IRLF B 3 027 American Society of Municipal Improvements, 1914 Specifications for BRICK PAVING ^Adopted October 8, 1914 These specifications will be modified from time to time to keep them fully up to date. Suggestions as to modi- fications or additions are solicited and should be sent to the Secretary, or to E. H. Christ, Norris Building, Grand Rapids, Mich., Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Specifications for Brick Paving, and GEORGE W. TILLSON Boro Hall, Brooklyn, N. Y. Chairman of General Committee on Standard Specifications COPYRIGHTED, 1914 (Any municipality will be given free permission to use these specifications or any part of them upon application to the Secretary.) PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY CHARLES CARROLL BROWN, Secretarr 702 WULSIN BUILDING INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA Press if S. E. Tate Printing Company Manhattan Building Milwaukee : - ...:' . : \: Modifications of these Specifications made in 1915 REPORT OF SUB-COMMITTEE ON SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICK PAVING. Your sub-committee on brick specifications respectfully submits the following report: We have received no suggestions or criticisms during the past year of the brick specifications as adopted by this society in 1914 from any active member of this society. We have, however, received from the Brick Committee of the National Paving Brick Mfrs. Association several suggestions for modification. These have been given due consideration. We would recommend that the following changes be made: Page 3, Section 1, first line; omit the words "strictly No. 1 Pavers." Inasmuch as cities use different abrasion tests, this term is confusing, because what would be a No. 1 paver for one city, might be considered a No. 2 for another city. Last paragraph of Section 2, page 4, and third line; add the words "and inspection" after the words "test" also "tests." Page 17, second paragraph, third line; change the words "one-half days" to "two hours." Page 20, add to note to engineers, "where a cement grout filler is used, a repress or wire-cut-lug block or brick may be used. During the past year quite a number of brick pavements have been laid on a mortar bed cushion. Your committee is investigating this method of construction. We are not prepared to make any recom- mendations at this time, and will appreciate it if the members of this society will communicate with this committee in regard to their experience with this class of construction. E. H. Christ, Chairman. F. J. Cellarius, S. Cameron Corson, Henrv Maetzel. 2J SPECIFICATIONS FOR BRICK PAVING. PART I. THE BRICK. CHARACTER OF BRICK. 1. All brick must be strictly No. 1 pavers of the sizes commercially known as "vitrified block," and "brick," the widths of which must not vary more than one-eight (%) of an inch. They must be thoroughly annealed, tough and dur- able, regular in size, shape and evenly burned. When broken, the brick shall show a dense, stone-like body, free from lime, air-pockets, cracks or marked lamina- tions. They must not be fire flashed, smoked or treated in any manner tending to give artificially a uniform color outside. Kiln marks must not exceed three-sixteenths (3-16) of an inch, and one edge at least shall show but slight kiln marks. All brick so distorted in burning as to lay unevenly in the pave- ment shall be rejected. The standard size of brick shall be two and one-half (2%) inches in width, four (4) inches in depth and eight and one- half (8%) inches in length; and the standard size of block three and one-half (3%) inches in width, four (4) inches in depth, and eight and one-half (8%) inches in length. They shall not vary from these dimensions to exceed one-eighth of an inch in width and depth, and not 'more than one-half (%) inch in length. If the edges of the brick are rounded, the radius shall not exceed three sixteenths (3-16) of an inch. Only brick with raised lugs on one side not to exceed one- fourth (14) inch in height shall be used. INSPECTION. 2. All brick shall be subject to thorough inspection before and after laying and rolling, and all rejected material shall be immediately removed from the street. 3 Factory, inspection of brick including the rattler test shall be made if in the judgment of the Engineer it be expedient. This test shall, however, in no wise prevent further tests of the brick after they have been received upon the improvement, if in the judgmeent of the Engineer such is warranted. DELIVERY OF BRICK. The brick shall be hauled, carefully unloaded by hand, and neatly piled on the walks or outside of the curbs before the grading is finished, and in laying be carried from there to the pavement. RATTLER TEST FOR BLOCK SIZE. 4. The brick shall not lose of their weight more than 22 per cent, after being submitted to the following tests, pro- vided, however, that brick from any one factory and used in any one improvement shall not vary more than eight (8) points. Samples of brick of uniform shape and appearance shall be taken from each car tested (estimated at 10,000 brick).' Brick having a defect that would cull them shall not be used. Three