THE lOO SUBSCRIBERS. I. HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN. 2. H. W. Adnit, Esq., Lystonville, Shrewsbury. 3. William A. Abram, Esq., Blackburn. 4. AsHER & Co., Berlin, for Royal Library, Berlin. 5. Professor Angus, Regent's Park College, London. 6. H. F. Bailey, Esq., London. 7. J. E. Bailey, Esq., F.S.A., Manchester. 8. Balliol College, Oxford, per Rev. T. K. Cheyne, M.A. 9. Blackburn Free Library, per Mr. David Geddes, Librarian. 10. Bodleian Library, Oxford, per Rev. H. O. Coxe, M.A. 11. Boston Athen^um, Mass., U.S.A., per E. G. Allen, Esq. 12. Boston Public Library, Mass., U.S.A., per Low, Son & Co. 13. Henry Bradshaw, Esq., M.A., for University Library, Cambridge. 14. W. E. Briggs, Esq^ M.P., Harrow-on-the-Hill. 15. British Museum, London. 16. Thomas Brocklebank, Junr., Esq., Liverpool. 17. W. Cunliffe Brooks, Esq., Manchester. 18. H. T. Hamilton-Bruce, Esq., Edinburgh. 19. His Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, Dalkeith Palace. 20. Rev. W. E. Buckley, M.A., Middleton Cheney. 21. The most Honble. the Marquis of Bute, London. LIS! OF SUBSCRIBERS. 22. J. H. Chamberlain, Esq., Birmingham. 23. Chetham Library, Manchester. 24. Corpus Christi College, per Robert Laing, Esq. 25. Thomas Chorlton, Esq., Manchester. 26. The Lord Coleridge, London. 27. Archibald Constable, Esq., Edinburgh. 28. F. W. Cosens, Esq., London. 29. The right Honble. Viscount Cranbrook, London. 30. James Crossley, Esq., F.S.A., Manchester. 31. Darwen Free Library, per the Mayor. 32. The right Honble. the Earl of Derby, Knowsley. 33. His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., Chatsworth. 34. The Rev. Dr. Dickson, Glasgow University. 35. The Rev. J. W. Ebsworth, M.A., Molash Vicarage. 36. C. H. Elt, Esq., London. 37. Exeter College, Oxford, per Rev. C. Boase, M.A. 38. His Honour Judge Falconer, Usk. 39. Miss Ffarington, Worden. 40. Executors of late John Fish, Esq., Philadelphia, P'a., U.S.A. 41. F. F. Fox, Esq., Bristol. 42. H. H. FuRNESs, Esq., Philadelphia, P'a., U.S.A. 43. Samuel A. Gardiner, Esq., M.A., London. 44. H. HucKs Gibbs, Esq., London. 45. GoTTiNGEN University, per Asher & Co. 46. Edmund W. Gosse, Esq., London. 47. Rev. Dr. Grosart (Editor). 48. Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A., per Trubner & Co. 49. Late William Harrison, Esq., F.S.A., Samlesbury Hall, per Henry Harrison, Esq. 50. Benjamin Haynes, Esq., Clevedon. 51. C. E. H. Chadwyck Healey, Esq., London. 52. The Lord Houghton, Fryston Hall, Ferrybridge. 53. R. Hopwood Hutchinson, Esq., J. P., Rochdale. 54. Dr. Ingleby, Valentines, Ilford. 55. Richard Johnson, Esq., Chislehurst. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 56. John Kershaw, Esq., London. 57. John Kershaw, Esq., Cross Gates, Audenshaw. 58. Charles Lilburne, Esq., Sunderland. 59. F. de Mussenden Leathes, Esq., London. 60. W. J. Linton, Esq., Newhaven, Conn., U.S.A. 61. The most Honble. the Marquis of Lothian, Newbattle Abbey. 62. John E. T. Loveday, Esq., Williamscote, Banbury. 63. J. Mansfield Mackenzie, Esq., Edinburgh. 64. F. Madan, Esq., M.A., Brasenose College, Oxford. 65. Free Library, Manchester, per Mr. C. W. Sutton. 66. T. A. Middleton, Esq., London. 67. Professor Morley, London. 68. John Morison, Esq., Glasgow. 69. Herbert New, Esq., Evesham. 70. Rev. Horace Newton, M.A., Beechwood, Driffield. 71. G. W. Nichols, Esq., The Ham, Cowbridge. 72. Dr. Brinsley Nicholson, London. 73. John Oakey, Junr., Esq., London. 74. Cornelius Paine, Esq., Brighton. 75. Peabody Institute, Baltimore, M'd., U.S.A., per E. G. Allen, Esq. j6. Albert Pike, Esq., Washington, U.S.A. 77. Rev. James Porter, M.A., Master of Peterhouse, Cam- bridge. 78. Rev, W. Poole, M.A., Hentland, Ross, Herts. 79. Very Rev. Father Purbrick, Stonyhurst College. 80. Horace N. Pym, Esq., London. 81. The Reform Club, London, per H. Campkin, Esq. 82. The most Honble. the Marquis of Ripon, Studeley Royal. 83. Mr. Robert Roberts, Boston. 84. Rochdale Free Library, per Mr. George Hanson, Librarian. 85. Rev. Dr. Salisbury, Thundersley Rectory. 86. Rev. Dr. R. S. Scott, Glasgow. 87. A. G. Snelgrove, Esq., London. LIST 0\F SUBSCRIBERS. 88. Very Rev. the Dean of St. Paul's. 89. The right Honble. the Earl of St. Germans, St. Germans. 90. Algernon C. Swinburne, Esq., London. 91. C. J. Thomas, Esq., Bristol. 92. J. M. Thomson, Esq., Edinburgh. 93. Trinity College, Dublin, per Hodge, Foster & Co. 94. Frederick Vinton, Esq., for Princeton College, N.J., U.S.A. 95. R. S. Watson, Esq., Newcastle-on-Tyne. 96. James Watts, Esq., Manchester. 97. John Weston, Esq., Northwich. 98. G. H. White, Esq., Glenthorne. 99. William Wilson, Esq., Berwick-on-Tweed. 100. B. Perkins Wright, Esq., J. P., Stafford. This is to certify that the entire impression of the Poems, etc., of Richard James has been rigidly limited to 100 copies as above, and 6 Editor'' s copies, of nvhich this is No. ..OQ^. Proofs and nvaste sheets ha've been destroyed. The Poems, etc., of Richard James, B.D. ^ o c CO 111 x^ s O _1 o I 7 d UJ () CO ^ o O §: , — i >- ^ CD Ti n H < s 01 o n O ^^ THE POEMS ETC., OF RICHARD JAMES, B.D. (1592— 1638). Now for the first time collected and edited y with Introduction, Notes and Illustrations and an Etching. REV. ALEXANDER B. GROSART, LL.D. (Edin.), F.S.A., ST. George's, blackburn, Lancashire. (one hundred and six copies.) PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY. 1880. CHISWICK PRESS :— CHARLES WHITTINGHAM, TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE. WILLIAM ALEXANDER ABRAM, Esq., Fellow of the Royal Historical Society ; Corresponding Member OF THE Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire j Author of ' A History of Blackburn, Town and Parish' (i vol. 1877), etc. etc. etc. I DEDICATE THIS FIRST-MADE COLLECTION OF THE POEMS, ETC. OF RICHARD JAMES, B.D.; — whose ' Iter Lancastrense ' associates him with Lancashire — as a slight but heart-felt expression of appreciation of his labours as a BROTHER-ANTKyJARY AND AS A DEAR FRIEND OF MANY YEARS NOW WITH NO FEAR- — FROM HIM OF THE HORATIAN GIRD " amphora ccspit Inftitui : currente rota cur urceus exit?" (A. P. 22.) Alexander B. Grosart. ^^1 U'dGi)6'd8 PREFACE. HE prompt and fympathetic refponfe to my little circular of propofals for a colledlion of the Poems of Richard James, from the Subfcribers to my reproduction of the Poems of George Daniel (4 vols. 4". 1878), and of the Monar- chie of Man of Sir John Eliot (2 vols. 4^ 1879), — was a pleafant fanilion of my vi^ifh and an equally gratifying recognition of my vv^ork on thefe and others. My experi- ence is, that while it is merely to litter the fecond-hand book-fhops and ftalls with cheapened unopened copies, to print or publifh large editions of our elder literature — fave in very exceptional inftances — there yet is invariably found, aeteris paribus, a fele6l conftituency of genuine book-lovers and book-ftudents for every honeft and capable Worker in thefe fields. It were abfurd to look for very many readers of the prefent Poems, &c., but placed as they will be in great public libraries and in thofe of bona fide ftudents of our Literature — unqueftionably increafing in number, both in our own country and in America and Germany — I feel xii PREFACE. pretty confident that a ^choice few ' will turn to them with intereft and gratitude. As in the Introdu6lion I ftate, the life-long work of Richard James is his " Decanonizatio Thomas Cantuari- enfis et fuorum." In my judgment it is obligatory on the Univerfity Prefs as well as on his Colleges (of Exeter and Corpus Chrifti) to fee to it that this great hiftoric book be not much longer left to the hazards of a fmgle Manufcript : (" Heu quantum fati parva tabella vehit.") Of late years there have been not a few mafterly works on Abp. Thomas A Becket ; but none of their authors feems to have known of James's MS. Doubtlefs its publication would provoke controverfy ; for it is plain-fpoken as againft the glorifica- tion, almoft beatification of Becket that has come to be accepted. But furely it is due to the memory of a fcholar ripe and good, and a keen and penetrative intelle6t fuch as Richard James admittedly was, that his telling of the ftory and reading of ' chara£ter ' and anions fhould be acceflible. There are manifold evidences that he put his whole refources and force into the " Decanonizatio ; " and I fhall cherifh the hope of fome thoroughly-furnifhed Ox- ford fcholar undertaking its editing, annotation, and tranf- lation. " His faltem accumulem donis, et fungar inani Munere." — As invariably, my endeavour has been to reproduce the ipfijfima verba of the Author's own text — mainly, holo- graph MS. In this I have been admirably helped by Frederick Madan, Efq., M.A., Fellow of Brafenofe PREFACE. xiii College. I alfo owe him thanks for kindly undertaking a tranfcript of the Notes to Occleve's poem and of the re- markable (profe) Letter, " Reafons concerning the attempts on the Lives of great Perfonages," &c. I am further in- debted for collations and kindred afliftance to my friends the Rev. W. E. Buckley, M.A., Middleton Cheney, Banbury, and the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, M.A., Oxford. In loco, I name others w^ho have rendered willing aid. It is of the pleafures of fuch refearches and work as mine, that they often bring one into agreeable fellowfhip with erewhile ftrangers. Anything elfe requiring to be faid will be found in the Litrodudtion and fucceflxve Notes and Illuftrations. And fo in fending forth another of my editorial tafks of love, I recall Matthew Arnold's ' Second Beft ' : — " Moderate tafks and moderate leijfure, Quiet living, ftri6l-kept meafure Both in fuffering and in pleafure — 'Tis for this thy nature yearns. But fo many books thou readeft, But fo many fchemes thou breedeft, But fo many wiHies feedeft, That thy poor head almoft turns. And (the world's fo madly jangled, Human things fo faft entangled) Nature's wifli muft now be llrangled For that beft which flie difcerns. So it mnj} be 1 yet, while leading A ftrain'd life, while overfeeding, Like the reft, his wit with reading, No fmall profit that man earns, V PREFACE. Who through all he meets can fteer him, Can rejefl what cannot clear him, Cling to what can truly cheer him ! Who each day more furely learns That an impulfe, from the diftance Of his deepeft, heft exiftence, To the words ' Hope, Light, Perfiftence,' Strongly ftirs and truly burns !" A. B. G. Veftry, St. George's. BhhCYi'&vViii, January 25/^, 1880. '^^M ^^ ^ ^ ^^^m^^^i "^M ^^^^ L^p W ^ M 2^S^^ Wm ^^M pMBi ^^ ^t^ ^m ^jj^wwaiW^^C^^ ^^^ iJfti^^MS CONTENTS. Diftribution of the loo copies {Fly-leaf) Dedication to William A. Abram, Elq, Preface .... Introduflion. — I. Biographica II. Critical Appendix I. Iter Lancaftrenfe Notes and liluftrations II. The Mufes Dirge Notes and liluftrations III. The Legend and Defence of Sir Jhon Oldcaftell Obfervations upon Hoccleve IV. Of Shakefpeare V. Of Felton and Buckingham VI. Poems and Tranilations from James MS. No. 35 the Bodleian Library ..... An Apologie for a Looking Glafle . A Trandation of Lucretius or Ritterhufius in his Notes upon Ifidore Pelufiota . A Defence of Red Haire .... To Mr. Anthonye White .... A funerall meditation on Richard Windfore To Captaine Jhon Smith .... The Dedication of a Sermon to Mr Selden To Mr. I. 8 To Mr. Benj : Jhonfon .... An Execration on Marie of Colmogorod An Execration of Hott Water . A Confultation with mylelf, when I was confined into clofe keeping by y'= Lords PAGE i-iv JX xi xvii Ixi Ixxxvii I 19 107 131 133 161 189 19s 201 203 207 213 216 217 219 219 220 221 222 223 224 CONTENTS. Poems and Tranflations — continued. A niew yeeres Song for a Prince To Albina .... To Albina .... Anacreon's Foliie To Mr. Philip Woodhoufe An Anniveriarie of Marridge to Mr. Philip Woodhoufe ..... Vppon Death and Dijnge . Palladas Epigr. on y'= Same Archias Ep. vppon humane life . Greek Ep. vppon y* Same Pofidippus on Humane Life Metrodoriis on Humane Life Greek Epigr. on ExcefTe . Bizantinus Gr, ep. againft flatterers . Palladas Ep. on Pride of Men . An Ep. of ye Same Subje6l and Perfon On Flatterers of GreatnefTe Nicarchus his Ep. on Partes Greeke Ep. on Wine On Altefa a Noble commelye Ladye . On King Charles his recoverie of y*' fmale poxe A funerall Elegie on Yonge Jack Simpfon Vppon a SlothfuU Hufljand (till calling his Wife Chicke .... To Cap' David Gilbert, Scot To Mr Daniel Clutterbooke VIL Sacred Poems .... A Good Friday Thought . A Chriftmaffe CaroU A Hymne on Chrift's Afcenfion Vin. Latin Poems: with additions from Bodleian MSB. IX. Reafons concerning the attempts on the Lives of great Perfonages .... Notes and Illuftrations 225 226 227 230 231 232 233 234 234 235 235 236 236 237 237 237 238 238 239 239 240 240 241 242 243 245 247 249 253 257 279 293 Etching of Middleton Church . . . To face title-page. From a Photograph by Wolfienhohne Brothers, Blackburn. INTRODUCTION. I. Biographical. N an every-day common book, " The Upper Ten Thoufand " of Adam BifTet Thorn (Routledge, 1875), which I chanced to look into a few minutes fmce, I find that James is a living name to-day among * fair ladyes and brave men/ more efpecially in arms and law. I have not thought it needful to inquire whether any of thefe are to be linked on to that remarkable group of fcholars and men of genius, of which my prefent Worthy formed a junior member. Nor have I been able to difcover — after fome pains — whether the once popular Novelift (alas ! a pinchbeck Scott), G. P. R. James, or the faintly John Angell James — a Nonconformift divine ftill ' fpeaking ' though dead, to a wide audience — belonged to the fame family. But it were not hard to fhow that Englifhmen bearing INrRODUCriON. the furname of James have done England right good fervice in State and Church. Then, from over the Atlantic to-day, greets us Henry James, jun., with his fine Eng- lifh and quaint ways and love of the old Fatherland. Good old Thomas Corser, M.A., " Vicar of Norton, Northamptonfhire, and Perpetual Curate of Stand, Lanca- fhire," and colle6tor of an almoft unique Library, — than allowing the fcattering of which, Manchester never did a more difcreditable thing, feeing it might have been pur- chafed within feveral thoufands of pounds of its value and of what it a61:ually fetched — in his pleafantly garrulous Introdudlion to the Chetham Society's ' Iter Lancaftrenfe ' (1845) has dilated with fcholarly gufto on Thomas James — among other of his dignities firft Keeper of the renowned Bodleian Library by diredt appointment of its illuftrious Founder Sir Thomas Bodley — and his prodigious erudition and anti-papal tafk-work, as had Anthony a-Wood be- fore him ; alfo on his elder brother Edward James, and another, Francis James — all the three lefs or more cultured and given to writing Latin verfe. To Wood and CoRSER I muft refer my Readers curious to know more of thefe and numerous other members of the tribe of James. Details on them here were fomewhat irrelevant. I gladly, however, avail myfelf of the James lineage as taken " from the Vifitation Book of the County of Hants, 1662, in the College of Arms, London," thus -^ — ^ From the late Mr, Corfer's " Iter Lancaftrenfe," ut ftipra, p. v. INTRODUCTION. oii M-^^ E ^3 Ih Ih I I i Ih g " '^ I S.3 a- ii-> Q o O c^ hJ n ^ 3 « Q ? CD w B^ X 0> < rf?> f^ s ■" M3 o J3 =i rt o J2 l< 3 i.2,1 ^6 I pi IH- 8 E.S.3 ^3 S 3 ■III .2; tj= ^ •^bt. -T3 iE.Eli^ga'S q ft 4 s U3 0^ H J3 t; in fc" wSJ CJ 3 to 2.1 b< a. INTRODUCTION. Palling other details ^ from this pedigree, it is feen that 1 The following entries relating to the family of James, from the earlier Regifters of Newport, in the Ifle of Wight, for which he was indebted to the Rev. Jofeph Maude, M. A., are given as an appendix by Mr. Corfer, as before : — Anno 1570. Thomas fleming and Maria James mar: y*^ 13 of februarii. Anno 1578. Joan the daughter of Markes James bur<^ y^^ 16 day of ffebruarii, Jane y*^ daughter of M'' John James bap. y*^ 17 of Auguft. Anno 1579. Jane James bur. y« 30 of Januarii. Abraham y^ fonne of Markes James bap. y'^ 25 of februarii. Anno 1 58 1. Richard the fonne of Marke James bap. the 7 daye of Aprill. Richard James bur. y'= 10 of June. Jane y*^ wife of Richard James bur. y'' 22 of June. Anno 1582. Dowfabell y'^ daughter of Markes James bap. y" 8 of Julii. Dowfabell ye daughter of thomas fleming bap. y'^ 18 of Julii. Dowfabell fleming bur. y*^ 22 of Auguft. Dowfabell James bur. y*= 8 of November. Anno 1586. Averen James y" daughter of Markes James bap. y*= 12 of June. Anno 1588. Richard y* fonne of Marke James bap. y<= 22 of March, Anno 1589. Thomas James bur. y'^ 17 of June. Anno 1593. Thomas the fonne of Richard Jeames bap. y" 7 daye of September. Anno 1594. Mary the daughter of Andrew Jeames bap. y*^ 5 of Januarii. Joan the wife of Andrew Jeames bur. the 11 daye of Januarii. It would feem that the regifters are imperfc6t between 1589 and 1593 ; elfe the baptifm-entry of our Richard would have appeared. INTRODUCTION. our Richard James — nephew of Dr. Thomas James, ut ante — was the third fon of Andrew James, of Newport, in the Ifle of Wight, who was himfelf third fon of Richard James and Jane Annernon. It is alfo feen therein, that his mother was Dorothy, daughter of Philip Poore, of Durington, in the county of Wilts. ^ By his age on matriculation at the Univerfity in 1608 — as onward — which is ftated as ' 16,' we learn that he was born in 1592. Newport, his birthplace, had a well-reputed Gram- mar School;^ and doubtlefs Mafter Richard was there initiated into learning. He muft have found the fchool of his native town fufEcient ; for he remained at home ^ The PoORES were a very ancient and diftinguilhed family. The ladies of this Houfe have for centuries been famous for their beauty. HOARE (" Modern Wiltfhire," i. 582), befides curious lore on the anceftry, notices a MS. called " Heliconiam Trifles, or the Ladies who performed male and female parts in the Private Theatricals, held in the Clofe of Sarum, 1777-82." Among thefe were Mifs Poore, who married General Michell, " and her beautiful and fingu- larly diftinguiflied fifter, Mifs Charlotte Poore," It was thus with a good family Andrew James intermarried, and a ' blue blood ' mother our Worthy had. Hoare, it may be added in loco, engraves a fplendid Poore monument and infcription in Salifljuiy Cathedral — the founder of which was Richard Poore, B.A., of Durham, and a Herbert Poore was Bifliop of Salifljuiy. — Hoare, i. 37, 38, 43, 728, Sec. &c. - Staunton, " Schools of England," tells nothing of it. James's intended Latin poem on his native illand (' Ifle of Wight ') remained at his death a mere fragment. On examination it proved to be fo merely introduflory and fo difficult of decipherment, as to compel our leaving it in its dully MS. in the Bodleian. INTRODUCTION. until — as already ftated — his fixteenth year. He matri- culated as * fon of a gentleman' on 6th May, 1608, of Exeter College, Oxford.^ The juft-iflued " Regiftrum CoUegii Exonienfis " of the Rev. Charles William Boafe, M.A. — a book of the fine elder type, almoft obfolete in thefe days — enrolls him among its Worthies.^ He did not remain long at Exeter, having migrated on a Scholar- fhip to Corpus Chrifti College. His title-pages avouch how juftly proud he was through life to defignate himfelf of the renowned C. C. C. It was of no common ad- vantage that from the outfet young Richard was under the eyes of his learned uncle. Dr. Thomas James. This remarkable man had a kind of magnetic influence in gathering around him capable fellow-workers in thofe ecclefiaftical-theological refearches and refulting contro- verfies which, arid and exhaufting to moft, were to him in- fpiration and rapture. The MSS. of his nephew preferved in the Bodleian, atteft that his earlieft as his lateft reading was of the twofold kind of his uncle, viz., among the Greek and Latin Fathers and Mediaeval Hiftorians and Manufcripts wherever acceffible — with the one motif to expofe the errors, fuperftitions, corruptions and impoflures of the Papacy, in contraft with the Proteftantifm of the Reformation. To all appearance Dr. Thomas James lite- rally killed himfelf in his devotion to collation of Popiih ' " Fortefcue Family," i, 493, adduced in Boafe, ut infra. ° One vol. 1879 (privately printed: 200 copies only), index, p. 251, f. n. INTRODUCTION. texts of the Fathers in fearch of * corruptions ' pofitive and negative. Except William Crashaw, — father of gentle Richard Crashaw the Poet, — I know no fuch intenfe and ftrenuous opponent of Popery, or one fo thoroughly- furnifhed with every needed weapon in combating learned and wily and wary opponents. It moves one's fympathy even at this late day, to find how chill and meagre was the refponfe to his urgent appeals to the bifhops and other dignitaries of his Church for material aid and co-operative help in tranfcribing, comparing, aflbrtingj annotating and printing the prodigious materials that he had amafTed or knew. But there was no reluctance to burn midnight oil with him, on the part of Mafter Richard. While ftill in his teens he muft have been an equally eager fearcher and tranfcriber with himfelf ; while whatever elfe he flackened in, he never changed in his antagonifm intelleftually and Chriftianly to Popery. The likes and diflikes and paflion of his uncle coloured and fhaped his whole career, I am afraid that it was due to the fame example and influence that throughout, his ftudies were defultory and excurfive, fcat- tered not concentrated, omnivorous rather than digeftive; and fo the outcome in both — vaft toil with little or nothing folid to fhow, coloflal ftones but no building, enormous working but no finifhed work. For it muft be conceded in refpe6l of Dr. Thomas James and of our Richard James, that the books they gave to the world are the mereft fragments fet over-againft the ftupendous materials accumulated through long years, with well-nigh half as many nights of ftudy as days. I do not know that in this INTRODUCTION. nineteenth century the type of evidence againft Popery on which the Jamefes toiled fo confumingly is what is needed. Learning plays a {lender part, on either fide, in ' con- vincing ' of error. None the lefs is it to be regretted that their learning was not utilized by the Church of England at the time, to the extent at leaft of enabling them to print their marvellous colletSlions. How uniquely marvellous thefe were and what an armoury of defence and offence their intended folios would have been, let the correfpondence of Dr. Thomas,James with Archbishop Ussher alone witnefs.^ Thus put into fcholarly harnefs in almoft the very be- ginning, Richard James was admitted to -the degree of B.A. in 1611. He pafTed M.A. on January 24th, 16 14 (12 Jac. I.) On the 30th September, 161 5, he was made a probationer fellow of his College of Corpus Chrifti. This appears always to have given him a home in his foreft ftraits and wanderings. In 1618 his MSS. inform us that he had then made journeys into Wales and Scotland, including the Shetlands. In this year he proceeded to Greenland and Ruflia. It is to be lamented that among his miffing Papers of thofe bequeathed to the Bodleian, are his Obfer- vations on the various countries vifited by him. All that remains of his Travels are feveral note-books crammed ^ Parr's "Life of Abp. Ufsher :" Elrington's whole Works of Ufsher, 17 vols. 8vo. (1847, etfeqq.). Mr. Corfer quotes from the former, pp. xiii.-xxi. See onward for a fingular mifprint, overlooked equally by Parr, Elrington, and Corfer. INTRODUCTION. with Ruffian words and phrafes and paffing references in his Letters. It was like difappearing underground then to fet off for Ruffia ; and as the years (apparently) elapfed, rumours of the Traveller's death reached England. Among his poems one will be found headed " To M"^ Anthony White whoe had made an elegye on my fuppofed death in Rufland." Several of his Latin poems were alfo written in Ruffia. It is noticeable how many famous Englifh- men — independent of geographical travellers and fcientific obfervers — have linked their names with Ruffia long before it was really ' open ' to us. I name two. There is the ftill quick book of the many-gifted father of Phineas and Giles Fletcher, the Poet, the " Ruffe Commonwealth," and " Effay on fome probable grounds that the prefent Tartars near the Cafpian Sea, are the Pofterity of the Ten Tribes of Ifrael," of Dr. Giles Fletcher.^ Then there is that " Embaffy " of Lord Carlifle with no lefs than Andrew Marvell for Secretary ; whofe State-papers re- vived by the prefent Writer came as fo pleafant a furprife to the admirers of that illuftrious man, varioufly-dowered poet and incomparable wit.^ It will be remembered alfo that Milton in his old age wrote of " Mofcovia." It is nowhere recorded on what miffion — other than felf-improvement — James thus eledled to vifit fo unattrac- ' See my edition of his " Licia," &c., with Memorial-Introduflion (Occafional Ifiues, 1876), ■^ See my colleftive edition of the complete Works in Verfe and Profe of Andrew Marvell, 4 vols. 8vo., in Fuller, Worthies' Library. d INTRODUCTION. tive a country as Ruflia muft have been at the period ; nor when he returned. He is found, however, once more purfuing his old ftudies along with his uncle in Oxford, from (apparently) 1620-3. ^f his attainments at thefe dates a glimpfe is furnifhed in a letter from Dr. Thomas James to Ufsher (then Bifhop of Meath) dated 28th January, 1623. It is a pathetic letter as well ; for it tells that his nephew was experiencing already Juvenal's res angufia dom'i. It is as follows : — " I have traced the fleps afar off about The Succejfion and Vifihility of the Church, wherein your Lordfhip hath gone a far journey. I do but glean where you have reaped a plentiful harveft. Neverthelefs if my poor and weak labours may any ways ftead your Lordfhip, I would be glad to contribute my pains I have coUecSled as much as I can find in all likely Authors to this purpofe printed ; and out of fundry Manufcripts, as Gafcoigne, Canter, Mapes, P. de Vineis, Becket, Sarifburienfis, which have been diligently read over by a learned Kinfman of mine, who is at this prefent by my direction, writing Becket's Life ; wherein it fhall be plainly {hewed, both out of his own writings and thofe of his time, that he was not (as he is efteemed) an Arch-Saint, but an Arch-Rebel ; and that the Papifts have been not a little deceived in him. This Kinfman of mine, as well as myfelf, fhall be right glad to do any fervice to your Lordfhip in this kind. He is of ftrength, and well both able and learned to effectuate fomewhat in this kind ; critically feen both in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, knowing well the languages both French, INTRODUCTION. Spanifh, and Italian, immenfe and beyond all other men, efpecially in reading of the Manufcripts of an extraordinary ftyle in penning, fuch a one as I dare ballance with any Prieft or Jefuit in the world of his age, and fuch a one as I could wifh your Lordfhip had about you ; but pau- pertas inimica bona eji morihus, and both fatherlefs and motherlefs, and almoft, (but for myfelf,) I may fay (the more is the pity) friendlefs. — From Oxford, i%th Jan. 1623."! In the words of Mr. Corfer, "the deep intereft and almoft parental anxiety which the Writer of this letter took in the ftudies and advancement of his nephew, is evidenced from feveral letters written about the fame period to the fame learned Prelate."* From thefe, brief extra£ls muft now be given, as thus : — " Of my Coufm Mr. Rich. James (who remembereth himfelf moft dutifully to your Lordfhip) I fend a Tafte or Eflay of what may be done by him. I will fay no more of him or it but this ; That I know no man living more fit to be employed by your Lordfhip in this kind than himfelf; his Pains incredible, and his Zeal as great, and his Judgment in manufcripts fuch as I doubt not but your Lordfhip may ufe to the great benefit of the Church, and eafe of your Lordfhip ; may there be but fome courfe taken that he may have v'lSlum et vejiitum independant from any one. This if he may have from your Lordfhip, ' Parr's " Life of Ufsher," as before, p. 303: Corfer, p. xxxviii. * " Iter Lane." pp. xxxviii.-ix. INTRODUCTION. or by your Lordfliip's means, I know his deferts and willingnefs to deferve well of the Church. — Oxon the 2']th July, 1624." Again: — "My Coufin Rich. James defireth to have his Duty remembered to your Lordfhip, he hath reviewed and inlarged his Book of Bochel's De- canonization, a Book fo nearly concerning Kingly Dignity, and fo fully opening the Hiftory of thofe times, that I know not where a man (hall read the like. I would he might have the happinefs that your Lordfhip might fee it, being now fair tranfcribed, that it might pafs your Lord- fhip's cenfure before it pafs any further. And I am per- fuaded (over-weaning perhaps in love to my Coufm) that if his Majefty faw it, it would pleafe him, having fo many good pieces of antiquity in it ; — it is his, and fhall be my cheifeft ftudy. — Oxon., Feb. 8. n. y." ^ In the latter extradl, for ' Bochel's Decanonization,' read * Becket's Decanonization,' — this unfortunate mifprint having, ftrange to fay, been overlooked alike by Parr, El- rington, and Corfer. TheMS. — a noble folio — of the " DecanonizatioThomae Cantuarienfis et fuorum " forms No. i of the numerous MSS. preferved in the Bodleian. It were prefumptuous in me to pronounce judgment on this extraordinary work with the verdi6t upon it of one fo capable as Dr. Thomas James. But I may be permitted to ftate that having read and re-read much of it, I ftand amazed at the force of brain that has welded together learning fo wide and deep and ' Ibid. p. xxxix. from Pair, as before. INTRODUCTION. exa<5t, and thinking fo intrepid as almoft to be audacious, fo penetrative and fubtle and neverthelefs common-fenfed and healthy, and fympathies with truth and right and free- dom fo infl:in6live and articulate. The refources are fim- ply fuch as might have been diftributed over half-a-dozen fcholars, and ftill left each by head and fhoulders above ordi- nary men. There is width of vifion united with depth — as of the fea's fulnefs, not of the ftream's fhallownefs. There is firft-hand familiarity with all the literature of his fubje6t — even in the by-ways of it ; for there is the gleam of the golden keys of many languages. There is exadleft quotation and reference for all evidence adduced, for all pofitions maintained, for all conclufions arrived at. There is doubtlefs keennefs of accufation as fearleffnefs of ex- pofure ; but the paflion is pathetic and noble, and the informing impulfe fealty to hiftoric truth. There is now and again fait of wit, play of anecdotical humour and felicitous interweaving of quaint legend and fnatch of verfe. The book is maflive but buoyant, philofophic yet fhrewd, controverfial neverthelefs judicial. I venture to fay that the Univerfity Prefs of Oxford fliould honour itfelf by refcuing from the hazard of a fmgle manufcript this truly Magnum opus. Befides the finely-tranfcribed folio, there are volumes on volumes of colle6lions of many years ; all of which the coming Editor muft fift and utilize. Many Lives of Archbishop Becket have been written in our own time ; but the real, hard fadts of that chequered life will not be thoroughly known until the " Decanonizatio " is made available. Totius autem in- INTRODUCTION. jujlitiis nulla capitalior eft, quam eorum qui quum maxime fallunty id agunt, ut viri boni ejfe videantur.^ From 1623 to 1629 he continued to work with his uncle, as to the laft he fought to fecure Commiffioners to be appointed by Convocation and by Parliament " to collate the MSS. of the Fathers in all the Libraries of England with the foreign Popifh editions, in order that the forgeries in the latter might be dete6ted, and the views of the Ro- man Catholics in making interpolations defeated."" To enliven thefe more arduous labours, I fuppofe, he was wont to throw off his Poems, more efpecially epigrams and jeux- d'efprit — " fome of them addreffed to his friends, others called forth by pafling occurrences, or tranflations from any work that he was reading."^ Nor was the nephew, any more than his erudite uncle, fancy-free in the "old old flory " of love. Anthony a-Wood did not know it ; but Dr. Thomas James wooed and won and married a * fair lady,' to the chagrin of his bachelor- friend Sir Thomas BoDLEY. Alas ! that there remains a piteous letter from the prematurely-aged and poverty-ftrickenfcholarto"good " Sir Robert Cotton, " on y* behalf of poore wyfe and [feven] children." ^ This additional element of refponfibility and fuffering, Richard James was fpared — fpite of himfelf. I ' The Mafter of the Rolls' noble Series already includes Becket materials infinitely inferior to the " Decanonizatio." ^ Mr. Corfer, as before, p. xxii. ' Ibid. p. xliv. * Cottonian MSS. Julius C. ill. f. 183, quoted by Mr, Corfer, as before, p. xxiii. INTRODUCTION. fay fplte of himfelf ; for his Poems go to fhow that his bookifh habits had not turned him into either monk or mifanthrope ; that he had fallen over head and ears in love (if the expreflive vulgarifm may be allowed) with a lady to whom he gave the Latin name of ' Albina/ — veiling flightly thereby a Mifs White (query fifter or daughter of his friend Mr. Anthony White ?) "^ He feems to have been conquered helpleffly by his charming 'Albina;' but unfortunately the paffion was not reciprocated. The verfe-incenfe ap- pears to have been acceptable enough. I opine that the explanation is to be found in a prior conqueft of* Albina,' inafmuch as fhe was fpeedily married to a Mr. Philip WooDHOUSE. There can have been no quarrel, no bitter words or refentment on either fide ; for the Poems atteft that James celebrated the " Anniverfarie of Marriage of Mr. Philip Woodhoufe." Outfide of Dean Donne's love- poems, perhaps no odder celebration is to be met with in its explicit avowal that Mrs. Woodhoufe was his old flame, e.g. : " Now Sir, y^ funne or earth hath circled rovnd Since you were fairely to fny Jidijiris bound In holie fpowfall rites." He had been prefent at, indeed, prefumably performed the rites of marriage ; for thus he continues : — ^ See pp. 226-27. Curiouflyenough, in Colonel Chefter'.= "Regifters of the Collegiate Church or Abbey of St. Peter, Weftminfter" (1876), we have an entry of a Mary Woodhoufe, d. of Sir Henry Wood- houfe, Kt., of Warham, co. Norfolk, married after 1656 to Sir John James, Kt. (p. 192). INTRODUCTION. -" I then did praye My bleffing on you bothe. And from that daye Till this, I heare of peace and love no breach." With all this, his feverer ftudies were little intermitted. On 7th July, 1624, he was admitted to the degree of B.D. Shortly after he was employed along with Patrick Young, the Royal Librarian, by Selden, to affift that illuftrious fcholar and antiquary in his examination of the Arundel Marbles, which, collecSled by Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, had been given to the Univerfity of Ox- ford by his grandfon Henry, Duke of Norfolk. When Selden publifhed his "Marmora Arundeliana," in 1628, (4°), he acknowledges his obligations to James in the Pre- face, charadierizing him as "multijugae dodlrinje ftudiique indefatigabilis vir Richardus Jamefius." It was about this time alfo — in 1625-6 — that through his uncle Dr. Thomas James, our Worthy was introduced to Sir Robert Cotton. He was the very man to be entrufted with the claflifying and arranging and cataloguing of the fplendid library of books and MSS. which that renowned man had brought together. While engaged in this (not unpleafant) tafk- work, he was refident under Sir Robert's roof, and became intimate with that brilliant circle of Englifhmen of which the good knight was the centre — reviving, if not the hilarity of the Ben Jonson " Mermaid " and other gatherings, much of the intelledtual gladiatorfliip of thofe grand days. He came and went. While in the library he worked on cataloguing and tranfcribing and correfpondence, wherever INTRODUCTION. any antique was heard of that might be added to the Mafter's ever-enlarging colledion. While from home he was ftill on the outlook. Letters from him to Cotton furvive to reveal to us the familiar and honourable terms on which they flood. I am pleafed to be able to add here other two to thofe fii-ft printed by Mr. Corfer. They give us in fight to his occupations and literary and antiquarian intercourfe. Unluckily they are undated. I take them in the order of the Cottonian MSS. in the Britifh Mufeum. I. Not before printed (Julius c. iii. f. 212). Deere Sir Rob: Cotton. I wifh all health and cont[ent] to you, my Ladie and all your familie, to whome if I had any joye to bringe, no poftillion fhould outfpeede me. B[ut] my life and fortune haue in them to many fad occaf [ions] to make my meere companie pleafing vnto friend[s] ; wherefore for your owne fake you will kindely excufe m[e &] favour me where I reft allfo vnwillingly vnder a niew [fie] that is exalted aboue his meafure, yet I ftiall haue ft[ill] ynough to preferve my felf as I maye, and the Tant of his prerogative will erelong beare him vnder or ov[er] withought my helpe, except he take that fobre cour[fe] which of late I haue binne forced to beftowe on him [tru] ly. In S-" Kellam Digbyes buifnefle I will not be negli[gent] and peradventure fliall by that meanes gaine the b[ook] of Saint Frifwide and other extravagant good peeces t[hat] are as yet outliers. So againe bleffing all my friends I reft Yours ever thanks To my noble friend S"- Rich: Iames. Robert Cotton at his houfe by Weftminfter hall thefe e INTRODUCriON. II. " To my noble friende S'^ Robert Cotton at Weft- minfter neere the Hall give thefe. " 193. b. Deere S"" Rob. Cotton, I fhalbe glad to heare from you concerning my late defire & your owne kinde promife for by our niew Mailers wicked pride and prac- tife[,] fordl I am to feeke fomme favour abroade, & at leafure to contrive my difcontent into this Epigramme Det Deus aufpicijs proprijs ut vivere poflim Morofophi imperijs ne cruder domini. Det re6tae ena6la ration i lege parentem, Ne mihi fim imperijs faevior ipfe meis. Det mortem vt vitam naturae munus habenti Claudat nox faciles blanda fopore dies. Quod fi non adeo vifum det fata volenti Ferre animo et coelum fufpicere vt patriam, and deere S"^, fo foone as I may fett w^arme, & have fatif- fied my felf in fomme fewe other readings, thether I purpos a previall afcent by earneft contemplation of Aftronomye till the fwallowe returnes and brings a fitter feafon for tra- vaill, Do6lor Tolfon v\^hoe is the chief man with M"" Allen defires his fervice may be commended vnto S"" Kenelme Digbye and doth promife this daye to efFe(5l the legall con- veyance of y'^ books vnto him, which the ould man pro- mifd to performe the laft night at his earned: entreatie. When it is donne, you fhall haue farther notice, & I doe aflure my felf of their ferious intention in this parte. In owne of my jorneys aboute the territorie, which to deceive time & keepe my felfe in breath I make often, in the high way beyond Hedington, I haue found lately an excellent INTRODUCTION. petrified honnicombe, for which I dowbt not but Ibon Tradefcant will moft willingly exchange any of his books or Coynes. So wifshing health to all bothe from my felf and my Lord Houghton Sc his brother whoe kindely fownd me out in their pafTadge to y^ North, I reft " Your ever thanckful friend " Ocaob"" 25." " Rich : James. III. " 203. Deere S' Robert Cotton, I can make no worthy exchange of your booke. wherefore I haue again paid the Carrier & fent him backe. pray lett goodman Gihbs call for him on Friday morninge & returne notice of y'' fafe deliverie. If you will haue a faire mill fhillinge & one of the braffe peeces which were made for Queene Eliz: Irifh warres, I fhall fend them, befides M"" Twine hath a peece of filver of Henr. y*^ fixt, as it feemes, with 3 crownes on the reverfe. My Cofin Elfmgs man was yefterday in towne abought his Mafters knighthood, abouto- which heere is fomme fettinge of commiffioners. Many things of an- tiquitie are mine in promife. if they comme, they fhall foone be yours. I fhould gladly heare fomme cheerefuU niews of M'' Selden h S"" Jhon Elyott, & your felfe. Will the tide never turne ? Then God fend vs heaven at our laft end. All my friends with you I beare in thanckful! memorie, & reft " Yours faithfully " Aprill 20." " Rich James. " To my Noble friend S"" Robert Cotton at his houfe by Weftminfter Hall give thefe." INTRODUCTION. IV. "217. Good S"^ Robert Cotton, with the kinde futherance of M"" Bofwells friends I have allmoft withoute drawinge bitt runne over the maine part of my buifinefle. Of which in good time you fhall hear & fee a perfe6l account, if you pleafe firft to lett me knowe whether M"" Cotton be at London or in the Countrie. So wifshing all- wayes to be preferved in the honour of your eftimation & humbly kifling the hands of you and your Ladle with many breef mafTes for your happinefle. Forfooth I reft " Your faith full and thanckfuU Servant " From Moody Hall" " Dick Iames." V. Not before printed (folio 219). Sir Robert Cotton, by the returne of my kinde friends For Holt to London, I willingly bid health vnto you [and] your Companie. and fo foone as I maye gaine any lea [lure] y'' Bu/ of our Colledge accounts you Hiall receave defcription of Erie Godwin out of Walter little deere Francic againe in feafon and ad If not I pray flie may be And .... pra6lick.e of my life, I am of fo fcarce vfe ough much unfortunate. Yet my heartie vnto them all young and ould multiplie health about my (kill or power of phyficians and But muft be as they maye. And quickly wearie . . . inge more then ynough to little purpos, hidinge all faults and fancies in the confidence of your goodneffe Your thanckfull fervant Dick Iames. At this point it is no common plcafure to be able to print for the firji time no fewer than other fix Englifh letters from James to Sir Robert Cotton. They are among INTRODUCTION. the Harleian MSS. (7002). Unfortunately — like the others — they are all undated. I give them in the order in which they occur in the volume of MSS. They are addreffed (except one whofe fuperfcription is gone) " To my Noble friend Sir Robert Cotton at his houfe next Weftminfter Hall giue theife " (flightly varied in fome). All furnifh further pleafant evidence of the familiar and friendly foot- ing on w^hich James flood tow^ard his patron-friend. The pafling mention of Heywood recalls the vifit celebrated in Iter Lancajirenfe, and perhaps dates thofe letters for us. In the penury of James's Englifh letters, I hold myfelf fortunate to have recovered thefe. I. " Deere Sir Rob. Cotton, I w^ifh you all health and happinefTe and an indomegeable fpiritt againft the prefTure of this evill time, which hath as much malice againft vnder- ftanding as men. From you at this time I fhould not haue parted, if the exigencie and penurie of my life had not forc'd a filent retreat into myfelf and my owne home at Corpus Chrifti College ; where I feare the contagion of ill and frivolous-condiciond companie will difeafe the pleafance of a faire breathing aire and fituation. Your Counfell of Conftance is with an honeft dilatorie man, yet when you pleafe it fhalbe fpeedily and thanckfully returned with a promife from the partie to make fomme addition vnto your moft excellent Serraglio of Antiquitie. M"" Twyne fighes \_ftc\ and M"" Allen is once more voyaged into the countrey. Your felf, your Ladie and Sonne allfo my moft deere Franck and Luce, and lack and everi parte INTRODUCTION. of your retinue, haue made me a long and friendly enter- tainement, of which I fhall allwayes beare a fmgular frefh memorie ; and I praye your noble Courtefie to haue and hold me ftill at beft in your remembrance, which entreatie vppon thought of departure I did phanfie out in this manner. The poore young Ruffian youth, that flave Was to the Prince, and truftie knaue To my deere Harrie Wilde, when wee Forfooke that Northern Barbarie, Loe bending at my feete did faye Thancks for my loue, and kindly praye. His evills, that I would not beare In minde ; the which none truely were. This youth I well remember, and In neere loe manner kifle your hand ; Hoping of gentle Courtefie You will no worfe remember me. Your faithfull volun- tarie Dick Iames." II. " Deere Sir Rob Cotton I will hope y' little Franck is not greatly ficke ; If fhe be and it might be fo available, I would foote it from S* Mi [c] hells mount to CatenefTe to fetch her health. The fault is neither mine nor yours, that I am retired vnto my felf, but y*^ villenage of a bad fortune which will not fufFer me to ftaye goe or doe as I haue pleafure j howfoever it lies in your power to doe me INTRODUCTION. friendly courtefie, whereby my patience wilbe the eafier vnder our niew Mafter, whofe pride, prerogative, or ftrange pollicie will as yet admitt neither benifitt to himfelf nor vs, wherefore I am for61: to imagine fomme money out of the alter cloaths, wherewith to keepe the winter warme and cleanly, whileft I ftudye the heavens, becaufe of little buifnefle on earth for an ingenuous mans acceptable em- ploiment. M"" Neje [or v] did promife to foUicitt the bargaine from M"" Barowe out of which I would wifh to helpe my felf and exprefle fome thanclcfull remembrance to my moft deferving friend M"" Heywood. or it fhall not be amifTe to give that ambition of mine a little refpuit, if you pleafe in y^ meane while to call for my Cofm Car- penter and paye him for me fortie fhillings which I bor- rowed at my departure fending allfo hether three peeces more. Thofe fragments of parchment which I fent you laft haue fomme narrations of excellent vfe in my great treatife, fo that I much defire them prefervd, and I haue fince that time from M"" King gained the vfe of two Eufliam Leger books, which I doubt not, in time fhall bothe comme to your freer keeping when the gards, y'^ fwoards and halberds, are remooued, whofe fight make M"" Twyne as yet fcarce vnafFeard. In the one I haue fownd the myfterie de pulchre placitando. and an excellent inftance for the prerogative of the Parliament in interpreting the fenfe of our great charters, if any doubt thence arife, and the other is as yet vndeflourd. If you fend to M'' Allen fomme good greene ginger, peradventure, befides the com- forting of the good ould man, it will allfo open fomme xl INTRODUCTION. Other od corner of Antiquitie. So commending my felf into your loue and wifshing the health and happinefTe of all your companie I reft " Your ever thanckfuU friend " Rich. Iames." III. "Deere Sir AtWindfore I found Sir Harrie Wotton abfent from his owne motto which faies aias fapientiorcs fieri quiefcendo ; but M"^ Hales one of his learned fellowes beftowed on me 4 MS. one An Aftrological predidlion concerning divers princes in Harrie the 7*""^ time. 2. an Apologie of William thomas for his Mafter, Harrie y" 8'**, which I haue helpt in the preface from a tranfcript of our publique Library. 3. An Itinerarie or journall of Harrie y'^ 8*'' to Turweyn and Tourney. 4. a Mifcellanie booke of ftorie and poefie. To thefe are joynd for companie, the MS of Bede and the lawes of Olfron all made vp [to- gether in browne paper and the guilded apocryphall book which you heretofore gave me. Pray Sir on Saturday next lett me heare of y^ receipt for which the Carrier is already paid. All my excellent lovinge friends with you I doe moft heartily falute, and pray my fellowe fervant not to fteale her felf out of your love and protection which hath cheerd and re enforcd niew life in me [a line erafed] of all things, and fo hamperd in the reft of Corpus Chrifti Colledge buifnefle, I reft " Your moft affedlionate " Dick Iames." INTRODUCTION. xli IV. " Deere Sir, I abbounde in leafure, and fo on Tuef- day laft made an outrode to Combe, which is a place faire and pleafaunt of fituation if a man may haue accefTe vnto it through y'' parcke ; but it hath prooved no paradife vnto my Ladies countrieman Odbye or Wadbye, as he is there calld, whoe being not able to drive a waye fome late melancholie or difeafe neither vi^ith the Alehoufe nor other courfe, feemes vnto y* lurie aboute halfe a yeere fmce to haue fett all things in order and drownd both that and himfelf in a brook vv^hich runs betwixt Combe and Han- borowe ; yet fomme thinck the lurie hath not dealt fairely, and they all reporte well of the man ; and of eftate he died well worth five or fix hundred pounds, for which my Lord Chamberlaine and the Almener are in fuite, if his widowe and a brother's child now friendlefTe cannot trauerfe and reverfe y*^ verdicSl. The place of Combe if it were by a more able man inhabited feemes not much empaird from what you kniewe it ; there I faw the holes from which S"" Thomas Elyott is reported to haue bid lames Dyer not believe his wife, and if y^ man of y^ houfe comme to London he will call in and give you more perfitt notice of Odbyes death and anything you or my Ladie fhall pleafe to knowe in any of theis refpedls : The Statutes of y*" Savoye and Harrie y* 7"'^ will, I haue found in my ftudye and thought fitt to fend vp with y" two coynes of Antoni- nus and Alleilus, which I finde not in Occo. My Cofm Elfyng is well, and I as well as I maye, of which I fhall be glad if my worthye kinde Livetenant M"" Heywod maye haue notice : from whome on Saturday laft I receiud a / xlii INTRODUCriON. letter by his neighbor's neview. So with a moft excellent remembrance of all my friends I reft. If you thinck my going to Gloufter may doe you any pleafure lett " Your thanckfull me knowe, and peradventure I fervant can take a faire occafion. " Rich : Iames." V. " Good Sir Robert Cotton, if you fee M"" Prefident pray will you be glad of his accefle j the malignant difpofition of his adverfaries doth yet ftay me heere. When I returne I fhall howfoeuer bring with me fomme thinges that will pleafe you. and my good friend Sir Cripfby Crew allfo, to whome I defire to be recommended. Niews I neither care to tell nor heare. But if you be all well as I am at the writing hereof, all my wifshes and buifnefle for this time is ended in befeeching the complement and continuance of your favour into the bofomme of which I fhall fhortly againe prefent my felf. " Your thanckfull "Dick Iames." VI. " Deere Sir, if you pleafe to write vnto y* Bp. of Glouter you fhall doe well, otherwife the Bp. of Lincolne doth allready apprehend the buifnefTe heartily, and hath written both to y'^ prefident and him. We are heere governd allfo by a prerogative, and one of y^ moft vglye favorites that ever imaginerie prince made choice of. Doilor Holt maye haue amongft vs both loud honour and profitt, if he would not as it weare fatally rather embrace his owne fcorne and our injurie. wherefore my brief letanie ftill continues that INTRODUCTION. God would raife me fomme kinde friends to deliver a poore captive from the contagion of this brangling CoUegial life. DocSlor Anyan is gonne for Gloufter whence he returnes within this twentie dayes, and promifeth to remember me, but he would rather haue me fatisfie my felf, which I fhould doe, if to wante of money, the new occafion of our now vacant benefice were not a greater hinderance : Angelica is by the herbalifts calld the herbe of y^ holie Ghofte, and fomme kinde of it, y^ Emperiall herbe, by reafon of their mighty efFeituall power, againft poifonous infe6lions, as you may reade in lohannes Antonius Sara- cenus de pefte and Ruellius. the powder of it taken in a quantitie of a peaze with wine at Winter and roze water at Sommer preferves that daye from y* plauge ; and fo peradventure my Ladie hath retrivd her imperiall powder. So kiflinge bothe your friendly hands I take my leave, and fhalbe glad to heare of your free health, as allfo of my moft en M"" Selden whoe did rece " [torn away]. Thefe Letters and the others, and the fa6t that he retained the friendfhip of Sir Robert Cotton to the clofe of his life, and died in his fon's houfe — fufficiently neutralize the calumnies of his enemies whether reprefented by the incautious ftatements of Bishop Nicholson on the one hand,^ or the venomous partizanfhip and mendacity of Sir 1 Bifliop Nicholfon, the loofeft of writers, in reference to James's cataloguing of Cotton's MSS. fays, " being greedy of making ex- xliv INTRODUCTION. Simon D'Ewes on the other/ But by far the moft me- morable friendfhip formed by James was with Sir John Eliot, ultimus Romanorum. It has been my privilege to print for the firft time " The Monarchie of Man j " and in my memorial-introdu6lion I give account of his notes and fuggeftions on that great treatife, which its Author had fubmitted to his critical judgment, as he alfo did to John Hampden's. John Foster thus reports on a letter of James to Eliot at Port Eliot : — " In one of his letters written in September, 1629, James informs his 'Deere Sir John Elliott ' that if he fhall not have come forth from the Tower after his own return from Canterbury, he will make it his duty to find out fome books to entertain his leifure. Meanwhile he has fent him Cardan and a few others : as to which Eliot replies that he has found therein much that was worthy of confideration. Then Mr. James wifhes his dear Sir John to refolve him a point as to Lipfius de Conjiantld ; which, having leifure of a prifon, he will peradventure be pleafed once more to read and give his opinion whether in the writing of it Lipfius was not at the time meditating flight from the Hollanders. Eliot's attention is called to the * whining philofophie ' with which trafts out of the books of our Hiftory for his own private ufe, he paffed careleffly over a great many very valuable Vohimes " — a pre- pofterous non fequitur or a flanderous euphemifm ; for Sir Robert Cotton made his learned librarian free of his library. ' See Appendix to this Introdudion for D'Ewes' notice of James. Cf. " Gentleman's Magazine," 1767, p. 335, for account of Sir Robert Cotton's imprifonment from D'Ewes' MSS. INTRODUCTION. a defence is attempted of the oppreflion of the Spaniards : grounded on fate, providence, neceflity, remonftrance of greater tyranny in ancient time, and what James calls (in the old ftridt fenfe of the word) a wicked elevating, or carrying off, the natural affection which every true free heart muft bear to his own country. It was a defe6l, James remarked with pardonable complacency, which he had himfelf elfewhere fhown, out of Boccalini, to be caufed mainly by the Roman fuperftition, and to have been a great fpring and origin of the miferies that had befallen chriftian commonwealths. * This of Lipfius,' he concludes, ' I did imagine before I ever read him ; and if you find not my conjecture true, yet there be many antique peices in him which may pleafe a fecond or third readinge.' And fo, leaving with the imprifoned philofopher that fource of amufement, and with his heart blefling all Eliot's purpofes, he refts his faithful fervant." ' James likewife aided Eliot with his learning and fympathy and the rare books at his command, when he was engaged on his fecond great book, De 'Jure Majejiatis.