assoc., Assoc. Ship- wrights' Soc., Co- operativeSmiths' Soc. July 25, .95. 154; V Shipyard labotar- Tyne Shipbuilders' N:ii Amal. Union ers. Assoc. of Labour. 5") (\ Shipwrights, Shipbuilders' Assoc. Employees' Repre- Nov. 21, '94. joiners, drill- smtatives. ers, painters. 110 > Wear ..< Boilermakers . . Engineering Trades Employers' Assoc. Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship- Aug. '98. builders' Assoc. C.BJ U Shipbuilders* .. Shipbuilders'Assoc. Four Societies. 1885-6. 89 Preston .. Ironfounders .. Engineers and Iron- Friendly Soc. of ; April 21, '98 founders Em- Iron founders. ployers' Assoc. * Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. t Agreement providing for the settlement of " demarcation " disputes. ; This Agreement also constitutes a Joint Committee. ? Agreement between two Trade Unions providing for the demarcation of work. 202 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office Tow n or Parties to * Agreement. Date of No. District. Employers. Workpeople. Agreement. ENGINE BRING AND SHIPBUILDING cont. 65 > f - Engineers and Engineers' Em- Amal. Soc. of 1 Southamp- ^ steam engine makers. ployers' Assoc. Engineers, and Soc. of Steam f ton. j Engine Makers. sj I Boiler makers, iron and steel Employers' Repre- sentatives and Boilermakers, Iron and Steel Ship- Mar. 16, '97. 83") I' shipbuilders on repair work. Boilermakers' Six Shipping Companies. Employers' Assoc. builders' Soc. Nat. Amal. Union April 1, '97. 54 > Swansea & J district. helpers. Ship-cleaners and painters. Employer .. of Labour. Dock.Wharf, River- side and General Nov. 19, '97. J Labourers' Union. 33^ r Fitters' helpers Employers' Assoc. Nat. Amal. Union April 1, ' J>7. p> Swansea & district < cont. and general labourers. Ship repairers . . of Laboiir. Ship Repairers' Assoc. Mar. '99. 203; ( Shipwrights Employers' Assoc. Assoc. Shipwrights' Soc. Mar. 1, '99. 4 Thames Ship joiners Ship Builders and Amal. Soc. of Mar. 2. '97. Engineers Em- Carpenters and ployers' Assoc. Joiners. J.C. Clyde .. Shipwrights and Employers' Assoc. Trade Socs joiners".* 144 Dundea Shipjoiners Employers' Repre- Carpenters' and Nov. 12, '97. sentatives. Joiners' Soc. TINPLATE MANUFACTURE. 199 S. Wales and Tin plate workers I Welsh Sheet and | Workpeople's Soci- June 27, '99. Gloucester. Plate Manufac- eties. 1 turers' Assoc. 1 BOLT AND NUT MANUFACTURE. C.B. South Staf- Bolt and nut Midland Nut and Nat. Amal. Soc. of April 17, '93. fordshire. makers.! Bolt Trade Nut and Bolt Assoc. Makers. BRASS WORKERS.! 149^ ', Brass casters . . Gas and Electric Nat. Soc. of Amal. Oct. 16, '97. Light Fittings Brassworkers. Masters' Assoc. 165 Birmingham^ Cased tube and stair rod trade.} Cased Tube and Stair Rod Manu- Bedstead Tube and Stair Rod Assoc. Mar. 11, '96. District. facturers' Assoc. 159 Bedstead trade} Bedstead Manu- Bedstead Work- Oct. 5 '93. facture^' Assoc. men's Assoc. C.B.. ^ Watdr, steam, and Water, Steam, and Nat. Soo. of Amal. beer flttings.t Beer Fittings Brassworkers. Masters' Assoc. R.B.j f Gas and electric Gas and Electric Nat. Soc. of Amal. Oct. 26. '96. Midland \ light nttings.f Light Fittings Brassworkers. Counties. ) Masters' Assoc. R.B. ) I Brass f oundryf . . Master Brass- Nat. Soc. of Amal. Nov. 12, '96. founders' Assoc. Brassworkers. * Agreement providing for the settlement of demarcation disputes, t Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. + Agreement forming an alliance between Employers and Operatives and also constituting a Wages Board, TEXTILE TRADES, ETC. 203 Office No. Town or District. 