THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 

 
 THE 
 
 LIFE 
 
 O F 
 
 HENRT CHICHELE,
 
 THE 
 
 LIFE 
 
 O F 
 
 HENRT C HIGH RLE, 
 
 ARCHBISHOP OF 
 
 CANTERBURY, 
 
 FOUNDER OF ALL SOULS COLLEGE, 
 IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED FOR J. WALTER, CHARING-CROSS. 
 
 M.DCC.LXXXIU.
 
 :BR 
 
 TO THfc 
 
 WARDEN AND FELLOWS 
 
 F 
 
 ALL SOULS COLLEGE, 
 
 THIS 
 
 LIFE OF THE FOUNDER, 
 
 IS INSCRIBED, 
 
 WITH GRATITUDE AND RESPECT, 
 
 B Y 
 THEIR OBLIGED, 
 
 HUMBLE SERVANT, 
 
 O. L. SPENCER, 
 
 FELLOW OF THAT SOCIETY* 
 
 852,357
 
 t trii 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 OF the Life which is the fubjecT: of 
 the following pages the earliefl 
 account extant is to be found in the 
 Statute Book of All Souls College, in the 
 pofleffion of his Grace the Archbifhop 
 of Canterbury -, from which it has been 
 copied into the Statute Book belonging 
 to the warden of the college. Neither 
 the date of this little treatife, nor the 
 name of the author, is mentioned. A 
 
 paflage
 
 [ via J 
 
 paflage in it, implying that it was drawn 
 up foon after the fuppreflion of the mo- 
 nafteries, has given occafion to afcribe it 
 to Dr. Warner, warden of the college in 
 the reigns of Henry VIII. Edward VI. 
 and Elizabeth : but the grofs errors 
 with which it abounds will hardly per- 
 mit us to lay any great ftrefs upon a con- 
 jecture, which attributes it to a perfon 
 whofe fituation necefiarily gave him op- 
 portunities of obtaining more accurate 
 information. Another account of the 
 fame life was written not many years 
 later than this, fubject, though in a lefs 
 degree, to all the objections which affect 
 the former : it is mort, incorrect, and 
 unfatisfactory : the author was Robert 
 Hoveden, warden of the college from 
 1571 to 1614. 
 
 THE
 
 THE defe&s of thefe fuperficial {ketches 
 have been amply compenfated by a work 
 of a very different caft, " The life of 
 archbifhop Chichele, by Arthur Duck, 
 fellow of the college and doctor of civil 
 and canon laws," publimed in 1617. la 
 compiling this work he has drawn his 
 materials from the beft authorities both 
 in print and manufcript. 
 
 THE induftry and difcernment with 
 which he has collected thefe materials, 
 and the perfpicuity with which he has 
 arranged them, have rendered that taik, 
 which his very concife mention of Chi- 
 chele's earlier years, and his almoft total 
 filence refpefting the fpirited oppolition 
 of that prelate to the ufurpations of 
 Martin V. feemed to require, neither 
 very intricate nor laborious. 
 
 $ THE
 
 THE authors of the Biographia Bri- 
 tannica have likewife given a life of 
 Chichele, borrowed, with little variation 
 or addition, from that of Duck. From 
 the elevated rank which he held, and 
 the important fcenes in which he was 
 engaged, he has been incidentally men- 
 tioned in moft of the hiftories and pub- 
 lic records of the age in which he lived. 
 The regiilers of the cathedral churches 
 of Salifbury and St. David's, the Har- 
 leian manufcripts, thofe in the archie- 
 pifcopal palace at Lambeth, and the ar- 
 chives of New College and All Souls, 
 have fujnimed many fupplemental me- 
 morials. 
 
 FROM thefe fources I have derived 
 whatever information I have been able 
 to communicate in the following meets. 
 
 As 
 9
 
 As I made Duck's life the ground-work 
 of my narrative, I have not thought it 
 necefTary to fpecify my obligations to 
 him by particular references j but where- 
 ever I have introduced any thing for 
 which I had not the fandtion of his 
 name, I have regularly cited the authority 
 from which I took it. 
 
 THE

 
 THE 
 
 LI F E 
 
 o i? 
 
 Archbidiop C H I C H E L E. 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 IN the hiftory of a life extenlively SECT. I. 
 beneficial the moft minute incidents 
 obtain a degree of importance. From 
 contemplating with pleafure the great 
 outlines of it, we are naturally led to 
 take an intereft in every fubordinate cir- 
 cumftance ; and we feel a fenfible difap- 
 B pointment,
 
 SECT. I. pointment, if events fo indifferent as the 
 genealogy of a family, or the date of a 
 birth, cannot be afcertained with pre- 
 cifion. 
 
 IN thefe two articles, however remote- 
 ly connected with his perfonal character, 
 it is to be regretted, that the memorials 
 relating to HENRY CHICHELE 
 are not fo full and explicit, as we find 
 them in the more advanced parts of hir 
 life, 
 
 WE are not, however, entirely def- 
 titute of information upon thefe ar- 
 ticles. Higham-ferrers, the place of the 
 Archbifhop's nativity, had been the re- 
 fidence.of the Chicheles for more than 
 two generations (a). Thomas, his fa- 
 
 (a) Harleian MSS, N 1408, pag. 61, 62. 
 
 3 thcr,
 
 [ 3 1 
 
 ther* was at leaft the fccond in defcent SECT I. 
 
 ^^^/^^ 
 
 after their fettlement in that town. His 
 mother, Agnes, was a gentleman's daugh- 
 ter of the name of Pyncheon (&)-. As 
 no mention is made of any landed pro- 
 perty fo early in the family, an alliance 
 thus creditable furnimes a prefumption 
 that the immediate anceftor of Henry 
 had been enabled to make provifion for 
 his children by the emoluments of fome 
 reputable trade* Of three fons two raifed 
 themfelves by their induftry to offices of 
 the higheft truft and dignity in the me- 
 tropolis of the kingdom (c). Robert, a 
 grocer, lived to be chofen twice mayor, 
 
 (Z>) Ibid. The Pyncheons bore arms, or, a bend, 
 three plates with a border counterchanged azure and 
 fable. See pref. to Stemmata Chichel. p. viii. 
 
 (<:) Fabian's Chron. p. 386, 388. 
 
 B 2 arrived
 
 [ 4 ] 
 
 SECT. I. arrived at the honourable diftindion of 
 
 *| ^ r ~M ' 
 
 knighthood, and at his death bequeathed 
 a large portion of a very plentiful for- 
 tune to charitable ufes. William, in 
 the fame line of life, bore the office of 
 fherifF and obtained the rank of alder- 
 man. 
 
 THESE deftinations, and that of Hen- 
 ry, are hardly confiftent with the pro- 
 fpecl: of hereditary wealth : though, at 
 the fame time, the fuccefs with which 
 they were attended implies an affiflance 
 derived from no fcanty fource. 
 
 UPON the whole it may be fairly pre- 
 fumed, that his parents were fully in a 
 capacity to afford his talents every necef- 
 fary fupport, though unable to advance 
 him to the elevated ftation he filled, by the 
 
 influence
 
 [ 5 3 
 
 influence of their own rank or connexions. SECT. I. 
 This defect the native independence of 
 fuperior abilities could eafily compen- 
 fate ; and we furvey him with admira- 
 tion opening his own way to the highefl 
 eccleiiaftical dignities. 
 
 THE want of more ample materials 
 leaves us at a lofs as to the particular 
 day of his birth : but there is fuf- 
 ficient evidence to warrant the placing 
 of it about the fixty-fecond year of the 
 fourteenth century ; fince in 1442 he 1362. 
 defcribes himfelf as having either com- 
 pleted or entered upon his eightieth 
 year (</). 
 
 To the grammar fchool at Winchef- 
 ter, erected by Wykeham as a nurfery 
 
 (</) See Letter to Eugenius 4, in Appendix, Ni. 
 B 3 to
 
 [ 6 ] 
 
 $ECT. I. io New College in Oxford (e), Chichele 
 ,was indebted for the firft principles of 
 that erudition which qualified him for 
 the difcharge of the moft honourable 
 and confidential employments in church 
 and flate. From this feminary he was 
 by a regular progreffion removed to New 
 College -, and, together with the partici- 
 pation of every other emolument be- 
 longing to that fociety, enjoyed the ad- 
 vantage of profecuting, in eafe and retire- 
 ment, the ftudy of the civil and canon 
 law, at that time the moil direct roa4 
 to advancement, 
 
 IN the fequeftered walks of collegiate 
 life little can arife to attract the notice 
 pf the public. The recorded bounty of 
 the founder has preferved the knowledge 
 
 (*-) R. Hoveden's MS. Life in the Archives of 
 All Souls College.
 
 [ 7 ] 
 
 of one ftep in Chichele's academical ca- SECT. I. 
 reer, as well as of his refidence at a fub- 
 fequent period. In the year 1388 he X 3 88 ' 
 received a dividend of thirteen {hillings 
 and four pence as bachelor of laws : in 
 1390 an augmented allowance of fixteen 1390. 
 pence a week was granted to him, under 
 a fevere fit of illnefs, during the greater 
 part of his confinement (fj. 
 
 IT is probable he did not refide in 
 Oxford long after this event. We find 
 him in 1392 prefented to a living in I 39 2 
 the diocefe of St. Afaph (gj. In 1396 1396. 
 he became rector of St. Stephen's, 
 Walbrook (h) , on the prefentation of the 
 abbot and convent of St. John of Col- 
 chefter. He was in the fame year 
 
 (f) E Rotulis computi burfar. of New College. 
 
 (g) Godwynde prsfulib. vol. i. p. 126. 
 (It) Newcourt's repert. vol. i. p. 539. 
 
 B 4 admitted
 
 r s i 
 
 SECT. I. admitted an advocate in the court of 
 1397. Arches (i). In 1397 he refigned the 
 redtory of St. Stephen's; and, as the arch- 
 deaconry of Dorfet (k) appears to have 
 been conferred upon him about this 
 time, we may conclude that he was al- 
 ready engaged in the fervice of his great 
 patron, RICHARD METFORD, bifliop of 
 Salifbury. 
 
 METFORD, in the tumultuous reign 
 of Richard II. had been fteadily at- 
 tached to the royal party ; and having 
 fuffered feverely with them in their 
 adverfity, when they recovered their 
 power, was removed from a canonry of 
 Windfor, firft to the bifhopric of Chi- 
 chefter, and thence to the fee of Salif- 
 
 (i) Godwyn, and his Annotator. 
 (k) Ibid. This archdeaconry is now in the diocefe 
 ef Briftol, 
 
 bury.
 
 [ 9 1 
 
 bury. A canonryxrf that cathedral ilands SECT. I, 
 next in the lift of Chichele's ecclefiaftical 1398. 
 promotions (1). He was now doctor of 
 laws, and vicar general to the bifliop 
 in all fpiritual matters (m), 
 
 To the following pieces of prefer- 
 ment he fucceeded in the order in which 
 they are fet down. Rectory of Bring- H 00 "- 
 ton, in the diocefe of Lincoln, by pre- 
 fentation of W. de Ferrers, Lord 
 Groby fn). Prebend of Nangwyty, in 
 the collegiate church of Aberguilly (o) 9 
 by collation of Guy de Mona, his pre- 
 deceffor in the epifcopal chair of St. 
 David's. Rectory of Sherfton, by ex- 
 change with John Mayland for thb 
 
 (Im) Lowth's Life of Wykeham, p. 199. 
 
 (n) Hift. of Northamptonfhire, vol. i. p. 37* 
 See article Brington, in the hundred of New- 
 bottle. 
 
 (o) Tanner's Biblioth. See article Chichele. 
 
 rectory
 
 f 1 ] 
 
 SECT. I. re&ory of Melcombe (p) ; both in the 
 diocefe of Sarum ; to which laft he was 
 prefented by the Earl of Worcefter and 
 Sir Hugh Le Defpenfer, joint patrons : 
 the patronage of Melcombe appears to 
 have been, for that prefentation, in one 
 
 J402- Elena Cerne (qj. Archdeaconry of Sa- 
 
 1403. lifbury : Canonry of Lincoln (rj. The 
 former of thefe dignities he exchanged 
 with Walter Metford, the bifhop's bro- 
 
 1404. ther, within two years, for the chancel- 
 lormip of the cathedral, together with 
 the annexed living of Odyham in Hamp- 
 fhire. Befides thefe benefices, the Pope 
 had, by a bull of provilion, nominated 
 him in 1402 to a prebend of Sarum, a 
 canonry of the conventual church of 
 Shafteibury, and a canonry of the coU 
 
 (p) E Regift. Medeford Sarum. f. 64* 
 
 (q) Ibid. 
 
 ( r) Tanner's Biblioth. See article Chichley, 
 
 legiate
 
 t II ] 
 
 legiate church of Wilton, whenever SECT. I. 
 they fhould become vacant (s). 
 
 How early foever Chichele might 
 have been defigned for the church, we 
 have no authority to date his entrance 
 upon the ecclefiaftical office earlier than 
 1392 : he was then ordained fubdea- 1392* 
 con by the biihop of Derry (t). He 
 was admitted to the order of prieft 1396, J39 6. 
 by William bifhop of Bafil (u). From 
 whom he received ordination as deacon, 
 is not mentioned. We are equally un- 
 certain as to the time when he took upon 
 him the inferior orders : and the infti- 
 tutions of the church of Rome, owing 
 to great irregularity and relaxation of 
 4ifcipline in the obfervance of them, are 
 
 ( s) Act. Pub. torn. iv. p. 23. 
 (t u) Tanner, as above. 
 
 not
 
 t 3 
 
 SECT. I. not calculated to affift us in this uncer-r 
 tainty. 
 
 OF feven Orders eflablifhed in that 
 church, three alone, thofe of Subdea- 
 eon, Deacon, and Prieft, were account- 
 ed holy. The four inferior, of Porter, 
 Reader, Exorcift, and Acolyte, though 
 fcrupuloujly abferved in primitive times, 
 were gradually become of no other im~ 
 portance to the candidates for the mini- 
 ftry, than as previous fleps to the three 
 fuperior orders, and, as fuch, were all 
 frequently conferred in one day ; yet, 
 by the indulgence of the fame church, 
 thefe accefTory orders were confidered as 
 qualifications for ecclefiaftical prefer- 
 ments ( f w). 
 
 (w) Durandi Rationale, lib. U, ca,p^ j. Mo^inuf, 
 de Grad. Ecclef. par. iii. p, 186. 
 
 ODYHAM,
 
 [ 13 1 
 
 ODYHAM, the lad benefice Chichele' SECT. I. 
 enjoyed from the bounty of his pro- * -"*** 
 tedlor Metford, was in the diocefe of 
 Winchefler. To have received inftitu- 
 tion at the hands of the venerable pre- 
 late, Wykeham, whofe munificence had 
 laid the foundation of his fortunes, muft 
 have rendered this promotion one of the 
 rnofl pleafing, though not one of the moil 
 important, occurrences in his life : the 
 recent deceafe of that great and good man 
 precluded him from this fatisfa&ion. His 1407. 
 feelings were put to a feverer trial by 
 the death of the bifhop of Salifbury, 
 with whom he lived in the moft fami- 
 liar habits of friendly intercourfe. As 
 a token of his lateft regard, the hi/hop 
 bequeathed him a golden goblet with a 
 cover, and appointed him his principal 
 executor. 
 
 By WHAT-
 
 [ H ] 
 
 SECT. I. WHATEVER we may allow him to 
 have facrificed on this occafion to the 
 calls of friendfhip, his abilities had ac- 
 quired a ftrength too firm to fink under 
 the fhock ; and his reputation needed no 
 adventitious fupport. He had been re- 
 prefented to his fovereign as a man of a 
 comprehenfive and verfatile genius, cor- 
 refted by a found and difccrning judg- 
 ment : and Henry had employed him, 
 firft on an embaffy to Pope Innocent VII. 
 and, in the courfe of the fame year, at 
 the court of France. His commif- 
 fions (x), in the former of which Sir 
 John Cheyne, in the latter Cheyne and 
 Mortimer are joined with him, bear date 
 1406. J u ty IJ > anc ^ October 8, 1406. In the 
 April following he was again honoured 
 with the public character of embafla- 
 
 (#) Al. Pub. torn. iv. p. 100, 102. 
 
 dor
 
 f '5 I 
 
 dor to Gregory XII. (y) ; a pontiff, of SECT. L 
 whom the Italian fzj writers have con- 
 defcended to record, that, in the expences 
 of his houmold, the fmgle article of 
 fugar amounted to more than the food 
 arid raiment of feveral of his prede- 
 ceflbrs. 
 
 IN this embaiTy Chichele acquitted 
 himfelf fo much to the Pope's fatisfac- 
 tion, who then held his court at Sienna, 
 that he received a very fubftantial proof 
 of his efteem within few weeks after 
 his arrival. Guy de Mona, biihop of 
 St. David's, having deceafed the latter 
 end of Auguft, the news no fooner 
 reached the court of Gregory, than he 
 prefented Chichele to the vacant fee by 
 
 (y) A&. Pub. torn. iv. 113. 
 (z) Muratori aad others ; fee Annali d'ltalia, 
 p. 37, torn, ix. 
 
 way
 
 [ 16 ) 
 
 ECT. I. way of provifion. There is fome tirU 
 certainty about the time of his confe- 
 c'ration (a) ; but it is very probable, as 
 the Pope quitted Sienna (b) in the 
 1408. January enfuing, that Chichele, who 
 accompanied him to Lucca, and refided 
 fome months there in his retinue, was 
 confecrated early in May the fame year 
 in that city. He arrived in England 
 about the middle of Auguft, arid was 
 inverted by the archbifhop of Canterbury 
 
 (a) The regifter of St. David's mentions his con- 
 fecration as performed on May 1 7 ; but the place and 
 the year are not legible : yet the dates of thofe parts 
 of the regifter, which are in better prefervation, 
 correfpond fo uniformly with the date of his confe- 
 cration there given, that one can hardly doubt its 
 accuracy. Duek y who is in general remarkably cor- 
 recl:, is probably mifinformed when he fays, that 
 Chichele was confecrated in October 1407. 
 
 (b) Chronicle of Sienna. Murat. coll. torn. xix. 
 p. 421. 
 
 with
 
 [ '7 1 
 
 with the fpiritualities of his bifhopric SECT. I. 
 bri the 26th. Letters patent for the 
 refutation of his temporalities had, at 
 the pope's felicitation, been made out 
 before his return, under the cuftomary ' 
 obligation of renouncing every claim 
 prejudicial to the king's prerogative. 
 
 To underhand in wnat manner thefe 
 papal prefentations interfered with v the 
 fovereign rights of the crown of England, 
 it may not be improper to take a view 
 of the matter a little more at large. That 
 the catholic church, of which the popes 
 claimed the fole direction and fuperin- 
 tendence, might not be injured by 
 neglect of fervice, or the appointment of 
 unfit minifters, thefe holy fathers af- 
 fumed the privilege of difpoling of the 
 mofl valuable ecclefiaftical benefices by 
 way of provijion : a term originally 
 C confined
 
 E i* ] 
 
 SZCT. I. confined to the alignment of a benefice 
 before it became vacant, but applied in- 
 difcriminately in procefs of time to any 
 prefentation of the pope. This privi- 
 lege was collaterally fecured> by the long- 
 eftablifhed cuftom of drawing to their 
 own tribunals every caufe that was in 
 any wife connected with fpiritual mat- 
 ters. Edward III. endeavoured to flem 
 this torrent of papal encroachments by 
 the flatutes of provifors and praemunire,. 
 which prohibited the fubjedt from ac- 
 cepting any benefice at the pontiff's 
 hands without the royal licence, and- 
 from profecuting any fuit in a foreign 
 court. Thefe flatutes were revived by 
 Richard II. and continued through this 
 and feveral fucceeding reigns ; though 
 ineffectual for the purpofe of retraining, 
 papal ufurpation. The pope frill afferted 
 his pretenfions, and his provifions took 
 
 place :
 
 t 19 1 
 
 place" : only the claimant under" them SECT. I. 
 was obliged to renounce all title con- 
 ferred by them to the temporalities, and 
 every expreffion contained in the bull 
 that could be conftrued in prejudice of 
 the crown. 
 
 SECTION
 
 H 1 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 S acknowledged talents for ne- 
 gotiation did not allow the new- 
 made bifhop of St. David's to go through 
 all the ceremonies that concur to the 
 completion of the epifcopal character. 
 He was not yet inthroned when he was 
 1409* fummoned to a fynod, called by arch- 
 bifhop Arundel, to deliberate upon the 
 choice of proper perfons to reprefent the 
 Englifh nation at the council of Pifa. 
 
 THIS council was convened with a 
 view to the fettlement of a fchifm that 
 had divided the Roman church, and dif- 
 graced the apoftolic chair, by the double 
 claim of rival pretenders, for more than 
 thirty years. Gregory had been raifcd 
 
 to
 
 I 21 J 
 
 to that chair, by one party of pious SECT. 
 fticklers for the integrity of the fuc- \ -^ . 
 ceffion of St. Peter, on condition of his 
 refigning, if, by a general decree of the 
 Chriftian church, his competitor Bene- 
 dift mould be judged to have the cleared 
 title to it. 
 
 BY the unanimous fuffrages of the 
 fynod, Robert Hallum, bifhop of Sa- 
 lifbury, Thomas Chillingdon, prior of 
 Canterbury, and Chichele, were deputed 
 to attend the Pifan council : and, to de- 
 fray their expences, every beneficed 
 clergyman was taxed in the proportion 
 of four pence in the pound for all his 
 ecclefiaftical pofleffions. The fpiritual 
 envoys took their journey through 
 France, and in their progrefs were fplen- 
 didly entertained by the univerlity of 
 Paris, and treated with every other mark 
 of the mofl flattering attention. On 
 C 3 the
 
 [ 22 ] 
 
 SECT, the 27th of April they arrived at Pifa, 
 t.jr^, j and were witneffes to the depofition of 
 Gregory and the antipope Benedict, 
 both of whom had adted a very fubtle 
 and difingenuous part through the whole 
 bufinefs. On the yth of July the car- 
 dinals made their election of the arch- 
 bimop of Milan, who, on his acceffion 
 to the papal throne, took upon him the 
 name of Alexander V. His hiftory is. 
 fliort and fingular. He was by birth a 
 Cretan. His parents have not been fo 
 clearly afcertained. Thrown young 
 upon the world, he fuftained for a time 
 the hardmips of a vagabond life and 
 precarious fubfiftence : till a Minorite 
 friar, touched with his diftrefs, and ob-. 
 ferving in him fymptoms of a genius 
 that promifed to repay the cultivation, 
 removed him to the friendly {belter cf 
 a convent, and the comforts of a re- 
 gular provifion. Having procured him, 
 
 admiffion,
 
 [ *3 1 
 
 i 
 
 admiffion into his own order, he in- SECT. 
 ftrudted him in the elements of gram- ^.^^ 
 mar and logic, the prevailing fludies 
 of the age. On this ban's Alexander 
 raifed a fuperflru&ure of exteniive eru- 
 dition. Having applied himfelf clofely 
 to ethics and divinity at Oxford, and 
 read lectures in thofe fciences with great 
 reputation at Paris, he was in the courfe 
 of few years promoted to the fee of 
 Milan. This poft he filled when the 
 fentence of the conclave pronounced him 
 the legitimate fuccefTor of St. Peter ; a 
 ftation to which he brought the rare 
 qualifications of profound learning and 
 incorruptible fimplicity of manners - t but 
 he brought them allayed by the indo- 
 lence of monaftic habits, and the love 
 of literary eafe. The vexations of a 
 life repugnant to his natural bent of 
 mind operating on the ordinary infir- 
 C 4 mities
 
 SECT, mities of age (a) once more vacated 
 <^-J-^j the apoftolic chair within the revolu- 
 tion of twelve months (b) : if that 
 chair could with propriety be termed 
 vacant, to which Gregory and Benedict 
 perfifted in avowing their claim. 
 
 CHICHELE' did not remain long in 
 Italy after Alexander's inauguration. 
 He returned to England in the winter 
 of the fame year ; and, refuming his pa- 
 ftoral cares, diligently applied himfelf 
 to a confcientious difcharge of them, 
 during a refidence of feveral months fcj. 
 
 (a) John XXIII. was fufpefted of having contri- 
 buted to his death by poifon. L'Enfant. Hift. de 
 concile de Coriftance, Liv. ii. chap. 77 : but 
 his death was more probably the natural effe& of 
 age. 
 
 (b) Bower's Lives of the Popes, vol. vii. 
 p. 123. 
 
 (<) Regifter of St. Pavid's. 
 
 IT
 
 IT is to this period that we muft re- SEC T. 
 fer a propofal from him of refigning cer- t _^ 
 tain preferments, which he held in com- 
 mendam, if he might be permitted to 
 prefent to them ; a requeft that the pope 
 and the king made no difficulty of 
 granting (dj. The latter end of May 1410. 
 he was again fent to France with Sir 
 John Cheyne, Cattryck, and Henry Lord 
 Beaumont, to negotiate a renewal of the 
 truce between the two kingdoms. By 
 letters dated December 2 3d, the object 
 of their negotiation appears to have been 
 happily effected : but the jealoulies of 
 the borderers made it necefTary to invert 
 the commimoners with frefh powers the 
 year following, for the fettlement of 1411. 
 fome fubfequent infractions (e). After 
 the adjuftment of this affair Chichele 
 
 (d) (t) Aft. Pub. torn. \v. p. 171. 
 
 i o revifited
 
 [ *6 J 
 
 S i c T. revifited his diocefe, and was inthroncd 
 c, - y ^., May the nth with the ufual ceremo- 
 nies (f). 
 
 IN this and the next year we find him 
 frequently refident at his epifcopal pa- 
 1412. l ace > an d an adjoining manor (g). In one 
 of thefe vifits to his diocefe he collated 
 William Chichele to a prebend in his 
 cathedral (b), probably the elder fon of 
 his brother \Villiam ; who, it appears, 
 was bred a clergyman, attained confider- 
 able preferment in the church, and died 
 at Rome on an embafly to the pope fij. 
 From the dates of his injunctions with- 
 in the laft eighteen months (k) we 
 may colled:, that he refided at intervals 
 
 (f) Regifter of St. David's. 
 
 (g) (b) Ibid. 
 
 (i) Pref. to Stemm. Chichel. p. ic. 
 (t) Regifter of St. David's. 
 
 in
 
 In the metropolis, which the death of SECT. 
 his royal mafter foon rendered a fcene of ^- r -^ 
 more than ordinary bufinefs and im- 
 portance. 
 
 HENRY IV. clofed the weary courfe 
 of a turbulent reign on the 2Oth of 
 March 1413. He had wrefted the fcep- ?4 X 3 
 tre by violence from the hand of the 
 rightful poiTdfTor, and maintained it in a 
 hard and doubtful ftruggle againft the 
 moft formidable enemies; whofe open 
 revolt and hoftile defiance fublided only 
 in the fufpicious ftillnefs of fupprefled 
 refentments and covered treafon. 
 
 IF the church loft a powerful protestor 
 jn this prince, they felt no diminution of 
 their authority in the fucceilion of his heir. 
 Henry of Monmouth, while- he favoured 
 the interefts of the clergy at large, repofed a 
 
 particular
 
 SECT, particular confidence in Chichele. The 
 i_ w -^ fpace of very few weeks intervened be- 
 tween the demife of the late, and his 
 employment under the reigning, fove- 
 reign. With the bifhop of Exeter he 
 was appointed to determine a fuit be- 
 tween the city of Bayonne and one Pe- 
 ter de Conties (I). The circumftances 
 of this caufe are not upon record ; but 
 the exprefs refervation of the final fen- 
 tence to the king himfelf implies, that 
 it was not of a trivial nature. 
 