^ The proud and pathetic ftory of Sir John Eliot it were not in place to enter on here. But it is declarative of the make of man Richard James was, that he drew to him and held a nature fo noble. James alfo felt the mailed hand of the Law. He too tafted of imprifonment 1 " Sir John Eliot : a Biography," vol. li. pp. 508/9. ^ It is my great privilege to have now in my poffefTion from Earl St. Germans, for leifurely perufal, Sir John Eliot's MSB. of both his other great books bcfides his " Monarchie of Man." xlvi INTRODUCriON. — not in the Tower but in the Gate-houfe. For fellow- prifoners he had Sir Robert Cotton and John Selden and others of whom the King was not worthy. That tranfmutes the fhame into glory, the opprobrium into honour. The thing was fimply this — as I leave neceflarily John Foster again to tell it : — " The King could take no leiTon from the difpofition or temper of his people. He was fimply driven by it into courfes more intemperate and dangerous. A fingular inftance was afforded at this very time [1628-30]. Shortly after his fecond proclamation denouncing Eliot as outlawed and defperate in mind and fortune, announcing his difufe of parliaments, and for- bidding as a prefumption even the further mention of them, a tradl was found to be paffing fecretly from hand to hand, entitled j4 Propofit'ion for his Majejiy^s Service to bridle the Impertinency of Parliaments, in which the fove- reign was recommended with grave irony to abolifh them outright as Louis XI. had done, to fubftitute his own authority everywhere in place of law, and to raife money by a feries of fuggefted abfolute edidls. It was the repro- dudlion of an old fquib that Sir Robert Dudley had written in Florence in the old King's time, and, fuiting exquifitely now the public temper, had a great run. * All through the Trinity long vacation,' fays Rufhworth, * did that tra6l walk abroad, and go from hand to hand, fome- time at court, fometime in the country, and fometime at the inns of court, the humours of the author being much enjoyed.' But at laft it came to the knowledge of the King, to whom the appreciation of humour was unknown ; INTRODUCTION. xlvii and led to the moft contemptible profecution on record even in the annals of the ftar-chamber. Copies having been traced to the Earls of Clare, Bedford, and Somerfet, to Selden and Oliver St. John, all were dragged into that court. It being alleged to have come originally out of the library of Sir Robert Cotton, the library v^^as put under feizure and clofed ; its learned owner was imprifoned by order of the council; and the same fate was inflicted ON HIS LIBRARIAN RicHARD James. Thefe iniquitous things were done at the opening of Michaelmas term ; they were perfifted in for many months ; the court covered itfelf in the procefs with ridicule and fhame ; and at laft was too glad to accept the excufe of the birth of a prince of Wales to diredt a pardon to every one implicated. This was at the clofe of May, 1630; and in the fame month of the following year Sir Robert Cotton died. The feizure of his library was a blow he had never recovered."^ One ftands amazed that a proud and free nation fubmitted to fuch infamous treatment of her foremoft men by fuch a creature as Charles I. Depofition and exile would have been a mild exailion for violation of law fo abfolute and treafon to the rights and liberties of Englifhmen fo prodigious. It was one of many elements that drove events forward to Whitehall window and the decollated head. James's poem headed " A confultation with myfelf, when I was confin'd into clofe keeping by y^ Lords " verifies the Cavalier's refrain, " Stone walls do not a prifon make." ' "Sir John Eliot: a Biography," as before, pp. 506-7. xlviii INTRODUCTION. Richard James loft more than a patron, he loft a re- vered friend on the death of Sir Robert Cotton. But his fon and heir continued him in his old poft and duties and truft. He was thus kept within the charmed circle of the ftatefmen and fcholars of the age. All too fpeedily or mercifully fpeedy, another and fupreme man had alfo gone. " I fhould gladly heare," he wrote, " fome cheerful news of Sir John Eliot." " Will the tide never turn ? Then God fend us heauen at our laft end ! " On November 27th, 1632, Sir John Eliot died. I may be miftaken, but as I read and re-read between the lines, James's elaborate Letter, " Reafons concerning the attempts on the Lives of great Perfonages " — for the firft time printed herein — I difcern infignia in it of the impulfe to its preparation. It is to my mind a fhaft of piercing light (or lightning) flaflied in upon the thought and emotion of contemporary Engliftimen. I have a conviilion that it was debated — though left undecided — whether the wild juftice of getting rid anyhow of fuch a King as then played the tyrant on the throne of England were not juftifiable. Such debates were portents. If they had had a daring man — like Felton — as well as patriotic thinkers, the righteous doom of January 30th, 1649, had been ante-dated by a decade and a half of years at leaft. Perfonally James was loyal to Monarchy, as were Sir John Eliot, Hampden, Pym, and their compeers — even Cromwell himfelf indifputably — but towards the adlual monarch there were, as alfo with them, many " fearchings of heart." INTRODUCTION. Behind thefe more confpicuous a6ls and incidents of his life, James was fulfilling his fundlion as a clergyman by- preaching in the Univerfity and elfewhere as opportunities were afforded. Various of his Sermons — fome in Latin and fome in Englifli — he publifhcd. His longeft poem — " Iter Lancaftrenfe" not excepted — the " Mufes Dirge," was publifhed on the death of King James I. This fomewhat notable poem no one ever appears to have heard of until I difinterred it from among George III.'s books in the Britifh Mufeum. Elfewhere (11. Criti- cal) I return upon it. Biographically, it is to be obferved that he is in its title-page defignated " Preacher of Gods Word at Stoke-Newington in the Countie of Middlefex, neere London."' We muft take this literally. He was neither Vicar, nor RecSlor, nor Curate, fimply a * Preacher ' in the abfence of one or the other. He never held a re- fident ' living ' in the Church. Albeit, on the death of his uncle Dr. Thomas James (in Auguft, 1629) he through the Archbifhop of Canterbury fucceeded him in the fine- ' The Rev. Prebendary Jackfon, prefent reftor of Stoke Nevv- ington, finds no mention in the parifli regifter of Richard James as either re6lor or curate at any time. He kindly informs me that Richard Lloyd, parfon, was reftor from 1593 to 1629; John Taverner, parfon, from 1629 to 1638; William Heath, reftor, to 1644, when he was fequeftered and fucceeded by the famous Dr. Thomas Manton. The curates were the Rev. Fowler, 1621 ; William Hammond, 1674. Thefe latter entries fhow a wide gap, fo that Richard James might have, as fome fay, been * preacher' or curate permanently in the interval between 1621 and 1638. Certes, the title-page of the " Mufes Dirge," 1625, is unmlftakable enough. g INTRODUCTION. cure-re£lory of Little Mongeham in Kent, to which he was inftituted on the 22nd 06lober, 1629. He refigned this in 1635. In fucceffive years other publications followed ; and it may be as well to record them at this point in cumulo. I place under each the little Epiftles-dedicatory, where thefe are worth preferving. I. Anti-Poflevinvs, five Concio Habita ad Clerum in Academia Oxonienfi Ann. Domini 1625. Authore Richardo lamefio Socio C.C.C. Vec- tenfi. Oxonae. 1625. 40. [Text 2 Tim. iv. 13.] II. A Sermon concerning the Eucharift. Delivered on Eafter Day in Oxford. London: 1629. 40. [Text St. Matt. xxvi. 26-28.] III. A Sermon delivered in Oxford, Concerning the Apoftles Preaching and ours. By Richard lames. Bachelor of Diuinitie, and Fellow of C.C.C. in Oxford. London. 1630. 40. [Text i Cor. ix. 16.] Epiftle:— To my Noble Friend, Sir Robert Cotton. Deare Sir Robert Cotton, this little Treatlfe hath a long time, (according to Horace aduice) layen in feafon with my owne iudge- ment. And now it defires to come forth into the INTRODUCTION. world's vfe, for your acceptance. Pray Sir receiue it kindly, as you haue done me for the fpace of more then foure yeares cherifhing both my life and learning. So, if God's pleafure bee to finde mee out a happie leafure, I fhall euer ftrive to exprefle greater thankfulnefle, and reft Your moft faithful Servant Rich. Iames. IV. A Sermon delivered in Oxford. Concerning; the obferuation of Lent-Faft. By Richard lames [as in III.]. London: 1630. 40. [No text.] Epiftle :— To my Learned Friend Sir Henry Spelman. Worthy Sir, my little infant Workes haue found fuch gentle eafie entertainment at your learned hands, as this reioyceth to appropriate it felfe to your obferuance. Pray Sir, fauour it with the fame courtefie ; and I fhall euer reft Your moft deuoted Seruant Rich. Iames. V. A Sermon Concerning the Time of Receving the Sacrament ; and of Mutuall Forgivenefle. De- livered in C.C.C. at the ElecSlion of a Prefident. By Richard lames B. of Divinitie. London : 1632. 40. [Text I Cor. xi. 25.] Epiftle :— To the Stvdents of C.C. Col. in Oxford. Deare friends, to the moft of whom I INTRODUCTION. have euer been loving and beloued ; you that haue feen my cleere open converfation, will know that as I doe not willingly doe any dif- pleafure or injurie to any man either in name or fortune, fo without over-mighty occafion I haue no patience to fuffer them. And this quality of mine, the reader alfo will eafily gather from the trouble and difturbance of my refolution in this brief treatife. Howfoeuer both hee and you (hall doe kindly to favour my free nature. So fhall I have courage, if not in great, at leaft in this meaner retayling way, to deliuer the fruites of my induftry and obfervation to the world's ufe, and not as I would you ftiould aTrfo^oa/fwj, Your moft afFedlionate friend and fervant Richard Iames. VI. An Apologeticall Eflay for the Righteoufnes of Miferable Vnhappy People. Delivered in a Sermon at S. Maries in Oxford. By Richard lames [as in No. III.] London. 1632. 40. [Text Ps. xxxvii. 25.] Epiftle :— ClarilTimo Viro Kenelmo Digby. (^uod Schediafmata haec & Mori & mea paucula tuo nomini curaverim infcribenda, facit candor egregius & benevolentia qua nuper dignatus es quandam meam Academicam concionem. Epi- cedijs his teftatam cupio Oibi relinquere pietatem meam erga optime meretesamicosclarifTimum Cottonum & MagiftrumThomam AUenum optimum fenem, qui te haeeredem fecerit fupelleililis literaiiae. Mori autein poftliuma ad Acadeniitos Epiltola oltendit, INTRODUCTION. liii quod pluribiis alibi a me hiltorica narratione clarius elucefcit, quanta inalitia perfequuti fint Romani degeneres nafcentes vbicunq; humaniores literas per annos plus quam fexcentos, etiam ab ipfa setate Gregorij Magni, Vale Vir Clariffime et femper amare pergas, qui brevi in ftudioforum gratiam multa Novo-antiqua tuo favore induftriam nieam protogente fum in lucem prolatuius. Tibi omni obfervantia deditus, 15 folios. Rich. Iamesivs. VII. Concio Habita ad Clervm Oxonienfem de Ecclefia. Authore Richardo lamefio Vectenfii, Baccalaureo Sacrae Th. Socio CCC. Oxon : 1633. 40. [Text St. Matt. xvi. 18.] VIII. Epiftola Thomae Mori ad Academiam Oxon : cui adje6la funt quaedam Poemata in mortem Clariflimi Viri Roberti Cottoni et Thomas Alleni, Oxon. 1633. 40. Intermingled with thefe graver ftudies and refultant books, were lighter ones. The Poems inform us that if he was not a6lually admitted as one of * rare Ben's ' fons, he had warm admiration, and — as I judge — perfonal ac- quaintance with the aged poet. The little verfe-tribute to Ben Jonfon "on his Staple of Niews firft prefented" is extremely noteworthy. This was in 1625. Kindred with this, and probably contemporaneoufly prepared, was his tranfcript of Occleve's poem of " The Legend and Defence of Sir Jhon Oldcaftell," with learned notes. But incomparably the moft important of all his occafional poems is the remarkable — very remarkable — contribution to INTRODUCTION. the 1632 folio of Shakefpeare, figned J. M. S. = as I agree with Jofeph Hunter in thinking, J[a]M[e]S. Onward [11. Critical] I put the matter critically before my readers ; nor do I doubt much of their verdi6l. Scarcely lefs memorable, alike in its fubjedl and circumftances and a6lual execution, is the ftrong-lined celebration of John Felton the afTaffin of Buckingham. A volume of his Letters — almoft wholly in Latin — in- forms us that he carried on an a£live correfpondence with the leaders of thought and a6tivity contemporary with him. We have already feen how inward and kindly were his relations to Sir Robert Cotton, Sir John Eliot, John Selden, and others of the fame noble breed. His Latin Letters exhibit him in like relations with the men of his own beloved College — as Dr. Sebastian Benefield, Dr. Thomas Jackson, Brian Twine, Nicholas Baylie, John Hampson, Robert Diot, Dr. John Fleming, Matthew Colmar, Dr. Joshua Aisgill, John Seller, Anthony White, his uncle Dr. Thomas James, his coufm Dr. Francis James, his uncle Dr. Edward James, Amadous Benefield, John Minne, John Streeting, — all in fome way men of mark and potentiality in their day, but that day, except in perhaps two inftances, long fmce gone by. It cannot be needful that I blow the dull: off either their tomes or their tombs/ Thefe Letters will furnifh excellent materials for an ^ See Wood's " Athenas," f. n. and Mr. Gorier, as before, pp. Ixvii. Ixx, INTRODUCTION. Editor's introdudlion to the * Decanonizatio.' I limit my- felf to two — revifed after Corfer by the original MSS. The firft is of rare intereft from its allufions to Ben Jonfon. It is as follows : — " Ad Do6l. Francifcu James. " Tertullianus, Cyprianus, Chryfoftomus acriter inve- huntur in artem Rofcianam et fpe6tacula. Veru non ducendi eora aculei adverfus tragoedias et comoedias noftri temporis, quae ut plurimum liberrimae fiit a veteru illaria fpurcitie in quibus etia Chriftiano jam orbe, obfcoenitas oTs efFundebatur, et praeter caetera exuebantur veft:ib[us] populo fpedtante meretrices, et in confpeftu eius ad fatietatem vfq^ impudicoru luminu cu pudendis motib[us] detinebantur. Sed quod unu nos femper urgere videbitur, induuntur in- quiunt et in his viri ornatu muliebri adverf[us] prasfcriptQ facrae fcripturae : Cui refpondeo, inftitutu efle fcripturae tantii fraudes inde prohibere et vfu communiter, aut fi hoc non placet, habeatur aliquando orbi confiliu veftiarioru quod plena autoritate fententia ferat de veftibus, quae viriles et quae conveniat fcemineo generi, et vtru fme fcifmate permitti queant populo totius Orientis illae eoru tunicae, qui nobis habitus eflet procul dubio pro muliebri damnan- dus, q[uo]d vlterius reducut hoc ad praeceptu de non com- mittendo adulterio, et propterea neq^ ja licere ridiculu eft, eadem enim ratione neq^, nobis fufFeila cu fanguine eflet oTo comedenda q[uo]d videatur illud fpecSlare ad praeceptii de non occidendo. Credo fi revivifcerent ja patres illi libenter fpedlarent ingeniu foecundiflimi Beniamini Jonfoni, quem INTRODUCTION. ut Thuanus de Petro Ronfardo cenfeo cu omni antiqui- tate comparandu fi compta et plena fenfibus poemata ejus et fcenica fpe6lemus : cui non Catullianum illud et Mar- tialis funt in apologia. Nam caftu efTe decet piu poetam ipfum : verficulos nihil necefle ' eft, et " innocuos cenfura poteft permittere lufus Lafciva eft nobis pagina, vita proba eft : " Sed chartam amat vita innocentiorem, ut quam repofcet in aevii longu elegantiorum manus, cum pulvis et umbra tantu fuerit tarn virginis chartae pater: — " Ede tuos tandem populo Jonfone libellos Et cultum do6to peflore prefer opus Quod nee Cecropiae damnent Pandionis artes Nee fileant noftri, prastereantque fenes. Ante fores ftantem dubitas admittere famam Teqj piget famae prsemia ferre tuae Poft te vi6turas per te quocj vivere ehartae Incipiant, cineri gloria fera venit." [MS, xiii. pp. 24-25.] A fecond is to Bryan Twine — a forgotten fcholar, thus : — " Epiftola ad M. Bryonem Twine. " Sacerdotii? Romani? in Epiftola gratulatoria ad Cypri- anum eum papse noie falutant, illud nefcio quis abfurdus et faftidiens le6lor expunxit, reponens alicubi Epifcopum, ci? papa fit honefti? fatis vocabulu ut ex multis patet, et ex elaboratis antiquitatibus Stephani Pafquierei, fed bruta malitia hujus novi hois mirff qiianti? {e{e exercuit in banc ' Sic — of courfe fhould have been a couplet, as in the other quotation. INTRODUCriON. antiquam et plenam reverentiae vocem ubiq^ quoties re- peritur in oibuspropelibris refertiffimae Bibliothecae Richardi Fox meritiflimi Fundatoris Coll. Corp. X. in libris non tanti? Theologicis fed et medicis et juridicis, libris et librorfl titulis, initiis, medio, fine, ut cQ certiffimi? fit ftercoreum hunc Ariftarchum nihil preterea legifTe, (intel- ligere recSte non potuit talis infantia) vere mihi perfuadeam, banc h5Ts folertiam non fuifle fine adjutorio et divinatione ipfius Daemonis. Quare enim qui adverfus papam tarn furiofus eft, non et Dasmonem etia tot noibus et titulis famofu apud eofde fcriptores, nigro fuo carbone notaverit ? fcilicet hac venia agnofcit fibi patronfl et fuggeftorem tarn humilis veneni : hoc genus hominft fueriat qui parentff noftrorfl memoria fimili zelo martyres fecerunt libros manufcriptos et perire nobis infinitos incomparabiles authores, ut Rogerifl BaconiJ noftrfl de quo Johannes Twine in Hbello commetarioru de antiquitatibus hujus Infulae. Rogerius Baconus, inquit, Anglus, ordine Fran- cifcanus Oxonienfis incomparabilis Mathematicus qui nonnuUos aedidit ejus argumenti, nonnullos theologicos libellos, quoriJ qui de viiloria Chrifti contra anti-Chriftum infcribitur, dignfi imprimis cenfeo qui a vobis perlegatur. Cuius opera oia graphice manufcripta, et fortiter compadla, ab ignaris hoibus, ut erat temporii aliquot fuperiorii de- flenda barbaries, qui fe tamen fciolos haberi volebant, non intelle6la, et pro necromanticis damnata, longis clavis affixa tabulatis in bibliotheca Francifcanorii Oxonii, blattas ac tineas pafcentia, fituq^ et pulvere obdu(Sl:a mifere com- putrueriit. Hoc quanquii ab illis, verefimilitudine boni, ad h Iviii • INTRODUCriON. fupprimenda malaru artiu volumina fadlu : non dubitandu tamen quin eade opera at% ignorantia prseftantia aliqua fcripta prorfus extinfta fiit, quibus etia viris gratiae habendae quod ullis hodie fruamur. Ut ifti timore fuperftitionis magicae nobis Rogeriu abftuleriit, fic et Antipas ille nequior blattis et tineis, cii fuis puris putis congerronibus innumeros probos autores, ut efTent damnata charta miferut in offici- nas mechanicorum, quod fcilicet videretur lemnifcatis et rubris frontibus lavere triplici coronae [/ic'] feptingeminae beftiae." — (pp. 11-13.) Other Letters in this volume acquaint us with the odd, out-of-the-way, fpeculative inquiries, wherewith fcholars bufied themfelves in former days. Sometimes lore as fmgular as any in Sir Thomas Browne's " Vulgar Errors " emerges; fometimes there is the very /antq/Iique of in- genuity in dealing with Hebrew roots and words ; fome- times there is a throb of indignation with the credulities and tyrannies of Popery ; and fometimes there is a ripple of quiet laughter. I fhould like to fee thefe Letters and the pith of his Note-books — chokeful of learning — worthily edited and publifhed. ' Iter Lancaftrenfe ' belongs to 1636 ; and brings James down into Lancafliire and Chefhire and Cornwall, with open eyes for everything, and a felf-evident refolution to be pleafed with everybody and everything. Hereafter I fhall look into this defcriptive poem. For the moment I fimply remark that it muft have been a delicious efcape for the reclufe and aging fcholar to turn his back on Oxford and London alike, and hie him to the fait air and the rural INTRODUCTION. lix quietudes of Hey wood Hall for centre with excurfions planned over a confiderable circumference. His laft publifhed book was the following : — " Minucius Felix his Dialogue called OcSlavius ; containing a Defence of Chriftian religion. Tranflated by Richard James, of C.C.C. Oxon. Printed by Leonard Lichfield for Thomas Huggins. 1636." (12".) Prefixed is a little Epiftle- dedicatory to the widow of his patron Sir Robert Cotton. It claims a place here : — " To my Lady Cotton wife of S"" Robert Cotton of Conington." " Madame I have received many favours from you, & doe in thankfullneife prefent unto your Ladifliippe this my tranflation of Minutius Felix his dialogue, which confifts of three fpeakers, M. Minucius Felix, Cecilius Natalis, & Oftavius lanuarius. The one is judge, the other produces in a flourishing oration all the arguments of the Gentiles againft the Chrillian religion, & the third makes unto them fuch cleare anfweare as I believe it will reioyce a Chriftian reader to underftand. Wherefore as the better fort of Greekes, Romans, Italian, French, & others have taken a pleafure to render unto their owne nation what they found worthy in other languages ; I in this little peece have followed their example, annealing unto it fomething of my owne, for neareneffe of fubjeft, pray Madame let either have your acceptance & know me " Your faithfull fervant, " Richard James." * Annedled ' to the * Dialogue ' were three facred poems, viz., I. A Good Friday Thought. 2. A ChriftmafTe Caroll. 3. A Hymne on Chrift's Afcenfion. It is to be feared that Richard James was often in ftraits. His Fellowfhip in Corpus Chrifti probably gave him an academical home as he came and went to Oxford. Ix INTRODUCTION. But London, not Oxford, afforded him employment; not, it is to be fufpecSled, well paid. Anthony a-Wood plain- tively iterates and reiterates his 'drudgery.'^ It is grievous to realize how comparatively (lender an amount from his Church would have placed him out of anxiety for ' daily bread ' and brought him leifure to achieve thofe works on which he had fet his heart. Uncle and nephew found their mother-church very much a ftepmother. Even Anthony a-Wood felt this, fpite of his charafteriftic taunt that he was "a fevere Calvinift, if not worfe;"^ for he writes in his ' Athenae :'^ — " He was noted by all thofe that knew him to be a very good Grecian, poet, an excellent critic, antiquary, divine, and admirably well Ikill'd in the Saxon and Gothic languages," ..." Though humorous [== given to humours] he was of a far better judgment than his uncle Thoma[s] James, and had he lived to his age, would have furpaffed him in publifhed books." . . . " Nothing was wanting to our author and his ftudies, but a finecure or a prebendfhip ; either of which, if conferr'd upon him, Hercules his labours would have feemed a trifle." From certain memoranda that have come down to us we learn that his clofe application to ftudy and confined and laborious life, brought on a fudden attack of quartan ague or fever, while he was flaying in the houfe of Sir Thomas Cotton, Bart., near Weftminfter Hall, which carried him off after a brief illnefs, early in December, 1638, when in 1 "Athenas," by Blifs, ii. 629. 2 By Blifs, ii. 629. ^ Ibid. INTRODUCTION. Ixi the forty-feventh year of his age ; and in the fame month he was buried in the Church of St, Margaret, Weftminfter, in the Burial Regifter of which parifh he is ftyled "Mr. Richard James, That moft famous Antiquary."^ In the " Decanonizatio " I found — as pointed out by Mr. Corfer — the following entries in the handwriting of Dr. Thomas Greaves : — I. " Librum hunc cui titulus eft Decanonizatio Thomas Cantua- rienfis et fuorum, compofuit Ricardus Jamefius Veflenfis S.S. Theo- logiae Bacc. et C. C. C. Oxon. Socius, Vir integerrimus ac fide et morum probitate infignis, difFufae eruditionis, et cui vere illud elogium trib. Seld. in Marm. Ar. " Obiit 28° Decemb'' 1638 ex febrl quartana Weftmonafterii in aedibus Cottonianis an. ajt[atis 46,] et in asde D. Margaretae Weftm. fepultus eft. " 2. Jamefi quanto plorem tua funera fletu Hie mihi teftis erit Liber, et quae confcia flentis Oftendit crebras lacryniarum charta lituras. " Thomas Greaves." II. Critical. I thought it might lighten our little Memoir if I placed by themfelves fuch additional remarks — additional to thofe in their places in the Life — as feemed called for, concerning the Writings of our Worthy. Any elaborate ' critical ' examination of fuch were difproportionate ; but there are things in them and of them that it may be well to accentuate. I have already (in Preface and I. Biographical, pp. xvii) ^ Quoted by Mr. Corler, as before, p. liv. Ixii INTRODUCTION. claimed from the Univerfity Prefs, and his Colleges at Oxford, the refcue and revival of the " Decanonizatio " of Becket. I v^^ould urge that it is his great life-w^ork. No one w^ho has not examined it can have an adequate conception of the intelledlual force or of the prodigious width of the learning of Richard James. As Robert Aris Willmott has obferved of Bishop Warburton, ** That flame of genius muft have been ftrong w^hich fhot up through the rubbifh and duft " of his " vaft heap of erudition."^ His Letters — in Latin — and mifcellaneous Note-books, take us to the quarries whence he hewed the Cyclopean blocks of his " Decanonizatio." For myfelf it has been infinitely pathetic to turn over thefe numerous MSS. in the Bodleian, thus far thought out and written — in vain. His remarkable " Reafons concerning the attempts on the Lives of great Perfonages," like his Notes to Occleve's poem on Sir John Oldcastle, are on the fame lines of recondite {e.g. Talmudic) and enormous learning and reading with his " Decanonizatio." Even his Sermons — Englifti and Latin — have fimilar chara6leriftics. I fhould fuppofe that in learning he was the equal as well as afTociate of Selden and Sir John Eliot and the great race of contemporary Englifh fcholars. I had gleaned a number of paffages from the " De- canonizatio " for quotation j but on reconfideration I have concluded that it were only to repeat the old folly of pro- ducing a brick to give an idea of a building, to give from ' "Summer Time in the Country, Auguft 3rd." INTRODUCTION. IxiiL a large clofely-written folio of fully 760 pages, fuch mere detached fragments as our Introduftion could allow of. Befides, as prefixed to his Poems fuch quotations would be fomewhat out of place. The Letters to Ufsher (I. Biographical, pp. xvii) fufficiently indicate the importance which his learned uncle and himfelf attached to it. There is an Addrefs " Ad Le6lorem " in the beginning, which thus commences : — " Amice Le61:or rogatus fum faepius a venerabili quodam viro amico meo, cujus confilio et auxilio utor in re litteraria, ut ea fcriptis comprehenderem, quae aliquando familiari fermone difleruiffem de negocio Regis Henrici fecundi cum Thoma Archiepifcopo Cantuarienfi. Ecce ergo ea de re tra6latum liberiorem, quam ut majori cum fru6lu percenfeas, praefari de ea et propofito meo paucis operae pretium putavi " etc. The treatife itfelf thus clofes : " Atque ita Deo favente opus hoc Decanoniza- tionis exegi : — lUi femper fit gloria. Vivat Rex nofter Jacobus, vivat Carolus princeps, et fi imperio noftro Brytan- nico intra fines juris et juftitiae fe continenti nova ilia Carthago infidiabitur, ilia, ilia cum Papa et Jefuitis et Puritanis deftruatur." Of his Sermons — publiflied and unpublifhed — it is diffi- cult to fpeak without much fuller quotation than is here deemed expedient. I have read the whole with fome care ; and I admire the judicioufnefs (to fay the leaft) of Mr. Corfer's reprefentative bits. I feel that I cannot really do better than reproduce his remarks and fele6lions, as thus : — "The profe ftyle of James, which fometimes reminds us Ixiv INTRODUCTION. of that of the Author of the Anatomy of Melancholy, is exceedingly rhapfodical and abrupt, and inlaid with a rich embroidery of learned quotation. It is, however, racy and vigorous ; and though fometimes obfcure and affe61:ed, is occafionally ftrilcing and happy. The following paflage from his Apology for unhappy men, which is a Sermon on Pfalm xxxvii. 25, * I. have beene young, and now am old ; yet I never faw the righteous forfaken, nor their feed begging bread,' may be feletSled as a fair fpecimen. Of three Sermons which he preached, as Ant. Wood informs us, the firft, concerning the obfervance of Lent, was with- out a Text, the fecond againft his Text, and the third befide it. Probably this was the fecond, for he certainly treats the declaration of the Pfalmift with very little cere- mony, and pofitively denies his conclufion, at leaft in its literal meaning ; in this refpe61: falling into the not unufual error of reafoning on an ifolated paflage of Scripture, with- out fully confidering the bearing of the context, and its influence upon the true interpretation of the whole. The tone adopted by James is rather a Angular one, and feems more akin to that of fuch a writer as the Author of the Hijlory of the Man after God's own Heart, than that of a fmcere and pious believer fuch as James undoubtedly was. " ' For the infinuation of a begging fpeech, DauiJ might have beene the king of Beggars, or their learned fecretary ; yet to fhew that his righteoufnefle might fometimes begge and not bee fatisfied, Nabal a churle, fo hard as his cragges of Carmel anfwered Da'viJs fervants and faid : Who is David, and who is the fonne of IJhai ? There is plentie of fervants now adayes that breake away every man from his mailer, (hall I then take my bread, my water, and my flefti INrRODUCriON. Ixv that I have killed for my flieerers, and give it unto men whom I wot not whence they be ? If Da-vid will have bread from the lufticiarie Nabal, he muft leave his humilitie and the beggerifme of a fet fpeech, gird on his fword, and with a party of 400. men, after Abigail Nabals wife hath beene put in a flight, ftiee will come, and bring him a pre- fent, 200. loaves, 2. cheroes, 2. great goat baggs of wine, five (heepe ready dreft, five meafures of parched corne, a 100. frailes of raifins, and 200. calces of figges. A fturdy courfe prevailes better then begging. Peradventure righteous children in his fenfe doe begge no bread, when it is the more truftie way to draw the fword and get better cheere through violence j For when it cometh of meere gift, 'tis not all fo dainty ; as in the uncivill and unnaturall wars betwixt him and his fonne Abfolon, three more gentle countrey-men, Sobiy Machin, and Barzelai brought unto him wheat and barley, floure and parched corne, beanes, lentills, and parched pulfe, becaufe he and his people were hungry, weary, and thirfty in the wildernefle. In thefe Farmers gift there is no wine nor plums for an after fervice ; and ftrange it is, that a King in the courfe of his life fliould have fuffered all this ; and yet in the rapture and meditation of a Pfalme, gather unto himfelfe at threefcore or fourfcore an experience alfo divers, and fay as we have it in our old Englijli tranflation, which delights to word the Latin text ; Younger I was, and forfooth I yeelded, and I faw not the righteous forfaken, nor his feed feeking bread. TlJpfnCDj I yeelded, I grew up in beard and age, and I faw not this or that. But howfoever or whatfoever we heare from himfelfe, we fee it to have beene far otherwife in the truft of a faithful regifter ; and therefore I muft borrow in part the words of Saint Peter, and fay unto you, Men and brethren, let me freely fpeake unto you of the Patriarch Dwvid; For he was both hungry and thirfty, and went feeking and begging bread. Certainely, ever fince the firft Adam did eate of the forbidden fruit, and brought a curfe upon the earth, fince the earth left quickly to beare bread of her owne accord, even princes and principalities have beene fubjeil unto the terror of thofe words in the fecond of Genefis ; In forrow (halt thou eate of it, and in the fweat of thy face fhalt thou eat bread. We muft have either forrow and care, and paine in getting of bread with our fweat and induftrie, / INTRODUCTION. or in eating bread without labour of getting, we treafure up unto our felves the greater forrow of the gout, ftone, ftrangurie, dropfie, fkurvy, and a thoufand more tormenting attendants of lazienefle, and for the ufe of bread we muft pay alfo the tribute of our bodies unto the earth. In forrowes of mind or fweat of our body we muft eat the bread of carefulnefle untill wee be turned againe into the belly of our mother ground, faith God, in the fecond of Genefis. Pindarus a heathen Poet hath excellently expreft this fad travaile of our life for bread, where hee faith, ■^^''va.TapaTTovTiQ Trovriovre vddtp Kvvav TrapdL Sid avrav. In this life, to get a pittiful, poore, fraile fufte- nance, we are forc't to plow both land and fea, or as the Scholiaft will underftand, for bread or breadfworth whole nations are faine both on the Ocean and continent to draw out armies and fquadrons one againft another with mutuall perill and deftruftion. All men muft have forrow with their bread, and feme of all forts muft want bread. The Prophet Da-vid after the Patriarches wanted not bread alone, being righteous, but alfo many Prophets, many Saints, many Martyrs and Confeffours of the truth have been in the like cafe. Elias wants bread and would have ftarved, without a miracle of ravens and angels to relieve him. Lazarus is a Saint of an undoubted Calender, where farre off from the place of torments he was feene to bee in the reft of Abrahams bofome, who living was but a poore beggar, could get no other Surgeons then dogs, who came alfo for want of bread and liclct his foares, had no other hofpital then the louzie gate of a rich man, from whofe gormand table to his fliare fell no crummes, a little to refrefti his perifhing life. And the martyrs and confeft"ors which were ftoned, were hewne afunder, were tempted, flaine with the fword, wandred about in fheepe-lkins, and goate- fkins, deftitute, afflifled, and tormented, which wandered in wilder- nefle and mountaines, and in dens and caves of the earth, can you thinke that they were not oft to feeke of bread ? Then yet the righteous in this world may be forfaken, and they may both begge and want bread ; and we muft feek farther for a refolution of our fentence ; if firft I do remember unto you one moft famous forraine inftance of this cafualtie j Belizarius was a noble and brave gentle- man, a patritian of Conjiantinople, of goodly vifage and tall ftature. INTRODUCTION. Ixvii temperate, and compleate of all vertues, curteous to all forts of men, the fouldiers and fwaines were at ftrife who fhould love and praife him moft. The fouldier could not want either horfe, vidualls, or armes, where he was General!, and fo content with their owne pay and provifion did offer no violence to the Farmer, nor fpoile his labour. Hee led a triumph through the City for reward of his great deferts and fervice of the warres, he had fcowred and quieted all corners and quarters of the Empire, beaten the Goths in Italy often, broke the Vandals in Africa, brought the Perfians under fub- iedion, and forced the fallying Parthians to fit downe quiet from outroads, and molefting the frontires. Yet this man of men, as fome Annalifts report, was made by the jealous feare of a wicked Prince t^ tTrmnwv ai]i)oQ txarojg, of an honorable glorious Generall, a man extreamely poore, w tvx>J€ TrjS qtutov ! O the unftatednefTe of for- tune, cryes out Zetyes, had his eyes put out, made to goe up and downe with a woodden difli, and begge for God's caufe, that paffengers would give one halfpenny to the poore Bellizarius, who had beene a famous and viflorious leader of the Emperiall forces, but now had no eyes to leade him the way taken from him by the envy and emulation of the Court. TtyovE ?dhiffimurbar°o Frcc Lords frcc tenants loud ; againe they trye d°oubtbmfi5'camebr:uei; To louc their Lords in life and memorie. attended into r wars. Afliton of Middlcton, to y« I wcnt From my deere Heywood once, and there I fpent One fpace of leafure, to behould and fee The fairenefle of thy feate, and courtefie ; In which we kindely fed, flept, rofe againe Next daye, with other views to entertaine Free welcomme, and fumme miles beyond thy home Mounted vppon thy horfes we did rome, 40 Qua causa Dcus Romanes Vndcr thy guidancc, to a Roman waye f ecundO quanda formam tcr- _ r\ n • i • 1 renas civitatis bonos adjuverit High caft yct itanding, as pcrchancc it laye ad [antiqui] imperii gloriam ° •' a n • • • confcquendam.-dedit mer- From YoRCK to Chester. Aultins voicc IS truc. cedem bonis Romanorartibus terrcnam gloriam excciientu- Empire condignly was to Romans due. limi impcrij. Aug. Civ. Dei. * o j ITER LANCASTRENSE. Our wayes are gulphs of durte and mire, which none Scarce ever pafle in fummer withoute moane. Whilft theirs through all y* world were no leiTe free Of pafladge then y^ race of Wallifee, Ore broken moores, deepe mofles, lake and fenne. Now worcks of Giants deemd, not arte of men. 50 On theis their ftages flood their forts and tombes ; They were not onely ftreets but halydoms : So did their buifneffe fpeede, and armyes flye From Eaft to Weft, like lightning in the fkye. Now goe we to y* church of Middleton, To finde out there fumme glorye of our owne. At chardge of thofe good men, whoe went out far In fuite of our braue Afhton to y*^ warre. There ftands a painted windowe, where I weene The fhowe of their departure may be feene : 60 The Lord and Ladye firft in fkarlett ; then One neere attending of y^ chiefeft men ; Their garments long, his fhort and bliew, behinde The chaplaine of y* warfare you may finde In robe of y'' fame colour, for to fay Before an altar praiers of y^ daye On bended knees j him followe neighbours bould, Whoe doe bent* bowes on their left fhowlders hould. Their girdle fheaft with arrowes ; as y*^ fquire So are they all, courtmantells in attire 70 Of blewe ; like Greeks in Trojan warre, their haire In curies long dangling makes y'' femblance faire And fterne ; each hath his name, and people tell Nic. Bergier a French lawyer hath wrirten a lardge hiftorie of theis Roman high wayes. Peradventure thence in ye North a Roman forte is calld Reifingham. Reus, or Refe in Dutch fignifies a giant, and our ould ftoryes fay in a miiiake from hence y' giants aunciently inhabited this land and built their citties vppon high hills. Aunciently people did not vfe to burye in y<-' citties, much leffe fo frequently in churches. Luther's advife in this point is not only civill but allfo prefervative to ye health of cittyes. See allfo of this William Zepper in his ecclefiatticall policye, how monafiicall avarice brought funeralls to y" church. See Rivet and Beza. * The excellent prince Thomas Howard Duke of Norfolke with bowemen of England flewe King Jamye, with many a Noble Scotte euen brauvt [^ braveft] againil Floddon hill, in which battell y<^ ftoute archers of Chefshyre and Lancailiire for one day bellowed to y« death for their prince and Coun- trye fake, hath gotten immor- tall name and praife for ever. Afcham in his Schoole of fliootinge. Of y« wearing haire long or (hort, Galen hath a vcrie fine difcours. See allfo Lycur- gus proverb of it in Plutarch, tcrribile quiddam prs fc fert deiisii Galior et Scythaf capil- litiO. Clem. Alex. ITER LANCASTRENSE. With fuch camarades as That Oil v^ fame lands HOW their children dwell thofe of which Lanoue ,- n i x i i fpeakes y<= commendation in As vct fo Called. Lanoue, thv camaradcs his militarie difcouifes, all ■' i • i /- /!_ j our auncient wars were Qf mgn thcls wcrc, which feare would never, ihades fought, and fo it continued I believe vntiu y<= diiToiution Of death in Warlike fervice : Agincourt, of Abbycs, vppon y" lubbers '-' of which preffing beganne to CreflV, Poitiers, and Floddon field reporte be fulferd. They were fo -^ ' ' '^ ""/"/, '^"/°r."''"y,''^™"'"r= Their mightye ails, fuch as were never donne of life y* Bifhop Hooper in O J ' a fermon compiaincs how Qreatcr bv Roman or y'' Macedon. 80 twentie men could hardly ■^^'^"••'-' •-'/ j l^^^toTTtVZTi^. Were I y^ gentle Afliton, theis ftiould be ^JVagrJeme^UUTe"!: In pourtrait honour of my pedigree: ^^.i-'gati^f "^cx^a^'beT^ixl I would in ftatuc or in table make [^e^'^yeland.'"'"" """' A commclyc niew remembrance for their fake. And lett y^ ftate learne from my Aunceftrye What courfe is fitteft deeds of warre to trye, Not men of meaneft ranke, whoe preft putt on Withoute a fhirte, a poore mandillion, * Our great Sires were fo Whoe in defpairc of life more* willing goe farre from preffing to warre '^ • n r o o yt King Edward ye 3, in y' Vnto v^ gibbctt then againft y* foe, QO firft volume ofFroiflard, cap. JO o y 206, fpeakes thus to his foul- Middleton, adieu ! y* fetting funne doth trace diers at Dovore vppon their y o departure for France, que y^V tO V* Wcft, and WCC tO HcyWOod OaCC, fon intention cftoit teiUe J ' ... quii vouioit paffer outre au Where dairic worck goes forward, fairies fpinne, royaume de France, fans o * 1 ' jamais rappaffer, jufques a ^ J of their fercs good houfewifc praifcs winne. tant quil auroit fin de guerre ■* *■"" "'to r ^oVgtd'honeur'f^uiimTur' L^dycs of Courte and Cittie dames, not fleere, avoit^"enlr\'etrq:i fZ Becaufc I praife my virgins for this gheere : ;rbf ;^i!s':"ef 'vcilfi^'t This worck, this gheere, if ftoryes do not faine, '"°"™'' Was donne by daughters of great Charlemaine : This doing keepes them in a liuely heate, Fiiios quam primu setas And ftiU prefervcs a ftomack to good meate : lOO patiebatur more Francorii ,__, , . . • u u cquitarc, armis ac venationi- 1 hcy are not lazie, qucazic. Wanting breatn, bus cxerceri fecit : filias vero «,• r • i rr i j* Jl. laniftcio affuefccrc, coioq. ac Nor in E wan fainte palencUe bourding deatn ; ITER LANCASTRENSE. fufo, ne per ociu torpefcerent operam intendere, atq. ad oefii honeftatem crudiri jufTet. Eginhartus de vita et rebus geftisCaroli Magtii. Seeallfo Vivesdexpiariafemina. Sed fieminam faith he, nuUo modo placet mihi artiu quee mani- bus traftantur imperitam efle: ac ne principcm quidem, aut Reginam. Quid enim aliud potius aget aut melius vacua doinefticis negociis f Confa- bulabitur fcilicet cum viris aut alijs fa?miiiis. Quibus de rebus ! Temper loquetur ! nun- quam conticefcet f At cogi- tabit quae ? celer eft cogitatus fa-minw ac fere inconlians, vagus, peregrinus, iiefcio qua lubricitate devolvetur fua, etc. Both chriftian and heathen writers mention y<= reverence of ye fea unto y'' fands, but God's providence needs not any fuch weake proofes. The fand and peobles are indeede rowld up by y" fea, and fo aboute Winchelfey, Dele, and many other places, y^ fea doth as it were make a fence againft it felf. Chryfoftome vfes y* worde of reverence and Miuutius Felix fays neerely, mari intende, lege litoris ftringitur. But to thofc whoe haue viewed ye fite of fea and land tis apparant y' if God bad not made other fenfes of high rocks and (hores, a reverence of fands would not keepe y" feas from drowning all. They covett not as you to cloye their tripes With coles, lome, afshes, foule tobacco pipes : Happinefle attend them if they marrye. And comme lovers whoe not loue to varye : I wifh loue conftant. Lett us varie fportes Whoe are at leafure, and feeke niew refortes For recreation. Ormefchurch and y' Meales Are our next jorney ; we dire£l no weales i lO Of ftate, to hinder our delight. Y* guize Of thofe chaffe fands, which doe in mountaines rize. On fhore is pleafure to behould, which Hoes Are calld in Worold : windie tempeft blowes Them up in heapes : tis paft intelligence With me how feas doe reverence Vnio y^ fands ; but fands and beach and peobles are Caft up by rowling of y*" waues a ware To make againft their deluge, fmce y*^ larke And fheepe within feede lower then y^ marke I2C Of each high flood. Heere through y^ wafshie iholes We fpye an owld man wading for y^ foles And flukes and rayes, which y^ laft morning tide Had ftayd in nets, or did att anchor ride Vppon his hooks ; him we fetch vp, and then To our goodmorrowe, * Welcomme gentlemen,' He fayd, and more, * you gentlemen at eafe, Whoe monye haue, and goe where ere you pleafe. Are never quiett ; wearye of y* daye. You now comme hether to drive time away : 130 ITER LANCASTRENSE. Muft time be driven ? longeft day with vs Shutts in to foone, as never tedious Vnto our buifnefle ; making, mending nett. Preparing hooks and baits, wherewith to gett Cod, whiting, place, vppon y* fandie fhelvs. Where with to feede y^ markett and our felvs.' Happie ould blade, whoe in his youth had binne Roving at fea when EfTex Cales did winne. So now he Hues. If any Bufshell will Liue weft y^ world, withoute proje6ling (kill 140 Of ermitage, he fhall not neede to feeke In rocks or Calve of Man an ember weeke : Heere at y^ deferte Meales he maye, vnknowne, Bread by his owne paines getting, liue alone Withoute a callott or a page to drefle Or bring bought meate vnto his holinefTe. But hafte we back to Ormelkircke, leaft, I feare. Our friends departe, and leaue vs in y* reare j And home to Heywood, whence I joy to tell Gilbert de Stone being for Our ncxt nicw fallic to y^ holyc well, 150 y« time a trimme man of his -i i t^t m pcnne, was foUicited by ye Fourc miles beyond r Imt caftle, where our age Monks there to write their v . . . founder's or Saints life : when Doth vet bchould 3, doting pilgrimado;e. he required fumme memories ■' a i o o of him they had none at all. Authors, v' leffcnds writc and holye tales wherefore in a letter of his, ' j a j he fays tis no matter, for he Without book, fav v' whilom dwelt in Wales would write them notwith- ' ' ' ftanding a fine legend after ^n amorous vouns; pHnce callcd Caradoc, yc manner of Thomas of y D r ' canterburye and certainly ^YiQ fonne of Alaine, bomc of Rovall ftock, mode legends are written ' J ' after ye manner of Gilbert. Enflamd with louc of faircft Wincfride, Lord Thebith's daughter, whoe had promifed Vppon Beunous preaching, to liue aye 'b ITER LANCASrRENSE. A votall virgin till hir dying daye. 1 60 But, when hir parents vnto Church were gonne. Into y^ houfe came Caradoc anonne. And, as he fownd hir fetting by y^ fire Vndreft, he quickly opend his defire. To which fhe mildely fayd, ' pray, Sir, lett be, Vntill my parents from y*^ church you fee Returnd ; you are y*^ prince, and foone may gaine Their good confent to make their daughter raigne A Queene by mariadge : better cloathes I will In y*" meane while putt on, for to fullfill 170 Your lawfull pleafure.' To hir chamber fo She went, and foone doth through a pofterne goe To fave hir felf She fled, he did purfue ; Loue griew to rage, and forth his fwoard he driew, With which at one blowe, with an angrie looke Hir louely head he from hir bodie tooke. The head fell downe, and tumbling rowled was Into y'' Temple where y* prieft faid mafs : Beunous was y® priell ; fo ghaftly fight Sett him and all y* people in a fright : 180 Yet takes he vp y^ head, and marches on Vnto the bodie with procefllon. Curfe falls on Caradoc, and he with it Doth vanifh forthwith to infernall pitt. The holye man doth often kilTe hir face, And then it aptly on hir body place. Bothe coverd are with mantle, till he goe Againe to church, and end his mafle belowe, c ITER LANCASTRENSE. * See Eufeb. de prepar. lib. 4, cap. 1, for the Ethnic and now Roman fupcrfiition doe much agree. Cogita vero ipi'e tecu. faith he, cx- empla Vetera repctcndo, quam ifti fape, cum aifeflae valetudinis hominibus, ro- bur, vitam, falutemq. pmifif- fent, iifque poftea non fecus ac dijs fides haberetur, pauIo port ingenti pecunis vi ex hoc afflati divinitus merca- turae [genere] corrogata, quales tandem eflent mani- fefte deprehensu fucrit,impof- tores fcilicet ac circulatorcs, non autem dij cum decepti ab iJ3 homines infaultii exi- tum habujffent. Quid porro attinet dicere, ne populari- bus quidem fuis, et ejuldcm fecum civitatis indigenis vatesegregios quicquam prs- fidij vel opis afFerre, cum infinites ibidem videas mor- bis laborantes, claudos, cs- cos ac toto fape corpore mutilatos ? Quid vero in caufa fuerit, cur peregrinis quidem hominibus, et ex longinqua regione venienti- bus rerum meliorum fpes quafdam vmbratiles ac fuca- tas oficndcrent civibus autem popularibufque fuis non item, quibufcum tamen cos vtpote domefticis amicis, ac civibus derivatum ex numinum prae- fentia bonum communicate oporteret; nifi quod extra- ncos homines veteratorieE calliditatis ignaros facilius in errorem, quam alios fibi no- tes .acfamiliares impellerent, (^uippe qui artis huius impe- riti non elTcnt, fed vfitatae ludificationis uptime con- fcij ? And hence it is y' St. Godric and St. Thomas are fayd to have made a bar- gaine y' God ric fhould cure y° South, and Thomas y« North peoples difeafes. But for truth Harrye ye eight cured bothe their impoftures. See Gabricll Powell in his annotations vppon Giraldus his furveye of Wales. Firft breathing in hir noftrills ; by which breath, At their returne, fhe raifed is from death 190 As from a fleepe, he praying, and y*^ men Who there came with him, faying, * Lord, Amen ;' And raifed is as perfitt as before. Saving y* all hir after life fhe wore A circle in y*^ juncture white as milke. Which feemd to view, a thread of fineft filke: And fo, not loozing aught but in hir name. She thence from Breuna Winefride became. With Britaines wen is white ; but ftained red Still are y^ ftones where ravifht was hir hed 200 From of hir bodye in a fountaine cleere. Which at this cruell deede did firft apeere ; Since curing each difeafe, each fore and grief In thofe which of this Ladie feeke relief. Reade Surius and Baronius, whoe more From Thomas Afaph's Bifhop keepes in ftore. But Capgraue fayes, and truth he fays I weene. All things y* are related are not feene. Nay, here we fee,* y*" lame, y*^ halt, j" blinde, Bothe rich and poore, no health can ever finde, 210 And manye pilgrims dye vppon y*^ place, Whoe on their bare feete feeke hir healing grace. Nay, nothing of y® name of Winefride Is in Giraldus or Galfridus read, Whoe y*^ furvaye did write and y'^ ftorie Of their deere Wales, in which they glorie. Theis learned clercks of Wales of hir kniew naught. ITER LANCASTRENSE. Of Eicrius and Robertus Qr waud fuch talcs as SaloDc Robert brought : Salopiensis fee Ihon Bale ; r t) ' ^'^- They neither him nor yet Elerius cite. Though fumme men fay they bothe of hir did write. 