1 Parlies to Agreement. Date ot Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. TEXTILE TRADES. J.C. Lancashire, Weavers*.. .. Cotton Spinners & (N. &N.E.). ; Manufacturers' Amal. Assoc. of Weavers. July 3, '96. Assoc. 72 Lancashire .. Cotton spinning Employer*' Repre- (Brooklands sentatives. Employees' Repre- sentatives. Mar. 24. '93, (amended Agreement). Dec. 24, '9? & April 26, '00.) 84 Bolton Cotton spinning Master Cotton Card-room Opera- Jan. 28, '97. Spinners' Assoc. tives' Assoc. 139 Bury Fustian weaving Employers' Repre- Weavers' Repre- Nov. 28, '98. sentatives. sentatives. 167 Nottingham.. Lace working! . Lace Manufac- Lace Operatives' Mar. 28, '98. turers Assoc. Assoc. 213 Bradford Cotton Warp Board of Conciliation. Aug. 17, '98. Dyers (Shop Stewards). 152 Yorkshire . . Dyers Bradford Dyers' Amal. Soc. of Aug. 18, '99. Assoc., Ltd.. and Dyers ; Gas one Firm. Workers' and General Labour- ers' Union, and the Huddersfleld, Bradford, and Barnsley Dyers' Assoc. R.B. Huddersfield Dversf W. Riding Dyers' Huddersfield,Brad- April 4, '97. and District. and Finishers' .ford, Barnsley Assoc. and Dist. Dyers' Assoc. ; Hudders- fleld and Dist Cloth Pressers' Benevolent and Burial Soc. R-B.^ ( Slubbing and , W. Riding Dyers' Huddersfleld, Brad- Jan. 10, '93. West Riding \ Yarn Dyers.f and Finishers' ford, Barnsley > of York-< Assoc. and Dist. Dyers' ( shire. ) Assoc. B.B. 7 I Cotton Warp 1 Huddersfleld, Brad- Sept. '97. Dyers.f ford, Barnsley * and Dist. Dyers, Finishers, Scour- ers and Kindred Trades Assoc. C.B.^i f Trimmersf Master Dyers' and Trimmers' Assoc... Oct. 17, '92. s, Leicester < Trimmers' Assoc. C.B. ) I Dyersf .. .. Employers' Assoc. Dyers' Union Jan. '94. 85 Newmilns . . Lace working ., Eight Employers ! Employees' Repre- Nov 16/97. sentatives. BOOT AND SHOE TRADE. 150 England .. Boot and shoej .. Federated Assoc. Nat. Union of j April 19, Y5. of Boot and Shoe Boot and Shoe Manufacturers. Operatives. C.B. Bristol.. Boot and shoet . . Federated Assoc. Nat. Union of April 19, '95. of Boot and Shoe Boot and Shoe Manufacturers. Operatives. C.B. Kettering Boot and shoef . . Boot and Shoe j Nat. Union of Manufacturers' . Boot and Shoe Assoc. Operatives. C.B. Leeds .. Boot and shoet.. Boot Manufac- ' Nat. Union of Dec. 19, '92, turers' Assoc. Boot and Shoe (revised Operatives. Nov. 24, '99.) 186^ f Boot and shoe . . Joint Committee Nov. 4, '95. V Leicester < C.B.; I Boot and shoet . . Boot Manufacturers Nat. Union of Dec. 15, Ve. A ssoc. Boot and Shoe Operatives. * Agreement constituting a Joint Committee. t Agreement constitiiting a Conciliation Board. * Arranged at a Conference held at the offices of the Board of Trade. 204 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement. Date of . Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. BOOT AND SHOE TRADE-eo/tf. C.B.^ C.B. j North- ( ampton j Clickers and pressmen.