 THERE cannot be produced a more 
 convincing argument of Chichele's fu- 
 perior fkill in the management of great 
 political objects, than his repeated pub- 
 lic charges. After a very fhort inter- 
 miffion of national bufinefs, he was 
 again called out in the fervice of his 
 (1) Aft. Pub. torn. iv. part. 2. p. 31. 
 
 country,
 
 [ 29 ] 
 
 country, in conjunction with the Earl SECT. 
 of Warwick, Lord Zouch, and other uv 
 commiflloners, to lay before the court 
 of France fome conditions of treaty ; 
 the chief of which was a renewal of 
 the truce that had fubfifted, with fre- 
 quent interruptions, from the 2Oth of 
 Richard II. (m). They had it alfo in their 
 inftrudtions,^ to conclude an alliance of 
 perpetual peace with the duke of Bur- 
 gundy. The former only of thefe was 
 effectuated : and the ratification of a 
 truce for eight months was iignified by 
 letters from the embafladors, dated Sep- 
 tember, at Lenlingham (n) y a frontier 
 town, and the ufual place of conference. 
 It is evident, from thefe various renewals 
 of the original truce, that the faith of trea- 
 ties was not very religioufly obferved by 
 
 (m) (n) Aft, Pub, torn, iv. part ^. p. 40, 41, 48. 
 
 either
 
 t 3<> ] 
 
 SECT, either party. The poffeflions of the Eng~ 
 v^. ,-../ lifh on the ancient territories of France, 
 fubniitted to with impatience, and main- 
 tained with captious exactnefs, admini- 
 ftered perpetual matter for contention. 
 
 THIS was the laft political character in 
 which Chichele appeared as bifhop of 
 1414. St. David's: in the fpring of 1414, he was 
 tranflated to the fee of Canterbury, va- 
 cant by the death of archbimop Arundel. 
 The prior and monks of that churchy 
 having obtained the king's conge d'elire,- 
 proceeded to make their election : and 
 the votes being unanimous in favour of 
 Chichele, two of the chapter were de- 
 puted to acquaint him with their choice* 
 and to beg his approbation. He was 
 then in London ; and, on the arrival of 
 the delegates, having taken a mort time 
 for deliberation, he the next morning, 
 i in
 
 in prefence of the Duke of York and SEC r. 
 the Bifhop of Norwich, delivered his i__ - < -,j i 
 fentiments to this effect : That, confider- 
 ing himfelf as united in the bonds of fpi- 
 ritual matrimony to the church of St, 
 David's, he could not look forward to 
 new engagements till thefe bonds were 
 cancelled by the pope. The prior and 
 brotherhood made immediate application 
 for that purpofe, and their petition was 
 Arongly feconded by the crown. 
 
 AT once to preferve the honour of the 
 apoilolic fee, and to confult its interefls, 
 required no fmall addrefs. The old 
 papal claim of providing to vacancies in 
 the church could not confidently be 
 waved : and to offend the Englifh mo- 
 narch, by an obftinate oppofition to his- 
 wifhes, was by no means fafe. A court 
 kfs fruitful in expedients than that of 
 Rome might have been embarrafled how 
 
 to
 
 [ 3* 1 
 
 to ad: in fo delicate a conjuncture : to 
 obviate every difficulty, a middle plan 
 was adopted : the pontiff infifted upon 
 his right of provifion -, but at the fame 
 time took care to gratify the humour of 
 the petitioners, by providing the perfon 
 of their choice. 
 
 CHICHELE' received the pall from the 
 hands of the bimop of Winchester, after 
 having profeffed obedience to the Pope 
 in the cuftomary forms. Inverted with 
 the fpiritualities he repaired to the 
 king at Leicester; and, having prayed 
 the restitution of his temporalities, and, 
 formally renouncing every claim under 
 the papal provifion derogatory from the 
 rights of the crown, was put in full (o) 
 pofleffion of them May 1 3th. 
 
 As 
 
 (o) Duck and Godwyn fay, that Chichele com- 
 pounded for the temporalities during the vacancy of 
 
 the
 
 f 33 ] 
 
 As he now begins to move in a more SECT. 
 enlarged fphere, it will be requifite to i ., 
 carry our attention back to forhe pre- 
 ceding events, on which much of the 
 perfpicuity of the enfuing account muft 
 neceflarily depend. 
 
 the fee by a prefent of fix hundred marks. This in- 
 ftrument of reftitution in the Acla Publica takes no 
 notice of this compofition. Chichele's petition there 
 recited extends to all the iflues and profits of the fee 
 during its vacancy, and the king's proclamation fays 
 only " reilituimus prout moris eft." 
 
 D SECTION
 
 -*- 
 
 34 } 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 SECT. rr^H E fpirit of bold fpeculation and 
 free inquiry, introduced by Wick- 
 liffe, and propagated with zeal by his 
 difciples, had, in the two laft reigns, 
 made great ftrides, if not towards weak- 
 ening the authority of the church, at 
 leaft in abating the refpecl: paid to it. 
 
 THE natural confequence of viewing 
 the facerdotal order with diminimed 
 veneration was a defire to deprive its 
 members of a part of the plentiful reve- 
 nues they at that time enjoyed ; and 
 which feemed the more exorbitant, from. 
 being confidered as ufelefs defalcations 
 from the general flock. Few years had 
 elapfed fince the commons, aflembled
 
 t 35 ] 
 
 in parliament, prefented a bill for con- SECT. 
 verting to the relief of the national ne- y_ T ^n 
 ceffities the temporal polTeffions of the 
 church. Thefe, they alledged (p) y would 
 maintain 15 earls, as many hundred 
 knights, 1 6,000 elqutres, 100 new almf- 
 houfes, and leave' a furplus of 20,000 
 marks for the contingent expences of the 
 crown. According to their eftimate, the 
 clergy pofleffed a yearly income of* - 
 322,000 (q) marks ; a fum that mufl 
 have appeared enormous, when the fuffi- 
 cient provifion of a priefl was computed 
 at the annual ftipend of 7 (r) marks. 
 
 THE prudence of the king had check- 
 ed the progrefs of this violent proceed- 
 
 (p) Fab. Chron. p. 386. 
 
 (q) Ibid* equal to about 2 1 4,000 /. 
 
 (r) Ibid*. by the fame computation, the number 
 of priefts adequate to the fervice of religion through? 
 out England was calculated at 15,000. 
 
 D * ing j
 
 [ 36 1 
 
 SECT, ing 3 but the difpofition which dictated 
 uy*^J it flill prevailed. 
 
 WE have already feen fome overtures 
 of peace between France and England* 
 The former kingdom had been long har-^- 
 raffed with the moft cruel inteftine divi- 
 fions : Charles VI. the reigning mo- 
 narch, was, from frequent and lafting 
 paroxyfms of infanity, rendered inca- 
 pable of attending to the government 
 of the realm ; and this rich and popu* 
 lous country was become a facrifke to 
 the factious pride and deep refentments 
 of the two powerful houfes of Orleans 
 and Burgundy. 
 
 DELUSIVE hopes of a reconciliation 
 were, for a confiderable time, confident- 
 ly entertained, and true patriots hailed 
 the aufpicious omen with unfeigned
 
 [ 37 ] 
 
 joy; when, in the year 1412, according SE ^ 
 to the fimple manners of the age, the v v 
 two dukes were feen riding through the 
 ftreets of Auxerre, mounted on one 
 horfe (f); but thefe flattering appear- 
 ances were of fhort duration ( t J. 
 Henry IV. whofe friendship they had 
 alternately folicited, politically foment- 
 ed their diflenfion, forefeeing that it 
 mufl eventually tend tp the advantage of 
 his dominions, 
 
 SUCH was the relative (ituation of the 
 kingdom, fuch the temper of the people, 
 
 (f) Villaret's Hiftory of France, torn. vii. p. 107. 
 
 (t) A French memorialift has afcribed the origin 
 of this quarrel to a very unwarrantable vanity in the 
 duke of Orleans ; who, that he might have the re- 
 putation of an intrigue with the duchefs of Bur- 
 gundy, placed her portrait in a cabinet of beauties 
 fuppofed to have fallen victims to his gallantry. 
 Gollut. Mem. of the Houfe of Burgundy, p. 616, 
 
 D ? when
 
 t 38 ] 
 
 SECT, when Chichele entered upon the admi- 
 ts- v ' niflration of the metropolitan fee -, and 
 in that capacity became peculiarly en- 
 gaged in the fupport of the eftablifhed 
 religion, and the protection of a nume- 
 rous body of regular and fecular clergy, 
 He could not have undertaken this 
 charge at a more critical juncture ; the 
 parliament, now convened at Leicefter, 
 revived the old attack upon the tempo- 
 ralities of the church, and warmly ex- 
 horted the king to take them into his 
 own hands. The embafladors of France 
 were actually in England, and Henry- 
 had fignified to them demands on their 
 court, which amounted to little lefs than 
 an open declaration of hoflilities. In 
 fuch a pofture of affairs, every propofal 
 that promifed a fupply could not fail of 
 being attentively liftened to : and the 
 king began to confider the meafure fug- 
 
 gefted
 
 [ 39 ] 
 
 Celled to him by his faithful commons SECT. 
 
 III. 
 
 as equally convenient and practicable. ^ ' 
 
 THIS was a dreadful alarm to the 
 clergy ; and it required all their pru- 
 dence to parry a blow aimed fo directly 
 at the vitals of their conftitution. After 
 frequent confutations, they reiblved to 
 divert the impending danger, by the vo- 
 luntary cemon of a part of their poffef- 
 fions. Chichele undertook to lay this 
 offer before the king in parliament. In 
 a ftudied harangue upon the occafion, 
 he earnefUy urged the recovery of Henry's 
 hereditary dominions in France, and 
 fpoke very largely and learnedly upon 
 the falique law. The old chronicles at- 
 tribute the king's fixed refolution of car- 
 rying his arms into France to the influ- 
 ence of this fpeech. It is certain, how- 
 ever, that this refolution was taken pre- 
 D 4 vioufly
 
 [ 4 ] 
 
 vioufly to Chichele's oration (u)- y which 
 feems rather to have been framed, in or- 
 der to bring the parliament into the 
 king's views. Ralph Neville, earl of 
 Weftmoreland, is faid to have oppofed 
 fpme articles of this fpeech, affirming 
 that the war mould continence with 
 Scotland ; and to have been fully an- 
 fwered on thefe points by the duke of 
 Exeter -, a pobleman who had acquired, 
 in the academies of Italy, a tafle for let- 
 ters very uncommon amongft the laity ir; 
 this century (w.J* 
 
 JF ^he revenues of the Englifh clergy 
 efcaped, the alien priories were given 
 up without hefitation, a nd veiled in the 
 
 (u) See Claiips of Henry on the Crown of Francq, 
 1413, AdlaPub. and Rapin. 
 
 (w) Thefe fpeeches are of fufpicious authority, 
 though given by all the old chroniclers. 
 
 7 king
 
 [ 4i ] 
 
 king by parliament ; except fuch as 
 were conventual, or where the power of 
 electing their own head rendered them 
 lefs neceflarily dependent on foreign 
 ibbies. 
 
 GHICHELE', in concurrence with thefc 
 meafures, confirmed in convocation (x) 
 an order of the council, prohibiting any 
 future promotion of a foreigner to fpiri-r 
 tual dignity or benefice, before he had 
 given fecurity that he would neither di- 
 vulge the fecrets of government, nor in 
 any manner abet the defigns of the enemy. 
 The fame regard to the conftitutional 
 interefts of his own country prompted 
 him to propofe the abolition of all im- 
 munities and exemptions granted by au- 
 thority of the pope (y). 
 
 (x) Hollingfhed. torn. ii. p. 54.7. 
 
 (y) Walfingham, Hypod. Heuft. p. 579. 
 
 THE
 
 [ 42 ] 
 
 SECT. THE fpring of 1415 opened with the 
 ^ _ Y ^I moft unequivocal appearances of a French 
 il5 * war. No preparation was neglected 
 that could forward the favoufite fcheme 
 of invafion. The next object of impor- 
 tance was the adminiftration of the realm 
 during the fovereign's abfence. Chichele, 
 who held the highefl rank in the coun- 
 cil fzj appointed to execute this truft, 
 was inverted likewife with the autho- 
 rity to mutter (a) all the clergy, as well 
 regular as fecular, throughout his dio- 
 cefe, for the defence of the coafl - y a 
 manifeil indication, that the kingdom 
 was greatly depopulated by the levies 
 for a continental war. Orders of the 
 lame import were fent to moil of the 
 other bimops : and the temporal peers 
 
 (z) Act. Pub. tom iv. part 2d. p. 1 12. 
 (a) Jbid. utfupra, p. 123. 
 
 were
 
 [ 43 1 
 
 were impowered to raife the militia of- SECT. 
 the different counties. u ^ 
 
 WE fhall obtain fome flight idea of 
 the quarters that were moft open to in- 
 curfion, if we add the difpofition of 
 the regular forces left for home fer- 
 vice (b). Of thefe, 200 lances and 
 400 archers were affigned for the guard 
 of the eaft and weft marches towards 
 Scotland ; 100 lances and 200 archers for 
 that of North and South Wales - y and 
 for the fea coaft in general 1 50 lances, 
 300 archers, and double mipping. 
 
 THE internal defence of England be- 
 ing thus arranged, the king looked for- 
 ward with the more fecurity to the 
 embarkation of his troops for France : 
 
 (b) Aft. Pub. torn, iv, part ad. p. 112. 
 
 but
 
 [ 44 ] 
 
 S z c T. but he did not engage in this important 
 c v~-j enterprise unprepared for an event, which 
 the hazardous nature of his expedition 
 rendered neither very improbable, nor 
 perhaps very diftant. In the will, which 
 he executed prevjoufly to his departure, 
 Chichele was affectionately remembered, 
 in the bequeft of a crimfqn embroidered 
 velvet robe (c). 
 
 IN this ilate of affairs the French 
 embaffadors returned, to prevent, if pof- 
 iible, the projected attack, by more 
 ample conceffions on the part of their 
 court. They were feafted at the royal 
 table in the caftle of Winchefler -, and 
 Chichele, by command of the king, 
 paving given them a peremptory anfwer, 
 they departed, under fafe conduct, the 
 
 (c) Aft, Pub. torn, iv, part zd. p. 138. 
 
 unwelcome
 
 [ 45 1 
 
 unwelcome harbingers of Henry's arrival, SECT. 
 who with a formidable army quickly i^-,^- 
 appeared at the gates of Harfleur. 
 
 WHEN the whole, almoft, of the lands 
 in England was held by military tenure, 
 we mall not be furprized to find the pay 
 of the army regulated, in a great nieafure, 
 by the civil rank of the perfons who 
 compofed it. But whilft a duke receiv- 
 ed a mark a day, an earl half a mark, a 
 baron 4 millings, and an efquire 2, we 
 {hall be led to conclude very unfavour- 
 ably of the philofophy and fcience of 
 the age, on finding the fervices of a phy- 
 fician rated no higher than at i milling 
 a day, the eftablimed wages of a man at 
 arms (d). 
 
 THE progrefs of the royal army, and 
 (d) Aft. Pub. torn. iv. part 2d. p. 112. 116. 
 
 the
 
 { 46 ] 
 
 SECT, the glorious day of Azincourt, are too 
 v^.-^ ,i well known to need a particular defcrip- 
 tion. To the trophies that crowned the 
 victorious furvivors of that hard-fought 
 field I find a fingular privilege added, 
 and confirmed in the year 1417 by an 
 ac~r. (e) 9 which forhade any perfon to 
 wear a coat of arms, without hereditary 
 right, or gift of lands to which arms be- 
 longed, unlefs he had fought at the battle 
 of Azincourt; a title deemed equivalent 
 to every other. 
 
 To return to the archbifhop; in con- 
 formity to his prince's commands, he 
 enjoined all the ecclefiaflics in the dio- 
 cefe of Canterbury to hold themfelves in 
 readinefs to repell the enemy, if they 
 made any incurfions on that coaft. 
 
 (t) Aa. Pub. torn. iv. part ad. p. 201. 
 
 6 THE
 
 t 47 1 
 
 THE king reviiited England in No- SECT, 
 vember; and Chichele, on the 28th of y^,.- y 
 the fame month, fummoned a provincial 
 fynod at London. The firft day was 
 devoted to the duties of religion. The 
 archbifhop performed mafs at the great 
 altar of St. Paul's. On the fucceeding 
 days, the upper and lower houfes of 
 convocation went into a difcuffion of 
 ecclefiaftical matters - t and having de- 
 creed two tenths to be paid, within two 
 years, towards the fupport of the war, 
 and commanded the religious obfervance 
 of the anniverfaries of St. David, St. 
 Chad, St. Winifred, and St, George, 
 the archbiihop diflblved the afTembly. 
 
 IT was during this fynod that Chi- 
 chele, together with the bimops of 
 Winchefter and Durham, and Sir John 
 Rotherhale, was appointed to receive all 
 
 the
 
 t 48 ] 
 
 the profits arifing from wardmips, and 
 marriages of wards of the crown, and to 
 apply them to the expences of the king's 
 voyage (f). 
 
 ANOTHER convocation was afTerhbled 
 by Chiehele on the firft of April fol- 
 lowing, to deliberate about the nominal 
 tion of fre{h delegates for the council of 
 Conftance (g) ; which the death of fome 
 
 (f) Aft. Pub. torn. iv. part ad. p. 150. 
 
 (g) The depofition of John XXIII, who was accufed 
 of every crime that {hocks and difgraces human na- 
 ture ; the confirmation of the practice, which had pre- 
 vailed in the Roman church about two centuries, of 
 giving the laity the facrament only in one kind, left 
 (amongft other reafons) they might defile the cup by 
 dipping their long beards in ; and the firft admiflion 
 of the Englifh on an equal foot with France, Italy, 
 Germany, and Spain, which hitherto had enjoyed 
 the exclufive privilege of being ftyled nations by the 
 court of Rome ; were no indonfiderable part of the bu- 
 fmefs that occupied the fathers of the council of 
 Conftance, from its commencement 14135 to its dif- 
 folution 1417. 
 
 who
 
 [ 49 ] 
 who had been fent thither two years be- s T T C T T * 
 
 fore, and the increafed number of agents <- / 
 
 1416. 
 
 from other courts, made neceflary; The 
 bimop of London, twelve doctors, and 
 the chancellors of the two univerfities, 
 were named to anfwer this requifition ; 
 and their expences were defrayed, as 
 ufual, by an afTeflment on the church. 
 In the fame meeting the rapid advances 
 of heretical doctrines became a fubjecl: of 
 alarming confideration ; as we may infer 
 from a conftitution for the repreffion of 
 them, published by Chichele in the 
 fummer of the current year. 
 
 ABOUT this period the emperor Si- 
 gifmund vifited England, and, in con- 
 junction with the French embafTadors, 
 endeavoured to effect a peace between 
 the two belligerant powers. But the 
 news of the fiege of Harfleur under the 
 E direction
 
 [ 5 ] 
 
 SECT, direction of the conftable Armagnac, in- 
 ^_ - T ^ _i terrupted the negotiations; and the king, 
 having defpatched the duke of Bedford 
 to fuccour the befieged, after a fhort in- 
 terval accompanied the emperor on his 
 road to Conftance as far as Calais. 
 
 HITHER Chichele, having brought 
 the fynod to a conclufion, followed his 
 fovereign j and at the head of a delegacy 
 appointed to treat with the archbimop 
 of Rheims and others, on the old and 
 unpromifing bufmefs of peace, accom- 
 plifhed the fecondary object of a four 
 months truce (h), to be obferved by land 
 through the marches of Picardy and all 
 weftern Flanders, and by fea from Mo- 
 rocco to Norway. 
 
 (b) At. Pub. torn. iv. part 2d. p. 179. 
 
 DURING
 
 [ 5' ] 
 
 SECT. 
 
 DURING the abode of the Englifh _- r 
 court at Calais, king Henry had an in- 
 terview with the duke of Burgundy -, on 
 which occafion Gloucefter, the king's 
 brother, became an hoffcage to count 
 Charolois, the duke of Burgundy's fon; 
 at whofe firft viiit, as a contemporary 
 (i) writer of credit has obferved with 
 fome refentment, the Englim prince, 
 inftead of advancing to meet him, con- 
 tinued feveral moments in difcourfe with 
 his domeftics, and at length, making him 
 only a flight bow, added coldly, " Fair 
 " coufin, welcome." 
 
 LATE in November Chichele re- 
 turned in the king's train to England, 
 and, having fummoned, by his order, an 
 aflemblyof the clergy at London, obtained 
 (i) Monftrelet, chap. clxi. vol. i._] 
 
 E 2 a grant
 
 t 5* ] 
 
 a grant of two tenths for the profecution 
 of the war (k)\ and fettled the annual ce- 
 lebration of the feafts of St. Crifpin and 
 St. John of Beverley : the latter of thefe 
 faints was believed to have taken an un- 
 common intereft in the toils of the com- 
 batants at Azincourt, his tomb having 
 been remarked by fome devout pilgrims 
 to have diftilled large drops of oil during 
 that bloody conflict. The injunction 
 for the obferving of thefe feafts, dated at 
 the archbifhop's manor of Otteford (IJ, 
 clofes this year. 
 
 (k) A&. Pub. torn. iv. part 2d. p. 189- 
 (I) The manor of Otteford was exchanged by 
 archbifhop Warham with Henry VIII. continued 
 in the crown till the time of the civil war ; was then 
 granted to colonel Robert Gibbons, and is now in 
 the Leicefter family. Philpot, and Harris's Survey of 
 Kent. Phil. pag. 263. Har. 238. 
 
 SECTION
 
 [ 53 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 THE king, whofe thoughts were SECT. 
 wholly fixed upon the French 
 war, embarked for Normandy the latter 
 end of the fummer ; and, on his depar- 
 ture, Chichele ordered prayers to be of- 
 fered up in all the churches throughout 
 his province, for the fafety of his royal 
 perfon, and a bleffing on his arms. In 
 December he held a convocation at 
 London, in which the clergy, at his in- 
 ftance, granted the king a further fum of 
 two tenths. At this fynod the interefls 
 of the univerfity of Oxford became a 
 principal topic of debate. Robert Gil- 
 bert, warden of Merton College, in an 
 elegant and mafterly fpeech expatiated 
 upon the deplorable condition that feat 
 E 3 of
 
 [ 54 I 
 
 SECT, of learning was reduced to : where thofe 
 
 IV. 
 T_- r -o_j candidates for preferment, who had qua- 
 
 ' lified themfelves by a long courfe of ftu- 
 dy, were too frequently fuffered to lan- 
 guifh in neglect and obfcurity within 
 the narrow verge of their college walls; 
 while adventurers of lefs experience in 
 the fields of fcience obtained rewards 
 due only to the perfevering virtue of ve- 
 terans. To remove a grievance that 
 appeared to be equally the lot of the 
 fitter univerfity, Chichele publifhed a 
 conftitution, decreeing, that in the fu- 
 ture difpofal of ecclefiaftical benefices 
 regard mould be had to the academical 
 rank of the candidate j and the value of 
 the living conferred be in proportion to 
 the proficiency of the prefentee. The 
 falutary effects of this decree were de- 
 feated, for theprefent, by the jealous ob- 
 flinacy of the lower order of graduates ; 
 
 who
 
 [ 55 ] 
 
 who, when the queftion came to be SECT. 
 formally agitated before the univerii- ^__ _ T - ^ 
 ties, were by their fuperior numbers 
 enabled to reject it; willing to lofe every 
 beneficial effect of this constitution, ra- 
 ther than be inftrumental to the advance- 
 ment of any members of their own body 
 jn preference to themfelves. 
 
 IN the fame affembly Chichele announ- 
 ced the election of the cardinal Colonna to 
 the government of the catholic church. 
 The fchifm which had long impaired 
 the authority of the papal fee was now 
 finally terminated ; and Martin V. (for 
 that was the title afTumed by the new 
 pontiff) was not of a temper to neglect 
 any advantages which the plenary domi- 
 nion revived in his perfon offered to his 
 ambition. He in two years filled 13 
 bimoprics in the province of Canter- 
 bury by provifion. 
 
 E 4 BEFORE
 
 [ 56 ] 
 
 SECT. 
 
 w _ y _^ BEFORE the archbimop difmifled the 
 1 + 1 7' fynod he gave a mandate to the dean 
 and chapter of St. Paul's to denounce, 
 in the moil public manner, a folemn ana- 
 thema againft certain perfons unknown, 
 who had murdered three priefts within 
 the fan&uary of that cathedral. And 
 that no formality might be wanting to 
 give it weight, the bells were to be toll- 
 ed, and the burning tapers ufed in the 
 ceremony caft on the ground and tram- 
 pled under foot, at the delivery of the 
 awful fentence (a). A tranfaction of a 
 lefs favage complexion, but attended 
 
 with 
 
 (a] An eye-witnefs of the fat mentions a fimilar 
 form of excommunication obferved at the reconcilia- 
 tion of the emperor Frederick I. and pope Alexan- 
 der III. in the church of St. Mark at Venice. The 
 pope ordered lighted tapers to be given to the em- 
 peror, the clergy, and the laity prefent, and then 
 pronounced this anathema , " In the name of God, 
 |he bleffed Virgin, the holy apoitles Peter and Paul, 
 
 and
 
 [ 57 1 
 
 with very aggravating circumftances, had SECT. 
 called for Chichele's animadverfion in 
 the preceding fpring. Lord Strange 
 having, at the inftigation of his wife, 
 entered into a difpute with Sir John 
 TrufTel, had wreaked his refentment by 
 an open attack on him in St. Dunftan's 
 church during the performance of divine 
 fervice ; and a citizen, named Petwardin, 
 had in the affray fallen a facrifice to his 
 friendly interpofition. The archbifhop, 
 upon a full invefligation of the matter, 
 fentenced Lord Strange to walk through 
 the public ftreets, from St. Paul's cathe- 
 
 and all the faints, we cut off from the bofom of the 
 church all who (hall dare to infringe this peace, 
 and, as thefe tapers are extinguifhed, fo may their 
 fouls he deprived of the light of eternal vifion." Then 
 the tapers being caft on the floor and trampled under 
 foot, the emperor cried out " Amen." 
 
 Romualdo of Salerno. Sec 
 Muratori's Colled*, of Ita- 
 lian Writers, torn. viL 
 p. 239, 240. 
 
 dral
 
 [ 58 ] 
 
 SECT, dral to St. Dunftan's church, bearing in 
 
 IV. 
 ,_- y -^ his hand a wax taper of a pound weigh t; 
 
 4 * 7 ' and, as a further mark of his contrition, 
 to offer in the facred edifice he had pol- 
 luted a pyx of filver gilt. His lady, in 
 addition to the humiliating talk of ac- 
 companying her lord in the fame peni- 
 tential manner, was at the purification 
 of the church compelled to fill with her 
 own hands the water veflels employed on 
 the occafion, and to prefent at the altar 
 an ornament worth ten pounds. So 
 mortifying an atonement made by per- 
 fons of exalted rank is no trifling evi- 
 dence of the force of eccleiiaftical cen- 
 fures at this asra (b). 
 
 SINCE his arrival in France Henry 
 had made rapid advances towards the 
 
 (b) Hollingfhed, vol. ii. p. 562 ; and Wilkin's 
 Concilia, vol. iii. p. 385. 
 