grades of samples shall be tested, one of the softest, one of the medium and one of the hardest burned. If all of the tests overrun the above percentage of loss, the car shall be rejected. If one or two of the tests overrun, another test of said grade or grades shall be made. Should only one of these tests overrun the specified percentages of loss, the con- tractor may cull said grade, provided they do not exceed ten (10) per cent, of the amount of brick in the car, and deliver the balance on the improvement. Otherwise the whole car will be rejected. In order to prevent the continued shipments of inferior brick, only two cars of two separate shipments of any make of brick will be tested. Should they fail to meet the require- ments stated above said make of brick will be rejected for this improvement. 4 NUMBER AND CONDITION OF BRICK. 5. Ten (10) paving brick shall constitute the number to be used in a single test. The brick shall be thoroughly dried for at least three (3) hours in a temperature of one hundred (100) degrees Fahrenheit before testing. TESTS BEFORE UNLOADING. 6. The contractor shall notify the proper city official of the location and car number of each carload of brick received, so that samples, if deemed necessary, may be taken and tested by the city, and no brick shall be delivered on or adjacent to any improvement on which brick are to be used until a writ- ten statement has been received from the Engineer or his au- thorized representative, that they have been superficially in- spected or have passed the required tests. Decision relative to each carload will be made within twenty-four (24) hours of notice. Permission to deliver brick on the line of work shall not be considered a final acceptance in any respect. MAKING THE RATTLER TEST. 7. The Rattler. The machine shall be of good mechanical construction, self-contained, and shall conform to the follow- ing details of material and dimensions, and shall consist of barrel, frame and driving mechanism as herein described. The Barrel The barrel of the machine shall be made up of the heads, headliners and staves. The heads shall be cast with trunions in one piece. The trunion bearings shall not be less than two and one-half (2^) inches in diameter or less than six (6) inches in length. The heads shall not be less than three-fourths (%) inch thick nor more than seven-eighths (%) inch. In outline they shall be a regular fourteen (14) sided polygon inscribed in a circle twenty-eight and three-eighths (28%) inches in di- ameter. The heads shall be provided with flanges not less than three-fourths (%) inch thick and extending outward two and one-half (2y 2 ) inches from the inside face of head to af- 5 ford a means of fastening the staves. The . flanges shall be slotted on the outer edge, so as to provide for two (2) three- fourths (%) inch bolts at each end of each stave, said slots to be thirteen-sixteenths (13-16) inch wide and two and three- fourths (2%) inches center to center. Under each section of the flanges there shall be a brace three-eighths (%) inch thick and extending down the outside of the head not less than two (2) inches. Each slot shall be provided with recess for bolt head, which shall act to prevent the turning of the same. There shall be for each head a cast iron headliner one (1) inch in thickness and conforming to the outline of the head, but inscribed in a circle twenty-eight and one-eighth (28%) inches in diameter. This liner or wear plate shall be fastened to the head by seven (7) five-eighths (%) inch cap screws, through the head from the outside. These wear plates, when- ever they become worn down one-half (^2) m ch below their initial surface level, at any point of their surface, must be replaced with new. The metal of which these wear plates are to be composed shall be what is know as hard machinery iron and must contain not less than one(l) per cent, of com- bined carbon. The faces of the polygon must be smooth and give uniform bearing for the staves. To secure the desired uniform bearing the faces of the ftead may be ground or ma- chined. The Staves The staves shall be made of six (6) inch me- dium steel structural channels twenty-seven and one-fourth (27 1 / 4) inches long and weighing fifteen and five-tenths (15.5) pounds per lineal foot. The channels shall be drilled with holes thirteen-sixteenths (13-16) inch in diameter, two (2) in each end, for bolts to fasten same to head, the center line of the holes being one (1) inch from either end and one and three-eighths (1%) inches either way from the longitudinal center line. The spaces between the staves will be determined by the accuracy of the heads, but not exceed five-sixteenths (5-16) inch. The interior or flat side of each channel must be pro- 6 tected by a lining or wear plate three-eighths ('%) inch thick by five and one-half (5%) inches wide by nineteen and three- fourths (19%) inches long!. The wear plate shall consist of medium steel plate and shall be riveted to the channel by three (3) one-half (%) inch rivets, one of which shall be on the center line both ways and the other two on the longitud- inal center line and spaced seven (7) inches from the center each way. The rivet holes shall be counter-sunk on the face of the wear plate and the rivets shall be driven hot and chipped off flush with the surface of the wear plate. These wear plates shall be inspected from time to time and if found loose shall be at once re-riveted, but no wear plate shall be re- placed by a new one except as the whole set is changed. No set of wear plates shall be used for more than one hundred and fifty (150) tests under any circumstances. The record must show the date when each set of wear plates goes into service and the number of tests made upon each set. The staves when bolted to the heads shall form a barrel twenty (20) inches long, inside measurement, between wear plates. The wear plates of the staves must be so placed as to drop between the wear plates of the heads. These staves shall be bolted tightly to the heads by four (4) three-fourths (%) inch bolts and each bolt shall be provided with lock nuts and shall be inspected at not less frequent intervals than every fifth (5th) test and all nuts kept tight. A record shall be made after each such inspection, showing in what condition the bolts were found. The Frame and Driving Mechanism The barrel shall be mounted on a cast-iron frame of sufficient strength and rigid- ity to support same without undue vibration. This shall rest on a rigid foundation and be fastened to same by bolts at not less than four points. It shall be driven by gearing whose ratio of driver to driven shall not be less than one (1) to four (4). The counter shaft upon which the driving pinion is mounted shall not be less than one and fifteen-sixteenths (1 15-16) inches in diameter, 7 with bearings not less than six (6) inches in length and belt driven and the pulley shall not be less than eighteen (18) inches in diameter and six and one-half (6%) inches in face. A belt of six (6) inch double-strength leather, properly ad- justed so as to avoid unnecessary slipping, shall be used. THE ABRASIVE CHARGE. 8. The abrasive charge shall consist of two sizes of cast- iron spheres. The larger size shall be three and seventy-five hundredth (3.75) inches in diameter when new and shall weigh when new approximately seven and five-tenths (7-5) pounds (3.40 kilos) each. Ten shall be used. These shall be weighed separately after each ten tests, and if the weight of any large shot falls to seven (7) pounds (3.175 kilos) it shall be discarded and a new one substituted; provided, however, that all of the large shot shall not be dis- carded and substituted by new ones at any single time, and that so far as possible the large shots shall compose a grad- uated series in various stages of wear. The smaller size sphere shall be, when new, one and eight hundred seventy-five thousands (1.875) inches in diameter and shall weigh not to exceed ninety-five hundredths (0.95) pound (0.430 kilo) each. Of these spheres so many shall be used as will bring the collective weight of the large and small spheres most nearly to three hundred (300) pounds, provided that no small sphere shall be retained in use after it has been worn down so that it will pass a circular hole one and seventy-five hundredths (1.75) inches in diameter, drilled in cast iron plate une-fourth (!/4) inch in thickness, or weigh less than seventy- five hundredths (0.75) pound (or 0.34 kilo.) Further the small spheres shall be tested after every ten tests, by passing them over such an iron plate drilled with such holes, or by weighing, and any which pass through or fall below the speci- fied weight shall be replaced by new spheres; provided, fur- ther, that all of the small spheres shall not be rejected and replaced by new ones at any one time, and that so far as 8 possible the small spheres shall compose a graduated series in various stages of wear. If at any time any sphere is found to be broken or defective ilf shall at once be replaced. The iron composing these sphere shall have a chemical composition within the following limits: Per Cent. Combined carbon not less thar. 2.50 Graphitic carbon not more than 0.10 Silicon not more than 1.00 Manganese not more than 0.50 Phosphorous not more t^an 0.25 Sulphur not more than 0.08 For each new batch of spheres used the chemical analysis must be furnished by the maker, or be obtained by the user, before introduction into the charge; and unless the analysis meets the above specifications, the batch of spheres shall be rejected. THE TEST. 9. The rattler -shall be rotated at a rate of not less than 29% nor more than 30% revolutions per minute, and 1,800 revolutions shall constitute the standard test. A counting machine shall be attached to the rattler for counting the revolutions. A margin of not to exceed ten revolutions will be allowed for stopping. In case a charge is allowed to run several min- utes beyond its proper termination, and the loss incurred is still within the prescribed limits, then the test shall not be discarded, but the fact shall be entered on the record. Slopping and Starting Only one start and stop per test is regular and acceptable. If from accidental causes a test is stopped and started twice extra, and the loss exceeds the max- imum permissible, the test shall be disqualified and another made. THE RESULTS. 