220 But here to Templers cell were monkes put in Vnder our fecond Edward : then beginne Theis craftie fables: ftories they invent; They purchafe pardons which from Rome are fent; They build a ftruflure, chappell, cloyfters rownd Aboute y" well, to put of [f] cloathes they founde A joining roome : in feventh Harrye's time And in Queene Marie's ; with fuch toyes they chime Much people in with coyne to buye no health. But to encreafe their Greene-field Abbyes wealth. 230 The fmocks which now for bathino- we doe hire. Were then belike theis monks rent and defire. From natures fecretts poets ftoryes faine ; Naught els of poets doe theis monks retaine. There is another fpriiig ten This faire clccre fpringe, which courfes through v* hills miles diftant from Winefrid's r o ' D y well, where are fownd ftones Convcys fummc mcttall tindlure in hir rills, in great number fpotted m •' ' K-T^^, ?^T'' ^""T" °^ Which they make ftaine of blood. wnicnMr.Tredelcantlhcwes, J given vnto him by S^ Jhon guj. j-jq^ fj^g jj J Trever. As theis fprings Sn'Sofettrrlk: ^^^^ 1^^ 7^ ^^^dcs, and we to Chefter ride: ^^I'th^i/'cr^efrlnamr: Cheftcr a Roman ftation, where are fownd nothiftorye. y^g ^^^ fumme of their reliques vnder grownd. 240 The Romans hypocaufts did vfe, where heate Of fire putt vnder made them kindely fweate Aboue ; y^ bricks of fuch worke, lardge and fquare. In knowing Whitbyes houfe preferved are. Theis drie baths were of antique times y'' cure. ITER LANCASTRENSE. Which doe in many countryes ftill endure, And from my owne experience to be plaine, I thinke no waters are fo foveraigne. Of bucks and does, ftrainge beafts with peeled crowne, Were whilom manye cloyfters in y^ towne. 250 'Twas well contriud ; when Friers were fo nighe, I hope no fillers did of molaes dye ; Of which difeafe y*^ Jew Amatus fure Hath writt as well y*^ pittie as y*^ cure. Fond fals impofture ! can man's wifedomme haine The ftreames of Dee from gliding to y^ maine ? Three miles from Chefter lyes a common heath. Famous as yet with people for y*^ death Of Bangor Monkes, whoe came to blefle y*" fight Of Brockmail Chefter's Conful, put to flight 260 By Ethelfride Northumbrian king : from farre He came, incited to a bloodie warre By Ethelbert y* king of Kent, to flaye The Chriftian Brittaines, fcorning to obeye The pride of Rome in Auftin, whoe with flight Had made that foolifli prince his profelyte. Malice, rage, murder, and confufion Markes are of Romifh fuperftition : Rome plants in blood, blood makes her thrive wee fee ; For is it not pittie y' poore wenches (hould be putt to yo fliifte of abortions, molaes, and fo manye murders of their owne infants, as this forft Virginitie did enforce them to. See Vlriclc's epiftle to Pope Nicholas and ye re- pentance of Gregorie ye great in this pointe after he had fownd fix thoufand infants' heads in y" foing of his fifh- ponds ; fee more of this in Honorius Auguilodun. and Clemangis. Ethelbert did put Ethel- fride vppon ye aflion by ye infiigation of Auftin ye bloodie moncke, asit isclecre out of ye tranflation of Bede by King Alfred into y" Saxon tounge, howfoever y° Lattin copies haue it now quamvis ipia jam multo ante tempore ad caeleftia regna tranflato. fee Lifle in his ^Ifric. See Mafon and Jewell. There was a great confpiracie of religion to deftroye ye Bri- tanes, and to this way allfo Gildas was no fmall traitour. They came with their flags and croffes and having converted him vnto his wive's religion, he fiirrenders to them y' whole power of Can- turbury and retires himfelf to Roculvcrs in Tenet, inciting blood and warre vpon ye Britains whoe would notfub- mitt themfclves to ye info- lent pride of yo Roman church. The Brittaines vnder ye Romans fubfiftcd (till bothe in lignagc and landguadge, but ye Saxon Chriftianitie deliroyed both men and wordcs, according to ye Monks counfcll vnto Philip king of France, y' he rtiowld deltroyc all y" Greeks books The Turke to Chriftians is more milde then fhee. America, thy wofull tragedie. Was not more fell then this of Brittanie In lignage and in landguadge. Auflin's worde From Catnys to y" Mount putts all to fwoard. 270 ITER LANCASTRENSE. 13 as well as their perfons. See Foulc forCereflc of RomC, I IcaUC thv hcapC in Malmefburieiifis a confi- _ _ deration of theis Saxons whe- Of bloodic crimcs to God's revendge and threape. ther they were better men in o i their chriiiianitie or their ' Penigent, Pcndle hill, Inp;leborouo;h, gentilitie ;forImuch dowbte O ■> :> D o ' whether Rome makes chrif- Thrcc fuch hills bc not all England thorough.' tianiue of maimers. ° '-' I long to climbe up Pendle ; Pendle ftands, Rownd cop, furvaijng all y*' wilde moore lands, 280 And Malkins toure, a little cottage, where Reporte makes caitive witches meete to fweare Their homage to y** divell, and contrive The deaths of men and beafts. Lett whoe will dive As comineus fays of Into this bancfuU fearch, I wonder much Princes, they would not be extreme vppon their fubjeas If judges fentence with belief on fuch if they did believe y'- God ■' ° tooke cognizance of their Doth pafTc : then fure thfely would not for lewd* gaine actions. So I lay of judges. ^ i- -i y o If thej- did thincke there g^fj cHcnts fauour, or putt good to paine were a Divell, no earthly ' r o r hope or feare could make Qf jQj-,p. puifuitC ; for tCrrOUr of V" fiend them doe inch things as in or ' J ofTem '^And'how eve''r''"e ^^ 1°"^ ^^ God they would giuc caufcs end 290 'firep!nfe£^fiii£^ with equall juftice. Yet I doe confefTe, f^:rph;.rir:fBremt1m'! Needs muft ftrainge phanfies poore ould wiues pofTeiTe, ^?gera;penanr,"grati' Whoe in thofe dcfert myftie moores doe liue rm:rtis''brciT™;'te" Hungrie and colde, and fcarce fee prieft to giue gitim'e " iceTt" muli^Td 'hoc Them ghoftlye counfell. Churches farre doe Hand loco obiter dicere, fatis. enim ti 11 Ji_ ni- IJ banc caufam hodie viri em- In lay mens hands, and chappells haue no land diti difceptarunt tra£>ari con- rr-* 1 -n 1 1 /^ , ^1 1 P • tl fuevcrunt,frigidamautpotiu3 1 o cherilh leamcd Curatcs, though bir Jhon focu fuffundente Molocho qui t^ ^ r r 1 tttti taiibus hoiocauftis deieflari Doc prcach lor lourc pounds vnto Halelingdon. °An aiewife fo called, fhe Such yccrely rent, with right of begging corne, cording to°au! ° ^ ^""^ ^'^' Makcs Jhon a (barer in my Ladyes home : 300 * Of y'" French lawyers and judges wickednefle, fee y* great chancellour of France Michael Hofpitalius in his epiftle to Faber and to y** Cardinall of Loraine, to Marilliac y^ Arch Bp. of Vienne. 14 ITER LANCASrRENSE. He drinks and prayes, and fortie yeeres this life Leading at home keepes children and a wife. Theis are y*^ wonders of our carelefTe dayes : Small ftore ferves him whoe for y'' people prayes. But greater wonder calls me hence : y^ deepe Lowe fpongie mofTes yet remembrance keepe Of Noah's flood : on numbers infinite Of firre trees fwaines doe in their cefles light ; And in fumme places, when y^ fea doth bate Downe from y*^ fhoare, tis wonder to relate 310 How many thowfands of theis trees now ftand Black broken on their rootes, which once drie land Did cover, whence turfs Neptune yeelds to fhowe He did not allways to theis borders flowe. We reade in Cefar y* no firre trees griew Within this Ifle, if what he write be triew. But fure I am, y* growing heere, or fent With ftorme of feas, theis are an argument That God, offended with earth's crimes, did raine Till all once drownd was in a hurling maine. 320 Hence, tis* Sarayna, y* on hills we finde And inland quarries, things of fea borne kinde, Wilks, cockles, oyfters : threefcore miles from wale Of fea at Conyngton was fownd a whale Vppon a high downes browe, whofe ribs and bones With chance and time were turned into flones ; And ofte earth's bofomme yeelds y* rich prizd homes Of counter-poyfon fea-fifh vnicornes. What (hall I fpeake of foutherne yvorie You may fee this at a place calld y« ilocks in VVo- rold. Lib. V. de bello Gallico he fays. Materia cujufque generis, vt in Gallia eft, prae- ter fagum atque abietem. And it feemes Csfar did en- quire all things of y" Coun- trye when in y'^ fame place he could fay Nafcitur ibi plumbu album in mediter- raneis regionibus. And theis mines were after much ufd by y Romans, whence at Callclton a Roman fepulcher lately found had much led ore in it. Torellius Sarayna. Goro- pius, Palifli, and divers others have writt of this fubjeft. See allfo Fulgofius. Mr. Rowlt allfoofPertenhall in Bedford- fhire hath ye rigg bone of a whale petrified, found vnder ye arches of St. Neot's bridge. he now vfes it for a falt- feller. See many like things in y" cabbinets of Hubbart and Tredefcant, ye later of whome hath binne my fel- lowe traveller. For ye yvorie fownd in y" northeme partes of ye Ruflian Empire tis y*^ conftant relation of ye wood- men there whoe goe forth at certaine times to kill beares wolves etc. and ye Empe- rour Rodolph's lapidarie An- felmus Boetius writes of ye petrified unicorne's home, which is ye home of a fifti, manic of which it feems y° fluds buried in ye maine land. * See of theis things more in Septalius his treatife de margaritis, and Wernherus de admirandis Hungariz aquis. See Thevet's cofmogra- phyo, where he hath a fpe- ciall difcourfe of ye vnicomc. But I doubt not but y* as ITER LANCASTRENSE. 15 vcrers homd beaft to be a fi(h. others fo he and his Turcke Which vct fcas vaft doth in Pcchora lye ? -230 are deceivd in taking it for ■' • ■' •'"' a land beaft, when our North- SucH chano;es doe froiTi v'^ great deluo;e fprinsie, eall and Greenland dilco- o JO O r o J have proovd this ^iid fire fliall all to V® oulde Chaos bringe. jaft to be a fim. -' ^ Meane while y'^ works of nature and of arte To view and weigh, it is my pleafinge parte. I Hubberts and Tredefcants erneft prize, Whoe not of fecond notions doe devize. Where endles prate doth vainlye beate y^ eare. But to no worth our vnderftanding reare. At Norton Abbye, now y^ Brookfes land. Twice big as life Saint Chriftopher doth ftand, 340 One giant ftone, and in Hale chappell wee See in Afchams epifties Againe him painted with faint George do fee (iorye of St. George but for a In y'^ Eaft windowe. Hylin, lett thy penne refemblance, although now r ^ t i ■ n for a long time they wor- Once more from hence prooue y theis Ihews were men : (hippt him as a man with ttt- • i i n piiiie and gofpei and holly- And I from Wickham, if he be not nefh, day ; for all which there is _ _ no more warrant than ye Will fetch Saint Sundav to make vp a lefn mcere legend. According •' * vnto which at this daye they Qfretrivd Saints 1 and George for Sunday ftand, fhowe pilgrims y« verie place ^ ■' where ye Kings daughter was Qr cls he fcares y^ ftrong Maypolian band. delivcrd and ye dragon flaine J '-> J ^ by him. sceMounfieurBre- guch things I fawe and thought, in Lancafhire, nis his relation, and other O O ' ' itineraries ofyehoiye lands, ^j- Hcywood hall to trading Rachdale neere. ^SO wherefore I maye not vn- J o J-i fecmeiy parallel St. George y[„ f^fg bould harbour Hcywood, much I OWC with Saint Sundayc in ye y J ' wi_cafement of Wickham Qf praifc and thanks to y'^ where ere I goe. I love y*^ men, y'^ countrye, and y*^ fare. And wifti heere my poore fortunes fetled were, Far from y* courtes ambition, citties ftrife, Repofd in filence of a countrye life, Amongft y* Dingles and y*^ Apennines, Whofe fafetye gaue occafion to ould lines i6 ITER LANCASTRENSE. Thus riming, * When all England is alofte Then happie they whofe dwelling's in Chrift's crofte ; ' 360 And where thincke you this crofte of Chrifte ftiowld be But midft Ribchefters Ribble and Mercy ? My pafladge hether I not lifte to tell. Though then I fawe Saint Anne of Buclcftones well Hot with a chimney ; for fprings colde and warme Rifmg together doe y^ bathing harme. Bothe auncient and mo- \ /-^ n ^ a n • deme writers mention fprings At Ualteltoun y^ watcrs naturc Itramge, ebbing and flowing like y° tit-, . . . /- . , i. , • fea, but tiiey are deceivd. Which m lamc day doc divers vertues cnamge, taine fpaces of running and Long-fownding Elden holc, and Pooles vaft caue, ceaCng, but noconftantcourfe it r 1 with y« fea: in Wales fee ye The Icadmens grooues who hues of mole-warps haue, 370 * The Howorths are a The loftie Winyates, and wall-tiding fpringe, gentle familie according to_y. n • ^ i 7 n T1 r Ariftotie, becaufe they haue His worlhips brcetch and myites, 1 leaue to nnge ; had aexa'ov -^>^<'utov being in^, , r T H J ^/Tr^ 1 Edw. y-^ I. time preferd to 1 leaue, Decaule 1 hnde my Mule to weake be Lords of Howorth cartle. i r r> i yet in parUamentarie pardon To ling With arte y*^ WOudcrS of y*^ reke. of Henrye y« fixt's time ye " •' •' words runne thus, Reiaxivi- To mv two hoafts of hoiiour, Chctwyn, Crewe, mU3 Thomae de Haworth in ■' •' , _ com. Lane, yoman alias dio Whofe fcates and bountvcs our returne did viewe ; Thoma; de Haw de Rache- -' _ dale in coin. Lane, yoman, Xo v'' vounp; hevre of Speke, in Stevens right alias dio Th. de Haw. de-'-'°-' f ' O Todmerden in coin Lane. Whofc old Sirc did y* ftandards battle fight, yoman, alias dio Th. de •' o ' Haw. de Todmardene in ^j^^j fj-Q^ whofe houfe and name of late were feene com. Lane, gentilman, quo- •"■"" .. w » .t rrod^^lrlfgr^ffi^nS: Two chiefs of warre vnto our mayden Queene j 380 ?ort:Xyha"ue"r7amr, To Rigby of y« Hut, where to our cheere conJueroT"''"^ '" "'''^ ^' Wc pleutie had of clarett ale and beere ; Of Novciius Tricongius a ^o Sander Butterworth, whoe ledd me cleane Milanefe read Plinie, lib. 14, ' ^f'!;"-'.'^r^'n!TrJf*'!Vfn?" Through all y« catarafts of Healo dene ; lleman s armcs are for fume o / ' cu"?s''''Lf ye'venuL^and To Robin * Howorth, from whofe familie houfrgiut'"ther r'f^rt Great Noble peers derive their progenie ; 'Jlmngiyfctc'htSei^gree To Roman Nowcll, Afhton of Penkith, ITER LANCASTRENSE. rom a drunkard, and ye cups Trpl^nrl ,-.f U„l ^ n rr layiatherbeafigneofhof- '^'^^^^"'^ O^ Hale, tO all mv HeVWOods With 'italitye, three Chriltmas Rrn/-lr U^l C^ ri ^ ... , ups: for Noeiie in French ^™CK, Holcroft, Holt, this loumall Docme fends ignifiethChrirtmas, of which rirAPf-Jr.^ I r • i r ame there be aiiib genUe greeting, and tairc obfervance : — fo it ends imilies. iivij. 17 390 Hoc iter Lancaftrenfe fecit fcripfitq, Richardus Jamefius Vedlenfis An. Dni. 1636. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. INE I, 'High holte of woods ^ — The reference is to the name of Heywood, near Rochdale, in Lancafliire, and its probable etymology. The ancient fpelling was Y^ywode, which is underftood to defcribe, in Saxon words, the wood bounded by the water. The fite of the modern town of Hey- wood, when the name was given, was occupied by a large wood which covered the high bank overlooking the river Roch. Heywood Hall, the old feat of the family of Heywood, occupied the edge of the clifF, and from the garden hedge the defcent towards the ftream is very abrupt. The Hall pafled, in 171 7, from the laft of the Hey woods to John Starkey, gent., who rebuilt the houfe as it now ftands in 1722. There are other two places in Lancafhire identically named originally with this, viz. Ewood Bridge, which is the name of a hamlet befide the Irwell, a little to the fouth of Haflingden, and Ewood in Lower Darwen, near Blackburn, on the left bank of the Darwen "river, which in deeds of the fourteenth century is fpelled Eywode or Eawod. The popular pronunciation of each of thefe ITER LANCASTRENSE. names is to this day an echo of the Saxon name, being founded fhort Eawod or Awod. — A. ' Holte' = an en- clofure, flill ufed in provincial dialedls for a fmall plantation j a wood or grove ; but fee Promptor. Parvul. ed. Camden Soc. and Mr. Way's note thereon : vol. i. p. 244. — C. Nares, f. v. makes * holt ' = A wood. Saxon. Some- times a 'high wood'; but the latter is furely a miftake. For invariably the adjeftive is added when a * high ' wood is defcribed. He thus corre6ls the GlofTary to the Reliques (vol. i.) : " Bifhop Percy fays, fometimes it fignifies a hill ; but in the paflage he quotes from Turberville it clearly means no more than a high wood. " Ye that frequent the hilles and higheft holtes of all." True ; but 'highefl:,' not ' holtes '^^ry^, yields the meaning a ' high wood.' In the text there is a play on the ' Hey ' of * Hey-wood' in * high ', as alfo in * haye' in the fame line. — G. Ibid. * haye '. — From the Ang.-Sax. haej ; a hedge or fence ; a toil to enclofe wild beafts in. — C. Nares fays — * Originally a hedge ; from haie, French. Alfo, a kind of net to catch rabbits, chiefly by enclofmg their holes as with a hedge.' " A connie-catcher is one who rules warrens and connie-grounds, pitching his hates before their holes." — Minfhew. He quotes alfo Wyatt, Sylvefter, and Ben Jonfon. But neither the meaning * hedge ' nor * toil ' fits the text. We do not fpeak of a ' hedge ' as * enclofd with woods ', though we do of a wood enclofed with a hedge ; nor is a ' toil ' or maze thus fpoken of Is it not fimply ' hay' in its ordinary fenfe, and fo = grafly fields or meadows ? — G. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Line 2, * Or woddie IJle furrownded with fierce Jioods J — The river Roch, which, in time of continued rains, is a deep and dafhing current at this fpot, runs circuitoufly at the bafe of the hilly ground upon which Heywood ftands, on the north and weft fides, on its courfe to join the Irwell at Radcliffe below Bury. — A. Line 4, ' Heywood, wombe and graue.^ — The Poet be- ftows his laudation upon the fpot as the mother-foil of the race of the Heywoods, and alfo their place of fepulture from remote generations. — A. See our Introduction on the Heywoods generally and the Author's friend Robert Hey- wood in particular. — G. Line ^,' board and bed.'' ■=hQA and board or entertainment. Line 6, * Kinde^ i.e. by nature. See marginal note. — C. So Shakefpeare in Titus Andron. (ii. i), " Fitted by kind for rape and villainy" = natural difpofition. Or, Is there an aftrological reference, and * Kinde ' = Kin ? — G. Line 7, ' bookland Heywood.' — A ' bookland ' or bokland in former time was a term equivalent to a freehold. See the note in the margin explanatory. — A. Line 9, 'gift of Berries Lord.' — The reference — as noted in the margin — is to the grant made by Adam de Byry, Lord of Bury in Lancafhire, by undated charter, proba- bly near the end of the thirteenth century, to Peter de Hewode of ' one part of the land called Hewode ' within fpecified bounds ; which was the fource of the poffeflion of the eftate by the Heywood family. But the grant was later than the reign of * fecond Harrie ' mentioned by the Poet. — A. The reader who cares for fuch lore will find ITER LANCASTRENSE. the original Latin charter in loco in Mr. Corfer's edition of the Iter Lancajlrenfe. — G. Ibid. ' peeresj — There is a punning play on the name of ' Peers Ewood.' — G. Line ii, ' towne-devouring Jheep.' — A hint that in thole days the territorial lords had become indifferent to the condition of the tenantry and peafantry on their eftates, and cared only for the increafe of their cattle and fheep. — A. The fame complaint has been made fmce, e.g. in the depopulation of vaft diftri^ts of the Highlands of Scotland for deer and other game. I found in the backwoods of Canada Sutherlandfhire Highlanders kindling into rage and denunciation of that policy that robbed Scotland of her * men ' that beafts and birds might take their place. Bitterly, yet alfo pathetically, would they add, * perhaps we'll be miffed fome day when moft needed.' — G. Line 14, ' bolde Francklins.' — Nares,y^ v. defervesa place here : — " A freeholder or yeoman, a man above a vaffal, or villain, but not a gentleman. But the ufage varied. * Not fwear it, now I am a gentleman .? let boors and franklins fay it, I'll fwear it.' {JVint. Tale, v. 2.) 'There is a franklin in the wilds of Kent hath brought three hundred marks with him in gold.' (i Henry IV. ii. I.) 'Pro- vide me prefently / A riding fuit, no coftlier than would fit / A franklin s houfewife.' [Cyrnb. iii. 2.) In the following, it feems to mean a kind of waiting gentleman, or groom of the chambers : ' But entered in a fpacious court they fee, &c. Where them does meet 2i franklin f'aire and free. And entertaines with comely courteous glee.' Spenser, F. Q., I. x. 6. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 23 Thus low was the eftimation of a /rank/in in the reign of Elizabeth. In earlier times he was a perfonage of much more dignity, and feems to have been diftinguiflied from a common freeholder by the greatnefs of his pofleflions. Qh^ucev's franhlein is evidently a very rich and luxurious gentleman ; he was the chief man at the feflions, and had been fherifF, and frequently knight of the {hire. See Cant. Tales, v. 333, and Mr. Tyrwhitt's note upon it." The latter part of this note is confirmed by that in the margin. Mr. Corfer quotes " the whole character " in Chaucer (11. 333-362), " as there is a better reading of this palTage in Tyrwhitt's Edit." [i.e. the couplet cited in the margin] ; but as every book-lover is familiar with the pafTage, it is not deemed needful to give it here, efpecially as the alleged ' better reading ' is fimply the fubftitution of * time ' for ' there.' — G. The Heywoods were of the clafs of franklins, and doubtlefs fome of them followed their chief lord, the Lord of Bury, to the wars in the early period referred to. — A. Line 16, ' looze' = \o(q, i.e. pledging themfelves to * lofe ' their ' life ' rather than * lofe' honour. — G. Line 17, ' Fulchis of Crew in ChefshireJ" — This was Sir Robert Foulfehurft, whofe wife Elizabeth, d. and fole heirefs of Thomas Praers of Barthomley, brought to him the manor of Crewe in Chefhire. He was one of the four efquires of Lord Audley at the battle of Poiiliers, in 1356. He died in 1390. James gives the ftory of his heroifm as a local tradition. It is not recorded in FroifTart.— A. 14- I'TER LANCASrRENSE. Line 25, ' Goodwives of Nantwich.' — Nantwich is the neareft town to Crewe, about four miles off; and Crewe, which is now a large railway town, was hardly a hamlet when Foulfehurft flourifhed, fo that the foldiers who fought under him would chiefly be the hufbands and fons of the * goodwives of Nantwich.' This explains the brave fquire of Crewe's refolution. — A. Line 27, ' Talbot, France's terrour^ — Jo^^n Talbot, firft Earl of Shrewfbury, furnamed for his bravery the Englifh Achilles ; of whom Hall in his Chronicle fays : — " This man was to the French people a very fcourge and a daily terror, infomuch that as his perfon was fearful and terrible to his adverfaries prefent, fo his name and fame was fpite- ful and dreadful to the common people abfent ; infomuch that women in France, to feare their young children, would crye, the Talbot cometh, the Talbot cometh." And Edward Kirke, in his GlofTe or Commentary on Spenfer's Shepheardes Calendar, 4to, 1579, remarks, in his notes on the month of June, that " the Frenchmen ufed to fay of that valiant captayne, the uerie fcourge of Fraunce, the Lorde of Thalbot, afterwarde Erie of Shrewfburie, whofe nobleneffe bred fuch a terrour in the heartes of the French, that oft tymes euen great armyes were defai£led and put to flight at the only hearing of hys name. In fo muche that the French women, to affraye theyr children woulde tell them that the Talbot comtxh." See alfo York's Union of Honour, p. 72. Battels. — Thus Shakefpeare : " In open market-place produc'd they me, To be a publick fpeftacle to all ; NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 25 Here, faid they, is the terror of the French, The fcarecrow that affrights our children fo." K. Henry FI. Pt. i. a6l i. fc. 4. " The fcourge of France ! The Talbot, fo much feared abroad, That with his name the mothers ftill their babes." K. Henry FI. Pt. i. ad ii. fc. 3. — C. The fame 'terror' was long a living legend of Richard Cceur de Leon of England in the Eaft, in con- nection with the Crufaders, as Scott remembers in The Talifman. I have heard numbers ftill living fay that in Scotland ' Boney' (= Bonaparte) was in their young days a name of 'terror' for children and older. So too with Wellington in the Peninfula, and Napier in India, — G. Ih'id., ' dide^ i.e. died. — C. Mr. Corfer has an elaborate note (pp. 26-28) on this illuftrious hero. — G. Line 28, ' Becaufe they would not from their fellow es ride.* — It is probable that the author, in this paflage, had in view the afFedling fcene between Talbot and his fon, de- fcribed by Shaicefpeare in the Flrji Part of King Henry VI. adl iv. fcene 5. It is thus alluded to by Yorke, in his Union of Honour (p. 266, ed. 1640) : — " It is faid by fome, that when they were in this fight," at the fiege of Chaf- tillon, " and that the Earle John perceived that he could not efcape, hee admonifhed his fonne, the Lord Lifle, to fly, faying, thou mayeft revenge my death afterwards ; unto whom he anfwered, it (hall never be faid, that your fonne fhall flie, whilft his father is fighting." — C. Line 33, ^ Ajl)ton of Middle ton.' — James here records a vifit he made, ftarting from the houfe of his dear friend £ 26 I7ER LANCASTRENSE. Robert Heywood, to Ralph Afsheton, of Middleton Hall. By an old by-road, the ride from Heywood Hall to Middleton Hall was about four miles. Ralph Afsheton was among the moft confiderable gentry in that part of Lancafhire. He was thirty-one years old in 1 636, when vifited by the Poet. In the Civil War, from 1642 to 1648, he was one of the principal figures on the fide of the Parliament in his county, and he rofe to the rank of Major-General and to the firft command in the county militia. He died in February, 1650-51. His having taken the Poet to fee the remains of a contiguous Roman road, fuggefls that Ralph Afsheton had a tafl:e for anti- quarian ftudies before he embarked upon the adventurous life of a foldier. — A, Mr. Corfer gives a very full account of the Afhtons or Afshetons (pp. 28-32). He has alfo engraved the monument of the Parliamentary commander and his wife from a tracing of the original in Middleton church. Thefe being thus already acceflible, I have pre- ferred giving Middleton church itfelf, never before — it is believed — engraven. It remains very much the fame as when James faw it. I am indebted for the photograph, after which my etching has been made, to my friend Mr. W. A. Abram of Blackburn.— G. Line 34, * my deere Heywood.' — See our Introduction on this.— G. Line 36, ' The fa'ireneJJ'e of thy feote.^ — The Hall has been demolifhed, and the fite has been converted into building lots. — A. Mr. Corfer writes pathetically of the deftrudlion of the ' feate.' It was fituated a little to the fouth of the church. — G. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 27 Lines 41-42, 'a Roman waye,' &c. — Remains of the Roman roads were apparent in feveral places in the dif- tri6t around Middleton in the feventeenth century, but moft of them have now been effaced. The * waye ' that the Poet rode in company with fquire Afsheton fome miles from Middleton Hall to infpe6l, was doubtlefs a fe6lion of Roman road at Hollingwood, near Oldham, a portion of the military ' waye ' of the Romans between Mancunium ( = Manchefter) and Cambodunum ( = Clifton or Kirklees), the fite of which latter ftation is a little to the fouth of the modern town of Huddersfield. There were other Roman roads in conne6tion with this from Man- chefter to Chefter, and from Cambodunum to York. So that James was not affray in his conje6lure, ' as perchance it laye from Yorck to Cheffer ' (11. 42-3). The expreflion 'high caff yet ffanding ', indicates that in 1636, when the Poet faw it, the ridge of the Roman agger was plain at this fpot. — A. See alfo Whitaker's Hiflory of Manchejler, f.v. and the Archceol. vol. i, art. xv. p. 62 (1770,4"). — G. Line 43, ' Jujiins^ ■='^t. Auguffine. Line 44, ' condignly ' = defervedly, according to merit. — C. Line 45, * Our wayes are gulphs, &c. — A graphically accurate defcription of all the roads in Lancaffiire in the feventeenth century, and for more than a century after- wards; wretchedly ill-paved and undrained, full of deep ruts and holes, and foon reduced in rainy weather to mere * gulphs of durte and mire.' Even in fummer, as the Poet adds, fcarce any paffed over them * withoute moane.' 28 ITER LANCAS7RENSE. The Roman caufeways fifteen centuries earlier had been very different. — A. Italy fliows to-day Roman roads as found and folid and fmooth as when made two thoufand years ago and upwards. What a glorious 'road' and drive it is along the Appian Way from or to Rome ! — G. Line 48, ^ye race of Wallifee^ — Ormerod, the hiftorian of Chefhire (vol. ii. pp. 195, 261-2), thinks the reference is to the Wallefey race-courfe, which in the Autobiography of Adam Martindale (Chetham Society, p. 227) is fpoken of as * Wallafie-Race,' vifited by the Duke of Monmouth in 1682. Wallefey is fituate in the hundred of Wirral, CO. Chefter. — A. See Mr. Corfer's note in loco for further details with reference to the margin-note on * Reus' or ' Refe.' — G. Line 50, * Now worcks of Giants deemdJ — The farmers and peafants in country diftridls where the Roman roads can be traced, ftill fpeak of them as the work of (mythical) giants or of diabolic agency. In fome places the roads ftill bear the name of 'devil's pad.' Thefe roads were fo old and fo far ahead of popular tradition that the common folk affumed they could not have been made by ' arte of men.' — G. Line 52, ' Not onely flreets hut halydorm^ — The Romans were ufed to place monumental ftones to dead celebrities by the fides of their great caufeways in the vicinity of their ftations, fo that thefe words are =: depofitories of hallowed relics, before referred to (1. 51). — A. This cuftom ex- plains the pathetic appeals of Latin epitaphs and other NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 29 infcriptions, continued by our own Poets, e.g. Crafhaw and his contemporaries. Mr. Corfer refers to Bofworth under ' Haligdom ' (Anglo-Sax. Dut. 34). — G. Line 55, */ church of Aftddleton.' — Middleton parifli church ftands upon a fmall hill near the road from Roch- dale to Manchefter, which there forms the main ftreet of the village. The church is an interefting building, chiefly of the Tudor period, having been rebuilt by Sir Richard Afsheton in 1 524 as a memorial, like the church at Hornby in Lunefdale built by Sir Edward Stanley, of the great victory over the Scots at Flodden Field in 151 3, when Sir Richard and his bowmen of Middleton fought under the ftandard of Sir Edward Stanley. But the church had exifted before from Norman times ; and is named a.d. 1 29 1. — A. Mr. Corfer quotes at great length from the old poem of Flodden Field, in Nine Fits, of which there have been half-a-dozen editions from 1644 to 18 19. — G. Line 59, * There Jiands a painted window J — This * painted window ' is ftill preferved, though mutilated and difplaced. Mr. Corfer gives in his edition of the Iter coloured plates reprefenting two parts of the window, the onedifplaying the effigies of Sir Richard Afsheton and Dame Anne his wife, with the date 'a.d. 1524'; the other, in two divifions, reprefenting the kneeling figures in blue gowns of the following perfons, whofe names are infcribed above : — Henry Taylyer, Chaplain, Richard ? Richard Kylld [? Wylde], Hughe Chetham, James Ger- rarde, John Pylkynton, Philipe Werberton, William Stele, John Scolefede, Wylliam James Taylier, 30 ITER LANCASrRENSE. Roger Blomele, Chriftofer Smythe, Henry Whitaker, Robert Preftwyche, Richard Berwick, and John Seddon. The Poet's defcription of thefe yeomen and others agrees with the 'painted window.' — A. It was well to have the fragile memorial fo far put out of hazard of perifhing, by the ' coloured plates ' in fac-fim'ile furniftied in Mr. Corfer's volume ; but a very flight ftudy of the faces fatisfies that there was no attempt at portraiture. They are wholly con- ventional and impoflible human faces. Thofe of Sir Richard Afsheton and his wife have a more natural look, and may have been taken from the originals or fome family por- traits. As before ftated, I have preferred to a reproduilion of thefe an etching of Middleton church itfelf (facing title-page). — G. Line 70, ' courtrnantells.'' — A curt or courtmantell means fimply a (hort mantle. — C. Line 74, ' On y^ fame lands,' l^c. — In the century and a quarter which had elapfed from the date of Flodden battle to that of the vifit of James, there had been no failure of defcent or breach in the occupation of the lands held by any of thefe Middleton men who had gone forth with Afsheton to the war. — A. Some of the names are ftill extant in the neighbourhood and over the county — moft in humbler circumftances. Mr. Corfer in loco gives entries of 'z number of the names from a Subfidy-Roll for the Hundred of Salford of 1505.' — G. Line 75, ' Lanoue.' — Francis de la Noue, an eminent warrior and ftatefman, was born in Bretany in I53i« He was early trained to arms, and diftinguifhed himfelf as a NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 31 foldier in various countries. He was at the fiege of Orleans in 1567 ; at the battle of Jarnac in 1 569 ; and at the taking of Fontenoy, where he received a wound in his left arm which rendered amputation neceflary ; and its place being fupplied with an arm of fteel, with which he was able to manage his bridle, he derived from thence the furname of Bras de Fer (Iron Arm), which he bore ever after. He ferved alfo in the Low Countries, where he rendered great affiftance to the States-General, but was taken prifoner in 1580, and detained by the Spaniards in prifon for five years. During his confinement he em- ployed himfelf in literary occupations ; and compofed his Difcours Politiques et Militaires, firft printed at Geneva in 1587, 4to, and at Bafle in the fame year, in 8vo, and fince frequently reprinted. He continued to ferve with honour under Henry IV., and was at laft killed by a mufket ball, at the fiege of Lamballe in 1591. La Noue was a follower of the doctrines of Calvin in religion, and was one of the earlieft writers, if not the firft, who advocated unlimited toleration of all religions. He was alfo againft the pra6lice of duelling. An Englifh tranf- lation of the Difcours Politiques et Militaires was publifhed in the fame year in which they firft appeared abroad, under the title of " The Politicke and Militarie Difcourfes of the Lord de la Novve ; whereunto are adjoyned cer- taine obfervations of things happened during the three late Ciuill Warres of France : all faithfully tranflated out of French by E. A." London, 1587, 4to. — C. Lines 75-77, 'thy camarades^ i^c. — The conftrudlion 32 ITER LANCASTRENSE. of the latter part of the fentence is, — ' which would never fear fhades of death in warlike fervice.' — C. Line 83, 'in table ?nake' — i.e. piilure. — C. On panel. — G. Line 88, ' mandillion.' — Nares thus explains the term : — " A foldier's cloak or caflbck. A loofe cafTock, fuch as foldiers ufed to wear. — Blount. It was called alfo a mandevile. The name was derived from the Italian. [Man- diglione, a jacket.] " A loofe hanging garment, much like to our jacket or jumps, but without fleeves, only having holes to put the arms through ; yet fome were made with fleeves, but for no other ufe than to hang on the back." — Randle Holme. He illuftrates with quotations from Chapman, Sylvefter, Dekker, and Copley. The Poet is fevere on his fpiritlefs and unpatriotic fellow-country- men (11. 89-90). And yet only a few years onward the Civil War revealed of what fplendid fighting fluff, well- led, the community were. — G. Line 92, * Wee to Heyiuood pace."" — The Poet's flay at Middleton, as the gueft of Squire Afsheton, feems to have been limited to two days ; on the firft of which he en- joyed the hofpitalities and courtefies of Middleton Hall, and on the fecond rode over the country with his hoft, vifited the Roman ' waye ' about HoUingwood, and re- turning fpent the afternoon in the infpedlion of Middleton church and its memorials. About funfet he bade Mr. Afsheton farewell and returned to Heywood Hall. — A. Line 93, ' Dairie worckj iffc. — All the dames and daughters were bufy with houfe or dairy work, as well at NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 33 the Hall as in the farmhoufes which then occupied the trail over which the cotton-fpinning factories and town of Heywood now extend. Women, whatever their de- gree, in thefe northern counties led no indolent lives when thefe lines were written. Dairies were kept at the houfes of the gentry and yeomen, in which the female members of the houfehold did their part, and, except in the larger halls, little was left to hired maids. Others of the daughters fat at the fpinning-wheel, fpinning flax, and the matrons were fully engaged in the duties of houfewifery, in fuch a maiiner as to win praifes from their ' feres ' (huf- bands). — A. Are novel-reading and higher middle-life and upper ten ennui an advance on thefe ' good old times ' ways ? I for one trow not, albeit a living Florence Nightingale and her many followers, make us proud of the beautiful and unfelfifh devotion to ' work ' on the part of our contemporary woman (better word far than ' lady '). — G. Ibid., 'fairies fpinne.'' — See Brand's Popular Antiq.f.v. for this bit of Folk-lore. — G. Line 95, * Cittie dames, not Jieere^ — The Poet afks that Court ladies and City dames who might read his verfes would not ' fleere ' or mock becaufe he praifed the Lancafhire maids for their work and ' gheere.' ' Gheere ' refers to the articles of drefs and other fimple furroundings of the dames and daughters of Heywood. — A. The contraft between thefe healthy, blooming, happy Lancafhire female friends and the fafhionable London folks, is graphically made. There may have been a foup^on of exaggeration ; but the quaint accufations and infinuations of the city- F 34 ITER LANCASTRENSE. ladies let in a vivid ray of light on their v^^ays of living. — G. Line 97, 'Jaine' = feign. See Todd's Johnfon,y! v. — G. Line 102, * bourding.'' — i.e. mocking. — C. Such doubt- lefs is a meaning of the w^ord (= jefting) ; but here it feems = accofting, inviting, i.e. death. Our prefent ufe of the w^ord ' boarding,' i.e. living and receiving bed and board, feems (meo judicio) nearer the meaning. With their unnatural likings for ' coles, lome, afhes,' &c., they virtually invite and entertain Death. — G. Line 1 09, ' Ormefchurch and y^ Meales' In order to vifit Ormfkirk and the North Meols on the Lancafhire coaft, James, and his friend Robert Heyv^ood, vv^ould require to perform a journey from Heyw^ood Hall of fome thirty- five miles acrofs the country, by vv^ay of Bury, Bolton-in-le- Moors, and Wigan ; but the Poet makes no note upon the objeils of intereft en route, w^hich w^ould have rendered his itinerary of Lancafhire more fyftematic and lefs frag- mentary than it is in his poem. The journey was taken leifurely, the obje61: being, as he fays, to * feeke niew re- fortes for recreation;' and he exults in the refleilion that he and his friend ' direft no w^eales [w^heels] of State, to hinder' their delight. Of Ormefchurch (modern Ormf- kirk) he has no account to render, although it vv^as and is a quaint little tow^n, containing an ancient parifh church quite as interefting as Middleton, v^ith the mortuary chapel attached of the Stanleys of Lathom Houfe and of Knovi^fley. Not until he reaches the fea-fhore does he commence to NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 35 defcribe the features of the coaft and country of Lanca- fhire. — A. Mr. Corfer explains ' y* Meales ' thus — " Per- haps fo derived from Meol, a heap or pile, a conical hill, a towering hill with its top fmooth, or void of rocks and woods. See Owen's JVelJh D'i£i. 8vo edition. 1803. It is probable that Meales or Meols may be the diftridl of fand hills with reference to the Britifh word Meol." Lines 111-12, ' T" gu'ixe of thofe chaffe fands,' iffc. — Thefe lines depidt with much fidelity the afpe6l of the coaft between Churchtown and the fite of the handfome modern town of Southport, in the parifh of North Meals, and Formby Point, a few miles to the fouth in the direc- tion of the mouth of the Merfey at Liverpool. He found the views of thofe ' chaffe fands ' [in oppofition to wet fands] which did ' in mountaines rize ' along the fhore, pleafant and ftriking to behold. For ages windy tempefts had blown them up in heaps ; it was beyond conception to the beholder, how the fea thus paid homage to the fhore, fhaping it by its own a6lion into a frontier barrier againft its own inroads ; for the fands and pebbles caft up by the force of the waves in times of ftorm contribute ' a ware ' or weir, or embankment, to repel their own deluge at the high tides, which would otherwife fweep into and fwamp the low flat mofs-land inland. This paraphrafe of the Poet's piilure of the coaft in queftion needs no addition to its detail to render the image vivid to the reader. — A. Line 113, 'Hoes are called in JVorold.^ — Hoes from How, a mountain, mons. See Lye's D'lEi. Sax., Bof- worth's Anglo-Sax. Ditl. ; hoga, a how or hoe, a term 36 ITER LANCASTRENSE. applied to fmall eminences as well as greater ones. Tumuli are fo called in feveral parts of England. We find it appended to Clider-how in Lancafhire, Fox-how in Weft- moreland, and Pen-how in Monmouthfhire. But fee more on this word How or Halgh under Dunken-halgh, in Whitaker's Hiji. Whalley, 4to, 3rd edition, 18 18, p. 407 ; Thorefby's Due. Lead, by Whitaker, vol. ii. p. 129, on the word Gled-how, and p. 276 ; alfo under How-royd in Watfon's HiJ}. Halifax, p. 16 1, and Baker's HiJl. Northampt. p. 543, under Ayn-ho. The chief difficulty appears in the application of expreffions referable to hills of fo much loftier a chara61:er to the petty range of ftar hills or fand hillocks, fuch as we fee on the coafts of Lancafhire, Chefhire, and North Wales. — C. Ibid., ' Worold; I.e. Wirrall in Chefhire.— C. Line 120, ' Sheepe within,' is'c. — Behind the natural embankment of the fand-hills, the land ftretches eight or nine miles into the interior of the county in a perfe6t level, lying fo low that when James vifited the place fome 3,600 ftatute acres of it were fubmerged, forming the bed of the fwamp-like lake called Martin's Mere, which had been created by the accumulation of drainage water pre- vented by the ridge of fands along the coaft from dif- charging itfelf either into the fea or into the river Douglas near its mouth at the northern verge of the Mere. The Mere was drained out and all the land brought into culti- vation by means of works commenced in the year 1692, by Mr. Fleetwood, of Bank Hall, and completed towards the clofe of laft century by Thomas Ecclefton, Efq. A NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 37 main fluice or canal now carries the water drained off thefe flats forward to the fea, and is prote6led by maflive fea- gates J but at the higheft tides the fea water rifes con- fiderably above the level of the lands reclaimed and pro- tected by thefe important works. Thus the Poet's ftate- ment that fheep feed on pafturage-ground lower than the mark of each high flood, is corre6l. Mr. Ecclefton, who reclaimed the lands, ftates that the Mere was ten feet lower than high-water mark at the fpring-tides. — A. Line 121, ' y^ wafshie Jhoks.' — The fea is very fhallow for two or three miles from the fhore at North Meols, and abounds with fhoally places and extenfive fand-banks, upon which fhips drifting landward during ftorms in this portion of the Irifh Channel not unfrequently run aground and are loft.— A. Line 122, 'an owld man^ l^c. — Soles, flukes, and ray are ftill the moft common fifti taken in the nets of the fifhermen along this part of the coaft ; and thefe, conveyed by hawkers to the interior towns of the county, find a ready fale. This old fifherman whom the Vifitors meet and falute, feems to have been fomething of a philofopher. He took the vifitors for country gentlemen of eafy fortune, fauntering down to the fea-fide, whofe major difficulty was how to kill time and get the days over : — " Wearye of y*^ daie, you now comme hether to drive time away " (11. 129-130). Poor fifhermen had no time to diffipate. The longeft day with them {hut in too foon, what with the endlefs tafks of making and mending nets, preparing hooks and baits, and the aftual operations of fifhing, catching 38 ITER LANCASTRENSE. (befides the above-mentioned foles, flukes, and ray) fuch fifh as cod, whiting, and plaice, upon the * fandy (helves ' of the fifhing beds hereabouts ; wherewith to feed the markets and themfelves. Centuries back the land upon this coaft produced fo little before the marfhes were drained, that even thofe who held as freeholders or tenants-at-will a patch of land, were often more fifhers than farmers ; as the latter, doing no more than keeping a cow or two for milk and butter, and a fev/ fheep to feed upon the (hort herbage in the hollows between the fand-hills ; and perhaps growing a few roots for family ufe. — A. See our Intro- duilion on this * happie ould blade.' — G. Line 138, 'Roving at fea when EJJex' &c. — The ex- pedition of the brave and accomplifhed Robert Devereux, Earl of EfTex, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth, in com- pany with Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, Lord High Admiral of England, to Cadiz or Cales as it was then called, took place in 1596. In this expedition EfTex was the commander of the land forces, and is faid to have thrown his hat into the fea for joy, when the Lord Admiral, after fome delay, at length confented to attack the Spanifh Fleet. The enterprife proved completely fuccefsful, the city being taken, and the Spanifh Fleet de- ftroyed. For his fervices in this Cadiz affair, the Queen created EfTex Earl Marfhall in 1597. — C Like Shake- fpeare, Richard James goes out of his way to honour EfTex — a fuggeftive fail. — G. Line 140, * If any Bufshell will Hue wejl y^ world,' &c. — Thomas Bufhel, in order to try how far a life of fevere NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 39 abftinence would promote longevity, retreated to the Calf of Man (an iflet about three miles diftant from Port Erin, in the Ifle of Man), and made it his abode in the reign of James I. In that dreary and melancholy folitude he ap- pears to have died ; for not only is a fmall ruinous building ftill fhown, which is called Bufhel's houfe, but alfo a place on the top of an adjoining rock, named Buftiel's grave. " This cemetery is moft curioufly conftru6ted in the form of a crofs, containing two cavities fix feet long, three wide, and two deep. Immediately on the edge is a wall of ftone and mortar, two feet high. The whole is roofed and flated ; but except the before-mentioned application of this repofitory to the purpofe of fepulture, no probable conjecture has been formed of the ufe or defign for which it was conftru(5ted. The rock itfelf is only acceffible on one fide, and is called the Eye or Burrow. It adjoins the Calf at low water, but at high water there are forty feet of intermediate fea." — See Bullock's Hiji. of the IJle of Man , 8vo, 1816, p. 223. This Thomas Bufhel muft not be confounded with the perfon of the fame name who was employed by Lord Bacon to aflift him in his philofophical experiments, was celebrated for his knowledge of mineralogy, and became afterwards Superintendent of the Mint to Charles I. at Aberyftwith and Shrew^fbury. This Thomas Bufhel lived many years later, and did not die till 1674, and therefore could not be the perfon alluded to by James. See Wood's Ath. Oxon. vol. iii. p. 1 007, and Blakeway's Hifi. Shrewjb. vol. i. p. 423, &c. — C. 40 ITER LANCASTRENSE. How different is the fcene now at the fame fpot ! When the Poet was there he deemed it as ' lonely ' as the * Calfe of Man ' and out of the world. Now it is the fite of a watering-place as populous and growing almoft as fafhion- able as Scarborough on the eaft coaft, or Haftings with St. Leonards on the fouth coaft of England ! Southport, which extends nearly three miles along this fhore, and reckons 31,500 regular refidents, had not even a name a century fuice. — A. Line 142, 'Calve of Man.' See fupra on 1. 140. — G. Line 145, 'a calktt' = a ferving-girl, not at all as deteriorated into a * ftrumpet.' See Naves, f. v. I am dif- pofed to foften the ufual glofs (e.g. Dyce) of Winter s Tale (ii. 3), by James's ufe of the term here, which it is im- poflible to think was meant by him to indicate trull, or drab, or jade, or more than wench, and in no bad fenfe. — G. Line 147, ' Hajle we back to Orfnejkircke,' fa'r. viz. to rejoin friends left there by James and Heywood when they went forward to the coaft. — G. Line 150, *jv* holye well.' — This account of the legend of St. Wenefrede is related by James from a MS. Latin life of her, ftill exifting, which was then in the poffeflion of his friend Sir Robert Cotton, in a volume written on vellum about the middle of the eleventh century, containing a colledlion of chronicles and lives of faints, and now in the Cottonian Library, Claud. A.V. The authorftiip is attributed by James himfelf to St. Elerius, a Cambrian or Britifh monk, in 660 ; but Mr. Blakeway, in the HiJI. Shrewfb. vol. ii. p. 33, has clearly proved that it was NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 4.1 written at a much later period, and that " there is no document refpe6ling St. Wenefrede for five centuries after the time of her fuppofed exiftence." It was from this Cottonian MS. that our author compiled his narrative of this legend; and it is plain that, though conftantly occupied in his fludies and refearches in the Bodleian Library, he had not feen another MS. Latin life of St. Wenefrede in that library, written by Robert of Shrewfbury, prior, and afterwards abbot, of the monaftery of St. Peter and St. Paul in that town, in the reign of King Stephen. This is addrefTed to his father, Guarin, the prior of Worcefter, and extends over a fpace of forty-four clofely written folio pages, containing an account of the life and adventures of St.Wenefrede,and ending with a long ftatementof the tranf- lation of her remains from Gwytherin Church, near Llanrwft in Denbighfhire, where fhe was buried, to the abbey of Shrewfbury; in which tranflation Robert the prior, and author of this account, took a leading and prominent part. For further information on this fubject fee Alfordi, Fides Regia Br'itannicee , five Annales Eccleftce Br'itannices; Leodii, 1663, fol. vol. ii. p. 304: J. Capgravii, Nova Legenda Angl'ies ; Lond. 1516, fol. p. cclxxxxvi., b: Capgrave's Lives of the Saints, in Cat. Lib. MSS. Bibl. Cotton, p. 40. Tib. E. L edit. 1802. — See alfo Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints, Nov. 3d : Owen and Blakeway's Hiji. of Shrewfb. vol. ii. p. 34, where a fac-fimile of the writing of each of thefe MSS. is given ; and Pennant's Tour in JVales, vol. i. p. 46, and vol. ii. p. 180, edit. 18 10. Robert of Shrewf- bury 's Life of St. JVenefrede was tranflated or "reduced " G 42 ITER LANCASTRENSE. into Englifh by William Caxton, and printed by him in folio, without date, fifteen leaves, a copy of which is in the Royal Library. — See Dibd. Typog. Ant'iq. vol. i. p. 341. Another tranflation of this life was publifhed in 1635 by a Jefuit, under the title of " The admirable Life of Saint Wenefride Virgin, Martyr, Abbefle. Written in Latin aboue 500, yeares ago, by Robert, monke and Priour of Shrewlbury, of the Ven. order of S. Benedi6l. Deuided into two Bookes. And now tranflated into Englifh, out of a very ancient and authenticall manufcript, for the edification and comfort of Catholikes. — By J. F. of the Society of Jefus. Permiflu Superioru M.DC.XXXV." Small 8vo. with an engraved Frontifpiece, containing a view of St, Winefride's Well, and the Virgin herfelf kneeling before an altar. In 171 2 was publifhed "The Life and Miracles of St. Wenefrede, together with Litanies, with fome hiftorical obfervations made thereon. By F. Metcalf, S.J." i2mo. Lond. 171 2. With an engraved Frontifpiece. And in 1713 appeared the laft and moft copious Life of St. Winefrede, by the learned Bifhop Fleetwood j being the laft-mentioned work, republifhed with Notes and Obfervations, and a Preface, by the Bifhop, with the following title : " The Life and Miracles of St. Wenefrede, together with her Litanies. With fome Hiflorical Obfervations made thereon." 