 2 reduction
 
 [ 59 ] 
 
 redu&ion of Normandy. In September SECT. 
 his army was occupied in the fiege of L T - 
 Rouen -, where, after a regular vilitation 
 of the diocefe of Rochefter, and the ap- 
 pointment of a vicar general during his 
 ab fence, Chichele joined the Englifh 
 camp. 
 
 WHEN the calamities of war are miti- 
 gated by the generous fpirit of chivalry, 
 the detail of martial fcenes becomes lefs 
 grating to the humane ear. In their 
 march to Pont de 1'Arche, a fmall but 
 advantageous poft in Normandy, a de- 
 tachment of Englim had orders to pafs 
 a part of the Seine. " To-morrow," 
 fays Cornwall, their gallant leader, to the 
 captain of a petty fortrefs on the oppo- 
 fite bank, " to-morrow I pafs the river, 
 '* and you mall pay my paffage with the 
 " befl charger in your ilables: if I hold 
 
 " not
 
 [ 60 ] 
 
 SECT. " not my word, my cap of fteel mall 
 t^-^u 1 " anfwer the forfeit, but it mall coft 
 " you five hundred French nobles." 
 The challenge was accepted, and Corn- 
 wall gained the pafs the next morning. 
 
 A TREATY at this time in agita- 
 tion made Chichele's prefence the more 
 necefTary in France. The propofals 
 however of a young monarch flufhed 
 with conquefl were not of a nature to 
 fucceed, even under the direction of the 
 ableft negotiator. Cardinal Urfmi, who 
 adted as mediator between the two courts, 
 endeavoured to foften Henry in his de- 
 mands, by mewing him the portrait of 
 the French princefs, Catherine (c). His 
 heart was not infenfible to the attrac- 
 tions of beauty, but he had ambition 
 
 (c) Monftrelet, chap. 193. 
 
 above
 
 t 61 ] 
 
 above the control of any rival pafiion. SECT. 
 
 IV. 
 At a fubfequent conference near Meu- c^, 
 
 Ian the queen, at her firft vifit, brought 
 the princefs with her. This interview 
 confirmed the favourable impreffion 
 Henry had received from the fight of 
 her portrait, without inducing him to 
 abate a fingle article of his pretenfions 
 on the crown of France. Finding the 
 conceffions on the part of that crown 
 by no means anfwerable to his expecta- 
 tions, he faid angrily to the duke of 
 Burgundy, " Fair coufin, be it known 
 " to you, that I am determined to have 
 " your fovereign's daughter, and all that 
 " I have demanded with her, or to 
 " drive both him and you out of his do- 
 " minions (d)" 
 
 (d) Monftrelet, chap. 200. 207. 
 
 THE
 
 [ 6 2 ] 
 
 SECT. THE liege of Rouen was frill profe* 
 
 IV. 
 T_ - T -,J cuted with unremitting efforts, and the 
 
 defence as vigoroufly maintained. Being 
 reduced to extremity, the befieged fent to 
 their king and the duke of Burgundy 
 for fuccours ; and remonftrated on the 
 fcandalous neglect they had experienced 
 with a freedom and fharpnefs highly cha- 
 racteriftic of their determined courage* 
 *' If," faid they, " we are driven to the 
 " harm neceflity of furrendering to the 
 " arms of England, the feeble govern^ 
 " ment that is unable to afford us pro- 
 " teclion mail find in us the fierceft and 
 *' moft implacable enemies (e)" Their 
 remonftrance was ineffectual : all the ca- 
 lamities of famine and war were fuftain- 
 ed with the moil invincible fortitude; 
 nor did the garrifon make any overtures 
 of capitulation, till above fifty thoufand 
 (f) Monftrelet, chap. 200. 
 
 of
 
 of the inhabitants had perifhed by him- SECT. 
 
 IV. 
 ger and difeafe. A herald at length en- >_ - yr -.^ 
 
 tered the Englifh camp, and demanded 
 a fafe conduct for fix perfons, two of 
 the church, two gentlemen, and two of 
 inferior rank. Henry, irritated by their 
 obftinate valour, would at firfl liften to 
 nothing fliort of unconditional fubmif- 
 fion. In the eyes of men who had al- 
 ready made fo noble a ftand in defence of 
 their liberties, any event appeared pre- 
 ferable to the abjedt terms of fur render- 
 ing at difcretion ; and they formed the 
 defperate refolution of fetting fire to the 
 town, and forcing their way in the con- 
 fuiion through the Englifh lines (f). 
 This wild enterprize was prevented by 
 the more liberal proceedings of a fecond 
 conference, wherein Chichele, and the 
 
 (f) Monftrelet, cfrap. 202. 
 
 commiffioner*
 
 commiffioners joined with him for that 
 purpofe, having opened a negotiation 
 with the fix deputies from Rouen, it 
 was finally agreed (g) that the citizens 
 mould pay 365,000 crowns of gold, and 
 fwear allegiance to the Englifh fove- 
 reign : and that the garrifon mould take 
 an oath not to appear in arms againfl 
 him for the fpace of one year. Thefe 
 preliminaries being adjufted, the royal 
 army entered the city in triumph Janu- 
 1419. bry-i 
 
 RELIEVED from the long miferies of 
 a defolating fiege, even the conquered 
 muft have partaken in the exultation of 
 the victors. Their joy was reprefTed for 
 a fhort interval by the intrufion of one 
 fanguinary acl: : from the general pardon 
 
 (g) Monftrelet, chap. 202. (b) Ibid. 
 
 Henry's
 
 Henry's indignation referved a iingle SECT. 
 victim. Alain Blanchard, whofe patrio- v_-. 
 tic virtue had protracted the glorious re- 
 fiftance of his fellow citizens, clofed a 
 life, deferving of a far different fate, under 
 the hands of the executioner (i). 
 
 CHICHELE' continued in France till 
 the latter end of the fummer (k) : the 
 care of his province then called him 
 home. On his arrival he ifTued letters 
 mandatory to his fuffragans, to order pub- 
 lic prayers throughout their feveral dio- 
 cefes for the king's fafety. He foon 
 after fummoned a convocation, in which, 
 on his reprefentation of the necemty of 
 frefh fupplies, the clergy granted half a 
 tenth ; with the addition of fix fhillings 
 and eight pence to be aflefTed upon every 
 
 (i) Monftrelet, 202. 
 
 (k) Aft. Pub. torn. iv. part ad. p. 124. 
 
 F perfon
 
 [ 66 ] 
 
 perfon pofleffed of a chapel or chauntry, 
 or who enjoyed a regular ilipend for the 
 fervice of a church j under a formal 
 proteft, that this addition mould not be 
 drawn into a precedent. The other bu- 
 finefs of the meeting was the cenfure of 
 a prieft accufed of witchcraft, and the re- 
 prehenfion of ibme difciples of Wick- 
 liffe (I), who on their recantation were 
 1420. difmifled with impunity. In the May 
 following he devolved the government 
 of his diocefe on his vicar general, and 
 repaired to Troyes, to congratulate his 
 fovereign in perfon on the conclufion of 
 a peace with France, and a marriage with 
 
 (I) The difciples of Wickliffe were generally dif- 
 tinguifhed by the appellation of Lollards, a name 
 borrowed from a fet in the low countries, and derived 
 to them from the cuftom of fmging a requiem to the 
 fouls of the deceafed ; the German word Idler fignify- 
 ing to lull orfooth. 
 
 Mofheim Ecckf. Hift. vol. i. p, 744. 
 
 Catharine ;
 
 [ 67 ] 
 
 Catharine fmj; two events that were hap- SECT. 
 pily accomplished at this time, and which 
 gave Henry the title of Regent of France 
 with the authority of king. From 
 Troyes Chichele attended Henry to the 
 lieges of Montereau and Melun. The 
 latter of thefe places was defended by 
 the Dauphin's party for more than four 
 months, and every poft difputed with 
 the moft unrelaxing obftinacy. The 
 prefence of the king and queen of France 
 gave the camp, amidft all the hurry and 
 confufion incident to fuch a fcene, more 
 fplendor and feftivity than any other in 
 Henry's wars. They held their court 
 in a pavilion removed beyond the reach 
 
 (m) The marriage was performed by the archbi- 
 fhop of Sens, whom Henry, after the capture of that 
 city, reinftated in his fee with thefe words, " Vous 
 <c m'avez epoufe et bailie une femme, je vons rends 
 'Via votre." Villaret, torn. vii. p. 272* 
 
 F 2 Of
 
 [ 68 ] 
 
 of the enemy's cannon ; the day was 
 
 ufhered in and concluded with the 
 1420. 
 
 cheerful harmony of ten horns from the 
 
 Englifh band, and the charms of mufic 
 were heightened by the luftre of fome 
 of the brighteft beauties in the king- 
 dom (n). Catharine, the new-married 
 queen, attended by the duchefs of Cla- 
 rence and a train of Englim ladies, re- 
 lided at Corbueil, not far diftant from 
 Melun. Hither the king often retired, 
 to forget the horrors of war in the fo- 
 ciety of a young and beautiful bride (o). 
 During the whole courfe of this cam- 
 paign Chichele was prefent, and contri- 
 buted as ufual to temper the ferocity 
 of military manners, and the licentiouf- 
 nefs of a camp, by the mild fuggeftions 
 
 (n) Monftrelet, chap. 228. torn. i. 
 (o) Ibid. 
 
 of
 
 [ 69 ] 
 
 of humanity, and the influence of reli- SBCT. 
 gious example. v - v ~. 
 
 FROM Melun he attended the court 
 to Paris, and revifited England in No- 
 vember. The king and queen arrived 
 there early in the next year, and were 
 received by their fubjects with every 
 atteftation of joy and loyalty. Prayers 
 were offered up by Chichele's injunction 
 four days fucceffively, and the fatisfac- 
 tion of the people was confummated in 
 the coronation of their royal miftrefs ; a 
 ceremony that was performed by the 
 hands of the archbifhop. 
 
 WHILE the populace exprefTed their 
 exultation in fhouts and public (hews, 
 the parliament gave a more fubftantial 
 proof of their affection, in a liberal grant 
 for the maintenance pf the war againft 
 F 3 the
 
 [ 7 o J 
 
 SECT, the dauphin's party. The clergy wer 
 \j^^-^j at the fame time convened by Chichele, 
 and granted the crown a tenth ; on con- 
 dition that the poffefiions of the church 
 mould continue to be exempted from the 
 burthen of purveyance, and that eccle- 
 fiaftics mould be permitted to give bail 
 in all crimes, except open theft and 
 murder. .Another provision (p) made 
 in this fynod feems to betray a con- 
 fcioufnefs in the facred body of frailties 
 which the reflraints of the facerdotal 
 character were perhaps more calculated 
 to aggravate than control ; unlefs we 
 fuppofe them to have guarded againft an 
 injury they were never likely to provoke. 
 
 THE fees of inftitution and induction 
 .were by a new regulation now mode- 
 
 (p) Ut ii qui facerdotes caftrarent felonise crimi- 
 ne tenerentur. A. Duck. 
 
 rated,
 
 [ 7' ] 
 
 rated, and bifhops and archdeacons for- SECT. 
 bidden to take more for their refpective u~v 
 trouble than twelve (hillings. It was 
 decreed likewife, that ordination mould 
 in future be conferred without any gra- 
 tuity or reward. 
 
 THE Pope's collector met with little 
 attention from this fynod in an ap- 
 plication he made for a grant to his 
 holinefs ; it appearing to the whole 
 aiTcmbly, that the yearly tenths, and 
 other regular payments to the court of 
 Rome, were as much as the neceflities of 
 the kingdom would allow. 
 
 CHICHELE' having diflblved the aflem- 
 bly turned his thoughts to the preferva- 
 tion of his jurifdiction in France; and, 
 to the intent that he might reconcile the 
 two churches, he recalled the judges 
 F 4 whom
 
 [ 72 ] 
 
 SECT, whom he had fet over the diocefes fub- 
 
 IV. 
 ^_ r - _i ject to England, and left the care of them 
 
 to their bimops, and the ordinary magif- 
 trates of the feveral diftricts in which 
 they were fituated. 
 
 THE news of Clarence's death, who, 
 had fallen in a ikirmim with the dau- 
 phin's troops near Bauge in the pro- 
 vince of Anjou, threw an univerfal damp 
 upon the public joy. He was a great 
 and deferved favourite of the nation, an 4 
 to the moft romantic valour added a re- 
 finement of mariners, not common in. 
 the politeft courts of Europe (q). The 
 influence of fo amiable a character was 
 not confined to the narrow circle of 
 friends, he is faid to have died lamented 
 even by the enemy (r). This unfortu- 
 
 (y) (r) Montfaucon. Monum. de la Monarch. 
 Franc, p. 177. 
 
 nate.
 
 [ 73 ] 
 
 nate event haftened the king's journey SECT. 
 into France (s)- t and during his abfence -L_ /^ 
 the queen was delivered at Windfor of a 
 prince, who fucceeded his father by the 
 title of Henry VI. He was baptized by 
 Chichele early in December, and, when 
 he afterwards came to the throne, re- 
 ceived the crown from the hands of the 
 fame prelate. 
 
 (s) In this laft vifit of Henry to the French domi- 
 nions he difplayed a very engaging inftance of gene- 
 rofity. Sir Oliver Manny, an old knight who had 
 broken his parole, was taken prifoner and fent to the 
 king then at Meaux. The law of arms punifhed this 
 breach of honour with death ; royal clemency was 
 Satisfied with a milder penalty. " Fair father," faid 
 Henry, " you have fworn unto us never to bear arms 
 " againft us or our fubjects, you are an ancient 
 *' knight, and fhould have kept your faith, which ye 
 " have untruly and unhoneftly violated ; yet, though 
 " by the law of arms we might, we will not put you 
 " to death ; we will fend you to England to learn tht 
 " language a/that country." 
 
 Hollingmed, vol. ii. p. 581. 
 
 JN
 
 r 74 ] 
 
 IN the Auguft of 1422 the archbU 
 iliop convoked a general meeting of the 
 clergy, to make choice of proper deputies 
 to attend the council of Conftance, 
 which, in purfuance of a plan for renew- 
 ing it every fifth year, was to be con- 
 vened this autumn at Pavia. This 
 fcheme was however fruflrated ; the 
 council being firft removed to Sienna on 
 account of the plague, and there diffolv- 
 cd by the pope. One White was in the 
 fame fynod cenfured for having preached 
 without a licence, and Henry Webb fen- 
 tenced to be thrice publicly whipped 
 for performing the facred office before he 
 was in holy orders. A delinquent of a 
 more heinous fort was William Taylor : 
 he had maintained that God alone was 
 to be worfhipped, and that all devotion 
 to faints or images was idolatry. Chi- 
 
 chele
 
 [ 75 1 
 
 chelie referred the confideration of his 
 offence to the four orders of mendicant 
 fryars, who, having found that his opi- 
 nions were not conformable either to 
 the icriptures or the doctrines of the 
 'fathers, pronounced him guilty of he- 
 refy. Lyndewode, dean of the court of 
 arches, the official of Canterbury, and 
 other profefibrs of the civil and canon 
 laws, declared, that by thofe laws he 
 was on conviction to be delivered over to 
 the fecular arm. 
 
 THIS fynod was fcarcely brought to a 
 conclufion, when intelligence of the 
 king's death fpread a general confterna- 
 tion throughout the kingdom. He died 
 at Bois de Vincennes, Monday the lafl 
 day of Auguft. His remains were with 
 great funeral pomp tranfported to Eng- 
 land, and depofited with thofe of his an- 
 
 ceflors.
 
 [ 76 ] 
 
 ceflors. His queen attended the melan- 
 choly proceffion at a fmall diftance (t)> 
 and in this affectionate and forrowful ad: 
 of conjugal duty took a laft farewell of 
 her native country and earlieft connec- 
 tions. 
 
 FROM Henry Vth's death we may 
 date the decline of England's fhort-lived 
 power in France. The {lately fabric 
 erected by his active prowefs gradually 
 mouldered away under the feeble and 
 unfettled admin iftratkm of his unfortu- 
 nate heir. 
 
 To every lover of his country the 
 condition of the French dominions mufl 
 have appeared truly deplorable. The in- 
 ceffant ravages of feven years of war had 
 reduced a great part of that realm to the 
 
 (t) Stowe, p. 363. 
 
 moft
 
 I 77 1 
 
 moft ruinous ftate : exclufive of fome SECT. 
 
 villages, which were rather military ports < / - 
 
 1422. 
 than the peaceful habitations of peafants, 
 
 from the banks of the Loire to the fea 
 coaft all was defert. Agriculture, the 
 mofl neceffary of human inventions, 
 fuffered in the common wreck of every 
 ufeful art : the few labourers who re- 
 mained t9 till the foil retired from -fields 
 infefled by nightly marauders at the 
 found of the evening bell, a warning that 
 even the cattle inftinclively obeyed (u) . 
 To add to the horror, the wolves were 
 fo multiplied that officers were appoint- 
 ed exprefsly for the deftrudion of them ; 
 and they were entitled to levy a contri- 
 bution on every family within . two 
 leagues of the fpot on which a wolf was 
 
 (u) Meyer, quoted by Gollut in his Memoirs of 
 the Houfe of Burgundy, pag. 717. 
 
 killed
 
 SECT, killed (x) j an extent that implies a great 
 
 . ^ T -^ want of population* 
 1422. 
 
 ANY attempt to draw the charade? 
 of a prince fo well known as Henry V. 
 might in this place be confidered as im- 
 pertinent. One of the leading features 
 in it feems to have been inflexible firm* 
 nefsj of which Hollingfhed may be 
 thought, perhaps, to have given a whim- 
 iical example, when he tells us, " that 
 " he was never feen to turn his nofe 
 " from an evil favour, nor clofe his eye* 
 " from fmoke or duft." 
 
 (x) A61. Pub. torn. iv. part 3d. p. 158. 
 
 SECTION
 
 I 79 3 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 BY the late king's appointment the SECT* 
 goverment of England devolved up- _ - T _ 
 on Humphry duke of Glocefter/^, who 
 fummoned without delay a meeting of 
 Parliament at Weftminfter. Chichele 
 opened to the aflembly the reafons of 
 their being called together j and, after 
 paying a grateful tribute of praife to the 
 memory of his deceafed fovereign, rifked 
 fome fanguine prefages of the profperous 
 reign of his infant heir : intimating, in 
 the quaint and pedantic eloquence of 
 
 (a) His falary as prote&or was fixed by parlia- 
 ment, in 1423, at eight thoufand marks a year. 
 
 A&. Pub. torn, iv. part ^th, p. 86. 
 3 that
 
 [ 8 ] 
 
 that aera, t( that whereby God had madd 
 
 " all things in fix days, fo he would 
 1422. 
 
 " accomplish all the good beginnings of 
 " the famous fifth Henry in the fixth 
 *' Henry his fon (b) " a declaration 
 that certainly was not dictated by the' 
 fpirit of prophecy. On the difTolution 
 of this parliament Chichele retired to 
 his diocefe, and, difengaged from politi- 
 cal occupations, dedicated his whole time 
 
 j 2 - to the duties of his province. In 1423 
 he made a progrefs through the diocefes 
 of Chichefter and Salilbury. The fee 
 of Lincoln was referved for the follow-* 
 
 1424. ing year. A diligent inquiry into the 
 morals and religion of the inhabitants, 
 and a careful reform of feveral abufes 
 that through indolence or inattention 
 had eluded the notice of his predecefTors, 
 
 (I) Cotton's Abridgment, pag. 560. 
 
 marked
 
 t i ] 
 
 marked the courfe of the archbimop's S fe c t; 
 
 paftoral journies. The lively imprefiion t * j 
 
 1424. 
 
 of early pleafures is hardly ever oblite- 
 rated by the bufieft fcenes of a maturer 
 age. The opportunity offered to Chi- 
 chele, in this laft vifitation, of again be- 
 holding a fpot familiar to him in his 
 youth, was not neglected, and the fight 
 of Higham-ferrers revived within him 
 all his former partialities. His munifi- 
 cence there will find a place more pro- 
 perly in the fequel of thefe meets. 
 
 FROM this furvey his attention was 
 Within a fhort time called to another fy- 
 nod, in which the biihops of Winchefter 
 and Bath exerted all their powers of elo- 
 cution to obtain a grant for the fervice 
 of the war. But, whether the refources 
 of the clergy were exhaufted by the li- 
 beral fupplies already granted, or all cori- 
 G fidence
 
 fidence of victory was buried in the grave 
 with Henry the Vth. this unpromifing 
 point was laboured in vain. William 
 Lyndewode, who was deputed by the 
 fynod to deliver their fentiments, argued, 
 that the pofTemons had been fo much im- 
 poveriihed by repeated exactions, that 
 the refidue was inadequate to the decent 
 fupport of the members in general, while 
 the fmaller benefices were fo reduced by 
 continual drains as to be fcarce worth 
 acceptance (cj. The fynod was pro- 
 1426. rogued to February in the enfuing year, 
 when Chichele and the bimop of Win- 
 chefler urged the old topic of a fubfidy 
 
 (c ) In the current- year Chichele was relieved by 
 ordeY of council from the charge of Robert Girefme,. 
 a French prifoner committed to his cuftody by the 
 late king. This practice of intruding prifoners of 
 note to private cuftody was not uncommon. 
 
 Aft. Pub. torn. iv. part 4. pag. 105. 
 
 with
 
 [ 83 ] 
 
 frith great warmth : but, as the interefb s 
 of the ecclefiaftical body at large could < 
 be preferved only by a ftricl: correfpond- 
 ence between the conflituerit parts, the 
 upper houfe of convocation would en- 
 gage in no meafures which were not ap- 
 proved by the delegates of the lower 
 order, and thefe remained inexorable. 
 
 CHICHELE', defpairing from the tern* 
 per of this aflembly of any fuccefs, ap- 
 pointed a frefh fynod to be convened in 
 May $ yet fo inconfiderable was the 
 change of fentiments wrought by this 
 expedient, that neither entreaties nor 
 menaces could prevail on the repre- 
 fentatives of the clergy to contribute 
 more to the affiftance of government than 
 half a tenth. The fame co-operation 
 could not fail of accompanying the pro- 
 ceedings of the fynod, when they were 
 G .2 directed
 
 [ 84 ] 
 
 directed folely to the maintenance of re- 
 ligion and the cenfure of herefy. Two 
 fecular priefts, Hoke and Drayton, were 
 convicted of holding heretical opinions -, 
 but, as in cafes of this nature the readiefl 
 path to pardon was abjuration, the cri- 
 minals were abfolved on formally re- 
 nouncing their errors at St. Paul's crofs. 
 William Ruflel, a friar minorite, to the 
 crime of deviating from the eftablimed 
 do&rines of the church added an attack 
 upon its privileges j he had not only 
 taught publicly, that a free intercourfe of 
 the fexes was not incompatible with the 
 purity of a monaftic life, but had afTerted 
 from the pulpit that tithes were not of 
 divine inftitution. He efcaped imme- 
 diate punimment by abfconding. Mean- 
 time this deviation from eftablimed te- 
 nets drew upon him the indignation of the 
 two univerfitiesof Oxford and Cambridge; 
 
 and
 
 [ 85 1 
 
 and the former pafTed a decree, prohibit- SECT. 
 ing the prefentation of any perfon to an 
 academical degree, who had not folemnly 
 declared his abhorrence of RufTel's opi- 
 nions (d). To obviate any dangerous 
 impreffion upon the minds of the illite- 
 rate from thefe novel doctrines, Chichele 
 commanded the Francifcans, an order 
 of friars who enjoyed the greatefl popu- 
 larity as preachers, to inculcate the di- 
 vine right of the church to tithes in their 
 conftant difcourfes. The office of pro- 
 locutor or fpeaker of the lower houfe of 
 convocation was, for the firft time, regu- 
 larly fettled by this fynodj and, at the 
 archbifhop's recommendation, that of- 
 fice was given to William Lyndewode, 
 a man every way qualified for the dif- 
 charge of it. In the fame year Lynde- 
 
 (4) A. Wood. Hift. Univ. Oxon. L. i. p. 210. 
 
 G 3
 
 [ 86 ] 
 
 wode was deputed by Chichele to vifit 
 the colleges in Oxford fubjedl to his ju- 
 2426. rifdiction, an undertaking in which he 
 was affifted by Thomas Bronns. They be- 
 gan their viiitation with Merton college, 
 and, having made feveral ordinances for 
 the government of that fociety, extended 
 their furvey to the whole univerfity ex- 
 cept queen's and new college fej. 
 
 WHILST the clergy had been unwill- 
 ingly granting their quota in convoca- 
 tion, the king, then under three years of 
 age, took his feat in the great afiembly 
 of the nation. The royal child had been 
 brought by eafy journies from Windfor. 
 The firfl night he retted at Stanes - 3 on 
 the fecond he reached Kingfton ; the 
 third he patted at his manor of Kenning- 
 
 (t) A, Wood. L, i. p. 217.
 
 ton > and on the fourth entered Weft- SECT. 
 
 minfter fitting in the queen's lap ; who u. y 
 
 1426. 
 
 from an open carnage held out their in- 
 fant fovereign to the eager gaze of his 
 loyal 
 
 AN unhappy difference between the 
 protector and the bifhop of Winchester 
 called aloud at this feafon for the friendly 
 interpofi tion of fome powerful mediator. 
 The diflenfion of thefe noble adverfaries 
 had attained to fuch a height, that the ge- 
 neral peace and welfare of the metropolis 
 was in the moft imminent danger. The 
 ihops were fhut, all traffick obftrucled, and 
 the citizens occupied in keeping watch 
 and ward, to prevent the mifchiefs which 
 the hoftile appearance of the partizans 
 in this alarming quarrel hourly threat- 
 
 (f) Fabian's Chron. fol, 410. 
 
