^^ ^^ A SEEIES OF FIRST LE880N8 IN GREEK : ADAPTED TO T.IE SECOND EDITION OF GOODWIN'S GREEK GRAMMAR, AND DESIGNED AS AN INTRODUCTION y EITHER TO GOODWIN'S GREEK READER, OR TO GOODWIN AND WHITE'S SELECTIONS FROM XENOPHON AND HERODOTUS, OR TO THE ANABASIS OF XENOPHON. BT JOHN AYILLIAMS ΛΥΗΙΤΕ, Ph.D., PROFESSOR OF GREEK IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY. V or Οί'κοϋν οίο9 ΟΤΙ αρχή τταντος έργον μέγιστον, αλ%ως τε καΐ νέφ και άτταλύ ότωονν ; — Plat. Eep. II. 377 Α. BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY GINN & COMPANY. l888. ΟοΓΓΕίσπτ, 1880. By JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE. J. S. CusuiNu & Co., I'KiNTEKs, Boston. PEEFAOE. n^HE revision and enlargement of Professor W. W. -'- Goodwin's Gh^'eek GraTumar, republished last year, lias made necessary a new edition of my First Lessons in Greek. I have taken this opportunity to submit the book to a rigorous revision. As the result of this, though the original plan of the Lessons remains unaltered, there has been not a little change in its details. I was aware, when this book was first published in 1876, that its plan necessarily made it more difiicult than books of its kind ordinarily are. I waited, therefore, with interest to see Avhether these diflS-culties, which I had thought it better for the pupil to meet at once in his first year's study and not to defer to an evil day, had been pre- sented so gradually as to make it possible for the Lessons to be used widely in our public schools. That fact was soon established, and I think I may now say that the peculiar features of the book have met with general and hearty approval. Important among these are the intro- duction of the verb from the first and the subsequent de- velopment of its inflexion alternately with that of the other parts of speech, the introduction from the beginning of exercises consisting of complete sentences for practice in translation, and the development of the verb at first by moods and not by tenses. iv PREFACE. I am glad to know tliat this last feature has recom- mended itself to teachers, and that it is now agreed that the point of view of the Grammar, which necessarily states the facts of the language scientifically, looking first to the forms of words and not to their use, is not the one to take in giving the pupil his first insight into the language con- sidered as a means for the expression of thought. An illustration of the truth of this may be drawn from the subjunctive and optative. As was urged in the first edi- tion, the uses of these moods in Greek, though delicate, are nevertheless clearly defined. When the beginner first learns their forms, he should at once have the more com- mon of these uses explained to him. The proposition is the element of language, and from this individual words and forms derive their whole relational significance. But in fact, when the subjunctive and optative are not studied singly but are presented tense by tense along with the other moods, frequently a blind and often incorrect trans- lation of the one by may, etc., and of the other by might, etc., is allowed, as if they were independent in their use like the indicative, a translation in λυΙίΙοΙι the pupil has no adequate feeling of their force. It may be easier to learn the mere forms of the verb by tenses than by moods, a single tense stem being presented at a time, but in the case of a pure verb the changes of stem in the different tenses resulting from augment and tense sign can hardly be called a matter of great difficulty. In this book, therefore, λυω, as the representative of pure verbs, has first been presented by moods. Its development, however, is very gradual, running through sixteen lessons. It has, moreover, been carefully borne in mind in these lessons that λυω is the ty[x>, and any PREFACE. V peculiar euplionic changee in tlie forms of the pure and mute verbs that have been introduced have been explained as they have occurred, generally in the foot-notes. It is at Lesson XXXV. that a systematic development of the verb by tense stems begins, though the subject of tense stems in pure and mute verbs is presented in part in Lesson XX. This part of the book has been enlarged by five lessons, and it is hoped that the verb, that one great difficulty which he \vho would learn Greek may not avoid, is now so fully and yet so gradually presented as to make the mastery of its forms if not easy, at least possible without discouragement. The exercises in immediate connection with the lessons have been taken mainly from the first four books of Xenophon's Anabasis. They are designed from the first as a drill not only on forms but also in syntax, the sim- pler principles of which are early introduced and illus- trated. They consist entirely of complete sentences, each of which illustrates some principle of the lesson in which it occurs. These sentences have been transferred with as little change as possible from the original. It is obvious that it will be a great advantage to those Avho subse- quently read the Anabasis to have previously studied in this careful way so great a part of it. Forms, however, cannot be learned, especially by English-speaking boys, whose own language is almost destitute of inflexions, without constant and recurring practice. To supply ma- terials for this practice there have been added to the lessons, at the end of the book, twenty-five additional exercises on forms to be taken by way of review, as the lessons proceed. In these no attempt has been made to illustrate syntax systematically, and the sentences (for VI PREFACE. phrases have not been admitted even here) have been made as brief as possible, though each introduces one or two, often many, iUustrations of the forms under consid- eration. These additional exercises are drawn from vari- ous sources, but mainly from excellent books for beginners by Bockel, by Schenkl, and by Kiihner. In introducing the syntax, all idioms peculiar to Greek have been carefully explained on their first occurrence, and this explanation has often been subsequently again referred to in the notes ; but idioms identical with the English, as e. g. the infinitive not in indirect discourse, have been freely employed from the first. The first year's knowledge of Latin also has been assumed in introducing constructions. The last twenty lessons are intended to give a drill on the general principles of syntax, and only the largest print of the sections in the grammar cited at the head of the lessons is to be learned. If under any particular construction there is a special fact of unusual difficulty or importance, attention is called to it in the notes. It is recommended that these lessons be taken at the rate of one or two a week in connection with the author whom the class shall have taken up on finishing Lesson LX. It should be added that the English parts of the exercises of these twenty lessons are not designed as a systematic course in Greek Composition. To meet this want, an American edition of Mr. Arthur Sidgwick's First Greek Writer is about to be published, and so the promise of four years ago at length fulfilled. The vocabularies, both special and general, have been made with care and from the point of view of the deriva- tion and compasition of words, on the study of Avhich too great stress can scarcely be laid. Lessons LIX. and PREFACE. vii LX. should be introduced early in parts, and the student taught the habit of' analyzing the words in his exercises to get at their meaning. In the Greek-English vocabu- laries, English \vord3 that are cognate with the pre- ceding Greek words have been printed in small capitals, borrowed words in black letter. The former show the influence of the phonetic principle, familiarly known as GAmms Law. According to this law, ττ and φ will generally appear in English respectively as / and h; Ky γ, and ^, as h, k or c, and g ; and r, δ, and Θ, as th, t, and dj though there are many exceptions. A borrowed word, on the other hand, is one transferred directly with- out consonantal change from Greek into English. This connection between the Greek and English words has not been traced out exhaustively. What is given is intended to be suggestive, and leaves much that may be done by the teacher. The special vocabularies should be well committed to memory. The words in these are taken from sentences in the exercises of the lesson in Avhich they occur, and no word is repeated. In these vocabularies, in the course of the book, the student learns over four hundred Xeno- phontic words in common use. The parts of the verbs have been given, without abbreviation of the forms, from Veitch. Late forms have been excluded, but forms on the other hand occurring exclusively in Homer have been given Λvhen necessary to complete the parts of a verb. When Veitch does not catalogue the verb, only the present imd future are given in the general vocabulary, unless the verb has occurred also in one of the special vocabularies. In the general Greek-English vocabulary, further, the prepositions are now fully treated, the simple stems of the viii PREFACE. verbs and the class to which the verb belongs are given, the cases accompanying the verbs stated where necessar)^, and the natural quantities marked. Tliis last feature is new to this book and unusual in books of this grade. But the conviction has been growing upon me, that we ought, from the very beginning, to mark by our pronunciation the difference between ά, t, and v, and ά, ΐ, and ϋ, just as we do between € and yj, and ο and ω. The pupil's higher work in later years will be made easier if attention is paid to natural quantities from the start. In the English- Greek vocabulary there is no systematic treatment of syno- nymes, which have been given only so far as necessary to guide the pupil in his choice of words. It is scarcely necessary to add that this vocabulary is special, and not designed for use with any other English sentences than those occurrins: in this book. The use of blackboards, extensive enough for the en- tire class, is strongly recommended. The Greek of the English exercises might the first day be put on the borird, and the second day recited orally. By this use of the blackboard, classes are soon initiated into the mysteries of accentuation. The teacher should also, with the ma- terial here given, make other short sentences to be trans- lated, both Greek and English. This additional drill should be mainly oral, and conducted rapidly. We should train not only the eye, but also the ear of our pupils. As to the order of the words in translating the English sentences into Greek, the pupil should be warned against the wrong placing of post-positive and adjective words and phrases, and further against following the English arrangement slavishly. As a general guide he should know that in Greek the subject followed by its modifiers PREFACE. ix stands first, the verb preceded by its modifiers last, tbougb often, as in English, the verb precedes its modifiers either Avholly or in part; but there are many exceptions, and too much attention should not be paid to the matter of the order of the words at first. These English sentences ai^e for the most part translations, and for the satisfaction of teachers who may care to know the original order and choice of the words, the original sentences have been published in pamphlet form, and may be had on applica- tion to the publishers. As is known, Professor Hadley's Greek Ghammar is now undergoing revision. When the ηοΛν edition ap- pears, a companion pamphlet of parallel references will be prepared for the accommodation of those Λvho, using this grammar, would like to use also the materials col- lected in the Lessons. These will not be numerically arranged in columns, but given in sets under the head of each lesson, repeating the references made to Goodwin's Grammar, a method of references, it is believed, as complete and satisfactory as could be desired. It cannot be expected that the book as it stands, with- out omission or division of the lessons, Λνϋΐ meet the wants of all schools. To make the shortening of the lessons, when necessary, easier, the exercises up to the syntax have been divided into four sections, the second and fourth of which need not be taken. The additional exercises on forms also may either be omitted or drawn from on occasion. In general, however, the book had best be taken entire, in the manner prescribed, at such rate of progress as is possible in each particular case. It is believed that ordinarily, excluding the twenty lessons on syntax, it can be completed and the class set to read- χ PREFACE. ing an autlior in two terms of three months each. There Λνϊίΐ be much difference of opinion, also, as to how much introductory matter should be learned before the class proceeds to the subject of inflexion, and on this account this part of the book has not been divided into lessons. The directions at the beginning of each lesson have been made as definite as possible. But it will be well for the teacher to go over each lesson with his class before they undertake it, telling them definitely what to learn and forestalling its greater difficulties. The pleasure remains to me of expressing my grateful thanks to the many friends who have assisted me not only in the preparation of the original edition of this book but also in its revision. Neither undertaking \vas in itself enlivening; but the help and encouragement I have had have done much to lighten what otherwise might have proved a tedious task. The care necessary to free a book of this sort of errors is infinite; and I have no doubt that though I have spared no time or pains with it mistakes remain. These can easily be corrected in the plates, and I shall be under obligations to any one who will point them out. JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE. Haevard University, July, 1880. riEST LESSONS IN GEEEK. FIEST LESSONS IN GEEEK. INTRODUCTORY.! The portions of the Grammar designated by the following numerals are to be well learnt before taking up Lesson I.^ The parts which are here included of § 15, § 16, and § 17 are given that teachers w^ho think it advisable may give their pupils at the outset a compreheyisive view of the Euphony of Consonants, the principles of Λvhich, however, Avill be cited singly in the Lessons as they are needed. Eut these may be omitted, if thought best, until Lesson XVI. is reached. Before any attempt to learn the following paragraphs, the teacher should go over them carefully with the class, pointing out in each case how the examples illustrate the principle. Grammar^: § 1, \vith n. 1, together with the system of pronunciation given on page xi ; § 2, with n. ; § 3, wath n. ; § 4, 1 (with N. 1) and 2 ; § 5, 1 and 2 ; § 6, with 1 and 2, and N. ; § 7, with N. ; § 15, 1 and 2 ; § 16, with 1 (and N. 2), 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ; § 17, 1, 2, and 3 ; § 18, 1 and 2 ; § 19, 1, 2, and 3 ; § 20, with 1, 2, and 3 ; § 21, 1, 2, and 3; §22, land 2; §23, 1; §31. After learning § 1, with the system of pronunciation, give the name and English equivalent of each letter in the folloΛv- ing Exercise. After § 2 and § 3 point out the vowels and diphthongs and give their sounds. After § 5 classify the con- sonants, and after § 6 classify them a second time, minutchj. 3 4 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. After the remainder of the references to the Grammar, point out and name the breathings and accents, and name the words according to their accentuation (§ 21, 2), and then pronounce the Exercise entire. (The hyphelis show the division of the words into syllables according to § 18, N.) Exercise. Κν-ρος Se xpL-Xrjv €-\ων την κ^-φα-Χην et9* την μα-χην κα-σι-στα-το. ι-οων oe αν-τον α-πο του Έλ-λη-νί-κου Β<€-νο-φων ^Α-θη-ναΐ-ο<;, ν-πε-λά-σας ώς^ σνν-αν-τη-σαι^ η-ρβ-το eP τι πα-ραγ-γελ-λοι* ό^ δ'^ €-πί-στη-σας ei-we και \i-yeiv i-Ke-Xev-cre ττα-σιν ο-τι και τα l-e-pa κα-\α και τα σφά-γί-α κα-λά. ταυ-τα δε λ€-γων θο-ρν-βον η-κον-σε δι-ά '^ //- 10 >' \ν '11*/)' η των τα-ξε-ων L-ov -τος, και η-ρ€-το τις ο σο-ρν-ρο<ζ εΐ-η. 6 δε Κλε-α^-^ο? εΐ-πεν ό-τι το σύν-θη-μα ττα-ρερ-γε-ται^ ^εν-τε-ρον η-Βη. καΐ ος ε~θαν-μα- σε τί% πα-ραγ-γελ-\εί και η-ρε-το ο τι ει-η το σνν-Θη-μα. 6 δ' ά-ττε-κρί-να-το ΖΕΤ^ ^Ω-ΤΗΡ ΚΑΙ ΝΙ-ΚΗ. NOTES. * The number of Lessons into which this introductory matter shall be divided is left to the judgment of the teacher. ^ Let the teacher at the outset go over the " Introduction " (pages 1-3 of the Grammar) with the class, using maps. ' Those portions of the Grammar that are to be committed to mem- ory are designated here and in the following Lessons by paragraph and subdivision. Occasionally, however, more specific directions are given. * ^ 29, and ^ 4, 1, N. 1. « § 29. s g 21, 1, N. 2. Μ 22, Ν. 1. * The proclitic cl (§ 29) receives an accent from the enclitic τΐ (§ 27, with 2). ^ That is, St (§ 12, 1). Pronounce as if a part of the following word. '" 2 22, N. 2. " g 23, 1, N. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON I. Preliminary. Grammar : § 32, 1 and 2 (and read the N.); § 33, 1, 2, and 3 (with notes 1 and 2) ; § 88, 1 (with N.) and 2 ; § 89, and N.; § 90, 1 and 2; §91; § 93, 1 and 3; § 78,^ de- clension of the Definite Article 6, rj, τό; § 141 ; § 86, declension of the Relative Pronoun 09, η, δ. NOTE. ' The first column gives the masculine forms ; the second, the femi- nine ; the third, the neuter. See, further, § 29. In declining, give first the forms of the singular across the page, 6 ή το, τον T-qs τον, etc., and then those of the dual and plural. LESSON II. Verbs: Present Indicative Active. Grammar : § 92, 4, I. (reading first § 92, 1 and 3, with N.) ; § 110, 1 ; § 94 ; § 96, 1., the Fresent Indicative Active of λυω, together with the meanhig of this tense (§ 95, 2, L, first column) and its terminatioivs (§ 113, 2, L, first column).^ Tocabulary.2 άΧηθ^υω, -€ΐς, to speak the truth? βασιΚ^νω, -€t9, . to he king, to reign, γράφω, -€ΐς, to write, to GRAVE.* €^€λω, -et9, to wish, to desire. ΙΚαννω, -€i9, to march, λνω, -€t9, to LOOSE, to destroy, πέμπω, -et9, to send. τρέχω, -et9, to run. 6 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Exercises. Translate into English. I. 1. XvovaL,^ 2. βασιλεύω. 3. βασίλενβις, 4. 6 μάνης {soothsayer) αλήθευα. δ. γράφω. 6. γράφετοΊ/.^ 7. λνομεν. 8. εθελει γράφειν? II. 1. ό άνηρ {man) γράφει. 2. πεμπομει/, 3. άληθενευς. 4. λύετε. 5. γράφονσι. 6. εθελει βασυλεύειι^. Translate into Greek• III. 1. He writes. 2. They (two) speak the truth. 3. I clesh-e to run. 4. They send. 5. You (singular) march. 6. He looses. IV. I. You (plural) run. 2. We speak the truth. 3. I Λvrite. 4. We wish to write. NOTES. ' If the teacher thinks best, the subdivision of the terminations into connecting vowels and personal endings can be introduced even here. It is first given in this book in Lesson X., which is a review of the active voice. ^ On the special vocabulary of each Lesson, see the Preface. ' The definitions are given in the infinitive to express the simple meaning of the verb without reference to person or number. "* In the vocabularies the small capitals denote that the English word is of kindred origin with the Greek word. See the Preface for the differ- ence between cognate and borrowed words in English. * TiiEY loose. In the English translation always use the pronoun which is of the same person and number as the verb, provided that no noun-subject occurs. ' You (two), or they (two), write (dual). ' To write, present infinitive active of Ύράφω, the ending being -€tv. 1 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 7 LESSON III. Noims ! Pirst Declension. Grammar : § 34 ; § 35 ; § 36, excei^t the terminations of the masculine singular (and read the Έ.) ; § 25, 1 and 2 ; § 37, 1 (the declensioyi of the first four nouns) and 2, with notes 2, 3, and 4. Yocabulary. Ct9, prep, used with the ace. only, lllto^ to, 4κ,^ prep, used with the gen. only, OUt of, from. έπυστολη, -η<ζ, ύ]^ a lettei% an epistle."* θάλαττα,^ -ης, if, the sea. κρήνη, -ης, η, a spring, κώμη, -ης, η, a village. σκηνή, -ης, η, c tent. χώρα, -ας, η, α country. Exercises. I. 1. €19 την^ -χώραν ί\αννονσι. 2. γράφει ίπιστοΚην. 3. τρ4γρνσιν^ εις την θάλατταν. 4. τάς €πίστο\ας π^ιχττομεν. 5. την σκηνην \ύει (lie de- stroys). 6. eAC^ τ^ν κωμών iXavvcL. Ί. τρεχομεν €19 τας σκηνάς. II. 1. Ikavvei €19 τας κώμα.ς. 2. την στρα- TLOLV θανμάζαι. 3. ev (in) τη κώμη κρηνην ευρίσκει {he finds). ^ 8 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. III. 1. We admire tlie springs. 2. He lias^ a letter.^ 3. He marches into the village. 4. They destroy the tents. 5. They are writing letters. IV. 1. We run into the sea. 2. He marches from the sea to the tents. noTES. » § 29. Μ 29, and § 13, 2. ^ The article here shows the gender of the substantive, | 33, 2, F. 1. * In the vocabularies the black letter denotes that the English word is borrowed from the Greek word. See note 4, Lesson II. ^ In earlier Attic Greek and the other dialects, OaXour V Tocabulary. αγγ€\ος, -ov, 6, a messenge)\ λίθος, -ov, 6, a stone, λόφος, -ου, 6, a hill. λοχ^αγός, -ov, 6, (λόχο?, a company, and άγω) a CaptaiTl. νόμος, -ov, 6, a law. TreBCov, -ov, TO, a plain. στρατηγός, -ov, 6, (στρατό?, an army, and άγω) a general. \ρνσίον, -ov, TO, (dim. of χρυσ -os, 5όΖ(/) gold TTioney^ ^ ' < 1 gold. V \jQo\ . V i FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 13 Exercises. I. 1. ό άγγζλος άληθ€νσεί. 2. το Se neSiov ττυρους ζφβρα/. 3. i^epere πάρα τω στρατηγώ. 4. ό λοχαγός πε/Αττει στρατίώτας €Κ^ της κώμης. 5. καΐ ^ στρατηγοί καΐ λοχαγοί θύσονσιν. 6. /cat ζζαπίνης οι στρατιωται ψερονσυ λίθους. 7. πάρα των στρατιωτών πέμπει τω * Κυρω dyyeXoi/. II. 1. ό* ονν^ Κλέαρχος πέμπει Ανκιον επί (upon) τον λόφον. 2. τους ΑακεΒαιμονίονς κλεπτειν κωλύει νόμος. 3. 6 Se στρατηγός Xa/xySctret το χρυσίον. III. 1. The messengers were running from (the side of) the tent into the plain. 2. But Clearchus sends the gold to the soldiers. 3. The generals will lead® the army. 4. The general commanded the captain to march into the plain. IV. 1. For the general destroys the bridge and marches into Phrygia. 2. The soldiers desire to sacrifice to botR gods and goddesses. *• NOTES. * To be learned with care. ^ Ίτεφά with the genitive means strictly from the side of, while €| means out of. So ιταρά with the accusative means to the side of, but ds, into. ^ κα(...καί, correlative conjunctions, both. ..and. * I 141, N. 1 a. ^ Postpositive. See note 3, Lesson V. ^ The future of άγω is αξω (άγ-σω), ^ 16, 2. 14 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON YII. Verbs ! Aorist, Perfect, and Pluperfect Indicative Active. Grammar : § 92, 4, III. and IV. h; § 110, III. 1, and IV. δ ; § 96, 1., Aorist, Perfect, and Pluperfect Indicative Active of \νω ; § 95, 2, I., first column ; § 113, 2, I., sec- ond and fourth columns ; § 99, 1 and 2 (with a and c) ; § 100, 1 ; § 101, 1, 2, and 4. ^"^ V Yocabulary. άΒελφός,^ -ov, 6, βονλενω, fut. βονΧεύσω, aor. ίβού- λβνσα, perf. βββονλΕνκα, (βουλή, a plan) δασ-^.09, -ov, 6, Βωρον, -ov, TO, opKOS, -OV, O, (εϊργω, ίο restrain) συγη, -ης, η, τοζενω, fut. τοζενσω, aor. ετόζενσα, (το'ξον, α how) Τοζότης, -ον, 6, (το'ξον, α hoiu) α hrotJier. to plan, to devise, a tax, an impost, a gift an oath, silence. to shoot with a bow. a hoioman. Exercises. I. 1. ot δε βάρβαροι rjhri Χελνκασι ras γεφνρας. 2. τάς σποΐ'^ας ελελνκειτε. 3. ό γαρ σατράπης εκελενσε τον<ζ ποΧίτας ^ασμονς περ^πειν. 4. οι δε ττοΧεμιοί τονς'^ όρκονς ΧεΧνκασιν. 5. τεθνκαμεν^ τοις θεοΐς. 6. νμεΐς,^ ω στρατιωται, την γεφνραν εΧνσατε. 7. ό "' δε Κλέαρχος Ύολμίδην^ κεκελενκε σιγην κ-ηρνττειν. FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. 15 IT. 1. 6 Κνρος μένειν τον στρατηγον iKeXevaei/. 2. ενταύθα 6 βάρβαρος iyi\aaev. 3. και 6 στρα- τηγοί έστράτενσεν επί (ctgainst) την του σατράπον ■χωράν» III. 1. They hixxe planned to break the truce. 2. I sacrificed to both gods and goddesses. 3. We have ordered the bowmen and the targeteers to send gifts. 4. But the barbarians shot from"^ their^ horses. 5. For ^ his brother had ordered Cyrus to send imposts. 6. The captaiii has ordered the hophtes to take the arms. IV. 1. And Cyrus commanded Orontas to take the sokliers. 2. The generals have broken their oaths ; for they have not ^ sacrificed to the gods. NOTES. ^ The vocative singular is άδΛφί with irregular accent. See^ 42, 1, n. ' § 141, X. 2. ' ^ 17, 2. * You, nominative plural of the personal pronoun συ, thou. "> ^ 141, s.la. β ^ 134, 2. ' άτΓο, with the genitive. ** The Greek word is postpositive. See note 3, Lesson V. ^ ov, I 29. LESSON YIII. ζ Noiins: The Attic Second Declension. — The Adnominal Genitive. Λ Grammar: § 42, 2; § 22, n. 2; § 25, 2, n.; § 167, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. 16 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Examples. § 1C7, 1: at του σατράπον^ κωμαυ, the satrap's villages. § 167, 2: η των στρατιωτών evvota, the good-ivill of THE SOLDIERS (i.e. whicJi the soldiers feel). § 1G7, 3 : ό των πολεμίων φόβο'ζ, the f ear' OF the enemy (i.e. which is felt toward the7n). § 167, 4: Se/ca α/χα^αι π€τρων, ten wagon-loads OF STONES. § 167, 5 : ττοταμος rrkSpov, a river of (one) plethrum (in breadth) ; Se/ca ήμερων οδός, cc journey OF TEN days; Ζίκη SeKa ταλάντων, a law- suit OF (i.e. involving) ten talents. § 167, 6: Se/ca των ανθρώπων, ten OF the men. Yocabulary. ήμερα, -ας, η, θηράω, fut. θηράσω, aor. έθηρασα, perf. τεθ'ήρακα,^ κωμαρ-χτ^ς, -ον, 6, (κώμη and άρχω) λαγως, -ώ, ό, μισθός, -ον, 6, οίνος, -ον, ο, παΐΟΐον, -ον, το, {aim. οΐ trai^, α cMhT) vt07, -ου, ο, ι• Exerciser». α day. ίο hunt wild beasts. a village-chief, a hare, pay, hire. WINE.^ a little child, a son. . 1. ez' {ill) τοΖς άνώγ€ως θησανρους ενρισκονσιν, /\ 2. εν τω νεω εθνσεν. 3. ο οε 1ζ.υρος επεμχρε^ τω Θ^τταλω Se/ca 'ήμερων μισθόν, 4. των Se ΤΙελοπον- FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 17 νησιών εχομεν όπλιτας εκατόν. 5. πάρα τοΐς των θέων νεως εμενον. β. αλλ''' [but) εκρνπτετε την τον ^ Κρταζερζον επιορκίαν, II. 1. Κ.νρο<ζ yap έπεμπε βίκους οίνον. 2. ό τον κωμάρχον νίος λαγως Θηράσει. 3. τονς Ύαρ- σονς αρπάζονσι δια (on account of) τον ολεθρον των στρατιωτών.^ 4. καίτοι [and yet) ε^ζω τταιδια των στρατηγών εν Μιλητω, III. 1. We will sacrifice in tte temples. 2. The soldiers admire tlie hall. 3. He had caught five [πέντε) hares. 4. AVe haΛ^e fi\^e hares and a jar of Avine. 5. For thirty of the hoplites are surrounding the A'illage. 6. But the soldiers had destroyed the Avagons on account of "^ their fear of the enemy. TV. 1 . The brother of the village-chief sent the bowmen ten days' pay. 2. Thereupon they threw ^ their little children down from^ the rocks of the stronghold. NOTES. * Note carefully the positio7i of the attributive genitive, § 142•,.!.— Μ Π. 2. ^ Tl• Greek word was originally pronounced with the digamma (§ 1, N. 2), Foivos. The Latin word is vinum. * That is, €ΐΓ€μ'ΐΓ-<Γ€, | 16, 2. s I 12, 1, and I 24, 3. β I 142, 2, N. 2, end. ' Express on account of by διά with the accusative. ® cppiiTTov. See § 15, 2. * Express down from by κατού For the case, see Rem. 1 in Lesson VI. 18 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON IX. Nouns: Contracts of the First and Second Declensions.— Apposition. Geammar : § 8 ; § 9, with 1, 2, 3 (and n.), and 4 ; § 24, 1; § 38; § 43, with n., 1 and 2; § 137. Examples. § 137 : Ένρΰλοχος 6 οπλίτης, Eurylochus, the hoplite. Ένρνλό^ω τω οπλίτη, to Eurylochus^ the hop- lite. Tocabulary. apyvpiov, -ov, τ6, (dim. of άργυρο?, siZ- a piece of silver, ver; cf. άργο5, white) money. γη (yea), γης, η, earth, land, ίππος, -ov, 6 or η,^ a horse, a mare. κανονν (^Kaveov), κανον, το, a basket. όνος, -ov, 6 or η, an ass. πλονς [πλόος), πλον, 6, (ιτλίω, to sail) a voyage. ποταμός, -ov, d, a river, -ώίλιον, -ov, TO, a bracelet, f Exercises. T. 1. ο οΙκ€της et^e πέντε αργνρίον μνας. 2. iv he τη ^Αραβία ην (was) η γη πεδίον. 3. τί^ FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 19 [what) iv νω 9(€Τ€ ; 4. ό Se πλους Ιστιν^ (is) etg τάς Άθηνας. 5. enefjixpe τον ανθρωπον 'A/Dtaio? ό στρα- τηγός. 6. eV τη yfj άρχονσι ΑακεΒαιμόνωι καΐ iv ττ) θαλάττΎ). II. 1. iv τω ν€ω eOve τω θεω Έρμγ}. 2. ο δε τοζότης το κανονν βθανμσ,ζβν. 3. ο δε Κύρος τω άνθρώπω δώ/οα ine^xfjev, Ιππον και xjjeXia και μναν αργυρίου. ' III. 1. He wishes to send five minae of silver. 2. The horses and asses of Pharnabazus, the satrap, kept running* into the sea. 3. Cyrus, the brother of Artaxerxes, sends the bowmen ten days' pay, five minae of silver. X IV. 1. Cyrus, the (son)'^ of Darius, wishes to be king in place of^ his brother. 2. He therefore orders his generals to assemble"^ hoplites and targe- teers, and marches through Lydia to*^ the river Maeander.^ NOTES. » § 33, 2, N. 2, first two lines. ^ The neuter singular accusative of the interrogative pronoun tCs. Consult further, | 23, 1, n., and | 31. 3 Enclitic, g 27, 3, and § 28, 1. See also g 13, 1, n. 1. * Kept running, imperfect. "^ αθροίξω. ^ Omit, and see | 141, it. 4. « tVi. ® In place of, αντί with the genitive. ^ ^ 142, 2, n. 6. 20 FIK*ST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON X. Verbs: The L•dicativθ Active. Grammar: §96, I., the Indicative Active; § 112, 1, and 2, except the Middle and Passive endings (read § 112, 2, N., and the first and last four lines of 4); § 113, 1, and 2, I. ; § 95, 1, 1., the .synopsis in the Active voice of the Indicative of λυω (observe carefully the tense stems) ; § 99, 1 and 2 (entire); § 100, 1 and 2 ; § 101, 1, 2, 3, and 4; § 103; § 105, 1; § 109, 1; § 195; § 200. Examples. § 195: τονζ όπλιτα? ηγον, they led the hoplites (the subject is represented as acting), Tocabulary. αγω, αζω, ηχ^α. (in comp.),^ to lead. εκκλησία, -ας, rj, («κ and καλ€ω, to call) an assembly. Ιπιγειρεω, ίπιγεψ-ήσω, Ιπεγεί- ρησα, έπικεχείρηκα, (e-iri and χ€ίρ, to lay hand to, to the hand) txij . ποίίω, ποί-ησω, ίπονησα, πεποί.ηκα, to do, to make. πόΚιορκίω, πολιορκήσω, ίπολίόρ- to besiege, to block- κησα, πεπολίόρκηκα, ade. τελβυτάω, τελεντησω, έτελεντησα, to end one's life, to τετελεντηκα, (τ€λ€ντη, tcXos, end) die. τιμάω, τιμήσω, ετίμησα, τετίμηκα,^ to honor, φωνή, -ης, η, speech, language. f *•. ir\ S_»iv. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 21 U V '^' ^ H^Γ 0^ - Exercises. I. 1. ό Se Ααρεΐος TereXevTTJKet^ και Άρταζερζης ^βασίλενεν, 2. δια τον ττεδιου δ εΙς την ΘαΚατταν καθηκ€ί i\avv€L εις Ταρσούς. 3. ο δε στρατηγός Tore ^ΤΓΟιησεν ΙκκΚη σιαν των στρατιωτών. 4. ο δε Κί)/309 πολιορκήσει Μίλητον καΐ^ κατά (by) γην καΐ κατά θαΚατταν. 5. οΐ δε στρατιωται τον στρατηγόν τε^ εβαΧΚον καΐ τα υποζύγια. 6. ηνρισκον^ δε /cat vevpa iv ταΐς κώμαις καΧ μόλνβΒον. II. 1. εττει (when) δε έτελβντησβ Δαρείος, ό cra- τράττης διε)5αλλε Κυροι^. 2. ενταύθα οι πολέμιοι κάειν επεχείρησαν τας κώμας. 3. καΐ τω στρατηγώ προσετρε^ετην δυο νεανισκω, y^ III. 1 . V/ e shall besiege tlie emporium by land and sea. 2. He has written"^ a letter to^ Arta-- xerxes. 3. For I have been a slave, and say that (oTt) I know the men's language. 4. I led the sol- diers among (εΙς) the barbarians. IV. 1. And thence he descended^ into a plain. 2. For Cyrus had honored him'^ on account of (his)^^ fidelity. NOTES. ' g 110, IV. 5. 3 g iQi^ 4_ j^ ^ § 32, 2, N., first paragraph. ■* See note 3, Lesson VI. * T6 . . . κα£, both . . . and. See also ^ 27, 4. ^ ίνρίατκω. ' The final letter of stems in φ (as <γραφ- in Ύράψω) remains unchangec? in the perfect and pluperfect active, | 110, IV. b. * Ίταρά with the accusative, *" avro'v. ^ Imperfect. " Omit. 22 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XI. Verbs : The Present and Imperfect Indicative of et/xt. — Neuter Plural Subject, and Dative of the Possessor. Grammar : § 127, 1., the Present and Imperfect Indica- tive of €t/xt ; § 26, witli n. 4; § 27, with 3; § 28, with 1, 2, and 3; § 133, 1, n. 1; § 135, 2; § 184, 4. Examples. § 135, 2 : ου ^ yap ecrrt ^ πλοΓα, /or iAere are no 6oafe. § 184, 4 : e(TT6 '^ Κυ^οω παράΒ^ισοζ, Cyrus Aos a park. Vocabulary. κινΖννο<;, -ov, 6, danger^ "peril. wapdSeLCTo^, -ov, b, a park. τίηγη, -rjs, η, d spring^ a (river's) source. πλοΐον, -ov, TO, (πλίω, to sail) a vessel, a transport. πόλβμος, -ov, 6, luar. πολβμιος, -ov, o, ('π•ολ€μο5) ail enemy in war: plur. ol πολβμίοι, the enemy. σίτο^? -ov, 6, grain, food, φίλος, -ov, 6, a friend. Exercises. I. 1. Tjixeu eu τω παρα^βίσω. 2. στρατιώτης ίστίν. 3. Ιντανθα -ήσαν κωμαι. 4. iu /ctrSwots' Ισμέν. 5. ΚΧίαρ^ος ΚακεΖαιμόνιος^ -ην. 6. el eVt FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 23 (in the power of) τω^ άδβλφω. 7. α^τανθα Κυρω βασίλεια^ ην^ και παραδεκτός. ^ II. 1. στρατιωται -ήσαν οι Κ,ύρον φίλου. 2. ην τω Κνρω πόλεμος προς Μνσονς. 3. εστί ^ δε καΐ (also) ^Αρταξερξου /βασ-ιλεια εν Κελαιζ/αΓς επΙ ταίς ττηγαΐς τον Μαρσνον ποταμού. III. 1. For (there) was food in the villages. 2. And it was not ^ possible ^ to capture the asses. 3. Cyrus has a stronghold at the sources of the river. 4. The soldiers have arms and horses. IV. 1. You [j^luTcd) are in the power of the generals. 2. Since Clearchus has soldiers and boats, he will besiege the enemy's stronghold. ■/ NOTES. . » § 29. * § 141, N. 2. ' I 28, N. 1, at the end. ® A neuter plural. ' ^ 60, 2. Μ 135, Ν. 1. * \ 136. ^ \ 13, 2, first paragraph. • It was possible .• use simply the proper form of €(μ(. LESSON XII. Adjectives: First and Second Declensions. — Accusative of Extent. Grammar: § 62, 1, 2, and 3 (and n.); § 63; § 64; § 138 (and read the Eemark) ; § 161. 24 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Examples. § 138: 1) 6 σοφός άνθρωπος, the WIS'» man; τον σοφού άνθρωπου, τω σοφω άνθρώπω, τον σοφον ανθρωπον, των σοφών ανθρώπων, etc. 2) rjv Se πάρα τον Έ^νφράτην πάροΒοζ στενή, but there was a itarkow passage along the Euphrates (an attributive adjective). 3) Tjv γαρ rj ποίροΒος στενή, for the passage was NARROW {ά predicate adjective). § 161: εμενβ Se/ca ημέρας, he remained ten days (time). εζεΧαννεί παρασάγγας είκοσι, he advances TWENTY ., PARAS ANGS (space) . ^*-'- t\K.A ti V -• .,^ „ \^> ^^ Yoi^abulary. ^ άγριος, -a, -ov, (άγρο5, a field) living in the fields, tuild. αμαξιτός, -ος, -ovt (άμαξα) -/ passable by wagons. ΐΚεως, -ως, -ων, ι propitious. '{κα\6ς, -η, -6ν, /( beautiful. 'μακρός, -ά, -6ν, (μήκο8, kngtJi^ long. οδός, -ον, η, ^ α way, α road. παρασάγγης, -ον, 6, α league, α parasang. σταθμός, -ον, 6, α day S journey, a stage. / Exercises. , I. 1. εντανθά είσι κωμαι καΧαι μεσται σίτον^ και οινον. ^. ενταύθα μένει Κνρος καΐ η στρατιά ημέρας εΐκοσιν.^ 3. οι θεοί ϊλεω ήσαν. 4. όνοι δ' FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 25 dypLOL ους ol στρατιωταί Οιηράσονσιν eu τω τόπω etcrtV. 5. οί ΧαλδαΓοι ελεύθεροι re καΐ^ aX/ct/xot ησαι/ • οττλα δ* είχον ^ γερρα μακρά καΙ λόγχας. II. 1. έτοιμος εΙμι εΚαννειν, 2. ύ] δε εΙσβολη ην οδός άμαζίτος όρθια ισχυρώς. 3. εντεύθεν εζε- λαυι^εί, σταθμούς . δυο παρασαγγας 8εκα επί τον Ψάρον ποταμόν. χ. III. Μ. He sends two thousand lioplites and ten thousand targeteers. 2. There ^ were a thousand wild asses in the plain. 3. Thence he marches ten days through Phr}^gia, a friendly country. IV. Al. The generals marched forth into a friendly country. 2. Thence he marches five stages, thirty parasangs, to ^ the sources of the river. 3. In this place (ενταύθα) there was a beautiful park. QO .. NOTES. y/'^^J^Jrf''^ ' * Adjectives of fulness and want, like the corresponding verbs, take the genitive. See | 180, with 1, and g 172, 1. * ^ 104. 2 I 13, 1, with N. 2. * Omit. ^ See note 5, Lesson X. ^ eirC LESSON XIII. Verbs ί Present, Imperfect, and Puture Indicative Middle. Grammar : § 92, 4, I. and II.; § 110, I. and 11. ; § 96, I./ Present, Imperfect, and Future Indicative Middle of 26 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. \νω; § 95, 2, I., second paragraph; § 112, 2, Middle and Passive endings; § 113, 1, first paragraph, and 2, II., first and second columns, with N. 1 ; § 199, with 1, 2, and 3. Examples. § 199, 1: τρέπονται προς λτ^στειαι/, they turn them- selves to piracy. § 199, 2: πορίζονται σίτον, they procure food for trem- SELVES. § 199, 3 : λύσονταυ τα τταιδια, they will ransom their (own) children. So also: α^α^ω, to ward off, but άμννομαι^ to ward off from ones self; άπ-έχω, to hold off, but άττ-ίχομαι^ to hold one's self off, to refrain; βουλώνω, to plan, but βονΧίνομ,αι, to plan with ones self, to deliberate ; ττορευω, to make go, but Tropcvo/Aai, to make ones self go, to proceed ; φαίνω, to show, but φαίνομαι, to show one's self to appear; etc. Tocabulary. αρχή, -ης, η, (άρχω, to rule) rule, command, province. Βονλος, -ου, 6, a slave. θεός, Ov, 6 or η, a god, a deity. LyPLOV, -ov, το, (dim. inform of ϊχνο9, a track) a track. οπΧον, -ου, τό, an implement : plur. arins. πορεύω, πο ρεύσω, επόρευ- σα, (iropos, a way across) to make go, to convey. στρατιά, -ας, rj, («rrpaTos, an army) an army. τόζον, -ov, τό, a bow. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 27 Exercises. I. 1. αζβται τα όπλα καΐ τους ίππους. 2. οΐ Se Βονλοί ζφαίι^οντο. 3. ό 8e σατράττης έβονλενετο, 4. η δε στρατιά έπορίζζτο σίτον. 5. εις τάς κώμας οΐ στρατιωται TpexpovTaL.^ β. οί οττλΓται τρέπονται''^ τους πολεμίους, 7. /cal εψ'^ άμάζης έπορεύετο, II. 1. εφαίνετο i-^yia Ιππων, 2. άπει-χ^όμεθα^ δια τού? τώζ/ θεων^ όρκους. 3. Kiyooi^ δε μετα- πεμπεται άπο της άρχης ης αυτόν (him) σατράττην εποίησε.^ 4. τον *Κρταζερζην μεντοι πευρασόμεθα^ συν τοίς θεοΐς άμύνεσθαι.^ γ^. III. '' 1. The citizens ransomed their (own) chil- dren with money.® 2. Wild asses appeared in the plain. 3. Thereupon the bowmen sent for their bows. 4. He will lead his (own) army into Cilicia. IV. 1. We shall send for ten thousand hoplites. 2. And then ^^ they proceeded to the river. 3. The enemy put the army to flight. NOTES. » Page 98. * Consult the general vocabulary under τρ/ττω. Μ 17, 1. Μ 104. * ι 167, 3. ® The English idiom requires the pluperfect. For the two accusa- tives, see ^ 166. "> I 109, 1. 9 Dative, ^ 188, 1. ® Present infinitive middle. *" And then, tlra St, 28 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XIT. Adjectives! Contracts of the Pirst and Second Declensions. — Position of the Article. γ Grammar : § 65; § 9, with 1, 2 (and n.), 3 (and n.), and 4; § 24, 1, with N.; § 43, n., 1,^ 2, 3; § 142, 1 (with n.), 2, and 3. Examples. § 142, 1 : ο ΟΓοφος άνθρωπος, the wise man ; ol των Θηβαίων crrparT^yot, the generals of the Thebans. § 142, 2 : άνθρωπος 6 σοφός or ό άνθρωπος 6 σοφός, the WISE man; ol στρατηγοί ol των Θη- βαίων, the generals OF the Thebans. § 142, 3 : 6 άνθρωπος σοφός or σοφός 6 άνθρωπος (sc. εστίν), the "tnan is wise, ^ Vocabulary. / άγαμος, -η, ^6v, good, virtuous, brave. j αετός, -ου, 6, an eagle. ! αθλον, -ου, τ6, a prize. I αλόγιστος, -ος, -OV, (α- priv.* and / λογίζομαι,, to consider ; cf. λο'γοξ, λβ'γω) inCOTlsiderate. βaσLλ€Loς, -ος, -ov, (βασ-ιλίν'δ, king) Toyal, hingly. \ ^ννονς (εννοος), -ους, -ovv, («υ, well, and vois) Well-disposed. μέσος, -η, -ov, MIDDLE. ■ ση μείον, -ου, τό^ (ο~τί^^*) « ^ψ") CL sign, α standard. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 29 I ;- \ ' Exercises. i. i. αλλ eajL Κνρω η ο-ρχη η πατρώα. 2. ΟΓονς Se τους άγριους οί στρατιωται Ιδίωκον. 3. τά oe 'χωρία σατραπ€νσονσιν οι τον Κούρου άδελψου φιλοι.^ 4. ot καλοί ^ Τ€^ /caya^oi-^ Κυρω €ΐ;ζ/06 ήσαν. 5. ΚΟρο? δε εδωκ-ε^ (gave) τω άνθρώπω στρεπτορ γρνσουν καΧ ψε'λια κα2 άκίράκηι/ γβνσουν, II. 1. έδωκε δε κ:αι φίάλην άργυραν. 2. e^ei^ov eu ταΐς κώμαυς ταΓ? ΰπερ (above) του πεδίου. 3. δια μ€(του^ δε του παραδείσου pei^ 6 Μαίανδρος ποτα- μός. 4. ού;>(^^ ουτω9, ω ΚΑεα^^^ε, αλόγιστοι εσμεν, άλλα τοΐ9 του Kυy^oυ ψιλοις εϋνοι. III. 1. But tlie Persian bows are long. 2. The royal standard was a golden eagle. 3. The soldiers are well-disposed toward ^^ their general. IV. 1. But the prizes were necklaces of gold. 2. The satrap's boats are unseaworthy. liOTES. » § 131, 4 a. ^ ^ 28, N. 1, at the end. For the following dative, see § 184, 4. ^ English order : ol ψίλοι του άδέλψοΰ. 4 ι 139, 1. ^ See note 5, Lesson Χ. ^ καΐ αγαθοί, ^ 11, 1, with α, and g 24, 2. The coronis (' ) is used to mark the crasis. ' Aorist third singular (first singular 4'δωκα) of 8ίδωμι, a verb in μι, § 93, 3. 8 § 142, 4, Ν. 4. ^ That is, pe€i, contracted third singular present indicative active of ρ€ω. 1" I 13, 2. " See above, I. 4. 30 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XV. Yerbs: Aorist, Perfect, and Pluperfect Indicative Middle. Geammae: § 92, 4, III. and IV. a; § 110, III. 1 and IV. a; § 96, I.,^ Aorist, Perfect, and Pluperfect Indica- tive Middle of \νω ; § 112, 2 (Middle and Passive end- ings) and 3; § 113, 1 (second paragraph) and 2, II., third column, Avith N. 1 ; § 95, 1, I., the synopsis in the Middle voice of the Indicative of λυω. Vocabulary. άρχω, άρξω, ηρζμ, ^ρχοι-,^ to take the lead^ to hegin^ ηργμαί, to rule. κωμητης, -ov, 6, (κώμη) a villager, μάχη, -y]^, rj, (μάχομΛΐ, tofigU) a battle, τταυω, τταυσω, cTraucra, ττέ- to stop, to end: mid. to stop τταυκα, ττεπανμαι, ones self, to desist. 7Γ€ίθω, πείσω, eTretcra, π€- to pe^^suade : mid. to obey πβίκα, Ίτέπεισμαί,^ (i.e. to persuade one's self). 7Γ€ΐράω, Ίτειράσω, ίπείρασα, πεττείρακα, πεπείραμαυ,'^ (ΐΓίίρα, α trial) to try, to attempt,^ στρατοπεδεύω, στρατοπε- Ζει,σω, εστρατοπε^ενσα, (στρατοίΓίδον, α camp, fr. στρατο'βι and irc'Sov, ground) ίο encamp, to blVOUaC.^ υποφία, -as, rj, (ύττο, and the root oir-, look, so that the idea is eying Healthily) suspiciou, apprehension. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 31 Exercises. T. 1. τοις θβοΐς ΙΘνσατο, 2. /Ααχ>7?^ ττετταυσ-αι. 3. TreTreipavrai τον ποταμον Βίαβαίνειν. 4. ikeXvaOe τά παίδια. 5. οΐ Be στρατιωται Ιπεπορ^νντο σταθ- μούς πεντζ. β. του πολέμου ίπαύσατο. 7. ο δβ Κυρο9 β€βούλ€υται όπως (thai) βασιΚεύσει αντί του αΖεΚφου, 8. 61 δε Μιλτ^του ττολΓται ηΒζως έπαύ- σαντο, 9. icat ό ΆριαΓο? έστρατοπεΒεύσατο. II. 1. δισ^ίλί,οι έστρατοπεΒζύσαντο πάρα Κλβ- άρχφ• 2. /cat π^π^ίραταχ TrdOeiv τους πολίτας. 3. και τόι^ (ττρατηγον καΐ τον σατράττην άπ€π€/ιψατο. 4. έστράτευτο Se Κύρος €ΐς n^f τώΐ' πολεμίων γωραν, III. 1. The bowmen have desisted from battle. 2. The hoplites accordingly encamped by the army of Cyrus. 3. They have proceeded to the sources of the river. 4. And the general attempted to surround the villages. IV. 1. Hereupon the village-chief began "^ to lead away the villagers. 2. The satrap has deliberated that he may ^ end the apprehensions of the citizens. NOTES. » Page 100. ' Π10, IV. h. ^ For the euphonic change in the future and aorist (ΐΓ»θ-σω and βΐΓ€ΐθ-<Γα), see § 16, 2. For the changes in the perfect, see ^ 16, 1, κ. 2, and I 16, 3. " § 109, 1. * Commonly used in the middle voice as a deponent (§ 88, 2). 6 Fkom hattU, I 174. "* Aorist middle. See the general vocabulary. * See above, I. 7. 32 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XYI. Nouns : Mute or Liquid Stems of tlie Third Declension. Grammar : § 45, 1 and 2 ; § 46, with 1, 2, 3, and 4 ; § 47, 1 and 2; § 48, 1 and 2, a, h, c, and c?; § 49 ; § 50, L, the declension of the first four nouns ; § 16, with 2 and 6 (with notes 1 and 2); § 25, 3. ^ ^y Tocabulary. άρχων, ^ 'Οντος, 6, (άρχω) a ruler, a commander. γέρων, -οντος, ό, (cf. γήραε, old age) au old man. θωραξ, -a/f09, 6, a breastplate, a cuirass. Κηρνζ, -νκος, ό, (κηρύττω, to proclaim) a herald. μάστίζ, -iyo9, η, a whip, a lash, φάλαγζ, -αγγος, η, a line of battle, a phalanx. φευγων,^ -θνΤΟ<;, 6, (φεύγω, to flee) a fugitive, an exile. φύλαζ, -a/C09, 6, (φυλάττω, to guard) a guard. a'vV _, Exercises. I. yl. t6t€ Se κήρυκας Ιττβ/χψε περί σπονδών. 2. οΐ βάρβαροι ίτόζενσαν νπο μαστιγών.