8vo. 171 3. — C. This was a longer journey than any of the previous ones of the Iter, the goal being Holye Well (Holywell), in the county of Flint, N. Wales. The diflance from Hey- wood to Holywell by way of Manchefler, Altringham, NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 43 Northwichj and Chefter, is about fixty-five to feventy miles, and would take a good couple of days on hoiTeback to reach it in 1636. Again, on the outward journey, he mentions nothing he faw by the way, but proceeds to give a defcrip- tion of the Holy Well, and an account of the legendary lore connedled with it. — A. Line 152, 'a doting pilgrimadge! — Cf 11. 209-212. Except William Craftiaw (father of the poet Richard Crafhaw), Popery had no more ftrenuous opponent than Richard James. See our Introdu6lion. — G. Line 199, 'wen is white.' — "Wen in the old Britifh tongue fignifies white, and other letters were by an altera- .tion added to this fyllable, to render more agreeable the found of the new name." — See Bp. Fleetwood's Life of St, Wenefride, p. 61, edition 171 3. — C. Ibid. ' but Jlained red,' &c. — In the tranflator's " Preface to the Reader " of the Life of this Saint, publifhed in 1635, after remarking on the multitude of Pilgrims who vifited the place of St. Winefrede's martyrdom, he adds : " The waters of this holy Well, feeme to haue in the more than naturall ver- tues, by giuing a mufky and moft delightful fweetnes to the greene mofle growing on the wals of this ftately en- clofure, and colouring all the ftones which lye in the bot- tome thereof with fpots, as it were of pure bloud, in them flrangely appearing." Li the Life alfo, the author fpeaks of the place being " feene and honoured by multitudes of people, daily vifiting her Well, as the miraculous Trophy of her martyrdome there fufteyned ; wondring firft, to fee fuch a fource of pure water breaking out of the ground 44- ITER LANCASrRENSE. vpon which her head firft fell ; next, to behould the flones therein, as with drops of bloud ftrangly ftayned, or died rather; and laftly, to fmell the greene mofTe growing about the Well, with a mufky fweet odour more than naturally perfumed." — Life of St. Wenefride, p. 179, edition 1635. The fuppofed bloody ftain upon the ftones is occafioned by an odoriferous vegetable produ6lion, the byjfus jolithus of Linnaeus, who fays that " the ftone to which it adheres eafily betrays itfelf by the colour, being as if fmeared with blood, and if rubbed, yields a fmell like violets." The fweet-fcented mofs which grows on the fides of the Well, and is found in other fprings in the neighbourhood, is the jungermann'ia afplenoides of Linnaeus. — C. Lines 201-2, ' a fount aim cleere. — Cf. Drayton's Poly- Olbion (folio, 1622, p. 160) for the fame legend. — C. Line 205, ' Reade Surius, and Baronius,^ iffc. — " The Life of this Noble Virgin and Martyr, was diligently and authentically gathered by Robertus Salopienfis^ a learned Monke and Priour of Shrew/bury, of the holy order of S. Benedi6l, liuing in King Stephens tyme, and for his great fmcerity, by Cardinal! Baronius, Surius, Capgrave, PitSy Poffeuinus, and others, worthily commended. Whofe booke coppied truly out of an old authenticall Manufcript, I haue heere in fenfe faithfully tranflated, and done no otherwife in altering the Authors old phrafes, fcarcely ex- preflible in good Englifh, then as if I had ftripped fome body out of Welfh courfe frize, and put him into a fuite of Englifh playne Karefay." — Tranflator's Pref. to the edit. 1635. — C. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 45 Line 205, ' Surius.' — Laurentius Surius, a voluminous writer and compiler, was born at Lubeck in 1522, and became a Monk of the Carthufian order in that city. He was eminent for his virtues and learning, and died at Cologne, May 25, 1578, aged fifty-fix. His principal works are y/ ColleSfion of Councils, in four vols. fol. 1567, — A H'tjiory of his own Times from 1 500 to 1566, 8vo, 1569, — and The Lives of the Saints, feven vols. fol. 1 61 8. It is remarked that Surius " did not want learning, but thofe of his own communion allow that he gave credit blindly to fables, and was deficient in critical knowledge." — C. Line 205, ' Baronius.' — Caefar Baronius, a Cardinal of the Roman Church, and an eminent writer of ecclefiaftical hiftory, was born at Sora in the kingdom of Naples, 06lober 30, 1538, educated at Rome, chofen Confeflx)r to Pope Clement VHL, by whom he was raifed to the dignity of a Cardinal, June 5, 1596. He was afterwards appointed Librarian of the Vatican, and died June 30, 1607, in his fixty-ninth year. His great literary work, in which he laboured for more than thirty years, was his Ecclefastical Annals, publifhed in twelve vols, fol., the firft printed in 1588, the laft in 1607, in which the hiftory of the Church was brought down to the year 11 98. There were numerous editions of it afterwards publifhed. — C. Line 206, ' Thomas Jfaphs Bijhop' — " Thomas Gold- well fub initium Odobris 1555 confecratus, circa folftitium ajftivale 1559 (Elizabethan Reginae primo) folum fponte mutavit, et in exilic viginti poftea per annos vixit. Magno 4-6 ITER LANCASrRENSE. conatu magnas nugas. Multis precibus a Papa impetravit Goldwellus indulgentias renovari nefcio quas ad tempus certum conceflas, fuperftitionis gratia peregrinationes fuf- cipientibus ad fontem qui fanilae Winefridae appellatur, et oblationes facrificulis exhibentibus qui ibi loci ex hoc lucelli genere viftitabant."^ — F. Godwini De PrafuUbus Jnglice Comment, vol. ii. p. 222. fol. Cantabr. 1743. — C. Line 207, 'But Cap gram fays.'' — John Capgrave, who lived in the reign of Henry VI., was Provincial of the Auguftine Friars, and confelTor to the famous Humphrey, Duke of Gloucefter, the firft founder of the Univerfity Library at Oxford. He collecSled together the various Legends of the Britifh Saints, which he publifhed in a more corredl form than had yet been done. Thefe Lives of the Saints were printed by Wynkyn de Worde, under the following title, " Nova Legenda Anglie. Lond. 1 domo Wynadi de Worde 151 6," folio. The Lives extend in alphabetical order to fol. cccxxxiiii., a lift of which may be feen in Catal. Libr. MSS. Bibl. Cott. p. 40. Tib. E. L edit. 1802. The work was reprinted at the fame prefs, with fimilar decorations, in 1527, folio. Capgrave, who is fuppofed to have died a.d. 1464, does not appear to be noticed by any of our later writers on biography. — C. Line 213, * Nay, nothing of the name of Winefride Is in Geraldus or Galfridus read, Whoe y" furvaye did write and y^ Jiorie Of their deere Wales, in which they glorie.^ — * " Moritur et fepultus eft Romae circa 1581." NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 47 " It is very fingular," remarks Mr. Blakeway, " that Giraldus, whofe turn of mind, at once inquifitive, credu- lous, and rational, would fcarcely have let him pafs over a worker of miracles of his own country ; and whofe fubjedt, a defcription of Wales and its marvels, would necefTarily have led to it, fhould not notice Winefride in the flightefl: degree ; and a learned philologift,^ himfelf a Welfhman, boldly declares, that fhe was never anything more than a name; Gwenvrewy, fignifying, according to him, 'the white hill water ^ the copious fountain of Holywell : an opinion which will not appear deftitute of probability to thofe who call to mind the numerous examples in heathen mythology of wells that have fprung from events fimilar to that of the legend before us, and recollecSl how clofely the religion of the dark ages copied the reveries of paganifm." — See Blakeway 's Hiji. Shrewjb. vol. ii. p. 42. — C. Line 214, 'Giraldus.^ — Gerald de Barry, better known by the name of Giraldus Cambrenfis, was born at the Caflle of Manorbeer, in South Wales, about 1 146. In 1 1 72 he was made Canon of Hereford, and Archdeacon of Brecon in the Diocefe of St. David's ; and on the death of his uncle, David Fitzgerald, Bifliop of that See, he was eleiled by the Chapter to fucceed him, but was oppofed in this appointment by Henry II. In 1188 he accompanied Baldwin, Archbifhop of Canterbury, in a tour through fome of the wildeft parts of Wales, to preach the Crufade. The refults of his travels were given to the ' Will. Baxter. See his Note on Hor. Ep. i, xv. 3. 48 ITER LANCASTRENSE. world in the moft celebrated of his works, his Itinerar'ium Cambrics. Little appears to be known of the later years of his life, but he is faid to have at laft attained the great objeil of his ambition, the Bifhopric of St. David's, and having died there fome time after 1220, to have been buried in his own cathedral. Giraldus deferves our admiration for his enthufiaftic love of Britifh antiquities, and was a voluminous writer, alfo, on other fubje6ts. The reader may fee a full lift of his works in Tanner's BibUoth. Britann. Portions of thefe were printed by Camden in his folio collection of Englifli Chronicles, but a complete edition of the works of Giraldus is ftill a defideratum. The Itinerary was tranflated into Englifh, with annota- tions and a Life of Giraldus, by the late Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., and publifhed in 1806, in two vols. 4to. with the Latin text as a fupplemental volume in the fame year, the whole reflecting great credit on the tafte and refearch of its learned Editor. — C. Line 214, ' Galfr'idus.^ — JefFery or Geoffrey of Mon- mouth, a contemporary of Giraldus Cambrenfis, and a writer of British Hiftory, who flourifhed in the time of King Stephen, was born at Monmouth, and probably educated at the Benedictine Priory in that town. He was made Archdeacon of Monmouth, and promoted to the Bifhopric of St. Afaph in 11 52, but refigned his See foon after, on account of fome tumults in Wales, and retired to the Monaftery of Abingdon, of which he was made Abbot by Henry H. Here he devoted himfelf to ftudy, and wrote NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 49 various works, of which the one bed known is his Chroni' con five Hijioria Britonum, firft printed at Lyons, in 1 508, 4to. It is filled with marvellous and fabulous relations, and muft be confidered more in the light of a romance than as a piece of real hiftory. An abridgment of it was made by Virunnius, an Italian ; and an Englifh tranflation of the work appeared in 1718, 8vo., by Aaron Thompfon, with a preface " concerning the authority of the hiftory." — C. Line 218, 'waud.' — i.e. waved, reje6led. — C. Line 218, ' Salope Robert.'' — Robertus Salopienfis, or Robert of Shrewfbury, whofe name, on the authority of Lloyd's MS. Hiftory of Shropfnire, is believed to be Pen- nant, was probably one of the ancient family of the hiftorian of that name, ftill exifting at Downing, in the immediate neighbourhood of Holywell. He became Prior of Shrewfbury Abbey in the reign of King Stephen, and was afterwards made Abbot. He was the perfon who caufed the tranflation to be made of the bones of St. Wenefrede out of Wales, to his own abbey at Shrewfbury, to enrich his foundation ; and afterwards wrote the life of that Saint, and an account of the proceedings on the re- moval of her remains in 1136. — C. Line 219, ' nor yet Elerius cite J — St. Elerius is faid, ac- cording to ancient legends, to have been a Monk of St. Afaph, who lived a.d. 660, and afterwards fettled at Gwytherin in Denbighfhire, where he became the inftruc- tor of St. Wenefrede, who was placed by him in a convent of Nuns at that village, under the rule of his mother, Theona; on whofe death flie fucceeded to the government H so ITER LANCASrRENSE. of the Nunnery. He was canonized at his death, and his body was afterwards removed to the Abbey of Shrewfbury. — C. Lines 221-2,' But here to Templers cell were monkes put in Vnder our feconde Edward.^ Bafingwerk Abbey, called by the Welfh Maes Glas, or Greenfield Abbey, about a mile from Holywell, was founded, according to Tanner and Dugdale, by Ranulph, Earl of Chefter, in 1 131, for Monks of the Ciftercian order. Others affirm that it was founded by Henry 11, fubfequent to the year 11 50. While Gabriel Powell in his annota- tions on Giraldus, and Bifliop Gibfon in his additions to Camden, both place its foundation fo late as the reign of Edward W. in 131 2, thus agreeing with James in the Poem. Pennant is of opinion that there had been a re- ligious community here confiderably anterior to any of thefe periods. He alfo ftates that Henry H. eftablifhed here a houfe of Knights Templars, for the protection of the Englifh pilgrims in performing their vows at the facred well of St. Wenefrede, of which the fpacious and elegant chapel is ftill {landing. If a houfe for Templars exifted at Bafingwerk, it muft have been contemporaneous with the exiftence of this older foundation ; but the exifl:ence of Templars here is not certain. The Monks of this Abbey kept a Prieft in the Chapel of the well, for whofe mainte- nance they had fpecial eftates granted. — See Dugdale's Monajitcon, edit. Ellis. — C. Line 222, ' then heginne Theis craftie fables : Jlories they invent.^ NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 51 The author of the Poem feems inclined to agree with Gabriel Powell in afcribing the invention of the legend of St. Wenefrede to the Monks of the adjoining Abbey of Bafingwerk, from the circumftance of no mention being made of it by any writer previous to the foundation of that monaftery. But there is every reafon to believe the tradition to have preceded the foundation of the Abbey by a long period. Mr. Pennant, indeed, thinks the legend of St. Wenefrede was known previous to the Conqueft. Holywell was anciently called in Cymric, Tre-ffynnon^ " the town of the well," and in the charters of Bafmgwerk Abbey it is called Haliwelle. — Leland, in his Genethliacon, in mentioning Holywell, calls it " caefa Trefontem virgine clarum." — C. Line 224, ' They purchafe pardons which from Rome are fent^ — The revenues of the Abbey were yearly increafed from the fale of pardons to fuch as came in folemn pil- grimage to the fountain of St. Wenefrede. Selden, in his learned notes on Drayton's Poly-Olbion, relates that Pope Martin V. in the reign of Henry V. furnifhed the Abbey of Bafingwerk with pardons and indulgences to difpofe of to the pilgrims. — C. Lines 225-27, * They builde aJlruSfure, chappell, cloyjlers round About / well; to put off cloathes they founde A joining roome.' The well of St. Wenefrede is one of the greateft curio- sx ITER LANCASrRENSE. fities of the county of Flint. It is fituated in a deep dell between the town of Holywell and the fea, and is molt probably caufed by fome ftreams defcending into the chinks and cavities of the carboniferous limeftone range of the Flintfhire Hills, and thus forcing their way out at this fpot. The fupply of water is always very confiderable, and after heavy rains great difcoloration takes place in it ; otherwife it is exceedingly pure, limpid, and cold. Above it is a beautiful edifice of the perpendicular ftyle of pointed archi- tedture, erected by Margaret, Countefs of Richmond and Derby, mother of Henry VII., all the parts of which are conftruiled of the beft materials, and finifhed in the moft exquifite and mafterly manner. This building confifts of a lower open hall built over the well, with a wall all round, and monialled arcades looking into the well. The roof, which forms a canopy over the fountain, is moft delicately carved in ftone, the interfedtions being filled with fculptured figures of animals and armorial bearings. Above is a room once ufed as a chapel, but probably afterwards turned into an apartment for the bathers to unrobe in. At prefent the bathers put their clothes in fmall wooden clofets, built at the fouth end of the lower hall, and the upper room is converted into a fchool. Outfide the wall is a fwimming bath conftruiled within an open court, and the fpot is greatly reforted to at the prefent day by perfons afFe6led with maladies for which a " cold-water cure " may be defirable. The effedls of the aqueous application are in- deed fo rapid and complete, in fome cafes, that the fuper- ftitious belief of olden times may be well accounted for, NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 53 and perhaps pardoned. — C. A ground-plan and interior view of St. Wenefrede's well and chapel appeared in the Jrchaological Journal for 1846, with a defcription by- Mr. A. Poynter, who afcribes this " elegant gothic ftruc- ture in the perpendicular ftyle," on heraldic evidence, to a date before 1495. He continues — " The building enclofing the well is ere6ted againft the fide of the hill from which the water ifTues, and forms a crypt under a fmall chapel contiguous to the parifh church and on a level with it, the entrance being by a defcent of about twenty fteps from the ftreet. The Well itfelf is a ftar-fhaped bafin, ten feet in diameter, canopied by a moft graceful ftellar vault, and originally enclofed by ftone traceried fcreens, filling up the fpaces between the fupports. Round the bafin is an ambu- latory, fimilarly vaulted. The water rifes from a bed of fhingle with great impetuofity. From the main bafin it flows over into a fmaller one in front, to which accefs is obtained by fteps on both fides, for the purpofe of dipping out the water, and from thence into a large refervoir out- fide the building. From the latter the water pafles by a fluice into the fervice of a paper mill, and after putting in motion the machinery of feveral manufailurers, falls into the Dee at a diftance of about nine furlongs from its fource. The chapel was reftored about forty years ago by means of a public fubfcription of the inhabitants of Holy- well. A charming vignette of the exterior of the chapel is given in Dean Howfon's " The River Dee, its Afpe6ls and Hiftory." — A. 54 irER LANCASTRENSE. Lines 227-29. ' In feventh Harryes time Ayid in ^eene Maries^ with fuch toyes they chime Much people in with coyne. ' Pardons and indulgences continued to be fold by the Monks in the time of Henry VII., and in the reign of Queen Mary were again obtained from Pope Julius III. through the afliftance of Thomas Goldwell, Bifhop of St. Afaph, who fled from this country into Italy on the accef- fion of Queen Elizabeth, and died there in 1581. James II. and his amiable confort. Queen Maria Beatrice d'Efte, came here, in order that her Majefty might derive benefit from the water ; and it is faid, not without good effe6ls being produced. — C. Line 230, ' But to encreafe their Greene-field Abbyes ^i;^^///;.'— "Multitudes of offerings," fays Pennant, "flowed in : — marks of gratitude from fuch who had received bene- fit by the interceflion of the virgin." — Pennant's TourSy vol. i. p. 51. Edit. 1810. — "Greene-field Abbey." See note on line 221. — C. Line 235-7, ' Tins /aire cleere fpringe^ which courfes through y^ hills, Conveys fumme mettall tin£iure in hir rills^ Which they make Jlaine of blood. ^ It has been already fhown that the fuppofed " ftaine of blood " is derived from a vegetable produdtion. James here attributes it to the water being impregnated with iron or other metal, for which, however, there does not appear to be any good ground of fuppofition. We have feen it NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 55 aflerted fomewhere, that perfons in Holywell ufed to re- member the Roman Catholics painting fome of the ftones with red paint every year ! " Credat Judasus ! " Bingley fays, " In this ftream it is remarked that the water-wheels are very foon deftroyed — fo much fo that an oak wheel, which in moft other waters ought to have lafted at leaft thirty years, has been known to become unfit for ufe in twelve ; a fpecies of mofs, the hypnum riparium, vegetates on the wood, and harbours the larvae of fome fpecies of infe6l in fuch immenfe quantities, that they foon eat even into the heart of the wood. On this account water-wheels formed of caft iron are ufed in the place of timber." — See Bingley's North JVales, vol. i. p. 52. We do not know the other fpring alluded to by the author in his fide note, " ten miles diftant from Wene- fredes well," but in that limeftone country fprings fome- times both difappear and burft forth in very curious locali- ties. — C. Line 237, ' now the tide,'' Sec. At Holywell the tourift has a view at low tide of the broad expanfe of the fands around the eftuary of the Dee. As the tide was receding from the fands, the Poet and his companions began the return-journey, and rode to Chefter, where they doubtlefs lodged and infpe6led the city next day. — A, Line 239, * Chejier a Roman Station.^ — Chefter, the ancient Deva of the Romans, was the head-quarters of the 20th Legion for upwards of two hundred years, and one of the moft important of their military ftations in Britain. Confiderable remains of Roman antiquities have been found 56 ITER LANCASrRENSE. at various times within its walls, confifting of altars, ftatues, pottery ware, coins, and other relics ; and alfo two baths. Of one of thefe, fome remains are ftill in exiftence, confifting of a hypocauji, fituated in Bridge Street, near the Feathers Inn, and engraved in Lyfons' Hiji. of Chejhire, p. 431. It is thus defcribed by Pennant : — "This hypo- cauft is of a redtangular figure, fupported by thirty-two pillars, two feet ten inches and a half high, and about eighteen inches diftant from each other. Upon each is a tile eighteen inches fquare, as if defigned for a capital ; and over them a perforated tile two feet fquare : fuch are con- tinued over all the pillars. Above thefe are two layers ; one of coarfe mortar, mixed with fmall red gravel, about three inches thick; and the other of finer materials between four and five inches thick j thefe feem to have been the floor of the room above. The pillars ftand on a mortar- floor, fpread over the rock. On the fouth fide, between the middle pillars, is the vent for the fmoke, about fix inches fquare, which is at prefent open to the height of fixteen inches. Here is alfo an anti-chamber, exadlly of the fame extent with the hypocauji, with an opening in the middle into it. This is funk near two feet below the level of the former, and is of the fame redtangular figure ; fo that both form an exa£l fquare. This was the room allotted for the flaves who attended to heat the place ; the other was the receptacle of the fuel defigned to heat the room above, the concamerata fudatio^ or fweat- ' Vitruviiis, lib. v. c. 11. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 57 ing chamber, where people were feated either in niches, or on benches placed one above the other, during the time of the operation." — Tours in Wales, vol. i. p. 152, ed. 1810; and Ormerod's Che/hire, vol. i. p. 295. Pennant alfo gives an account of a fecond hypocauft, difcovered in Watergate Street, in January, 1779, of greater extent than the former, containing two fudatories, but now entirely deftroyed. — C. Line 241, ' The Romans hypocauft s did vfe.'' — The brick walls of fome of the underground chambers of the Roman hypocaufts were exhibited in Chefter when James was in the city. Other fimilar ftru6lures have been recently ex- pofed. Dean Howfon writes (in 1875): — "Within the laft ten years, during the removal of an old hotel in Bridge Street, the ground floor of Roman houfes came to view, with fragments of teflelated pavement and other features familiar to us at Pompeii, and one of the hypocaufts, or arrangements for warming, can ftill be feen very complete." A century fince (1779) a hypocauft was difcovered in Water Street. — A. Lines 243-4, ' y^ bricks of fuch ivorke lardge and fquare^ In knowing Whitby es houfe preferved are^ — Some of thefe bricks, or large fquare perforated tiles for conveying the fteam, are now in the pofTeffion of Sir Philip de Malpas Grey Egerton, Bart., of Oulton Park. — C. Line 244, * In knowing Whitbyes houfe.'' — Edward Whitby, Recorder of Chefter, and M.P. for that city, was the Antiquary here named. He was the fon of Robert I 58 ITER LANCASTRENSE. Whitby, who was Mayor of Chefter in i6i2, and had a brother, Thomas Whitby, Sheriff in the fame year, who died before his brother Edward, leaving a family. Edward Whitby the Antiquary was chofen Recorder of the city of Chefter 13th Auguft, 161 3, 11 Jac. I., and was eledled M.P. for the fame city in the following year, 12 Jac. I. He continued to fit for Chefter to the time of his death, which took place April 8, 1639, at the Bache. He was conne6led by family marriages with the Gamuls, Alderfeys, and other refpedlable Chefter gentry ; and it is mentioned by Ormerod that among the MSS. of the Randle Holmes in the Britifh Mufeum, " are feveral of his papers relating to Cheftiire antiquities, in a hand generally illegible." His Will bears date 17th June, 1633, in which he appoints his wife Alice Whitby and Thomas Branand, Efq., his Exe- cutors, by whom it was proved the 29th April, 1639 ; and mention is made in it of his eftate, capital meffuage, manor, or lordftiip of Bach, &c. &c. Bache Hall, or The Beach, as it is now called, the " houfe " or manfion here referred to, in which Mr. Whitby refided, and " preferved " his colleilion of antiquities, was garrifoned by the Parliament, and deftroyed during the fiege of Chefter. It was plea- fantly fituated about a mile from that city, above a rocky valley from which the place took its name, Bach being the Saxon denomination of a valley. — See Ormerod's Hiji. Chejh. vol. i. p. 187, and vol. ii. p. 423. — C. Line 245, ' drie baths,' Sec. — It thus appears that our pre- fent hot-air ' baths ' (fo-called) were flourifliing in Chefter in 1636, and by James preferred to water-baths. — G. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 59 Line 249, * Of bucks and does '=:flang names for friars and nuns. This infinuation becaufe of the almoft invariable neighbouring of monafteries and nunneries, is an old gibe, too well warranted by fadls. — G. Line 249, 'peeled,^ i.e. bare, fhaven, alluding to the (haven heads of friars. — C. Line 252, ' molaes,' i.e. falfe conceptions. See Facciolati in V. Mola. It is merely the Latin word borrowed, a practice common among old writers. Gouldman, in his curious Latin and Englijh Dictionary, 410, 1 664, gives the term " mill " as ufed for fuch an abortion. Mola, /xi/Arj, caro informis, feu moles carnea, in uteris concepta, a mill, a piece of fleih without fhape, a hard fwelling, a moon calf, &c.— C. Line 253, ' y^ J^"^^ Jrnatus.' — John Roderigo Amato, a Portuguefe phyfician and medical writer, of Jewifh origin, flourifhed about the middle of the fixteenth cen- tury. He ftudied at Salamanca, and pradlifed furgery in that city, and afterwards in Italy. His attachment to the Jewifh faith, brought him under the notice of the Inqui- fition, which obliged him to fly, firft to Ragufa, and after- wards to Theflalonica, where he openly profefTed the Jewifh religion. His writings chiefly confifl of a large colleilion of obfervations on phyfic and furgery, entitled " Curationum Medicinalium Centuria Septem," publifhed feparately from 1551 to 1557, a work of great learning and information. The time and place of his death are not known. — C. Line 253, Margin-note, 'foing.' — Cleanfing, or making 6o ITER LANCASTRENSE. clean. Forby, in his Vocabulary of Eaji Anglia, has to fie, fey, or fay, as ftill ufed in Norfolk in this ienic. In Craven, to fie, or fay, now fignifies to clean out, as fifhponds or ditches. — See Promptor. Parvul. p. 1 60 and p. 175. — C. Line 255, *■ Fond fals ImpoJiureJ' — With chara6leriftic anti-Popifh feeling the Poet condemns the celibacy of the religious orders of both fexes, as a 'fond' [=: foolifh] pre- tence and a ' falfe' impofture, feeing that inftead of being a pledge of chaftity it was too often merely a cloak to pro- fligacy. It was as much beyond man's art to fecure virtue by fuch means as to * haine,' or retard, * the ftreames of Dee from gliding to y* maine.' — A. Ibid. ' haine.^ — This word is ftill provincial, meaning to exclude, as cattle from a grafs field, Somerfetftiire, Gloucefterftiire. It is obvioufly Ang.- Sax., henan or hynan, impedire. It is equivalent here to hinder. — See concerning this word, Jamiefon's Scottijh Dia.—Q. Line 257, ' Three miles from Chejier lyes a common heath, ^ Sec. — This event of the defeat of the Britons and the capture and pillage of Chefter, took place in 607, when Ethelfrid, King of Northumbria, urged on by Ethelbert, King of Kent, came to avenge the quarrel of St. Auguftine, Arch- biftiop of Canterbury, to whofe jurifdi6lion and authority, and that of the Romifh Church, the Britifli Monks and Ecclefiaftics refufed to fubmit. " Ethelfrid," fays Pennant, " was oppofed by Brochwel Yfcythroc, King of Powis, who colleiled haftily a body of men, probably depending on the intervention of Heaven, as in the cafe of the viSloria alle- luiatica; for that end he called to his aid one thoufand two NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 6i hundred religious from the great convent of Bangor, and ported them on a hill, in order that he might benefit by their prayers. Ethelfrid fell in with this pious corps, and finding what their bufinefs was, put them to the fword without mercy. He made an eafy conqueft of Brochwel, who, as the Saxon Chronicle informs us, efcaped with about fifty men." — Pennant, vol. i. p. 162. Ed. 18 10. — " Hoc anno 607, T^thelfrithus ducebat exercitum fuum ad Legir- ciefter, et ibi Britannos interfecit innumeros. Brochmail di6lus eft eorum dux, qui cum quinquaginta plus minus evafit." — Chron. Sax. 410. 1692, p. 25. See alfo Ran. Higden inter Rerum Ang. Scrip, iii. 228 ; and Bedcs Eccles. Hiji. ibid. p. 177. — C. James appears to have miftaken the fcene of the memorable maflacre of the Bangor monks. It is at a fpot more like fifteen miles fouth from Chefter than three miles, on the banks of the Dee, that the hamlet ftands, ftill called Bangor or Bangor Monachorum, in memorial of the tragedy enadled there. Bede, referring to the flaughter of the Britifh monks near Chefter, with his habit of detradlion of the character of the Britifh Chriftians, writes that Ethelfurth, King of Northumbria, a.d. 607, " having raifed a mighty army, made a very great flaughter of that perfidious nation (the Britifh) at the city of Legions (Chefter), which by the Englifh is called Legaceftre, but by the Britons, more rightly Caer Legion." 11 00 monks of the great monaftery at Bangor perifhed in this maflacre. — A, James's theory of the ?notif of the mafllicre (11. 261-66) muft be read cu?n gram falis. Then, as fince, hideous things were done in the name of Chrift, 62 ITER LANCASTRENSE. though in profoundeft antagonifm to His fpirit and teach- ing.— G. Lines i']\-i']'i^y' America^ thy wofull tragedie^ Was not 7nore fell than this of Brittanie, In lignage and in landguadge.'' James, in his fierce and bitter enmity againft the Romanifts, is here of courfe alluding to the horrible outrages and cruelties practifed by the Spaniards in the conqueft of Mexico, by Fernando Cortes, and their cruel treatment of the unfortunate Emperor Montezuma, and of his officers, who were publicly burnt alive ; and alfo in the conqueft of Peru by the fame nation, under the celebrated Pizarro, whofe treatment of the innocent and defencelefs Peruvians calls forth feelings of the moft genuine pity and compaffion, and has left an eternal ftain of infamy on the Spanifh name. — See Robertfon's Hijl. of America. — C. Line 274, * From Catnys to y^ Mount J i.e. from Caithnefs in Scotland to St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall. — C. Line 276, * threaped — To threap, Ang.-Sax., bjieapian, or bjieajian, fignifies to perfift in a fail or argument, be it right or wrong; alfo to chide or cenfure, to blame or rebuke. But here it rather means reprovement, or punifh- ment. See on this word Grofe's Prov. Glofs. ; Nares's Glofs. ; and Jamiefon's Scottijh Di£i. — C. Line 277, ' Penigent, Pendle hill, Ingleborough, Three fuch hills be not all England thorough.* This is an old local proverb, or fort of proverbial rhyme, and may be found in Grofe's Provincial Glojfary, amongft NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 63 the Yorkfhire Proverbs, p. 94. Ed. 1841. 4to. Ray gives it thus : — *' Ingleborough, Pendle, and Penigent, Are the higheft hills between Scotland and Trent." Proverbs, p. 238, ed. 1768, — C. This diftich had its origin at a time w^hen the people knew^ little of Englifh geography beyond their ow^n diftricSt, and in hilly diftri61:s confidered their own principal hills the higheft and grandeft in the country. South of the Cum- berland and Weftmoreland ranges, however, there are no mountains of bolder altitude than thefe principal ridges of the Pennine range, which flanks the upper valleys of the Lune and Ribble, and extends fouthward through Weft Yorkfliire and Eaft Lancafliire into Derbyfliire. Whern- fide, not named in the couplet, is the higheft fummit of the range (2384 feet), Ingleborough being 1361 feet, Penigent 2270 feet, and Pendle 1831 feet. An earlier poetic allufion by half a century than James, to thefe mountains, is found in Drayton's Poly-Olbion (27th Song), e.g. " From Penigent's proud foot, as from my fource I Aide, That mountaine my proud fyre, in height of all his pride. Takes pleafure in my courfe, as in his firft-borne flood ; And Ingleborow Hill of that Olympian Brood, With Pendle, of the North the higheft hills that be, Doe wiftly me behold, and are beheld of me." — A. Lines 277-279, * I long to climb up Pendle.^ — The next excurfion of our Poet was in an oppofite direilion from thofe which preceded — a ride northward from Heywood to Pendle Hill and Pendle Foreft in the North-Eaft angle of Lancafhire. The party on ftarting for this journey 64 ITER LANCASTRENSE. would proceed to Bury ; thence over the hills at Haflingden feparating the Irwell valley from the vale of the Lancafhire Calder ; and crofling the latter river at Altham Bridge near Padiham, would approach Pendle Hill on the fouthern fide at Sabden or at New Church in Pendle Foreft. — A. Lines 279-80, * Pendle Jiands, Rownd cop, furva'ij'ing all y' wilde moore lands ^ Pendle HilP is fituated on the borders of Lancafhire, in the northern part of the parifh of Whalley, and rifes about eighteen hundred feet above the level of the fea. The views from the fummit are very extenfive, including the Irifh Sea on one fide, and York Minfter at a diftance of nearly fixty miles on the other. But notwithftanding the boaft of the old proverb above, there are feveral hills around it of much higher elevation. Dr. Whitaker, in defcribing this part of the country, fays — " A very fingular phenomenon appears, which is this, that whereas the mineral beds of Lancashire preferve a general inclination nearly from eaft to weft of one foot in five ; and thence to one foot in feven ; here on a fudden the cruft of the earth appears to have undergone a violent difruption, in confequence of which the edges of the beds are thrown up into the air, and down- ward toward the centre of the earth. At an angle of no lefs than forty-five degrees to the horizon, immediately beyond this appearance, rifes the huge mafs of Pendle, which feems to have been thrown up by the fame convul- fion ; and immediately to the north again, appears a furface ' So called from Pen^ ox the Head. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 65 of limeftone, with its concomitant fyftem of plants and minerals, which, had the ftrata to the fouth maintained their natural pofition, mull have lain at a vaft depth beneath. The effedl of this convulfion is felt over a tra6t of forty- miles to the north, fcarcely a feam of coal being found before we arrive at Burton in Lonfdale." — See Whitaker's Hi/}. TVhalley, p. 278, 3rd Ed. 1818.— C. The fummit of Pendle is a wide plateau, a mile or fo acrofs, and two or three miles in length ; but at the north-eafl: end there is a flight rife in the ground, which is the * round cop' or cope, from which the wide expanfe of * wild moorland ' is beft feen. — G. Lines 281-3, * And Malkins Toure, a little cottage^ where Reporte ?nakes caitive witches meete to fweare Thtir homage to y^ dive 11.^ — Malkin Tower, in the Foreft of Pendle, in the county of Lancafter, ftood on the declivity of Pendle Hill, and was the place where, according to vulgar belief, a fort of aflembly or convention of reputed witches took place on Good Friday in 161 2, which was attended by feventeen pretended witches and three wizards, who were afterwards arraigned, Auguft 18, 161 2, before Sir Edward Bromley, Knight, at Lancafter, and ten of thefe unfortunate crea- tures were found guilty, and immediately put to death. The account of this may be read in Potts's IVonderful Difcoverie of Witches in the Countie of Lancajicr, \X.o. Lond. 161 3 ; and reprinted in the third volume of Lord Somers's Tra£is, \x.o, 18 10, with an Litrodu6lion and K 66 ITER LANCASTRENSE. Notes by Sir Walter Scott, Bart. ; and fince then for the Chetham Society, with an admirable and mafterly Preface by Mr. [James] Croflley, who obferves in a note to his Introduction, p. xlix: — " Baines confounds Malkin Tower with Hoar-ftones,^ a place rendered famous by the fecond cafe of pretended witchcraft in 1633, but at fome diftance from the firft- named fpot, the refidence of Mother Demdike, which lies in the townfhip of Barrowford. The witch's manfion is now, alas ! no more. It ftood in a field a little elevated on a brow above the building at prefent called Malkin Tower. The fite of the houfe or cottage is ftill difl:in6lly traceable, and fragments of the plafter are yet to be found imbedded in the boundary wall of the field. The old road to Gif- burne ran almoft clofe to it. It commanded a moft ex- tenfive profpe6l in front, in the dire6lion of Alkincoates, Colne, and the Yorkfhire moors ; while in another direc- tion the vaft range of Pendle, nearly intercepted, gloomed in fullen majefly. At the period when Mother Demdike was in being, Malkin Tower would be at fome diflance from any other habitation ; its occupier, as the vulgar would opine — * So choofing folitary to abide Far from all neighbours, that her devilifli deedes And hellifh arts from people fhe might hide, And hurt far off unknown whomever (he envide.' " ' Hoar-ftones, of which there are many in different parts of the kingdom, have been very fatisfadorily proved by Mr. Hamper to be Boundary ftones. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 67 Thomas Shadwell wrote a comedy on this fubje6l, en- titled The Lancajhire J flitches, and Tegue Divelly the Ir'ijh PrieJ}^ publifhed in 1682, 4to. and again 169 1^ which met with great oppofition at the time, on account of the chara6ier of Tegue o' Divelly the Irifh Prieft. The plot was founded in fome degree on thefe trials in 1 61 2, and the proceedings of Old Demdike and her com- panions. The play, by Heywood and Broome, called The Late Lancajhire IVitches, 4to. 1634, related to the other circumftances of pretended witchcraft, which took place in 1633. — C. There is fome difference of ftatement as to the exadl fituation of the 'little cottage' of Elizabeth Southerns, nicknamed Old Demdike. Local traditions accord another fite to that indicated by local hiftorians and by the erudite Editor of Potts's * Difcoverie.' But it was fomewhere on the ridge of the moors, a couple of miles fouth-eaft of Pendle, above the glen through which the mountain-ftream called Pendle Water flows. Malkin Tower, though but a fmall tenement, was vifible, James obferves, from the top of Pendle Hill. — A. Thofe curious in words will be rewarded by confulting Nares under 'Malkin' and 'Grimalkin,' as explanatory of the name here of ' Malkin's Toure.' — G. Line 286, ' If Judges fentence^ Sec. — See the fide note. — C. See alfo our Introdu6lion on James's advanced opinions on witchcraft. — G. Lines 294-5, ' and fcarce fee prleft to give Thefn ghojilye counfell.^ — James, though living at the time when the later trials 68 ITER LANCASTRENSE. of the witches of Pendle Foreft took place, in 1633, was fuperior to the fuperftitions that then prevailed, and attri- buted thefe idle and baneful 'phanfies' to their right caufe, the lonely and defert country in which the thinly fcattered population lived, and the ignorance and want of fpiritual inftruftion and ' ghoftlye counfell ' under which they laboured. The large parifh of Whalley had been deprived of its rich revenues by the diflblution of the Monafteries under Henry VIII., which had fwept away, with rapacious hand, the munificent fruits of piety and religious feeling, and which, fays the elegant hiftorian of this parifh, " by thus diminifhing the numbers of the clergy, deftroyed much of that influence which near in- fpe6lion and perfonal intercourfe with the people always produces, and by impoverifhing the foundations which remained, effectually prevented the introduction of learned and able preachers. For the effe6t was what might be ex- pected — the inferior clergy of that and the fucceeding times have been too often contemptible for their poverty among the rich, their ignorance among the refined, and their bad morals among the devout ; fo that from the want of a well-informed, refpeCtable, and refpeCled miniftry, a country antecedently fuperftitious and ftupid, has never been thoroughly evangelized to the prefent day." We fincerely truft that this melancholy ftate of things is gra- dually difappearing. By the building and endowment of additional churches, the multiplication of fchools for the inftruCtion of the ignorant and benighted poor, and a greater increafe of general knowledge and intelligence. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 69 accompanied by purer and better conceptions of the divine agency, thefe ancient abfurdities and debafmg delufions are faft dying away. The increafe alfo of commerce and manufactures, and of the attendant comforts and conve- niences of life, gives promife of increafed bodily and mental improvement, the happy efFe6ls of which are daily appear- ing in the progreflive extinction of thofe horrid and fana- tical fuperftitions which prevailed fo extenfively here in the fifteenth and fixteenth centuries, and rendered this parifh fo celebrated in the annals of witchcraft and forcery. — C. Lines 295-6, ' Churches farre doe JJ and In lay ?nens hands. ^ — Bifhop Gaftrell, in his Notitia Cejlrienfis, obferves in his remarks on the parifh of Whalley, that " The Abp. [Cran- mer] in his leafe of this Re6l: referves to himfelf and Succ: y* right of Nominating y^ Vicar and all y*^ Curates of y* fev" Chappells w^'^are therein named, viz. Padiham, Colne, Burnley, Church, Altham, Haflingden, Bowland, Pendle, Trawden, RofTendale, and Chap, of Caftle at Clithero." The Patronage of the Chapels, however, was exercifed by the Vicar of Whalley, which right was afterwards queftioned by Dr. Seeker, Archbifhop of Canterbury, but ultimately refigned in favour of the Vicar. For particulars of this conteft, with fome curious letters on the fubjeCl, fee Whit. Hiji. of JVhalley, pp. 152 and feq. 3d Ed. l8l8. — C. In the abfence of Parifh Churches, Chapels of Eafe had been built, generally by voluntary gifts of money and labour by the inhabitants, at Haflingden, Newchurch in Rofendalc, Accrington, Church-Kirk, Altham, Padi- 70 ITER LANCASTRENSE. ham,andNewchurch-in-Pendle,in the negle6ted diftriit tra- verfed by James in this excurfion ; but the titles of all thefe places belonged to the redlory of Whalley, which was im- propriated to the Archbifhop of Canterbury : neither were any glebe lands attached to thefe chapels. Almoft their fole endowment was the intereft on fmall bequefts by pious parifliioners, and fome paltry penfions to curates allowed out of the re6lorial revenues. The indifferent revenue of the chapels under fuch circumftances may be imagined. One celebration in the fortnight or month was as much religious exercife as was then provided in many chapelries. —A. Line 296, * In lay mens hands. ^ — It is not to be under- ftood from this that the patronage of the Churches was vefted in unworthy individuals, who negle6led to fupply the Cures with fit and proper clerks ; but that the perfons who officiated were merely laymen. " They fcarce fee Priejl." Thefe lay miniflers were ftyled Readers, and had no orders; and it is a curious fa6l, which we learn from James, viz. that the larger parochial Cures of Colne, Burnley, Church, &c. were fo impoverifhed that they could not fupport an educated Ecclefiaflic. It is quite certain that at no time after the Reformation were the Churches of Whalley parifh in " laymen's hands " as Impropriators. It is a circumftance now too much forgotten, that the ravages of the lay Reformers of the fixteenth century flripped the poorer Churches of their miniflers, and left NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 71 them entirely deftitute of the ordinances of religion j and that in a large proportion of the lower foundations in the remote parts of this diocefe there were only Readers to be obtained, who were fupported by the meagre voluntary offerings of their hearers. This ftate of things continued until the operation of Queen Anne's Bounty began to efFe6l a change for the better. The following pafTage on this fubjedl from Southey's Colloquies on the Progrefs and Profpefis of Society, is too interefting to be omitted : — " An increafe of clergy proportionate to the increafe ot the people is ftill wanting. But the firft fteps have been taken towards this neceffary meafure, and fomething has alfo been done towards training up a fupply of clergy for thofe remote parts of the country where the cures are miferably poor and the peafantry are the only inhabitants. Such cures were held in thefe northern counties by un- ordained perfons till about the middle of George the Second's reign, when the Bifhops came to a refolution that no one fhould officiate who was not in orders. But, becaufe there would have been fome injuflice and fome hardfhip in eje6ling the exifting Incumbents, they were admitted to Deacon's orders without undergoing any ex- amination. The perfon who was then Reader, as it was called, at yonder chapel in the vale of Newlands, and who received this kind of ordination, exercifed the various trades of tailor, dogger, and butter-print maker." Pp. 66 — 67, vol. ii. 1839. It is fomewhat furprifing to find how many laymen were formerly admitted to officiate in the remote Chapels 72 ITER LANCASTRENSE. of the Diocefe. But it ought alfo to be remembered, that when laymen leafed the Tithes of a diftri6l, they nomi- nated or appointed the Officiating Minifter to the Church. This was a right fuppofed to be vefted in the individual who enjoyed the tithes ; not a right in the way of privilege, but of duty and obligation. " He who has the tithes fhall fee that the cure of fouls is fupplied." Still the Churches would not have been in the hands of thefe lay ?nen, but the original endowments only ; whereas if the duties were per- formed by a Sub-deacon or a Reader, it did not follow that fuch fun61:ionary was in Holy Orders, but the contrary. — See Burn's Eccles. Law, under the head Reader. — C. Line 296, ' chappelh haue no land.^ — This was a literal fa(St as regarded nearly every chapel in the parifli of Whalley at the time when James wrote this Poem, 1636. — C. Line 2()'],' Siryhon.' — John Butterworth, Clerk, Curate of Haflingden, is mentioned in Wills and Licences from about 1608 to 1 63-. But the defcription here given alludes rather to a clafs than to an individual, although the fubfe- quent account of this perfon, and his forty years' incumbency, would rather lead to the inference that he was a real than a fidlitious chara61:er. The title of ' Sir John' was merely a fobriquet for an illiterate prieft, and often occurs in old writings. How late it continued to be in ufe, as applied to the inferior clergy, appears from this pafTage. The reader will find other appofite inftances cited by Mr. Way, in his notes on the name John in the Promptor. Parvul. vol. i. p. 264, as occurring from Chaucer downwards. — C. Butter- worth is named as curate of Haflingden in 1597, fo that he NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 73 had really been at this poor place forty years in 1636. He muft have died foon after James's vifit; for in 1637 another curate was inftalled, one George Jackfon. Although, fee- ing the curate's name was John, the term * Sir Jhon ' had a perfonal reference, it was a common term of the period applied to the whole clafs. Cf. Spenfer's Shepherd's Calendar (1579), and earlier, Robert Crowley's Voyce of the Laji Trumpet (1550). The latter as lefs known may here be quoted : — " Thou that art lewde withoute learnynge Whom commonly men call fyr John, Geve eare, for I wyll fay fomethynge Concernyng thy vocation." — A. Line 298, ' Doe preach for foure pounds vnto Mafel'ingdon! — Bifhop Gaftrell, enumerating the feveral items of the endowment of Haflingden, records, in 1719, "old allow- ance, 4' p. an. ; — added by Abp. Juxon 7' 10% as appears by receipt of Curate, an. 1663." James's allufion to this penfion fettled upon the tithes, and afterwards augmented by a worthy Prelate, is evidently hiftorically accurate. — C. Line 299, * begging come.'' — Ormerod mentions that in Chefhire " a cuftom of begging corn begins three weeks before Chriftmas and ends on Chriftmas eve. The farmers in the centre of the county are all waited upon by the poor, efpecially thofe of their own townfhip, and give generally about a quart for each member of their family ; fometimes meal and flour are given in lieu of corn." — Hiji. CheJ}). Gen. Introdu£l. vol. i. p. lii. It was not un frequently the cafe that parifh clerks claimed once a year [toward Chrift- L 74- ITER LANCASTRENSE. mas] " a bowle of corn" from each parifhioner of fubftance in former days ; and this dole might alfo have extended to the Curate. The Clerk of Rochdale parifh, about i6()2> had fuch a recognized privilege, w^hich he relinquifhed for a money-payment out of the Church rates, and the latter being now withheld, his ancient ftipend has been loft, — C. Line 300, ' Makes yhon,' &c. — Ancient John Butter- worth, the Haflingden curate, fomehow contrived — though he had a wife and children — to fpare out of his ' four pounds a year' fomething to fpend on ale at the alehoufe ; for the Poet explains the terms * my ladyes borne' to refer to 'an alewife' fo called, who had 'an borne of plentie.' Perhaps this ale, like the corn, confumed by Sir John, was chiefly begged. — A. Line 305, ' But greater wonder calls me hence.'' — The commencement of another excurfion. — C. Line 306, ' deepe, lowe fpongie ?noJfes.^ — The main obje6t of this new and final journey of our Poet while his head- quarters were at Heywood, was to fee the remains of a primeval foreft funk beneath the prefent furface of the land and bed of the fea in the diftridt of Weft Chefhire called Wirral (Worold), lying betwixt the eftuaries of the Merfey and the Dee. — A. Lines 307-8, 'on numbers infinite Of fir trees^ Sic. Although there is hardly any timber now growing on the coaft of Lancafhire, remarkable only for its dreary and barren fand hills, yet it is clear that the country formerly abounded with wood, for in the mofs lands near the fea, NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 75 large quantities of trees, " black, broken on their rootes," are ftill found only a few feet from the furface, as if over- thrown by fome violent commotion, or fudden irruption of the fea. — C. Line 307, Margin-note, ' a place called y^Jiocks in Worold^ — The " flocks " here alluded to by the author were pro- bably " the Meoles ftocks," which were trunks of trees on the fea fhore, above New Hall, now called Leafowe Caftle, in Wallefey parifh, in Wirral. This part of Chefhire, though now fo bare of trees, was once, according to tradi- tion, fo well planted with timber as to give rife to the faying, that " a man might have gone from tree-top to tree-top from the Meoles ftocks to Birkenhead \ " and to another proverb of the fame kind, that — " From Blacon Point to Hilbree, A fquirrel might leap from tree to tree." See Hifi. Chejh. vol. ii. p. 262.— C. Defcriptive and fpeculative articles on thefe buried forefts will be found in vol. vi. (new feries) of the T ran factions of the Hiftoric Society of Lancafhire and Chefhire, by Dr. A. Hume and Mr. Boult ; and in Dr. Hume's work entitled " Ancient Meols" (1863).— A. Line 308, * cejfes." — i.e. probably excavations filled with water. (So cefs-^oo\.) — C. Line 321, ' Sarayna.' — Torelli Sarayna, to diftinguifh him from others of that name, was a Doilor of Laws, but is not to be confounded with the celebrated Lelio Torelli, editor of the Pandeils. His book was printed at Verona in 1540, with the following title, "Torelli Sarayna Vero- 76 ITER LANCASrRENSE. nenfis Leg. Do6l. de Origine et Amplitudine Civitatis Veronae. Veron. 