* Lasters and M a n u f a c t u r e r s' Assoc. Manufacturer s' Nat. Union of Boot and Shoe Operatives. Nat"! Union of April 27, 96. June 15, '96. finishers.* Assoc. Boot and Shoe Operatives. 9 Norwich Boot and shoe . . Boot and Shoe Nat. Union of Oct. 22, '97. Makers' Assoc. Boot and Shoe Operatives. E.B. East of Scot- Boot and shoe*.. E. of Scotland Boot Nat. Union of Sept. 'll. land. and Shoe Manu- Boot and Shoe facturers' Assoc. Operatives. 10 Edinburgh . . Boot and shoe . . Master Boot Cordwainers' Soc. Mar. 4, '97. Makers' Assoc. and one Firm. 49 Glasgow Boot and shoe .. Employers' Repre- Nat. Union of Mar. 31, '96. sentatives. Boot and Shoe Operatives. 52 Cork .. Boot and shoe . . Employers' Repre- Nat. Union of June 3, '97. sentative. Boot and Shoe Operatives. TAILORING TRADE. 197 Hull .. Jewish Tailors . . Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- April 16, '99. sentatives. sentatives. 151 London % .. Tailors and ! Tailors' Improve- International Tai- Sept. 30, '96. mantlemakers. ment Assoc. lors, Machinists and Pressers' Union and Amal. Mantle Makers. 93 Perth .. Tailors .. Master Tailors' Soc. Scottish Operatives April 9, '98. Tailors' Assoc. PRINTING TRADES. 119 English Pro- Linotype Ma- Linotype Users' Typographical Dec 13/98. vinces. chine Opera- Assoc. Assoc. tors on " Stab." 221 Barnsley Compositors . . Employers' Repre- Typographi cal Dec. 1, '99. sentatives. Assoc. 150 Birmingham, Printers, litho- Master Printers' B'hain, W. Brom- April 28, '97. West Broin- graphers and and Allied Trades' wich and Dis- wich and bookbinders. ASbOC. trict Printing District. and Kindred Trades Fedn. 224 Hartlepools . . Compositors Employers' Repre- Typographi cal Jan. 23, '99. sentatives. Assoc. 135 Lancaster Jobbing Hands.. Employers' Repre- sentative. Typographical Assoc. Mar. 12, '98. ( Linotype Ma- Employer .. Jan. 1, '98. chine Opera- tors. 109) Machine Mana- Printing and Allied Printing Machine June 9, '91. gers. Trades Assoc. Managers' Trade Soc. 218J Compositors m Soc. of Composi- 1900. tors. 194 Manchester .. Linotype Ma- Manchester and Manchester Typo- Oct. 1, '96. chine Opera- Salford Master graphical Soc. tors on " Stab." Printers' Assoc. 58 Edinburgh .. Press and Ma- Master Printers' Press and Machine- Dec. 13, '97. chine Men. Assoc. men's Soc. 28 Isle of Man . . Compositors Six Employers .. Typographical Jan. 1, '96. Assoc. Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board, BRICK, GLASS, AND POTTERY, ETC. Otiiee No. Town or District. Parties to Agreement. Date ..I A'_'refim-nl. Employers. Workpeople. WOODWORKING AND FURNISHING. I'.'."' Birmingham Cabinet Makers Master Cabinet Ainal. Union and Sept. 4, '99. Makers' A.ssoc. Alliance Cabinet Makers' Assoc. GO Bolt-on .. Milkawyers and Master Builders' I Amal. Soc. of Mill- Mav 21, '00. Woodcu 1 1 i n g Assoc. sawyers and Machinists. Woodcutting Machinists. 142 Leicester Furnishing Employers' Uepre- Furnishing Trades Mar. 20, 'W. trades. sentatives. Federation. m ( Cabinet makers Cabinet Makers', Amal. Union of Mav 1. 'lid. Chair Makers', ! Cabinet Makers, Upholsterers',and \ and Alliance French Polishers' Cabinet Makers' Assoc. Assoe. 