10. The loss shall be calculated in percentage of the orig- inal weight of the dried brick composing the charge. In 9 weighing the rattled brick, any piece weighing less than one (1) pound shall be rejected. THE RECORD. 11. Description The operator shall keep an official book, in which the alternate pages are perforated for removal. The record shall be kept in duplicate, by use of a carbon paper be- tween the first and second sheets, and when all entries are made and calculations are completed, the original record shall be removed and the carbon duplicate preserved in the book. All calculations must be made in the space left for that pur- pose in the record blank, and the actual figures must appear. The record must bear its serial number and be filled out com- pletely for each test and all data as to dates of inspections, weighing of shot, and replacement of worn out parts must be carefully entered, so that the records remaining in the book constitute a continuous one. In event of further copies of a record being needed, they may be furnished on separate sheets, but in no case shall the original q,arbon copy be re- moved froom the record book. The blank form upon which the record of all official brick tests is to be kept and reported is as follows: REPORT OF STANDARD RATTLER TEST OF PAVING BRICK. IDENTIFICATION DATA (Serial No. ) Name of firm furnishing sample Name of the firm manufacturing sample Street or job which sample represents Brands or marks on the brick Quantity furnished Drying treatment Date received Date tested Length Breadth Thickness STANDARDIZATION DATA. Number of charges tested since last inspection Weight of charge (after standardization) . 10 Condition of locknuts on staves Condition of scales Ten large spheres ^ Small spheres .- Total Number of charges tested since stave linings were renewed. . '. Repairs (Note any repairs affecting the condition of the barrel) RUNNING DATA. Revolution Running notes, Time readings Counter Stops, etc. hour minutes seconds Readings Beginning of test Final reading WEIGHTS AND , CALCULATIONS. Initial weight of ten bricks Final weight of same Loss of weight Percentage loss Note: (The calculations must appear.) Number of broken bricks and remarks on same I certify that the foregoing test was made under the specifications of and is a true record. Signature of Tester Date Location of Laboratory PART II. CONSTRUCTION OF THE PAVEMENT. FOUNDATION. 12. The cement used shall conform to the requirements specified in Section 21. The fine aggregate shall consist of any material of siliceous or igneous origin, free from mica in excess of five per cent., and other impurities, uniformly graded, the particles ranging in size from 14 inch to that which will pass a No. 100 standard sieve. The coarse aggregate shall be sound gravel, broken stone or slag, having a specific gravity 11 of not less than 2.6. It shall be free from all foreign matter, uniformly graded, and shall range in size from 14 i ncn up, the largest particles not to exceed in any dimension one-half the thickness of the concrete in place. In preparing the concrete, the cement and aggregate shall be measured separately and then mixed in such proportions that the resulting concrete shall contain fine aggregate amount- ing to one-half of the volume of the coarse aggregate; and that seven cubic feet of concrete in place will contain ninety- four pounds of cement. The ingredients of the concrete shall be thoroughly mixed, sufficient water being added to obtain the desired consistency, and the mixing continued until the materials are uniformly distributed, and each particle of the fine aggregate is thor- oughly coated with cement, and each particle of the coarse aggregate is thoroughly coated with mortar. When a mechanical concrete mixer is used, the materials must be proportioned dry, and then deposited in the mixer all at the same time. The mixer must produce a concrete of uniform consistency and color, with the stones thoroughly mixed with the water, sand and cement. The materials shall be mixed wet enough to produce a con- crete of a consistency that will flush readily under light tamp- ing, but which can be handled without causing a separation of the coarse aggregate from the mortar. Re-tempering, that is, remixing with additional water, mortar or concrete that has partially hardened, will not be permitted. The concrete shall be deposited in a layer on the sub-grade in such quantities that, after being thoroughly rammed in place, it will be of the required thickness, and the upper sur- face shall be true, uniform and parallel with the surface of the finished pavement. In conveying the concrete from the place of mixing to the place of deposit, the operation must be conducted in such a manner that no mortar will be lost and the concrete must be 12 so handled that the foundation will be of uniform composition throughout, showing no excess nor lack of mortar in any place. The foundation shall be finches in thickness, with its upper surface finished parallel to and 5y 2 inches below the grade of the finished pavement. When complete, the foundation shall be kept moist for not less than 2 days and it shall be protected from traffic until the concrete has thoroughly set. No concrete shall be mixed while the air temperature is below 32 Fahr., and in no case shall any material contain- ing frost be used; and if this temperature is reached at any time before the foundation shall have been thoroughly set, it shall be immediately provided with such covering as will pro- tect it from all damage. In no event shall a concrete foundation be laid on a frozen sub-grade. SAND CUSHION. 