1540." fol. It is ornamented with a fine portrait of the author, and feveral large woodcuts of the architecture and antiquities of that city. An Itahan tranflation of the work by Orlando Pecetti, was publifhed at Verona in 1586, and again in 1646, 4to. The work is alfo printed in the large and valuable collection by Grae- vius, entitled "Thefaurus Antiquitatum et Hiftoriarum Itahae," fol. Lugd. Bax. 1704 — 23. Vol. 9, Pars. 7. — C. Line 323, ' wale, or wall, i.e. wave. Sax., unda, flu6lus : from the fame root with Wele j or Eng,, well, a fountain ; — all as conveying the idea of ebullition. — See Jamiefon's Scot. Dla. — C. Line 324, ' at Conyngton was found a whale.'' — Coning- ton, a village in Huntingdonfhire, not far from Stilton, was the property and refidence of the friend of James, the celebrated coUeCtor, Sir Robert Cotton, Bart., who, on making an excavation for a pond, found the fkeleton of a fea fifh, twenty feet long, lying in perfect filt, about fix feet below the furface of the ground, and on a mound above the level of the fens. — C. Lines 324-5, ' And of te earths bojfome y^ rich prized homes Of counter-poyfon fea-f/h vnicornes.'' — It is curious to find, from this paflage, how late the vulgar error of the counter-poifon qualities of the horn of the unicorn obtained. Few perfons, however, have cor- redtly afligned the horn to the Narwhal and not the • quadruped as James does, who perhaps took the hint from his friend and fellow-traveller, Tradefcant. At the King's NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 77 Library at Paris, the gigantic horn, long preferved as a treafure beyond all price in the Abbey of St. Denis, and prefented, we believe, by St. Louis, is ftill fhown. There is fcarcely an inventory of the plate, jevv^els, and treafure of the Sovereign or of great Eftates, in w^hich mention of the unicorn's horn does not occur j and we remember that even among the valuable efFedls of the warlike Henry the Fifth, given in the Parliamentary Rolls, it appears that he was poflefTed of a piece of this valued prefervative. — C. Line 330, 'Pechora.' — There is a town called Petchora in Ruflia, in the province of Riga, near to a large lake called Lake Pfkovfkoie. But the author is here more pro- bably alluding to the river Petchora, in the province of Archangel, which rifes among the Oural mountains, and after a long courfe, and receiving feveral tributary ftreams by the way, empties itfelf into the ArcStic fea on the north. James might poflibly have vifited this river in his early travels in Ruflia, and were his MS. " Obfervations " which he made on that country ftill in exiflence, they might have afforded fome illuftration of the author's allufion to this river Pechora. — C. Line 335, * / Hubberts and Tradefcants erneji prize,' — i.e. their mufeums of natural curiofities. — C. Line 335, * Hubberts,' — Robert Hubbert, alias Forges, who ftyles himfelf " fervant to his Majefty " Charles IL, colle6led many natural curiofities, which he exhibited at the Mitre, near the weft end of St. Paul's. A Catalogue of thefe was printed in 1664, with the following title, "A Catalogue of many Natural Rarities colledled with great 78 I7ER LANCASTRENSE. induftry and coft and thirty years Travail into foreign coun- tries, by Robert Hubert (alias Forges) Gent., Sworn Serv* to his Ma*'% and daily to be feen at y** place called y" Muficlc houfe at y« Mitre near y^ Weft End of S* Paul's Church." They were afterwards fold, and bought by Mr. Colville for ;^30, and given by him to the Royal Society. — See Bagford's MSS. in the Britifh Mufeum, Harl. Coll. 5898, fol. 41.— C. Line 335, ' TredefcantsJ — John Tradefcant, celebrated for his knowledge of botany, and collection of natural curiofities, was a native of Holland. It is not known when he firft came into England, but in 1629 he was gardener to King Charles I., and refided at South Lambeth in Surrey. He had travelled much in different parts of Europe, and, as appears from the fide note, had been accompanied by James in fome of his journeys. He was one of the firft perfons in this country who formed a col- lection of natural and artificial curiofities, and was followed by his fon in the fame purfuit. An account of this mufeum was printed in 1656, entitled "Mufeum Tradefcantia- num ; or, a ColleClion of Rarities preferved at South- Lambeth neer London by John Tradefcant," i2mo. Lond. 1656, to which are prefixed two portraits of the father and fon, by W. Hollar, and a plate of arms of the Tradefcants ; the original paintings of which are now in the Aftimolean Mufeum at Oxford. John Tradefcant the younger died in 1662, and either fold or bequeathed the collection to Elias Aftimole, who at his death left it, with his own additions, to the Univerfity of Oxford, and thus NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 79 founded the Afhmolean Mufeum. There is a curioufly ornamented monument in memory of the family in Lam- beth Churchyard, eredled by the widow of the younger Tradefcant. — C. He has the honour of a place in Herrick's Hefperides (1645). — G. Lines 339-40, ' At Norton Abbye now y^ Brookfes land Twice big as life Saint Chrijiopher doth Jiand.^ In the garden at Norton Priory in Chefhire, the feat of Sir Richard Brooke, Bart., is an ancient gigantic figure of St. Chriftopher, carrying the infant Jefus, which is given in Buck's View of the Priory taken in 1727, and of which there is alfo a neatly engraved vignette in Ormerod's Hijl. Chefhire, vol. i. p. 505. — C. Few vifitors feem to be aware that on the verfo of Rubens' great " Defcent from the Crofs" at Antwerp, there is a gigantic * St. Chriftopher' bearing the * Holy Child.' — G. Line 341, 'One giant ft one. ^ — Villegas, in his Lives of the Saints, obferves of St. Chriftopher, — " He was very bigge of body, and talle of ftature, and carried in his hand a great ftafFe agreeable vnto his ftrength Before his death the holy Saint made his prayer vnto God, and defired him humbly, that in the place where his body was buried, or any part thereof fhould be, that tempefts and earthquakes might doe no harme. This (as it feemeth) is the caufe that the pi6lure of S. Chriftopher is ordinarily in euery Church, more than the pictures of other faints ; and though his body or his reliques cannot be in euery place, yet at the leaft they fet his Image there, that they may refort thither in time of 8o ITER LANCASTRENSE. fuch neceflitie, and be deliuered from the rage of tempefts, ftormes, and earthquakes, by the merits and interceflion of this holy Saint. Therefore the Chriftians depaint him in euery Church and place, that all men may enjoy that fauour." " Neither neede we to wonder, if S. Chriftopher were great of ftature, for S. Auguftine in the 15. booke, 9 chap. De ciuitate Dei, faith, that in ancient times, men were very taule. Plinie in the 7. booke, 2 chap, faith there be found men in Scithia of 50 cubits. S. Ifidore affirmeth, that the Macrobii, people of India, are 12 foote high. Strabo in the 7 booke faith, that in the fepulchre of Antheus, was found his body, which being meafured was of 60 cubits." — See The Lives of Saints, by Alph. Villegas, 3d edit. 4to. 1630. p. 510. — C. Lines 341-3, * and in Hale chappel wee Againe hitn painted with Saint George do fee In y" Eafl window e.^ — The prefent chapel at Hale having been rebuilt fo lately as 1758, there exift no remains of the painted Eaft window, containing thefe figures of St. George and St. Chriftopher ; but there can be little doubt that this window was originally placed there by Adam Ireland, Lord of Hutte and of Hale (in right of his wife, Avena, the daughter of Sir Robert Holland of Hale), who built a portion of the original chapel at Hale, and was living in 131 5. — C. Lines 343-4, * Hylin lett thy penne Once more from hence proue y' theis Jhows were tneti.' — Dr. Peter Heylin, an eminent divine of the Church of NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 8r England, of confiderable learning and induftry, and the author of numerous works which are now rifmg again into efteem, was born at Burford in Oxfordfhire in 1599, educated at Oxford, made Chaplain in ordinary to Charles I., from whom he received valuable preferment, and was much noticed and employed by Archbifhop Laud. During the afcendency of the parliamentary party he was ftripped of all his preferment, deprived of his curious and valuable library, and reduced to great poverty and diftrefs. But on the reftoration of Charles II. he recovered all his various fpiri- tualities, which, however, he did not long enjoy, but died in 1662, in the fixty-fecond year of his age. In 163 1 Dr. Heylin publifhed " The Hiftorie of that moft famous Saint and Souldier of Chrift Jefus, St. George of Cappadocia ; aflerted from the Fiilions of the Middle Ages of the Church and Oppofition of the prefent, Lond. 1631," 4to., in which he endeavoured to prove, that fuch an individual really had exifted, in oppofition to the general belief that he was an imaginary being. A fecond edition, corredled and en- larged, but with fome omiflions, was publifhed in 1633, 4to. Heylin had the misfortune to fall under the cenfure of Dr. Prideaux, Reilor of Exeter College, Oxford, afterwards Bifhop of Worcefter, at that time a popular man with the puritanical party, who had, however, fome time before, publifhed a Latin Lecture on the Sabbath, and advocated opinions therein not much in unifon with thofe maintained by the Puritans. When the Proclamation generally called the Boo^ of Sports was re-iflued, a great clamour was raifed M 82 ITER LANCASTRENSE. againft Charles I. and Laud, of which Heylin, as Chaplain to both, had his fhare. To vindicate the proceedings of the King and Archbifhop, and to leflen Prideaux's influence with the Sabbatarians and Puritans, Heylin tranflated Prideaux's Leilure upon the Sabbath, and added a pungent Preface, which anfwered the objedls that he had in view. This was in 1633, and it is not improbable that James had this controverfy in his mind when he, with much dry farcafm, makes allufion to " Saint Sunday," in line 346. A full account of Heylin, and of his controverfies with Prideaux and Archbifhop Williams, with a copious notice of his numerous works, will be found in Wood's uith. Oxon. V. iii. p. 552. 4to. ed. Blifs. See alfo Newcourt's Rep. Eccles. vol. i. p. 925 ; and Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, p. 90, part ii. — C. Line 344, ' prooue y' theis Jhews were men,' i.e. that thefe faints really had an exiflence, and were not merely imagi- nary beings. — C. Line 345, * Wickham.' — There are feveral places of this name in England, fo that it is difficult to afcertain to which of them James here refers. We fear, alfo, that the painted glafs mentioned in the fide-note as adorning " the fouth cafement of Wickham church," has not efcaped the de- flru^live hand of the puritans, like the Middleton window, but perifhed in the great Rebellion ; otherwife fuch a perfonification of St. Sunday would be a fail of a novel and interefling nature, and worthy of further invefligation. -C. Line 345, *«^yZ>' = foft, tender, delicate j but here perhaps NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 83 ufed in the fenfe of nice, fcrupulous, unwilling to come. This is a Lancafhire word, and alfo ftill retained in the central counties, but generally in the firft named fenfe. — C. Line 346, * Saint Sunday.' — This is a very remarkable pafTage in the poem, and the firft time we have ever heard of the perfonification of St. Sunday, who is completely un- known to hagiographers. There is no doubt the day was converted into a faint in the fame manner as St. Crofs, St. Trinity, or St. Saviour, now generally called Holy Crofs, Holy Trinity, &c. ; although examples of the former mode of expreflion are yet found in fome old places, as at York and Winchefter. It is evident that the author con- fiders Saint Sunday quite as apocryphal as St. Chriftopher or St. George. It is poflible that Saint Sunday may be St. Dominica. There appear to have been two females of that name. One of them, a virgin, was born at Carthage, and flourifhed about the time of Theodofius the Great ; fhe vifited Con- ftantinople with four other virgins, and was baptized by Neilarius. She died in 475 ; her day was January 8. It is a fmgular coincidence that with her were canonized S. Georgius Chozebites, and S. ^milianus. — See Zedler. — C. Line 346, * a lejh,' i.e. a leafh — three ; viz. St. Chrifto- pher, St. George, and St. Sunday. — C. Line 348, * Or els he feares y" Jlrong Maypolian band' — The meaning of this line appears to be, that Heylin, the undaunted and haughty opponent of the Puritans, would be confidered afraid of that body — the vigorous enemies of 84 ITER LANCASrRENSE. Maypoles and Sunday fports — unlefs he vindicated opinions and ufages which they reje6led.^ — C. Line 350, * At Heywood hall.' — Heywood Hall, in the townftiip of Heap, the refidence, at the time of James's vifit, of one of the moft ancient families in the parifh of Bury, is fituated about half a mile to the north-eaft of the populous village of the fame name. It is beautifully em- bofomed in vi^ood, confifting of lofty beech, oak, cheftnut, and other trees, on a rifing elevation above the valley of the river Roach, w^hich flows not far from the grounds. The houfe, which is partly covered with ivy, has been entirely modernized, fo that with the exception of an old gable, and fome portion of the offices, little remains vifible of the more ancient edifice. The interior is replete with every comfort, and furrounded with extenfive gardens and pleafure grounds, and is at prefent occupied by James Fenton, Jun., Efq. — C. Line 350, ' trading Rachdale.' — In pofl-mortem inqui- fitions in the time of Henry VIII., "Walk Mills," or Fulling Mills, frequently occur ; and in the reigns of Eliza- ^ Since the note on Saint Sunday was printed, the Editor has had his attention called by a friend to a fingular corroborative evidence of the fuppofed exiftence of fuch a Saint as is in vain fought for in the Calendar, which is afforded by the letter of Oliver Cromwell to Speaker Lenthall, written from Dublin, September, 1649, in which he recites the fanguinary details of the capture of Drogheda by the Parliamentary army, and how a body of the befieged garrifon took refuge in a ftrong round tower next the gate called St. Sunday^!. This is curious, and it is not improbable that this unknown Saint may yet be found in Ireland. — C. See our Introduction. — G. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 85 beth and James I., the woollen trade of the parifh of Rochdale was very confiderable. It is fuppofed to have been originally introduced by Flemifh emigrants in the time of Edward III. — C, Lines 351-2, 'much I owe Ofpra'ife and thanks to y^ where er I goe.^ James continues here to fpeak with great afFedlion of this place, and of the family of that name, who then owned it. From what motives he was induced to vifit it, or to become fo tenderly attached to it, is ftill involved in obfcu- rity. The editor is unable to impart any further light on this fubjedl, beyond the conjecture thrown out in the note on line 34 ; unlefs the following information may be thought by our readers to bear further on this point. William Farrer, of Ewood Hall, in the parifh of Halifax, Efq., married Thomafme, daughter of Richard James, of Portfniouth, Efq., and had a daughter, who died January 10, 1660. Their fon, John, married Elizabeth, daughter and heirefs of the Rev. James Crefwick, B.D., of Beal, near Ferry-bridge (whofe manufcript Memoirs are named by Thorefby), and died 1722-3, leaving a fon and heir, James, who married at Rochdale in 1696, Mary, daughter and co-heirefs of John Brearley, of Rochdale, Gent., and dying fuddenly December 18, 171 8, left a fon, James, Lord of the Manor of Wortley in 1764. His reprefenta- tive is the prefent Walter Hawkefworth Fawkes, of Farn- ley, Efq. Ifaac Farrer, Gent., a younger fon of John Farrer, of Ewood, Efq., Juftice of Peace, by his third wife, Judith, 86 ITER LANCASTRENSE. daughter of Edward Oldfield, of High Oldfield, in the parifh of Halifax, Gent., married at Rochdale, Patience, third daughter of Thomas Buckley, of Little Howarth, Gent., third fon, and eventually heir general, of Abel Buckley, of Buckley, Efq. Ifaac Farrer died at Rochdale in 1708, and his widow in 1721. The Buckleys were connedled by marriage with their neighbours, the Howarths of Howarth ; and feveral of the other families mentioned by James in his Poem were either nearly or remotely allied to them. The following flight Pedigree will fhow that a connedlion alfo exifted between the Farrers of Ewood and the Heywoods ; but their precife degree of relationftiip to the author of the Iter ftill remains to be difcovered. Thomas Afhton r: daughter of Thomas Butler of Penketh I of Bewfey John = Ciceley, daughter of Helen 1= William Farrer of Gilbert Afliton Ewood John Margaret ■=. Robert Heywood of Heywood, (the Poet.)— C. Line 357, * Amongji / Dingles and y^ Apennines.^ — Thefe words appear to refer to the mountainous difl:ri61: of country, diverfified by romantic valleys and dells (com- monly called dingles), lying between the Ribble and the Merfey. The defcription, however, is peculiarly applicable to the fcenery in the neighbourhood of Heywood and Rochdale. — C. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 87 Lines 359-62, * ^hen all England is alofte Then happie they whofe dwelling's in Chriji' s crofte. And where thincke you this crofte of Chriji Jhould be But midf Ribcheflers Ribble and Mercy F — This old rhyming proverb is not given in Ray's Collec- tion, nor in that of Grofe. Like fome others of the fame kind, it ferves for different counties befides Lancafhire. In Yorkfhire it is given thus : — " When all the world (hall be aloft. Then Hallamfhire fhall be God's croft," &c. — C. A very few years later all this was falfified. James con- cluded that no place in England was fo fecure againft difturbance in time of war as the part of Lancafhire be- tween Merfey and Ribble, and that this muft be the tradi- tional ' Chrift's crofte.' But none the lefs was this identical diftridl the fcene of fome of the moft defperate fights in the Civil War, and was ravaged in turn by the armies of both fides. — A. Line 363, ' My paffadgeh ether I not life to tell.' — The author here ftarts off to the fubjeft of another excurfion which he had made. — C. Line 364, 'Though then I Jawe Saint Anne and Buck- fones well' — There appears to be little doubt that the warm fprings at Buxton were known to the Romans, and that the lead mines alfo in this neighbourhood were worked by them, as alluded to by James. The warm baths at 88 ITER LANCASTRENSE. Buxton began to be in much repute in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and have continued fo ever fince. — C. Line 367, 'yf/ CaJ}eltoun^ Sec. — He vifited Caftleton, Eldon Hole, Poole's Cave, Wingates, and other places of note in the Peak diftriil of Derbyfhire. The flirange and changing w^aters at Caftleton muft refer to the ebbing and flow^ing w^ell on the road betv^^een Buxton and Caftleton. " Long-founding Elden-hole " is a deep vertical cavern, two miles from Caftleton, w^hich vv^as once confidered un- fathomable ; but a Mr. Lloyd went dow^n the chafm in 1 78 1 and found a bottom at the depth of fixty-two yards. Poole's Hole is an interefting cavern about half a mile from Buxton. The Wingates or Wind-gates is a deep ravine a mile in length, traverfed by a mountain road from Buxton to Chapel-en-le-Frith. — A. Line 370, 'mole-warps,' i.e. moles. It is fo ufed by Shakefpeare and other old w^riters. Thus Hotfpur, in the Fir/l Part of Henry IF. iii. i — " Sometimes he angers me With telling me of the mold-^warp and the ant," — C. See Todd's John/on, f. v. " mouldvi^arp." — G. Line 371, 'wall-tiding,' i.e. wave-tiding. See Wall, a wave. Jamiefon's Scottijh Di£i. This alludes, of courfe, to the ebbing and flowing well near Tidefwell. See note on line 323. — C. Line 372, * His worjhips breetch.'' — We cannot but admire the delicacy with which James here alludes to the popular name of the celebrated cavern at Caftleton. — C. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Line 375, * Chetwyn,' — Sir Walter Chetwynd, of In- geftrie, in the county of Stafford, Knt., was the eldeft fon of Sir William Chetwynd, Knt., who died June 14, 161 2, by his firft wife, Atalanta Huick, of Stillefted, in the county of Kent. Sir Walter Chetwynd was fheriff of Staffordfhire in 1607, and married, firft, Mary, daughter and heirefs of John Molyns, of the county of Somerfet, Efq., by whom he had no iffue ; fecondly, the Lady Cathe- rine Haftings, eldeft daughter of George, fourth Earl of Huntingdon, and widow of Sir Edward Unton, by whom he had two fons, Walter, his heir, and John, the father of the firft Lord Chetwynd. Walter Chetwynd, of Ingeftrie, Efq., his eldeft fon and heir, married Frances, daughter of Edward Haflerigg, Efq. She furvived her hufband, and married, fecondly. Sir Wolftan Dixie, Knt., and died in 1686. This Walter Chetwynd was fucceeded by his only fon, Walter Chet- wynd, of Ingeftrie, Efq., the celebrated antiquary (Bifhop Nicholfon's " venerandas antiquitatis cultor maximus"), who rebuilt the Church at Ingeftrie in 1677, and died without iffue 21ft March, 1692-3. We are not aware that any relationftiip or conne<5lion exifted between Sir Walter Chetwynd, James's " hoaft of honour," and his other friends mentioned in the poem. It does not, however, follow, that anything more than friendftiip or acquaintance ftiould have exifted, to have brought them together ; and doubtlefs, at the table of his friend Sir Robert Cotton, James would meet with many learned and diftinguiftied individuals, who would honour N 90 ITER LANCASrRENSE. him for his erudition; and, from his knowledge of foreign countries, find him an agreeable companion. — C. Line 375, * Crewe.' — This was Sir Randulph Crewe, who purchafed the Manor and Lordfhip of Crewe, about the year i6io, from the heirs of Sir Chriftopher Hatton, Knt., and built the prefent hall at Crewe, which was com- pleted about 1636, The Lordfhip of Crewe had from a very early period been the feat and inheritance of a family of this name, Henry de Criwa, or Crewe, being an atteft- ing witnefs to a deed executed fo early as the middle of the twelfth century. Joan, eldeft daughter and co-heirefs of Thomas de Crewe, who died 21ft Edw. L, the laft heir- male of the elder branch of the family, married Richard Praers of Barthomley, whofe grand-daughter, Elizabeth, conveyed Crewe by her marriage to Sir Robert FuUefhurft, Knt. (fee on 1. 17), from whofe defcendants it was pur- chafed by Sir Chriftopher Hatton, Knt., afterwards Lord Chancellor in 1578. Sir Randulph Crewe, the reftorer of this branch of the family to the feat of their anceftors, was born in 1558, bred up to the ftudy of the law, in which he was fo fuc- cefsful as to be appointed Lord Chief Juftice of the King's Bench, which office, however, he held for only two years. He attained the age of eighty-feven years, and dying January 13, 1645, was buried at Barthomley. — C. Line 377, ' To y' young heyre of Speke.' — This would probably be Edward, fon of William Norris, Efq., and Margaret his wife, daughter of Sir Thomas Salifbury, Knt., of Chawens, in the county of Denbigh. He died early in life in 1664, having married Frances, daughter of Sir NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 91 Thomas Powell, Knt., of Horfley, in the county of Den- bigh ; and leaving no ifTue male furviving, the eftate pafTed to his brother Thomas, born September 23, 1618, and died July 6, 1700, — C. Line 377, 'In Stevens right.' — Alan le Noreis, or Norris, of Sutton, in the county of Lancafter, with whom the Pedigree begins, occurs in a deed, fans date, but pro- bably as old as the middle of the twelfth century ; and this reference no doubt is to King Stephen. The fixth in defcent from Alan le Norris was Sir William, who obtained the Manor of Speke by marriage with Jane, daughter and heirefs of Sir John Molyiieux, of Sefton, Knt. This Alan le Norris might be the " old Sire " who fought at the Battle of the Standard. — C. Line 378, ' IFhofe old Sire did f Jiandards battle fight' — The battle of the Standard was fought at Northallerton, in Yorkfhire, on the 22nd Auguft, 1 138, in the reign of King Stephen, when David, King of Scotland, who had advanced into Yorkfhire in fupport of the title of his niece, the Emprefs Matilda, the only legitimate child of Henry L, to the throne of England, againft the ufurpation of Stephen, was totally defeated by fome of the powerful Barons of the North, and narrowly efcapcd falling into the hands of the Enghfti. It was called the battle of the Standard from a high crucifix ere6ted by the Englifh on a waggon, and carried along with the army as a military enfign. — C. Lines 379-80, * And from whofe houfe and name of late were feene Two chiefs of warre vnto our mayden ^ueene' — 91 ITER LANCASTRENSE. One of thefe would be Sir William Norris, of Speke, K.B. at the coronation of King James I. He married Helen, daughter of Sir William Molyneux, of Sefton, Knt., by whom he had ifTue, feven fons and four daugh- ters, and died about 1626. The other was doubtlefs Sir John Norris, Knt., a brave and accomplifhed General in the reign of Elizabeth. He was the fecond fon of Henry Norris, of Wytham, in the county of Berks, fum- moned to Parliament by the title of Baron Norris, of Rycot, in the county of Oxford, by Margaret, daughter of John Lord Williams, of Thame. He is faid to have had three horfes killed under him in one day, whilft fighting abroad in the Netherlands. He was fent over to Ireland as commander in the reign of Elizabeth, and died there unmarried in 1597, of grief and difappointment at not having been appointed Deputy of Ireland on the recalling of Sir William RufTell, Knt. The Earl of Abingdon is the prefent reprefentative of the Rycot branch of the Norris family. — See Torre's MSS. vol. v. p. 767, folio, and Fuller's fForthies, Lond. 1662, folio, p. 335. — C. Line 381, * To Rigby of y^ Hut.'' — We are not confident in our conje6lures refpe<3:ing this perfon, but we believe him to be Col. Alexander Rigby, the Parliamentary Com- mander, and friend of Col. Afsheton, alfo vifited by James. He was the eldeft fon and heir of Alexander Rigby, of Wigan and Peel, in the county of Lancafter, Efq., by Alice, daughter of Leonard A — Shaw or Afhaw, of the Shaw, in the county of Lancafter, Efq. He was born in the year 1592 (the fame year that James was NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 93 born), being aet. twenty-one at the time the Vifitation of Lancafhire was taken in 161 3, and was brought up to the profeflion of the law ; but, in thofe fpirit-ftirring* times, exchanged his pen for a fword, and became a diftinguifhed commander in the fervice of the Parliament, and was a6lively employed at the fiege of Lathom Houfe in 1644. He reprefented Wigan in Parliament in 1640, and married Lucy, fifter to Thomas Legh, of Adlington, Efq. He was the elder brother of George Rigby, of Peel, Efq., to whom the eftate of Peel appears to have defcended, who was clerk of the Peace for the county of Lancafter, married Beatrix, eldeft daughter of William Hulton, of Hulton Park, Efq., and rebuilt the Hall at Peel in 1634. From the Rigbys the eftate pafled into the family of Kenyon, by the marriage of Roger Kenyon with Alice Rigby, and is now the property of the Right Honourable George, fecond Lord Kenyon. According to Dugdale, Col. Alexander Rigby was of * Middleton in Goofnargh,' near Prefton, and died in 1650. We are unable to ftate why he is called ' of y* Hut,' which at that time belonged to the family of the Irelands. — See Ormerod's Civil War TraSfs, p. 351. — C. The ' Hut' was a large old manfion in the townftiip of Hale-wood and parifh of Childwall, near Liverpool. — A. It feems clear that though manfion and eftate in 1636 belonged to John Ireland, Efq., father of Sir Gilbert Ireland, the Poet's friend Rigby was occupant of the former at leaft, as tenant I fuppofe. — G. Line 382, ' JVe plentie had of ClarettJ — " Port wine was ufually called Claret in the North (in 1691), as it is ftill 94- ITER LANCASTRENSE. by the common people." See Whitaker's Whalley, p. 478, third edition. — C. Line 383, ' To Sander Butterworth whoe ledd mee cleaned &c. — This was Alexander Butterworth, fecond fon of Alex- ander Butterworth, Efq. (who died in 1623), by his wife, Grace, daughter of William Aflieton, of Clegg Hall, in the parifli of Rochdale, Efq., and co-heirefs of her fole brother. Dr. Theophilus Afheton, a lawyer. He was of the ancient family of Butterworth, of Butterworth in the parifh of Rochdale, feated there early in the reign of Stephen, who removed in 2 Edward I. to Belfield Hall, adjacent to the banks of the Beile, in the fame parifh (which had formerly been part of the pofleflions of the Knights of St. John of Jerufalem). He was baptized at Rochdale, loth April, 1597, and was dead in 1664-5. The laft heir-male of this ancient family was Alexander Butterworth, of Belfield Hall, Efq., High Sheriff of Lancafhire in 1675. Hemarried Sarah, daughter of William Horton, of Barkifland, in the county of York, Efq., by whom he had feveral children, all of whom he furvived ; and dying in 1728, aet. eighty-eight years, devifed his large eftates in Lancafhire and Chefhire, and the whole of his perfonalty, to his agent, Mr. Richard Townley, of Rochdale, a ftranger in blood (faid to be a defcendant of the Townleys of Royle, near Burnley), and great grand- father of Richard Greaves Townley, of Fulbourn, Efq., late M. P. for the county of Cambridge, by whom they are now poffeffed. Colonel Richard Townley, in the year 1752, repaired and new-fronted the old Hall of Belfield ; which, however, is now deferted by its owners, and has been for NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 95 fome years occupied by wealthy and refpedlable tenants. — C. Line 384, * Through all y^ cataraSis of He do dene.' — The hamlet of Healey (Highfield), in the townfhip of Spotland, is remarkable for its deep and woody dingles, or ravines, in which the Spodden "ftruggles for its paflage through a channel of excavated rock ;" and forms by the way feveral fmall falls, or " catarails," before it empties itfelf into the Roach. In this hamlet, placed on an elevated fite, imme- diately above one of thefe woody dingles, and commanding an unbounded profpedl over the furrounding country, as far as the foreft of Delamere, ftands Healey Hall, the abode, for a long period, of the ancient family of the Chadwicks, and ftill the occafional refidence of its prefent proprietor, Hugo Mavefyn Chadwick, of Mavefyn Ridware, in Staf- fordfhire, Efq. The houfe, though ftanding high on the fkirts of the hills, is well fheltered by growing plantations, which, " added to the natural beauties of its hanging woods, rocks, and rude cafcades, form fome delightful fcenery on the romantic banks of the Spodden." The family of the Chadwicks were nearly connefted with the author's friends, the Heywoods ; John Chadwick, of Healey Hall, Efq., having, in 1551, married Agnes, daughter of James Heywood, of Heywood, gent. He died in 1 61 5, having attained the patriarchal age of 103, and is buried in Rochdale Church. Robert Chadwick, of Healey Hall, Efq., alfo married Alice, daughter of Edward Butter- worth, of Belfield, gent,, in 1581, who was the aunt of Alexander Butterworth mentioned in the preceding note. ITER LANCASTRENSE. which may account for the ramble commemorated in the Poem, had not the fplendid fcenery of Healey Deyne, which retains fome of its ancient and romantic features even in our day, been a fufficient inducement for the vifit. — C. Lines 385-6, * To Robin Howorth fro?n whofe familie Great Noble peers derive their progenie.'' — This was Robert Howorth of Howorth, Efq., in the townfhip of Hundersfield or Honorsfeld, in the eaftern portion of the parifli of Rochdale, on the borders of York- Ihire, defcended from an ancient family feated there in the time of Henry H., who beftowed certain lands in Howord, in the vill of Honorsfeld, upon Ofbert Howord de Howord, for his good and faithful fervices, and made him Mafter of the Royal Buck Hounds. Robert Howorth was the twenty- fecond in lineal defcent from this Ofbert de Howord, whofe name appears in a deed without date, but undoubtedly of the time of Henry H. He was fon and heir of Edmund Howarth, of Howarth Hall, Efq., and was baptized at Rochdale in 160 1. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Lieut.-Col. Alvery Copley, of Batley, in the county of York, and was buried with his anceftors in the chancel of Rochdale Church, March 28, 1639. His only furviving fon, Robert, dying in London unmarried in 1654 (having been called to the Bar a fhort time previoufly), the eftates reverted to Theophilus Howarth, M.D,, of Manchefter,^ ' Theophilus Howarth, M.D,, of Howarth Hall, was baptized at Rochdale, 2nd January, 1613-145 entered of Magdalen College, Cambridge, M.D., July 2, 1661 j married Mary, daughter of Henry NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 97 whofe grandfon, the Rev. Radclyffe Howarth, D.C.L., Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxon. (being Founder's kin), died unmarried in December, 1768, and by Will, dated 13th October, 1767, devifed his lands in the parifh of Rochdale, not to the daughters of his aunt, but to Mifs Eliza- beth Sams, a defcendant of the Buckleys, of Buckley, a lady apparently unconne6led by any near ties except thofe of friendfhip, by whom the Howarth eftate was fold to John Entwifle, of Foxholes, Efq., grandfather of the prefent pofleflbr. — C. Line 386, ' Great Nohle peers derive their progenie^ — Dr. Whitaker, in his Hijl. Whalley, p. 544-5, 3rd edit., has entered very minutely into this fuppofition by James of the Ducal family of the Howards being derived from the Howards or Howarths of Howarth Hall, in Honorsfeld, and has fhown that Sir William Dugdale is unable to bring forward any proof of the exiftence of fuch a conne6lion. Dugdale's allufion to this fubje6l, and to Richard James, B.D., is in the following words, tranfcribed from the original : — Afhurft, of Afhurft, in the county of Suflex, Efq. ; and was a refident in Manchefter, where he was an able and a6tive Magillrate, and much efteemed by the Royalift party. He died on the 9th of April, 1671, at Manchefter, where he had diftinguifhed himfelf by his fidelity to the caufe of Charles I., and was buried on the 12th of the fame month, within the Vaults of the Collegiate Church. He was an attefting witnefs to the Will of Humphrey Chetham, December 8, 1 65 1, and had doubtlefs attended that good and charitable perfon in his laft illnefs. — See the Life of Adam Martindale, p. 193, and Mr. Parkinfon's Note on the fame. — C. ITER LANCASTRENSE. " Venerabilis viri Richardi Jamefii, VecSenfis, de prae- clariflimorum et honoratiflimorum Howardorum ortu et origine judicium et teftimonium. Iter Lancajlrenfe a venerabile viro Richardo Jamefio, Veilenfi, facro fanilae Theologiae Bac: e Coll. Corporio Chrifti Oxon. Socio feniori, nee non celeberrimi Antiquarii Roberti Cottoni Militis Aurati amiciflimo, heroico metro compofitum (Aii fervatoris millefimo fexen"!*' trigefimo feptimo) praenobiles et honoratiflimos Howardorum duces comites Barones ab Howardorum de Howard Hall (in Honorsfield in Parochia de Rachdale in Com. Lancaftrias) ortum et illuftrem ftem- matis originem deduxifle conteftatur, Will. Dugdale Arm. Norroij Rex Armor : heroicos Richardi Jamefii verfus perlegit cujus fententiae prefatus W. D. fubfcripto propria manu." In the pofTeffion of John Elliott, Efq., of Rochdale, there exifts another document, in Englifh, to the fame efFe6l, in the handwriting of Dugdale, a copy of which was inferted, by Mr. Elliott's permiflion, in Baines' H'lJ}. of Lancajh. vol. ii. p. 643 ; and as it varies a little from the former ftatement, and alfo mentions the place of cuftody of the original MS. of the Iter Lancajlrenfe at that period, it is here added : — " Whereas I, William Dugdale, efquire, Norroy Prin- cipall Herald, and Kinge of Armes of the Northerne parts of England, or the further fide of Trent, have feene and read a MS. entituled,' Iter Lancaftrenfe,' or the * Lancafhire Itinerary,' written by Richard James, born in the Ifle of Wight, Bachelor of Divinity, and one of the Senior Fellows NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 99 of Corpus Chrifti College, in Oxford j a diligent refearcher into, and a great lover of ancient records, an intimate acquaintance and friend of the famous and learned anti- quary. Sir Robert Cotton, Knt., which he writ in heroicke verfe, with large marginal notes, in the year of our Lord God 1637 : — I doe hereby make known to all the Nobility and Gentry of England that the 'Iter Lancaftrenfe ' doth atteft and beare record that the lUuftrious Dukes, the Honourable Earls, the Noble Barons, and Knights of the renowned family of the Howards, did derive their originall from the ancient progeny of the Howords of Howord Hall, in the vill, or territorie of Howord, in Honorsfeld, in the parifti of Ratchdale, and county of Lancafter j which faid MS. being by me, William Dugdale aforefaid, perufed, and nowe in the cullody of Theophilus Howard of Howard, Dodlor of Phyficke, and one of the candidates of the CoUedge of Phyfitians in London, — I, for record and tefti- mony of thefe things above fpecified, fett to my hand and feale of my office, the 8th of April, 1665 ; 17th of Chas. II. "WILLM. DUGDALE, NoRROY King of Armes." It is fomewhat remarkable that no account exifts in the Heralds' College refpe6ling this inftance of what Whitaker terms " the capacious faith" of Dugdale ; nor is there any notice of the Lancafhire Howarths in his account of the ducal houfe of Howard, in The Baronage. A fhort pedi- gree, not very carefully deduced, is the only notice of this truly ancient family now remaining in the former depofi- tory. — C. ITER LANCASTRENSE. Line ibid. Margin-note, ' Howarth cajile^ — There is no memorial of fuch a place in Rochdale, unlefs the Howarths were the defcendants of the old Lords of Rochdale, who are fuppofed to have occupied the Cajile in Caftleton, which is very doubtful, and not on record. — C. Lineibid. Margin-note, * Thomcede Haworth.' — Thomas de Haworth, fon and heir of William de Haworth, of " Haworth Hall, in the parifh of Rochdale, by his wife Alice, daughter of Hugh del Holte, in Butterworth, in the parifli aforefaid. Thomas Haworth married, in the beginning of the fifteenth century, whilft yet a minor, Margaret, daughter of Mylne, of Mylne Houfe, in Hundersfield ; but the marriage does not appear to have been folemnized, and was probably only a contrail afterwards annulled. He married fecondly, Annette, daughter of William de Butterworth, of Butterworth, in the parilh of Rochdale, a female related in the fecond degree to Margaret; and being ' fybbe,' the marriage was pronounced invalid. By this wife he had a fon, Hugh de Haworth, living in 1448 — 1461. He married thirdly, during the lives of his firft two wives, at Heptonftall Church, in the county of York, Sir John de Bury being the officiating Prieft, Ifabella, daughter of William de Butterworth, and fifter of Annette afore- faid, ante October 16, 141 6, and by her had ifTue, Edmund and four other fons, and a daughter, married to Elias de Deurden. In the 30th Henry VL 1452, confiderable litigation en- NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. fued between Hugh de Haworth and Edmund de Haworth, refpeaing the inheritance of their father's lands, he being alive, but not knowing which fon was his legal heir. To legalize his fecond marriage, he obtained a divorce from his third wife, and declared that Hugh was his right heir. But afterwards, when he came to lie upon his death-bed, he acknowledged, in the prefence of many witnefles, that Edmund was his lawful heir, and that he devifed his lands to him. This was on the 13th March, 1461. The whole of thefe legal proceedings, and the fubfe- quent very curious difputes between Edmund and his coufm Bernard de Haworth, fon of James, next brother of Thomas de Haworth, who claimed the lands as heir-at-law, and was living 9th Edw. IV. 1470, are ftill amongft the Haworth Evidences. There feems to be little doubt that this " parliamentane pardon of Henrye y*^ fixts time," mentioned in the fide- note, had fome connection with thefe extraordinary mar- riages, which even at that period excited a very ftrong feeling of difapprobation throughout the country. Perhaps it ought to be added, that after a variety of contrary opinions had been pronounced, both by eccle- fiaftics and laymen, Edmund de Haworth fucceeded as heir of his father. — C. Line 387, 'To Roman NowelV — Roger Nowell, Efq., of Read Hall, near Clitheroe, baptized March 13, 1605, ^ colonel in Charles I.'s fervice, deputy-lieutenant, and a juftice of the peace for the county of Lancafter. He mar- ried Dorothy, daughter of John Holte, of Stubley Hall, ITER LANCASTRENSE. near Rochdale, Efq., and, dying at the advanced age of ninety years, was buried at Whalley, May 25, 1695. He was one of the twenty gentlemen of this county who for their loyalty were returned, in 1660, as qualified to be made Knights of the Royal Oak, his eftate being eftimated at ^1,000 per annum. The arms of the family are engraved in Whitaker's ii///?. IVhalley, p. 264, edit. 3rd. His mar- riage with Dorothy Holte would bring him into affinity with the Heywoods, through the Greenhalghs, and Holtes of Afhworth. — C. Line 387, 'Roman Nowell.^ — For the addition of the word Roman, as applied to Nowell, fee the marginal note at the end of the poem, and the reference to Pliny. — C. On all the Nowells, it may be permitted me to refer to the Nowell Townley MSS. i vol. 4to. 1877. — G. Line ibid. Margin-note, ' y^ three cups.'' — " The word Nowell, or Noel, a corruption of Natalis, meaning Deus nobifcu?n, indicates the feftival of our Lord's Nativity, and likewife a cry of joy appropriate to the feafon, and by degrees came to fignify a convivial cry in general ; in which fenfe it appears to have been in ufe as late as the days of Chaucer.^ " Of the occafion on which the name was aflumed, or impofed perhaps on fome one eminent for his feftive talents, ^ " And drinketh of his bugle horn the wine : Before him ftant braune of the tufked fwine, And no^wel crieth every Ivfty man.'" See Tyrwhitt's edition of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, line 11,567, 4to, Oxford, 1798 J and Mr. Tyrwhitt's note upon it. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 103 there is no tradition ; but whether the Chriftmas cry, or the Chriftmas cup, like the waflail bowl (et calices pofcit majores), were the diftin6l meaning, there is no doubt that the covered cups in the family arms allude to the circum- ftance ; and as heraldry delights in fuch devices or parodies, three fimilar cups in the efcutcheon of Butler unqueftion- ably allude to the name and office of a butler or cupbearer." The Nowells probably were followers of the Lacies out of Normandy. Robert Noell is the firft that appears in Lancafhire, being the laft fubfcribing witnefs but one to the memorable grant by Roger de Lacy of the Villa de Tunleia to Geoffrey, fon of Robert, Dean of Whalley. — See Arch- deacon Churton's Life of Dr. Alexander Nowell, 8vo., pp. I, 2. — C. Line 387, * y^/(j« of PenkithJ — Thomas Afheton, of Penketh, fon and heir of Hamlet Afheton, of Blakebrook, by his wife Chriftiana, eldeft daughter and co-heirefs of John Afheton, of Penketh, gent., which eftate her fon Thomas inherited in her right. He married Catherine, daughter of Robert Brocke, of Upton, in Chefhire; and was nephew of Robert Heywood, of Heywood, the elder, who had married Margaret, the younger daughter and co-heirefs of the above John Afheton, of Penketh, gent. Thomas Afheton, of Penketh, our author's friend, was one of thofe who fufFered for their loyalty to King Charles L ; and was fined in the fum of £ig2 Ss. 4^. A pedigree of this family, of eight defcents, occurs in the lafl Vifitation of Lancajhire. The Manor or Lordfhip of Penketh is fituated in the parifh of Prefect, and came into the poflbfTion of the 10+ ITER LANCASrRENSE. Afhetons by the marriage of Richard Afheton with Mar- garet, fole daughter and heirefs of Richard Penketh, of Penketh. It is now the property of Lord Lilford. — C. Line 388, ' Ireland of Hale.' — John Ireland, Efq., fon of Sir Gilbert Ireland, of Hutt and Hale, Knight, and father of Sir Gilbert Ireland, of the fame, defcended from Sir Robert Ireland, of Hutt, Knt. temp. King John. He died in 1635, having married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Hayes, Knight, Alderman and Lord Mayor of London, This poem being dated 1636, would be written fhortly after the death of John Ireland, to whom the allu- fion is probably made, as his fon Gilbert, born April 8, 1624, would be too young to be the Poet's friend. The Lordfhip of Hale is now [1845] poflefled by John Ireland Blackburne, Efq,, M.P. for Warrington, — C. Line 388, * To all my Heywoods.' — See note on 1. 4, at the commencement of the poem. — C. Line 389, * Brock J — This probably refers to William Brocke, of Upton, in the county of Chefter, Efq, He was born about 1595, was a member of the Inner Temple in London, and married Anne, daughter and co-heirefs of Robert Mohun, of Baynton, in the county of Dorfet, Efq., by whom he had feveral children. He died on the 4th April, 1640, and was buried on the 8th, at St. Mary's Church, in Chefter. He was the relative of Afheton, of Penketh, by the marriage of his fifter Catherine with that gentleman, and of Robert Heywood. On the death of William Brock, Efq., in 1734, the great-grandfon of the above, the manor of Upton pafled into the family of the NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 105 Egertons, of Oulton, by the marriage of his eldeft fifter and co-heirefs, Elizabeth, to John Egerton, of Oulton, Efq. — See Ormerod's ////?. CheJ/j., vol. ii. p. 444. — C. Line 389, ' Holcro/t.' — Thomas, eldeft fon of Geoffrey Holcroft, of Hurft, Efq., married Winefred, daughter of Mr. Chriftopher Tonge, of Tonge Hall, in the parifh of Preftwich, and died about 1638 ; being fucceeded by his fon Geoffrey, aet. 49, September 23rd, 1664. The family of Holcroft was conne6led with the Irelands of Hale, Hopwoods of Hopwood, Bamfords of Bamford, and other kinsfolk of the Heywoods. — C. Line 389, ' Holt.' — The family of Holt, here alluded to, is probably that of Afhworth Hall, in the parifh of Middleton, from its relation to the Heywoods. Richard, fon and heir of Robert Holt, of Afhworth, Efq., married his coufm Jane (fifter of Mrs. Peter Heywood), the youngeft daughter of John Greenhalgh, of Brandlefome Hall, Efq.; being the fourth inftance, in as many fucceffive generations^ of marriages being folemnized between members of thefe two wealthy and ancient families. Richard Holt, Efq., was buried in Middleton Church, September 28th, 1668. — C. II. THE MUSES DIRGE. 1625. NOTE. The ' Mufes Dirge' is of extreme rarity. Our reprodu6tion is derived from the only known exemplar, in the Britifli Mufeum (fm. 4°). The late Mr. Corfer feems to have been utterly ignorant of it. See Introduflion for more on this longeft poetical flight of James and notices of certain names and words in the poem. — G. THE MUSES DIRGE, CONSECRATED TO the Remembrance of the High and Mightie Monarch, Iames, by the Grace of God, late King i?/' Great Brittaine, France, and Ireland ; Who deceafed at Theobalds, vpon Sunday, being the feuen and twen- tieth of March, 1625. Written by Richard 'James, Mafter of Arts, and Preacher of Gods Word at Stoke- Newington, in the Countie of Middle- fex, neere LoNDON. LONDON, Printed by J. M. and /. N. for lohn Browne, and are to bee fold at his Shop in Pauls Church- yard, at the Signe of the Crane. 1625. TO THE RIGHT HONOVRABLE Edward Lord Conway Barron of Raggley, and one of his Maieftie's Principall Secretaries : And to the Right Worfhipfull Sir Francis Popham Knight, Richard Iames wiflieth all Temporall and Spi- ritual Happineffe, \IGHT Honourable^ and Right Worjhipfull, my publike zeale to the one of you, and my priuate ingagements to the other, haue inuited mee to this Dedication ; In it you may fee a King dead, and lining : dead according to the fejh, but liuing in the monument of his vertues, which furuiue beyond all deflation, beyond all Funeralls. Their lujire and irradiation is fuch, both in the firji aSfion, and in the thence proceeding precedent of their examples, that in themfelues, they neede no Panegiris, nor Commendation. But yet that I might expreffe my zeale to his Tombe, as I The Epiftle Dedicatorie. I did my obedience to his Crowne, I haue brought the myte of thefe Tributary Layes, to the Confe crated Altar of his remem- brance. If your Candor and worthinejfe entertaine them fauourably^ and giue them a free and noble acceptance, the A\xth.our Jhall thinke his endeauours fortunate, and Jhall for euer reji : Your Honours, and your Worihips euer deuoted Seruant. Richard Iames. THE THE MVSES DIRGE. ^^Ehold this heape of bones, this fenflefle fcuU ! This fpeakirg Embleme, reprefents at full f Man's fraile eftate ; which like vnto the grafTe a Doth fade, and wither, and away doth palTe In lefle then time : So that from out the wombe We come no fooner, but vnto the Tombe We make our Courfe ; this being Heaue'n's decree Since the firft fruite of the forbidden Tree Was chew'd by Jdatn ; that his feed allwayes Should haue on Earth but few, and euill daies. The truth whereof, we with wet eyes may fee In this fad Mirrour of Mortalitie ; 114 THE MFSES DIRGE. Whofe dayes though Long, were euen as a Span To great lehouae's wide all-meafuring hand. Whofe daies though good, had yet their thorny fhares Of worldly griefes, and Scepter-cirkling cares. Which he furmounting with the powerfull flrength Of his Seraphicke Soule, or'e fwai'd at length Eu'n as at firft ; transforming all their gall (Which makes fo many Soules ficke mortalls' thrall) To fweet Nepenthe ; with whofe pleafures drunke, Vnder their MafTe, his vigour neuer funcke But (2.) But ftill afpir'd : Like to the Bird they call Of Paradice ; which nere on Earth doth fall Though made of Earth : But ftill frequents the fkie, And ftill amongft thofe Azured Orbs doth flie. On Earth he liuing, liu'd no earthly life But fly'd aboue ambition, pride, and ftrife : Aboue thofe fmnes, which with diuifion's chaine Plucke Man from God, and God from Man againe. So that whatfoeuer Luftre you could finde, Difperft among'ft whole millions of Mankinde, Of different graces, — fliining like rich gemmes. Set in the fronts of feuerall Diadems : All thefe, like Crownes, adorn'd his Royall head. And of them all, large ftories you may reade In his Life Legend : Learning, Grauity, Soule-piercing Eloquence, rare Chaftity, THE MTSES DIRGE. 115 luftice, Compafsion, Pitie, Piety, Conftancie, Prudence, Saint-like Charity : All thefe were lockt within the Syttim Cheft, Of his retyred and Ca^leftial breaft. Then as fome rich perfumes being fent from farre. Where rifmg Phoebus mounts his gliftring Carre, Shut up in Boxes of Arabian Gold, Send from the mid'ft of that enclofmg mould. An Aromatic, fweete-perfuming fmell. Whereon the Soule and rauifh't fenfe doth dwell : Thefe vertues inthronized in that flirine. Which did enclofe thofe faculties diuine. Sent forth vnto great Brittaines gazing view. An obie6l of a bright tranfparent hewe ; His glorious Life, which all men did admire. As fparkling from the cleere Promethian fire Of (3-) Of Lawe and reafon ; which were ftill the fquares Of all his Life, his a6tions, and affaires ; Nor thus alone did admiration grace. But imitation did the footfteps trace Of his example. That the common wealth Was fraught with plenty, peace, and publike health j So that no members vnimploy'd did lye. But anfwer'd others with conformitie : All this proceeded from th' iradient light Of Iames his prefidcnts, whofe fplcndor might ii6 THE MFSES DIRGE. In future Ages ferue for patternes ftore, And blemifh all examples wrought before. He was that Head from whom the Reuerend traine Of our Law-giuers did their motions gaine: He was that head from whom the States-man tooke His Oracles, as from fome Delphian Booke : He was that head from whom the Scholler drew Contemplatiue and Pradlique Maxims too. Sixt Henries zeale, was lodg'd within his breaft ; Seuenth Henries wifdome in his Soule did reft j Third EdwarcTs care his Scepter did attend ; Elizabeth's fweet meekenefte did commend His Princely gouernment, as truely good. As it was free from flaughter-breathing bloud. And all thefe Graces in fuch plenteous meafure. Were powred forth of great Pandorus treafure, Vpon his Regall felfe, that all her hoord. All her large Magazin could fcarfe afFoord But fuch another Patterne ; pleafmg Peace, Full fwelling plenty, priuate, publike eafe Were Handmaides to his Scepter ; He that ploughes The Wefterne Ifles, and Ireland's flimy floughes ; B. 2 The (4-) The Redftianke which frequents that Northerne fliore. Where Neptune's waues againft cold Orkney roare. The nimble Kerne, who footes it or'e the paces. The Bogs and Quagmires, and thofe vncouth placefs. rHE MFSES DIRGE. 117 Where Oneal's baftard iiTue, proud Tyrone As Vljiers Monarch did himfelfe inthrone : All thefe reformed grew, and patternes tooke Of life and liuing, from th' exemplar booice Of their late Soueraigne ; whofe religious care. No coft of Coyne, no labour did forbeare. To reftore Churches in th' Hybernian Land, Spoyl'd by th' accurfed Northerne Rebels hand : Thus popular, and vncontrould applaufe. Did all the Current of his adlions grace ; Only that impure, pure reputed (tOi, Which Angular precifenefTe doth affer«^/y«^'— mif-printed ' Pracique'' : p. 117, 1. 6, * forbeare ' — mif- printed 'ferbeare': ibid., 1. 15, ' Ignatian Conclaue'' ^]tCuhs, after their founder Ignatius Loyola: p. 118, 1. i, ' Argilian'z=Argyle or Highland: ibid., 1. 22, ' Callenture" = violent fever: ibid., 11. 24-5, ' Beame-lands ' and ' Sycambrid's ' — fee our Introdu(5Hon : p. 119, 1. 23 onward — fee our Introduftion on King James's Works as here celebrated : p. 120, 1. 1% ,' obfequious right ^ — right of obfequies: p. 121, 1. 19, * Herick' — fee our Introdu6tion on this : p. 122, 1. 18, '<:on/i<2//' = heart-ftrings, with play on' cor', the heart : p. 125,1. 12, ^ Ramfef s help' — fee our Introduftion : p. 126, 1. 6 (from bottom) ' Court-Hyrudoes" — Ibid. — G. III. THE LEGEND AND DEFENCE OF SIR JHON OLDCASTELL. NOTE. Of • The legend and defence of y« Noble Knight and Martyr Sir Jhon Oldcaftel,' and Shakefpeare's Sir John FalftafF, fee our Intro- duftion ; wherein I notice other poems in vindication of Oldcaftle. The 'Legend,' etc., has never before been printed, though frequently re- ferred to. For a painftaking tranfcript of James's notes I owe beft thanks to Mr. F. Madan, M.A., of Brafenofe College, Oxford, who has tranfmuted into a pleafure what footh to fay might have been regarded as mere copyift's profeflional tafk-work. Somehow the late Mr. Corfer is uncharaderiftically inaccurate in his quotations from the * Obfervatlons,' efpecially in the Latin and French. In the MS. (fmall folio) there is {a) Title: {b) Epiftle-dedicatory : (c) Occleve's * Legend,' with a few marginal notes, probably his own, and confifting chiefly of citations from St. Auguftine, etc., alluded to, or corroborative of, paflages in the poem: (^d) on page 20 (modern method of paging, and really fol. 9b, not lob) begin 'Obferva- tlons vppon Hoccleve,' which continue to the end (p. 34, really fol. isb). The MS. is No. 34 in the James Collection in the Bodleian. — G. The legend and defence of y^ Noble knight and Martyr Sir Jhon Oldcaftel Sett forth By Richard lames Bachelour of divinitie and fellowe of .CC.C. in Oxford * * Ariftotle [EPISTLE-DEDICATORY.] To my Noble friend S' Henrye Bourchier. IR HARRIE BOURCHIER, you are de- fcended of Noble Aunceftrie, and in the dutie of a good man loue to heare and fee faire reputation preferud from flander and oblivion. Wherefore to you I dedicate this edition of Ocleve, where S"" Jhon Oldcaftell apeeres to haue binne a man of valour and vertue, and onely loft in his owne times becaufe he w^ould not bow^e vnder the foule fuperfti- tion of papiftrie; from w^hence in fo great light of Gofple and learning that there is not yet a more vniverfall depar- ture, is to me the greateft fcorne of men. But of this more in another place, and in preface, will you pleafe to heare me that which followes. A young Gentle Ladie of your acquaintance, having read y'" works of Shakefpeare, made me this queftion : How Sir Jhon FalftafFe, or Faftolf,i as it is written in y^ ftatute book of Maudlin Colledge in Oxford, where everye daye y* focietie were bound to make memorie of his foule, could be dead in Harrie y^ Fifts ' From FaJIolf to foule is added interlineally and in the margin, in James's handwriting. ,3!? EPISTLE-DEDICATORT. time, and againe Hue in y" time of Harrie y^ fixt to be banifht for cowardize ? Whereto I made anfweare that this was one of thofe humours and miftakes for which Plato banifht all poets out of his commonwealtth : that Sir Jhon Falftaffe was in thofe times a Noble valiant fouldier as apeeres by a book in the Heralds office dedicated vnto him by a herald whoe had binne with him if I well re- member for y'' fpace of 25 yeeres in y^ French wars; that he feemes allfo to haue binne a man of learning, becaufe in a librarie of Oxford I finde a book of dedicating churches fent from him for a prefent vnto Bifshop Wain- flete and infcribed with his owne hand. That in Shake- fpeares firft fhewe of Harrie ye fift, y® perfon with which he vndertook to playe a buffone was not Falftaffe, but S"" Jhon Oldcaftle, and that offence beinge worthily taken by perfonages defcended from his title, as peradventure by manie others allfo whoe ought to haue him in honourable memorie, the poet was putt to make an ignorant fhifte of abufmg S"" John Falflaffe or ^ Faftolphe, a man not inferior of vertue though not fo famous in pietie as the other, whoe gaue witneffe vnto the truth of our reformation with a conftant and refolute martyrdom, vnto which he was pur- fued by the priefsts, Bifhops, Moncks, and Friers of thofe dayes. Noble Sir, this is all my preface. God keepe your and me, and all Chriftian people from the bloodie defignes of that cruell religion. Yours in all obfervance Rich. James. ' Falflaffe or is eiafed in the MS. Cclte feult taiile au temps que le Roy Henri le cinquiefme que Dieu pardoine feuft a Hamp- ton fur Ton primer paffage vers Harflete. HE ladder of hevene I meine charitee Comandith vs if our brothir be falle In to errour, to haue of him pitee And feeke weyes in our wittes alle How we maye him ageyn to vertu call. And in gretter errour ne knowe I noon Than thow that dronke haaft herefies gall And art fro Chryftes feith twynned and goon. Alias that thow that were a manly knyght And fhoon ful cleer in famous worthyneiTe Standing in the favour of everye wight Haaft loft the ftyle of Chriftenly prowefle I+O THE LEGEND AND DEFENCE OF Among alle hem that ftand in the cleerenefle Of good byleeue, and no man with the holdith Saif curfid caitifs heires of dirknefle. For verray routhe of thee myn herte coldith. 3- Thow haaft maad a faire permutacion Fro Cryftes lore to feendly doilryne, From honour and fro dominacion Vnto repreef and mefchevous vnyne Fro Criften folk to hethenly covyne Fro feuretee vnto vnfikirnefle, Fro joye and efe vnto wo and pyne, Fro light of trouthe vnto dirk falfnefle. 4- O Oldcaftel alias what eilid thee To flippe into the fnare of herefie, Thurgh which thow foo art to the Trinite And to the blefled virgyne Marie, And to the innumerable holy compaignie Of hevene, and to all holy chirche alias. To longe haaft thow bathid in that folie, Ryfe vp and pourge thee of thy trefpas. 5- AuguftinuidefideadPetrum. Seint Auftyn fcith, whiles a man abydith FirmilTime teneet nullatenus ■' _ t i-n dubitcs,quemiibethaereticum Ji^ herefie or fcifme, and lift nat flee etc. qui EcclefiE Catholics non tenet vnitatem neq bap- T^hcr fro, his foulc fro God hc dividith, tifmus ncq elemofyna quan- tumcunq copiofa, ncq mors y^j^j lyj^v nat favcd been in no degree. pro Chrifti nomine lufcepta / ° proficere poterit ad falutcm. SIR JHON OLDCASrELL. 14.1 For what man holdith nat the vnitee Of holy Chirche, neither his bapteeme, Ne his almefl'e how large that it be To helthe him profytt, ne God queeme. 6. And yet moreover he feith thus alfo, Thogh that an heretyk for Cryftes name Shede his blood, and his lyf for Cryft forgo Shal nat him faue. Alias the harm and fliame ! May nat thy fmert thy fturdy herte attame ? Obeie, obeie in the name of Jhesu. Thow art of merit and of honur I'ame, Conquere hem two, and the arme in vertu. De Theodofij iiiuftris im- If thvn hy hertc bolnynge in errour peratorisobediencialihumili- ■' •' jo tate refpice in hhioria tripar- Xo holv chirchc CannOt buXUm bc, tita lib. ixo vbi narrat. cum ■' apud Theflalonicam civita- Bcholde ThEODOSIUS EmpcrOUr tern etc. '■ How humble and buxum vnto God was he. No reward took he of his dignitee. But as a lamb to holy chirche obeide. In the fcripture may men rede and fe How meekly of the Bifshop grace he preide. Th' ofFenfe which that he ageyn God wroghte Was nat fo greet as thyn by many fold, And yit ful hevy he was and it forthoghte, Obeyyng as that holy Chirche hath wold. ,42 THE LEGEND AND DEFENCE OF Thow that thy foule to the feends haaft fold, Bye it agayne thirogh thyn obedience. Thyn herefie is al to hoor and old. Correal thee at Cryftes reverence. 9- And for thy foules helthe do eeke fo, Thy pride quenche and thy prefumpcion. Wher thow haaft been to Cryftes feith a fo Plante in thyn herte a deep contricion. And hennes foorth be Cryftes champion. The welle of mercy renneth al in brede, Drynlce thereof, fyn ther is fwich foyfonn. Thyn hertes bottel therof fill I rede. 10. Thow haaft offended God wondirly fore. And nathelees if thow the wilt amende Thogh thy gilt wer a thowfand tymes more Axe him mercy and he wile it the fende. Thou art vnwys thogh thow the wys pretende. And fo been all of thyn opinioun. To God and holy Chirche thow thee bende Cafte out thy venym thurgh confeflioun. II. scriptum eft; oflenditc vos Xhow feift confeffion auriculecr lacerdotibus. Ther needith noon, but it is the contrarie Thou lookift mis, thy fighte is nothing cleere. Holy writ therein is thyn adverfarie. SIR JHON OLDCASTELL. 143 And Clerkes all fro thy conceit varie, That Cryftes partie holden and maynteene. Leue that conceit, left that thow mifcarie Waar of the fwerd of God, for it is keene. Augufiin, de Vifitatione infir- morum dicit. In muro civi- tatis fupcrnae apponendus es lapis vivus, in cuius edificio non auditur fecuris aut mal- leus. Hicperferendus eft Itre- pitus, hie adiciendus eft lapidi malleus, hie conterendum ell totum lapidis fupervacuum. Strepims peecatorum tuoram recordatio fuper quibus per- ftrepat in aure facerdotis hu- millima tua confeffio. 12. Heer in this lyf vnto Gods mercy crie And with the axe or hammer of penance Smyte on the ftoon, flee thyn obftinacie, Haue of thy fynnes hevy remembrance. Rowne in the preeftes ere and the grevance Of thy foule meekly to him confefte And in the wal of hevene is no doutance Thow fhalt a qwik ftoon be for thy goodneffe. 13- O Oldcaftel how hath the feend thee blent ? Where is thy knyghtly herte ? art thow his thrall ? Thou erreft foule eek in the facrament Of the auter. But how in fpeciall For to declare it needith nat at all. It knowen is in many a regioun. Now fyn the feend hath yoven the a fall, Qwyte him, let fee, ryfe vp and flynge him down. 14- Ryfe vp a manly knyght out of y" flowe Of herefie, O lurker as a wrecche Where as thow erred haaft, correi.) Y i62 OBSERFAriONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. and others much tempted him to a fubmiflion. As a brief extra6l from the cronicle of Thomas Elmham con- cerning Harrie y^ fifts time hath it. Tra6lus, fufpenfus, fuccenfus, voce gemit nil. * ' fiif curfid cait'ifs .' — As Chrifte and his Apoftles had the fclaunder of the Scribes and pharifies, and in pretenfe of new do6lrine were cruelly perfequted both by Jewes and Gentiles, fo fared it with y'^ Wicklevifts and Wal- denfes, whoe had the boldenefle to reftore evangelicall pietie. According to that they liud, they wroght, they fufFerd, and even from their owne adverfaries haue in thofe refpeils wonne many elogies. Howfoever their bloodie perfeqution for a long time ceafed not ; the papall clergie everie where inciting princes to warre and maflacre, whereof ould Gower fpeakes thus. Pacificam Petri vaginam mucro refumens Horruit ad Chrifti verba cruoris iter. Nunc tamen afliduo gladium de fanguine tinftum Vibrat avaritia lege tepente facra. 5. * Of holy chirche.'' — Bothe aunciently and in our ages there be great debates and quarrells aboute y" church. But afluredly they are mofte of them vaine and fa6lious. The Waldenfes and the Wicklevift and all other names of our reformation departed not from the Church of Chrifte, whome they rather intended to followe neerely according to that do61:rine which he hath prefcribed vnto it in holie fcripture, where himfelf and not the pope of Rome is head and commaunder. To the Churches where- in we live we owe indeede a great civill obedience, But if OBSERFATIONS VPPON HOCCLEFE. 163 yeither they or others pretending Chrifte fliall fowly abufe p. u. themfelves in manners and docStrine, from them wee apeale vnto the fountaines and mountaines of fcripture, to vfe the words of Cyprian and fain6l Chryfoftome. and in retiring hether with integritie of heart though with the refidue of our owne lives and fortunes we departe not from the church, but from Rome and Babylon, from whofe crueltie good Lord deliver vs. 7. * Beholde Theodofius! — The fuddaine bloodie exe- cution of Theodofius is in ftorie fully fett downe, and for my parte the zele of Sain6l Ambrofe is no lefTe worthy an epifcopall imitation. But for the papall Bifshops vfur- pation vppon Chriftian princes, tis a wonder that Chriftians haue fo long fufFerd it. Cleere difcoueries of this pointe are made by infinite manie writers, and of this I faye no more ; But that howfoever prelats may vfe their office civilly, yet Julius the "I- had no authoritie from Chrifte vppon ^ his difpleafure to give awaye the kingdome of Navarre from a right Chriftian prince vnto Ferdinand of Arragon, whoe in Nebriflenfis his owne hiftorians pane- gyrick could haue no other excufe in taking then that Navarre did before denormare Hifpaniam. 8. ' Th' offence.^ — I haue heard a ftorie of a Spanifli confeflbr that for murder and fuch like peccadillos in his penitent could finde fomme excufe and fatisfa6lion, but for eating an egg on Friday he grew into an infinite furie. Such may be the comparifon betwixt the buiflhefle of the * His feems to be erafed. i64 OBSERFATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. p. 21. Emperour Theodofius and the moft religious martyr S'' Jhon Oldcaftell. The one in a furie, caufed at ThefTa- p. 22. lonica, peflmel the juft with the || vnjuft, withoute all triall of lawe, feven thowfand old and younge, to be mowed downe together, — for fo hiftorians exprefle the maflacre, — and fo befmeard with blood feares not to comme to church. S'' Jhon Oldcailell a man otherwife vnblemifht, fayes his belief in Englifh, Hues according vnto the ten commaunde- ments, is diligent to reade and fearch the fcriptures, and being by them informed will no longer alienate himfelf from the fmceritie of Chriftes gofple, and therefore the vnmanly priefts and Monks with varietie of cruell torment put him to death : and certeinly as Theodofius is no ex- emple for the Noble knight in this cafe, fo Saindl Ambrofes behaviour is no authoritie for popes or prelates to triumphe over their liege princes, what he ^ did, he did ""to the good liking of the Emperour, otherwife never difpofed to doe him or his officers any fuch like affronte. And the popes will tread vppon the necks of princes perforce, make them comme bare foote vppon ice, and doe a thowfand other abjed fubmiffions, fo long as they wilbe fo foolifh as to receive crownes of pecocks tailes from his abufion : The places from whence I gather the behaviour of Saindt Ambrofe with his prince in y^ buifnefle of Theflalonica are-firft ex ep. 28. lib. 5. Hunc ego impetum, faith he, malui cogitationibus tuis fecreto committere, quam meis fadlis publice fortaffis movere. Itaq, malui officio meo ' In the MS. hid. ' In the MS. to is inferted later. OBSERFATIONS rPPON HOCCLEFE. 165 aliquid deeiTe quam humilitati, et requiri in me ab alijs p. 21. facerdotis authoritatem, quam a te defiderari in me aman- tifTime honorificentiam, vt repreflb impetu integra eflet confilij eligendi facultas. loine to this another place ex oratione de bafdicis tradendis adverfus Auxentium lib. 5. ep. Adverfus arma, milites, Gotthos quoq^ lacrimae meas arma funt. Talia ^ -n* munimenta funt facerdotis. Aliter nee debeo nee pofTum refiftere. Fugere autem et relinquere ecclefiam non foleo. Si fecerit ille quod folet Regire efle poteftatis, ego fubire paratus quod facerdotis efTe confuevit. II. ' Ther needith noonJ' — Cleerely there needes none, none of force and neceflitie, yet if any will confefle, he may. But I belieue that all the leude poemes that haue bin written, all the pi6tures as they call them of Aretine, are not according to Celfus his prefcripfion fo powerful an incittement of Venerie as the queftions and fcruples of confeflion. fee pupilla oculi, Toftatus in divers places, the rabble of ould and new penitenciaries "*and to difmilFe this ^ Scil. enim, as elfewhere. ' In the margin here is written : — * Erafmiis according to the time hath of purpos written a moderate treatife of confeflion, yet he cannot denie this abufion. his wordes are. Sacerdotes homines funt, faepe juvenes, nonnunquam et mali, aut certe imbecilles. Horum animus corrumpitur audiendis aliorum prodigiofis admiffis, ac faspe propelluntur ad eadem patranda quae ab alijs patrata didicerunt — Audivi Theologum quendam non abhorrentem a mulierculis impu- dicis, narrantem fe audifle quendam facris virginibus prxfe6tum, qui confiteretur fefe ftuprafle ducentas virgines. Ex hoc adeo fibi blan- diebatur is qui hoc referebat, vt nunquam cogitaturus videretur de meditanda caftitate. So Erafmus. (This note is in Rich. James's handwriting.) i66 OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. p. 22. note, with my reverend Vncle do6lor Thomas James in his introduction to divinitie, Confeflion better confiderd, is a weapon to amaze and amate the confcience, to picke the purfe, to make the confefTour a knaue, wiues whores, and hufbands cuckolds, a ftratageme of ftate, to worke treafon and rebellion, to tie the laitie to the clergie, the clergie to the pope, and fo to make him what he pretends. Rex Regum et Dominus dominantium. 12. ' Jugujiin. de vifitat!' — Of this fuppofititious Auftin tis the cenfure of learned Erafmus. fermo locutuleij nee dodti nee diferti. Quid habuerunt vel frontis vel mentis qui talia fcripta nobis obtruferunt nomine Auguftini ? p. 23. Although in the auncient Fathers there be 1| allfo many fayings and fentences which muft be corre6led by the rule of fcripture, yet I conceive it would be a well deferving induftrie for fomme able man to gather a bodie of divi- nitie from their authentique workes, and again to paralell the fame with colle6lions out of fuch treatifes as are faind vnder their names by illiterate impoftors. So we fliowld fee what the Fathers withoute authoritie of fcrip- ture haue warranted from Juifh and Gentile tradition, and how vppon this fucceeding papiftrie hath crept in and made an infinite addition of Impofture. 16. ' Vnto Seint petir.' — Tis true God is y'' God of ordre, and for the peaceable goverment of people and ftates, feverall fortes of men muft be trufted with feverall autho- rities yet not fo that they remaine avuTrsuduvoi, that epi- thite belonges to God onely. The priefts muft haue the direction of vs in religion, and eafily for private fa£lion OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEVE. 167 or ambition or other humour we mufl: not refufe their p.i3- obedience. But if eminently withoute and beyond all commiffion of reafon and fcripture they fhalbe prefumptuous to ftretch authoritie rather to the deftru6lion then edifijnge of the Church, we maye and muft faye in defpight of the popes canons and contrivements, domine papa cur ita facis ? and if he or other prieft or prelat in the tyrannic of his office will goe farther yeither to fentence of death or ex- communication, wee fee that in all ages manie are contented to ruine the refidue rather then wrong their owne cleere confcience, and from the hard neceffitie of this life apeale to heaven. So did in one cafe againft the pope our well reputed Bifhop of Lincolne Robert Grofletefte, of whome in ftorie tis thus reported. Obiit etiam fanitus Robertus Lincolnienfis epifcopus di6lus grofTum caput. 8. Idus O6I0- bris. Hie itaque in cun6lis liberalibus artibus excellenter inftru6lus, in logica prascipue et aftrologia florens plurima commentatus eft. Ad Innocentium quoq^ papam mifit epiftolam inve61:ivam fatis et tonantem pro eo quod eccle- fias Angliee indebitis exadlionibus vexare videretur. Hac de caufa Robertus ad curiam vocatus eft, et cum molefta- retur appellavit conftanter a curia Innocentii ad tribunal Chrifti. Vnde contigit quod Roberto in Anglia obeunte, audita eft vox in curia papae. Veni mifer ad judicium. Repertus eft in craftino papa exanimis, quafi cufpide baculi in latere percuflus.' * 18. * Lete holy Chirche' — In Gods name lett it ftill ' In the margin here is written, in James's handwriting; — * But y*^ i68 OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. P. ^^^ be the dutye of priefts and prelates to dire6l the people, but lett them knowe that they dire6l men and nott beaftes, men that haue reafonable foules and vnderftandings, and whoe haue on them a greater neceflitie of obeijng God then men. Tis true, for a longe time Fathers and chil- dren, and their childrens children continued in the blinde obedience of papiftrie, where the blinde did leade the blinde. But when Gods pleafure was to enlighten the world with tranflations of fcripture, with fomme kw excellent reftorers of arte and languadge, the people quickly faw the gofple and embraced it, and were it not for extreme tyrannie of Antechrift, I cannot feare, but that all nations and people of the Chriftian world would quickly vnite themfelves vnto the proteftant doilrine and reformation of which S' Ihon Oldcaftell and many other millions of men, woemen, children, haue long fmce given teftimonie with lofle of their lives, their fortunes, and any thing els which in re- fpe6t of this world might be deere vnto them. p. 24. II 25. * Lancelot de Lake J — For the fpace of five hundred yeeres as La-Noue obferves in his politique dif- courfes, with fuch like books people entertaind their lea- fure J The daunger and mifchief of them he hath alfo there well remembred, to which I maye adde, that certeinly they were of fett poUicie invented by the jngeniers of Peter of Rome is of long time y"" pope onely, of whome y^ MS. legend in S'' Rob. Cottons librarie fayes thus. For holi cherclie ne fcholde nout in no ftede ftonde to dome Ne anfuere king ne prins bote y*^ pope of Rome. OBSERFATIONS rppON HOCCLEFE. 169 papiftrie to keepe people from a defire of reading and p- 14- perufing holie fcripture, and other books of Greeke and Latin inftru6lion, where they haue fince learned that the whole frame of the later ignoble Roman fuperftition is meere impofture, and fo their Lancelots and Amadifes and knights of the funne and other no lefle fabulous legends haue had their time, and are now allmoft everie where going into oblivion.' * 28. * O Conjlantyn.' — If Conftantine did exalte his pre- lates aboue meafure, later ftories fay frequently of him, that he fent poifon into the church. He indeede calld a coun- fell where 'the Arrianifme was condemnd, yet had Arrian bifhops fo great favour with him in the Courte, as that partie was ftill vpheld. amongft thofe was Eufebius Cefa- rienfis whoe in a book of his ao;ainft Marcellus difdaignes much that himfelf fhould be fo handled whome Conftantin held worthy to be Bifhop of the whole Oecumenicall world. Marcellus writt againfi: Afterius, Eufebius againft Marcellus, and in a manufcript of that writing in y*' Vni- verfitie librarie fomme Greeke reader could not forbeare ^ In the margin here is written, in James's handwriting : — * But as Occleve heere fo allfo another champion of y^ time reviles our re- ligious knight for reading fcripture, aftir this manner. Hit is vnkindely for a Knight y' (hulde a kings cartel kepe To bable of y'= bible day and night in refting tyme when he fliould flepe And carefully away to creepe for all y"^ chief of chivalrie Wei aught hym to waile and wepe, y' luch luft hath in Lollardie. ' So the MS. I70 OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEyE. p. i4. to give this marginall note, kuke^Icov ttocvtccv tvv "^uau^iav spsv^u. Wherefore whatfoever Conftantine did which is the fub- je6l of a larger difcourfe, Petrarch wifheth him back againe to take awaye from that ill deferving church all his donatives. Church and church men muft for ftate and honour of pietie haue wherewith liberally to fuftaine them- felves, but as king Alfred in his tranflation of Boethius hath it, in a well framd building of goverment, all the glorie and wealth and power muft not be layd vppon one piller, left that prefTe vppon the other and force a ruine of all. What the popes did in the empire with their exceflive dotation from Conftantine or Charledemaigne or Mathilda, or their owne proling rapine in the fufferance of barbarous ignorant princes and people, Lumbards, Gothes, and Van- dals, is everie where fett downe in hiftorie. But what effe6l his prelates greatnefle had in England I will leave the reader to confider from one relation of Mathiew Paris in a hiftorie of the Abbots lives of Sainft Albanes written with Walfmghams owne hand. The relation is thus. Eo tempore cum Willielmus conqueftor Angliae, alias di6lus Nothus, dux Normanniae vnico belli congrefl\i Anglos ita viciffet, vt in confpecStu fuo tota terra fileret quafi mirans fatum, in quodam conventu vbi cunfti praelati cum nobilioribus regni convenerant, omnes ita convenit. Miror ait, quod huius regni militia five communitas quae nuUius iugum ferre confueverunt fine frequenti recalcitratione me fufceperint et admiferint atq^ toleraverint libenter vt domi- num, et velut infortunio vnius horas frafti, vt imbelles meo fe dominio pacifice fubmiferunt. Quoties regni praefentis OBSERFAriONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. 171 militia Danis Pidlis et Scotis rebellaverit,et femper libertatem p. 24. cum victoria reportaverit libri veftri manifefte declarant. Ad hoc cum ftarent ftupefacfli milites et Anglorum Nobiles, et tanquam perculfi verecundia non haberent refponfum congruum tantae Regis infolentiae, Abbas monafterii fanili Albani cupiens fibi nomen adquirere, et ab Anglis tergere naevum igna||viae, fimul et gratias reportare, pro omnibus P.isci7)- ita refpondit. Rex inquit lUuftriflime. Quod Anglos de facili ita vicifti, et regnum pacifice pofledifli, religiofis regni tui debes gratiam et favorem. Nempe praedeceflbres tui gloriofi Reges Angliae magnam partem Infulae religioforum domibus, partim a6li devotione, partim coa61:i miraculis contulerunt ; qUcX fi permanfiiTet in manibus dominorum temporalium, forfitan quilibet ex parte fua contra te refif- tentiam paraviflet. Sed quia religiofi noluerunt ficut nee debuerunt adverfum te rebellionem facere, cui certis de caufis putabant regni jura competere, vicifti facilius, intrafti liberius, et ad praefens ufq, regnum quietius pofledifti. Rex his auditis, ex Abatis ore verbum rapiens ita refpondit. Si inquit pofTefliones vobis datae et ereptae militibus funt in caufa quare Angli rcquiverunt mihi refiftere, patet quod in futurum Rex Dacias vel quilibet alius mihi bcllum inferre poterit, et non erit qui me defendat vel regnum meum, Et ideo de ore tuo te judico, et a te inprimis in- cipio, repetens poflcffiones quibus nimis habundas, quibus exhiberi poflint milites ad defenfionem regni pr.tfentis. Et hac occafione dicitur abftulilTe de domo fancSli Albani totum pene dominium quod habuit a Barneto vf(]x Lon- donias ad locum vulgariter vocatum Londoneftone. This 172 OBSERVAriONS FPPON HOCCLEVE. p. 25 (17). mightie dotation of the church was ever a grievance of the Englifli, fo that in parliamente they did make many re- monftrances of it, and thence it is that in verie manie books printed and written I often finde this like calcula- tion, funt en Engleterre. xlv. m. eglifes parochiales. et viles. Lij. M. Fees des chevalers. lx. m. cc. xv. de queux funt en religioun. xxviii. m. etc. Theis and other things putt together, it would not be any hard matter to prooue, that all the chainges and miferable cafualties of this land hath comme both to prince and people from their dowrie ; nay thence it is that in ould writings of the monks we reade England often termd, dos Mariae and 'B* Petri patrimonium fpeciale. and in Wicklefe whofe do6lrine and advife made a wife prince Edward the third provide againft the mifchief, the ftoniackfuU moncks and Friers threaten, that if this or that were not mended they would be gonne and returne with bright heads : King Harrie the fift alfo had this buifneffe in his thoughts, had he not binne diverted in fuch manner as ftories tell, and amongft them one of his owne time, thus. AUfo then this Noble prince let do calle all the Abbottis and priours of feint Benettis ordre in England, and had theym in the chapter houfe of Weft- mynfter for the reformacioun of the ordre, wherein he had communication alfo with Byffhoppis and men of th«e fpiritualte, in foo ferre forth, that they doubted fore he would haue had the temporalties out of their handes. Wherefore by th' avys and labour and procuring of the fpiritualtie was encoraged the kyng to chalendge Norman- dye and his right in Fraunce to th' entente to gette him OBSERFATIONS VPPON HOCCLEFE. 173 awarke there that he fhuld natt feeke occafiouns to entre p. zs (27). into fuch maters. And all hys lyve aftir he labou||red in p. 26(28). the werris in conquering greate parte of the royefme of Fraunce. And for this the Monks and prelates inftigation of princes to warre, bothe Gower and this Hoccleve have otherwhere made fharpe invedlives againft them. The one fayes that they fent the Barouns and luftie bacheliers into Prus, Rodes, Tartaric, to travaile for worfhip and their Ladies love, and to flaye the Sarafms, u^hileft them- felvs heere wallow^ed in all vncleane fecuritie. parte of the verfes are thcis. What fchuld I wynne over the fee If I my Ladie left at home. But pafle they the fait fome To whom Crift bad they fchulden preche To all the world and his feith teche. But now they rulcken in her neft And reften as hem liketh beft In all the fwetenefle of delices Thus they defenden vs the vices And fitte hemfelven all amydde. To flen and frighte they vs bidde Hem, whome they fchuld as the book feith Converten vnto Chriftes feith. And thus much may ferve in confideration of Conftantine or Juftinians over pampering or Mnignionning the Church. A moderation in all things is beft. 37. * Prince of Preejies.' — I will not heere be fpar- ing to advertife the reader concerning this principalitie, wherefore firft I tranfcribe vnto him parte of Thomas ' Perhaps rnigniouning . 174 OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. p. 16(28). Waldens preface in his fecond tome to Harrie y^ fift where he flatters his crueltie aftir this manner. Regalibus juffis veftris obtemperans ; Indite domine Angliae Rex Henrice, Chrifti gratia triumphator invi6le, do6lrinalis antiquitatum ecclefiae Jefu Chrifti contra Witcleviftas noftrates hasreticos volumen ingredior jam fecundum: opus mihi arduum et ingens, fed vtinam tuas Chriftianiflimae charitati, quantum optatum, tarn competens, tarn acceptabile, quam erit accep- tum. Non latet hunc terrarum orbem quo ftomacho ifto- rum novellorum haereticorum deteftaris infamias. Prodit hoc te tacente ignis jugis fupplicij : qui te, vel magis in te Xpo jubente in fynagoga eorum frequenter exarfit ; flamma combuflit peccatores. Prodit hoc affiftrix tua fapientia, quam regni pontificibus obtulifti,vt cum eis laboraret femper, arderet femper fcire, quid eis acceptum eflet coram deo omni tempore. At quis fide fedulus non gauderet eximie, cum tantus princeps non diu poft primae vn6lionis, et faftus Regii facramentum gauderet fe in caufa Chrifti et ecclefiae primum erexifle vexillum, et fuper hoc devotiflime deo caneret, Benedi6lus dominus meus, qui docet manus meas ad praelium, et digitos meos ad bellum ? Nee in hoc gaudens, quod erratici fpiritus, quibus inflantur hasretici fubijcerentur ei : fed quia fperavit tali aufpicante principio nomen fuum in caelis efle confcriptum : fperavit fe ex hoc haeredem plufquam Ducis Guillelmi, ducis Moyfi, qui libans deo primitias probitatis, vt Ifraelem erueret jugulavit -^gyptium, fucceflbrem etiam fidelem inftituens Gedeonis, no6le deftruxit aram Baal, lucumq^ fuccidit, et domorum latibula, in quibus Lollardi fua conventicula celebrabant, OBSERrATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. i-js docentes dodlrinas Balam, et offerentes contra || Chriftum p. 27 (19). haeretica facramenta. Imitabatur ex animo Ezekiam in regno, qui plus alijs Regibus in exordijs regni docuit popu- lum audadler frangere fimulachra opinionum et haerefum, quas furor Witcleviftica? pravitatis in regno confculpfit : fuccidere lucos, altaria demoliri, quibus deccpti vulgares, aut dodlores eorum decumbebant in clero : et ne libere docerent in ecclefijs, excelfas eis cathedras publica fandlione ecclefia^ fecerat interdici. Haec prima bella tibi praeftituis, his galeis caput dedicas recenter coronatum. His ducibus, his Regibus tibi plus placet fide quam Edwardis et ' Henrici jlluftribus alioquin Regibus carne fuccedere. At verb hoc ipfo invitas me pauperculum fervum tuum, vt poft Eliam patrem meum fimili animofitate decurram, quatenus invo- catione Jefu Chrifti in hoc torrente fcripturae patern^ o6tingentos pfeudoprophetas gladio perimam verbi dei, vel certe magis, vt tu ipfe perimas hoftes Chrifti, qui omniquaq^ cupis eos efle devi6los. See heere what it is in Poperie to be a Prince of Priefts. Tis to murder, to maflacre, to burne vp his owne innocent people for their fakes whoe hate to be reformd. Thofe whoe by their owne counfells, by their owne lawes no not in cafe of treafon, fhould fol- licite the blood and death of men, but rather pardon and mercie for all offenders, theis incarnate divells of men, for- getting both their owne law and the milder precepts of Chriftes gofple, crie out nothing but blood and fire and death and torment vppon their brethren, whoe fay all the ' So the MS., for Henricis ? 176 OBSERVATIONS VPPON HOCCLEVE. p. 47 (29). articles of their creede, doe the ten commaundements vnto the beft of their power, and whoe never out of will ^and do(5lrine though fommetimesfromextremitie, haue dared lift vp their hands againft full hard princes, when their blood- fwilling adverfaries haue antiquated Chriftes lawe for their owne inventions, by canon and rubrick difpofe of crownes and kingdomes according to their owne humour, and yet give vnto Princes for all their lowe abjeilnefle the onely title of Hangmen, as we may fee in Sarifberienfis his policraticon. lib. 4. cap. 3. Hunc ergo gladium faith he de manu ec- clefias accipit princeps, cum ipfa tamen gladium fanguinis omnino non habeat. Habet tamen et iftum, fed eo utitur per principis manum, cui coercendorum corporum contulit poteftatem, fpiritualium fibi in pontificibus autoritate re- fervata. Eft ergo princeps facerdotij quidem minifter, et qui facrorum officiorum illam partem exercet quae facerdotij manibus videtur indigna. Sacrarum namq^ legum omne officium religiofum et pium eft, illud tamen inferius, quod in poenis criminum exercetur, et quandam carnificii reprae- fentare videtur imaginem." % O princes be wife, be not butchers of men, be not onely princes of priefts, but gentle tutelar Angells of all your fubjeils. Charledemaigne was a prince of priefts, and alhough he had witt to reigne them ' "Though" in the MS. : and stems to be written on the top of " though". * In the margin here is written: — jHenrie y« fift was putt vppon y*^ warres of France mainly vppon y^ inftigation of y*' papall clergie, becaufe he ftiould not ftaye at home to correft their infinite abomina- tions j to humour them, he drawes a bloodie fwoard allfo vppon his owne innocent people, and when he hath donne all, as we maye rcade OBSERFAriONS rPPON HOCCLEFE. 177 for his owne time, vppon his pofteritie they haue triumphd p. 17 (49). through the fuperexaltation which he gaue them. Where- fore in my vnderftanding Cardan gives princes good coun- felle in his . 3 . book of wifdome, where he fayes. Caven- dum tamen eft, ne vel fuperfluus fit fumptus, vel facerdoti- bus fumma authoritas tribuatur : Cum -n- plures optimi fint, periculofum tamen eft, falutem publicam illis com- mittere ob religionis apud populum au<5loritatem, idt}^ eventu fatis manifeftum eft. ^thiopibus ambi||tione p. zsijo;. facerdotum mos invaluerat, vt cum illi pronunciaflent, expedire populo Regem e vita excedere ob gentis falutem, cogerentur Reges vitam finire, quod ni fponte feciftent, tanquam a deo nunciatum quod facerdotes mentiebantur, populus turpiter eos occidebat : mofq^ hie perfeveravit ufq^ ad Erganem Regem, qui illorum cognito dolo, omnes facerdotes delevit, vt ab hoc commento tutus eflet. Nonne Danielis hiftoria refert Babilonias Regem a facerdotibus turpiter efte delufum ? quos omnes ille ob hoc interfecerit. Igitur prsefcribenda illis licentia. So Cardan, and I believe there be few men whoe vnderftand Latin that cannot out of their owne reading prefently paralell the Papifticall priefthoods infolencie with any higthe yeither of ^Ethiopian ^Egyptian or Babilonian impofture. in Cardan de varietate reru for an amends they give out y' Saint Fiacre had made all his bowclls rott in him, for fpoiling one of his churches. But verilye I believe if y*" matter be well vnderftood, their poifon hath made awaye not onely him but y*" greateft number of our Englifh princes, of which more lardgely in another place. [The above is in James's handwriting.] A A 178 OBSERVATIONS rPPON HOCCLEVE. p. 18(30). 39. 'Two lightes.' — This is a fonde argument taken out of the Papall canon law. Tis true there are two offices in goverment, one temporall and another fpirituall. But are not princes and Magistrates temporall as well to confider what belongs to their fpiritualite as the priefts whoe muft haue all in what ever they doe heere, bothe fcripture and reafon for their guide, I am fure the divine Plato feing in his time the infinite impoftures of priefts makes the earneft confideration of fuch things neceflarie for everie civill man. And I will like the Spaniard Puente in his great book of the two monarchies, whoe allthough he allowes the fimihtude of the funne and moone, yet takes care that the moone of Spaine (hould have greater domi- nation then the funne of Roome ; and Campanella in his directions for the Spanifti monarchie is fo fearfuU of y^ Roman funs hinderance as if it were poffible he would haue had them forge a niew religion. O the prefumpfion of phantafticall Atheifticall ftatifts. Let theirfore fcripture and plaine reafon keepe vs in a moderation ever of true pietie.^ * ^ In the margin here is written in James's handwriting : — * The counterfett fonne of y^ fpiritualtie hath in all ages fo diftemperd the ftate of goverment as in Ireland manie princes anciently did allfo take vppon theml'elves epifcopall confecration, and it was fomme- times in the defigne of Maximilian to vnite the papacie vnto y^ empire |j. [fee pages 176/7, note ^] naye we may as in a glafle '■^fee the excellent fober condicion of y*^ Waldenfes in y*" reformation of Geneva which hath followed them neerely. and of y' fo Mounfieur Bodin in • In the MS. fee is inferted later. OBSERFATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. 179 47. ' JVhos wyf.'' — ^Vppon the primitive Chriftians p. 28(50). as we reade in Tertullian manie falf reproches were caft, fo fard it with the Waldenfcs and the Wicklevifts, but the truth was fo farre otherwife, as no forte of people fince y^ creation ever Hud more corre6l of manners, in fo much that when one hath made a catholouge of the former Waldenfians herefics and prodigious opinions, he concludes that he never faw any one that maintaind any fuch thing, or that in any inquifition was fo convicted." But for the papal behaviour in this pointe, we reade in Marquardus Sufanius the 9"' page of his book de ca^libatu facerdotum non abrogando ad pium 4. that although priefts marriadge be a diminution of pietie, and a reproche to the Church, his method of hyftorie. fed illud apud Genevates laudabile, fi quid vfpiam gentium, quodq, rempublicam effecit, fi non opibus et im- perij magnitudine, ceite virtiitibus ac pietate florentem : ilia T';' pon- tificum cenfura, qua nihil niajus ac divinius cogitaii potuit ad coer- cendas hominum cupiditates et ea vitia quae legibus humanis ac judicijs emendari nullo mode poffunt. Haec autcm coercio ad Xpi normam dirigitur, latenter primum et amice, deinde paulo aceibius ; tum nifi pareas, fequitur interdi6lio facrorum gravis et efficax ; inter- didtionem animadverfio magiftratuum. Ridiculum eft n- ait Seneca, ad legem bonum efte. Ita fit ut quae legibus nufquam vindicantur illic fine vi ac tumultu cocrceantur ab ijs cenloiibus, qui fuinmam virtutis opinionem de fe ipfi excitarunt. Igitur nulla meretricia, nullag ebrietates, nuUae faltationes, nulli mendici, nulli ociofi in ea civitate reperiuntur. ' As feems to have been firft written, and njppon : then as above. ' For the note belonging to this paffage fee the latter part of the longer note on pages 176/7. * Doubtful whetheryc/ory?/ (=rcilicet). i8o OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. p. 18 (30), yet may the pope in the plenitude of his power fuffer it, as he hath permitted that a brother might marrie his fifler, a neview his Aunte or a brother his brothers widowe, 1 (and if y^ new report be true, A father y^ Duke of Mantua his owne fonnes daughter.) and if Sannazarius fpeake truth Lucretia may be to pope Alexander y* fixt, filia fponfa nurus. If fomme Wicklevift peradventure might be in love with other mens wives, the papal priefts in reprehend- ing them forgett the beame in their owne eye. For cleerely ever fmce priefts marriadge hath in the church binne yeither defamd or forbidden, they ftill haue had p. 29(31). wa^BiaaKTCvi focarias concubi||nas, and thence haue had the Bifshops for fufferance no fmall reveniew: of this in another place, onely I will remember what fommetimes hath binne fong by I knowe not whome as I finde it regifterd in an ould Manufcript, where wee reade thus. I haue lived now fortie yeres And fatter men abowte the neres Yet faw I never then are theis Freres. Meteles fo megre are they made That eche one is an horfe lade. Were I a man that houfe helde If any woman with me dwelde There is no Frere but he were geld Shold come withinne my wones For may he till a woman winne In privite, he will not blinne ' In the MS. the feventeen words which are enclofed in round brackets are carefully erafed. OBSERFATIONS FPPON HOCCLEVE. i8i Or he a childe putt her withinne p. 29 (ji). And perchaunce two at once. Though he loure vnder his hode With lemblaunce quainte and milde If thou him truft or doe him good By God thou art bygylde.' || 49. * In forcible maneere.^ — For this matter if any guilt were in y* Wicklevifts, the papifts neede not blame any bodie much for infurrecStions which are fo frequent amongft themfelvs. But I conceive that "whofoever fhall reade our Worthy Foxe his monuments fhall finde the matter full otherwife, and that in zele of religion as did the primitive Chriftians the Wicklevifts as Waldenfis notes of them had their fecrett meetings bothe by daye and nighte. 50. ' Ageyn pilgrimages.^ — Of pilgrimages even to the holie land we maye reade no great commendations in Sain6l Jerom and Gregorie NyfTen : of others fee Eraf- mus his dialouges. and certeinly being well examind they will proove not much better then thofe of the heathens of which Juvenal. Ibit ad JEgy\>u finem calidacfj petitas A Meroe portabit aquas. ' In the margin here is written later, probably in James's hand- writing : — II. So alUb Palingenius in y*= V. book of his Zodiack. Sed tua prascipue non intret liinina quifquam Frater, vel monachus, vel quavis lege facerdos : Hos fugej peftis enim nulla hac immanior : hi funt faex hominum, fons ftultitiae, fentina maloru, Agnorum fub pelle lupi, mercede colentes Non pietate Deum, falfa fub imagine re6li i82 OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. p. 29(31). fee allfo Chaufers Canterburye tales thetherward and Lydgates in the returne. 'fee allfo y^ anfweare of S'' Jhon Oldcaftell himfelf in Bales brief cronicle of his martyrdome. 50. * Ageyn the making of images^ — To tell you of images worfhipping left out by the papifts aunciently in the ten commaundements left it ftiowld reprehende their folly is no niewes. But I will heere admonifti the reader to confider well, whether all the arguments made by Lac- tantius and other primitive Chriftian writers doe not as fully and efFe6lually prefle and overthrowe the fuperftition of the papifts, as of the ould Gentiles. ^3* 'Ageyn pojfejjions.' — For matter of pofteiTions in reafonable forte the Wickleviftes would not haue binne much off'ended, if the abufe of them, and in them had not binne fo infinite, of which all ftories and times make complainte ynough. Wherefore, as y*^ Templers were diflblvd in Edward the feconds time by pope Clement, and the Erles and Nobles of England ftiard their lands againe, which had binne given by their progenitors indif- cretion. So would y*^ Wicklevifts haue the fame donne vppon the monafteries, and at laft righte or wrong they felt the knocke of Harrie the eigth prophecied againft them by Piers Plowman, one that feemes to haue be- Decipiunt ftolidos, ac relligionis in vmbra, Mille aflus vetitos, et mille piacula condunt. Raptores, moechi, puerorum corruptores, luxuriae atq, gulae famuli : ' ' See allfo . . . martyrdome' Thefe words are later additions, in James's handwriting. OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. 183 held the ruine of the Templers. And in this part I will fay noe more than what Mathiew Paris hath related of Harrie y* third. Rex henricus tertius, faith he, magiftro hofpitalis Hierofolymitaniin domo de Clerekenwelle querulo de aliqua injuria, et oftendenti chartas Regum et fuam de prote6lione refpondit iratus voce elevata praevio magno juramento. Vos pr.tlati et relligiofi maxime tamen Tem- plarij et Hofpitalarij tot habetis libertates et chartas quod fuperfluas pofTefliones vos faciunt fuperbire et fuperbientes infanire. Revocanda funt igitur prudenter quae impru- denter funt concefla. Believe me in any thing that ever I read of this prince, he never fpake more fufficiently, but his a6lions were fo divers, that a Pope by his Bull com- maunds him to holde his hands from liberalitie to holie vfes, becaufe he did thence partely fo exhaufte himfelf as he was not able to paye the yeerely tribute vnto which the Pope had made England obnoxious by the injurie of his father king Jhon. What doe theis abjedt Monks talke of the ruining their demaincs, when of the glorious temple at Jcrufalem there is not left a flone uppon a ftone for the tranfgreflions of y*" Jewes, when age and difordre muft conclude the heavens. And they even from Sain6l Jeromes time are everie where in beft writers the calamitie of the Chriftian world. But they might faye fomme haue binne reformd. No not poflibly, for their whole frame of life after they became cenobiticall was yeither vnufefull, or wicked of neceflitie in the moile, whoe never did, never will, or ever may kcepe chaltitie, povertie, and obedience againft the more vrgent rules of nature and civilitie. They 184- OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEFE. indeede pretended to followe Chrifte neerely, but the whole rabblement of clergie that purfued with fire and fword the Noble valiant Oldcaftell and manye other well deferving Wicklevifts followed Chrifte fo farre of, as that our former poete Gower could finde no fimilitude betwixt the Maifter and difciples, when he enters thus into com- parifon : — Inter praelatos dum Xpl quaero fequaces Regula nulla manet qus prius efle Iblet. Xps erat pauper, illi cumulantur in auro, Hie pacem dederat hij modo bella movent. Chriftus erat largus, hij funt velut area tenaees Hunc labor invafit, hos fovet auda quies. Chriftus erat mitis, hij funt tamen impetuofi. Hie humilis fubijt, hi fupereffe volunt. Chriftus erat miferans, hi vindiflamq; fequntur, Suftulit hie poenas hos timer inde fugat. Chriftus erat Virgo, funt illi raro pudiei Hie bonus eft paftor, hi fed ovile vorant. Chriftus erat verax, hi blandaq, verba requirunt, Chriftus erat juftus, hi nifi velle vident. Chriftus erat eonftans, hi vento mobiliores Obftitit ipfe malis, hi magis ilia finunt. Hi pleno ftomacho laudant jejunia Chrifti. Chriftus aquam petijt, hi bona vina bibunt. Et quotquot poterit mens efcas praemeditari Lautas pro ftomacho dant renovare fuo. Efca placens ventri fic eft et venter ad efcas Ut Venus a latere ftet bene junfta gulas. Refpuit in monte fibi Chriftus fingula regna His nifi mundana gloria fola placet. Creverunt et opes et opum furiofa cupido, Et ciim poflideant plurima plura petunt OBSERFAriONS rpPON HOCCLEFE. 185 Sufficit his fola fiftae pietatis in vmbra, Dicant pompofi quod pius ordo Dei. Pro fidei mentis praslati tot patiuntur Unde viros fanilos nos reputamus cos. Theife laft verfes of Gower expreffe a manner of the clergie in all delicacie of life vfinge to lament themfelves of fufFerance for Chrifte. Of this manner Giraldus Cam- brenis allfo doth fommewhere make fportefuU mention, and fo vppon a fat priour Clement Marrot hath given vs this epigramme. Un gros prieur fon petit filz baifoit Et mignardoit au matin en fa couche : Tandis rotir fa perdrix on faifoit Se leve, crache, efmeutit, et fe mouchej La perdrix vire : au fel de broque en bouche La devora, bien fcavolt la fcience Puis quand il eut prins fur fa confcience Broc de vin blanc, du meilleur qu' on elife Mon dieu, dit il, donne moy patience Qu' on ha de maux pour fervir fainte Eglife. Such ever were and of neceflitie vi^ere the manners and condicions of monafteries : magnum nomen ei gratia nulla rei, is aunciently fpoken of Clarevalle and is true of all. So that I never can haue pittie of their ruine in Harrie the 8"' his time. With v^^hat minde fo ever they fett vppon that buifnefle, quo turpior manus eo melior vindi6ta is well fpoken as well of the monafteries as the confpiracie of the Pope and Cardinalls. Theis monafteries were an ould offence as well of the Bifshops &: parochiall Clergie, as the Gentrie and Laietie of our land, and if Harrie the eigth as he robd the thief had reftored to the true men the goods B B i86 OBSERVATIONS FPPON HOCCLEVE. and lands which they had ftolen, I meane as well the impropriations to the clergie as the lands vnto the Nobles and Gentrie, his worcke had binne heroique and juft and religious. And heere I muft not forgett to doe Wicklife right againft ye calumnie of miftaking ignorance. Somme fay that as he was an enemie of monafteries, fo allfo of our Colledges in the Vniverfitie, whereas the matter is wholly otherwife ; The Colledges againft which he often declames, were the feminaries heere of Moncks and Friars, of whome he writes plainly in his printed prolouge of y^ Bible, otherwife for our plaine univerfitie focieties fo great love was betwixt Wickleve and them, as when order came from y*^ Pope for fupprefling him and his doilrine, they had it in confultation, whether they fliould not difhonour the inftrument by which that buifnefle was commaunded, and Wicklif in his countrey homilies touching vppon fomme harder pointes fayes that theis things ought to be difputed in the learned Schoole of Oxenford. No lett not our Colledges feare that the ruine of monafteries any thing concernes them, but lett vs take care that we everie way flie their exemple of lazie ignorance, luxurie and difcord. And heere I ftiall end theis notes with the memorie of S' . Jhon Oldcaftells death thus reported by a malignant hyftorian neere y*^ time. An. v". Henr. V., was S' Jhon Oldcaftell ycalled y*^ Lord Cobham take[n] in y*^ marche of Wallys and broughte to y*^ citie of London, y*^ which was chieff^Lord and meyntenour of alle y'' Lollardes in this realme, and evere aboute to diftroye to his power holy chirchc. And therfore he was firft ydrawed and after- OBSERVATIONS VPPON HOCCLEFE. 187 ward yhonged and brent hanginge on y* newe galowes byfyde Seint Gyles with an yren cheyne aboute his necke bycaufe that he was a Lord of name, and (o there he made an ende of his curfedde lyfe. And lett y* reader knowe y* befides y** memories of this valiant Gentleman in Foxe, Tyndall allfo and Bale haue in feverall books fett forth y'' whole procefTe of his martyrdommc. * Memories of si" Jhon Oldcaftell p. ji (34). which I receivd from y^ courtefie of M"" Tho : Philpott herald. * Peter oldcaftell of y*" ould caftle within y^ Countye of Herreford efquyer. ab eo John, ab eo Jhon, ab eo Richard knyght, ab eo Johannes nofter. he had 3 wyues, and ifTue by two of them. 'v*^'. by his firft two fonnes and two daughters, by the fecond, none : by his third a daughter onely. From one Harpole a faithfuU fervant and fteward to this S"". Ihon Oldcaftell is defcended one S'. William Harpole that lives in Ireland. Vppon a graueftone in y*" middle of y" great chancell in Afhchurch neere Sandwich in Kent is y" figure of Roger Clyderow and his wife daughter of s"" Jhon Oldcaftell infculped in braflc and this infcripfion. Hie jacet Rogerus clyderowe armiger et vxor ejus ' i.e. 'videlicet. i88 OBSERVAriONS VPPON HOCCLEFE. filia Johannis Ouldcaftell militis. There is allfo a verie faire monument for s"". John Oldcaftell in y^ faid church of Afh. S'". Thomas oldecaftell vncle to s^ Jhon was twice flirieve of Herefordfliire in y^. lo. and. 15. yeere of Richard y^ fecond. and s"" Jhon himfelf was fhrieve in 7". Henrici quarti. IV. OF SHAKESPEARE. 1632. NOTE. Of this — in parts — great Poem, fee our Introduflion. It is given ^verbatim from the famous folio of 1632. Therein it comes after Ben Jonfon's. — C. On Worthy Majler Shake- fpeare and his Poems. A Mind rejie£iing ages pajl, whofe cleere And equcill furface can make things appeare Dijiant a Thoufand yeares, and reprefent Them in their lively colours juji extent. To out run hajly time, retrive the fates, Rowle backe the heavens, blow ope the iron gates Of death and Lethe, where (confufed) lye Great heapes of ruinous mortalitie. In that deepe dujkie dungeon to difcerne A royall Ghoji from Churles ; By art to learne The Phyfiognomie of Jhades, and give Them fuddaine birth, wondring how oft they live. What for y coldly tells, what Poets faine At fecond hand, and piSiure without braine Senfeleffe and fouleleJJ'e Jhowes. To give a Stage {Ample and true with life) voyce, a£iion, age. 192 ON WORTHY MASTER SHAKESPEARE As Plato's yeare and new Scene of the world Them unto us, or us to the?n had hurld. To raife our auncient Soveraignes from their herfe Make Kings his fubjeSis, by exchanging verfe Enlive their pale trunkes, that the prefent age loyes in their joy, and trembles at their rage : Yet fo to temper pajfion, that our eares Take pleafure in their paine ; Jnd eyes in teares Both weepe and fnile ; fearefull at plots fo fad. Then laughing at our fear e ; abuf'd, and glad To be abufd, affected with that truth Which we perceive is falfe ; pleafd in that ruth At which we fiart ; and by elaborate play Torturd and tickled ; by a crab like way Time paf made pajli?ne, and in ugly fort Difgorging up his ravaine for our fport While the Plebeian Impe from lofty throne, Creates and rules a world, and workes upon Mankind by fecret engines ; Now to move A chilling pitty, then a rigorous love : Tofirike up and froake downe, both joy and ire ; To fleer e tl/ affeSiions ; and by heavenly fire Mould us anew. Stolne from our f elves This and ynuch more which cannot bee expreft. But by himfielfe, his tongue and his owne breft. Was Shakefpearesyr^^/;(jW, which his cunning braine hnprov d by favour of the nine fold traine. The bujkind Mufe, the Convnick ^ueene, the graund And lowder tone of Clio ; nimble hand. AND HIS POEMS. 193 And nimbler foot e of the melodious paire, Tlie Silver voyced Lady ; the mojl faire Calliope, whofe [peaking filence daunts. And Jhe ivhofe prayfe the heavenly body chants. Thefe joyntly woo'd him, envying one another [Obeyed by all as Spoufe, but lovd as brother) And wrought a curious robe of fable grave Frejh greene, and plea f ant yellow, red moji brave, And conjlant blew, rich purple, guiltlejfe white The lowly Rujfet, and the Scarlet bright ; Branch' t and embroydred like the painted Spring Each leafe match' t with a fower, and each Jhing Of golden wire, each line offilke ; there run Italian workes whofe thred the Sijlers fpun ; And there did fing, or feeme to fing, the choyce Birdes of a f or rain e note and various voyce. Here hangs a mojjey rocke ; there playes a faire But chiding fountaine purled : Not the ayre Nor cloudes nor thunder, but were living drawne Not out of common Tiffany or Lawne. But fine materialls, which the Mufes know And onely know the countries where they grow. Now when they could no longer him enjoy In mortall garments pent ; death may dejlroy They fay his body, but his verfe Jhall live And more then nature takes, our hands Jhall give. In a leffe volume, but more Jlrongly bound Shdke(peavc fi}a II breath and fpeake, with Laurell crown d cc 194 ON IVORTHT MASTER SHAKESPEARE. TVhich never fades. Fed with Ambrofian meate In a well-lyned vejiure rich and mate. So with this robe they cloath him, bid hi?n weare it For time Jh all never Jlaine, nor envy teare it. The friendly admirer of his Endowments. I. M. S. V. OF FELTON AND BUCKINGHAM. NOTE. In the *' Annales" of Scotland of Sir James Balfour (Works, 4 vols. 8vo. 1825 : vol. ii. pp. 174/5) there is the following notice of the prefent poem on Felton : — " [Thurfday 27 of November 1628] At this tyme, one Mr. James, ane attender one S'' Robert Cotton, a grate louer of his countrey, and a hatter of all fuche as he fuppofed enimies to the fame, was called in queftion for wretting fome lynes, wich he named a ftatue to the memory of that vorthy patriot S. Johne Feltone." He inferts the 'lynnes;' but his fpelling is odd and inaccurate. I prefer the Sloane MS. as given by Fairholt. See Intro- du6lion on this nervous and noticeable poem. — G. FELTON COMMENDED, ETC. MMORTALL man of glorie, whofe brave hand Hath once begun to difinchaunt our land From magique thraldome. One proud man did mate The nobles, gentles, commons of our ftate ; Struck peace and warr at pleafure, hurl'd downe all That to his idoll greatnes would not fall. With groveling adoration ; facred rent Of Brittaine, Saxon, Norman princes ; fpent Hee on his pandors, minions, pimpes, and w^hores, Whilft their great royall offspring wanted dores To fhut out hunger, had not the kinde whelpe Of good Eliza's lyon gave them helpe ; The feats of juftice forc'd to fay, they lye, Vnto our auntient Englifh libertie. The ftaine of honour, which to deedes of praife And high atchevements (hould braue fpiritts raifc. FELTON COMMENDED, ETC. The fhipps, the men, the money caft away, Under his onely all- con founding fway. Illiads of griefe, on toppe of which hee bore Himfelfe triumphant, neither trayned in lore Of artes nor armes ; yet in a hautie vaft Debordment of ambition, now in hafte, The cunning Houndhurft ' muft tranfported bee. To make him the reftorer Mercurie In an heroick painting, when before Antwerpian Rubens' beft fkill made him foare, Ravifh't by heavenly powers, vnto the fkie. Opening and ready him to deifie In a bright blisfull pallace, fayrie ile. Naught but illufion were wee, 'till this guile Was by thy hand cut off, ftout Machabee ; Nor they, nor Rome, nor did Greece euer fee A greater glorie. To the neighbour flood Then fmke all fables of old Brute and Ludd, And give thy ftatues place ; in fpight of charme Of witch or wizard, thy moft mightie arme, 1 Gerard Honthorft, a famous Dutch painter, had inftru6ted the Queen of Bohemia in painting, and was invited by her brother. King Charles I., to England, where he became celebrated for emblematic pidures. He painted the ftaircafe at Hampton Court, and reprefented Charles and his Queen feated in the clouds, as Apollo and Diana; the Duke of Buckingham, as Mercury, introducing the Arts and Sciences to their notice. D'Ifraeli, in his " Curiofities of Literature," mentions another allegorical pifture of the Duke, which appears to rival the above in bad tafte. — F. FELTON COMMENDED, ETC. 199 With zeale and juftice arm'd, hath in truth wonne The prize of patriott to a Brittifh fonne. [Sloane MS. 603 : Fairholt, pp. 69-70. Poems and Songs relating to George Villiers Duke of Buckingham ; and his Aflaflination by John Felton, Auguft 23, 1628. Edited with an Introdu6lion and Notes by F. W. Fair- holt, F. S. A. 1850 (Percy Society). I muft add, that I fearched in vain in Sloane MS, 603 for the Poem. The number muft be wrong. — G.] VI. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS FROM JAMES MS. No. 35 IN THE BODLEIAN LIBRARY. D D NOTE. In the James MS. (No. 35) pages 3 and 4 have been mifplaced and put at the end. They complete the opening poem, and hence ought to have followed page 2. Of thefe Poems, fee our Introduftion. The order of the MS. (fave as above) is followed throughout. Mr. Corfer quoted from this MS. A collation has correfted fome mif- readings, &c. &c.— G. AN APOLOGIE FOR A LOOKING GLASSE BY APULEIUS AGAINST ONE ^MILIAN. lUPPOSE I haue a glafle to view my face To fee each commelye lineament and grace Within that parte which Nature did vpreare To view y" face of heauen and to beare The ftampe of manhood. Certes tis no crime, A {lately image in a cryftaline. Or there within a prettie daintie elf Exprefling y'^ fymmetrie of my felf, Which I loue beft as parents doe loue beft The childe that beft refembles boue y* reft. And beft we loue thofe ftatues which we fee Eredled to owne worth and chivalrie By thanckfuU citizens. Or doe you pleafe To fee a labourd ftone effigies And fcorne y^ gift of nature which doth playe Our felves vnto our felves in fhining daye. 204 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Much labour, weekes and monthes and yeeres are fpent To make a marble with fhoare fand relent Into our fafshion, and through all partes rize, Shape and conforme it felf to humane guize : At length by Skillfull arte, with members hue Able to couzen a rafh gazer's view. Yet in a looking-glafTe alone we haue The life of motion where piilures braue Are onely not their mafters, to relate Befides y*" bodies likenefle, gefture, gate. Were they fo lardgely hollowe as to give An Eccho, fure then would y^ pidlure live. The progrefle of our age and chainge, and all It tells from cradle to y'' funerall. It laughes to fee y*" bodie will by turnes Rejoice it felf, and when that cries this mournes. BralTe, virgin waxe, earth's choifeft, marble fine Scarce are of likeneffe, this alone divine Of imitation. Men before their pafTe Are made by fpiritts in a looking-glafs. The ftatue and y" table allwayes one Are carcafTes for pi61:ure to reflexion. Lacedemonian Agefilaus Of fidlure and pi61:ure was fcrupulous, Becaufe he was diftruftfuU of his fhape. Perchance dog-fnowted or like vrchin ape. But if befides we will with all y*" maine An vniverfall cuftome ftill retaine Of imagerye, and ftill be pleafed to fee POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 205 Well reprefented phyfiognomie. Why fhowld you chufe good Sir iEmelian Rather to fee y* pourtrai6t of a man In ftone then chriftall chac'd in filvern fphere. An Enchiridiall glaffe your felf to beare. Tis not difhoneft, Socrates y'' wife Did of his fchollers as they fay advize There to behould their perfonage, if faire, Pittie themfelves fhould not be debonnaire. To flaine a proper beautie, and with bafe Soiling behaviour looze nature's grace. Thofe whome y^ glaffe did not congratulate With dele6lable countenance and ftate Of vifadge, fhould by induftrie vnrude And vertue's fplendour, nature's turpitude. So did the fage philofopher deffine A glafs for manners fitting difcipline. And if thou haft heard of Demofthenes, Before a glafs he firft did ad his pleas. To learne a decent gefture. Then at bar, At will y*^ thunder of his voice made war. And when he would to peace with mileder frame He luld the fenate and y* people tame : Great oratour, from Plato eloquent. From Logique Eubule quick of argument. A glafs was onely Maifter of his voice, The complement of all. I praife his choice. If Lawyers vfe a loolcing-glafs to make Their voice with poftures and with geftures take 2o6 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. The eares of learned people, while they chide A cafe of batterie on the plaintife fide. Or doe dire6l y* auncient terriers, where The boundes and bancks of neighbour lands apeere. Shall not y* juft philofopher conceive A fafshion of himfelf forehand with leave. Afke cenfure of y^ glafle before he goe Into his pue, to lett y* Ruffian knowe His loofenefle, make y^ griping vfurer Caft up to orphants and y* widdouer His gorge of ill gott coyne, and when he doth The ftate of good and evill tender forth. And not for this alone a glafs muft be Within ye ftudie of philofophie. The hidden fecrets there of profpedlive, Of fhadowes and of fhapes fhe muft retrive. Manie offings of our felves with image pure Doe flowe on everie fide, faith Epicure, And ftriking quick vppon fomme folid plaine. And bright, vnto our eyes returne againe. Plato, Architas and ye Stoicks will Make vp this vifion with a divers fkill. Of this and that and many other fhowe Philofophers muft ftill enquire and knowe By often fpeculation. Why y'' glafle That levell is, an equall piilure has Vnto ye bodie ! why y^ ovall lefie The concave larger is of propernefle ! How tis y' in a glafle ye pourtraidls, walke. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 207 Turne fides from left to right while neighbours talke ? Walke in when they walke forwards, and do meete At their returning as it were to greete ? The burning glafle beate on with fcorching beame Strikes back vppon an hoaft a flaming ftreame. The heavens are glaffes, when they doe reflecSl Two funs, a rainebowe various of afpecSt. Manie fuch things ye learned Archimede Of Siracufa hath difcovered In lardge and fubtile treatife : noble fonne Of Euclide, in earth's mete proportion. Yet of no praife more noble then becaufe On looking-glafTe he oft made curious paufe. Whofe look if thou couldft fcanne, ignoble fwaine, Quick wouldft thou leave thy furrowes and y^ plaine To fet ye furrowes of thy face, departe, And with like rugged furrowes plowe thy heart. Defpaire and envie ftaye ye y' dar'ft fhend, A man did neuer thy fheepe coate offend. A TRANSLATION OF LUCRETIUS OR RiTTERHUSIUS IN HIS Notes upon Isidore Pelusiota. * * * A world of wonder 'tis and argument God to fhewe forth all-wife and provident. When y* creation and whole world of men Hath not two all alike of vifadge ; when His livelie hand with curious arte and grace 2o8 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Hath runne fuch defcant on each mortall face ; Never y^ fame, allthough fomme paires there be Agreeing much in phyfiognomie ; To whome a man y* careful! is to greete. May well mifplace his morning in y*^ flreete. Yet followe home, and eafily we learne To varie our acquaintance, and difcerne Twins different of chara6ter, and none Fully to render their complexion ; Not if on Pegafus we fought a birth Through all y" nations of y'' teeming earth. Graie eyes, black eyes haue many, manywife ; Nofes are flat or like in longer fize. Yet more or leffe in look and feature ftill. We fhall except fommething not paralell. The various looks and formes of men are even So many as y" fands or ftars of heaven. Nor may you deeme y^ frames of wits and minde To be leffe forted in a divers kinde. Be better heere enformd by truth's defence, Miflris of reafon, fure experience. So manye men, fo manye pleafures, and So manye vowes, wills, judgment, underftand. That which is beautifull and gives delight To one, is ugly in another's fight. If by men and nations we deeme vice And vertue, furely bothe are but device. Or if I grant it hardely that there be Manie of like affedtion, in degree POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 209 And manner ftill they varie ; ardent one, Another calmer, and a third foone gonne From all his purpos ; uppon which a fourth Stayes longer to enjoye and reape y* worth. Manie pleafe to be chafte, but not alike ; Virginitie to him is angelique, The life of heav'nly foules, where till he goe He ftraines their purer exercife belowe. Another, chafte in mariadge, and defire To be of hopefull children aged fire; That vnto them he may, good man and kinde. Leave fparks and flame of pietie behinde. Another, not to be vnchafte, againe Will marrie though it be his lofle and paine ; Though in a former marriadge he hath Triede ftormes more hurling then grimme Neptune's wrath. All jufte men are not in one manner jufte Nor mercifull, nor wife, nor prudent jufte Alike, nor valiant ; and more or lefle, Men that be fober doe themfelves addrefle In pleafures. Somme do rownd for honours trie. As if in them did all true bleflings lye ; Whilft others farre from waves of civill ftrife Unto a meaner ftate compofe their life. They others knowe, love courts and concurfe, theis Onely to knowe themfelvs, and kindely pleafe A fiew difcerning friends, whoe are content With natures eafie and harmeles merriment ; Knowing full well y* all is vaine and rude E E POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Amongft y^ vulgar foule, and multitude Of vncolle61:ed men ; where they gett naught But fad repentance, or a troubled thought. And as in vertue's harmonie, y^ ftore Of difcords are in vicioufnefTe farre more. Manie their Hvers heated haue with lufte. But not ahke fo tainted and vnjufte And vilde in their offence ; theis kindely warme And coole againe within a maiden arme. One, in her netts is toild, whofe ramping hands Hath riven all y^ truft of marriadge bands. Another, in fuch monftrous lufte doth breake, As modeft nature blufsheth ere to fpeake. This man is bould againft all daingers ; he Feares his own fliadowe, and each waving tree. He partes a figg, rich onely to his heyre, Poore to himfelf, and in all plentie bare Of all things ; whileft another fpends with might The well gott ftate, inheritance, and right Of manye aunceftors ; as if he did Hate his owne riches, and made hafte to bid The firft adieu to fortune. Somme haue eafe In flatterie, with fervile words to pleafe. Another, knottie man, two Catoes fterne, Will not for any converfation turne His ftubborne courfe. Another, feedes his eyes On torments, bleeding wounds, and cruelties. And fomme fo fainte there be, whoe fcarce can heare Or reade y*" tale of Troye withoutte a teare. POEMS AND TRANSLAriONS. The fwollen fownding rage of anger doth Brealce manye narrow breads with fpight, vncooth. And hot, and fierce, and ragefull turbulent By reafon of y*" fierie element. When other airie fpiritts like cold deere Tremble each gutt and joynte with quaking feare. Somme make their idol plcafures, honours he, Another riches, to which all things be Of purchas, and before whofe feete fall downe Both rev'rend mitre and y*^ ftately crowne ; Riches y^ price of vertue, though fome ftrainge Hier afpiring mindes will fcorne y^ chainge. Somme pine with envie, others weene to chefte Eternall hatred in a mortall breft. Somme loue to drowne y'' daye in liquid feaftes, Somme loue y^ theatre, where men like beaftes Mangle each others flefh. Somme loue to heere The noife of inftruments and voyces cleere. Somme dote on pictures, fomme on ftatues ould, Somme are too tender fronted, fomme to[o] bould ; Strong brazen faces, on which modeflie Dar'd never fpread a blufshing virgin die. One for experience like Vlifles ftrayes, With much defire to learne and fee what rayes Warme forreyne lands, and them he loues to praife Aboue his native foyle, for happie dayes And pleafauntnelTe of Hfe ; as if his fare Were on y* daintye lotos everie where. Another, better joyd in home doth call POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Where he firft breathd, to yeeld up life at laft ; To breathe no other ayre, to ftaye and dwell Like lazie cockell in one lurking fhell. One robs y* high wayes, one to citties grief Robs more with biting vfurie, worfe thief. One onely breaths and dreames of onflaughts, one The fiUie butcherd fheppe doth much bemone ; So cruell is y*^ one, fo milde y'^ other, Bellona him enrages gainft his brother, Adds fire and fwoard vnto his furious arme. And with y'" thundring canon ftrikes alarme. At which y^ milder prince commes in to give His countrey's treafure and owne ftate to Hve Free from y" ftorme of war in peace, which is To him, y'^ bell: of things, and onely bliffe Of life ; for peace he prayes, peace to procure ; Gould is no valued fubftance, nor fo pure. And all his labours doe invite to peace. When foule contention him deprives of eafe. One, allwayes mournes to fee our miferie, Another, allwayes laughs at vanitie. Neither can any learning polifti fo Two divers natures, but they ever fhewe Their elementall qualities ; one will Be fooner angrie, and another ftill More flowe with feare ; a third, exceeding bafe. Or verie meeke, will fuffer all difgrace. Neceffitie is on it y' there fhould Be fhapes and manners of fo divers mould. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 213 Tis providence of which I not entend To afke y*" fecrett, and my verfes end For wante of names ; which none may ever finde So manye as are natures in their kinde. A Defence of Red Haire againft a Poeme apologeticall for a Virginne whoe was proper of all things but a pale pock fretten face. Lett her be curded white, or as y^ moone In th' earth's divorce left of y'^ bridegroome funne. Or were fhe fleeke and white as yvorie poftes And alablafter praifd in toombes of ghoftes. Be fhe a white More, and let whiteneffe be Beautie with vs as blacke in Barbarie. And let no foile of blufh feeme to commend Againe her modeft whoe did nere offend. Let's laugh y^ lover whoe in phanfie feekes Red cherrie ripe red lips and rofie cheekes. All precioufneffe in feature, can belie More then a fparkling dimond in each eye, A fweete ftinking wanton pigmie girle T' haue bends of ebonye, cleere teeth of perlc, A fun-beame-pafling fmile, and if fhe whine, Faint loue fees everie teare for cryflaline. Let goe thes, weening praife, and lively fay 214 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. What God hath made her for a creature, fay Her thighes, knees, legs and feete are fuch as might Haue flood a Roman LucrefTe in defpight Of Tarquin's rampant lufte, fay y* her wafte Well feeles and fills not rudely when embrac'd, Say her fides commely rifing vp to fpred Vnblemifht fhowlders, armes and hands well fed With veines and grafping finews, fay her necke Not drownd in fhortnefiTe nor of length a checke Vnto proportion, fuch as fhe maye wreath To and agen and round, and after breath A kifle more flagrant. Be her face to blefTe, Mand by a beard, a fonne with propernefi^e j Be fhe as y* white rofe new fpred ; but fhame It is in praifing her to violate y'' fame Of red haird men ; y* colour doth not flaine Or marke an Englifh head vnto difdaigne. Be it difdaignfull and a monftrous hue Amongft ye rofled melancholic crue Of Mores and Spaniards ; let ye Italians faine All the ill-naturd phanfies of their braine ; Believe our flefh is mummie, and a flood Of madcap wilefire ifiTues from our blood. For fo this prettie florie one while went From a graue prelat to three Nuns of Trent. RofTo mal pelo fay th' Italian maid And wife vnwillingly becaufe afraid Leaft ye more louely pleafing colourd boye Should make a hufband jelous of his joye. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 215 So for y*" memorie of Ofiris flaine By ruddie Typhon may Egyptians faine luftice in facrifice of ftraingers, when They but revendge their rufte as fairer men. But on an Englifh browe, a goulden trefle Is herald to upprightnefle, couradge, valiantnefTe, To truftie fecrett, whence on Trente and Twede Tis proverb. To a red man rede thy rede. By colour we derive theife vertues, Danes Saxons and Normans colour in our veines ; A progenie, which no black Countrie's fate Shall ever finde or proove degenerate. If fhe be proper white and commelye, rather Marie y*^' white rofe and y*" red together, And from their beds let fpring and florifh braue, A race of Captaines to ftand vp and faue Our countries honour j if y'' monarch thought Of y*^ Caftilian, fhall againe dare aught Vppon our fhoares, w' haue Amazons to breed Niew names for vi6lorie and war in fteed Of y** ftoute Norrice, Raleigh, Grindfield, Drake, Whofe ghoafl:es or actions if they once awake Our reflie peace, praifc her in moft true rimes. Fit breeding mother to fuch manly times. And I in y*" Orient luftre of a head, Valiew my felf no Spaniard, for his redd. * * * 2i6 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. To Mr. Anthonye White, whoe had made an Elegye on my supposed Death in Rusland. Those piteous rimes, in which you did lament My death's reporte, with courteous intent, I much defire to fee, and with theife fiew Suddaine vnmeafurd lines requeft a view. 'Tis kindely now to tell your friend he muft Hide all his thoughts and purpofes in dufte; Dufte, element of Nature, where ev'rie thing At laft is nothing more, nor prince nor king : Imaginations ceafe, in which I Am fometimes greater than a Sultanie To froUicke with my friends, or but to tell By a great refufall, that not all is well With men of greateft ftate. O how I dreame To fhewe you that I live, and beg a theme Of death, whofe teeth I muft fommetimes abide. With all y*^ fequele and encreafing tide Of men ; whofe joints and bones although (he crufh. She well digefts our cares, and therefore hufh With filent mirth and confidence, I made Hafte to y^ portail of her grumbling fhade ; Yet turnd againe, when on y*^ doares I red My dayes of life were not yet perfited. Well could I pleafe to die ; but never pleafe Long at thofe doares ftaye courting grim difeafe. Death's porter ; no where could I fpie POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 217 The day and houre of my mortalitie. Friendly be heere my watchman with y* verfe Which fliould haue binne fumme honour to my herfe, That in difprize of death a quick defire May keepe my foule ftill readie to afpire. A funerall meditation on Richard Windfore : a gentle condiciond man, whoe found his death where he fought peace. Heere refts his dufte whoe came to finde Or feeke out peace in living kinde. But feeke where euer, none fhall haue Peace till our duft be rakt in graue. Our bodie duft and foule turnd ghoaft Make peace, who ever rules y*' roaft. The rich Lord heere may not difdaigne A poore and fiUye trembling fwaine. The guiltie man feares not y'" Judge Nor doth neede make y*" ould wife trudge. The oppreflbr's voice heere foundeth not, Nor the thundring canon ftiott Can make y'" dcath-enchaunted head Starte from y^ filence of his bed. Heere lye ftill and fleep at refte F F 2i8 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. All poore, with thofe were of ye befte. With Kings and princes, whoe did frame Eternall manfions to their name. With Counfellors and manie more Whoe had of gould and filver ftore. Briefly to fpeake ye perfitt blifle. Which in y" lowlie dufte fownd is, Befides a fraunchize from all feares And joyes difTolving into teares. The three profefTors are not wood Heere to moleft our triple good. Heere where my friend fought not, he fownde Peace at San6luarie vnder grownde. In life of peace we treate and tell. Peace in y'^ dufte doth onely dwell, Vntill y** Lord of peace againe Commes riding on y'^ clowdes amaine, And fhall with trumpett's flourifli, raife Our bodies to our foules, to praife His holye name with blisfull quire Of Angells burning in defire To crie aloude and cheerfull fmge Vnto y*^ triumph of their King ; This dittie which fhall neuer ceafe Holie, holie, holie Prince of peace. * * * POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 219 To Captaine Jhon Smith on y'' edition of his owne life. Deere Noble Captaine, whoe by fea and land To a6le y'' earneft of thy name haft hand And heart ; who canft with fkill defigne ye forte, The leaguer harbor, cittie, fliore and porte ; Whofe fwoard and penne in bould ruff Martiall wife Putt forth to trie and beare away y'' prize From Cefar and Blaize Montuc ; can it be That men alone in Gonnells fortune fee Thy worth advancd : no wonder, fmce our age Is now at lardge a bedlem or a ftaige. * The Dedication of a Sermon to Mr Selden. * * * Goe little book and kindely faye Peace and content of night and daye Vnto my noble Selden. Greete His gentle hands, his knees, his feete, In fuch faire manner, as not he Deeme any fainednefle in me. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Say that thy Maifter oft doth blefle For his kinde loue God's holinefle. And leaft thow hindrance be to ought That buifes his heroique thought ; - Say not much more, nor wifh replie j But like y* fillie larke in fkie. When ended is his cheerfull laye, Warble Adieu, and fall awaye. To Mr. I. S. Deere Noble friend, I in y'' Cittie heare Mongft other journall hiftories how neare You were to death, when airing on y'' top Of ledds, your long emprifonment, did droppe A barbed fliaft, at which by malice fhott Or foolifh medlye chance you flarted not. Nor I at y'^ relation, fince I knowe Death's not your feare, which we to Nature owe. EreiSt juft mindes all fervile feare aparte Secluded, their true courfe with conftant heart Purfue, if others from themfelus to flie Nor clowds more arrowes drop, yet men muft die. POEMS AND rRANSLATlONS. To M". Benj : Jhonson on his Staple of Niews FIRST PRESENTED. * Sir, if my robe and garbe were richly worth The dainger of a ftatute comming forth, Were I or man of law or law maker. Or man of Courte to be an vndertaker ; For judgement would I then comme in and fay The manye honours of your ftaple play : But being nothing fo, 1 dare not haile The mightie floates of ignorance, whoe faile With winde and tide j their Sires, as ftories tell. In our eigth Harries time crownd Skeltons Nell, And y^ foule Bofs of JVh'ittington with greene Bayes, which on living frontes are rarelye feene ; Soone fprung, foone fading ; but deferving verfe, Muft take more lafUng glorie from y** herfe j When vulgars loofe their fight, and facred peeres Of poetrie confpire to make your yeeres Of memorie eternall, then you fhalbe read By all our race of Thefpians, board and bed ; And banck and boure, vallie and mountaine will Rejoice to knowe fommc pieces of your fkill ; Your rich Mofaique workes, inled by arte And curious induftrie with everie parte And choice of all y"' Auncients. — So I write, Though for your fake I dare not fay and fighte. * * 222 POEMS AND rRANSLATIONS. An Execration on Marie of Colmogorod in whofe houfe I fliould haue binne lodged if my man had not tould me y* condicion of ye place. * * * A JAILORS wife and bawd and witch and hoare, A legion of foule divells ftorme thy doare. For he whoe enters there to fporte or refte, Is hoares, bawdes, divells, witches, jaylors guefte. If I wronge nature, turne parafite, or offend The well growne creditt of my bofomme friend ; Then all theife names take perfon, and make me Runne mad familiar to fuch companie. Till then good Genius faue me, that no fpell Intice my loofeneffe to that fmck of hell. Shee turnes no currents nor makes Phebe faire With ftaine and bluddie femblance fright y** aire. But y" poore caitife maid, whoe with her fmne Makes vp y'' rent of fo inceftuous Inne. Her arme fhe withers vp, becaufe ye toye Hath now forfaken ye vaine merchants boye. To hire a mifchief, when not long before Not feing well her brocadge and y" hoare, She makes his bags of lufte enflame as bigg As futbals, and againe with champing of a figg Returne vnto their meafure, more then poetes faine Is hiftorie in her, when y'^ could churle waine POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 223 Vnthanghs his fecrets, or fhall crack afunder His pack of witchcraft, great wilbe y*" wonder Of Fins, Laps, Samouites, magique withoute fraude In Lifeland exiles and this Ruflian bawde. * * An Execration of Hott Water. Thow drinke of death, thogh from hfe cald Which dofte our mawes and Hvers fkald, Onely be thou dranck of witches, Pedlers, tinkers, and their bitches. Bawdes, whoares, fpent Ruffians, midnight dames, Parboile their rotten finnes and fhames In thy blue liquour, bafe begotte, Daughter of Ceres in Hell's grott, By Pluto, Lord of ghoafts and fo Thow and baye fait doll: make vs fhowe Alixt in a flame by night. Braue, free, Couragious Julian I doe pardon the[e] The name of falling back, for Hill In deede thogh not in name and will Thy life was Chriilian, hating all In meate or drink which makes men thrall Vnto themfelves ; or when ye rude Mad Celticks were by him fubdude He allfo did their burnt wine damme. And fcorne with this choice Epigramme. 224 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. What kind of Bacchus drincke ? I, by ye true I know y^ not. Jove's fonne I onely kniewe, He fmelt of ambar, thou goate-like doft ftincke In wante of grapes by bowles of corne-made drincke. Thow Bacchus-like no Bacchus arte of Joue, But Ceres fonne borne in a Celtique ftoue. A CONSULTATION WITH MYSELF, WHEN I WAS CONFIN'd INTO CLOSE KEEPING BY Y"^ LoRDS. Deere God, by whome in darcke wombe's fhade I am to feare and wonder made, Learne me what parte I am to beare On this world's ftage and theatre. Miters and croziers are not things That giue to my ambition wings. For theis I nere did Mammon woe. Nor flatter one great Lord or twoe. But with a fimple diett fed Scarce cloath'd and frinded with a bed, I was content in middle rancks Of meaner forte to view y^ prancks And feates of men more adiive, whoe Are better pleafd in what they doe Then I, whoe fceptikly fcarce dare Of beare, of lion, or of hare, POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 225 Or y* worfe race of Malepard Lowd fpeake what I haue (eene or heard. Yet thrice I haue binne hal'd before Our Ephorifmes of ftate full fore Againft my will. And fure I muft, Before to tiring roome of dufte I turne, inftru6t fomme fcene, and giue My name to ftorie, whileft I live. Then, whether on Italian ftage Or Englifh, free or forc'd, I rage Or fteale a filent parte, let be Deere Lord, my fowles reft ever free. As of Calanus lett none fay Truly of me another day That I, well feene in antique lore, Did other Lords then God adore.' A NIEW YEERES SoNG FOR A PrINCE. * * * Softly Mufique touche y'' ftringe. Which muft wake our gentle Kinge. Then praye him Icndc a hearing cleere Now timely in y*" niew borne yeare, ' Compofed by the Author R. James : Written w"" his owne hand, and prefented to m[e] J. Rous, Bibl. 1633. G G 226 POEMS AND TRANSLAriONS. To an infufion from y^ penne Of prince and prelat, beft of men. In holy rites, artes, armes and all Faire vertues hegumenicall [^ecumenical Cirenes peerelefTe prelat gaue Arcadius his Lord to faue This reenforc't advice. Beware Ye that of people rulers are, Beware of flatterie, with flie arte Which doth invade y^ princelie parte Your foules, through your Pretorian bands Where Godlike Trajan's wifedome ftands, Not ever fentinell, and fwayes From privie flights to publique wayes. High rodes of juftice, where to none The villaine flatterie is vnknowne. Where if he ftaye vntill y^ morne Even children crie him to y^ home. Harrow harrow in Trajan's voice we leaue One cannot all nor will all one deceiue. To Albina. Thy teares Albina and thy fpleene Laden with grievance, dartes haue beene. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 227 To pierce my hearte ; faire Venus boye Kniew that no dalliance, fmile or toye Could force my gardes of fadnefTe, weepe, Nor forrow more or elfe take keepe Leaft from this inmate of my breaft Another powrefuU darte I refte. And for theis teares I make you proove A worfe chainge of vnhappie loue. The dayes that cloathe and feede and clofe Their evenings in foft beds repofe, Whoe with repining's fhame, fcarce finde A love that happie is and kinde. Yet happie w^ere I, deereft, true And kinde I fhould be vnto you. To Albina. Deerest Albina my defire Full readie were to kindle fire And make a taper kindely flame To Hymen's honour with your name. But loue that heates y" funne, againe Nor cooles with gentle feare of paine, To you encreafing, fuice my ftarres As yours with fortune arc at warres. 128 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Shall we then joyne and furfett chance. With our vnited fufFerance ? Or fhall we in a purer fire Of admiration and defire Still burne like Laura and his bayes Whofe virgin greennefle to our dayes Frefh live : Your Noble fpiritt is Not her's beneath, and mine like his From everye courfe of nature, winge Should make to finde out everie thinge Which may by arte of poefie Well fett adorne your elogie. Which read by princes and their Queenes Showld us with them for happie tweens Of loue remember, when late age Hath fpent y^ furie of time's rage. Summetimes in fmooth Anacreons veine rie arme you through y*' flowrie plaine. Springs, hills, groues, meadowes, fhall reporte To nymphs and fwaines our fweete reforte. Summetimes to pleafe your high difdaigne rie ftrike y'' mightie friend of Spaine With fuch growne vengeance as did neare Beate from Alcceus quill y^ eare Of Greeks ; then with fofter number Fie kifle you into eafie flumber Shaded and hufht with waving trees And y'' beft harmonic that flees, Which for you to my phanfie yeelds POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 229 A dreame of y* EHzian fields. The praftice of Lords old and niew rie wrighte in florie ftrainge and triew ; Which you before beft Romance fhall Preferre ; then let y" fatire fall. At which embraced favour, I Mounte with frefh courage to y^ fkie. To praife and not to fearch y'^ eye Of y*^ all-viewing Dietie. And dutie which to God and men We owe, fhall gently from my penne In cleere ftreame of truth fo glide. As children fhall and Ladies bide In hollowes of y*' banck with playe To wafh y'' foyle of night and daye. To fuch no fad illufions heere Of braine-ficic phanfies fhall apeere. But unto Tyrants and their traine More fright fhall fhowe then poets faine Nor fhall a rufliie cankerd file Of ufurers, theife ftreames defile. Yette fhall theife ftreames with billowes roare If malice doe but neere y" fhoare. And if your goodnelTc cheere me, more I fhall of antique truth rcftore. At whofe fight chac'd with profe and verfe Fals femblance fhall her troupes difperfe. Moft deere Jlbina, doe not weene You heere a pecock's pride haue fecne. 230 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. But for my true love fpare to loofe Your felf in a lefle worthy nooze. Or as you pleafe ; for I not dare Binde love in my fad life to fhare. And to your foule wifh double glorie If tvi^ice you enter purgatorie. Anacreon's Follie. If much ftore of goulden wealth Might preferve our life and health, I would with ftrong care gould keepe, That when death beganne to peepe, It might take thence and pafle by. But if mortalls may not buye Life at any price of gould. Why with figths fhould I waxe ould ? Why fend I forth dolefuU cryes Since no plaintes mooue deftinyes ? Downe then with my gowlden heape, Lett vs drincke and make wine cheape, Drincke with pleafmg friends fweete wine With all choice of rich meates dine. And at night on beds of downe, Lay our fofter Ladies downe. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 131 To Mr. Philip Woodhouse. * * * Sir if you my Miftris wed Be her friend at board and bed, And before men that alowe You muft vnto Hymen vowe. This and more, that vowe preferve. She will ftill your loue deferve. Gentle nature, noble aire. Her encreafmg triple faire, Such as you perchance maye finde In her Faerie Queene defignd Once by me, whoe cannot raife Vnto meritt equall praife. A wife that is more cleane then fine. That is not fick in love with wine. That fairer is of minde then face, And yet there beares a gentle grace ; Who is more proude of doing good Then of defcent from Noble blood. Whofe over zeale or fond delight Doth neither vexe y^ daye nor night Her friend, whoe marryes, and in chief From him doth holde her joye and grief. At bed and board decre friends fo bleft Praye wifh to me eternall rell. Fafte vnion of hands and hearts 232 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. I that am Hymen's prieft doe blefle But wanton Cupid's roving dartes Working much vengeance, more or lefle. On publique and in private ftate, Braue ould Roomes ruine, be for hate To Courtes and Countries of y* foe, Theife beaftes enrage and of men make In reafons lofTe I vndertake Worfe beaftes then thofe on foure feete goe. Chafte marriadge is Nature's due And bleft of God abiding true, And bleft of men, w^hoe often faye, O happie, and thrice, happie they, Whome evil jarres, vncivill ftrife. Doe neuer parte till end of life. * # An Anniversarie of Marridge to Mr. Philip Woodhouse. * * Now Sir, y* funne or earth hath circled rownd Since you were fairely to my Miftris bownd • In holie fpowfall rites. I then did praye My blefling on you bothe. And from that daye Till this, I heare of peace and love no breach. Which might, if ftill y* cuftome ftood, empeach Our jorney vnto Dunmowe ; Dunmowe, where Was bacon for true lovers, when a yeare POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 233 And daye expired, they would comme and faye And fweare, that neither did by night or daye Repent their tie of love. Lett dayes and yeeres So ftill continue to my gentle peeres Of love. Chafte loue, loue hymeneall be Your honour, as was virginne chaftitie Mathildae^s, ould Fitxwalters daughter ; whoe Chofe rather die a Nunne then bafely doe The luftfuU pleafure of a loofe-bent prince ; She died at Dunmowe. And hath bacon fince Fed in Fitzwalters forefts by gift beene A fportfuU prize for equall lovers (Qene. But joye they in their vertue, chief reward Vnto itfelf in peace, though monks be bard From all their wilie triumphs, toyes and japes With which in Chaucer they make people apes. Or apes and feller beaftes our felves we prooue, When we forfake faire order in our loue, Faire peace, faire conftancie. And lett thofe wills Which difagree, goe dig downe Mauborne hills. * * Vppon Death and Dijnge Agathius his Ep. Why feare we death, which matter is of refte. Cure of difeafes, povertie's relief. H H 23+ POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. By her we mortalls onely once are preft. She never doth prefent a fecond grief. But foule difeafes manie manie wife Exchainge and multiplie our griefs and cries. Palladas Epigr. on y^ Same. * People's furie, Tyrante's rage, Chandge of fortune and of age, Gufts of paflion, fright of hell. All this in our bodies dwell ; When from them our foules are freed. To y^ eternall God they fpeed. Archias Ep. vppon humane life. * * * I praise y'' Thracian mothers whoe doe mourne For their children newly borne, Againe with blefling them difmifTe, when fate Doth fnatch them from our mortall ftate. In birth they enter feas of mifchief; all Which, perifh in a funerall. POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 235 Greek Ep. vppon y"- Same. All things are dufte and laughter, all things naught. For out of fenfles things were all things wrought. * * * PosiDippus ON Humane Life : Ep. * * * What courfe of life is choicefuU ? plie y*" lawe Ther's ftrife and doubtfuU ifTue. Staye at home, 'Tis thoughtfull. Culture of y« fields doth drawe And weare out ftrength. Furrowe y" brinifh foame. Terror is in y^ fea. Through forreyne lands whoe ftraye Well-ftor'd invite a villaine to their harme. And nothing bore, makes manye a pining daye. Goe marrie, and againft thy cares no charme Prevailes, yet lonefomme is a fmgle life. Children, are forrowe, none, a civill maime. Young yeeres, of trifling fooleries be rife And ould at nought but rcftiveneffe doe ayme. If then our foules might chufe, bcil herefie. Life not to enter, or leaue prefentlye. Z36 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Metrodorus on Humane Life. Take any life, Courtes and rialtoes roome Haue for thy witt and wifdomme. Staye at hoame, Ther's refte. The fields frefli nature. From y" feas Commes wealth, which if in foreyne lands thow pleafe To fpend, tis glorious. If there thow wante, whoe knowes But thine owne felf ? Haft thow a wife ? y*^ clofe In houfe is pleafing : whoe not marries, more In eafe may Hue, and live w*'' greater ftore. Children are louelie, childleffe men no cares Haue, youthfuU dayes and luftinefTe are pares. Graye hayres beft knowe religion. Be not wood Or not to liue or die, in life all's good. * * * Greek Epigr. on EXCESSE. * * ExcESSE of bathing, wine, and lufte Our bodies quickly turne to dufte. « POEMS AND TRANSLAriONS. 237 BiZANTINUS Gr. EP. AGAINST FLATTERERS. * * * That prince whofe eares to glozing flatterie Are loft, betraies juft men to villanie Of evill toungs ; and therefore jufte men oughte Hate bothe alike, for furelye bothe are naught. Palladas Ep. on Pride of Men. * * Thorough our noftrills fnuffing a thinne aire We live and view ye heavens faire. So all men live : we are but neurofpafts Slight airie motions, winedye blafts. Shutt vp thofe ventalls with an eafie hand Robd of our fowles, in graue we land. So nothing being, with prowde hope we fwell. In durte a little aire doth dwell. * * An Ep. of ye Same Subject and Person. Man if thow icnowe what did thy father when He the[e] begott, thow wilt all loftinefle 238 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. Soone quitt, nor be puft vp with Platoe's pen Dreaming ye plant of heavn'lye diocefle. Thow arte but claye fond man ; and fo the beft We fpeake of what thow arte in feemely phrafe. And if y^ naked truth thow not deteft I dare not faye, it is fo fowly bafe. * * * On Flatterers of Greatnesse. * Flatterers confound humane ftate, they make Princes and prelates from y*^ heavens to fall. And lett them fall from grace, and truth, and all Nature of goodnefTe, vntill heavens take Their ftridl accounte. Their perfons are not aught In robe or royaltie if deedes be naught. NiCARCHUS HIS Ep. ON FaRTES. Fartes ftifled in ye gutts make manye die, Againe they fave, if forth they rumbling flie ; Then be not prowd great princes, fmce fartes haue As great a power as you, to kill or fave. * * * POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 239 Greeke Ep. on Wine. * * * For no offence of mine my parents me Begatt pore wretch, vnto ye graue. deadly coupling ! O neceffitie Which me to vgly death doth waue. Nothing I fhalbe as of nothing borne. Nothing but nothing is our kinde. Comme comme then Bacchus, in thy cup forlorne 1 will Care's oblivion finde. On Altesa X Noble commelye Ladye. * * * Forth walking to receive ye breathing aire I was entreated by Altefa faire To reach her downe a brainche of willowe tree ; And I, then heedelefTe that theis brainches be Sad emblemes, did her pleafure. Sure y" rofe And everie tulip that more lovely growes. Would glorie in fuch honour. Commelye, tall. In feafon, frefh, and flourifhing with all Nature's perfections mufte Altefa fee Her owne defpaire in this wanne fruitlefs tree ? Then beauties knowe, theis times your dowries doe And not your perfons or your vertues woe. * * 240 POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. On King Charles his recoverie of y^ smale poxe. Though Gods vnto vaine people princes be And fawning prelats giue immunitie To them from law ; truth, and y*" courfe of things In nature, knowe no priviledge of kings. Poore home-bred fwaines and high-borne mightye kings Are vnto chance and ficknefle equall things. The King of England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Hath felt y*" little poxe for all their tales. But he's recovered. So ; kinde fubjeils, then Praife God, and learne your princes are but men. A FUNERALL ElEGIE ON YoNGE JaCK SimPSON. See how fruites growe ; fumme fall betimes. In ye bloflbmme with colde rimes. Summe till a groath of fhape doe ftaye. And with red windes fall awaye. Summe growe to feede a worme y' will Apple, peare, or damfon fpill. If wanton children plucke not rathe And a tempeft worke no fkathe. That fruites doe vnto ripenefle growe. Neither wrongd by jaye nor crowe, POEMS AND TRANSLAriONS. 241 Yet in the Autumne all muft downe To y*" bafkett of y*" clowne. And even fuch is humane kinde. Therefore mortalls be not blinde, Much to teeme this life of ours Bownded to fumme dayes or houres, Summe weekes, fumme monthes, fomme yeeres y' be Nothing to eternite. The God of Nature blefle vs there And then heere, or when, or where So ere we fall, againe we rife Ever more for to defpife This fruitlike fruitlefTe life of breath. From which all are freed by death. Now in this youth, tis all I write Death had a greene appetite. Vppon a Slothfull Husband still calling his Wife Chicke. * * * Chick ftill and chick Torpedo calls his wife, Whoe is a prettye pigeon withoute ftrife. He treads y^ chicke and chicke of broode is faine. Still chicke ? then hee's more capon of y'" twaine. * * 24* POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. To Cap* David Gilbert, Scot. [Ad Capitaneum Dauidem Gilbertum Scotum. cu vna nauiga rem^ in Dwina flumine.] * Good worthy Captaine if I weare fo fraught And large of fortune as I am of thought, Tis not bothe Indies, not a world's furprife Could giue a prefent fit to equalife And weigh the loue and wifshinge w'^'' I owe To men of whome I doe believe or knowe Valor and arte, or happier goodnefle ; but Like y^ proud towringe faucon I muft fhut The winges of my delufion, and with fpeeke Stoupe to y*" lower willowes fedge, and weeke To lefle my angrie appetite : onely Sir You fhall receive no rich Siberian furre That fcornes y*^ fpite of Winter & dos keepe The Baiore warme at furfet, fledd and fleepe When y*^ cheape Mggicke to y*^ publique uiewe Lies hard on ice, fcarce pittied but of fiewe ; Shriul'd and ftarke with colde, I fend you heere Scarce a remembrance for y*" Ruflian yeere, A thicke hot quilted could chillie ftaruinge lap To fpeake true contrarietie but good hap ; To which I haue enchanted warmenefTe if much heart And loue could worke like their blacke murmuringe arte. (From James MS. N" 13). POEMS AND TRANSLATIONS. 243 To Mr Daniel Clutterbooke vppon occafion keepinge himfelf a fhip boarde in the haven of Archangcll in RiifTia in a Hamborow fliip. You mufte have patience with your fkipper good, Good Mr Clutterbooke, in your Ifle of wood, And every morninge in your Almanack fpie Somme gratious Ladie for to largifie His orient nofe : fo fhall our northern clime No more run hazard to and thwart y*" line For cloves and pepper ; but this hotter fpice Mindes me to be more ferious of advife ; You mufte ftrike of[f] your daintieft rundlet's houpes To gratifie this M'' Kinge of Poupes And winne his humour, if perchanc he fhall Againe adventure on our Hubberts thrall. To hurle him oreboard, good Hance to[o] fine a dilh For the Lap's turbet, fea hounds or codlifh. With memorie of good drinke, y" may then well pre\cnt His honourfhip's rage and tarrie regiment ; For what can the beft pilot fpie on fhoare What head land, flat land, high land, fande or hawre To fteere fafe courfe, when an eternall fmoake Doth there both marriner and the paflidge choakc ? An argument that all thofe nations are of right Witches, and fcr\auntes to the fiend of light. 244 POEMS AND TRJNSLJTIONS. You will remember & I then tranfcende To fpealce to[o] of your felfe, or make an ende : I am no buifie fellowe, to aflce how or why You leapt feven hunderd leauges, onely to buy Fitches and Vermins fkins, or but to pledg her Whome you love beft from me, or to lie ledger In the Archangell haven, difconfolat for foxes Or fox tailes, feven fennights amongeft Butter boxes; To whome my prettie M" at no no call Would warble forth her ftudied madrigall. Tis fullen if you be to learne now, how to beare mifchance Which travails all our Merchants, Italic, Spaine, France ; Whoe clothe themfelfs w* vs, though no fire burnes As heere in Ruflia fend but leane returnes j And fo I end if fo the poore may ende And not abufe the name, your lovinge friend. VII. SACRED POEMS. NOTE. In the fame year (1636) in which he wrote Iter LancaJ?renfe, ]ames tranflated into EnglHh a dialogue by Minucius Felix, called Oftavius, which he publifhed under the title, " Minucius Felix his Dialogue called Oilavius; containing a Defence of Chriftian religion. Tranf- lated by Richard James, of C. C. C. Oxon. Printed by Leonard Lichfield for Thomas Huggins, 1636" (120). Appended, are the Sacred Poems, which follow. — G. A GOOD FRIDAY THOUGHT. THINKE how Chrift in his great pleafure tooke A humane likenefl'e often in the booke Of man's creation, learning as it were, How in time's fullnefle Deity could beare The earneft of our flefh j in it be borne ; Grow vp to three and thirty ; then be torne With fcourges and the crofTe ; be crownd with thornes ; Surprizd by treafon, and revild with fcorns ; Bee buftetted, bee fpit on, to re- ftore, Thofe cruell actors to his loue and lore ; a48 SACRED POEMS. From which both they and wee by ferpent's wile In our firft parents fall vntill this while For eating fome forbidden fa- tall fruit, Figge, Peare, or Apple ; which, Ile^ not difpute, Aftonifht with the wonder of God's playe, Amongft the fonns of men ; from whence well may We name our Gofpell. He who framed all With one word, might without a funerall And paflion of himfelfe, all repaire With one new-pleafmg breath and gratefuU aire. But fmce for humane ranfome he would die, I thus thinke on the facred hiftory. As from the holy Moore I learne. Behold ■ < He ' from MS. preferred to < I,' SACRED POEMS. 249 The price of man's redemption, and be bold ; To blefle all nations, Chrift his bloud pourd forth : What ranfome may be equall to fuch worth ? What bee' all tribes of men ? In- gratefuU they Or very proud, who dare to thinke, or fay Themfelues fo great, or this fo fmall, that none, Should be by fuch price favd but they alone. A Christmasse Caroll. Since now the jolly feafon's by That giues and takes in curte- I that haue nought to giue will fmg A caroll to our infant King ; The Prince of peace, the mighty Lord, Who all created with a word. ' From MS. inftead ot ' but.' K K 2SO SACRED POEMS. And might fo haue mankind redeemd. Had not another way beft feemd ; Which I adore, not daring prie In fecrets of Divinity. Haile blefled Virgin, mother milde, Which at this time didft beare a childe ! Who in the booke of Genefis Doth bruife the head of fer- pents hifle. And fo as in allegoric Would their embleme Grand- fire worie. His cradle was a manger, fed Where lie the ferpents, and doc bed In lothfome ordure neare ; elfe place Should by Mariamne's grace In Herod's fofteft downe haue beene For a fairer Virgin Queene. Whofe burden, puzling nature's eye Made a new brightnefle fliine in flcye. SACRED POEMS. 251 To guide three wife men rapt in fenfe. With gold, with mirrhe, with frankomfenfe. From their ftarre-gazing Ea- fterne ftage To Bethlem in holy pilgri- mage. When round about poore filly fwaynes Grazing their (heepe on neigh- bour plaines, God's glory firft by night did fhow, And from an Angell let them know Tidings of ioy to all mankind. Which they in David's towne fhould finde. A fwadling childe amongft beaftcs ftor'd, A Saviour which is Chrift the Lord, Borne King of lewes and Gen- tiles all ; Who in full time vnited fhall Humbly vnto him bend, and praife. His triumphe with eternall layes. 252 SACRED POEMS. Of many proofes which make beliefe In Chrift fo borne, this one is chiefe : The lewes who fcornd his lowly birth, Are fkattered ouer all the earth, In falfe Chrifts oft bee^ thoufands loft. From on[e] land to another toft. Their Priefts, Scribes, all le- rufalem. Which troubled were at birth of him. Have loft their Tribes, their Temple, State, A people, outcaft, runnagate. Now for one thoufand thirtie one And full fix hundred yeares vndone. Bleft infant, facred Deitie So ftirouded in humanitie, Preferue this new yeare to my friends, From thoughts ill ravelld into ends. ' From MS. for ' by.' SACRED POEMS. 253 Vouchfafe mee and my flender rimes, Not fawning on thefe faining times. Then fhall I on thine Altar lay- In Antheme of Afcending day. As erft I have at Eafter done, Thy Threnothriambeuticon. A Hymne on Christ's Ascension. To thy paflion and thy birth Bleft Lord, I have two anthemes fung; Once more to fmg in holy mirth Thy afcending glory loofe my tongue, That I with wonder and with praife. May fett forth all thy holie daies. Borne lowly, then on fhamefuU CrolTe By lewes and Romans iudgd to dye. In birth or death not any lofle Impeacht thy immortalitye. 254 SACRED POEMS. Like Phebus after cloudes of ralne. Thy God-head luftred forth a- gaine. Afcending, thou to men didft giue. To meaneft men fuch guifts of grace. As whether they did dye or liue. They forc't all hearts in higheft place, To proftrate fcepter, fword and crowne With worfhip to thy chiefe re- nowne. Poore fifhermen of lakes, that were Unapt to fway with eloquence; That knew not how to menace fpeare. Or blandifh words that ravifh fenfe j Even thefe poore Heralds' voyce did tame And winne all nations to thy name. SACRED POEMS. 255 When I am lifted up, faith he In holy Gofpell of Saint John, Then all men will I draw to me; That is, to his confeflion. To heauen from cratch and crofle he went. With men and angells merri- ment. Triumphant lord, no tongue, no thought. Can reach the wonder of thy wayes. But we muft fay, as Paul hath taught, Vnto thy everlafting praife. The myfterie of godlinefle Is fuch as no tongue can ex- prefTe. God in the flefh made manifeft. In the fpirit iuftified ; Scene of the angells, euer bleft. To the Gentiles verified ; Believed on in the world his ftory. Was vp received into glory. FINIS, VIH. LATIN POEMS: WITH ADDITIONS FROM BODLEIAN MSB. L L NOTE. Nos. XXI. to XXIV. are taken from the printed foiirces noted in the places. The remainder are from MS. No. 13, of which three only were printed by the late Rev. Thomas Corser, in Intro- duction to his edition of the Iter LancaJ}renfe, as before. Falfe quantities occur in XVII. 1. 22 (' bills'), and on XVIII. 1. 9 (' per- tudit '). See alfo XIX. 1. 9.— G. S2s3^^5i ^^^CT ^P^^^ ^ ^pss ^^l^^"^!! ^^^^^^^ !<^\J|S OS)* l&J^K ^^^^^^^^ j^ ^^^^ w| 1 IP ^^m t h^z^l^y'^C^^ ^^yj\my i^H^^^ w^ >^^s^ s6^^^^^^@)5l 'M^^ .j^M^ ^ ^ -ifrti^^'^ I. To D' Sebaftian Benfield : De Daveidis inftrumentis pfalmodicis. I ANCTE Deus quo te celebrem modulamine ? ritus Jampridem ignorant fecula prifca tuos. Inftrumenta illls pereunt, vix noia nobis Quid Minnim. Gnuggab. Zabrale cu Nablio ? Non bombos fonitus, neque tantararantia pofcis, Sed laudes cordis fletib. irrigui. Mores non incruftati, fimplexque voluntas Sunt Minnim, Gnuggab, caetera quaeque tibi. (From MS. N". 1 3, p. i : noia = nomina : fletib. = fletibus.) »6o LATIN POEMS. II. An fi quis in quern bona condiderit carmina in eum fit ius iudiciumque. neg. Non eft fic Venufine doces nefcire libet quid Quis de rubrica Bartholo-Baldus ait In praetextatos mores regumque tumultus Stringat fublimes vena benigna modos Die age Die numero fublimi Maxime legum Eft tibi non paucis purpura cum maculis. (From James MS. N°. 13, p. 7.) III. He notices the fevere ftridlures of fome of the Fathers — Tertullian, Chryfoftom, Cyprian — on the ftage, and fliows that thefe were juft as applied to the indecencies then tolerated, but adds, that if thefe Fathers were now living they would willingly attend the reprefentation of Ben Jonfon's plays. Thefe lines then follow : — Ede tuos tandem populo Jonfone libellos Et cultum do6to pe6lore profer opus Quod nee Cecropiae damnent Pandionis artes Nee fileant noftri praetereantque fenes Ante fores ftantem dubitas admittere famam Teque piget famae praemia ferre tuae Poft te vi6i:ur3e per te quoque vivere chartae Incipiant, cineri gloria fera venit. {Ibid. p. 25.) LATIN POEMS. 261 IV. An aurum fiat potabile. AfF. Quid non doila poteft vatum folertia, non vos Non veftras medici pofco man us Arabes Ilia aurum argentumque etiam pluteofque librofque Diluere infufo eft ingeniofa mero. {Ibid. p. 87.) V. In mortem optimi Avunculi Doftoris Edoardi James, nepotis carmen funebre. Vifceribus fecere tuis quid faxa petrarum ? Conveniens cruftis non fuit ifte locus Duru equidem genus eft hominu et crudele, quibufq^ Cepit faxorum fabula prifca fidem Hie capite hofpitiu lapides, tententur acute Horum hominu faxis ilia dura magis. Has, licet, in fedes, pulchro migrate colon i Ordine ; quis fatum hoc vidit et erubuit ? Hie rupices cruftas, vivoq^ fedilia faxo Abf(|^ omni tutum eft extruere invidia. Verum non veftra patruus ab origine crevit Eftct in affini ut corpore juris idem. lUi mens humana ct came induta, ncc unquani In lapidem excoxit fervida avaritia 262 LATIN POEMS. Aut mifera ambitio, aut vindi6l:£e dira libido Impiger aut maribus qui furor ardet equis. Udum et moUe lutum, atq^ Deu teftante figura Vixit inequales difficilefq^ dies. O quam multa Dei fanftis fulgebat imago Moribus et viva pedloris effigie : Egeftos nudofcj, lares fpe6lare benigne, Et bona pauperibus fpargere moris erat More probo et quali veteru vixere parentes Felices vetuit quos pia fama mori. Mortalis praefenfq^ Deus mihi quaeritur, author Quippe mihi vitas non pereuntis erat Communis generi vindex, ego funere in ifto Intus jufta patri rurfus ago lacrymis. Si vultus fimiles rides in pecStore geftus Amiflas rurfus defleo nudus opes Quod veris querimur lacrymis, et define carmen Ut doleam tacito depereamq^ finu, Livor pinge diem nigro carbone vel horam Qua vixit foli providus ille fibi Ergo fidereus jam vivit maior imago. Hac mercede placent vel tua faxa mihi. {Ibid. pp. 130, 131.) LATIN POEMS. 263 VI. In mortem Thomae Andrewes M" Artium, cum quo vna ele6lus fui in focietatem C'C'C* Quae bufto huic pietas debetur funeris ? eia Ad tumulum folito more decenter eat. Ocius et frondes herbarumque infpergite honorem Multa £T£pi}-/j.mv; foemina cum gemitu Accedat cippique deinde infcriptio, terrze Poft onus egeftum compofitumque caput. Securi ut vermes faturentur : corporis vfum Defertorem animi, tanto dignamur honore. {Ibid. pp. 138-9.) VII. On pp. 182, 183, 184 of MS. N". 13, he has fome re- flections during a flceplefs night, on the fubjedl " cur nos rubricapites adeo in opprobrium quafi objiciamur ? " and quotes Martial (xii. 54), " Crine ruber, niger ore, brevis pede, lumine lufcus. Rem magnam praeftas Zoile fi bonus es " — I'hus rendered by himfelf, " fomni et lucis ambiguus." Squint, red-pate, blaclc-mouth, ftumpe foot under If Zoilus be good he does a wonder ; And thinks that this may have been ignorantly applied to men of the northern nations without any rcafon. 4 264 LATIN POEMS. VIII. Ad M"". Thomam Jackfonum, qui in Fefta die Strenarii mihi dono miferit Biblium. Arripe quod fubiti fervor diftavit amoris Accedens proprijs, carminis et pedibus Vt non fallaci voveat, fed aufpice lingua Te retro vt verfis fofpitet annus equis. Ille tuam curet fern per reparetq; falutem Cui noua nafcenti haec tempora facra damus Ille novum quondam qui laudibus extulit annum So/ T£ veov ^EKTOv vuv IviavTOV ayy\ Atq; falute nova tutum te proluat ille Cuius facra tuo munere ftrena mea eft. Laetare aufpicio, facer haec funt impetus, et non Attoniti veniunt carmina fontis opus. Nulla poene mora ftrenarum numine plenus Haec citus adfcripfi, felixq; i. pagina dixi. (From N°. 27 in MS., alfo in MS. 13, p. 210.) IX. Ad amicum fuum Robertum Tailerum qui nobis miferit pidluram Robert! hominis turpiffimi. Idolum idoli tabula hac Tailere dedifti Tantum etenim idolum eft ipfe et imago hominis Ingenium aft laudo, nullo ex doilore venuftum Cedat Parrafii cui labor atque Scopae LATIN POEMS. 265 Vivi cquidcm ckives humerofque et lintea cerno Menti dimidium eft vulfaque barba fubeft. Afpicit intrantes tarn re6le et prxtcrcuntcs Pileum et tain fimili pinfitat arte fuum. Oh ! fi animi fraudes fordefque effingere poflis Turpior in terris nulla tabella foret. {Ibid. p. 217.) X. In Delphinum ' infigne Jamefianorum VecSlenfium. Adverfae quamvis lacerum fecere procellae Et maris imperio concutiente feror Demerfe ex plebis numero Delphinus in auras Me levat et freta per fervida fcindit iter. Non ventofa adeo eft gens noftra ut imagine macra Delphini et pi6la fe efferat effigie Dicit amatorcs hominum nos pifcis, in ifto Omine nee fyrtes nee fera faxa queror Qiia tc, purus amor, venerer pietate, tot inter TEftus qui fra6lam non finis effe ratem Mifceat atq^ novos moveat vefana tumultus Relligio ; coelum non ruit, huic fidei. ' This is in allufion to the arms borne by the family of James, which were Vert, a dolphin, naiant. M M 266 LATIN POEMS. Haec fubitus fcripfi in libro ftemmatii Ifaaci Maflae legati ad Mofcos pro Illuftriflimis ordinibus Belgiae in urbe Vraflaviae An. Dom. 1618. {Ibid. p. 238. XL Sacrum memoriae ftrenui militis et ducis Thomae Euftace Ibernici occifi a Polonis dum aflereret portas e± urbem Mofcuae An. Dn. 161 8. Exclufus moritur defenfae in nomine gentis Ruflbrum portas Sarmata ne caperet Bellum nunc bellum atque virum cantabit lerna Vix Priamus tanti totaque Troia fuit Thedor Mofcua. [Ibid. p. 238.) XII. De Cometa quae apparuit iuxta urfam maiorem Ann. Dn. 161 8. per fpatium menfis in Decembri et Novembri, quam vidimus in Variflavia Ruthenorum. Tunc cum Sarmatici coeperunt fcedera pacis Fruftrati Gallo militc ne capcrent LATIN POEMS. 267 Vix, Michaele, tibi fteterint quae moenia, fallax In quibus baud tantum mobile vulgus erat. Emicuit fcptem inter circumgeftata trioncs Promittens longam dira cometa facem, Nos quod portentum flammae qua^fivimus acri Sufpicione omnes, quifc^:, fibi metuens. Anglis ipfe timens, ne forfitan invidiofa Si foret occafu, magne Jacobe, tuo Extimui et ne relligio vefana furenfqj Armaret Batavos in fua fata duces. Aut minor eft forfan mundi ia6tura rubentis Germani hoc fidus Crefaris efle poteft. Plebeio at nunquam coalefcit fanguine regni Jus dubium, regum eft fanguinis iftud opus. Sarmaticof(|, Ruthenofq;, inter coelum interituram Facem quod bello mifcuit inde rubet. {Ibid. p. 239.) XIII. In quendam qui ebrius in vrbe Mofcua periculu fecerit fortitudinis in imagines camini Amphora RufTa tuas refonet quae buccina laudes Per quam fic noftri Martis amore viri Exultant, ftetit in furno depidta juventus Et fonipes quales in fera bella ruunt. Romphaea pharetraque fclopeti et fulgure, miles Hie multa pugnax arte dccenter erat 268 LATIN POEMS. Non tulit hoc generofa bilis, fed et arripit enfem Et, dirum, vero fe putat hofte peti. Ivit in occurfus, belli belli ois imago Occidit, inque tuo pulvere furne iaces. Solis, piftillique equitem fie, fie et Iberum Kifhotum vera vicimus hiftoria/ {Ibid. p. 240.) XIV. Haec tibi dulcis amice damus, licet irrita, fanfte Et noftra et vetulae pariter fufpiria rides. Epitaphium ftrenui ducis Thomae Euftace. Militis hie ftrenui ducis hie fua facSla tacentis Dum grandi exemplo vixerit, ofla filent Non te ego fed vanas dicam ludibria genti Laude fua haec tumidus fi quis ad ofla venit Qui legis haec, fie terra lutum, tibi fama decufque Gloria fervatae fit licet urbis, erit. (Ibid. p. 240.) 1 The reference is to " The Knight of the Burning Peftle " by- Beaumont and Fletcher, as well as to "Don Quixote." "The play ap- pears to have been produced in 161 1, for Burre in the Dedication to the firft quarto, 1613, declares that he had ' foftered it privately in his bofom thefe two years,' and that it was the ' elder of Don fixate above a j'mr,'— meaning doubtlefs the tranflation of that work by Skelton, which was publifhed in 1612" (Dyce, Introduftion to the Play, ii. p. 125). LATIN POEMS. 269 XV. Ad Fratrem fuum Guillielmum Gardinerum cum ei dono mitterct Mornaeum de Veritate Xianae Religionis. Mi fratcr noftri mitto hunc tibi pignus amoris Librum qui eft avido plurimus ore mihi Tertullianum da dixit faepe Magiftrum Cuius nigra fuit fanguine dives humus Atque ego Mornaeum hunc fic pofco faepe catenam Cum quo curarum folvere dulce fuit Quam tribus ille tibi chartis omne explicat aevum et Devia per certo fidere ducit iter Nulla ufquam fecunda magis fit le6lio facr[a] Si cupis hiftoriae nofcere myfteria Quicquid habent veterum fcripta et monumenta priorum Omne tibi hoc vena divite pandit opus. Tuus et Janas tuae frater amantiflimus R. James. [a] Vide Lactantium, lib. i, 5 ch. hiftoria de religione. {Ibid. p. 240.) XVI. Crimreus Danufcjuc Suevufq : atque Polonus Cum petcrcnt fccptrum terra Ruthena tuum 27° LATIN POEMS. In coelo vifi quatuor rutilefcere foles Et claram infolita luce notare diem Iride fed fuperintenfa, quae faufta tumultus Compefcet forfan terra Ruthena tuos Sed fcelerum es adeo portentis dira furentes Ut timeam ventos, fulgura, diluvium Averfaque viros turpique libidine perdis Hofti qui pro te tergora coUa darent An fileam ? caenae an memorem faftigia ? capra Dum meditor ventrem pafcere, pafco virum Dat mihi Tchornitzae aut Baioris filius infans Ignotas capra de genitrice dapes Haec vox eft populi, multorum eft gloria, plures Inceftofque, nefas, nofcere concubitus. Arthuro ut Aftono equiti cum perditus Anglo Qui illius in curam miftus ab urbe venit Non de plebe hominum iactaret poft meretricis Septem Brutorum nofcere fe coitus Non uUam metuens cenfuram nulla tiarae Fulmina, nee vani confcia iura tori Quin condat pofcatque diem fibi lucidus aether Ne purus caftis ignibus afpiciat Hos putres geftus morum haec ut crimina cernas Nonne fatis oculos eft habuifle duos Vana loquor toties geminato lumine coelum Profpicit in poenas impia terra tuas 1 619, Feb. 16. Inter Colmogrodum et Archangelum vifi funt quatuor foles cum iride h'^^. {Ibid. p. 243.) LATIN POEMS. 271 XVII. In fcrvum nequam et ebrium. Quas laudes numerem fervi fidelis, amorem Qui Dominum vera relligione colit Non nudo capite aut decurvo poplite, ncc qui Prono gupfatos defpicit ore pedes Sed mea cum ratio iuffit qui rebus agendis Fidus ficcufque et fobrius efTe poteft Dulcibus hie natis hie chara conjuge vitam Praeferat, in votis hie mihi fervus erit Ingenio hoc quando vivam mala multa precari Non fas criminibus peflime ferve tuis i^re meo pauper dum vivam impune licebit Caetera divitiis computet ille fuis Non veto quin curas iugulet mihi providus, et quin Ternis ter cyathis gaudia promoveat Sed quare quadrupedem fervum pedibufq: carcntem Et manibus faciat nigra taberna meum Servus ni foret a rifu quis temperet, ilium Bacchus dum illudit poftibus ct tenebris Quos comites putat adverfos, et luce fequenti Pugnae nefcio quod grande minatur opus Cum fervor capiti acceflit, fic provocat omncs Cambri huius infana ac irrcquicta bilis 27a LATIN POEMS. Ut nifi cum nobis mea gratia faepe valeret Tantum Maflbrio non foret ore rudis Auriculis oculis nafoque et fronte cutis fit An veftis dubium laciniofa magis Quo fato aufugit dignas epigrammate mortes Cum Neptune tuos incidit in focios. Horrida turba ilium contis remifque cruentum Surdi praecipitant in mare turba nequam EfTet ni de homine binis contentio fatis Vel fatis ad mortem cafus uterque fuit His ego fi indigner fic peior fabula fiet Non uno gemitus murmure plena domus Quid faciam huic fervo jubeo miferum effe libenter Ne pereat curis ebrietate mori. {Ibid. pp. 245, 246,) XVIII. In mortem Dodloris Johannis Flemminge qui obijt ex confumptione cordis. Quam bene cordatus Fleuiingus vixerit et quam Strenu[u]s, et vera fidus amicitia Nos tua turba omnes de pe6lore novimus atque Norunt, qui audierant fortia verba viri LATIN POEMS. 27J Et tamen excordis moritur, fcindente chirurgo Et fubiti latebras infpiciente mali. Nil lacrymis inhibemus iter, purgatior vmbra Nunc tua fecretam pervolet ad requiem Res non mira omnem qui fe pertudit amicis Siccato cordis fanguine pofle mori. {Ibid. p. 251.) XIX. Cum in man us venifTet cafu 3"* editio operis de pietate Ludovici Bayly Bangorienfis, hasc fcripfi in Germanico quodam hofpitio Londini. Quam do6la et qualis tua fit Theologia Leuze Garrit ad incudem nigra taberna fuum Noverunt nautae, pi6tores, hoc genus omne Quifquis amat no6lem San6le Clcmenfque tuam Sic tamen es vulgi notiflima fabula quando Non te vulgarem dicere quis metuit Haec eft condicio noftrae Leuze optime vitae Sordet quod vulgi judicio petitur Verum confule me, damnum fit quamvis bibliopolis Qui te praeflentis numinis inftar habent. Invidiae au6lorem commendat rarior ufus Si fiat non excuflio tergemina Nunc pietatis opus tot chartas foetat, abunde Et tibi Stcrcuti ut pagina facra cadat. (//-/>/. p. 252,) N N 274- LATIN POEMS. XX. After fome criticifms on the injudicious remarks often made at a death-bed by ftirrounding ftiends, he writes the following as an epicedium on the death of a relative, Tobias Eedes. [Ibid. p. 255.) Non loquor exa6lae vitae fufpiria, qualis In gemitu, extremae aut fuerint quae infomnia mentis Sermonum fragmenta dolor quae et morbus fuderit aut quae Diftarunt aegro refonanti blanda fodales Haec referant alio, quibus ifto in funere fanguis Cognatus non marcefcit : me tollere crura Sandapilae pulchro juvat et procedere grefTu Ad tumulum, vi<5lorem humeris contollere carnem De vita et morbis in fola morte caducis. Nafcentis folae vetulae myfteria nofcant Turpia, cum morimur pompam dant funera iuftam. XXI. Ad LibrujH Juum. Cujus vis fieri libelle munus ? Feftina tibi vindicem parare, Ne nigri cito ftigmatis litura Cenfuraq ; gravi ambulcs pcrundlus LATIN POEMS. 275 Damnatae foleant quo abire chartae ; Vel fias olida madens taberna. Seldeni fugis in finum ? fapifti. Exhortor moneoq ; te libclle Diferto huic placeas JpolUnari j Nil exa6lius cruditiufq ; Sed nee candidius benigniufq ; lUo vindice non timebis atros Dentes, livida vel Theonis ora, Quae ferrugine tindta ; non cachinnos Non ronchos hominum maligniorum ; Haec expertus ego libelle dico. Pro me (ne metuas) jube falutem, Quam porta accipiet bonus patente. Si quaerit quid agam, ftudere dices Poft praeludia velitis papyri, Vt majori opera placere poilim. (Prefixed to " Ante-PofTevinus," &c., 1625. See our Introdudlion.) XXII. Viri Clariflimi Rob. Cottoni ab antiqua Regum profapia oriundi Epicedium. Qyalis HoMERUS erat, de cujus fonte furores Sacros hauferunt veterefque nouique Poetae. Talis eras noftros inter Cottone Britannos Reruin cxplorator veterum. Civilia jura 176 LATIN POEMS. Regni, Magnatum molimina, munia Regum Et popuH, nexus fauftos, divortia faeva, Navigia et merces, caftra, artes, religiones, Nummos, ftrucSluras, chartas, folemnia verba, Et quicquid bello faceret vel pace triumphos Callebat dextre nemo magis. Omnis ab illo Et tua Camdene & Seldeni gloria crevit, Seldeni tarn juftitia quam jure periti. Ingentes dominos titulorum dote fuperbos Famofofqj Equites, fimul omnes fi periifTent, Quivis Rex Orbi potis eft renovare, beatum CoTTONi pedlus nulla eft reparabile cera. Ingenio quicunqj vigent tua te6la frequenter Vifebant tanquam a Phoebo refponfa petentes. Nunc Oracla filent. Sed non fchediafmate tantae Oceanum laudis liceat fuperare, mifellum Nefcio quid gaudens ad amici jufta litafle, Omnia comple(Sl:ar celebrat Wigornia verbis Queis Neckami obitum, crefcitq; in carmine verum " Ecclipfim patitur fapientia, fol fepelitur. " Cui fi par vnus minus eflet flebile funus." (From end of " Epiftola Thomae Mori ad Academ," &c. 1633. See our Introdu6lion.) LATIN POEMS. 277 XXIII. De Pvteo San6li Edwardi in Aedibus CoTTONiANis fub ejus obitum exarefcente. * * * "PXceflit CoTTONE tuus cum fpiritus aura Coelorum gaudens liberiore frui, Arefcit fons ille facer de nomine di6lus Regis qui Anglorum Iustinianus erat. Quae vivo tibi non vnquam defecit in vfus. Cum moreris latices fubtrahit vnda fuos. Sit Letherheade tuus gurges non fabula vulgi. Sitq, Breretonia certa palude fides. Sint Regum auguftas mortes rutilante cometa, Vt decoret mortem Regia lympha tuam. Res memoranda magis tamen eft Annalibus, omnis Anglia quod pro te non fluat in lachrymas. Pro Varrone fuo, pro Britone Cynobelino, Qui illam tanquam vngues noverat & digitos. Quae Reges, quze Barones non parturit aetas ? Sed tibi vix dederint faecula cundta parem. {Ibid.) XXIV. Epicedivm Magiftri Thomae Alleni de Aula Glouceftrenfi. Cafdim quod Daemonicos fonat, ignorantes Chaldasos ducunt caeleftia pedlora, primi A 278 LATIN POEMS. Qui radio in certas traxerunt fidera leges, Chaldaei vocis Cheledh ab origine pura Dicendi magis egregie, qua voce notari Camporum aut fimilis facies difFufa per amnes Aut menfurandi ratio Geometrica poffit. Chald^is quod divine fenex tibi contigit, alta Coelorum fecreta tibi cognofcere curas Cum fuerat, plebi fallaxq; magufq; videris, Sed plebi indoilae, quam fi vel baltheus ambit Vel toga, tu fpernens Temper, virtute quieta Compofitus femperq; tuus ; non degener arte Principibus placuifTe viris. Nee jun6la mathefi Fama minor, veterum qua fcripta & gefta revolvens Eruis in lucem. Sic cum te fata vocarent. Supra hyemes vitae poft nonaginta peradlas Mortem non metuens optanfve ad fydera migras. [Ibid.) IX. REASONS CONCERNING THE ATTEMPTS ON THE LIVES OF GREAT PERSONAGES. NOTE. This remarkable Letter (on which fee our Introdu£tion) is No. 34 of the Bodleian MSS. The late Mr. Corfer quoted from it confiderably, but with puzzling and again unchara6teriftic incorreft- nefs. 1 have given the Latin quotations from lefs-known writers in extenfo ; but long ones from Cicero, St. Auguftine, Tertullian, and others readily acceffible, I merely quote the commencements of, with references to their Works. The following contraftions may here be noted : — q, = que, gct __ fcilicet (once). .n., better "n* = enim. & = et. yct -- videlicet (once). yCj yt = the, that. s-- = fir, oes = omnes (once). botes = homines (once). U, U:=: Um. Alfo ij is conftantly written where we (hould print ii or ji. a ufually has the accent or cui-ved mark above it when it is a fepa- rate word. u where we ufe v, and vice verfa, is common, a James always wrote, both for ae and ce. — G. i^m ^^^mr^ WR ^^; ^^o 1,'pN^!^ i^^^ :^^ Wl^ ^T^^^V^ i^^ ^^S-ri^" 1 Sf^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^k ^^s^ A^^^rajgii^*S ^lo k^fflSi ^^A :IR,ifyou pleafetolearne my minde concerning attempts on y** lives of great pcrfonages, I fhall eafily fay you manie reafons why this cannot be donne with pietie and religion. Firll:, becaufe in ftorie fuch actions are hatefuU under the name of afTaflination, the originall of which vntill we be more cleerely en formed from the late excellent Syrian and Arabic colle6lion of Golius, is by Jacobus de Vitriaco thus fett downe in his brief of the Jerufalem hiftorie — ' Jn pro- vincia autem Phaenicis, circa fines civitatis Anteradenfis, quae hodie vulgariter appellatur Tortofa, quidam populus fcopulis et montibus vndiq^ circumclufus inhabitat, habens caftella decem fortiflima, et propter viarum angusftias et rupes inacccflibilesinexpugnabilior, cum fubvrbanis, et valli- bus omnium fru6tuum et frugum fcrtilitate faecundiflimis, et amaenitate jucundis. Horum autem hominum, qui Afla- fmi nuncupantur, quadraginta millium numerum excedere dicitur multitudo. Pntficiunt autem fibi Capitancum non fucceflione haereditaria, fed meritorum prjcrogativa, quem ipfi Veterem feu Senem appellant, non tam provectae astatis ratione, quam prudentia; et dignitatis pntminentia. Primus o o 282 REASONS CONCERNING THE ATTEMPTS autem et fummus infauftae religionis eorum Abbas, et locus, vnde principium habuerunt, et a quo Syriam venerunt, in partibuseft Orientalibus valderemotis verfus civitatem Balda- cenfem, et partes Perfidis provinciae. Hi autem vngulam non findentes, neq, facrum a prophano difcernentes, omnem indifFerenter obedientiam fuperiori fuo exhibitam, fibi cre- dunt efTe vita aeternae meritoriam. Vnde tanto fubje6tionis et obedientiae vinculo magiftro fuo, ^obliguntur quern Se- nem nominant aftringuntur, quod nil ita periculofum eft et difficile, quod ad mandatum domini fui hilari animo et ardenti voluntate ampledli et perficere vereantur. Senex autem dominus eorum, pueros de populo illo in locis fecretis et deleilabilibus facit nutriri, et diverfis idiomatum generi- bus diligenter imbutos et inftrudtos ad varias provincias mittit cum cultellis et potentes homines tam ex Chriftianis quam ex Saracenis, vel quia ex aliqua caufa habet eos odio, vel ad preces amicorum fuorum, feu etiam propter immenfae pecuniae pretium fibi datum mandat occidi ; promittens propter hujus mandati executionem longe majores delicias habituros fine fine in paradifo poft mortem, quam fint lllae in quibus fuerunt enutriti. Quod fi propter hujufmodi obedientiam eos mori contigerit, martyres a fuis judicantur, et inter fanilos ab illo populo deputati in fumma habentur reverentia. Parentes autem eorum a magiftro, qui Senex dicitur, multis muneribus ditati, fi fervi fuerant, de caetero liberi dimittuntur. Vnde miferi et fedu6li adolefcentes de conventu praedidlorum fratrum ad varias partes mundi tranf- 1 ' Obliguntur ' is in the MS. erafed ON THE LI FES OF GREAT PERSONAGES. 283 miflas cum tanto gaudio et defiderio legationem mortiferam fufcipiunt, cum tanta diligentia et foUicitudine perficiunt, ^Qic varijs modis transfigurantes, et aliarum nationum ritus et habitum fibi afTumentes, aliquando in fpecie mercatorum, quandoq^ in fpecie Clcricorum feu Monachorum, et infini- tis alijs modis kk occultantes, quod vix aliquis in vniverfo niundo adeo cantus eft, qui fibi poffit ab eorum infidiis prae- cavere. Contra inferiores perfonas aliquid machinari dedig- nantur. Potentes autem, quibus ipfi adverfantur, vel pretio magno fe redimunt, vel armati incedentes cum caterva fatellitii, cum fufpicione et metu mortis femper incedunt.' Secondly, becaufe this do6lrine of aflaflination is ab- hominable vnto y'' reformed Churches and other more moderate Catholiques in the pra6life and aflertions of y^ Jefuites, againft whome manie excellent writings are ex- tant, and amongft them to my efteeme that one moft me- morable brief treatife called y*" Franc Difcourfe. Thirdly, becaufe the do6lrine and prailife of y*" primitive Chriftians is heerein fully oppofite, as maye apeere from theis places of Tertullian in his book to Scapula Governour of Carthage, and his Apologie againft the Gentiles. * Nos quidem ' &c/ Fourthly, becaufe fuch violent attempts feldomme or never procure amendment, as w^e may fee in the Roman > From Ad Scapulam Liber, cap. i. He iillb quotes from cap. 2. " Circa Majeftatem imperatoris . , . et lalvum velit," &c., and •' Et vtiq, ex difciplina . . , modeftia agimus ;" alfo from his Apolo- geticus, cap. 37, " Externi fumus et . . . quam occidere ; " and cap. 36, " Male velle, male facere . . . per deum tantus eft." 284 REASONS CONCERNING THE ATTEMPTS empire : How often did they with Lucan feeke Libertie in the ruine of their princes, and yet were at laft forced to the wonder of Tacitus, through defpaire rather to fall on them- felves. Neither will any man thincke that the privie buUetts which ftrooke the Prince of Orange twice, gaind yeither grownd or glorie to the Spanifli Nation. Of which adle Grotius writes and concludes an heroique poeme in this high rapture and difdaigne. Evenere Tagi nunquam caritura pudore Crimina, queis nondum reperere vocabula linguae, &c. &c.^ Cicero was a man inferiour to none in civill vertue whileft he livd, and fo with incomparable courage and wifedomme in his confulfhippe difperfed and defeated the impious con- fpiracie of Catuline ; for which fervice he bore defervedly the Title of pater patrice, yet in Brutus he apprehended aKoivmmovTTi, fommething an unfociable nature ; and for this fourth reafon, as it feemes, leaft the exemple might proove daungerous to better times, he would not by any meanes in his privacie attempt on Julius Caefar. Of whome and Pompey, Catullus faid truely focer generq^ perdidiftis omnia. Wherefore his fecond Philippic though otherwife according to the feafon, various of cenfure, hath a replie vnto M. Antonie after this manner — Tu vero afcribe me, &c. &c. ^ What that fentence of Cicero was, himfelf ' From Hug. Giotii Poemata, Silvae, Lib. i., Genealogia Nafla- vioriim, ad finem. ^ From Cicero, Philipp. 2, ch. 13, § 33 : ch. 14, § 34: alio ch. ^5> § 37-38> " Fateor ... in hac vibe manfifles,'' (&c. ON THE LI FES OF GREAT PERSONAGES. 285 hath before expreft in his firft Philippic in theis words ' Nee a rep, deijiebam oculos ' &c. &c/ And afTuredly this civill oblivion is worthy the confultation of all trve patriotes, and to it the Scripture addes Beati pacijici. Fifthly, for manie fpeciall reafons concerning the difcre- tion of attempting men, which are gathered together fomme- where in Michaell Mountaines effayes, of which in abfence of my book I have not now any perfe6l remembrance, but he that pleafes maye at better leafure retrive them in their proper place, and fo receive more fatisfa6lion. See alfo Thom. Aquinas, cap. vi. de regimine principum. Sixthly, becaufe, as Saint James faith, the wrath of man worlceth not that which is righteous before God. We ought to ftaye and abide his divine pleafure. In the next world potentes potenter tormenta patientur. And in this, if we rightly efteeme the matter, overruling tyrannous ftatifts goe not free of punifhment internally, externally, as Langius hath moft efFe6lually conceivd in the fecond booke of Lipfius his Conftancie. Audi, faith he, Romanum ilium lamentantem. Dij me Dca^c^ pejus perdant, quam perire cottidie fentio. Audi alterum ingemifcentem. Ergo ego folus nee amicum habeo nee inimicum ? Haec vera ilia animorum tormenta, Lipfi, hi cruciatus, angi fcmper, paenitere, metuere ; quibus cave compares eculeos vllos, fidiculas, vncos. — Adde externas paenas. quae tamcn fi defint cum priores illae irrogentur, quis cseleitcm juilitiam jufte culpet ? At non defunt. Nee factum unquam (certe ' Philip. I, ch. p. I, §1. 286 REASONS CONCERNING THE ATTEMPTS raro) quin aperte fcelefti et aliorum oppreflbres, paenas item luerint fpe6labiles et apertas ; alij citius, alij ferius : alij in fe, alij in fuis. — Video Catoni ipfi clavum hie tantum re6li judicij non extortum, et elicitam ab alto peftore ambiquam vocem. Res Divinas multum habere caliginis. Sed tamen tu Lipfi, tu Cato, fleilile paullum hue oculos : vnus ad- fpe6tus in gratiam vos reducet cum Deo. Caefarem ilium videte, fuperbum, vi6torem, opinione fua et aliorum jam Deum, in fenatu, et a fenatu interfe6tum. nee fimplici morte, fed viginti tribus plagis confe61:um, inftar ferae in fanguine fuo volutantem. Et quid amplius vultis ? in Pompeij curia, fuperftante Pompeij ftatua, magnam vi6ti- mam Magni manibus parentantem. Ita Brutus in campis Philippicis, pro patria, et cum patria moriens, mihi quoq^ miferationi eft. fed confolor idem, cum haut longe video vi6tores illos exercitus, velut ad ejus tumulum, gladiatorio more inter fe commifTos : et e ducibus alterum, M. Antoniu, terra mariq^ viitum, inter tres mulierculas, mulierofa ilia manu, aegre mortem invenientem. Vbi tu es Orientis ilia paullo ante dominus ? lanifta Romanorum exercituum ? Pompeij et reip. fe6lor ? En, in fune cruentis manibus pendes ! en, vivus in monimentum tuum repis ! en ne moriens quidem avelleris ab ea quae tibi morti ! Vide an vane vocem fupremam et votum illud efflaverit Brutus jam moriens. Zbu /xyi >Ji9oi ere tuv J' oj ainog Kanm. Non .n. latuit profeito, non effugit. non item ille alter Dux, qui paenam juvenilium fcelerum non obfcure in fe luit, et clarius in omni fua ftirpe. Sit felix et magnus Caefar, et vere Auguftus : fed filiam tamen Juliam habeat, fed neptem. ON THE LI FES OF GREAT PERSONAGES. 287 nepotes alios per fraudem per vim amittat, alios abdicet. at horum taedio, quatriduana inedia mori velit, nee poflit. Denicfi cum Livia fua vivat, faede duila, faede retenta : et quam turpi amore ipfe perijt, turpi morte per earn pereat. In fumma, inquit Plinius, Deus ille hzerede hoftis fui filio excedat Vigilat femper divinus ille oculus : et cum dor- mire eum cenfes, connivet. It hath feemd good to Lipfius to make Auguftus Caefar a monument of God's revendge on Tyrannic, and I fhall thincke it fitt to give one more inftance in the fame Emperours loofe delicious favorite Mecaenas. When his Mafter was once toucht with re- morfe of vfurpinge on the Roman flately freedomme, and by Agrippa his powerfuU remonftrance allmoft perfwaded to refigne his Tyrannic, the loofe vngirt Epicure Mecaenas held him back with flattering glofe of Rhethorique, and for a reward was for61: to fee and fuffer the proftitution of his faire Terentia, tortured with courte buifmefle and difeafes could not enjoye life, and yet abhord the thought of death as a paflidge to greater miferie. Whence Seneca in divers places records thus of him, Ingeniofus vir, &c. &:c. &c.' For theis reafons and many more, perfonages of State though they deferve ill, may not be violated mortally out of any man's religion and pietie. Yet that which is hifto- rically true, maye not be by a true man conceald. Manie nations haue do6trines to prefcrve them, manie nations are fuperftitious in adoration of their perfons. Yet in all ' Epiftola 19, and Seneca Lib. de Providentia, cap. 3 and Epift. loi — put together as if one paflage. 288 REASONS CONCERNING THE ATTEMPTS nations and ages, manie of them will ftill mifcarrie, if they be not zealous of juftice, not extreme juftice, but juftice with mercie, as it is in the Royal Oath of our Englifh princes, and juftice according vnto reafon and cuftome. To fuch juftice long fince the ould Hefiod invited the princes of his owne time in this long but moft memorable diverfion. Sed nunc fabulum a brutis defumptam Regibus narrabo quamvis ratione praeditis. Sic accipiter affatus eft lufciniam canoram Alte in nubibus ferens anguibus correptam : Ilia vero mifere, &c. &c. &c.^ To this brief exhortation of Hefiod, I wifli princes and great perfons, by whofe hands juftice ought to be admi- niftered, would joine in a ferious perufall. Many other excellent writings of Civill experienced men, fuch as are Ifocrates that long-livd peace-entertaining Orator, whoe fought the vnitie of the Grecians againft the barbarous Afian Tyrant through the whole fpace of his life. Dion Chryfoftome in his Orationes ^ie regno, Synefius the Noble Bifliop of Cyrene on the fame fubje6l, the good Trajan's excellent Tutor in his treatife ad principem ineruditum, and the books of our learned Chancellor Fortefcue De"^ laudibus legum five Regum Anglice and De Regimine politico legali. The Roman Emperors after Julius Caefar were ' Latin tranflation of Hefiod, Opera et Dies, vv. 200-278. * At firft James wrote in laudibus, then wrote de over the word In. ON THE LirES OF GREAT PERSONAGES. 189 for the mofte parte voluntarie men, ftudijing rather their owne will and pleafure then any waies and counfells of legall juftice; and what varietie of cruell deathes and cala- mities furprizd them is by Symphorianus Champerius, an auncient learned Frenchman collected to the aftonifhment of all readers. Even in the times of Chriftianitie vnder that fucceflion, all things were fo voluntarie and tumultuous as tis the maine Apologie of Chryfoftome why fuch great numbers of monaftick men retired themfelfe from civil! affaires into the better and more eafie converfation of defert woods and wilde beaftes. And therefore Saint Jerom allfo in his epitaph of Nepotian, cries out Horret animus temporum noftrorum ruinas perfequis : Their princes fuf- fered all manner of vnfortunate deaths, and their Nobles fell often, becaufe they did their owne rapines, their owne ambitions, their owne furies and not the gentle worcks of juftice. In thofe and the good confcience of them, the good Antoninus bore his owne fecuritie and reenforcd the gard of that, not by revendge, but clemencie. Nam cum forte Avidius CrafTus faith Crinitus in contemplation of that princelye heroique magnanimitie, alijque complures contra Antoninum Imperatorem confpiraflent, ac detecfla conjuratio eflet, parcendum omnibus ccnfuit Antoninus, nee Avidium quidem imperandi avidiilimum juiTit occidi fed pafTus eft. Cumcj^ tam egregiam ftngularemtj^ eius clementiam ac lenitatem plures accufarcnt, eundemq^ (vt funt varia hominum ingenia) pailim arguerent, quod tam mitis etiam in fuos hoftes foret : fimuk^., adderent, Aliter fe res haberet, ft Avidius viciflet, graviflime refponfum eft ab p p 2 90 REASONS CONCERNING THE ATTEMPTS Imperatore Antonino : Non fic deos colimus, aut yivimus, ut ille nos vinceret. and as Antonius fo before him liv'd Trajan, with exemple to all pofteritie mofte worthye of emulation. So little feare he had of being fecretly or openly violated, as he even fufferd thofe whoe had aflailed the Tyrannie of his predecefTors to be honoured with ftatues. So Plinie in his panegyrick, which for this reafon and to fett forth moft illuftrioufly the caufes of that prince's fecuritie, I will heere in parte defloure jam non dela- tores, faith he, fed leges, &c/ That theis things were truely fpoken of Trajan by his worthie counfellour Plinie, the belief of all pofteritie con- firmes, and tis a wonder vnto Bodin that princes of follow- ing times doe not make away themfelves, to conceive what glorie, what honour, what immortalitie of renovne, what fecuritie they loofe in not beinge like fuch a god-like prince. The brief of all that heerein may be truely fpoken by any one is, That if princes and principalities wilbe fafe, they muft purchafe the peoples loue by juftice, providence, clemencie, goodnefle. Otherwife extreme juftice, injuftice, and injurie. Neither can good men eafily brooke according • Jam non.j etc. from Panegyricus, ch. 36, § 2. Sors et vrna, &c. ch. 36, § 4; Liberalitali, &c. ibid. ch. 38, § 4 : Vetufti, &c. ibid. ch. 40, § 4 : Feres Caefar, &c. ch. 41, § i , § 2 : Non jam, &c. ibid. ch. 42, § 2 : Salva eft, &c. ibid. ch. 44, § 5 : Amas conftantiam, &c. ch. 44, § 6 : boni provehuntur, &c. ibid. ch. 46, § 8 : domus amoris, &c, ch. 49, § 2 : Praeterea hoc, &c. ibid, ch. 52, § 2, § 3, and § 5,andch. 55, § 6,asif"one paftage : perfta Caefar, &c. ch, 62, § 9 : Nihil amplius, &c. ibid. ch. 65, § I — § 2 : Tibi falusj &c. ibid. ch. 67, § 6 : Nihil tibi, &c. ch. 72, § 3, §4. ON THE LIVES OF GREAT PERSONAGES. 291 to Hefiod, and evill men will not, hurried on to mifchief by their owne rapine and ambition, for which they will finde out faire colourable pretences. If the firft ftirre they doe it with forrowe, cryinge out, not of will but neceflitie. Qui fita pecora il lupo lo mangia, if we will not be toren to peeces by the wolves, wee muft not be altogether fheepifh. If the others fucceede in their malice, neighbour people will fay with Petrarch, Quo turpior manus eo melior vin- didla. Wherefore I faye with Dion Chryfoftome ; Theis things have binne, and wilbee ever true, etiamfi o[mn]es ho[min]es, tarn viri quani foeminae, tarn Graeci quam Bar- bari, contrariu affirmarint. A larger fubjedl of difcourfe a man can hardely vndertake then this concerning the punc- tualities of governement and obedience, yet I fhall not hazard my difcretion in faying much more ; but will end with one onely memoriall, which I may feeme to have forgott in my third reafon from the exemple of the primi- tive Xtians. They indcede were altogether men of evangelicall fufferance, but in after ages when governe- ment was changeable, fommetimes in the hands of Xtians, fommetimes againe recovered by the Gentiles, they did not faile on yeither fide to doe mutuall violence, which in them bothe is by the Empcrour Julian in an epiftle of his to the people of Alexandria thus reprehended. Si nihil vos Alexander conditor, ac potius Deus ille magnus fandliffimus Sarapis commovet, attamen patriae, humanitatis, officij ratio nonne debuit ac potuit commovere ? addo etiam noftri : quos cum Dii omnes turn vero inprimis magnus Serapis, totius Orbis imperio praefecerunt : quorum intererat de 291 REASONS CONCERNING THE ATTEMPTS, ETC. injuria vobis fadla cognofcere. Verum iracundia vos for- tafle decepit, et furor qui atrociflima quaeq^ folet committere, vbi mentem domicilio exturbavit, deinde repentino impetu elatus nefarii facinus induxit : Neq^ veriti eftis, cum plebs efTetis, eadem committere quae in illis merito reprehende- batis. — Anfus eft populus vt canes hominem difcerpere, neq^ pudore afficitur : neq^ manus puras ac fanguine vacuas fervat, ad deo offerendum. At .n. dignus erat Georgius qui talia pateretur. Fateor ; et qui propter vos pateretur ; fed non a vobis. Sunt .n. leges, quas obfervare omnes et colere debebatis : ac fi privatim a nonnullis violarentur, publice quidem rem bene adminiftrari, legibus obtemperari, inftituta majorum fanfta et facra haberi conveniebat. NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. VI. \OEMS and TranJIations, i^c. — Page 204, 1. 2, ' relent ' — by r. g. but = melt, diffolve : 1. 21, ^ table' — qu. = panel? 1. 24, 'jic- ture' = clay-work or reliefs (fidlor) : p. 205, 1. 5, ' Ench'irldiair = manual: p. 206, 1. 3, 'ter- riers' = rolls (Law term): 1. 18, ' Epicure' = Epicu- rus: p. 207, 1. 18, 'Jhend' = abufe, mar, &c. : p. 210, 1. 8, ' vilde' = vile, wicked : 1. 16, 'partes a figg' — as we fay, 'makes two bites of a cherry:' p. 213, 1. 22, * bends ' — -ftc — qu. bands or locks (of hair) ? p. 214, * red- haird man ; f colour doth not Jhatne,' Sec. See Appendix to Introduction, on James's own 'red hair': p. 215, 1. 21, * Norricey &cc. — all well-known hero-worthies of Eng- land : 1. 21J, ' rejlie' = reftive: p. 218, 1. 10, 'wood' = wud, mad : p. 220, * M^ I. S.* — probably Selden : p. 223, * Fnthanghs ' = un-hangs, unties ? p. 225, * Malepard'^ pard : p. 233, 1. 15, 'japes' = jefts : p. 235, ' Pofidippus 294 NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. on Humane Life^ — Cf. the verfe tranflation by Bacon in Poems of Lord Bacon (Fuller Worthies' Library) : p. 240, 'A Funerall^ Sec: 1. 7, 'rathe' = early: p. 241,1. 5, * teeme ' = efteem : p. 242, 1. 9, 'fpeake ' = fpeed r.g. VIIL Latin Poems, &c. — The following are the only names that feem to require annotation — others are obfcure, and probably were friends of James met with abroad. Again I draw upon Mr. Corfer, as before : — L Dr. Sebastian Benfield. — Sebaftian Benfield was born at Preftbury, in Gloucefterfhire ; admitted fcho- lar of C. C. C. Oxford, 30th of Auguft, 1586, at the age of feventeen, and Probationer Fellow, i6th of April, 1590. He entered into holy orders, and in 1608 became B.D. and D.D., and five years afterwards was eledled Margaret Profeflbr of Divinity. This office he held for fourteen years, and on refigning it took the College living of Meyfey Hampton, near Fairford, in Gloucefterfhire ; and dying there Augufl 24th, 1630, was buried in the chancel of that church on the 29th. " He was noted as a claffic, difputant, and theologifl, and fo well read in the fathers and fchoolmen, that he had fcarce his equal in the Univer- fity." Wood fays that he was morofe, and of no good nature ; alfo, that he was accounted no mean lover of the opinions of John Calvin. He publifhed feveral works, and volumes of fermons. — Wood's " Ath. Oxon." vol. ii. p. 487. — {Ibid. p. Ixvii.) His commentary on " Amos " (un- finifhed) is flill a ^uick book. Any ad verfe opinion ex- NOTES AND I LLUSTRAriONS . 295 prefled by Anthony a-Wood muft always be taken, not with a grain, but a bufliel of allowance of fait. V. Edward James. — This was the fourth fon of Richard James and Jane Annernon his wife. He was bom in 1570, educated at Weftminfter School, and ele61:ed from thence to Chrift Church, Oxford, as Student, in 1587, having matriculated December 15th, 1587, as " Hampto- nenfis pleb. filius." He proceeded to his degree of B.A. June 9th, 1591, and M.A. May nth, 1593. ^^^ ^'^^^ after entering into holy orders, on the 8th January, 1604, he was inftituted to the re6lory of Frefhwater, in the Ifle of Wight, on the prefentation of Lord Chancellor Egerton, on the recommendation of Lord Baron Fleming. In 1614 he became Canon of Chrift Church, and on the i6th May in that year was admitted to the degree of D.D. along with his brother Thomas. He was alfo an eminent fcholar, and a conftant contributor of verfes to fome of the poetical coUecSlions which members of the Univerfity were fre- quently accuftomed to produce on occafions of public inte- reft. Amongft others of this kind there are verfes of his on " Oxonienfis Academije Funebre Officium in memo- riam honoratiflimam fereniflimas et beatillimae Elizabethae " (4". Oxon. 1603). He died in 161 6. His will is dated January 26th, 161 6, and was proved in the Univerfity Court February 4th, 16 16, by the executor, Andrew James. Among other bequefts he gives " all the goods and chattels at or in his parfonage of Frefhwater, to his brother, Andrew James, Gent,, who is to pay yearly out of the fame ;^io unto Richard James of Corpus Chrifti 296 NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. College, Oxford, M.A., his nephew." From the prefent poem it appears that the "ftone" was the complaint of which he died. (From Rev. Thomas Corfer's Introd. to " Iter Lancaftrenfe/' pp. xxvi-xxix ; whence alfo the poem is taken after the Bodleian MSS.) VIII. Dr. Thomas Jackson. — Dr. Thomas Jackfon, a voluminous writer of fermons and other theological works, and deferving, for his great learning and attainments, to be confidered one of the Englifh fathers of the Church, was born at Witton, in the county of Durham, in 1579. He was firfl: a ftudent of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1595^ but ele6led a Scholar of C. C. C. in the following year, and Probationer Fellow thereof on the loth of May, 1606, being then M.A. ; at which time. Wood fays, that **he had laid the grounds carefully, in arithmetic, grammar, philology, geometry, rhetoric, logic, philofophy, the Oriental languages, hiftory, with an infight in heraldry and hiero- glyphics, &c. All which, however, he made ufe of to ferve either as rubbifh under the foundation, or as drudges and day-labourers, to theology." In 1622 he proceeded D.D. ; and foon after was made Vicar of St. Nicholas, in Newcaftle-upon-Tyne ; and at length eleiled Prefident of C. C. C. (chiefly through the exertions of Archbifhop Laud), Chaplain in ordinary to the King, Prebendary of Winchefter, Vicar of Witney, in Oxfordfhire, and Dean of Peterborough. Dr. Jackfon died September 21ft, 1640, in the fixty-firfl: year of his age, and was buried in the chapel of his own College. Of a deep and penetrating judgment, and various and profound learning, none wrote with more NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 297 vigour and earneftnefs, againft the Church of Rome, than he did. A complete colle6lion of his works was publifhed in three vols, folio, in 1672-3, with a Life of the Author prefixed. It is to be noted that the occafion of this poem was the reception of a copy of the Bible as a New Year's gift. (From Mr. Corfcr's Introdu6lion to " Iter Lancaf- trenfe," as before, pp. Ixvii-viii ; after Bodleian MS.) XI. Written in Russia, i 6 18. — See our Introduction on our Author's travels in Ruffia. From MS. No. 13. XII. Comet seen in Russia. — Ibid. XIII. At Moscow. — Uid. XVIII. Dr. John Fleming. — Mary, eldeft daughter of Richard James and Jane Annernon, and fifter to Dr. Thomas James, married Sir Thomas Fleming, Knt., of Stoneham, in the county of Southampton, Chief Juftice of England, who died in 16 13, by whom fhe had fifteen children, eight of whom furvived their father. James's eldeft brother, Andrew, alfo married Margaret, daughter and heirefs of John Fleming, of Garcombe, — fo that there was a double connecJtion between thefe two families. Dr. John Fleming appears to have been the fourth fon of the Chief Juftice, and firft coufin, by marriage, to James. (Ibid. p. Ixix.) XXI. Ad Librum, 1625. — From " Ante-Poflevinus, five Concio habita ad Clerum in Acad. Oxon. An. Dom. 1625. Authore Richardo Jamefis Socio C. C. C. Vedtenfi. Oxon. 1625 " (4".) The text is 2 Timothy iv. 13. XXII. Sir Robert Cotton. — P>om "EpiftolaThoma? Mori ad Academiam Oxon : cui adjedta funt quaedam 298 NOTES AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Poemata in mortem Clariffimi Viri Roberti Cottoni et Thomae." See our Introduction for James's relations with this renowned antiquary and fine old Englifh gentleman. XXIII. De Puteo Sancti Edwardi, &c. — Ibid. "Alleni. Oxon. 1633" (4"). XXIV. Thomas Allen. — Ibid. He was born at Uttoxeter in 1542 ; educated at Trinity College, Oxford; died, 1632. He was diftinguifhed as a mathematician, and ftill more fo as an ' Aftrologer ' when aftrology was believed in. The Earl of Leicefter wifhed to make him a bifhop, but he never took orders. He was the friend of Camden, Spelman, Cotton, James, &c. Elias Afhmole edited fome of his Works, e.g. i. Claudii Ptolemei Pelus. de Aftrorum judiciis aut ut vulgo vocant, quadripartitae conftruilionis, Liber fecundus, cum Expofitione Th. Allen Angli-Oxonienfis. 2. Ejufdem Lib. Tertius. See Biogr. Brit. f. n. and Elias Afhmole. A. B. G. FINIS. CHISWICK press; C. WHITTINGHAM, TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE. 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