12 > Liverpool -\ j French polishers Master Cabinet Amal. Soc. of Aug. lit, 'H8. Makers', Chair French Polish- Makers', Uphol- ers. sterers', and French Polish- J ers' Assoc. 53 London* Cabinet makers Cabinet Trades', Four Trade Socs... Aug. 11. 'tin. Federation. 233 Manchester .. Cabinet makers Furniture Manu- Amal. and Alliance June 25, '00. facturers' Assoc. Cabinet Makers' Assoc. 13 Scarborough Cabinet makers Three Employers Amal. Union of May 3, '97. Cabinet Makers. 121 Scotland .. ! Furnishing Scottish Furniture United Furniture Jan. 17, '99. trades Manufacturers' Trades' Assoc. Assoc. 14 Aberdeen .. Upholsterers Master Upholster- Operative Uphol- May, 13, '97. ers' Assoc. sterers' Union. 88 Musselburgh j Lathsplitters .. Employers' Repre- Operative Lath- Jan. 14, '98. sentative. splitters' Assoc. BRICK, GLASS, AND POTTERY. 35 Birmingham Briekmakers . . Master Brick- Nat. Union of Gas- April 23, '97. makers. workers and General Labour- ers. 36 Headington .. Brickmakers . . Employers' Repre- Nat. Amal. Union April 11, '93 sentatives. of Labour. 179 Lancashire .. Flint glass Flint Glass Manu- Nat. Flint Glass April, '99. workers. facturers. Makers' Soc. C.B.'j Pottery workers* Employers Workpeople April 28, '91. With later amend- ments. 166 Brickmakers,&c.f Staffordshire Pot- Staffordshire Pot- June 6, '96 Potteries < i teries, Brick and Fire Clay (Manu- teries, Brink and FireClay(Opera- facturers') Assoc. tives') Assoe. 168 China, Furniture China Furniture China Furniture Feb. 17, '06. and Electrical (Manufacturers') (Operatives') As- appliances.f Assoc. soc. 168 J Jet and Rock- Jet and Roeking- Operatives' Assoc. 1897. ingham ware ham Ware Manu- trade, t facturers' Ass i.e. 37 W. Bromwich. Brickmakers . . W. Bromwich and Nat. Union of Gas- May 1, '98. Oldbury and Oldbury Brick- workers and District. makers' Assoc. General Labour- ers. FOOD TRADES. 69 Derby .. Bakers .. Master Bakers' Amal. Union of Mav 2, '97. Assoe. Operative Bakers and Confection- i ers. * This Agreement also constitutes a Conciliation Board. t Agreement forming an alliance between Employers and Operative?. 206 WORKING RULES, MUTUAL AGREEMENTS, ETC. Parties to Agreement. Office No. Town or District. Occupation. . ___ Date of Agreement. i Employers. Employed. FOOD TRADES - 39 Nottingham.. Bakers .. Master Bakers' and Confecti oners' Amal. Union of i Sept. 13, '97. Operative Bakers ! Assoc. and Confeetion- ers. 61 Oxford .. Bakers .. Fifteen Employers Employees' Repre- May 24, '97. sentatives. C.B. Scotland Bakers* . .. As Grimsbv ing Engineers' Union. so ; I Engineers and Fishing Vessel Steam Fishing Ves- Nov. 27, '9 \ trimmers on Owners' Assoc. sels Engineers' steam fishing and Firemen's vessels. Union. 158 ^ ( Engineers in steam trawlers. Fishing Vessel Owners' Assoc., Amal. Steam Trawlers En- May 1, '97. Ltd. gineers' and Fir j- rnen's Union. 63 TT_II ) Sea-going En- Shipowners' Re- Four Trade Socie- April 20, '97 183 XlUll .. gineers. Sailing and Steam presentatives Fishing Vessel ties. Trawl Fishermen's Nov. 1, '99. Vessel hands. Owners' Assoc., Protection Soc. Ltd. 183, ^ Steam Trawlers M Oct. 30, '99. and Steam Fleeters Weekly Hands. 191 London Cab Drivers Cab Owners' Assoc. Cab Drivers' Trade June, '94. i Union. 157 230 North-east Coast. Sunderland .. i Sea-going En- gineers. Carters and Shipowners' Re- presentatives. Building Trades' Marine Engineers' Union, Ltd. Nat. Union of Gas- May 10, '99. May 30, '00. rolley-men. Assoc. workers and General Labour- ers. 41 Tyne .. Tugboat and Boat Owners' Three Societies . . Jan., '96. trawlermen. Assoc. 219 Thames .. Lightermen's ap-: Assoc. of Master Amal. Soc. of Jan 11,97. prentices. Lightermen and Watermen and Boat Owners. Lightermen. 70 ^ ( Carters .. Carting Contrac- Carters' Union . . . Apr. 1, '98. S Aberdeen ( tors' Assoc. 228) \, Steam trawlmen Steam Trawl Workpeoples' Rep- May 1?, '00. Owners' Assoc. resentati ?es. * Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. DOCK AND WATERSIDE LABOUU. 207 Office No. Town or District. Occupation. Parties to Agreement, Date of Agreement. Employers. Workpeople. DOCK AND WATERSIDE LABOUR. 15 Avonmouth . . Corn porters Employers' Repre- Employees' Repre- July 25, '92. sentatives, sentatives. C.B. Corn porters* .. Bristol Channel Dock, Wharf. July 7, '00 I and West of ' Riverside and > Bristol England Corn i General Labour- | Trade Assoc. ers' Union. C.B. Dock labourers* Dock Committee July 7, '00 and one firm. C.B. Cardiff. Barry and Penarth. Coal trimmers* Employers' Repre- sentatives. Coal Trimmers' Union. aS Timber carriers Employers Gloucester \ Dock, W h a r i' , Riverside and May 17/97. > and Sharp- . \ General Labour- I ness. I ers' Union. 29; V Grain labourers Corn Merchants .. q May 34, '97. 18 Grimsby . . Dock labourers Four Stevedores . . Dock, Wharf, May 2, '92. Riverside and General Labour- ers' Union. 1!>0 1 Dock ' labourers Employers' Repre- sentatives. Dock, Wharf, Riverside and 1893. > Hull . . General Labour- ei'n Union. so; Fish dock Fishing Vessel Trawl Fishermen's July 19. '97. workers. Owners' Assoc., Protective Soc. Ltd. 183 Llanelly .. Dock labourers Two Employers . . Dock, Wharf, Oct. 13, '99. Riverside and General Labour- ers' Union. 50 Middlesbrough Dock labourers Master Stevedores Dock, Wharf, Riverside and General Labour- ers' Union. 17 Severn Trowmen and Employers' Repre- Dock, Wharf, Oct. 1, 92. riverside sentatives. Riverside and workers. General Labour- 1 | ers' Union. 212 Dundee Dock labourers Shipowners', Nat. Union of i Jan., '00. B r o k e r s' and Dock Labourers. Stevedores' Re- presentatives. MISCELLANEOUS. 73, i Oil-cake workers Seed Gnu- hers ijDock, Wharf, < Dec. 28. '96. TT,,11 J f Riverside and ( rlUll . . . . < ( Geneial Labour- ) as) ( Do. do. ers' Union. ( Nov. 20, '91. 148 Aberdeen Saddlers .. .. Ten Master Sad- Saddlers' Union . . Mav 5, '99. dlers. * Agreement constituting a Conciliation Board. 208 PUBLICATIONS ON LABOUR QUESTIONS. APPENDIX II. PRINCIPAL BOARD OF TRADE PUBLICATIONS ON LABOUR QUESTIONS. The following are among the principal Publications relating to Labour Questions, which have been, or are about to be, published by the Board of Trade. MONTHLY JOURNAL. The u LABOUR GAZETTE "the Journal of the Labour Depart- ment of the Board of Trade published on the 15th of each month. May be ordered through any newsagent, price If/., or obtained direct from the Publishers, Messrs. Horace Marshall & Son, Temple House, Temple Avenue, London, E.G., at the rate of 2