LIBRARY University of California. ^ ■ - GIFT OF Class c- aSifSK.. FIFTEEN YEARS OF CIVIC HISTORY Civic Club of Allegheny Connty Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania OCTOBER 1895 DECEMBER 1910 FIFTEEN YEARS OF CIVIC HISTORY Civic Club of Allegheny County Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania V INCORPORATED SEPTEMBER J8, J396 OCTOBER 1895 DECEMBER 1910 \^^,rfe /iI/H Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2008 witii funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/fifteenyearsofciOOciviricli A FOREWORD. It has been thought well to present to our mem- bers at this time a written detailed resume' of the activ- ities of the Club during the fifteen years that have elapsed since its organization, not only as a matter of interest, but as a permanent record of our various lines of work. Many of our members who do not actively participate in the affairs of the Club will doubtless be surprised at the work revealed by this recapitulation, the briefest enumeration of which has required the printing of such a lengthy report. Organized fitfteen years ago by a committee from the Twentieth Century Club, with the avowed purpose of promoting civic and sociologic advancement in every possible way, the Club has quietly but persistently car- ried on a campaign to that end ; sometimes with greater aggressiveness than at otjiers, but on the whole steadily increasing in membership and usefulness until, on its fifteenth anniversary, it has an enrollment of seven hun- dred men and women and a well established place in Pittsburgh's annals as an organization that has been and is an important factor in all that pertains to our city's proper development. Our Club has itself initiated and promoted a notice- ably large proportion of the progressive movements for civic betterment that have reached successful culmina- tion since its organization, and has co-operated with other associations in similar efforts. In its principal undertakings the Club has remark- ably few failures to record. One of its chief character- istics, as well as one of the elements of its success, has been its quiet persistency. Its methods have never been spectacular, and while it has not infrequently met with temporary defeat, it has kept right on, with patience and dignity, sometimes for years, to eventual success. Its primary object is to achieve results; and, while not 1 '^r? I o Civic Club of Allegheny County afraid to criticize where criticism might serve good pur- pose, its policy in the main has. been to work with material as it finds it, with a co-operative, rather than a critical, antagonistic spirit. The Board chronicles with great sorrow the death during office of one of its four Presidents — Miss Kate Cassatt McKnight. In the passing away of this grand woman, whose labors in behalf of her city and her fel- lowman were so unflagging, not only this Club but the city suffered an irreparable loss. The Board desires to express its appreciation of and extend its thanks to the various chairmen of depart- ments and committees and the working members there- of, who have so generously contributed their best thought and much personal service to the promotion of the many laudable undertakings of those departments; and it feels that, while valuing to the full the earnest work of all, it may with propriety single out for special mention that of the Soho Baths Committee, whose labors, extending through a period of years, have been so arduous and so signally successful. The Board gratefully acknowledges the indebted- ness of the Club to Mrs. William Thaw, Jr., by whose generosity Pittsburgh, through our Club, was given its first public bath house — our fine structure on Penn Ave- nuej known as the Peoples Baths. The Board also feels that the Club has been especially fortunate in having for its Secretary one so capable, untiring and devoted as Miss Helena Marie Dermitt ; who has given herself so unreservedly to ad- vancing the interests of the Club, largely increasing her regular, constant and all-absorbing duties by the prep- aration of this report which has involved a vast amount of labor; for all of which the Board here records its sincere appreciation. By the Board. OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS of the CIVIC CLUB OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY 1910—1911. President HON. WILLIAM M. KENNEDY 1st Vice President MRS. FRANKLIN P. lAMS 2nd Vice President MR. OLIVER McCLINTOCK 3rd Vice President MR. CORNELIUS D. SCULLY 4th Vice President. MR. ROBERT C. HALL Treasurer MRS. WILLIAM THAW, JR. Secretary- Miss H. M. DBRMITT Directors MR. HAROLD ALLEN MRS. CLIFFORD D. CLANEY DR. THOMAS W. GRAYSON MISS HELEN GRIMES MR. CHARLES W. HOUSTON MR. FREDERICK G. KAY MR. THOMAS J. KEENAN MRS. W. M. LEATHERMAN MRS. ALFRED LONGMORE MRS. WILLIAM MACRUM MISS EMILIE McCREERY DR. S. B. McCORMICK MRS. ENOCH RAUH MR. WILLIAM A. ROBERTS MRS. WILLIAM H. STEVENSON MRS. GILLIFORD B. SWEENY MR. FREDERICK S. WEBSTER MRS. WILLIAM T. WHITMAN Civic Club of Allegheny County NOTEi: In order to follow without interruption the individual movements undertaken by the Civic Club, they are headed under the year the work was initiated and carried through to completion. The continuous activity of the Club cannot be judged by the number or kinds of new work begun each year for the prolongation of such efforts, since Pure Water, Smoke, Associated Charities, Anti-Expectoration, Tene- ment House, Child Labor, The Allegheny County In- dustrial and Training School and many others, carried a vast amount of labor into the years following their initiation: an inheritance that affected certain years more than others. Civic Club op Allegheny County ORGANIZATION The Civic Club of Allegheny 1895 County was organized October 8, 1895, as the result of a meeting called June 4, 1895, by a special committee of the Twen- tieth Century Club, composed of Miss Kate C. Mc- Knight, Miss Julia M. Harding, Mrs. Imogen B. Oak- ley, Mrs. F. F. Nicola and Mrs. John B. Herron, Jr. It was originally planned to incorporate a Depart- ment of Civics in the general program of the Century Club work, but as the title suggests better municipal government, improved social conditions, increased edu- cational opportunities and a more beautiful city in which to live, so the object involved the co-operation of the busy businessman in order to study in detail any one of these civic problems. To quote the Pittsburgh "Post" of October 9, 1895, "The credit of starting this movement belongs to the Twentieth Century Club. At the initiation of this or- ganization of women, a large assemblage of citizens gathered last evening in the rooms of the Club, 408 Penn Avenue. Preachers, lawyers, doctors and business men were there accompanied by their wives, who took as much interest in the movement as the men." The Woman's Health Protective Association, a small society of women, which had already done much good in its short period of existence, was quickly merged with the new movement. From the first the organization, which was founded on broad lines, seemed to appeal to the sound judgment and good will of men and women alike, and resulted in the formation of this independent agency that has had to meet unexpected demands and new opportunities with efficiency and foresight in order that the work of to-day may not have to be undone to-morrow. The purpose of The Civic Club of Allegheny County has been verified by a few of the things it accomplished in its first fifteen years. Civic Club of Allegheny County It initiated; THE PLAYGRIOUND MOVEMENT IN PITTSBURGH AND ALLEGHENY. THE WORK OF THE LEGAL AID SOCIETY OE PITTSBURGH. THE PUBLIC OBSERVANCE OF ARBOR DAY. THE FREE MEDICAL INSPECTION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. It conducted: The public campaign for PURE WATER. A vigorous campaign for SMOKE PREVEN- TION. It secured by municipal legislation: THE MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL (erected above •• Grant Boulevard). THE FIRST TUBERCULOSIS PAVILION (erected at Marshalsea). THE TREE COMMISSION OF PITTS- BURGH. It drafted and is responsible for: THE TENEMENT HOUSE LAWS governing cities of the second class in PENNSYL- VANIA. THE ANTI-EXPECTORATION ORDI- NANCES forbidding expectoration on the streets, in street cars and public places. Civic Club of Allegheny County The law providing the ALLEGHENY COUNTY INDUSTRIAL AND TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BOYS (located at Thorn Hill, Mar- shall Township, on the Butler, Harmony & New Castle R. R.) It organized : THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES OE PITTS- BURGH. THE CHILD LABOR ASSOCIATION OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. THE JUVENILE COURT OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY, in conjunction with the Perma- nent Civic Committee of Women's Clubs. It owns and operates two public bath houses : THE PEOPLE'S BATHS, valued at.$ 71,000.00 THE SOHO BATHS, valued at 120,000.00 These and many other progressive and preventive measures have been advanced by the Civic Club. Their accomplishment has been obtained by a devotion to the public welfare through an active and generous ser- vice-giving membership in whose faithful personal per- formance of the duties involved is found the answer to the Club's right to exist and to demand the earnest con- sideration of the citizens of Pittsburgh. PRESIDENTS The first officers of the Club were appointed on the date of the meeting called to organize, to serve six months. Professor John A. Brashear acted as Chairman for this period. Hon. 10 Civic Club of Allegheny County Henry Kirke Porter was the first President and served from May, 1897 to December, 1899; Hon. William M. Kennedy, the second President, from December, 1899, to December, 1900; Mr. Edwin Z. Smith, the third Presi- dent, from December, 1900, to November, 1902 ; Miss Kate Cassatt McKnight, the fourth President, from No- vember, 1902, until her death, August, 1907. Hon. William M. Kennedy, the first Vice President at the time of Miss McKnight's death, served as acting Presi- dent until the Annual Meeting in November, 1907, wh n he was elected fifth President of the Civic Club. Mr. Kennedy has been one of the officers or a director on the Board since the Civic Club's inception. That his loyalty to its work and aims has been unceasing through fifteen years is evidenced by the fact that on its anniversary in 1910, he was re-elected for the fifth time to serve as its President. TREASURERS The office of Treasurer has been filled by five successive incumbents. Mr. John B. Jackson was appointed at the first meeting and served until May, 1897. From this date Mr. James R. Mellon served to October, 1898; Mr. T. H. B. Mc- Knight from October, 1898, to October, 1902; Mrs. Lil- lian Marshal Brown from October, 1902, to February, 1903. Mrs. William Thaw, Jr., was elected February, 1903, and with her re-election in 1910 for the eighth time continues faithfully to serve the Civic Club in this ex- acting and responsible capacity as its fifth treasurer. SECRETARIES The office of Secretary has exper- ienced a greater number of changes. During several periods an officer pro tem filled the gap between definite appointments. Mrs. Mary Biddle An- Civic Club of Allegheny County 11 derson, Secretary of the Educational Department, dur- ing an exceptionally busy period rendered valuable ser- vice in the first years of the Club's work. Mr. James O. Handy was the Club's first Secretary, followed by Mrs. Imogene B. Oakley, Mr. Curtis G. Hussey, Mrs. Susan Elwing Hays, Mrs. Herbert L. Stitt, Miss Mary Y. Wheeler, Mrs. Dallas Albert, Miss Hannah Patterson and Miss Helena Marie Dermitt. DEPARTMENT OF The Chairmen of the Depart- GOVERNMENT ments of Government have been Mr. E. Z. Smith, who served until 1898; Mr. Edwin L. Mattern, from 1899 to 1902; Mr. Charles B. Price, from 1902 to 1908. From this date the President has made the appointment of com- mittees under this department. EDUCATIONAL The Educational Department has DEPARTMENT been most ably conducted by Mrs. David Kirk from October, 1895 to June, 1896 ; Miss Beulah Kennard from 1896 to Novem- ber, 1901. Following this date Mrs. George H. Wilson, Mrs. J. J. Covert and Miss Nannie Mackrell filled the office consecutively until Mrs. William Macrum took the chair in November, 1905. In January, 1907, owing to ill health, Mrs. Macrum resigned the ofifice to Mrs. James L. Francis, w'ho in turn directed the work of the department until January, 1909, when with her change of residence, Mrs. Macrum again resumed the ofifice, and is at present its very efficient Chairman. By her good judgment, firmness and capable management Mrs. Macrum has rendered invaluable service through this Department. 12 Civic Club of Allegheny County SOCIAL SCIENCE The Social Science Department DEPARTMENT has been equally fortunate in its quota of Chairman. Dr. Frank LeMoyne was appointed with the organization of the Civic Club, and served until January, 1898. Mr. Robert D. McGonnigle, Mrs. F. F. Nicola and Miss Mary Lippin- cott presided in turn until 1903, when Mrs. Franklin P. lams was appointed. Not only has Mrs. lams been a directing executive in this department but as Chairman of the Legislative Committee has assisted every other department with its laws and ordinances. She has largely anticipated and actively followed the work of every committee in the Club as its First Vice President for the same number of years, and not only has given more liberally of her time and strength than the law allows, but has given to the city the benefit of her study and careful observation of existing conditions. Through countless interviews, intercessions and some interferences, where it has been necessary, she has been a potent factor in all movements that look toward the betterment of the city. DEPARTMENT The Department of Art has been OF ART served by four Chairmen ; Mr. Frank S. Bissell, Mrs. William Thaw, Jr., Miss Ida Smith and Mr. John W. Beatty. PURE WATER The opening year, in fact the first 1895 meeting of the Civic Club, held October, 1895, was auspicious through its presentation to the public of the necessity of a pure water supply for Pittsburgh. In 1893 several organizations had held a meeting for this purpose, but nothing more had been done until the Citizens League Civic Club of Allegheny County 13 of the Unitarian Church made a bacteriological test and public illustration of the possibility of sand filtra- tion. Mr. James O. Handy, a member of the League and Recording Secretary of the Civic Club at that time, was a leader in the movement, and following the erec- tion of a sand filter on the church property in Septem- ber, 1895, directed the Civic Club Board in an active campaign to bring the matter before the public. The October meeting was followed by a mass meeting in December of the same year and others in February and June of 1896, when various speakers described methods followed in other countries. Nothing of moment was done from this time until December, 1903, when the Butler epidemic prompted the Civic Club to petition Mayor Hays and the Councils to take more speedy remedial measures for furnishing a purer supply of water. From this time, in each year through to 1906, public attention was called to this supremely important mat- ter. Petitions were sent to the medical societies and chemists, to Director Ridgeway and the Board of Health, urging them to take steps toward having the traction companies post signs in their cars to "boil the drinking water". These signs were also put on hy- drants and in conspicuous places. The Civic Club may fairly claim a large share of the success of this move- ment, which was taken up and ably forwarded by others. Following the appointment of a Water Filtration Com- mission and the appropriation of over four million dol- lars, the crystallization of the agitation came in the building of the Filtration Plant at Aspinwall. GARBAGE The passage of ordinances in Pittsburgh 1895 and Allegheny, January and February, 1895, regulating the disposal of garbage, was due to the efforts of the Woman's Health Protec- 14 Civic Club of Allegheny County tive Association. Immediately upon its assimilation with the Civic Club its endeavors were continued in the Social Science Department. The desirability of placing cans or boxes in public places for the receipt of waste paper and the like was advocated and in 1896 and 1897 a number of cans were purchased and placed in the streets where the public and the school children could assist in keeping the streets clean. The granting of the provision empowering the city to remove and dispose of the garbage was followed by a serious consideration of the city's facilities to per- form the obligation imposed upon the Bureau of Health. The Civic Club's agitation of this question directly re- sulted in the passage of ordinances in both cities grant- ing the contract for the regular collection of such waste, to private companies. It was not intended at the time that this arrange- ment should be permanent, as even then it was deemed extravagant. The passage of the yearly contract ordi- nance, however, has held in abeyance the object sought in that time, viz. : the scientific and up-to-date method adopted in other cities through a municipal incineration plant. In 1908 the Civic Club heartily endorsed Dr. Edward's plans and recommendations for the removal and disposal of waste by the municipality. It earnestly hopes the necessary money may soon be available for the building of an incineration plant in accordance with the plans as authorized by the bond issue. PLAYGROUNDS With the belief that one of the 1896 greatest responsibilities of this gen- eration is the laying of the founda- tion for future citizenship, comes the realization ithat to be a good citizen the child must learn to respect author- ity, to recognize the rights of others, and to observe the Civic Club of Allegheny County 15 principle of "playing fair" in matters of mutual depen- dence. Where are children to learn these principles of life if they do not start in the playground? In 1896 the Civic Club came face to face with the fact that the streets of Pittsburgh afforded the only playground the children knew (especially in the crowded districts), and it resulted in the most important work undertaken by the Club during its initial year, the first step in what to-day is the largest and most far-reaching social influence in Greater Pittsburgh, namely, the opening of the first summer playgrounds in July 6, 1896, in the Forbes School under the Department of Educa- tion, Mrs. David Kirk, chairman, with Miss Beulah Kennard, Chairman of the Committee in charge. The cost of this first year's work was $125.00. In 1897 four school-yard playgrounds were conducted — the Forbes and Ralston in Pittsburgh and the 5th and 9th Wards in Allegheny, at a cost of $603.72. In 1898 there were seven school-yard playgrounds — Soho, Birmingham, O'Hara, High School, and the 1st, 3d, and 9th Wards in Allegheny, at a cost of $901.50. In 1899 there were nine school-yard playgjrounds in Pittsburgh — the O'Hara, Ralston, Grant, Lincoln, Central High School, Birmingham, Monongahela, Morse and Humboldt, with one vacation school in the Franklin building, and three school-yard playgrounds in Allegheny — the 3d, 5th, and 9th Wards. For the first three years this work was supported entirely by the Civic Club through contribu- tions of its members and interested friends; for the fourth year, of the total expense of $1,982.42— -$1,421.40 was appropriated by the Central Board of Education of Pittsburgh for the work in the Pittsburgh district. The balance, or $561.05, was paid out of the Civic Club treas- ury for the Allegheny Playgrounds. The Civic Club having proved the summer schools a success and believing the time had come when they should be supported by city appropriation and become a permanent institution, directed the committee to take 16 Civic Club of Allegheny County steps toward more extended plans. In 1900 a joint com- mittee of women's clubs of Pittsburgh was asked to co- operate with it, and they took up the work most en- thusiastically, secured city appropriation and later be- came two separate organizations. The Allegheny divi- sion, under its capable President, Mrs. John W. Cow- ley, has become a success far beyond the dreams of the first committee. The Pittsburgh division remains under the continued leadership of Miss Kennard, the President, who, from the beginning of the movement in the Civic Club on through to this date has, by her keen sympathy for the social needs of the city, her personal service and untiring efforts, contributed most generously to the won- derful success of the playground movement in Pitts- burgh. EXPECTORATION In this same year, 1896, the 1896 campaign against expectoration in the street cars was instituted. Through continued and eventually successful efforts, the committee induced the traction companies to put signs in their cars. As a result of petitions signed and presented to the councils of both cities asking for an ordinance forbidding expectoration in public places, ordinances were passed in 1896 in both Pittsburgh and Allegheny forbidding expectoration in street cars. This law which has been enforced with varying degrees of success was good as far as it went, and was especially valuable as an educative measure, helping to prepare the public for a much more rigid one. Several ordinances were presented and lost, but finally in July, 1906, one prepared and presented by the Social Science Depart- ment of the Civic Club passed the city councils and is now a law. A grateful acknowledgement is hereby ex- tended to Dr. E. R. Walters through whom the ordi- nance was introduced and passed. Civic Club of Allegheny County 17 While the Committee, under the Chairmanship of Mrs. W. W. Wishart, was painfully working this ordi- nance through the city legislative bodies, it was at the same time making efforts with the State legislature for the passage of a State law regulating this offensive and dangerous habit, and twice presented bills to that body; one in 1903, which was passed, but vetoed by Governor Pennypacker, on the ground that it gave too much power to conductors ; and another in 1905, which had to be re- vised so many times, to meet objections of various members, that the legislature finally adjourned before its passage was secured. In 1907 the legislative committee used its influence for the passage of a comprehensive bill which became a law that year, which covers not only cities but boroughs, townships and all public conveyances, including railroad cars, etc. The ordinance now in force in this city forbids ex- pectoration not only on the floors of public buildings and conveyances, but also on the sidewalks, and gives the police power to arrest all offenders, who are subject to fine and imprisonment. It also provides that the city shall keep at all times posted notices on the streets for- bidding the vile practice, and that all owners of public buildings and public vehicles shall at all times keep such notices conspicuously posted, failure to do which sub- jects them to fine. The Bureau of Health is charged with the enforcement of this law, the appropriation for the little blue and white street signs (which are monu- ments to the persistence of the Civic Club) being in- cluded in its budget. The street car company after sufficient pressure changed the paste-board signs which frequently slipped out of place, to metal ones. While the conditions have greatly improved, the education of the careless has been slow and up to this date the Civic Club calls the attention of the Department and street car company to the continued violations. The officers of both being apparently anxious to enforce the law, but 18 Civic Club gf Allegheny County the police and conductors do not faithfully carry out the provisions as instructed. MUNICIPAL The crying necessity for a municipal HOSPITAL isolation hospital for contagious dis- 1896 eases was another subject which, be- ginning with the year 1896, engaged the interest of the Social Science Department under Dr. Frank LeMoyne, and in conjunction with the local med- ical societies, the matter was thoroughly canvassed and earnestly pressed upon the attention of the municipal authorities. An appropriation through a bond issue was secured, and the experimental plans prepared by Dr. Thos. Turnbull of this Department were used as the starting point in carrying out this plan, and the Municipal Hospital above the Grant Boulevard is the visible result. PEOPLES One of the most interesting experiments GARDENS tried in 1896 was what was known then 1896 as the "Pingree potato patch idea", with Mr. Frank S. Bissell as Chairman of the Committee in charge. Quite a sum of money was raised, 40 acres of land were secured and put into 120 garden plots throughout the city, to be cultivated by poor fam- ilies under expert supervision. Owing to an unusually wet and rainy summer, this experiment did not prove entirely successful, as many of the vegetables planted, rotted in the ground, so it was not tried the second year. I UNIV.rRSiTY jj Civic Club of Allegheny County 19 MISCELLANEOUS During the year 1896, the Club ACTIVITIES vigorously agitated the ques- 1896 tion of securing women school directors, of procuring legisla- tion to compel the provision of seats in stores where women and girls are employed ; of introducing the sub- ject of cheaper street car service and of protesting against the indecently overcrowded and unsanitary cars. PEOPLES BATHS When the Civic Club was organ- 1897 ized, among the committees ap- pointed in the Social Science De- partment was one on Public Baths with Dr. Thomas Turnbull, a most untiring and efificient Chairman, and Mrs. F. F. Nicola, a no less active Secretary; the object being to secure the establishment of a system of public baths throughout the city. Letters were sent to all the public baths of Europe and to those in this country (though at that time there were not many in the U. S.) regarding cost and maintenance. The committee decid- ed it would take at least $20,000 to start such an enter- prise. The question of raising the money was a serious one, and many plans were tried, but it was found im- possible at that time. Miss Matilda Denny was willing that a piece of property, known as Snyders Square, which had been given by her mother to the city for -a public park might be used, but the city was not willing to give it up. The Adams Market was next thought of, but all the heirs could not be found, and just at a time when the Club was in despair a generous of^er was made by one of its members, Mrs. William Thaw, Jr., to erect and equip a Peoples Bath, as a memorial to her hus- band William Thaw, Jr. Early in June 1897 the work was started and on Thanksgiving Day of that year the first public bath in Pittsburgh was presented to the 20 Civic Club of Allegheny County Civic Club for operation and maintenance. The build- ing was located at the corner of Sixteenth Street and Penn Avenue and contained thirty-two shower baths and two tubs; the compartments being all marble with cement floors. The second story had five rooms for the use of the superintendent. A charge of five cents was made for a bath, each bather being given soap and a towel, and one day each week was set apart for women and children. The first year the income was just sufficient to pay operating expenses, and a few years later increased to such proportions as to warrant a small addition to the building. In 1907 the U. S. government purchased the prop- erty for $70,000; the site to be used for a post office. A location at 19th Street and Penn Avenue was then purchased and under the direction of Mrs. Thaw a new and more modern bath house was erected. This build- ing will serve the public even more satisfactorily than the old institution, as there is a separate floor to be de- voted to women and children, making a total provision for forty-three showers and four tubs. A barbershop occupies the front of the basement. That it has not only become a necessity but a boon to the neighborhood, is evidenced by the fact that in its thirteen years of existence 846,539 men, women, and children have availed themselves of the privileges there offered. The Committee in charge early decided that no one who could not afford even five cents for a bath should be turned away, so that of this total 61,267 were given free of charge. The total receipts have been $39,103.71 and the expenditures have kept within this amount, so that it is self-sustaining, and as far as is known is one of the very few if not the only bath of its kind in the country that does not have to be assisted by an appropriation from the city or contributions from private sources. The operation of this bath-house, with its much appre- Civic Club of Allegheny County 21 ciated opportunities for cleanliness, has been remarkably successful and the great and constantly growing use- fulness of this benevolent and public-spirited enterprise reflects not only great credit upon the generous donor but upon the Committee (or Board, as the management is properly called) who have had it in charge. SALUTE TO In 1897 the Civic Club introduced the THE FLAG "Salute to the Flag" in several schools 1897 by presenting a number of flags to the Franklin School (m the Tth and 8th Wards), where a large proportion of the children were of foreign birth, and needed education and object-les- sons in patriotism. This example was followed later by the Pittsburgh Chapter D. A. R. which has furnished flags for a number of schools and playgrounds. CHILDRENS LEAGUES The "Children's Leagues OF GOOD of Good Citizenship" CITIZENSHIP which were inaugurated 1897 in 1897 by the Educational Department, soon after the playground movement became a success, proved less enduring, principally because of the indifference and discouragement shown by the school authorities. The leagues were established in six schools ; the 5th Ward (Allegheny), Franklin, Ralston, Columbian Council School, Birmingham, and 6th Ward in Pittsburgh, Badges or buttons and cards with the rules were given to the children and the work proved most interesting and attractive the first year, but as in every case save that of the Columbian Council School they lacked the co-operation of teachers and principals, they gradually ceased to exist. The latter, under the direction of Mrs. 22 Civic Club of Allegheny County Van Wagonen and Mrs. A. Leo. Weil, continued for some time to hold the interest of the children in the "hill district." MISCELLANEOUS During the year 1897, activities ACTIVITIES of greater or less importance 1897 were absorbing the attention of committees not otherwise ap- propriated. Among them were the efforts to have wholesome food provided at the various school build- ings and to have diet kitchens established where boys and girls could purchase their luncheon instead of eat- ing the unwholesome food procured at outside bakeries; to have the ordinances enforced prohibiting fast riding and driving, also prohibiting the throwing of fruit or vegetables upon the streets, etc. ; to have the number of letter-carriers increased through the Postmaster Gen- eral at Washington; to have the sidewalks cleaned; to urge civil service reform, and the adoption of the merit system in state and municipal affairs. ASSOCIATED The history of the Civic Club does not CHARITIES record an undertaking that had a more 1898 discouraging career than that inaug- urated to federate the Charities of Pittsburgh. The interval between the beginning and the consummation of this effort saw the most prolonged and aggravated problem that was ever launched in the organization. The discouragments and rebuffs counter- acted by the patience and determination to ultimately associate the charitable and philanthropic organizations involves too much detail to recite at this time, but the fact that the Civic Club succeeded in accomplishing its purpose, namely, the organization and incorporation of the Associated Charties of Pittsburgh is a tribute to the perseverence of the members devoted to this cause. Civic Club of Allegheny County 23 With the knowledge of at least four unsuccessful attempts (from as many different sources) to system- atize the administration of Pittsburgh charities, Mr. Robert D. McGonigle accepted the Chairmanship of the Social Science Department in January, 1898, on condi- tion that the members would undertake a large amount of active work which he was willing to outline and di- rect, stating that what he considered the most important matter for the Civic Club to take up would be the or- ganization of the various charities on a business basis. A large committee was formed with a plan along lines laid down by similar organizations in other large cities. It was not inaugurated with the idea that the existing societies and organizations were not doing all the work they were intended to do, but because there was a lack of interchange and organization which is found so desirable in all branches of work, commercial and otherwise. The subcommittees were detailed in the preliminary work of education that necessarily was deemed the largest factor in the program of work. The plan taken from an exhaustive printed report, May 16, 1898, looked for the following results : 1st. No outdoor relief by the city. 2nd. Strict investigation of each case. 3rd. Beggars and vagrants to be arrested and dis- posed of by the police department. 4th. All dependent children provided for. 5th. The worthy poor helped by the proper authorities. 6th. Medical relief given those in need. 7th. Chronic paupers sent to the almshouse. 8th. Most important of all, no duplications and no impositions by the applicants receiving relief at all hands, but each one being referred to the proper society or department under which they might come. 9th. Money sent to all concerned and good work done in all directions. 24 Civic Club of Allegheny County The outlook seemed promising at the end of the first year and the prejudice against the movement and the opposition thereto seemed to be gradually passing away, as it became apparent that the Civic Club did not wish to abolish any existing charitable institutions, but desired each to be represented in order to avoid dupli- cation. A Committee of fifteen with Hon. Wm. M. Kennedy, Chairman, was appointed to compile a report of the annual amount of relief given by churches and charity organizations for presentation at a public meet- ing, with a view to establishing an Associated Charities Organization. In March, 1899, cards were printed; 500 of these were for Allegheny, with the hope that an index card system could be introduced, but, when success seemed assured, an unexpected opposition from one or two of the most important charitable organizations defeated the plan. Quite a period elapsed covering some missionary work in this direction when Mr. Kennedy again urged the necessity for the establishment of a Department of Or- ganized Charities. In 1905 Miss McKnight, who had previously assisted the Committee and was now Presi- dent of the Club, with Mrs. Frederick Bagley, Chairman of the Civic Club committee, began a fresh campaign of education and endeavor to overcome this opposition. A conference and interviews were held, but the outcome was most discouraging, with the additional ill-fate of losing Mrs. Bagley, whose residence was changed to another State. However, under the new Chairman, Mrs. C. D. Claney, ably assisted by Miss Edna Meeker, a meeting was held June 10, 1907, which was attended by the representatives of eight of the leading societies. After going over the plan thoroughly it was agreed by those present that it would serve relief societies by handling for them cases that required other treatment than material assistance ; it would help hospitals and other institutions doing indoor relief work and having Civic Club of Allegheny County 25 no "visitors", by investigating cases for them ; it would help churches, other religious bodies and the general public by giving prompt attention to all cases of need referred by them to this central bureau or clearing house and placing each family or individual under the care of the organization already established to assist them. It was agreed that the Civic Club should take the initiative in presenting the matter of the federation of charities to other societies at a large meeting to be held in the Chamber of Commerce. Accordingly this meet- ing was held on June 20th, 1907. Hon. William M. Kennedy presided, and Mr. Wm. H. Allen, General Agent for the A. I. C. P. of New York, made the principal address. Over 200 attended, representatives of about 100 churches and philanthropic societies; some spoke for and some against it, but a resolution was adopted by the majority favoring the association of all the charities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and directing the Chairman to call another meeting for further deliberation. On June 28, 1907, the Civic Club committee presented an elaborate plan to the Board of Directors consisting of eight sections, one of which was that permission be granted the committee to raise $3,- 000.00 for the purpose of securing data and co-operation with this committee. In general, the plan as outlined proposed that the Civic Club guarantee the sal- ary of a secretary for six months with all office expenses and that work be started at once. There were many meetings regarding the advisability of this plan and several applicants for the position from other cities were being considered, when the overwhelming catastrophe of Miss McKnight's death put an end to any further work for the moment. At the time of her death she had. already started a fund for the maintenance of a central office. The wonderful impetus she gave this work was building better than she knew, for through her experience, bought by labor unceasing and her famil- 26 Civic Club of Allegheny County iarity with the conditions, her far-seeing and brilliant mind brought the work to a point where the Civic Club was bound to carry it out. On October 18, 1907, another mass meeting was held at which Mr. Kennedy presided and Mr. Francis McLean, at that time Field Secretary of Charities and the Commons, spoke in reference to the relations of the central organization to the other societies. Representa- tives from 175 churches and philanthropic societies in Allegheny County were present. A Committee of 15, with Mr. Kennedy as Chairman, was appointed "to ar- range and establish a Federation of Philanthropies in Pittsburgh and to place it on a working basis". The individual labor of this Committee of fifteen with the help of Mr. Guthridge, General Secretary of the Associated Charities of St. Paul, the energetic and helpful assistance of Mr. Francis McLean of New York, Mr. Cornelius D. Scully, of the Civic Club, resulted in effecting an organization in December, 1907, incorpo- rated as the Associated Charities of Pittsburgh on Feb- ruary 21, 1908. Dr. R. M. Little accepted the temporary Chairman- ship and gave of his time and ability so unstintingly that much of the well-deserved success of the Associa- tion is due to his initiative and leadership. Top much credit cannot be given to all those who, too numerous to mention, devoted so much time and personal service to the organization of this most valu- able philanthropic agent, whose fundamental purpose may be realized only in the development of broad-spir- ited, patient co-operation among individuals and exist- ing charities. ART EXHIBIT In May 1898, the Art De- IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS partment, under Mrs. Wm. 1808 Thaw, Jr., amply justified its existence by its well- considered endeavors to introduce into the public Civic Club of Allegheny County 27 schools the means of awakening the children to a sense of the beautiful in nature and art. A large col- lection of pictures and casts, which had been purchased and presented to the Civic Club, was divided into ex- hibits of twelve pictures and five casts each. During five years the pictures were simply loaned to the schools in both cities as a traveling art collection. At the end of the year 1903 the collection was broken up, and the pictures and casts were presented permanently to the schools. Through the influence of the Chairman, sixty pictures and casts were presented by the late William R. Thompson to the Fourth Ward school in Pittsburgh. Some of these were placed in the halls and the rest in one large room. This was called the "Art Room", which the children were permitted to visit any time after school hours. ARBOR DAY Following the activities in connection 1898 with starting the traveling art exhibit, Mrs. Thaw and her department in the year 1898 enlisted the assistance of 'the Educational De- partment in plans for inaugurating the observance of Arbor Day in the Public Schools. Mrs. Van Wagonen, as Chairman of a special committee, outlined a compre- hensive program which was presented to and approved by the Pittsburgh and Allegheny School Boards of Con- trol and the Principals' Club, and was sent to the schools in both cities. Mr. E. M. Bigelow co-operated by furnish- ing trees for some of the school yards, and the day was quite extensively observed by most of the schools. The reading of the Governor's proclamation, talks about trees, songs and tree planting were included in the cere- monies. The following year the Association of Colleg- iate Alumnae co-operated, and besides the public school exercises for which the committee furnished the pro- grams in both Pittsburgh and Allegheny, it was cele- brated at the Newsboys Home, at the Colored Orphan 28 Civic Club of Allegheny County Asylum, where Miss Oliver planted trees, Protestant Orphan Asylum, Home for the Friendless, and at the Peoples Bath House where Mrs. Thaw planted trees, Kingsley House taking part in the celebration. The Civic Club carried on this work with varying degrees of success throughout the following years. The spirit of the day has taken a stronger hold on the schools and its significance has been illustrated through lectures by many interested persons, notable among whom is Mr. Frederick S. Webster and Professor John A. Brashear. Through the principals and teachers the Linden, Homewood, Liberty, Friendship, and 5th Avenue High School have contributed largely to its success. MISCELLANEOUS At various times during the year ACTIVITIES 1898 efforts were made to have 1898 manual training and domestic science taught in all the schools; and an effort was made, with the assistance of Director J. O. Brown of the Department of Public Safety, to sup- press the posting of immodest and objectionable posters; the opportunity was taken to co-operate, at the sugges- tion of the Rev. Chas. L. Thurgood, with the "Early Closing Association Movement". EVENING INDUSTRIAL One of the most impor- SCHOOLS tant and successful things 1898 undertaken by the Edu- cational Department . in 1898 was the boys' evening industrial schools, under the enthusiastic and successful Chairmanship of Mrs. Oscar Kleber. At the first one started in the O'Hara School 100 boys presented themselves, but only 30 could be accommodated. Later on another Boys' Club Civic Club of Allegheny County 29 was started with 35 boys from 9 to 16 years, in several rooms tendered by the directors of the Springfield School. While these evening schools were later abandoned (for they were practically j;he beginning of the Law- renceville Civic Club) they were of decided value as part of the educational movement that has since re- sulted in the wide public recognition of the necessity for such evening schools. YOUNG MEN'S CIVIC CLUB The boys' clubs OF LAWRENCEVILLE grew so rapidly and 1899 presented such a field for more pre- tentious work that Mrs. Kleber, after having personally examined the scope and magnitude of the working men's clubs in New York and having learned that boys as well as men were equally eligible to membership, the older men paying fees and dues commensurate with their wage-earning capacity and thus making it possi- ble for the boys to accept membership without distress, decided that these same methods could be tried in Pittsburgh. Mrs. Kleber took up this work in the old 12th Ward of the city, facing the difficulty of getting sufficient men interested to start the work. Standing by one of the gates of the large mills, she announced the meeting which, would be held in the Springfield School, and, though the response to the invitation was not what could be called hearty, a few men came, their enthus- iasm was passed along, several more meetings followed and the audience increased each time. As it increased, so did Mrs. Kleber's anxiety as she pondered how she would obtain the funds necessary to place a roof over this fully-organized club to be known as the Young Men's Civic Club of Lawrenceville. The n;atter was 30 Civic Club of Allegheny County put before the Civic Club Educational Department and its support was readily granted, Miss Kennard, its Chairman, proving an able assistant. Mr. H. C. Frick gave a liberal cash donation and a number of gentlemen signified their wriHingness to be- come honorary members, paying $10.00 a year. At the same time the Civic Club Board agreed to supply any deficiency in the rent for the first three months and the lease was signed for a building at 2901 Penn Avenue in April, 1899. Later on Mr. Charles Schwab and Mr. Os- car Kleber guaranteed the rent but it was never necessary to take advantage of this security. It was a large three story house, well ventilated, well lighted, clean as^hard work could make it, and containing a music room, a gymnasium, equipped by Mrs. C. L. Magee, bath rooms constructed as the gift of Mrs. J. R. McGinley, billiard and pool room equipment, the gift of Mr. Charles Schwab, rooms for conversation, furnis'hed with com- fortable chairs and leather couch, roll top desk, etc., donations from many interested members of the Club in- cluding Mrs. William Thaw, Jr., and Mrs. Alexander King. A branch station of the Carnegie Library was installed and Miss Louise Taylor generously assumed •the office of librarian. A piano aflforded a wealth of pleasure and comfort to the individual members. A number of entertainments were given and a large Christ- mas treat, with all the charm of the holiday festival, was given to 700 children of the ward in 1899. "BuflFalo Bill" added a generous donation in the way of entrance tickets for fifty of the younger boys to ihis Wild West Show. Under the personal supervision of Mrs. Kleber, this young army was successfully guided to the show grounds where the treat was enthusiastically enjoyed by the youngsters. The club-house was never closed, for the men work- ing at day turn used it as late as 11 o'clock at night, and men employed during the night used it by day. With the dues fifty cents a month and the donations received, it Civic Club of Allegheny County 31 became self-sustaining almost immediately and flour- ished for nearly six years. It, however, had not become independent so far as its management was concerned. To a man they relied absolutely upon Mrs. Kleber to take the executive responsibility, with the fatal result of a complete physical breakdown of their beloved leader and head. It was deemed advisable to let the men and boys assume the management, but the loss of their en- thusiastic confidante and guide seemed to undermine the organization, and gradually the members'hip of the Club diminished and the organization declined. Not realizing that the responsibility that was so beneficiently assumed by Mrs. Kleber was not only over- burdening her, but diminishing the power of resistance when it came to the obstacles to be encountered in self- government, this Club, through its own inability, ceased to exist and has unfortunately become a thing of the pa. St. Without doubt there still lingers in the minds of those who were fortunate enough to have enjoyed its privileges, a cherished memory for the many and gen- erous helps received from the kindly disposed people of the community and especially the personal services of Mrs. Kleber and her committee. YOUNG MEN'S The Young Men's Civic Club of CIVIC CLUB OF Allegheny was organized in 1899, ALLEGHENY following the successful begin- 1899 ning of the Lawrenceville Club, An advisory committee was the only connecting link with the parent Club save the great interest of its individual members, chief among whom were Miss Kate C. McKnight, Mrs. Herbert Du- Puy, Mrs. Sullivan Johnson and Mrs. \yilliam H. Black. Miss McKnight, who was an active worker for the Club's best interests up to the time of her death, and Mrs. DuPuy, who 'has been the Club's most staunch 32 Civic Club of Allegheny County supporter since its inception, were responsible for its organization. Its first residence was on Western Avenue, but it was later moved to Windsor Street, Allegheny, where it was located until August, 1910. The Club, though not directly following the line of civics, has been very help- ful in many good movements and showed its apprecia- tion by doing a large share towards putting Miss Mc- Knight on the 5th Ward School Board, Allegheny, the only woman director who has ever served in either of the two cities. In the fall of 1909 the membership had decreased, owing to the change of residence of many of its old members, and upon appealing to the Civic Club for assistance, the committee appointed found that all the efforts made to renew the membership had been fruitless, as the club-house needed many repairs and a gymnasium to bring it up-to-date. The business of tiding over the imminent crisis in the Club's affairs was most capably handled by Miss Emily McCreery, a member of the Civic Club Board and Committee, who called a large meeting in April 1910, started an associate membership and reorganized the advisory board, whose dues, with several large donations, have once more put this Club on its feet. In August, 1910, the property leased by the Club was sold for a factory site and it now occupies an entire store building at 1256 Rebecca Street, the gym- nasium being nicely accommodated in the store room. A shower bath has been set up which proves an attrac- tion to the men from the mills across the street. A series of lectures has been arranged for the win- ter of 1910 and 1911 by Mr. Julian Kennedy, to be fol- lowed by Mr. Chas. F. Weller, Rabbi Coffee and others. Civic Club of Allegheny County 33 SMOKE ABATEMENT In April, 1897, the first Com- 1899 mittee was appointed to take up actively tihe diffi- cult proposition of smoice abatement, which it did by accepting an invitation to inspect certain plants, and evi- dently was either so <^wcouraged or encouraged that it ceased operations immediately thereafter. In January, 1899, the Chamber of Commerce appointed a committee of five and requested that a similar committee be ap- pointed from the Civic Club to co-operate with them in a united effort which would be directed toward the enactment of an ordinance regulating the smoke nui- sance in Pittsburgh. A Committee with Mr. A. M. Imbrie, Chairman, did everything in its power toward this much needed reform, and served in divisions under heads as follows : A — Committee on smoke arising from domestic fires and metallurgical manufacturing estab- lishments. B — Committee on smoke from office build- ings and all others not included in A. C — Committee on Legislation ; of this latter a sub-committee was ap- pointed to meet with the city officials and secure the appointment of a smoke commission. The Civic Club stayed with this problem to the end and can justly claim a large share of the glory of this lengthy and trouble- some campaign. Through varying degrees of success and discouragement, these committees, supplemented by other members as time went on, labored until Decem- ber, 1906, when a most effective ordinance for the pre- vention of unnecessary smoke in the use of fuel was passed by both branches of Councils. As this history goes to press, the Pittsburgh smoke ordinance has been declared unconstitutional. This necessitates the passage of a State law conferring the police power requisite for the enforcement of such ordi- nances. LEGAL AID In October, 1899, a committee with Mr. 1899 Edwin L. Mattern as Chairman was ap- pointed to investigate and report upon the advisability of establishing a Legal Aid Society un- /^S^ 34 Civic Club of Allegheny County der the auspices of the Civic Club. After a presentation of the facts concerning similar work carried on in other cities, the Board of the Civic Club favorably considered the plan as outlined and enlarged the committee to carry out the details of the work. An active campaign for funds was instituted and a large sum raised with which to employ counsel when necessary, for the purpose of giving legal advice and assistance (including prosecution or defense of suit in proper cases) to deserving persons in need of such aid and unable to pay for it. In 1901 Mr. Wm. A. Jordon was engaged as regular Attorney. Cards were printed for applicants and distrib- uted to the various philanthropic agencies. Later on and up to 1908 the place of the regular Solicitor was taken by Attorneys who gave their services ; chief among these being Mr. William McNair, to whom the Club is indebted for most efficient and generous personal ser- vice. In May, 1907, a re-organization of the committee was decided upon and Mr. Richard H. Hawkins and Mr. Wm. K. Johnson were appointed to draw up a plan of working rules for enlarging and carrying on the work. Through this plan a better organization within the Legal Aid Committee had been made, but on the eve of its operation, the above committee, with the addition of eight members of the Allegheny County Bar, believing they could more eftectively carry on the work by organ- izing and incorporating as an independent legal aid so- ciety, asked the committee to discontinue its efforts for six months in their favor. They desired, however, to secure the co-operation of the Civic Club in the organization of this society, — their idea being to have some of the officers of the Club join with them in a petition for a charter. They pledged themelves to promote a society along the general lines suggested in the report submitted to the committee in July, 1907. They volunteered to assume the duties and take the place of the Legal Aid Committee of the Civic Civic Club of Allegheny County 35 Club in establishing a properly organized society in Pittsburgh. The Board gave its consent and the Legal Aid Society of Pittsburgh was incorporated in April, 1908. Its charter provides that of its board of nine directors two shall be members of the Civic Club. Mr. Charles B. Fernald, w'ho was Chairman of the committee at this time, and Mr. Arthur W. Bell were appointed to serve as the Club's representatives following the organ- ization. The Legal Aid Society of Pittsburgh, of which Mar- cus W. Acheson, Jr., Esq., is at present the very active and efficient President, fills a most useful field and has been a conspicuous success from the start. Its permanency as an organization is guaranteed by a well selected Ad- visory Board, a generous list of subscribing members, and the unselfish enthusiasm of its directorate composed of representative younger members of the Bar. It has for three years maintained permanent offices, with Ben- jamin M. Price, Esq., as Attorney in charge, in the Bake- well Building, and its annual public reports make most interesting reading and demonstrate its efficiency and helpfulness, through a wide range of legal procedure, to the poor and oppressed. This is an off-shoot of the Civic Club of which the parent body may well be proud. CIGARETTES Beginning with the year 1899, and at TO MINORS various times since throughout the 1899 succeeding years, the Civic Club has been interested in assisting move- ments for enforcing the anti-cigarette law for minors. Proof of violation on the part of merchants and threat- ened prosecutions formed a most effective method of minimizing the number of cases reported. State legis- lation on this matter has always been actively en- dorsed. 36 Civic Club of Allegheny County SCHOOL INSPECTION The Educational Depart- 1900 ment during the year 1900 concentrated its efforts upon certain measures in which it 'had been asked to assist a special committee of the Central Board of Edu- cation formed for the purpose of increasing the effi- ciency and securing more uniformity in the public schools. The new course of study was a subject of special interest at this time and the Department of Education held a public meeting to whicli school direct- ors and others were invited, for the discussion of this course of study, in order that it might be understood and used in all the local schools. The Department also urged the inspection of the sc'hool buildings and that they should be made sanitary and healthful, with abun- dance of light and good ventilation. The Committee on School Legislation began a comparative schedule of school laws in all the representative States and the Com- mittee on School Visiting inspected a number of school buildings. While not initiating any radical changes in the schools at this time, the Department was in constant touch with the progressive members of t'he Central Board of Education and members of local boards, and assisted in securing a number of improvements by co- operating with these. MODEL In 1900 a Committee on Better Hous- TENEMENTS ing for the Poor was created with a 1900 view to effecting the organization of of a corporation for the building of model tenements. An open meeting was held February 2, 1900, wben the matter was thoroughly discussed. Mr. Jacob Riis of New York upon this occasion greatly stimulated the movement by an address on "Improved Housing of the Poor". Circular letters were sent out Civic Club of Allegheny County 37 soliciting subscriptions to the stock of the proposed concern, but the apathetic reception the proposition re- ceived when it came to a matter of dollars and cents caused this enthusiastic committee to abandon the plan. ARSENAL PARK It will no doubt be surprising to 1901 many to learn that as far back as May, 1901, the Civic Club urged upon Councils "that steps must be taken immediately to secure for the benefit of the citizens of Pittsburgh the site now used as a United States Arsenal for use as a public park". In December, 1905, a petition was sent from the Civic Club to the Hon. Wm. H. Taft, then Sec- retary of War, asking 'him to recommend the presenta- tion of the Arsenal Grounds to the city for a recreation park and playground, in case the government decided to abandon the property. Letters to the same effect were sent to the Allegheny County Representatives and State Senators. The Committee received most discouraging replies and upon advice of the majority of the repre- sentatives from this district, abandoned the efifort to ob- tain the grounds as a gift and set about trying to lease the property for a small rental. This also failed, but the seed sown in the mind of the Hon. James Francis Burke, grew and flourished, and largely through his efforts, what is now known as the Arsenal Park was dedicated to the use of the public July 4th, 1907. The city and es- pecially the neighborhood of Lawrenceville, where it is situated, have frequently acknowledged their deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Burke for this beautiful and useful acquisition to the Pittsburg^h Park system. 38 Civic Club op Allegheny County TEACHERS AND The Teachers and Parents Asso- PARENTS ciation Committee started by this ASSOCIATION Club in 1901, ihad its first and 1901 most flourishing organization in the Garfield School ; the princi- pal, Miss Sarah Piatt being responsible for the interest that kept these meetings alive for almost eight years. The Kindergarten and the Playground Associations have initiated similiar work and the Educational De- partment of the Civic Club during the period since 1901 has started these meetings in various schools, believing that this plan to bring the teacher and parent into closer touch and understanding is as pleasant as it is beneficial, and it is hoped that the system will be estab- lished in ever}^ school in the city. CITY CHARTER The first report on record of any 1901 action of the Civic Club relative to a new city, charter for Pitts- burg^h was made on May 2, 1896, when Mr. E. Z. Smith, Chairman of the Department of Government, reported a meeting at which a general discussion of the proposed new charter for Pittsburgh was held, and delegates were appointed to attend the annual meeting in Balti- more of the National Municipal League which was then engaged in formulating a model charter for cities. At the same time it recorded its unqualified condemnation of the existing Pittsburgh charter as unscientific, irrational and apparently designed to promote irresponsible government. The situation remained unchanged (except as aggravated by the lapse of time), up to 1901, when interest in the matter was stirred up through a number of meetings and animated discussions which were held, and exhaustive reports were prepared relative to the value of the various reme- dial measured suggested. Following t'he lead of the Civic Club of Allegheny County 39 Chamber of Commerce, the Civic Club further co-oper- ated by sending the Chairman of the Committee to Har- risburg to speak in favor of the Bill which passed the Legislature in 1901. The Civic Club, however, regis- tered its opposition at that time to the so called "Ripper" clause in this Act. JUVENILE COURT "There is no more well estab- 1901 lished fact than that civic wel- fare is increased or retarded in direct ratio to the decrease or increase of the pauper and criminal classes." It follows that the delinquent and dependent child affords the most serious problem of the community's future welfare. At the end of the year 1901 a committee, consisting of Mrs. William Whitman, Mrs. E. L. Mattern, Dr. and Mrs. Henry Francis Wade, Miss Grace Henderson and the Rev. W. L. Mason, was appointed by the Civic Club with Mrs. George H. Wilson, Chairman, to formu- late plans for the organization of a Juvenile Court in Allegheny County. In the spring of 1902, conferences were held with Judges, District Attorneys, and County Commissioners, and money was raised to further the project; but it was not until November, 1903, that the work took definite form. At this time the Permanent Civic Committee be- came a part of the movement with the result that the two forces combined and formed what was known as the Juvenile Court Committee with Mrs. Richard R. Quay, Chairman, Mrs. E. E. Crocker, Vice Chairman, Mrs. W. J, Young, Treasurer and Mrs. William T. Whitman, Secretary. The committee's first efiforts were devoted to securing capable probation officers, a difficult and delicate task. Many applicants for the posi- tion, under the new Juvenile Court Law, which had 40 Civic Club of Allegheny County been passed by the preceding Legislature, presented themselves. Mrs. Alice Montgomery, whose peculiar fitness for the important w^ork of probation officer was well known to the committee through her services in this work in the Philadelphia Juvenile Court, came to Pittsburgh to take up the work and was later sworn in as probation officer by Judge Evans on April 28th, 1903 ; her salary being guaranteed by the Civic Club. The printing and incidental expenses were paid by the Civic Club. Not unexpectedly, the Juvenile Court Law was de- clared unconstitutional by Judge Porter of the Superior Court in Philadelphia in February, 1903. Fortunately the Legislature was then in session and the Juvenile Court Committees of both Philadelphia and Pittsburgh were successful in securing the passage of five unexcep- tionable Acts commonly known as the Juvenile Court Laws, which Governor Pennypacker signed in March, 1903. It was early decided that efforts should be made to arouse interest in the work in the neighboring counties of Western Pennsylvania, To this end, Mrs. Montgom- ery addressed meetings in Oil City, Waynesburg, Titus- ville, and Washington, and 1,000 copies of the Juvenile Court Laws, furnished by the Civic Club, were sent out. This seed has born fruit in the establishment of a Juvenile Court in Washington County. The second year Miss Kate McKnight was made Chairman, Mrs. E. E. Crocker, first Vice Chairman, Rev. C. L. Thurgood, second Vice Chairman, Mrs. Levi Bird Duff, third Vice Chairman, with Mrs. Quay and Mrs. Whitman continuing as Treasurer and Secretary respec- tively. The next year the Civic Club sent a copy of the Juvenile Court report (with blanks attached soliciting subscription) to every member of the Club. The fund thus created was used to pay the salary of one probation Civic Club of Allegheny County 41 officer, and this support was continued until January, 1910, after which it was no longer necessary. In February, 1905, the Juvenile Court Committee desired to reorganize as an independent association and the Permanent Civic Committee and the Civic Club granted this request. The new organization became the Juvenile Court Association, with Miss McKnight con- tinuing as President. The Civic Club, however, re- tained (and still continues to retain) a Juvenile Court Committee, with Mrs. William T. Whitman, Chairman, which has raised funds for the maintenance of one pro- bation officer and interested itself in the children's cases. Special mention must be made of the constant and devoted attention that Mrs. Whitman has given to every minute detail of the work of the Juvenile Court move- ment in this County. Her faithful and loyal service not only in the Civic Club but in the Juvenile Court As- sociation through all these years cannot be too highly commended. With the passage of an Act in 1909, the Civic Club and the several other societies which supported proba- tion officers, were relieved of the payment of these sal- aries by the County, but each continues to give a cer- tain sum toward making up the salary of the chief proba- tion officer, the law not providing more than $100 a month for each officer. The Civic Club Committee "has fitted up, with games, a room kindly loaned by the Board in the Ralston School, where its probation officer of that district meets her boys once a week, and stands ready to give whatever service is needed to other phases of t'he work that will in any way tend to improve the Juvenile Court system in this State. The Juvenile Court Association has an active Legis- lation Committee, composed of competent Attorneys, which 'has framed and caused to be introduced in the successive sessions of the Legislature a number of Bills dealing with delinquent children, adult contribution to 42 Civic Club op Allegheny County delinquency, salaries of Juvenile Court officers, and Juvenile Court practice, a number of whic'h form a most valuable and essential part of the present statute law^ on this broad subject. In conjunction w^ith the Philadel- phia organization, with which this Committee collabor- ates, it is now engaged in the preparation of comprehen- sive and progressive Juvenile Court Code, wliich will ultimately become law and will amplify and systematize the Juvenile Court jurisdiction and practice throughout the State. A Committee has been appointed by the Board of Directors to apply for a charter of incorporation for the Association, w'hich is expected to be granted at about the time this volume goes to press. It has been decidedthatthe body will gain the benefit of more authoritative standing under the State law, as well as permanency in form of organization, under corporate authority. PERMANENT CIVIC During the year 1902, Miss COMMITTEE McKnight, who was one of 1902 the officers of the Pennsyl- vania State Federation of Women's Clubs, Mrs. F. P. lams, Mrs. Levi Bird Duff and others, organized what was known as the "Perma- nent Civic Committee" — a committee composed of rep- resentatives of the various Women's Clubs in Western Pennsylvania. Later in the same year Miss McKnight became President of the Civic Club, and the officers of the Civic Club and the Permanent Civic Committee be- ing practically the same, during several ensuing years the two associations did much of their work in closest co-operation. SOHO PUBLIC BATHS No other work of the Club 1902 has involved the raising of so much money as the building of these baths, and none of its committees de- [f OF-^ , Civic Club of Allegheny County 43 serves greater commendation both from the Club and from: the public than the Soho Baths Committee, to whose efforts, extending through a period of several years — whic'hi were rendered most arduous by the gen- eral apathy of the public on the subject of providing bathing facilities for its poor — the city of Pittsburgh is indebted for the beautiful and complete building at No. 2410 Fifth Avenue. When, in the late fall of 1902, the Permanent Civic Committee of Womens Clubs, which: also had a Public Baths Committee, with aims and purposes synonymous with those of a similar committee of the Civic Club, affiliated itself with this Club along certain analogous lines of work, and the two bath committees joined forces, under the efficient leadership of Mrs. Alfred Longmore as Chairman. Various attempts were made to induce the city to build bath houses, to provide safe places for river bathing, etc., to persuade school boards to install bathing facilities in their school houses, and large manufactories to equip their plants with showers, and numerous wealthy citizens were approached with the suggestion t'hat they erect and donate bath houses. A sub-committee, of which Mrs. Samuel W. Miller was a most active member, secured permission from the city to fit up a part of the old South Side Market House for public baths, and Councils appropriated $7,000 therefor, but the Committee had succeeded in so interesting the late Mr. Henry W. Oliver in the subject that he proposed to the city that he should erect, equip and donate a large public bath ; and as this proposed structure was to be in close proximity to the Market House location, the latter project was abandoned at the request of the Committee. Mr. Oliver died before his plans were con- summated. On December 16th, 1903, the Committee wrote a letter to Councils asking for an appropriation of $25,000 toward the erection of a bath house, pledging itself to raise another $25,000. After some rat'her active educa- 44 Civic Club of Allegheny County tional campaign work and an appearance before the Finance Committee of Councils to urge the merits of the undertaking, the requested appropriation was made in February, 1904. The Soho district had been designated in the appro- priating ordinance as the location, and after a long and careful canvas, and acting under the advice of the City Controller and City Engineer, the present location was purchased at a cost of $15,500. The lot first purchased had a frontage of 96 feet on Fifth Avenue with a depth of about 82 feet, and had erected thereon a large and substantial three-story frame building which it was later decided to retain for settlement house purposes. This necessitated the pur- chase of more ground for the bath building and Councils were therefore asked, in December, 1905, for an addi- tional appropriation of $10,000 to meet this, and in Feb- ruary 1906, this appropriation was made. The purchase of this additional lot (24 feet on Fifth Avenue and running through to Forbes Street), caused considerable delay in starting building operations, as the sale was not finally consummated until midsummer of 1907. This lot cost $3,600, but involved the additional expense of buying out two parties who owned sjnall houses, and a ground rent — making the total expenditure for this strip something over $4,200. The entire cost of the land bought, including the purdiase of these ground rents and other expenses incident to transfers, etc., and also including the substantial building used for settle- ment purposes, thus approximates $31,000 — a most rea- sonable sum for the amount of ground in that locality, and as the committee is advised and believes, a most judicious purchase and an excellent location. On April 4th, 1904, Councils approved and adopted a resolution presented by the Civic Club, giving the Club control of the property — the title to which had been vested in the City in return for the appropriations made and to be made. Civic Club of Allegheny County 45 On February 11, 1905, Councils passed an ordinance authorizing the Civic Club to build and perpetually use all buildings erected on the property "for bath and other philanthropic purposes". The large joint committee, after the starting of the Soho project, deeming that one new bath at a time was all it could manage, suspended efforts to locate others throughout the city, and finding itself too large and un- wieldy a body to conduct, as a whole, the business inci- dent to building operations, organized the Soho Bath Board, which held its first meeting as such on April 28, 1905. This Board was composed of 23 members, five of whom were ex-officio, viz.. President of the Civic Club, President of the Permanent Civic Committee, the Mayor and Presidents of Select and Common Councils, respec- tively. The other members of the joint committee then turned their energies to enlarging the small but growing settlement work already established in the house on the premises. The Bath Board was, under an agreement be- tween the Permanent Civic Committee and the Civic Club, to be jointly elected by the two associations, but the joint management and conduct of the business being found inconvenient (the Civic Club being a chartered organization, the other an unchartered, variable body with a membership extending into other counties), this agreement was annulled by mutual consent, in Febru- ary, 1908, and the entire ownership, management and control of the Baths is now in this Club. But the Civic Club gladly acknowledges its indebtedness to the women's clubs for the successful launching and completion of this undertaking, from the membership of which clubs some of the most active workers were drawn, and a number w'hereof have given financial assistance, among them being (named in the order of the sizes of their respec- tive contributions) — the New Era, Wimodausus, Soro- sis, Travelers, Colloquium, Twentieth Century, Colum- bian Council of Jewish Women, and the Civic Club of Wilkinsburg. 46 Civic Club op Allegheny County At the inception of this undertaking, the Committee, never having- built a bath house, and being composed of neither real estate agents nor plumbers, and guided somewhat by the cost of the People's Baths (built in 1897), started out with the somewhat indefinite hope that $50,000 might possibly finance it; which hope, 'how- ever, was quickly blasted. As soon as it began to look for a site and talk with architects and builders, it was found that it would require at least double that sum, — not only land values but building materials, and especially plumber's supplies, 'having increased enor- mously since the Club's first bath building was erected. The Committee also found that while Pittsburgh is full of generous people who give freely and even lavishly to projects that appeal to their sympathies, these were slow to realize the necessity for public baths and their value as one of the strongest factors in the making of good citizens, and the task of raising the money became a serious one ; the more so because the idea largely pre- vailed that such institutions should be built entirely at the expense of the city, rather than by private subscrip- tion. Several architects submitted plans, one was select- ed, and the contract let, after competitive bidding, in the early part of 1907 for a building to cost upwards of $70,000. In December of that year Councils were again asked to appropriate $25,000 to the fund, which was done in February, 1908. In August, 1909, the building and its equipment was complete (with the exception of the plunge — which is still unfinished) and opened to the public. It is a beautiful cream-colored brick and terra cotta building, fronting three stories on Fifth Avenue, five stories in the rear, and with an added entrance from Forbes Street. The first floor contains 40 showers and 4 tubs, men's and women's waiting rooms and toilet rooms; the second floor comprising a living apartment for the Superintendent, a Director's room, and a large assembly hall which is used for neighborhood entertain- Civic Club of Allegheny County 47 ments. On the third floor are two apartments which may be used either as living rooms by the attendants or for settlement classes, adult reading rooms, and the like; in the basement are two needle baths, twelve showers, two tubs for children, a public laundry for use by the women of the neighborhood who have no facilities for washing and drying their clothes at home, a private laun- dry for the use of the institution,and the boiler room; the sub-basement contains the unfinished swimming pool, dressing rooms and lockers, constituting as a whole, one of the most complete bath houses in the country. The committee takes a most justifiable pride in the fact that it has been built and equipped at a cost much below that of similar houses in other cities. The plant comprises a large lot and two buildings ; the new bath house and the frame settlement house — the cost and equipment of which, including the completion of the pool and consid- erable building of outside retaining walls, steps, fences, etc., yet to be done, will approximate $120,000. By way of comparison, it may be stated that New York in 1909 had seven municipal public baths, ranging in cost from $91,500 to $250,000, exclusive of the grounds, the aver- age cost of maintenance being given as $30,000 a year for each one. Mr. Gibson D. Packer, the Chairman of the Build- ing Committee, to whom a special vote of appreciation is due for his generous contributions to the enterprise in the way of ability, time and money, submits the follow- ing report as to cost to date: "The total cost of land, building and equipment was $113,856.80, distributed as follows: Cost of land, $20,371.63 " building, 84,055.90 " equipment, 4,010.30 " " improvement Forbes Street entrance 533.60 " " Architect's commissions, . , 4,185.37 48 Civic Club of Allegheny County Cost to secure release from tenants occupying second story pur- chased in ground rent, 700.00 Total, $113,856.80 Of the amount expended, the city contributed $65,- 000, a part of its appropriation ($5,000, made in February, 1910) having been used for maintenance. The balance was raised through the personal efforts of the Bath Board, by means of entertainments and contribu- tions from generous friends — in sums varying from $5.00 up to $10,000. Among the largest contributors of $500 and upwards were Andrew Carnegie, Jones and Laughlin, the National Tube Company, Mrs. C. L. Magee, H. C. Frick, Gibson D. Packer, Howard H. Mc- Clintic and wife, John B. Jackson, Mrs. William Thaw, Robert C. Hall and Norwood Johnston. The finances of the enterprise were most capably handled by Mrs. Gilliford B. Sweeny, the Treasurer of the Bat'h Board, and so carefully husbanded that $2,288.56 was added thereto by way of interest on de- posits. Of the present Board, the following have been ac- tive members since its organization : Mr. J. Boyd Duff (who was elected as Chairman in November, 1905), Mr. Gibson D. Packer, Chairman of Building Committee, Mr. Robert C. Hall, and Mrs. Gilliford B. Sweeny, Treasurer, Mrs. Franklin P. lams. Secretary, Mrs. Alfred Long- more, Chairman of House Committee. Mrs. Samuel L. Seymour, Mrs. Enoch Rauh and Mrs. George B. Motheral, Mrs. William H. Carothers and Mrs. S. L. Fleis'hman also having been elected to the Board within a very short time after its organization, all of these, as well as several who have had to resign, and those who have come in to take their places from time to time, have been assiduous workers. The Superintendent reports the following number Civic Club of Allegheny County 49 of baths from date of entry, August 1, 1909, to Novem- ber 1, 1910. Men, 38,432 Women, 1,623 Girls, . ' 482 Boys, 1,630 Free, 3,359 Total Baths 45,536 Number of women using laundry, 581 Number of hours the laundry was used, 2050 While the Civic Club wishes that it might have financed this enterprise without calling upon Councils after the first appropriation, and while it fiilly appre- ciates the way in w'hich Councils have recognized the importance of the work by so cheerfully responding to every call made upon them, the Club has no apology to ofifer for making these calls. These appropriations were made to the city, not to the Civic Club, through whose efforts, aided by an enlig^htened Councils and by many generous, public spirited friends (to all of whom the Club and its Baths Committee hereby tender their sin- cere thanks), one more public bathing place has been added to the number it is hoped may soon be erected throughout the city. A report of the activities of this Bath Committee would not be complete without mention of the work • done by those members of the original joint committee who were not made members of the Board that had the new building in charge, and who turned their energies to establishing in the old building a Settlement House for neighborhood uses. Among the earlier workers here, in addition to Mesdames Seymour and Longmore, of the Bath Board, were Mesdames George Porter (the first chairman), Dallas Albert, Jane Hall, L. O. Livingstone, Vitallius Matthews, James C. Dick, (Resident Secre- tary), Rufus Martin, Anna R. Stratton and J. D. Arnold (at first the Secretary, later Chairman) ; some of whom 50 Civic Club of Allegheny County 'had to give up the service for various reasons, but a number of whom have worked untiringly for all these years and have been joined by other able volunteers such as Mesdames W. M. Carothers, Louis C. Sands, J. Boyd Duff, E. P. Clark, A. B. Shaw, J. F. Shaffer, and Emily Keating. This is a most prolific field for settle- ment work, and these volunteer workers are already reaping a harvest from their arduous labors, which cover a wide range of endeavor. A children's branch of the Carnegie Library is lo- cated in this building, and numerous classes for boys, girls and women are conducted. This settlement work is not under the auspices of the Civic Club further than the contribution of the use of the building therefor; but the Club bespeaks for it a generous support. BLOCK HOUSE The threatened removal or destruc- 1902 tion of the Block House in 1902, against which the Pittsburgh Chap- ter of Daughters of the American Revolution waged a most vigorous and successful campaign, aroused the in- dignation of the various patriotic and local organiza- tions, and the Civic Club among them protested against the commercial inroads designed to obliterate the city's most historical relic. This monument was later donated by the owner of the property, Mrs. Mary E. Schenley, to the Daughters of the American Revolution, and will be preserved to the people of Pittsburgh for all time. RAILROAD ORDINANCES A great effort was 1902 made to prevent the passage of special rail- road ordinances permitting the erection of freight sta- tions and terminals at the "Point", followed a year later Civic Club of Allegheny County 51 -by a spirited encounter with Councils upon the passage of the ordinances permitting the erection of tracks on Duquesne Way. These protests were entered, not only for the purpose of preventing further congestion in this portion of the city, but because it would forever destroy any plan that might at some future date be adopted to beautify the wharves and to utilize them as public breathing spots for down-town residents, remote from the public parks. Utilitarian considerations, complicated by questions of expediency in the "compromise" with the Pennsylvania Railroad whereby the latter's tracks were forever removed from the disfigurement of Liberty Avenue, nullified this agitation. (See Trains on Liberty Street, 1904.) LECTURES IN With the beginning of the year PUBLIC SCHOOLS 1902, the Department of Educa- 1902 tion, Mrs. George H. Wilson, Chairman, arranged a course of lectures in the evenings in the public schools, most of them illustrated by stereopticon slides. Following a lec- ture by Prof. Charles Zeublin in March, a series of fifteen were given, under the direction of Dr. Francis H. Wade. These lectures were delivered in five schools, the 3rd Ward, Allegheny, Thaddeus Stevens, Friendship, Wool- slair, and Bane, in a series of one or more for three weeks in each school. The great success of this under- taking was due to the interesting subjects and the valu- able services of Dr. Wade, with Prof. Brashear, Dr. Hol- land, Dr. McAllister and Rev. T. J. Leak. LECTURES IN The enthusiasm and popular de- PUBLIC SCHOOLS mand for a repetition of the 1903 series of lectures given the year previous in the public schools prompted the Educational Department, with Mrs. J. J. 52 Civic Club of Allegheny County Covert, Chairman of the Committee, to give eighteen more lectures during 1903. Dr. F. H. Wade, Mr. Fred- erick S. Webster, Dr. Breed, Mr. Robert McGonnigle, Drs. Holmes Miller and G. W. Allyn, most efficiently- contributed to this co'urse which was arranged in groups of six schools — the Franklin, So'ho, Woolslair, Bane, Allen and the 5th Ward, Allegheny, with three lectures in each school. The Civic Club and the various School Directors were hig^hly gratified with the results of the lectures, the attendance, character of the people and evi- dent pleasure of the auditors. This work was discon- tinued after the second year, but in 1909 was again re- sumed in connection with the social center work of the Pittsburgh Playgrounds Association. TENEMENT HOUSE While the Civic Club almost REFORM from its inception 'had been 1903 deeply interested in, and seek- ing a solution of, the problem of the tenement dweller that is presented in all large com- munity centers and especially in Pittsburgh, it was not until December of 1902 that the first practical remedial step was taken by the Club Tenement Committee, of which Mrs. Franklin P. lams was at that time made Chairman, by the decision to strike at the root of the evil and make it imperative that all tenement buildings conform to certain specified sanitary requirements. Philadelphia already had a meagre tenement law, passed in 1895, which it was thought desirable not to tamper with at that time. It was therefore deemed ad- visable to present a Tenement House Bill relating to cities of the second class only — prominent Philadel- phians undertaking to enlist the legislative support of their members, which they did. With the comprehensive tenement laws of New York and Chicago and the invaluable suggestions of Civic Club of Allegheny County 53 ' Mr. Lawrence Vieller and Mr. Hector Mcintosh of Philadelphia, (a very active member of the Octavia Hill Tenement Association v^ho for many months w^as in active correspondence with the Club Chairman) as guides, the Committee consisting of Mrs. lams, Mr. E. Z. Smith, and Hon. S. S. Mehard drew up two measures which now, as supplemented by one or two ordinances, constitute Pittsburgh's Tenement House Laws. It was deemed wise to make these Bills amendments to the Bureaus of Health and Building Inspection laws, and two Bills were therefore prepared, one relating to each Bureau. These Bills were presented simultaneously in the Senate by William A. Magee and in the House by J. P. Moore, in February, 1903, and so expeditiously pressed that they were passed in March, and signed by the Governor in April. Immediately following the signing of the Bills, the Committee secured the passage of a councilmanic ordi- nance providing two Tenement House Inspectors, this small number being requested because it was after the annual appropriation had been made and only a limited amount of money was available for salaries. In recognition of the work of the Club, Mayor Hays requested it to name one of these two Inspectors, and it was fortunate in being able to name Dr. Luba N. Robin, who was made Chief Inspector by Director of Public Safety Harry Moore, and by him sent to New York to study its system of tenement inspection. As that city had a tenement house force approximating two hundred, and she had but one assistant. Dr. Robin could naturally make small headway toward establish- ing a similiar system. She, however, accomplished very wonderful results in the way of developing a plan, in- specting and listing in the first year over 3,200 houses, of which 250 were found to be tenements under the law (i. e., a house in which three or more families live and cook on the premises), most of them violating the pro- visions thereof. 54 Civic Club of Allegheny County At approximately the same time as the passage of the Pittsburgh ordinance for the appointment of two inspectors, the committee had a similar ordinance passed in Allegheny, which ordinance was most unexpectedly accompanied by a resolution stipulating that the Civic Club s'hould name the inspectors, which, however, it did not do. This gave to what is now Greater Pitts- burgh four such officers — an absurdly small number for so large a territory. At the beginning of 1904 the Club committee asked the Committee on Appropriations to provide for ten more inspectors, later modifying the request to two, but lacking the support of both Mayor Hays and Director Moore, the request was not granted. In 1905 Director Moore urged the Club not to pre- sent an ordinance for more inspectors, stating that out of the appropriations asked for by him that year he would be able to pay two more inspectors, which he deemed sufficient at that time. The Club reluctantly yielded the point, and did not itself present an ordinance asking for more inspectors until after the failure of the Finance Committee of Councils to recommend a specific sum therefor in the appropriation for 1905. Following this, early in the same year, the Club asked for three additional inspectors and in March an ordinance was passed providing for two ; which ordinance Mayor Hays — still unconvinced that Pittsburgh's tenement dis- tricts needed inspecting — promptly vetoed. It was now necessary to present the ordinance again to the new Councils, which was done and the ordinance was again passed in the early summer of 1906, thus giv- ing to what is now Greater Pittsburgh six inspectors. With the new city administration of 1906 came Dr. J. F. Edwards as Superintendent of the Bureau of Health, who, as soon as he grasped the full magnitude and the gravity of Pittsburgh's tenement problem, thor- oughly systematized the work (especially when given more inspectors) and inaugurated an aggressive cam- Civic Club of Allegheny County 55 paign of betterment. He, however, quite earnestly op- posed the Club's urging Councils to provide for an in- cieaed force of inspectors in the appropriation for 1907. The Club had been conducting a very energetic and comprehensive campaign of education as to the necessity for more inspectors and finally won Controller Larkin to its views and fully believed the time ripe for the attempt, and with the greatest reluctance refrained from asking it. In the fall of that year, stirred to action by a start- lingly plain statement as to conditions in Pittsburgh's tenement districts by that most fearless and intrepid social worker, William H. Matthews, of Kingsley House, the Chamber of Commerce made a vigorous and successful campaign for more inspectors and in the win- ter (1907-8) the force was increased from six to thirteen and has since been further added to until it now num- bers seventeen, which is still considered inadequate, even though the tenement inspectors and sanitary in- spectors to a large extent co-operate in their work. Reverting again to other efforts : the Committee made numerous attempts to secure the co-operation of other organizations, as well as the public at large, and in the spring of 1905 invited representatives of all the philanthropic associations and c'hurches and a number of leading citizens to a conference with a two-fold purpose : firstly, to secure more inspectors to enforce the laws we already had (which were never intended by the Civic Club Committee as other than temporary or tentative), and secondly, to secure co-operation in securing proper data and preparing a code therefrom for submission to the next Legislature. The meeting was largely attended and apparently most enthusiastic, and resulted in the ap- pointment of two committees ; one for the first named object, comprised principally of Civic Club members, which continued its campaign for more inspectors, the other composed of gentlemen so eminent and busy as to 56 Civic Club of Allegheny County find it impossible to fulfill the duties of their appoint- ment. In the fall of 1906, the Committee made another effort to secure co-operation, and arranged for a confer- ence between Mayor Guthrie and representatives from the Bureau of Health, Chamber of Commerce, Kingsley House, Columbian Council, Pittsburgh Playgrounds Association, Allegheny County Medical Association, the Civic Club and perhaps a few others. At this conference the Mayor was asked to advocate the appointment of a councilmanic commission to investigate tenement condi- tions and draw up a comprehensive bill for the Legisla- ture of 1907. The suggestion did not appeal to him, however, and the matter was dropped. But the Club Committee, consisting at that time of Mrs. lams and Mr. E. Z. Smith, in consultation with Dr. Edwards of the Bureau of Health, Superintendent Dies, of the Bu- reau of Building Inspection, and Superintendent Carver, of the Bureau of Plumbing Inspection, revised the laws of 1903, adding such amendments thereto as their appli- cation had demonstrated as most desirable — one of the important additions requiring registration by owners of tenements of all such properties, together with name and address of the owner or his agent. This amended Bill was introduced in the Senate by Senator Langfitt on January 29th, 1907, quickly passed by that body and sent to the House, where no opposition was anticipated, but it was unexpectedly held up in the House Commit- tee, and, by the time the cause was ascertained and re- moved, the session was nearly over and the measure did not reach a vote. Some months afterward the city ad- ministration secured the passage of an ordinance requir- ing registration by owners, which has proven of great value in the work. The attempt to secure amendments was not re- newed in 1909 — it being deemed wise to wait the pas- sage of a general revision of the Building Laws of the city. But the Chairman of the Committee noted the in- Civic Club of Allegheny County 57 troduction of a Bill modifying the requirement that all tenements over three stories high must be fireproof, — an amendment that did not strike the Superintendent of Building Inspection and some other city officials as dangerous, but which was declared by many leading con- tractors and builders who were interviewed to be a very decided backward step. Several of these men volun- teered to go to Harrisburg and oppose its passage, but quieter means were found to suppress the measure. The Committee (Mr. Cornelius D. Scully acting as Chairman) in the winter of 1910 again called a confer- ence of interested associations with a view of drafting a Bill for the session of 1911, but learning that a Sanitary Code was in process of preparation by the city, which, if passed by Councils, might obviate the necessity of further laws, postponed action until such Code should be presented to and acted upon by Councils. Again chronologically reverting: Dr. Robin, the first Chief Inspector named by the Club was married in March, 1905, and the Club was requested by Director Moore to name 'her successor, and Mrs. Samuel W. Har- per was appointed and served eiTiciently for two years, when she resigned. The Civic Club was again asked to suggest a chief inspector — this time by Director Ridge- way, who had succeeded Director Moore. For several months Mrs. lams endeavored to find a suitable party for the position (every applicant being referred by the Department to her), but was unable unqualifiedly to recommend anyone who was willing to accept the place at the salary paid — $100 a month — and so reported to the department, whereupon Mr. Steineck, who had proven a very capable inspector and had been acting as temporary chief during the efifort to find another, was made chief inspector in the late summer of 1907, which position he still fills. During the four years that the ofifice was held by the appointee suggested by the Civic Club, the c'hief inspector was in almost daily conference with the Chair- 58 Civic Club of Allegheny County man of the Club Committee, and full statements of the progress of the work were made monthly to the Board. After the resignation of Mrs. Harper, the Club did not keep in suc'h close touch with the administration of the law, and it was no longer necessary that it should — the system being by that time well established and under the personal supervision of Dr. Edwards, who, however, continued of his own accord to make full reports to the Club at frequent intervals. After the change of the city administration in the spring of 1909 and the transfer- ence of Dr. Edwards to another Bureau, no reports have been sent to the Club, doubtless because the requests therefor have not been strongly pressed. It is, however, certainly due to the public that frequent reports of the work of this and other city departments be printed and distributed — a duty in which the City of Pittsburgh is and always has been singularly and inexcusably remiss. Pittsburgh still has a tenement problem — a problem that is particularly difficult because of the thousands of old buildings that should be demolished ; a problem in which one and two family houses figure as largely as those legally termed "tenements" ; a problem in which both landlords and tenants are factors, and that demands the help of men and women of wisdom for its solution. That Pittsburgh has laws that would, if fully enforced, go far toward the solution of that problem is due, more than to any other thing, to the practical foresight, the patience, tact and perserverance of Mrs. lams, who for five or six years gave so unstintedly of her time and strength to this work, and whose interest in and desire for further and more radical betterment is unabated; and the Club desires to here record its appreciation of her service in this cause. Civic Club of Allegheny County 59 TRAVELING LIBRARIES In 1903 and 1904 an 1903 effort was made by a committee under Mrs. S. M. B. Hooker to establish Traveling Libraries for the use of citizens in small towns. Every effort was made to have the small towns apply for the libraries, letters were sent to representative citizens in the endeavor to interest them and to invite them to attend the meetings, held once every three weeks. Through Mrs. W. L. Davis, a member of the committee, 50 volumes were se- cured from the State Library at Harrisburg for Glen- s'haw. Pa. This library was located at the public school, and books distributed to the children at the discretion of the principal and teachers. At the end of six months the library was returned to Harrisburg. The next fall a public library, which at this date numbers 1000, was started by and continues under the jurisdiction of the Glenshaw Civic Club. FORESTRY The Forestry Committee under the De- 1904 partment of Art has been, since its in- ception as part of the Civic Club work in 1904, under the Chairmanship of Miss Helen Grimes. It has been difficult and uphill work, its very beginning overshadowed by the enormous amount of work that could be done, and the lack of funds with which to start it. Frequent reminders were sent by the Chairman to the departments of both cities to enforce the law fining drivers for permitting horses to injure the bark of trees and urging them to employ some one to look after the trees planted in the streets, protecting them from insect pests and other enemies. In 1905 a number of very in- teresting illustrated articles were written by Miss Grimes and published in the daily and weekly news- papers, showing not only how Pittsburg could be beau- tified by trees planted in the streets, but also directing 60 Civic Club of Allegheny County attention to the incongruous planting and the manner in which street trees were pruned. The Chairman of this committee has most per- sistenly preached the gospel of tree-planting and pres- ervation, and encouraged the women's clubs to hold yearly tree-plantings with appropriate ceremonies as educative measures. TRAINS ON A report of the number and LIBERTY STREET time of trains crossing Liberty 1904 Avenue, at Market and Sixth, from January 4th to 31st, 1904, gives evidence that the Civic Club was taking part in the agitation that led to the removal of the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks from Liberty Avenue. The record shows that seventy-five trains passed the above mentioned cor- ner between the hours of 8.15 A. M. and 6.15 P. M. dur- ing that month. The grade crossing was a matter for serious atten- tion not only in Pittsburgh proper but in Allegheny, and it was only after great pressure was brought to bear upon the railroad companies and Councils that they have been practically abolished. COURT HOUSE The Art Department was not ALTERATIONS only keenly alive to the possi- 1904 bilities of beautifying the city by the care and planting of trees, but as far back as 1904 at an open meeting urged upon the County Commissioners, who had proposed to en- large the County Court House, that any exterior altera- tions would likely destroy or at least detract from the artistic beauty and simplicity of this building. Each suggestion that has been made by various architects or Civic Club of Allegheny County 61 by the Commissioners to enlarge the Court House by adding- anywhere from three to forty stories has been met with a storm of opposition not only from the Civic Club but the architects' associations and numerous other clubs and individuals. Be it said to the great credit of the Commissioners of 1910 that they have solved the problem in a most satisfactory manner from an artistic and economic standpoint by deciding to purchase an additional adjacent square for the proposed improve- ment. COMMITTEE ON In the past five years the fight TUBERCULOSIS against tuberculosis 'has made 1905 wonderful progress in Pitts- burgh. At the time the Civic Club took up the matter, there was no other organiza- tion in the city doing any special work directed toward the prevention and elimination of this dread disease. The Anti-Tuberculosis Committee of the Civic Club was appointed in 1905, with Dr. T. W. Grayson, Chair- man, and found immediate work in appearing before the appropriations committee of council and urging that $5,000 be given for the establishment of a tuberculosis camp in connection with the City Poor Farm at Mar- shalsea. The number of cases then was found to be alarming, and the immediate necessity for some remedial measure imperative. The Committee's activity was re- warded by the passage of the ordinance. Through t'he courtesy of Dr. J. P. Shaw, then Director of Charities, this committee visited Marshalsea in May, 1905, and assisted in the selection of the site for the "Hill Camp" at the City Farm. One well equipped wooden building was completed as soon as possible. This pavillion is only for males, and has a capacity of some eighteen or twenty. Following this successful effort, the Committee endorsed the request of Dr. Shaw for an additional 62 Civic Club of Allegheny County $5,000, which was granted for similar work among the female patients at ]\Iarshalsea. This committee has also been more or less active in other tuberculosis work in Pittsburgh. Its members took an active part in the formation of "the Pittsburgh Society for the Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculo- sis," and through the efforts of the chairman, a tuber- culosis clinic was opened for patients at the Pittsburgh Free Dispensary, and conducted for four months. At the instance of one of the resident workers at the Columbian Settlement House, a tuberculosis exhibit was brought to Pittsburgh in May, 1907, under the aus- pices of the Pittsburgh Society for the Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis assisted by the Columbian Council and the Civic Club. The Civic Club was the headquarters with an executive secretary, employed to arrange this exhibit. It was the first large educational measure that was undertaken in this work in our com- munity, and many thousands visited Old City Hall in the ten days it was there. Later the Columbian Settle- ment, Woods Run, South Side, West End, and Wilkins- burg in turn housed the exhibit. In its desire not to everlap or duplicate the work of the new Tuberculosis League which started at about this time, the committee during the next year was not so ac- tive. Plans, however, were being made that developed a new field for action. (See Open-Air Schools, 1909.) MEDICAL INSPECTION Among the "significant 1905 facts" noted by Gulick and Ayres in their "Medi- cal Inspection of Schools" is an extract from the Memo- randum of the British Board of Education which states Medical Inspection "seeks to secure ultimately for every child, normal or defective, conditions of life compatible with that full and effective development of its organic functions, its special senses, and its mental powers, which constitute a true education". Civic Club of Allegheny County 63 In the earlier period of the Civic Club, as far back as 1898, the Educational Department advised the neces- sity for medical inspection in the schools, but it was not until seven years later that any active steps were taken to give the school children necessary medical attention in many cases not received through the home, to insure the physical development of the child commensurate with the education it is expected to receive. In November, 1905, the Department of Education of the Civic Club initiated the campaign for medical inspec- tion in the schools through its newly elected chairman, Mrs. William Macrum, to whose active, faithful and effi- cient services the ultimate success of this movement was largely due. A committee was at once appointed to interview school directors, who in most cases heartily agreed that medical inspection would be of great benefit to the schools ; that a large percentage of the children in the public schools had some definite physical defect; that a considerable portion of these children were one, two or even three years behind in their grades because of these defects ; that a large proportion of epidemics and the spread of communicable diseases emanated from the schools ; but who added that they had no funds provided for the purpose. The committee then decided to enlist the sympathy of the medical profession in their plan, and were grati- fied beyond their hopes by the generous offer of several physicians to give their services without remuneration until the system should be fairly established. In the mean time the Chairman of the Department had in- quired of the City Physician as to the advisability of be- ginning the work at once as an experiment, and he had expressed his satisfaction with the plan, and promised his co-operation at some future time. The first inspection took place in December, 1905, at the Bellefield School, Dr. Wholey, who later served as Chairman of the Committee, being the physician in 64 Civic Club of Allegheny County charge; Mrs. J. L. Francis, a member of the committee from the Civic Club, acting as his aid. The report of this first inspection, read at the next meeting of the committee, deely impressed all vvrho heard it and convinced them that the introduction of medical inspection w^ould involve no serious difficulty. The Allegheny County Medical Association then offered to appoint physicians to inspect all the schools, provided the consent of the respective school boards could be ob- tained by the members of the Civic Club committee. Let- ters wrere accordingly sent by Mrs. Macrum to fifty-one schools boards, including schools in Pittsburgh, Alle- gheny and the adjoining suburbs. Favorable answers were received from about half of the school boards, and Dr. Matheny, as chairman of the committee appointed by the Allegheny County Medical Association to co- operate with the Club, had the work begun at once in several schools. Twenty-four schools were inspected by the following physicians. Dr. W. F. Donaldson — Grant School; Dr. Alice R. Evans— North School; Dr. J. P. Hegarty — Hancock School ; Dr. R. V. Swanton — Ral- ston School ; Dr. P. W. Bushong — Moorhead School ; Dr. J. M. Russell— Springfield School; Dr. M. Chess— O'Hara School; Dr. J. G. Burke — Minersville School; Dr. F. A. Rhodes— Minersville No. 2; Dr. F. A. Holt— Minersville No. 3; Dr. W. H. Glynn— Minersville No. 4; Dr. W. H. Ewing— Minersville No. 5; Dr. C. C. Wholey— Bellefield School; Dr. B. B. Wood— Soho School ; Dr. J. J. Schill — Lawrence School ; Dr. A. Mc- Kibben — Andrews School ; Dr. F. Kenworthy — Wool- slair School; Dr. G. W. Rail— Lincoln School; Dr. W. H. Rodgers — Lemington Sc'hool ; Dr. Ralph Duffey — Larimer School; Dr. H. M. Hall, Shakespeare School, of East Liberty District; Dr. A. F. B. Morris — Home- wood School; Dr. C. B. McAboy— Belmar ; Dr. E. J. Thompson — Fifth Ward, Allegheny. In order that the doctors might work with system, and that parents and teachers might be enabled to aid Civic Club of Allegheny County 65 them, in the endeavor to safeguard the children against epidemic and other diseases, several thousand copies of "Instructions to Teachers", "Letters to Parents", and inspection cards to be filled so as to designate the par- ticular disease or defect of each patient and and also test cards to detect deficient eyesight, were printed at the expense of the Civic Club. These wrere kept in the office of the Club, within convenient reach of the doc- tors interested; and were used by them for their visits of inspection to the schools. The Civic Club committee, after two years' pioneer educative work of systematized inspection in 24 schools, the introduction of a Bill in the 1907 Legislature, that failed to pass, and an additional year of constructive work in preparation for t'he presentation of another bill it expected to introduce in 1909, prepared a petition and appeared before the Educational Commission appointed by Governor Stuart at its first meeting held in Pitts- burg^h in May, 1908, and urged that it embody in its School Code a provision for medical inspection in schools. Conferences were held and correspondence conducted on the subject, which resulted in the Com- mission embodying in its Code the committee's provi- sions, with the exception that medical inspection was made mandatory in large cities and permissive in smaller school districts. In December, 1908, the Civic Club committee called and held a conference of representatives from the Allegheny County Medical Society, the Bureau of Health, the Central Board of Education and the Princi- pals and Teachers Associations, at which time a draft of t'he committee's medical inspection provision was pre- sented and a joint letter sent to the Commission urging it to make medical inspection mandatory in large cities and in large communities adjacent, instead of permis- sive as the Commission intended. The commission ac- ceded only so far as large cities were concerned. The School Code was so badlv mutilated bv the 66 Civic Club of Allegheny County Legislature of 1909, however, that Governor Stuart re- fused to sign it, and this second attempt to secure a medical inspection law failed. In the mean time our city was so fortunate as to have Dr. J. F. Edwards appointed Superintendent of the Bureau of Health, and he, fully recognizing the importance of such inspection, suggested that the supervision of this volunteer inspection, and the expenses etc. connected therewith be turned over to his Bureau, with the hope and expectation that the city would shortly authorize it to be properly installed in all the schools at the City's expense. The committee ac- ceeded to this request, and shared Dr. Edwards' disap- pointment when it was finally decided that it would not be feasible at that time (Winter 1907-08). After the failure to secure through the Legislature a mandatory law, the Civic Club committee, being favor- able to medical inspection either under the direction of the school authorities or the Bureau of Health, exerted its influence in both directions, and therefore early in the fall of 1909 waited upon Mayor Magee to ascertain his views and urge his co-operation, and also communi- cated with Dr. E. R. Walters of the Department of Health in relation to this matter. About the same time a sub-committee went before the Central Board of Edu- cation, realizing that while that body had the power to appoint medical inspectors only for the High Schools, each school board being absolutely a power unto itself, the example of its adoption by the Central Board would give more encouragement to the individual boards. The matter at this meeting was referred to the finance com- mittee. Beginning with November, 1909, a more active cam- paign was started to bring the matter before the in- dividual boards of directors of public schools. Letters were written to the presidents of the school boards re- questing an audience for a representative of the Civic Club to present a practical working scheme for medical inspection. (Of this number, nine already had regularly Civic Club of Allegheny County 67 appointed physicians and one other immediately in- stalled the work — in almost all cases a direct result of the volunteer inspection). Answers granting the re- quests were received from 32 schoolboards, and repre- sentatives of the Club were sent. Audiences listened to their arguments with interest. Opinions favorable to medical inspection were expressed by a large number of the individual members of the boards. In every case it was either promised or implied that further considera- tion would be given the subject. At the end of Decem- ber, 1909, it was learned that the Department of Health was considering the adoption of a system of inspection in all the public schools. In pursuance of this policy the several school boards were advised by the Depart- ment of Health of its proposed institution of medical inspection and were given assurance that the adminis- tration was prepared to proceed with the matter as rapidly as possible, and the Civic Club was requested to desist from its efforts in this behalf. The committee therefore notified the school boards of the assurance given that medical inspection would be instituted by the city, which system if efficiently installed would accom- plish the purpose of the committee, and that, deeming it inexpedient and inadvisable to further urge its adoption upon the school boards severally, the Club would dis- continue its efforts until such time as the Department of Health had a reasonable opportunity to install the system. In the spring of 1910 an appropriation of $30,000.00 was included in the budget of the Department of Health for 27 medical inspectors. Following a civil service ex- amination these appointments and assignments were made and under the direction of the chief medical in- spector, Dr. H. B. Burns, class-room inspection has been included in the regular routine of the public school work. 68 Civic Club of Allegheny County CHILD LABOR Legislation prescribing how long a 1905 child shall work, when and where and under what circumstances, is of comparatively very recent date in any of the States, and Pennsylvania has probably been slower to respond to the call for reform than most of her sisters. Among the first attempts to pass reformative or restrictive legislation was that of 1905. At this session of the Legislature a bill was presented providing, among other things, that in certain specified occupa- tions, a child should not be employed until he was four- teen (an earlier enactment having fixed the age at 12), that working certificates should not, as heretofore, be issued by magistrates and notaries, but should be issued by factory inspectors and school authorities only, and 'that an educational test should be required of each child. A vigorous campaign was waged in both ends of the State — in this end by the Civic Club ; Mrs. F. P. lams, as the Legislative Chairman of the Club, by her well-directed, systematic energy carried on the work not only in this but in every successive campaign in a most effective and vigorous man- ner, and her office became the headquarters for many interesting meetings between legislators, fac- tory inspectors and representatives of different associa- tions familiar with conditions, such as Kingsley House and the Columbian Settlement, etc. Members of the Legislature from this district were thus interested in the cause ; letters were written to all who could not be seen personally ; Miss Kate C. McKnight, President of the Club, went to Harrisburg to watch the progress of the Bill there. The Civic Club committee, decidedly active by this time, arranged a mass meeting which was held March 11, 1905, chief among the speakers being Mr. Owen Lovejoy, Secretary of the National Child Labor Association, and Mrs. Florence Kelly of the Con- sumers League. The meeting was very large and en- thusiastic, many manufacturers or their representatives Civic Club of Allegheny County 69 were present and took part in the discussion, rendering the proceedings somewhat lively by their criticisms of the project and engaging in personal tilts with the legis- lative Chairman. The result of this campaign was the final passage of the Bill. Later, however, the Courts decided that some of the provisions of the measure were unconstitu- tional, but a very distinct gain was left in the advanced age limit from 12 to 14 years. SCHOLARSHIPS In the fall of 1905 after this provi- 1905 sion become a law Miss Torrens, one of the deputy factory inspect- ors, reported among others several children working under the regular age limit, upon w'hose small earnings a fam- ily was largely dependent. Through Mrs. Herbert Du Puy, one of the interested members of the Civic Club, a scholarship fund of good proportion was started, to which the John Hart Chapter of the Children of the Revolution and the American Federation of Labor con- tributed. Two boys and one girl were kept in school, and given their regular vacation as well, for a period covering nearly two years, the equivalent of their weekly salary being paid to their mothers. CHILD LABOR In 1907 two Bills were presented 1907 embodying the same general princi- ples for which the advocates of child labor regulations were contending, known as the Dempsey and Townsend Bills. In their essentials these Bills were the same (and very similar to that later passed in 1909), and the Pennsylvania Child Labor Com- mittee of Philadelphia, the State Federation, and the Civic Club of Allegheny County decided to support the 70 Civic Club of Allegheny County Townsend Bill. Thereupon followed a campaign which has gone down in legislative history as one of the most remarkable in its annals. There was more general ac- tivity in this section of the State than in the eastern, though Mr. Nearing, for the Philadelphia committee, and his assistants did yeoman service. Mrs. lams, who in the interim had been busily engaged in assisting the eastern part of the State in drafting more advanced legis- lation, again directed the committee of the Civic Club which in turn invited the associations likely to be inter- ested to co-operate. The Teachers' Association, the Principals' Association, the Pittsburgh Playgrounds As- sociation, the Consumers' League, several labor organ- izations, two or three Boards of Trade, Catholic and Hebrew Associations, Twentieth Century Club, Daugh- ters of the American Revolution and many in- dividuals joined, and a veritable whirlwind cam- paign followed. Thousands of letters and tele- grams were sent advocating the passage of the Townsend Bill and protesting against the Hapgood or Delaney "Administration" Bill (which had been pre- sented as an amendment to the Factory Laws) ; minis- ters were asked to preach upon the subject and a con- stant lobbying force was kept at Harrisburg; Prof. Anthony, Miss McKnight, Mr. Fernald, Miss Kennard, Miss Grimes, Mrs. Ammon and others going from Pitts- burgh. To awaken an intelligent interest in this matter throughout this vicinity another public meeting was held by the Club on March 9, 1907, w'hen Mr. Lovejoy of N. Y., Mr. Nearing and Miss Sanville of Philadel- phia and many others spoke. Previous to this the ex- penses involved had been met entirely by the Civic Club, but following this meeting twenty-eight organizations joined in the work and the majority of this number con- tributed toward the expenses incurred for printing, post- age, and traveling expenses. The fight waxed fast and furious up to the very last day of the Legislature, and, while the Townsend Bill Civic Club of Allegheny County 71 failed to pass, so many amendments were engrafted upon Delaney's Factory Bill that it was withdrawn and no Bill passed at this session. An important forward step was taken, however, in the passage of a Bill rais- ing the compulsory education limit at which a child may stop school to go to work, from 13 to 14 years. ALLEGHENY COUNTY The team-work of the CHILD LABOR Pittsburgh workers had ASSOCIATION proved so satisfactory in 1907 this campaign, that the Civic Club decided to effect a permanent association for this section. In July of 1907 the Allegheny County Child Labor Association was organized and Prof. John W. Anthony chosen as its first President. Thereafter the principal work was carried on through this Association, the Civic Club, however, being an affiliated working member, again assisted in the campaign of 1909. The history would not be complete without noting that this campaign, whidh was also re- markable for its vigor and able management, resulted in the passage of an Act which in the main is a very satisfactory one, its essentials being: 1. No child under 14 shall work in factories, stores, mines, etc. 2. Documentory proof of age must be furnished. 3. Working certificates can be issued only by the sdhool authorities. 4. Age limit in bituminous coal mines raised from 12 to 14 years. 5. Maximum hours per day reduced from 12 to 10, and per week from 60 to 58. (i. That no boy under sixteen or girl under 18 shall work before 6 A. M. or after 9 P. M., with glass house and messenger boy exceptions. The friends of the measures were disappointed that 72 Civic Club of Allegheny County in order to secure the foregoing provisions it was again necessary to compromise with the glass men and make an exception, whereby boys between the ages of 14 and 16 may worlc all night in any business that is continuous in its processes. This exception, unfortunately, while not intended to include any save glass-house boys, was so worded that it was later found to permit all-night work by boys of similiar age in messenger service. It is the intention to continue the campaign in the 1911 Legisla- ture to secure prohibition of suc'h night work. DOWN-TOWN LIBRARIES The Educational De- 1905 partment was a most active section during the year of 1905, and, in addition to the work already accomplished, was studying the question and advocating the institution of sectional night schools. Through the press and conferences with merchants, the attention of the public was called to the need of a down-town branch of the Carnegie Library. Later on this was ac- complished through a call station located on the first floor of Kaufmanns' store. This later had to be aban- doned, however, because the transportation of the books to and from the library became a stupendous task, the library 'having no vehicle of its own for this purpose. It was the intention of the library authorities to establish another down-town branch with proper delivering fa- cilities, but the reduction of the appropriation from Councils made this impossible. CONVENTIONS In December of 1905, Hon. Wil- 1905 liam M. Kennedy and Mr. Charles B. Price, representing the Civic Club, attended the National Convention on Immigration or THE ^ ilVERSlTY )■) OF Civic Club of Allegheny County 73 held in New York, upon appointment by Governor Pennypacker. SUBWAY Improved transportation facilities have for 1905 a number of years demanded and received the attention of the Club, and a deep inter- est has naturally been taken in all proposed plans for a subway as a possible means of relieving congestion. Governor Pennypacker recognized the interest of the Club by inviting it to send representatives to a meeting held in Harrisburg; at the annual meeting of 1906 an address was made upon the subject, and at various times members of the committee appointed have participated in discussions before Councils and elsewhere. STATE LEGISLATION In addition to the Child 1905 Labor Bills introduced in the Legislature of 1905, the Civic Club endorsed, by letter and interview, the Mc- Elroy Bill amending the Juvenile Court Laws ; Mause Bill providing for establishment of Parental Schools for Habitual Truants; two Bills for the establishment of sanitariums for consumptives; the Riley Bill abolishing capital punishment; and a Bill for the registration of trained nurses. GROUPING OF As the Civic Club has always PUBLIC BUILDINGS been in sympathy with the 1906 proposals looking toward the grouping of public buildings on some commanding site, it was resolved to indorse the plans which the Pittsburgh Chapter of the American Institute of Architects had prepared for such a group 74 Civic Club of Allegheny County around a plaza to be laid out on the "hump," extending from the Court House to Sixth Avenue. Accordingly a committee was appointed to second the efforts to have these plans considered, and, if possible, adopted by Councils. In May, 1906, the Civic Club united with the Pitts- burgh Chapter, American League of Architects, in hav- ing a lecture given in Carnegie Hall by Mr. Albert Kel- sey, of Philadelphia, on "A Pittsburgh Possible", show- ing what a magnificent city might be built ^here, instead of the haphazard conglomeration which now appears within the embrace of our three great rivers. THE SURVEY In January, 1907, the Charities and 1907 Commons of New York, desiring to publish a special Pittsburgh edition, through Mr. Paul Kellogg, asked that the Civic Club help meet the expense of this publication by a donation to cover the detailed investigation dealing with poverty. Miss McKnight, then President of the Club, was very enthusiastic over the plan and appointed Miss Edna Meeker as Chairman of a committee for this special work. Miss Louisa W. Knox volunteered her services as special investigator. Poverty, its phases, its preven- tion ; charitable agencies, their methods, subsidy and sources of revenue, were to be the specific matters in- vestigated. Mr. Kellogg having been informed of the Civic Club's assistance through a special investigator, further suggested that a donation for expert survey, such as traveling and hotel expenses of heads of the depart- ments supervisiing this work, would be appreciated. In response to this suggestion the Civic Club contributed $50.00. The original plan was never put in operation, for the work, once begun, developed such proportions that the plan to embrace the whole report in one edition of the magazine was abandoned. The Russell Sage Civic Club of Allegheny County 75 Foundation assumed the financial obligations and ulti- mately stood sponsor for the project. GREATER PITTSBURGH Possibly the greatest 1907 cause for public rejoicing in 1907 was the fact that the actual consolidation of Pittsburgh and Allegheny was effected in December of that year through laws passed at a special session of the Legislature in April, 1906, voted upon in the two cities in June of the same } ear and sustained by the Supreme Court in 1907. The contest over this progressive step was long drawn out and the Civic Club was proud to have been among the other civic bodies t'hat co-operated, and sent representa- tives to Harrisburg to speak in favor of the consolida- tion of the twin cities. INCREASED GAS RATES The Civic Club sent 1907 representatives to Har- risburg when Mayor Guthrie lifted his hand against the unwarranted raise in the price of gas, and stood ready to serve in the best course deemed advisable to pursue against this monopoly. STATE LEGISLATION The beginning of the year 1907 1907 ushered in the legisla- tive session in Harris- burg, which incidentally increased the Club's activities and directed its energies toward securing better legisla- tion for Child Labor, to safeguard the interests of the thousands of children of the State of Pennsylvania; Compulsory Education, an important measure to har- monize compulsory education law with factorv law; 76 Civic Club of Allegheny County Civil Service Reform ; Free Library Commission, to send school libraries into districts which had no access to public libraries; regulation of sweat-shop work; protection of children from neglect, cruelty and abandonment ; better Juvenile Court legislation ; Juvenile Court Fee Bills; limited probationary system for convicts, to provide a humane and wise system of probation for convicts in penitentiaries which would give them a chance to "try again" for a better life; Anti-Expectoration ; regulation of billboards ; two Bills introduced by the Civic Club, one for Free Medical Inspection in Schools, and one revising the Tenement House Laws for cities of the second class, (both of which were lost) ; and Camp Schools for Foreigners, to provide for establishment of schools where foreigners may receive instruction in English. FEDERAL LEGISLATION In Washington the 1907 Civic Club urged the passage of a National Pure Food Bill, and joined with the American Civic Association in the fight to save Niagara Falls from com- mercial vandalism. The latter, while regulated to a small extent, is by no means a settled question. MISS MCKNIGHT'S The death of Miss Kate Cas- DEATH satt McKnight on August 15th, 1907 1907, came as a crushing blow not only to the Civic Club, whose President she had been since 1902, but to the en- tire community. It has not been possible in the foregoing history of the Civic Club to show the part which she, as one of its founders, took in each individual movement ; but she Civic Club of Allegheny County gave freely of her time, 'her ability, her strength ; and her purse was open, not only for her public works, but for many private charities. Her patience with troublesome questions, her self- denial and heroism, her cheerfulness, unselfishness, charity and kindly thoughtfulness 'have left their imprint upon the work which she promoted and fostered and upon the workers with whom she came in contact and who loved her. Miss McKnight was especially fitted, by natural en- dowment and special study, to foster all forms of civic betterment and public education. Her higih ideals, patriotism, devotion, loyalty and faith in the city which her forefathers 'had founded formed the underlying principles of her life work, and proved the altar upon which she laid her life as a sacrifice. HOME FOR In order to cover the problem TRUANT CHILDREN dealing with the truant child 1907 as taken up by the Educa- tional Department of the Civic Club, it is necessary to go back five years. At this time in Western Pennsylvania there were but two insti- tutions for the care of delinquent boys and girls : Mor- ganza, the reform school (a State institution), and the Boys' School at Oakdale, which preferred to take only homeless and more or less dependent white boys ; there- fore there was no place to send the incorrigible child or habitual truant save to the former institution. A com- mittee with Dr. Francis Henry Wade as Chairman was appointed in January 1002 to ascertain if any further legislation would be necessary to enable it to have truant children committed to its care in a 'house of de- tention, if such a home should be established by the Civic Club. It was found that additional legislation was not necessary according to a legislative enactment. 78 Civic Club of Allegheny County known as "An Act to provide for the attendance, and for reports of attendance of the children in the schools of this Commonwealth". In view of this fact the Chair- man advocated the establishment of a home for the com- mitment of such truant children as were being sent to Morganza. The detail matter connected with this move- ment covered a long period. In included the collection of data covering the number of truant children sent to the truant school, and the number of the habit- ual or incorrigible truants sent to the reform school. It included numberless interviews with the boards of control and directors, truant officers, etc. The investigation resulted in an effort to raise the standard of the truant school and to assist the truant officers to place the children in private homes. In 1905 the committee, with Mrs. J. P. O'Connor, Chairman, again took up the investigation and was in turn followed by a committee reorganized under Mrs. V. Matthews, to consider the establishment of a truant school in Pitts- burgh. A number of meetings were held, and the sub- ject thoroughly discussed with various people and repre- sentatives of several associations likely to be most inter- ested, including the Juvenile Court Association, Central Board of Education, the Principals' and Teachers' Asso- ciations, Allegheny County Bar Association, City and County Controllers, and County Commissioners. The conclusion was finally reached that the need of our com- munity was broader than could be served solely by a truancy school. That there are quite a number of in- corrigible truants who vex the school principals and teachers was found to be true, but the number was not so great as to justify the establishment of an expensive school to meet that need alone. It developed, however, while pursuing this subject, that there was quite an imperative need for a training school for boys in our community, to which the Juvenile Court might commit incorrigible truants and other delinquent boys. In 1908 this committee also took up with the proper Civic Club of Allegheny County 79 authorities the possibility of securing the Allegheny- City Poor-farm at Claremont, (it being rumored that it might be abandoned upon the consolidation of the two cities), for use as an industrial home for the children who came under the care of the Juvenile Court. It was learned that there was no immediate likelihood of any change being made whereby the Poor-farm would be used for any other purposes than at present. The Truancy Committee, therefore, after carefully, canvassing the entire subject, reported in September, 1908, to the Board of Directors of the Civic Club their finding — that the greatest community need was for a boys' training school to be established either by the City, County or State. The report of Mrs, Matthews' committee having been considered and accepted by the Board of Directors of the Civic Club, it appointed a steering committee to use the information gathered by the Truancy Committee and to take charge of the promotion of such a school. The Truancy Committee merged with the above com- mittee and the solution of the problem followed in the years 1908 and 1909. ALLEGHENY COUNTY With the creation of a INDUSTRIAL AND steering committee which TRAINING SCHOOL was to make definite plans FOR BOYS for a 'home for boys of the 1908 Juvenile Court (including incorrigible truants, delin- quents, etc.,) Rev. R. M. Little was appointed Chair- man in September, 1908. Discussion was at first cen- tered upon the establishment of a State school, parental as distinguished from penal in its type, to serve Alle- gheny and surrounding counties, the board of nine mem- bers to be appointed by the Governor. Finally, however, it was decided to try to get a provision for such a school incorporated into the School Code, then being prepared 80 Civic Club of Allegheny County by the State School Commission. Accordingly a draft of the plan for a training school was sent to the Secre- tary of the State Commission, Prof. George W. Phillips, West Chester, Pa., for the Commission's consideration. The subject was also discussed with Mr. D. B. Oliver, the Pittsburg representative on that Commission, in per- son. The School Commission declined to incorporate this feature in the School Code, and this necessitated the consideration of some other method of procedure. Finally the committee unanimously decided to have a Bill drafted applicable to Allegheny County, the board of nine members to be appointed by the Common Pleas Judges, which members in conjunction with the three County Commissioners should establish the school, and have it in immediate dharge. The money for its estab- lishment and maintenance was to be provided by the County. When this plan for the school was fully decided upon, a sub-committee, in conjunction with Mr. George Alter, a member of the Civic Club and representative from the Thirteenth Legislative District, redrafted the subject matter into the form of a Bill, which after hearty approval on the part of the committee, was introduced into the House by Mr. Alter, under whose most skilful management it passed both Houses as drafted, without opposition, and was signed by Governor Stuart on May 1, 1909. Great credit is due to Representative Alter for his masterly handling of this matter in the Legislature. The text of the Bill, in brief, is a mandatory provi- sion for the establis'hment of schools supplementary to the school system of the Commonwealth in each county having a population of 750,000 and not over 1,200,000; said schools to be open the entire year, and established on the cottage home plan, to be presided over by a superintendent, trained in educational and social work ; the buildings to be substantially constructed, provided with baths, play-grounds, sleeping-rooms and kitchen; ample grounds to be provided for farming, dairying, and Civic Club of Allegheny County 81 out-door recreation; and that as far as possible the men- tal, moral, and physical welfare and advancement of the children therein detained be adequately provided for. The schools shall be established on farms, and managed by the Board of Managers, nine of vs^hom shall be ap- pointed by the Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas, who with the County Commissioners shall constitute said Board. The appropriation for this school to be paid by the County, either by tax levy or by issue of bonds as the County Commissioners shall deem wise. After the law had been enacted, the Civic Club committee de- cided that it would be entirely proper for a sub-com- mittee from their number to wait upon the Board of Judges. The Committee appraised the Judges of the nature of the law, its pressing need and the importance* of the early appointment of the Board of Managers. The Board of Judges thereupon granted the sub-committee a hearing in June, 1909, and within two weeks the Board of Managers was appointed. As Chairman of the steer- ing committee, Dr. Little was made a member of this Board, as were also several other members of the Civic Club. Preliminary to formulating plans for the school, the Board took hold of the enterprise with intelligence and interest, and there is every reason to believe that in the near future Allegheny County will have a training school for delinquent boys, helpful to the boys, a credit to the County and State and an honor to the Civic Club w'hich conceived and promoted the enterprise. The School will be known as the Allegheny County Industrial and Training School for Boys, and is to be located at Thorn Hill, Marshall Township, Allegheny and Butler Counties, on the Pittsburg, Butler and Har- mony Railroad. 82 Civic Club of Allegheny County REMOVAL OF The Social Science Depart- PENITENTIARY ment, under its wide-awake 1908 Chairman, Mrs. lams, learning that the State Board of Char- ities was discussing plans for improving the conditions at the Western Penitentiary by the erection of new buildings outside of Pittsburgh, immediately endorsed the plan, through correspondence with the State Board and recommended removal to a large site vvhere not only vegetables and other farm products could be raised, but where tuberculous patients could be cared for apart from the other prisoners. This movement has gained many supporters, chief among whom is the progressive Warden of the institution, Mr. John Francies, and bids fair to result in the enabling legislation during the present session. PURE MILK In May, 1908, one of the open meetings 1908 of the Educational Department was devoted solely to the Milk Commission and its efforts to supply pure milk to the people of Pittsburgh. In order to make more forceful the value of encouraging this movement, which the Civic Club most heartily endorsed, it co-operated by calling the attention of the members to its importance through in- teresting addresses by members of the Commission with illustrated charts upon the subject. CIVIC EXHIBIT The Civic Club was one of the 1908 hosts for the annual joint conven- tion of the National Municipal League and American Civic Association which was held November 16, 1908 in the Chamber of Commerce and Trinity Chapel. The Club was also represented in the civic exhibit held at Carnegie Institute from the above Civic Club of Allegheny County 83 date to December 31st, 1908. The reports of investiga- tions of certain living conditions in the city formed the nucleus around which the various civic and altruistic agencies of the city hung exhibits showing the results of their efforts and labor for civic betterment. CONSERVATION In April, 1908, resolutions were 1908 sent by the Civic Club to Theo- dore Roosevelt, then President of the United States, expressing its gratification because of his action in calling a conference of the governors of all the States, with their advisors, the Senators and Repre- sentatives in Congress, as well as members of national organizations interested in the present and future de- velopment of this country, to consider the "Conserva- tion of our Natural Resources" and ultimately to secure improved State and Federal legislation to provide for the future commercial and industrial welfare of the nation. FREE BRIDGES As one of the many civic bodies 1908 interested, the Civic Club sent rep- resentatives who appeared before Councils in October, 1908, advocating the freeing of the bridges as soon as practicable. CAMP SCHOOL The active interest of the Civic 1908 Club in educational work among foreigners had its beginning in April, 1908, when the Society for Italian Immigrants of New York requested the Civic Club and the Twentieth Century Club to undertake the supervision of the camp school for Italian laborers located at the filtration plant 84 Civic Club of Allegheny County in Aspinwall. This school had been established by Miss Sara Moore, the Society's superintendent of camp schools. Committees from the Civic Club, with Mrs. E. Vermorcken, Chairman, and from the Twentieth Cen- tury Club, Mrs. A. M. Imbrie, Chairman, were appointed and under their direction the work was continued until the camp was disbanded upon completion of the filtra- tion plant. The school building was then moved to Am- bridge, Pa., where the Society for Italian Immigrants has established another school for adult foreigners. EDUCATIONAL WORK As a result of the interest AMONG FOREIGNERS aroused in the welfare and 1909 education of our foreign population through the work in the camp school, a Committee on Work among Foreigners with Miss Martha E. Kelly, Chairman, was appointed in the fall of 1909 in the Educational Depart- ment of the Civic Club, with the idea of ultimately or- ganizing civic clubs among foreigners. Classes were formed and instruction in English and civics given. In two rooms of the Soho Bath-house successful night classes were held, beginning March 8, 1910, on Tuesday and Thursday evenings, under the direction of Miss Mary Breeze, Miss St. Peter, Miss Mary Wilson, Miss Susan Maple, A'liss Belle McMillan and two or three assistants. Several large open meetings were held, a feature of these being an address in a foreign tongue (according to the nationality of the audience), and stereopticon views of some of the scenic wonders of the United States. In May, 1910, this committee of the Educational De- partment called a conference of representatives of or- ganizations now engaged in civic and educational work among foreigners in Pittsburgh. The purpose of the con- ference was simply to bring the workers together for Civic Club of Allegheny County the mutual benefit to be derived from an exchange of ideas and a discussion of methods. Addresses were made dealing with the work done by the Church, the Y. M. C. A., the public schools and the Carnegie Library, The necessity for co-operation among existing agencies was so strongly felt that it was decided to make the confer- ence an annual event. Immediately following this conference a number of prominent Italians, under the leadership of Rev. Salva- tore Musso, held a meeting June twenty-ninth, 1910, at which they appointed a committee to co-operate with the Civic Club in a plan which should directly result in the civic betterment of their own people in this community. In the fall of 1910, following a summer vacation, the evening classes for foreigners were again started in the Soho Bath-house every Tuesday and Thursday evening. At the same time the committee was extending its work by making arrangements for opening other classes in the Ralston School and Lawrenceville district. In pur- suance of the policy adopted the year before, entertain- ments have been arranged for every month during the season. OPEN-AIR In February, 1909, through the efforts of SCHOOL the Tuberculosis Committee of the Civic 1909 Club, an open-air school was provided on one of the porches of the Tuberculosis Hospital and was equipped with desks and books. The salary of a teacher was assumed and continued until September, 1910. The money for this undertaking was raised by enthusiastic and energetic members of the committee, including Miss Katherine Eichleay, Miss Mary Gleim, Mrs. S. A. Pickering and Mrs. Paul Sturte- vant, with two generous contributions from the Women's Southern Society. The Hospital supplied the sleeping bags and the three meals a day to the pupils, whose number varied 86 Civic Club of Allegheny County from 12 to 15. These children had four hours of study and two hours of rest and gained in weight on an aver- age of 55^ pounds. At the same time the attention of the public was drawn to the advantages accruing from this method of treating backward school children in other cities and interest was solicited toward the demand for it in Pittsburgh. The statistics, so far as the work has gone, show that there are probably enough children afflicted with tuberculosis in our city to fill such an open-air school in each ward. It is the aim of the committee to see that such schools are established wherever needed. An open meeting was held in Carnegie Hall in January, 1910, arranged by Dr. W. C. White, Chairman, Dr. E. B. McCready and Dr. T. W. Grayson, the latter giving an illustrated lecture upon what has been done not only for the tuberculous but aenemic and backward children in schools of other cities. Dr. Grayson has appeared before the Principals and Teachers Associations of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and found much interest and willingness to co-operate on the part of those who know, by their contact with the children committed to their charge, what advantages there would be in the provision for an open-air depart- ment in each public school building. The committee 'has divided the work among sub- committees under the headings of literature, lectures and publicity. A public campaign has been begun by sending the most recent and instructive literature to the members of the school boards, principals and all those who may directly be interested in this up-to-date and improved method of taking care of the physically and mentally deficient pupil. Civic Club of Allegheny County 87 LECTURE COURSE Beginning with the fall of 1909 1909 and continuing into the Spring of 1910 a course of six lectures was held under the joint auspices of seven organizations in the Allied Boards of Trade. The Civic Club acted as host upon one of these occasions and through its Committee, Mr. William P. Field, Mr. Charles B. Fer- nald, and Mr. Malcolm McGififin assisted in arranging an interesting program of civic lectures and debates. OPEN MEETINGS In addition to the annual Meet- 1909 ing of the Civic Club, which is open to the Club members and their friends, there were held in 1909 two open meetings, one in February and one in June to discuss the general work of the Club. STATE LEGISLATION The year 1909, being what 1909 might be called for the lack of a better term, a legisla- tive year, the chief activities of the Civic Club centered about proposed legislation along a number of lines in which it was interested. The measures that seemed all- important at this time were the Bills drafted in the Civic Club, providing for an industrial and training school for boys, which passed ; and another Bill introduced through the Committee on Camp Schools asking for an appropriation for night schools for foreigners, with which to cover the provi- sions of the Bill passed in 1907, which did not pass; the School Code, in which was incorporated the provi- sion for medical inspection in schools as recommended by the Committee on Medical Inspection of the Civic Club, and the Child Labor Bills, Consumers League 88 Civic Club of Allegheny County Bills, The Anti-Expectoration, and Adult Probation Bills, which were endorsed and advocated by personal interviews and correspondence. FEDERAL LEGISLATION In addition to the State 1909 Legislation, petitions were sent to Congress advocating the creation of a Federal Children's Bureau ; renewed efforts were also made urging the passage of laws for the protection of Niagara, and for the passage of the Appalachian and White Mountain Reserve Bill. This last measure has been tossed from pillar to post until it has at last been unanimously agreed by the House and Senate to vote upon it the 15th of February, 1911. As this goes to press the Bill has become a law. ROOMS OF DETENTION Perhaps the most im- 1910 portant direct accom- plishment of the Club during the year 1910 has been the securing of a proper enforcement of the Juvenile Court Law in its provision as to rooms of detention for children under sixteen who are in custody and awaiting hearing or placement. Although the Juvenile Court Act, passed in 1903, specifically states that "No child, pending a hearing un- der the provisions of this act, shall be held in confine- ment in any county or other jail or police station, or in any institution to which adult convicts are sentenced", the Juvenile Court Committee deemed it inexpedient to delay the organization of the Court until suitable rooms of detention could be provided, and consented to what was expected to be a very temporary waiver of this proviso. However, seven years were permitted to Civic Club of Allegheny County 89 elapse, with the children of the Juvenile Court still kept within the gloomy prison walls. W'hen it is remem- bered that many of the wards of this Court are very young, (their ages ranging from five or six to sixteen years) and that numbers of them are detained not even for an alleged offense, but merely as dependent children awaiting the decision of the Court relative to their dis- posal, it is not surprising that Allegheny County has been severely criticised for this dereliction. The Juvenile Court Committee perhaps erred in not insisting from the start on a strict compliance with the law ; but the new method of dealing with the child offender was such an innovation as to be regarded with doubt by both bench and laity, and the Committee felt that, to win its way to popular approval, it was the part of wisdom not to ask for too much at the outset. But the intended temporary provision for the rooms of de- tention soon established itself in the minds of the County officers as a fixed policy, and repeated efforts • by the Juvenile Court Association later to 'have the de- tention rooms removed from the jail failed; such failure being reported to the Civic Club from time to time, in response to its urgent inquiries regarding the prospect of a change. Therefore in February, 1910, the Club, deeming that the time had long since come for decisive action in the matter, arranged for a meeting between the County Commissioners and a large committee of its members. This meeting resulted in a thoroughly amicable and satis- factory conference. The Commissioners, having fallen heir to the situation, so to speak, from their predecessors in office, did not at first exactly appreciate the desira- bility of a change. When, however, their attention was directed to the very explicit language of the Act they agreed with the committee that to detain these children within the walls of the jail, even though separate and apart from the adult prisoners, was a direct violation of the law. The Commissioners and the Committee re- 90 Civic Club of Allegheny County gretted that the arrangements to house the children elsewhere, which they decided would be made as soon as practicable, necessitated taking them from the very wise and gentle supervision of Warden Lewis. The final out- come was, after various plans (of which the Club was kept advised), that temporary rooms have been fitted up in the old Pittsburgh Academy Building, located on property which the County expects to use, later on, for the annex to the Court House. While these rooms are not ideal, they are incomparably preferable to the old arrangement under which many wholly innocent and very young children, capable of being set in the right path, were blighted by the stigma of 'having been in jail. It is hoped that in the not far distant future Alle- gheny County may have a model Children's Court build- ing such, for example, as Milwaukee, Kansas City, Chi- cago and a few other cities possess. TREE COMMISSION Following the passage, by the 1910 Pennsylvania Legislature in 1907, of the Act permitting municipalities to appoint commissioners with power to regulate the planting and care of trees in streets and highways, which the Civic Club had actively endorsed, the Forestry Committee of the Club went quietly and earnestly to work to secure an acceptance of the Act by Councils. Mayor Magee became greatly interested and urged upon Councils the desirability of ratifying this measure. That body acted favorably in the fall of 1909. In the spring of 1910 the Tree Commission, composed of Mr. Edward M. Bigelow, President, Controller Morrow and Mr. Wm. D. Grimes, was appointed to serve without compensation. After some opposition (which the Club did its best to help eliminate), an appropriation of $15,- 000 was made to assist the Commission in the care of the street trees as contemplated by the law. Civic Club of Allegheny County 91 Mr. James L. Grimes, who has been appointed City Forester, is a graduate of the Yale Forestry School, and is thoroughly familiar with the work of his department. It is hoped that he will have the co-operation of the peo- ple of Pittsburgh in order to enable him to carry out the task of beautifying the streets of the City in the most expeditious manner. "PITTSBURGH PLAN" That the city government, 1910 through the recent disclos- ures of official corruption in Pittsburg*h, needs some alterations in its present system, is a problem in which the various civic bodies are deeply interested. Following a mass meeting held in April, 1910, a "New Charter Committee", composed of two delegates each from seventeen civic and commercial organizations, was formed. Mr. T. J. Keenan and Mr. John E. Potter most ably represent the Civic Club in this non-partisan civic movement. After a careful study of the most successful forms of government and municipal charters of other cities "The Pittsburgh Plan" was adopted by the general com- mittee and has since been approved by the organizations represented for presentation to the 1911 session of the Legislature. VICE CRUSADE With the knowledge that the ex- 1910 tent of the so-called ''Social Evil" in Pittsburgh is so wide-spread, and its effects so grave as seriously to endanger not only the morals but the health of the people, and because the public conscience should have been, if it were not, aroused by the revelations made by Mr. Wm. H. Mat- thews of Kingsley House and the Academy of Science 92 Civic Club of Allegheny County and Art, the Civic Club pledged its support and accepted a place through representatives on a committee, formed by the Eugenic Section of the Academy, which arranged for a mass meeting held in Carnegie Hall, April 12, 1910, when the social evils that are making for ill-health and bad citizenship were discussed, with a view to educating the people to the necessity of taking measures toward correcting these conditions. CITY BUDGET In February, 1910, in response to an 1910 invitation from the Chamber of Com- merce for an informal conference on the 1910 budget of the City of Pittsburgh, the question of a permanent annual conference of civic associations on the city budget was discussed, and as a result a com- mittee vvas appointed to draft a plan for permanent or- ganization to be known as the Budget Conference of the City of Pittsburgh. Following the acceptance of this committee's report, the Allied Boards of Trade, upon request, undertook the formation of the budget confer- ence — the object being to classify and prepare for public distribution information concerning the income and ex- penditures of the city for the purpose of suggestion, ad- vice and information. FLOODS The Civic Club regards the work being 1910 done by the Flood Commission organized by the Chamber of Commerce with the deepest interest and looks forward to the permanent solution of the problem of flood prevention for Pitts- burgh. In order to show the Board's appreciation of the importance of this matter, the opportunity was grate- fully accepted to acquaint the members of the Civic Club Civic Club of Allegheny County 93 with the work being done, through an open meeting held in May, 1910, w'hen two of the Commission's experts, Mr. Morris Knowles and Mr. George H. Maxwell, Chair- man of the National Irrigation Association, presented the need of preventive and corrective measures for the protection of the city against the frequent floods that cause such havoc and monetary loss. Many striking stereopticon views of flood scenes in Pittsburgh and vi- cinity and the efifect of deforestation and reforestation, with illustrations of great engineering feats being ac- complished in other parts of the United States, reiterated the statistics given by both speakers. BUILDING CODE In January, 1910, the Pittsburgh 1910 Chapter of the American Insti- tute of architects, which for sev- eral years had been striving to impress upon the city authorities the pressing need for a revision of the build- ing code, called a meeting of the representatives of the civic and professional organizations to form a committee that should prepare a suitable outline and recommenda- tion to Mayor Magee and Councils for the appointment of a commission and the appropriation of an adequate sum to pay the expense of the clerical work of a commis- sion, whose duty would be to prepare and recommend a suitable and complete building code for the City of Pitts- burgh. Following this meeting, a sub-committee, on which Mr. Cornelius D. Scully, one of the Civic Club repre- sentatives served, waited upon the Mayor on January 13th, 1910 and received his promise of hearty co-opera- tion. On January 31st a resolution was adopted in Councils authorizing and empowering Mayor Magee to appoint a commission composed of not more than seven representative citizens to serve without compensation. This was signed by the Mayor the day after it was 94 Civic Club of Allegheny County passed, and the 1910 budget contained the sum of $7,500.00 for the use of the Commission. Mr. Edward Stotz, President of the Pittsburgh Chapter of the Amer- ican Institute of Architects, who had been working on this plan for some time, was appointed Chairman and one delegate each representing respectively the real estate interests, the Master Builder's Association, Engi- neer's Society, Bar Association, Master Plumber's Asso- ciation and the Civic Club of Allegheny County, com- pose its membership. Immediately following the ap- pointment and the first meeting held, a clerk was em- ployed to make a compilation of existing codes in other cities, under the supervision of the Chairman of the Commission. This compilation has practically been completed, and so far the Commission 'has prepared and has about ready to present ordinances covering the use of hollow tile building block and re-enforced concrete in building construction, neither of which have been re- garded by the city in existing laws. The result of the appointment of this Commission in Pittsburgh has lead to a similiar Commission in Philadelphia. It is hoped that the amalgamation of both forces may result in a statute that will create a commission to cover the entire State. MUNICIPAL LODGING It is a matter of great re- HOUSE FOR MEN gret that the petitions of a 1910 large number of social, civic, and philanthropic organizations, the Civic Club among them, were of no avail in securing an appropriation in the budget of 1910 for the establishment and maintenance of a Municipal Lodging House for Homeless Men. Civic Club op Allegheny County 95 REFORMATORY FOR For some time officials of WOMEN the Courts and persons en- 1910 gaged in charitable work have felt that Pennsylvania was deficient in its means for reclaiming women who are offenders against the law; that women from 16 to 30 years drift repeatedly through the Courts and into prison and after brief detention go out again as helpless and hopeless as they went in. The Civic Club of Philadel- phia, which is responsible for initiating a campaign for legislation to secure a reformatory similar, for example, to that at Bedford, N. Y., will ask for an appropriation for such an institution by the 1911 session of the Legis- lature and will direct the campaign throughout the State. The Civic Club of Allegheny County, at their request, has been enlisted among other associations and lias agreed to endorse and assist in securing the passage of this measure. BILLBOARDS As the Civic Club endorsed and 1910 worked for the passage of a law gov- erning the erection and taxation of billboards, introduced by the American Civic Associa- tion in the 1907 session of the Legislature, it goes with- out saying that, spurred on by its failure to pass, the Club's attention to the billboard as a nuisance and dis- figurement was firmly rooted. Associations and individuals who were powerless to govern the inclinations of their lessees had brought to the attention of the Club a number of times their absolute helplessness in controlling the erection of bill- boards upon their own and adjoining property, and there seemed no way to attack the proposition save through a concerted effective organization of the various civic and social interests. It can properly be stated that while a comprehensive brief covering the legal status of 96 Civic Club of Allegheny County the billboards in the State of Pennsylvania and City of Pittsburgh was prepared and submitted to the committee under the Department of Municipal Art of the Civic Club, Mr. John W. Beatty, Chairman in November, 1909, active steps looking toward the restriction of the bill- board through the formation of such an organized com- mittee were not taken until January, 1910. A special committee of three (Mr. Wm. A. Roberts, Chairman; Mr. Wm. K. Johnson, and Mr. J. D. Hailman) was ap- pointed by the Board to direct the policy through a plan they were authorized to formulate. Understanding just how far they could go through the laws and ordinances, or the lack of them, the first step taken was by letter directed to forty-five civic and social organizations inquiring the sentiment for or against the billboard in order to ascertain what support, if any, a movement against the billboard would have from co-working bodies. The responses were very satisfactory, illustrating that most effective results could be obtained by combining and crystalizing the forces in- terested. After numerous conferences and meetings, the Com- mittee submitted a report to the Board of the Civic Club with its conclusions that their number should be in- creased by one or two representatives from the inter- ested organizations of the City and by additional num- bers from the Civic Club, and recommended: 1st. A campaign of education. 2nd. That full data concerning the billboards in the City of Pittsburgh be gathered for the use of this committee, the information of the Club in general, and the further use in Councils when an ordinance is pre- sented. 3rd. That real estate owners be requested to co- operate with the larger committee in refusing to permit the use of their property for billboard advertising. 4th. That the local theatrical managers and all the painters, lithographers and printers of this class of work Civic Club of Allegheny County 97 be asked to co-operate with said committee in the im- provement of such signs and billboards. 5th. That in conjunction with this campaign of education, local legislation be sought in line with a tenta- tive form of ordinance now in the hands of the commit- tee, which has in large part been drafted after the ordi- nance for the regulation of billboards in other cities, notably that of the City of St. Louis, which has been sustained by the Appellate Courts of the State of Mis- souri. The Board approved of this report and advised that the committee further outline a plan of procedure. Following the provision that the Billboard Com- mittee of the Civic Club shoull be increased by delegates from other civic bodies or by individuals interested, nine- teen organizations have affiliated in this work, and ac- cording to the decision made at the first- meeting, for the time being the enlarged committee will carry on the work under the Civic Club and be known as the "Bill- board Committee". From this larger committee, imme- diately after its organization, certain standing sub-com- mittees were appointed by the Chairman, Mr. Wm. A. Roberts, each to take charge of a particular part of the work of the whole committee through the following mediums : A committee on statistics with Mr. John T. Comes, Chairman, to gather data as to the number, size, location, subject matter, owners, etc., of the billboards in Pitts- burgh for the use of the committee at large and the in- formation and education of the community. A publicity committee with Mr. John L. Porter. Chairman, to bring to the attention of the public the work of this committee and so create a helpful interest in the regulation of billboards. A committee on advertisers and owners, Mr. John D. Hailman, Chairman, to present the matter especially to the advertisers and owners of property and procure their co-operation in the work. 98 Civic Club of Allegheny County A committee on law and legislation, Mr. Wm. K. Johnson, Chairman, to prepare laws and ordinances for the regulation and taxation of billboards. A finance committee, Mr. E. B. Lee, Chairman. It was further decided that a meeting of the whole committee be held at least once each month at which the several sub-committees could report progress and policies of the committee and conduct of the work could be discussed and decided upon. The Legislative Committee has drawn up two Bills and a tentative ordinance. The committee on statistics has handed in a complete report covering Pittsburgh proper and a number of interesting photographs have been taken. It is hoped that this movement will find enthusiastic backing, as it is one of the greatest forward steps toward making this city beautiful. IMMIGRATION The object of the Board of the 1910 Civic Club to promote the general welfare of the immigrant through the organization of an association to take up the ques- tion of the distribution, protection, education and as- similation of the immigrant may be better understood by quoting Miss Kellor who puts the matter clearly when she says, "The State should take up, at the point where the Federal government lays aside its responsi- bility, the real question of immigration, which is the problem of making the immigrant into a good citizen, protecting him when he is looking for a job and helping him to go to the part of the State where he is most needed, where the best conditions exist, where there is the best standard of living and where he may find con- genial associates." Believing that only through an asso- ciation organized to centralize this kind of work could effective service be given by the State, a committee was Civic Club of Allegheny County 99 appointed in October, 1910, whose object should be the formation of adequate plans. Miss Frances A. Kellor, Chief of the Bureau of In- dustries and immigration of the State of New York and Secretary of the New York Committee of the North American Civic League for Immigrants, came to Pitts- burgh to start this committee in its work. Miss J. M. Campbell, Educational Secretary of the New York Com- mittee, accompanied Miss Kellor. During their three days in Pittsburgh, numerous meetings were held with the heads of all departments of work in any way con- nected with the foreigners, in order that they might bet- ter be able to suggest a policy for the Civic Club com- mittee. An open meeting was held at the Chamber of Commerce, when, in addition to the above named, an address was made by Baron Paul Forster, the Austro- Hungarian Consul of Pittsburgh. A number of meetings were held with the committee and a plan was drawn up under the following heads and adopted as a basis for the work : 1st. A resume of the philanthropic, charitable, edu- cational, and religious agencies relative to their work with or for the foreigner. 2nd. Transportation : stations and trains, transfer, rates, distribution to Pittsburgh points. 3rd. Laws : state statutes and ordinances govern- ing families, domestic relations and department regula- tions. 4th. Employment agencies: domestic agencies and contract labor agencies. 5th. Banks, steamship agents. 6th. Notaries public. 7th. Co-operation: children and distributor, trans- portation via New York and Pittsburgh. The immigration bureaus in the few states that have them are solely for the purpose of obtaining labor or developing the industries of the state. In Pittsburgh there are the Y. M. C. A., the church, the public schools, 100 Civic Club of Allegheny County the Methodist Episcopal Deaconesses, the Immigrant Aid Society, the Settlements, etc., working on very im- portant and special kinds of w^ork, but the scope of the above committee comprehends them all and 'hopes ulti- mately by co-operation to blend them into a great clear- ing house that v\nll better the condition, welfare and in- dustrial opportunities of the alien. It needs investiga- tion and money to start this work, and it will be a task of some proportions. New York has been most fortu- nate in having these difficulties solved by the provision of funds to put it on a working basis and the results 'have more than warranted the expenditure. The Civic Clul), unless aided in some unexpected way, will have to depend on volunteer service, which precludes the possi- bility of accomplishing its object immediately, but it has worked long and hard on other problems and is prepared to pursue the same course in this. FEDERAL LEGISLATION The Civic Club through 1910 its Legislative Commit- tee, in February, 1910, sent letters to all the Pennsylvania representatives in Congress, urging them to bring about the suppression of the transportation of women for immoral purposes, by aiding to secure a $50,000 appropriation to be used by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor for employ- ment of special inspectors to bring persons engaged in such traffic to indictment and conviction, and urging them to aid in the final passage of bills relating to this subject H. R. Nos. 15816, Senate No. 4514. In April, 1910, the Club strongly endorsed the pas- sage of the H. R. Bill 13915 relative to the creation, in the Department of the Interior, of a Bureau of Mines. In May, 1910, it urged the endorsement by the Pennsyl- vania Representatives and Senators of Senate Bill 6049 establishing a national Department of Health. Civic Club of Allegheny County 101 AFFILIATIONS The Civic Club maintains an "affiliated" membership in the American Civic Association, the National Municipal League, the National Child Labor Association, the Child Labor Association of Allegheny County, and the Asso- ciated Charities of Pittsburgh. FINANCES The Civic Club has every reason to be- lieve that it is not individual when it comes to the subject of finances. The amount of work done could never have been accomplished with the an- nual dues at $2.00 or the annual receipts credited to the general fund, which is used to defray all office expenses including rent, salaries, printing, stationery, telephone, incidentals, postage, etc., if it were not for the fact that from the very beginning of the Club each department or the committees under them have been obliged, through a finance committee, to raise their own funds. This fund is turned into the Civic Club treasury and vouchers for the disbursement thereof are paid by the Treasurer of the Civic Club upon order of the Secretary after approval by the various committees. In the following table of general fund receipts it will be noticed that between 1899 and 1906 there were no donations of any kind to the general fund. General Fund Receipts. 1898 $1,450.25 1899 1,312.59 1900 426.00 1901 477.00 1902 452.00 1903 592.00 1904 547.00 1905 725.00 102 Civic Club of Allegheny County 1906 1,683.35 1907 1,023.25 1908 1,561.87 1909 1,712.48 1910 2,505.06 f Beginning with the year 1906, when $933.50 was contributed to the general fund from a benefit entertain- ment, there were contributions to the fund that fluc- tuated greatly each year. In order to insure the support necessary for the successful continuance of the work, the Board in 1910 decided to establish a guarantee fund. The following members of the Club pledged to contribute annually amounts ranging from $5.00 to $50.00 in addition to their dues. The total amount of the guarantee fund in 1910 was $1,120. This amount added to the general fund brought the receipts for 1910 up to $2,505.06. GUARANTORS. A Allen, Col. Edw. Jay , Arbuckle, Miss Christina Armstrong, Mrs. Chas. D. Ayers, Mr. H. B. Barr, Mr. J. H. Bell, Mr. Arthur W. Bindley, Mr. John B Bissell, Mrs. Frank Blackburn, Mrs. W. W. Cassidy, Mrs. Wm. H. Chalfant, Miss Isabel Clark, Mrs. W. E. Clause. Mr. Wm. L. Clemson, Mrs. D. M. Connell, Mr. Wm. H. Corey, Mr. Wm. E. Crutchfield, Mr. J. S. Demmler, Mrs. A. J. Denny, Miss Matilda D DuPuy, Mrs. Herbert Civic Club of Allegheny County 103 £ Edwards, Miss Katherine M. Fernald. Mr. C. B. H Hamburg, Mr. Phillip Hamilton, Mrs. William D. Hanauer, Mr. A. M. Harbison Estate Heinz, Mr. Clarence Heinz, Mr. Howard C. Heinz, Mr. H. J. Holdship, Mr. C. F. Houston, Mr. Jas. H. lams, Mrs. Franklin P. Irish, Miss Charlotte Jackson, Miss Mary Louise Keenan, Mr. T. J. Kennedy, Mr. Wm. M. K King, Mrs. Alexander Lincoln, Mr. Wm. E. Lockhart, Mr. Jas. H. Lyon, Mrs. C. L. Martin, Dr. Elizabeth Martin, Mrs. Sherwood C. Mehard, Hon. S. S. Mellon, Mr. A. W. Mellon, Mrs. Jas. R. M Mellon, Mr. Richard B. Miller, Mrs. Reuben Moorhead, Miss Emily Murdock, Mr. Alexander Mc McClintock, Mr. Oliver McConway, Mrs. William McCreery, Mrs. William H. McGinley, Mrs. John R. McLean, Mrs. Chas. B. N Negley, Mr. Henry H. Oliver. Mrs. Jas. B. Oliver, Miss Mildred 104 Civic Club of Allegheny County Porter, Mr. H. K. Quigley, Mr. J. E. Rauh. Mrs. Enoch R Roberts, Mr. W. A. Schoyer, Mr. A. M. Schleuderberg, Mr. Geo. W. Shaw, Mr. Wilson A. Shea, Mr. J. B. Shepherd, Mrs. J. N. Singer, Mrs. W. H. Spring, Miss Anna M. Spring estate, for Elizabeth Spring. Stevenson, Mr. William H. Stevenson, Mrs. William H. Sweeny, Miss Sara Taylor, Mrs. Chas. L. Taylor, Mr. Edward B. Thaw, Mr. William Thaw, Mrs. William, Jr. Thompson, Mrs. Wm. R. Torrance, Mr. Francis J. Walker, Mrs. John Wardrop, Mrs. Robert Webster, Mr. F. S. w Whitman, Mrs. William T. Woods, Mr. E. A. Woodwell, Mrs. John Wurtz, Mr. Alexander Jay Young, Mr. Samuel Civic Club of Allegheny County 105 The following addresses 'have been delivered at open meetings held by the Civic Club from time to time : February 25th, 1896— "The Work of the Philadelphia Civic Club", Miss Mary Channing Wister. February 5th, 1897— "Proper Diet for School Children," Miss Kath- arine Davis. April 7th, 1899— "Forestry," Miss M. L. Dock, Harrisburg. "Co-Operation," Miss Florence Wilkinson, Syracuse. "Charity Organization". Mr. R. D. McGon- nigle, Pittsburgh. February 2nd, 1900— "Improved Housing of the Poor." Mr. Jacob Riis, New York. November 12th, 1901— "The Work of a Legal Aid Society, "Miss Rosalie Loew, New York. March 7th, 1902— Prof. Charles Zeublin. January 29th, 1903— "The Importance of a Separate Court for Juvenile Offenders," Mrs. Alice B. Montgomery, Philadelphia. "Women's Work in Municipal Housekeeping," Mrs. Robert J. Burdette, California. March 25th, 1903— "Peak, Pass and Plain," (Illustrated), Mr. Gilbert McClurg, Colorado Springs. 106 Civic Club of Allegheny County November 3rd, 1904— "Av^^akening America," Mr. Clinton Rodgers Woodruff, Philadelphia. March 4th, 1905— "Night Work for Children," Mr. Owen R. Lovejoy, New York. "The Working Child and the Law," Mrs. Flor- ence Kelley, New York. November 29th, 1905— "Methods of Beautifying City Streets and Neighborhoods,"' Mr. E. G. Rontzahn, Chicago. February 21st, 1906— "Municipal Sanitation; the Abatement of the Smoke Nuisance," Dr. Justus Ohage, St. Paul. February 26th, 1906— "With Secretary Taft in the Philippines," Mr. Burr Mcintosh, New York. January, 1907— "Disposal of Waste," Dr. J. F. Edwards, Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania. "Subway," Mr. A. O. Fording, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. June 20th, 1907— "Federation of Charities," Mr. William H. Allen, New York. November 12th, 1908— "Stuff and Service in the Helping of the Poor," Mr. Charles F. Weller, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Civic Club of Allegheny County 107 November 12th, 1908— "Municipal Control of Tuberculosis," Dr. Wm. Chas. White, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 23rd, 1909— "Industrial Training School for Boys," Mr. Hastings H. Hart, New York. November 23rd, 1910— "Municipal Control of Shade Trees," Mr. Wil- liam Solotaroff, East Orange, New Jersey. CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. The Association shall be called the Civic Club of Allegheny County, ARTICLE II. The object of this association shall be to promote by education and organized effort, a higher public spirit, and a better social order. ARTICLE III. Section 1. For the better execution of its objects the Club shall be divided into Departments, repre- senting its different lines of work, namely : Govern- ment, Education, Social Science and Art. Department I — Government. Section 2. The duties of this Department shall be to examine into the aims and functions, and into the practical workings of the governments of the cities of 108 Civic Club of Allegheny County Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and of Allegheny County, and from time to time to report upon the same, and to suggest measures for improvement, and to co-oper- ate in carrying out such measures in relation thereto as may be approved by the Board of Directors, Department 2 — Education. Section 3. The duties of this Department shall be to examine into the requirements of Public Education in the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and in Alle- gheny County, and from time to time to report upon the same, and to suggest measures for improvement, and to co-operate in carrying out such measures in relation thereto as may be approved by the Board of Directors. Department 3 — Social Science. Section 4. The duties of this Department shall be to examine into the problems of Household Sani- tation, of Public Health, of Philanthropy, and of Social Reform, particularly as they afifect the interests of the citizens of Pittsburgh and Alleg'heny, and from time to time to report upon the same, and to suggest measures of improvement, and to co-operate in carrying out such measures in relation thereto as may be approved by the Board of Directors. Department 4 — Art. Section 5. The duties of this Department shall be to study and to encourage the Art interests of these cities, with a view to increasing the beauty of our parks and public places, and to raising the stand- ing of public taste and demand for Art in all Depart- ments. ARTICLE IV. Section 1. The officers of the Club shall be a Civic Club of Allegheny County 109 President, four Vice-Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer. SeCition 2. The President, Vice-Presidents, Sec- retary, Treasurer and eighteen other additional directors shall constitute a Board of Directors; and five members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Section 3. There shall be three standing commit- tees, namely: Membership, Finance and Legislation. The President shall appoint the Chairmen of these com- mittees from the Board of Directors, and the President, in conjunction with the respective Chairmen, shall ap- point the remaining members of these committees. Section 4. All officers and directors shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting. A plurality of the votes shall be required to elect. ARTICLE V. Duties of Officers. Section 1. The President shall preside at all meet- ings of the Club and of the Board of Directors. Section 2. The Vice-Presidents shall preside in their order in the absence of the President. Section 3. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of each meeting of the Club, and shall conduct the corres- pondence of the Club, under direction of the Board, and shall perform the other duties usually pertaining to such office, as the Board may direct. Section -i. Tne Chairman of each Department shall present for approval at the monthly meeting of the Board of Directors, a statement of expenses likely to be incurred in the coming month by that Department, and shall contract no obligation without authority for the same. 110 Civic Club of Allegheny County Section 5. The Treasurer shall be the custodian of the funds of the Club, which shall be paid upon the order of the Secretary, after approval by the Board. Vouchers for all disbursements must be taken and an account kept of all receipts and expenditures. A monthly report shall be made to the Board, and also a full report of the finances of the Club at the annual meeting, the correctness of which must be attested by an Auditing Committee. Section 6. The Board of Directors shall transact the business of the Club. It shall have power to fill vacancies in its own body for an unexpired term. It shall appoint special committees as occasion may require. One member of each of these committees shall be a mem- ber of the Board of Directors. Section 7. The Chairman of each Department shall arrange and attend the stated meetings of the Depart- ment. He shall prepare and provide for such work as may be under the charge of the Department, of which he shall make a report to the Board at its September meet- ing. At each meeting of the Board of Directors he shall report the work undertaken by the Department, and, at the annual meeting, the work accomplished during the year. ARTICLE VI. Membership. Section 1. Any respectable citizen of Allegheny County may become a member of the Club by having his or her name proposed and acted upon at any meet- ing of the Board of Directors. Upon election the Secre- tary shall inform him or her of the fact, and upon paying the annual dues he or she shall be accepted as a member and assigned to one of the departments of the Club. Section 2. Any incorporated or unincorporated Club, Society or other organization of kindred purpose Civic Club of Allegheny County 111 desiring to aid in the work of The Civic Club may be proposed for associate club membership, and upon its election by the Board of Directors and the payment of the annual dues hereinafter provided for, it shall become an Associate Club Member and be entitled to have two voting delegates at the annual and special meetings of The Civic Club. ARTICLE VII. Dues. Section 1. Annual Dues of Two Dollars shall be required from each member. Section 2. Annual dues of $10.00 shall be paid by each associate club member. Section 3. The annual dues s'hould be paid before the 15th of October in each year, due notice of the same having been sent to each member by the Treasurer. ARTICLE VIII. Meetings. Section 1. The annual meeting shall be held in November, the exact date to be determined by the Board of Directors. Section 2. A meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held each month, for the transaction of the gen- eral business of the Club. Section 3. Special meetings of the Club may be called by the Board of Directors upon individual notifi- cation. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the President, and he shall call such a meet- ing at the request of two or more Directors. At all special meetings the business for which the meeting is called shall be clearly stated in the notification of the meetinsf. 112 Crvic Club of Allegheny County ARTICLE IX. Amendments. Section 1. The Constitution and By-Laws may be amended at an annual or special meeting of the Club by a two-thirds vote of the members present; the amend- ments having been proposed and approved at a previous meeting of the Board of Directors, and a copy thereof appended to the call for the meeting. ARTICLE X. The deliberations of all meetings of the Club shall be governed by Roberts' "Rules of Order." ARTICLE XI. People's Bath House. Section 1. At the annual meeting of the Club there shall be elected a Board of Managers for the Bathhouse, consisting of ten members who shall hold office for a term of one year. At least one member of this Board shall be a member of the Board of Directors of the Civic Club of Allegheny County. Section 2. The Managers shall hold office for a term of one year. In case of vacancy the Board of Di- rectors shall have power to fill the same. Section 3. The officers of said Board shall be a Chairman and a Secretary and such other officers as the Board shall deem necessary. The Board shall organize as soon as possible after election. Section 4. The Bathhouse Managers shall have power to make all necessary rules and regulations for the management and control of any bathhouse which may be acquired by the Civic Club. They shall report monthly to the Board of Directors of the Civic Club. Civic Club of Allegheny County 113 They shall have the power to engage and remove all necessary attendants — to make ordinary repairs and con- tract for and purchase supplies for the running of bath- houses. ARTICLE XII. The Board of Directors shall have power to make a division of the County into districts and within each district to appoint a District Chairman and Board of Directors with power to organize the members of The Civic Club resident within such district for the further- ing of both the general work of the Club and its particu- lar work pertaining to such district. 114 Civic Club of Allegheny County CIVIC CLUB MEMBERS. Abbott, Mr. W. L. Acheson, Mr. M. W. Jr. Adams, Mr. Luther B. Adams, Mr. S. Jarvis Adams, Mrs. S. Jarvis Affelder, Mr. Louis Alberg, Mrs. G. A. F, Albree, Mrs. Chester Albree, Mrs. Joseph Alderdice, Mrs. Taylor Alexander, Rev. Maitland Allen,' Col. Edward Jay Allen, Mrs. Edward Jay Allen, Mr. Harold Alter, Mr. George E. Anderson, Mrs. J. Hartley Anderson, Mr. S. H, Ankrom, Miss Anna Arbuckle, Miss Christina Armstrong, Mrs. Charles D. Atwood, Mrs. Moses Aufhammer, Mrs. J. Charles AuU, Mrs. W. F. Ayers, Mr. H. B. Baer, Mr. Morris Bailey, Mr. Reade W. Bailey, Mr. Samuel, Jr. Bair, Mr. Henry Bakewell, Miss Euphemia Balken, Mrs. Henry Banks, Mr. J. E. Barclay, Miss Nannie Barr, Mr. A. J, Barr, Mrs. A. J. Barr, Mr. James H. Bartlett, Mr. H. N. Bassett, Mrs. Geo. P., Jr. Beach, Dr. William M. Beatty, Dr. H. K. Beatty, Mr. J. L. Beatty, Mr. John W. Beatty, Mrs. John W. Beggs, Mr. H. C. Behr, Mr. Louis C. Bell, Mr. Arthur W. Bell, Mr. John P. Bell, Mrs. John P. Benkiser, Mr. William F. Benner, Miss Margaret C. Bennett, Mr. C. W. Bennett, Mr. J. C. Bigelow, Mr. E. M. Billings, Dr. F. T. Billquist, Mr. T. E. Bindley, Mr. Edward H, Bindley, Mrs. Edward H. Bindley, Mr. John Bissell, Mr. Frank S. Bissell, Mrs. Frank S. Bixler, Mr. A. G. Blackburn, Mr. W. W. Blackburn, Mrs. W. W. Blair, Dr. Alexander Blair, Dr. Esther L. Blair, Dr. W. W. Blake, Mr. William B. Blake, Mrs. William B. Blum, Miss Elise Boggs, Mr. R. H. Bonsall, Mr. Ward Bope, Col. H. P. Boss, Miss Mary P. Boswell, Mr. A. C. Boswell, Mr. Walter Botsford, Mr. E. P. Brackenridge, Mr. H. M. Brackenridge, Mrs. H. M. Bradshaw, Mr. J. C. Brashear, Dr. John A. Breeze, Miss Mary P. Civic Club of Allegheny County 115 Brown, Mr. Arthur D. Brown, Mr. Charles W. Brown, Mr. Joseph S. Brown, Mr. Louis Brown, Mrs. Louis Brown, Mrs. Marshall Brown, Mr. Thomas Stephen Buchanan, Dr. J. J. Buhl, Mr. Henry, Jr. Buhl, Mrs. Henry, Jr. Burchfield, Mrs. A. P. Burgwin, Mrs. A. P. Burgwin, Mrs. John H. K. Burns, Mr. Allen T. Caldwell, Mrs. John Callahan, Miss Marietta Cameron, Dr. W. H. Camp, Mr. James M. Campbell, Mr. Wilson A. Canevin, Rt. Rev. Bishop Carmack, Mr. H. E. Carmalt, Dr. H. G. Carnegie, Mrs. George L. Carothers, Mrs. William M. Carpenter, Mr. W. J. Carr, Mrs. Paschall Carr, Mr. Wesley G. Carr, Mrs. Wesley G. Carson, Mrs. John B. Cassidy, Mr. W. H. Cassidy, Mrs. W. H. Chace, Miss Edith Chalfant, Miss Isabel Chiiders, Mr. C. E. E. Childs, Mr. A. H. Childs, Mrs. Asa P. Childs, Mr. Harvey L. Church, Col. Samuel Harden Claney, Mrs. Clifford D. Clarke, Mrs. Cyrus Clark, Mrs. W. E. Clause, Mr. W. L. Clemson, Mrs. D. M. Coffin, Mrs. Ella B. Cohan, Mr. Martin J. Cohn, Mrs. William H. Cohoe, Dr. Benson H. Colestock, Miss Sidney Columbian Council Jewish Women. Collins, Mr. Henry L. Collins, Mrs. Henry L. Comes, Mr. John T. Connell, Mr. William H. Corey, Mr. William E. Covert, Mrs. J. J. Craig, Mr. F. E. Craig, Miss Jean Graver, Mr. Harrison W. Graver, Mrs. Harrison W. Crawford, Mr. Charles S. Crawford, Mrs. Charles S. Crocker, Mr. E. E. Crocker, Mrs. E. E. Crocker, Mr. Henry Irving Crone, Mr. D. A. Crutchfield, Mr. J. S. Curll, Dr. G. L. D Dangerfield, Jr., Mr. Ben. Davis, Mr. Henry A. Davis, Mr. H. P. Davis, Mr. W. L. Davis, Mr. W. L. Davison, Mr. N. C. Denny, Mrs. Harmar D. Denny, Miss Matilda Demmler, Mr. A. J. DeOvies, Senora Blanca Dermitt, Miss H. M. Dewhurst. Mrs. A. M. 116 Civic Club of Allegheny County Dick, Mrs. J. C. Dickson, Mrs. Thomas Dilworth, Mrs. George W, Dohrman, Mr. Frank Dohrman, Miss Rachel Doty, Miss Helen C. Douglas, Mr. William Dranga, Dr. Amelia Dravo, Mr. E. T. Dravo, Mrs. Horace Duff, Mr. J. Boyd Duff, Mrs. Levi Bird Duff, Mr. R. P. Dunham, Major David E. DuPuy, Miss Eleanor DuPuy, Mr. Herbert DuPuy, Mrs. Herbert Dysart, Prof. P. M. E Earl, Mrs. Edwin Eaton, Miss Jeanette M. Eaton, Mr. John Eaton, Mrs. John Eaton, Dr. Percival J. Eaton, Mrs. Percival J. Edsall, Mr. Charles A. Edwards, Mrs. George D . Edwards, Dr. Harold R. Edwards, Mrs. Harold R. Edwards, Dr. J. F. Edwards, Miss Katherine M. Eichleay, Miss Katherine Elliot, Mr. J. W. Ellis, Miss Sara Frazier Elterich, Dr. Theo. J. Ely, Mrs. Sumner B. English, Mr. H. D. W. English, Mrs. H. D. W. Estrada, Mrs. Esteban D. Esquerre, Prof. Edmund Everest, Mr. W. B. Ewing, Dr. W. B. Falconer, Mr. William Felix, Mr. Otto F. Fenollosa, Dr. Sidney K. Field, Mr. William P. Finkelpearl, Mrs. Henry Fisher, Mr. H. W. Flaccus, Mrs. George Fletcher, Mr. J. Gilmore Fleishman, Mrs. S. L. Fleming, Mrs. Andrew Fording, Mrs. Arthur O. Foster, Dr. W. S. Foster, Mrs. W. S. Francis, Mr. James L. Francis, Mrs. James L. Frew, Miss Margaret A. Frew, Mr. William Garland, Mrs. John W. Garland, Mr. Robert Gerwig, Mrs. Charles W. Gleim, Miss Mary A. Goehring, Mr. John M. Goldsmith, Dr. Luba Robin Gorman, Miss Letitia Gormley, Mrs. E. W. Graff. Mr. R. M. Grange, Rev. Robert W. Graver, Mrs. E. Gray, Miss Mary Grayson, Dr. Thomas W. Gribble, Mrs. M. B. K. Grimes, Miss Helen Grimes, Mr. William D. Civic Club of Allegheny County 117 H Hailman, Mr. J. D. Hall, Dr. Henry M. Hall, Miss Margaret G. Hall, Mr. Robert C. Hall, Mrs. Robert C. Hallock, Mrs. William E. Hamburger, Mr. Phillip Hamerschlag, Mrs. Arthur Hamilton, Mrs. A. R. Hamilton, Mrs. William D. Hammond, Mrs. James H. Hanauer, Mr. A. M. Harbison, Mr. Ralph W. Harbison, Mrs. Ralph W. Harbison, Mr. William A. Harper, Mrs. Ignatia Hartman, Mrs. Galen C. Hawkins, Mr. Richard Haworth, Mrs. Jehu Hay, Mr. J. Walter Head, Mr. R. M. Heard, Dr. James D. Heard, Mrs. James D. Heasley, Mrs. P. O. Heckel, Dr. E. B. Heeren, Mr. William Hegemen, Miss Annie M. Heinz, Mr. Clarence Heinz, Mr. Howard C. Heinz, Mr. H. J. Henrici, Mr. Arthur Henrici, Mr. Jacob Herr, Mr. E. M. Hershman, Mr. Oliver S. Herriot, Miss Emma J. Herron, Mr. John W. Herron, Mrs. John W. Herron, Mr. W. A. Hilliard, Mr. W. H. R. Hilliard, Mrs. W. H. R. Hirsch, Mr. Isaac E. Hirsch, Dr. Leon Hoffman, Mrs. Julius Hogg, Mrs. Frank J. Holdship, Mr. C. F. Holmes, Mrs. John G. Home, Mrs. Albert Home, Mrs. Durbin Houston, Mr. Chas. W. Houston, Mrs. Chas. W. Houston, Mr. James W. Huselton, Mrs. W. S. Hussey, Mr. C. C. lams, Mrs. F. P. lams. Dr. J. Donald lams, Mr. J. Dorsey Ingram, Dr. W. H. Irish, Miss Charlotte Irish, Mrs. Dallas Irish, Mr. F. C. Irish, Mr. Howard Jackson, Miss Mary Louise Jamison, Miss Margaret Jamison, Miss Martha Janssen, Mr. B. Jennings, Mr. E. H. Jennings, Mrs. E. H. Johns, Miss L. E. Johnson, Mr. George E. Johnson, Mr. William K. Johnston, Dr. George C. Johnston, Dr. James I. 118 Civic Club of Allegheny County K Kay, Mr. Frederick G. Kay, Mrs. Frederick G. Kay, Mr. James I. Kay, Mrs. James I. Kebler, Mr. Eliot A. Keenan, Miss Sophia Keenan, Mr. T. J. Kellogg, Dr. Frederick S. Kelly, Mr. A. J., Jr. Kelly, Mrs. A. J., Jr. Kelly, Miss Martha E. Kelso, Mrs. James A. Kennedy, Miss Charlotte Kennedy, Mr. Julian Kennedy, Mrs. Julian Kennedy, Mr. William M. Kennedy, Mrs. William M. Kerr, Miss Jane Keys, Mr. John A, Kibler, Mrs. J. R. Kiehnel, Mr. Richard King, Mrs. Alexander Kirtland, Mr. A. P. Klee, Mr. W. B. Kleibacker, Mr. Fred R. Kleibacker, Mrs. Fred. R. Koeller, Dr. F. S. Koenig, Dr. Adolph Kuhn, Mr. James S. Kunz, Mrs. William R. Lacock, Mrs. J. Stewart Lamme, Mr. Benjamin Lauder, Mrs. George Lang, Miss Mary P. Lange, Dr. J. C. Langfitt, Mr. Joseph Latshaw, Mrs. Wm. H. Latus, Mr. C. C. Laughlin, Mrs. Henry Leatherman, Miss Marian Leatherman, Mr. W. H. Leatherman, Mrs. W. H. Leeds, Mr. Chas. C. Lehman, Mr. George Mustin LeMoyne, Mr. F. J. Levin, Mr. Leonard S. Lewis, Mr. J. L, Lewis, Mrs. J. L. Lincoln, Mr. William E. Lindeman, Dr. C. E. Lindsay, Dr. H. D. Lindsay, Mr. Wm. T. Litchfield, Dr. Lawrence Little, Rev. R. M. Lloyd, Mr. S. H. Lloyd, Mrs. S. H. Lockhart, Mr. James H. Lockhart, Mrs. James H. Logan, Col. Albert J. Lohstoeter, Mr. Frederick Longmore, Mrs. A. Longwell, Mrs. Henry Lovejoy, Mr. F. T. F. Lovejoy, Mrs. F. T. F. Lydick, Mr. Harry S. Lyon, Mr. Chas. L. Lyon, Mrs. Chas. L. Lyon, Mr. J. Denniston Lyon, Mr. W. T. Macrum, Mr. William Macrum, Mrs. William Mangold, Mr. Oscar G. Maple, Miss Susan Maroney, Mr. D. F. M Martin, Mrs. D. C. Martin, Dr. Elizabeth L. Martin, Mrs. Rufus Martin, Mrs. Sherwood C. Mason, Mr. H. D. Civic Club of Allegheny County 119 Matheny, Dr. A, R. Mattern, Mr. E. L. Mattern, Mrs. E. L. Matthews, Mrs . Vitallius Matthews, Mr. William H. Mazer, Mr. Marcus Mehard, Hon. S. S. Mellon, Mr. A. W. Mellon, Mr. James R. Mellon, Mrs. James R. Mellon, Mr. R. B. Mellon, Mr. Thos. Jr. Mellor, Mrs. C. C. Mellor, Mr. Walter C. Metcalf, Mrs. Orlando Miller, Dr. Harold Miller, Mrs. Horace J. Miller, Mrs. Reuben Miller, Mrs. Sophia F. Miller, Mrs. W. S. Moffitt, Miss Clarissa Molamphy, Mrs. J. M. Moore, Mrs. J. H. Moorhead, Miss Emilie Moreland, Mrs. W. C. Morris, Miss Sarah Moyar, Dr. C. C. Moyer, Dr. I. J. Murdoch, Mr. Alexander Murtland, Mrs. John A. Mc MacClure, Mr. C. A. Macgahan, Mr. Paul MacLachan, Dr. A. A. McAfee, Mr. Robert McAloney, Mr. Thos. S. McCague, Mr. R. S. McCall, Miss Mary E. McCallam, Mr. A. C. McCallam, Mrs. A. C. McClay, Mr. Samuel McClelland, Dr. J. H. McClintock, Mr. Oliver McClung, Miss Isabelle McClurkin, Rev. J. K. McConnell, Miss Anna B. McConnell, Miss Lide McConway, Mr. Wm. McConway, Mrs. Wm. McCormick, Mr. J. C, Jr. McCormick, Mrs. John S. McCormick, Chancellor S. B. McCormick, Miss Sophia McCready, Dr. E. B. McCreery, Miss Emilie McCreight, Dr. W. S. McCurdy, Dr. John R. McCutcheon, Mrs. J. L. McCutcheon, Mrs. W. A. McDowell, Mr. J. C. McDowell, Mrs. J. C. McGiffin, Mr. Malcolm McGill, Mr. John McGinley, Mr. John R. McGinley, Mrs. John R. Mcllvaine, Mr. George D. Mcllvaine, Rev. J. H. Mcllvaine, Mrs. J. H. McKaig, Mrs. Caroline McKavney, Mr. John R. McKee, Mr. Logan McKnight, Mr. Chas. McKnight, Mr. T. H. B. McKnight, Mr. Samuel McKnight, Mrs. W. T. McLean, Mrs. Chas. B. McLean, Mrs. Chas. Voight McMillan, Miss Belle S. McNair, Mr. William McVay, Mr. Chas. C. 120 Civic Club of Allegheny County N Neeley, Mr. Harry W. Neeley, Mrs. Harry W. Neeper, Miss Marian Neff, Dr. E. L. Negley, Mr. Henry H. Nettelton, Dr. D. P. Neumont, Miss Kate Newcomer, Major H. C. Newmeyer, Mrs. J. C. Nicholson, Mrs. John Niebaum, Mr. John H. O'Brien, Mrs. G. G. O'Connor, Mrs. P. J. Ohl, Mrs. J. Arthur Ohlman, Dr. I. L. Oliver, Mr. Augustus K. Oliver, Mrs. David B. Oliver, Mrs. Jas. B. Oliver, Miss Mildred O'Neil, Mr. Edward Osborne, Mr. L. A. Osborne, Mrs. L. A. Packer, Mr. Gibson Painter, Mr. Chas. A. Panarello, Mr. Autonino Park, Mr. D. E. Park, Mr. James H. Park, Mrs. James H. Parker, Miss Alice N. Patterson, Dr. Ellen J. Patterson, Miss Hannah Patterson. Mr. Robert W. Patterson, Mrs. Robert W. Patton, Mr. F. B. Peacock, Mrs. Alexander Penny, Major J. P. Perkins, Mr. F. C. Perley, Mrs. J. A. Pettit, Dr. Albert Pettit, Mrs. Albert Phillips, Mr. John M. Pickering, Mrs. S. A. Pitt, Miss M. Emmilinne Porter, Hon. H. K. Porter, Mrs. H. K. Potter, Mr. John E. Price, Mr. Chas. B. Quay, Mrs. Richard R. Quigley, Mr. J. Edward Quinn, Miss Mary .A. Ramsey, Dr. Anna B. Rauh, Mrs. Enoch Reed, Mr. R. R. Rhodes, Dr. Fred. A. Ricketson, Miss Sarah G. Rieck, Mrs. E. E. Robbins, Mr. F. L. Robbins, Mrs. F. L. Roberts, Mr. Geo. L. Roberts, Miss Jennie L. Roberts, Mr. W. A. Robinson, Mr. W. H. Rodgers, Mrs. W. B. Rodgers, Mrs. W. L. Ross, Mrs. Mansfield Rowe, Mr. Wallace H. Russell, Mr. Fred A. Russell, Dr. J. M. Civic Club of Allegheny County 121 Samson, Mr. Harry Sanes, Dr. K. I. Sawyer, Miss Eleanor Sawyer, Miss Mary H. Scaife, Mr. W. L. Schatzman, Dr. E. P. Schleuderberg, Mr. Geo. W. Schoyer, Mr. A. M. Schoyer, Mrs. L. D. Schoyer, Mr. Wm. E. Schreuder, Mrs. J. G. Schuette, Mr. Wm. H. Scott, Mr. Chas. F. Scott, Mrs. Chas. F. Scott, Mrs. William Scandrett, Mr. R. B. Scandrett, Mrs. R. B. Scully, Mr. Cornelius D. Scully, Mrs. Cornelius D. Scully, Mr. Henry B. Scully, Mrs. Henry R. Seip, Mrs. C. P. Seip, Miss Semple, Miss Mary Seymour, Mrs. S. L. Shaffer, Mrs. Annie McKee Shaw, Mr. Geo. E. Shaw, Mrs. Geo. E. Shaw, Mr. Wilson A. Shea, Mr. J. B. Sherrard, Prof. R. M. Shrom, Dr. Laura G. Shute, Mr. H. D. Sill, Herbert F. Singrer, Mrs. W. H. Siviter, Mrs. W. H. Skelding, Mr. F. H. Skelding, Mrs. F. H. Slocum, Mrs. Frank Smith, Mrs. Anna E. Smith, Mr. Arthur H. Smith, Mrs. Arthur H. Smith, Mrs. A. W. Smith, Mr. E. Z. Smith, Mr. Lee S. Smith, Mrs. Norman Smith, Mr. R. E. Smith, Dr. Stanley Smith, Mrs. W. W. Spiro, Dr. M. Speer, Mr. John Z. Spencer, Mrs. Chas. H. Spring, Miss Anna M. Sprowls, Mr. T. W. Stahlman, Dr. T. M. Starr, Mrs. A. B. Steel, Mrs. John F. Steinmeyer, Mr. W. Stephenson, Mrs. J. F. Sterrett, Dr. J. K. Stevenson, Miss Eleanor J. Stevenson, Mrs. Wm. H. Stewart, Mr. D. G. Stewart, Mrs. D. G. Stewart, Mr. Hamilton Stieren, Dr. Edward Stimmel, Mr. B. C. Stoebner, Mr. Geo. H. Stone, Mrs. Wm. A. Storer, Mr. N. W. Stotz, Mr. Edward St. Peter, Miss Helen Stucky, Mrs. Pauline L. Sturtevant, Mr. Paul Sturtevant, Mrs. Paul Sullivan, Mrs. Edwin R. Sullivan, Mrs. J. H. Sunstein, Mr. A. J. Sunstein, Mrs. A. J. Suydam, Miss Emma Swan, Miss Grace Sweeney, Mrs. Gilliford Sweeney, Miss Sara Swensson, Mr. Emil 122 Civic Club of Allegheny County Taylor, Mr. Alexander Taylor, Mrs. Chas. L. Taylor, Mr, Daniel Taylor, Mrs. Daniel Taylor, Mr. Ed. B. Thaw, Mrs. Copley Thaw, Mr. Wm. Thaw, Mrs. Wm. Jr. Thomson, Mrs. Phillip Thompson, Mr. Edward Thompson, Mr. Wm. D. Thompson, Mrs. W. R, Thurston, Miss Alice Tipper, Mrs. W. J. Topp, Mr. O. M. Torrence, Mr. Francis J. Torrence. Mrs. Francis J. Trinks, Prof. Willibald Trump, Miss Isabel Turner, Mrs. J. J. Ulp, Mrs. R. M. u Vaill, Mr. Edward B. Van Dyke, Mrs. W. S. Van Wagonen, Mrs. Wade, Mr. Angus Wade, Mrs. Florence Walker, Mrs. John Walker, Dr. W. K. Wallace, Mrs. Augusta Wallace, Mrs. John C. Wallace, Mrs. Wm. T. Wardrop, Mrs. Robert Warmcastle, Mrs. Grace Wasson, Mrs. Henry G. Wattles, Mr. Chas. W. Wattles, Mr. W. W. Wattles, Mrs. W. W. Webster, Mr. Fred. S. Webster, Mrs. Fred S. Weil, Mr. A. Leo. Weil, Mrs. A. Leo. Weil, Mr. J. Weisser, Dr. Ed. A. Wells, Miss Alice Weller, Mr. Chas. F. Welles, Miss Jessie Westervelt, Dr. H. C. Wendt, Mr. John S. Whitehead, Miss M. W Veeder, Dr. Andrew Vermorcken. Mrs. E. Voltz, Miss Elizabeth Whitman, Miss Helen Whitman, Mr. Paul Whitman, Mrs. Wm. T. Wholey, Dr. C. C. Wible, Dr. E. E. Wilcox, Mrs. Frank Willetts, Mr. E. A. Williamson, Dr. J. H. Willson, Mr. Frank E. Wilson, Mrs. Columbus Wilson, Mrs. George H. Winner, Mr. H. E. Wise, Mr. Wm. F. Wishart, Mr. W. W. Wood, Mrs. W. H. Woods, Mr. E. A. Woods, Mrs. E. A. Woods, Mr. Lawrence Woodwell, Mrs. John Woodwell, Mrs. Wm. E. Wright, Mrs. H. T. Wright, Miss H. W. Wurtz, Mr. Alexander Wurtz, Mrs. Alexander Civic Club of Allegheny County 123 Y Young, Mr, Samuel Z Zahn, Mrs. William A. Zeller, Mrs. August Zeller, Mr. August I INDEX Page Affiliations 101 Allegheny County Industrial & Training School for Boys. . . .79 Allegheny County Child Labor Association 71 Arbor Day 27 Arsenal Park 37 Art Exhibit in Public Schools 26 Associated Charities 22 Billboards 95 Block House 50 Building Code 93 Camp School 83 Child Labor 68-69 Children's Leagues of Good Citizenship 21 Cigarettes to Minors 35 City-Budget 92 City Charter 38 Civic Exhibit 82 Committee on Tuberculosis 61 Conservation 83 Constitution and By Laws 107 Conventions 72 Court House Alterations 60 Department of Art 12 Department of Government 11 Down Town Libraries 72 Educational Department 11 Evening Industrial Schools 1898 28 Educational Work Among Foreigners 84 Expectoration 16 Federal Legislation — 1907 76 Federal Legislation — 1909 88 Federal Legislation. .1910 100 Finances 101 Floods 92 Forestry 59 Free Bridges 83 Garbage 13 Greater Pittsburgh 75 Grouping of Public Buildings 73 Guarantors 102 Home for Truant Children 77 Immigration Committee 98 Increased Gas Rates 75 Juvenile Court 39 Lectures from 1896 to 1910 Lectures in Public Schools — 1902 51 INDEX {Continued) Page Lectures in Public Schools— 1903 51 Lecture Course— 1909 87 Legal Aid 33 Medical Inspection 62 Membership 114 Miscellaneous Activities — 1896 19 Miscellaneous Activities — 1898 28 Miss McKnight's Death 76 Model Tenements 36 Municipal Hospital 18 Municipal Lodging House for Men 94 Officers and Directors 5 Open- Air Schools 85 Open Meetings 87 Organization 7 Peoples Bath 19 Peoples Gardens 18 Permanent Civic Committee 42 Pittsburgh Plan 91 Playgrounds , 14 Presidents 9 Pure Milk 82 Pure Water 12 Railroad Ordinances 50 Reformatory for Women 95 Removal of Penitentiary 82 Rooms of detention 88 Salute to the flag 21 School Inspection 36 Scholarships 69 Secretaries 10 Smoke 33 Social Science Department 12 Soho Public Baths 42 State Legislation— 1905 23 State Legislation— 1907 . 75 State Legislation— 1909 87 Subway 73 Teachers & Parents Association 38 Tenement House Reform 52 Traveling Libraries 59 The Survey 74 Trains on Liberty Street 60 Treasurer 10 INDEX (Continued) Page Tree Commission 90 Vice Crusade 91 Young Men's Civic Club of Allegheny 31 Youngs Men's Civic Club of Lawrenceville 29 OF J/ /•^ NICHOLSON PRINTING CO. PITTSBURGH 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. RENEWALS ONLY — TEL. NO. 642-3405 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. Mitt- U. C BcHlxtl-C • LD 21A-38m-5,'68 (,T401slO)476B General Library University of California Berkeley YD060922