13. Over the foundation, which must be thoroughly . cleaned, shall be spread to a uniform depth of one and one-half (1%) inches (after rolling) a cushion of clea-n, sharp sand, free from foreign matter except that it may contain not to exceed 10 per cent, of loam. The sand must be fairly well graded from one-quarter (*4) inch to that which will be re- tained on No. 50 standard mesh sieve. The word "sand" in- cludes broken stone or slag meeting the specified grading. The cushion shall be carefully shaped to a true cross-sec- tion of the roadway by means of a template having a steel faced edge, covering at least one-half (1/2) the width of the brick work, and so fitted with rollers as to be easily drawn on the curb and guide timbers or rail. 14. Template The template shall be built in substantial accordance with plan accompanying these specifications. 15. Guide Timbers Guide timbers shall be one and one- half (iy 2 ) inches by four (4) inches by sixteen (16) feet, dressed on two sides, laid to a true surface in the center of 13 the street, and also next to the curb if the curb cannot be used. 16. Shaping Cushion Before shaping the cushion a one- half (%) inch strip shall be laid on the curb, and guide tim- bers, or rail, and the template drawn over the same, after which the one-half (1/2) inch strip shall be removed, the cush- ion slightly moistened and rolled over its entire surface with a hand roller. The roller shall not be less than thirty-six (36) inches in diameter, twenty-four (24) inches in width, and shall weigh not less than ten (10) pounds per inch in width, and have a handle twelve (12) feet in length. After rolling, the template shall be drawn over the curb and guide timbers or rail, to complete the cushion. The cushion shall be prepared at least fifty (50) feet in advance of the brick laying. LAYING THE BRICK. 17. The brick shall be laid in straight lines on edge, at right angles to the curb. At intersections they shall be laid as directed. Brick shall be laid with the lug sides all in the same direction. Brick must be placed close together, both ends and sides, breaking joints at least three (3) inches*. At every fourth course the brick shall be driven together to se- cure tight joints and straight courses, and all thick brick shall be removed. Brick shall be used with the best edge up. Broken, chipped or warped brick, not suitable to lay as a whole, may be used for batting. When any section shall contain more than ten (10) per cent, of culls, the brick shall be taken up and the cushion ad- justed. Brick shall be laid from curb to curb, or car track to curb. No bats or broken brick shall be used except at curbs or at street car tracks. Batting for closures shall immediately follow the laying. Joints shall be cut square with the top and sides of the brick. All joints must be kept clean and open to the bottom until filled as specified. 14 STREET CAR TRACKS. 18. Along the street car tracks the brick must not be laid within one-quarter (!/4) of an inch of the rail, and when rblled shall be one-quarter (1,4) inch below the top of the rail. The space between the web of the rail and the brick shall be filled with cement mortar, consisting of two (2) parts sand and one (1) part Portland cement. The mortar shall be in proper condition and the edge constructed to a straight line before the brick are laid. EXPANSION JOINTS FOR CEMENT GROUT FILLER. 19. Expansion joints shall be placed parallel with and at each of the curb lines, and shall be one and one-half (1%) inches in width. The joints shall be made by placing together on edge, parallel with the crub, two wedge-shaped strips six (6) inches in width, and dressed on two faces. The strip next to the curb shall be one (1) inch wide on top, beveled to a thickness of one-half (Vv) inch at the bottom, and the strip next to the brick shall be of the same dimensions and placed in a reverse position. The brick shall be laid lightly against said strips. Soon after the pavement has been grouted and the cement filler has set, and the pavement is in all other re- spects finished, the strips shall be removed, the joints thor- oughly cleaned out, and immediately completely filled with a bituminous filler composed of a material which, when pen- etrated by a No. 2 needle under a weight of 200 grams for one (1) minute at a temperature of 32 Fahr., will have a penetration of not less than 20, and when penetrated by a No. 2 needle under 50 grams for five (5) seconds in a tem- perature of 115 Fahr., will not have a penetration of over 100. A premolded expansion strip made of a material unaffected by the action of water or street liquids may be used along each curb line, if it meets all the requirements for the joint filler herein specified. These strips shall not be less than three- 15 quarters (%) of an inch in width for a thirty (30) foot street or under, increasing proportionately in width to one and one- half (l ] /2) inches in width for a fifty (50) foot street or over. ROLLING. 