 G 4 ned.
 
 t 88 ] 
 
 ned. Neither the benevolence of his 
 heart, nor the dignity of his ftation, 
 would fuffer Chjchele to remain an in^ 
 different fpedtator of an occurrence preg^- 
 nant with fuch difaftrous confequences. 
 With the duke of Coimbra prince of 
 Portugal, then on a vifit to the Englifli 
 court, he rode eight times in one day 
 between the two competitors, to bring 
 their difpute to an accommodation. This 
 timely interference reftrained the vio- 
 lence of their animolity, but did not 
 extinguifh their fecret refentments. In 
 a letter to the duke of Bedford the bi- 
 fliop of Wincheiler exprefTed himfelf in 
 terms that by no means inipHed a fincere 
 reconciliation. " Hafte you hither" (fays 
 the biihop) " for by my truth, if you 
 *'* tarry, wefhall put this land in adverir 
 '* ture with a field, fuch a brother have 
 
 .- you
 
 [ 89 ] 
 
 " you hereby/." Bedford thought it SECT, 
 too urgent a bufinefs to admit of any de- v * - 
 lay, and haftening over fummoned a 
 parliament at Leicefter. Articles were 
 here exhibited by Glocefter againft the 
 bifhop, and referred to the arbitration of 
 Chichele and a committee of temporal 
 and fpiritual peers ; who, upon a candid 
 and deliberate difcuffion of them, judged 
 that the duke and bifhop mould, after 
 reciprocal concern" on s in a form of words 
 prefcribed to them for that purpofe, take 
 each other by the hand, and exchange 
 forgivenefs in prefence of the king and 
 parliament (h)* We need not look for 
 the origin of this difagreement in any 
 particular infult ; perfonal provocations, 
 however trivial, foon inflame a mifunder- 
 landing occaiioned by rivalfhip. The 
 
 (g) Hollingflied, vol. ii. p. 591. 
 (h) Ibid. p. 595. 
 
 haughty
 
 [ 9 ] 
 
 haughty prelate of Winchefter could ill 
 brook the fuperior power of a youthful 
 protector; and Glocefler was not inclin- 
 ed by any fhew of deference to gratify 
 the pride or conciliate the friendship of 
 an overbearing churchman. The effects 
 of an imprudent attachment had re- 
 cently given too folid a plea for com- 
 plaints againft the protector, who had 
 weakened the few forces left for the de- 
 fence of the kingdom by a confiderable 
 levy of men for the profecution of his 
 wife's claims in the Netherlands -, and 
 eftranged from the intereft of the Englifh 
 government the duke of Burgundy, its 
 moft powerful ally. But while we con- 
 demn the Protestor for a marriage highly 
 unjuftifiable in a political light, we 
 iliould temper the feverity of our cen- 
 fures by a recollection of the temptations 
 that folicited Glocefter to this connection. 
 I Jaqueline
 
 [ 91 ] 
 
 Jaqueline of Hainault, the object of his SEC T. 
 paffion, poflefled attractions fufficient to ^.. v - 
 have inflamed a bofom lefs fufceptible 
 pf love and ambition than that of this 
 prince. The only daughter and heirefs 
 of William duke of Bavaria, fhe was born 
 to the rich reverfion of the provinces of 
 Hainault, Holland, and Zealand. With 
 her perfon a joint intereft in all thefe 
 hereditary poiTeffions was firft conferred 
 Upon a fon of France. His death foon 
 left her at liberty to beftow them elfe- 
 where. Contiguous dominions and the 
 requeft of a dying parent, rather than any 
 perfonal affection, induced her to make 
 choice of the duke of Brabant for her 
 fecond hufband. Difference of age and 
 fentiments, and a wide difproportion in 
 their abilities, combined to produce a 
 coolnefs which fhortly terminated in fe- 
 paration. He was of tender years, of a 
 
 fickly
 
 SECT, flckly conftitution, and a flow and dull 
 * v^ intellect -, indolent and unimpaffioned in 
 private life, and blindly abandoned to the 
 guidance of a worthlefs fet of favourites 
 in his public capacity. Jaqueline was 
 in every refpect the reverfe : in the 
 bloom of health and full vigour of age, 
 me poflfefTed an underftanding fuperior 
 to that of any contemporary of her fex. 
 Her perfonal charms did not difparage 
 the endowments of her mind ; a beauti- 
 ful and expreffive countenance, an ele- 
 gant mape and winning manners, gave a 
 commanding influence to the diclates of 
 a high fpirit and flrong paflions fij. 
 Having under pretext of their nearnefs 
 in blood quitted the fociety of her huf- 
 band, (he fled into England, and was 
 received in a manner fuitable to her rank 
 
 (1) Henaeus Annal. of Brabant, pag. 399, 400^ 
 401, 402. 
 
 and
 
 [ 93 ] 
 
 and the dignity of that crown. She was s t c T. 
 
 y 
 
 married in the courfe of a few months to ^_ * f 
 the duke of Glocefter, and in 1423 ac- 
 companied him into Hainault* On his 
 return me was left at Mons to the pro- 
 tedtion of the inhabitants, who had 
 fworn to defend the perfon of their mif- 
 trefs at all hazards. Their allegiance 
 was not proof againft the menaces of the 
 duke of Burgundy, to whom the garri- 
 fon foon furrendered her, having received 
 no reinforcement from England. She 
 had fent repeated intelligence of her ca- 
 lamitous fituation to Glocefter, and omit- 
 ted in her letters no confideration that 
 could urge him to come to her relief: 
 me calls upon him, by the tender and 
 endearing addrefs of lord and father, to 
 fuccour the diftrefs of a forrowful and 
 beloved child, whofe only confolation is 
 that me fuffers on his account; me af- 
 6 , fures
 
 [ 94 J 
 
 fures him that to do his pleafure has 
 been, and ever mall be, her chief happi- 
 nefs, and that me is ready to meet death 
 for his fake (k). Language like this mud 
 have been either the refult of warm and 
 fincere affedlion, or of womanifli fears ; 
 her fubfequent condud: will fcarcely per- 
 mit us to adopt the latter fufpicion. After 
 a fhort confinement at Ghent me made 
 her efcape in man's clothes, and mount- 
 ing a horfe in this difguife did not alight 
 till me reached Antwerp. Here fhe re- 
 fumed the habit of her fex, and purfued 
 her journey to Holland. The duke of 
 Burgundy followed her with a formi- 
 dable power. Undaunted me appeared 
 at the head of her troops, led them in 
 perfon to the fiege of Haerlem, and un- 
 derwent all the fatigues of a fevere 
 
 (k) Monftrelet, vol. ii. fol. 24- 
 
 campaign,
 
 [ 95 ] 
 
 campaign, with a refolution that amply s E c 
 compenfated for the abfence of mafcu- < * 
 line ftrength and a more robuft frame. 
 Glocefter's deiertion of her, and the 
 death of the duke of Brabant, releafed 
 her at once from all engagements ; and 
 me furvived about ten years, in peace and 
 fecurity, a treaty, by which (he inftitu- 
 ted her coufin the duke of Burgundy 
 heir to all her poiTeffions (I). 
 
 To return to a fubject from which 
 I have been drawn into an unwar- 
 rantable digreffion *. Chichele quitted 
 
 the 
 
 (I) Harseus Ann. Brab. as above. 
 
 * In apology for this digreflion I have nothing to 
 offer but the popularity of Jaqueline's chara&er, 
 whofe imprifonmcnt not only drew a bold remon- 
 ftrance from " a large body of females of good ac- 
 " count and well apparelled," fays Stowe, but was 
 taken up in a high ftrain by the commons, who peti- 
 tioned
 
 the parliament at Leicefter in May, and 
 repairing to London 1 aflembled a fynod 
 there. The fame parcimonious maxims 
 that regulated the proceedings of the laft 
 meeting flill prevailed, ahd the eccle- 
 fiaftics paid with relu&ance what they 
 had granted fparingly (m). 
 
 tloned for her relief; and, to give the greater weight 
 to their petition, tacked it to the grant of a fubfidy.- 
 Parl. Hift. vol. ii. p. 212, 213. 
 
 (m) It was in this year that Chichele received by 
 an a& of council a falary of 300 marks a year for his 
 attendance as one of that body. The bifhop of Win- 
 chefter had the fame appointment, and inferior mem- 
 bers, both fpiritual and temporal, ftipends propor- 
 tionate to their rank. A6t. Pub. torn. iv. part 4* 
 
 p. 122. 
 
 SECTION.
 
 t 97 
 
 M 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 
 ART IN the fifth, one of the ftur- SECT. 
 
 VI. 
 dieft pontiffs that ever filled the ,__ ' m 
 
 papal chair, had long regarded with a 
 jealous eye thofe falutary barriers againft 
 the encroachments of the court of 
 Rome, the ftatutes of provifors and pras- 
 munire. The reftrictions which thefe 
 adts laid him under grew every day more 
 irkfome to him, and he had particularly 
 exerted himfelf in the courfe of the lafl 
 year to obtain a repeal of them. His 
 remonftrances, however preffing, were in- 
 effectual j and, as he conceived his defigns 
 to have mifcarried from Chichele's dif- 
 affeftion to the caufe, his refentments 
 H were 

 
 t 98 ] 
 
 SECT. were m re immediately levelled at him. 
 
 ^^J^ The correfpondence which this variance 
 introduced between the pope and the 
 archbifhop throws no inconfiderable 
 light on the character of them both : and 
 though it was productive of much fevere 
 treatment of Chichele, the honourable 
 teftimony borne to his integrity and abi- 
 lities by the nation in general was a re- 
 compence equivalent to any mortification 
 he could fuffer in the progrefs of this 
 affair. From the imperfect records that 
 have reached us relative to this tranfac- 
 tion it appears, that Martin's intention of 
 fufpending the legatine power (aj y hi- 
 
 () This fufpenfion of the legatine power, for 
 which Martin had actually iflued a bull, I conjecture 
 to have been the hardfhlp which Chichele complains 
 of in the courfe of his controverfy, as never having 
 been attempted from the firft foundation of the fee. 
 Wilkins's Concil. torn. iii. pag. 474, 484. 
 
 therto
 
 t 99 1 
 
 therto annexed to the metropolitan fee, SECT. 
 
 VI. 
 had been intimated to Chichele fo early y^- y -^ 
 
 as the commencement of the prefent 
 year. Upon this information he on the 
 twenty-fecond of March made a formal 
 appeal to the firft general council that 
 mould be afTembled, from all decifions 
 which Martin or his fucceflbrs might 
 make prejudicial to his rights as primate. 
 On the twenty-feventh of the fame 
 month the archbifhop, then in his palace 
 at Canterbury, was prefented, by the 
 hands of John de Obizis, the pope's nun- 
 tio, with certain bulls, the contents of* 
 which he was yet a ftranger to, when the 
 lieutenant of Dover caftle brought him 
 orders to fend any packets he had re^- 
 ceived from Rome immediately to the 
 protector* This verbal injunction was 
 foon followed by a writ, commanding 
 him, on the reception of any future bulls 
 
 H 2 Of
 
 I I0 ] 
 
 SECT, or public letters from the pope, to tranf- 
 u-- y ; mit them unopened to the council. 
 
 THOUGH thefe meafures are a proof 
 that Chichele wanted neither fpirit to af- 
 fert the privileges of the Englifh church, 
 nor the fupport of his fovereign in the 
 maintenance of them, he neverthelefs 
 felt himfelf by no means eafy in his fi- 
 tuation.. Papal cenfures were ftill for- 
 midable, and the belief of the fundamen- 
 tal doctrines of the catholic religion was 
 fo clofely interwoven in vulgar minds 
 with a firm perfuafion of the fupreme 
 minifter's infallibility, that no prudent 
 friend to the former would have endea- 
 voured to degrade or weaken the autho- 
 rity of the latter. The archbifhop faw 
 the full force of this confideration, and, 
 unwilling to afford the flighteft fhadow 
 of encouragement to the unorthodox no- 
 tions
 
 [ ,01 ] 
 
 tions which had of late been promul- SECT. 
 
 VI. 
 gated by the lollard fe<5taries, inftead of ,__ v '. j 
 
 open refinance to the pontiff's will, tried 
 the gentler method of foothing intreaties 
 and humble reprefentation. In a letter 
 dated the tenth of March he had endea- 
 voured to blunt the edge of Martin's re- 
 fentment by the moft fubmiflive profef- 
 fions of duty. By the fame opportunity 
 he addrefled an epiftle to feveral cardi- 
 nals, to beg their interceffion. The pope 
 in anfwer to thefe applications informs 
 him, that an immediate compliance 
 with his requeft, to have the execrable 
 ftatutes in queftion repealed, would be 
 the moft convincing argument he could 
 employ to prove the fincerity of his 
 profeflions. He adds, that the archbi- 
 fhop had been reported to him to have 
 fpoken very irreverently of his zeal in 
 this holy caufe, as arifing from motives 
 of covetoufnefs and " a defire of enrich- 
 H 3 " ing
 
 " ing himfelf at the expence of the na- 
 " tion ;" and cautions him not to beftow 
 that reproach on others, which would 
 appear upon reflection more fuitable to 
 his own conduct. Chichele, in return, 
 complains of the mifreprefentations he 
 labours under at his holinefs's court 
 from the calumny of his enemies, and 
 the impoffibility, from age and infirmities, 
 of his exculpating himfelf in perfon ; he 
 alludes likewife to fome fteps that were 
 in contemplation againfl the rights of 
 the fee of Canterbury, never before at- 
 tempted, at leaft as he collects from 
 report : fince, as he was under a prohi- 
 bition from opening his holinefs's public 
 difpatches, he could not gain more cer- 
 tain knowledge of his intentions. 
 
 CHICHELE' was not thus expofed to the 
 perfecution of the apoilolic fee without 
 interefting the nation in his caufe t The 
 
 eccleiiaftics
 
 ecclefiaftics were the firft who flood SECT. 
 
 VI. 
 forth in his defence : a very dutiful let- i_ - r -_ 
 
 ter was addrefled to Martin, fubfcribed 
 by iixteen bifhops, in which they afTure 
 him that the archbiihop had been grofsly 
 flandered; that he was, contrary to the 
 iniinuations of his enemies, confidered 
 by the bulk of the nation as a faithful 
 and prudent fleward; while that part of 
 it which was more immediately connect- 
 ed with him by profemon, which had 
 more opportunities, and more interefted 
 motives jealoufly to watch his conduct, 
 had ever looked up to him as a father. 
 The univerfity of Oxford were not lefs 
 warm in their vidication of him. They 
 tell the pope, " that Chichele ftood in the 
 fanctuary of God as a firm wall that he- 
 refy could not make nor fimony under- 
 mine; that he was the darling of the 
 people, and the fofter-parent of the 
 H 4 clergy."
 
 SECT, clergy/' To thefe flattering teftimonies 
 i_^- y -^j was added that of feveral temporal lords, 
 who, after exculpating him on the gene- 
 ral heads of accufation, to obviate the. 
 pope's imputation of covetoufnefs, par- 
 ticularize his fmgular liberality in hav- 
 ing conftantly reftored the whole of the 
 fpiritualities which he might, during 
 the vacancy of the bifhoprics within 
 his province, juftly have -in part detained. 
 They further mention, that in cafes of 
 poverty he frequently affifled from his 
 own purfe fuch<as were appointed to be-* 
 nefices by papal provifion. Before thefe 
 addreffes arrived at the court of Rome, 
 Martin had received Chichele's excufes 
 by the hand of a faithful agent; whofe 
 reprefentations feem, by the fofter fpirit 
 of the pope's anfwer, to have allayed 
 in great meafure the afperity of his re-r 
 fentment. His refolution however was 
 
 immutably
 
 immutably fixed; and in purfuance of 
 it he in October wrote both to the king 
 and parliament, in a very dictatorial ftyle, 
 to procure the repeal of the ftatutes of 
 provifions and prasmunire in the next 
 feflion. Chichele received an admoni- 
 tion to the fame purport. But as no im- 
 mediate effect was produced by thefe 
 applications, Martin refumed his autho- 
 ritative tone both to the king and the 
 archbimop : " Read (fays he to the latter) 
 " read that royal ilatute, (if an act which 
 " fubverts the laws of God and the 
 * c church deferves fuch a title) and j udge, 
 " venerable brother, you who are a 
 " chriftian and catholic bimop, if the 
 '" difciples of chriftianity can confcien- 
 *' tioufly obferve it : a ilatute by which 
 f * the king difpofes of ecclefiaftical pre- 
 " ferments as abfolutely as if Chrift had 
 " ordained him his vicar, and affumes 
 
 " the
 
 " the fupremacy in fpiritual matters 
 " with as high a hand as if the keys of 
 " St. Peter had been delivered into his 
 " cuftody." He concludes this angry 
 epiftle with directions to Chichele, un- 
 der pain of excommunication, to ufe all 
 his influence with the parliament for the 
 abrogation of thefe deteftable ads : and 
 doubting the efficacy of arguments found- 
 ed upon fo mallow a bafis ? again ft the 
 good fenfe of the reprefentatives of the 
 people, he further commands him to 
 alarm the confciences of the lower ranks 
 on this nice queftion, by an injunction 
 to the inferior clergy to preach upon it. 
 At the fame time, to mow the archbi- 
 ihop how little confidence was repofed 
 in him, he is commanded to fend to 
 Rome a full account of his progrefs at- 
 tefted by at leaft two credible witneffes : 
 a flight of a fimilar nature to that pafled 
 6 on
 
 t 107 ] 
 
 on him in a letter addrelTed jointly to 
 the two archbifhops, wherein Martin 
 with a puerile fpleen gives the fee of 
 York the precedence. In confequence 
 of the laft thundering epiftle Chichele, 
 accompanied by the archbifhop of York, 
 and feveral of their fuffragans, attended 1428. 
 the commons in the refectory of the ab- 
 bey of Wefhninfter, their ufual place of 
 aflembling ; and having declared previ- 
 oufly, that he and his brethren did not 
 mean to offer any thing either in preju- 
 dice of the king's prerogative or the 
 common weal, he entered into a defcrip- 
 tion of the civil and ecclefiaftical jurif- 
 di&ion, pointed out the barrier between 
 the church and flate, and drew a lively 
 pidture of the deftructive confequences 
 that would refult from the kingdom 
 being laid under an interdict. He at 
 length withdrew, but not till he had 
 
 prefled
 
 [ '08 ] 
 
 S E c T. prefled the critical temper of affairs with 
 T_ r - * an earneflnefs which brought tears into 
 his eyes. 
 
 THE commons did not adopt the arch- 
 bifhop's fentiments with refpecl: to the 
 papal fee : uninfluenced by his argu- 
 ments, they were not however infenfible 
 to the difficulties of his fituation ; nor 
 did they conclude the feffion before they 
 had prefented a petition to the king, 
 praying his mediation with the pope in 
 Chichele's behalf (b) : and here this 
 troublefome and vexatious difpute fell 
 to the ground (c) *, 
 
 THAT 
 
 (b) Rolls of Parl. vol. iv. p. 322. 
 
 (c) Wilkins's Concil. vol. iii. from p. 471 to 
 
 487- 
 
 * The only authentic materials to be found rela^ 
 tive to this tranfa&ion are I believe preferved in Wil- 
 kins's Concilia : but, as thefe materials are not al- 
 ways
 
 109 
 
 THAT thefe proceedings were con- SECT. 
 dufted by Martin with fo little delicacy ^J 1 !^ 
 towards the archbifhop, may be attri- 
 buted to the fteady and early oppofition 
 that prelate had {hewn to papal claims, 
 whenever he thought them incompatible 
 with the privileges of the church of 
 England fdj. 
 
 AMONGST many inftances of this na- 
 ture, one has obtained particular notice: 
 while the late king was abfent from his 
 
 ways either regularly arranged or accurately dated, I 
 have, where I thought myfelf warranted by the con- 
 text, by the inconfiftency of the dates as there given, 
 and by a comparifon of them with the rolls of par- 
 liament and other undoubted records, ventured, not 
 without diffidence, to vary from them. As Duck 
 had not entered into this part of Chichele's hiftory, a 
 full and clear detail of it became more neceflary, and 
 the probability of fucceeding more remote. 
 
 (d) Walfingham's Hypodygma Neuftriae, p. 579, 
 
 dominions
 
 SECT, dominions in the profecution of the 
 u y~-' French war, the Roman pontiff was bu- 
 fily employed in the execution of a de- 
 fign he then entertained, of appointing 
 Beaufort bifhop of Wincheiler a cardi- 
 nal, and legate a latere for England during 
 life. This fcheme was defeated by Chi-* 
 chele's vigilance, who reprefented (e) 
 the impropriety of fuch an appointment 
 fo effectually to Henry, that he declared 
 he would rather fee his uncle Beau- 
 fort invefted with his crown than with 
 a cardinal's hat. This honour he had 
 fince obtained on his arrival at Calais 
 with the duke of Bedford in the courfe 
 of the lad year. He was at this time 
 returned into England with legatine au- 
 thority. But as the king's prodtor pro- 
 tefted againfl the entrance of a legate 
 
 (e) See Letter in Appendix N II. 
 
 into
 
 [ 111 ] 
 
 into the realm of England without the SECT. 
 fovereign's permiffion, the cardinal-bi- u.- y -- 
 mop was obliged to declare before the 
 lords of parliament, that he would at- 
 tempt nothing prejudicial to the rights 
 of the crown, and exercife no branch of 
 his office till he had obtained the royal 
 leave. The motive which principally 
 induced the pope to make Beaufort a car- 
 dinal at this juncture was, that in the 
 character of legate he might preach up 
 a crufade againft the Huflites, an obfti- 
 nate fed: of heretics in Bohemia which 
 gave the court of Rome much trouble ; 
 and it was with this view he now vifited 
 England. 
 
 To forward the purpofes of this holy 
 miffion Chichele was ordered to injoin 
 public prayers and proceffions for the 
 converfion of thefe deluded heretics : and, 
 
 that
 
 [ "a ] 
 
 that no encouragement might be want- 
 ing to good catholics in this religious 
 undertaking, Martin offered indulgences 
 (f) for a hundred days to all fuch as de* 
 voiitly rehearfed the feven penitential 
 pfalmSj or twenty-five pater-nofters and 
 ave-marias,for the accomplishment of the 
 pious work. In conformity to the pope's 
 bull fit perfons were appointed alfo by 
 the archbimop, to publim this crufade, 
 and to grant abfolution to fuch as were 
 willing to engage in the holy warfare. 
 In the month of July Chichele convok- 
 
 (f} In another bull Martin holds out ftill more 
 alluring terms of invitation to the volunteers in this 
 pious cau/e. Seven years remiflion of penance to all 
 who contributed in the proportion of the thoufandth 
 penny of their property ; and an unlimited forgive - 
 nefs of paft enormities of every fpecies to fuch as 
 ferved half a year in perfon, or found a foldier in this 
 
 crufade. Fafciculus, published from Regifter of 
 
 Canterbury by E. Brown. 
 
 ed
 
 [ "3 1 
 
 ed a fynod at St. Paul's cathedral. The SECT. 
 bufmefs of thefe afTemblies was limited ,__^Lu 
 to few points, and the relation admits of I4z8 * 
 little variety. Amongft feveral perfons 
 accufed of herefy before this tribunal, Ca- 
 tharine Dertford feems td have excited 
 very unreafonable apprehenfions. Being 
 questioned relative to fome abftrufe doc- 
 trines of the church, me with great fim- 
 plicity confefTed, that her information in 
 religious matters was confined to the 
 knowledge of the creed and the ten 
 commandments. Ralph Mungyn, a fe- 
 cular prieft, who wanted thofe pleas for 
 companion which her inexperience and 
 her fex gave this female, had neverthe- 
 lefs little room for complaint either of 
 the perfecuting fpirit or the harm pro- 
 ceeding of his judge. Chichele repeat- 
 edly exhorted him with parental tender- 
 nefs to renounce his errors, and repeatedly 
 I adjourned
 
 t "4 1 
 
 adjourned the fentence of condemnation* 
 Finding all argument ineffectual, he at 
 length pronounced on him the doom of 
 perpetual imprifonment, ftill referving a 
 power of mitigating this punimment, if 
 time and reflection mould bring the 
 unhappy object of it to a fenfe of his de^ 
 linquency (g). The fynod was conti- 
 nued with fliort intermimons to Decem- 
 ber, and a fubfidy of half a tenth granted 
 1429. to the crown : in the enfuing October 
 the further grant of a tenth and a half 
 was levied in convocation to the fame 
 ufe. By this well-timed liberality the 
 clergy obtained a privilege, which hi- 
 therto had been wanting, to give their 
 meeting freedom and fecurity : an act 
 was on their petition palled, providing 
 that their delegates* during the fitting of 
 
 (g) Wilkins's Concil. vol. iii. p. 502. 
 
 convocation,
 
 convocation, mould enj oy exemption from SECT. 
 
 arrefts, and every other immunity pof- < v 
 
 fefled by the members of the lower houfe 
 of parliament. Under thefe promifing 
 appearances the convocation was diflblvi- 
 ed ; and Conzo, the pope's nuntio, who 
 had long folicited a tenth, faw its diflb- 
 lution without having been able to pro- 
 cure one favourable hearing. This ne- 
 glect furnimed frefh matter for Martin's 
 indignation againft Chichele, whom he 
 confidered as one of the chief obftructors 
 of his agent's fuccefs. The archbifhop, 
 to remove the wrong impreffions the 
 pope had received, wrote a very refpectful 
 apology for his conduct, in which he 
 particularly alleges, that*he had purpof- 
 edly protracted the fynod to October, that 
 no impediment to the execution of his 
 holinefs's deiires might lie in him fb). 
 
 (b) See letter in Appendix N 6 2. 
 
 I 2 IN
 
 IN fourteen hundred and thirty Chi* 
 chele fummoned another affembly of his 
 clergy. Ecclefiaftical cenfures formed, as 
 ufual, the bulk of the bufmefs tranfacted 
 in this meeting. The enforcement of 
 fpiritual decrees by temporal penalties was 
 no uncommon occurrence : but in one 
 inftance fpiritual terrors were made fub- 
 iidiary to civil juftice. The fraudulent 
 practice of uling a falfe weight, which 
 had long prevailed amongft unfair traders 
 notwithstanding the endeavours of the 
 civil magiftrate, drew the notice of this 
 fynod ; and Chichele publimed a formal 
 fentence of excommunication againft all 
 who in future mould dare to ufe it. 
 
 CARDINAL BEAUFORT, who had 
 embarked with levies for the Bohemian 
 crufade in July, did not reach Bohemia till 
 
 the
 
 [ "7 1 
 
 the next year, having ftipulated to aflift the 
 duke of Bedford with his forces for the 
 term of fix months : nor does it appear 
 that he conducted himfelf perfectly to 
 the pope's fatis/action on his arrival -, 
 fince he was foon fuperfeded, and return- 
 ed again to England. The appointment 
 of cardinal Julian of Saint Angelo legate 
 was one of the laft acts of that reftlefs 
 pontiff Martin the fifth. He died in 
 February fourteen hundred and thirty- 1431 
 one, and by his death reftored to Chi- 
 chele a proipecl of that repofe and tran- 
 quillity which his advanced age and 
 growing infirmities fo much required, 
 
 SECTION
 
 [ n8 ] 
 
 SECTION VII. 
 
 T the opening of this year Chi- 
 chele was appointed to act as 
 commiffioner, for railing money to defray 
 the expences of the king's journey to 
 France. This vifit Henry undertook at 
 the preffing folicitation of the duke of 
 Bedford, who faw, in defiance of his moft 
 vigorous exertions, the Englifh interefl 
 declining in that country with rapid 
 paces. Among many incidents which 
 had confpired to produce a change in 
 the face of affairs, the late lingular fuc- 
 ceffes of the Maid of Orleans were cer- 
 tainly not the leaft important. Her ex- 
 traordinary
 
 [ 119 I 
 
 traordinary miffion, and the reft of thofe SECT. 
 marvellous forgeries which formed the <_ v 
 texture of her myfterious ftory, whether 
 they are to be confidered as the dreams 
 of a vilionary enthufiaft, or the bold fic- 
 tions of an enlightened politician, were 
 well calculated to infpire her country* 
 men with confidence, and give new vi-^ 
 gour to their arms : arid however ill 
 founded the terror of her name may have 
 been, it ftruck fo univerfal an awe into 
 the Englifh foldiers, that they deferted in 
 Urge bodies (a). No lefs than three pro- 
 I 4 clamations. 
 
 (a) The effects of Joan's termagant fpirit were 
 jiot, if we may believe a contemporary writer, re- 
 ftrained to her enemies. She had been a very fhort 
 time in pofleflion of the fword which me boafted to 
 have been difcovered to her by divine revelation, 
 when me broke it upon two or three loofe followers 
 of the camp ; much to her fovereign's difiatisfa&ion, 
 who chidingly told her, that fhe mould rather have 
 taken a goodJlicA to them. " II y avoit" (fays this 
 
 author)
 
 [ 120 ] 
 
 clamations were iflued in one year to 
 check this fpirit of defection fb) y which 
 was communicated even to the troops 
 not yet embarked for the French coaft. 
 