^ 3. εκε- λενσε πορεύεσθαι ^ ολην την φάλαγγα. 4. τον 8ε κήρυκα εκελευσε σιγην κηρύττειν. 5. ίχει μισθο- φόρους χάλυβας. 6. οίνον εκ της βαλάνου πεποιη- κασι της άπο του φοίνικος. RSl• L'ilSSONS IN GREEK. 33 ^"x'tg^JiV- II. 1. et^ot' Se θώρακας Χινονς, αντί Se τω^ πτβρνγων σπάρτα πυκνοί. 2. και ov^eVt πέντ^ στάδια Βιεί^ετην τω * φάλαγγ€. 3. ό δε Ά€.νοφων τον άργοντα της κώμης σνν^ειπνον έποίησατο.^ 4. /cat παίβί τον άδεΧφον κατά [on) το στέρνον καΐ τίτρώ(ΤΚ€ί δια του θώρακος. 5. /cat ot στρατιω- ται άντιπαρ^τάζαντο ^ κατά φάλαγγα, III. 1. He was wearing his^ cavalry breastplate. 2. And he ordered the fugitives to take part in the expedition.^ 3. And the Cilician woman had guards. 4. And he has Xenias (as) ^ commander of the hoplites. IV. 1. And first I warred against ^^ the Thra- cians. 2. They kept leaΛάng the old men behind at home. 3. (The trumpeter) ^^ sounds with his trumpet/^ and at once the soldiers run to close quar- ters ^^ with the enemy. NOTES. ' * A participle used as a noun. For the vocative singular, see ^ 48, 2 h, second paragraph. * Shot under the lash, that is, of their leaders, who were urging them on. This was a part of Persian discipline. ' Present infinitive middle, the ending being -€(r6ou• * § 78, N. 2. * ^ 166. * Aorist of the compound verb ovriirapaTaTTO^au ' § 141, N. 2. β <Γτρατ€υ6<Γθ<α. " ^ 134, Ν. 1 d. 8 g 137, N. 4. ^2 ^ 188^ 1. *° irpo's with the accusative. ^^ dpoVe with the dative, ^ 186. ivV -.vTv^yDU^Ar^'^ o^^' 34 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XTII. Nouns : Mute or Liquid Stems of the Third Declension (continued). Grammar : § 50, the remainder of I., and II. ; review the Grammar of the last Lesson. ι tv s. 6 vj ο v^*v*-. - ^j tocabulary. γβΧως, -ωτος, 6, (γΛάω, to laugh) laughteT, ηγεμών, -όρος, 6, (ηγδ'ομαι, to lead; cf. άγω) I ' ' ^ leader, a guide. Ιμάς, -avToSy 6^-^'^ \^0^ ψ^% leathern strap, μηρ, μηνός, ό, * α MONTH. πονς,^ ΤΓοδος, 6, α FOOT. στράτευμα, -ατός, το, (<Γτρατο8, α?ι army) α?2 αττπι/, α host φυγάς, -άδος, 6, (φ€ΰγω) α fugitive, an exile. χάρις, -tros, τ^» 6t•*^» '<> rejoice) gratitude, (^(Γμ 'i ^ ^^^^^^"^^ fiaWA.-- . ' f vi Vv\ \γ "^^ '^ - Exercises, ii, ^. -^ ♦ • 7^^^^- - I. 1. T^ Se υστ€ραία^ άνευ ηγβμόνος Ιπορεύοντο, 2. Μί^ωί/ Se συνελεζε το στράτευμα χωρίς των αλ- Χων.^ 3. οι 8e άλλοι στρατιωται ένυκτερευσαν dcrt- Tot* /cai'^di^ev πυρός.^ 4. είτα Se παρηλαυν€ν εφ* ^ άρματος καΐ η Κιλισ•(τα εψ' άρμαμάζης. 5. ό Se^ στράτευμα συνελεζεν άπο των χρημάτων,^ 6. είσε- ^ύοντο εΙς τους πόδα? οΐ Ιμάντες» FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 35 II. 1. ol Se '^Ελληνες συν γζλωτι επί τας σκηνας ηΚθον,^ 2. έντανθα φνγας %άμίος εΧεζα^. 3. /care- λάμβανον (found) ^Αρμενίους τταΓδας^^ avu ταίς^^ βαρβαρίκαΐς στολαϊς. 4. τω σατράπτ) ^^ ου τον μισθον α/εκα μόνον νπηρετησομεν άλλα καΐ τη^^^ χάρυτος, III. 1. And Clearchus, the Lacedaemonian exile, had come. 2. And the prize was a beautiful golden tiara. 3. But Cyrus ^^ gave pay for six months ^^ to the general. 4. But the men descended ^® upon^^ a ladder. IV. 1 . The army has ^^ fair hopes of safety. 2. He will make war with the aid of ^® the fugitives of the Milesians. NOTES. ' irovs (for ΊΓοδβ) in the nominative irregularly lengthens the short vowel of the stem. ^ | 189. ^ I 142, 2, F. 3 a, and g 139, 1. Declined regularly except in the neuter άλλο. * § 138, Rem. * A heteroclite. See ξ 60, 1, and in the general vocabulary, ττυρ. * ^ 17, 1. With irapTJXavvev, sc. 6 Kvpos. ' ξ 143, Ν. 2. ® -By means of the money. See the general vocabulary, χρήμα. * Cbwe, second aorist (g 90, 2, n. 1) indicative third plural of the deponent verb 6ρχομαι. ^° § 25, 3, n. 1. " The {well known). The article is often used in Greek to mark a par- ticular object as well known. '^ I 184, 2. >3 g i4i_ j^ 1 5 ** δ€ Kvposi ^ 141, N. 1 a. For gave, see Lesson XIV., I. 5. '^ § 167, 5. ^^ A customary action, imperfect tense. " vkL with the genitive. *« g 134^ 4^ i» j^^^;^ ^;^g ^^^ ^y^ ^^^^ 36 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XYIII. Verbs : Indicative Passive. — Historical Present. Grammar : § 92, 4, L, IV. a and c, and VI. ; § 110, 1., IV. a and c, and VI. ; § 96, 1.,^ Indicative Passive; ^ § 95, 2, I., third paragraph; § 112, 1, 2,^ 3, and 4; § 113, 1 and 2 ; § 95, 1, I., the synopsis in the Passive voice of the Indicative of λύω ; § 88, 2, with n. ; § 92, 5 and 6 ; § 196 ; § 197, 1 and 2, first paragraph ; § 200, N. 1. Examples. § 196 : *Αρταποίτης Ιτετίμιητο νπο Κνρου, Arta- pates HAD BEEN HONORED hy CyTus. (Ac- tive : ^Αρταπάτηι^ €Τ€Τίμηκ€ΐ Kvpos.) § 197, 2: πάντα ^ τοΐς στρατηγοΐς π^ποί-ηται, every- thing has been done by the generals. § 200, N. 1 : Kvpov /χεταπβ/χπεται, he sent for Cyrus, Tocabulary. βονλομαί, βονΧησομαί, βββονΧημαυ, ββουληθην,^ to wish. Βηλόω, Βηλώσω, etc. reg., (δήλοε, clear) to make dear. ΚυκΧοω, κυκλώσω, etc. rcg., (kv'kXos, a circle) to SUVTOUnd, λβγω, \έξω, iXefa, \i\ey^ai, 1\4γθην,^ to say. Χάγω,^ λ^ζω, eXe^a, εΐΧο-χα,^ etXey/xat or ΧεΧβγμαι, ίΧίγθην, to gather, μκτθόω, μισθώσω, etc. rcg., (μισθό?) to hire. παιδεύω, τταιδευσω, etc. rcg.^ (irais, a child) to educate. φίΧ<έω, φίΧ-ησω, etc. veg.^ (φ£λο8) to love. . FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 37 Exercises. I. 1. εμειχίσθωιχεθα τω άρχορτι. 2. iklyero η χωρά αργ^σθαι^^ νπο των ϋερσων. 3. Ιπί ταϋς θύραις ταΐς Aapetov τται^^νΘησονται, 4. et9 Καστω- \ον τΓξ^ίον αθροίζονται. 5. φίλος το'ίς στρατιώταις λελειψεται. β. α^ταυ^α §17 Κνρον άποτΕμνεται η κεφαλή καΐ -χάρ η Septet. 7. ot γαρ στρατιωται υπο των ττολιτων ουκ έφιληθησαν» II. 1. αλλο^^ 8e στράτευμα (τυνελεγετο^^ εν Xep- ρονησω, 2. ετταώενετο συν τοις άλλοις τταισίν. 3. ως [how) Κνρος ετελεύτησε εν τω έμπροσθεν ^^ λόγω δεδτ^λωται. 4. επεί δε ετελεντησε ΑαρεΙος, προς τον ^Αρταζερζην επεμφθησαν άγγελοι νπο Κνρου, III. 1. He was sent. .2. The bridges will have been destroyed. 3. The boys will be honored by the satrap. 4. He wishes an army to be collected. ^*^ 5. They learn both to rule and to be ruled. IV. 1. Miletus was besieged both by land and by sea. 2. The army was encircled on both sides. 3. He has been made satrap^* of Lydia by Darius. NOTES. ^ Page 102. ^ For the present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect indicative pas- sive, see pages 98 and 100. ^ The aorist indicative passive uses the secondary endings of the active. ^ 38 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. ■* Neuter plural nominative of the adjective iras, literally all {things). Μ 109, 8. _ _ 'U^. 1• ' This verb is found only in composition in Attic Greek, « ^ 101, 1, N. Μ 17, 2. '" The present infinitive passive, like the middle, uses the ending >€σ-θαι. " See the.general vocabulary under oXXos. " ? 141, n. 3. " Look for <Γνλλ6γω, g 16, 6. " § 1,36. . LESSON XIX. Nouns: Stems of the Third Declension ending in S. — The Declension of ovtos» Geammar: § 51, 1 and 2; § 52, 1 (and read the N.^), and 2, with notes 1, 2, and 3; § 33, 2, notes 1, 2, and 3; § 58, with 1, 2, and 3; § 83, the declension of the Demon- strative Pronoun ovros; § 142, 4. Example. § 142, 4 : ούτο9 6 amjp, or 6 άνηρ ούτος (never 6 οντος άνηρ), THIS man. Tocabulary. εδρος, -€09, το, («νρυβ, wicie, 6roacZ) Width, breadth. Kpduq^, -ζος, το, (κάρα, ί /ie head) a helviet. κράτος^ -€09, ^ρ,-ν might, power. μήκος, -€ος, το, length, ορός, -€09, το, α mountain. T€L)(OS, -€09, το, α ΐ/;α^/ for defence. FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK. 39 i> Ο (J V\iv^ ^% b^^ '^M τΐλος, -€09, τ6, (τί'λλω, to ac- accomplislwioit, end: pi. complish) by metonymy magistrates. υψος, -€09, TO, (ΰψι, o?i high, aloft) height. Η Exercises. I. 1. Staj/c€i τούτους τους στρατηγούς Τίνρος Tpirjpeai.'^ 2. και ενταύθα hr) εΖίωκον κατά κράτος ^ οΐ ''Έ^λληνες. 3. της ημέρας τοντο το τέλος ην. 4. ^Οροντας he yivei^ ττροσηκε^ τω Άρταζερζη'. 5. τούτον 8e τον ποταμού το ευρός εστίν είκοσι και πέντε ποδων.^ 6. ένθα δτ) εφενγον επΙ τα ορη. II. 1. και 6 Σωκράτης σνμβονΧεύει τω Ξένο- φωντι.^ 2. έπονται ηγεμόνι τω Ήρακλει.^ 3. ην Se τοντο το τεΐ^ζος ενρος ^ είκοσι ποΒων, υψο9 Se εκατόν • μήκος δ' ελεγετο €Γ^'αί, ^ είκοσι παρασαγγών. 4. €π€ΐ δ€ ήσαν επΙ ταις θύραις ταις Ύισσαφερνονς, οι μεν στρατηγοί παρεκΚηυησαν εισω • οι όε λοχαγοί επΙ ταΐς θύραις εμενον. III. 1. He tells tliis oracle to Socrates. 2. The breadth of this river is two plethra. 3. Thence they sent the scout upon the mountains. 4. He announces that they are fleeing at full speed. ^^ ' IV. 1 . But the enemy were kindling fires upon ^^ th^ mountains. 2. This man was condemned to death by the magistrates at Sparta. ^^ 3. And they had brazen helmets and purple tunics. 40 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. NOTES, ^ In declining nouns and adjectives, especially in the third declen- sion, great attention should be given to the formation of the various cases from the stem, particularly of the nominative, accusative, and vocative singular, and the dative plural. Consult the references to the Grammar given in Lesson XVI. ^ ^ 1S8, 1. ^ κατά KpaTOs, according to might, with all their might. 4 § 188, 1, N. 1. « § 169, 3. « § 160, 1. 5 g 26, N. 1. Μ 184, 2. » To be. ^° When two parts of a sentence are contrasted, they are very com- monly correlated by μ€ν . . . δβ (both postpositive), in the sense of indeed . . . but, on the one hand . . . on the other; though, in many cases, μί'ν can hardly be rendered in English. " Aorist passive of τταρακαλεω. " eirC with the genitive. '^ At full speed, άνά κράτος, ** At Sparta, Iv τη ΣίΓάρτη. See, further, g 142, 1, π. LESSON XX. Verbs: Augment and Pormation of Tense Stems. Geammar : § 99, 1, and 2 entire ; § 100, 1 and 2 ; § 101, 1, 2, 3, and 4; § 102; § 103; § 104; § 105, 1; § 109, 1; § 110, I., XL 1, III. 1, lY. a h and c, and VI. Tocabulary, ακονω, ακονσομαι^ ηκονσα, ^ ηκονσθην, to hear. Ιάω, 4άσω, etacra, ειακα, eta/xat, to permit, to allow, to εΐάθην, . let alone, to let go. ζ.υ^ομαι,'^ ενζομαι, ^υζάμιην, to pray. ζηΤ€ω, ζητήσω, etc. rcg., to Seek. θηρεύω,^ θη ρεύσω, etc. reg., (θηρ, α wild beast) ^ ^ ^ ' -^r^ to huTlt wild beasts. ,-^r9^L^ "' ^V fKtt^-v-^ FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. . 41 πράττω,^ πράξω, έπραξα, π4- πραγα, πεπραγμαι, ίπράγθην, ' to do, to practice, ρίπτω,'' ρί\\}ω, eppLxjja, ερριφα, ίρριμμαι, ίρρίφθην, to throw, to hurl. ταράττω,^ ταράξω, Ιτάραξα, τετά- to disturb, to ραγμαί, έταρά^θην, trouble. Exercises. I. 1. πρα^θησεται. 2. et^e δε το Βεξίόν. 3. τηρ ίπιστο\Ύ}ν έγεγράφει. 4. είτα Se Ιξηγον τον ^Ορονταν. 5. καί οΐ μεν ^ ηνχοντο, οί Se ωκτευρον. 6. οΐ στρατηγοί συν ^Β,ενοφωντι ηκολονθησαν, 7. τα Be άλλα ^ €ΐς το πυρ eppixpav. II. 1. πορενεσθ ai^ eiacre τονζ στ ρατίώτας. 2. ολί- γοι άμφΐ Κ,υρον κατελείφθησαν. 3. Βηλώσευ δε ων Βεόμεθα. 4. επΙ τον άΒελφον εστρατενετο. 5. Κΰρος δε ονπω ηκεν, αλλ* ετι προσηλαννεν. III. 1. But he was marcliing against ^^ Menon's soldiers. ■ '■ 2. But a mountain surrounded ^^ the plain. 3. For Cyrus honored his guest. 4. He has hunted wild beasts on horseback.^^ 5. We had broken our oaths. ' ^ IV. 1. They have sought the commanders. 2. He has been loved by the barbarians. 3. But the gen- eral was greatly troubled. 42 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. NOTES. * See note 3, Lesson XXVIII. For the form of the aorist passive, 896 ^ 109, 2. « ^ 103, N. 3 g 17, 2. 4 Simple stem (| 92, 2) ιτραγ.. See also | 108, lY. 1 a. » Simple stem ριφ-. See g 108, III., and g 15, 2. ^ Simple stem ταραχ-φ ' § 143, 1. • See note 3, Lesson XVI. " Imperfect. 8 I 141, s. 4. » iwL »' αφ* tinrov. LESSON XXI. Nouns ; Stems of the Third Declension ending in a Vowel or Diphthong, or in AS, or in A2 and AT. Grammar : § 53, with 1 (and notes 1 and 2), 2, and 3 (with N. 1) ; § 54; § 55 ; § 56, 1 and 2. Yocabulary. άνάβαοΊς, -εως, rj, (άνό, up, and βαίνω, to go) an oscent, a march inland. Swa/its, -€ως, η, (Βυναμαι, ability, power, military force^ to he able) trOOpS. e^eracrts, -εως, η, («ξβτόξω, to inspect) an inspection, a review. ίττπευς, -εως, 6, (tinros) a horseman: pi. cavalry. κατάβασις, -εως, -ή, (κατά, α descent, a return to the down, and βαίνω) COast. πλήθος, -εος, τ6, {irUia^,/ull) fulness, a great number, an amount. πρ6φα(τίς, -εως, η, a pretext. τάζις, -εω9, ή, (τάττω, to ar- arrangement, good order^ range) discipline. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 43 Exercises. T. 1. TO §e στράτευμα €κοπτ€ τους βους και οίκους. 2. τα θηρία οί Ιππ€ίς ει/ίοτ€ &ίωκον, 3. et- χον hk και δόρυ ως (about) πεντεκαί^εκα πηχβωι/. 4. καΐ ενταύθα Κύρος εζετασιν των 'Έ^Κιηνων εποί- ησ€ν, 5. ^ηλον ην οτι (that) εγγύς που βασιλεύς^ ην. β. καΐ παρησαν^ αϊ εκ ΤΙελοποννησου ιή]ες, II. 1. τταρην Se καΧ ο στρατηγός επί των νέων. 2. τά δε^ιά του κέρατος έχει. 3. ήσαν αί *1ωνί- και πόλεις Ύισσαφερνους ^ το αρ'χαΐον.* 4. γ^ρόνου πλήθος της αναβάσεως καΐ καταβάσεως ενυαυτος'' καΐ τρεις (three) μήνες, 5. καΐ βασιλεύς δτ) έπεί ηκουσε*^ Τισσαφέρνους τον Κύρον στόλον, άντιπα- ρεσκευάζετο, ΙΙΤ. 1. And lie was collecting his Grecian force. 2. For Cyrus kept remitting the tributes to the king from"^ the cities, r^. He proceeds to ^ the king. 4. For they cast aside their purple robes. 5. But Menon holds the left wing. IV. 1. He had ships, with which ^ he was be- sieging^'^ Miletus. 2. Cyrus had another pretext. 3. And the Cilician woman admired the discipline of the army. NOTES. * βα(Γΐλ€υ$) when used to designate the king of Persia, commonly omits the article. ■* Formerly, ^ 160, 2. ' Ik. 2 § 26, N. 1. " Sc. -^v. ' tis, I 191, III. 2. =« § 169, 1. 6 I 171^ 2, έΛ. ^ I 188, 1. ^^ €ΐΓθλιορκ€ΐ, i.e. ciroXiopKcc (before contraction). 44 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XXII. Verbs : Subjunctive Active. X Grammar: § 96, 1, the Subjunctive Active of \νω^ (read § 95, 2, n.^) ; § 114, the terminations of the Active voice; § 127, I., the Future Indicative and Present Sub- junctive of €t/xt; § 253; § 219, 1, 2 (first paragraph), and ο ; § δδιο. Examples. § 253 : μη τοντο ττοιησωμει^, let us not DO this. §223: TL^ τοις (ττρατηγοΐς ecrrat, iav κρατιησωσιν ; what will the generals have, if they conquer ? Yocabulary. /Λ^ια-τρίβω, τρίχίβω, erpLxpa, re- to rub through, to wear τρίφα, τβτρυμμαυ, έτρίφθηρ, away, to waste, to (διά and τρίβω) delay, θαρραλέος, -α, -ov, (θάρρος, courage) courageous. κότΐτω,^ κόφω, €Ko\pa, κεκοφα, to strike, to cut, to κίκομμαι, slaughter. μανής, -εως, 6 or η, (μαίνομαι, (ο rave) a scer, soothsayer, παραπλήσιος, -a or -ος, -ov, (ιταρά and ττλησ-ίοε, near, close to) SlTnilar, like. πραζις, -εως, η, (ιτράττω) a transaction, an un- dertaking. σώζω/ σώσω, έσωσα, σεσωκα, σεσωσμαυ or σεσωμαι, εσω- θην, to save. Τημερον,^ adverb, to-day. τ ip ΐΤΐ tr^ ' ^' (K^^y^vwΓ^. . f FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 45 Exercises. I. Al. loLv Se άναστρ4\\)ωσιν ol πολέμιοι, Θ4ωμεν και ΒιαβαΐΊ/ωμα^ τον ποταμού. 2. καΙ iav ύ) πρα- ζις Tj παραπλήσια, 1\\)όμ^θα. 3. iav προς ταύτα ^ λεγτ), βονλενσόμεθα. 4. iav γαρ ^ιατρί\\}ωμξ.ν την τημ€ρον ^ ημβραν, οι πολέμιοι θαρραλέοι έσονται. 5. καν^ απί^,^^ CAcet προς ταύτα βουλευσόμεθα, 6. ην e αγασοι ητ€, εψονται, 11./ ί^Ι. αλλά προς των Θβων, μη άναμένωμεν. 2. ην οντω προσάγωμεν, πβριττεύσουσιν ημων^^ οι πολέμιοι. 3. ovhe yap αν γέφνραι ωσι, σωθησόμεθα. 111/ 1. And let us not now delay. 2. Cyrus will pursue the enemy, if they flee to the mountains. 3. Let us slaughter the cattle. 4. The soldiers will follow, if their general shall end their suspicions. IV:''" 1. But let us burn^^ the king's ^^ country. 2. But if he does this, the seer shall have ten talents. NOTES. * Pages 94 and 96. ' Note that in the dependent moods the present and aorist (the tenses commonly occurring) do not differ as to time (except in the opta- tive and infinitive in indirect discourse); and read carefully | 202, 1. ^ The neuter singular nominative of the interrogative pronoun ris, what. See § 23, 1, n. < Simple stem (§ 92, 2) κοιτ-. See also g 108, III. The perfect active is used only in composition. ^ Simple stem o-wS-, § 108, IV. 1 b. The forms σ^'σ-ωμαι and «σ-ώθην, however, are formed from a shorter stem σ-ω- (seen in Epic σ-οίω). ® For its derivation, see the general vocabulary. "^ In respect to this, literally these (things). The Greek constantly 46 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. viewed objects with reference to their parts, and so used the plural when Λνο should use the singular. 8 ^ 141, N. 3. 9 ^^^ ^y^ g 11^ ι and 2. ^^ g 127, I., n. 1. " C/s, genitive plural of the first personal pronoun εγώ. For the case, see ^ 175, 2. '''' κοίωμεν, common Attic for καίωμεν, the ι being dropped between the two vowels. " See note 1, Lesson XXI. LESSON XXIII. Verbs: Subjunctive Middle and Passive. Grammar : § 96, 1., Subjunctive Middle ^ and Passive ^ of λνω ; § 114, the terminations of the Middle and Pas- sive, with N. 1; § 118, 1^; § 95, 1, I.,^ the synopsis in all \ the voices of the Subjunctive of λυω ; § 215, with A. and C. ; § 216, 1; § 218, first paragraph; § 90, 2. Examples. § 216, 1 : φίλους ττοιησεταυ, ως (τυνεργονς ^χτ), he will make himself friends, that he may have co-workers. § 218 : oeooLKa ^ μη βασίλβνς KaTaKoxpy το 'ΈΧ\ηι/ί- κ6ν,^ I fear lest the king may cut the Greek force TO pieces. Yocabulary. απο-σπαω, σπάσω, βσττασα, βσπακα^ €σπασμαί, Ισττάσθην, (ώτο and στήΜ, to draw off, to to draw) separate. ασφαλώς, adverb, (άσ-φαλη8, safe) 5Ct/c/y, 171 Safety, FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 47 βασι\ίκ6^, -η, -6v, (Poo-tXcvs) hingly, royal. €ΐρήνη, -η<;, ύ), peace. €πίπορος, -09, -OV, (tVi, for, and iro'vos, toil; cf. ^νομαι, to toil) toilsome, lahoTlOUS. \6γρ^, -ov, by a company of soldiers. θΙκ€ω,^ οΙκησω, etc. reg., (oIkos, a home) to inhabit, οπλίζω,^ ωπ\υσ-α, ωπλίσμαι, ωπλί- σθην, (οΊτλον) to arm. Exercises. I. Λ 1 . iai^ Se ή πραξις φαίνηται επίπονος, ονχ^ ^^ expovTai. 2. ττορενωμεθα, ίνα αποσπασθωμεν τον βασι\ικον στρατεύματος}^ 3. τι (what) ίσται τοις στρατιώταις, ίαν βασιΚει ^^ ταντα ^^ γαρίσωνται ; ^ 4. eyct) yap SeSoLKa μη ου ^^ τον ττοΧεμον πεπαν μένος Ύ}}^ 5. rjv Ζε την είρηνην πουησώμεθα, ασφαλώς την ΤΓοΚιν οίκησομεν, 6. hihoiKa μη 6 \ό^ος πεμφθη. II. -1. άλλα πορενωμεθα ένθεν ^^ άπεΧθεΐν^^ έσταί ην βονλώμεθα. 2. εαν 8ε ταντα Βίαπράζωμαι, πάλιν ηζο). 3. ον δεδοι/ία μη 6 Τισσαφέρνης σατράπης πονηΘη, 4. εάν τέ τίς^^ πιέζηται, 6 πλησίον ^^ β^^- θησει, III Αι. But if tliey obey, he will proceed. 2. TKey will cross ^^ the sources of the river Tigris, ^^ if they wish. 3. The army will slaughter the cattle, that it may procure food for itself. 4. I fear that the bridges will be destroyed. y 48 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. lY. if 1. If the kino; delay, I fear that the hoplites will arm themselves. 2. He is collecting an army, in order that he may proceed against his brother. NOTES. 1 Pages 98 and 100. ^ p^gg ]^02. ^ The perfect middle and passive participle of λυ'ω is formed by add- ing .μ£νο$ to the reduplicated stem, thus : λ€λυ-μ£νο8. It is declined like σ-οφοδ (? 62). See further, ^ 26, N. 3, 1. * For λελυκώ8 ω, see § 118, 2. For the declension of XcXvkcosi see ^ 68. ^ g 200, N. 6. " ^ 174. 6 Sc. στράτευμα. '^ | 134^ 2. 7 ^ 101, 2, and § 109, 2. " | 160, 1. « ξ 103. 14 ^ 215, N. 1. 9 ?^ 108, IV. Ιδ. ^^ g 202, 2. ^0 I 13, 2. Ϊ6 (^0 the place) from which. ^'' To depart, second aorist active infinitive of άττ-ερχομαι. ^** Anij one, the nominative singular masculine of the indefinite pro- noun (§ 84), which is enclitic. The preceding ri is also enclitic. See ^ 28, N. 2. '^ § 141, N. 3. ^•^ The future of διαβαίνω is διαβησ-ομαι, the stem of βαίνω being βα-, *^^ g 142, 2, N. 6. LESSON XXIV. Adjectives: Third Declension, and Pirst and Third Declensions Combined. / '^Grammar: § 66; § 67, 1 and 2; § 53, 2, n. 2; § 16, 6, N. 2. Yocabulary. αφανής, -€9, (α- priv. and φαίνω, stem φαν-, to show) unseen, out of sight βαθύς, -eta, -ΰ, deep. {ύ\^ύ ^[y\j(j ^^^- Ύ' \ ^ ^IRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 49 Ιγκρατης, -es, («ν^αηάκράτο?) in power over, in pos- session of. evpv^y -eta, -v, ^ '?i;icZe, broad, καταφανής, -ες, (κίΐτά, intens., and clearly seen, in plain φαίνω) Sl^A^. πλήρης, -ες, (ιτλ/ω?, /w??) FULL. πρανής, -ες, prone, steep. \ χΐιευ^ης, -ες, (ψεΰδω, to deceive) jalsc. Exercises. T. * 1. άλλα ταΟτα^ ψευδι^ '^l•'. 2. at λσy^αt /cat at τάζεις καταφανείς ήσαν, 3. εζελαύνει εΙς Κο- λθ(τσας, πολιν εν^αίμονα. 4. π€/3ΐ δε το -χωρίον ην γαράΖρα Ιαχνρως ^a^eta. 5. ην Sk 6 ποτάμιος πλή- ρης Ιχθνων πραεων,^ ονς οΐ %νροί θεονς ενομιζον. 6. τοις στρατηγοΐς το μεν^ ενθύμημα γαρίεν ε^οζεν eLvaL, το ο έργον αοννατον, ύ^ Τί. 1. εντεύθεν οΐ πολέμιοι ιππείς φενγονσι κατά τον πρανούς? 2. οι ημέτεροι φίλοι της άρχης της πατρώας εγκρατείς έσονται. 3. Υίνρος γαρ έπεμπε βίκους οίνου ημι8εε2ς. 4. eSofe τω Κλεάρχω άληθη ^ λέγειν, 5. στρατηγον δε Κνρον εποιησε πάντων. Ι III. 1. Ttiey were out of sight. 2. (There) was a broad ditcli about the place. 3. And the enemy were not yet in sight. 4. They have the (well- known)^ costly tunics. 5. The spot was black. 50 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. IV. 1. They kept running ^^ down a very steep hill. 2. Thence he marches away to Celaenae, a prosperous city. 3. There Cyrus" had a park full of wild animals, which he hunted ^^ on horseback.^^ NOTES. Μ 3, 5. Μ 166. 2 ι 135, 2. ^ See note 10, Lesson XIX. 3 I 70. « To be. ' Down the steep, the neuter of ιτρανης used substantively. 8 I 180, 1, and ^ 171, 3. " Dative. ^ See note 11, Lesson XVII. '^ A customary action. 10 Imperfect. " αφ' 'ίππου (^ 17, 1). LESSON XXY. ^ . Verbs: Optative Active. Grammar : § 96, I.,^ the Optative Active of λυω (read § 95, 2, N.) ; § 115, and 1 (except the Middle and Passive terminations), with N. 2; § 127, I., the Present Optative of €i/xt; § 215, with A. and C; § 216, 1; § 218, first paragraph; § 219, 1, 2 (first half of the second paragraph), and 3; §224. Examples. §216, 1: Kvpov γ/τησαν^ πλοΓα, ώ? αποπΚ4οιεν, they asked Cyrus for boats, that they might sail OFF. § 218: μάΧα eveuoyjOrjcrav^ μη τά Ιπιττ^δεια ουκ €χοΐ€ν, they were very anxious lest they MIGHT not have provisions. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 51 § 224: el Ύίσσαφερρευ κακόν βονλ€νοίς, κακόρους αρ €Ϊης, IF YOU SHOULD PLOT harm to Tissapher- nes, YOU would be evil-minded, \f^C^^\<^^ Tocabulary. \j> UUxX Wcm^ v^. ιλ' /y α,ΤΓΟροζ, -09, -OVf (a- priv. and / iropos, a resource) difficult, impOSSoble, / a^apLCTTCOSt adv., (άχοίρκττο?, un- * ^ , - ν . f rewarded; a- priv. and χοφίζομαι, to gratify ; cf. χόρΐδ) Without gratitude. βάρβαρος, -os, -oi^, barbarous, rude: as subst. α barbarian. €κβα(τις, -€ω9, τ^, (ck and βαίνω) απ outlet, a pass. οπυσθοφυλαξ, -ακος, 6, (om- one of the rear-guard: πορεύου έπΙ το ορος, εγω οε μένω αντον. II. 1. μεμνησθω άνηρ ό,γαθος είναι. 2. (τκεχρα- σθε ovvy ω ανΒρες στρατιωται, τι (what) εν νω ^χετε. 3. ενθνμηθητε otl οΐ μύριοι ιππείς μύριοι είσιν άν- θρωποι. 4. καΐ σύ, ω φίλε, πείο'θητι.^ III. 1. Procure yourselves provisions. 2. Let" tliis man be honored ^^ preeminently. 3. Send for the ships. 4. Let the soldiers always show them- selves friendly and zealous. IV. 1. Let us deliberate in regard to this. 2. Let the hoplites follow.^^ 3. Consider what the barbarians have done. 4. Proceed, fellow-soldiers, and remember to be brave (men). NOTES. ^ Pages 99 and 101. 2 -p^^^ jq^ ^ The simple stem (^ 92, 2) of μι-μνη-σκω is μνα-, from which the present stem is formed by reduplication and the addition of ^ 139, 1. ^ See note 1, Lesson XII. ''-* I 71, n. 4. FIRST LESSON-S IN GREEK. 63 LESSON XXXI. Yerbs : Infinitive Active, Middle, and Passive. Grammar : § 96, I./ tlie Infinitive Active, Middle, and Passive of λυω ; " § 95, 2, L, third column; § 117, 1; § 95, 1, 1., tlie synopsis in all the voices of the Infinitive of \νω\ § 127, I., the Present Infinitive of et/it; § 134, 2; § 258; § 259 (read the n.); § 260, \vith 1 and 2, omit- ting the last sentence ;3 § 127, IV., the Present and Im- perfect Indicative oi φημί; § 27, \vith 3. Examples. § 134, 2 : έβονλετο τω παίδε άμφοτβρω τταρειναι, he wished Βοτπ HIS sons to he present. § 259: el ανάγκη iari μάχβσθαί, δεΓ* παρασ-κβνά• oracr^at, if it is necessary to fight, it behooves (us) TO PREPARE OURSELVES (infinitive as sub- ject of a finite verb). τουτό icTTL ro xpevSecrOaL, this is το lie (infini- tive as predicate). φησΊ SeLV τούτο πουησαυ, he says it is neces- sary TO DO this (subject of another Infinitive). § 260, 1: βονλεταί θηρευσαι, he wishes το hunt; but § 260, 2: φησί θηρενσαι, he says that he hunted (the original speaker said, έθηρενσ-α, Ihicnted). Yocabulary. αναγκάζω, αναγκάσω, etc. reg., to constrain, to com- (άνάγκη, constraint) pel. ανάγκη, -ης, η, constraint, necessity/. 64 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. ava-TTeiucu, ττ^κτω, etc reg., (άνά, intens., and 'ΐΓ€ίθω) to peTSUade, κατα-κόπτω, κόχ^ω, €Ko\pa, κ€- to cut down, to aid κόφα, κβκομμαί, (κατά and κοιττω) to jyieces. μάχομαι,^ μαγονμαι, μβμάχη- /χαι, ίμαγεσάμιην, to fight. οιομαι, οίησομαι, ωηθην, to think, to suppose. στρατεύομαι,^ στρατβνσομαι, ίστ parev μαι, έστρατβνσά- to make an expedi- μΐην, (σ -TpaTos) tlOn. ψεν^ομαι,^ φεύσομαυ, εφευσμαί, έφενααμηρ, to he. Exercises. I. 1. τον<ζ στρατίωτας ττορενσασθαι 6 βασίΧβνς εκίλενσεν • οΐ he τον ποταμον διάβαιναν ουκ έθελον- σιν. 2. τα γαρ έπιτηΒεια ονκ εστίν ^ ε'χευν. ο. καΐ τα Srj άφανη ^ εζεστι \]}ενΖεσθαι. 4. επεσθαι βονλο- ^αι. 5. Μιδαζ^ τον 'Ζατνρον θηρενσαί φασιν}^ β. εφασαν νπο των ΈλΧηνων Κ,νρον φίΚεϊσθαί}^ II. 1. και κελεύει τον<; στρατηγον<ζ Χεγειν ταύτα το'ί<ζ στρατυώταίς καΐ άναπείθειν εττεσθαι. 2. τοζεν- ί^τ^ϊ^αι ^" 'Έλλτ^ζ^α εφασαν. 3. εαν ταύτα ποιησητε οιεταί κατακεκόφεσθαι.^^ III. 1. (It) is safer ^^ to flee. 2. He wishes to make an expedition into the country of ^^ the Pisi- dians. 3. And he says that the enemy will come ^^ FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 65 at clay -break. ^"^ 4. But it is necessary to proceed at once. IV. 1. You are not Λvilling to fight nor ^'^ to follow. 2. But it is sometimes possible ^ to capture these. 3. So that the Greeks were compelled to proceed slowly. NOTES. ^ Pages 95, 97, 99, 101, and 103. ^ The first aorist active infinitive, all infinitives in -ναι, and the per- fect middle and passive infinitive accent the penult. See § 26, n. 3, 1. ^ Read carefully | 260, 1, n. 1, consulting the references. Cf. with this the statement in | 260, 2 (second sentence), in regard to the time- force of each tense of the infinitive in indirect discourse. The verb implying thought in the following exercises, after Avhich the infinitive in indirect discourse will occur, will always be one whose force will be easily seen, and generally will be a verb of saying. See § 260, 2, x. 1. For what is meant by indirect discourse, see | 241, 1 and 2. * For Se'ci, the contracted present third singular, used impersonally, of 8€ω, to need. So in the fourth example δεΐν for Seeiv. See § 9. ^ I 109, 8. The'future μαχοΰμαι is Attic for μαχ€(Γθμαι, ^ 110, II. 2, N. 1 a. ^ A deponent. Forms of the active occur with the same meaning, but used only of the commander. The middle is used of both leaders and followers. ' Forms of the active occur, commonly with the transitive meaning, to deceive. « g 28, N. 1, at the end. « § 160, 1. ^^ AVhat they say in their own words is, MiSat €0η'ρ€υ(Γ£, Midas caught, etc. For the accent, see ?/. 27, 3, and ^ 28, 2. " They said, Kvpos φιλ€ίται (contracted from φιλ€€ται). '2 They said, €το|€υθη 'Έλλην. " His thought is, κατακ€κοψομαι, / shall he {instantly) cut to pieces. See I 200, n. 9. .'■* I 138. '' Into the country of, els. '^ He says, ήξουσ-ιν ol iroXeyioi. " άμα τη τ[\μρ(^. ^** θύ5€. 66 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XXXII. Verbs : Participles Active. Geammae : § 96, I.,^ the Participles, in the Active voice, of Χνω;^ § 95, 2, fourth column; § 117, 2, first paragraph, with n. ; § 68,^ decline λνωι/, λυσ-ας (like icrra?*), and λβλνκώς ; § 127, I., the Present Participle of et/xt; § 204; 5 § 275; § 276, 1 and 2. Examples. § 276, 1 : πολις άγοραν καΚην άγουσα, a city having (or WHICH has) a beautiful Tnarket-place (πολις rj ayopav καλην ^^et). ^ ό τταρων καιρός, the eeesent occasion. § 276, 2: του^ φεύγοντας νπεΚάμβανβν, he took those THAT WEEE FLEEING (or THE FUGITIVES) tUl- cler his jy'Otection. Vocabulary. αγορά, -ας, η, (άγ€ίρω, ίο colled; α?1 aSSemO/y of the people, ci"• άγω) a place of asseniblij, a market-'place, 17X109, ~ου, δ, ilie sun. τταρειμι, τταρεσομαι, τταρην,^ (τταρά and δίμί) to he hy, to he presefnt. πλέκω, πλέξω, etc. rcf/., - to PLAIT, to hraid. σύμμαχος, -ov, 6, {σ-ννΆηά\ιάχομαι) cm ally, ail auxiliary. σφενδόνη, -ης, η, ^ a sling. FIRST LESSONS. IN GREEK. 67 τελεω/ τελώ, ireKecra, reri- λβκα, τετελεσ-μαι, ereXe- to finish^ to fulfil an σθην, (tcXos) obligation, to pay. -χαλεπός, -η, -6ν^ hard, grievous, cruel. Exercises. I. 1. επιΚε'γειν τάδε ^ εκ:ελευε τον φέροντα τα δώρα. 2. -ήσαν yap οΐ κωΧνσοντες^ πέραν. 3. ταύτα δε ηγγελλον προζ Κνρον οί αυτόμολη σαντες προ τής μάχτης. 4. οι στρατηγοί εκάθισαν ^^ χωρίς τους f τοντο φασκοντας. 5. καΐ η8η ην {it luas) άμφΐ άγοράν πΧηθουσαν. " II. 1. ενταύθα ήσαν τα βασίλεια τον ουρίας ^^ αρςαντος, Δ. τοτε οε α/χα ήλιω ανατεΚΚοντι κήρυ- κας επεμφε, 3. ο/χως δε δεΓ εκ των παρόντων ^^ αν- 8ρας^^ αγαθούς τελεθείν. 4. ην δε Τίς^^ μη πείθηται, φηφισώμεθα τον νμων εντυγ-χάνοντα^'^ συν τω αρ- γοντι κο\άζειν, III. 1 . The soldiers obey those who command " (them). 2. Cyrus marches on to the river Chahis, being of (one) plethrum in breadth.^^ 3. Fellow- soldiers,^^ the present (circumstances) are hard. 4. He has the force of him who has (in marriage) the daug-hter of the kino;. ο CD IV. 1. And they paid money to him who was willing to plait slings, 2. Those who before were "^ allies have broken their oaths. 3. Those who com- mand,^^ therefore, must be ^^ much more vigilant. 68 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK. NOTES. Ϊ Pages 95 and 97. 2 The perfect active participle is oxytone, ^ 26, n. 3, 2. 3 § 26, N. 2. ■* Except in accent. See ξ 68, ν. ^ For illustrations, see in particular the first three sentences in the Exercises. β § 26, Ν. 1. ' I 109, 1, Ν. 2 (with a), and 2, and ^ 110, II. 2, N. 1 a. ^ Neuter plural accusative of o'Se, ^ 83. Translate what follows, lit. i^csc (things), and see 148, n. 1. ^ il/en rca I 134, 2. =« Must he. Set . . . είναι. LESSON XXXIII. Verbs : Participles Middle and Passive. Grammar: § 96, I./ the Participles Middle and Pas- sive of λυω ; ^ § 117, 2, second paragraph; § 68, decline λυθείς (like τιθάς) ; ^ § 95, 1, the synopsis in all the voices of the Participles of \νω ; § 277, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, "and 6.4 FIRST LESSONS• IN GREEK. 69 Examples. § 277, 1 : ταύτα Χεγων θορύβου ηκουσβ, while saying this he heard a noise. § 277, 2 : τοντωι/ των κέρκων άπείγοντο αίσγβα νομί- ζοντε<ζ ζχναι, they abstained from these gains BECAUSE THEY CONSIDERED them to he shame- ful inopevovTo άγοντες, they advanced singing. ληϊζόμεροί ζησονσι, they will live by plun- dering. § 277, 3 : ό δ' άνηρ λαγως φχετο θηράσων, her husband was gone το hunt hares. § 277, 4 : τοντο ποιησαντες ev πράξονσιν, if they do this, they will prosper.^ § 277, 5 : αντον προσεκύνησαν έπΙ θάνατον άγόμενον, they saluted him, though he was being led to execution. § 277, 6 : ai/a/3atVet, έχων οπλιτας, he goes up with hoplites, Yocabulary. ^ άνηΟ'τασίωΓηζ, -OV, 6, (άντ£, against, and ϊσταμαι, to stand) an Opponent. απόμαχος, -09, -ov, (άπο and μάχη) disabled, out of the rauL•. ασπίς, -βος, η, a skield. ατιμάζω, ατιμάσω, etc. reg., (ατιμοδ, dishonored, from a- priv. and τιμή) to dishonOT, γελάω, γελάσομαι, eye λάσα, eye- λάσθψ, to laugh. 70 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 8eft09, -a, -6vy^ right, on the right κινΖννενω, κινδυνεύσω, etc. reg., (κίνδυνο$) to run a risk. λογίζομαι, Χογιονμαι,^ etc. rcg., (λογοδ, λ€γω) to COTlsider. Exercises. I. 1 . πιεζόμενος νπο των οίκοι ^ αντιστασιωτων 7)τησ€ Κνρον μισθόν, 2. Βεζάμενος δε ταντα εγε- I λασεν. 3. απεπεμπε τους γιγνομενον<ζ 8α<τμους βα- crtXet. 4. ττεριεμενον Ύκτσαφερνην εγγνς εατρα- . τοπεΒενμενοι. 5. επορενοντο εν 8efta έχοντες τον \Ύΐλιον, λογιζόμενοι ηζειν α/^α ηλίω 8ύνοντι εις κώμας, II. 1. ειχον δε τας άσπίΒας εκκεκαλνμμενας.^ 2. επεαφάξατο Κ.ύρω σττασάμενος τον άκινάκην. 3. 6 δε^° κιν8ννεν(τας και ατιμασθείς βουλεύεται όπως ^α(τιλευσ"ει. 4. πολλοί γαρ ήσαν απόμαχοι, οι τετρωμενοι και οι εκείνους ^^ φέροντες και οι των φερόντων τα όπλα Βεζάμενοι. / III. 1. They descend into the plain to encamp. 2. He was greatly troubled because he had been dishonored. 3. They were fighting with those who had been drawn up ^^ in front. 4. But his' mother, when she had begged (him) off, sends him back again. IV. 1 . He was of those who were making war ^^ about Miletus. 2. He was not willing to withdraw I FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 71 the right wing, since he feared ^^ that he might be encircled/'"' 3. He hits Cyrus with a javehn while fighting with ^'^ the king. • NOTES. ' Fages 99, 101, and 103. ^ The perfect participle middle and passive is paroxytone, § 26, rr. 3, 1. The first aorist passive participle is oxytone, ■^ 26, n. 3, 2. ' All participles in -os, on the other hand, are declined like σ-οψος, ? 62, 3. * The participle in Greek, while it expresses all of these relations, does not do so definitely and distinctly. Hence the different nses run into each other, and cases occur in which the participle expresses at the same time two or even more of them. ^ See «κ-καλΰιττω. 5 ^ 165, N. 2, at the end. i» ^ 143, x. 2. ^ See the general vocabulary. " ^ S3. ' ^ 110, II. 2, N. 1 c. ^ Use the perfect. « § 22, N. 1, at the end. ^^ ^ iqq^ i^ " Use the proper form of φοβ^ομαι, applying I 9, 2, second sentence. '' Use the aorist. ^^ That is, while Ci/rus was fighting, etc. LESSON XXXIV. Adjectives: Irregular Comparison. —Verbals. Grammar: § 73, 1; § 117, 3, with notes 1 and 2; § 281, with 1 and 2. Examples. § 281, 1 : ώφβλητβα σοι η πόλυς ίστίν, the city must be BENEFITED hlj yOU, § 281, 2 : ημίν πάντα ^ ποιητέον ecrriv, we must do everything. 72 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Tociibulary. άδείπ^Ό?, -ος, -OV, (α- priv. and Βείττνον, supper) supperless. αΙτ€ω, αΙτησω, etc. reg., to ask, to de- 7)iand. αφύλακτος, -09, -OV, (a- priv. and φυλάττω, to guard) uiigiiavded. έζ- απατάω, απατήσω, etc. rcg., (Ικ, mtens., and άπατοΐω, to deceive, from άιτάτη, deceit) to deceive grossly, epyov, -ου, το, («ργω, ρεργω,^ to do work) a AVORK, deed. εΰπραΚΤΟς, -09, -ΟΙ^, (ev and Ίτράττω) J^'^^^^^^^^^^j ^^^^V to do. ονομ,α, -ατός, το, a NAME. φυλάττω, φυλάγω, etc. rcg., to guard. Exercises. I. 1. ποταμός δ' άλλος ημιν ίστι όιαβατ4ος. 2. πάς oe ποταμός διαβατός. 3. άλλα νομίζω άμζ,ινονας και κρείττους πολλών βαρβάρων ^ υμάς eivaL. 4. λαμβάνουσνν άν8ρας οτι * πλείστους καΐ βελτίστους. 5. τους στρατιώτας παρακάλεσαν έπΙ τα κάλλιστα έργα. 6. ω κάκιστε ανθρώπων, ουγ^^ 'ημάς εζηπάτησας ; 7. κολαστεον έστΙ τον παΓδα. II. 1. πλείονος^ αν άζιοι εΐημερ φίλοι έχοντες τα όπλα. 2. πορευτεον δ' τιμίν τους πρώτους ^ στα- θμούς ώς^ μακρότατους. eS. ήσαν δ* οι ίπποι μείον ε \ των ΐίερσικών. 4. ως (to) /βασιλέα πορευτεον τη ' ταχιστην ohov. 5. πειστεον"^ εστί τω στρατηγώ. FIRST LESSONS IN GHEEK. 73 III. 1. These are worse than we. 2. The most of the Greeks Λvere supperless. 3. There are many Persians better than this (man). 4. I must not ask for this. 5. This is more practicable. IV. 1. But it is easiest to take ^^ the unguarded ^^ (property) of one's ^^ friends. 2. This girl is very fair.^^ 3. There were very many^* wild asses in the plain. 4. But nevertheless I must tell the man's name. 5. λΥβ must guard the soldiers. NOTES, M67. ^ Ml, i'^^. ^ Π75, 1. ■* oTi or ώζ is often prefixed to the superlative to strengthen it, as on •rrXetoTOi, as many as possible, etc. ' \ 282, 2. ' I 224, § 226, 1, and \ 277, 4. 6 I 178, N. 8 ^ 73_ 2. ^ Verbal of ιτείθομαι, io ohey. For the following dative, see I 184, 2. '° Present tense. " Neuter plural. " Fcry /air, superlative of koXo's. '■^ The article, § 141, n. 2. '^ Use the superlative. LESSON XXXT. Verbs: The Present Stem. Grammar : § 92/ 1, 2 (with n.), 3 (with n.), and 4, with I. ; § 110, 1, (and read the preceding Remark) ; § 111, with I.; § 93 entire (read simply); § 94; § 95, 1,^ I. L, IT. L, III. L, and 2 (with n.) ; § 96,3 i,^ the Present of \νω ^ in all the moods and voices, and the Imperfect Indicative in the three voices ; § 107 ; § 108, Avith 1. 74 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Tocabulary• αθροίζω (ά^ροιδ-^), αθροίσω, etc. reg., (άθροο5, dose together) to aSSemhle, to 7YIUU€T, βραχνά, -ela, -v, short. €νθύς, adverb, straightway, at once. ξύλον, -ου, το, a stick of wood, wood, fuel. συν-εκ-βιβάζω (^ι^αδ-^), βι- βάσω, €/3ΐ/8ασα, (σ-υν, Ικ, and to help or join in βιβάζω, to cause to go; cf. βαίνω, to go) getting OUt. σχίζω {(τχι8-^), σχίσω, etc. reg., to split. ταχυ9, -eia, -v, sivift, quick νβρίζω [νβρυΒ'^), υβρίσω and νβρίω,^ etc. reg., (vppis, insolence) to inSult. Exercises. I. 1. v/xeis §€ ου βούλβσθε συμπορ€υ€σθαί, 2. έπορεύοντο ίν Sefta βχοντες τον rjkiov, λογιζόμει/οί ηζευν^ άμα ηΧίω ^υνοντι eh κώμας. 3. ανορες στρα- τιωται, μη θαυμάζετε οτι χαλεπωζ φέρω ^ τοΓς Ίταρουσι π pay μασιν. 4. ττετονται γαρ αί ώτί8ες βραχύ ^ καΐ άπαγορεύουσιν. 5. ό δ' τΐΚαυνεν επί του<^ Μενωνο<ζ στρατίωτας, ωστ εκείνου<ζ τρεχειν επι τα όπλα. β. εΐ εθελοιτε ταύτα ποιησαι, επεσθαυ βουλοίμην άν, II. 1. των δε Μ,ενωνο^ στρατιωτών ζύ\α σχίζει TIS. 2. μη άναμενωμεν άλλους ημάς παρακαΧεσαι. 3. ώστε εύθυ'^ τταιδες οντες μανθάνουσιν άρχειν τε FIRST LESSONS ΪΝ GREEK. 75 και αρχέσθαυ. 4. ηκον \iyovTe<^ on ονχ^ Ιππείς elaw. 5. και ευθύς ωχετο ως μη μβλλοίτο {be delayed) άλλα περαίνοιτο τα λεγθεντα» III. 1. Ηθ is said to bo mustering an army. 2. From tliere lie marches five stages witli the river on the right. 3. For a great army was mustering at Sardis. 4. Bid this (man) march at once, if the king makes an expedition against us. IV. 1. But those of the horsemen that pursued ^^ stopped quickly. 2. Be persuaded, fellow soldiers, not to transgress the laws. 3. And he ordered Pigres to aid in getting the wagons out. 4. Being beaten and insulted, they thought (themselves ^^) to be dishonored. NOTES. * Up to this point the verb has been developed by moods. Hereafter the development will be by tense stems, and in doing this the conjuga- tion of λΰω will be repeated. ^ Pages 86-91. Give the synopsis of each verb by moods across the page, first in the active, then in the middle, and then in the passive. ^ Conjugate the verb in the order of moods and voices suggested in the preceding note. The references to ^§ 112-117, given in previous lessons, are not here repeated. It may, however, be necessary to review the various tables of personal endings. The teacher must decide this. "* Let the pupil conjugate in the same manner the present and imper- fect of λείπω and φαίνω, and, if there is time, of the two other verbs given in ^ 111. * The simple stem of verbs in ξω ends either in 8 or in γ (or γγ), ^ 108, IV. 1 b. The future ends respectively either in σω or ξω (or γξω). Hereafter, in the special vocabularies, the simple stem of each verb, when this does not appear in the present, i. e. unless the verb is of the ^rsi class (§ 108, 1), will be given in ( ) directly after the present indicative. In every such case the pupil should be required to show how the present stem is formed from the simple stem, and to tell to which one of the eight classes the verb belongs. 76 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. " ^ 110, II. 2, N. 1 c. ' Their thought was, ή'ξομίν, i^c s/iaW come, etc. ^ χαλίττώ? ψερω, to he distressed, lit. ίο hear up. The following dative expresses the cause, | 188, 1. ^ ^ 161. »o 266, 1. " Those thatjnirsued, ^ 276, 2. ^^ g 134^ 3^ LESSON XXXYI. Adverbs and their Comparison. — Numerals. Grammar: § 74, 1 and 2; § 75; § 76; i § 77, 1 and 2. Yocabulary. βρέχω, ββρεξα, βββρεγμαυ, εβρε- χθηρ, to wet. επιμεΧεομαι and επιμεΚομαι, ετημελ.'ησΌμαυ, επίμεμελημαί, επεμεληθην, (ciri and με'λω, to he to care for, to look an ohject of care) out foT. 1(Τχνρω<ζ, adverb {l2 See note 1, Lesson XXXIX. '= Dative. '^ I 217. '^ irpo's with the accusative. I LESSON XLII. Pronouns : Demonstrative, Interrogative, Indefinite, and Relative. Grammar : § 83, with n. 1, first paragraph; § 28, n. 3; §148; § 142, 4; ^ § 84, 1, 2 (with the first half of n. 2), and 3; § 149, 1 and 2; § 150; § 86, with n. 1 ; § 151. Examples. § 149, 1 : τίνας ορω ; whom do I see ? τίνο.% άι>Βρας ορώ ; WHAT me7i do I see ? 90 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. § 149, 2 : TL βονΚ^ται ; what does he ivant f έρωτα τι (or ο TL ^) βον\ξ.σθ€, he asks what you want § 150 : TovTo Xeyet τΐ9, some one says this ; άνθρωπος τΐ9, SOME man; ορω ανθρωπον TLva, I see A CERTAIN man, or / see A man. § 151 : wapaSeLcros θηρίων πλήρης, a Κνρος ίθη- pevev, a park full of loild beasts, which Cyrus used to hunt. Yocabulary. apyo^y -09, -ovy (a- priv. and «ργον) Without wovk, idle. γνώμη, -ης, η, (γιγνώσ-κω,^ to know) judgment, ^jurpose, opinion. Βοκ€ω (So/c-*), δο^ω, eSofa, δβδογ/χαί,, εΒόχ^θην, to seem, to think. 4π-αίνεω, αΐνεσω, ηνβσα, rjveKa, ηνημαι, ηνίθην,^ (eiri, intens., and αΙν£ω, to praise ; cf. aivos, praise) to appVOVe, to praiSe. παις, παώός,^ 6 or η, a child, a son, a daughter. παΧτόν, -OV, τ6, (ιτοίλλω, to Irandish) a javellU. τζκμηριον, -ov, το, (τβ'κμαρ, a sure a suve sign, a posi- sign) tive pvoof. τρόπος, -ov, 6, (τρέπω, to turn) a tum, a manner, (of persons) disposi- tion, character. Exercises. I. 1. και o^TOL^ μ€ν €μ€νον, ol δ' άλλοι ^ έπο- pevovTO. 2. ei Δαρείου έστΙ παΙς, €μος δε ά8ελφός, FIRST LESSONS IN GHEEK. 91 ovK άμαχβΐ ταντ iyco ληχ^ομαί.^ 3, el Se ης άλλο opa βίΚτιον, λβξάτω, 4. ^ύθύς δε ζκεΐρος anekavuei τους στρατίώτας. 5. τί πραχθησεται ; 6. έρωτα ούτος ο TL ποιονμξν. 7. αργοί εζων ovtol οΐ άνθρω- ποι. 8. οΐ δε στρατίωται, οϊ re αυτοί) Ικτίνου καΐ οί άλλοι, ταύτα άκουσαντ€ς, iwrjveaav, II. 1. τούτο αντοί ίποι^ισθ^. 2. οντος δε ό αυ- τός κιελευει ή/^ας ττορεύ^σθαι. 3. τις ούτω /Aat^Tat όστις ου βουλεταί σοι φίλος eli^ai ; 4. σ"ύ ονν συμ- βονλ^νσον -ημίν, 6 τι σοι 8οκ€Ϊ άριστον elvai, 5. τά αυτά ταύτα βουλεύονται, 6. Κυροι^ δε ακοντίζει τις τταλτω νπο τον οφθαλμον )8ιαιως. 7. λεγονσι δε τιι^ες τάδε. III. 1. And he commands them to say this. 2. What Λνίΐΐ the rest of^ the soldiers do? 3. And these did so.^^ 4. He speaks as follows."' 5. I pur- sued with the aid of^^ these. 6. But there was a certain Athenian in the army. IV. 1. He collected his own army and spoke as follows. 2. What opinion have you? 3. But another army was collected for him in the following manner. ^^ 4. But the following (fact) is a proof of this. NOTES. ^ See the example in Lesson XIX. '■^ § 149, 2, second paragraph. ' The stem is γνο-. On the formation of the present from this simple stem, see μιμνησκω, note 3, Lesson XXIX. 4 I 108, VII. 92 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. ^ Except in the perfect passive, the short vowel of the stem is re- tained, § 109, 1, N. 2 h. 6 I 25, 3, N. 1. 9 Future of λαμβάνω. ' I 148, N. 1. '" ού'τως. « I 142, 2, N. 3 a. '» Τ^^ίΛ ίΛβ aiii ο/, συν. '^ ^ 160, 2, where the first example, τούτον τον τρο'ιτον, means in the PEECEDiiiu manner. -*ο*- LESSON XLIII. Verbs: Perfect Middle Stem. Grammar: § 92, 4, IV. a; § 110, IV. a entire; § 111, IV. a; § 95, 1, 1.,^ IV. a, IL,^ IV. a, and III.,^ IV. a; § 96, I., the Perfect and Pluperfect Middle* and Passive^ of \νω in all the Moods; § 97 entire; § 16, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Vocabulary. Sta- σπείρω (σττερ-), σπερω, έσπειρα, εσπαρμαι, (σ-π-€ίρω, to to scatter abroad ; mid. soiu) to scatter^ intrans. ελέγχω, ελεγζω, ηλεγζα, ελη- λεγμαί, ηλεγχθην, to confute, to convict. εύνοια, -ας, -η, (€v-vooe) good-Will. κρίνω (κριν-), κρίνω, έκρινα, κεκρικα,^ κεκριμαι, εκρίθην, to separate, to judge. ου?/ ώτός, το, EAR. τηστότης, -ητος, η, (mo-ro's) fidelity, σκέλος, -eos, το, α leg. )(aλκωμa,-aτoς,τό,{\aλκόs,hronze) α bronze utensil. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 93 Exercises. I. 1. πάντα ημίν^ πεποίηται, 2. ίσ^σθε άνδρες άζιοι τηζ iXevOepCas ης^ κέκτησθε. 3. πόσοι των στρατιωτών νποΧεΧειμμενοι €ΐσίν ; 4. τοντον<ζ δ' εφτι iyyv^ άΧληλων έστρατοπε^ενσθαι. 5. σφενδόνη καλή τω στρατηγώ ^ πεπλεκται. 6. καΐ όστις νμων oiKaSe επιθυμεί πορεύεσθαι, μεμνησθω ^^ άνηρ αγαθοί είναι, 7. rjkawev ίπ\ τους Μενωνος, ωστ εκείνους εκπε- πΧη^θαι^^ καΐ τρε^ειν επι τα όπλα, II. 1, ετετίμησο γαρ ύπο ^acrtXeiw? δι' εΰνοιάν τε και πιστότητα. 2. άμα δ' έδειξε ^"^ συντετριμμένους ανθρώπους και σκέλη ^^ καΐ πλευράς. 3. οΰτος δε τεταγμένος ετιτ/γανεν ^^ επι τω εϋωνύμω του ιππικού άργων. 4. και νυν ημάς υπάγεται μενειν δια το Βιεσπάρθαι ^^ αύτω το στράτευμα. 5. ού8ενα κρίνω ύπο πλειόνων πεφιλησθαι. 6. ήσαν δε και γαλκώ- /ιιασι παμπόλλοις κατεσκευασμεναι αί οικίαι. III. 1. You possess much money. 2. λΥο have obeyed our commanders in all respects. ^^ 3. He says that they have encamped in the \nllages. 4. Do you not^^ remember? 5. You have been enrolled as a slinger.^^ 6. But they had been left behind alone. 7. He had been convicted of theft. ^^ IV. 1. He has had his ears^ bored. 2. He had been sent against the barbarians. 3. He said the soldiers had plaited themselves slings. 4. For they 94 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. liad been armed. 5. You have been drawn up in line of battle.^^ 6. No friend has been left to us. NOTES. ' Pages 86, 87. =* Pages 90, 91. 2 Pages 88, 89. " Pages 100, 101. ^ See remark at the top of pages 102, 103, above the paradigm. β § 109, 6. ' g 60, 5, 24. ^ § 153. « § 197, 2. ^^ § 200, N. 6. " The perfect infinitive, when not in indirect discourse, differs from the present only in being more emphatic, as here, thoroughly frightened. For the infinitive after ωσ-η, see § 266, 1. '^ Aorist of δείκνυμι, a verb in μι, § 93, 3. ^^ I 197, 1, N. 2, last example. " Had been stationed, as it happened, ξ 279, 4. '^ I 262, 1. '6 In respect to all {thirigs), g 160, 1. '» g 173, 2. " g 282, 2. '^^ See II. 2. *® Say simply ίο s?m^, ^ 265. '-^^ See Lesson XVI., 11. 5. LESSON XLIV. Verbs : Perfect Active and Future Perfect Stems. Grammar: § 92, 4, IV. ό and c; § 110, IV. ό (with 1-5) and c; § 111, IV. h and c; § 95, 1, 1.,^ IV. h and IV. c, IL,2 IV. c, and III.,^ IV. 5; § 96, I., tlie Perfect and Pluperfect Active ^ and Future Perfect ^ of λυω ^ in all the moods; § 108, VI. and VII. Vocabulary. αποΖιΖράσκω (δρα-), άποΒρά- to run away, to es- σομαι, awoSeSpaKa, cape unobserved, γήρας, -αο9, το, (cf. γβ'ρων, an old old age, advancedj man) agc. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 95 Ιπιορκ4ω, Ιπιορκιησω, Ιπιώρκησα^ to siuear falsely, €πίώρΚΎ]Κα, (eiri-opKos, against ones oath) to jOTSWeaT ones self. θάνατος, -ου, 6, (θνησ-κω, to die) death. κατα-ττηΒάω, πηΒήσομαί, ίπηδησα, π€πη8ηκα, (ττηΒάω, to hap) to leap down, κοινός, -η, -όν, common. ορμάω, ορμήσω, eic. reg.,{6p^T^, movement, to Set 171 motion ; impulse) mid. to Set OUt. φάσκω (φο.), (cf. φημί) ίο say, ίο allege. Exercises. I. 1.6 άνηρ τοίαντα μεν πεποίηκε, τοιαύτα δέ Xeyet. 2. ^ Αθηνησιν eSeSovXevKei 6 ττελταστης. 3. eweiSr] ττβπτωκότα ορά Κνρον, κατεπηΒησεν άπο τον ϊππον. 4. ώστε φίλος τιμίν ουδείς λελειψεται, άλλα και οι πρόσθεν όντες^ πολέμιοι -ημΐν έσονται. 5. τα δε άλλα εΙς το πνρ Ιρρίφαμ^ν. β. ot δε πολέμιοι επιωρκηκασί τε καΐ τάς σπόντας καΐ τους όρκους λ^λνκασιν. 7. ό δ' εφη πολλάς προφάσεις Κυρον ^ύρηκέναι. II. 1. μετά ταντα ούτε ζωντα ^Ορόνταν οντε τεθνηκότα ούδει? ^ ορα. 2. οπόσοι δε τον θάνατον εγνώκασι πάσι κοινον elvai, ούτοι εις το γήρας άφικνοννται. 3. εφη δ' αντο το έργον αύτοΐς με- μαρτνρηκεναι. 4. Κνρος δε έχων ους είρηκα ^^ ώρμάτο άπο ^άρ8εων. 5. Κνρος δε σνγκαλεσας τονς στρατηγούς ελεζεν οτι ουκ άποΒεΒράκασι 96 FIRST LESSONS IN GEEEK. Hei^tas Koi ΐΐασίωρ. 6. νομίζβτ€ kv TjjSe rrj ημζρα e/x€ re κατακ€κόφε(τθαί ^^ καΐ νμας ου πολν βμου ύστερον, III. 1. He alleged that he had been a slave ^^ at Athens. 2. He had already called an assembly of the soldiers. 3. The army will be instantly ^^ cut to pieces. 4. If the king has fallen, let us fly. 5. Cyrus has honored him on account of his courage. 6. You have robbed these soldiers of their pay.^^ IV. 1. I do not praise him, if he has done this. 2. The letter will have been written. 3. Have^* you commanded him to proclaim silence ? 4. He says she has persuaded her husband to fight. 5. If the barbarians have broken the truce, the gods will fight on our side.^^ NOTES. > Pages 86, 87. " Pages 96, 97. 2 Pages 88, 89. ^ p^ges 102, 103. 3 Pages 90, 91. ^ Cojijugate in the same manner the perfect and pluperfect active of Ίτροίσ-σ-ω, φαίνω, and στέλλω, and the future perfect of λ€(ΐΓω and trpouTa-ia, through all the moods. ' g 105, 1, N. 2. « Sc. φΛοι. » I 283, 9. ^" Serves as a perfect to cIttov, and is formed on a stem p€-. For the augment, see § 101, 1, n. " Instantly cut down, ^ 200, n. 9. *^ φοίσ-κω, like φημί, takes the infinitive, g 260, 2, with N. 1. •^^ I 161. 14 ^ 232 2. ^^ In behalf of ua. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 97 LESSON XLY. Verbs ! Second Perfect and Second Aorist Stems. Grammar : § 90, 2, n. 1 ; § 92, 2, and 4, IV. d and V. ; § 110, IV. d and V.; § 111, IV. d and V.; § 95, 1, ΙΙ.,ι IV. d and V., and III.,^ IV. cZ; § 96, 11.,^ the Second Per- fect and Pluperfect Active, and the Second Aorist Active ^ and Middle of XetW ^ in all the Moods ; § 108, V., 1, 2, 3, and 4. Tocabulary.^ 'γίγνομαι (ya^-^), γξρησομαυ, γεγβρη- μαυ ; 2 p. γεγοι^α, I am,• 2 a. iyepo- μην, to become, λείπω (λιπ-), λείψω, λελβιμμαί, ikei- φθηρ ; 2 p. λελοιττα ; 2 a. iXunov, to leave. μανθάνω [μαθ-^), μαθησομαυ, μεμά- θηκα; 2 a. ίμαθον» to learn, πάσχω (παθ-, περθ-^), πεισο/χαι ; 2 ρ. πέπονθα ; 2 a. έπαθαν, to suffer, τηπτω (ττετ-, πτο-^), πεσουμαυ, πε- πτωκα; 2 a. eneaov, to fall, πυνθάνομαι [πυθ-"^), πενσομαι, πε- πνσμαι ; ^° 2 a. έπνθόμηι/, to ascertain. τνγγάνω {τνχ-'^), τβνζομαί, τετν- to obtain, to hit, χηκα; 2 a. €τυχορ, to happen, φζνγω (^φνγ-^^), φενζομαί or φεν- ζονμαί ; 2 ρ. πεφενγα ; 2 a. εφυ- to flee, to flee yovy from. 98 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Exercises. i. ovoei^ μεντοι ovoe οντος eneTTOvueu 2. evda Srj πολύς τάραχος iyivero. 3. eSo^ei/ αντω σκηπτο^ weaeLP ^^ eh την ττατρωαν οΐκίαν, 4. οκτώ μόνους κατίΧιπον. 5. αλλά πολλά? προφάσεις; Κυ/309 ευρίσκζρ, Ινα νμας τ€ άπαρασκευάστους λάβοι /cat T7i^^5 evuaoe avayayoi. Ό. τ) 0€ KtAio"cra εφυγεν εκ της αρμαμάζης και οΐ εκ της αγοράς^"" καταλί- ττόντες τά ωνυα εφνγον. 7. αλλά δεδοικα μη, αν άπαζ μάθωμεν άργοΙ ζην, επίλαθώμεθα της οΙκαΒε 68ου. II. 1. καΐ ουκ ην τους όνους λαβείν. 2. λελοι- ττώς εστί^^ Χυεννεσυς τά άκρα. 3. ούδ' εΐ πυστος γενοίμην, σοι y αν δό^αι/Λΐ. 4. τους στρατηγούς εκελευεν οπλίτας άγαγεΐν • οΐ 8ε ταύτα εποίησαν, άγαγόντες ώς^^ τ/οισ^ιλιους όπλιτας. 5. η Βε γυνή πρότερα ^^ Κύρου πέντε ημέρας άψίκετο, III. 1. And first learn ^^ who they are. 2. They have not escaped. 3. And he ascertained the mat- ter. 4. He said they had left the place in fiight.^*^ 5. But he himself took^^ the horsemen and pro- ceeded. 6. A shout arose.^'^ IV. 1. But when^^ he had learned ^^ this, he commanded them to set the houses on fire. 2. And you again took pledges from^** me. 3. For a line h FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 99 of the hoplites chanced ^^ to be following.^^ 4. He questioned Cyrus thus. ^® 5. These arrived at ^ Sar- dis. NOTES. ' Pages 88, 89. For peculiarities in accent see § 26, n. 3. 2 Pages 90, 91. 3 Pages 104-107. * Conjugate in the same manner the second perfect and pluperfect active of ιτρασ-σ-ω and φαίνω through all the moods. Take each tense of λ€ίΐΓω and φαίνω which you have conjugated, and analyze it, pointing out the present stem, the simple stem, augment, tense stem, connecting vowels, and personal endings. ^ The class of some of these verbs remains to be more fully con- sidered hereafter : γίγνομαι, ττοίΐΓχω, and ιτίΐΓτω belong to § 108, VIII. ; λ€ί'ΤΓω and φ€ΰ-γω to ^ 108, II. ^ The present stem is a syncopated and reduplicated form of the simple stem, § 109, 7, b and c, and the future and perfect middle add € to the simple stem, § 109, 8. ' Mute stems which assume ν on αν in the present have their proper form only in the second aorist; except in the present and second aorist they either lengthen the short vowel (like verbs of the second class, I 108, II.) or add € (§ 109, 8). ^ ΐΓοίσχω for παθ-σ-κω, | 16, 2 ; ττ^ίσ-ομαι for ιτενθ-σ-ομαι, § 16, 6, Ν. 1. ^ See I 109, 7, b and c; ΐΓ€σ-οΰμαι for ΐΓ£τ-<Γ€ομαι, | 110, II. 2, Ή. 2. 6-ΐΓ€<Γ-ον is for l-ir€T-oV| which is in fact the form of the second aorist in Doric Greek. '° The perfect is an exception to the principle stated in note 7. " For φευξούμαι, a Doric future, see § 110, II. 2, n. 2. »« i 159, N. 2. >3 ^ 283, 9. " To have fallen. 8οκ£ω in the sense to seem takes the infinitive in indirect discourse, usually in the personal construction. See note 1, Lesson XXXIX. *^ Those in the market-pL•ce, § 191, n. 6. »6 ^ 118, 4. ' 17 About. *^ ξ 138, Ν. 7. For the following genitive, see | 175, 1. ^3 use the second aorist. ^ I 188, 1. *' Greek idiom, having taken (aorist participle) the horseman, he pro- ceeded. "^ Use γίγνομαι. ^* ιταρά. 23 ώ?. '^ 6ΤΓομ€νη, ι 279, 4. '^ That is, as follows. Use an adverb. =" €ls. 100 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON XLYI. Verbs: Pirst Passive Stem. Geammar: § 92, VL; § 110, VL; § 111, VI. a and h; § 95, 1,^ I., VI. a and b, IL, VL a and b, and III., VI. a; § 96, I.,^ the Aorist and Future Passive of \νω ; ^ § 108, VIII., the stems and principal parts * of αιρέω, Ύίγνομαι, €χω, πάσχω, πίπτω, and τρέχω. Vocabulary. (άρίω (eX-), αίρησω, Ύ)ρηκα, ^ρημαυ, to tahe ; mid. ίο Ύΐρέθην ; 2 a. d\ov, choose. αμαρτάνω (αμαρτ-^), αμαρτησομαι, ημάρτηκα, ημάρτημαυ, ημαρτη- to err, to do θψ ; 2 a. ημαρτον, wrong, ευρίσκω {εν ρ-), ευρησω, εϋρηκα, ενρημαι, ενρεθην ; 2 a. ενρον, ίο find. •η^ομαί, ησθησομαι, ησθηΐ', ίο he pleased. λαμβάνω [λαβ-^), \ή\\}ομαι, εΐληφα, είλημμαι, εληφθην ; 2 a. εΚαβον, ίο ίαΙϋ€, ίο cap- ture. σφοδρός, -ay -άν, vehemenί, severe: neut. pi. with change * ofaccentasadv.σ■φo- Spa, exireinely, τρέπω, τρε\\ίω, ετρεχ^α, τετροφα^ or τετραφα, τετραμμαι, έτρε- φθην; 2 a. mid. ετραπομην, ίο ίητη. ύπηρετψ, -ου, 6, an underling, as- sistani, helper. FIRST LESSONS IN GKEEK. 101 Exercises. I. 1. τοντω τω τρόπω ίπορεύθησαν σταθμούς τετταρας, 2. €πΙ τω €νωρνμω τοζβνθηναί τις iXeyeTo. 3. κράτιστοι δή υπηρεται τταντος έργον Κνρω ελε'- -χθησαν γεί'εσθαί. 4. άνδρες, εάν μου πεισθητε, των άλλων πλέον προτυμηθησεσθε στρατιωτών νπο Κνρον. 5. χρη αντον κριθεντα της 8ίκης τνχε'ίν. 6. Κύρος ουκ εζτιγθη Βιώκειν. 7. οι δε πολέμιοι 8είσαντες μη άποκλεισθείησαν εφευγον άνα κράτος, II. 1.6 δε Κλεαρ-χος εταράχθη σφό8ρα. 2. εκε- λενσε δε τovς''Έiλληvaς, ώς νομος^ αντοίς εΙς μάχην, οντω ταγθηναί' ετάχθησαν ονν επΙ τεττάρων. 3. τού- τοις ησθη Κύρος. 4. ικανά γαρ και μικρά άμαρτη- θεντα^ πάντα συνεπιτρΊφαι. 5. χρη* εάν ελεγχθώ σι, τούτους τιμωρηθηναι, 6. οΐ δτ) στρατηγοί οντω ληφθέντες άνηχθησαν ως ^^αοτιλεα, και άποτμηθεντες τάς κεφάλας^ ετελεντησαν, III. 1. V/e proceeded to the river. 2. But on the next day heralds were sent. 3. I was com- pelled to pursue. 4. And breast-plates will be pro- cured for them. 5. But the men were arrested ^° and sent to the king. 6. A few were left about him. 7. If we proceed homeward, will the king be pleased ? IV. 1 . He was sent down by his father. 2. But he was dragged down from his horse. 3. This will 102 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. be found. 4. If tliis should be found, he would be punished. 5. The soldiers were drawn up^" and forced to proceed. 6. AVho of us will be chosen general ? 7. The Greek cavalry were put to flight. NOTES. » Pages 86-91 at the bottom. '^ Pages 102, 103. ^ Conjugate in the same manner the aorist and future passive of λ£ίπω and ττράιτσ-ω, and the aorist passive of φαίνω, through all the moods. ^ The principal parts of these verbs are given in full in Lessons LA'I.-LAail. ^ See note 7, Lesson XLV. ; and for the augment of the perfect, ^ 101, ^ I 109, 3, N. 2. For the α in the perfect passive and second aorist middle, see I 109, 4, n. 1. ' Sc. Vfv. 8 gc. i^i. 9 I 197^ 1^ N. 2, last example. ^^ For the idiom, see II. 6, above, first part. LESSON XLYII. Verbs : Second Passive Stem. Grammar: § 92, 4, VIL; § 110, VIL; § 111, VII. a and b; § 95, 1,^ III, VII. α and δ; § 96, III.,^ the Second Aorist and Second Future Passive of φαίνω ; ^ § 108, IL, 1 and 2. TocabuLiry. βοηθεω, βο'ηθ'ησ'ω, etc. reg., (βοηθό?, run- ning to the battle-shout, aiding, from βοη and θ6ω) to aid, to assist Ικ-πΚηττω (πλαγ-, Trkqy-)^ πληζω, to strike out of επΚηζα, πεπΧηγμαι, επΧηχθην ; one's senses, to 2 p. πεπληγα ; 2 a. pass, έπληγηι^,"^ terrify, I FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 103 θάπτω [θ αφ-), θάφω, eOaxfja, τ€- ^α/1/ιαι ; 2 a. ετάψτ^ι^/' to hwry, κατ-αλλάττω (άλλαγ-), αλλάζω, etc. reg.; 2 a. pass. TjWoLyT^V, (κατά and άλλάττω^) to reconcile, πάρα- σκευάζω [cTKevaS-), σκευάσω, εσκζύασα, εσκεύασμαι, (τταρά and to make ready, σ-κίΰοςδ) to prepare, στρίφω, στρίχ^ω, έστρεψα, ίστραμ- μαι, ίστρεφθην ; 2 ρ. εστροφα ; 2 a. pass, ίστράφην, to tum. τήκω {τακ-), τήξω, ετηζα, ετηχθηι/ ; 2 ρ. Τβτηκα (as pass.) ; 2 a. pass. Ιτάκην, to wAt. φαίνω [φαν-), φάνω, εφηνα, πίφαγκα, πεφασμαι, βφάνθην; 2 ρ. πέφηνα; to shoto ; mid. and 2 a. pass, ίφάνην, i^ass.to appear. Exercises. I. 1. καΐ ol '^Έλληνες στραφεντβς παρεσκευά- ζοντο. 2. τάφοζ δε ουδείς πώποτε ^Ορόντα εφάνη. 3. /cat εβουΧευόμεθα συν αύτοις όπως αν ταφενησαν^ οΐ νεκροί. 4. φανιησονται των \ογαγων άριστοι. 5. κατελήφθη εκπλαγείς τις. 6. εφασαν τους λόγους κατακοπηναι ύπο των Κιλίκων. 7. οΐ δε στρατιωται συλλεγεντες εβουλεύοντο, II. 1. επιβουλεύει Κΰρω, και (also) πρόσθεν πολεμησας, καταΧλαγεΙς δε. 2. ηνίκα δε Βείλη εγί- γνετο, έφάνη κονυορτος, 3. και εκέλευσεν ειπείν 104 Fir.riT LESSONS IN GREEK. avTov που επληγη. 4. Ιάι^ 8e οντος σφα\^, ου σπανίσει των βοηθησόντων. 5. ον ποΧΧω δε ύστερον οΐ \ο-)(αγοΙ κατάκοπη σονται, 6. έτάκη δε η -χιών δια ΤΎ)ν κρηνην, III. 1. The enemy did not appear on tlie second day, nor^ on tlie tliird. 2. And tlie barbarians turned ^ and fled. 3. If be should march against the soldiers, they would be terrified. 4. When^^ our dead are buried, we will cross the river. 5. We were quickly reconciled. lY. 1. Show yourselves the bravest of the sol- diers. 2. He promised that the dead should be buried. 3. Mithridates appeared again with a thou- sand horsemen. 4. I was struck violently under the eye. 5. If they should be reconciled, the war would stop. NOTES. » Pages 90, 91. « Pages 108-110. ^ Conjugate in like manner the second aorist and second future pas- sive of <ΓΤ€'λλω through all the moods. * The second aorist and second future passive in compound verba (as here) are «ιτλάγην and ιτλαγησ-ομαι (stem ιτλαγ-). ' ? 17, 2, Ν. ^ For the derivation in full, see the general vocabulary. ' g 224 and § 226, 2 b. ^ See note 9, Lesson XLVI. '" eirckSov with the subjunctive, | 232, 3. FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK. 105 LESSON XLTIII. Verbs : rormation of the Present from the Simple Stem. Grammar : § 107 ; § 108 entire. " Vocabulary. αισθάνομαι {αίσθ-^)^ αίσθησομαι, τισθημαι ; 2 a. 'ησθόμην, to jper^ceive. ειπον^ (βπ -y ip-), ipco, eiwa, ειρ-ηκα, εΐρημαί, ίρρηθην, to say. θνησκω [θαι/-^), θανονμαι, τεθνηκα ; 2 a. eOavoVj to die. κτείνω (^κτεν-), κτενω, βκτβινα ; 2 ρ. €κτονα ; * 2 a. ίκτανον,^ to kill, λανθάνω (λαθ-^), λησω, λελησμαυ ; to escape the 2 p. λβληθα ; 2 a. βλαθον, notice of: mid. to forget. Τ€μνω (re/x-^), τεμω, τετμηκα, τβτμη- μαί, Ιτμηθην ; 2 a. €τ€μον ΟΓ €ταμον, to cut. τιτρώσκω {τρο-''), τρώσω, έτρωσα, Τ€τρωμαί, ετρώθην, to wound» ό)θέω (ωθ-), ώσ"ω, Ιωοτα,^ εωσμαι, έώσθην, to push. Exercises. I. 1. την ^ιόϊ^α εϊκαζον τετηκεναι. 2. ούτοι λίγονσιν otl Kvpos τέθνηκεν, 3. νμείς 8ofere /ca- 106 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Kol elvaL. 4. ίκηρυζε τοις ^Ελλτ^ίτι συσκενάζεσθαι. 5. €19 he Ζύ) elne [advised) στρατηγούς ίλεσθαι άλ- λους. 6. σφεΐ'Βόΐ'ας ττλεκειν έθελβι. 7. οί δ' ineC- θοντο, πλην et ης τι εκλεψει^.^ δ. Δαρείου ^ καΐ ΙΙαρνσοίτίΒος γίγνοντ αι παίδες δυο. 9. ώστε βασι- λεύς της προς εαυτόν επίβουλης ουκ ησθάνετο. II. 1. ταύτα εΙπων επαύσατο, 2. νυν γαρ ίσως και νμεις τούτου αυσσανεσσε. ο. εΚεςεν α εγιγνω- σκεν. 4. ώς δ' ησθετο Κυρον πεπτωκότα,^ εφυγεν, 5. τα δ' άρματα εφεροντο δια αυτών των πολεμίων. . και ος ωυειται αυτόν εκ της ταςεως. (. άνευ γαρ αργόντων ου8εν αν οΰτε καλόν ούτε αγαθόν γέ- νοιτο. 8. 06 ιατροί κάουσι /cat τεμνουσιν επ άγαθω, 9. (Γκεψασ^ε ει κρειττον^^ αυτόν ηγεμόνα εχειν. III. 1. They concealed this. 2. He tried to escape the notice of the enemy. 3. But they flee through their own encampment. 4. And he wounds him througli his breastplate. 5. Cyrus, therefore, went up with ^"^ three hundred hoplites. 6. You are not willing to obey. 7. And being pressed by his opponents he comes to Cyrus. IV. 1. But we will fight with ^' these. 2. But I am exceedingly fatigued. 3. Let him remember ^^ to be a brave man. 4, They killed all the slaves. 5. But I will choose you. 6. I should not wonder, therefore, if the enemy followed us. 7. But the soldiers kept knocking at the gate. i^IRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 107 NOTES. * See note 7, Lesson XLV. * A second aorist, the present and imperfect being supplied by Xiyot and ψημί. ctirov comes from e-Fc-Fcir-ov, €-(ρ)€ΐΐΓ-ον, a reduplicated sec- ond aorist. Cf. eiros, fcttoSi ivord. ciira is a first aorist. In the perfect, and in the aorist passive the stem cp- becomes pt-, ^ 109, 7 a. The per- fect, further, reduplicates according to ^ 101, 1, n. 3 g 109, 7 a. ^ § 108, \1 4 ^ 109, 3, and 4, n. 1. ' I 104. ' The English will use a pluperfect. « ^ 169, 1. " Sc. Ιστί. ^ That Cyrus had fallen. 12 » «χων. ^° § 151, X. 3, second paragraph. '^ σ-υν. " Use the perfect imperative middle. LESSON XLIX. Verbs: Eegular in MI, Ιστημι, Grammar : § 123, 2, the inflection of ϊστημ,ι througli- out ; ^ § 121 entire (and read the preceding remark) ; § 122, 1, with notes 2, 3, and 4; § 123, 1 (read the first and second paragraphs), the synopsis of Ιστημι in the Present and Second Aorist Systems, and 3, the synopsis of the Indicative of ΐστημυ ; ^ § 68, the declension of terra?. Tocabulary. aya/xat, ήγάσθην, to admire, βαίνω (βα-, βαν-^), βησομαί, βεβηκα; 2 a. εβην, to go. Swa/xat, Βννησομαι, ^εΒύνημαί, ΐΖννιηΘην,^ to be able, έπίσταμαί, έπυστήσομαί, ήπίστηθην, to undeV' ♦^ stand. 108 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. οράω (όπ-, ιδ-), οψο/ιαι, ίώρακα^ or έόρακα, ίώραμαυ or ωμμαι, ωφθην ; 2 a. είδοϊ', ίο sec. 'Π'ίμπλημί (πλα-), πλησω, επΧησα, ττί- ττληκα, πέπΧησμαι, €π\ησθηι^, ίο FILL. φθάνω (φθα-), φθάσω and φθησομαι^ ίο gei before, έφθασα ; 2 a. εφθην,*^ ίο αηίίοί- paie. ώνεομαί, ώνησομαι, έώνημαυ,^ έωνηθην (classic writers use εττρίαμΎΐν, ξ 123, 1, for the later ώνησάμην), ίο huy. Exercises. I. 1. ot Se πολέμιοι ονκέτι έστησαν. 2. οι μετά ^Αριαίον ουκετι ίστανται, άλλα φενγονσιν. 3. εάν τι Βννωμαι, ταύτα ττοιησω. 4. ον γαρ αν Βύναιντο πορενθηναι. 5. στητωσαν οΐ οττλΓται. β. το δέ στράτευμα 6 σΐτος επελυπε, καΐ ττρίασθαι ουκ ην. 7. ώ<ζ δ* άνεβησαν, θνσαντες καΐ τρόπαιον στησά- μενοι κατεβησαν εΙς το πεδίον. 8. άνεστησαν οΐ Ελληνες και ειπον οτι ωρα ννκτοφνλακας καθιστάναι. 9. προπνθόμενος ταντα εφθη €ΐς την πόλιν άπελθών,^ II. 1. άλλα μην και τοντό γε επίστασθε. 2. Κύ- ρος δε, φίλην έχων την κεφαλήν, εΙς την μάχην καθίστατο. 3. άεΐ εγωγε ηγάμην την σην φύσιν. 4. εκ τούτου αενοφων άνίσταται εσταλμενος επι πόλεμον ως ε^ύνατο κάλλιστα.^ 5. αλλ' ευ επιστά- σθωσαν οτι ουκ άποπεφεύγασιν. 6. εβουλεύοντο όπως αν κάλλιστα δια^αΓε^'. 7. καΐ ούτε άνελεσθαι FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 109 ovre edxjjaL αντω έΒννάμεθα, 8. iau 8e 8ίαβωμ€ΐ/, -ημίν τιμιην οισ€ΐ €t9 τον eTretra ^ονον, III. 1. And accordingly Cyrus went up on the mountains. 2. For it will not be possible to pur- chase food. 3. He halted the soldiers. 4. Cyrus lialted. 5. They kept filling the skins with grass.-'*^ 6. On seeing this he mounted his horse and rode away. IV. 1. He was not able to sleep. 2. You must^^ cross the river. 3. He collected an army in order to be able to defeat the king. 4. And they raised them up. 5. But then these cities had re- volted ^^ to Cyrus. 6. For if he should go up on the mountains, I should follow. NOTES. * In this and the next three Lessons analyze with care, according to the directions given in note 4, Lesson XLV, In this connection, see ^ 114, N. 2. and | 115, 2 and 3. For the accent of the present infinitive and present participle active, see § 26, n. 3. For the division of verbs in μι into two independent classes, see note 6, Lesson LVI. ^ In the active voice the second aorist €<Γτην, / stood, perfect €<Γτηκα, I am standing, pluperfect €<Γτηκ£ΐν, / was standing, and future perfect €<Γτηξω (§ 110, IV. c, N. 2), I shall stand, are intransitive. This is true both of the simple verb and of its numerous compounds. ^ I 108, v., N. 1. The perfect and aorist passive, β^βαμαι and «βοίθην, occur only in composition. * § 100, 2, N. 2. ^ 1 104, N. 1. ^ Both aorists occur in Attic Greek, but the first is commoner in Xenophon. ' I 104. » g 279, 4. ^ Literally, as he was able most handsomely, i.e. as handsomely as possible. This is the origin of the use of οτι and ώ$ explained in note 4, Lesson XXXIV. *• § 172, 2. " χρη. 1^ Pluperfect active of άφ-ίστημι. 110 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. LESSON L. Verbs: Eegular in MI (continuecT), τιθημι, Geammar : § 123, 2, the inflection of τίθημι through- out ;i § 121 entire; § 122, 1, with notes 1 and 4; § 123, 1, the synopsis of τυθημί in the Present and Second Aorist Systems, and 3, the synopsis of the Indicative of τίθημι ; ^ § 68, the declension of τίθείς. Vocabulary. βακτηρία, -ας, η, [βαίνω) a staff. γόνυ, -ατός, τ6, KNEE. δεω and 8ί8ημί, Βησω, eSrjcra, SeSe/ca, δεδε/χαί-, ΐΒέθην, ίο hind. Βίκη, -ης, η, right, justice. penalty. κνων,^ κννός, 6 or tj, a dog. ζη ραίνω (ζηραν-), ζηρανω, εζηρανα, ζζηρασ-μαυ, εζηράνθην, (Giro's, dry) to dry, ττλεω (πλν-'*), πλενσομαι or πλενσονμαι, επλβνσα, πεπλενκα, πεπλβνσμαί, to sail. φόβος, -ον, 6, {φίβομαι, to flee affrirjhted) feav, frigid. Exercises. I. 1. Ιπίθησεται ημυν. 2. καΐ KeXevovaL φνλάτ- τεσθαι, μη νμΐν έπιθωνται της νυκτός^ οΐ βάρβαρα. 3. την Βίκην -χρήζω έπιθείναι αντω. 4. τούτους he eKeXeve θεσθαι τα όπλα nepl την αύτου σκηνήν» FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Ill 5. ei^rav^a ανετίθεσαν βακτηρίας καΐ τα αΐχ^μάλωτα γβρρα. 6. τταρα τους θεονς ημείς την φιΚίαν συνθε- μένοι κατεθεμεθα. 7. καΐ οΐκίαν ουΖεμίαν εΧιπεν, όπως φόβον ενθείη τοις άλλοις. 8. ονκετι επετιθεντο οΐ πολέμιοι τοϊς καταβαίνονσι, 8ε8οικότες μη άποτμη- θείησαν, II. 1. καΐ εν τάζει θεμενοι τα όπλα σννηλθον οι στρατηγοί και λογαγοΧ πάρα ^Αριαΐον. 2. τους μεν οπλίτας αντου εκελευσε /xeti^at, τας ασπίδας προς τα γόνατα θεντας. 3. τους γαρ κύνας τους χαλεπούς τας ημέρας διδΙαοΊ. 4. τας 8ε βαλάνους των φοινί- κων ζηραίνοντες τραγηματα άπετίθεσαν. 5. τοΓς τελευταίοι? επεθεντο, καΐ άπεκτεινάν τ ίνας. β. καΧ εμβάντες εΙς πλοϊον, καΐ τα πλείστου afta ενθεμένοι, απέπλευσαν, III. 1. The hoplites stood under arms. 2. They feared that the Greeks would attack them during the night. 3. He will inflict punishment on them. 4. They are about to attack us. 5. They halted under arms near the general's tent. 6. They grounded arms beside the river. IV. 1. I fear that he may take^ me and inflict punishment on (me). 2. They set before them on the same table meats of all kinds. 3. The army will go up® on the hill and attack the enemy. 4. The enemy attacked them vigorously. 112 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. NOTES. * See note 1, Lesson XLIX. 2 See § 110, III., n. 1, and ^ 17, 2, n. 3 ^ 60, 5, 15. " I 108, II. 2. On the second form of the future, see g 110, II. 2, n. 2. * I 179, 1, ^ Use a participle. LESSON LI. Verbs: Eegular in MI (continued), δίδω/Λΐ. Grammae : § 123, 2, tlie inflection of διδω/χι through- out; § 121 entire; § 122, 1, with notes 1 and 4; § 123, 1, the synopsis of διδω/χι in the Present and Second Aorist Systems, and 3, the synopsis of the Indicative of 8ί8ωμι ; ^ § 68, N., the declension of διδους. Vocabulary. αΚίσκομαι (άλ-, άλο-), άλωσομαι, ηλωκα or ίάλωκα ; 2 a. τ^λω^^ ^ or γίγνώ(τκω (yj/o-), γναχτομαι, εγνωκα, ^γι/ωσμαι, έγνωσθην; 2 a. ^τγνων, βρωτάω,^ ερωτήσω, etc. reg., θυσία, -ας, η, (θν'ω) πίπράσκω* (πρα-), πέπρακα, ττ^πρα- μαί, ^πράθιην, (ττερεω, στεριησω, etc. rcg., σύνθημα, -ατός, τό, (σ-υν-τίθημι) σώμα, -ατός, τ6. to be captured. ίο KNOW. to inquire, a sacrifice. to sell, to deprive, an agreement, a pass2vord. the body. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 11 ο Exercises. I. 1. δίδωοΊ Se αντω Κνρος μνρίονς Βαρεικονς. 2. μετά ταύτα iSiSoTo Xiyeiv τω βονΧομίνω. 3. iv- τανθα δε μενονσιν, iav μη τις αντοΐς χρήματα δίδω. 4. ηρώτων eKeivoi, βΡ holev αν τούτων τα πιστά. 5. καΐ Sovvau καΐ λαβείν πίστα έθζλομεν, 6. και νμεΐς μη 4κΒωτ€ μ€. 7. άναγνονς την έπίστολην άνακοίνονταυ %ωκράτ€ί. 8. καΐ Ιπποι ηλωσαν eh ^ €Ϊκοσι, καΐ η σκηνή εάλω. II. 1. παραΒόντες δ' αν τα όπλα καΐ των σωμά- των^ στερηθείημεν. 2. ον yap εγωγ ert πρεσβύ- τερος εσομαι, εαν τημερον προΖω εμαντον τοΓς πολε- μίοις. 3. ταύτα καΐ σεσωσται Su ν μας τη στρατιά καΐ παραΒί^ωμι αντα εγω ύμΐν, νμεϊς δε διαθεμένοι ΒιάΒοτε τη στρατιά. 4. άκονσαντες ταύτα, καΐ δε^ιά? Βόντες καΐ λαβόντες, άπηλαννον. δ. εάν τις άλω ένδον των στρατιωτών, πεπράσεται.^ 6. πρό- σθεν αν άποθάνοιμεν η τα όπλα παραδοίημεν, III. 1. And they gave the village-chief (liberty^) to take this. 2. And he did not pay them.^^ 3. And they bound the guide and gave (him) over to them. 4. But the soldiers knew this. 5. They gave the Greeks a barbarian spear. IV. 1. And when the sacrifice had been made/^ they gave over the hides to the Spartan. 2. And they said that (it was) time^^ to pass along the watch- 114 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. word. 3. And she was said to liave given ^^ much money to Cyrus. 4. They proceeded with^* the ca^Dtured man (as) guide. NOTES. ' g 110, III., N. 1. *■* The second aorist is inflected like that of γιγνοβσ-κω, ^ 125, 3, n. 2. For the enlarging of the simple stem, see ^ 109, 8, n., and observe, fur- ther, that άλίσ-κομαι serves as a passive to αίρ^'ω. ^ The aorist generally in use in this sense in Attic is ηρομην from €pop.au "* The Attic uses άττοδώσομαι and wTSo^r\v in the future and aorist. ^ ^ 282, 4. ^ Future perfect of πιπράσ-κω. 6 About. 9 Cf. I. 2. ' ^ 174. "^ Greek idiom, did not give them pay. " WTien . . . had been made, lirtiS-t\ . . . lyiviro. '^ ώρα. " Use the aorist infinitive, ^ 260, 2, and see note 1, Lesson XXXIX. '^ έ'χοντ€5. LESSON LII• Verbs : Eegular in MI (continued), οεικνυμι, Grammae : § 123, 2, the inflection of Βέίκννμυ through- out; § 121 entire; § 122, 2, with N. 5; § 123, 1, the synopsis of Βείκνυμι in the Present and Second Aorist Systems, and 3, the synopsis of the Indicative of heiKw^i ; § G8, the declension of heiKvv'^. Yocabulary. άπ-όλλυ/χι (ολ-^), ολώ, ώλεσ-α, ολώ- to destroy ut~ Xe/ca ; 2 p. ολωλα, to be undone; 2 a. tevly, to lose' mid. ώλό/ΧΤ^Γ, mid. to peris/l. eTTo/xat ((Τ€π-), Ιψο/χαι, ίσπόμηι^,'^ to folloio. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 11 ;» I ζβνγννμι (ζνγ-^), ζενξω, εζενξα, e^euy/xat, έζενχ^θην ; 2 a. pass. Ιζνγην, κατα-8νω, Βύαω, etc. reg. ; 2 a. Ιδυι^/ ομννμι (o/x-, ομο-^), ομονμαι, ωμοσα, ομώμοκα, ομώμοσμαι^ ώμόθιην or ώμόσθιην, ττήγνυμι (παγ-^), πήζω, εττηζα ; 2 ρ. TreTTTJwa, to be fixed; 2 a. pass. en ay ην y τΐνίω (ttvv-\ TTvevcro μαι or Tjvev- σονμαί,^ invevaa, πβτινβνκα, σνμ-μίγννμί [μιγ-), μίζω, €μίζα, μεμίγμαι, εμιγθΎΐν ; 2 a. pass. έμίγην, Exercises. to YOKE, to join, to make to sink doivn, to sink. to sioear. to fix ^ to freeze, to hloiu, to breathe. to MIX ivith. I. 1. άλλτ^λοις συμμιγνυασιν. 2. άλλοις επι- heiKvvvTaL•. 3. κοΧ άνεμος ivavTLo<; eirvei ττηγνυς τους ανθρώπους. 4. άπεΒείκννντο οΐ μάντεις πάντες γνώμην. 5. τοι^ς άνδρας αυτούς οΐς ώμνυτε άπολω- Χεκατε. 6. πολλά των υποζυγίων άπώλλυτο υπο \ιμου, 7. hiKaiov^ γαρ άπόΧΚυσθαι τους επιορ- κουντας. 8. και άποτεμόντες τάς κεφάλας των νεκρών, επε^είκνυσαν τους εαυτών πολεμίους. II. 1. καΐ αυτόν τε άποκτιννύασι και τους άλλους πάντας. 2. το υΖωρ, ο εφεροντο επΙ ^εΐττνον, επψ 116 FIRST LESSONS IN GKEEK. γνντο. 3. τούτοις τοις Secr/xotg e^ei/yz^uz^ τους ασκούς προς άΧΚηλονς. 4. πα? γαρ ά(τκος Svo άνΒρας i^€L του μη καταΒνναι.^ 5. οΐ σνν^ττόμενοι άπώ\λ.νντο. β. ώσ"Τ€ ωρα^ καί σοΙ ^πιΖείκννσθαι την 7rat8etar. III. 1. They show the soldiers the tracks of the horses. 2. Hereupon he expresses his opinion. 3. They showed their plan to the soldiers. 4. He wishes to show justice. 5. As he says this,^ some- body sneezes. 6. The wind is freezing the beasts of burden. IV. 1. Let some one express his opinion. 2. When he heard this/*^ he sank down in shame." 3. After this (one) another arose, pointing out the folly of the man. 4. For the seers declare that there will be a battle. NOTES. » ? 108, V. 4, N. 2. * For an original σ6-σ(€)'ΐΓ-ομην (a reduplicated second aorist). ' This verb belongs to both class V, and class II. ^ There are two forms of the present, 8νω and 8υνω, the first transi- tive, the second intransitive. All the forms of the middle, with the per- fect and second aorist active, are also intransitive, to sink down. 5 g 109, 8, N. ^ ξ 110, II. 2, Ν. 2. The perfect in Attic Greek occurs only in com- position. ' SC. €<Γτί. ^ ^ 263, 1, last example. » § 278, 1. ^" g 277, 1. " ύνό with the genitive. See also ^ 141, n. 1 δ. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 117 LESSON LIII. Verbs : Second Perfect and Pluperfect of tlie ΛΙΙ -Form. Grammar : § 12-1 entire; § 125, 4 (read simply) ; § 127, VII. Yocabularj. αγών, -ωΐΌς, 6, (άγω) a7i assembly, games, a contest. SevSpov, -ov, TO, a tree. 8ι8άσκω (βιΒαχ-^), διδάξω, etc.rcr;., ίο teach. Βίκαίος, -a or -09, -01^, (δίκη) just, right. ελευθερία, -ας, η, (eXivGipos, /rce) Jreedom, liberty, θίγομαι, οΙγηοΌμαι, οίχωκα^ or ωχωκα, to he gone. (Τνμμαγία, -Ct9, 7^, (σνμμαχοβ, (τυμμα- χομαι) an alliance. νπισγνεομαι,^ ύποσγιησομαι, νπε- (τχημαί ; 2 a. mid. νπεσ^ομηι/, (νίΓΟ and 6χω) to promiSC. Exercises. I. 1. ού yap πω τότε αφεστασαν. 2. τεθνεω- τας^ πολλούς ενρησω. 3. ουκ Ιστε ο τι ποιείτε. 4. εδεδισ'αΐ' ΤΎ]ν στρατιαν οι την μισθοφοραν νπε- σχημεροι. 5. καΐ νυν δυο καλώ τε κάγαθώ αν^ρε τεθνατον. 6. οι πολέμιοι ημών ουκ Ισασί πω την ημετεραν συμμαγίαν. 7. σύνοι^α εμαυτω πάντα έ^ευσμενος "" αυτόν. 8. /cat άλλοι δε εφεστασαν εζω 118 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. των ο^νορων • ου yap rqv αίτψαλβς ez^ τοις o€vopoL<; m Ιστάναι πΚείον ^ η τον iva Χόχον, 9. 6 ζβναγος τους ττρο^ίαβββώτας λαβών ω^ετο, 1. οπως oe /cat €ίοητ€ et? otoz' ep^eatfe αγωζ/α, εγώ ύ/^ας ειδώς διδάξω. 2. παρην δε ό σατράττη^ βονλόμενος elhevai τι πραχθησεται. 3. ο ν yap ^δε- (ταζ/ αντον τεθνηκοτα? 4. ort μέντοι άοικείσθαι νομίζει νφ* νμών οΐδα. 5. τω δε άζ^δρΐ πείσομαι Ινα eihrjT€ ΟΤΙ και αργεσθαι έπίσταμαι. 6. και ζώντας τινας αντων προυθνμηθημεν λαβείν αντον τοντον ένεκα, όπως ηγεμόσιν εΙΒοσι την -χωράν γρησαίμεθα, III. 1. For Ι know where ^ tliey are gone. , 2. Some^ are dead, and the rest are being besieged. 1 3. He wept a long^^ time standing. 4. But he at once drives awaj those standing around." 5. Cyrus kept finding many pretexts, as you also well know. 6. For well know that I should jorefer freedom. IV. 1. Know this, however. 2. For he knew this. 3. Whether, then, I shall do what is just,^^ I do not know. 4. I am not willing to go, fearing ^^ that he may take me and inflict punishment on (me). NOTES. ' I 108, VI., N. 3. ^ Strengthened from ύπί'χομαι. * ^ 109, 8, N. * I (39, N. " That I have deceived, I 280, with n. 2. ^ A greater {numher), neuter singular accusative, subject of eo-ravcu. ' That he had died (lit. him having died). ^ Οίτη. ^^ TToXiis. ^ 'i 143, 1. " I 276, 2. '^ WJiat is just, — Greek idiom, just {things). FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 119 LESSON LIV. Verbs: Irregular in MI, et/xi, et/xt, and φημί. Grammar: § 127, with L, IL, and IV. ;i § 27, with 3; § 28 entire. Vocabulary. Βνσμη» -ης, η, (δΰνω) a sinking, a setting, θόρυβος, -ου, ό, a noise, an uproar, θύρα, -as, η, a DOOR; plur. quar- ters, court, κραυγή, -ης, η, (κράξω, to cry) an outcry, a shout. κρίσις, -€ως, η, (κρίνω) a judgment, a trial. ληστεία, -ας, η, (λχιστηδ, α robber; cf. λχίζομαι, λ€£α) rohhcry . τραύμα, -ατός, τό, (τιτρώσ-κω) α wound. φλυαρία, -ας, η, {^\vap6s, talkative) silly talk: ^\m. fool- eries, nonsense. Exercises. I. 1. καΐ πολλάκις Ιοί'τες βπΐ τας θύρας τον μισθον άπητουν. 2. παρβστι δ* ημΐρ, ^φη, 6 κηρυζ, 3. /cat Xeyerai ώς καλοί πλοΐ elaiv εΙς την Ελλάδα. 4. αλλ* €γώ φημι ταύτα φλυαρίας elvau. 5. ημείς, ην σωφρονωμεν, απυμεν ^ εντεύθεν. 6. ύμεΐς δ€ ουκ ητε εις τηνοε την γωραν. /. αυτός οε ουκ εφη ιεναι. 8. ώς δ* ην ηλως επί ^υατμαΐς, άνεστησαν. 9. εγω ουν φημι υμάς -χ^ρηναυ Βυαβηναι, 10. φησί 8ε, αρ προς εκείνον ίητε, ευ ποίήσειν υμα%* 120 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. II. 1. Koi ΧαβείΡ αύτος^ τρανμά φησυν. 2. ex etcretcrt, (τνΧΚηφθησεταυ. 3. \6γ€τω τι ecrrat τοι^ στρατιώται<ζ. 4. την Ζίκην εφη -χβ^ζειν έπίθζΐναί αντω. 5. eSd/cei γαρ εις την ίπιονσαν εω ^ rj^eiv βασιΚία. 6. τί<ζ γαρ αντω ^ εστίν οστυς της ^PXV'^ άντίΊΓΟιείται ; 7. νυν μεν ονν αττιτε, καταΧιποντες TovSe τον avhpa • όταν δ* Ιγω κελεύσω, πάρεστε ττρος την κρίσιν, III. 1. Tliey come on witli a great sliout."^ 2. Come now ! 3. Let us go to the men. 4. They denied that there was^ another road. 5. Let the hophtes be at hand with their arms. 6. They desisted ^ and went to their tents. IV. 1. No one went away to the king. 2. For what herald will be willing to go? 3. You got^^ your living by^^ robbery, as you yourself said. 4. They refused to go. 5. But (while) saying this, he heard a noise going through the ranks. NOTES. ' Note the simple stem of each verb carefully. 2 I 200, N. 3 h. ^ ουκ έ'φη, refused, declined. ^ For the case of avroS) which modifies the subject of λαβ€ΐν, see \ 138, N. 8 a. ' ^ 42, 2, N. 1. ^ To be construed with αντιποιείται. See ^ 173, 1, n. 2, first example, and § 186, n. 1. ' g 188, 1. 8 Cf. I. 7. •" Use ξχω, ^ Participle. " άιτο'. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 121 LESSON LY. Verbs : Irregular in MI {continued), ιημυ, rj^ai, and /cet/xat. Grammar: § 127, III., V., and \l. Yocabulary. έρημος, -η or -09, -01/, deserted ^ empty, μελζταω, μελετήσω, εμεΧε- τησα, μεμελέτηκα, (μελω, to ίο care for, to prac- be an object of care) tlSe. μηνύω, μηνύσω, etc. reg., to disclose, to make known, νίκη, -ης, ή, victory, νύζ, νυκτός, η, NIGHT. οίκετης, -ου, 6, (oTkos) α domestic, α servant. σωφρονεω, σωφρονησω, εσω- φρόνησα, σεσωφρόνηκα, (σώφρων, sound-minded; «rtos, safe, sound, and φοη'ν) to he WlSe, χιών, -όνος, η, snoio. Exercises. I. 1. επι του άρματος καθήμενος την πόρευαν εποιείτο. 2. ως είδε τον στρατηγον δυελαύνοντα, ίησι τη αζίνη. 3. τούτον hi, ην σωφρονητε, την νύκτα μεν δησετε, την δε ημεραν αφήσετε. 4. καΐ οκτώ 0L άριστοι των περί αύτον εκειντο επ' αύτώ. 5. ην δε το τεϊχος ωκοδομημενον πλίνθοις όπταίς εν α.σφα\τ(ι) κειμέναις. 6. ευθύς ίεντο άνω κατά την 122 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. φανβραι^ 6S6v, 7. ol Se ποΚίμιοι ^είσαντες ηκαν έαυτονς κατά της ^ιόζ^ος eU την ναπιην. 8. ττρωτον τω λ6)(ω ίνος των Άρκά^ων στρατηγών απιόντι ηοη eis το σνγκείμενον ίττιτιθενται. II. 1. levTOt ωσπερ αν Ζράμοι τι? ττερι νίκης. % ονκ yjOeke τους φεύγοντας ττροέσθαι. 3. Ιμ,εΚίτων τοζεύειν ανω τα τοζενματα ϋντες μακράν. 4. iv μ4σω γαρ ηΒη κείται ταντα τα άγα^α. 5, at δε βαλάνου των φοινίκων, οίας ev τοΙς ΈΧΚησιν εστίν ΙΖεΙν, τοΙς οίκεταις άπεκειντο. 6. καΐ επεί ηρζαντο καταβαίνειν ττρος τους άλλους ένθα τα όπλα εκείτο^ ίεντο 8η οΐ ττολεμιοι ττολλω Θορυβώ. 7. ενταυθ εκάθηντο^ και ουκ εφασαν πορεύεσθαι. III. 1. Straiglitway tliey ruslied into the boats. 2. And many were lying outstretched. 3. But they let their dogs loose by night. ^ 4. Why do I lie inactive? ,5. If you will make known the one who let the ass loose,^ you shall receive a reward. 6. But Avhen the trumpet sounded, they charged upon the enemy. IV. 1. But we are lying inactive. 2. Thence they proceeded to a large deserted fortress, lying near the city. 3. But saying,* "I see the man," he rushed at him. 4. He sends to him according to agreement.^ 5. Let him be seated on the chariot. NOTES. 3 ?, 9'7a 9 1 g 105, 1, N. 3. Μ 27G, * Tas vvKTas, g 161. '' Aorist. * Greek idiom, according to the (things) agreed upon. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 123 LESSON LYI. Verbs ! Principal Parts of Important Verbs arranged Alpha- betically. Grammar : § 32, 2, with n. ; § 92 entire ; § 107; § 108 ; ^ §109; §110; §111. Give the principal parts of the verbs that follow, explaining the formation of the present from the simple stem, and all other modifications of the stem that are in any way peculiar. άγγί'λλω (άγγελ-), announce, ayyeXii), ηγγίίΧα, ηγγίΧκα, ηγγ^Χμαι, ηγγ€λθψ. (IV.)' άγω, Icadf άέω, ηξα (rare), -^χα,^ riy^ai, ηχθην ; 2 a. ηγαγον. άΐρέω («λ-), take, αίρήσω, ^ρηκα, ^ρημαι, -βρέθην ; 2 a. et\ov. (VIII.)_ αΙσ^άνομαι (αισ^-), perceive, αίσθησομαι, ^σθημαι; 2 a. τ^σθόμην. (V-) άκουω (ακου- for olkoF-^, hear, άκονσομαι, ηκονσα, ηκονσθην ; 2 p. ακ-ήκοα. άλίσ-κομαι (άλ-, αλο-), be captured^ άΧώσομαί, ηΧωκα or ίάλωκα ; 2 a. ήλων or ίάλων. (VI.) άλλάττω (αλλαγ-), change, αλλάζω, ^λλα^α, -^λλαχα, ηλλαγμαι, ηλλάχθψ; 2 a. pass. ηλΚάγην. (IV.) αμαρτοίν» (αμαρτ-), err, άμαρτήσομαί, ημάρτηκα, ηράρτημαί, Ί/μαρ- τηθην ; 2 a. ημαρτον- (V.) βαίνω (/5α-, βαν-\ go, βησομαι, βίβηκα, -/?€/3ayu.at (rare), -Ιβάθην (rare) ; 2 p. {βφοχι) ; ^ 2 a. Ιβψ. (V. IV.) βοίλλω (βαλ -y βλα-), throw, βάλω, βίβληκα, βίβλημαί, Ιβληθην ; 2 a. Ιβαλον. (IV.) γίγνομαι (γεν-), hecoine, γενησομαι, γ^γ^νημαί ; 2 ρ. γίγονα, am ; 2 a. €•γ€ν6μην. (VIII.) γι-γνώσ-κω (γνο-), Jcuow, γνώσο/χαι, εγνωκα, ογνωσ/χαι, έγνωσθην ; 2 a. ί-γνων, perceived. (VI.) 124 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. γράψω, write, γράψω, έγραψα, -γ^γραφα, γξγραμμαί ; 2 a. pasS. ζ-γράφην. δείκνυμι (δεικ-), sIlOW, Βά^ω, eSct^a, ^ζ^αχα, SeSecy/xat, ίΒζίχθην. (2.)® -8ι8ράσ•κω (δρα-), ri6?Z away, -δράσο /xat, -δεδρακα; 2 a. -Ιδραν/ (VI.) δί8ωμι (δο-), i/we, δώσω, Ιδωκα, δεδωκα, δεδο/ι,αι, εδο^τ^ν. (Ι.) δοκί'ω (δοκ-), seem, think, δό^ω, εδο^α, δεδογ/χαι, έΒόχθψ (rare). (VII.) _^ ^ , , coUi), permit, εάσω, €ΐασα, αακα, eia/xat, ^Ιάθην. €ΐμί (εσ-), 6e, ίσομαι, imperf. ξ»'. €Ϊμι (ί-), ^0, imperf. •^eii/ or Ja. clirov ® (cTT- for F€7r-, €/D-, pe-), sa/c/, ερώ, ειττα, €Ϊρηκα, ζΐρημαι, ippy- θψ. (VIII.) €λαννω (ελα-), drive, Oliarch, ελώ, •;^λασα, ελϊ/λακα, ζληλαμαι, ηλά- θψ. (V.) 4'ρχομαι (ίλυ^-, ελευ^-), ρΌ, come, ΙΧίνσομαί^ ; 2 ρ. ελτ^λυ^α; 2 a. ?λ^ον. (VIII.) €σθίω (εδ-, φαγ-), ία?*, Ιδορ,αι, εδτ/δοκα, εδϊ/δεσρ,αι, η^έσθην; 2 a. Ιφαγον. (VIIL) «νρίσκω (εΰρ-), j/?7Z(i, ουρήσω, €υρηκα, ζνρημαί, ^νρίθην ; 2 a. cvpov. (VI.) NOTES. * In ^ 108, I 109, and § 110, learn the larger type, but merely read the notes and list of examples. No peculiarities of formation explained in these paragraphs are again referred to in the following notes. ^ The numeral in parenthesis designates the class to which the verb belongs. When no such numeral occurs, the verb (except irregular verbs in μι) belongs to class I. ^ A hyphen prefixed to a form indicates that it occurs only in com- position. For ήγαγον, see § 100, 2, n. 4. 4 For άκ-ηκορ-α, g 102. δ For the 2 p., see ξ 125, 4 ; for the 2 a., ^ 125, 3. ^ Verbs in μι are divided into two classes (marked here respectively 1 and 2). Those marked 2 are a subdivision of V. of the general classi- fication (see ^ 108, V. 4). All other regular verbs in μι (including those with reduplicated present stems, § 121, 3) are marked 1, and constitute the first class of verbs in μι, ^ See note 2, Lesson XLVIH. ' g 125, 3, N. 1. » I 200, N. 3 b. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 125 LESSON LYII. Verbs : Principal Parts of Important Verbs {continued). (jRAMMAR: § 32, 2, with n.; § 92 entire; § 107; § 108; §109; § 110; § 111. Give the principal parts of the verbs that follow, explaining the formation of the present from the simple stem, and all other modifications of the stem that are in any way peculiar. «X« (^εχ-5 ο-χε-)' have, Ιξω^ or σχησω, ίσχηκα, ^σχημαι, Ισχίθψ; 2 a. Ισχον. (VIII.) |€υγνυμι {ζν-/-), yoke, ζευ^ω, Ιζευξα, e^evy/xat, Ιζξ.νχθψ; 2 a. pass. lζ{,yψ. (II. 2.) θάτΓτω (ταφ- for θαφ-), bwy, θάψω, ίθαψα^ τίθαμμαί; 2 a. pass. €τάφην. (III.) θνησ-κω (θαν-, θνα-), die, θανονμαι, τίθνηκα; 2 ρ. (τέθναα) ; 2 a. ίθανον. (VI.) ΐημι (e-), SOld, ησω, ήκα, ciko, et/xai, ξχθην. Ικνεομαι (ικ-), COmc, ΐξομαί, Γγ /xat ; 2 a. Ικόμην. (V.) ϊστημι (στα-), set, place, στήσω, ΐστησα, Ιστηκα^ €σταμαί, έστάθην; 2 ρ. (εσταα) ; 2 a. Ιστην. (ΐ.) κλίνω (κλιι/-), head, incline, κλίνω, έκλινα, κίκΧίμαι, ΙκΧίθην ; 2 a. pass. Ικλίνην. (IV.) κόΐΓτω (κοτΓ-), cut, κόψω, ίκοψα, -κ^κοφα, κίκομμαι; 2 a. pass. Ικό- ττην. (III.) κρίνω (κριν-\ judge, κρίνω, ΐκρννα, κίκρικα, κ^κριμαχ, Ικρίθην. (IV.) κτείνω {κτεν-), Mil, κτα'ω, ίκτανα; 2 ρ. (.κτονα; 2 a. Ικτανον. (IV.) λαμβάνω (Χαβ-), take, Χ-ηψομαι^ ίϊληφα, ^ΐΧημμαι, ΙΧηφθην ; 2 a. ϋ,αβον. (V.) λανθάνω (λα^-), lie hid, escape the notice of, (mid. forget), Χησω, ΧΐΧησμαι; 2 p. ΧΐΧηθα ; 2 a. ΐΧαθον. (Υ.) λί'γω, say, Χίζω, ελε^α, AeAey/xat, ΙΧζχθην, 126 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. -λέγω, gather, arrange, count, λε^^ω, eXe^a, -elXo^a, -ciXey/xai or -λ^λζ-γμαί, έλ^χθην ; 2 a. pass. -(Χί-γην. λείπω (λιττ-), leave, λεΐί/^ω, λελει/Α/χαι, ίλζίφθην ; 2 ρ. λελοιττα ; 2 a. e'AtTTOj/. (II•) μ,ανθάνω (/χα^-), leam, μαθησομαι, μ^μάθηκα ; 2 a. ίμαθον. (V.) μί-γνυμι (/χ-ΐγ-), ??ΐώ, μίζω, €μίζα, μέμίγμαί, έμίχθην; 2 a. pass. (.μί-γην. (2.) μιμνησ-κω (/χνα-), renvhid (mid. remeniher^, /χνϊ/σω, ύμνησα, μΐ- /Λΐ/ϊ^/λαι {memini), ^μνησθην (as mid.). (VI.) οϊγνυμι (οιγ-) and οϊγω, opCTl, οι^ω, ω^α ΟΓ -€ω^α> '^"i^X"? -εωγ/^αι, €ωχθψ ; 2 ρ. -€ωγα (rare). (2.) έ'λλυμι (ολ-), destroy, lose, 6λώ, ώλεσα, -ολοίλεκα ; 2 ρ. ολωλα, 2')crish ; 2 a. mid. ώλόμψ, pc7ished. (2.) ό'μνυμι and όμνυω (o/i--, ό/ΛΟ-), SWCar, ομονμαί, ωμοσα, υμώμοκα^ όμώμοσμαι, ωμόθην or ωμόσθην. (2.) όράω (θ7Γ-, ιδ-), see, οψομαι, ίώρακα 0V ίόρακα, ίώραμαι or ωμμαι^ ί^φθην; 2 a. εΓδο^'. (VIII.) Ίτάσ-χω (τταθ-, ττίνθ-), suffer, ττύσομαι ; 2 ρ. ττίττονθα ; 2 a. ΐτταθον. (VIII.) ΤΓίΙθω (τΓΐ^-), persuade^ ττεισω, «ττεισα, ττίττζίκα^ πίπίΐσμαι, Ιττύσθην ; 2 ρ. ττετΓΟί^α, i!riiSii. (II.) NOTES. * For σ€ξω. ^ For σ-ε-σ-τηκα. ^ See note 7, Lesson XLV. LESSON LVIII. Verbs : Principal Parts of Important Verbs {continued). Grammar : § 32, 2, with n. ; § 92 entire; § 107; § 108; § 109; § 110; § 111. Give the principal parts of the verbs that follow, explaining the formation of the present from the simple stem, and all other modifications of the stem that are in any way peculiar. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 127 ττίμιτω, SCnd, ττίμ,ψω, €7Γ€/χι/^α, ττετΓΟ/χφα, πεπ^μμαι, Ιττ^μφθην. ττίμιτλημι (ττλα-), fill, ττλησω, Ιττλν^σα, τΓεττλϊ/κα, ττ^πλησμαι, ΙττΧη- σθψ. (1.) ΊΓίτΓτω (ttct-, TTTO-^y fall, 7Γ€σοί}/χαι, ττετττωκα ; 2 a. εττεσοΓ. (VIII.) Ίτληττω (ττλαγ-, ττλτ/γ-), strike, ττλη^ω, ίττληζα, -n-CTrXi^y/Aat, εττλτ;- χ^τ^ν (rare) ; 2 ρ. 7Γ€7Γλη•γα (rare) ; 2 a. pass. Ιττληγην or -CTrAciyr;»/. (II. IV.) ιτράττω (τΓ/ΰαγ-), c?o, ττρά^ω, ίττραέα, τΓεττραχα, ττίπραγμαι^ ΙτΓράγβ-ην ; 2 ρ. 7Γ€7Γ/3αγα, have fared {luell or i/Q. (IV.) πυνθάνομαι (ττνθ-), hear, enquire, ττευσο/χαι,^ ττίττνσμχΐί ; 2 a. eTru- θόμην. (V.) ρίΐΓτω (ριφ-), throw^ ρίψω, epptij/a, ίρριφα^ ϊρριμμαι, ζρρίφθην ; 2 a. pass. Ιρρίφψ. (III.) σπείρω {σιτ€ρ-\ SOIV^ στηρω, εσττειρα, ίστταρμαι ; 2 a. pass. Ισττάρην. (IV.) στ€'λλω (στελ-), send, στελώ, έστειλα, εσταλκα, ΐσταΧμαί ; 2 a. pass. ΙστόΧψ. (IV.) στρέφω, ^wr?^, στρίψω, εστρει/^α, ΐστραμμαι, ΙστρΙφθην; 2 ρ. Ιστροφο. (rare) ; 2 a. pass. Ιστράφψ. σφάττ» and σ-φάζω (σφαγ-), sZay, σφά^ω, έσφαζα, εσφαγ/χα/: ; 2 a. pass. Ισφά-^ψ. (IV.) τείνω (τεν-), stretch, τενώ, ετεινίχ, τίτακα, τίταμαι, Ιτάθην. (IV.) τε'μνω (τε/χ-, τ/λε-), CM^, τε/χώ, τέτμηκα, τ€τμημαι^ ζτμηθην ; 2 a. ίΤίμον or ΐταμον. (V.) τήκω (τακ-), me /^ί, Τϊ/^ω, εττ/^α, Ιτηχθην (rare) ; 2 ρ. τίτηκα ; 2 a. pass. Ιτάκψ. (II.) τίθημι (^ε-), jOlii, θησω, ίθηκα, tWukcl, τίθεμαι, ΙτΙθην. (1.) τιτρ«ϋ(Γκω (τρο-), wound, τρώσω, έτρωσα, τετρωρ,αι, Ιτρώθην. (VI.) τρε'ιτω, ί'^ίτη, τρίψω, ετρει/^α, τίτροφα or τίτραφα, τίτραμμαι, Ιτρί- φθην ; 2 a. mid. ίτραττόμην ; 2 a. pass. Ιτράττην. τρέφω (τρίφ- for θρ^φ-), nourish, θρίψω, ίθρ€ψα, τ€τροφα, τε- θραμμαί, Ιθρίφθψ (rare) ; 2 a. pass. Ιτράφψ. τρε'χω (τρε;(- for ^ρεχ-, 8ραμ-) run, Βραμονμαι^ Wpe^a (rare), -Βί^ράμηκα, -Βώράμημαί ; 2 a. ΙΒραμον, (VIII.) 128 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. τρίβω (rpt/?-), 0-uh, τρίψω, erptij/a, τετριφα, τίτριμμαι, Ιτρίφθην ; 2 a. pass, έτρίβψ. (II.) τυγχάνω (τυχ-), hit, happen, τενζομαί, τ€τνχηκα or τίτ^νχα ; 2 a. €τνχον. (V. II.) φαίνω (φαν-), show, φάνω, ίφηνα, ΤΓ€φαγκα, ττίφασμαί, ίφάνθην ; 2 ρ. ττίφψα ; 2 a. pass. Ιφάνψ. (IV.) φ€'ρω (οι-, ev€K-, ivcyK- for iv-eveK-), bear, οϊσω, ην^γκα, €νηνοχα, ivrjViyjxaL, ηνεχθην ; 2 a. ηνεγκον. (VIII.) φ€υγω (φυγ-), flee, φ^νζομαί ΟΓ φ^νζονμαί ; 2 ρ. ττεφευγα ; 2 a. €φνγον. (II') ώ?£ω (ωθ-), push, ώσω, έ'ωσα, ΐωσμαί, Ιώσθην. (VII.) ΝΟΤΕ. ^ See note 7, Lesson XLV. LESSON LIX. rormation of Words. Grammar : § 128 and § 129, 1-10, entire, committing all the Examples to memory. Exercises. I. Give tlie meaning of the following words and show their formation : — 1. Ίτληγη (ιτληττω, st. ττληγ-). 2. μίμησ -is (μιμίομαι, imitate). 3. τταχυτηδ (τΓαχν<ζ, thich). 4. ΑΙνίΐάδη?. 5. ίύΒαιμονία. 6. φυ- 1 λακή. 7. γ6ν€σΐ8^ (γιγνο/χ,αι, st. ycr-, to he horn). 8. λογισμο8 (λογίζομαι, st. λογιδ-, calculate). 9. aoiSos (α^ίΒω, sing). 10. το- ξότη?. 11. όνομασ-ία (ονομάζω, 7Kmie). 12. γράμμα. 13. Ιτητών. 14. αΙγί(ΓΚ05 (at^, st. αΐγ-, goat). 15. νησυ'Βριον (νησο';). 1G. βραδυτη? (βρα^ν% slow). 17. Φωκαΐ€ν5 (Φώκαια, Fkocaea), FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 129 18. βαοτανιαττηριον (βασανίζω^ cr OSS- question, torture). 19. (ΠΓονδη (σττει^δω). 20. μαθητρί9 ^ (/-ιαι^^άνω). 21. οίναίν (οΤι/ος). 22. φο- βθ5 (φζβομαί, flee affrighted). 23. πυ'σ-τι?, st. ττυστι- (ττυνθάνομαι, st. ττνθ-). 24. κτήμα (κτάο/χαι). 25. γραμματ€ΰ5. 26. χαρά (χαίρω, st, χαρ-, rejoice). 27. ΐΓηγ<ί5ιον (ττ-η-^η). 28. Ίταλιώτη? (Ίταλια, Italy). 29. δ€ΐΐΓνητηριον (δίίττι/εω, dine). 30. δρομεΰς (st. δρα/Λ- in €8ραμον, ran). 31. 4'ργον. 32. ψάλτρια (ψάλλω, st. ;/^αλ-, ^^«3/ ^^^^ harp). 33. άνδρία. 34. άκοντιστηρ (ακοντίζω, Λΐί?'/ the javelin). 35. πολίτίδ. 36. αϊσ-θησ-ι?. 37. κτίστωρ (κτίζω, found). 38. σκητΓτρον (σκηιττω, prop, support). 39. αριταγη. 40. oIkcv's. 41. μνήστι?, st. μνηστι- (μιμνήσκω). 42. άπλοτη? (άττλόο?, simple). 43. Πανθοίδη? (Πάι/^οο?, Pern- thous). 44. κυνάριον (κυων). 45. νομίΰδ (νομός, pasture). 46. <>δυρμο$ (οδύρομαι, hewail). 47. τταρθίνών (τταρθά/ος. Virgin). 48. aXerpis (άλεω, grind). 49. €υρο5. 50. ξδνΰλλιον (^eVos). II. Form words with the following meanings : — 1. Smith 2 (χαλκός; 2^ a). 2. Setting (δυω; 3,2^). 3. Hide, skin (δερω, flay ; 4, i). 4. Place for prayer ^ (άρίομαι, pray ; 6,1). 5. Pursuit (οιωκω ; 3,4). 6. Mani- kin^ (άνθρωπος; 8, 6). 7. AcTION (ττράττω, st. ττραγ- ; 3, 2). 8. Child (τίκτω, st. τεκ-, δπη^ /ο?•?ίΛ ; 4, 2). 9. Women's APARTMENT (γυΐ'ΐ}, st. γοναικ- ; 6, 3). 10. ArCHERESS (τόξον ; 2 ό, 7). 11. Messenger (άγγελλω, st. άγγελ-; 1, 1). 12. Fe- male FLUTE-PLAYER^ (αύλεω ; 2 δ, 6). 13. SoN OF TaNTA- Lvs (Τάνταλος, Tantalus). 14. Aeginetan ^ (Atyti/o, ^er/ma ; 10, 2). 15. Yoke (ζ^νγννμι, st. ζνγ- ; 1, 1). 16. Citizen (ττόλις ; 2 b, 3). 17. INSTRUMENT FOR STRIKING (ττλητ- τω; 5). 18. SmITHY^ (χαλκό?; 6,2). 19. LiTTLE SHIELD (άσττίς, st. άσττιδ- ; 8, 1). 20. PlATAEAN ^ (Πλάταια, Plataea ; 10,1). 21. Friendship 2 (μολογ€ω. 28. χ€ΐροτον€ω (χύρ ; τύνω). 29. <)8ηγο'5. 30. ν€0€ΐδη5, -U (veos, youthful ; ίΧ^ος, forvi) . NOTES. * Drop the final vowel of the stem, \ 128, 3, Έ. 3. ^ Change the β to μ before ν on a parallel principle to ^ 16, 3. SYNTAX. Learn in the Grammar only the matter in the two largest sizes of type, unless other sections are specified. Study all the examples there given, and read any remark in smaller type that is immediately added to the two largest sizes of type or to the examples. There are four sizes of type used in the Syntax of the Gram- mar. The Notes are printed in the third of these sizes (bour- geois), and are not to be committed to memory unless specially mentioned. LESSON LXI. Subject and Predicate. — Apposition. — Agreement of Adjec- tives. —The Article. Grammar: §§ 133-143. Add § 142, 1, n., but omit § 140 and § 143, 2. Exercises. I. 1. rjv ϊχι^Ύ) ανθρώπων. 2. καί εχευ την ^Ορόν- τα SvvafjLLVy τον^ την βασυλ^ως θυγατέρα έχοντος. 3. ώ(7Τ€ το στράτευμα πάμπολυ έφάνη. 4. του ορους^ η κορυφή υπέρ αυτού του στρατεύματος ην. 5. θ(τα δι^ ev τη άναβάσ^ί τη μετά Έ^ύρου οι ΈΧΧη- νες έπραξαν μέχρι της μάχης, iv τω πρόσθεν λόγω FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 133 δεδτ/λωται. 6. TjjSe γαρ rfj ημ,βρα ^ μνριονς oxfjeaOe ανθ^ ίνος Κλβαρ^ου?. 7. τους p.€u αυτών άπβκτβίνε, τους δ' βζββαλεν. 8. ακούω Se κώμας elpaL καλας ου ττλβον είκοσι σταΖίων^ άπεγονσα^. 9. Τίαρνσατι<ζ δτ) Ύ) μητηρ έφίλει τον Κνρον μάλλον fj τον βασι- λεύοντα ^Αρταζβρζην, 10. εντεύθεν εζελαύνει εΙς 1\.ελαινας, πόλιν οικονμένην, μεγαλην και εν^αίμονα. 11. αγαθός 6 άνηρ. 12. εκηρνζε^ δε τοΐς 'Έλλησι σνσκενάζεσθαι.^ 13. κσΧ είΖον τους λόφους ασμε- voiJ 14. εν τ)7 πρόσθεν προσβολτ) ολίγους εχων^ επαθεν ού^εν. Ιδ. * Αθηναίων το πλήθος 'Ίππαργον οιονται τύραννον οντά άποθανεΐν. 16. το S' απλούν και το αληθές ενόμιζε το αύτο τω ηλιθίω^ εΐί^αι. 17. και το βασιλειον σημεΐον οραν εφασαν, άετόν τ/,ζ^α 'χρυσούν. 18. προς σκηνην ηεσαν την Ξενοφώντος, Η. 1. And the gods are judges of tlie contest. 2. I will carry you o\^er, if you will bestow upon me^^ a talent (as) pay. 3. But the enemy on ^^ the hill observed their march to^^ the summit. 4. In this pursuit many of the foot-soldiers were slain. 5. And some proceeded and others followed. 6. And he ^^ said ^^ the expedition was against the Pisidians. 7. All urged Xenophon to go. 8. And she gave him much money. 9. The commanders (are) safe. 10. Many of the barbarians were upon " this pyramid. 11. And there were many other vil- lages on^^ this plain. 12. He tried to restore the exiles. 13. The general, accordingly, ga\^e the 3 § 189. ' ι 175, 1. ' ι 134, ΪΓ. Id. 6 ι 134, 3, second parag; rapli. ' g 138, Ν. 7. « § 277, 5. κ 134 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. satrap a four-horse cliariot. 14. There is in this place a palace of the ^^ great king. NOTES. * Him who has, etc. ^ ^ 186. 2 Partitive genitive, g 142, 2, n. 2. ^^ | 184, 1. " €πί with the genitive. ^^ tiri with the accusative. '3 I 143, 1, N. 2. '* φημί with the infinitive. '' iv. '^ See note 1, Lesson XXI. LESSON LXII. Pronouns. Geammar : §§ 144-154. Omit § 144, 2 h. Exercises. , 1 . ovK €ς Lcrov, ω α^νοψων, ecfJiev • crv μα/ γαρ εφ* ϊππον οχεΓ, βγω Se χαλεπώς κα/Α^ω 7171^ άστΓίδα φέρων. 2. 'Κβιρίσοφον δε /ceXeuet οί σνμπεμ- xfjaL άπο τον στόματος άνδρας. 3. άπορονμενοις αιτοις προσηΚ(76 τις ανηρ. 4. αιτος οεςιας οους συνέλαβε τους στρατηγούς. 5. '^t^ ow αντων επι- σκε\\ίώμεθα τίνες πεττανται σφενΒόνας, καί τούτω οω- μεν αντων ^ άργύρυον, ίσως τίνες φανοννταυ ίκανοι ημάς ώφεΧεϊν. 6. λοιπόν "^ μοι εΙπεΐν όπερ καΐ μεγιστον νομίζω είναι. 7. άλλου τίνος ^ δει προς τούτοις οίς λέγει. 8. οι στρατηγοί, οΐ δια πίστεως τοΙς βαρβα- ροις εαντονς ενεχείρισαν, πολλά και κακά πεπόνθασιν. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK, 135 9. προς δε βασι\4α π4μττων ηζίον αδελφό? ωρ ^' αντον Βοθηραι oV ταύτας τας πόλεις. 10. Αεζιπποί' δε κελεύουσι 8ια<τώσαντα αντοΐς^ τα πρόβατα, τα p.eu αντον ^ λαβείν, τα δε σφίσυν άπο^ονναυ, 11. ούν ωρα εστίν αμεΚειν 'ημών αντων. ι Δ. ει yap τα σα καλώς ε^οι.^^ 13. τεκμηριον δε τούτον και τόδε/^ 14. σν τε γαρ '^Έλλην εΐ καΐ ημείς το- σοντοι^^ οντες οσονς σν οράς. Ιδ. ονς ονν εώρα εθελοντας κιν^ννενειν, τοντονς αργοντας εποίει ης κατεστρεφετο χώρας.^"" 16. καΐ Βεΐται σον τημερον τοντον τον οινον εκπιεΐν σνν οίς ^^' μάλιστα φιλεΐς. 17. τίνα γνώμην ^χ^ις περί της πορείας; 18. εΐ ονν ννν άποοειχθείη τίνα χρη ^^ ηγεΐσθαι, ονκ αν, οπότε οι πολέμιοι ελθοιεν,^^ βονλενεσθαι ημάς Βεοι.^^ II. 1. / am Avilling to transport you. 2. For they are now themselves burning the king's country. 3. But once the king's army ^^ invaded their coun- try.^^ 4. And beside these he had (those) whom^^ the king gave him. 5. But if any one sees another better ^^ (plan), let him spealv. 6. And he commanded what soldiers he himself had to follow. 7. Having persuaded his own city,^^ he sailed away. 8. But they attempted to induce him to return. 9. Where- fore the king did not perceive the plot against^* himself. 10. You neither love them^^ nor (do) they ^^ (love) you. 11. But with these arms we will fight even for^^ your possessions. 12. He thinks the general sent back to him'^^ what army he had. 136 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 13. Cyrus set out with^^ (those) whom I have men- tioned. 14. He designated the same man (as) general. 15. They planned these same (things), 16. Who wounded Cyrus, the son^ of Darius? NOTES. ^ The preceding pause prevents the recession of the accent. ^5 I 154, N. ' § 277, 5. ^ For them. 4 So. €(Γτί. ^ Something else. See ^ 172, 1. ^ I 277, 2. "^ Accented when emphatic. « ^ 184, 3. ' I 145, 1. »<' ^ 171, 2. ^^ Sc. πράγματα. »2 § 251, 1. »3 § 148, N. 1. »^ I 87, 1. ^ Accusative of the reflexive with irpo's. ^ έχων. ^ U41, ϊ. 4. '6 I 153, Έ. 1. ^7 i 134, K. 2. ^« I 224, and ^ 232, with 4. " ^ ro?/ai army. ^ Threw {itself) in upon (ds) them. ^1 Use o § 279, 1 3 Use the participle. ' § 200, N. 1. ■* Use the aorist subjunctive. 160 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK LESSON LXXY. Indirect Discourse : Simple Sentences after on and ώ^ and in Indirect Questions. Grammar : § 241 ; §§ 243-245. Exercises. 1. επ^θξ.ικρυσαν oia βίη η απορία apev τής Κ,νρον γρώμης και μίνειν και aTTteVat. 2. και ον- ττοτε ip€L ουδείς ως €γω ττροΒον'ζ νμας την των βαρ- βάρων φιΚιαν €ΐ\6μην. 3. εγνω οτι ου SvvijcreTaL τους στρατίώτας βίάσασθαυ levau. 4. καυ μάλα Ύΐθνμησάν τυνβς, εννοουμένου μη τα Ιπιτη^εια^ ουκ eyoiev οπόθεν Χαμβάνουεν. 5. αλλά οΐ ποΧβμιου έθεωντο οπού ποτέ TpixpovTaL οΐ '^ΈΧΧηνε<; καΐ τί εν νω εγοιεν. β. εΧεζεν ώ? γείτων τε εΐη της Ελλάδος καΐ περί πΧειστου αν ποιησαιτο σωσαι ημάς. 7. άκου- σας δε αενοφων ελεγεν οτι ορθώς tjticovto και αυτό το έργον αυτοΐς μαρτυροίη. 8. εΐ'θα Srj οί '^ΕΧΧηνες έγνωσαν οτι πΧαίσιον ΙσόπΧευρον πονηρά τάζις ειη. 9. ό δε Χεγει οτι ουκ εΖόκει αυτω έρημα καταΧιπειν τα οπισυεν. ί\). ελεςεν οτι ούτω σωτήριας αν τυ- 'χοιεν. 11. οϋτοι εΧεγον οτι Κύρος μεν τεθνηκεν, Άριαΐος δε πεφευγως έν τω σταθμω ειη καΐ Χεγοι οτι περιμεινειεν αν αυτούς. 12. αποκρίνεται οτι ταυτ αν εποιησεν ημάς ιοων. Ιο. εΚεγον οτι ουπωποο ούτος 6 ποταμός διάβατος γένοιτο πεζή. 14. εβου- Χεύοντο ει^ τα σκευοφόρα ενταύθα άγοιντο i] άπίοιεν i FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 161 inl TO (ττρατόπεοον. 15. "ηρώτων el hoiev av τούτων τά πιστά. 11.*^ 1. And Cyrus said tliat tlie expedition would be against the great king. 2. But lie answered that he had deliberated with respect to this. 3. For they now knew that he was leading (them) against his brother. 4. And he shouted that the king was com- ing on with a great army. 5. For the satrap said that Cyrus had plotted against the king. 6. But they deliberated how "^ they should drive the men away from the hill. 7. He asked whither^ he should turn. 8. They knew that their fear was groundless. 9. He said that he would arrest him and put (him) to death. 10. But he did not indi- cate what he would do. 11. But he was deliber- ating whether^ they should send some, or should all go to the camp. 12. And (on) being asked Avhat^ he needed, he said, "I shall need two thousand leath- ern bags." 13. They were at a loss \vhat^ t^i^y should call this. 14. For they perceived that the enemy Λvere among the baggage.^ 15. I said that we liad^*^ many fair^^ hopes of safety. 16. There- upon he accordingly answered that they would ^^ die sooner than give up their arms. NOTES. ^ In each case let the student give the verb of the quoted sentence in its original form before quotation, and also all of its possible forms after being quoted. ^ An indirect question may be introduced by the simple interrogative 162 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. \in this case iroCa), the general relative (oirota), or even, as here, the simple relative (ο'ία). See | 149, 2, with note, § 282, 1, and § 87, 1. For the syntax of μ€ν£ΐν, see ^ 261, 1, ^ Object of λαμβάνουν. The original question was, iroOcv τα έιτιτη- Ssia λαμβάνωμβν; See § 25G. * ^ 277, 4. 5 g 282, 4. ^ In translating these sentences into Greek, determine first what the quoted sentence would be in the direct form in English, so as to get the original tense, which in Greek, it must be carefully remembered, does not cliange when the sentence is indirectly quoted. In English after sec- ondary tenses a change of tense is the rule. This makes it often doubt- ful what the original form of the sentence was. In such a case the student must determine which seems the most natural, and take that. ' iroiJs. But see note 2, above. 8 Whether... or, ίΐ.,.ή', I 282, 5, ® Plural of σ-κ€υοψορον. '" I 184, 4. ^^ Greek idiom, many and fair. ^^ Tlie original afiirmation was, we shoidd die, etc. LESSON LXXYI. Indirect Discourse: Infinitive and Participle in Indirect Quotations. Grammar : § 246, with n. ; § 260, with 2 (and n. 1) § 280, with notes 1 and 2. Exercises. I.^ 1. αι/δρες, vvp im την Ελλάδα νομιζ€Τ€ άμιΚ- λασ^αι. 2. οΐμαι γαρ αν ημα'ζ τοιαύτα τταθ^ιν οία τους έχ^θρονς οί θβοί ποιησ^ιαν.^ 3. μ.έμνημαι avro^J τοντο ποίησαντα. 4. Κύρος δ' inel ^σθετο τους στρατίώτας ^ιαβεβηκότα'ζ, ησθη. 5. σνροιΒα γαρ FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 163 €μαντω πάντα €^€υσμ€Ρος αντον. 6. νττισ^είται αντοΐς μη πρόσθεν ττανσεσθαί ττρίν αν αντονς κατα- yayrj oiKahe, 7. hrjko^ ην Kvpos σπενΒων ττασαν την 6h6v. 8. ακούω Ο eivau^ iv τω στρατενματι ημών 'Ροδίου•?, ων τους πο\\ού<ζ φασιν ίπίστασθαι ^ σφενΒοναν. 9. inetSr) δε σαφώς τους βαρβάρους άπιοντας ηΒη ίώρων οΐ Ελληνες, επορεύοντο καΐ avTOL. I υ. αναρ-χ^ία ο αν και αταςια ενομιί^ον ημάς άπολεσθαι. 11. ως εthε τον Κνρον ^ασιλεα^ οντά, ενθυς εφνγεν. 12. δει^ω τούτον εγθρον οντά. 13. άλλως 8ε πως πορίζεσθ αι τα επιτήδεια όρκους κατεγοντας ημάς ηΒειν. 14. σκοπούμενος ουν εύ- ρισκον ούΒαμως αν άλλως τούτο Οιαπραζάμενος, 15. εώρα δε προκατείΚημμενην την άκρωνυ^ίαν, 16. ει ουν ορωην υμάς σωτηριον τι βουλευο μένους, ελθοιμι αν προς υμάς. 17. επιβουλεύων ημΐν φανε- ρός εστί. 18. ύπώπτευον γαρ επΙ ^δαοτιλεα Ιεναυ • μισθωθηναι δε ουκ επΙ τούτω εφασαν. 19. τούτους δε εφασαν οίκεϊν άνά τα όρη και πολεμικούς είναι, και ^δασιλε^ως ουκ ^ άκούειν, άλλα και εμβαλεΐν ποτέ εις αυτούς βασιλικην στρατιάν • τούτων δ' ού^ενα άπονοστησαι. II. 1. For he heard "^ that Cyrus was in CiHcia. 2. And he promised that he would dehver over the Greeks to him. 3. He thinks that he has been WTonged by me. 4. And it was evident that he was troubled. 5. The wife of the king is said to have taken refuge there. 6. For I know that pledges 164 FIKST LESSONS IN GREEK. have been given. 7. For I knew tliat tlie soldiers had provisions. 8. Remember that you are mortal. 9. And the great king dug^ this trench when he learned that Cyrus was marching against (him). 10. I was the first to announce^ to him that Cyrus Avas making an expedition against (him). 11. I saw that you were suffering harm^^ and were not*^ able to retaliate. 12. For they did not know that he was dead. 13. They therefore announce that in that case the Greeks would retreat. 14. And the Greeks knew the enemy wished to go away, and that (they) were passing the word to one another. 15. They acknowledge that this general was a brave (man). 16. Let it not yet be manifest that Λνο have set out for home. 17. He accordingly showed that the satrap had broken the truce. 18. He is con- scious to himself that he has violated his oatli.-^^ NOTES. * See note 1, Lesson LXXV. 2 ^ 251, 1. 3 I 280, N. 3. ' '* With the infinitive = hnoiv how, like οϊδα, ^ 280, n. 5 § 136, N. 2. 6 ^ 283, 3, and § 242, 4. ' Be careful to use the participle in translating this exercise into Greek wherever the principal verb is one of the list mentioned in ^ 280. See also note 6, Lesson LXXV. " Made. ^ I first (^ 138, N. 7) announced. ^"^ See note 10, Lesson XIX. " Use the plural. For the case (if τταραμΛίω is used for the verb to violate), see § 171, 2. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 165 LESSON LXXYII. Indirect Discourse : Indirect Quotation of Compound Sentences. Grammar: § 247. Acid the General P^ules for Indi- rect Quotations and Questions in § 242. Exercises. I.^ 1. Kol OVK ίφασαν leuai,'^ iav μη τις αντοΐς -χρήματα δίδω. 2. οΰτος ο einev otl φλυαροίη οστι<ζ \iyoL• άλλως πως σωτήριας αν τνγείν η βααί- λβα πείσας. 3. καΐ ευζαντο Tjj Άρτίτ/ί-ΐδι, οπόσονς κο,τακάνοιεν των πολεμίων, τοσαντας χίμαιρας κατά- θνσειν ΤΎ) θεω. 4. ενόμιζε γόίρ, οσω θαττον ελ- θου, τοσοντω άπαρασκενοτερω βασιΚεΙ μαχεΐσθαυ, 5. νπεσχετο, αν τούτους τους στρατιώτας Χαβη, τταρα^ωσειν αντω τους '^Ελληνας. 6. οί ο εαΧω- κότες έλεγαν οτι τα προς μεσημβρίαν^ της^ επΙ Βα/5υλωί/α ειη, δι' ησπερ ηκοιεν. 7. τούτο δτ) δει λέγειν, πως αν πορευοίμεθα τε ως ασφαλέστατα και, ει μάχεσθαί δεοί,/ ως κράτιστα μαχοίμεθα.^ 8. οΐ δ* ελεγον otl περί σπονδών ηκοιεν, άν8ρες οιτινες ΙκανοΧ έσονται τα πάρα των Ελλήνων βασιλει άπαγγείλαι. 9. οΓδα αυτούς τούτο αν ποιουντας^ ει εξην, Ιϋ. ουο ερει ουοεις ως εγω εως μεν αν παρτ) τις χρωμαί, επειΒαν 8ε άπιεναι βούληταυ, συλλάβων καΐ^ αυτούς κακώς ποιώ καΐ^ τα χρήματα αποσυλω. αλλά Ιόντων, ε&ότες ότι κακίους εισΐ ^ περί ημάς η ημεΤς περί εκείνους, 11. ευζαντο σωτήρια θύσειν. 166 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. οπον πρώτον et? φιΚιαν yrjv αφικοιντο. 12. eXeyov on rjKoiev ηγεμόνας έχοντες, ot αντονς, iav σπονΒαΙ γβνωνταυ, αζονσιν evOev εζονσι τα επιττ^δεια. 11.^^ 1. And he promised liim, if he should come, that he would make him a friend to Cyrus. 2. He said that, if there was no objection, ^^ he wished to converse with them. 3. He said that if they should see you dispirited, they would all be cowardly. 4. And he told (him) that just as soon as^^ the expe- dition should come to an end, he would immediately send him home. 5. He announced that if we had not come, they would be proceeding against the king. 6. He said that he should delay until the king arrived. 7. But he said that he did not commend the man if he had done this. 8. And they said that the enemy were within in great numbers, ^^ and that they^* were striking our men. 9. And they said that they would burst open the gates, if they did not open (them) of their own accord. 10. It was evi- dent that they would elect him, if any one should put it to vote. 11. But he said he should dread to embark in the boats which Cyrus should give them. 12. He accordingly then asked who^^ those were who (always) did^^ whatever took place in battle.^^ NOTES. * See note 1, Lesson LXXV. In this Lesson observe the directions there given with particular care in case of the verb of the subordinate clause. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 167 « They said ουκ ϊμ€ν, | 200, ν. 3 ό. * g 247, ir. 3. ^ The country toward the south, etc. * ^212,4. * Sc. oSov, and see § 169, 1. ' In the direct discourse τοΰτο άν i-iroiovv, | 204, s". 1. ^ καΐ . . . KaL Indignity to their persons (avrovs) is added to the rob- bery of their property. On avrovs, see note 3, Lesson LXXIII. 9 ^ 280, N. 3. " g 142, 3. ^° See note 6, Lesson LXXV. " And that they, i. e. who. " If not anything hindered. ^^ See note 2, Lesson LXXV. *^ /wsi as soow as, eireiSov τάχκττα. ^^ Those who did, § 276, 2. " Jn battle. Use the plural with the article. LESSON LXXYIII. Pinal and Object Clauses. Grammar : §§ 215-218 (with § 215, Eemark, and n. 1). Exercises. i. τω 0€ avopi ov av εΚ-ησυ^ πείσομαι, Lva elZrfTe on καΧ άρχεσθαυ έπίσταμαι. 2. el re ηΒη SoKu άπιό^αι, σκεπτβον ίστίν οττως ασφαλέστατα άπίμα/,^ και όπως τα imTTJSeLa βζομεί'. 3. την δε Ελληνίκηΐ' Βνραμίν ηθροίζερ ως μάλιστα iSvvaTO Ιπικρνπτόμ€ΐ/ος,^ όπως οτι^ ατταρασκενότατον λάβοι pacrtAea. 4. όπως oe και νμεις e/xe επαινέσετε, εμοι μελ-ησει} 5. κοΧ περί τούτων εμνησθην, ίνα μ^η ταντα πάθητε, 6. ώστε ου τούτο 8ε8οίκα, μη ουκ εγω^ 6 τι δω^ εκάστω των φίλων. 7. τους οε άπο- θανόντας αντοκελενστοι οΐ '^Ελληνες ηκίσαντο, ως οτι φοβερώτατον τοις πολεμίους εΐη. 8. όπως δ' άμυ- νονμεθα ουδείς επιμελείται, 9. αλλά δeδot/cα μη. 168 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. at^ απα^ μάθωμα^ αργοί ζην, αχτπβρ οΐ Χωτοφάγοί επιΧαθωμεθα της οϊκαΒε oSov. 10. φίλος εβούλετο είναυ τοις μεγυστα ΖνναμεΐΌΐς, ϊνα άδικων μη Βώοίη Ζίκην. 11, και 6 Σωκράτης νπώπτενσε μη τι προς της πόλεως επαίτιον ειη Κυρω φίλον γενέσθαι? 12. καί σε ουκ ηγειρον, ινα ως ηΒυστα καθεύΒης, 13. εΐ γαρ οίοί τε ησαν^ οΐ πολλοί τα μεγυστα κακά εζεργάζεσθαί, ϊρα οίοι τε ήσαν αυ καί άγα^ά τα μεγυστα • καί καλώς αν εΐ^εν, II. 1. We must go, therefore, and ask Cyrus for boats, that we may sail away. 2. See to this, that we shall remain here in greatest safety. 3. For they feared that the enemy would attack them while going through^ the ravine. 4. He thought that he needed friends, that he might have co-workers. 5. For they feared that they would be cut off and the enemy would get on both sides of them.^^ 6. And they were apprehensive that, if they should burn^^ the villages, they might not have provisions. 7. Let us therefore burn up the \vagons which λΥβ have, that our teams may not be our generals. ■'^ 8. But no one of us is in return taking any^^ thought, how we shall contend (with them) as suc- cessfully as possible. 9. They fear that the Greeks will attack them during the night. ^"^ 10. I immed- iately proceeded to the city, that I might aid him. 11. Would that the general had died, that he might never have been so outraged ! 12. See to (it), then, FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 169 that you be men worthy of the freedom which ^^ you possess ! 13. I did this, that it might not be apparent that we had set out for home. NOTES. » ^ 200, X. 3 h. ^ As secretly as possible. Literally, concealing himself (middle) as most he was able. ^ See note 4, Lesson XXXIV. * I 134, F. 2. * Subjunctive. ^ ^ 256, and | 244. If this were a conditional relative sentence, ο τι ΛνουΗ have άν joined to it, § 207, 2, and ^ 231, ϊγ. "^ Subject of 6ΐη, of which eirairiov is the predicate. For τ^ see \ 160, 2. 8 I 251, 2. 1*•^ May not lead (<Γτρατηγ€ω) us, I 171, 3. ^ I 277, 1. ^'^ ovSe'v, I 159, n. 2, and § 283, 9. 10 I 182, 2. '* § 179, 1. " I 277, 4. »^ ^ 153. LESSOR LXXIX. The Infinitive, Grammar : §§ 258-262 (with § 260, 1, n. 1, and 2, n. 1, and § 261, 1, n. 1); §§ 265-267 (omitting § 266, 2); § 274. Exercises. 1 I. 1. αίσγβον δ' ov^ev 4πΙ ταΓς βασυΚεως Θύραις ουτ ακονσαι οντ loeiv ecmv. Δ. rivpo^ ονν όντως ireXevryaei', άρηρ ων αργειν αζιώτατος. 3. ηρζατε τον 8ίαβαίΡ€ίν. 4. καί τοΐς Ιππενσιν ευρητο θαρ- ρονσι'^ hicuKeiv. δ. και cl τις πολέμιος iyeveTo, σπεισαμένον Κυρου έπίστενζ μη^€ν αν τταρα τάς 170 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. σπονΒας τταθειν. 6. \οιπ6ν^ μοί enreLV οπβρ και μίγιστον νομίζω eivai. 7. ενόμιζον γαρ Ικανούς eivau ημάς ττερίγεν^σθαί τω πολβ/χω. 8. ert δ' €χομ€ν σώματα Ικανωτερα τοντων πόνους φβρειν. 9. (τννωφζΧον(η δ' ούΒ^ν οϋτβ ^ βίς το μά'χ^εσθαυ οντ εΙς το τα Ιπιτη^^ια ζ.γειν. 10. κράτιστον^ ημϊν ί€σθαι ως τάγιστα επί το άκρον. 11. αλλά ταύτα Trepaiveiv η^η ωρα. 12. η βασιλέως αργτ] ην τω οΐ€σπάσθαι^ τας Βυνάμ€ίς άσθζνης. 13. ovtol ίκανοί ήσαν τάς άκροπόΧζ,ις φυλάττείν. 14. SeKa Bk των νέων ττρονπεμχραν εΙς τον μεγαν Χυμένα κατασκεχ^α- σθαί. 15. €Keivai^ γαρ δια το ^ειροπ\ηθ4σι τοΖς Χίθοις σφενΒοναν έπΙ βρα^ν ίζικνοννται, 16. Me- νων oe πρΙν SrjXov elvai τι ποιησονσιν οΐ άλλοι, σννεΧεζζ το αντον στράτευμα. 17. εχω γαρ τριή- ρεις ωστε εΧευν το εκείνων ττΧοιον. 18. πριν καταΧυ- crat το στράτευμ,α ^βασιλεύς εφάνη. 19. ηυρίσκετο δε εν ταΐς κώμαις μόΧυβ^ος, ωστε ^rjcr^at εις τάς σφεντόνας. 20. ειπεν οτι σπείσασθαι βούΧοιτο εφ' ω μητε αύτος τους '^Έ^ΧΧηνας άΒικεΙν μήτε εκείνους καιειν τας οικίας. 21. πρΙν δε τόζευμα εζικνεΐσθαι, εκκΧίνουσιν 61 βάρβαροι και φεύγουσιν. II. 1. It seemed best to tliem to go away. 2. And the station was near, where he Avas about to halt.^ 3. It is not, therefore, a time for us to be sleeping. 4. But it was a most fearful (thing) to see. 5. They rush in pursuit.^ 6. They intrust their children to them to be educated.^^ 7. It was PIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 171 manifest, therefore, that Menon desired to be rich. 8. But the peltasts must pursue. 9. The fairest equipment befits victory .^^ 10. He accompHshed this by^"•^ being severe. ^^ 11. We asked for the galley for the purpose of collecting boats. 12. For I should be able in this way to benefit my friends. 13. And they said they would give up the dead on condition that they would not burn the houses. 14. It is safer for them to flee than for us. 15. But when^* it was now evening, it was time for the enemy to go away. 16. For we have come to save you. 17. The whole army crossed before the enemy appeared. 18. For he was stern in aspect.^'' 19. And they crossed before the rest gave answer. 20. And I so ^^ brought (it) about that it seemed best to this (man) to cease warring ^^ against me. 21. And he sacrificed before speaking to any one. 22. He was chosen to reconcile and restore you. 23. And they made so^^ great a noise that even the enemy heard (them). NOTES. ^ Review the exercises of Lessons XXXI. and LXXVI. 2 ξ 2S3, 9. 3 g 28, N. 1, at the end. * Dative plural of the participle modifying the subject of Simkciv, but assimilated m case to linrcvViv, § 138, N. 8, a and b. ^ Sc. i § 166. ^ When a noun in Greek is used of a whole class of objects, it has tho article. This is called the generic article, and often cannot be translated into English. 3 g 188, 1. ' I 139, 1. * I 171, 2. » I 184, 4. » ^ 184, 1. » I 135, 2. 6 I 174. ^^ Were, third person plural imperfect indicative of €ΐμ£, to he. " I 141, N. 1 0. ^ €8ι.ο)ξαμεν, i. e. Ιδιωκ-σ-αμεν, ^ 16, 2. ^ oiro. '* ircpi, with the genitive. ** TAe cioor (plural of θνρα) of the hall, | 142, 1, with n. 16 g 184, 2. " In honor of Hera, in Greek simply, — for Hera, ^ 184, 3. III. Verbs: Indicative Active. (X.) I. 1. ore έπλησίάζομει^, τ6τ€ ol βάρβαροι άττέ- φενγοι/. 2. 6 8e Ιατρός τον άνθρωπον OepanevaeL. 3. 6τ€ ήλιος KaTeSeSvKeL, οΐ ττολέιχιοι έπλησίαζον. 4. ανζμος γαρ ον Kivrjaei ττνρτγον. 5. avvrjKoXov- θησαν δε των στρατιωτών ττζντηκοντα. 6. τα των ΐίερσων lepa καΐ οι ΜηΒοι τετιμηκασιν. 7. οί ποι- 7)ταΙ την των ^Αθηναίων άρετην μεμηνύκασιν. 8. οι οπλΐται ηγοραζον οίνον. 9. τόζα γαρ καΐ σφεντό- νας ei^eTe} 10. τους νεως εκεκοσμηκεσαν. 11. οι στρατιωται των πολεμίων τριάκοντα πεφονευκα- FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 179 OTLV. 12. πως πράττει 6 άΒεΧφός ; 13. πεινησονσι και OL^ijcrovcrL και ριγώσονοΊ κοΧ aypvTrPTJcrovcrLi/. 14. 'AXefaz/SyDo? ίκατον ταλαζ/τα Ζωρον en€p.\\jeu. 15. €ΐτα τα? διφθέρας σννηγον,'^ 16. τοζοτης Ιτν- φΧω(Τ€ τον Φι\ιπτΓον. 1 / . Ιγειροτόνησαν οΐ πολΐται στρατηγούς, 18. τους δε ανθρώπους τα πλοΐα^ άπ€- στερηκβυτε. 19. τους ποΧίτας ώφεΚ-ηκειν. 20. eVe- τβλεντηκευ 6 στρατιώτης. * II. 1. The young man had written the letter. 2. You have educated your children well. 3. You sacrificed to the Muses. 4. He led the army for- ward.^ 5. I have often hunted hares. 6. We found* gold in the tents. 7. We have called an assembly of the soldiers. 8. But he banished^ the citizens. 9. The citizens embraced^ their children. 10. The general collected^ his soldiers together in the plain. 11. We shall command the bowmen to shoot. 12. For they tried *^ to surround the villages. 13. He will write a letter to"^ the general. 14. He has asked the satrap for pay.^ 15. We sent both targeteers and bowmen upon^ the hill. NOTES. * See note 1, Lesson Ν . 2 \ 26, N. 1. 3 I 164. * Use the imperfect, and see \ 103, N. * Imperfect. ^ Aorist. ' TrapcL, with the accusative. « eVi. 180 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. IV. Adjectives : Pirst and Second Declension Uncontracted. (XII.) I. 1. καλόν φύονοΊ καρπον ol σεμ,νοι τρόποι, 2. 6 νομός επαίνου ^ ίστίν άζίος, ος κωλύευ κακώς ayopeveiv τους νεκρούς. 3. ovol αγρίου iv τω πε- διω eTpe^ov. 4. άγαθγ) η ά8€λφών κοινωνία εστίν, 5. ^ Αθήναις^ Θεία £6ζα εστίν. β. εκ των σπονδών είρην-ην /^eySatal•' εγομεν. 7. α[ των άγα^ωζ^ ανθρώ- πων φιΚίαι /Se73ata6 είσιν, 8. καλην coSrjv άδει. 9. παρ' εσθλών^ εσθλα μανθάνεις. 10. πιστός εταίρος τών ά^α^ωι^ * τε καΐ των κακών μετέχει, 11. οι άνορειοι άγηρων επαινον Χαμβάνονσιν. 12. ό θηρευτής φιλόθηρος ην καΐ φίλιππος. 13. καΐ νυν δυο καλώ τε κάγαθώ ^ στρατιώτα τετελευτηκατον. 14. εύζωνοι γαρ ήσαν. 15. οι θεοί το'ις άγαθοΐς^ ίλεω εΙσιν. 16. καΐ εσκηνησαν εν οΐκίαις καλαΐς μεσταΐς σίτου. 17. οι θεοί τα λοιπά επετελεσαν, 18. Κ,υρος γαρ βασιλικός τε καΐ αργειν^ άζιος ην, 19. ύπερ γαρ της κώμης γηλοφος κάλος ην. 20. ό μεν κύκνος λευκός, 6 8ε ταώς ποικίλος εστίν, II. 1. The valor of the Spartans^ was wonderful. 2. The road was impassable. 3. The villages were close together. 4. The land was fertile. 5. The lioplites have beautiful arms. 6. The gods were propitious. 7. (There) is another road. 8. The sol- diers were without breakfast. 9. The gods are both free from old age and immortal. 10. The young i FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 181 man was fond of danger. 11. White clouds were hiding the sun. 12. You were criminal and unjust. 13. The road was long, but nevertheless passable by- wagons. 14. The citizens were faithful and constant. 15. They are singing beautiful songs in the theatre. NOTES. ' ^ 178, IT. « § 185, and ^ 184, 2. 2 ^ 184, 4. 7 I 261, 1, with n. 3 I 139, 1. « See note 10, Lesson XIX. * § 170, 2. ^ g 142, 1, with n. ° καΐ άγαθώ, | 11, 1, with a. V. HOims and Adjectives : Contracts of tlie First and Second Declensions. (XIV.) I. 1. OL Ileyocrat θύονσιν ήλιω και yfi καΧ σβΧηντ]. 2. vevpa και οστά 6 άνθρωπος 9(^^• ^• ^^ τταρ- Oeuoi iv κανοΐς τους καρπον<ζ φ4ρονσίν. 4. οΐ αγαθοί ττοΥίται τους οίνους 8ηιχαγωγονς φβυγονσίΐ'. 5. 0L όμοιοι τοις ομοιοις ευνοί είσιν, 6. άπλονς 6 της α\'ηθεία<ζ \6yo'^ ίστίν. 7. ό αοιδός γ^ρνσονν σκηπτρον φβρζΐ. 8. λβνκα ν€κρων οστά Ιστιν ^ eV τω αντρω. 9. αΐ των θέων a^aafat αργυρούς τρο-)(ούς ίγονσιν, 10. οί πλούσιοι €κ γρνσων κνπέΧΚων σπβρΒονσιν. 11. evvoi φίλοι τους κιν^ύι/ους ά/χυ-' νουσι Tji πρόνοια.^ 12. οι αγαθοί φίλοι ττιστον νουν ίγουσιν. 13. ό πλους έστιν άδηλος τοις ναύταις. 14. ό ο'χλος ουκ e^ei νουν. Ιδ. ουκ Ιρίζομ^ν τοΙς άνοις,^ 16. αι θβράπαιναι εν κανοίς τον άρτον προσ- 182 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. φβρονσίΡ. 17. 6 γαρ θάνατος ίστι γαΚκονς νπνος. 18. πΧοντος av€v νου ομοίως eariv άχρηστος, ωσπερ ϊππος άνευ ^(αΧινον. 19. vevpa καΐ οστά ανθρώπων φθαρτά Ιστιν} 20. 6 μεν ηλίος σφαίρα χρυσή, η 8e σελήνη αργυρά είναι ^ φαίνεταυ, II. 1. They are carrying golden fruit ^ in a sil- ver basket. 2. The bones of Orestes were at Tegea. 3. The gods afforded the sailors "^ a fair voyage. 4. The goblet is of silver. 5. A kindly word light- ens pain. 6. We have friends (that are) well dis- posed. 7. Xenias was well disposed to Cyrus. 8. The man's speech was simple. 9., The young man was admiring the golden goblet. " 10. Shall the soldiers trust the senseless general? 11. We will not obey a senseless man.^ 12. The voyage was down^ stream. 13. There are stones in the current of the river. 14. Senseless (men) give way to their desires.^ 15. We admire the skill of Hermes. NOTES. ' ξ 135, 2. 6 Plural. 2 ^ 188, 1. 7 Dative, ? 184, 1. 3 ξ 186, Ν. 1. 8 I 184, 2. * ^ 136. * κατά, with the accusative. * 2b &e, present infinitive of 6ΐμ.£. VI. Verbs : Indicative Middle. (XV.) I. 1. ουκ εττείθετο, 2. περί των κοινών εβουΧεύ- οντο. 3. 6 φιλόσοφος μέθης ^ και λαλιάς πάμπαν FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 183 nn€L)(eTO. 4. ol ττοΧεμιοι inl \\θηρας ττορζύσονται, 5. π€ρί της των πολυτων σωτηρίας βονλ^νσόμεθα. G. €πΙ τους ΐίβρσας πεπόρβνρταί. 7. ό ποιητής \oyov πεποιηται nepl άρ€της. 8. οί ττοΚίται σίτον σννάζονσιν, ω "^ θρέφονται iv τη πολιορκία. 9. οι πολιται τοΐς νόμοις πείσονται. 10. τα δ' έτερα πάρα Οεων ητησάμην, 11. τας της οικίας θύρας εκεκλειτο. 12. εποιησασθε τους κωμητας τω σατράπη εννονς, 13. σννετάξαντο^ οι στρατιωται ως εΙς μάχην. 14. στρατηγούς αίρησονται άλλους, εΐ μη βονλεται Κλεαρ-χος άπάγειν. 15. την /3ασιλ€ΐαζ/ ό ^ημος ελελντο. 16. eV εργασίαν τρέφομαι. 17. οι Se δούλοι ελονσαντο. 18. επεποίητο πόλεμον επΙ τον σατραπην συν τοΐς στρο,τιώταις. 19. οι πολιται τους ζ^εαι^ια? επαώενσαντο.'^ 20. οΐ στρατιωται εν τω πεΒίω διασπείρονται. II. 1 . We will deliberate about the safety of the citizens. 2. He did not obey ^ the Thirty. 3. The philosophers exhorted the citizens to ^ self-control. 4. We \vill obey God rather than men. 5. Cyrus enslaved"^ the Medes. 6. We had deliberated with- out anger. 7. The soldiers bathed in the river. 8. They procured^ themselves arms from the neigh- boring villages. 9. The villagers are warding off danger from themselves. 10. The men will guard ^ themselves against their enemies. 11. The hoplites accordingly were arming themselves for battle. 12. A cloud of dust is seen^ in the plain. 13. We 184 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. immediately sent for boats and arms, 14. The army had ah^eady proceeded to the villages above the river. 15. The villagers, therefore, are deliberating hoAV they shall persuade the satrap. NOTES. '"^ ^ 188, 1. For the following verb, sec τρί'φω. ^ Aorist middle of «τυντάττω. * I 199, N. 2. ' Aorist. '° Imperfect. ** The future of φυλάττω is ψυλοίξω. ^ irpo's. ^ Is seen, i. e. appears. VII. Nouns: Mute or Liquid Stems of the Third Declension. (XVII.) I. 1. ol μΟ'^ γνπ€ζ νεοττεύονσιν ini πετραις άπροσβάτους, οί δε ορτυγες καΙ περδίκβς επί της γη<ζ. 2. 7} ^IpSlkyj χωρά e^et φλέβας καταγβίονς παντο^α,ττων μετά\\ων. 3. τα άστρα τας ώρας της νυκτός cμ.φaviζeL. 4. at πονηραΐ ελπίδες, ωσπερ οι κακοί οδηγοί, επί τα αμαρτήματα ayovaiv, 5. τα /χα^τ^/χατα τους νεονς αποτρέπει αμαρτημάτων. 6. γαλεπαΐ φροντίδες είσί λυπηροί τη ψνχ^. 7. τοΙς γερουσιν επείθοντο οί i^eat^tat. 8. δίκαιον εστίν υπέρ της πατρίδος στρατεύεσθαι. 9. ''Ήψακττος τω πόδε^ χωλθ9 ην. 10. εΐκότως την άγαριστίαν ηγε- μόνα επί τα αίσγ^ρά λεγουσιν. 11. αί ασπίδες μικραι ήσαν. 12. οι λέοντες αρπαζουσι την αγραν τοις όνυζι^ και τοΖς κρατεροίς οδουσιν. 13. της ημέρας ^ οι άλλοι όρνιθες την γλαυκά τίλλουσιν. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 185 14. χεΙρ χεΓρα ΐ'ίζβί. 15. το γβνσίον ev πνρΐ βα- σαρ[ζομ€ν. 16. άπο της νήσου et9 Κιβυην πλους άστιν ημέρας^ καΐ νυκτός. 17. οΐ ποιμένες τας των αΙγων άγελας εΙς τους Χειμώνας εΚαύνουσιν. 18. 6 κηρυζ τους 'Έλληνας εκελευ(τε στρατεύεσθαι. 19. οτε ο κηρυζ επλησίαζεν, οί φυγάδες άπεφευγον. 20. οΐ παΙΒες τα σώματα γυμνάζουσιν συν πόνοίς και ISpcoTL. II. 1. The boys play. 2. The shepherd is driv- ing the goats. 3. They driΛ^e their horses with whips. 4. We will not honor flatterers. 5. An ant's life is full of toil. 6. Cyrus leaped down from his chariot. 7. Favor begets favor, strife (begets) strife. 8. The orator refrains from unseemly strife. 9. (There) was a fight once of the giants^ against the gods. 10. The king is come with his army. 11. In difficult .affairs few companions are faithful.- 12. The Greeks pour out bowls of milk to the gods as offerings. 13. The shepherds wonder at the armies. 14. The boys will taste the milk."^ 15. (There) were both quail and cock fights^ among the Athenians. NOTES. ' See note 10, Lesson XIX. ^ | 107, 5. '' I 160, 1. 6 I 181, 4. '^ I 188, 1. ' I 171, 2. * § 179, 1. ^ Contests of quails and of cocks. 186 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. Yin. Verbs : Indicative Passive. (XVIII.) I. 1. ωρομάζβτο σωτηρ της πατρίδος, 2. οΐ XrjcrraL• ττζφόρβυρται νπο των ττοΧίτων. 3. Βνο αδελφώ υπό τον αντον ^ διδασκάλου ττεπαί^ευσθον. 4. T01S θεοί<ζ νπο των Αθηναίων ττολλοί νεω ISpvv- ται. 5. αενοφώντος νίω έπεπαίδενσθην iv Ί^πόφτη. 6. αι ττνΧαι κεκΚείσονται, 7. at ^ημοκρατίαυ νπο των τνραννων κατεΚνθησαν. 8. ό \ηστη<ζ φονεν- θησεται. 9. οΐ στρατιωται προς τονς ποΧεμυονς πορενβσθαυ εκεΧεύσθησαν. 10. Σπάρτη ποτέ νπο σευσμον ^είνως εσείσθη. 11. ό πόλεμος κατεπαν- σθη. 12. η σννθηκη νπο των βαρβάρων \ε\νταί, 13. ονο καλώ ϊππω εις την κώμην ηλαννεσθην. 14. ως (Κοιυ) οΐ "ΈΧληνες επορενθησαν, εν τω έμ- προσθεν λόγω 8ε8ηλωται. 15. ταύτα νπο των πολε- μίων επεπρακτοΡ' 16. Μιλτίάδτ^? ωνομάζετο σωτηρ της Ελλάδο9. 17. το σώμα τον κροκο8είλον ^αυ/χα- στως ώγνρωται. 18. εν πολεμώ άποκεκίνδννενσεται τα τε χρήματα καΐ αΐ φνχ^αί. 19. Κνρος επαυΒενετο σνν τοις άλλους παίσίν. 20. το στράτενμα όντως \ επεισθη • Ήίενων δε σννελεζε το εαντον ^ στράτενμα χωρίς των άλλων, καΐ ελεζε τάδε.^ II. 1. The treaty had been broken by the Greeks. 2. For we have been persuaded by our commanders to proceed. 3. The royal authority had been abol- ished by the people. 4. Guides, therefore, will be sent to the Greeks at daybreak. 5. They were sent ' FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 187 into the camp by the enemy. 6. The judges were completely deceived by the accuser. 7. The ranks will be deserted by the soldiers. 8. The democracy has been overthrown by the tyrant. 9. The tem- ples of the gods have been adorned with Phrygian spoils.*^ 10. The property has been stolen^ by thieves. 1 1 . He will be vexed ^ because the money was not sent. 12. The boys had been well educated. 13. Socrates was called a wise man {ανήρ) by the Athenians. 14. The army was brought in safety^ to Greece by the generals. 15. The \allages had been plundered by the satrap's army. NOTES. » Same, ^ 79, 2. ^ ^ 16, 1. ^ Pluperfect passive of ιτράττω. * Of himself, § 80. ^ As follows, literally, these (things), neuter plural of oSc, ^ 83. β ^ 188, 1. 8 Use the future middle. ' κεκλ^πται. ' Imperfect. IX. Nouns : Third Declension (continued). (XXI.) I. 1. θάρατός ίστι λνσίς ψν^^τ^ς από σώματος. 2. τοΓς τταισί γ^ρη αιδώ,^ ου γβνσίον, καταλβίπβιν. 3. το 'χωρίον Κεραμεικος όνομα e^et από ηρωο^^ Κεράμου. 4. η γλαυζ θηρεύει μυ<ζ.^ 5. αΧίσκονται μάλιστα οΐ Ιγθύε^; προ ηλίου ανατολής καΐ μετά ^ύσίν. 6. την φρόνησιν της χ^υχης Ισχυν ενόμιζον.^ ί. 0L οφείς εσθίουσιν ορνίθυα. 8. τα -χβηματα εν ταΐς πόλεσί στάσεις εγείρει, 9. πόλεων μεν λαμ- 188 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. πρότητας Θανμάζομ^ν, τάς ok ττατριΒας arepyofxev. 10. ^v TTj %vpLa τα πρόβατα τας ονρας e^ei το ττλάτος^ πηχ€ω<ζ. 11. οΐ σνμ.μαγοι νανσίν els Άθη- vas π\4ονσιν. 12. κοινός χώρος αττασι,^ περησί re καί βασιΚευσιν. 13. το Γ? Αθηναίους πλήθος τριη- ρών ην. 14. at τυμαί των γονέων τοΐς εκγονοις είσι κάλος θησαυρός. 15. άλλα καί αίγας /cat βονς τρέφει. 16. εστί των νέων καΐ τοΐς γερονσι και ταΐς γρανσΐν άζίας τιμάς άπονεμειν. 17. τα μακρά τείχη τα προς τον ΙΙειραια^ τετταρακοντα σταδίων ήσαν. 18. αποβάλλει η ελαφος τα κέρα εν τόποις χαλεποϊς καΐ δνσεζευρετοις. 19. ό θάνατος των εν γηρα κακών φάρμακόν εστίν. 20. το γένος των ανθρώπων ου μόνον τοΐς της γης φντοις, άλλα και των βοσκή μάτων γάλακτι καΐ τνρω καΐ κρεασι τρέ- φεται, II. 1. Tlie \vise (man) scrutinizes tlie end of every ^ undertaking before lie begins it.^*^ 2. The singers are worthy ^^ of honor and respect. 3. Man surpasses in understanding'^ the rest of'^ animals.'* 4. The soldiers sailed aΛvay to the island in'^ the triremes. 5. Those in the city'^ admire the poet's wisdom. 6. (There) were in'^ the ships the old women and the children and tlie cattle. 7. Man has five senses, touch, sight, hearing, taste, (and) smelling. 8. The horsemen were being drawn up before the king. 9. The river contains all'"^ kinds of fish. 10. Clcarchus holds the right wing of the army. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 189 11. The city has two beautiful harbors. 12. Her walls afforded this city safety. 13. He drove ^'^ his chariot through the ranks of the Greeks. 14. (Men) call old age the winter of life. 15. If one^^ has a beautiful body and a corrupt heart, he has a good^° ship and a bad pilot. NOTES. ' I 55, N. 1. 5 I 160, 1. ^ ^ δδ, Ν, 1, second paragraph. ^ § 185. Μ 9, 5. Μ 53, 3, Ν. 3. ■ * § 166. 8 I 188, 1. ^ ΊΓίίσηξ, genitive singular feminine of irds, ^ 67. ^^ Literally, before the beginning. " I 178, K. ^^ ξ 141, X. 3, second paragraph. ^ I 188, 1, N. 1. ^" iravToios. ^ i 142, 2, N. 3. ^^ Imperfect. >4 I 17δ, 2. " Tis, an enclitic, ^ 84, and § 27, 2. ^ eiri, with the genitive. ^^ koXo's. X. Verbs: Subjunctive. (XXIII.) I. 1. κυνας τρέφομ^ν, Ινα τονς λύκους άπο των προβάτων άπερύκωσιν. 2. μτ) φβνγωμζν, άλλα κα- λώς άποθνησκωμεν virep της πατρίδος. 3. οΐ φαύ- λου ev λεγονσίν. Ινα την Ζόζαν της άρετης λαμβάνω - σιν, 4. ανδρείως μα^ωμεθα, ώ στρατιωται, όπως μη έπΙ τούτους ω μεν. 5. άναπαυσώμεθα, ώ φίλοι, τούτον του πολέμου. 6. αύτη προφασις εσται του πολέμου, ην μη άκούσωσυν. 7. μη ποιησητε ο πολ- λάκις υμάς εβλα\\}ε 8eSot/ca. 8. εάν τούτους τους πολίτας αίσθανώμεθα εναντίους τη ολιγαργια, εκπο- δών ποιησόμεθα. 9. εάν τοιούτος την πολιτειαν 190 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. €πιτη^€νΎ), καΧως e^et. 10. iav μη ταύτα άσκηστ), ά^ίκησει. 11. φόβος του<; πολιτας ^χ^ι, μη at σνρ- θηκαι νπο των ποΧεμίων Χνθωσιν. 12. πάντα πράττε μ€τα προνοίας, μη άμαρτάνης. 13. οντος 6 Θώραζ όντως βίργασται ^ ως μη κωλνη έπίκυπτειν. J 14. ου πβφόβηταυ ούδε SeSoLKe μη So^av πονηρίας ^χη. 15. οΐ γαρ πολέμιου βίς τα ορη φβνζονταυ, ioLV πορευθώμεν. 16. καΐ εγω, εάνπερ βουλή, περί των θείων 8ιηγησομαί. 17. ό δε μάντις SeSot/ce μη καταμενη η στρατιά. 18, αν εκπλεητε, μισθοφοράν παρεζω κνζικηνον εκάστω τον μηνός!^ 19. κοί εάν εγώ φαίνωμαι άδικο? είναι, ον φιλήσετε, 20. ώρα εστί βονλενεσθαι μη κακοί τε κοί αισχροί άποφαι- νώμεθα. II. 1. Let us deliberate about tbe safety of the city. 2. If you make^ this man a friend,* he will aid (you). 3. The boy brings the book to his teacher that he may read (it). 4. Let us remain at home. 5. Let us shun the unseemly and aspire after ^ the beautiful. 6. If these soldiers fight courageously, they will be honored. 7. For if you put these her- alds to death, there will be war. 8. They fear that the robbers will slay the i^illagers. 9. Let us fight nobly for our country. 10. If you work, you will fare well. 11. The citizens fear that the treaties will be broken. 12. If you educate these children well, they will honor (you). 13. Let us rest, Soldiers, and deliberate. 14. If he says that, he will speak the FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 191 trutli. 15. They fear that the soldiers will in this way be persuaded. NOTES. * Perfect passive, in passive sense, of εργάζομαι. '^ Π79, 1. 3 Aorist. " -• ^ IGG. ^ <>ρ€γομαι with the genitive, ^ 171, 1. Use \Uv . . . Si. XL Adjectives: Third Declension, and Pirst and Third Declen- sions Combined. (XXIV.) I. 1. άνθρωπος άτν'χΎ]ς σώζεται νπ βλπιδος. 2. ττι<ζ τταιδεια^ at μεν ρίζαι etcrt πικραί, γλυκείς δε 0L καρποί. 3. το των βοών γένος τοις ανθρώποις μάλιστα λυσιτελές εστίν. 4. δό^α καΐ πλούτος άνευ συνέσεως ουκ άσφαλη κτήματα, δ. πάσα επιστήμη 'χωρίς δικαιοσύνης πανουργία, ου σοφία φαίνεται. 6. λέγωμεν άεΐ τα άληθη, ώ παίδες. 7. Ηρακλής τοις άτυγέσι σωτηρίαν παρειγεν. 8. πέπονες οι βότρυες πορφυροί καΐ γλυκείς etcrti^. 9. δ/,ά την των χρημάτων κτησιν πάντες οι πόλεμοι τοΐς άνθρω- ποις είσίν. 10. η λίμνη παντοίους έχει ιχθύς, ων η8εΐά εστίν η σάρζ. 11. των κύκνων οι μεν^ λευκοί, οι δε μέλανες εΙσιν. 12. ευδαίμονές είσιν οι άνθρω- ποι, οΊ ϊλεως έχουσι τους θεούς. 13. οι ακρατείς αίσχράν Βουλείαν ^ Βουλεύουσιν. 14. ου πάσι τοΐς πλουσίοις έζεστιν εύδαίμοσιν^ eti^at. 15. πάντες οι σύμμαχοι κοινωνοί ήσαν της λείας. 16. ώ τάλαινα αδελφή, η παντοΐαί εισι μέριμναι. 17. μνήμονες 192 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. των τον σοφον λόγων ^ ecr/xeV. 18. ^apievra -χορον"^ kv τω θ^άτρω ^opevovaiv οι γορενταί. 19. Set τον evvevrj ον μόνον yeveL ^ αλλά καΐ βθβσι και πράγμα- σιν elvaL Ικπρεπη. 20. Σωκράτης kv ττ) διαιττ; εγκρατής ην καί καρτβρυκος προ<; \Ι)υχος και -χει- μώνα, προς θέρος και ήλων, προς πάντας πόνους και κινδύνους. II. 1. The robbers plunder everything. 2. Men are delighted by pleasing songs. "^ 3. HopefuP (men) bear their ills easily. 4. God^ is a punisher of the too hig-h-minded. 5. All men have not the same^^ mind. 6. The fruit" is sweet. 7. The bridges were broad ^^' and the river was deep. 8. All hate a loquacious person. 9. The gifts of the satrap were pleasing. 10. Pleasure is sweet/^ but pain sharp. , 11. All the Libyans were black. 12. He trusted the prudent general. ^^ 13. The citizens were unfor- tunate^^ but well-born. 14. The words of the sooth- sayer are clear. 15. All the soldiers had black shields. NOTES. ^ I 143, 1. « I 06, N. 3. 3 I 159. ^ Use the article. • 3 g 138, N. 8 a. ^" ^ 79, 2. < ^ 180, 1, and ^ 170, 2. " Plural. ^ \ 180, 1, and \ 171, 2. '^ Ug^ μ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ « I 188, 1, N. 1. ^^ § 184, 2. ' g 188, 1. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 193 XII. Verbs: Optative. (XXVI.) I. 1. άρα ovK^ av άρ4σκοι ο άνθρωπος τοΙς θεοίς,^ el πείθοιτο αντοις ; 2. τις αν Trtcrreucrete xfjevcrrrj, καΐ el άληθενσείεν ; 3. et ούτω<; ^χοι, άνολβος οΰτΓοτ αν ειης. 4. Κ.νρω φίλοι eivai wepl παντός αν ποίησαίμεθα.^ 5. των στρατηγών κατη- γόρησεν, ίνα αυτός ττερυσωθείτ). 6. el τους ΜηΒονς ασθενείς πουησαιμι, πάντων ye αν των περιζ^ ραΒίως άρζαιμί. 7. ό τταΓς τω παί^οτρίβγ) ρό8ον εφερεν. Ινα γαίροι. 8. εΐ άμα ελεύθερος τ ευης και πλούσιος, τίνος ^ αν ετυ Βεοιο ; 9. οί στρατιωται εΙς την πολε- μίαν γην επορεύθησαν, Ινα Βιαρπάζοιντο. 10. eSe- Βοίκειν μη η γεφνρα λνθείη. 11. εΐ ταντα πράττοις, Υίυρον αν ώφελησειας. 12. ει εχοιμεν γρηματα, φίλους ραδίως αν ποιοίμεθα.^ 13. εΐ εντεύθεν εΙς την Ελλάδα πορενεσθαι βονλοιντο, ουκ αν ηγησαιμην. 14. ουκ αν θαυμάζοιμι, εΐ κολάζοι τους κακούργους. 15. ταύτα δ' επραζεν, Ινα τους στρατιώτας εζαπατη- σειεν. 16. πώς αν ουν εγω ^tacrat/xTyl•' τούτους πο- ρεύεσθαι, εΐ μη βούλοιντο ; 17. ούτος γαρ εοεισε μη αδίκως Ζώρων^ Βιώκοιμεν. 18. αλλ* όπως οί στρατιωται εκπλεύσειαν επΙ των τριηρών, δια ταύτα συνεβούλευεν. 19. εβοηθησαν ούν τοΐς στρατιώ- ταις, όπως συν εκείνοις μάγοιντο και μη μονοί κιν- Βυνεύοιεν. 20. παρεπεμφε δε καΐ των γυμνητων ανθρώπους εύζώνους εΙς τα άκρα, όπως σημαίνοιεν. II. 1. He would perhaps hire these mercenaries, if they should proceed into his province. 2. They 194 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. feared that we sliould all fare ill. 3. I was there to fight. ^ 4. The king feared that the satrap would plot against the cities. 5. If he should do this, he would harm the city. 6. He was apprehensive that his enemies would be honored. 7. He feared that the soldiers would not fight bravely. 8. You would not be happy, even if^ we should gratify (you) in this. 9. And then they brought the young man into the city, that he might be chastised for his deeds."^ 10. If the general should send for the ships, he Avould do wrong. 11. I wrote the king this letter, that the whole affair might be made clear (to him). 12. If, therefore, we sliould slaughter the cattle, we should in this way procure ourselves provisions. 13. He therefore feared that the army might not arrive ^^ in time. 14. But we asked for arms with which to defend ourselves. -^^ 15. Not even if I should send for the ships, would you follow me.^^ NOTES. 1 g 282, 2. ' § 184, 2. 3 ^ 226, 2, with h. * I 141, N. 3. For the case, see § 171, 3. ^ What, genitive singular of the interrogative pronoun ris, § 84. For the case, see § 172, 1. Μ 9, 4. ' I 173, 2. ^ Tliat I might fight. ^ Not even if, ovS' d, at the beginning of the sentence. ^"^ ποίρειμι. *' See the third English sentence above. ^' ^ 184, 2. FIKST LESSONS IN GREiEK. 195 XIII. Verbs: Imperative. (XXIX.) I. 1. enov θεω καί τοΓς νόμοι^; πύθου. 2. ονκονν Ιασάτω jxe καί SoKelv καί eivaL κα\6ν re καγαθόν. 3. τα άφανη τοΙ<ζ φανεροί^^ τεκμαίρον. 4. άντρων φαύλων ορκον eh ύδωρ γράφε. 5. άνεσττάσΘω ^ το άγκύριον, 6. ύ] γλωσσά σον μη προτρβ'χετω του νου. 7. fXTj φεύγετε τους πόνους, αλλ εθελονται υπομένετε. 8. άνθρωπος ων^ μεμνησο της κοινής τύ'χΎ)ς. 9. μη λύπησον τον πάτερα. 10. άνηρ αχά- ριστος μη νομιζεσθω φίλος. 11. προ του έργου ευ βεβούλευσο. 12. οΐ νέοι παι^ευεσθωσαν. 13. πα- τήρ τε καΐ μητηρ πρόνοιαν εγετων της των τέκνων τταιδειας. 14. άκουσον μου, ω φίλε. 15. δυο άν^ρε μάγεσθον. 16. τω άδελφώ επεσθων. 17. ό θώραζ ούτως είργάσθω, ως μη κωλύη καθίζειν. 18. μη χΡευσθης καλαις ελπίσιν, άλλα πειράθητι α δυνατά εστίν. 19. 6 δε Ιερόσυλος ύπο της Ιίιμαιρας δια- σπασθητω. 20. εννοήσατε οτι επΙ ταϊς θύραις της *Ελλάδο9 εσμεν. Π. 1. Refrain, tlierefore, from disgraceful ac- tions. 2. At daybreak pray to the gods. 3. Send for the ships. 4. Let the door be closed once for all.^ 5. Do not blame this poor man. 6. Let a comrade trust a comrade. 7. Work, if you wish to fare well. 8. Let not the bad (man) occupy the place of the good (one). 9. Hear the witnesses, Judores ! 10. Receive me, Sea! 11. Let the 196 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK, citizens guard the laws. 12. Proceed, tlierefore, at once, tliat you may encamp near us. 13. Let tlie old men remain in the village. 14. Hold fast the beautiful,* Athenians ! 15. Let them send the scout upon the mountains at daybreak. NOTES. ' ^ 188, 1. ^ Being, the present participle of €ΐμί 2 I 202, 2, N. 1. '» ^ 139, 2. XIV. Syncopated Nouns of the Third Declension, — Irregular Adjectives. (XXX.) I. 1. αρ^ων αγαθός ούδε^»^ Ζιαφ4ρει πατρο<ζ αγα- θού. 2. σώφρων μ^ν νώς ευφραίνει τον πάτερα, άφρων 8e υιός λνπβί την μητέρα. 3. Ανσαν8 ρος μεγάλων τιμών ηζιώθη. 4. εΙκ6τω<ζ την Ζικαιοσύνην μητέρα των άλλων αρετών λεγονσιν. 5. υτττΌ? ττο- λνς οντε τοΙς σώμασιν οντε rat? ψυ^αΓς αρμοττει, 6. άνηρ dvhpa καΐ ττολις άώζει ττόλιν. 7. κάκου ανδρός Βώρα ονησιν ουκ εχευ. 8. άνΖράσι τοΐζ αγαθοί<ζ έπεται γνώμη τε καΐ αιδώς. 9. ^ωκράτη<; ου)(^ Ικετευσε τους Βικαστας μετά πολλών Βακρύων, 10. τα μεγάλα δώρα της τύ^ς εγει φόβον. 11. πα- ρακελεύονται οΐ πατέρες τοΙς υΐεσιν^ ευσεβείς κοΧ εύπειθεΐς είναι. 12. τον Κυρον οι ΤΙερσαι πάτερα προσηγόρευον. 13. τοις αγαθοΐς άνΒράσι λαμπρά οόςα €7Γ€ται. 14. η αρετή καλόν άθλόν εστίν dvBpl σοφω, 15. ύπερ των πάτερων καΐ των μητέρων FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 197 Ύ€ΐ/ναιω<; μαχ^ωμ^θα» 16. ουκ del ol τταιδες όμοιοι elai τω πατρί. 17. άγαθωι^ μ-ητέρων και αγα^αι θυγατ€ρ€ς, Θνγατράσι γαρ η μητηρ πασών αρετών Βι^ά(τκαλός Ιστιν, 18. ακονσα^ 'η θνγάτηρ τη μητρί την λβυκην ίσθητα φέρει, 19. μέγας φόβος τους πολιτας e^et, μη at σννθηκαι νπο των πολεμίων λνθωσιν. 20. οι 'ΈΧληνες πολλών καΐ μεγάλων πόλεων οικισται ήσαν. II. 1. Brave men are admired. 2. The shep- herd's daughter is singing. 3. The deeds of the good man are always noble. 4. Good sons obey their fathers and their mothers. 5. The words of the just have great power. 6. For this man has wisdom in place of great wealth. 7. The daughter brings her father the torch. 8. We did not accom- plisli these undertakings Avithout great dangers. 9. Of great toils the glory is also great. 10. These men are being concealed in the orator's house. 11. In Egypt (there) is a great abundance of grain. 12. The good daughter obeys her mother gladly. 13. Many men strive after wealth. 14. The tongue is the cause of many great evils. 15. The great king had a large army and much wealth. NOTES. ' In no respect, literally, ήι respect to nothing, neuter singular accusa- tive of ovSeis used adverbially, § 77, 1, n. 2, and ^ IGO, 2. ■■ I 60, 5, 30. •» From άκων. See I 138, n. 7. 198 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. XV. Verbs: Infinitive. (XXXI.) I. 1. καΚόν ecrrt το iv ττολε/χω άποΘνησκ^ιν. 2. SipSpov τταλαώρ μ€ταφντ€ν6ίρ ^ύσκοΧον. 3. νό- μοις iweaOau κα\6ν. 4. el βούΧει αγαθός γίγνε- σθαι, πρώτον πίστβν€, οτι κακός el. 5. τεθνκέναι τούτους φησίν τοΐς θεοϊς. 6. την πολύν φασί κιν- hvvevaai. 7. εΙς την πολβμίαν γην πορενθηναι λέγονται. 8. εάν τις λεγη, οτι βασυλεΐ εζεστι μη πείθεσθαι τοΙς νόμους, οντος λεγέσθω κολάζ είναυ. 9. πάντας -χρη ταύτα μανθάνειν. 10. ου πασνν εθελουσι συμβουλεύειν οι θεοί. 11. ελπίζομεν αϋ- ριόν σε γράφειν, πως πράττει 6 αδελφός. 12. πεί- θεσθαι τους παιδας τοις γονευσιν εκελευεν. 13. της Αγησιλάου αρετής τε και Βόζης άζιον επαινον γρά- xfjai ου paSiov εστίν. 14. ^ωκράτην πεπεικεναι τους νέους ^Ιαυτω ^ μάλλον η τοΓ? γονευσι πείθεσθαι εφα- σαν. 15. άρα^ οϊεσθε τους στρατηγούς την Έ/\λάδα σώσειν ; 16. αύτος εφη ηγησεσθαι την ούναμιν και τα υποζύγια πορεύεσθαι.^ 17. δ μέλλεις πράττειν, μη πρόλεγε. 18. τους 'χ^ρηστούς των ανθρώπων ευ πράττειν εστί δίκαιον. 19. ΆΧεζαν8ρος επεθύμησεν εν Kυδ^'ω λούσασθαι. 20. το γαρ πόλεις μεγάλας τον στρατηγον είληφεναι"^ καΐ γωραν πολλην ύφ εαυτω πεποιησθαι επαίνου άζιόν εστίν. II. 1. The king commanded the generals to march. 2. The father said he had been honored by his son. 3. To execute^ is hard, but to command FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 199 easy. 4. He compels us to delay in the market- place. 5. He commanded him to say ^ that the general had taken the city. 6. He wished the boy not to appear foolish. 7. Do you not ^ think that the gods will care for you ? 8. He commanded the god to serve a man^ for hire for a year.^ 9. They say that the seer was made blind by the gods. 10. The soldiers are not willing to proceed, but affirm that they will remain here. 11. It is right (for) the son to obey his father. 12. The bridge was said ^ to have been destroyed by the Greeks. 13. He says that the hoplites will proceed at day- break to the river. 14. All robbers of temples ought to be put to death. 15. He said that this stranger wished to take part in the expedition with us. NOTES. * Himself, dative singular of the reflexive pronoun «αυτοΰ, g 80. « ^ 282, 2. ^ Note carefully that the tenses of the infinitives are diiferent. * Perfect infinitive of λαμβάνω. ' g 184, 2. " Use μ€ν . . . δ€, 8 § 161. ^ ψάναι, present infinitive of φημί. ^ See note 1, Lesson XXXIX. XVI. Verbs: Participles. (XXXIII.) I. 1. ου πάνυ ήδαά έστιν η αΧηθεια τοΊ'ζ ακον- ovcTLv. 2. φενγβ r^hovrjv varepov φ4ρουσαν β\αβην. 3. φίλους ζ,γων νόμιζζ. θησαυρούς εχευν. 4. τοι/ ^ovcrou έκ πολΚου βάθον<; οΐ /xeraXXcuoi^res άνορντ' 200 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. τονσιν, 5. Χωκράτης ^ίαλβγόμει^ος wpoerpenero τους σννόντα^ μάλιστα προς ίγκράτειαν. 6. τάς προσπίπτουσας τνγας γειπ/αίως φέρετε. 7. 6 μάρ- τυς τά μέλλοντα καλώς πεπροφητενκεν. 8. ΜηΒευα τα τέκνα πεφονενκνΐα ε^αιρεν. 9. άναπανσαμενος πορενσεται, 10. οΐ περί ΚεωνίΖαν τριακόσιοι γεν- ναίως μαγόμενοι ετελεντησαν. 11. ό δε ηλαννε προς την πόλιν, όπως εγγύς στρατοπε^ενσάμενος τους φεύ- γοντας νπολαμβάνοι. 12. συνεκάλεσαν τους πρέσ- βεις άπο των πόλεων άκονσομενονς της επιστολής. 13. οντος γαρ τιμηθείς νπο τον Βημον την Βημοκρα- τίαν καταλνειν πεπείραται. 14. οι πολέμιοι διώκον- σιν εις τον ποταμον το στράτευμα το Ζιαβαΐνον.^ 15. ως τον άρζοντα δεΓ πρότερον μανθάνειν άρ^ε- cr^at, νυν λεζω. 16. ιππέας πεμπωμεν επΙ τον λόφον σκεφομενους που etcrtz^ οι πολέμιοι. 17. νομίσασα η πολις άνεπικλητότερον eii^at Άγησιλαον καΐ τω γένει και τη άρετη, τούτον εποιησατο /SacrtXea. 18. άμα τη ήμερα προσευζάμενοι τοΓς θεοΐς καΐ συνταζάμενοι ως εΙς μά^ην επορεύοντο οι '^Ελληνες. 19. οι '^Έλληνες τεθυκότες εζενιζον τους φίλους. 20. οι δε παρηλαυνον τεταγμένοι κατ ϊλας καΐ κατά τάζεις. II. 1. Regard liim that has diecP happy. 2. He Λνίΐΐ move both stones and trees (by his) singing. 3. The generals had come with triremes to besiege the island. 4. I am pleased (at) having been hon- ored by you. 5. He was not willing to converse^ FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 201 with those who had nof^ property. 6. To you Λvho have stirred up the city we shall oppose ourselves. 7. We will send men to do this. 8. lie will col- lect^ an army and besiege the city. 9. When they had done this, they withdrew to the camp. 10. He intends to come with boats and triremes. 11. He called the captains together^ and spoke as follows. 12. He blinded me Λνΐήΐο sleeping. 13. ISTot only punish those who transgress, but also hinder those Avho intend (to do so). 14. Since you are mortal, remember, young men, the common lot.^ 15. For these (two) men, if they should be trusted by the people, Avould overthrow the democracy. NOTES. » g 26, N. 2. " ^ 186, with n. 1. * "" Use τελβυτάω. " | 283, 4. * Greek idiom, having collected (aorist participle) an army he will besiege, etc. 6 Cf. II. 8, above. ' § 171, 2. XVn. Comparison of Adjectives,— Verbals. — Adverbs and their Comparison. — Numerals. (XXXVI.) I. 1. iv τοις 1\4φασιν ol αρρβνβς πολν αμεινους ζΐσίν. 2. δίκαιον Ιστι τους κρβίττονς των -ηττονων αργειν. 3. σνμβούλ€ν€ μη τα η^ίστα, άλλα τα άριστα. 4. κολαστβον τον τταΓδα, el μβλλβί ^νοαιμων elvat. 5. ίγθρός, ος τα άληθη λέγει, αΙρ€τώτ€ρο<; Ιστι φίλου, OS προς -χάριν κολακεύει, β. πλεονεξία 202 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. μβγιστον ανθρώπους κακόν. 7. σαφβίττβρον καί άκριββστβρον \4.ye τας έντοΧάς. 8. σωφροσυνην μ€ν ^ιωκτέον καί άσκιητίον, ακοΧασίαν δβ φενκτβον. 9. Κρυηας μεν των iv rrj ολιγαρχία πάντων βιαιότα- TOS ην, ΆλκιβίάΒης 8e των iv Tjj δημοκρατία πάντων άκρατέστατος καΐ υβριστότατος. 10. πάντων άδι- κώτατον πράγμα φθόνος ίστίν. 11. μ^ίζονς ηΒονάς ουκ εχονσυν ου γονβυς, η σώφρονας εγειν τταιδας. 12. ον μην ΒονλεντΕον τοΙς ye νουν ε^ζονσι τοις οντω κακώς φρονονσυν} 13. η ωδτ) πάνυ γαριεντως er^^i} 14. οΐ κόρακες μεΧάντατοι elcn πάντων ορνίθων. 15. εν Άθηναυς άντΙ της πάλαι δημοκρατίας ολι- γαρχία ην η των τριάκοντα τυράννων. 16. πολλάκις εκ /Λία? αμαρτίας μνρίαι γίγνονται άλγηδόνες. 17. ό στρατηγός την στρατιάν εις τάς εγγντάτω ^ κώμας άγει. 18. τον ySacrtXeo)? στρατεύματος ήσαν άρχον- τες τετταρες, τριάκοντα μυριάδων έκαστος. 19. θέ- ρους^ μεν -φυχροτερω, χειμωνος δε θερμοτερω υδατι λούεσθαι χαριεστερον εστίν. 20. λέγονται οι ΤΙερ- (ται άμφλ τάς δώδεκα μυριάδας εΤναι. II. 1. The Horns of the stag are much greater than^ those of the gazelle.^ 2. Traitors''' are much more hateful than the enemy. 3. It is very^ hard to be ruled by an inferior. 4. It is most truly said that Cyrus ruled justly. 5. The oracle at Delphi Λvas most in repute. 6. Children have no^ greater benefactors than their parents. 7. We must not flatter the commander, but obey (him) most zealously. FIEST LESSONS IN GREEK. 203 8. He was the son of a most prudent man. 9. Tlic easiest road for an army is the quickest. 10. He has come with a thousand soldiers and twenty tri- remes to besiege the city. 11. We shall fight more bravely, if Cyrus himself lead (us). 12. The servant is both \^ery fond of money and very idle. 13. The captain must lead a hundred and fifty ^'^ hoplites as quickly as possible into the nearest village. 14. It is fifteen stadia from this river to Thermopylce. 15. Sophocles composed a hundred dramas. NOTES. ^ I 184, 2. * ^ 179, 1. ^ See note 8, Lesson XXV. ^ ή. 3 ^ 75, Ν. 1, and ^ 141, n. 3. ^ Than the {horns) of the gazelle. ' Use the article. ^ Very is sometimes translated by putting the word which it modifies in the superlative. » Not. »o I 77, 2, N. 2 a. XVIII. Verbs: Contract. (XXXVIII.) I. 1 . ραστον Ιστιν αττάντων kavrov ^ Ιζαττα,ταν. 2. Όΐ νομάδες των Κιβυων ον ταΓ? ημεραυς, αλλά ταΐς ννζίν άρίθμονσι τον ^)(ρ6νον. 3. πληρωμεν τας ρανς καΐ ττΧεωμεν^ ίττι τους πολεμίους. 4. νομίζω άεΐ τους θβονς γβλαν ορώντας την των ανθρώπων κενο- σπονΖίαν. 5. μηΒεΙς φοβείσθω θάνατον, άπόλυσιν κακών. β. πανταχού οί προ^όται θανάτω ζ-ημιονν- ται. 7. οι μεν άλλοι ζώσιν Ινα εσθίωα-υν, αύτος ^ δε εσθίω Ινα ζω. 8. άπαντα 6 τον ζητονντος πόνος 204 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. evpL(TK€L•. 9. αλλά 1787^ Β^ωμεί' την των βαρβάρων yrjv. 10. οΐ 'Ρόδιοι μακρότερον έσφενΒόνων των πλείστων τοςοτων. 11. Set τάς πόλεις κοσμεΐν ταίς των οίκονντων άρεταυς. 12. €ΐ τις την των σωμάτων φνσίν άκριβοίη, Ιωτο αν πάσας νόσους ; 13. μη^ε- ποτε πεψω Svo φίλων ειι^αι κριτής, 14. άριστ αν αί τΓολεις οίκοίντο, εΐ οι αργοντες τοίς νόμοις πεί- θοιντο. 15. 'Σωκράτης έλεγε τους μεν άλλους αν- θρώπους ζην,* ϊνα εσθίουεν, αύτον^ 8ε εσθίειν, Ινα ζωη. 16. μη μέγα φρονεί, ίνα μη ταπεινοί. 17. μη φθόνει τοις ευτυγουσι, μη Ζοκης είναι κακός, 18. μη ζυγγωρει τοΙς της φυγτ^ς πάθεσιν αλλ' ενάντιου. 19. 'ϊ^ικελία η νήσος πρότερον Ύρινακρία εκαλεΐτο. 20. €1 νόμος κελεύοι μη εσθίοντας ^ μη πεινην ^ καΧ μη πίνοντας μη Sixjjrjv μη^ε ριγών ^ του γειμωνος ^ μηΖε θάλπεσθαι του Θέρους, τις αν πείθοιτο των ανθρώπων ; II. 1. Either be silent, or speak more fitly.^ 2. Socrates did not neglect liis body/^ and did not approve those who neglected (theirs). 3. They ap- proached, that they might free the captives. 4. It is fated (for) all men to die. 5. Those who love are loved, but those who hate are hated. 6. The soldiers were enslaved by the barbarians. 7. Let us rush on courageously, Soldiers, against the enemy. 8. The citizens feared that the city would be besieged. 9. Those who oppose themselves to the good are Avorthy of being punished.^^ 10. All (men) FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 205 are pleased wlien tliey are honored.^^ 11. Let us either conquer or die. 12. Let us free our friends, but get in hand our enemies. 13. He was greatly loved and honored by the Athenians. 14. Let not him who is most ^^ fortunate be high-minded. 15. Imitate the actions (of those) ^"^ whose reputations you envy. NOTES. ' Ones self, g 80. ' I 179, 1. ' ^ 98, N. 1. ^ Say better (things). 3 Myself, | 145, 1. '« g 171, 2. * 1 98, ϊί. 2. " I 261, 1. δ Himself I 145, 1. '' I 277, 1. « I 277, 5. " μοίλκΓτα. ' g 98, N. 3. " k 152. XIX. Verbs: Present, Future, and Pirst Aorist St&ms. (XLI.) I. 1. τα παρ' ΰ/χωζ/ άπαγγελοΰ^^,ει^ τω /^acrtXet. 2. ού τάληθη άποκρν\Ι^6μ€θα. 3. Ισ)(νρως Ομηροι/ 4Θανμαζ€ν ^ΑλεζανΒρος. 4. Κί}ρο9 ovhkva έπεμπε σιημανονντα ο τι ^ή Troteti^. 5. έλπιζε τιμών τον'; γονέας πράζειν καλώς. 6. εΙρηνης ούσης ^ ot άνθρω- ποι σπερονσιν, ο δε πόλεμος πάντα Βίαφθερεΐ. 7. ot πατέρες ημών πολλά καΙ καλά έργα άπεφηναντο εΙς πάντας ανθρώπους, δ. ουκ επετρε\\}ε τω ^ημω παρά τους νόμους \\)ηφίσασθαι. 9. και εκ πολέμου σώ- σουσι την πόλιν καΐ ευΒαίμονα Βιαφυλάζουσιν. 10. άργοντος πανουργία την πάσαν πόλιν /xtaz-et. 11. τάληθη άπόκριναι, εσθλος γάρ άνηρ ου ψευδέ- 206 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. rat. 12. iav φράσω τάληθες, ονγι ere ευφράνω, 13. Θεμιστοκλής καί ^ Αριστείδης έστασιαζετην ετι iraiSe οντε? 14. \6γισαι προ του έργου. 15. οϋτε πυρ Ιματίω περιστείΧαι Ζυνατον ούτε αίσγ^ρον αμάρ- τημα γ^ρόνω. 16. εφηφίσαντο ol ^Αθηναίοι τους πολίτας αποσφαζαι. 17. συ μεν παρ* εμοί εμεινας, οΐ δ' αλλο6 άπηραν ο'ίκαΒε. 18. οΐ '^Ελληνες πάντες ηλάλαζαν. 19. καΐ 6 άναισθητότατος αίσ^υνειται τον ευεργετην εν^εα \είπενν, 20. ό φόβος εϋπειθε- στερους τους ανθρώπους ποιεί • τεκμηραιο δ' αν τούτο καΐ άπο των εν τοις ναυσίν,^ II. 1. They will announce this to the generals at daybreak. 2. The gods have dealt out* misfortunes to many good (men). 3. They will leave the weak behind on^ the road. 4. AVe beseech you to de- fend* us. 5. We fully armed all the citizens. 6. He will arrange the soldiers four deep.^ 7. Af- ter she had killed^ her son she leaped into the sea. 8. They will all lament their unfortunate friend. 9. (The herald)^ made proclamation to the Greeks to collect their baggage. 10. They thought the enemy would appear^ on the next day. 11. Do not expose these secrets of your friend. 12. The citi- zens held up their hands. 13. They expected to arrive at the villages at sunset.^^ 14. They will arm themselves with shields and breastplates. 15. Milo, the athlete, lifted a bull and bore (it) through the stadium. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. 207 NOTES. * In time of peace, there being peace, ^ 183. For oi'onis, see | 127, I. * Present participle in the dual masculine of «ίμί. ^ ^ 141, N. 3, second paragraph. ^ €irl τίττοίρων. ■* Aorist. ' ^ 277, 1. ^ 6V. 8 I 134, N. 1 d. ^ Their thought was, the enemy will appear, etc. Use the infinitive in quoting. "^ At the same time with the sun setting. XX. Pronouns. (XLII.) I. 1. ουτός ianv 6 σος αδελφός. 2. 6 St/cato? oif μόνοι' τοΓς άλλοις ωφέλιμος Ιστιν, αλλά πολύ μάλιστα αντος αύτω. 3. ταντην την γνώμιην €γω ζτγωγε. 4. rt γαρ πατρώας ημιν φιλτερον -χθονός ; 5. και ημείς τους υμετέρους ζενους ζενίζομεν. 6. μη- Ζεποτε ^ου\ον ηδονής σαυτον ποίει. 7. νομίζεις μη είναυ θεούς, επεί αυτούς ουγ^ ορώμεν, αλλ' ούδε την σαυτου συ γε χΐίυχην οράς, η του σώματος κυρία εστίν. 8. οϋτε δια ψύχους μαΧΚόν του evZov μενειν, ούτε δια θάλπους μά'χεσθαί τω περί σκιάς, Σωκρά- τους ην 6 τρόπος. 9. ουκ εννοείτε, τίνων καΐ, οίων και όσων ευεργεσιών οι θεοί ημίν αίτιοι είσιν ; 10. δεΓ ημάς εις το της πόλεως ωφέλημα βλεπειν. 11. ού8εν οΰτως ημετερόν εστίν, ώς ημείς ημΐν αύ- Γοις. ιΖ. καγω, ει υμεις τα οικαια ποιειν εσελετε, εττεοΓ^αι ύμίν βούλομαι. 13. οι άνθρωποι αυτοί eto-tl•' εαυτοΐς πολέμιοι. 14. μάγονται οι ελέφαντες σόο^ρως προς αλλήλους. 15. τά μέλλοντα προ- 208 FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK. γιγνώσκειν ov της ημετέρας φνσεώς εστίν. 16. εγώ σον πΧονσίώτερός et/xt, η εμη αρα κτησις της σης κρείττων. 17. οντος δο /cet μοι άριστος είναι οίκος, ετι/ ω τοιούτος εστίν 6 Βεσπότης δι' αυτόν, οίος εζω δια τον νόμον. 18. Ζιαφερονσιν οι ελέφαντες τη ανδρεία θανμαστως άΚΧηλων. 19. όστις ΒιαβοΧαις τα)(ν πείθεται, πονηρός αυτός εστί τους τρόπους. 20. τί γαρ το φιλοκερ^ες,^ τι ποτέ εστί καΐ τίνες οι φιλοκερδείς ; II. 1. The lion and the jackal are at war with one another.^ 2. The general was hostile to us, but friendly to you. 3. The commander called them together into his own tent. 4. He bids us say these same things to you also. 5. These men are your benefactors. 6. These messengers whom you see are friendly to us. 7. Tell me Λvhat opinion you have about this. 8. The good trust one another. 9. We love our own children. 10. My son is virtuous,^ but yours (is) idle. 11. Is there any person in the house? 12. This kino; was himself tlie commander of his own army. 13. The bad injure one another. 14. Who is that woman ? 15. A philosopher hav- ing been asked by some one, What is hostile to men ? said, Themselves to themselves. NOTES. » I 1S4, 4. ' § 185. 2 ^ 139, 2. ■» ^hens. The single dagger prefixed to a Λvord pointing dowii (+) or up (+), or the double dagger pointing in bolli directions (X), points to some related word or words containing the common stem or root. When this device is not possible, the related word that shows best the stem or root follows in paren- thesis. The quantity of a, t, and v, when naturally long, is consistently marked throughout, except where such natural quantity is already indicated by the circumflex accent, as in ά9\ος. These vowels, when not marked, are to be pronounced short. Words are to be sought for under their themes, though diificult forms, especially of verbs, Avill often be fouml in the alphabetical list. The old-style numerals refer to the Lessons. English words in small capitals are cognate Avith the Greek words, those in black letter are borrowed from them. a-, a- priv. or cop., ^ 131, 4, w. N. 2. Un-. a, «i-ircp, see oc, όσ-ττεμ. ά-βατο5, ov (^βαίνω), impassable, 71 ot fordahle. άγάγω, etc., see αγω, άγαθο5| V, όν, ι 73, 1, good, brave, virtuous; αγαθόν, ro, a good thing, good, advantage, benefit, pi. posses- sions. 14. άγαμαι, ψ/άσΟην, 1, to admire. 49. L αγ€ΐρω άγαν, very, much, too. άγατΓοίω, αγαττησω, etc., to show by outward signs that one regards, to love, be contented. άγγ€λλω (άγγελ-), ά-}^/ελώ, ι]-)'^/ειλα, ί^γγελκα, /)γγελμαι, ηγγέλβτ/ν, IV., to bring a message, announce, a. d. 41 . 4άγγ6λθ5, ό, ή, a messenger. 6. Angel, άγείρω (αγερ-), ίρ/εφα, τ/γέρΗ^μ>, ΙΥ., to bring together, collect. άγί'λη 220 αΐκίξω άγβ'λη, ης {αγω), α herd. ά-γηρωδ, (^ν {ϊνρ(^ζ), free from old age, undying. 'Α"γησ-ί-λαθ5) ο, Agesilaus. άγκυριον, 70 (dim. in form of αγκΐρα^ an anchor), an anchor. άγορα, άς (άγείμω)^ an assembly, place of assembly, market-place, mar- ket; ayofici 7τ7ιΐ)βουσα, the time of full inarhet, forenoon. 32. Ιάγορά^ω {Ιιγυραό-), άγυ(>άσω, etc., IV., to buy. Ιάγοραΐοδ, ov, belonging to the ά}ο[>ά. 4•άγορεΰ«, αγορεύσω, etc., to ha- rangue, speak of. άγρα, ας, booty, prey. faYpios, a, ov, living in the fields, wild. 12. Ιάγριοτηξ, Τ'^ζ, V, wildness. άγρο'δ, ό, afield. Acre. άγρυ•7Γν€ω, αγρυπνήσω (^άγρυτΐνος, slecjAess), to be sleepless. άγχω, αγξω, -ηγξα^ to strangle. άγω, αξω, ηξα (rare), -ηχα, ηγμηι, r /χΗην, 2 a. ηγαγον, to lead, conduct, bring, carry, draw, weigh ; ήσνχίαν άγω, to keep> quiet; αγε {ογ άγετε) δί/, come now ! 10. Ιάγών, ωνος, ύ, an assembly ; hence, a co)itcst, games. 53. Agony. ^αγωνίζομαι [αγω^ίό-)^ αγωνιονμαι, etc., IV., to contend. Agonize. 4άγωνο-θ€'τη5, ov (τί()//μί), a jjresi- dent in the games, judge of a contest. a-Sciirvos, ov [όείττνον), supp)erless. |ά-5£λφη, ής.1 fern, of seq., a sister. ά-δ€λψος, voc. ά(ίελossible, imprac- ticable. αδω, φσομαι, ?}σα, ίισβην, Attic for (ΐείδω, άείσω, etc., to sing. aii, always, from time to time. cUto's, a, an eagle. 14. άτθάνατος, ov, immortal. ά -Ocos, ci', godless, impious. 30. Atheist. 'Αθηνά, «ζ•, Athena, identified by the Romans with Minerva. |*Αθηναζ€, § 61, to Athens. 'Αθήναι, ων [Άβηνα), Athens. 4.'Αθηναιο8, ό, an Athenian. ΐ'Αθήνησ-ι, | 61, Ν. 2, at Athens. |άθλητη$, ov {άβλεω, to contend for a prize), a prize-fighter, athlete. foBXios, ος or a, ov, struggling, wretched. Ιάθλον, TO, the prize of contest, a prize. 14. άθλος, ό, a contest. |ά-θροίζω (άθροιδ-), αθροίσω, etc., IV., to press close together, assem- ble, collect, viuster.' 35. ά-θρόο?, a-, ov (a- cop., θρόος, 7ioisc), close together, in a body. Ιά-θϋ,αε'ω, αβΖψησω, to be dispirited. ά-0ϋμο8, ov, dispirited, discour- aged. 30. Αϊγϊνα, 7]ς, Aeglna, an island in the Saronic Gulf. ^.ΑΙγϊνήτη?, ov, an Acginetan. ΐΑΙγΰίΓΓίο?, (i, ov, Egyptian; masc, as noun, an Egyptian. ΑϊγυΐΓΤΟδ, /), Egypt αΙδώς, όος, η, ^ ο5, Ν. 1, reverence. αΐκίζω (αΐκίδ-), comm. dep. αΐκίζο- μαι, αικίονμαι, etc., IV. {α'ικΐα, abuse), to insult, outrage, mangle. ΑΙν€ΐοίδη$ 221 άληθ€ΐα t ΑΙνίΐοίδης, W, α son of Aeneas. Alvei'ds, ου, Aeneas, the Trojan liero. |αΙν€ω, ηινίσο), yveaa, -τ/νεκα, ^νη- /mi, ijvtihiv, ^ 109, 1, N. 2, to praise. αίνος, ό, praise. αϊ|, αίγός, ό, ?/, a goat. Aegis. falpcTo's,^, όν, chosen; c. preferable. αίρεω (ίλ-), αφήσω, ijpTjKa, ΐψημαι, ήρεβην, 2 a. είλον (^ 104), VIII., ίο to^e; mid. to choose, elect, prefer. 46. Heresy. αίρω, αρώ, ^ρα, ^p/ca, ήμμαι^ Vpf^W, Attic for άε/ρω (άερ-), etc., IV., ίο raise, camj off. * αΙ(Γθάνομαι [αίσβ-), αίσθήσομαι^ ^ΰβΐ^- μαί, 2 a. ψβόμτμ>, V., become aware of, to perceive, learn, hear, g. or A. 48. Aesthetic. 4αϊσθησΐ8, ειος, η, perception, sense. αΐσ-χο5, TO, disgrace, shame. |al, shameful, disgrace- ful, base, unseemly. 30. 4.αΙ(Γχυνη, ης, disgrace, shame. φαΐσχΰνω {αισχνν-), αίσχυνώ, ^σχν- να, ^σχνμμαι, ^σχννβην, IV., ίο dis- grace, shame; mid. ίο be ashamed, stand in awe of. 41. αΙτ€ω, αιτήσω, etc., to ask some one /or something, demand. 34. αιτία, «C, cause, ground, occasion ; a fault, reproach, censure ; αΐτίαν έχω, to be blamed. ^.αΐτιάομαι, αΐτιάσομαι, etc., to blame. jai'Ttos, a, ov, causing, guilty; αΐτώς elut, to be the cause ; ό αΐτως, the author ; το αΐτιυν, the cause. αίχμ-οίλωτοξ, οι; (αιχμή, a spear, ά?ύσκομαή, taken in war, captured, captive. άκϊνάκης, ov, a short sivord. α-κληρο$, ov (κλτ/ρος, lot, portion), portionless, needy, in poverty. άκοη, τ/ς [ΰκονω), hearing, the sense of hearing. ά-κολασ(ά, ας (κοίάζω), intemper- (incc. ά-κολουθί'ω, ακολονθήαω {α-κ.όλον- θος, following, a- cop. and κΓΑενβης, a road), to folloxo, d. An-acolu- thon. ακοντίζω {(ΐκοντιδ-), άκοντιώ [άκων, a javelin), to hurl a javelin, shoot, hit. lOKo'vTwris, εως, ή, throwing the javelin. άκουω [ακον- for clkoF-), ακοίσομαι, ήκονσα, ήκονσβην, 2 p. ακήκοα, to hear, heed, g. of the source, a. of the thing, ^ 171, 2, and n. 1. 20. Acoustic. oKpcL, ας (άκρος), a peak, citadel. fa-Kpacria, ας, licentiousness. ά-κρατη8, ές (κράτυς), j^oiverless, intemperate. α-κρατος, ov (κεράνννμι), unmixed. άκριβη5» ^C, exaxt, accurate. ^άκρϊβο'ω, άκρΐβώσω, etc., to under- stand thoroughly. άκpooίoμαι,ά^'po(Zσo//αί,etc., to hear, listen to, G. of the person, a. of the thing. ^άκροάτηριον, τό, an auditorium. |άκροάτη5, ov, a hearer, listener. |άκρο'-ΐΓθλΐ5, εως, ή (ττό/.ίς), a cita- del, acropolis. άκρος, a, ov, at the point, topmost; TO άκρον, height, .sumynit, eminence; τα άκρα, the heights. Acrobat. Ιάκρ-ωνυχία, ης (οννξ), the tip of the nail; hence tlie top of a mountoAn. ακτωρ, ορός, ό (άγω), a leader. άκων, ονσα, ov, | 66, Ν. 1 (α-, εκών), unwilling. αλαλάζω (αλα/.αγ-), α/Μλάξομαι, ήλάλαξα, IV. (άλαλ?/, the war-cry), to raise the war-cry. άλγηδών, όνος, ή {ά?.γέω, to feel 2)ain, ά/.γης, poAn), j^ain. άΧίκτρυών, όνος, ό, a cock. Άλε'ζ-ανδρος, ό, Alexander. |α-ληθ€ΐα, ας, truth. αληθεύω 222 ανα-γιγνίοα-κω |ά-ληθ£υω, αληβενσω, ψ.ηΒενσα^ to speak tJtc truth. 2. ά-ληθη5, εζ {λανθάνοή, unconcealed, true ; το αλ^ιΟέςοχ τα (ύιηβή^ the truth. άλ.ί(ΓΚομαι. (άλ-, όλο-), άλώσομαι, if/MHd or έά/ιίύκα, 2 a. ήλων or έάλων, VI., to he taken, captured, or con- victed. 5 1 . *Αλκι-βιάδη5, ov, Alcibiades. άλκιμο5, '>v [αΤίκή, prowess), valiant. αλλά, conj. (neut. plur. of άλλος with changed accent), properly other- wise ; hence, but, yet. άλλάττω (άλλαγ-), άλ?Μξω, etc., \v. 2 a. pass. Ίΐλ^Μ-γην, IV. {άλλος), to mahe other than it is, change. άλλη (dat. of άλλος, so. όδώ), in another way, otherwise. αλλήλων {άλ?Μς), § 81, of one an- other. Par-allel. άλλομαι (άλ-), ά/Μυμαι, ίιλάμην, 2 a. ιβόμην (rare), IV., to leap. άλλος, ?/, ο, another, other, else ; ό άλλος, ξ 142, 2, Ν. 3 ; ry άλ?ιΐ), sc. ήμερα, the next day. Ιάλλως, otherwise; άλλως πως ?/, in any other way than; άλ7.ως έχειν, to be otherwise. ά-λογκΓΤθ5, ov (λογίζομαι), incon- siderate, devoid of reason. 14. άμα, at the same time, at the same time with; άμα ry ήμερα, at day- break ; άμα ήλ'ιω άνατέλλοντί, at sun- rise. |άμ-α|α, ης [άγω), a wagon, a wagon- Inad. 5. |άμα|-ιτο9, όν (εΙμι), passable by wagons. 12. άμαρτάνω (αμαρτ-), άμαρτήσομαι, ήμάρτΊΐκα, ήμάρτημαι, ήμαρτί/βην, 2 a. ήμαρτον, V^., to miss, a. ; then, to do wrong, err, transgress. 46. |άμοίρτημα, ('.τυς, τύ, failure, vjrong- doing, fault, sin. |άμαρτία, ΰς, fault, sin. άμαυροω, αμαυρώσω (άμavpός,dark)^ to make dark, impair. o.-)i.a.)(jii{ μάχομαι), without β ghting. άμ-βρθ(Γία, ας [άμ-βρόσιος and άμ- βροτος, immortal, from a- and βροτός, a mortal), ambrosia, the food of the gods. άμ€ίνων, ov, better. See αγαθός. |ά-μελ€ΐα, ας, neglect, indifference. f ά-μελ€'ω, αμελήσω, to be careless, to slight, neglect, g. ά-μίλήδ, ες (μέλω), careless. άμιλλάομαι, άμιλ?ίήσομαι, etc. {άμιλ-^ λα, α contest), to contend; w. επί, to strive fm• or strive to reach. άμΐΓ€λθ5, ή, a vine. Ισμττελών, ώνος, ό, a vineyard. m άμυνω (άμυν), αμυνώ, ήμϋνα, IV., to -ward off, defend; mid. to defend ones self, avenge one's self on, pun- ish. 41, άμψί, prep, (akin to άμφω), on both sides of, about. (1) "With G. (rare in prose), about, concerning. (2) With Α., about, near, of place, time, number, etc. ; oi άμψΙ Kvpov, Cyrus and those with him. In comp., about, on both sides. Amphi-. |άμφοτΰρο5, a, ov, both. ίάμφοτ£'ρωθ£ν, on both sides. άμψω, both. άν, post-posit, particle, ^ 207. dv, conj., contr. from εάν, q. v., if. άνά, prep., in prose w. A. only, up, up along, over, through, among, by, at the rate of, of place and time and in distributive expressions ; ανά κράτος, iip to one's strength, at full speed. In comp., up, back, again, and sometimes simply intens. On, ana-. άνα-βαίνω, to go up, mount. |άνά-βασ-ΐ8, ^ωζ-, //, an ascent, march inlaitd. 21. άνα-γιγνώ(Γκω, to know again, rec- ognize, read. άναγκοίζω 223 ανόητο? fά.vayκά^ω{cιvaγκaδ-), αναγκάσω, etc., Ι\'., (ο covip el, force, constrain. 31. αναΎκη, ης, necessity, constraint; ανάγκη εστίν, it is necessary or una- voidable. 31. άνα-γνουδ, see άνα-γιγνώσκω. άνα-'γρ<ίψω, to engrave and set np^ as a tablet, to record. άν-άγω, to lead up; mid. to put to sea, set sail. άνα-θαρρ€ω or ανα-θαρσέω, to regain courage. άνά-θημα, ατός, τό (τίθημι), that which is set up, a votive offering. Anathema. αν-αιρ€ω, to take up ; mid. to take up one's own, as the dead for burial. όν-αί(Γθητο5, ov [α'ισβάνομαι), with- out feeling. Anaesthetic. άνα-κοινοω {κοινόω, κηινώσω, etc., to make common, from κοινός), to make common, communicate; mid. to consult u-ith, d. ^S. άνα-κρά^ω, to cry aloud, shout. ονα-λαμβάνω, to take up, rescue. άνα-μενω, to remain, wait for. άνα-Ίταυω, to stop, trans. ; mid. to desist, rest. άνα-τΓίίθω, to persuade. 31, ov-apio-Tos, ov {άριστον'), without breakfast. άν-αρχίά, άς {άρχη), anarchy. άνα-σ-ττάω, to draw up. άνα-στάδ, όνα-ίττηναι, see άν-Ίστη- μι. άνα-<Γτρ€ψω, to turn back, retreat, retire. Anastrophe. άνα-ταράττω, to confuse; ανατετα- ραγμένος, in disorder. άνα-τ€ίνω, to stretch or hold up, raise. ανα-τελλω (τέ?./Μ, stem τελ-, έτει- λη, -τέταλμαι, IV., to raise), to rise. άνα-τίθημι,, to put or set up, conse- crate. άνα-τολτ], ήζ {ανα-τέ?,λω), a rising. άνα-φί'ρω, to carry up. Anaphora. άνα-χωρέ'ω, to go back, withdraw. avSpiid, ας (άνήρ), courage. άνδράος, α, ov {άνήρ), manly, brave. Ιάνδρίίωδ, like men, bravely. tavSpiavTo-iroio'si ό (ποιέω), a sculp- tor. avSptas, άντος, ό (άνήρ), a statue. ανδρών, ώνος, ό {άνήρ), the men's apartment. άν•εΎ£ίρω, to wake up, arouse. άν -inreiv {είτυν), to proclaim, an- nou7ice. αν€μο9, ό, wind. άν-ίττί-κλητοξ, ov {έ-ί-κ7.ητος, sian- moned, accused, from ί-ι-κα/.έω, to summon), unblamed. άν-εστην, see άν-ίστημι. άνευ, improper prep. w. G., with- out. άν-η'γαγον, see άν-άγω. άν-ηγε'ρθην, see άν-εγείρω. άνη'ρ, άνόρός, 6, § 57, 2, Lat. vir, a man, as distinguished from a woman, while άνθρωτΐος, Lat. homo, is man as opposed to god or beast; hence a husband, soldier. Often joined with another noun as a term of respect, especially in address, as άνδρες στρα- τιώται. άνθ*, by apostr. for αντί, before an aspirate. άνθ-ί<Γτημι, to set against; mid. to withstand, resist. ΙάνθρώτΓίνοδ, V, o^, human. άνθρωΐΓ0$, 0, aman,j)crson, human being. See άνήρ. Phil-anthropy. άνΐοίω, άνϊΓισω, ήνίάσα, ήνΐό,βην {αν- ία, grief), to ρ>αιη, grieve, trouble. (ίv-tημι, to let go, unloose, unstring. άν-ίσ-τημι, to set up, raise, arouse, start up ; mid. w. pf. and 2 a. act., to get up, rise. ά•νοητο5, ov (voiiS), demented. άτοίγΜ 224 άττλοος άν-ο£γω, and άν-ο£γνϋμι, 2, ανοίξω, ανεωξα, άνέωχα, άνέωγμαι, άνεωχβτμ:, 2 ρ. άνεωγα (rare), ^ 104, ν. 1 {οΙγω, ίο open), to open. άν-ολβθ5, ον, unhappy, wretched. όί-νοος, ον, senseless. άν-ορυττω, (ορΰττω, stem ορνγ-, ορν- ξω, ώρυξα, -ορωρυχα, ορώρνγμαι, ωρν- χ(^ηι\ IV., to dig), to dig up. άντ-ίπιμελεομαι, to take thought in return. αντί, prep. w. G., in place of, in- stead of, for ; original meaning, over against, against. In comp., against, in opposition, in return, instead. Anti-. 'Αντιγόνη, νζ, Antigone, one of tliG daughters of Oedipus. άντι-λί'γω, to speak against, op- pose, D., § 184, 2. άντι-'ΐΓαρασκ€υά^ομαι, to prepare one's self in turn. άντι-τταρα-τάττομαι, to draw one's self up against or opposite. άντι-7Γ0ΐ€ω, to retaliate; mid. to contend with one for something, d., g. άντι-σ"τα(Γΐώτη5, ov (στασιώτης, a partisan, from στάσις), an opjyo- nent. 33. άντρον, τό, a cave. άνω {ανά), ^ 75, Ν. 1, ujy, high up, above, into the air. |άνώ-γ€ων, TO {yfj), § 42, 2, a hall. αξία, ΰς (αξως), value, desert, due. ά;ΐνη, νζ, an AXE. |ά|ι.0-θα\5μα<ΓΤ08, ov, worthy of ad- miration. |ά|ιο-λογο5, ov, worth -mentioning. a^ios, «, ov (άγω), weighing as much, of equal value, worth, worthy, d.-.serving. jijio'w, αξιώσω, etc., to deem worthy ovjit: hence, to ask, demand, claim, a< jit. 3S. 4άξίωμα, (i~oc, τύ, dignify. Axiom. |σ|ι'ω5, worthily, in a manner wor- άξω, see αγω. aoiSo's, , to renounce, give up, become exhausted. άπ-άγω, to conduct or lead away or back. a-iraiSevTOs, ov {τΐαιδευώ], unedu- cated. άΐΓ-αίρω, io lift off; hence, to sail away, depart. άτΓ-αιτ€'ω, to ask from, demand. |άΐΓ-αλλαγη, ής, release. ά-ΐΓ-αλλάττω, to set free, deliver from ; mid. be freed from, g. άπαλο'ς, ή, όν, soft, tender. άτταξ, once, once for all. ά-τταρα-σκίυασ-τοδ or ά-παρά- (TKCVOS) ov {τταρα-σκενάζω, σκενυς), itn- prepared. 39. a-TTOS, (Loa, av, (a- cop., πάς), all together, all, the whole. Ιάπατάω, απατήσω, etc., to outwit, deceive. άττάτη, ?/ί•, cunning, deceit. ά•ΐΓ-€ΐμι {ί'ί,αί), to be away or absent. άτΓ-ίίμι (f'/^<), to go away. άΐΓ-£Ϊ)ςον, see άπ-έχω. άπ-ελαΰνω, to dnve off, to ride or march away. άτΓ-€λβών, see αττ-έρχομαι. άΐΓ-€ρΰκω (ερΌκω, ερΐξω, ηρνξα, to keep off), to keep off. ά•ίΓ-€'ρχομαι, to go away, withdraw. άπ•-€χω, to hold off, intrans. to be distant; mid. to refrain or abstain from, G. άτΓ-ήλθον, see άπ-έρχυμαι. άτΓ-ηρα, see άπ-α'φω. άΐΓ -ie'vai, άττ-ιμεν, άττ-ίοιμι, άιτ-ιών, see ("ιττ-ε/ηι. άτΓλοΌ?, '/, ον, § 65, si/nplc. αιτλοος 225 αΐΓοχ^ωρ€ω a-irXoos, οι/, contr. άπΛουζ-, mrv (πλέω), not sailing, unseaxvorthy . άίΓο, prep. w. G., from, off from, axuay from,, of place, time, and cause ; originally (as opposed to έ/»), sepa- rated from. In comp., /rom, away, off, in return, sometimes simply in- tens., and sometimes almost nega- tive. Off, of. άπΌ-βείλλω, to throxv axuay, lose. άίΓο-βιβά^ω, to discxnhark. άΐΓ0-8£(κνϋμι, to point out, show, publish, appoint, designate; mid. to declare or express ones opinion, etc. άπ-ο-8ι8ρα(Γκω ('V^a-), άποόράσομαι, ά-οόίόρΰκη, 2 a. άπίόραν, VI., ^^ 108, VI., Ν. 1, to run away, escape un- observed. 44• άΐΓο-δί$ωμι, to give bach or xipi, re- store, render xvhat is due ; mid. to sell. Apodosis. άπο-δοκ€Ϊ (ί5ο/νέω), it does not seem expedient. άίΓΟ-δυ'ω, to strip off, spoil. άΐΓθ-θνη<Γκω, to die off, die, sxiffer death, be slain. άΐΓο-Κ€ΐμαι, to be laid axvay, to be reserved. άπΌ-κηρυττω, to renoxmce publicly, disinherit. άπ-ο-κινδϋν€υω, to make a bold at- tempt; pass, tobepxit to great hazard. άι:ο-κλ(ίω, to shut off, intercept. 26. άτΓΟ-κοΊΓτω, to cut off. άτΓο-κρ^νομαι, to reply, answer. άίΓο-κρΰΐΓτω, to hide from, conceal. άττο-κπίνω, to kill off, slay, p>ut to death. άίΓΟ-κτίννϋμι, 2, = αποκτείνω. άπΌ-κωλνω, to hinder from. άπΌ-λίΐ'-ίΓω, to leave behind, desert. άΐΓ-ολλϋμι, to destroy xdterly, slay, lose; mid. to perish; 2 p. απ-οΆω/.α, to be undone. 52. 'ΑτΓολλων, ωνος, ό, Apollo. tairo-Xvcris, fcjf, ή, release. άτΓΟ-λυω, to free from. άτΓ-ολώλ€κα, see άπ-ό?ιλνμι, ά•π•ο'-μαχο5, ov (μάχομαι), disabled, out of the ranks. ;^2^. άπΌ-νεμω, to piortion oxd, pay, give. α'π•ο-νοσ^€'ω {νοστίω, νυστήσω, to return home, from νόστος, a return home), to return home. άτΓο-ΐΓ€μΐΓω, to sexul hack, away, or home, remit; mid. dismiss. άττο-ιτλίω, to sail off or avjaxj. ta-iropc'ft», άττορήσω, etc., to be at a loss or in doubt. fa-iropid, ΰς, perplexity, difficulty. ά -iropos, ov, xoithoxd resoxtrces, dif- ficult, impassable. 25. α•7Γ0-<ΓΚίδάννϋμι, to scatter abroad. άτΓΟ-σ-πάω, to draw off, withdraxu. απ"ο-<ΓΤ€'λλω, to send away. Apos- tie. airo-cTTcpe'w, to rob, defraud. 27. ατΓο-σ-τρί'φω, to turn back, ixiduce to return. Apostrophe. άίΓΟ-σϋλοίω (σν/ιάω, συλήσω, etc. to strq^ off"), to rob. αίΓΟ-σ-φάττω, to slay. άτΓΟ-σ-ώζω, to lead back in safety. άπ•ο-Τ€ΐχίζω {τείχίζω, stem ret χα)- ^ τειχιώ, ίτείχισα, τετείχικα, IV., to xvall, from τείχος), to wall off, to build a xvall to cut an army off. ά•ΐΓ0-τ€'μνω, to cut off. άτΓο-τίθημι, to pxit away, store vp. άτΓο-τίνω [τίνω, stem τι-, τίσω, ετίσα, τέτίκα, -τέτισμαι, -ετ'ισβην, V., to pay), to pay back; mid. to lake vengeaxice on. άττο-τρίττω, to turn ("^or back. άίΓο-τυγχάνω, to fail to hit, to fail. άπο-ψαίνω, to show off; mid. to appear, display, declare. ά•π•ο-φ€υγω, to flee axoaxj, escape. ά7Γ0-χωρ€ω, to go back, retreat. άπρο<Γβατο$ 226 («ΓτρατΓτω ά-Ίτροίτ-βατο?, ον [βαίνω), inacces- sible. άΐΓτω {αφ-), άψω, ήψα, ημμαι, ήψθ}μ\ Ί\1., to fasten, kindle; mid. to fasten ones self to, touch, g. 40. όίρα, post-posit, particle of infer- ence, therefore, accordingly. άρα, an interrog. particle, ξ 282, 2. 'Αραβία, ας, Arabia. ap-yo's, όι^ {a-, έργον), without work, idle. 42. |άργυρ£θ5, «, ov, ξ 65, of silver, silver. Ιάργυριον, τό, α piece of silver, jnoney. 9. άργυρο?, ό (αργός, white), silver. άρε<Γκω (άρε-), αρέσω, ιφεσα, ηρε- αβι/ν, VI., to jDlease, satisfy, d. άρετη, ής, goodness, virtue, cour- age. 39. "Αρηε, εος, ό, acc. Άρη or Άρην, Arcs, the god of war. 'Apiaios, 0, Ariaeus, commander of the barbarian troops of Cyrus tlie Younger. Ιάριθμεω, αριθμήσω, etc., to estimate, count, number. Arithmetic. αριθμός, ό, number, numbering, ex- tent. Άρίαττ-αρχος, ό, Aristarchus. dpicrraw, ΰριστήσω, etc. (άριστον), to breakfast. 40. ΆρκΓτείδη?, ov, Aristldes. apicTTOv, TO [fipi, early), breakfast. apwTTOs, 7], ov, best, bravest. See aydtloc. Aristo-crat. 'Αρκάς, άι^ος, ο, an Arcadian. άρκέ'ω, αρκέσω, ί/ρκεσα, to suffice, D. άρκτος, >'/, a bear. Arctic. άρμα, ατός, τό, a two-wheeled war- chariot, a chariot. |άρμ-ά;χαξα, ye, a covered carriage. 'Αρμένιος, a, ov, Armenian. άρμο'ττω (άρμοό-), αρμόσω, etc., to fit together; intrans. to be fit or good for. taporpov, τό, a ijlougli. άρο'ω, ήροσα, ηρόθην, to j^lough. fapira^r, ής, jnllaging, plunder. αρπάζω (άρπαό-), άρπάσο) and άρττά• σομαι, etc., IV., to snatch up, seize, carry off, pillage, plunder, tear. Rob. άρρην or άρσην, άρρεν, male. 'Αρταξέρξης, ov, Artaxerxes, esp. Artaxerxes II., son of Darius II. and brother of Cyrus the Younger. Άρταττάτης, ov, Artapates, a per- sonal attendant of Cyrus theYounger. "Αρτεμις, >.όος, ή, Artemis, identi- fied by the Romans with Diana. άρτος, ό, bread. Ιάρχαΐος, ά, ov, original, old; rb αρχαιον^ formerly. Archaic. Ιάρχη, νζ, beginning, command^ rule, province, empire, realm. 13. Ιάρχικος, f'/, ov, fit to command. άρχω, αρξω, ήρξα, ήρχα, ήργμαι, νρχθην, to be first; in point of time, to begin (comm. mid. in this sense) ; in point of station, to command, govern, rule, G. 15. Arch-, -arch. Ιάρχων, οντος, 6, a commander, part, of preceding ; for voc. sing., see | 48, 2 b. 16. ά-σ-ε'βεια, ας [α-σεβής, impious, σέ- βομαι, to revere).! impiety. |ά-σθενε'ω, ασθενήσω, to be feeble or sick. ά-σθενη'ς, ές [σθένος, strength), weak, ά-σ•ινώς, s. άσινέστατα {ci -σινής, harmless, σίνομαι, to harm), without depredation. , ά-σ-ϊτος, ov, without eating. σσ-κε'ω, ασκήσω, ίο 2)ractise, culti- vate. |ά<ΓκητεΌς, α, ov, to be practised. άσ-κο'ς, ό, a leatherii bag. άσ-μενος, //, ov (ήόομαι), well pleased, glad. άοΓ-ιτίς, U^or, ή, a shield. 23- άσ-τράΐΓτω [coTpa-:?-), ί,-στραψα, III., to lighten, gleam. CMTTpOV 227 βάλανος άστρον, "ό, α 8ΤΑπ ; comm. ρ1. the STARS. Astro-nomy, astro-logy. όί(Γτυ, εος, ro, | 53, 1, α city. See τζό/.ις. *Α<Γτυ-άγη§, f of, ό, Asfyages, grand- father of Cyrus the Elder. ΙάΓίΓφοίλίκι, ας, safety. ά-σφαλη'δ, ες (σ^άλΖω), not liable to be tripped up, firm, safe. 30. άσφαλτο?, ή, bitumen, asphalt. ά-(ΓφαΛ.ώς (άσφα?.ής), with or in safety, safely. 23. ά-τακτο5, ov (τάττω), in disorder. ά-ταξία, ας (τάττω), want of disci- pline. fa-TcXcia, ας, exemption; α7.'λη τις ατέλεια, exemption from some other service. ά-Τ€λη5, ες (τέΤίος), unfinished, ex- empt from service. άτερ, improper prep. w. G., without. |ά-τϊμάζω (ατίμαδ-), άτΙμάσω, etc., ΙΛ^., to dishonor, disgrace. 33. ά-τϊμος, ov (τιμή), dishonored, with- out honor. ατμίξω {ατμιδ-), άτμίσω, IV. {ατμός, vapor), to steam. a-TOiros, ov, out of place, absurd. ά-τυχη5, ες (τνχη), unfortunate. αυ, again, moreover, on the other hand. αύλ£ω, av/J /σω (αυλός, a fiute), to p)lay the fiute. αΰ'ριον, to-morrow. αύτ-άρκης, ες (α\)τός, αρκέω), suf- ficient in one's self, independent. αυτή, ανται, see οντος. favTiKa, at the very instant, at once. favTO-KeXivoTOS, ov (κε/χνω), self- bidden, of ones own accord. Ιαντο-μολί'ω, αντομο/.ήσω (from a stern μολ-, go), to desert. avrds, Vt ό, self, ^ 79, 1, f. 1 ; him, her, it, i§ 79, 1 ; tlie same, ^ 79, 2. Auto-. javrov, here, there. αυτού, pee έ-αντον. αύτο-χθων, ov (αντός, χθων), sprung from the land itself. άφ', see ά~ό. άφ -aipcw, to take away; mid. to rob, dcpjrive. ά-φανη?, ες (φαίνω), unseen, out of sight, little known. 24. |ά-φανίζω (άφανίδ-), ά(^ανΐ('.), IV., to make unseen, destroy, annihilate. άφη, ης (άητομαή, the sense of touch. ά-φθονία, ας (α-ψβονος, ungrudging, (ρβόνος), abundance. άφ-ίημι, to send away, back, or off, to set free, let loose or go. άφ-ικνεομαΐ| to come from some place, arrive. άφ-ΐΊΠΓίυω (Ιπττενω, 'ητ-είσω, to ride, fr. Ι-ττενς), to ride off or back. άφ-ίσ-τημι, to remove; mid. w. 2 a. act., to revolt. Apostate. ά-φρων, ov (φρήν), senseless. ά-φυλακτο9« ov (όνλάττω), un- guo.rded. 34. ta-xapwrrid, ας, thanklessness. ά-χάριστο5, ov (χαρίζομαι), th'fv-), γενησομαι, γεγένη- μαι, 2 ρ. γέγονα, am, 2 a. εγενόμην, VIII., to be born, become, be, occur, come out, prove one's self, arise, ac- crue, get. 45. γιγνωσ-κω (yvo-), γνώσομαι, έγνωκα, έγνωσμαι, εγνωσΟην, 2 a. έ}'νων, λ^Ι., to perceive, know. 51. Can. γλαΰ|, κός, ή (γ?.ανκός, gleaming), the ovjl, so called from its glaring eyes. γλυκιίς, εϊα, ν, sweet. γλώσ-σα, ης, the tongue. Glossary. γνώμη, 7/ζ• (γιγνώσκω, st. γ^'ο-), judgment, piirj^ose, opinion, knowl- edge. 42. Gnomic. γονετίς, έως, ό (γεν-), a father ; pi. parents. γο'νυ, ατός, τό, the knee. 50. γράμμα, ατός, τό (γράφω), α letter; ρ1. letters, literature. Grammar. γραΰς, γρΰός, ή, ^ 54, an old woman. γράψω, γράιρω, etc., w. 2 a. p. έγρά~ ψην, to GRAVE, write, compose. 2. Graphic. Ιγυμνάζω (γνμνα()-), γυμνάσω, IV., to exercise. 40. Gymnastic. Ιγυμνήςι ν'ος, ό, or γυμνήτης, ov, light armed; as noun, a light-armed soldier. γυμνός, ή, όν, naked, lightly clad. γννή, γυναικός, γνναικί, γυναίκα, γϋναι, etc., y (γεν-), a woman, wife. Miso-gynist. γνψ, γνπός, ό, a vulture. Δ. δαίμων, όνος, ό, ή, α god, destiny^ fortune. δάκρυ, υος, τό, α tear. |δάκρυον, τό, α tear. |δακρΰω, δακρύσω, εδάκρνσα, όεδά- κρνμαι, to weep. f δαπανάω, δαπανήσω, etc., to ex- pend. 39. δα-π-άνη, νς, expense. Ιδαρεικος, ό, α daric, a Persian gold coin containing about 125.5 grains of gold, and worth, therefore, about $5.40, A daric was worth 20 Attic drachmae. Δαρ£Ϊος 230 διαγγ€'λλω AdpetoS) ό, Darius, the name of several kings of Persia, in particu- lar Darius II., father of Cyrus the Younger. δαοτμος, ό [ύηίομαι, to divide), an vnpost, tribute, tax. 7. Se, a post-posit, conj., but, and; καΐ.,.όέ, but (^6 1) further (και). Se'Sia, δίδοικα, see έδεισα. Set, Sc't), see δέω, to want. δ€ίδω, Epic, see έδεισα. δείκνϋμι (δεικ-), δείξω, έδειξα, δέ- δειχα, δέδειγμαι, έδείχθην, 2, to shoiv, exhibit, iwrtray. Teach. δείλη, v^, afternoon, evening. δεινο5) Vi 01^ (δείδω), fearful, mighty, skilful; δεινόν, τό, danger, i^eril. 4δ€ΐνώς, terribly. ΙδίΜτνίω, δειπντ/σω, εδείττνησα, δε- δείην7]κα, to dine. δεϊττνον, τό, dinner, the second of the two regular meals of the day. δ€κα, TEN. Decade. Δελφοί, ών, Delphi, the seat of the famous oracle of Apollo in Phocis. δ^νδρον, TO, or δενδρος, τό, a tree. 53. δεξιός, G, όν, right, on the right Uand ; η δεξιά, sc. χε'φ, the right hand, often given and taken in making a treaty ; εν δεξιά, on the right hand; το δεξιόν, sc. κέρας or μέμος, the right wing; so τα δεξιά, the right. 33. Ac'l-iiriros, ό, Dexipjnis. δε'ρμα, ατός, τό {δέρω, to shin), the skin, hide. Epi-dermis. δεσμο9, ό (δέω, to bind), band, strap. δεσ-ΊΓοτηδ, ου, voc. δέσποτα, a mas- ter, despot. δενρο, hither. δεντερος, «, ov (δνο), the second; δεύτερον or to δεύτερον, a second time. Deutero-nomy. δέχομαι, δέξομαι, etc., take, accept, receive, await the attack of. 28. δε'ω, δ/'/σο), έδησα, δέδεκα, δέδεμαι, έδέ(Ι?ιν, to bind. ζο. Dia-dem. δε'ω, δεήαο), εδέησα, δεδέηκα, δεδέη- μαι, έδεί/βην, to want; δε'ι, impers., there is need of, it is necessary, one must or ought ; mid. to stand in need of, want, beg, g. δη, post-posit, intens. or infer, par- ticle, accordingly, so, then, now. δήλος, η, ov, clear, evident. |δηλο'ω, διΡ-ωσω, etc., to nno.ke clear, relate. 18, δημ-αγωγο'ς, ό {δήμος, άγω), a demagogue. Δημήτηρ, Αήμητρος, ή, ^ 57, 3, Demeter, the Roman Ceres. Ιδημο-κρατίά, Cr (κράτος), a de- mocracy. δήμος, ό, the j^coplc. δηο'ω, δψ'ύσω^ έδήωσα, έδηωβην (δί/ίος^ hostile, from δαίω, to kindle), to rav- age, lay waste. Δία, see Ζενς. δια, prep., through. (1) AVith g., of place, time, and means ; δια φΰίης Ίέναι, to he in friendship (with one). (2) With Α., on account of, through the agency of by reason of In comp., through, apart. Dia-. δια-βαίνω, to go through or across, to cross. δια-β(ίλλω, to attack one's charac- ter, to accuse falsely, slander. Dia- bolic. διά-βασ-ις, f^f, ή (δια-βαίνω), a 2')lace of crossing, ford, ferry, bridge. δια-βατε'ος, d, ov (δια-βαίνω), to be crossed. δια-βατο'ς, ή, όν (δια-βαίνω), ford- able. δια-βιβάζω, to carry or lead across, transport. δια-βολή, ής (δια-βάλλω), slander. δι-αγγε'λλω, to report, announce; mid. to pass the word to one another. διαδίδωμι 231 δοκιμ(ίζω δια-δίδωμι, to distribute. δια-θΰάομαι, to examine, observe, consider. δίαιτα, ης, mode of life. διά-κ€ΐμαι., to be disposed. δι-6ικοοΓΐοι, ai, a {δις, twice, εκατόν), two hundred. δια-λεγομαι, to converse, D. Dia- logue. δι-αλλάττω, to interchange, change enmity for friendship, reconcile. δια-λΰω, to put an end to. δια-ΊΓολεμεω, to fight it out. δια-7Γορ€υω, to carry across; mid. to march through. δια-ττρα,ττω, to work out, accom- plish. δι-αρττάζω, to tear apart, plunder. δια-σ-ημαίνω, to signify, mahe known. Sia-(nrcui), to draw apart, separate. δια-στΓίίρω, to scatter abroad ; mid. to scatter, intrans. 43. δια-σ-ώζω, to keep safe through, bring safe. δια-τ€λ€ω, to continue. δια-τίθημι, to dis-pose, manage, treat; mid. to sell. δία-τρεψω, to sustain. δια-τρίβω, to wear away, waste, delay. 22. ^^ια-^^ρόντω^ί pre-eminently. 29. δια-ψερω, to differ, contend, fight, be different from, G. δια-ψθείρω (φθείρω, stem φ^^ερ-, ψβερώ, έφθειρα, έψθαρκα, εφθαρμαι, 2 ρ. έφθορα, 2 a. j). εψθάρην, IV., to de- stroy), to de-uroy viterly. δια-φυλάττω, to preserve, defend. |διδάτκαλο8, ό, a teacher. διδάσ-κω {βιόαχ-), διδάξω, etc., VI., to hyj^li. 53. Didactic. δίδημι, 1, to bind. See δέω. δίδωμι (δα-), δύσω, έδωκα, δέδωκα, δέ- έυμαι, εδόθην, 1, to give, grant. Dose. δι-€λαννω, to ride through. δι,-€ρωτάω, to cross-question. δι-6χω, to stand or be apart, g. δι-ηγί'ομαι, to describe in full, dis- course. δι-ί<Γτημι, to separate; mid. w. pf. and 2 a. act., to stand apart. ίδικοίξω [δίκαδ), δικάσω, έδίκασα, δε- δίκασμαι, εδίκάσβην, IV., to judge. |δίκαιθ5, (i, ον, just, right; το δί- καιον, justice, pi. rights. 53. +δικαιοσννη, νζ, justice, upright- ness. ίδικαίωδ, justly. ;{:δικα<Γτη5, οϋ, a judge. δίκη, ης, Hght, justice, penalty, a lawsuit; όίκην διδόναι, to pay the penalty, suffer punishment ; της δίκης τνχείν, to get one's deserts. 50. Διο-γ€νη5, εος, ους, ό, Diogenes. Διονϋσο5| ό, Dionysus, one of the names of Bacchus. Aio's, see Ζενς. TuES-day. δισ--χίλιοι, ai, a {δις, twice, xPuoi), two thousand. διφθέρα, ΰς, a tanned hide. Diph- theria. δίχα {δις, twice), in two, apart. δίψα, ης, thirst. |διψοίω, διψήσω, εδίψησα, | 98, Ν. 2, to thirst, be thirsty. [διωκτε'ο?, α, ον, to be pursued. διώκω, διώξω or διώξομαι, έδιωξα, δεδ^ωχα, έδιώχθην {δίω, to fiee), ίο pursue, chase, prosecute. 28. |δίω|ΐ5, εως, η, pursuit. δοθήναι, δοίην, see δίδωμι. δοκεω {δοκ-), δόξω, έδοξα, δέδογμαι, εδόχθην (rare), VII., to think; intr. to seem, seem good, be thought best, be voted, D. 42. δοκιμάζω {δοκιμαδ-), δοκιμάσω, δε- δυκίμασιιαι, έδυκιμάσθην, IV. {δόκιμος, accepted after proof δέχομαι), to prove, exainine 8οξα 232 4'δοξα δόξα, νς {δοκεω), opinion, reputa- tion, glory. Ortho-dox. δοξά5, δοξω, see δοκεω. δορκά$, άόος, ή {δέρκομαι, to look), a f/azelle. δόρυ, δόρατος, τό, the trunk of a tree, a spear-shaft, a spear. tδoυλ€£d, ας, slavery. Ιδουλδυω, δονλενσω, to he a slave, serve. δοΰλθ8, ό, a slave. 13. ^δουλο'ω, δον?ιώσω, etc., to enslave. δούναι, δου5) see δίδωμι. δράμα, ατός, τό (^δράω, to do), a drama. δράμοιμι, δραμοΰμαι, see τρέχω. δΰναμαι, δννήσομαι, δεδννημαι, έδν- νήΟί/ν, ^ 100, Ν. 2, to be able, strong enough; ol μέγιστα δυνάμενοι, the most powerful. 49. |δυναμΐ5, εως, τ), power, ability, a war-force, forces, troops. 21. Dy- namic. |δυνατο3, V, όν, powerful, possible, practicable. δΰνω {δυ-), 2 a. έδϋν, V., to enter, set. See δυο. δυο, § 77, 1, TWO. Dual. Svs-, an inseparable prefix, § 131, 4 b, ill. δυ<Γ-εξ-€υρ€το?, ov [ευρίσκω), hard to find out. δυ'<Γΐ$, fwc, ή (δνω), the setting of the sun. δυ'ίΓ-κολθ5, ov [κόλον, food), hard to satisfy, discontented ; harassing, hard. δυσ-μη, 7/c [δνω), comm. pi. the set- ting of the iiun. 54. δυ(Γ-'π•ορ€υτο8, «ν [τορενω), hard to pass. δυοΓ-τυχη5, ίς (τί'χτή, unfortunate. ΐδυσ-τυχίά, Γ:ς, misfortune. δυω, δρσω, έδυσα, δέδνκα, δέδνμαι, εδί'βην, to cause to enter, sink, trans. ; mid., w. p. act., to siJik, set. See δννω. δω, see δίδωμι. δϋ>-δ£κα [δυο, δέκα), twelve. δώρον, τό (δίδωμι), α gift, present^ bribe, η. δαχτω, see δίδωμι. Έ. (άλωκα, Ιοίλων, see αλίσκομαι. εάν (ει, αν), conj., followed by the subj^., f. Ιίάν-ΊΓδρ, if indeed or only. €-αυτοΰ, ης, | 80, w. N., of himself, herself, itself ; o't εαυτού, his own (men), τα εαυτών, their own {affairs). ίάω, έάσω, εΐασα, εΐάκα, εΐαμαι, εΐα- βην, to αΙΙοιυ, permit, let go or alone. 20. lyyvs, c. and s. έγ^'ντερον, εγγύτα- τα, or εγγντέρω, έγγντάτω, near ; sup. w. art., the nearest. Ιγείρω (έγερ-), έγερώ, ήγειρα, έγή- γερμαι, ηγέρθην, 2 ρ. έγρήγορα, IV., to wake, stir up, raise, erect ; 2 p. to be awake. ΐ€γ-κράτ€ΐα, ας, self-control. €γ-κρατη8, ές (κράτος), in power over, self-controlled, in possession of. ίγ-κρυτΓτω, to bury. εγνωκα, see γιγνώσκω. (χείρ), to intrust. εγ-χαίριοδ, « or ος, ov (χώρα), in or belonging to the country. ί'γώ, § 79, 1, and ^ 144, 1, w. n., I. Egoist. Ιέ'γωγί, I for my part, I certainly. έδεκτα (δι-, δει-), δέδοικα, 2 p. δέδια, ι 100, 3, Ν. 2, and Ι 125, 4, each ρ. in pres. sense, to fear, be afraid. εδηδοκα, see έσΟίω. Eat. ΐ'δοξα, see δοκέω. (δοσ-αν 200 ίΚΊτίνω ίδοσ-αν, pee δίί^μι. έ'δραμον, see τρέχω. 4'δωκα, see όίδωμο. ΐ€θ£λοντη5, οϋ, α volunteer; as adj. ivilling. (θέλω, sometimes θ(λω, εθελήσω, ηθέλ?ίσα, ήθέληκα, to be willing, wish, desire. 2. ΙΟίζω (εθίό-), εθίσω, είθισα, είθικα, εΐβισμαι, είθίσθην, IV. (εΟος), to ac- custom. έ'θνοξ, τό, α nation. Ethno-graphy. c0os, ~ό, custom; pi. manners. ίΐ, conj., if; el μή, unless; ε\ γάρ or είθε, § 251, vjould that ; as an inter, part., ^ 282, 4, whether. eCdcra, see εάω. (Ιδέ'ναι, see οίδα. 6Ϊδον, see όράω. είδώ, είδώς, see υΐδα. €Ϊη, see ειμί. €Ϊ-θ6, see ει. εΐκάξω (είκαδ-), εικάσω, etc., IV., to make like, liken, suppose, conjec- ture. ίϊκοσι, twenty. είκοτως {εοικά), xoith good reason. etXov, άλομην, see α'φέω. ίΐμί (έσ-), έσομαι, imperf. ήν, ^ 127, Ι., to be; εστίν, it is possible. Am. €Ϊμι (ί-), imperf. ηειν or ?/«, ^ 127, II., and | 200, n. 3 b, to go. tltrov {εττ- for Ρεττ, έρ-), ερώ, είπα, είρηκα, είρημαι, ερρήβην, Λ^ΙΙΙ., to speak, say, advise, order. 48. €l'-ir£p, if in fact. ίϊργω, ε'ιρξω, ε'Ίρξα, είργμαι, ε'ίρχβην, to hem, in. ίΐ'ρηκα, 6Ϊρημαι, see ειττον. ειρήνη, ης, peace. 23. CIS, prep. w. ace, into, to, among, till, for, about, up to, on, of place, time, number and measure, and pur- pose or reference ; originally (as opposed to εκ), to {a place) within. In comp., into, in, to. 3. els, μία, εν, § 77, 1, one; Kaff ένα, one by one, singly. (Ισ--β(ίλλω, throw one's self into, enter. Iilcr -βολη, νς, an entrance, pass. είσ-δυομαι, to enter into. €'ίσ--€ΐμι (εΙμι), to go into or in. ε'ίσ-ω (ε'ις), ivithin. είτα, then, thereupon, next. εΐχον, see έχω. εκ or έξ, ^ 13, 2, prep. w. G.,from, out of, by (of the agent), of place, time, and origin ; originally (as op- posed to ano),from witldn; εκ καίδων, from boyhood. In comp., out, from, away, off. 3. 6κα<ΓΤ05, η, ov, each, every, of a number ; pi. several, respective, all. |ε'κά<Γτοτε, each time. €'κάτ€ρο5, a, ov, each, of two. Ιεκατε'ρωθεν, on both sides. 4€κατερωσ€, in both directions. ε'κατο'ν, a hundred. Hecatom-b. ε'κ-βάλλω, to cast out, bamish. εκ-βασ -is, εως, ή (βαίνω), outlet, pass. 25. 4'κ-γονο5, ov (γεν-), born from ; ol έκγονοι, the descendants; τά έκγονα, the young of animals. εκ-δε'ρω {δέρω, δερώ, έδειρα, δίδαρ- μαι, 2 a. ρ. έδήρην, to fay), to fay. εκ-δίδωμι, to give vp. ε'κεί, there. Ιεκεΐθεν, thence, from that place. |ε'κεινο5, V, ", dem. pron., ^ 83, that. εκ-καλυτΓτω, to uncover. ε'κ-κλησία, ας (καλέω), an assembly called by the crier. 10. Ecclesiastic. ε'κ-κλτνω (κλίνω, stem κΐιν-, κ'/.ηώ, έκ/ΰνα, κέκ/Λμαι, έκ}ύΟην, 2 a. ρ. έκΛί» ντμ), 1Υ., to bend), to give way. 41. ε'κ-λε'-γω, to select. Eclectic. εκ-ΊΓΐνω, to drink up. ίκιτίτιτω 234 €νην Ικ-ΊπΊττω, to fall Old, be banished or exiled. cK-irXaYCi's, see εκ-πλήττω. Ικ-τΐΧέω, to sail away. €Κ-•π•ληττω, to strike out of one's senses, terrify. 47. €κ-ΐΓθ5ών (πους), out of the way. €Κ-•ΐΓορ€υομαι, to march out. CK-irpcinis, k (ττρέπω), distin- guished. €Κ-τίθημι, to expose. €Κ-φαιΙνω, to show forth, proclaim. £Κ-ψ£υγω, to fee from, escajje. cKcdV, ονσα, όν, § 66, Ν. 1, willing, of one s own accord. 4'λαιον, TO, olive-oil, oil. βλάττων, ov, see μικρός and ολίγος. Ιλαννω (έλα-), έλώ, ηλασα, ελή'/χικα, ελήλαμαι, ηλάθην. Υ., to drive, ride, march, of the commander, both trans, and intr. See πορεύομαι. 2. Elastic. ΙΙλάφίΐοδ, «, ov, of a deer. 4'λαφθ5, ό, ή, a deer, stag. lKiy\ αντος, 6, the elephant. (λ9£ΐν, έ'λθοιμι, €λθω, ΙΚΘών, see έρχομαι. t'EWas, άόος, ή, Greece. Έλλην, ηί'ος, ό, IIcllen,son of Deu- calion ; then, a Greek, used also adj. |Έλληνικο8, V, όν, Greek, Grecian ,• τυ Έ?>./ιηνικόν (sc. στράτευμα), the Greek force. Hellenic. Ιίλληνικώ?, in Greek. Ιίλττίζω (tATTiJ-), η?.πισα, ήλττίσβι/ν, Ιλ'., to hope. IktrLsf Ίδυς, ή, § 50, I., hope. 6μ-αυτοΰ, ής, ^ 80, w. Nt, of myself . 6μ-βαίνω, to go into or on board, embark, followed by εΙς. €μ-β({\λω, to throw in ; to inflict ; empty ; reflex., with ε'ις, to invade. Emblem. Ιμ-βάς, εμ-βάντεδι see εμ-βαίνω. €μ-βιβάζω, to make embark, put on board. Ιμί, see εγώ. Me. €μ€ΐνα, see μένω. €μ-μ€νω, ίο remain in. €μοί, see εγώ. 6μο5, ή, όν (εγώ), g 82, 7ny, mine. €μοΰ, see εγώ. €μ-ΐΓ£ίρω9 {πείρα, trial, acquaint- ance), in acquaintance with. Ιμ-ττίΐΓτω, to fall into, occur to, D. (μ-ποιεω, to impress upon, inspire in, D. A. Ιεμ-ΊΓορεΰομαι, to go to, travel on business, engage in traffic. f ί'μ-νο'ριον, TO, a mart, emporium. €μ-•7Γορο8, ό, one on a journey, a merchant. έ'μ-ττροσθίν, in front; ό εμπροσϋεν, the preceding. €μ-ψανί'^ω (εμφανιδ-), έμψανιώ, IV, (φαίνω), to show forth, show. εν, prep. w. D., in, on, at, among, of place and time. In comp., in, on,at. |εν-αντιοομαι, έναντιώσομαι, τ/ναντί- ωμαι, ηναντιώθην, to withstand, D. cV-avTt'os, ά, ov (αντί), opposite, op- posed to, in one's face. € ν-άτΓτω, to bind on, set on fire. ε*ν-δεη5, ές (δέω), in want. εν-δέίκνϋμι, to mark out, in-dicate, cxj>rcss. ένδον (εν), within. cv -δΰνω, to put on. εν-€ΐμι (^ίμΐ-), to be in, D. ένεκα, improper prep. w. G., on ao count of. έν-εχείρισα, see εγ-χειρίζω. cv -ήν, see έν-ειμι. 4'νθα 235 €νθα (εν), there, here, where, there- upon, then. 4€νθά-δ€, here, hither. |€V0a-ir€p, JKst where. ('ν-θΐίην, (ν-θ€μ(νος, see εν-τίβημι. €V0€v (ίί'), thence, hence, whence. \.lvBtv-he,Jro7n this very place, hence. 4'v-6€OS) ov, inspired. €ν-θϋμ€ομαι, ενβνμήαημαι, etc., W. a. pass, {θνμός), to have in mind, re- flect. 29. jev -θΰμημα, ατός, τό, a thought, plan. €viavTos, 0, a year. ivi-OT€, ^ 152, N. 2, sometimes. £ν-νο€ω, often dep. w. a. pass., to have in mind, be apprehensive. |4'v-voia, ας, a thought, reflection. ev-opoio), to see in a person or thing. cvo's, €vC, see ε}ς. ev -τάττω, to enroll. tvravQa {εν), here, there, ihe%kere- "tipon, thereupon. €V-T€iW, to stretch tight or upon, string α how, inflict upon, A. D. cv-TcXtis, ες (τέλος), at the end, com- plete, full. |6V-TeX(3s, completely. IvTtvQiv {εν), from here or there, hereupon. cv -τίθημι, to put or inspire in, A. D. Ιν-τολη, ης {έν-τέ/,?Μ, to put upon, command, τέλλω, to raise), a com- mand. cvTo's {εν), within. cv -τυγχάνω, to fall in vdth, D. 4|, prep., see εκ. 4'|, SIX. 6ξ-αΎΎ€λλω, to tell out, report, €|-άγω, to lead out, induce. 6|-αιτ€ω, ίο demand from; mid. to beg off. Ι^ξ-αττατάω, to deceive grossly, de- ceive. 34. ίξ-αττάτη, ης, imposition. €|-α•ΐΓίνη? or €ξ-α(ψνη$ {άφνω, un• av:arcs), of a sudden, suddenly. €'ξ-€ΐμι {ειμί), to be out of restraint, only iraper., εξεστι, εξέσται, etc., it is in one's power, possible, one may ; pt. εξόν used absoL, ^ 278, 2, when it is or was in ones power, when one may or might. €ξ-€ΐμι {εΙμή, to go out, empty, as a river. €ξ-€λαυνω, to expel; intr. to ride out, march forth, on, or away, to ad- vance. €ξ-€ρΎ(ίζομαι, to work out, accom- plish. έξ-ερχομαι, to come out. £'ξ-€<Γτι, €ξ-£σ-ται, it is, will be, pos- sible, see έξ-ειμι. 6ξ-€τάζω {εξεταδ-), εξετάσω, etc. {έτεός, real), to examiyie, scruti- nize. je|-€TCMris, εως, ή, an inspection, re• vievj. 21. «ξηκοντα {εξ), sixty. ί'ϊ-η'χθην, see εξ-άγω. €ξ-ικν€Όμαι, to come out to, to reach. €ξ-ον, see έξ-ειμί. Ιξ-ΟΊτλίζω, arm completely. €ξ-ορμοίω, to urge forth; intr. to set out. έ'ξω {εκ), without, outside, abroad, beyond, beyond the reach of. Exotic. coiKa (ίκ-), 2 p., related to εικάζω q. v., to be like or flt, d. ; έοικε, impers., it seems. ίΐΓ-άγω, to bring to, on, or upon. έ'ίΓαθον, see πάσχω. tcir-aiviTo's, ή, όν, praiseworthy. tex -αινί'ω, to approve, praise, com- mend. 42. «TT-aivos, 0, praise. €ir-aiTU)s, ov, blamed for a thing ; επαιτών, a ground of accusation. tlirav, or ein|v {έπεί, αν), conj. w. subj., whenever, as soon as. imi 236 €'π•ισ•Κ€•π•τομαι cirei (fTT'). con]., when, since. JeireiS-av (av), conj. w. subj., ivhen indeed, ■whenever, when. ieirii -δη, conj., when noiv, when. έ'-τΓ-^μι {'ψί-), to he upon or over. έ'ιτ-ίίμι (fi/"). ^'^ 9^ or co??ie upon, to come on, attack, make an attack, D. ; ή εττιονσα νμέρα^ the next day; so 7] εττωνσα νυξ. 4'ir-€tTa, thereupon, thereafter; ό έπειτα χρόνος, the coming time. ΙτΓ-ερωτάω, to put a question to, to ask again. Ι-τΓ-ίχω, to hold upon the place ΛνΙΐθΓβ one is, delay. Epocli. ίττην, see ίπαν. itr-riv, see έπ-ειμι. ΙτΓ-ηρομην, see επερωτάω. Itri, prep., on, upon. (1) With G., on, upon, towards, in the time of, of place and time ; επί τεττάρων, four deep. (2) With d., upon, over, for, at, near, in addition to, on account of in the power of, of place, time, and various other relations ; επΙ γάμω, in marriage ; εφ" d, on condition that, I 267. (3) With Α., originally up to, and then, to, towards, for, against ; επΙ λείav,for or to obtain booty. In comp., upon, over, after, toward, to, for, at, against, besides, and some- times simply intens. Ep-, epi-. Ιειτι-βουλίυω, to plan ox plot against, to plot, D. eiri -βουλη, ης, a plot. fcTri -γίγνομαι, to come ujion, arise. €'π•ι-δ€ίκνϋμι, to exhibit, show, point out. €πι-δί8ωμι, to give besides, yield more, intr. increase. (ΊΓΐ-θΰμεω, επιθυμήσω, επεθϋμησα, επιτεθόμηκα (θυμός), to set one's heart on, desire, G. 38. |€τη-θϋμίά, ΰς, desire. €ΐΓΐκουρημα, ατός, ro {επίκονρίω, to aid; επίκουρος, helping), a protection, relief. €ΤΓΐ-κουφίζω [κονόίζω, stem kov^u^-, κουφίώ, έκονφίσα, IV., to lighten, ιωνφος, light), to lighten. €•π•ι-κρατ6ω, to rule over, be victo- rious. ίΐΓΐ-κρΰτΓτω, to throw a covering over; mid. to conceal one's self, and so the pt., secretly. εΐΓΐ-κυπτω {κνπτω, stem κνή»-, κΌ-φω and κί'ψομαι, έκϋφα, 2 p. κέκνφα, III., to bend forward), to bend to or over, intr. €πι-κϋροω {κνρόω, κυρώσω, etc., to confirm, κνρος, authority), to confirm, ratify, vote. 38. eiTi -λανθάνομαι, to forget, G. €ΐη-λ€γω, to say besides or also. Epilogue. ίττι-λείττω, to leave behind; of things, to fail. έΐΓΐ-μελεομαι and έπι-μελομαι, επι- μελήσομαι, etc., w. a. pass, [μέλω), to care for, look out for, give attention to, observe or watch carefully, g. 36. (Ίτι-μβλης, ες (/^ελω), careful, vigi- lant. ^Ιιτι-μίλώδ, with care. |€'ΤΓΐ-ορκεω, επιορκήσω, επιωρκησα, ίπίώρκηκα, to swear falsely, forswear one's self. 44. teiri-opKid, άς, perjury. €πί-ορκος, ov (όρκος), against ones oath, pc7Jtircd. εΐΓΐ-τΓΐΙΐΓτω, to fall upon. Iiri-irovos, ov, for toil, toilsome, la- borious. 23. €ΐΓΐ-(ΓΪτισ•μο5, ό {επί-σίτίζομαι, to furnish ones self iviih food, σίτος), provisioning, obtaining provisions, a supply of jjrovisions. ίττι-σ-κ^Ίττομαι, a pres. not used in good Att., furnishing the rest of its tenses to sq. I ίΐΓΚΓΚΟΊΓίω 0*7 237 €<Γτως «ΊΓΐ-σκοττεω, ίο look at, inspect, consider ; hence, to ascertain. €•π•ί(Γταμαι, ετηστηαομαί^ ηιηστί/βηι\ 1, to know hoio, know, understand. 49. |€ΐΓΐστημη, ης, knowledge. €ΐΓΐ-<Γτολη, ής {έττι-στέλ^Μ, to send to), a letter, epistle. 3. €ΐΓΐ-σ-τρατ€υω, to make an expedi- tion ayainst, d. ίΤΓΐ-σ-φαλήβ, ες (σ^ά/,λω), prone to fall, unsteaely, dangerous. ίΤΓΐ-ίτφάττω and έπι-ο-ψάξω, to slay upon. €ΤΓΐ-τ€λ€'ω, to bring to an end, ac- complii-Jt. ί•ΐΓΐτηδ£ΐ05, (i, ov {επίτηδες, for a purpose), suitable, proper; τα επι- τήδεια or simply επιτήδεια, pro- visions. 29. €'ΐΓΐτηδ€ΰω, ίπιτηδενσω (επίτηδες, on purpose, advisedly), to pursue, devote ones self to. 6ΐΓΐ-τίθημι, to put upon, inflict, as punishment; mid. to put one's self upon, attack, d. Epithet. ίΤΓΐ-τρί'ίΓω, to turn over to, intrust, •permit, a. d. (Ίτι-φαίνω, to show forth ; mid. to appear, d. 6ΐΓΐ-\£ΐρ€ω, επιχειρήσω, επεχείρησα, επικεχείρηκα (χείρ), to j^ut hand to, try, attempt. 10. €'πα-ψηφι'ζω, to put to vote. «Ίτληγην, see π7.ήττω. δίΓ-οικοδομεω, to build upon. έ'ίΓομαι {σεπ-), έψομαι, 2 a. έσπόμην, to follow, attend, belong to, d. 52. eiros, TO, word; pi. verses, a poem. Epic. €ΐΓτά, SEVEN. Hept-archy. . €ρασ-τη5, οΰ {εραμαι, to love), a lover. Ιεργά^ομαι {εργαδ-), εργάσομαι, εϊργα- σμαι, ε'ιργασάμην, ^ 104, to work. Xlftyaa-idf ας, work. ίίργον, τό, WORK, deed, action, un< dcrtaking, execution, fact, event, re- sult, exercise. 34. €ρ8ω {εργ-), ερξω, ερξα, 2 p. εοργα, VIII., to WORK. |€ρημία, of, a desert. Eremite, hermix. €ρημο$ι η or ος, ov, lonely, deserted, empty, unprotected. 55. ίίρίζω (ίριδ-), ήρισα^ IV., to contend with, D. fc'pis, ίδος, ή, strife. Ιέ'ρμαιον, τό, a piece of good luck. |€ρμηνεν5, έως, 6, an interpreter. Hermeneutics. Έρμήδ,οΰ, \ 38, Hermes, identified by the Romans with Mercury, the god of speech, messenger of the gods, and giver of good luck. Her- metically. €ρυμνο'$, ή, όν {ερ'υομαι, to defend), fortifieel, defensible. έ'ρχομαι [έ/.νϋ-, έλενθ-), έ/ιείσομαι (Att. εΙμι), 2 p. έλήλνθα, 2 a. ηλθον, VIII., to come, go. ερώ, see είπον. 'ipvis, (^τος, 6 {εραμαι, to desire), love, desire. Erotic. (ρωτάω, ερωτήσω, etc., w. 2 a. ήρό- μην, to inquire, ask, question. 51. €<Γθη5, ήτος, ή {ενννμι, to clothe), a garment, apparel. ((τθίω {εδ-, ψαγ-), έδομαι, έδήδοκα, έδήδεσμαι, ηδεσθην, 2 a. έφαγον, VIII., to EAT, consume. εσ-θλο'δ, V, όν, good. eV-rrepd, ΰς, evening. έ'σται, see ειμί. ,^ €<Γταλμ6νο5, see στέλλω. €σταμ€ν, €<Γτάναι, ^ 124, see ίσ• τ η μι. €<Γ-τ€ (-^'ίς, οτε), conj., until. 4'σ-τηκα, έ'στην, see Ιστημι. Ισ-τί, έ'στω, see ειμί. tcTTius, see 'ίστημι. craipos 238 «ψίημι εταίρος, ό {ετης, α clansman)^ α companion, comrade. έταξα, €τάχθην, see τάττω, €τάφην, see βάπτω. €T€pos, «, ol•», the OTHER of two. €Ti, yet, still, further, any longer ; w. c. still, even, any. έτοιμος or £Τθΐμος, V or ος, ov, ready. έ'τοδ, TO, a year. €τράφην, see τρέφω. 6υ (prop. neut. of Epic ευς, good, h-ave), well, easily; in comp. well, very. Eu-, eu-logy. €ύ-γ£νη5 {ϊ^'^-), well-born, noble. 6υ-γεω9, ων (γή), fertile. Ιίύδαιμονίά, (Ις, ha2:)piness. |€ύ-8αιμονίζω {ενδαιμυνιδ-^, ενδαιμο- νιώ, IV., to regard or esteem happy, congratulate. £υ-8αίμων,.ον {βαίμων, fortune), for- tunate, prosperous, happy. 6ν-8οξθ5, ov (iWfa), in repute. €ΰ-€ΐδη5, ες [είδος) , fine-looking . 30. ci'-eXiris, ενε?.πί, | G6, Ν. 3, of good hojje, hopeful. ίύ-εργεσίά, ΰς (έργον), a kindness, favor ; bene-ficence. €ΰ-€ρ^ΐττ\ζ,ον (έργον), a bene-f actor. iv-Xfavos, ov (ζώνη)^ well-girt, ac- tive. €ύ-ηθ€ΐα, ας {εΰ-ηθης, simple-hearted, simple, ηΟος), simplicity, stupidity^ folly. ^ εύθυς, εϊα, ν, straight ; hence, ευβυς as adv., directly, straightway, at once, immediately , forthwith. 35. εύ-καίρως (καιρός), seasonably, op- portunely. εύ-κλεη'ς, ες (κλέος), glorious. εύ-κοσ-μία, ας (κόσμος), good be- havior. €ύ-λαβεομαι, ενλαβήσομαι, ενλαβή- ϋτ/ν (εΰ?Μβ/}ς, cautious, λαμβάνω), to leave a care, beware. tciJ-voia, ΰς, good-will, fidelity. 43. tev-voiKiiSs, with good-will. ci'-voos, ov, contr. εννονς, ow, well' disposed. 14. cii-oirXos, ov (οπλον), well-armed. 30. ^ ^ ευ-τΓ€ΐθη5, ες (πείθομαι), obedient. ΐν-τητωζ (εν-πετ7]ς, falling well, of dice, πίπτω), favorably, with ease. €v-irpdKTOS, ov (πράττω), easy to do, practicable. 34. Ιίύρετη'ξ, ov, a discoverer. εΰρίοτκω (ενρ-), ενρήσω, εΰρηκα, εν- ρημαι, ενρέθην, 2 a. είψον, VI., to find, devise, φ. Eureka, fcvpos, TO, breadth, width, 19. |Εύρυ-λοχο5, ό, Eurylochus. εύρτίδ, εΐα, ν, broad, wide. 24. |€ύ-σ•€β€ΐα, ας, piety. εύ-σεβη'δ, ες (σέβομαι, to reverence), pious. εύ-τοίκτωδ (εν-τακτος, well-ordered, τάττω), in good order. εύ-τυχε'ω, ευτυχήσω, etc. (εν-τνχής, fortunate, τύχη), to be fortunate. εύ-ψραίνω (ευφραν-), ενφρανώ, ην- φρανα, ηνφράνβην, IV. (φρή'^), to re- joice, please, gladden. Ευφράτης, ov, the river Euphrates. εύχομαι, ευξομαι, ευξάμην, to pray, vow. 20. ευ-ώνυμο$, ov (όνομα), of good name or omen; hence, left, used euphemis- tically for the ill-omened word αριστερός, on the left hand, omens from the left being unlucky ; το ενώννμον (sc. κέρας), the left (wing). 39•^ εφάνην, see φαίνω. έ'φασ-αν, see φτ^μί. εφ-ε'τΓομαι, to follow after, accom' pany, d. εψην, έ'φη, see φημί. εψ-ίημι, to send to ; mid. to aim at, long after, G. 6φί(Γτημι 239 ηλιθ$ cψ-C(rrημι, to bring to a stand, halt ; also to set upon or over, appoint; mid., w. p. and 2 a. act., to stop, intr. €ψ-οδος, ή, a way to, an approach. 4φ-οράω, ίο look over, oversee, guard. 6φ' ω, see έττί. Ιί'χθαίρω {εχβαρ-), εχθαρώ, ήχβηρα, IV., to hate. €χθθ5| τό, hatred. ^ίχθρα, ας, enmity. 4.(χθρος, ό, αν, hateful, hostile; εχ- θρός, ό, a personal enemy, while ττο- λέμιος is an enemy in war, a public enemy. «χω {οεχ-), εξω or σχήσω, εσχηκα, εσχημαι, εσχεθτμ>, 2 a. έσχον, VIII., to have, hold, possess, have in mar- riage, contain, wear; έχων, having, with; ovK έχω, not to know; εν νώ έχω, to purpose, intend ; with an adv., to be, as καλώς έχει^ it is well. 5. Hectic. etpKciv, see έοικα. ίώρων, €ωρακα, see όράω, «ωβ, έω, η, \ 42, 2, W. Ν. 1, dawn, morning. East. έ'ω$} conj., as long as, until. Z. ζάω, ζί^σω, έζησα, έζηκα, ^ 98, Ν. 2, to live. 37• ζ6ύγνϋμν (C^^7-). Cft-I^", εζε^^α, εζεν- γμαί, εζενχβην, 2 a. ρ. έζνγην, II. 2, ίο γοκΈ, join, form, by joining. 52. jteii^os, ro, α yoke, team. Zeis, Δίόζ•, Δ«, Αία, Ζεν, Zeus, iden- tified by the Romans with Jupiter. ζή, see ζάω. ζηλοω, ζη?.ώσω {ζήλυς, emulation, zeal, ζέω, to boil up), to envy. ζημία, άς, loss, penalty. Ιξημιοω, ζημιώσω, etc., to cause one loss or do one damage, to fine, pun- ish. ζην, see ζάω. Ιητί'ω, ζψησω, etc., seek, inquire for. 20. ζωννϋμι (ζω-), έζωσα, έζωσμαι, έζω- σάμην, 2, to gird. Ιζώνη, ης, α belt, zone. Ι'Λον, τό, for ζώων (ζωός, living, ζάω), α living being, animal. Zoo- logy. Η. η, conj., or, than ; η . ..η, either . . . or; πότερον ...η, whether. ..or,^ 282, δ. η, an interrogative particle, ξ 282, 2 ηβηΒον {ήβη, manhood, youth), in the manner of youth ; πάντες ήβηόόν, all from the youth upwards. ήγγίλον, ήγγ€ΐλα, see άτ^έλλω. Ιηγίμών, όνος, ό, α leader, guide, ι η. ηγ6Όμαι, ΐρ/ήσομαι, etc. {αγω), to lead, think. 38. ■gSiiv, ηδίσ-αν, see ο\δα. η8εω$ {i'i^vq), gladly, cheerfully, with pleasure ; c. ήδίον, s. ήδιστα. ή8η, already, just now, novj, at length, presently, at once, forthwith. η8ομαι, ήσβήσομαί, ήσθην, to be pleased. 46. |η8ονη, ής, pleasure. 4.ή8υ5, εΐα, ν, sweet, pleasant. See 7)δεως. η€ΐ.ν, "Qcaav, see εΙμι. ηθθ5, τό {εβος), custom ; pi. disposi- tion, character. ηκα, see ΐημι. ή'κουσα, see άκονω. ηκω, ήξω, to be come, have come, come. 28. ηλβον, see έρχομαι. ηλίθιθ5, ά, ov {ήλος, crazy, silly, άλη, wandering), foolish. ή7^ΐ05, ό, the sun. 32. Helio- type, Helio-trope. ήμαι 240 θίράτταινα ημαι (?)σ-), imperf. ήμην, ^ 127, V., ίο sit. ημάς, see εγώ. ημελημβ'νω? (pf. pt. of άμελέω), in- cautiously, carelessly. ήμ€ρα, ας, the day. 8. Eph-eme- ral. ήμ€Τ£ρο5, a, ovj ^ 82 (ήμεΙς), our. ήμι-, in comp., semi-, half. Hemi-. ημι-8αρεικον, τό (βαρείκός), a half- daric. ήμι-δ6η9, ες {όέω), wanting half, half-full. ήμισ-υξ, εια, υ (ήμι-), half ή'ν, contr. from εάν, q. v., if ην, see εΙμί. ήνίκα, rel. adv., when. •ηνί-οχο5, ό {yvia^ a rein, εχω), a driver. "Ηρα, ας, Hera, identified by the Romans with Juno. Ήρακλί'ηδ, έεος, ό, g 52, 2, ν. 3, Jlercidcs. ηρεθην, see α'φέω. ήρο'μην, see ερωτάω. ήρω8, (^ος, ό, ^ 55, Ν. 1, α hero. Tjcrav, see εΙμι. ησ-θα, ήσαν, see ειμί. ήσ-θην, see ί/όομαι. ήσ-υχίά, ας (^ήσυχος, quiet, still), quiet. Ιηττοίομαι, ι)ττήσομαί or ήττηβήσομαί, etc., w. a. pass., to he inferior, worsted, conquered, or defeated, G. 37. ήττων, ov, worse, inferior, see κακός. ηύ-, ηύ-, for words so beginning see εν-, εν-. Ήφαισ -Tos, ο, Hephaestus, identi- fied by the Romans with Vulcan. ηχοδ, ό, α sound, noise. Echo. Θ. |θαλασ<Γθ-κράτωρ, ομος, υ, η [lipa- τέω), master of the sea. θάλαττα or θάλασσα, ης, the sea. 3. fGciXiros, TO, warmth, heat. θάλιτω, θάλιρω, to warm, heat. θάνατοδ, ό (θνήσκω), death ; έπΙ βανάτω, έπΙ θάνατον, to or for execu- tion. 44. |θανατο'ω, θανατώσω, etc., to con• demn to death. 38. θάομαι, θάσομαι, εθάσάμην, to won- der at, gaze upon. θάτΓτω {ταφ- for θαφ-), θάτρω, έθαι^α, τέθαμμαι, 2 a, p. ετάφην. III., to bury. 47. Ιθαρραλεοδ, a, ov, courageous. 22. ίθαρραλί'ως, with confidence. Ιθαρρε'ω, θαρρήσω, to be courageous ; pt. as adv., without fear. Dare. Oappos, TO, courage. θαρσ-, for words so beginning see θαρρ-. θάττων, ov, see ταχύς. θαΰμα, ατός, τό (θεάομαι), α wonder. ■ |θαυμάζω (βανμαδ-), θανμάσομτ,ι, εθαυμασα, τεθαϋμακα^εΟανμάσΟ?/ν, IV., to wonder at, admire, wonder, be surprised or astonished. 4. |θαυμάσΐ05, a, ov, wonderful. |θαυμαστο5, V, όν, to be wondered at, ivondcrful. |θαυμαστώ8, astonishingly. θεά, ας, a goddess. θεάομαι, βεάσομαι, etc., to gaze at, watch, observe. 37. |θεάτη8, ov, a spectator. ^θε'άτρον, τό, theatre. θεΐο8, a, ov {θεός), relating to the gods, divine. θε'λω, see εθέλω. Θεμιστο-κλε'ης, έεος, 6, g 52, 2, Ν. 3, Thciiiistocles. θεο5, voc. θεός, ό, ή, α god, goddess, deity. 13 Theism. ^θεο-σε'βεια, ΰς [σίβυμαι, to rever- ence), 7•"•''^//• Ιθεράτταινα, ης, α handmaid. θ£ραπ€υω 241 ιμαηον ίθ€ρα•ΐΓ€υω, βεραττενσω, etc., to serve, worship, cure. Therapeutic, θεράττων, οντος, ό, a servant. ΙΘίρμο-ΊΓυλαι, ών, Thermopylae, Yit. Hot Gates. Gepixo's, 'A όι>φέρω, to wa,rm), "WAEM. Oepos, TO {Οέρω, to warm), summer. Θ€τταλο5, ό, a Thessalian. 06« (^L'-), (^ενσομαι, II., to rim. €)ηβαίο§, ό, α Thehan. θη'ρ, <^//ρόζ•, ό, α u-iW oeasi. Deer. Ιθηροίω, βηράσω, εβήρασα, τεθήρΰκα, εβηράϋην, to hunt, catch. 8. ^θηρτυτηβ, ον, α hunter. 4θηρ€υω, βηρενσω, etc., to hunt. 20. Ιθηρίον, "ό, α wi/c? ieasi or animal. θησ-αυρο'ε, ό (τίθημή, α store laid up, a treasure. €)ησ€υ5, εως, ό, Theseus. θητ€υω, βητείσω [θής^ α serf), to serve for hire. θνησ•κω (θαν-, θνα-), θανονμαί, τέ- βνηκα, 2 ρ. {τέβναα), 2 a. εβανυν, VI., to die, be slain; pf. as pres., to be dead. 48. 4.θνητο5, V, όν, mortal. θορυβοξ, ό φρέομαι, to cry aloud), a noise, tumult, uproar. 54. |Θρακη, r/c, Thrace. Θράξ, ακός, ό, a Thraeian. θνγάτηρ, τρός, ή, ^ 57, 1, α DAUGH- ΤΕΕ. Ιθϋμοομαι, βνμώσομαι, etc., "W. a. p., to be angry, d. θϋμο$) ό φύω, to rush), the soul, mind, passion. θύρα, ΰς, a door ; pi. door, doors, quarters, court. 54. Ιθυσίά, ας, sacrificing, a sacrifice. θϋω, θνσω, etc., to sacrifice, A. d. 5. Ιθωρακίξω [βωράκίό-), θωρακίσω etc., IV., to arm with a breastpdate, arm. 40• ^ θωραξ, ίΐκος, ό, a cuirass, breast- plate, comm. consisting of a breast, piece and back-piece joined by clasps. 16. θώδ, θωύς, ό, ή, a jackal. ϊοίομαι, ϊΓισομαι, Ιασάμτμί, to heal, cure. jidrpos, ό, a surgeon, pjhysician. tScivi see όράω. Idea. 18ιώτη5, ov (Ιόιος, personal, private), a cominon person ox soldier, a private. Idiot. 1'8οιμι, see όράω. iSos, TO, SWEAT. ιδροω, ιδρώσω, ίδρωσα (ίδρώς), ^ 98, χ. 3, to SWEAT. ί8ρΰω, ίδρΐσω, etc. (ίζω, to make to sit), to fix, found, dedicate. 18ρώς, ώτος, ό {Ιδος), sweat. Ϊ8ω, ί8ών, see όράω. Upo's, ά, ovj sacred; Ιερόν, τ6, α tempjlc; Ιερά, sacrifices, sacred rites. Hiero-glyphic. |ί€ρο-<Γϋλθ5, ό (σΓ'λάω, to despoil), a robber of temples. ϊημι (ε-), ήσω, ηκχι, εικα, ε\μαι, ειθ/μ>, § 127, III., to send, hurl; mid. rush, hurry on, charge. Ικανός, ή, όν {ΐκω), becoming, suf- ficient, able, capable, enough. "Ι"καρο$, ό, Icarus, the son of Dae- dalus. |ίκ€Τ€υω, Ικετείσω, ίκέτενσα, to sup- plicate. |ίκ€τη5, ου, a suppliant. Ιίκνί'ομαι (k-), ιςυμαι, ^ιγμαι, 2 a. Ικόμνν, v., to come, arrive at, reach. ικω, poetic, to come. ιΚΐωζ, ων, propitious. 12. ϊλη, ης, a troop of horse. ίμά?, άντυς, ό, a leathern strap. 17. Ιμάτιον, τύ [εννϋμί, to clothe), a gar- ment. ινα 242 κακώς ϊνα, final conj., in order that, that. *Iv8iKos, ή, όν [Ίνόός, an Indian), Indian. ϋοιμι, lo'vTos, Ιόντων, see εΙμι. "Iinr-apxos, ό, Hipparchus, son of Pisistratus, the tyrant. ttirircwSi έ(^ς, ό, a horseman,- pi. cavalry. 21. |1•π"π•€υω, Ιππεύσω, to be a horseman or trooper, serve as a cavalryman. tliririKos, V, <^^, equestrian, cavalry ; TO ίππικυν, sc. στράτευμα, the cavalry. tiriros, o, ή, a horse, Tnare; αφ' or εφ' Ιππον, on horseback, of a single horseman ; in the pi. of more than one. 9. Hippo-potamus. ϊσθι, see οΐόα. flo-o-irXivpos, ov (πλευρά), equi-lat- tral. tcros, V, ov, equal; εξ Ισον, on an equality. Iso-sceles. Ϊ(ΓΤ€, nee οΐόα. Ϊσ•τ7\\ιι{στα-), στήσω, έστησα, εστηκα, εσταμαί, ίστάθί/ν, 2 ρ. {εσταα), 2 a. έστ?μ', 1, § 123, to set, set up, station, make stand, halt; mid. w. pf., pip., and 2 a. act., to stand, stand one's ground. fiaxipos, s, <^v, strong. χΐ(Γ\νρ(α<5, forcibly, strongly, vigor- ously, exceedingly, very, greatly. 36. ϊ<Γχΰ5, νος, ή (ΐς, vis, strength), strength. ϊσ-ω? (ίσος•), equally, perhaps, ϊτω<Γανι see εΙμι. Ιχθΰδ, νος, δ, α fish. Ichthyo- logy• ϊχνοξ and ϊχνιον, τ-ό, α track. 13. Ιωνία, ας, Ionia. |Ίωνικο$) V, <5ν, Ionian. Κ. κά-, crasis of κα\ α-, καΐ ε-, as καγα- ί^ός, κΰγώ. καθ*, by apost. for κατά before an aspirate. καθαΙρω (καθαρ•), καβαρώ, ίκάθηρα or εκάβάρα, κεκάβαρμαι, 'εκαθάρβην, IV. {καθαρός, pure), to purify. καθ-€λκω {έλκω, έλξω, εϊλκνσα, ε'ίλ- κυκα^ ε'ίλκνσμαι, εΙλκνσΒτμ>, ξ 104, to draw), to haul down. καθ-ευδω {εύδω, εΰόήσω, to sleep), to lie down to sleep, to sleep. καθ-ηγ€ομαι, to go before, lead the way. καθ-ηκω, to reach down. κάθ-ημαι, to sit down, sit. καθ-ίξω {καβιό-), καβιώ and καθιζή- σομαί, έκάθισα and κάθισα, IV. (ϊςω, to cause to sit), to seat, place; intr. to sit down. καθ-ίστημι, to set down, station, establish, bring, post, make, consti- tute, appoint; mid. w. pf. and 2 a. act., to take one'splace, be established. καθ-οπλίζω, to arm fully, equip. καί, conj., and, also, even, further ; καΐ . . .όέ, but . . .further or also ; τε .. .και, και. . .και J both. .. and ; και γάρ, see γάρ. καιρός, ό, the fitting or proper time, a crisis, occasion. καί-τοι, and certainly, and yet. κα(ω (καν-) and in old Attic καω, κανσω, etc., IV., to burn, kindle, set on fire, cauterize. 41. Caustic. Ικακία, ας, badness, baseness. |κακο-τ|θη$, ες (ν^ος), ill-disposed, malicious. Ικακο-νοος, ov, contr. κακονους, ow, evil-7ninded. κακός, η, όν, ^ 73, 1, bad, base, ill, corrupt, cowardly ,• κακόν, τό, an evil, harm. Caco-phony. J^KaKovpyos, ov (έργον), criminal; as noun, a7i evil-doer. ^κακώς, badly, evil, ill; κακώς πυΐέω or πράττω, § 1G5, notes 1 and 2. καλ€ω 243 κατασ-κατΓτω καλεω (κηλε-, κλε-), κα?Μ, εκάλεσα, κέκλ?/κα, κέκ/,ημαι, εκ^.ήθτ/ν, to call, summon; pt. καλούμενος, so-called. 27- καλλίων, κάλλΐ0Γτο5ι c. and s. of καλός. κάλος, ή, όν, § 73, 1, beautiful, no- lle, good, favorable. I2. Whole. καλΰτΓτω {καλνβ-), καλύψω, εκά- 7.v\pa, κεκάλνμμαι, εκαλνψθην, III., to cover, conceal. καλώς [καλός), beautifully, well, bravely, successfully. See εχω. κάμνω {καμ-), καμονμαι, κεκμηκα, 2 a. έκαμον, V., to be tired, exhaust- ed, disabled, sick. κΰμοί, by crasis for καΐ εμοί. καν, by crasis for καΐ αν. κάν5υς, νος, ό, an outer garment, robe. Kavcov, contr. κανονν, τό, a wicker- basket, g. KapSid, ας, the heart. Car- diac. καρπός, 6, fruit. Harvest. καρτερικός, ν, όν {κάρτερος, see κρατερός), able to endure, patient. κάρφη, ης (κάρψω, to dry), hay. Καστωλο'ς, in the phrase Καστω- ?A)v ττεόίον, the plain of Castolus, a mustering field in Lydia. κατοί, prep., down (as opposed to ανά). (1) With G., down from, down upon, against, under, concerning. (2) With Α., down, down along, over, through, among, into, against, ac- cording to, concerning, by, during, of place and time, and distributive- ]y ; κατά κράτος, according to or with all one's might ; κατά πόλεις, by cities, κατά (i)a?xi}ya, in the form of a jjha- lanx. In comp., down, against, and often simply intens. κατα-βαίνω, to go or come down, descend. 4.κατα-βασ-ις, εος, η, a descent, a re- turn to the coast. 2i. κατά-γειος or κατοί-γαιος, ov {yij), underground, subterranean. κατα-γελοίω, to laugh at, G. κατ-ά-γω, to bring down or back, restore; mid. to return. κατ-αγωνίζομαι, to struggle or pre- vail against, conquer, κατα-$νω, to make to sink down, sink. 52. κατα-θεοίομαι, to look down ujwn, take a view. κατα-θϋω, to sacrifice. κατα-καίνω (καίνω, stem καν-, κάνω, 2 p. κέκονα, 2 a. εκανον, IV., to kill), to cut down, kill, slay. κατα-καίω, to burn down, bum up. κατά-κειμαι, to lie inactive. κατα-κηρΰττω, to proclaim. κατα-κο'τΓτω, to cut down or to pieces. 31. κατα-λαμβάνω, to seize upon, seize, overtake, find. Catalepsy. κατα-λείιτω, to leave behind, leave, desert, abandon. κατα-λευω (λείω, 7χνσω, έ?.ενσα, έλενσθην, to stone), to stone to death. κατ-αλλάττω, to change, change from enmity to friendship, reconcile. AT- κατα-λΰω, to unyoke, halt, over- throw, stop fighting. κατα-με'νω, stay behind, remain, settle dovjn. κατα-τταυω, to put to rest, end. κατα-^μιτω, to send down. κατα-ττηδάω (ττ^/οάω, ττι/ότ/σομαι, ε-7/6ησα, πεπήότ/κα, to leap), to leap down. 44. κατα-ττληττω, to stnke down, frighten. κατα-σ-βε'ννϋμι, to extinguish. κατα-σκάΐΓτω (σκάπτω, stem σκαΦ-, σκάψω, έσκαψα, έσκαφα, έσκαμμαι, 2 a. ρ. κατασ'Κ€'ΐΓΤομαι 244 κλ6ΐΓτω εσκάή)ην, III., to dig), to dig down, raze, demolish. κατα-σ-κ€'ΐΓτομαι, a late pres., fur- nishing the rest of its tenses to κατα- σκυπέω, q. v. κατα-σκ£υάξω, to 2^rc2Kire fidly, furnish, sxqyply, viake. κατα-σκοΊΓδ'ω, to look doion upon, reconnoitre. κατα-σιτάω, to drag down. κατα-(Γτρ€'φω, to turn down; mid. to subjugate, subdue. κατα-σ-χίζω, to heiv doion, burst open. κατα-τίθημι, to put down; mid. to deposit, lay np in store. κατα-τρίβω, to tvear out. κατα-φανη5> ές (φαίνω), clearly seen, ill l^lain sight. 24. κατα-φευγω, to flee for refuge to, take refuge. κατα-φρον€ω, to tit ink inferior, despise. κατ-£χω, to hold down or fast, re- strain, forbid, occupy, come to land. tκατ-η■γopeω, κατ//γορήσω, to speak against, accuse, g. κατ-ηγορο5> ό (ά^ορενω), an ac- cuser. κατηλογδ'ω, κητΐ]Αογί/σω [κατά, /.ό- γος), to make of small account, de- spise. κάτω [κατά), down, beloiu. Ικαυμα, ατός, τό, heat. κάω, see καίω. Κ6ΐμαι, κείσομαι, § 127, VI., to lie, to lie outstretched, be laid. Κ€κτημαι, see κτάομαι.. Κίλαιναί, ων, Celaenae, a city in rhrygia. κελεύω, κίλεί'σω, }.κέ7ιενσα, κεκέλεν- κα, κεκέλενσμαι, εκελενσβην [κέ/ίομαι, to urge ο)ΐ), to urge, bid, command, order. 4. Ke'XTTfjs, ov, a Celt. K6V0S, V, ov, empty, groundless, without. Ικενο-σίΓουδίά, ας [σπεύδω), zealous 2:)ursuit of frivolities. ^κίνο-τάφιον, TO [τάφος), an emjny tomb, cenotaph. |Κεραμ€ΐκο$, Ceramicus, the Pot- ter's Quarter. Κ€ραμο$) ό, Ceramus. κεράννϋμι [κέρα-, κρα-), έκέρασα, κέκρΰμαί, εκράβιιν and εκεράσβην, 2, to mix. Kepas, ατός or ως, τό, | 5Γι, 2, α HORN, sometimes a horn for blow- ing, the wing of an army. Rhino- ceros. Ικερδαίνω [κερόαν-), κερδανώ, ίκερ- δΰνα, κεκέρδηκα, IV., to gain. κερ8ος, τό, gain. κεφαλή, ης, the head. Cephalic. κηδομαι [ΐίαδ-), εκηδεσάμί^ν^ II., to be troubled about, care for, G. tKi]pu^, νκυς, 6, a herald. 16. κηρύττω (λ:?//)Γ'/(-), κ?φΓξω, etc., IV., to proclaim, make proclamation, d. 40. ΐΚιλικΙά, (ΐς, Cilicia, a province iu Asia Minor. Κίλιξ, (κος, 6, a Cilician. |Κίλΐ(Γ<Γα, ?/c, ft Cilician woman or queen. |κιν8ϋνευω, κινδυνεύσω, etc., to en- counter danger^ run a risk, be in peril. 33. ^ίνΖννοζ, 0, danger, peril. 11. κΐνε'ω, κΐνήσω, etc. (κ/ω, to go), to make go, move. Κλε'-αρχος, ό, Clearchus, a general under Cyrus the Younger. κλείω, κ7ιείσω, εκ/^εισα, κέκ?ιε/μαι or κέκλεισμαι, έκ?.είσβ7/ν, to shut, close. κλεΌ9, ro [κ?.εω, ίο glorify), glory. κλε'-ΐΓτω [κλεπ-), κλέψω, έκλεψα, κέκλοφα, κέκλεμμαι, έκλέψθην^ 2 a. ρ. έκ7•.άπην, III., to steal. I κλίμαξ 245 KToouai Ικλνμαξ, ακος, ?), α ladder. Climax. κλίνω [K/UV-), κλινώ, έκλινα, κέκ /u- μαι, ίκλίβι/ν, w. 2 a. ρ. εκΆίνην, IV., to bend, incline, make to lean. κλοΊτη, ής {κλέπτω), theft. κλωπ€ΰω, κλ.ωπείσω {κλέπτω), to steal, intercept stealthily. κν^ψα$, αος, Attic ονς (as if from κνέφος), τό, darkness, dark. κοιμοίω, έκοίμησα, έκοιμήβ?^ν [κεί- μαι), to put to sleep; mid. and pass., to lie down, go to bed. 37. KOivo'S) V, όν, common; τα κοινά, public affairs. 44. ^κοινωνία, ας, community. 4.κοινωνο$, V, όν, sharing in. κολάζω {κολχιό-), κολιάσω, εκόλασα, κεκόλΜομαι, έκολάσβην, IV. (κάλος), to check, jnmish, chastise. 26. |κολακ6υω, κο/ιακείσω, to flatter. κο'λαξ, ακος, ό, α flatterer. KoKaa-TioSf «, ον {κολάζω), to be punished. κολα<Γτη9, ον {κολ.άζω), α punisher. k6\os, ον, docked, curtailed, stunted. Κολοσίταί, ών, Colossae. κομίζω {κομιό-), κομιώ, etc., IV. {κοιιέω, to tend), to take care of, carry away so as to save, carry, bring, conduct. Kovi-opTo's, ό {κόνις, dust, όρννμί, to raise), a cloud of dust. κοΊττω (κοπ-), κό-ψω, έκοψα, κέκο(Ι>α, κέκομμαι, 2 a. ρ. έκόπην, III., to strike, cut, slaughter, knock. 22. Chap, chop. κο'ραξ; (ΐΐίος, ό, a raven or croiu. κο'ρη, ης (fem. of κόρος, a boy), a girl. κορυφή, νς {«^όρνς, helmet, κάρα, the head), the top of anything, summit. ίκοσμί'ω, κοσμήσω, etc., to arrange, adorn. Cosmetic. κοσμο$, ό, order, ornament, Cipuip- vient. Cosmical. κονφο?, V, ον, light, dry. κράζω (κρηγ-), f. p. κεκράξομαι, 2 p. as pres. κέκρΰγα, 2 a. -έκραγυν, IV., to cry out. κράνος, TO {κάρα, the head), a hel- met. 19. fKparepo's, ^, 6v, strong. κρατεω, κρατήσω, etc. {κράτος), to be strong, master of, or victorious, to control, overcome, conquer, G. or A. κράτηρ, ήρος, ό {κεράνννμή, a mix- ing vessel, large bowl. Crater. κράτισ•το5 {ι^ράτος)^ best, see αγαθός. κράτος, τό, strength, might, power; ανά κράτος, up to ones strength, at full speed. 19. Hard, auto-crat. κραυγή, ης {κράζω), an outcry, noise, shout, shouting. 54, Kp€as,aoforwf,ro,§ oG,l, flesh, meat. κρ€ίττων {κράτος), better, more effi- cient, see αγαθός. Κρ€ων, οντος, 6, Creon, a king of Thebes. κρήνη, νς, a spring, source. 3. κρη-ιτΐς, ί<^ος, ή, a foundation. Κρης, ν'ός, ό, a Cretan. κρΐθη, ής, comm. ph, barley. ^κρίθινος, V, OP, of barley. κρίνω {κριν-), κρίνω, έκρΙνα, κέκρικα, κέκριμαι, έκρίθην, IV., \ 109, Ν. 1, to separate, judge. 43• Ικρύτις, εως, ή, α judgment, trial. Crisis. 54• ^.κριτής, οϋ, α judge. Critic. Κριτίας, ον, Critias. κροκο'δ€ΐλος, ό, the crocodile. κρου'ω, κρονσω, etc., w. a. p. έκρον- σθην, to strike, clash. ΙκρυτΓτο'ς, V, όν, hidden, secret. κρυ'τΓτω {κρνβ-, ι^Ρ^'ψ-), κρί4'(ο, etc., w. 2 a. p. έκρνότμ• (rare). III., to con- ceal. 27. Crypt. Ικρυ'φα, without the knowledge of. κτάομαι, κτήσομαι, etc., to acquire, gain, get together; pf. to have ac- quired, to possess. 37. κτ€£νω 246 λ£(πω κτίίνω {κτεν-), κτενώ, έκτεινα, 2 ρ. έκτονα, 2 a. έκτανον, IV., to kill. 48• κτήμα, ατός, τό [κτάομαή, α j^osscs- sion. 27- kttJvos, to {κτάομαή, a piece of 'property; γ\. cattle. κτήσ -is, fwi", T] [κτάομαι), a posscs- sion, 2)ossessio7is, jiroperty. κτίζω (/criJ-), κτίσω, έκτισα, εκτί- σμαι, εκτίσβην, IV., to found. κυβερνητη8, ου {κυβερνάω, to steer), a pilot. Governor. KvSvos, 0, the Cydniis, a river in Cilicia. κυ'ζικηνος, ό (sc. στατηρ, a stater), a gold piece, coined at Cyzicus, worth 28 Attic drachmae, or about §7.50. κυκλοω, κυκλώσω, etc. {κύκλος, a circle), to encircle, surround, hem in. 18. Cycle. KvKVos, 0, the swan. κυν-άγο5, ό {κΰων, ή}έομαί), a hun- ter. κνττελλον, τό, a healccr, gohlct. Kvptios or Κϋράος, a, ov {Κϋρος), belonging to or of Cyrus. Kvpios, <^, ov {κνρος, authority), hav- ing authority ; κυρία, ΰς, a viistrcss. Kvpos, 0, I. Cyrus the Elder, founder of the Persian empire, over Avhich he began to reign 559 b. c. II. Cyrus the Younger, son of Da- rius II., brother of Artaxerxes II., unsuccessful aspirant to the throne of Persia. The history of the expe- dition which he made against his brother 40 L e.g. was written by Xenophon. κυων, κυνός, voc. κΰον, ό, ?}, a dog. 50. IIouND, cynic. κωλϋω, Λωλί'σω, etc. {κό/ιος), to hin- der, forbid, prevent, a. g. 26. |κωμ-ίίρχη5, ου {άρχω), a village- chicf. 8. κώμη, ης, a village. 3. |κωμητη5, ου, a villager. 15. κωτίλος, η, ov {κωτίλλ.ω, to jirate^ chatter), lorpiaeious. A. λαγχάνω {λαχ-), λήξομαι, είληχα, είλη^μαι, εληχθΐ]ν, 2 a. ελαχον, \ ., to get by lot. λαγοίς, ώ, § 42, 2, w. Ν. 1, α hare. 8. λαθεΐν, λαθών, see 'λανθάνω. Αακ€δαιμονιος, 6, α Lacedaemo- nian. λαλιά, (Ίς {λαλέω, to chatter), talk- ing, talkativeness. λαμβάνω {λαβ-), λήψομαι, είληφα, είλημμαι, ελ.ήψθην, 2 a. έλ.αβον, V., to take, capture, receive, obtain. 46. Di-lemma. Ιλαμττάβ, άόος, η, a torch. |λαμΐΓρο8, A, όν, brilliant. ^λαμ•π•ροτη5, ητος, η, splendor. λάμπω, λάμψω, έλαμψα, 2 ρ. λέ- λαμπα, to shine. Lamp. λανθάνω {/μΘ-), λήσω, λέλ^ησμαι, 2 ρ. λ.έληβα, 2 a. έλαβαν, V., to escajye the notice of, lie hid from ; mid. to for- get, G. For its constr. w. a. part., see I 279, 4. 48. λάχο$, τό {λαγχάνω), lot, share. λί'γω, λέξω, έλχξα, λ.έλεγμαι, ελέ- χθην, to say, tell, speak, state, call, speak of, mention, mean. 18. Lexi- con. -λί'γω, λίξω, έλ.εξη, -είλοχα, -είλε} μαι . or -λέλ.εγμαι, έλέχβ/;ν, 2 a- ρ. -έλέγην, to collect, gather. 18. λεία, άς, booty, plunder. λαιμών, ωνος, ό {λείβω^ ίο pour), α )noist jilace, meadow. λ(ίΐΓω {λιπ-), λείψω, λ.έλειμμαι, ελιεί- φΟην, 2 ρ. λέλοιπα, 2 a. έλιπυν, II., to leave, abandon; fut. pf, will have been left, will remain. 45. El-lipsis. XevKo's 247 μακρο9 Xn'Ko'si ?;, όν, hright, while. \ίων, ovror^ ό, a lion. Α€ωνί5ας, ου, Lcoiudas, the Spar- tan liero who fell at Thermopylae. λήγω, λζ/^ω, έληξα, to lay, allay; comm. intr. to come to an end. λήθη, J /ς {?.ανβάνο)), forgct/ulness. Lethe. λη'ίζομαι or ληζομαι {/-ψ(^-, λτ^ίί-), ?.ηίσομαι, etc., ΙΛ'. (λεία), to plunder. ^λη(ΓΤ€ίά, ας, robbery. 54• 1λτ]στη$, ον, α robber. Διβυ'η, ης, Libya. Αίβυ$, νος, ό, α Libyan. |λίθινο5, η, ον, of stone. •{λιθο-βολίά, ίΐς (βάλλω), α throwing of stones. λίθος, ό, α stone. 6. Litho-graph. λιμη'ν, ένας [λειβω, to pour), ό, α harbor. λίμνη, ης {λε'ιβω, to pour), a lake. λϊμο'δ, ό, hunger. λίνεο9ι α, ον, contr. λινονς, ή, ονν (?.ίνον, anything made of flax), flaxen, linen. Ιλογίζομαι Qjoyio-), λογιονμαι, etc., IV., to consider, calculate, expect. ;^2• λο-γος, ό (λέγω, to say), a word, imrrative, discourse, speech, discus- sion, -logy, -logue. λόγχη, νς, όν (ττήγνϋμι), building ships. ναΰς, νεώς, ή, ^ 5i, a ship. Ivavrqs, ov, a sailor. ^vavTiKo's, V, ov, naval, nautical; ναυτική, ης, a fleet. vtdvCas, ov (νέος), a young man, youth. ν€άνίσκος, ό {νέος), a young man, even to the age of forty. NctXos, 0, the Nile. vcKpo's, ό, a dead body, always of a ]>erson ; oi νεκροί, the dead. Necro- mancy. ν€μω, νεμώ, ενειμα, νενέμηκα, νενέ- μημαι., ενεμήβην, to deal ΟΧ portion out, distribute, jyasture, graze, a. d. Ne- mesis. V€os, <Ί, ov, young, new. Neo- phyte. |ν€θ'τη9, ητος, ή, youth. |ν£θττ£υω, νεοττενσω {νεοσσός, α young bird), to hatch. vcvpa, «c, o. bowstring. vcvpov, rXfi, -έωγμαι, έώχβτμ^, 2 ρ. -έωγα (rare), 2, to open. οίδα {ιδ-, Ριδ-), a 2 ρ. used as a pres., 2 127, VII., to know. See χάρις. Wit. totxa-8c, for home, home-ward, home. 26. totict'nijs, ov, a domestic, a house- servant. 55. ^οΐκίω, οικήσω, etc., to inhabit, oc- cupy, dwell in, live in, dwell, live; pass, be situated. 23. toucio, ΰς, a house, dwelling. ΙοΙκίζω {οΊκιδ'), υ'ικιώ, ωκισα, φκι- σμαι, φκίσθην, IV., to colonize. JoUwrrqs, ον, a colonist. ΙοΙκο-δομιω, οικοδομήσω, etc. {δέμω, to build), to build, construct. tot^KOk, at home. ΙοΙκο-νο'μος, υ {νέμω), a steward, manager, economist, οίκος, ό, a house, home. olKTcipii) {υίκτερ-), οίκτερώ, ωκτειρα, IV. {οίκτος, pity), to pity, feci pity. otvOS, ό, WINE. 8. οΐομαι, ο'ιήσομαι, ώήθην, to think, suppose, expect; the first pers. sing. olos 252 OTTOTepos pres. and imperf., generally οΐμαι U)U7]V. 3 1 . olos, «, ov, rel. pron., ^ 87, 1, of what sort, what sort of, what; τοι- ούτος. ..οΊος, such. ..as; Οίος τε, ^ 151, Ν. 4, ad fin., able, possible. ois» ο'ιός, nom. and ace. pi. also oJf, 0, ?}, Lat. ovis, a sheep. Ewe. οΐ'σω, see <ρερω. οΐχ^ομαι, οιχί/σομαι, οίχωκα or φχ(^- κα, ι 200, Ν. 3 α, to be gone. 53• οκνεω, οκνήσω {ρκνος, hesitation), ίο be apprehensive, to dread, fear. οκτώ, ΕΙΟιΠΤ. όλβος, ό, prosperity, happiness. oXcOpoS) Ό {δλ?.νμή, destruction. Ιόλιγ-αρχία, ΰς (ηρχί•)), α govern- ment by a few, oligarchy. okiyo^i ?;, ov, § 73, 1, little, pl./eit•, a few. ολλϋμι (όλ-), υ7ίώ, ω?ίεσα, -ο?,ώ?ίεκα, 2 ρ. δ'λωλα, 2 a. mid. ϋ/ώβην, 2, to destroy, mid. to perish; 2 p. to he undone. oXos, V, ov, whole, cdl. Catholic. "Ομηροδ, ό, Homer. ομνΰμι (ό«-, ομο-), ομονμαι, ωμοσα, ομύμοκη, υμώμοσμαι^ cjpothjv and ωμό• σΟην, 2, to swear, take an oath. 52. Ιομοιο5, α, οι•, like, similar. Same, homoeo-pathy. ^ομοίως, in the same inanncr. |όμο-λογ€ω, 6μο7Μγησω, etc. (?.έγω), ίο agree, acknowledge. ^όμο-λογουμενως, confessedly; όμο- 7Μγονμέι^ως ίκ πάνπύν, by the acknowl- edgment of all. ομοδ, V, όι\ one and the same. Homo-. |ομοσ£, to the same place, to close quarters. |ομο-τράτΓ€ζθ9, or (^τμάττεζη), sitting at the sajne table; masc. as noun, table-companion. 4.όμο-τρο7Γθ5, ov, of the same habits or disposition. |ομω5, at the same time, neverthe- less. oveiSos, TO, rcprocLch, blame. |ονησ-ΐ5, εωζ-, ή, benefit. όνίνημι {ova-), ονήσω, ωνησα, ίηή]- Οην, 2 Ά. mid. ωνάμην or ωνήμην (rare), 1, to benefit, do one a service. όνομα, ατός, τύ, a νλ.με. 34. An- onymous. ΐόνομά^ω (ονομαδ-), ονομάσω, etc., IV., to name, ccdl. ovos, 0, 7), an ass. 9. ό'νυξ, νχος, 6, a tcdoii, claw, nail. o^v'sj f'o, V, sharp. Oxy-gen. Οίτη or oirg, rel. adv., I 87, 2, where. οΐΓίσθεν, behind; τα οπισβεν, the rea r. ΙόπισΟο-ψυλακεω, ο7Γΐσβο<Ι)νλακ>/σω, to guard the rear. ΐόΐΓκτΟο-φΰλαξ, ηκος, ό, one of the rear-guard ; y\. the rear-gua7'd. 25. Ιόιτλίζω (07Γ/Ί«ί-), ωτΐ'λισα, ωπλισμα/, ύηλίσΟην, IV., to arm; mid. to arm ones self. 23. ΙοΊτλίτη?» ov, a lieavy -armed foot- soldier, hoplite. 5. οΊτλον, TO, an implement ; pi. arms, armor. 13. Pan-oply. oiro'GfV, rel. adv., § 87, 2, whence, (a source) fro7n which. oTTOi, rel. adv., ^ 87, 2, whither, whitlier soever. diroios, ", ov, rel. pron., § 87, 1, 0/ whatever kind, whatever, what, (sucli) as. ότΓο'σ -os, V, (^v, rel. pron., ^ 87, 1, Jiow much, (as mucli) as; pi. hoiu many, (as many) as. oito'tc, rel. adv., § 87, 2, when, whenever, since. oiroVcpos, Γι, ov, rel. pron., ^ 87, 1, wJok-JiCvcr, of two persons or things. οίΓΟυ 253 ουΚ€τι οΊΓου, rel. adv., ^ 87, 2, where, wherever. oirro's, ν, όι>, haled, burnt, η»'; brick. ο"π•ω§, conj., in order that, that. topcUris, euc, ή, si(jht. όράω (o~-, Ίδ-), όψομαι^ έώρακα or έύμΰκα, έώρΰμαί or ώμμαι, ωφβην, 2 a. ei(hv,Ylll.,tosee. 49• Pan-orama, optics. όρΎη'ι W, anger. όρ^γω, ορέξω, ώρεξα, ύρέχθην, to REACH out; mid. to aspire or sirive a/^(?r, G. *0ρ€<Γτη5, ov, Orestes. top0ios, (1, ov, straight up, steep. opOo'S} V, ov, straight, upright, right. Ortho-dox. Ιόρθώ?, rightly, justhj. opiov, TO {ορός, a bound), a boun- dary. όρκος, ό [npycj, to restrain), an oath. η. Ex-orcism. Ιόρμχίω, όρμί/σω, etc., to start quick- ly, inlrans. to rush, rush at; mid. to set out. 44. όρμη, ?/ς, movement. Ιόρνίθιον, τό, a little bird. opvis, '^"f, 0, ?/, a bird, fowl. Ornitho-logy. Opovrds, a, ^ 39, 3, Orontas, I. a Per.sian nobleman condemned to death by Cyrus the Younger ; II. a satrap of Armenia. ορός, TO, a mountain, chain of hills, height. 19. ορτυξ, νγος, ό, a quail. όρχεομαι, ορχήσημαι, ωρχησάμην {όρχος, α row), to dance. Orchestra, ΐόρχηστ-ης, ov, a dancer. ό'ς, ή'> ο, rel. pron., ^ 8G, who, which, what, that; ij (sc. όύώ), in what way, as; καΐ ος, g 151, ν. 3, and he; εό' ω, on condition that, §207. οσ-ος, η, ov, rel. pron., § 87, 1, how much or great, or simply who, who- ever, which, what, whatever, that; τοσούτος . . . όσος, so much . . . as, pi. so many ...as ; δσω . . . τησοντω, ξ 188, 2, by how much.. .by so much, the. ..the; ucov, as adv. w. numerals, about. οσ-ΤΓ€ρ, ή-7^ερ, ο-ττερ, strengthened form of ος, who or which indeed, just who or which. οσττριον, TO, comm. pi. legumes, pulse. άττίον, or contr. ό<Γτονν, τό, a bone. οσ-τις, ή-τις, Ό τι, rel. pron., g 86, whoever, whichever, whatever, or sim- ply who, which, whoA, that ; όσ-τις- ovv, without relative force, any one, one. οο'ψρησ'ΐς, εως, ή [οσφραίνομαι, to smell, scent, cf. όζω, to smell, have a smell), smelling, the sense of smelling. torav {οτε, άν), rel. adv. w. subj., whenever, when. OTC, rel. adv., § 87, 2, when. oTi, oonj., that, because; often strengthening the sup., as οτι τάχι- στα, as quickly as possible. 6 Ti, ότου, ό'τω, ό'των, 5βέ{οστις. ού, οΰκ, ονχ, ^ 13, 2, not; oij μη, in strong denial, § 257; οϋ or άρ' ού in a question, § 282, 2 ; ov ψημι, to deny, refuse, say not or no. ovi ot, it third pers. pron. (see I 144. 2, and ^ 79, 1), of him, her, it, of himself , herself, itself. Ιούδαμο$ι V, όν, not even one, none. ίού8αμο'θ6ν,/Γ07?ι no quarter. |ου8αμώ$, in no way. ov-8e, conj., and not, but not, nor, nor yet ; as adv., 7iot even, certainly not ; ουόε . . . ουόέ, not even . . . nor yet. |ού8-€ΐς, ονδε-μία, ovf]-tv, § 77, 1, Ν". 2, not even one, no one, no ; ohoh as adv., 7wt at all. .j-ovSc'-iroTC, not even ever, n-ever. ούκ-€Τΐ, no longer, not now. ουκουν 254 ΐΓ(ΐρα ονίκ-ουν, not therefore. ούκ-οΰν, interrog. not therefore f not thcnf Hence in assertion w. no neg. force, therefore, then. ούν, an infer, post-posit, conj., stronger than a/m, therefore, conse- quently. oi'-iroTc, n-ever. ου-ττω, not yet. ov-iruS-iroTc, never yet or before. ουρά, ας, the tail. fovpavios, « or ος, ov, heavenly. ovpavos, 0, heaven, the heavens. OvS, ώτόζ-, TO, EAR. 43. οΰ-τ€, conj., and not, nor; ούτε... οντε, neither. ..nor. owTos, αντη, τοϋτο, dem. pron., I S3, and ξ 148, ν. 1, this, pi. these, but from a difference in the point of view the neut. pi. ταντα often to be rendered into English by this. jovTws, thus, in this way, so, in that case. ov\i, a more emphatic form of ov, οψ£λο$} τά (o^f λλω, to further), ad- vantage. οφθαλμός, ό (07Γ- in δψομαι, see όράω), the eye. Ophthalmy. οψις, ε(^ζ, ό, a snake. όχε'ω, Όχήσω, aor. mid. ωχησάμην and pass. Ι^χΐβην {οχος, a chariot), to carry, hear. Way. |οχημα, ατός, τ6, a conveyance. οχλο3, ό, a croivd, multitude. όχυρο'ω, οχυρώσω {οχυρός, firm., for- tified, cf. £χ(^), to fortify. Π. Ίταγίς, i'<5of, η (ττήγνϊψι), a snare. iraGeiv, see -πάσχω. ττάθος, τό (πάσχω), feeling, passion, ill-treatment. Pathos. firaiZildf ας, education, training^ discipline. Cyclo-paedia. |παιδ€ΰω, παίόενσω, etc., to educate. 18. Ιτταιδίον, TO, a little child, child. 8. ΙτΓαιδο-τρίβηδ, ov (τρίβω), a train- ing-master, teacher. Ιτταίζω (παιδ-, παιγ-), παιξονμαι, επαισα, πέπαικα, ττέπαισμαί, IV., to sport, 2)lay. αταΐς, παιδός, 6, η, α child, hoy, girl, son, daughter, 42. Ped-agogue. iraio), παίσω, etc., to strike, smite, heat. 5. πάλαι, long ago, formerly. liroXaio's, ^, άν, old, ancient. Pa- lae-onto-logy. Ίτάλιν, again, hack. Palim-psest. ιταλτο'ν, TO {πάλλω, to hranduli), a javelin. 42. Ιιτάμ-τταν {'^άς), altogether, entirely. Ιττάμ-ΊΓολυδ, παμ-πόλλη, ττάμ-πολ.ν, very large, pi. very many. imv, neut. of πάς. Pan-acea. 4.ΐΓαν-οτΓλίοι, ας {οπλον), a full suit of armor, panoply. ίτταν-ουργίοι, ΰς, knavery, villany. ^ΊΓον-ούργοδ, ov {έργον), ready for every act, unprincipled, perfidious. 30. Ιττανταχοΰ, everywhere. |•π'αν-τ€λώ5 {παν-τελής, all-corn' plcte, τέλος), comp>letely. Ιττάντη or ιτοίντη, everywhere. jiravToSairo's, V, ov, of every kind. Ιττάντοθεν, on all sides. jiravToios, «, ov, of all kinds. ^Ίτάνυ, wholly, altogether, very. ΊΓοίομαι (pres. not in use), πάσυμαι, πέπΰμαι, έπασάμτ/ν, to acquire ; pf to have acquired, to possess. παρά, prep., hy, near, alongside of. (1) With G., from beside, from. (2) With D,, alongside of, near. Ίταραβαίνα) 255 ττείθαρχο? (3) With Α., to (α place) near, to; by the side of, hy, beyond^ contrary to, beside, except, along with, because of, throughout, of place, time, cause, etc. In comp., beside, along by, hith- erward, wrongly, over. Para-. παρα-βαίνω, to transgress. ΐΓαρ-α-γ-γ(λλω, to send word along, command, bid, to give out a pass- word, give orders, D. ΐΓ<ιρά-$€ΐΎμχι, ατός, τό (τταρα-δεί- κνϋμί, to show by the side of), an ex- ample. Paradigm. iraf)ci8e(.o-os, ό, a pjarTc. 1 1 . Para- dise. 7Γ€φα-$ί8ωμι, to pass along, give or deliver up or over, surrender, A. D. iropa-Octvou, see παρα-τίΟημι. π€φα-καλ£ω, to call along or for- ward^ summon, invite, exhort. Ίταρα-κέλ^υομαι, to exhort, D. ΐΓεφα-λ€ίπω, io leave on one side, omit. Ίταρ-αμΑεω, to pass by in neglect, violate, g. ποφα-ττίμπω, to despatch. 'ΐΓαρα-•ΐΓλη<ηθ5, " or ος, ov, similar, like. 22. ■^(^{κισ-άγγης, on, a parasang, a measure of distance equal to 30 stadia or about a league. 12. ΐΓαρα-<ΓΚ<υάζω, to put things side by side, make ready, prepare. 47. ιτεφα-σ-κηνε'ω, to encamp near, D. ιταρα-τίθημι, to set near or before, A. D. ir(if>-ci{u (ε'ψί-), to be by, near, at hand, or present, to arrive, D. ; τα παρόντα, present circumstances. 32. ΐΓθίρ-€ΐμΛ {^φή, to go or pass along or by. ΐΓαρ-(λαννω, to ride or march along "or by. 'Π'αρ-€ρχομαι, to come 01 ride along, to pass along or by. •π•αρ-€'χω, to afford, offer, give, prO' vide, to cause for a person. irap0€'vos, v, o, virgin, maiden. Parthenon. Ίταρ-ίσ-τημι, to station near; mid. Λν. p. and 2 a. act., io stand near or by. ircip -οδος, 7), a way by, passage^ jyass. Ίταρ-οιμία, ΰς {-άρ-οιμος, by the wayside, οΐμος, a way), a by-word, proverb. IlappourioS} 0, a Parrhasian. Παρυσ-ατι?, ιόος, η, Fary satis, mother of Cyrus the Younger. iras, πάσα, πάν, g 67, 2, and ^ 25, 3, N. 1, all, every, the whole, every kind of, all kinds of; in the sing, comm. Avithout the art. ; see also ^ 142, 4, N. 5. Pan-theism. ΙΙάσ'ίων, ωνυς, ό, Pasion, a gen- eral of Cyrus the Younger. "trdfryja {παθ-, πενθ-), πείσυμαι, 2 p. πέπονθα, 2 a. έπαθον, Λ^ΉΙ., to be affected by something, to suffer; ευ or κακώς πάσχω, to receive good or suffer harm, to be well or ill-treated, I 165, N. 1. 45. •π-ατηρ, τρός, ό, ^ 57, and 1, a fa- THEE. Ι-π-ατρίς, ίι^ος, ή, one's fatherland. |ΐΓατρωθ5, ", ov, one's father's, he- reditary, ancestral. Παυο-ανίας, ov, Pausanias. Ίτανω, πανσω, etc., to stop, end; mid. to stop one's self, cease, desist, pause, G. 15. Few. Ίταχυδι ^'^(^, ^', thick. Pachy- derm. π€διίον, TO {πέδον, ground), a plain. 6. ircto's, Vy 01' {"^ονς), on foot; πεζός, ό, a foot-soldier, o'l πεζοί, the infan- try ; πεζΐ], on foot. ίτΓ6ίθ-αρχο5, ov {άρχω), obedient. Είθο 256 irfurple-fish), purple. Porphyry. TToVoSi V, ov, inter, pron., g 87, 1, how much ? ■π-οταμο$} ό (πο-, stem of πίνω), a river. 9. iroT€, end. indef. adv., § 87, 2, at any time, ever, once; w. an inter., in the world, pray f iroTipos, ", ov, inter, pron., ^87, 1, which of two; πότερον...η, WUETHEK ...or, ?i 282, 4. iroi, inter, adv., g 87, 2, where? irov, end. indef. adv., ^ 87, 2, somewhere, anywhere, perhaps. irov's, ποδός, 6, a FOOT. 17. Tri- pod. Ίτράγμα, ατυς, τό {πράττω), a thi) g done, deed, affair, undertaking, mai ter, thing; pi. affairs, trouble. Prag-" matical. irpdviis, t'c, prone, steep. 24. ττραΐ,ι? 259 Ίτροσευχομαι Ίτράξι?, fwc, ι) [-ράττω), action, irans- action, undertaking. 22. Praxis, updos, f'fi, ov, ^ 70, N. 2, tame. ιτραττω (-pay-), ττρΛ^ω, etc., W. 2 p. πετζρΰγα, have fared {well or i^Z). ^^■> ίο cZo, execute, practise ; sometimes to fare, I 1G5, N. 2. 20. Practical. Ίτράω? (~p«f'i"), lightlij. Ίτρίττω, ττρέψω, έττρε^α, to he con- spicuous, becoming, to befit, d. ; often imfiers., it is fitting, proper. irptVPvs, ecjf , ό (sing, not used in prose), old; as noun, an ambassador. Presbyter. •π-ρίασθαι, see ωνέομαί. firpiv, adv. or conj., before, sooner, than, until. irpo, prep. w. g., for, before, of place, time, preference, and protec- tion. In comp., before, forward, forth. For, fore, pro-. 'ΤΓρο-αγορ€•υω, to j ore-tell. Ίτρο-άγω, to lead forward. •π-ρο-αισθάνομαι, to perceive before- hand. ιτρο-βατον, r6 {προ-βαίνω, to go forth), usu. pL, cattle, ch. sjnall cat- tle, sheep. ττρο-γιγνώσ-κω, to know beforehand. Ίτρο-διαβαίνω, to cross beforehand. τΓρο-5ί8ωμ.ι, to give up, betray, de- sert, A. n. jirpo-Soo-Cd, cc, treason. Ι-ιτρο-δοτηξ, ov, a traitor. ιτρο-δραμών, see προ-τρέχω. irpo-cip-i {εΙμή, to go forward. ιτρο-εχω, to surpass, g. ΐΓρο-θί'ω, to run forward or up. Ιιτρο-θϋμεομαι, ■προβϋμΐ/σομαι and τζροϋνμηβησομαί, 7Γρονβνμ7/θ?ίν, to be eager, anxious. tirpo -θϋμίά, (Ίς, zeal. ΊΓρο-θϋμοδ, ov, earnest, zealous, ready. 26. |ΐΓρο-θϋμω$, readily, zealously. Ίτρο-ΐημι, to send forth ; mid. to surrender, desert, abandon. Ίτρο-ίστημι, to set before ; pf. to be at the head of, G. ιτρο-κατα-λαμβάνω, to seize before- hand, prc-occupy. Ίτρο-λδ'γω, to tell beforehand. Pro- logue. irpo-voia, ΰς {νυος), forethought. Προ-|€νο5, ov, Proxenus, a general in the army of Cyrus the Younger. ιτρο-οιδα, to know beforehand. Ίτρο-βράω, to see in front, perceive beforehand. Ίτρο-ΊΤίμίΓω, to send forward. Ίτρο-Ίτυνθάνομαι, to learn before- hand. irpos, prep., at or by the front of (akin to προ). (1) With g., in front of, looking towards, by (in swearing), pertaining to, in accordance with, worthy of (of character) ; from, by (of the agent). (2) With d., at, in addition to. (3) With a., to, to- wards, against, with a view to, in reference to, according to, to the ex- tent of. In comp., to, towards, against, besides. Pros-ody. 'π•ροο•-άγω, to advance. 'ΐΓρο<Γ-αγορ€υ«, to address, name, call. ΐΓρο<Γ-βολη, ής {βάλ?Μ), an attack. 'π•ροσ--8€χομαι, to recave. ΐΓροσ-δοκάω, -ροσδοκήσω (δέχομαι), to expect. ΊΓροσ-^θίζω, to accustom. irpoV -ίΐμι {εψΐ), to be attendant on, D. τρο'<Γ-€ΐμι (εί/^ί)' '^ ^^'^^ ^^> <^9^^^^^^ or on, approach, advance, n. ΊτροίΓ-Λαυνω, to march forward or against. τΓροσ-€ρχομαι, to come on, ap- proach, D. Pros-elyte. ΐΓροσ-€υχομαι, tu pray to. Ίτροσ-^χω 260 ριτιτω ΊτροίΓ-εχω, to hold to, apply; τον νουν ττρησέχειν, to direct attention to, give heed. ΊΓροίτ-ηκω, to be related to ; προσ- ι'/κεί, impers., it becomes, d. irpoo-Gcv (~/'ό), before, previously, sooner; 6 ττρόσΟεν, the p)revious. ιτροσ-ΐημι, to let go to, ad-viit. ΊτροίΓ-καλβω, to summon. ΊτροίΓ-κυνίω, ττροσκννήσω, etc. {κν- νέω, to kiss), to do obeisance to, salute. ΊΓροσ-ΤΓίΐΓτω, to fall to, befall. •π-ροσ-τάττω, to appoint to, enjoin upon, D. Ίτροσ-τίθημι, to add to; mid. to accede to, d. 'ΐΓρο<Γ-τρ€χω, to run up to, d. •π-ροσ-φίρω, to bring to or in. Ίτροσ-φιλώδ {προσ-φίΤιής, kindly af- fectioned, φίλος), kindly, with affec- tion. Ίτροσ-χωρίω, to go to, surrender. irpoVw {-po), forth, far from. irpoTipos, a, ov {πρό), ^ 73, 2, be- fore, 2:>revious; πρότερον, before, soojier, formerly, previously. Ίτρο-τίΟ^μ,ι,ίο piutbefore, offer, a. d. ιτρο-τϊμάω, to honor before or above. Ίτρο-τρίττω, to turnforward, exhort. ττρο-τρίχω, to run forward or be- fore. Ίτρο-φαίνω, to show forth; mid. to appear in front. Ιιτρο-φασίξ, ^ωζ-, ή, a pre-text. ττρο-φημι, to fore-tell. Ιιτρο-φητίυω» τρυ<Ι>ητενσω, to proph- esy. ιτρο-φΰλαξ, ακος^ ό, a7i out guard, pnckct. •π-ρο-χωρ^ω, to go forward, prosper, be favorable. irpiUTOS, ?/, ov {~ρό), I 73, 2, first. Prot- «π-ρωτο-το'κοδι ov {τίκτα), bearing her first-born. ΊΓτάρνυμαι (ττταρ-), ττταρώ, 2 a. ετΐτα- pov, 2, to sneeze. irrepo'v, ~ό (ττέτομαι), a wing. Feather. 4.ΐΓΤ€ρυ|, νγος, ή, α wing, flap. ΊΓτωχοδ} V, όν [πτύσσω, to crouch)., beggarly, mean ; as noun, a poor man. irvKvo's, V, ov {ττί'ξ, with clinched fist), close together. ΊΓΐίλη, ΐ]ς, a fold of a double gate ; pi. gate or gates, pass. 25. Ίτυνθάνομαι {'^νβ-), ττενσομαί, ■κεττυ- σμαι, 2 a. ετίνΟόμιρ, V., to learn by hearsay, ascertain, inquire. 45. Bid. Ίτΰρ, -ηνρός, τό, pi, ττνρά, ών, § 60, 1, FIRE. Em-pyrean. Ίτϋραμίς, i(hg, ι), a pyramid. ιτΰργοδ, ο, a tower. iripo's, 0, comm. pi., wheat. ττώ, end. indef. adv., yet, vp to this or tJiat time, before. 'Iτω\ζ(ύf πωλήσω, επωλήβην, to sell. Mono-poly. 'π•ώ-•π•οτ€, ever yet or before, ever. irtis, interrog. adv., ^ 87, 2, now? iruis, end. indef. adv., § 87, 2, in any way. P. ρά, easily. jpaSios, «, ov, § 73, 1, easy. Ιραδίωξ, with case, easily. 4.ρα-θϋμ€ω, ραθνμήσω [ρά-Ηνμυς, casy- tempc^ed), to lead a life of ease. ραων, ρασ -TOS, see 'ρά()ιος. pt'w {pv-), ρενσομαι, ερρενσα, ερρνη- κα, 2 a. p. έρρν?/ν, II., to flow. ρητωρ, ορός, ό (stem ρε-, speak, see είπον), an orator. Rhetoric. ρίγοω, ριγώσω, ερίγωσα, § 98, Ν. 3 (Α'}'"!Γ, cold), to be cold. ρίζα, w, « root, stem. piuTto) {pi(l>-) and ρίτττίω, pi^(J, ερρίψα, έρρίψα, έρριμμαι, έρρίφθτ/ν^ 'ΡοδίΟδ ν 261 (Γοψία 2 .α. pass. έ()(ίίΦην, III., ίο throw, hurl, cast, cast aside. 20. 'Po'Sios, 0, α lihodian. ρο'δον, TO, α rose. poos, coutr. ροΪ5, ό {ρίοή, a streavi, current. ρωννϋμι (^ω-), έρρωση, ερρωμαι, (ρρωσθην, 2, to strengthen. Σ. Ισ-αλ-ΐΓίγκτηξ, ον, α trumpeter. σοίλτΓίγξ, lyyoq, η, α Irmnpel. ΙΣάμιοδ, ό, ο Saminn. Σάμοδ, 7, iSamos, an island. Σοίρδ€ΐ$, εωι^, at, Sardls, a city of Lyilia. σοίρξ, σαρκός, ?},/esh. Ισ-ατρατΓίΰω, σατραττενσω, to ride as satraji, G. or A. σατρά'ΤΓη8, ov, a satrap. 4. Σάτυρο8, ό, a Satyr, half man and half goat, companion of Bacchus. σ-αφης, ^ζ, clear, plain. 4.σχιφώ5, clearly. σ-βδ'νννμι ('7^ίf-), ϋβεσω, ^σβεσα, -έσβηκα, ίσβεσμαι^ ίσβεσβην, 2 a. εσβην, 2, to extinguish. a-t-avTOVj //ζ", contr. σαυτοΰ, 7ί"> ^ 80, ο/ thyself or yourself. Ισ•€ΐσ"μο'5, ό, α shaking, earth-quake. ατάω, σείσω, etc., ίο shake. σ€ληνη, 7ί" {σέ?Μς^ brightness), the moon. σ•€μνο'5, ή,όν (σέβομαι, to ivorship), holy, pious. Σ€υθης, ov, Seuthes, a Thracian prince. σημαίνω {σ?]μαν-), σημάνω, έσήμηνα, σεσήμασμαι, εσ7ΐμάνθην, IV. (σήμα, α sign), to give a signal, give notice^ d. 41. σημίΐον, τό {σί/μα, a sign), a sign, standard. 14. ttrt-yoUD, σΐ}?/σομαι, etc., to be silent. σ-ϊγη, τ'/ς, silence. 7. Σικ€λίά, ας, Sicily. σϊτοξ, ό, pi. σίτα, τά, ^ 00, 2, corn, grain, food. 11. Para-site. σ-κάφθ5, τό (σκάπτω, to dig), a hol- low vcsf^el, ship, boat. σκεδάννϋμι (σκεί'ία-), σκεόάσω or σκείϊώ, έσκέόασα, εσκίι^.ασμηι, εσκε(\ά- σϋην, 2, to scatter. σκ£λο8, τό, α leg. 43• σ"Κ£'•π•ασ•μα, ατός, τό (σκεττάζω, to cover, from σκέπας, α covcriny), a tent-cover. σ-ΚδίΓτομαι (σκε--). III., a late prcs., furnishing the rest of its tenses to σκυτζέω, q. v. 29. EsPY, sceptic. Ισκίυάζω (σκεναό-), σκενάσω, ίσκεν- ασα, εσκενασμαι, IV., prop, to use utensils, dress food; hence, top)repare. 1•σ-Κ€υη, ης, equipment, dress. (TKtvos, TO, a vessel or ίηψΙοηΰηί of any kind; pi. baggage, things. |ο•Κ€υο-φο'ρθ5, ov (φέρω), carrying bagga.ge; masc. as noun, a baggage- carrier ; neut. as noun, a beast of burden; τά σκενοοόρα, the baggage- train, baggage. Ισ-κηνί'ω, σκηνησω, to quarter. σ-κηνη, w, α tent. 3. Scene. σκητΓΤο'δ, ό (σκητττω, to fall, dart), a thunderbolt. Ισ-κηίΓΓοΰχοξ, ό (έχω), a scqnre- bearcr. σκηΐΓτρον, τό (σκήτττω, to prop), a staff, sceptre. σ-κι«χ, ας, shadow, shade. Sky. σ-κο•π•€'ω, σκέχΐ'ομαι, εσκεμμαι, έσκε- ψάμην, to look intently, ascertain, to see to, consider. 29. Scope. |o"Koiros, ό, a scout. σ-κΰλον, ~ό (σκΊ'Α/.ω, to flay), comrn. pi., spoils. o-o's, cr.y, GOV, \ 82, tliy. your, yours. |(Γθψίόΐ} ας, wisdom. Philo-sophy. σοφκΓτη'δ 262 στρατιώτηδ ■{■ο-οφιστηξ, οϋ (σο^/ζω, to make *vise), a master of his craft, wise man. Sophist. ΙΣοφο-κλήδ, έονς, § 52, 2, Ν. 3, /So2:)hoclcs, the poet. σ-οφο'δ, V, όν, wise. σ-ττανίζω (σπανιδ-), σπανίσω^ IV. {ρπάνις^ want), to lack, G. Σττάρτη, ης, Sparta. 4-ΣΐΓαρτιάτη5, ov, a Spar^tan. σ-ττάρτον, TO, a cord, σ-Ίτάω, σπάσω, etc., w. perf. and aor. pass, έσπασμαι, ίσπάσβην^ ^ 113, Ν. 1, to draw. Spasm. (Γπ'€ίρω (σττερ-), σπερώ, έσπειρα, εσπαρμαι, 2 a. p. εσπάρτ/ν, IV., to soiv. στΓ€ν8ω, σπείσω, έσπεισα, εσπεισμαι, to offer a libation, pour out as an offering ,• mid. to make a treaty. σ•ΤΓ£υ8ω, σπενσω, έσπευσα, to hasten, 2jrcss on. 36. σ-ίΓονδη, ής (σπένόω), a libation; pi. a treaty, truce. 28. Ισ-ΊΓουδαιο-λογεω, σπουδαιολογΐ/σω (λόγος), to engage in conversaiion earnestly. to-irouSatos, «, ov, earnest, virtuous. στΓουδη, ής (σπεύδω), haste. στα-, stem of Ιστημι, q. v. Ιστάδιον, TO, pi. also oi στάδωι, a stadium, as a measure of distance nearly a furlong. |σ•ταθμο8, ό, a station, stopping- place; hence, a day's journey, stage. 12. ^στασιάζω (στασιαδ-)^ στασιάσω, εστασίασα, έστασίακα, IV., to revolt, quarrel, be at odds. 4. ό (στέφω, to encircle), a croton. Ιστίφανοω, στεφανώσω, etc., to crown. στήλη, 7]ζ (Ιστημι), a pillar. . <Γυμ-φ£ρω, to collect, be useful, to happen. σ-υμ-φημι, to acknowledge. (τυμ-φορα, ας (σνμ-φέρω), an event, mishap, misfortune. σ-ΰν or ξυν, prep. w. D., with, in company with, by aid of. In comp., ivith, together. Syn-. ο-χ»ν-άγω, to bring together, collect. <Γυν-αθροίζω, to collect together. <Γυν-ακολουθ6ω, to follow closely, accompjany, d. σ-υν-αντάω, σννήντησα (αντάω, to meet, αντί), to meet. σ-υν-άΐΓ-6νμ<, (εί/^ί)• ^^ depart with. (ruv-Seiirvos, ό {δεΙ~νον), a table- companion. (Γυν-€ΐμι {ε'ψί), to be with, d. ; oi σιη^όντες, one's associates. <Γυν-€Κ-βιβάζω, to join or aid in getting out. 35. σ-υν-€λαβον, see σν7<.-λαμβάνω. . (τυν-ίλεξα, see συλ-λέγω. σ-υν-ενην€γμαι, see σνμ-<ρέρω. στίν-ίΐΓΐ-τρΐβω, to crush together, destroy idtcrhj, ruin. (Γυν-€•π•ομαι, to accompany, d. <Γυν-€ργο5, ^ (^P/'ox"), <^ co-worker. (Γυν-€ρχομαι, to come together, con- vene, go in a body. ταχί- οττγν, sc. οδόν, the quickest way, used adv. 35. τα«βς, ό, a pea-cock. T€, post-posit, end. conj., and; τέ ...τέ or τε.,.καί, both. ..and. Te^e'a, ας, Tegea, a city in Arcadia. |Τ€γ€άτη8, oi\ a man of Tegea. τί'θνηκα, T€0v€u5s, τ€θνάναι, see τεθραμμαι, see τρέψω. τεθρ-ιτητον, τό (τέτταρες, ιτΓττος), α four-horse chariot. 26. τείνω (τεν-), τενώ, έτεινα, τέτοκα, τέταμαι, έτάθτμ^, IV., to stretch. ^Ι. Tone, tonic. τ€ίχο8} τό, α wall for defence, fort- ress, fort. 19. Dike. f τεκμαίρομαι (τεκμαρ-), τεκμαρηνμαι, έτεκμηράμί/ν, IV., to judge, conclude. τεκμαρ, indecL, τό, α sure sign. |τεκμηριον, τό, a sure sign, positive proof. 42. τί'κνον, TO (τίκτω), a child. τελε'Οω, to arise, come forth. Ιτελενταΐο?, a, ov, final, rearmost ; 01 τΓΑενταΙηι, the rear. Ιτελευτάω, τε/.ενττ^σω, etc., to end, finish life, die. 10. γτελευτη, ης, the end. γτελε'ω, τελέσω or τελώ, έτέλεσα, τετέ/.εκα, τετέλεσμαι, έτελέσβην, to finish, fulfil an obligation, pay. 32. τε'λθ5, τό (τέλ'λω, to accomplish), end, accomplishment, tax, burden ; pi. by metonymy, magistrates. 19. τε'μνω {τεμ-, τμε-), τεμώ, τέτμηκα, τέτμημαι, έτμτιβην, 2 a. έτεμον or έτα- μον, Υ ., to cut. 48• A-tom. τε'ρττω, τέρ-φω, έτερψα, έτέρφΟην, to delight. Trust. |τ6ρψί-νοο5, ov, gladdening the heart. tT8'TapTos, V, nv, fourth. i τετρα-κοίτιοι, ai, a {εκατόν), four hundred. f τετταράκοντα, forty. τε'τταρεδ, (φα, § 77, 1 , FOUE. Tetr- arch. τεν'ξομαι, see τυγχάνω. τε'χνη, ης (τίκτω), art, skill, trade. Teclinical. |τεχνίτη5, ov, an artificer, work- man. τήκω (τακ-), τήξω, έτηξα, ετήχβην (rare), 2 p. τέτηκα, 2 a. p. έτάκην, II., to melt: 2 p. to be melted. 47. Thaw. τη'μ,ερον (~-, a demon, pron. prefix, and ημέρα), to-day. 22. Τίγρη?, ψΌς, ό, the Tigris. τίθημι (^ε-), θησω, έθηκα, τέθεικα, τέθειμαι, έτέθην, 1, to putj place, en- act; τίθεμαι τα 'όπλα, lit., to ground τίκτω 266 τρφω arms, i. e. to stand with spear and shield resting on the ground ; then, to take up a military position, to aj)- pear under arms. Do, thesis. τίκτω (τεκ-), τέξομαι, έτεξα (rare), Ιτέχθην (rare), 2 p. τέτοκα, 2 a. ετεκον, III,, to beget, briyig forth, produce. τίλλω (τίλ-), Τίλώ, έτίλα, τέτιλμαι, Ιτίλβην, IV., to pluck, torment. γτΐμάω, τΙμήσω, etc., to honor, ίο. τϊμη, ης {τίω, ίο pay honor), lionor. 4τΐμΐ05, ΰ, ον, in honor. :};τϊμ-ωρ€ω, τιμωρήσω, etc., to help, avenge ; mid. take vengeance, take vengeance on, piunish; pass, to he punished. |τϊμ-ωρία, ας, punishment. 4.τϊμ-ωρο$, όν (αίρω), upholding lionor, helping. Tis, τί, inter, pron., ^ 84, wno? which f whatf τί, as adv., tvhy f Tis, Τί, indef. pron., ^ 84, so7ne, any, a certain; τΙς, as noun, some or any one; τΐ, as noun, something, anything, as adv., at all. Τισ-σ-αφί'ρνηβ, εος, ace. τ/ν and η, ό, Tissaphernes, a Persian satrap. τιτρώίτκω ijpo-), τρώσω, έτρωσα, τετρωμαι, ετρώΟην, VI., to wound. 48. τοί, post-posit, end. particle, in truth, indeed, surely. 4.τοί-νυν, post-posit, conj., therefore. τοιοσδί, τοίάδε, τυιόνόε, demon, pron., ^ 87, 1, such, as follows. TOiovros, τοιαύτη, τοωντον or tol- ovTQ, demon, pron., § 87, 1, such, as precedes. τολμάω, τολμήσω {τόλμα, boldness), to venture, dare. 37. Τολμί5ης, ov, Tolmides. ■}"το|€υμα, ατος^ τύ, an arrow. tτoξ€vω, τυξείισω, ετόξενσα, τετόξευ- μαι, to shoot with a how, shoot. 7. Ιτοξικη, ης, so. τέχνη^ howmanship. το'ξον, τό, a bow. 13. |τοξο'τη5, ου, ct bowman, archer. 7. TOTTOs, 0, a place, region, district. Topic. τοσούτοδ, τοσαντη, τοσούτον or το- σούτο, demon, pron., ^ 87, 1, so much, great, or large, pi. so many ; τοσούτον, so much space; τοσουτω, I 188, 2, by so much, the. το'τ€, at that time, then; τότε μεν... τότε όέ, at one time. ..at another. του-, by crasis for το ε- or τυ ό-. τράγημα, ατός, τό {τρώγω, 2 a. έτραγον, to gnaw), comm. pL, dried fruits, sweet-meats. τράτΓίζα, 7]ς {τέτταρες and πέζα, foot), a table. τραΰμα, ατός, τό {τιτρώσκω), a wound. 54. τραφήναι, see τρέφω. τράχηλθ8, ό, the neck, throat. Tpeis, τρία, ^ 77, 1, THREE. τρίττω, τρέ-ψω, έτρεψα, τέτροψα or τέτραψα, τέτραμμαι, έτρέφθην, 2 a. mid. έτραπόμην, 2 a. pass, έτράπην, to turn ; mid. betake one's self, some- times put to flight; εις φνγήν τρέπω, to put to flight. 46. τρέψω {τρεφ- for Ορεφ-), θρέψω, έθρεψα, τέτροφα, τέβραμμαι, έβρέφβην (rare), 2 a. p. έτράφην, to bring up, support, keep ; mid. to subsist. τρέχω {τ ρε χ- for Ορε χ-, όραμ-), όραμυνμαι, έΟρεξα (rare), -δεόρήμηκα, -όεόράμημαι, 2 a. έδραμον, VIII., ίο run. 2. τριάκοντα {τρεις), thirty. Tpid-KoVioi, αι, α {τρεις, εκατόν), three hundred. Ιτριβη, ης, α rubbing, constant practice. τρίβω {τριβ-), τρίψω, έτρΙψα, τέ- • τριφα, τέτριμμαι, έτρίφβην, w. 2 a. p. έτρίβην, II., to rub, thraeh, as corn. τριήρη? 267 ύτΓθλ€£ΐΓω |τρι-ηρης, εης, ?/, ^ 52, 2 (όρ- in ηραρισκω, Ιο join), α trireme, α sldp. γ Τρϊν-ακρίά, ας, Trinacria, anothor name for the island of Sicily. Tpis, three times, thrice. 4.τρΐ(Γ-ά<Γμ€νο$, //, ov, three times as glad. |τρισ-χτλιοι, ni, a, three thousand. TpiTos, y, ov {τρε'ις), third. Τροία, ΰς, Troy. Ιτροτταιον, Γ0, α trophy. τροττη, ης {τρέ-ω), defeat, rout. Tpoiros, ό (τρέπω), α turn, man- ner ; disjwsition, character, habit. 42. Trope. τροφή, ής (τρέφω), food, support. τροχό'?, ό (τρέχω), a, wheel. τρϋποίω, τρντζησω (τρντζα, α hole, τριω, to wear out), to hore. τρυψη, ής (βρντΐτω, to break in pieces), luxury. Τρωίκο'ς, ή, όν (Τρώζ•, Tros, the founder of Troy), Trojan. τυγχάνω ('νχ-), τευξομαι, τετν- χηκα or τέτενχα, 2 a. έτνχοι>, V. II., to hit, obtain, receive, happen, chance, G. 45. τύραννο?, ό, a tyrant. Tvpos, <>, a cheese. τυρσ -is, ίος, ή, a tower. τυφλοω, τνψλώσω (τυφλός^ blind), to make blind, blind. ■^^'ΧΉ» '/ί" (τυγχάνω), fortune, luck, lot. Y. Ινβρίζω (νβριδ-), νβριώ, etc., IV., to insult. 35. υβρι?, εως, ή, insolence. |ύβριστο'τατο5, 7, <'^, s. as if fr. νβριστος, most insolent. |ΰδρο-φορ€'ω, νόροφηρί/σω (φέρω), to fetch water. τίδωρ, νόατος, τό, water. vLos, ό, rcg., hut also w. forms as if fr. νίενς, ν'ιέος, a sox. 8. υλη, 7/ς, a wood. Ιϋλη'ει?, εσσα or εις, εν, woody. νμ€ΐ?, ϋμαδ, see συ. |ϋμ€'τ€ρο?, (Ί, ον, poss. pron., ξ 82, your, yours. υμών, ϋμΐν, see συ. ύτΓ-άγω, to lead on slowly; mid. to draw on. ■υτΓ-άρχω, to be a foundation or be- ginning, commence, sup)port, favor^ belong, be, D. υΐΓ-€ΐμι {ε'ιμ'ι), to be underneath. ΰτΓ-€λαυνω, to ride up. ■ύτΓί'ρ, prep., ovEE, above. (1) With G., above, for, in behalf of, concern- ing. (2) With Α., over, beyond, of place and measure. In comp., over, beyond, exceedingly, in behalf of . υΐΓ€ρ-β<ίλλω, to throw over; mid. to exceed. ι5•ΐΓ€ρ-£χω, to be above, surpass, D. ύΐΓ6'ρ-φρων, ov (ώρήν), high-minded. |ΰ•π-ηρ€Τ6ω, ντη]ρετησω, to be a ser- vant, serve, furnish, d. υτΓ-ηρετη?, ό (έρέτης, rower), an underling, assistant, helper. 46. ι5'7Γΐσ%ν€Όμαι, ντζοσχί/σομαι, ντίέσχη- μαι, 2 a. ra. νττεσχόμην, V. (strength- ened from νπ-έχομαι), to hold one's self binder, to promise, d. a. 53. virvos, ό, sleep). νττό, prep, under, by. (1) With G., under, from under, by (of the agent), through, of place, cause, etc. (2) With D., under. (3) Willi a., to (a. place) under, towards, during. In comp., under, secretly, slightly, gradually. Hypo-, υίΓΟ-ζΰγιον, τό (ζνγόν, a yoke), a beast of burden. τ5ΐΓ0-λαμβάνω, to take binder one's jyrotection ,• to assume, suppose. νπο-λ€ίπω, to leave behind. ύίΓολυω 268 ΦίλίΤΓΤΓΟξ νίΓΟ-λΰω, ίο loosen below; mid. to untie one's shoes. •υ•ΐΓ0-μ€νω, to he patient -under, en- dure. νίΓ-ΟΊΓτενω, νττοπτενσω, ^ 105, 1, Ν. 2 (ντϊ-οπτος, suspicious, νφ-οράω, to susj^ect), to suspect, apprehend, be ap)prehc7isive. iJiTo-crTrovSos, ov (σπονδή), under a truce. liiro-xcCpios, ov (χείρ), subject to. ιίττ-οχοβ, ov (εχο)), subject to. νίΓ-οψία, (Ις (νφ-ομάω, to suspect), suspicion, apprehension. 15. fvtrrepalos, «, ov, folloxving, next, second; ry ίστεραία, on the next day. iicTTcpos, a, ov {υττό, § 73, 2), later; νστε[)ην, subsequently . υψ-ΐημι, to send under ; mid. yield, D. ι5φ-ί(Γτημι, to put under ; mid. w. p. and 2 a. act., to undertake. νψο$, τ"ό (akin to ν•\1>ί, on high), height. 19. Φ. φαίην, see φημί. ψαίνω (φαν-), φανώ, εφηνα, πέφαγκα, ττέφασμαι, εφάνΟην, 2 ρ. ττέφηνα intr., 2 a. p. εφάνην, IV., to shoiu ; mid. to shotu oncb self, appear, he seen. 47. Phenomenon. ψάλαγξ, αγγος, ι), a line of battle, phala7ix; κατά φάλαγγα, i?i line of battle. 16. ψαν^ρος, ή., όν (φαίνω), ap>parcnt, in sight, visible, manifest, plahi, con- spicuous. 25. ψάρμακον, τό, a medicine. Phar- macy. Φαρνάβαζο$, ό, Pharnabdzus, a satra}) of north-western Asia Minor. ψάσ-κω (φα-), VI. (φνμ'), to say, state, allege. 44. Φάσΐξ, ίδος or ως, ό, tJie Phasis, a river in Armenia. ψαΰλος, V, 01^, trifing, had. ψ6ρω (o'l-, ενεκ-^ ένεγκ- for εν-ενεκ-), οίσω, ηνεγκα, ενήνοχα, εν?}νεγμηι, i /νέ- xftfjv, 2 a. 7/νεγκον, VIII., to bear, carry, endure, produce, bring. 4. Peri-phery. φ€ίΙ, interj., alas! φεύγω (ψνγ-), φενξομαι or φενξονμαι, 2 p. πέφευγα, 2 a. έφυγαν, II., to fee, retreat, fee from, fy, shun, avoid, be banished. 45. ΐφίνγων, οντος, ό, a fugitive, exile., pt of foregoing ; for the voc. sing., see § 48, 2 ό, second paragraph. 16. Bow. φημί (^«-), φήΰω, εφησα, ^ 127, ΙΛ''., to say, affirm, say yes; ov φημι, to decline, refuse, deny. φθάνω (φ(^(ΐ-), φθάσω and φβήσομαι, έφθασα, 2 a. act. έφθην, V., to antici- pate; often to be translated by an adv., before, sooner, previously, 1 279, 4. 49. φθαρτο$} ύ, άν (φθείρω, to destroy), destructible. φΟίγ^ο\ιαι,φθέγξομαι, etc., to sound, raise a cry, shout. Di-phthong. Ιφθονί'ω, φθονήσω, εψθόνησα, εφθυνή- θην, ίο envy. φθο'νοβ, ύ, envy. φιάλη, ί??, CL broad, shallow howl. ψιλαίτ€ρο$, a comparative of φίλος, § 71, Ν. 2. φιλ-άργνρο5, ov (φίλος, άργυρος), fond of money. φιλεω, φιλήσω, etc. (φίλος), to love, prop, of tlie love of friends. 18. φιλία, (Ις (φί^ος), friendship. φίλιθ85 (Ί-, 01' (φίλος), friendly. φίλ-ι•ΐΓ•πΌ5, ov (φίλος, ϊτΐττος), fond of Jiorses. ΐΦίλ -iiriros, ό, Philip. Philip- pic. ψιλοθηρος 269 χαλίτταίνω ψίλο-θηρος, ην {φίλος, Ο/'/ρα, hunt- im;, fr. Ο/φ), fond of hunting. ψιλο-κ€ρδης, ές {φίλος, κέρόος), greedy of gain. ψιλο-κίνδϋνο$) ov {φΊ^χις, κίνδυνος), fond of danger. ψιλο-μαθης, ές {φί/Μς, μανθάνω), fond of hyirning. ψιλομηλοι ας, the nightingale. φίλο5, ?/, ov, § 73, 1, loved, beloved, dear, actively well-disposed; φί7^}ς, ό, a friend, ii. Phil-, philo-. ^φιλο-σοφία, (Ίς, the love of wisdom, philosophy . Ιφιλο'-σοφοδ, ov, fond of wisdom; masc. as noun, a philosopher. |φιλο-τΐμο8, ον{τιμίή, Iconor -loving. φλέ'φ, φλεβός, η, a vein. Ιφλυαρ/ω, φ/ινΰρ//σω, to talk non- sense. Ιφλυαρία, ας, silly talk, jA. fooleries, nonsense. 54. φλύαρος, ό {φλνω, to bubble), bab- bling. |φοβ£ρος, ά, όν, fearftd, terrible, alarming. 30. tφoβeω, φοβΐ/σω, εφόβησα, ττεφόβη- μαι, 'εφοβί/θην, to frighten; mid. as dep., w. a. p., to fear, dread. 26. φόβος, ΰ {φέβυμαί, to flee affrighted), fear, fright. 50. φοινίκεος, a, ov, contr. φοινίκοϋς, V, "i'v, fiurple. Φοίνιξ, lnoc, ό, a Phoendcian ; as common noun, φοίνιξ, the palm- tree. φον€ΰω, φονεύσω, etc. {φόνος, mur- der, cf. φενω, obs., to slay), to kill. Bane. φράζω {φραό-), φράσω, etc., IV., to tell, D. 40. Phrase. φρην, φρενός, y, prop, the dia- phragm; also, comm. pi., ilie mind, heart. 4φρον£'ω, φρονήσω, εφρόνησα, πεφρυ- νηκα, to think; μέγα φρονέω, to be haughty-minded ; κακώς φρονέω, ίο be evil-minded. 4•φρο'νη<Γΐς, εως, η, wisdom, prudence. ^φροντίζω {φροντίΛ-), φρηντιω, εφρόν- ησα, ττεφρόντικα, IV., ίο take thought for, be anxious, G. Ιφροντίς, ίδος, ?/, thought. Ιφρου'ρ-αρχος, ό {άρχω), the com- mo.nder of a garrison. 27. φρουρο'ς, ο {ττρο-οράω), a garrison- soldier. ΙΦρυγία, ας, Phrygia. ΐΦρνγιος, ΰ, ov, Phrygian. Φριίξ, νγός^ ό, α Phrygian. φυγάς, άδος, 6 {φενγω), an exile, fugitive, ij. φυγή, VC {φεύγω), flight. φυλακή, ής, prop, a guarding; hence a guard, garrison, in the col- lective sense. Ιφιίλαξ, ακος, ό, ή, a guard, watcher, used of the individual. 16. ^ν\άττω{φνλακ-),φν/ιάξω, etc., IV., to guard, keep guard; mid. to guard one's self against. 34. Ιφυσ-ιο-λο'γος, ov, inquiring into nature. Physiology. Ιφυσ-ις, εως, ή, nature. tφυτo'v, τό, a plant. φνω, φίσω, έφϊσα, πέφνκα, 2 a. έφϋν, 2 a. p. έφί'ΐ/ν, to produce ; perf. and 2 a. intrans., to be. φωνή, ήζ, cb sound, the voice, speech, language. 10. Phonetic, φώρ, φωρός, ό, a tJiief φως, φωτός, τό, light. Photo- graph. Χ. χαίρω {χαρ-), χαφησω, κεχάρηκα, κεχάρημαί and κεχαρμαι, 2 a. ρ. εχά- prp), ΙΛ^., to rejoice. Yeakn. Χαλδαΐοι, οι, the Chaldaeans. Ιχαλίΐταίνω {χαλετζαν-), χα/χπανώ. χαλίττοδ 270 χώρε ω έχαλέττηνα, εχα7ιεττάνΟην, IV., to he angry, d. χαλ€ΤΓ0§, V, 02', ho.rd, difficult, grievous, severe, harsh, bitter, angry, cross, cruel. 32. ^.χαλε-π-ώδ, grievously,, severely, ex- ceedingly ; χα7νεπώς φέρω, to be dis- tressed. χαλϊνο'δ, ό, a bridle. tX0L\K€Os, (i, ov, contr. χαλκούς, ?/, ovv, of bronze, bronze. χαλκ05> ό, bronze. Ιχάλκωμα, ατός, τ6, a bronze uten- sil. 43. Χάλο5, ό, the river CJialus. Χάλυψ, νβος, ό, a Chalybian. Chalybeate. χαράδρα, ΰς {^χαράττω, to cut), a ravine. txapicis, εσσα, εν, ξ 67, 2, graceful, pleasing, clever. Ιχαριεντωξ, pleasingly. Ιχαρίζομαι {χαριδ-), χαρωνμαι, IV., to gratify, oblige, indulge. Xcipis, ίτος, η (χαίρω), grace, favor, gratitude; χάριν oioa, to be grateful; χάριν έχω, to feel gratitude. 17. Eu- charist. χ€ΐμών, ώνος, ό, winter, storm. Xeip, χειρός, gen. and dat. dual χεροϊν, dat. pi. χερΐ^ί, ν, the hand. 39. |Χ€ΐρί-(Γθφθ5, ό, ChirisophuSj a Spartan general in tlie army of Cyrus the Younger. Ιχειρο-Ίτληθη'δ, ες [πληβω), filling the hand. Ιχίΐρο-τονεω, χεφοτονί/σω (τείνω), to hold up the hand, elect. 4.χ€ΐροω, χειρώσω, but comm. mid. as dep. χίΐρο'ομαι, χειρώσομαι, etc., to get in hand, subdue. χ€ίρων, ov, inferior, c. of κακός. Χ€ρρο-νησο5, V, the Thracian Cher- soncsus. χθε?, yesterday. χθων, χΟο7'ός, η, land, country. χίλιοι, ai, a, a thousand. χϊλο'δ, 0, fodder ; ξηρός χιλός, dned grass, hay. χίμαιρα, ΰς, a she-goat : the chimera. χιτών, ώνος, 6, a tunic. χιών, όνος, ή, snow. 55. Ιχορ€υτη5, ov, a choral dancer. Ιχορεΰω, χορενσω, etc., to dance. |χορο-διδ(ί(Γκαλθ5, ό, a chorus-mas- ter. Xopos, ό, either a circidar dance or a band of dancers, chorus. χόρτο?, ό, fodder, grass. χράομαι, χρήσομαί, etc., ^ 9S, ϊτ. 2, to use, treat, employ, make use of have the service of, D. 26. χρη, impers., χρήσει, imperf. εχρϊ/ν or χρ^, it is necessary, one onust, should, ought. ΧΡΐίζω UpV^"^-)' Λ'Ρ'>ω, έχρησα, IV., to want, luish, desire. 29. χρήμα, ατός, τό (χράομαι), a thing \ised, comm. pi., things, goods, ptos- sessions, means, property, wealth, money. 27. χρήναι, see χρή. χρη'σ-ιμοξ, U, ov (χράομαι), useful. χρησ-τη'ριον, τό (χράυ, to give an oracle), the seat of an oracle, an oracle. χρηστο'δ, V, ol•- (χράομαι), useful, worthy, good. Xpo'vos, ό, lime. Chronic. |χρϋσ-εο5, «, ov, contr. χρνσονς, ij, ovv, of gold, gold. Ιχρϋσίον, τό, a piece of gold, gold, golden. 6. Xpuo-o's, 0, GOLD. Chryso-lite. ].χρϋσ•ο-χάλινο5, ov, with gold-stud- ded yridle. χωλο'δ, V, όν, lame. χώρα, (ίς (cf. χώρος), a country. 3. χωρεω (χώ()ος), χωρήσω or χωρήσο- μαι, etc., to give place, move on, go. \ωρΙον 271 ώφ€ λιμός χωρίον {χ<'φο(), τ6, α confined place, ttronghold, spot. χωρίξ, apart, apart from. χώρο5, ό, room, space, place. Ψάρος, ό, the river Psarus. ψε'-γω, ψέξω, έψεξα, έψεγμαι, to blame. ψε'λιον, τό, a bracelet. 9. Ιψίυδηβ, ές, false. 24. ψευΒω, ι/^είσω, eijievca, ίψενσμαί, έψεvσθr/v, to deceive; mid. to deceive, lie. 31. Pseud-onyme. |ψ6υ<Γτη5, ov, a liar. ψηφίζω {-ώη^ίό-), ιρηφιώ, etc., IV. [ψήφος, a pebble, from ψάω, to rub), comm. mid. as dep., to vote, decree, resolve, decide. Ιψηψισ-μα, ατός, τό, a decree. ψϊλο'ξ, ?'/, όν, bare. E-psilon. ψοψο$) ό, a noise. Ψ^ΧΊ» V^ (Ψ^'Χ", io breathe), soul, life. Psycho-logy. ψΰχο5, τό {ψί'χω, to blow), cold. Ιψϋχρο'δι «, όν, cold. Ω. ώ, interjection, Ο. ώ8€ {o(h), thus, as follows. ωδη, f /ς ((«^ω), a song. Ode. ωετο, φηθην, see οίομαι. ώΒίω (ώί^-), ωσω, έωσα, έωσμαι, έώ- ΰβην, VII., to push. 4S• ών, part, of εΙμί. ωνεομαι, ΰνήσομαί, εώνημαι^ έωνή- Αην, "w. 2 a. mid. ε-ριάμην from a stem πρια- which lias no present {ωνης, pyrice), to buy., purchase. 49. ώνιος, β, ov (/όνος, price), to be bought ; τα ωνια, wares. ώρα, ΰς, a proper time, time, hour, w. εστί often omitted. Horo- scope. cus, proclitic, I. as a rel. adv., as, used (1) in elliptical expressions, as ως έπος ειπείν, so to speak, ξ 268 ; (2) with participles, ^ 277, n. 2 ; (3) as a preposition, to, § 191, III. 2; (4) to strengthen a superlative, as ώς τάχιστα, as quickly as possible. II. ως is used as a conj. (l)to express a fact like 'ότι, that; (2) in a final clause like 'ίνα, in order that; (3) w. the inf. generally to express result like ώστε, so that, but sometimes purpose, so as, ^ 266, n. 1 ; in a causal clause, since, or a temporal clause, when, or in the sense of 'όπως, how. III. ως w. numerals has the meaning οι about. lUHr-irep, rel. a,(lY.,jiist as. |ώσ-τ€, conj. expressing result, (1) w. the inf., so as, \ 266, 1 ; (2) w. the indie, so that, consequently, where- fore, \ 237. ωτ€, in the phrase έ^' ωτε, on con- dition that, for the purpose of, | 267. ώτίξ, ί/ί^ος, η, a bustard. ώψ€λεω, ωφελήσω, etc. (όφελος), to benefit, aid, help. 38. |ώψ6λημα, ατός, τό, an advantage, good. |ώψ€λιμο5, f/ or υς, oi>, serviceable. IL ENGLISH- GREEK YOCABULARY. For fuller infonnatlon in regard to the Greek woixls here given, consnlt the foregoing Vocabulary. In case of syiionymes, when the difference of use is not here pointed out, tlie first or etymological meaning of the Greek Λvords should be determined from the i)receding Vocabulary, and so the proper word selected. Occasionally the words ure interchangeable. Abandon Abandon, λείπω. Abl3, he — , όυναμαι. Abolish, Ανω. About, άμφί or ττερί ; be — , μέλλω. Above, υπέρ. Abundance, αφθονία. Abuse, 7m loop έω. Accomplish., ετητε7.έω, -περαίνω, or ττοιέω, the last in the sense of simply to do. Accord, of ones own — , έκων. According, — to, κατά. Accordingly, 6/} or ovv. Account, — hcqypi/, μα- καρίζω ; on — of, όιά. Accuser, κατήγορος. Acknowledge, όμολο- γέω. Action, έργον. Admiration, worthy of — , άξίοβαΰμαστος. Admire, θαυμάζω. Adorn, κοσμέω. Advantage, αγαθόν. Aifair, πράγμα. Affection, with — , π()οσφί'λώς. Affirm, φημί. Afford, παρέχω. After, μετά. Again, πάλιν. A. Against, επί or προς. Age, old — , γήρας ; free from old — , αγήρως. Agree, ομολογέω ; he agreed upon, σνγκει- μαι. Aid, βοήθεια ; ωφε?.έω ; — ΰι getting out, συνεκβίβάζω ; ivith the or hy — of, συν. Aim, — at, εψίεμαι. All, πάς; on — sides, πάντοθεν. Allege, φάσκω. Allow, περιοράω. Ally, σύμμαχος. Alone, μόνος. Along, παρά ; up — , άνά. Already, ?/δη. Also, καί. Always, αεί. Among, εν, παρά, or εΙς. Ancestral, πατρώος. And, καί, the reg. and stronger word, but sometimes όέ-, — then, είτα όέ ; — yet, μέντοι. Anger, οργή. Angry, he — , χαλεπαίνω. Animal, θηρίον, a wild animal ; ζψον, a liv- ing being. Announce, άγγέλλω or απαγγέλλω. Artaxerxes Another, άλ7.ος ; one — , αλ/ιί/λων. Answer, — or give — , αποκρίνομαι. Ant, μνρμ7]ξ. Anxious, he — , φροντί- Any, τΙς ; — one or hody or thing, τΙς, τι. Apparent, φανερός. Appear, φαίνομαι or έπιφαίνομαι. Appoint, καθ! στη μι. Apprehension, υποψία. Apprehensive, he — , έννοέομαι. Approach, πλησιάζω or π()όσειμι. Approve, έπαινέω. Archer, τοξότ7]ς. Arise, άνίσταμαι. Arm, οπλίζω ; fully — , καθοπλίζω ; arms, ar- mor, όπλα. Army, στρατός, στρατιά, or στράτευμα. Arouse, άνίστημι. Arrange, τάττω. Arrangement, τάξις. Arrest, συλ/χιμβάνω. Arrive, άφικνέομαι. Arrow, τόξενμα. Artaxerxes, Άρταξέρ' As 273 Bum As, ώς ; (as much) — , όττόσος ; — ... — pos- sible, ως or ore with superlative. Ascertain, ττυνθάνομαι. Ask, ερωτάω, to inquire or question ; ζητεω, to ask for, ask to see, seek ; αΐτέω, to ask some one for some- thing. Ass, δι^ος. Assemble, αθροίζω. Assembly, 'εκκλησία. At, fi^, εΙς, έ~ί, or τϊρός. Athenian, 'Αθηναίος. Athens, 'Αθήναι ; to — , Άθψαζε ; at — , Άθή- νησι. Athlete, αθλητής. Attack, έττιτίθεμαι ; — or make the — , έπειμι. Attempt, έττιχεφέω or πεφάομαι. Attention, give — to, ίταμελεομαί. Authority, royal — , βασιλεία. Await, μένω, in the gen- eral sense; δεχομαί,ύίο, attack of an enemy. Axe, άξίνη. Β. Bad, κακός ^ in the gen- eral sense ; πονηρός, in the sense of hurtful, dangerous, innately Lad. Baggage, collect one's — , σνσκενάζομαι. Banish, εκβάλ7ιω. Barbarian, βάρβαρος or βαρβαρικός. Basket, κάνεον. Bathe, '/.ονομαι. Battle, μάχη. Be, εϊμί ; — at hand., πάρειμι. Bear, όερω. Beast, %i:ild — , θηρίον ; — of burden, νποζν- γιον. Beat, τταίω. Beautiful, κα/ιός. Because, ότι. Become, γίγνομαι. Befit, ττρέττω ; it is befit- ting, πρέττει. Before, ~ρό ; πρόσθεν or ττρότερον ; πρίν. Beg, — off, εξαίτέομαι. Beget, τίκτω. Begin, άρχομαι. Beginning, αρχή. Behalf, in — of, υπέρ. Behavior, good — , εν- κοσμία. Behind, leave — , κατα- /.εί~ω. Believe, νομίζω. Benefactor, ευεργέτης. Benefit, ώψελέω. Beseech, ικετεύω. Beside, τταρά. Besides, ττρός. Besiege, ~υ/αορκέω. Bestow, — upon, πο- ρίζω. Betake, — one's self, τρέπομαι. Betray, προόίόωμι. Better, see Good. Between, μεταξύ. Beware, εΰ?Μβέομαι. Bid, κελεύω. Bind, f5i(j. Bird, όρνις. Black, μέ7ιας. Blame, μέμίρομαι. Blessed, μάκηρ. Blind, — or make — , τνφλόω. Blow, πληγή. Boat, πλοΐον. Body, σώμα. Bone, υστέον. Book, βιβλίου. Bore, τρυπάω. Both, άμφωοΐ άμφότερος-, on — sides, άμώοτέρω- θεν ; — ... and, και ... καί, or τέ ... και. Bow, τόξον. Bowl, κρατήρ. Bowman, τοξότης. Boy, παϊς. Brave, αγαθός. Bravely, ανδρείως. Brazen, χά/.κεος. Breadth, εύρος. Break, λυω. Breakfast, without — , άνάριστος. Breast, μαστός. Breastplate, θώραξ; put on one's — , θωρακί- ζομαι. Brick, πλίνθινος, adjec. Bridge, γέφυρα. Bring, άγω, prop, to lead, conduct, Λvhile <1>έρω signifies to bear, carry; — about, ποιέω\ — back loord, άπαγ- γέλ7.ω ; — in safety, σώζω ; — together, aw~ a) ω. Broad, είφνς. Brother, άδε7.ψός. Build, έποικοόομέω. Bull, ταύρος. Burn, καίω ; — uj), κα- τακαίω. Burst 274 Converse Burst, — through or ojKn, κατασχίζω. Bury, θά-τω. Bustard, ωτίς. But, δέ or άλλα, the lat- ter being the stronger word ; — also, άλλα και. Buy, ωνέομαι. By, υπό, with G. of the agent, or παρά; — land and sea, κατά γήν καΐ κατά θά?Μτταν. C. Call, comm. κα?ιέω, in the sense both of sum- moning and naming; sometimes λέγω, but in the sense only of naming ; — out, βοάω ; — together, σνγκαλέω ; — an assembly, έκκΤιί^- σίαν ποιέω. Camp, στρατόπεδον. Captain, ?ιοχαγός. Captive, αιχμάλωτος. Capture, λαμβάνω ; be captured, άλίσκομαι. Care, — for, έπίμε?ιέο- μαι. Carry, φέρω, in the gen- eral sense, while άγω signifies to convey by carriage ; — back word, απαγγέλλω; — over, διαβιβάζω. Case, in that — , ούτως. Cast, — or — aside, ρίπτω or ριπτέω. Catch, βηράω. Cattle, βονς or κτήνος, both in plur., the former the general word, the latter prop- erty in cattle. Cause, αΙτΙα. Cavalry, ιππικός, ad- jec. ; ιππείς (lit. horse- men). Cease, παύομαι. Celaenae, Κελαίναί. Certain, a — , τΙς. Chains, Χάλος. Chance, τυγχάνω. Change, μετατίβημι. Charge, Ίεμαι. Chariot, άρμα ; four- horse — , τέβριππον. Chase, διώκω. Chastise, κο/ιάζω. Child, commonly παΙς, but sometimes τέκνον (prop, that which is born, a bairn), or παι- δίον (prop, the dim.) ; little — , παιδ'ιον. Choose, αίρέομαι. Choral, — dayicer, χο- ρευτής. Cilicia, Κιλικία. Cilician, — woman or queen, Κίλισσα. Citizen, πο/ύτης. City, πόλις, used either of the place or the inhabitants, or of the two together, a town, city, state ; άστυ, of the place onl}'. Clear, σαψ/'/ς ; make — , δη'λόω. Clearchus, Κλέαρχος. Close, κλείω. Close, — together, άβρόος. Cloud, νεφέλη ; — of Just, καΐΊορτός. Cock, αλεκτρνων. Collect, συ?ι?ιέγω or αθροίζω; — together, σνναβροί ζω. Come, έρχομαι, εΙμι, ηκω; be or have — , ήκω ; — together, συνέρχομαι ; — along, παρέρχομαι ; — on, προσέρχομαι, έπειμι, or πρόσειμι ; — to an end, λήγω. Command, κελεύω, to bid, order, but άρχω, to rule. Commander, άρχων. Commend, επαινέω. Commit, — error, άμαρ• τ άνω. Common, κοινός. Companion, εταίρος. Company, λό^Όζ•; in — %inth, σί>ν. Compel, αναγκάζω. Compose, γράψω. Comrade, εταίρος. Conceal, κρίπτω. Condemn, — to death, βανατύω. Condition, on — tliat, έψ' φ. Conquer, νικάω. Conscious, be — to, σνν- οιδα. Consider, σκοπέω, to look intently, ob- serve, but νομίζω, to regard. Constant, βέβαιος. Consult, — with, συμ- βυνλενοιιαι. Contain, έχω. Contend, αγωνίζομαι. Contest, άγων ; judge of a — , άγωνοβέτ7]ς. Continue, διατε'λέω. Converse, διαλέγομαι. Convict 275 Ease Convict, έλε^^γω; he con- victed, άλίσκομαι. Corn, σίτος. Corrupt, κακός. Costly, ττοΑυτελής. Country, xoypa, lands, territory, but πατρίς, one's fatherland. Courage, αρετή. Courageous, βαρρα7,εος. Courageously, θαρρα- /.έως. Covetousness, ττ/.εονε- ζΐα. Cowardly, κακός. Co-worker, συνεργός. Crag, -έτρα. Criminal, κακοϊψγος. Cross, διαβαίνω. Cultivate, άσκέω. Current, ρόος. Cut, — to pieces or down, κατακόητω ; — off, απο- κόπτω. Cydnus, KifJx'iJc. Cyrus, Κνρος. D. Dagger, μάχαιρα. Dancer, choral — , χο- ρευτής. Danger, κίνδυνος ; fond of — , ψι/Μκίνόννος. Daric, δαρεικός. Darius, ΑαρεΙος. Dark, κνέψας. Daughter, θνγάτηρ. Day, ήμερα. Daybreak, at — , άμα ry ήμερα. Dead, νεκρός ; the — , ot τεθν//κότες ; he — , τεβνηκέναι or τεΰνάναι. Deal, — out, νέμω. Death, βάνατος ; co7i- denin to — , θανατόω ; put to — , αποκτείνω ; suffer — , αποθνήσκω. Deceive, εξαπατάω, or ψεί'δω, to deceive by lying ; — grossly, or completely, εξαπατάω. Declare, άπυδείκνυμι or αποφαίνομαι. Decree, -ψτ/ίρισμα. Deed, έργον. Deep, βαθύς. Defeat, νικάω ; he de- feated, ήττάομαι. Defend, άμννω. Delay, μεΆλω, to be on the point of doing a thing, without actual- ly doing it ; διατρίβω, to spend one's time, tarry ; — one's march, επέχω της πορείας. Deliberate, βουλεύομαι. Delight, τέρπω. Deliver, — over^ παρα- δίδωμι. Deliverance, σωτηρία. Delphi, λε/.οοί. Democracy, δημοκρατία. Deny, ov οημι. Descend, καταβαίνω. Desert, καταλείπω. Deserted, έρημος. Designate, άποδείκννμι. Desire, έθέλυ or έπιθυ- μέω ; επιθυμία, or έρως, the latter physical desire. Desist, παύομαι. Despise, καταφρονέω. Destroy, λνω ; — utter- ly, άπόλλνμι, or κατα- σκάπτω in the sense of to raze, demolish. Die, τε7>£υτάω or άπο- (Ινήσκω. Differ, δακρέρω. Difficult, χαλεπός. Discipline, τάξις. Discussion, /.όγος. Disgraceful, αισχρός. Dishonor, ατιμάζω. Disinherit, άποκηρίιττω. Dispirited, αθνμος ; he — , άϋνμέω. Disposition, τρόπος. Distance, at a — from, πρόσω. Distant, he — , απέχω. Ditch, τάφρος. Do, ποιέω or πράττω, in this sense used inter- changeably; — harm, κακώς ποιέω; — wrong, αδικέω. Dog, κίων. Door, θί'ρα. Down, κατά ; — from, κατά with G. Drag, — down, κατα- σπάω. Drama, δράμα. Draw, άγω; — ιιρ,τάττω. Dread, Όκνέω. Drive, ελαννω ; — away, άπελαυνω. Dust, cloud of — , Ko- νιορτός. Dwell, or — in, οΐκέω. Ε. Each, έκαστος ; — time, εκάστοτε. Eagle, αετός. Ear, οίς. Earnest, σπουδαίος. Earth, }//. Ease, with — or easily, ραδίως. Easy 276 Food Easy, pa'ikoc Educate, ττακ^ενω. Egypt, Αίγυπτος. Egyptian, Αιγύπτιος. Eight, οκτώ. Either, — ... or, fj...7/. Elect, αίρέομαι. Embark, εμβαίνω. Embrace, περι?Μμβάνω. Emporium, εμπόριον. Έιαρϊγ,εξειμι,ίΐΒ a river. Enact, τ'ίβημι. Encamp, στρατοπεδεύω ; — near, παρασκ?/νέω. Encampment, στρατό- πεόον. Encircle, κυκλόω. End, πάνω; τέ?ι.ος; come to an — , ?ιϊ/γω. Enemy, πολέμιος, an en- emy in war ; έχ^ι>ός, a personal eneni}^ ; the — , 01 πο7Ιμιοι. Enroll, εντάττω. Enslave, δονλόω. Entrust, επιτρέπω. Έηνγ,ίρΟονέω, involving the idea of ill-will, malice ; ζ?;λόω, with the idea of emulation . Equipment, κόσμος. Escape, αποφεύγω ; — notice or — the notice of, ?ίανβάνω. Establish, καΟίστημι. Even, και ; not — , ουδέ or μτ/δέ. Evening, εσπέρα. Ever, 7/ ... — , ύποτε. Every, 7Γ«Γ; cverytldng, πάν. Evident, δφιος. Evil, κακός, πονηρός, sec Bad ; an — , κακόν ; evil-doer J κακούργος. Exceedingly, Ίσχνρώς, strongly, forcibly ; χαλ.επώς, severely, grievously. Execute, πράττω. Exercise, γυμνάζω. Exhibit, δείκννμι. Exhort, προτρέπομαι. Exile, ώυγάς or φενγων ; be exiled, εκπίπτω. Expect, οΊομαι. Expedition, στόλος, οδός or στρατεία ; take 2yart in an — , στρα- τεύομαι ; make an — against, επιστρατεύω. Expose, έκφαίνω. Express, άποδείκνυμι. Extent, to the — of, προς. Eye, οφθαλμός. F. Fail, επιλ.είπω. Fair, καλός. Faithful, πιστός. Fall, πίπτω. False, ψευδής. Famous, ενκλεί/ς. Far, — from, πρόσω. Fare, πράττω. Fated, it is — , ανάγκη εστίν. Father, πατήρ. Fatigue, he fatigued, κάμνω. Favor, χάρις. Fear, φόβος ; φοβέομαι, δέδοικα, or δέδια^ the first of instantaneous and inconsiderate fear, the last tAvo of deliberate and rea- sonable fear. Fearful, φοβερός. Fellow - citizen , πολύ- της. Fellow-Greeks, ώ αν- δ()ες "Έλ.λ7/νες. Fellow-soldiers, άνδρες στρατιώται, with or \vithout ώ. Fertile, ευγεως. Fetch, — water, νδρο- φορέω. Few, ολίγος. Fidelity, έννοια. Fifteen, πεντεκαίδεκα. Fifty, πεντήκοντα. Fight, μάχη; μάχομαι ; — it out, διαπολ^εμέω. Fill, πίμπλύίμι. Find, εί'ρίσκω or κατα- ?Μμβάνω. Fine, fine-looJdng, ενει- δής. Fire, πϊψ; set on — , καίω or ένάπτω. First, πρώτος ; πΐ'.ώτον. Fish, Ιχβί'ς. Five, πέντε. Flatter, κολ.ακενω. Flatterer, κόλ.αξ. Flee, φεί-γω or αποψεΰ- yo. Fleet, ταχνς. Flesh, κρέας. Flight, φνγή; put to — , τρέπω. Flow, ρέω. Fly, φενγω. Fodder, χιλός. Follow, 'έπομαι ; as fol- lows, or the follow- ing, some case of 'όδε. Folly, ενήϋεια. Fond, — of danger, φιλοκινδννος ; — of money, φιλάργυρος. Food, σίτος. Foolish 277 Have Foolish, ι/λίΟίης. Foot, τγογγ; 071 — , TTfCf/. Foot-soldier, πεζός ; heavy -armed — , οπλί- της. For, γάρ ; ε\ς or περί. Force, όίναμις ; βιάζο- μαι ; be in — , μένω. Forget, επΓ/Μ,νβάνομαί. Fort or fortress, τείχος. Fortunate, he — , εντν- Found, κτίζω. Foundation, κρηπίς. Four, τέτταρες. Fourth, τέταρτος. Free, ελευθερόω or άταλ- λάτ-ω ; — from old age, αγήρως. Freedom, έ?.ενθερία. Freeze, πήγννμι. Friend, ώί/ιος. Friendly, φί/Μς or ψί- /.ως. Friendship, φί?ύα. From, εξ or από ; — the side of, παρά with G. Front, in — , έμπροσθεν. Fruit, καρπός. Fugitive, φενγων. Full, π7ήρης ; very — , σνμπλεως ; — of toil, πολυπονος; at — speed, ανά κράτος. Fully, — arm, καθυπλί- G. Gain, κτάομαι or κερύαί- νω. Galley, πεντηκόντορος. Garrison, φυλακή. Gate, πί'λη. Gazelle, όορκάς. General, ατρατηγός. Get, γίγνομαι ,• — togeth- er, κτάομαι ; — up, άνίατημι ; aid in get- ting out, σννεκβφάζω. Giant, γίγας. Gift, όώρον. Girl, κόρη. Give, όιΛωμι ; — over, παραδίόωμι ; — χιρ^ παραδίόωμι or άποόί- όωμι ; — answer, απο- κρίνομαι ; — way, εκ- κλίνω ; — way to, πείθομαι. Gladden, ευφραίνω. Gladly, ήδέως. Glory, κλέος. Go, εΙμι or έρχομαι ; he gone, οίχομαι ; — up^ αναβαίνω ; — off or away, άπειμι or απέρ- χομαι ; — forward, πρόειμι ; — through, διαβαίνω. Goat, αίξ. Goblet, κνπελλον. God, θεός. Goddess, ^εά. Gold, χρυσίον ; of — , χρί•σεος. Golden, χρυσεος. Good, αγαθός, in the widest sense; χρηστός, in the sense of use- ful, profitable. Govern,^i to — ,άρχικός. Grain, σίτος. Grant, όίδωμι. Grapple, — -with, συμ- πίπτω. Grass, χόρτος. Gratify, χαρίζομαι. Great, μέγας, prop, of size ; πολύς, prop, of number. Greatly, μεγάλως, σφό- δρα, or ισχυρώς. Grecian, 'Ελληνικός. Greece, 'Κλλάς. Greek, 'Ύ.λ7.ην οτΈλλη- νικός. Ground, — arms, τίθε- μαι τα όπλα. Groundless, κενός. Guard, φί•λαξ ; φυλάτ- τω; — against, φνλάτ- τομαι. Guest, ξένος. Guide, ψ/εμων. Η. Half-daric, jy/zida^e^/cov. Hall, άνώγεων. Halt, καταλύω, to un- yoke the baggage- cattle ; Ιστημι, to cause to stand, as soldiers; — under arms, τίθε- μαι τά όπλα. Hand, χειρ ; on the other — , αυ ; he at — , πά- ρειμι ; get in — , χει- ρόομαι. Happen, τυγχάνω. Happiness, δ?.βος. Happy, ευδαίμων ; re- gard — , ενδαιμυνίζω ; account — , μακαρίζω. Harbor, λιμήν. Hard, χαλεπός. Hare, 7Μγως. Harm, βλάπτω ; do — , κακώς ποιέω ; suffer — , κακώς πάσχω. Haste, σπουδή. Hasten, σπενδω. Hate, έχθαίρω or μισέω. Hateful, εχθρός. Have, έχω ; often by the Hay 278 Kindly verb to he and dat., ^0 184, 4. Hay, κήρφη. Hazard, Eo he put to great — , άποκινόννενομαι. He, ^ 144, 1 ; and — , or hut — , ό δε. See Him. Head, to be at the — of, προέστϊ^κα. Hear, ακονω. Hearing, ακοή. Heart, comm. i/w;i;?/, but sometimes ψρήν in the plur. Heat, καύμα. Heavy-armed, — foot- soldier, ό-λίτης. Height, ν^ρος, άκρον, or δρας. Helmet, κράνος. Hem, — in, εϊργω. Hera, "llpa. Herald, κήρυξ. Here, ενταύθα or avrov. Hereupon, ενταύθα. Hermes, Έρμης. Hide, δέρμα ; κρύπτω. High, άνω ; high-mind- ed, ΰτϊέρφρων. Hill, λόφος or γηλοφος. Him, oblique cases of αντός in the masc. Himself, εαυτόν, reflex.; αντός, intens. like ipse. Hinder, κωλΰω ; — from, άττοκωΜιω. Hire, μισθόομαι. His, often by the arti- cle ; sometimes by αυ- τόν, gen. sing. masc. of αυτός ; — own, εαυτόν. Hit, ακοντίζω. Hither, δενρο. Hold, εχω; — fast, κα- τέχω ; — up, ανατε'ινω. Home, at — , oIkol ; for — or homeward, ol- καδε. Homer, "Ομηρος. Honor, τιμή ; τιμάω ; in — , τίμιος ; without — , άτιμος. Ή.Ο'ρβ,ελττΊς; of good — , ενελττις. Hopeful, ενελπις. Hoplite, οπλίτης. Horn, κέρας. Horse, Ίππος ; on horse- hack, αφ' 'ίππου. Horseman, Ιππενς. Hostile, πολέμιος. House, οίκος, home, or οικία, dwelling. How, πώς or 'όπως. However, μέντοι. Hundred, εκατόν. Hunger, Ταμός. Hunt, θηρεύω or θηράω. Husband, άνήρ. I, εγώ, I V9, 1, and ^ 144, 1, W. N. Idle, αργός. If, ει or εάν. Ill, κακόν ; κακώς. Ill-treatment, πάθος. Imitate, μιμέομΆι. Immediately, ευθνς. Immortal, αθάνατος. Impassable, άπορος. Impious, άθεος. Impose, επιτίθημι. Imposition, εξαπάτη. Impost, δασμός. In, έι^ ; — order that, Iva, ώς, or 'όπως. Inactive, lie — , κατά- Kt /μαι. Indicate, διασημαίνω. Induce, — to return, αποστρέφω. Inferior, χείρων. Inflict, έμβά?ιλω or επι- τίθημι. Injure, β?Μπτω. Injustice, αδικία. Inspire, έντΊθημι. Instead, — of, αντί. Insult, υβρίζω. Intend, μέλλω. Into, εΙς. Intrust, επιτρέπω. Ionia, Ιωνία. Island, νήσος. J. Jackal, θώς. Jar, βίκος. Javelin, παλτόν. Join, συμμίγννμι. Journey, πορεία or οδός ; πορεύομαι. Judge, κριτής, in gen- eral; δικαστής, of a court of justice ; — of a contest, άγωνυθέ- της. Just, δίκαιος. Justice, δικαιοσύνη. Justly, δικαίως. Κ. Keep, τρέφω ; kept, some- tinies the sign of the imperfect. Kill, κτείνω ; he killed, άποθν/}σκω. Kind, γένος ; of all kinds, παντοίος. Kindle, καίω. Kindly, εννυος. Kindness 279 Mount Kindness, ευεργεσία. King, βασιλεύς; he — , βασι?.εί•ω. Kjiock, κόπτω. Know, γιγνώσκω or οΐόα. Lacedaemonian, Αακε- δαιμόνιος. Ladder, κλίμαξ. Lament, οδύρομαι. Land, yf]. Language, ή)ωνή. Large, μέγας. Law, νόμος. Lead, αγω, in general ; ηγεομαι^ to go before in order to conduct ; — forward, προάγω ; — away, απάγω. Leap, άλλομαί; — down, καταπηόάω. Learn, μανθάνω or πνν- θάνομαι. Leathern-bag, ασκός. Leave, λε/ττω, έκ?ι,εί—ω, or καταλείπω ; — he- hind, κατα?.είπω. Left, ευώνυμος. Leisure, he at — , σχο- /Αζω. Less, see Small. Lest, μή. Let, — loose,' αήιίη μι. Letter, επιστο?ί,ή. Levy, σνλ/.ογή. Liberality, with great — , μεγαλοπρεπώς. Libyan, Αίβνς. Lie, κεϊμαι, of position ; ■ψενόω, to falsify ; — outstretched or inac- live, κατάκειμαι. Jnfe, βίος. Lift, αίρω. Light-armed, — sol- dier, γνμνης. Lighten, έπικονφίζω. Lightly, πράως. Line, τάξις; in — , or in — of hattle, κατά (ράΤυαγγα. Lion, λέων. Live, οΐκέω. Living, βίος. Long, μακρός ; — after, εόίεμαι. Look, — out for, επι- μελέομαι. Loose, 7.νω. Loquacious, κωτί/.ος. Loss, he at a — , άπορεω. Lot, τ^Jχη. Love, ψιλέω, αγαπάω, or στέργω. Luck, τνχη. Luxury, τρνφή. Lycius, Ανκιος. Lydia, Χνόία. Μ. Maeander, Μαίανδρος. Magistrate s,7£/7, from τέλος. Majority, the — , oi πολ- /Χ)ί. Make,^o<£'ij ; τίθημι, as laws ; — reply, απο- κρίνομαι ; — war, πο- λεμάω or στρατεύομαι ; — known, μτμ^νω ; — the attack, επειμι ; -^ clear, δηλόω ; — every effort, πάντα ποιέω. Man, άνήρ or άνθρωπος ; old — ,γέρων; young — , νεανίας; sometimes in pL, στρατ/ώταί or τινές. Manifest, (φανερός or δή- λοζ•. Manner, τρόπος. Many, see Much. March, πορεία ; έ?Μννω or εξε/.αννω ; — forth, away, or on, εξελαΰ- νω ; — against, προσ- ελαννω. Market-place, αγορά. Marsyas, 'Μαρσνας. Matter, πράγμα. Means, χρήματα. Meat, κρέας. Mede, Ι^Ιήδος. Melody, μέλος. Menon, 'Μένων. Mention, ?Ιγω. Mercenary, ξενικός or μισθοφόρος. Messenger, άγγελος. Middle, μέσος ; μέσον^ as noun. Milesian, Μιλήσιος. Miletus, Μί/ιητος. Milk, γάλα. Milo, Μίλων. Miltiades, Μιλτιάδτ^ς. Mina, μνά. Mind, νονς ; be high- minded, μέγα ψρονέω. Misfortune, δυστυχία. Miss, άμαρτάνω. Mithridates, Μιθριδά- της. Money, άργίφων or χρή- ματα ; fond of — , φι- λάργυρος. Month, pr'jv. Moon, σελήνη. Mortal, θνητός. Most, s. of πολίς; μά- λ.ιστα, adv. Mother, μήτηρ. Mount, αναβαίνω. Mountain 280 Pass Mountain, δρας. Mouth, στόμα. Move, κινέω. Movement, όρμί^. Much, ττολνς ; πολϋ, as adv. Muse, Μούσα. Must, (hi ; often the sign of the verbal in -τέος. Muster, αθροίζω. My, ηχός ; often by the gen. sing, of ίγω. Myself, εμαντον, re- flex. ; αυτός, intens. like ipse. N. Name, όνομα. Nature, φύσις. Near, ττρός or παρά ; πλησίον or έγ}'νς. Necessary, it is — , όεΐ, or ανάγκη εστίν. Necklace, στρεπτός. Need, δέομαι ; there is — , όεΐ. Neglect, άμελέω. Neighboring, π?.ησίον. Neither, — ... nor, ούτε ...οντε, or μήτε. ..μήτε. Never, ονποτε or μή- ποτε. Nevertheless, υμως. Next, on the — day, TTi νστεραία. Night, ννξ ; hj — , vv- KTCJf). Nightingale, φιλομήλα. Nile, NtZAof. No, ουδείς or μηδείς ; — one., ονδείς or μηδείς ; nothing, ουδέν or μηδέν. Noble, γενναίος. Nobly, γενναίως. Noise, κραυγή, a cry, shout ; θόρυβος, a con- fused noise, uproar. Nor, ουδέ or μηδέ. Not, ου OT μή] — yet, ουπω or μήπω ; — even, ουδέ or μηδέ. Notice, escape — or es- cape the — of, λαν- θάνω. Now, vvv, of time ; δή, inferential ; ηδη, al- ready. Number, αριθαέω ; in great numbers, πολύς. Ο. ο, ώ ; — that ! είθε. Oath, όρκος. Obey, πείθομαι. Observe, νοέω or θεάο- μαι. Obtain, τυγχάνω. Occupy, οΐκέω or κατέ- Offering, pour out as an — , σπένδω. Often, πολ^Μκις. Old, — man, γέρων ; — age, γήρας. Oligarchy, ο?.ιγαρχία. On, επί or εν; — ac- count of, δίά] — horseback, a(f Ίππου. Once, ποτέ ; at — , ah- τίκα, εΰθυς, or 7/δη. One, π?,; — another, αλλήλων. Only, μόνον. Open, ανοίγω. Opinion, γνώμη. Opponent, αντιστασιώ- της. Oppose, κω/ινω, in the sense of hindering ; εναντώομαι, in the sense of setting one's self against. Or, ή. Oracle, μαντεία, the re- sponse ; χρηστήριον^ the seat of the oracle. Orator, ρήτωρ. Order, κελεύω or τάττω; in good — , εντάκτως ; in — or in — that, 'ίνα, ως, or δπως. Orestes, 'Ορέστης. Orontas, Όρόντας. Ostrich, στρουθός. Other, άλλος ; others, oi δέ, I 143, 1. Ought, χρή. Our, ημέτερος ; often the gen. plur. of έγω. Out, — of sight, αφανής. Outrage, αΐκίζω. Outstretched, lie — , κατάκειμαι. Overcome, κρατέω. Overthrow, καταλύω. Own, by the gen. of the proper reflex, pron. Pain, λί'7Π7, Palace, βασί?.εια. Palisade, σταίφωμα. Parasang, παρασάγγ7/ς. Parent, γονεϋς. Park, παράδεισος. Part, μέρος. Pass, πάροδος ; — along, παραδίδωμί, trans., or παρέρχομαι, in trans. ; — hy, παρέρχομαι; — Passable 281 Pyramid the word to one anoth- er, όιαγγέλλομαι. Passable, — by wagons, αμαξιτός. Pausanias, ΤΙανσανίας. Ps-y» μισθός ; τελεω or ατΐοδΊόωμι. Peace, ειρψη. Peacock, ταώς. Peltast, -ε /-αστής. Penalty, ζημία. People, 07]μος. Perceive, αίσβάνομαί. Perfidious, τζανοϊφγος. Perhaps, Ισως. Perish or — utterly, ά7τόλ?Λ>μαι. Perjure, — one's self, επωρκέω. Permit, εάω. Persian, ΤΙερσικός or ΤΙέρσης. Person, άνθρω-ος. Persuade, τΐείθω. Pharnabazus, Φαρνά- βαζος. Philosopher, φιλόσο- φος. Phrygia, Φρυγία ; Phry- gian, Φρνγιος. Picket-guard, προφν- /.αξ. Piece, cut to pieces, κα- τακόητω. Pigres, ΤΙίγρης. Pilot, κυβερνήτης. Pisidian, ΤΙισίόης. Pity, οίκτείρω. Place, χωρίον or τόπος ; stopping — , σταθμός ; take — , γίγνομαι ; in this — , ενταύθα ; in — of, αντί. Plain, πεδίον. Plait, ττλέκω. Plan, βηνλή ; βονλενω. Play, τταίζω. Pleased, be — , ήδομαι. Pleasing, χαρίεις. Pleasure, ήδηνή. Pledges, πιστά. Plethrum, πλεθρην. Plot, επιβουλή ; — against, επιβονλενω. Plough, άροτρον. Plunder, πορΟέω, αρπά- ζω^ or διαρπάζω. Poet, ποιητής. Point, — out, έπιδεί- κννμι. Polished, ξεστός. Poor, πτωχός ; — man, πένης. Possess, κέκτημαι. Possession, κτήμα ; pos- sessions, sometimes αγαθά. Possible, is — , εστί or έξεστι ; as ... as — , ώς or 'ότι with super- lative. Post, καθίστημι. Pour, — out as an of- fering, σπένδω. Poverty, πενία. Power, κράτος or δννα- μις ; in the — of, επί with D. Practicable, ενπρακτος. Praise, έπαινέω. Praiseworthy, επαινε- τός. Pray, εύχομαι. Pre-eminently, Οια<;)ε- ρόντως. Prefer, αίρέομαι. Present, παρών, part, of πάρειμι used as adj. ; be — , πάρειμι. Press, πιέζω. Pretext, πρύφασις. Prize, άθλον. Proceed, πορεύομαι. Proclaim, κατακηρίπτω. Proclamation, make — , κηρί'ττω. Procure, πορίζω. Promise, ύπισχνέημαι. Proof, τεκμήριον. Proper, — time, και- ρός. Property, χρήματα. Propitious, Ώ^εως. Prosperous, ευδαίμων. Protection, έπικοίφημα. Provide, πυρίζω. Province, αρχή. Provisions, επιτήδεια, with or without the article. Proxenus, ΤΙρόξενος. Prudent, σώφρων. Publish, άποδείκνυμι. Punish, κολάζω or ζη- μώω. Punisher, κολαστής. Punishment, inflict — , δίκην έπιτίθημι. Purchase, ώνέομαι. Purify, καθαίρο). Purple, φοινίκεος or πηρ- φϋρεος. Purpose, for the — of, εφ' ώτε. Pursue, διώκω. Pursuit, δίωξις. Put, τίΟημι ; - — to flight, ^ τρέπομαι ; — to death, W^" αποκτείνω; — to vote, επηρηφίζω ; — to sea, ανάγομαι ; — on, iv- δννω ; — on ones breast-plate, θωρακί- ζομαι. Pyramid, πυραμίς. Quail 282 Send Q. Quail, ορτνξ. Question, ερωτάω. Quick, ταχνς. Quickly, ταχύ. R. Raise, — ιψ, ανίστ7]μί. Rank, τάξις. Ransom, λνομαί. Rapidly, ταχέως. Rather, μάλλον. Ratify, έκικνρόω. Ravine, χαράδρα. Reach, — down, καβί/κω. Read, αναγιγνώσκω. Ready, make — , τταρα- σκευάζομαι. Receive, λαμβάνω, in the sense of taking in one's hand, laying hold of; δέχομαι, in the sense of holding out one's hand to receive what is of- fered, accepting. Reconcile, διαλλάττω or καταλ.?ιάττω. Refrain, άπέχυμαι. Refuge, take — , κατα- φεύγω. Refuse, ov ^7]μι. Regard, — happy, ev- δαιμονίζω ; in — to, προς w. A. Remain, μένω. Remember, μέμν7]μαί. Remit, αποπέμπω. Reply, make — , απο- κρίνομαι. Reputation, δόξα. Repute, in — , ένδοξος. Rescue, σώζω. Resolutely, στερρώς. Respect, αιδώς ; with — to, προς w. Λ. Rest, αναπαύομαι • the — of, ό ά/,λος ; the — , ol ά/ιλοί or 01 λοιποί. Restore, κατάγω. Restrain, κατέχω. Retaliate, άντιποιέω. Retreat, ψενγω. Return, induce to — , αποστρέψω. Revile, λοιδορέω. Revolt, άφίσταμαι. Reward, μ-ισΟός. Rich, πλούσιος ; he — , πλοντέω. Ride, ελαννω ; — bij, παρελαύνω ; — away, άπελαννω. Right, ίίίκαίοζ-, morally; δεξιός, direction. River, ποταμός. Road, οδός. Rob, στ ε ρέω, άποστερέω, or ά<ραιρέομαι. Robber, λτ/στής ; — of temples. Ιερόσυλος. Robbery, ληστεία . Robe, κάνδνς. Rock, πέτρα. Royal, βασίλειος or βα- σι?ιΐκός ; — authority, βασιλεία. Rule, άρχω. Run, τρέχω, in the gen- eral sense ; Ηέω, de- notes haste and quick- ness, and is comm. used of bodies of men, a military term ; — forward, προτρέχω ; — up, προσβέω. Rush, 'ίεμαι or ορμάω ; — on, ορμάω. S. Sacred, Ιερός. Sacrifice, Ουσία ; β!•ω. Safe, άσφαλΐ^ς or σώος. Safely, άσφα?.ώς. Safety, σωτηρία or ασφάλεια ; with — , άσφα/Μς ; m great- est — , άσ<ρα7.έστατα ; bring in — , σώζω. Sail, — away^ αποπλέω or εκπλέω. Sailor, ναύτης. Same, αυτός with tho art., I 79, 2. Samian, Σάαιος. Sardis, Σάρδεις. Satrap, σατράπης. Save, σώζω. Savior, σωτήρ. Say, λέγω or <Ι)ημΊ ; εΐ- πον, said. Scout, σκοπός. Scrutinize, εξετάζω. Sea, θάλαττα ; put to — , ανάγομαι. Seat, be seated, κάΟημαι. Second, ΰστεραίος. Secret, κρυπτός. See, όράω ; — to, σκο- πέω. Seek, ζητέω. Seem, — best, δοκέω. Seer, μάντις. Self, αυτός, ξ 145, 1. Self-control, εγκράτεια. Sell, αποδίδομαι. Send, πέμπω, στέλ2ω (p. 89), or "ιημι ; — for, μεταπέμπομαΐ] — baek or home, αποπέμπω ; — forward, προπέμπω; — down, καταπέμπω ; — word, παραγγέλλω. Sense 283 stream Sense, αίσθησις. Senseless, ανοος. Separate, α-οσπάω or (^ιιστημι. Servant, θεράττων. Serve, — for hire, θη- τε'νω. Set, Ίστημι ; δννω, of the sun ; — before, Tcapa- τίβημι ; — onfire^ καίω or ένάπτω ; — out, όρμάομαι. Seven, έ-τά. Severe, χα/χπός. Shame, αίσχννη. Sharp, οξνς. Shepherd, ττοιμγν. SMeld, ασ-ίς. Ship, νανς. Shoot, τοξεύω. Shout, κραυγή ; βοάω. Show, φαίνω, to make to appear, to cause to be seen ; όείκννμι or im- όείκννμί, prop, to show with the finger, hence to show in general. Shun, φεύγω. Sick, he — , ασθενέω. Side, from the — of, -jrapa with G. ; on all sides, πάντοθεν ; on hoth sides, άμφοτέρω- 6εχ-. Sight, όρασις; out of — , άφαντες ; i?i — , κατα- (pain/g. Silence, σιγή. Silent, be — , σιγάω. Silver, αργίφιον ; — or of—, αργ'υρεος. Simple, άττλόος. Since, ε-εί or οπότε. Sing, άδω. Singer, αοιδός. Sink or — down, κατα- δύω, trans. Six, εξ. Skill, τέχνη. Skin, διφθέρα. Slander, δίαβο7-ή. Slaughter, κύ-τω or σψάττω. Slave, δοΰ7Μς ; be a — , δονΤιΐνω. Slay, άττοκτείνω, ά—όλ- λνμι ; be slain, απο- θνήσκω. Sleep, νπνος ; καθείδω. Sling, σφενδόνη ; σφεν- δονάω. Slinger, σφενδονήτης. Slowly, σχολτ). Small, μικρός. Smelling, όσφρησις. Snare, παγίς. Sneeze, πτάρνυμαι. So, οί'τως, adv. of man- ner ; δή, logical par- ticle of inference ; be — , όντως έχω. Socrates, Σωκράτης. Soldier, στρατιώτης ; light-armed — , γυ- μνής. Some, τΙς ; οΊ μεν, § 143, 1 ; — one or body or thing, τις, τΙ. Sometimes, ενίοτε. Son, νίύς, in general ; τταϊς, child, of either sex. Song, ώδή. Sooner, πρόσθεν. Soothsayer, μάντις. Sophist, σοφιστής. Sophocles, Σοφοκλής. Sorrow, Αυκη. Sort, of every — , παντο- δατνός. Soul, θνμός. Sound, σημαίνω, to give a signal, witli a per- sonal subject ; φθέγ- γομαι, of any loud, clear sound. Source, πηγή. Sparta, Σπάρτη. Spartan, Σπαρτιάτης. Speak or — of, Άέγω ; είπον, spoke; — the truth, άλ7]βενω. Spear, λόγχη. Speech, λόγος. Speed, at fall — , ανά κράτος. Spoils, σκίΟ.α. Sportsman, θηρευτής. Spot, χωρίον. Spring, κρ/'/νη. Square, πλαίσιον. Stadium, στάδων. Stag, έλαφος. Stage, σταθμός. Stand, ϊσταμαι or εστη- κα ; — by, παρίστα- μαι ; — around, πε- ρύσταμαι ; — under arms, τίθεμαι τα όπλα. Standard, σημείον. State, λέγω ; πόλις. Station, σταθμός. Steal, κλέπτω. Steep, πρανής. Stem, στυγνός. Stm, ετι. Stir, — up, ταράττω. Stone, λίθος] βάλλω. Stop, πάνω] — fighting, καταλνω. Stopping-place, στα- θμός. Straightway, είθ'νς. Stranger, ξένος. Stream, ρόος. strengthen 284 Tissaphernes Strengthen, ρώνννμι. Strife, ερις. Strike, 7Γ«/ω, strike with the hand or some- thing in it ; π?ιήττί.), a stronger word. Strive, ττειράομαι ; — after, ορέγομαι. Strong, ισχυρός. Stronghold, χωρίον or χωρίον Ίσχυρόν. Struggle, άγων. Successfully, κα7Μς. SvlS&C, πάσχω ; — death, αποθνήσκω. Summit, άκρον. Summon, καλέω. Sun, ipuoq. Supperless, αδειπνος. Support, τρί:ψω. Surmount, νπερβά?ιλω. Surpass, υπερέχω. Surprise, be surprised, θαυμάζω. Surrender, παραδίδωμι. Surround, περιέχω. Suspect, ΰποπτευω. Suspicion, υποψία. Swear, — falsely, έπιορ- Sweat, ίόρώς. Sweet, ήύί'ς, agreeable in a very wide sense ; γ?ιυκνς, prop, sweet to the taste. Sword, short — , άκινά- κης. yracusan, Συρακόσιος. Syrian, Σί'ριος; Σύρος. Τ. Table, τράπεζα. Take, λαμβάνω ; — place, γίγνομαι ; — away, άφαφέω ; — part in an expedition, στρα- τεύομαι. Talent, τάλαντον. Targeteer, πε/ιταστ?/ς. Taste, γεϋσις; γεύομαι. Teacher, διδάσκαλος. Tegea, Ύεγέα. Team, ζεύγος. Tell, ?.έγω; είπον, told. Temple, νεώς ; robber of temples, ιερόσυλος. Ten, δέκα ; — thousand, μϋριοι. Tent, σκηνή. Terrify, έκπλήττ< Test, βάσανος. Than, ή. That, εκείνος, demon. pron. ; οτι, in indir. disc; 'ίνα, ως^ 'όπως, in the sense of in order that; μή, after verbs of fearing ; so — , ώστε ; or would — , εΐϋε. The, 0, ή, TO. Theatre, ϋέατρον. Theft, κλοπή. Their, often by the article ; sometimes by αυτών, gen. plur. of αυτός. Them, oblique cases of αυτός in the plur. Themistocles, Οεμιστο- κλής. Themselves, εαυτών, reflex. ; αυτοί, intens. like ijise. Then, τότε, of time ; δή, inferential ; ένθα, thereupon ; and — , είτα δέ. Thence, εντεύθεν. There, ενταύθα, of place ; when merely expletive not to be translated ; from — , εντεύθεν ; be — , πά- ρειμι. Therefore, ουν, άρα, or τοίνυν. Thereupon, ενταύθα or ένθα. Thermopylae, θερμό- πυ'λαι. These, see This. Thief, <ρώρ. Think, νομίζω or οΐμαι. Third, τρίτος. Thirty, τριάκοντα. This, οντος or οδε, ξ 148, Ν. 1. Those, see That- Thought, take — in re- turn, άντεπιμελέομαι. Thousand, χίλιοι ; txoo — , δισ χίλιοι- ten — , μνριοι. Thrace, Θράκη. Thracian, θραξ. Three, τρεΙς; — hun- dred, τριακόσιοι. Through, διά. Throw, ρίπτω ; — in, έμβάλ?ι,ω. Thus, ώδε, in the sense of as follows. Tiara, στλεγγίς. Tigris, Τίγρης. Time, χρόνος, in gen- eral ; ώρα, season, hour ; proper — , και- ρός ; at that — , τότε ; each — , εκάστοτε ; in — , ευκαίρως ; at the same — with, άμα with D. Tissaphernes, Ύισσα- (Ι)έρν?/ς To 285 Well-disposed To, εΙς, έ-ί, τταρά, ως, or -^ζρός. Toil, πόνος ; full of — , 7το?Λ~ονος. Tongue, γ/.ώσσα. Too, άγαν. Toreli, /.αμττάς. Touch, άόη ; άτττομαι. Towards, εττί w. G. Tower, τίρσις. Track, Ιχνιον. Traitor, τζροδότης. Transgress, -αραβαίνω or άμαρτάνω. Transport, διαβιβάζω. Treason, -ροδοσία. Treasure, θησαυρός. Treat, χράομα:. Treaty, σ-ονδαί or σνν- Θί/Κ7]. Tree, δένδρον. Trench, τάφρος. Tribute, δασμός. Trireme, τριήρης. Trojan, Τρωικός. Trophy, τρότταιον. Trouble, ταράττω er ανιαω. Troy, Ύροία. Truce, σ~ονδαί. True, αληθής. Trumpet, σάλτ-ιγξ. Trust, τζιστείω or ττέ- ^οιβα. Truth, speak the — , αληθεύω. Try, ετΓίχειρέω or ττει- ράομαι. Tumult, θόρυβος. Tunic, χιτών. Turn, τρέτνω or στρέφω. Twenty, είκοσι. Two, δί•υ ; — ihousand, δισχΊ7^οι. Tyrant, τίφαννος. υ. Under, ν-ό. Underneath, he — , ν~ειμι. Understanding, σννε- σις. Undertaking, ττράξις^ ττράγμα, or έργον. Uneducated, άτταίδεν- τος. Unfinished, άτε/.ής. Unfortunate, ατυχής or δνστνχής. Unguarded, αφύλακτος. Unjust, άδικος. Unless = if not. Unprepared, άτταρα- σκίίαστος. Unprincipled, πονηρός. Unseaworthy, ά77?Μος. Unseemly, αισχρός. Until, μέχρι, άχρι, έστε, έως, or ττρίν. Up, — along, ανά. Upon, έ-ί. Uprightness, δικαιοσύ- νη. Uproar, θόρυβος. Urge, κελενω. Us, see I. Use, make — of, χράο- μαι. Useful, χρήσιμος. V. Valor, αρετή. Vast, ττολνς. Vengeance, take — on, άττυτίνομαι or τιμωρέο- μαι. Very, μά/Μ. Vex, λυττίω. Vicious, πονηρός. Victorious, he — ,νίκάω. Vigilant, ί-ιμε7.ής. Vigorously, Ισχυρώς. Village, κώμη ; vUlarjc- chief, κωμάρχης. Villager, κωμήτης. Vine, άμπε7.ος. Violate, παραμε7Λω. Violently, βιαίως. Virtue, αρετή. Voice, ύωνή. Voyage, πλόης w. Wagon, άμαξα ; passa- ble by wagons, άμαξι^ τός. Wailing, οδνρμός. Wait, περιμένω ; — for, αναμένω or περιμένω. Wall, τείχος ; build a — to intercept, άπο- τειχίζω. War, πόλεμος; at — , πολέμιος ; — or make — , πολεμέω. Ward, — off, άμί•νω. Watchword, σύνθημα. Water, νδωρ ; fetch — , νδροφορέω. Way, . οδός ; give — , έκκ/ύνω ; give — to, πείθομαι ; in this — , όντως. Weak, ασθενής. Wealth, πλούτος. Wear, έχω ; — out, κα- τατρΊβω. Weep, δακρνω. Weight, βάρος. Well, ευ or κα?Μς; it is — , καλώς έχει. Well-armed, ε'υοπ?Μς. Well-born, ευγενής. Well-disposed, είνυος. Wet 286 Zeus Wet, βρέχ(^' What, τις, inter.; ος, rel. ; 'όστις, gen. rel. and indir. inter. Whatever, 'όστις. When, ως, ειτεί, or επει- δή. Whence, πόθεν. Whenever, οπότε or επειδή. Where, ένθα or 'όπη. WTierefore, ώστε. Wherever, 'όπου. Whether, ει. Which, 'ός. Whichever, όπότερης. Whip, μάστιξ. White, ?ιενκός. Whither, ποί. Who, τίς, inter. ; 'ός, rel. Whole, 'όλος or πάς. Whosoever, 'ός. Why, τι. Width, είφος. Wife, γννί/. Wild, άγριος ; — beast, Οηρίον. Willing, he — , εθείω. Wind, άνεμος. Wine, οίνος. Wing, κέρας. Winter, χειμών. Wisdom, σοφία. Wise, σοφός. Wish.,i0tXu or βοΰλομαι With, συν, έχων ; — the aid of, συν ; — respect to, προς. Withdraw, αποσπάω or άναχωρέω. Within, είσω, indicates the motion of going into the place ; ένδον, in the sense of in the inside, without im- plying such motion ; εντός, prop, inwardly, but sometimes as a prep. AV. G. Without, άνευ ; — breakfast, άνάριστυς. Witness, μάρτυς. Wolf, λ'νκος. Woman, γννή ; old — , γρανς ; Cilician — , Κίλισσα. Wonder, θαυμάζω. Wonderful, θαυμαστός. Wooden, ξύλινος. Word, λόγος ; bring or carry back — , απαγ- γέλλω; send — , παραγ- γέλλω ; pass tlie — to one another, διαγγέλ- λω. Work, εργάζομαι. Worse, c. of κακός. Worsted, be — , ήττάο- μαι. Worthy, άξιος. Would, — that, είθε or ft γάρ. Wound, τιτρύσκω Write, γράφω. Wrong or do — , άδι- κέω ; wrong-doing, αμαρτία Χ. Xenias, 'ξενίας. Xenophon, Ξενοφών. Υ. Year, ένιαυτός. Yet, not — , ονπω or μί/πω ; and — , καίτοι. Yield, νφίεμαι. You, συ. Young, νέος; — man, νεανίας. Your or yours, σός or υμέτερος, and often by the gen. of συ. Yourself, σεαυτοϋ, re- flex. ; αυτός, intens. like ipse. Youth, νεότης. Ζ. Zealous, πρόθυμος. Zeus, Ίεΰς. Pkesswork by GIN Ν & COMPANY, Boston. GREEK TEXT-BOOKS. Goodwin's Greek Grammar. By WiLLLAJM W. GooDWix. Ph.D., Eliot Professor of Greek Literature in Harvard College. Revised and Enlarged Edition. Published io December, 1879. 12mo. Half morocco. 425 pages. Mailing Price, S1.U5; Introduction, 61.50; AlloAvance for old book, 50 cents. rpiIE object of this Grammar is to state general principles clearly and distinctly, with special regard to those who are preparing for college. In the new edition many important changes have been made. The part relating to the inflection of the Verb has been entirely rewritten, and increased from fifty to one Imndred pages. Part III., on the Formation of Words, has been added in this edition. Part v., on Versification, is almost entirely new, and follows to a great extent the principles of J. H. H. Schmidt's Rhythmic and Metric. The other parts, especially the Syntax, have been thor- oughly revised, and numerous additions have been made. The Catalogue of A^erbs has been greatly enlarged, and each verb is now referred to its proper class in the classification of G. Curtius, which is adopted in the Grammar itself. The sections on the Syntax of the Verb are generally condensed from the author's larger work on the Greek Moods and Tenses, to which advanced students, and especially teachers, are referred for a fidler exposition of many matters \vhich are merely hinted at in the Elementary Grammar. This new edition has been published also by Macmillan & Co. in London, and is commended by British authorities as '• the best Greek Grammar of its size in the English language." Martin L. D'Ooge, Professor of Greek in the University of Michigan: The Grammar, it seems to me, hits and clearly. Its treatment of the in- flection of the verb is especially skil- ful and clear. I know of no Greek the exact mean between a book of grammar for English-speaking stu- reference and a bare outline. It dents that combines so many merits gives results concisely and yet fully I iu so attractive a form. GREEK TEXT-BOOKS. 49 White's First Lessons in Greek. Prepared to accompany Goodwin's Greek Grammar, and designed as an Introduction either to his Greek Reader or to his Selections irom Xeno- phou and Herodotus, or to the Anabasis of Xenophon. By John Wil- liams White, Ph.D., Professor of Greek in Harvard University. 12mo. Half morocco, χ + 286 pages. Mailing Price, $1.30; Introduction, $1.20; Allowance for old book, 25 cents. Λ SERIES of eighty lessons, with progressive Greek-English "^^ and English-Greek Exercises, to^ew mainly from the first foui looks of Xenophon's Anabasis. The Exercises consist wholly of complete sentences, followed by a series of Additional Exercises on Forms, and complete Vocabularies. These lessons are care- fully graded, and do not follow the order of arrangement of the Grammar, but begin the study of the verb with the second lesson, and then pursue it alternately with that of the remaining parts of speech. Alexander Kerr, Prof, of Greek, University of Wisconsi7i: The best book for beginners which I have ever examined. E. H. "Wilson, Prin. of High School, Middletown, Conn. : It is the best book for beginners in Greek I have ever used. Leighton's New Greeli Lessons. With references to Hadley's Greek Grammar as well as to Goodwin's New Greek Grammar. Intended as an introduction to Xenophon 's Anabasis or to Goodwin's Greek Reader. By R. F. Leighton. Ph.D. (Lips.), Principal Brooklyn High School, N.Y. 12mo. Half morocco. Mailing Price, $1.3Q ; Introduction, $1.20 ; Allowance, 25 cents. Λ BOUT seventy easy and well-graded lessons, both Greek and "^ English, introduce the pupil to the first book of Xenophon's Anabasis, from which the Exercises and Vocabularies are mainly selected. The amount of matter to be translated into Greek is sufficient to prepare a student for most American colleges. M. W. 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Until Professor AVhite's Illustrated Vocabulary is ready, Profes- sor Crosby's complete Lexicon will be bound with this edition. Goodwin's Greeti Reader. Edited by Professor W. ΛΥ. GooDWiy, of Harvard University. 12mo. Half morocco. 384 pages. Mailing Price, 31.65 ; Introduction, .Sl.50; Allowance, 25 cents. r^OXSISTIXG of Selections from Xenophon, Plato, Herodotus, and Thucydides ; being the full amount of Greek Prose required for admission to Harvard University. "With colored maps, notes, and references to the revised and enlarged edition of Goodwin's Greek Grammar. B. L. Cilley, Professor of Greek, I written, and, what I think much of, Phillips Exeter Academy : The selec- the type is clear and the book looks tions are good, the notes are well I attractive. Cebes' Tablet Edited with Introduction, Notes, Vocabulary, and Grammatical Ques- tions, by RicHAKD Parsons, Professor of Greek, Ohio Wesleyan Uni- versity. 12mo. Cloth. 94 pages. Mailing Price, 85 cents ; for intro- duction, 75 cents. npHIS little volume has arisen from a belief that Cebes' Tablet deserves a higher recognition than it has received. In con- firmation of this claim, editions based upon more modern data and research have recently appeared in Germany and England. In its preparation the works of Schweighatiser, Simpson, Drosihn, BUchling, and Jerram have been consulted, besides some minor GREEK TEXT-BOOKS. 51 editions prepared for school and gymnasium use. The monographs of Drosihn {Die Zeit des P'lnax) and of Dr. Carl Muller on the manuscript authorities (De arte critica ad Cehetis Tabulam adhi- benda) have been of service. Besides being an entertaining and instructive allegory, in the form of a lively dialogue, Cebes' Tablet is moderately easy to con- strue, and not above the comprehension of a boy of fourteen. As a drill-book on forms and constructions, especially on inter- rogatives and conditional sentences, the work should come into use, to say nothing of its own intrinsic excellence. Particular attention is invited to the feature of questions. It should be put into the hands of beginners in their second or third term's work as an alternative book to the Anabasis, which is in parts a little too military and tedious. Geo. A. "Williams, Professor of Greek, Cook Academy, Havana, N.Y.: It seems admirably adapted to supplement the regular work in the Anabasis, or to take the place of an equivalent of the latter. {Aug. 25, 1887.) A. K. Wells, Professor of Greek, Aniioch College, Yelloio Springs, O. : I am well pleased with it, and shall certainly use it next term with my beginning class. The Anabasis never seemed to me interesting enough to the average student to make a fit introduction to Greek literature. I think the Tablet will meet my need exactly. {Nov. 11, 1887.) Selections from Xenophon and Herodotus. With Notes adapted to the revised edition of Goodwin's Greek Grammar, and copperplate maps. Edited l)y W. W. Goodwin, Ph.D.. LL.D., Eliot Professor of Greek Literature, and John Williams AVhite, Ph.D., Professor of Greek in Harvard College. 12mo, Half morocco, vii + 397 pages. Mailing Price, $1.65; for introduction, $1.50. Greek Inflection. By B. F. Harding, Teacher of Greek in St. Paul's School, Concord, N.H. 12mo. Cloth. 54 pages. Mailing Price, 55 cents; for introduction, 50 cents. T\ESTGNED to economize time for the teacher, by furnishing a large number of words for ready use, as paradigms, in the class-room, and at the same time to suggest a systematic and scl• entiiic treatment of the noun and verb. 52 GliEEK TEXT-BOOKS. Goodwin's Greek Moods and Tenses. By William W. αοοολτίΝ, Ph.D., Eliot Professor of Greek Literature in Harvard University. Seventh Edition, Revised and Enlarged. iL'mo. Cloth. 271» pages. 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