20. After the brick in the pavement have been passed for rolling and the surface swept clean, the pavement shall be rolled with a roller weighing not less than three (3) nor more than five (5) tons, in the following manner: The brick next the curb shall be tamped with a hard wood tamper, to the proper grade. The rolling shall then commence near the curb at a very slow pace, and continue back and forth toward the center, until the center of the street is reached; then, passing to the opposite curb, it shall be repeated in the same manner to the center of the street. After this first passing of the roller the pace may be quickened and the rolling continued until the brick pavement has a smooth surface. The pave- ment shall then be rolled transversely at an angle of forty- five (45) degrees from curb to curb, repeating the rolling in the opposite forty-five (45) degree direction. Before and af- ter this transverse rolling has taken place, all broken or in- jured brick must be taken up and replaced with perfect ones. The substitute brick must be brought to the true surface by tamping. After final rolling the pavement shall be tested with a ten (10) foot straight edge, laid parallel with the curb, and any depression exceeding one-quarter (^) of an inch must be taken out. If necessary, the pavement shall be again rolled. PORTLAND CEMENT GROUT FILLER. 21a. The filler shall be composed of one part each of fine, clean, sharp sand and Portland cement. The cement shall meet the requirements of the standard specifications for Portland cement of the American Society for Testing Materials, adopted August 16, 1909, with subse- quent amendments. 16 The sand shall be clean and sharp, fairly well graded from that passing a 20 standard sieve to that retained on a 100 standard sieve. Sand shall Be measured in a box having the same cubical contents as one sack of cement. Before any grouting is done, a sufficient amount of cement and an equal amount of sand to complete the work prepared for grouting at that time, but not to exceed one-half (%) day's run shall be thoroughly mixed dry until the mass assumes a uniform color. From this mixture an amount not exceeding two (2) cubic feet shall be taken and placed in the grouting box and enough clean water added to obtain a grout that will penetrate to the bottom of the brick. From the time the water is applied until all is removed and floated into the joints of the pavement, the mixture must be kept in constant motion. A mechanical mixer approved by the Engineer that will me.et these requirements may be used after the dry mixture of sand and cement has been made. Before the grout is applied the brick shall be thoroughly wet by being gently sprayed. The water shall be added to this dry mixture in a box preferably about four (4) feet, eight (8) inches long, thirty (30) inches wide, and fourteen (14) inches deep, resting on legs of different lengths, so that the mixture will rapidly flow to the lower corner of the box, the bottom of which shall be about three (3) inches above the pavement. One box shall be used for each fourteen (14) feet in width of roadway, and at least two (2) boxes must be used in all cases. The grout shall be removed from the box with scoop shov- els and applied to the brick in front of the sweepers, who shall rapidly sweep it lengthwise of the brick into the unfilled joints, until the joints are filled to within not more than one-half (%) inch of the top of the brick. After the grout has had a chance to settle into the joint and before the initial set devel- ops, the balance of every joint shall be filled with a thicker grout, and, if necessary, refilled, until the joints remain full to the top. After this application has had time to settle and before the initial set takes place, the pavement shall be finished to a 17 smooth surface with a squeegee or wooden scraper having a rubber edge, which shall be worked over the brick at an an- gle with the brick. When completed and the cement has received its initial set, the pavement shall be covered with a one-half (%) inch layer of sand, which shall be frequently sprinkled in warm weather. No travel shall be permitted on the pavement for a period of at least seven (7) days after grouting, or longer, as the Engineer may require on account of weather condi- tions. Ample barricades and watchmen shall be provided by the contractor for the proper protection to the grouting. COAL TAR PAVING PITCH FILLER. 