 THE perfevering courage and mafterly 
 conduct of the Bsftard of Orleans con- 
 
 author) plufieurs femmes debauchees, qui empe- 
 choient les gens d'armes de faire diligence au fervice 
 du roi ; quoi voyant icelle Jeanne, elle tira fon epee 
 et en battit deux ou trois tant qu'elle rompit fa dite 
 cpee : dont le roi fut bien deplaifant, lui difant qu'elle 
 devoit avoir pris un ban baton et frapper deflus, fans 
 abandonner ainfi celle epee, qui lui etoit venue de- 
 vinement comme elle difoit." 
 
 Hift. of Charles VII. by Jean 
 Chatrier, p. 29 in D. Gode- 
 froy's Collection. 
 
 (b) The punifhment infilled on deferters at this 
 time was imprifonment during the king's pleafure, 
 with lofs of horfes and accoutrements ; but this mild 
 penalty being found inneffechial, a law was enacted 
 in the eighteenth of this reign, by which defertion, 
 after a foldier had once been muftered, was made fe- 
 lony. Aft. Pub. and Statutes at large. 
 
 fummated
 
 fummated the great work which the SECT. 
 
 VII 
 fortunate but mort-lived efforts of this ^^^L. 
 
 enterprizing heroine began. He has 
 been celebrated by contemporary (c) 
 writers as one of the braveft and mod 
 fkilful captains of his age. After having 
 fignalized himfelf in all the brilliant ac- 
 tions of this period, and wound up the 
 clue of his military fame by the recovery 
 of the whole province of Guyenne to 
 the French crown, he died full of years, 
 and to the titles of Count of Dunois and 
 Longue-ville added the glorious appella- 
 tion of the Deliverer of his country (d). 
 
 THE 
 
 (c) Chartier, De Coucy, Bouvier, and others col- 
 lected and publilhed by D. Godefroy. 
 
 (d} Hall in his Chronicle, fol. 104, reports, that 
 this baftard was a natural fon of the duke of Orleans, 
 by the wife of the lord Cawny, conftable of one of the 
 duke's caftles on the frontier towards Artois ; and that, 
 ppon the death of his parents, the next of kin to thelord 
 
 Cawny
 
 122 
 
 THE prefence of an infant prince, to 
 whom the inhabitants were almoft uni-^ 
 verfally perfect Grangers, was not likely 
 to work any very favourable effect upon 
 their fentiments; and Henry, after a fhort 
 refidence in his French dominions, re- 
 turned, with the natural prejudice for 
 domeftic fcenes, to his native ifland. 
 
 Cawny challenged the inheritance; that in conclufion 
 the matter was brought before the prefidents of the 
 parliament of Paris, and there remained in litigation 
 till the boy was eight years of age ; when, on a day 
 appointed for a final hearing, the infant hero being 
 afked whofe fon he was, contrary to the lefibns and 
 expectations of his mother's friends, boldly replied, 
 " My heart giveth me and my noble courage telleth 
 " me, that I am the fon of the noble duke of Orleans ; 
 " more glad to be his baftard with a mean living, 
 " than the lawful fon of that cowardly cuckold 
 " Cawny with his four thoufand crowns." A paf- 
 fage which I have been induced to mention, rather 
 from the refemblance it bears to fome circumftances 
 in Shakefpear's interefling character ef Faulconbridge^ 
 than from any conviction of its authenticity. 
 
 The
 
 t 
 
 The citizens (e) of London teftified SECT. 
 their loyalty on the occafion, in a pageant t_ T -L 
 decorated with emblematical devices, I432 " 
 well fuited to the immature tafle and 
 tender age of a monarch who was then 
 only in his eleventh year. The arch- 
 bifhop of Canterbury, at the head of his 
 fufFragans and the canons of St. Paul's, 
 received him at the door of the cathedral, 
 and conducted him in folemn triumph 
 to the great altar, where he made a devout 
 offering. 
 
 -MARTIN, as has been obferved, 
 had fummoned a council to fit at Bafil, 
 but did not live to fee it meet. The 
 new pope, Eugenius the fourth, con- 
 firmed the bull granted by his predecef- 
 for, and the council was accordingly 
 convened. Its deliberations however, 
 the profefTed defign of which was to 
 (e) Fabian's Chron. p. 423 to 428. 
 
 unite
 
 [ '24 ] 
 
 unite the Greek and Latin churches, and 
 reform the church univerfal, did not ob- 
 tain the pope's fanction or approbation : 
 and, after repeated differences, the fathers 
 of the council and the Roman pontiff 
 came to an open rupture : a mutual pro- 
 fcription was the refult. The council 
 pafled fentence of depofition againft Eu- 
 genius, who in return declared that con- 
 gregation illegal and excommunicated. 
 
 NOTWITHSTANDING thefe reciprocal 
 difqualifications, both parties ftill held 
 their feparate afTemblies, and continued 
 to affert their refpedlive fuperiority. It 
 was not likely that any part of Chriften- 
 dom mould remain uninterefted fpefta- 
 tors of the progrefs of this controverfy : 
 in 1431 Chichele imparted to his fuffra- 
 gans a fummons which he had received 
 from the legate who prefided at Bafil, 
 
 and
 
 [ 125 ] 
 
 ftnd recommended it to their immediate s E c T* 
 confideration. In the next year he met ,_ j __ v _l_ / 
 his clergy in convocation at London, I432% 
 where, having elected fit perfons to attend 
 the council, they afTeffed the ecclefiafti- 
 cal benefices at two pence in the pound 
 to fupply the expences of their appoint- 
 ment. Eugenius had by this time, from 
 difguft at forne meafures of the council, 
 removed it from Bafil to Bologna. Chi- 
 chele affembled a fynod to confult what H33- 
 fteps were proper to be taken at this 
 conjuncture; when it was determined by 
 a majority of voices to fend delegates to 
 the pope, whom they accounted fully 
 juftified in what he had done, as well as 
 to the fathers at Bafil (f). The depu- 
 ties to thefe laft were directed to fupport 
 the party which embraced the old mode 
 
 (f) Wilkins's Concil. vol. iii. p. 521, 522. 
 
 of
 
 SECT, of voting by nations, if any thing that 
 i_ ^' n _P involved fuch a queftion mould be agi- 
 I433 ' tated. This method would give Eng- 
 land as great weight in the decifions of 
 the council as any other of the four na- 
 tions (g) lingly pofleffed ; an equality 
 that muft probably be deflroyed by the 
 fuperior number of agents from foreign 
 courts, whenever the form of voting by 
 deputies mould be adopted. 
 
 THE hiftory of fome fubfequent fy- 
 nods furnimes little matter worth re- 
 mark ; the clergy appear to have fuffered 
 from an unfair construction of the ftatute 
 1434. of prsemunire, and to have tried the ufual 
 and ineffectual means of redrefs, fpiritual 
 cenfures. But whatever grievances the 
 ecclefiaftics might labour under, and 
 
 (g) Thefe were Germany, France, Italy, Spain ; 
 acknowledged as fuch by the council of Conftance. 
 
 whatever
 
 [ "7 ] 
 
 whatever refentment they might har- SECT. 
 hour, their grants to the crown were v % - 
 pegular and competent. The inconfi- 
 derable bufmefs tranfadled in thefe pro- 
 vincial meetings left Chichele more than 
 ordinary leifure, and this he omitted no 
 opportunity of improving to the advan- 
 tage both of his diocefe and province. His i435 
 
 1436. 
 
 mind, not retrained to the contempla- 
 tion of adjacent objects, took a wider 
 range ; as his advanced age forbade him 
 to entertain a hope of continuing much 
 longer in the fervice of his contempora- 
 ries, he extended his provident care to 
 poflerity, and to temporary benefits add- 
 ed one of a more permanent duration ; in 
 fourteen hundred and thirty-feven he 1437, 
 laid the foundation of a college in Ox- 
 ford : a lafling teftimony of his regard 
 for literature, and its beneficial influence , 
 on fociety (h). 
 
 (b) See next fedion. 
 2 EUGENIUS
 
 t 128 ] 
 
 EUGENIUS having convened a fredi 
 council at Ferrara, Chichele (i) figni- 
 fied to his clergy affembled in convoca- 
 tion this ftep, taken by the pope for the 
 fake, as his holinefs's letters intimated, 
 of facilitating the reconciliation of the 
 Greek and Latin Churches ', in which 
 good work he requefted the Englifli 
 clergy to fecond him, by nominating 
 proper reprefentatives to attend the coun- 
 cil. Thefe frequent removes of the 
 council which adhered to the pontiff's 
 intereft, and the coexiflence of another 
 at Bafil, whofe regulations, though con- 
 demned by the court of Rome, were too 
 reafonable and of too conciliating (k) a 
 
 (i) Wilkins's Concilia, vol. Hi. p. 525. 
 (k) Such as the fuppreffion of the annates, one of 
 the moft productive branches of the papal revenues. 
 L'Enfant's Hift. of Council of Bafil, p. 446. 
 
 nature
 
 [ "9 ] 
 
 nature not to find numerous advocates, SECT. 
 
 VII. 
 augmented the charges, and divided the ^^J^ 
 
 fentiments, of the Englifh church. It . l ^ 
 was with difficulty that a contribution 
 was raifed adequate to the expences of 
 the delegates chofen to this office. The 
 fecular clergy were unalterably determin- 
 ed againft any grant (1) : the monaftic 
 orders, more devoted to the papal fee, 
 levied the whole on their own revenues. 
 Chichele, whofe veneration for the head 
 of the catholic church was ever correct- 
 ed by a falutary regard for the conftitu- 
 tional privileges of that part of it over 
 which he was more immediately placed 
 as guardian, communicated to his fufTra- 
 gans and clergy, aflembled in this fynod, 
 an infringement of thefe privileges at- 
 tempted by the pope in the provifion of 
 
 (1) Wilkins's Concil. vol. iii. p. 532. 
 
 K a bifhop
 
 f '3 ] 
 
 a bimop to the vacant fee of Ely : defir- 
 ing their counfel and affiftance in a cafe 
 of fo ferious an importance to their com- 
 munity in general, and which in his 
 own perfon required to be treated with 
 a gentle yet fteady and refolute hand. 
 If a peculiarity of circumftances could 
 have induced Chichele to depart from 
 the general tenour of his conduct, fuch 
 an inducement was prefented to him in 
 the prefent inftance : the inclination of 
 his fovereign, and the diftinguimed merit 
 of the candidate for this dignity, might 
 have reconciled him to fuch a deviation, 
 without fixing on him the reproach ei- 
 ther of an unrefifting ductility of temper, 
 or of too courtly an obfequioufnefs of 
 manners. The perfon provided by Eu- 
 genius was Lewis archbimop of Rowen, 
 whofe fervices (m) to the king in. France 
 (z) A6L Pub. torn. v. pag. 53. 
 
 had
 
 had given him a fubftantial claim to SECT. 
 
 VII. 
 royal favour. Powerful as this recom- ^y . 
 
 mendation was, the irregularity of the 
 French prelate's appointment determined 
 Chichele againft it j nor could he be pre- 
 vailed upon, by any confideration, to in- 
 vert him with the fpiritualities of his 
 bifhopric (n). 
 
 THE lame oppofition to papal ufur- 
 pations was difcovered by him in a 
 difpute with Kempe archbifhop of 
 York, who contended, that as cardinal 
 he ought to have precedence of him in 
 the houfe of peers* In the courfe of this 
 controverfy the pope naturally threw his 
 weight into the cardinal's fcale; but 
 Chichele ftrenuoufly infifled, that in the. 
 
 (n) This prelate did not however remain unre- 
 compenfed ; the king granted him the full enjoyment 
 of the temporalities of the biftiopric under the title of 
 perpetual adminiftrator of the fee of Ely. Ibid. 
 
 K 2 character
 
 t 132 ] 
 
 SECT, character of cardinal, Kempe's rank and 
 
 VII. 
 \^~v~^j pre-eminence was derived folely from 
 
 J yjO 
 
 an attendance on the pontiff's perfon, and 
 limited to the refidence of his court. 
 
 WHILE the convocation was fitting, 
 the univerfities, which were at this pe- 
 riod in a very reduced ftate, prefented a 
 remonftrance, containing an ample ac- 
 count of the grievances they laboured 
 under, and which they attributed to the 
 wars, want of money, and the total n-e- 
 gled: of their members in the difpofal of 
 church preferments (oj. To alleviate 
 thefe diftreiTes, and remove one caufe of 
 their complaint, Chichele decreed, with 
 the concurrence of the fynod, that all 
 ecclefiaftical patrons mould, for ten years 
 to come, confer the benefices in their 
 gift on members of either univerfity 
 
 (o) A. Wood. Hift. of Univ. L. i. p. 217. 
 
 exclufively j
 
 t 133 ] 
 
 exclufively j and that vicars general, s * CT > 
 
 commiffaries, and officials, mould be < , * 
 
 1438. 
 chofen out of the graduates in civil and 
 
 common law, 
 
 THE next convocation that Chichele' 
 affembled he opened by an enumeration 
 of the hardships the clergy fuffered, from 
 an erroneous construction and undue 
 application of the act of praemunire. 
 After ftating the feveral abufes which 
 had obtained under colour of enforcing 
 this law, in terms of great energy and 
 fenfibility, he begged the aflernbly to 
 take the menacing pofture of affairs into 
 their moil ferious confideration. The 
 refult was a petition to the crown, that 
 the ftatutes in queflion mould be taken 
 to extend only to thofe who commenced 
 any fuits, or procured any writs or public 
 *inilruments, at Rome or elfewhere out 
 K 3 of
 
 SECT, of England (p), agreeable to the ori- 
 ^ r 4_f ginal purport and defign of them. Chi* 
 chele and his fuffragans prefented this 
 petition ; and the king gracioufly anfwer^- 
 ed, that he would have their recjueft laid 
 before the parliament, anjl in the inte- 
 rim would give orders that no writ of 
 praemunire mould be iffued till he had 
 in council been more fully advifed. The 
 augmentation of fmall vicarages was like- 
 \vife fuggefted and adopted in this fynod. 
 The constitution which Chichele pub- 
 limed, for carrying fo defirable a meafure 
 into execution, is framed with that atten- 
 tion to the interefts of the inferior mem- 
 bers of the clerical order, which befpeaks 
 him the common father of the whole 
 body. The general falary of vicars was 
 therein fettled by a rate proportioned 
 
 (p) Blackftone's Comment, book iv. p. 113. 
 
 both
 
 both to the value of the re&ory and the SECT. 
 fervice attending it ; and no {Upend lefs ^ 
 than an annual income of twelve marks 
 was admitted as an adequate endowment 
 of a vicarage, unlefs the rents of the 
 reftory did not amount to that fum (q). 
 
 THIS was the laft fynod Chichele's 
 feeble ftate permitted him to attend in 
 perfon. From this time to his death he 
 feems, if we except the examination of 
 Eleanor (r) duchefs of Glocefler, to 1441 
 
 (l} Wilkins's Cone. p. 535. 
 
 (r) The duchefs of Gloceftcr was examined be- 
 fore Chichele, the cardinals Beaufort and Kempe, 
 and others, in St. Stephen's chapel, on a charge of 
 having attempted the king's life by witchcraft. The 
 moft material circumftance relative to this affair is, 
 that in confequence of her condemnation a ftntute 
 parted for trying peerefles by their equals ; a privilege 
 not extended to the wives of peers till that period. 
 
 Stowe and Parl. Hiftory. 
 
 K 4 have
 
 have declined all interference in public 
 bufinefs : finking beneath the oppreffive 
 weight of fourfcore years, and no longer 
 equal to the fatigues which his flation as 
 primate impofed on him, he wi{hed to 
 refign his office into more able hands ; 
 defirous of preparing himfelf for his ap- 
 proaching diiTolution he languished for 
 retirement. His application to Euge- 
 1442. nius in fourteen hundred and forty-two, 
 to obtain this indulgence, is fraught with 
 many ftrokes of piety and goodnefs of 
 heart. " Praife be to the living God," 
 (fays the venerable prelate) " by whofe 
 " bleffing I have attained to that fulnefs 
 " of years, which has enabled me to ga- 
 " ther myfelf as it were into my own bo- 
 " fom,and, with a perfect indifference for 
 " the world and its vanities, employ my 
 " whole thoughts and care on my own 
 " prefervation -, I am now, holy father, 
 
 " heavy
 
 [ '37 1 
 
 , aged, in 
 beyond meafure ; infomuch thathence- 
 
 heavy laden, aged, infirm and weak SECT. 
 
 <' forth I mall be totally unequal and 
 ?' incompetent to the charge I have 
 " fo long borne and ftill continue to 
 5* bear. For the welfare, therefore, and 
 " fafety of that flock, which is. equally 
 " the object of your attention as of 
 <c mine ; for my repofe and the faiva- 
 " tion of my foul, I in treat on my 
 ?' knees, that your holinefs would re T 
 " leafe me from a burden I am no longer 
 te able to fupport either with eafe to 
 f f myfelf or advantage to others : in 
 f pity then fuffer me to furrender my 
 " charge into your facred apoitolic 
 " hands -, grant me a fhort refpite that 
 f* I may bewail my infirmities ; O fpare 
 " me a little that I may recover my 
 '* ftrength, before I go hence and be 
 2 ** no
 
 [ '38 ] 
 
 SECT, "no more feen fsj" The archbifhop 
 
 VII 
 
 ^.^J^ concludes this epiftle with an earneft re- 
 
 J 44 2 * commendation of the bifhop of Bath for 
 his fucceflbr, whom great talents, noble 
 birth, powerful connections, a conciliat- 
 ing hofpitality, and devout zeal for the 
 holy fee, combined to render worthy of 
 fuch an appointment. 
 
 To Chichele's importunities Henry 
 condefcended to join his royal intercef- 
 fion (t) y and particularly to urge the re- 
 ferve of fome fuitable provifion out of 
 the rents of the fee of Canterbury, left 
 that prelate might on his refignation 
 want a fupport, which his liberal mind, 
 ever a ftranger to the low fchemes of per- 
 fonal emolument, had, during the long 
 
 (s ) See this letter in Appendix N I. 
 (t) Ibid. 
 
 enjoyment
 
 [ '39 1 
 
 enjoyment of that lucrative ftation, ne- 
 glected to fecure. Whatever influence 
 thefe applications might have had on the 1442 * 
 court of Rome, its decifions were fo 
 tardy that Chichele did not live to fee 
 the effect of them : the month of April 
 1443 put a period to his life; the lefs pe- 1443, 
 rifhable monuments of it will be the 
 fubject of the next fection (u). 
 
 (u) Tt may be proper to mention here, that In 
 1440 the king granted to the archbifhop and others 
 the alien priories to hold in fee. 
 
 Pub, vol. v. p. gj. 
 
 SECTION.
 
 [ '4 ] 
 
 SECTION VIII. 
 
 SECT. ^ I 1 H E chief fcenes of Chichelc's 
 \_ ! - rr ^_ f -*- munificence were Higham-fer- 
 rers, the diocefe of Canterbury, and the 
 university of Oxford. The firil of thefe 
 was particularly endeared to him, as being 
 the place of his nativity, and the refi- 
 dence of thofe who were moft clofely 
 
 united to him by the ties of blood and 
 _.) 
 
 affection. The fecond was forcibly re- 
 commended to his notice, as giving him 
 eminence of rank and power. To the 
 third he was indebted for the accom- 
 plimments which raifed him to this rank, 
 
 and
 
 and qualified him for the right ufe of S 
 this power. 
 
 In May 1422 Chichele obtained let-^ 
 ters patent of Henry V. to found a col- 
 legiate church at Higham-ferrers, for 
 the maintenance of eight chaplains, four 
 clerks, and fix chorifters, to pray daily 
 for the fouls of the king and queen and 
 the archbifhop, for the fouls of Hen- 
 ry IV. and Mary his confort, for the 
 parents of the archbifhop, for his bene- 
 fa&ors, and all faithful perfons deceafed. 
 A mafler was to be chofen out of the 
 chaplains to prefide over the college, and 
 two of their body, either clerks or chap- 
 lains, to teach grammar and church- 
 irmfic. The pofTeflions with which 
 Chichele endowed this foundation were, 
 the alien priory of Merfey in Eflex, the 
 manor of Overdene in Bedfordfhire, fixty 
 
 acres
 
 t 42 ] 
 
 S t c T* acres of woodland at Swynefhede in Hun* 
 
 VIII 
 t _ rv ^7 tingdonfhire, the manor of Chefterton, 
 
 and Veife's manor in Hereford near New- 
 enham, together with thirty acres of 
 arable and ten of pafture land, a mef- 
 fuage called /<? fivan on the hope, fixty 
 acres of arable and ten of meadow at 
 Higham-ferrers (a). To thefe poflef- 
 Jions Chichele's brothers made valuable 
 additions $ and, at the difTolution of mo- 
 nafteries, the clear annual income a- 
 mounted to one hundred and fifty-fix 
 pounds two millings and eight pence (b)* 
 
 THIS college was a quadrangular build- 
 ing, about fifteen yards fquare within, 
 having two wings projecting wefhvard, 
 and a handfome gateway on the eafl fide 
 
 (y) Monafticon Anglic, vol. iii. p. 173. 
 (b) Tanner^ Noiitia, p, 588. 
 
 with
 
 [ 143 1 
 
 with three niches over it (c), which SECT. 
 probably held the images of the virgin *~- *~~- 
 Mary, St. Thomas of Canterbury, and 
 St. Edward the confeffor, to whofe pa- 
 tronage it was recommended fdj. The 
 collegiate church is ftill ftanding, and 
 ferves for the parifh church. Another 
 acl: of Chichele's benevolence to his na- 
 tive place, was the erection of an hofpi- 
 tal for the poor of the town, who, be- 
 fides the broken meat they received from 
 the college, had a daily allowance of one 
 penny each fej. 
 
 THE metropolitical diocefe is r in va- 
 rious parts of it, indebted to Chichele's 
 bounty for extenfive embellifhments. Afc 
 
 ( c ) Anonymous authors of the Hiftory of North- 
 amp tonflii re, vol. ii. 
 
 (d) Ibid. 
 
 () A. Wood, MS. Hift, of Univ. of Oxford. 
 
 4 Canterbury 
 
 v
 
 t H4 ] 
 
 Canterbury he expended large fums in 
 adorning the cathedral, and in building a 
 library which he furnilhed with a good 
 collection of books in all kinds of learn- 
 ing ffj. At Lambeth he was a confi- 
 derable repairer and improver of the 
 archiepifcopal palace. From the year 
 1424 to the year 1441, we find in his 
 fleward's accounts mention of a variety 
 of rooms built at his expence : but the 
 moft important work undertaken there 
 by this munificent prelate was the great 
 tower, fince called the Lollard's tower. 
 It was built in the i3th of Henry VI. 
 
 (f) Thefe benefaction s were reckoned up in a 
 public inftrument made by the prior and monks of 
 Canterbury, and recorded among the public acts of 
 the church, in which they promife on their part, that 
 Chichele's body ihould be laid in the tomb that he 
 had caufed to'be built on the north fide of the chan- 
 cel, and that no one befide fhould ever be buried in 
 that quarter. A. Duck. 
 
 at
 
 [ '45 ] 
 
 at the weft end of the chapel, on the SECT. 
 
 VIII. 
 lite of an old ftone edifice taken down _- r -Lj 
 
 to make room for the erection of it. All 
 the expences of building it are particu- 
 larly enumerated in the computus bal- 
 livorum, or fleward's account, of that 
 year ; whereby it appears that the total 
 charge of the tower amounted to two 
 hundred and feventy-eight pounds two 
 {hillings and eleven pence (g). At 
 Croydon the parifh church was probably 
 either erected, or received great repairs, 
 by Chichele's order, as the walls of the 
 porch and fteeple bear his arms. We 
 may here add, though it does not pro- 
 perly belong to the diocefe of Canter- 
 
 (g) This account of Lambeth palace is taken 
 from a manufcript written by Dr. A. C. Ducarrel, 
 and communicated by his permiffiorh 
 
 L bury,
 
 [ 146 1 
 
 SECT, bury, that he is mentioned in the lift oi 
 VIII. 
 v,.^, ) benefactors to Rochefter bridge (b). 
 
 BUT the nobleft exertions of Chiche- 
 le's liberality were dedicated to the fer- 
 vice of literature, and the improvement 
 of the univerfity of Oxford; which at 
 this time, and for fome years before, la- 
 boured under very oppreffive difcourage- 
 ments. Learning was fallen into general 
 contempt ; the number of {Indents was 
 much decreafed, and many halls totally 
 deferted^/y. The ancient languages were 
 not critically underftood ; Latin, the 
 only one of the dead tongues in com- 
 mon ufe, was appropriated to the unintel- 
 ligible jargon of fchoolmen and meta- 
 
 (b) Stowe's Chronicle, p. 335. 
 
 (i) A. Wood. Hift. Univ. Oxon. p. 216 he 
 tells us that the poorer fcholars were fo defKtute, as to 
 beg their bread from door to door. 
 
 phyficians ;
 
 [ H7 1 
 
 phylicians ; theology and philofophy s E J: T T * 
 were involved in a maze of intricate c.i-,-i.u 
 and unprofitable enquiries; and even 
 the fludy of the civil and canon laws, 
 overwhelmed with endlefs commentaries, 
 was more calculated to exercife than im- 
 prove the underftanding. While genius, 
 thus fettered by prejudice and prefcrip- 
 tion, was idly amufed in fubtle and unin- 
 flrudlive refearches, the free exercife of 
 judgment and reafon was neceffarily dif- 
 countenanced and fupprefTed. What 
 contributed perhaps to thicken the cloud 
 of ignorance which enveloped this pe- 
 riod was an extreme fcarcity of books : 
 they were purchafed at a great price, and 
 lent with the utmoft caution and reluc- 
 tance (I). 
 
 L 2 THE 
 
 (I) Before the invention of printing had multi- 
 plied works of literature, inftances of the jealous 
 
 ipirit
 
 [ i 4 8 ] 
 
 THE manners of the fludents were' as 
 barbarous as their erudition. Each line, 
 attached with bigotted partiality to their 
 peculiar ftudy, aflerted its pre-eminence 
 with intemperate zeal, and held every 
 other branch of fcience in fovereign con- 
 tempt. But the great factions which 
 divided the univerfity were thofe of the 
 northern and fouthern members, whofe 
 inveterate (m) prejudices and unvarying 
 
 animofity 
 
 fpirit with which they were guarded were by no 
 means unfrequent. In 1424 the countefs of Weft- 
 moreland prefented a formal petition to the protector 
 and council, for the reftitution of the Chronicles ofje- 
 ru/alem, and the Voyage of Godfrey of Bulloign^ which 
 flie had lent to the late king. The Works of Pope 
 St. Gregory, equally precious in the eftimation of the 
 prior of Chriftchurch Canterbury, met, under fimilar 
 circumftances, with the fame refpectful attention; and 
 the council, convinced of the importance of thefc 
 claims, gave immediate order to have them fatisfied. 
 Ac~L Pub. torn iv. part iv. p. 105. 
 (m) Mr. Tyrwhit informs us, from William of 
 Malmfbury, L. iii. Pontif. Anglic, that the language 
 
 of
 
 [ H9 ] 
 
 anlmofity were difplayed on many occa- 
 lions in the mofl violent and fanguinary 
 contefts fnj. Such was the ftate of the 
 univerfity, when Chichele determined to 
 enlarge its eftablifliments by an addition 
 to the number of its colleges. He be- 
 gan the execution of this defign by creel- 
 ing a houfe for the accommodation of 
 the fcholars of the Ciftercian order, who 
 at that time had no fettled habitation in 
 Oxford. It was built in the north gate 
 ftreet, and dedicated to the Virgin Mary 
 
 of the north of England was fo hard and unpolifhed, 
 as to be fcarce intelligible to a fouthern man ; " quod 
 '* propter viciniam barbararum gentium, et propter 
 " remotionem regum, quondam Anglorum, modo 
 ** Normannorum contigit, qui magis ad auftrum, 
 " quam ad aquilonem diyerfati nofcuntur.*' See 
 note on verfe 17354, vo ^ "' Canterbury Tales. 
 
 (n) A. Wood. Hift. Univ. Oxon. lib. i, p. 194. 
 
 k T and
 
 SECT, and St. Bernard (o). To complete the 
 VIII. 
 i^ r -^_f plan, which he had thus far but partially 
 
 effected, the archbifhop, incited to it by 
 motives of earnefl folicitude for the wel- 
 fare of the church, and companion for 
 thofe who had unfortunately fallen in 
 the French war fpJ 9 erected the college 
 of All Soulen (or All Souls) as it was 
 commonly exprefTed, for the mainte- 
 nance of certain perfons, to pray in gene- 
 ral for the fouls of all the faithful de- 
 
 (o) This manfion, and about five acres of ground, 
 the ilte and precinct of it, were granted 26th Hen- 
 ry VIIJ. to the dean and chapter of Chriftchurch, 
 who alienated them in the reign of Philip and Mary 
 to Sir Thomas White ; and by him they were made 
 a part of the college which he erected, and dedicated, 
 to St. John the Baptift. 
 
 Stevens's Monafticon, vol. ii. p. 53, 
 
 (f>) MS. Statutes in Archives of A. S. Coll. 
 
 ceafed
 
 [ 15' 3 
 
 ceafed (qj, and who might increafe the SECT. 
 number of the minifters of religion, and ._ 
 promote by their itudies the knowledge 
 of theology and of the civil and canon 
 law. 
 
 THE firil purchafe (r) for the fite of 
 this college was made on the i4th of 
 
 (q) They were more efpecially to pray for the 
 good eftate of Henry VI. and the archbiflaop during 
 their lives, and for their fouls after their deceafe ; 
 alfo for the fouls of Henry V. and the duke of Cla- 
 rence, together with thofe of all the dukes, earls, ba- 
 rons, knights, efquires, and other fubjects of the 
 crown of England who had fallen in the war with 
 France. See Chart of Incorp. Appendix N IV. 
 
 (r) The piece of ground conveyed to the college 
 by this purchafe was one hundred and feventy-two 
 feet in length, and one hundred and l~'.xty-two in 
 breadth, meafured from the corner neareft to the eaft 
 end of St. Mary's church, and contained a melTuage 
 called Hereford Hall, and fix (hops Ibid. 
 
 The fite was enlarged by the purchafe of fome ad- 
 ditional tenements and ground adjoining, during the 
 progrefs of the building, which are particularly fpeci- 
 fied in the Appendix N" IV. 
 
 L 4 December
 
 t 15* ] 
 
 SECT. December 1477, by Thomas Chichele 
 
 VIII. 
 L - T -l' archdeacon of Canterbury, Henry Pen- 
 
 wortham, clerk, and Robert Danvers, 
 feoffees to the ufe of the archbifhop. 
 The building was begun under the in- 
 fpection of John Druell, clerk, on the 
 loth of February in the fame year fsj. 
 In the May following the charter of 
 foundation was publimed by letters pa- 
 tent, in which the king, at the felicita- 
 tion (t) of the archbimop, takes upon 
 himfelf the title of founder : the full 
 e^ercife of legiflative authority, and every 
 
 (s) Original deeds in Archiv. of A. S. C. 
 
 (t) Chichele has given his reafon for foliciting 
 the king's patronage as founder in the following 
 words ; " Sic enim fperavimus quod eo felicius piurn 
 A< hoc noftrae intentionis propofitum ad optatum per- 
 " veniret effe6tum, fecuriufque ac quietius in perpe- 
 " tuum confifteret, quo ipfum tantas majeftatis regiae 
 '* fpcciale patrocinium muniret." 
 
 Preface to Statutes in Archiv. of A. S. C. 
 
 other
 
 [ '53 1 
 
 other effential right belonging to that cha- SECT. 
 rafter, being ftill referved to the archbi- J]^ 
 {hop, under the defcription of co-founder. 
 By this charter a warden and twenty fel- 
 lows, of Chichele's election, are firft ap- 
 pointed, and a power lodged in the 
 warden (u) of augmenting the fociety 
 to the number of forty. The charter 
 then grants them, by the name of T^he 
 Warden and College of the Souls of all the 
 Faithful deceafed, a common feal, and the 
 other ufual privileges of corporate bo- 
 dies. Of the whole fociety thus confti- 
 
 (u) By the ftatutes Chichele transfers this power 
 from the warden to the fellows of the college j a cir- 
 cumftance that gave rife to a difpute in the fociety 
 foon after his death, fome of the original members 
 urging that the warden's appointment was contrary 
 to the ftatutes : upon an appeal to archbifhop Staf- 
 ford the vifitor, he confirmed the warden's nomina-r 
 tion, as authorized by the charter of foundation be- 
 fore any ftatutes were made. See chart, in Appen- 
 dix; and Regift. ift, fol. 103, in Archly, of A. S. C, 
 
 tuted,
 
 SECT, tuted, fixteen were to ftudy the civil and 
 T _, ' i canon laws, and the reft were to apply 
 themfelves to philofophy (or the arts) 
 and theology. The names of the firfl 
 twenty fellows are given in the note be- 
 low (<w). The perfon to whom he 
 committed the government of his new 
 foundation is, from that confideration, 
 intitled to more particular mention. 
 
 (w) Tho* Lavenham, Rob* Karewe, 
 
 Tho' Vauge, Simon Hoore, 
 Tho 5 Winterbourne, John Julyan, 
 
 Rob 1 Hoo, Walter Hopton, 
 
 James Laye, Rob 1 Stephens, 
 
 Rich. Le Toft, Rob 1 Seburgh, 
 
 W m Horneden, W m Over ton, 
 
 John Gygour, Tho s Efton, 
 
 John Porter, Rich. Warde, 
 
 Walter Hart, Rich. Penwortham. 
 
 The chaplains, though not mentioned in the charter, 
 appear by the ftatutes to have been a part of the ori- 
 ginal foundation. See Statutes in A. S. C. library. 
 
 RICHARD
 
 t 155 1 
 
 RICHARD ANDREWS had been fome 
 years fellow of New College, where he 
 had ftudied the civil and canon law with 
 the fuccefs due to good natural abilities 
 and diligent application, when archbi- 
 fhop Chichele removed him to the war- 
 denfhip of his college of All Souls fx). 
 This truft he difcharged for the fpace of 
 four years, with a zeal and fidelity in the 
 highefl degree fatisfadtory to his patron, 
 
 (*) If gratitude to a fociety of which he had for- 
 merly been a member may not be thought a fufficient 
 motive to have dire&ed Chichele to this choice, the 
 following note from the Stemmata Chicheleana fug- 
 gefts one by no means improbable j u In the year 
 1558 a perfon of the name and family of Andrews 
 " (John Andrews) was elected fellow as kinfman of 
 " the founder ; and from this circumftance perhaps 
 " we may be allo wed to fuppofe that Richard Andrews, 
 " whom the archbifhop appointed the firft warden 
 " of his new foundation, and who was his great fa- 
 " vourite, might be of the fame family and his near 
 ** relation." See Stemmat. Chichelean. p. 155. 
 
 who
 
 [ '56 ] 
 
 S.E c T. who, as a further mark of the confidence 
 
 VIII. 
 u v i he repofed in him, appointed him one of 
 
 his executors (y). In 1442 he refigned 
 the wardenfhip, and was from that time 
 employed in a more confpicuous ftation. 
 Befides ecclefiaftical preferments of con- 
 iiderable value, he enjoyed the honour- 
 able port of fecretary to the king, in 
 which capacity he bore a great part in 
 moft of the treaties of this reign, and 
 was particularly diftinguimed by the 
 charge of attending Margaret of Anjou 
 in France, and when me came to mare 
 the Englim throne. Towards the clofe 
 of his life he renewed his connection 
 with the college, the members of which, 
 in consideration of various gifts of copes, 
 
 (y) He appears to have been auditor to the arch- 
 bifliop in 1437, but whether prior to his being war- 
 pen I am not able to afcertain. 
 
 Tanner's Biblioth. article Chichele, 
 
 chalices,
 
 t 157 ] 
 
 chalices, and books, as well as money SECT. 
 
 VIII 
 expended in their buildings, admitted ^ , "^ 
 
 him a brother of their fociety, engaged 
 to celebrate his obit annually, and to give 
 on the day preceding four pence to the 
 bellman of the city, to invite by procla- 
 mation all good chriftians to offer up a, 
 prayer for his foul. 
 
 THE king's authority was certainly 
 fufficient in point of law to create a cor- 
 poration; but Chichele, to render the 
 eftablimment unexceptionable, thought 
 it necefTary, according to the fuperftition 
 of the age, to obtain the pope's confir- 
 mation. With this view he fent Richard 
 Andrews to Eugenius IV. then at Flo- 
 rence, with a tranfcript of the charter of 
 foundation duly attefted under the feal 
 of the court of arches ; and that pon- 
 tiff
 
 [ '58 ] 
 
 dily gn 
 iifzj. 
 
 SECT, tiff readily granted a bull to confirm 
 
 THE buildings of the college were in 
 the mean time carried on without in- 
 terruption : the archbifhop had fre- 
 quent interviews with the furveyor, 
 and, though now very old and infirm, 
 came feveral times to Oxford to infpect 
 in perfon the progrefs of his founda- 
 tion (a). In 1442 the building was 
 fufficiently advanced for the reception of 
 the warden and fellows, who fince their 
 incorporation had been maintained and 
 
 ( z) The tranfcript bears date July 1430, the bull 
 of confirmation July 1439. In Archiv. of A. S. C. 
 
 (a) It appears from the following entry in the 
 rattonanum fundationis that the archbifhop refrded, 
 during thefe vifits, at the monaftery of South Ofney ; 
 <c Idem refpondetde 12 s . receptis de fenefchallo do- 
 " mini Cantuarenfis pro quatuor care&is foeni fibi 
 * c venditis ad ufuni domini Cantuar. apud Ofeney. 
 
 6 lodged,
 
 [ 159 1 
 
 lodged, at the archbifhop's expence, in a SECT. 
 hall and divers chambers hired for that _ ,r-i.. 
 purpofe (b). The exact time when they 
 made their entrance is no where fpeci- 
 fied ; but it was probably in the fpring, 
 for the chapel was confecrated early in, 
 the year. The archbifhop himfelf per- 
 formed this folemn ceremony, affifted 
 by the bimops of Lincoln, Worcefter, 
 Norwich, and other fufFragans (c). By 
 the bull of pope Eugenius, in confirma- 
 tion of the king's charter, authority had 
 been given to the college to erecl: a cha- 
 pel and place of burial within their own 
 precincts. By virtue of the fame autho- 
 
 () Pro locatu unius aulse et diverfarum camera- 
 rum cum coquina et ftabulis, 15". Ibid 
 
 (f) Hoc anno (1442) vifitationi ecclefiae omnium 
 animarum collegii interfuerunt Henricus Cantuar. 
 fundator, Wilhelm. Lincoln, T. S. Wigorne, 
 T. Norwicen. et alii fuffraganei. Senior proclor's 
 book, 
 
 rity
 
 SECT, rity the fellows were exempted from the 
 
 VIII. 
 !_ - w - obligation of attending divine fervice at 
 
 the parochial church of St. Mary, and 
 from the payment of all contributions 
 to it (d). This exemption Chichele 
 ratified by a compromife with Oriel 
 college (e) as proprietaries of the faid 
 church. 
 
 THE chapel was dedicated to the four 
 fathers, Jerom, Ambrofe, Auftin, and 
 Gregory 5 and the firft mafs was celebra- 
 ted with the ufual folemnities in May, 
 four years after the incorporation of the 
 
 (d) See bull of pope Eugenlus, Appendix, N V. 
 
 (e) This compromife, by which Oriel college was 
 to receive 200 marks in the place of all ecclefiaftical 
 dues whatever, was afterwards executed by indenture 
 between Walter Lyhert provoft and the fellows of 
 Oriel on one part, and Roger Keys warden and the 
 fellows of A. S. C. on the other, dated November 
 1443. In Archiv. of A. S, C. 
 
 fociety.
 
 fociety. The whole of the building was 
 not finifhed before the latter end of 1444. 
 The expences of it, as accurately flated 
 by John Druell ffj, and Roger Keys 
 his fuccelTor in the office of furveyor, 
 amounted to .4,156. $s. ^\d. If to 
 this fum we add the amount of the pur- 
 chafes made by the feoffees to the arch- 
 bifhop's ufe within the fame period, 
 which, including books and other necef- 
 fary articles for the fervice of the college, 
 is ftated at . 4,302. 3^. 8 d. we mail 
 
 (f) John Druell was elected fellow of the college 
 1440, was collated to the archdeaconry of Exeter 
 1443, and prefented by the college to the living of 
 Harrietfham a fhort time after. See ift Regift. in 
 Archiv. of the Coll. and Le Neve's Fafti, p. 93. 
 
 Roger Keys had the fupervifion of the building in 
 the fifth and fubfequent year : he' was made fellow 
 1438, and fucceeded R. Andrews as warden 1442. 
 Under the immediate direction of thefe two perfons 
 the edifice of the college was erected. 
 
 M obtain
 
 t 162 J 
 
 SECT, obtain a competent notion of the liberal 
 VIII. 
 
 ^ y ^_j fpirit with which the archbifhop pro- 
 vided for his new foundation fgj. 
 
 THE valuable, though comparatively 
 fmall, donations of . 123. 6s. 8*/. (h) 
 to New College, and of an equal fum to 
 the univerfity cheft, as a fund for fmall 
 loans to the members, are teftimoriies of 
 his condefcending attention to the ac- 
 commodations of a ftudious life, in the 
 mofl minute inftances. To the public 
 library, then juft founded by the duke of 
 Glocefter, he not only contributed largely 
 
 (g) Rationarium fufidationis in Archives of 
 A. S. C. which contains a very full and accurate 
 account of all the fums of money expended on the 
 buildings of the college, as delivered in annually by 
 the furveyors. 
 
 (b) A. Wood. Hift. Univ. Oxon. vol. ii.- 
 
 himfelf,
 
 [ '63 1 
 
 himfelf, but folicited a fubfcription to- SEC T. 
 
 VIII. 
 wards it from all the bimops and peers y.. y . 
 
 who came to the parliament at Weft- 
 minfter fij. 
 
 HAVING built his college and en- 
 dowed it with adequate revenues fiJ 9 his 
 lafl care was to furni/h the fociety with 
 a code of ftatutes, which he did not 
 tranfmit to them till within a few days 
 of his death ; having determined that it 
 fhould be as perfect as deliberate confi^ 
 deration and frequent revifion could ren- 
 der it. This code is evidently modelled 
 after the ftatutes of New College, and is 
 fuppofed to have been the compofition 
 of the famous civilian Lyndewode (k), 
 Under the archbifhop'* infpedion. The 
 
 (/) A. Wood. Hift. Univ. Oxon. vol. ii. 
 
 (k) The fame who has been mentioned as prolo- 
 cutor of the lower houfe of convocation. 
 
 M 2 founder
 
 [ 164 ] 
 
 SECT, founder fet his feal to it on the 2d of 
 
 U.-V ^ April 1443 ; on the 1 2th he died, in the 
 
 thirtieth year of his adminiflration of the 
 
 metropolitan fee, and about the eighty- 
 
 firfl of his life. 
 
 His remains were depofited on the 
 north fide of the choir of the cathedral 
 of Canterbury ; where, upon a monu- 
 ment ere&ed in his life, lies his effigy 
 robed in the pontifical veftments, and 
 beneath it a fkeleton in a fhrowdf//. 
 By his laft will he bequeathed to the 
 college . 133. 6s. 8 d. and 1000 marks, 
 Thefe legacies were duly paid (m) by 
 his executors, Thomas Chichele (n) 9 
 archdeacon of Canterbury, Rkhard An- 
 drews, William Byconyll, John Birkhede, 
 
 Robert 
 
 (I) See Dart's Antiquities of Canterbury. 
 (m) See Charters in Archives of the College. 
 () Thomas Chichele was grandson of William 
 
 the
 
 Robert Danvers, and John Wraby. He SECT. 
 
 left likewife an annuity of feven pounds u. , 
 
 to be paid by the college to the prior 
 and convent of Canterbury; who in re- 
 turn bind themfelves to perform mafies 
 for his foul, and to light up wax candles 
 before his fepulchre (o). 
 
 the archbifliop's brother, and was collated to the arch- 
 deaconry i4th of December 1433. 
 
 Stemmat Chichel. preft 
 
 .Richard Andrews has been already mentioned. 
 
 John Birkhede appears to have been fteward to the 
 archbifhop. He was admitted a brother of the col- 
 lege in 1465, and as fuch became intitled to the be- 
 nefit of their prayers and other fpiritual exercifes. 
 
 jft Regifter, fol. ji and 19. 
 
 John Wraby was entrufted with feveral fums for 
 the payment of the workmen during the building of 
 the college, and is mentioned in the lift of its bene- 
 faaors. 
 
 Rationarium Fund, and Deeds in the Archives. 
 
 Robert Danvers was a feoffee to the archbifhop. 
 Of W m Byconyll no mention is made but as executor. 
 
 (o) From Charters in the Archives. 
 
 M '* WE
 
 '66 
 
 WE have now feen Chichele in the 
 feveral fituations in which a long and 
 active life placed him. It is from his 
 conduct in thefe that we are to colled; 
 his character. Of the early part of his 
 life we know little more, than that his 
 acquirements in it are indifputable 
 proofs of his not having pafled it unpro- 
 fitably. 
 
 As he grew into public notice by 
 flow and gradual advances, his talents 
 had time to acquire their full ftrength 
 and maturity before they were brought 
 in^o ufe : and it is to this circumftance 
 probably that he owes the uninterrupted 
 courfe of his fuccefs in the management 
 
 of
 
 of repeated negotiations. As he was SECT. 
 able to acquit himfelf in thefe important \ __ ^^, 
 commiflions with the favour of his fo- 
 vereign, and the approbation of his 
 country, we may infer, that he poflefled, 
 betides extenfive erudition, clear difcernr 
 ment, fertility of refources, folid judg- 
 ment, and cool perfeverance, recom- 
 mended by general urbanity and politenefs 
 of manners. If we view him in the 
 difcharge of his ecclefiaftical office, we 
 mall find him to have been a man of un^- 
 diflembled piety, and who bore a lincere 
 affection to the church. If his religion 
 was tinctured with the fuperftition of 
 the times in which he lived, we fhoulcj 
 recoiled:, that in paffing judgment on 
 the characters of men, we ought to try 
 ^hem by the maxims and principles of 
 their own age. 
 
 M
 
 [ '68 ] 
 
 FULLY perfuaded of the truth of thofe 
 doctrines which the catholic church pro- 
 fefled, he maintained them with confci- 
 entious zeal. He knew the danger of 
 innovation, and was vigilant to reprefs 
 it ; but he does not at any time appear 
 to have been actuated by the fpirit of 
 perfecution *. 
 
 THOUGH warmly attached to the au- 
 thority of the fee of Rome in fpiritual 
 matters, and even to its exercife of civil 
 rights founded on ancient ufage, he ilill 
 flrenuoufly fupported the liberties of the 
 Englim church, and never forgot the 
 
 * It fhouldbe remembered, that when in his pro- 
 vincial fynods he condemned feveral perfons for hold- 
 ing heretical tenets, he did it in his judicial capacity, 
 not as an act of his own; the law of the realm had 
 fixed the punifhment, he only pronounced the fentence 
 of that law. 
 
 refpecl
 
 [ 169 ] 
 
 refpeft due to the laws and conftitution S E c T. 
 of his country. Thus the doctrines and *~ - .. 
 the privileges of the church were guard- 
 ed by him with fcrupulous fidelity ; and, 
 in whatever light we fee his religion, 
 there will fcarcely be two opinions con- 
 cerning his integrity. 
 
 OF his benefactions a particular account 
 has already been given ; and if in fum- 
 ming up his character, to excellent na- 
 tural abilities, liberal accomplimments, 
 and ftridl piety and integrity, we add a 
 charitable and benevolent heart, we fhall 
 not be guilty of exceflive or blind par- 
 tiality to his memory. 
 
 APPENDIX,
 
 APPENDIX, 
 
 APPENDIX, NI, 
 
 MS. Lamb. N 211. 
 
 Ex epiftolarum Thorna? Becklngton, 
 
 Libro fol. 53. 
 
 jE^>z/?0/tf HENRICI CHICHLEY, Cant.Ar- 
 chiepifcopi, ad Pap am. 
 
 POST humiliores quas ulla creatu- A p 
 rarum Domino fuo praeftare poterit 
 gbedientir.s, ac terrse ofcula ante pedes, 
 dimittite me, beatiifime pater, ut plan- 
 gam paululum dolorem meum antequam 
 vadam, ut reqogitem annos meos in ama- 
 ritudine animae meas. Non irafcatur 
 quaefo fandtitas veftra, fi, cum pulvis et 
 
 cinis
 
 [ '7* I 
 
 A p p. cLnis fim, domino meo loquar. Loquar 
 u, . v -^ quidera, quoniam ipfa fides, quam fem- 
 per in dulciffima benignitate veftra repo- 
 fui, nequaquam finit, ut quas corde gero 
 a facie patris abfcondam. Pater benig- 
 niffime, pofleaquam plufculum quam fex 
 annos in adminiftratione Menevenfis ec- 
 clefiae coniummavi, viginti jam et o<5to 
 funt anni, quod fandam fedem Cantua- 
 rienfis ecclefiae, licet minifter indignus, 
 prout ex alto mihi datum eft, vexi ; et 
 nunc odtogenarius aut circiter vigefli- 
 mum nonum minifterii di<ftse metropoli- 
 tieae fedis annum ingredior, multis qui- 
 dem oneribus et curis, quae faeculo meo 
 humeris meis portavi, fradtus atque fk- 
 tigatus. Laus Deo viventi, qui in hanc 
 ufque annofam aetatem vivere mihi dede- 
 rit, in qua me poffum in finum meum 
 eolligere, in qua, fpretis omnibus mundi 
 curis, meipfum intueri curareque poflim. 
 
 Imperfedum
 
 [ '73 1 
 
 Imperfe&um meum fatis jam vident oculi 
 mei. Onuftus quidem, grandaevus, in- 
 firmus atque fupra modum debilis, ego 
 nunc fum, pater beatiffime, ita ut, ex 
 nunc maxime atque confertiffime quam 
 gefii et gero curae, impar omnino et impos 
 atque ineptus officiar. Pro falute igitur et 
 falva deinceps cuftodia ovilis mei immo 
 veftri, pro falute mea et quiete animas 
 deinceps meae, hanc mihi gratiam ex 
 benignitate veftra provolutis genibus 
 pofco, hanc humillime deprecor et vo- 
 tis omnibus concupifco, ut beatitudo 
 veftra fenii quo premor, impotentiasque 
 ac invalitudinis mea2, miferta, non am- 
 plius ad id quod utiliter quod commode 
 fubire nequeo onus alligatum me teneat. 
 Det ipfa mihi miferatio veftra in facras 
 manus apoftolicas liberam cedendi licen- 
 tiam, det fpatium refpirandi, det tempus 
 (ut primb exorfus fum) ut plangam pau-' 
 ! lulum
 
 . '74 ] 
 
 lulum dolorem meum, antequam vadam,' 
 et recogitem annos meos. Revolvarri 
 numerum dierum meorum, ut fciam quod 
 deiit mihi. Paucitas quidem dierum 
 meorum finitur brevi. Remitte mihi 
 igitur, pater fan&iffime, ut refrigerer 
 priufquam abeam et amplius non ero. 
 Hxc cogor in confcientia, fan&iffime 
 pater, idcirco petere, idcirco defiderare, 
 ne, ultimis diebus his meis, et in hoc 
 JEVO imbecillitatis atque extremae debili- 
 tatis mes, pro defedlu paftoris idonei, 
 qui valeat et velit invigilare fuper gre- 
 gem fuum, ampla nimis provincia Can- 
 tuarienfis luporum, quod abfit, exponatur 
 moribus - f neve fan&a fedes ilia, qux fe- 
 des fan&orum efle confueverat^ injuriam 
 aliquam periculurnve aut grave aliquod 
 difpendium per incuriam patiatur. Pof- 
 tremone videam oculis aliquando meis 
 ifigrata quavis oblivione, incuria feu ne-
 
 [ '75 J 
 
 gle&u fponfam hanc fan&am, quam tan* A P P, 
 to tempore fub gratia fedis apoftolicae A ^ 
 giibernavi, jam viduam diu aut defertam 
 felinqui ; en facio quod eft meum, et 
 fidenter ac fecure in teftimonio confcien- 
 tise meas cariflimum fratrem meum Jo- 
 hannem Bathon. epifcopum, regni Ang- 
 lias cancellarium, ut patrem maxime me- 
 ritum, et pro utilitatibus didlae iandiafi 
 fedis, fi univerfa virtutum dona, quae in 
 eo concurrunt, quaeque non dubito fanc- 
 titati veftrs nota effe debent, penfentur, 
 fumme necefTarium, ad praelidentiam 
 ejufdem fandaa fedis beatitudini veftrae 
 humiliter recommendo. Profedto fi, prae- 
 ter eminentem fcientiam fuam et casteras 
 virtutum dotes, quibus faciliter reliquos 
 fiiperat, nobilitatem fanguinis, potentiarri 
 amicorum neceiTariorumque fuorum, ac 
 hofpitalitatis gratiam, in di(5to p'atre 
 probe attendimus - f fi devotioriem, fidem, 
 2 obedientiam,
 
 f 176 ] 
 
 A p p. obedientiam, zelum, et follicita qua; 
 
 i_- T _ fanctaa fedi Romans atquc almae perfona? 
 fanclitatis veftras femper devote ante haec 
 fecit et jugiter facit obfequia, pro con- 
 fervatione honoris dignitatifque veflrae ac 
 jurium et libertatum praedidts fedis, be- 
 ne conlideramus ; non puto facile inve- 
 niri pofle, qui ufquequaque in aptitudine, 
 habilitate et merito, ad tantum regimen 
 commode fubeundum meritis fibi poffit 
 aequari. Commifi demum, benigniffime 
 pater, fecreta quondam induilrias atque 
 fidei dilecti mihi in Chriflo magiftri 
 Thomae Chapman veftrae beatitudinis 
 
 -^ referenda. Et quasfo eadem 
 
 beatitudo audientiam donare et fidem. 
 Oro quoque, et inceffanter orabo dum vi- 
 vam, ipfam beatitudinem veftram inco- 
 lumem et falvam in multa confervet fe- 
 cula, qui omnem dat falutem et falvat 
 fperantes in fe. Script, fub annulo 
 
 S. Thomae
 
 t 177 i 
 
 8. Thomae martyris in maherio meo A P P. 
 
 de Lambeth mentis Aprilis die decima t v 
 anno Dom* M cccc XLII* 
 
 Preces Regie? Domino Papa tranfmijfe 
 pro eadem admlttenda rejignatione, et 
 commendatw magna ipjius patris et fui 
 regimlnis pro temporefua incumbent i&. 
 
 f-54- 
 
 M omni devotione filiali humil- 
 lima recommendatione praemifll, 
 fandtiffime pater> ipfum quod agrefluri 
 jam fumus negotium magnum certe at- 
 que mirabilem intra nos conflidhim parit. 
 Adeo ut, propter pugnantes in mente 
 caufas, idipfum quod devote petituri fu- 
 mus velle et non velle videri poflumus, 
 Neque rnirum: dum enim ad varias con- 
 N fiderationes
 
 fideratkmes animum flectimus, in contra- 
 rias pene trahimur voluntates. Ecce 
 enim affidue et inceiTanter nos rogat, et 
 maximis precum inftanter defatigat, antif- 
 tes et Deo et nobis cariflimus, devotif- 
 fimus films verier, Henricus Cant. Ar- 
 chiepifcopus, ut pro impetranda apud^ 
 fandtitatem veflram fuae dignitati curas 
 Archipontificali in facras manus veftras 
 cedendi licentia,. precibus fuis addamus 
 et noftras. In iftam facile fententiarn 
 pietas et compaffio grandaevitatis 4ebili~ 
 tatifque fuas nos trahunt. In adverfum 
 verb utile ac fumme laudabile et pacifi- 
 cum Temper regimen.,, quo a primo limine 
 ingrefius fui, jam viginti et oto funt an- 
 ni, provinciam fuam rexit, nos mo vet. 
 Profecto nullis unquam temporibus fe- 
 dem Cant, ecclefiae occupare vifus eft, 
 qui facro-fanctas Romans eccleiiie et 
 praefidentibus in ea^ atque fancliffimas 
 
 perfbnas
 
 t 179 ] 
 
 perfonae veftrjE, dignitatique et honor! A p p. 
 ejufdem, fidelior aut devotior extiterit; < "-J 
 neque quifquam qui benignior pater 
 fuerit, aut benignius, fuavius, dulcius, 
 tranquillius, provinciam illam modera- 
 verit. Sed vincit nos pietas. Dum enim 
 -maximam feneftutem, et, qua? Temper fe- 
 nio cognata eft, debilitatem hujus carif- 
 fimi patris contemplamur ad oculum, 
 miferatione quadam interiora noftra li- 
 quefcunt ; et cum jam onus tants curas 
 per tot annorum curricula, ita ut jam vi- 
 geffimus nonus annus tranflationis fuae ad 
 fedem praefatam in foribus aftet, probif- 
 {ime geflerit ; neque alium quempiam 
 pene meminerimus qui fedem S. Thomas 
 tot rexerit annis -, juftum plane et bene 
 congruum atque Deo placabtle judica- 
 mus, quod jam parcatis astati, ut vel 
 aptum aliquod fpatium refpirandi, et 
 fancl:o fe otio conferendi, aliquando ha- 
 N 2 beat,
 
 [ i8o ] 
 
 A P P. beat, qui in laboribus, in vigiliis, in 
 i v-J serumnis, tantas curas, tanti oneris, tot 
 fascula trivit. Propterea, benignimme 
 atque clementimme pater, rem hanc 
 quam poftulat exaudire dignemini, ut 
 vel in fenectute bona ex nunc pace frua- 
 tur, qui omni fseculo fuo omnibus pacem 
 dedit. Precamur demum, quatenus, con- 
 cefla hujufmodi cedendi licentia, quam.- 
 primum cemo ipfa fuerit per fanditatem 
 veftram admilTa, de portione congrua ex 
 praefata Cant, ecclefia didlo reverendim- 
 mo patri annuatim quoad vixerit red- 
 denda, de qua ftatum fuum honorifice 
 fuflentare queat, cum nullum aliunde 
 patrimonium nofcatur habere, eadem 
 fanclitas veftra providere velit : quodque 
 de memorata Cantuarienfi, necnon Ba- 
 thon et Sarum ecclefia, juxta deliberatio- 
 nem mentis noftrae in certis aliis noflris 
 defuper confcriptisliteris,et fecreto noflto
 
 aquilae figneto fignatis apertis declara- 
 tam, quas dile&us et fidelis procurator 
 nofter, M.Andreas Hole, eidem fanditati 
 veftras praefentaturus eft, et nullo aliter 
 modo, ipfa beatitude veftra, ad benignos 
 et praecordiales rogatus hos noftros, or- 
 dinet atque difponat. Et almam perfo- 
 nam ejufdem fandlitatis veftras, omnipo- 
 tens Pater, in multa oramus faecula falvam 
 et incolumem ecclefise fua2 confervare 
 dignetur. Scriptum apud caftrum nof- 
 trum de Wyndefora, fub figneto noftro 
 vicefima quarta die Aprilis anno Domi- 
 ni MCCCCXLII. 
 
 N 3 A P P E N-
 
 APPENDIX, N' II. 
 
 Excufatio Cantuarlenjls Archiepifiopi fu~ 
 per Dilatione et Criminatione ejufdem 
 fer JEmnlosfuos Pa 
 
 A P P. TTJEATISSIME pater, &c. mifera- 
 in in, IL^J -*-^ bills mundi in maligno pofiti in- 
 faelix iila conditio ubique pene inolita 
 eft, ut obtred:atorum malitia venenofos 
 invidiae fua? flimulos fuperba quadam 
 praefumptione exerceat in majores - y et 
 quanto innocentioris funt vitae, potiorif- 
 que authoritatis et fidei refplendeant dig- 
 nitate, tanto crudelius celebrem eorum 
 opinionem ferpentinis a tergo quaerunt 
 ct fatagunt morfibus lacerare. Quocun- 
 que me verto, quantumlibet bene gefta 
 JQ componam,
 
 t 183 ] 
 
 componam, mordaces canum hujufmodi 
 dentes excipio ; et, quod durum eft, 
 quicquid ftudiofe et cura pervigili conor 
 in bonum id totum perverfa interpreta- 
 tione in contrarium tranfponunt, qui 
 fupra dorfum meum fabricant affidue 
 pifcatores. Nuper liquidem, benignif- 
 fime pater, non abfque cordis amaritudi- 
 ne pro maxima, audivi et didici, quod 
 quidem Jacobus, dudum cum litteris 
 fanclitatis veftra ad dominum noftrum 
 regem et reverendimmum in Chrifto pa- 
 trem et dominum D. Cardinalem Anglian 
 ab eadem fanditate tranfmiflus, ea qua? 
 ego et casteri quidem in regno cum omni 
 maturitate et circumfpecTione optimo 
 more noftro agere nifi fumus, prave 
 interpretans, et valde male reportans, 
 non erubuit etiam in facra beatitudinis 
 veftrae audientia fuggerendo pervertere et 
 pervertendo fuggerere, licet falfb, quod ubi 
 N 4 clerus
 
 [ 1 84 ] 
 * F * clems Anglias in extirpationc haeretico- 
 
 J.1* 
 
 -Y -> rum Bohemiae quoddam notabile fubfi- 
 dium concumfTet, confrater meus Ebo- 
 racenfis et ego caeterique epifcopi de re- 
 gis concilio exiftentes, votum ipforum 
 in hac parte confpiravimus et procuravi- 
 mus impedire ; tam fanctam et toti 
 Chriftianitati profuturam fidei expeditio- 
 nem quantum in nobis extitit irrumpen- 
 do ; quodque idem confrater meus et 
 ego, cum certis praelatis ad regis conii- 
 lium affumptis, csteros de concilio do- 
 minos temporales conducimus prout li- 
 bet ^ et breviter, quod nemo crederet nifi 
 infaniret, quod nos totum regnum Ang- 
 liae, ut volumus, gubernamus. Appo- 
 fuit peccare adhuc ille arrofor meus, et, 
 quod nefandum eft impudenter afierere, 
 quod faepe dicl:us confrater meus et ego in 
 Anglia libertatum ecclefias praemaximi 
 oppreflbres. Benignifiime pater, non- 
 
 nunquam
 
 mmquam, cum tot tantifque semulorum A p p. 
 ktratibus infeftor, et oblocutionibus in- u^ y . 
 volvor, longe amplius mente confterna- 
 rer ; nifi Deus et confcientia, immo et 
 ipfe mundus, affifterent innocentiae meae 
 teftes ; nifi infuper fatis adverterem, 
 quod nil praeter folam miferiam fit invi- 
 dia cariturum. Nuper detraxere mihi 
 majores. Nunc autem per inferiores de- * 
 trahor et diftrahor in immenfum - y et ta- 
 men in his omnibus non peccavi, fed 
 conftanter in cunctis quas mendaces viri 
 conati funt mihi impingere, meam au- 
 deo innocentiam ja&itare, et eandem tarn 
 regis quam omnium fide dignorum regni 
 teftimonio edocere. Immo et ipfas rei 
 geftae veritas fe loquitur, ie oftendit. 
 Nihil equidem in negotio praefati fubfi- 
 dii fa<ftum eft omnino abfque confcientia 
 reverendiffimi patris cardinalis praedidti, 
 cujus confilio et aflenfu dirigebantur 
 
 omnia
 
 [ 186 ] 
 
 A p p. omnia quas fiebant. Cum etenim, colla- 
 u _ T .L x . tis in unum arduis, primo fidei, deinde 
 et regni negotiis, devotus clerus hinc 
 veftris contra perfidos Bohemos, hinc 
 regiis contra infurgentes et malignantes 
 in injuriam coronae fuse urgeretur prae- 
 ceptis ; refponfumque fuiflet per confi- 
 lium domini noftri regis, quod in tanta 
 regni neceffitate idem dominus cardinalis 
 vel gentibus de Anglia vel folis pecuniis 
 eligeret contentari ; cum deliberatione 
 dixit fe magis hac vice gentibus indi- 
 gere, et de his velle fan<5titati veftrae am- 
 plius complaceri : et idcirco ne defideria 
 fancl:itatis veftras efFedu fruftrarentur ac- 
 commodo, de advifamento dicli domini 
 cardinalis convocationem in eo quo tune 
 ilatu erat continuavi ufque in et ad craf- 
 tinurn S. Luca? proxime fecuturum : ut 
 interim praefato domino cardinali de gen- 
 tibus expedite, poffet tune liberius de 
 
 fubfidio
 
 fublidio abfque didse expeditionis impe- 
 dimento concludi, et veftras fandlitatis 
 bene placitis inferviri. Hasc, pater bea- 
 tiflime, dilationis caufa extiterat ; de qua 
 idem dominus cardinalis toti tune clero 
 promiferat, fe velle per fcripta fua beati- 
 tudinem veftram fideliter informare. 
 
 A P P E N-
 
 APPENDIX, N'lII. 
 
 Letter of Archbifoop Chichele to King 
 Henry. 
 
 From A. Duck's Life. 
 
 A P P. OOVEREYN Lord, as your humble 
 ^-^j ^-S Preft and devout Bedeman, I recom- 
 mand me to your Hygnefle, defyreing 
 evermore to heare and knowe of your 
 gracious fpeed, hele of body and of 
 foule, alfo my Lordys your brethren and 
 all your royal hofte. And as hertly as 
 I can, or may thanke Almightie God and 
 Lord of all ftrengths and hoftes that fo 
 graciouily hath continued his mygty 
 hond upon you lythen the time of your 
 beginning hedirtoward into your moft 
 
 worfhip,
 
 worfhip, your Leige menys moft hertly A p p. 
 gladneile, and abating of the hy pride of ._ _^L_j 
 your enemies. And befech God both 
 day and night with all your fubgetts 
 both fpirituel and temporel fo continue 
 his hy Grace upon you and yowre that 
 the mow come to the effect of your hy 
 labor, pees of both your regmes after 
 your hertly defires. Gracious Lord like 
 it to remember you that be your mofi 
 worthie letters written at your towne of 
 Caen xxv. day of September you charged 
 me, that be the avys of my Lord your 
 brother of Bedford, and of your Chaun- 
 celer fholde be ordeygned that all maner 
 of men of your fubgets wat aflaat or 
 condicion that thei were mould abftyne 
 letter of wrytes or purfuit making to 
 the Pope after his election, till the time* 
 that he have written to you, and ye againe 
 
 to
 
 3 
 
 A P P. to him, as it hath be acuftumed of ho- 
 ~Lj nefte of your lond for the which caufe 
 
 neither I, nor non odir man as ferforth 
 as it may be knowe, hath yit written 
 nor fent, ne no leve hath of pafl'age to 
 the Cowrte, wow it fo be that many 
 lych af London to purfue to my Lord 
 your brother, your Chaunceler, and your 
 Counfeil for to have leve and letters of 
 paflage. Werfore Soverain Lord my 
 Lord your brother charged me write 
 to you, and in as miche as* your letter 
 forfeid was direct to me, to wite, in 
 wat wife we fhol governe us hereafter, 
 for if ye have refteyned our holy faders 
 letters, or written to him it is unknowen 
 to us unto this time. Like it therefore, 
 gracious Lord, to write to my Lord 
 your brother in wat maner wife this ma- 
 tier fchal be governed hereafter. 
 
 Forthermore
 
 Forthermore gracious Lord, of trowth A P p. 
 that I am bound to you be my ligeaunfe, <- ..,- j 
 and alfo to quite me to God, the chirch 
 of your lond, of the wich God and, ye 
 gracious Lord, have maked me governor, 
 howeth to open to you this matier that 
 fuyeth, of the wich I have herd privily, 
 but now it is more opend, and in fuch 
 wife that credence mold bee yive to by 
 refon ; that is to feyne, that my brother 
 of Winchefter mold be maked a Cardi- 
 nal, if ye wold give your afent thereto, 
 and that he mold have his Bimoprich in 
 comende for terme of his life, and therto 
 fcave a flat, and fent to your rengme of 
 Yngland as a legat a latere, to the wich 
 manier of legacie non hath be acuflumed 
 to be named but Cardinals, and that le- 
 gacie alfo to ocupie thorgh all your obey- 
 faunce, and all the time of his life. So- 
 vereyn Lord and moil Chriftien Prince, 
 
 what
 
 what inftanfe fchall be maad to your 
 HignefTe for this matier, I wot not, but 
 bleffyd be Almightie God undir your 
 worthie protection, your Chirche of 
 Yngland is at this day, I dare boldly fay, 
 the mooft Honorable Chirche Chriftien 
 as weel as devin fervife, as honeft living 
 thereof, governed after ftreit lawes, and 
 holy conftitutions, that be maad of hem 
 withowten any gret exorbitaunfes, or any 
 thing that migt torne to hy fklaundre of 
 your forfeid Chirch, or of your lond, 
 and if any trefpafes of mannys frelte fall- 
 eth we may be core&id and puniflied by 
 the Ordinaries there as the caas falleth. 
 But wat that this offis of legacie to be 
 ocupied in the forme aforfeid, and fuich 
 comendis of Bifhopriches not ufed in 
 your holy Aunfetres time here afore, 
 wold extend to, or gendre ageines the 
 good governanfe of your fubgets, in your 
 
 hy
 
 ny wisdom I triil to God ye will confi- A.p p. 
 
 III. 
 der. And forafmich as ye fchal be en- v^. v -.j 
 
 formid what the office of fuych manier 
 of legacie extendith to; and appyly your 
 Clerkys have not in minde, for it hath 
 flielde be feyn* and have not alle here 
 bookys with hem pleynly to enforme 
 you in this time of your grete labor, I 
 fend you a fcrowe writen with inne this 
 letter conteyning that is exprefled in the 
 Popis lawe, and fully concludyd be Doc- 
 tors. And over that what he may have 
 in fpecial of the Popis grace no man 
 wot, for it ftond in his wille to difpofe 
 as hym good liketh. And be infpec- 
 tion of lawes and cronicles was there 
 never no Legat a latere fent in to no lond, 
 and fpecially into your rengme of Yng- 
 land withowte grete and notable caufe. 
 And thei whan thei came after thei had 
 O done
 
 [ '94 ] 
 
 A P P. done her legacie abiden but lytul wyle, 
 
 _ - T -_ not over a yer, and fumme a quarter, or 
 
 two monethes, as the nedes requeryd : 
 
 And yit over that he was tretyd with,. OF 
 
 he cam into the lond whon he fchold 
 
 have exercife of his power, and how 
 
 myche fchold be put in execucion. An 
 
 aventure after he had be refeyved he 
 
 whold have ufed it to largely to greet 
 
 oppreffion of you-r peple. Wherefore 
 
 mooft CriiHen Prince and Sovereyn 
 
 Lord, as your trewe Preeft, whom it hath 
 
 lyked you to fette in fo hy aftaat, the 
 
 wych with owte your gracious Lordmip, 
 
 and fupportation I know my felf infuf- 
 
 , ficient to ocupie. befeche you in the; 
 
 mooft humble wyfe that I can devife or- 
 
 thenke that ye wile this matier take ten- 
 
 dirly at herte, and fee the flaat of the 
 
 Chirche be meyntenid and fufteynid, fo 
 
 that
 
 [ i95 I 
 
 that everich of the Minifters theroffe 
 hold hem content with her owne part : 
 for trewly he that hath leeft hath inow 
 to rekene fore : And that your poore 
 pepul be not pyled, nor oppreflyd with 
 diverfe exactions aadunacuftumed, thorgh 
 wych thei fchold be the more feble to 
 refrefche you owre liege Lord in time of 
 nede and when it lyketh you to clepe up 
 on hem, and alle plees and fklaundre cefe 
 in your Chirche. 
 
 Towchinge cure holy fadir the Popis 
 Ambamat that late cam in to your lond, 
 I wot wel my Lord your brother wryt- 
 eth to you pleynly, and alfo of odir gp- 
 Vernance of your lond, the wych bleffed 
 be God ftond in good quiet pees and 
 refte withowte any grete ryotis or de- 
 batys and al your trewe peple have her 
 herys opyn to here good tydinges of you 
 O2 and
 
 [ '96 ] 
 
 A p P. and continuely pray for your profperitc 
 \ yn i* and al yowrys, the wych Almighty God 
 graunte for his mercy Amen, wry tea 
 at Lambyth vi day of March. 
 
 Your Preft. H. C. 
 
 Indorfed, Au Roy nojlre Souverem, S. 
 
 APPENDIX,
 
 t 197 J 
 
 APPENDIX, N" IV. 
 
 H 
 
 I . Charta Fundationis. 
 
 ENRICUS Dei gratia rex An- A * p - 
 
 glias et Franciae et dominus Hi- 
 bernise omnibus ad quos praefentes liters 
 pervenerint falutem. Supplicavit, nobis 
 venerabilis pater Henricus Chichele Can- 
 tuariae archiepifcopus, totius Anglic pri- 
 mas et compater nofter, per cujus manus 
 facri baptifmatis lavacrum fufcepimus, 
 jncrementum cleri regni noftri Anglias 
 jdefiderans, qui in prasfentiarum nofcitur 
 plurimum defeciflej ut nos cuftubus 
 fumptibus et expenfis fuis propriis quod- 
 3 dam
 
 I 198 ] 
 
 A p p. dam collegium perpetuum de uno cuf- 
 u~y tode et fcholaribus in Oxonia ac in uni- 
 verfitate ibidem ad ftudendum et orandum 
 pro falubri ftatu noftro et iplius compa- 
 tris noftri dum vixerimus, et animabus 
 noftris qum ab hac luce migraverimus, 
 ac animabus clariffimi principis Henrici 
 nuper regis Angliae patris noftri, Tho- 
 mas nuper ducis Clarenciae avunculi nof- 
 tri, ducum, comitum, baronum, mili- 
 tum, armigerorum et aliorum nobilium 
 et fubditorum iplius patris noftri et nof- 
 trorum, qui temporibus et obfequiis ip- 
 fms patris noftri et noftri in guerris 
 regni Francis vitam finierunt, et anima- 
 bus omnium fidelium defunclorum juxta 
 ordinationem ipfius compatris noftri et 
 fucceflbrum fuorum fundare facere et 
 erigere dignaremur : nos fupplicationi- 
 bus ejufdem compatris noftri annuentes, 
 in honore Domini noftri Jefu Chrifti, 
 
 gloriofirlimx
 
 [ 199 ] 
 
 gloriofillimx Virginis Beatae Mariae ma- Apr. 
 tris ejus, et omnium fanctorum Dei, v.^-..^ 
 quoddam collegium perpetuum, fecun- 
 dum harum feriem regendum, de uno 
 cuftode et viginti fcholaribus in di&a 
 villa Oxonke et univerfitate ejufdem 
 manfuris, ad fludendum et orandum pro 
 falubri flatu noftro et ipfius compatris 
 noftri dum vixerimus, et pro animabus 
 noflris cum ab hac luce migraverimus, 
 ac animabus ipiius clariffimi principis 
 patris noftri, Thomas nuper ducis Cla- 
 renciae avunculi noflri, ducum, comi- 
 tum, baronum, militum, armigerorum 
 et fubditorum pr^ediclorum, et animabus 
 omnium fidelium defundlorum, fuper 
 quoddam mefluagium vocatum Berford 
 Hall nuper yocatum Charleflonfyn, fex 
 /hopas et unam plateam vacuam eifdem 
 annexam in Oxonia, fuper quoddam cor- 
 nerum ex appolito finis orientalis eccle- 
 O 4 9
 
 [ 200 ] 
 
 A p p. fiae parochialis Beats Mariae Virginis, in 
 t - r _p vicis vocatis Catftrete et Seint Mary's 
 flreetjcontinentibus longitudinem centum 
 feptuaginta duorum pedum et latitudi- 
 nem centum fexaginta duorum pedum, 
 quae ordinatione ipfius compatris noflri 
 nuper habuimus ex conceffione Thomas 
 Chichele archidiaconi Cantuarias, Henrici 
 Penwortham clerici, et Robert! Danvers 
 feoftatorum, inde ad ufum prasfati com- 
 patris noflri habendum et tenendum no- 
 bis et haeredibus noftris in perpetuum, 
 pro hujufmodi collegio fuper eis con- 
 flruendo, de aflenfu ipfius compatris nof- 
 tri, quem ad fuccefTores fuos Cantuariae 
 archi-epifcopos obpiam intentionemfuam 
 ac nonnullos ejus cuftus fumptus et ex- 
 penfas, quos circa erectionem fundatio- 
 nem et dotationem ejufdem collegii fecit 
 t facere proponit in futurum, tanquam 
 alteros fundatores ejufdem collegii no- 
 - ' minari
 
 jninari vplentes, erigimus, ac tenore prae- 
 ientium fundamus, facimus et ftabilimus, 
 perpetuis temporibus duraturum : Ac 
 Ricardum Andrewe clericurn cuftodera 
 et pro cuftode ipfius collegii, et Thomam 
 Lavenham, Thomam Vange, Thomam 
 Wynterbourn, Robertum Hoo, Thomam 
 Lay, Ricardum Letofte, Willielmum 
 Horneden, Johannem Gygour, Johannein 
 Porter, Walterum Hert, Robertum Kar- 
 rewe, Simonem Hoore, Johannem Ju- 
 lyan, Waltetum Hop ton, Robertum 
 Stephens, Robertum Seborgh, Willi- 
 elmum Overton, Thomam Efton, RU 
 chardum Warde, et Richardum Pen- 
 vyortham, icholares reiiduos ejufdem 
 collegii, per ipfum compatrein noftrum 
 eledtos et ad hoc ailumptos, fecundum 
 ordinationes et ftatuta ip.lus compatris 
 noftri et fucceflbrum fuorum archiepif- 
 coporum Cantuariae regendos, corrigen- 
 
 dos,
 
 f 202 ] 
 
 p P dos, privandos et ammovendos praefeci- 
 '^ mus creavimus et ordinavimus, praefici- 
 mus creamus et ordinamus perpraefentes.. 
 Volentes et concedentes, quod ipfe cuftos, 
 et fucceffores fui cuftodes ejufdem colle- 
 gii, fecundum ordinationes etftatuta prae- 
 tficta eligere, congregare et admittere 
 poterit fibi plures fcholares ufque ad nu- 
 merum quadraginta perfonarum, fecun- 
 dum ordinationes et ftatuta praedidta 
 regendos, corrigendos privandos et am- 
 movendos quos et fucceffores fuos lie 
 ele&os, congregates et admiflbs tanquam 
 fcholares et membra ejufdem collegii 
 fecundum praedidta ordinationes et ftatuta 
 regendos, corrigendos, privandos et am-r 
 movendos, pro nobis et haeredibus noilris 
 volumus et concedimus per praefentes ; 
 ita quod, decedente predicto cuftode, ce- 
 dente, vel eo quacunque de caufa inde 
 amoto feu private, fcholares refidui 
 
 ejufdem
 
 [ 203 ] 
 
 .ejufdem collegii pro tempore ibidem 
 exiftentes, fecundum formam et effedhim 
 ftatutorum et ordinationum prajdidtorum, 
 alterum idoneum in cuilodem et pro cuf- 
 tode ejufdem collegii eligant et eligere 
 poffint, quern in cuftodem et pro cuftode 
 ejufdem collegii per dominum compa- 
 trem noftrum et fucceflbres fuos Can- 
 tuarias archi-epifcopos, et non per nos, 
 neque hasredes noftros, admitti et confir- 
 mari, fecundum ordinationes et ftatuta 
 praedidta regendum, corrigendum, pri- 
 vandum et amovendum tenore prasfen- 
 tium duximus concedendum : et iic 
 decedentibus hujufmodi cuftodibus, ce- 
 dentibus; aut eis quoquo modo exinde 
 privatis aut amotis, in futurum didli 
 fcholares collegii antediclii habeant et ha- 
 bere poffint, juxta ordinationes et ftatuta 
 praedid;a, liberam eledtionem de novis 
 cuftodibus, quos, ut fupra dictum eft, 
 
 admitti,
 
 f 204 ] 
 
 A P P admitti, confirmari,regendoscorrigendos 
 privandos et amovendos, et eos fie in 
 cuftodes eledtos, admiffos, confirmatos, 
 regendos ut praefertur, cuftodes efle per- 
 petuos ejufdem collegii, abfque licentia 
 de nobis vel haeredibus noftris inde pe- 
 tenda feu profequenda, et non alios neque 
 alio modo volumus et coneedimus pro 
 nobis et haeredibus noftris, quantum in 
 nobis eft, in perpetuum. Volentes etiam 
 quod decedentibus vel cedentibus fcho- 
 kribus collegii antedicti, feu eopum ali- 
 quo decedente vel cedente, aut eis vel 
 eorum aliquo exinde privatis vel amo- 
 tis, privato vel amoto in futurum fem- 
 ber habeant didtus cuflos et fuccelTores 
 fui prsedidli in perpetuum, juxta ordina- 
 tiones et ftatuta praedidta liberam eledlio- 
 nem, admiffionem et confirmationem de 
 novis fcholaribus in eorum loco ponen- 
 dis ; quos fie eledtos, admiflbs et confir- 
 matos,
 
 inatos, abfque licentia inde de nobis vel A p 
 
 IV. 
 haeredifrus noftris petenda. vel profe- . _^ T A 
 
 quenda in futurum, et non alios tanquam 
 fcholares et membra effe ejufdem collegii 
 fecundum ordinationes et ftatuta prse- 
 didta regendos, corrigendos, privandos et 
 amovendos volumus et concedimus pro 
 nobis et hsredibus noflris in perpetuum. 
 Volentes ulterius quod cuftos et fchola- 
 res antedidti pro tempore ibidem degen- 
 tes, et eorum fucceffores in perpetuum, 
 Cuftos et Collegium Animarum omnium 
 Fidelium defundtorum de Oxonia nun- 
 cupentur. Et ulterius volumus et con- 
 cedimus, quod cuftos et fcholares collegii 
 antedicli fimul pro tempore exiftentes, et 
 fuccefTores fui, per nomen vel fub nomine 
 cuftodis et Collegii Animarum omnium 
 fidelium defundtorum de Oxonia lint 
 perfonse habiles, capaces et perpetuas ad 
 impetrandum, recipiendum, et ad inqui- 
 
 rendum
 
 [ 206 ] 
 
 A p p. rendum terras, tenementa, redditus, fef-s 
 
 IV. 
 i y.-j vitia, proficua, advocationes ecclefiarumy 
 
 emolumenta, jura et pofTeffiones tempo- 
 ralia et fpiritualia tarn de nobis et hasre- 
 dibus noftris quam de aliis perfonis 
 quibufcunque, licet ea immediate de 
 nobis et haeredibus noftris per fervitium 
 militare aut alio modo quocunque tene- 
 antur habendum, et tenendum eifdem 
 cuftodi et collegio et fucceflbribus fuis 
 in perpetuum. Et quod idem cuftos et 
 collegium et eorum fucceffores in perpe- 
 tuum habeant unum iigillum commune 
 pro negotiis et agendis fuis ferviturum. 
 Et quod ipfi et fucceffores fui per no- 
 men prsedidum implacitare poflint et 
 implacitari, et profequi omni modas cau- 
 fas querelas et adtiones reales perfonales 
 et mixtas cujufcunque generis fint vel 
 nature, et ad refpondendum vel defen- 
 dendum in eifdem coram judicibus fecu- 
 
 laribus
 
 i 207 i 
 
 laribus et ecclefiafticis quibufcunque. 
 Et ulterius damus et concedimus pro 
 nobis et haeredibus noftris diftis cuftodi 
 et collegio et fucceflbribus fuis prsedictis 
 di&a mefluagium fhopas et plateam, tarn 
 pro capella di<5U collegii ac aliis domibus 
 et asdificiis eidem neceflariis, quam pro 
 eorum manfis et aliis neceflariis in et 
 iuper eis conftrtiendis, habendum et te- 
 nendum eifdem cuftodi et collegio et 
 fucceflbribus fuis in liberam puram et 
 perpetuam elemofynam in perpetuum. 
 Et infuper, ad effedlum quod fcholares 
 didti collegii in eruditionibus fuis ac piis 
 eorum orationibus melius manu teneri 
 valeant et fuftentari, conceflimus et licen- 
 tiam dedimus pro nobis et haeredibus 
 noftris quantum in nobis eft prefato ar- 
 chiepifcopo et fucceflbribus fuis prse- 
 di&is, quod ipli, per aflenfum prioris et 
 capituli ecclefise Chrifli Cantuariae pro 
 
 tempore
 
 A r P. tempore exiftentes, advdcationem et ba 
 
 IV 
 i_^l^_r tronatum ecclefiae parochialis de Trenge 
 
 Lincolnienfis diocefeos de provincia 
 Cantuariae, qua? eft de advoeatione e 
 patronatu ipfius compatris noftri, ut de 
 jure archiepifcopatus fui Catituarienfis 
 praedidlij et quse de nobis tenetur in ca-* 
 pite ut dicitur, eifdem cuflodi et collegio 
 ' ct fuccefToribus fuis dare poffint et af- 
 lignare, habendum et tenendum pratfatis 
 cuftodi et collegio et fuccefforibiis fuis 
 in perpetuum, et eifdem cuftodi et colle- 
 gio et fuccefforibus fuis praediclis, quod 
 ipii patronatum et advocationem praedie- 
 tarn a praefato archiepifcopo et iuceeflb* 
 ribus fuis prasdi&is in forma prasdicla 
 recipere, et eccleiiain illam appropriare^ 
 et earn fie appropriatam in proprios ufus 
 tenere poffint fibi et fuccefforibus fuis 
 praedi(5lis in perpetuum.: provifo femper 
 quod vicaria ejufdem ecclefiae, fecundum 
 
 ordinationem
 
 t 209 ] 
 
 ordinationem loci illius diocefani fuffi- 
 cienter dotetur, et quod quaedam com- 
 petens fumma argenti inter pauperes 
 parochianos ejufdem ecclefiae fingulis 
 annis diftribuatur, juxta formam ftatuti 
 inde editi et provifi. Et ulterius, de u- 
 beriori gratia noftra concemmus et licen- 
 tiam dedimus, pro nobis et hseredibus 
 noftris quantum in nobis eft, eifdem 
 cuftodi et collegio et fucceflbribus fuis 
 praedictis, quod ipli et fuccefTores fui 
 perquirere pofTmt terras et tenementa ad 
 valorem trecentarum librarum per an- 
 num, tam de terris et tenementis quae 
 tarn de nobis in capite quam de aliis 
 tenentur, habenda et tenenda eifdem 
 cuftodi et collegio et fucceflbribus fuis 
 praedidtis, pro fuftentatione et eorum vic- 
 tu et veftitu ac aliis neceffariis eorum 
 agendis in perpetuum : dum tamen per 
 P inquifitiones
 
 f 2' 3 
 
 inquifitiones inde in forma debits! capi- 
 endas, et in cancellariam noflram et hasre- 
 dum noftrorum rite retornandas, comper- 
 tum exiftat, quod fieri poffit abfque 
 damno vel prejudicio noftro vel hasre- 
 dum noftrorum, aut alicujus alterius cu- 
 jufcunque: et quod expreffa mentio de 
 valore eorundem mefTuagii, ihopparum et 
 plateae minime fadta eft, feu ftatuti de 
 terris ac tenementis ad manum mortuam 
 non ponendis; feu quod prasdidla advo- 
 catio et patronatus de nobis, ut prcefertur, 
 tenentur in capite, feu aliquo alio ftatuto 
 live ordinatione in contrarium fadtum 
 edito, non obftante. Et hoc abfque aliquo 
 feodo magno feu parvo, aut alio fine quo- 
 cunque nobis aut hasredibus noftris red- 
 dendo vel faciendo pro prasmiflis, vel 
 aliquo praemifTorum. Et ulterius de gra- 
 tia noftra fpeciali, pro nobis et hasredibus 
 
 noftris
 
 t an ] 
 
 hoftris quantum in nobis eft, relaxamus A P 
 
 eifdem cuftodi et collegio et fucceffori- < yl 
 
 bus fuis in perpetuum omnimoda corro- 
 dia, penfiones, annuitates, et alia quac- 
 cunque, quag nos vel haeredes noftri, aut 
 aliquis alius ad noftrum rogatum aut 
 mandatum, nomine fundationis noftrag 
 antedictae, ab eifdem cuftode et collegio 
 et fuccefToribus fuis praedidtis exigere 
 poflumus aut pomnt in futurum; et eos 
 inde quietos effe volumus et concedimus, 
 per praefentes perpetuis temporibus du- 
 raturas. Et ulterius, de uberiori gratia 
 noftra concemmus eifdem cuftodi et 
 collegio et fucceflbribus fuis in perpe- 
 tuum, quod quotiefcunque et quando- 
 cunque collegium illud futuris tempo- 
 ribus de cuftode, per mortem, eemonem, 
 privationem, feu refignationem, aut alio 
 modo quocunque, vacare contigerit, refl- 
 P 2 dui
 
 A p p. dui fcholares ejufdem collegii pro tern- 
 . r ^._f pore ibidem exiftentes habeant et perci- 
 piant omnimodos fru&us, proficua et 
 emolumenta, de terris, tenementis, reddi- 
 tibus, fervitiis, et re&oriis et aliis poflef- 
 fionibus quibufcunque ejufdem collegii, 
 feu eidem collegio fpectantibus, durante 
 hujufmodi vacatione provenientia, fecun- 
 dum ordinationes et ftatuta praedi&a dif- 
 ponenda, quae tempore et ratione hujuf- 
 modi vacationis ad nos vel hsredes 
 noftros pertinent feu pertinere poterunt 
 in futurum, abfque compute feu aHquo 
 alio nobis vel hseredibus noftris inde 
 reddendo. Itaque nos et hosredes noftri 
 ab omni cuftodia, feifina, feu pofleflione 
 ejufdem collegii, autterrarum, tenemen to- 
 rum, reddituum, fervitiorum, recloriarum, 
 et aliarum pofieffionum quarumcunque 
 ejufdem collegii, feu eidem fpectantium, 
 
 durante
 
 f 
 
 durante hujufmodi vacatione, fimus cx- 
 clufi in perpetuum per pfaefentes. In 
 cujus rei teftimonium has literas noftras 
 fieri fecimus patentes, Tefte meipfo apud 
 manerium noflrum de Kenyngton, vice- 
 fimo die Mail, anno regni noftri fexto- 
 decimo. 
 
 Wymbyfti. 
 
 Per breve de private ligillo. 
 
 P 3 A P P E N-
 
 APPENDIX, N* V, 
 
 Bulta JLugenii. 
 
 EUGENIUS epifcopus, fervus fervo^ 
 rum Dei, ad perpetuam rei memo- 
 riam, ex injundto nobis defuper apoftolicae 
 fervitutis officio ad ea libenter intendi- 
 mus, per quas ecclefiae et capellae ac alia 
 ecclefiaftica loca quaelibet, praefertim ad 
 ufum dedit fcientia? litterarum, per quam 
 augmentatur et crefcit religio fidei ChriA 
 tianae, multiplicari valeant, ac in illis ma- 
 jeilas Altiflimi etiam ad fidelium anima- 
 rum falutem in gratiarum benedidionibus 
 collaudetur, fiiiquecultusgloriofinominis 
 [> amplietur 3
 
 amplietur j nuper fiquidem ad fupplica- 
 tionem venerabilis fratris noftri Henrici 
 Chichele, archiepifcopiCantuarienlis, to- 
 tius Anglian primatis, et apoftolicas fedis 
 legati, ere&ionem et fundationem cujuf- 
 dam collegii Animarum omnium fideli- 
 um defunctorum nuncupati, in villa 
 Oxonienfi, Lincolnienfi dioceii, in qua 
 litterarum ftudium viget generale, de bo- 
 nis difti archiepifcopi tune conftrui et 
 a3dificari laudabiliter inchoati et in parte 
 dotati, pro uno cuftode et quadraginta 
 pauperibus fcholaribus didtis, per carifii- 
 mum in Cbrifto filium noftrum Henri- 
 cum regem Anglix illuflrem tune factas 
 ex certa -icientia confirmavimus, aliaque 
 fecimus prout in noftris defuper confec- 
 tis literis plenius continetur. Nos igi- 
 tur, ut in dido collegio cultus divinus 
 ad Altiffimi laudem et gloriam, necnon 
 fidelium animarum falutem, diclique col- 
 P 4 legii
 
 3 
 
 A p p. tegii confervationem et ftatum falubrem, 
 u L_f continue vigeat, quantum cum Deo pof- 
 fumus providere, volentes archiepifcopi 
 praefati, qui alter, cum dicfto rege, funda- 
 tor et patronus exiftit, in hac parte fup- 
 plicationibus inclinari, fibi et cuftodi pro 
 tempore exiftenti, ac praefentibus et futu- 
 ris fociis et fchohribus diU collegii, auc- 
 toritate apoftolica tenore prsefentium. 
 Concedimus pariter et indulgemus, quod 
 ipfi unam capellam feu oratorii domum 
 pro miffis etaliis divinis officiis inibi cele- 
 brandis et audiendis, necnon unum cimi- 
 terium pro eorum ac etiam praefentium et 
 futurorum ipfius collegii preibyterorum, 
 clericorum, familiarium, fervientium, 
 miniftrorum, et perfonarum pro tempore 
 decedentium, corporibus tumulandis, in- 
 fra fepta praediclii collegii, in locis tamen 
 ad hoc congruis et honeftis, conftruere, 
 crigere et ordinare, feu conftrui, erigi et 
 
 ordinari 
 
 9
 
 ordinari, ipfamque capellam per quern- A p ?. 
 cunque maluerint catholicum antiftitem, ^_, % ^ 
 gratiam et communionem apoflolicse fe- 
 dis habentem, dedicare feu facere confe- 
 crari, ac in ea tune conftru&a et confer 
 crata, quotiefcunque de csstero villam 
 praedictam ecclefiaftico interdidto fupponi 
 forfan contigerit, claufis januis, excom- 
 municatis et interdidtis exclufls, non 
 pulfatis campanis, fubmifla voce per fe ac 
 praedidtos aliofque idoneos prefbyteros 
 ac clericos, in fua, ac etiam prasfentium 
 et futurorum familiarium, fervientium, 
 miniftrorum et perfonarum eorundem, 
 prsefentia, dummodo ipfi vel illi caufam 
 interdidlo non dederunt, nee id eis vel illis 
 fpecialiter interdici contigerit, miffas et 
 officia hujufmodi celebrare et celebrari fa- 
 cere ; ipiique cuftos pro tempore, ac pras- 
 fentes et futuri focii, fcholares, prelbyteri, 
 clerici, familiares, miniflri, fervientes, et 
 
 perfonas
 
 pcrfonaeomnes et fmguli/etiamabfque or- 
 dinarii loci, necnon praepofiti et fociorum 
 aula? regalis,ac vicarii parochialis ecclefiae 
 Beatae Maria? ejufdem villas, infra cuj us ec~ 
 clelias parochialis metas collegium hujuf- 
 modi confiflit, pro tempore exiftentium, 
 et aliorum quorumlibet confenfu feu li- 
 centia, tarn interdictis hujufmodi, quam 
 aliis quibuflibet temporibus ac diebus, 
 eafdem milTas et officia in capella feu 
 oratorii domo hujufmodi audire, et, quo- 
 ties expediens fuerit, a fingulis facerdoti- 
 bus idoneis, ad id per ipfum cuftodem de 
 numero fociorum fcholarium vel prefby- 
 terorum prasdicTiorum praefentium et fu- 
 turorum, feu alias pro tempore eligendis 
 ac deputandis, eucarifticas, olei fancli, ac 
 alia facramentalia et eccleilaflica quas- 
 cunque recipere -, necnon idem pro tempore 
 cuftos facerdotes prasfatos ad facramenta 
 et facramentalia hujufmodi, ut prsemitti* 
 
 tur,
 
 [ 219 ] 
 
 tur,miniftrandaquotiesoportuenteligere A r P. 
 ac deputare ; capellam infuper feu domum i^-v j 
 prasfatam, quoties illam per fanguinis 
 effuiionem, aut feminis pollutionem, vel 
 alias quomodolibet violari contlgerit, per 
 fe vel alium facerdotem idoneum, quem 
 duxerit, eligendum, aqua, prius per fimi- 
 lem antiftitem, eandem gratiam et com- 
 munionem habentem, ut moris eft, be- 
 nedidH reconciliare, ipfique facerdotes 
 icramenta vel alia facramentalia hujuf- 
 modi ut prajfertur miniftrare perpetuis 
 futuris temporibus libere et licite va- 
 leant atque poiTmt. Rurfus eifdem auc- 
 toritate ac tenore ftatuimus decernimus 
 et ordinamus, quod de caetero ullo un- 
 quam tempore cuftos, focii collegii, fcho- 
 lares, clerici, fervientes, miniftri, et per- 
 form praefentes et futuri hujufmodi, feu 
 aliquis ex eis, miffas vel alia divina officia 
 ii> didta ecclefia audire, feu illis inibi 
 
 interefle,
 
 [ 220 ] 
 
 A P Pf interefTe, aut facramenta et facramentalia 
 ._ r \_f hujuimodi ab aliis quam a prasfatis pro 
 tempore eleftis facerdotibus fufcipere, 
 feu oblationes vel contributiones quaf- 
 cunque prsepofito aut fociis aulae, vel 
 vicario, praedi&is facere feu exhibere, aut 
 alia onera quaecunque et qualiacunque 
 fupportare, quavis ratione, occafione, vel 
 caufa, minime teneantur, nee ad id per 
 praepofitum, focios aulas, et vicarium, 
 pragdidios, vel eorum aliquem aut alium 
 quemcunque inviti compelli poffint. 
 Pra^terea quod omnia et iingula oblati- 
 ones, obventiones, legata, relidta et do- 
 nata, ac alia emolumenta quascunque, in 
 quibufvis bonis mobilibus et immobi- 
 libus, ac pecuniis et rebus aliis ilia con- 
 fiftant, tarn ratione cuilodis, fociorum 
 collegii, fcholarium, familiarium, fer- 
 vientium, et miniflrorum prasfentium et 
 futurorum prazdidlorum, quam alias quo- 
 3 modolibet
 
 rhodolibet eifdem capellas feu domui A i p. 
 
 V. 
 collegio proventura, abfque eo quod il- i_- T _^ 
 
 lorum vel alicujus eorum media feu 
 quarta aut alia qusecunque pars prsepo- 
 fito, fociis auls&, ecclefise et vicario, prae- 
 di&is, vel aliis quibufvis locis feu per^ 
 fonis, aut eorum alicui, etiam fi ilia eis 
 de jure vel confuetudine forfan tune 
 debita fuerit, perfolvatur feu affignetur, 
 aut folvi vel affignari debeat, ad colle- 
 gium et capellam feu domum, nee non 
 cuftodem pro tempore, ac prasfentes ac 
 futuros focios collegii, et fcholares hu- 
 jufmodi, integre et cum efFe&u fpedent 
 et pertineant, ac fpedtare et pertinere 
 debeant, de illifque cuflos pro tempore, 
 focii collegii, et fcholares hujufmodi, 
 libere difponere, ac ea in fuos et didti 
 collegii ufus utilitatemque convertere 
 poffint, ex nunc eofdem cuftodem pro 
 tempore, ac prsefentes et futures focios 
 
 collegii^
 
 [ 222 ] 
 
 A p P. collegii, fcholares, clericos, miniftros, fer-s 
 u ^,-j vientes, et perfonas a miflarum divino- 
 rumque in di&a ecclefia auditione, feu 
 illis inibi intereffentia, ac facramentorum 
 et facramentalium fufceptione, nee non 
 oblationum feu contributionum exhibi- 
 tione onerumque fupportatione, ac mediae 
 feu quarts vel alterius partis folutione 
 feu affignatione hujufmodi auctoritate 
 praefata harum plenarie eximentes, 
 
 et totaliter liberantes, nee non decernen- 
 tes omnes et fingulos proceflus quofcun- 
 que, excommunicationis, fufpenfionis, 
 ct interdict, aliafque fententias, cenfuras 
 et paenas in fe continentes, quos et quas 
 ac quicquid contra tenorem praefentium 
 forfan haberi feu fulminari contigerit, 
 irrita et inania exiftere, nullitifque ro- 
 boris vel momenti ; non obftantibus fe- 
 licis recordationis Clementis et pre- 
 deceflbris noftri, et aliis apoftolicis, nee 
 
 non
 
 [ "3 ] 
 
 non bonae memoriae Ottonis et Ottoboni, A P P. 
 olim in regno Anglias fedis apoftolicae i_ ,->_ 
 legatorum, ac in generalibus, provincia- 
 libus et fmodalibus conciliis editis, con- 
 ftitutionibus et ordinationibus, ftatutis 
 quoque et confuetudinibus localibus cae- 
 terifque contrariis quibufcunque. Nulli 
 ergo omnino hpminum liceat hanc pagi- 
 nam noftrorum conceflionis, flatuti, con- 
 ftitutionis, ordinationis et liberationis,in- 
 fringere, vel ei aufu temerario contra-ire. 
 Si quis autem hoc attemptare praefump- 
 ferit, indignationem omnipotentis Dei, 
 et beatorum Petri et Pauli apoftolorum 
 ejus fe noverit incurfurum. Dat. Flo- 
 rentias, anno incarnationis Domini mille- 
 fimo quadrageffimo triceffimo-nono, un- 
 decimo kalendarum Julii, pontificatus 
 noftri anno nono. 
 
 Poggius. 
 
 APPENDIX,
 
 
 APPENDIX, N VI, 
 
 A Lift of the Pur chafes and Grants mads 
 for the original Site of the College. 
 
 A P P. r^ERFORD HALL, purchafed of 
 u - y - -> ^-* John Brome fenior and John 
 Brome junior, of Warwick, by Thomas 
 Chichele, Henry Penwortham, and Ro- 
 bert Danvers, I4th of December, i6th 
 of Henry VI ; and granted by the king 
 to the college aoth of May following. 
 
 Skibbowes Tenement, in the High 
 ftreet, purchafed of Roger Skibbowe by 
 Thomas Chichele, John Birkhede, John 
 
 Bold,
 
 [ 225.1 
 
 Bold, and Robert Danvers, 4th of July, A p 
 1 6th of Henry VI -, made over by them u v~ 
 to Henry VI. I3th of January, 2Oth of 
 his reign ; and granted by the king to 
 the college 24th of April in the fame 
 year. It formerly belonged to the mo- 
 naftery of St. John of Scyreburne ; and 
 the referred rent then paid to that mo- 
 naftery has fince, I believe, been paid to 
 Univerfity college. 
 
 Between this tenement and Berford 
 Hall two tenements intervened, one be- 
 longing to the convent of St. Fridefwide, 
 the other to a chantry of St. Mary's 
 church. The former, which joined Ber- 
 ford Hall, was granted by that convent 
 to the college, under a referred annual 
 rent, now payable to the dean and chap- 
 ter of Chrifl Church, by a deed dated 
 nth of September, 2ift of Henry VI. : 
 
 the
 
 [ 226 ] 
 
 A P P. the latter, which belonged to Oriel col- 
 
 c v ~> lege, was granted by that fociety to the 
 
 college of All Souls under a fmall re- 
 
 ferved rent, ift of November, 22d of 
 
 Henry VI. 
 
 Sf. Thomas s Hall, in Cat-ftreet, fitu- 
 ated next to Berford Hall, granted to the 
 college by the convent of Ofney, 1 1 th 
 of September, 2ift of Henry VI. re- 
 ferving an annual rent, now payable to 
 the dean and chapter of Chrifb Church : 
 it was the fite of the chapel, as the deed 
 fpecifies, " fuper quod tenementum ca- 
 " pella collegii antedicli asdincatur." 
 
 : To the north of this, in the fame ftreet, 
 was Berford's Tenement ; it was purcha- 
 fed of Joan the widow, and John the 
 fon of John Berford, by Thomas Chi- 
 chele', John Birkhede, John Druell, and 
 
 Robert
 
 [ 227 ] 
 
 Robert Danvers, 5th May, 17th of Hen- A P p. 
 ry VI. conveyed by them to the king I_^- T -_ 
 1 3th of January ; and granted by the 
 king to the college 24th of April, 2Oth 
 of his reign. 
 
 yngfwick Inn, early alienated by Ni- 
 cholas de Tyngfwyck to the univerfity, 
 and granted by them to the college about 
 the year 1440; as the rationarium fun- 
 dationis, fo often quoted before, men- 
 tions a referved rent paid for it to the 
 univerfity in that year, *' Solut. univer- 
 " fit. pro tenem. vocat. Tyngfwick 
 v Inn." 
 
 Next to this was a tenement belonging 
 to the convent of St. Fridefwyde, and 
 purchafed under one deed, together with 
 another tenement in High-ftreet, men- 
 tioned before, nth September, 2ift of 
 
 Qj?
 
 A p p. Henry VI. upon which two tenements, 
 ^_^ r ^_ f as the deed exprefles, a part of the col- 
 lege was then built; " Super quae duo 
 " tenementa parcella collegii modo con- 
 " flituitur et fundatur." 
 
 THESE feveral tenements contained 
 the original fite of the college, and were 
 all either rented or purchafed at the time 
 of the foundation. 
 
 From MS. abftracl: of charters made 
 by order of Gilbert Sheldon, 
 warden in 1640. 
 
 APPENDIX,
 
 APPENDIX, N'VII. 
 
 THE flone employed in the build- 
 ings of the college was brought 
 from the quarries of Hedington, Teyn- 
 ton, Sherborn, Henxey, and Sunning- 
 well. The woods of Shotover, Stow- 
 wood, Horfham, Eynfham, Cumner, 
 and Beckley fupplied the timber: of 
 
 which 
 
 Without particularly marking the references, I 
 fhall give the following entries from the Ratitna- 
 rium fuKdctionis, in the lame order in which they 
 are alluded to in die text. 
 
 " Lapses empti apud Edyngdon, Teynton, 
 " Sherborn, Sunningwell, Henxey." 
 
 " Pro proftratione arborum in Schottore et Stou- 
 " wode, pro 3 acris meremii querc. empt. in ne- 
 " more de Horfham, pro 6 peciis mertm. querc. 
 
 empt.
 
 A P p. which the king prefented the arch-* 
 1 _ r _ bifhop with twelve trees from his park 
 
 of Beckley, and the abbot of Abingdon 
 
 twenty from Cumner. 
 
 THE workmen were the ablefl that 
 could be procured. Mafons were hired 
 in the fourth year of the building of the 
 college, from London, and the diftant 
 counties of Norfolk and Suffolk : who 
 appear to have been well-fkilled in their 
 art, fince they were foon fent for by the 
 king's mandate, to aflift in repairing his 
 
 caftle 
 
 " empt. in quodam nemore juxta Eynfham. Pro 
 " cariagio de 20 arbor, de dono de abbat. de Abyng- 
 " don in nemore de Cumpnore. Pro cariagio de 
 <{ 12 arbor, dat. per regem in parcode Beckley." 
 
 " Pro expenfis lathomiorum venient. a London, 
 " pro expenfis lathomiorum venient. a Northfolcia 
 " et Southfolcia : ad cariandum harnef. lathomior. 
 " ufque ad Wyndfore per mandatum regis arrefta.- 
 " torum ad ejus reparationem." 
 
 " Solut.
 
 caftle of Windfor. The wages of the ' A p 
 
 VII. 
 different perfons occupied in carrying L _-^~ 
 
 on this work, were, to carpenters and 
 fawyers, fix pence a day mafons, eight 
 pence ftone-diggers and common la- 
 bourers, four pence halfpenny joiners, 
 from fix pence to eight pence dawber, 
 five pence mailer - carpenter, three 
 millings and four pence a- week carvers 
 and image makers, four millings and 
 eight pence a- week, bed and board found 
 them. A woman-labourer, three pence 
 a-day. The windows were glazed at 
 
 one milling a-foot. 
 
 FROM 
 
 u Solut. carpentariis fmgulis capient. per diem 
 " 6d. Solut. farratorib. fmg. capient. per diem 6 d. 
 " Solut. operariis fmg. cap. per diem $- 4 d. Solut. 
 " latomiis per diem 8 d. Solut. lapifodiatori per 
 " diem 4^ d. Solut. egidio joynor per diem 8 d. 
 " alio joynor per diem 6 d. Solut. Johanni Marche 
 " dawber per diem 5 d. Solut. J. Branch carpent. 
 " princip. per ebdomad. 3*. 4</. Solut. John. 
 
 MaiTyngham
 
 t 
 
 FROM this detail of the wages of the 
 mechanic and the labourer, at the period 
 under confideration, they will appear to 
 have been, after allowing for the decreafe 
 of value in money, both from the dimi- 
 nution in the coin, and the great influx 
 of fpecie fince that period, nearly double 
 of what they are at prefent. 
 
 <e Maflyngham. fa&ori imaginum, et kervcr, cap, 
 " per ebdom. 4*. %d. Solut. mulieri 3^. per 
 ' c diem. Solut. Johanni Glafier locato per domin. 
 *' contuas. ad vitrandum 8 feneftras in corpora ca- 
 *' pellae : ad vitrand. unam feneftram in ftudio gar- 
 " diani, ad vitrandum 6 feneftras, minores in na.vi 
 ** capellas per pedem quadratum lid." 
 
 FINIS.