21b. The joints or spaces between the bricks, and those between the bricks and the curb, railroad tracks, around man- holes, etc., shall be filled with coal tar paving pitch, which shall comply with the following requirements : Physical Properties When in place in the pavement, it shall be of such character that it will adhere firmly to the paving brick and to the curb, and shall be sufficiently plastic to allow for the contraction and expansion in the pavement without developing cracks in the joints. The filler shall be such that it retain its consistency under extreme temperature. It shall be proof against action by water and all acids and alkalis to which the pavement may be exposed. The free carbon shall not be less than 25 per cent, nor more than 40 per cent. The specific gravity shall not be less than 1.23 nor more than 1.30 at 60 Fahr. Melting Point It shall have a melting point varying not more than 5 degrees from 135 Fahr., determined by the cube method (hereinafter described). Methods of Use The filler shall be heated and poured into the joints to the full depth thereof, at a temperature of not less than 300 Fahr., nor greater than 350 Fahr. All joints shall be completely filled at the top. The top dressing of sand 18 shall be spread over the pavement immediately after the filler is applied and while it is still soft. In cold weather the sand shall be heated so as to readily bond with the pitch. Extra care shall be used at the gutters and around catch basins, etc., to effectually prevent the leakage of water into the sub-road- way. Test For Melting Point of Pitch Filler A clean shaped one- half inch cube of the pitch is to be formed in the mold and suspended in the beaker so that the bottom of the pitch to be tested is one (1) inch above the bottom of the beaker. The pitch is to remain for five (5) minutes in water of a tem- perature of 60 Fahr. before heat is applied. Heat is to be applied in such a manner that the temperature of the water is raised 9 Fahr. each minute. The temperature recorded by the thermometer at the instant the pitch touches the bottom of the beaker to be considered the melting point. ASPHALT FILLER. 21c. The interstices of the brick shall be completely filled with an asphalt filler heated to a temperature of not less than 350 Fahr. nor more than 450 Fahr. This asphalt filler shall not contain pitch nor any part of coal tar. It shall contain at least ninety-eight (98) per cent, of bitumen soluble in car- bon bisulphide. It shall remain pliable at all temperatures to which it may be subjected as a street paving filler; it shall be absolutely proof against water and street liquids ; it shall firmly adhere to the brick and be pliable rather than rigid. Care shall be exercised to completely fill all openings around street structures and the street shall not be used for traffic until the filler is completely set. A top dressing of sand shall be spread immediately after the filler is applied and while it is still soft. The penetration shall conform to the following: No. 2 needle, 5 sec., 100 grams at 77 R, 25 to 60. No. 2 needle, 1 min., 200 grams at 32 F., not below 25. No. 2 needle, 5 sec., 20 grams at 115 F., not above 110. 19 MAINTENANCE. 22. The period of guaranty shall be five (5) rears. Dur- ing the period of guaranty, whenever the surface of a vitri- fied brick pavement becomes uneven, holding water one-fourth (!/4) of an inch or more in depth in a distance of four feet or less, or when the pavement has settled over trenches ex- isting previous to the completion of the pavement, then the brick shall be taken up and relaid to proper crown and grade. Any brick which may be found soft, unsound, broken or disintegrated, and all portions of the pavement which may have become rough by reason of the chipping or breaking of the edges of the brick, so as to produce joints exceeding one- half (y<>) inch at a point one-quarter (14) inch below the sur- face of the brick, shall be removed, and properly replaced with sound material. NOTE All castings for manholes, catchbasins, etc., shall not be im- bedded in the concrete foundation. They shall be made to rest on top of the foundation to allow the pavement to expand uniformly, thereby avoiding the cracking and crushing of the brick. NOTE TO ENGINEER Section 1. Whenever the word "brick" is used in the specification it is intended to refer to either brick or block, which- ever may be used, except in Section 4. Section 4. Where medium or light traffic or other conditions exist which, in the opinion of the Engineer, do not require a brick capable of giving an abrasive loss of only 22 per cent., brick of a quality which will give a loss of "25 per cent, or even 28 per cent, may be used. Inasmuch as the committee has not made any tests of the brick size, it is not prepared to recommend specific abrasion loss for that size. Section 21. While the committee is in favor of a cement grout filler, it believes that where conditions do not favor the use of the same, a bituminous filler may be used, for which it recommends Section 21b or 21c in place of 21a. 20 RETURN TO* MAIN CIRCULATION ALL BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO RECALL RENEW BOOKS BY CALLING 642-3405 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW hii3Qe 2 to 4TfcrtL WW W0 5 '9< AlITODISCCIRC OCT 3 6 '94 FORM NO. DD6 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKELEY, CA 94720 "iff 3 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY