^k£m?m;ijrimn'-e^r/&^ca!M/u^ Ciai H I S T O R O F T H E RISE and FALL MASAN lELL THE Fi s H E R M A N of Naples^ CONTAINING An Exad and Impartial Relation of thd Tumults and Popular Inilirredions, that happened in that Kingdom, (in the Year 1647 .) on Account of the Tax upon Fruits. CoileBed from Authentick Memoirs and Manufcripts. By F. M I D 2-^, jun^ ' ^elle horrible inhumamte que d ^arrach sr dux hommes^ four des deffeins pleins de fafts ^ d^^mbition^ les doux fruits de Id terre, quils fte tiennent que de la Uberale Nature (^ de U fueur de leur front I Avan. deTELEM. Lib. XI L LONDON: Printed for C.DAVf9p mTaternoPer^Ro-ji^^ and To G K h F N, .4iear Cbaring-Crofi. To the Right Honourable JOHN, Ld. Vifcount Tyrconnel, Baron of CharleviUe, and Knt. of the moft Honourable Order of the Bath. CMy LORD, M Take the Liberty H B to prefent Majani- Ki^ eUo to Tour Lord. Jhip, with a, certain Af- A 3 furance^ G85S( ii Dedication. furance, that under Your Prote(5lion, he'll meet with a more human Treatment here, than formei*ly he did from his own Countrymen, who rewarded all his paft Services with the higheft Ingratitude. And indeed, My Lord, where could* the Hiftory of this Brave Patriot find a fitter Patron than Tour Lord/hip, who are fo great a Cheriiher of Learning, and fo fincere a Lover of Your Country. The Learned of the ^u- gufictn Age infcribed their Labours to Meccenas un- der Dedication, iil der vvhofe Favour they flouriilied : How much more is Tour Lordjhip in. titled to luch a Tribute, while verfed in niofl: of the pohte Languages, and learned in all the ufeful Branches of Knowledge, You contribute no lefs to the Progrefs of Literature, by the Influence of Your great Example, than by Your generous Encourage- ment of it. Thus far, Mj Lord, I dare fet in View a Cha- pter which YourModefty A ^ en- iv Dedication. endeavours to conceal It were now ufelefs to con- iider Tour Lordjhip in Your Publick Capacities ; for I am fure there is no True Patriot who is not fufficiently convinced that he is truly and faithfully reprefented by You in the Great Council of the Na- tion. Every one knows with what generous Views, vath what Roman - like Sentiments, You always purfue, in that Augufl AfTembly, the Welfare of Great Britain^ and the ^'rofperity of the Vrote- ficin% - Dedication. v Jiant Succefiion ; a bright, a wonderful Example of Heroifm, which neither the Allurements of Inte- reft or Ambition, nor the Prejudices of contending Parties have yet been able to ftagger or to obfcure. But I ftar, the Faintnefs of my Defcription, will rather injure, than ^tt oiF Tour Lordjhip's Noble Charader. I leave the Task therefore to an abler Pen ; and in the mean while beg Tow Lord/hip's favourable Acceptation of MafanieUo, upon this Ac, count only, that he loved his vi Dedication. his Country and died for it. I am with a profound Submiflion, ijMy Lord, Tour Lordjhip's mosi humhle, moB obedient and devoted Servant y Francis Midon, TO Vt^yjyjJ^/yy'J.ry^M/yj'yj'M!j'yjw,-^^,yyj-//'yyy,'j/////.^//^^^^ T O T H E R E A D E F all the flrayjge Events and TranfaiHions that have '^^^^ happened in differ ent A^ges. of the U'^orldy there is certainly none more extraordi7tarj and jiirpnztng either in ttfelf^ or its Circumflances^ than the Rije of Malaniello^ and the Commotions "which he fomented in the Kingdom of Naples^, in the Tear 164.7. And jet ^ ("which is very flrange ) there is ' fcarce any Tart of Hi/fory "which we have a ^ ^ ^ kfs viii To the Reader. lefs tolerable Account of than of this. Several Authors have indeed treated on this Subjecij in French^ in Latin^ and in Italian : But many of therriy hyajjed bj this^ or by that Tarty^ have ^iPjntten as their oppof.te interefls fuggefled to them^ and by an unjufi Tarlicdhyy rep'efented Things to the Advantage only oj that particular FaSiion they adhered to. Others, tho'* mm'e (tnctrc^ have^ thrGngb a hlarneable inadvertency^ or rather for JVant of due Information y orratted je- veral Tajfages oj the greatcB Ln- iwtance^ ^ipjhilsl they d^well tedioujly u^on jiich as are minute and far lejs ^worthy of Obfervation. And mother Sort agam^ though ^erloap neither fo -partial as the jormcr, nor fo ignorant 06 the latter^ hmje neverthelefs ^ fluff e J their Relations with Jo many f reign and irn^ertinmt "Digrcjjlons , and croiprded the Incidents they treat of, %pjitj:) Jo little Order ami Method, that they To the Reader. ix they give no manner of Tleafttre or Satisja6lton to their Readers. Such is Alexander Gir^ffy's Htjhry of the Revolutions (^/Naples, in vuhich^ tho the Author ( to do him ^uflice ) u fometimes very exadj ef^ecially in Matters of lefs Moment^ yet^ hcftdes the Faults before mentioned^ he u not €P<:em^t from manifeff Contradiciions and Ahfurditiesj fome of the mcM material oj qsuhich I have taken JSIo" tice of in its p^o^cr Tlace. In the Tear 1650, the ingenious Mr. How- el 5 ^ubltJJjed his Cr an flat ion of this Author^ "isinth a Succefs^ far different from that of his other IVorhs ; and that Tranflation is the only Thing that I have met with u£on this Subject in Engliflh. Thefe are the Motives that induced me to this Undertaking; and to make it as com^leat as pjfible^ I have con^ fidted the bcB Memoirs and Manu^ fcri£ts X To the Reader. fcrips I could light upon y hut^ as they are very fcarcCy and for the moB "part quite unknown to an Englidi Header^ I thmk it altogether unne- cejjary to mention them, ImuSi own however^ that as I look upon the Count oj Modena to have ^written "-with more Candour and Impartiality than any printed Author upon this Suhje<^^ I h^ve generally given him the Pre^ jerence "where he diners from other HijJorianSj unlejs indeed there wm an apparent Cauje of doing otherwife. But 1 thmk my [elf particularly ohli^ gcdy (and am even proud) to ackno w^ ledge ^ that I received no mconfiderable /iffiflance from a Manufcri^t^ which ^jos communicated to me by a learned Gentleman^ the Author of it^ ivhofe Islame^ could I obtain his Leave to infert it here^ would, do the greateH Honour to nie and to this Terfor^ mancc, ' To the Reader. xi To conclude^ I have endeavoured to Jet forth the Hiftory of Mafaniello in its true and genuine Light, I have cos little CIS ^offible interru^ed the Thread of the Narration ruuith idle and p'olix ^Digrefjions or Refie^iions ; nor (as I ho£e) ^wtU the Stile of it appear any^^whcre forced or affeSed. But T have chiefly jludied to avoid the Imputation of "Partiality which other IVriters upon this Subject have been jo jujlly taxed "with. After aU^ I am fir from pretending to be free my f elf from Faults and Imperfe6ttonSy and therefore if any of them fhould be animadverted upon me^ I Jhall en-- deavour to reSitfy them^ and in the mean Time ^willingly fubmit ^jfelf to the Cenfure of the Tubltch. P. S. The Reader is de fired not to take Offence at certain hpithcts^ he may jom£times meet with in the fol^ lozmng IVorhyfuch as The moft holy xii To the Reader. Mother of Carmine jTh^ holy Hoft, &c. They "were occajtoned by the Au-- thors foUowing too clofely^ the Origin nals he had before him : But^ as he "wm not fenJJble of bis Miflakcj till the Sheets ' "were ^rinted^ he ho£eSy this Acknowledgment "will Jujfice to protecH him from any RefleiHtons that might be caB on him u^on that Ac" comtt TH£ THE P R EFAC E By Way of iNTROTfUCTIOM. H E ancient Kingdoiii of Naples^ after man/ Changes and RevolutM ons, fubmitted to the Power of the Houfe of Atifirta, The Neupoli* tans were d great Support to this II-^ luftrious Family, and by large attd voluntary Cotithbutions, gave the \\U moft Evidence of Fidelity and Obedi*« ence to it. They irelievcd ^ ; . Alphonfo I. by a free Im-< /, y^mh abZ^ pofition of ten * Carlihes ^^- ' 5?^ g T7» Ai 1 our Money* upon every rire through the whole Territory; five Carllne^ Werig added and fettled Upon Ferdi^ Mud and his Succeflbrs for cv^r i and B by a Tht Preface hy Way of by Degrees the Tax was raifed to 66 'uly, i6^j. Carlines, which is paid to this Day, and amounts to Three Millions of Gold yearly. Nor was this fufficient to ex- prefs their Afrtction to the Auflrian Line; for they fnpplied Charles V. with ten Donatives that came to Five Millions. Tbili^ 11. was prefented wath 3 3 Donatives amounting to Thirty Millions; and Th'tlip III. and IV. w^ere affifted from the Year i^x8, to the Year i 647, with a hundred Millions and more. But the People fuffered by the Generolity of their Governours ; they w^ere opprefled with heavy Exadions; and at laft all Commodities were tax'd to raife thefe Subfidies ; the neceflary Provifions for the Support of Life grew dear, which begot popular Dif- contents, which at length were fo in- flamed, that Tumults and Infurrections followed, attended with Murder and Bloodlhed, and other Outrages that are the natural Confequences of po- pular Fury and Diftraftion. His Majefty K. Thiltp IV. of Spain w^as very fenfible of the AfFeftion of the Neapolitans^ who, without confider- ing the Weaknefs and Inability of the People, refolved to prefent him with a new Introduction. ^ new Donative: But all Commodities be-» ing already taxed , it was difficult to contrive a Method to raife the Money, fo that they were obliged in the prc^ fent Neceffity to lay a Gabel (or Tax) upon Fruits : All Ibrts were included, as well dry as green; as Mulberries, Grapes , Figgs , Apples , Pears and Plumbs; whereby the common fort of People were deprived of their ufiial Nourifliment and Support, and reduced to the loweft Mifery and Dillrels. This Gabel was collected with Severity for feven Months ; but it grew at laft in- fupportable; infomuch, that many poor Wretches having fold all their Houfe-* hold Stuff, even the very Bed they ufcd to lie upon, to pay Part of the Tax, were often obliged to prorciri-t^ .their Wives and Daughters to the Mi- nifters of the Gabels, only to obtain a ihort Refpite for the Payment of the Remainder : The Kingdom, therefore, r^folved to bear the Burden no longer, and to difcharge herfelf not only of .this, but of all other Taxes former] y impofed; and the Defign had Succefs beyond ExpeSation. Nature has csr- tainly fixed ftrong Imprellions of Li- fberty in the Minds of Men; They B 2, arc 4 The Pre f ac e hy Way of are unwilling to bring their Necks tinder the Yoke ; and tho' they are lifed with Moderation and Tendernels, they ixt fcarce confined within the Bounds of Obedience; but Slavery and Oppreffion make them mad ; and Po- verty begets Defpair ; fo that Tacitus obferved juftly, that the People rufli upon Precipices and Deftrudion, when heavy Loads and Exaftions are laid upon them. The Royal City of Naples is full t)f People, and many Families were undone by the Weight of Taxes ; but this Gabel upon Fruit was the greateft Grievance, and they refolved not to indure it. They had often by their Agents, reprefented the Hardfhips of this Ad, to the moft Excellent the Duke of Arcos^ Viceroy of the King- dom ; the Women and Children wou*d often meet him in the Street, and tvith miferable Cries and Lamentations beg of him to releale the Gabel ; and the Citizens of Lavinaro^ and other Quarters, placed themfelves in Com- panies, as he paffed upon a Day thro* the Market-Place, to pay his Devotion tQ the moft holy Mother of Carmine^ at the Church of the Carmelites^ and pe- Introduction. 5 petitioned him in a Body, to remit the Tax. The Viceroy feeing himfelf fur-^ rounded by fiich a Multitude of Men, Women and Children, who, with up- lifted Hands, begg'd Relief, was forced, to appeafe them, to Hop his Coach, and promife that in a Day or two he would give them Satisfaftion. Upon the Sunday following as he was going to the Church aforefaid, he obferved a great Diibrder and Murmuring among the People ; who did not petition him as before, but peremptorily demanded a Releafe of the Tax, and threatned him in cafe of Denial: Thefe were Prefages of the Commotions that fol- lowed. The Viperoy was fo terrified, that he promifed to take off the Ga- bel, and return d with fuch Apprehen- iions of Fear to his Palace, that he wou'd venture no more to go Xo the Church of Carmine^ and would not fuffer the Feftival of St. John the Baftijt to be celebrated, that us'd to be annually iplemnized at Naples:^ and this he did, to prevent any Dif- turbance that might arife from fo vaft a Concourfe of People, when they were got together in one Placf, Some 6 r/:?^ Preface lyJVayof Some Time after, Father Don Ste^ fano Tepa^ one of the moft famous Preachers of the Order of the Theatins^ who had feveral Congregations under his Care ; by Means of which, his In- fluence was great over the People, affured the Viceroy, in a private Con- ference he had with him , that he could perceive by the Confeflions that were made to him, that they were exafperated to a very high Degree; efpecially on Account of the Fruit- Tax, which feem'd to be leveled at the poor People alone; whereas all former Gabels and Impofitions were equally born by all the feveral Mem- bers of the State : He told his Ex- cellency, 'twas to be feared that thefe Complaints were the^ Fore-runners of an Infurrcftion , and therefore prayed him to aboliih the Gabel upon Fruit, telling him, that he made no Quef- tion, but as foon as the People fhould be exonerated of this Burden , they w^ould return to their former Duty and Obedience. Yet, notwithftandlng this wholefome Advice, the Viceroy, who was natu- rally indolent, and unfixed in his Re- folutions, neglecled doing any thing Introduction. 7 in this Affair, thinking it would drop of itfelf : But he was greatly mifta^ ken ij for the Populace, inraged , that the Gabel, contrary to the Promife given them, ftill continued, began to grow outragious ; they now proceed to Action ^ and upon a Night, they fet Fire to a Baracca of Powder, in the Market-Place where the Fruit-Tax was exafted; this they did again, and the Damage was afterwards repaired at the publick Charge. The Incendiaries were at Work to enrage and blow up the Fire ; fliarp and bitter Invectives, fiill of popular Grievances, were publifh'd and difpers'd ; the publick Officers were threatned with Ruin and Death; and thefe infolent Libels were fixed in the mofl publick Places of the City. .But what gave the greatefl Encou- ragement to the Rioters, was the Ex- ample of the Sicilians^ efpecially thofc of Talermo^ who had by Force of Arms and popular Infurredions, ob- tained from the moft Excellent the Marquis of Velez, Viceroy of that Kingdom, a Releafe of the principal Taxes, and a Moderation of the reft. He afterwards gave them a general Pardon for all ExcefTes and Outrages 5 B 3 is'-c 8 The Preface by Way of for opening of Prifons, for MurtherSj Thefts, for taking up Arms in thd Country, and other Offences ; fo that the People of Naples taking Courage from the Succefs of their Neighbours, thought they had a Right to the fame Treatment , and infifted upon their Merits, pleading, that they were a free-born People, and had by their lionatives, contributed largely to the Support and Grandeur of the Spanijh Monarchy. There were two Acts of Grace publifhed in Sicily^ in Favour of the People. IJiS Excellency by this frefent A6t^ -( -^ to he always in Force ^ does take ojf a7td abolijh to Terfetiiity^ the Tax idpon Meal^ fVine, Oil^ Flejh and Cheefe.^ throughout all this City and Territory pf Palermo for ever, ' In Palermo, this i\ft ofM.2ij^ ^^^7- The Marquis of Velez. Suhfcribed by all the Officers of the Patrimony, and like^ wife by the Civil and Cri- minal Court^ and by the principal Notary of the K'in^dom, ^ THE , Introduction. 9 n'^HE Trifons of the Vicaria being -* this Night broke o^en, and the ^rifoners fit at Liberty^ and his Excellency being finjible that the Tri- finers therein contained were inno^ cent, he does by this frefint AEi fardon all and every one of the faid Vrifoners ; and alfo his Excellency does acquit and fardon thofe who were found unreleasd in the faid Trifons : His Excellency does moreover give Grace and Tardon upon the Word and Faith of a King, to all the faid TrifonerSy as well for the T^elin^ quency of Flighty as for all other delinquencies for which they wer^ imprifond. The Marquis of Velez. ^on Livo Pente, Trefident of J u ft ice. Thefe Privileges and Immunities ob- tained by the Sicilians^ fpirited up the People of Naples , who refolved to recover the fame Freedom; and you cou'd not pafs the Streets without hear- ing , What, are not we as valuable Stibje^s as thofe of Palermo ? Are not we equally formidable and brave, if we could but unite to redrefs our * • Gr/V- I o The Preface by Way of Grievances ? Let us lye no longer under our Burdens : T)eath is more acceptable than Mifery : To Arms -^ To Arms: Let us rife as one Man, and that inflantly : There's nothing like the frefeiTt Moment ; our Time is fre^ cious ; delays may breed "Danger, The Streets rung with thefe and inch mu- tinous Expreffions ; and the fame Fer- ment was kept up in Clubs and Ca- bals, where the People met and gave Vent to their Paflions, by threatning their Governours, and encouraging one another to fhake off their Chains, and recover themfelves into a Free. State. The Viceroy was foon made acquainted with theie Diforders; and finding Mat- t^ers growing ripe for an Infurreftion, frequently alTembled the fix Quarters or Precinfts of the City, confifting of the fifth Part of the Gentry, and the fixth of the People ; to advife againft the Dangers that threatned, and by ail Means to take off the Gabel upon Fruits, which was the greateft Grie- vance. This Propofal was very agree- able to the Populace ; and had it immediately been executed, would have prevented the Calamities that followed; but becaufe it would have been preju- dicial Introduction. ii dicial to the Farmers^ the Defign had no Succefs : For thefe Publicans iifed ail their Intereft with the Vifitor- General of the Kingdom, to prevail upon the Viceroy, to continue the Tax 'till the Month of Augufl following ; and to this End, they prefented his Lady with Fifteen Thoufand Ducats. The Vifitor, not able to refill the Gold, perfuaded the Viceroy to continue the Tax not- withftanding his Promife; and for his own private Advantage, infinuated that it would reflect upon his Honour, to fubmit to the infolenc Importunities of a Mob, confifting of a few Rafcally Fellows, who made all the Noile to throw every Thing in Confufion, that they might the better fifli in troubled Waters; and therefore he advis'd him to repair the ToU-houfe for Fruit that was burn'd down ; which he did, but relolved at the fame Time to take off the Tax, and find out a Way to qua- lify the Heats of the difcontented People on the one Side, and the No- bility, Gentry and Merchants of Naples on the other, who had advanced to the Publick upon that Gabel, above Six Hundred Thoufand Crowns on Ac- count of the Capital Million, and Eighty II The Preface^ Sec. Eighty five Thoufand Crowns of annual Rent. This Healing Scheme was told abroad to the Difad vantage of the Government; and the jealous Populace fufpecled, that in the Place of the Gabel upon Fruit, a new Tax was to be levied upon Corn and Wine, which threw them into the utmoft Rage; and they gave out, that they would fooner die than fufFer fuch Impofitions, and in- filled, that the Gabel upon Fruit fliould be quite aboliftted, and no new Burden laid, to pay off the Debt that was con- traded upon it. Affairs being in this Pofture, and e- very Thing concurring to a Rebellion, an Opportunity unexpectedly offer 'd upon the 7th of J^fyy in the Year I 647, that fully anfwer'd the Purpofe. The Account that I Ihall give of it, will proceed regularly from Day to Day, and nothing ftiall be related but what comes from Authority and good Cre- dentials; that fo furprizing an Event may appear exadly in the Manner it was brought about; and be faithfully tranfmittcd , for the Improvement and Information of Pofterity. THE THE H I STO RY OF THE RISE and FALL O F MASSANIELLO, THE FiJlierman of Naples. Young Fellow about Z4 Years old, happened to live in a Corner of the great Market - Place of Naples^ of a fprightly, aftive Difpofition, plea- fant and humorous, of a confident^ bold Addrefs, and of a middle Stature^ black- ey'd, 14. Rise and ¥all of eyM, Iharp and piercing, his Body ra- ther lean than fat, with fliort cropped Hair, and a Mariner's Cap upon his Head : He wore long Linnen Slops or Drawers, a blue Waiftcoat, and went bare-foot; but he had a daring, enter- prizing Countenance, and a good Share of ftern Refolution and rough Cou- rage, as the Confequences will foon ihew. He got his Living by angling for fmall Filh with a Cane, Hook and Line, and fometimes he bought Fifh in the Market , and retailed them to his Neighbours w^ho lived near him ; in fhort , he was one of thofe whom the Neapolitans call Tefcivendoli : The Name of this poor Fellow was Tomafo Anello of Amalfi^ but vulgarly and by Contraction called Majfaniello, He lived in a Corner of the Market-Place, and it ftrangely happened, that under one of the Windows of his Houfe, wxre fixed the Arms and the Name of Charles V. of a very antient {landing; and this was underftood to be a my- fterious Prefage of what happened af- terwards ; that this Retailer of Filh, as he would often fay pleafantly him- felf, fiiould reftore the City to a State oi Exemption and Liberty, and re- cover Massaniello. 15 cover and eftablifti the Charter of Pri- vileges, that were granted by that great and invincible Monarch to the People of Naples. Give me Leave to obferve upon this Occafion, that about a Hundred Yeats fince, in the Year 1547, (as John An- tonio gives the Account in his Neapo- litan Hiftory) there was a violent Dii^ turbance under the Adminiftration of Don Tero de Toledo^ occafioncd by the Tribunal of the Holy Inqui/ition^ which Thtlip 11. defigned to introduce. There ftarted up at that Time a Maf* famello^ who put himfelf at the iflead of the Mob; he was a Sorrentine and a Banditto Captain, and was princi- pally concerned in raifing and keeping up the Tumults. But tho' the Nobi- lity, at that Time, engaged and aded in Concert with the People, thofe Com- motions were attended with no great Misfortunes , nor was the Ferment of any long Continuance. And if the Nobles and the People had united at this Time, it would certainly have pre- vented many of the Calamities that followed thro' the Heat and Violence on both Sides. For how can the Com- mon-wealth fuffer more than by the i6 Rise and Fall of Difcord and Diffention of the Inhabi- tants ? What was the Ruin of Carthage^ but the two violent Faftions of the Barchiniani and the Hannoniani ? What was the Caufe of a War in France for above Sixty Years, but the Contention between theHoufes oi Bur^ gundy and Orleans? What occafioned lo much Defolation to the Kingdom of England^ when fo much Blood was Ipilt, and fo many dreadful Battles were fought, whereia Eighty Princes of the illuftrious Blood were flain, but the Faftion kept up between the Houfes of Tork and Lancajier ? And what confounded and deftroyed the Happi- nefs and Tranquility of the Florentine Republick, but the Difference between the Families of Bianchi and Keri ? In ftiort, fo deftrudive as a Fever is to the Body natural, fo fatal is Sedition and Tumult to a City or a Kingdom. A City is fitly compared to a Ship, and Divilions are the Leaks, through which, while the Mariners are quarrel- ■ ling and contending one with the other, a Torrent of Water rufhes in and drowns all. The wife Pilot who has the Go- | vernment, fhould provide feafonably for i the flopping of thofe Leaks, and make " tip Masaniello. 17 np the Breaches before it be tod late. He fhould be the fole Diredor, and truft no-body with the Hehn, at leaft, not commit it to faftious and turbulent Spirits, who are unable to fteer in bad Weather ^ and, in Cafe of Diftrefi, are fitter to promote, than prevent a Ship- Wreck. This Ma/aniei/Oy from a Kind of natural Craft, obferving that Murmurs and Difcontent prevailed in everjr Cor- ner of the Town, and that the People were, ripe for Difturbance, took this Opportunity to publifh his Defigns. Upoh a Day, (which was about four Days before the moft holy Fellival of Corpus 'Domini) he was going home in a violent Paffion; and it being in his Way to pafs by the Church of Carmine:^ where the famous Bandit to Terone^ with two more of his Companions, had fled for the Benefit of Refuge, one of them asked him. What was the Matter that he was fo angry, and fo much out of Humour ? He replied in a great Rage, ril be bound to be hang'd, if I don't Jee Jujiice done upon thofe Vil' lains ; ril put an End to the Oppref- fans upon the Teople of Naples, or I HI lofe my Life. They fell a laugh- 2 8 Rise and Fall of ing, and jeer'd him, faying, Thou art a rare Felloip to fet up for a Pa- triot ; thou pretend to right the City ? Mafaniello anfwered , You may laugh^ and be as merry as you pleafe ♦ but I fwear by the living God, if I had two or three of my Mettle thut would Jtand by me ; you fhould fee what Work I'd make with the Rogues : They asked him, What Method he would take ? Will you joyn with me ? fays he. They told him, they would with all their Hearts ; they flaook Hands upon it, and, having vow'd to go through with the Caufe they had undertaken, they parted, and Mafaniello went about his Bufineis. But he had not been lonp; at Home before he met with frefh Provocation ; for fome of the Officers of the Cuftoms having accidentally met his Wife in the Street, as ftie w^as carrying a fm^ll Quantity of counterband Flower in her Apron, they laid Hold on her, and hauled her to Prifon; and, without having the leaft Regard to the Tears and Intreaties of her Husband, would not let her go, till he had fold all his Goods, to pay a Fine of an Hun- dred DucatSj which was the Price they had Masaniello. 19 had fet on her Liberty. This barba- rous Extortion ftruck lb deep into the Heart df this young Man, who was naturally cholerick, that he immediately meditated upon the Means of being revenged ; and confidering how the People were enraged by the Gabel upon Fruit, he made life of that Pre- tence, and running up and down a^ mong the Fruit-Shops that were in that Quarter, com-plained loudly of the Cruelty of the Tax, and engaged them to come in a Body to the Market- place, and there declare publickly to the Country Fruiterers, That it was in Vain for them to bring their Fruit to Market, for they would iiot buy one Basket till the Gabel was taken off. While this was doing the Tumult increafed ; and the Noife of it was carried to all the Shops in the Town; and to fupprefs the Difbrder, Andreas Anaclerio^ Eled of the People, who was chofen that very Day, repaired with 'all Halle to the Markec-Place, where the Fruit was expofed to Sale ; and finding every Thing in Confufion, and the Shop-keepers crying out, that they would buy no Gaberd Fruit, he ufed foft and mollifying V^^ords, and C ^, with 00 Rise md Fa-ll of with much Difficialty pcrfwaded thefri to pay the Gabel for that one Time, and it lliould be e>taftcd of them no more: Which , at laft, they complied to do, and fo the Matter was adjufted, and the People returned home. Ma^ faiitello finding himfelf difappotnted, and that nothing was to be done there, ftill continued his Purpofe ; and running about the Streets to every Quarter of the Town, he cried out, Ko Gabel^ no Gabel '^ Ibme laugh'd , and took him for a Madman, but his Words made a deep Impreffion upon others, as will appear by the Event. When he came home to his Stall in the Market-place, he luckily found a great Number of Boys got together ; ^nd when he had infiniiated himfelf ainong them, he made his Speech, and invelgh'd bitterly againii: the Cruelty of the Governm.ent : Look ye here, fays he, my Lads^ how we are ridden, Gabel upon Gabel, -i^G Ounces the Loaf of Bread. 2x the ^oilnd of Cheefe^ 6 Granas for Beef 6 Granas for 'Btilfe^ 9 Granas for Veal^ i Granas the 7int cf Wine ; Are thefe Things to be en- dured ? No^ my Boys ; Get my Words by Hearty and found them thro' every Street Masaniello. ^1 Street of the City, but fay nothmg againfl the King of Spain ; cry only^ Let God live^ let the Lady of Carmine live ; let the Tope live^ lo7ig live the King of Spain , btit let our wicked Government die, let the curfed Go- vernment die : The Boys, when they had got their LefTon perfed, followed his Direftions, and difperfing themfelves in every Corner, cried along the Streets as they were taught, and had the Eold- nefs to go to the Palace, and cry out under the Nofe of the Viceroy of the Kingdom : And indeed, the Complaint was in fome meafure jvift, though the Method of Redrefs was criminal , for at that Time every Commodity above- named bore the fam.e Price that Ma- faniello fet upon it. This Tumult of the Children fet the City in an Uproar, and their Noife made different Tmprei^ fions on the People; fome fell a-laugh-. ing at the Odnefs of the Thing, but others began to be in Pain for the Confequences. The Boys were often ask'd what was the Matter, and wha fet them at Work ? They anfvvered they were the Scholars of Mafaniello the Fiiherman : And when his Neighbours jeilcd upon him about his Conduft, aq C 3, a Man 2 2 Rise and Fa l l of a ^Man perfeftly diftracled and out of his Wirs, he replied ferioufly, Tou may laugh at me now^ but you foall foon fee what this Fool Mafaniello can do ; let me alone^ and give me my Way^ and if I don't fet yon free from all your Taxes^ and all the Slavery that now grinds you to T^eath^ may I be curfed^ and called a Villain for ever. This frantick Anfwer confirmed them the more that the Man was raving and out of his Scnfes; but Mafaniello no way afiefted with this Treatment, attended to his Bufmefs, and immedi- ately lifted and took the Names of the Boys that followed him, about the Age of i5, 17 and 18, till he compleated a Company of 500 \ but ftill Numbers came in, and he went on enrolling till he made up a Regiment of 5*000, all choice, and fturdy Lads; and giving them their LelTon againft the next Day, he difmifs'd them for that Time, giving every one of them a fmall weak Cane in their Hands, and appointing them to be ready the next Morning, and he would be their General, and lead them on to Glory and Liberty. The Devotion of the Neapolitans to the Lady of Carmine, is fo great and fo Masaniello. 93 lb unlverfal , that they do not only exprefs it by the Solemnity, with which they celebrate her Feftival every Year, on the 1 6th Day of July^ butvalfo by fevcral publick Rejoicings and Holy- days previous to it. Among other Things, it was a Cuftom upon thefe Days, to obferve a certain Ceremony, which w^as, that a Sort of Caftle or Tower of Wood was ereded in the Midft of the great Market-place, and a Company of Boys who reprefented the Ttirks iifed to defend it, whilft another Set of Lads pelted and bat- tered it with Sticks and Fruit \ and this drew together a great Concourfe of People of the meaner Sort, who were much delighted with this mobbiih Di- verfion, which indeed feldom ended without Quarrelling and Bloodlhed. The Morrow, being the 7th of July^ y«/y ^^[.^ came, which was a Sunday \ and the Caftle being then to be ftormed, ac- cording to Cuftom, Mafantello faird not to come to the Market-place, with , his Brigade after him. It was about the Hour when the Country Fruiterers ufed to bring their Fruit to the Mar- ket, to pay the Gabel that was fet upon it ^ and fuch great Quantities were gcnc^ ^4 Rise and Fall of generally brought, that the Officers had a great deal of Trouble in colleding the Tax, and in the Hurry fome of the Baskets were overturned, and the Fruit thrown into the Dirt, which ferved the • Boys to fcr amble for ; and a Multitude of them always got together for that Purpofe. But upon this Day, the Coun- try Fruiterers fold not a Basket of Fruit, for the Coftermongers of the Town had affociated, and refolved not to lay out a Farthing , becaufe they would not encourage the Gabel ; and declared they would not buy an Apple till the Tax was abolilhed. The Countrymen hav- ing no Market for their Goods, were enraged, and fell upon the Shop-keepers that were near them with Cudgels; and fo a fliarp Encounter there was, for they fought it out ftoutly on both Sides: Bdides, the Citizens wanted to be fup- plied with Fruit, as ufual, and there being none but lorry ftale Stuff, that was bought the Day before, they grew tineafy and tumultuous, and the whole City was in a Heat and Confufion, The Account of thefe Dlforders was carried to Ztijia Graffiero^ Regent of the City, who immediately gave Orders to Ana^ derio^ the Elcd of the People, to take a pro- Masaniello. 15 proper Courfe with the Rioters, and put an End to the Commotions: He c?..mc dlrecHy to the Market-place with fome Attendants about him, and having iifed all the Arts of Threatening and Periliafion to little Purppfe, for the Tumult ran high, and the two Parties were fiercely engaged, he at laft inter- ceeded for a fhort Ceflation of Arms, which was granted , and each Party giving an Account of their Cafe, he determined in Favour of the Townfmen, a^d calling the Country Fruiterers, Fo^^ veigners and En^roachers^ (moft of them being of the City of Tuz,z>uola) he rebuked them feverely for the Dif- turbance they had made, and declared, that if they came there again and broke the Peace, he would have them baili- nado'd to the Purpofe, and condemn'd to the Gallics. Among the Countrymen of Tuzzu^ olo^ there was a noify Fellow, a near Kinfman of Mafaniello's , who was deeply concerned in the Riot; for the Matter, it feems, was concerted before, between him and Mafanielk, and he afted up to his Inftruftions; he not pnly fet the Country and Town toge- ther by the Ears, but finding that Fruit ^ borQ a 6 Rise and Fall of bore a very low Price, and after he had payed the Gabel and Carnage, there would remain but a Trifle for himfelf, he affected to be in a violent Paffion, and kicking down with his Foot two Baskets of Fruit, he bawled out, God gives tis Tlenty^ and our cur fed Goveriiours give us Famine : Let the Fruit rot and ferijh^ it is not iz-orth picking tip^ let them take it as 'wilL Mafaniello flood ready, watching the Opportunity with his Boys, who fell a-fcrambling for the Fruit; and every Thing tailing out as he ex- pefted, he ran in among the Children and Mob, and cried out, Without Ga-^ bel^ without Gabel : Anaclerio furprifed at this Infolence that was aded before his Face, threatned to have him whipt, and then fcnt to the Gallies : Upon which, the Fruiterers, and the People that were there, pelted him with Figgs and Apples, and other Fruit, till his Face was fwxUed, and his Eyes almoft out of his Head : But Mafaniello not yet fatisfied, took up a Stone as big as he could well manage, and throwing it at Anaclerio^ hit him full in the Breaft. His Militia of Boys followed the Example of their Leader, and fell upon Masaniello. 17 upon the Eled with Stones; who with great Difficulty breaking his Way in a Coach thro' the Crowd, drove away to the Church of Carmine^ where he found a Felucca, and got fafe to the Palace, other wife he had certainly been torn in Pieces, or ftoned to Death by the Boys. Upon this Succefs, and encouraged by thefe hopeful Beginnings^ the Rabble flocked together in great Numbers, as well in the Market-place as in other Qiiarters of the City : They now talked loudly, and without Referve, of the Oppreffions they endured ; protefting and publifning in every Street , that they would be no more Beafis of Bur- den to be rid by domineering Gover- fiuiirs^ who fucked their very Blood: And as for Taxes ^ they would never fay a Farthing more. But ftill they pretended to be mighty loyal, for the general Cry was, Long live the King of Spain , bitt let the cur fed Gover7i'' ment die. The Fury and Violence of the Populace ftill increafing, Mafani-- ello put himielf at the Head of them : He was followed by an infinite Number pf Boys, and all Sorts of loofe People; ibme were armed with Sticks, others with a 8 Rise and Fax-l of with Pikes and Javelins, and what came firft to Hand, or which they had plun- dered out of the Tower of the Car-, mine : And thus furrounded with his ragged Regiments, he leaped up on the higheft Table among the Fruiterers, and demanding Silence, he made this Ha- rangue : Rejoice^ my dear Companions^ and Conntrymen ^ give God Thanks^ and the moji gracious Virgin of Car- mine, that the Hour of our Redem- ption^ and the Time of our 'Delive-, ranee draweth near : This poor Fijher^, man^ bare-footed as he isy Jfpall, as another Mofes, who delivered the If- raelites from the cruel Rod of Pha- raoh the Egyptian King^ free you from all Gabels and Impofitions that were ever laid upon you. It was a Fijherman ^ 1 mean St. Peter, who reduced the City of Rome from the Slavery of the. "Devil to the Liberty of Chriji ; and the whole World fol- lowed that T^eliverance.^ and obtained their Freedom from the fame Bondage : Now another Fijherman^ one Mafa^ niello, 1 am the Man^ Jhall releafe the City of Naples, and with it a whole Kingdom, from the cruel Toke of Tolls and Cabels, Shake off^ therefore.^ from, . thi:^ Masaniello. 29 this Moment the Toke ; be free^ if you have but Courage^ from thofe intole- rable Opfreffions^ tinder which jyou Bave hitherto groaned. To bring this glorious End about ^ for myfelf I don't 'Value if I am torn to 'Pieces, and dragged up and down the City of Naples through all the Kennels and Gutters that belong to it. Let all the Blood in my Body^ /pin chearfully out vf thefe Veins ; let this Head dance from thefe Shoulders by the fatal Steely and be perched up over this Market- place upon a Tole to be gazed at^ yet I Jhall die contented and glorious ^ it will be Triumph and Honour fufficient for me^ to think that my Blood and Life were facrificed in fo worthy a Cdufe^ and that I became the Saviour of my Country, This marvellous Piece of Oratory was received by the People with univerfal Applaufe as it dropp'd from his Mouth ; they declared, they were ready to follow where-ever he would lead them ; they \\rere mad to be put upon Action : And as a Teftimony of their good AfTedtion to the Caufe, they immediately threw a lighted Torch into the Houfe that joined to the Toll-Houfe for Fruity, and they 30 Rise and Fall of they were both in a few Moments con- fiim'd to the Ground, with all the Books of Accounts that belonged to the Tax, and many Commodities that belonged to the Farmers of the Cuftoms, that were there laid up. This Aclion alarmed the whole City, the Mob increafed in every Street, the Citizens fhut up their Shops, for Fear of being plundered ; and many" of them joined in the Riot, that they might have a Share of the Spoil. All Things were in the utmoft Confufion; the People divided themfelves into feveral Compa- nies, and bent their Courfe to feveral Quarters where the Gabel-Houfes lay; thefe they attacked : The ToU-Houfes of Fruit, of Corn, Flelh, Filh, Salt, Wine, Oil, Cheefe, Silk, of every Thing that was either to be eaten or worn, wxre broke open, not one of them was fpared ; they took out of them all the Books of Accounts and Entrance that belonged to the feveral Gabels, and all the Furniture, as well of the Farmers as others, and every Thing that was pledg'd, or otherwife, as hne Hangings, Chairs, Arms, great Quantities of Mo- ney, with other valuable and rich Move- ables, Forms, Tables, Stools, all was thrown Masaniejllo. 31 thrown into a great Fire made of Straw for that Purpofe, and confum'd to Afhes in the Street. There is one Thing re- markable, that in this general Confu- Hon, there was one Uriel Point of Or- der obferv'd, that in rifling thofeHoufes of the belt of Furniture, and great Sums of Money, no Man dared lay his Hand upon any Thing for his own Ule, but all was dedicated to the Fire, and deftroy'd utterly • becaufe^ they faid, the Wealth and Furniture of the Rkh^ was gotten by fqueezing the Voor-^ and therefore it was the Heart's Blood of the Teople^ and not to be fpared upon any Account^ or for any ^Purpofe whatfoever. The Mob all this While grew confi- dent and audacious, having met with no Oppolition ; they increafed every Hour, and foon made up the Number of 1 0000 : Depending upon their Strength, they boldly advanced towards the Palace of the Viceroy, many of them infolently carrying Loaves of Bread upon the Top of their Pikes, to fignify the Dearncls of Bread, upon Account of the Tax laid upon Corn, a Loaf not weighing above xx Ounces; the Cry Hill con- tinuing, but with greater Vehemence, Long 5 2 Rise and FaH of Long live the King of Spain, and lei the cur fed Government ferijh, ThePoffe of Boys, confifting of about iooo, marched in the Van with Mafa^ niello at the Head of them, and to make the Cavalcade the more affecting, every- one tied to the Top of his Cane a fort of Flag of black Cloth; and walking Iblemnly and dolefully along, they cried out in a moft lamentable Tone, Have Com^affion upon thofe poor Souls fuf^ fering in Purgatory, 'uvho being unable any longer to endure the barbarous Exactions , and the infupportable I Weight of fo many Grievances^ are contriving to eafe and redrefs them-^ felves : O dear Brothers, join with its in this good TDefign ! O Sifters^ lend us your Ajfiftance^ to promote fo juji, fo necejfary an 'Undertakings and fo profitable for the Tublick Good! This pitiful Complaint they whined as they went through many Streets, till coming to the Prifon of St. JameSy , they violently broke in, and fetting the | Prifoners at Liberty, they took them into prefent Service and Protection. Being come to the Palace, and placing themfelves under the Window of the Viceroy, they began to be rude and noify,^ Masaniello. 5^ iioify, and demanded pofitlvely, to be freed not only from ilie Tax upon Fruity but from all other Gabels whatever ; elpe- cially that laid upon Corn. TheViceroy, furpriz'd with this Attempt, fliew'd him- felf in the Balcony, and complied with them fo far as to abolifli wholly the Ga- bel upon Fruit, and Part of the Corn- Tax alfo: But this Indulgence rather mraged than pacified the People: They cried out, they would not be relieved by Halves, but the Whole iliould be taken ofF^ bawling out ftill, Loiig live the King of Spain , but cur Jed be the Government, Then they prefled hard upon the Palace -Gate, which they forced in Defi,ance oi. t\\Q German and Spanifi? Guards : And a Party of them attempting to go up Stairs to fpeak with the Viceroy himfelf, and give him a more particular Account of their Grie-^ vances, his Excellency fcnt pofitivc Orders to the Guard, not to oppofe them, but fuffer them to conie up. But in the Hurry and Confufion that Order was not obeyed, becaufe it could with Difficulty be heard, and the Soldiers thought to make good their Poft againft the People. But all Refiftance was vain:: For the Mob forced all Oppofition ^ andf D uif}^ 34- Rise and Fall of with fcarce any thing in their Hands biit Canes and Clubs, (a Thing ahnoft incre- dible ) and with violent Outcries, they ruflied in, and imperioufly demanded Audience of the Viceroy : But he was feafonably got out of the Way. They ufed the Spantjh and German Guards with great Infolence and Contempt, and preflcd upon them fo haid, that they were afraid of their Lives ; and to fe- cure themfelvcsj they abandoned their Poll, took to their Heels, and made the beft of their Way to their Quar- ' ters. The Palace on the Outfide w^as now without Guard and Defence: The Gate was open, and the People entred. The Door of the great Hall they found Ihut, but they foon broke it open without Dif- ficulty : But attempting to enter the Chamber of Audience, they found there a ftrong Guard of T>utch Halberdeers, and a Par:y of S-paniards, who made all pofiible Refinance : But the Torrent was not to be flopped : The Weight of the People bore down all : They feiz'd the Guard, and made them deliver their Halberds, and other Weapons; fo that the Coaft being clear'd, they abated of their Violence, and examined leilurely , one MASANIEttO. ^% one Room after another, till they came at laft into the very Apartment where the Viceroy, for Safety had locked him- felf up in a Clofet. They knbcked at the Door; but Admittance being denied, they attempted by Force of Halberds and other Inftruments to break it open : It flood two or three Shocks, for it was well fortified within by two llrong Iron Bolts : But at length the Door was fplit to Pieces, and there was the Vicc« roy, who had iaftantly been torn to Pieces, if he had not been conveyed away by Stratagem, by the Duke ^/i Cajiel di Sangro^ and the moll noble ^on F err ant de Carraciolo^ who fome Way or other got him out of the Hands of the Mob, who certainly intended td facrifice him to their Refentments* In this Manner, the Viceroy efcaped the fa-' tal Blow that was defigned him; and retiring to a Place where he found fome Gentlemen of his Attendants, he thought he was not fecure, unlefs he could find ^ Way into the Caftle, where his DutcheB had feafonably withdrawn a little before with her Children, her Ladies and Rela- tions. He fent to fee if there was ti'rf Danger in the Attempt, and underftaiid-^ D % irtg 3 6 RrsE and Fall of ing by tlic Mcflenger, that the Dutchefi that very Hour had taken up the Draw-*' bridge, he changed his Mind, and re- folved to leave the Place where he \tas, nnd take Refuge by flying into the next Church, which was dedicated to St. Le'-juis^ where there was a Friery of St. Franctfio de 'Faola : But firfl he looked out at the Window, and obferving a great Number of People affembled be- low, he gave them Notice that he was there. He fpoke to them in the moft obliging Manner, and gave them to un- derftand, that he was willing to remit the Gabcl upon Fruit, and give them Satis- faction to the utmoil : And to convey his Intentions to them with the greater Cer- tainty, he threw fmall Schedules of Pa- per among them, wherein he gave it un- der his Hand, that the Fruit-Tax fhould ceafe^ and Part of the Tax upon Corn. But this Propofal was rejecled by the People v.^ith Indignation ; who raifed a Tiolent Outcry, and making Signs to him at the Window, infilled that he ihould come down, and treat perfonally with them. The Viceroy being afraid left rhe H.oufe fhould be fired about his Ears, rcfolved to come down, and if poflible, G;et into the Church of St. Mas A NIELLO, 57 Lewis^ before the Mob knew any thing of his Defign. In the mean time, that Party of the Rabble that got into the Palace, deter- min'd to ftrip and gut every Room of it. They tore down the Tapeftry and the GlaiTcs, and running fropi one Room to another with great Fury, they carried off all the Tables, Chairs, Skreens, and other Moveables of Value ; and throw- ing them out into the Yard, they made a Pile of them, and fet them on Fire, and burnt them to Afhes. But yet (which was very remarkable in the Heighth of fuch popular Diftraction) they dicj not fo much ^s attempt to en- ter the Apartment of the moft Eminent Cardinal Trivulcto^ who lived in that Palace, and was at Home at the fame time, under the greateft Apprehenfions of being mob'd to Deatli. The Viceroy dcfigned to come down, in Order to his Efcape; and for that Purpofe had a Coach with two Horfes provided at a proper Place to carry him off. St. Leizjis's Church was at no great Diftance, and therefore he apprehended no great Difficulty in the Defign : But he had no fooncr R-cpp'd into the Coach, t^ut fome of the Mob ipied him, and D 3 ' flopp'd 5? Rise and Faljl of him. He began now to think his Life in Danger; efpecially when the People forced open the Coach-Doors, and pre- fenting two naked Swords to his Breaft, they threatned him with inftant Death, imlefs he would take off the Taxes. He promifed them, no Doubt , under -j:hat Diftrefs, and perfuaded them mildly to lay down their Arms and return home: But this gave them no manner of Satis- faftion: They would hearken to nothing, unlefs he w^ould come out of the Coach and treat with them openly ; and then fcmewhat might be done towards quiet- ing the Troubles. His Excellency was forced to comply, and then the Mob "l^egan to ufe him civilly, and with fome Refped. Some of them with great ^-eal and SubmifTion kifled his Hands ^ and others upon their Knees intreated him, Moft Excellent Sir^ for the Love and Tdjjion of God^ disburden us of thefe heaziy Gabels, which frey upon qtir very Hearts Blood -^ let us have no. more Slavery^ let us breath. The Vice- joy anfwered with all imaginable Con- defcenfion, and gave them his Word that all Taxes fhould ceafe from that Moment. But tho' he was outwardly freate^ Wit|:i tolerable Regard, and in fom^ Masaniello. 39 fome fort fuitably to his Charader ; yet he did not think himfelf Cafe, fo long as he was furrounded with fuch a confufe4 and diibrderly Multitude : Therefore, to divert the People, he threw among them fome Hundred Sequins of Gold, which he had provided for that Turpofe, in Cafe of Ncccffity. This Projed had the defigned Effect : For tho' many of them would not be blinded by the Bait, and cried out, that they did not want to be relieved by fcattering his Money among them, but to be freed from the Oppref- fion of Gabels^ yet, while the grcateft Part of them were fcrambling for the Gold, his Excellency ftepp'd into his Coach, and got fafe into the Sanctuary of St. Lewis, And he immediately com- manded all the Doors of the Church to be Ihut, as well as of the Monaftery that belonged to it. The People that were bufy about the Money, perceiving that the Viceroy had flipped out of their Hands, . were per- fectly outragious, and refolved inftantly to pull down the Monaftery. They went thither in a Body, and meeting with no Oppofition, they batter'd dov/n the firft great Gate, and deiigned to ferve the i"$ft in the fame Manner ^ demanding vi- olently i^o Rise and Fall of violently to be rcleafed from the Gabels ; and infifting, that his Excellency fhould deliver to chem anlnftrument in Writing under his Hand and Seal, that he would abolifli their Taxes, and confirm their Privileges to them and their Pofterity. The Mob went on with their Work in . pulling down the Gates : And left the Mcnaftevy' fhould be pulled down, the Viceroy confidcr*d how he fliould put a Stop to their Outrages ; the doing of which would be difficult, their Numbers increafing every Moment; At length he thought it Prudence to open the Wm- ilow, and fpcak to them, which he did ; pcrfiiading them to give over fuch vio- lent Methods, to diiperfe and go home, afTunngrhem, that there ftiould bene more Taxes, but every Thing complied with to their Satisfaction. Neverthelefs, the People .being jealous they fliould be deluded, they took no manner of Notice of the Promifes of the Viceroy, but con- tinued to batter and pull down another Gate, which was fpon done ; and fo without more Obftruction, they immedi^ ately cnter'd the Monaftery. Things being in this Agitation, the moft Eminent Cardinal Ftlomarino^ Arch- {)ij[hop of Kaples^ ufed all poffible En- '■ dcavpurs Masaniello. 41 deavours to appeale the Populace. This moft Reverend Prelate was always zea- lous and a£tive in his Paftoral Charge, and devoted all his Labours to the Ser- vice of God and the Good of his Church : He was fenfible what Calamities attend upon fuch Diforders, and that Difcord and Sedition among the People, had con- tributed more to the Ruin and Defolatio^ of Cities and Kingdoms, than all the Stratagems and hoftile Attempts of fo- reign and profeffcd Enemies. And there- fore, to prevent the Miferies of Fire and Sword that muft neceflarily enfue, he went in his Coach to the Mon^frery, ancj applied himfelf with great Courtely and Condefcenfion to the Mob, intreating them, that they would defift from fuch violent and unjuftiiiable Methods, and fubmit to have their Grievances redrefs'd in a legal Way. They anfvvered, but refpedfuUy enough, that they could not be fatisfied till the Viceroy had delivered to them the Inftrument they had de- manded, which was to confirm a Releafe of all the Taxes, efpecially thofe laid upon Corn and Fruit. His Eminence replied, that he would be an Adv^ocate for them, and endeavour to obtain it : And fo going out of his Coach, he went 41 Rise and Fall of in Perfon through the thickeft of the^ People, who made Way for him, till he came to another Gate that was in imme- diate Danger of being piiU'd down by the Mob. But as foon as they faw the Archbifhop, the Heat of their Rage was abated; for they profeffed the utmoft Reverence and Veneration for him : Yet notwithftanding, they infilled upon a Redrefs of their Grievances, and that the Taxes might be abolilh'd.The Archbifhop promifed to ufe his Intereft, and engaged to bring them the Inftrument figned and fealed as they dcdred. But confidering, that if he left the People, and waited in Perfon upon the Viceroy, they might return to their former Fury and Diftrae- tion ; he thought it more prudential to fend a MeiTenger to his Excellency, with an Excufe that he did not come himfelf ; and defiring, that he would fend the Inftrument confirmed as it fnouM be, wjth all pofiible Dlfpatch. The Charter was foon drawn up, figned, fealed, and fent to the Archbifliop, with a Defire at the fame Time, that he would deliver it with his own Hands to the People. He immediately ftepp*d into his Coach, and holding the written Inftrument in his Hand vifibly, that every one might fee it. Masaniello. 4} it, he drove away without Oppofitioo, drawing the whole Body of the Mob after him all along ToledoStx^f^i ; every pnc preffing towards the Coach to be fatisfied what it contained. The Coach flopped in a convenient Place, and the Archbiihop read out the Charter to the People ; which was no fooner done, but they cried out one and all, that they were cheated and impofed ttpon ; for^ that Inflrument Jigntfied no more^ than that the Gabel ufon Fruity and feven Car- lines upon Wheat were taken off': But they infifted , that moft^ if not all of the other Taxes Jhould be aboltjhed\ efpecially thofe that were impofed finc^ Charles V. The Archbilliop perceiving that no healing Meafures would be heard while the Mob continued in that Fer- ment, delivered the Inflrument to the Head of the People, who was appointed for that Purpofe ; and then retired to his Palace without Oppofition. The Mob who followed the Cardinal, finding they were cheated, hafted away to the great Market-place, where a great Multitude of their Fellows were got to- gether ; and, having given an Account of the Contents of the Inflrument, they came tp a Refolution, that it was but Satis-^ 44- Rise and Fall of Sat is/a ff ion in Tart\ that their Grief vances were Ji ill unredreffed\ and there^ fore^ it was necejfary for the common 'Defence of the Faithful Teople of Na- pies, (for this was their diltinguilhing Title ) to form themfelves into regular Bodies * and to lifl a fuffcient Number of Men^ that would recover their Rights y and procure them a total T)tf-^ charge from Taxes, Then they broKC up ; and a Party of them, confifting of Thoufands of Men and Boys, marched directly to the Palace; and another Com- pany took their Way towards the Mo- naftery of St. Lewis ^ and refolved to force open the Gates, which by this time were fortified againft them. The firft At- tack they made was upon thatPart of the Monaftcry where many Lords and La- dies, and Perfons of the firft Quality had taken Shelter : But they were vigo- rouflv repulfed by the Spanijh Guards ; and particularly, a Captain lay about him furioufly with his Sword, and the Sol- diers fired upon them with their Muf- quets ; which did Execution among the Rabble, and many of them lay dead upon the Spot. During this Encounter, the Ladies had Time to retire, and to icvure themfelves in the Friars Cells; anci Masaniello. 45 and the Viceroy, by the Affiftance of the Abbot of the Convent, found an Op- portunity to fcale the Walls, and got fafcly into the Monaftery oi Jeftiits^ from whence he was foon removed by fome of his Spaniards^ who carried him In an old Sedan, and lodged him in the Caftle of St. Elmo, It was loon noifed abroad, that the Viceroy had made his Efcape out of the Monaftery, which prevented any further Outrage upon that Place : For, the Rabble drew off together, and marched direftly to the Palace, which they refolved to feize Into their own Hands, hj difarming the Spaniards that kept the Guard : But they compounded, by delivering to the Rabble their Drums and Half Pikes ; but their Svv^ords and Mufquets they were allowed to keep. In this Diftraftion they left the Palace, and difperfed themfelves to all Quarters of the City, where any of the Spanijh Guards were fct \ whom they immediately 'attacked, and took away their Arm. : Then they marched into the Suburbsof ' Chiagia^ to the Pakce of T>on T'tberio de Garaffa^ Prince of Bijignano^ who I was Field-Mafter, and Colonel-General j of the Battalion of Naples. This Noble- man^ 4-6 Rise and Fall of man, by his Affability and good QualU ties, had recommended himlelf to the Affection of the People, who perfectly adored him, and in this Exigency de- pended much upon his Protedion and Advice. They addrefled him with great Refped and Submiflion, and intreated him to be their T>efender^ and inter" ceed for them with the Viceroy^ that the cruel OfpeJJion of the Taxes might be taken off^ and their Privileges be confirmed to them^ as they were efta^ blifoed by Charles V. But before the Prince of BifignanO could fend his Anfwer to the People, a great Number of Men ran furioufly to' the ToU-Hoafe, wli^re they exacted the Gabel upon Fruit at Chiagia^ and im- mediately fet Fire to the Houfe, and burnt it down to the Ground, with all the Books of Accounts and Entries, Fur- niture and Goods that were in it. The Mob ftill increafed by continual Sup- plies: The Suburbs were filled with the confufed Multitude of People: And the Heads of ttiem obferving their Num- bers, divided them into two Squadrons, or rather into two Armies. By this Time, the Prince of Bifignano came out among them on Horfe-back. A Company ef. MasanJello. 47 of the lefTer Boys drew up in a Circle about him, and cricd^ Ao Gabels-^ iio Taxes He defired them to obfirve fome Order ^ and not ruin them/elves and the City of Naples by fuch violent ^Proceedings ; for nothing could be done in fuch Heat and T>iJtra5tiGn : Afid, as for the Gabets^ he promifed they Jhould foon be taken off. But the People, no Way IcUisfied, kept up the Cry, and conducing the Prince by the Palace and the CaftlCj and the moft popular Streets of the City, they brought him at laft to the great Market-place. Here were got together above Fifty Thoufand of the Rabble, all uniting in a general Out- cry, T^own with the Gabels^ down with the Gabels. The Prince was aftonifiied at the Fury of the Multitude, and con^ eluded it impoffible to appeafe them ; He fpoke to them with the greateft Courtefy, and affured them of his In-^ clinations to ferve them: But all to no Purpofe, till at laft he confidered that Religion might pofTibly make Impref- lion upon their Minds; and the Church of the moft Holy Lady of Carmine being conveniently at Hand, he led them thither; and placing himfeif upon an Eminence, from whence he might be heardj 48 Rise and Fall of heard , with a Crucifix in his Hands,' he intreated them in the moft folemn Manner : He prayed, exhorted and con- jured them, by the Taffion and Love of God^ and for the Sake of the blejfed Virgin his Tatronefs^ that they would give over their Rage^ and fujfer their jiffairs to he fettled in a regular Way: He promifed them, and gave his Oath for it, that he would interceed for them to the Viceroy^ and obtain a Redrefs of their Grievances to their full Satis- faElion, But the People, ever jealous of their Privileges, cried out, \X\2XJVords^ and Tromijes vjere but Wihd'^ and that they would never dijperfe^ and lei the Tower flip out of their Hands ^ till the Taxes were aboUjh'd^ and they were ejidblijh'd in their Liberties, The Prince finding their Fury was not to be op- pofed, led tlicm out of Church again into the Market-place ^ and continued with them, conceiving that an Oppor-^ tunity might offer when they would hearken to Reafon : And he often, ap- plied to them for that Purpofe, and af- llired them, that he would make their Caufe his own^ which he would never give ///, till the Teace and Privileges cf the City were fettled upon the Foot ihei Masaniello. 49 they defired. But though they uied him with all outward Refpeft \ yet they were in too great a Ferment, to fubfide and grow cool by Perfuafions only. The Multitude increafed every Mo- ment ; and frefli Recruits flocked in from all Corners of the City. This additional Strength made them more outragious; and fo they marched in a great Body, to the Prifons of Santa Maria d'Agnone^ and of Santa Afch- angelo ^ which they refolvcd to force and break open. The Keepers, affifced by a Company of the Guards, at- tempted to refift ; but they foon bore down, and with great Difficulty got off with their Lives. The Gates fiew open, which th(?y immediately unhin- ged, and threw into the Street; and fo a general Jayl Delivery enfued; and all the Prifoners were fet at Li-- berty. Then they fell to ftripping the Rooms, and rifling what came to their Hands ; and finding the Records and Court-Books, which contained the Pro- ceedings againft the Prifoners, they tore them in Pieces, and made a Fire of them , where they were burnt to E Afhcs. 50 Rise and Fall of Alhes. Thus they did, to the Prifon's^ that belonged to the Manufactures of Wool and Silk; and notwithftanding the Reverence they profcffed to the Perfon of the Archbifliop, yet they forced the Prifon that was his Pecu- liar; burnt the Journals of the Court; and the Prilbners were let out. They directed their Courfe next to the Pri- fons of the Nunciattcra and of the Vicaria^ which they determined to force as they had done the reft : But fome of them were againft this Vio- lence; for they infilled, that they were Royal T'/ifons^ and formerly had been Talaces of their Kings ; and therefore were to be treated efence^ under the fevere Penalty of firing their Houfes about thetr Ears\ which was pane-- tually executed : And by this Means, a great Multitude flock'd to him com- pleatly armed ^ ( which added to his Strength) and joyn'd in the common Rage againft the Government. His Care was now to fecure Ammunition; and hearing of a Shop-keeper, who had by him a Quantity of Gun- powder, he civilly fent to him to buy it ; and the Meifenger carried ready Money in his Hand : But the F ^ Man 68 RisE and Fall of Man refufing to fell it^ without Au-^ thority from the Viceroy^ Mafaniello detach'd a Party from the main Body- to fire the Houfe. They immediately threw lighted Matches in at the Win- dows, and the Houfe, with 60 People that were within, fiew up into the Air : So many were deftroyed, for their Bodies Were numbered afterwards; the Mob not fuffering them to be buried for a long Time. Dreadful was the Shock : It made a fort of an Earthquake all about it \ and the Crack was as loud, as when the great Ga- lion was blown up a few Weeks be- fore, in the Port of Naples. But whether it took Fire, by Accident or ' by Defign, is yet unknown. The Lofs of this Powder made the Rabble the more furious; and in a great Body, they march'd to the King's Magazine, that was without the City, towards Cdp de Chino'^ with a Dcfign to feize it for their own Ufe, or blow it up. When they came, they forced open the Doors ; but to their great Difap- pointment, it had been all wetted before, and would not take Fire. This was done by Order of the Viceroy^ by Masaniello. 69 by Way of Prevention, which railed the Spirits of the People, to the ut- moft Fury and Diftradion. The Viceroy, in the midft of thefe Calamities, was not wantjing for his own Defence and Security. He pro- vided for the Worft : And therefore, not depending upon the Strength of Caflelnovo^ and a ftrong Guard of Spaniards that he took with him; he found Means to introduce within the Gates, a Reinforcement of 800 Spaniards more, 1000 Germans and 1000 Italians. He fet a Guard in the Street of Franctfco Xaverio^ to the Number of 400. He Jikewife fecured Tiz>zafalcone^ which lies a- bove the Palace, and all the adjacent Streets with good Fortifications; mak- ing Ramparts of Faggots ; and digging another deep Trench round about the Old and New Palace; fo that it was impoflible for the Rabble to make any Attack on that Quarter. His Ex- cellency commanded a great Piece of Ordnance, to be planted at the End of every Street, towards the Santo Sptrito^ the Houfes of the Father %)ominicans and the Father Minims : F 3 Ano- JO Rise and Fall of Another he placed upon the Afcent of Santa Lucia ; and two before the great Gate, towards the Middle of the new Palace. Thefe and other Precau- tions were of great Ufe, in fecuring the Streets; and ferved to repel the Rabble, when their Fury urged them to make an Attempt upon the Caftle. Mafamello was no lefs indiiftriou^, in managing the People, and providing againft Danger and Extremities. He liad his Spies in all Quarters of the City, and the neighbouring Villages; and having Intelligence by his Scouts, ihat a New Regiment of Germans^ were coming from Tozzolo to Naples^ by Order of the Viceroy, he detach'd a ftrong Body, well armed, to oppofe their March : They met them upon the Road, and fir'd briskly upon them. The Germans were furprifed at this Attack, and made a faint Refiftance : But fome of their Men being killed, and finding they were overpowered by Numbers, they furrendered and laid J down their Arms. Every Man of them j was bound ; and they were led as 1 Prifoners of War into the City. His Excellency had fent for two Compa- nies Masaniello^ 7I nies of Italians for the fame Purpofe : But nothing could ftir, without the Knowledge of Mafantello^ who gave Coders to fire ufon them^ if they made Refijlance. They furrendered upon the firft Summons, and were bound ; but confidering better of the Matter, they- offered their Service for the Defence of the City ^ and fo they were releafed and armed, and incor- porated among the other Troops. The Germans had foon their Liberty given them, by Order of the General ; who with an Air of Scorn and Infolence, fent them to the Viceroy, loaded with Bread, frefli and fait Meats, Cheefe, Wine, and other Provifions. And they went dancing along the Streets, with Meat in their Hands, and Bottles at their Mouths; to the great Joy anoor of his Houfe ; and that the Viceroy ^ the Collateral^ Council, the Council of State and th&\ Nobility^ jhould by a 'Publick Injlru- ment^ oblige themjelves^ their Suc^ cejfors and 'Tojierity^ to maintain in- violably the Old Charter of Trivia] leges ^ and never to incroach upon the Liberties of it : He infifted further, That the Clerk of the Market^ Jhould\ for ever be in the Nomijtation of the Teople : That they Jhould chufe a CapQ Masaniello. 75 Capo Populij or Head of the Teople^ without any Interpojition of the Vice^ roy\ and he jhouLd be a Lord by Title ^ according to the antient^rac- tice^ when the '^Prince of Salermo /;;- joyed that Office : And without the Confent of this T ovular Tribune, no Taxes or Impojitions Jhould be laid : If they were^ the Teople might law^ fully refufe to pay, without falling nnaer the Imputation and Tenalty of Rebellion, His Excellency and the Council thought thefe Articles were tmconfcionahlc, and injurious to the Authority aiid Trerogative of the King his Mafter. Yet he concealed his Refentments, and feeming to deny nothing, he promifcd by the Confent of the Council of State, That all Taxes Pnould be aboUfhed^ and no more impofed without the Approba-, tion of their Tribune-^ and that all they expeEied^ Jhould be indulged ^ \f they would but lay down their Arms^ and quietly enter upon a Treaty of Settlement ^and Accommodation. But the Rabble were implacable, and refolvcd to treat with Sword in fland : They were afraid of being 4e^ ^6 Rise and Fall of deluded and cheated out of their Li- berties : This or never ^ they thought ^•as the Time to infiji upon their Privileges ^ 7iOw they had humbled the Trtde^ as they called it, of the Viceroy and the Miniftry^ and brought them to [tie for T'eace. His Excel- lency obferving them fb difpoled, and fearing they would grow in Love with this looje Way of livings j^dg'd it expedient to apply himfelf to the Duke of Mataloni^ a Favourite of the People's, Avho was a Prifoner in Ca^ fielnovo^ where he had been commit- ted, upon Sufpicion of having caufed the Admiral Ship of Naples to be burnt, v/hich was bound for Spain, and laden with Money for the Ufe of his Catholick Majefty. Him the Vice- roy fent for, and told him with a fmiling Afpecl, that he. was convinced of his Innocence^ and therefore gave him his Liberty^ which he doubted not, but he would imploy for the Service of his King^ and the Good of his Country^ at the fame Time de- firing, that he would ride en Horfe- back through the principal Streets of the City, and ufe his good Offices to^ wards. \ Masaniello. 77 wards fatisfying the Importunities of the People, This Nobleman had a Brother, T^on Jofeph Caraffa^ who had a Country Seat near Benevento^ and was well beloved by the Popu- lace; whom the Duke fent for, to accompany hhn upon this Occafion. He came, and fo both of them, with many others of the Nobility, rode in among the Rabble; intreating them, to lay down their Arms^ and pro- mifing them in the Name of the Vice- roy, that all Gabels Jhoiild be abo- lijhed by Tublick Authority, Ma- faniello^ who was at the Head of the Rabble, with his Sword drawn, and well mounted and armed, boldly in- fifted upon feeing their Credentials to treat. The Nobility were aftonifhed at the Infolence of this Fellow; but ftifling their Indignation, they dejired^ he would condefcend to hear their Trofofalsj and then judge of them as hej in his great Wifdom^ floould think fit ; and if they Jhould be fo fortunate^ as to come to any Terms of Agreement^ they ingaged to fee the Conditions executed at the Ha- zard of their own Lives, Th« ^8 Rise and Fall of The General and his Followers were Ibmewhat foften'd by thefe Condefcen- fions : They faid, they defired no more^ than that the Trivileges granted to the City of Naples, by his Majefiy King Ferdinand, Jhoiild be made good^ which were afterwards confirmed by Charles V. of glorious Memory \^ who^ by Oath had promifed to tbis Faith-- ful City^ upon his Invejiiture in the Kingdom by Tope Clement VII. That no 7tew Taxes or Impojitions jhould be laid on the Teopy^ or the King-'' dom of Naples, by himfelf or his Sticcejfors^ without the Confent of the Apoftolick See : If they were im-^ pofed with that Authority^ they were to be obeyed : Otherwife^ the City and the Teople, had the Liberty to refufe the Tayment. They mighty if they pleafed, rife one and all with Sword i?i Hand^ in Defence of their Charter^ without the Imputation of Rebellion or Irreverence to the Trince who governed them, NoWy fince all Taxes ^ very few of fmall Confequence excepted, have been impofed without the Confent of his Holinefs, it was but juji^ that they Jhould be imme- diately Masaniello. 79 diately taken ojf^ being in themfelves void and of no Effect -^ and that the Teople jhould have the Original of the faid Charter^ delivered into their Hands^ which was freferved in the Archives of St. Laurence'x Church. Thefe were their ^emands^ and they would die rather than re- cede from them. The Lords promi- fed to ufe their beji Endeavours With the Viceroy ; and with great Coiirtefy, took their Leave of the People. They returned to Cajtelnovo, and his Ex- cellency inftantly called a Council, to advife, what was proper in thefe Extremities, and what Anfwer was to be returned to the Rabble, who ftill grew more violent, and threatened to fet Fire to every garter of the City. In the mean Time, the moft Reve- rend the Archbiftiop, according to his accuftomed Vigilance, and paternal Zeal to the Spiritual Peace, and Tem- poral Happinefi of the People under his Charge, finding, that it was in vain to apply to the Rabble, addreffed himfelf with great Devotion to God, and implored his Almighty Aid^ for com* So Rise and Fa l l of tompofing the T^iforders^ and fetting Bounds to the Fury of the Tofulace. His Duty and Loyalty to the Ca- tholick King, as well as the Prin- ciples of Religion, urged him upon all poffible Methods to appeafe thele Diforders ; and for that Pilrpofe, he fummoned all the Religious of the City, to exfofe the Hojl in the Churches^ and to fupplicate the 2)i- vine Ajjiftance ^ which was done with great Solemnity .The miraculous Blood, and the facrcd Head of St. GennarrOy the glorious Protector of Naples^ were like wife expofed ; and all Orders went in folemn Proceflion up and down the City, followed by Multitudes of all Ranks* and Conditions; who indeed, for the prefent, feemed to fliew great Refpccl to the Fathers, and the de- votional Part of the Service, but a- batcd little of their Violence, when the Proceflion was over, and the Monks and Fryars were returned to their Cells. It was faid before, that the Origin nal Charter w^as preferved in the Ar- chives of St> Laurence. • The Prior of Rocella, a Reverend and Learned Eecle-" . Masaniello. Si Ecclefiaftick , was deputed by the People, to fearch for it. He appeared among the Rabble on Horfeback • and having been with the Viceroy Ibme time before, had prevailed to have a Proclamation written in Letters of Gold, by which all the Taxes were taken off. With this Inftrunient in his Hand, he rode up ^nd dowh the Streets; publilhing- That his Excel- lency the Viceroy^ had done them the Grace ^ in the Name of his Catholic k Majejiy^ to pnt an End to the Ga- be Is. This News was at firft received by the People with loud Acclamati-* ons ; and the Prior was furrounded with an infinite Number of Boys, who leap'd and danc'd about him, crying; Long live the King of Spain, who has abolijhed the Gab els. In this Manner, they conduced him to the Market-place, and they alriioft bore his Horfe from the Ground. But their Note was foon changed, for the Prior^ conceiving it to be difficult to find the Charter, and aftoniftied withal at the Infolence of the Multitude, con-. yeyed himfelf unaccountably out of the Ctowdj under a Pretence of re- G tiring JSi Rise and Fall of tiring for necejfary Reafons^ and be- took himfelf for Sanciuary, to the Church of the Holy A^o files. The People waited fome Time for his Re- turn ; but when they knew he had given them the Slip, they threatened him with 'Death, if ever he fell into their Handsj and flew out into the utmoftRage; for they had great De- pendance upon the Wifdom and Inte- grity of this Churchman, who was a Man of great Humanity and Conde- fcenfion, and of powerful Intereft with the Viceroy.- I have heard another Account of this Matter, different fronl what I have here related ; which is, that the Prior went into the Archives of St. Laurence^ and brought out a Kind of Inftrument in a Sheep's Skin, which he declared to be the Original Charter of Charles V,. and this Fraud he thought juftiliable, having no other ^Defign, than by all pojfible T>evices^ to ^ut an End to the Commotions : But the Jealous Populace fulpected fome Contrivance ; and therefore, they delivered it to fome Gentlemen of the Long Robe to be perufed. The Ccoineil were oblig'd to tell the Truth, foi MasanieIid. 8| for Fear of their lives; and declaring the Inftrument to be a Gounterfeit, the Rabble were fo incenfed, that had not the Prior inftantly fled to Re- fuge, he had been torn to Pieces, and had met with the fame Fate that hap-« pen'd feme Hours before, to the Prince of Monte S archie^ who innocently paffing through the Mob, Was cruelly ufed and murdered* This lacter, id my Opinion, feerris to car.vy more Weight with it than the former.. By this Time, the Duke of Ma^d-^ ioni returned from the Caftle; followed by great Multitudes, who were rather Guards thati Attendants, and conduced him into the great Market-place. This was the general Rendezvbus, where the Heads of the Rabble took up their Quarters; and from hence, they fent Difpatches to all Parts of the City. This Nobleman, it foems^ had foundS In the Caftle, an Authentick Copy of the Original Charter ; and convincing the Viceroy, that it would be ufeful for hh7i to carry it otit^ he held ic waving in his Hand, and told the People, he had found the Charter bf their Privileges, The puke had G % been §4 Rise W Fall of been inforni'd with what had happened jiift before, to the Prior of Rocella ; and therefore, hot daring to fay it was the Original^ he declared from his Knowledge, that it was a faithful and true Copj^ and that they Jhould foon have the Tleafure of Jeeifig the Original'^ but for the prefent it was not to be found. Mafaniello took the Inflrument in his Hand, and deliver- ing it to fome of the Long Robe for Advice, it \va3 read out aloud, but it - gave no Satisfaction : The People cry- ing out, A Cheat ^ a Cheat. The Duke was then in Danger of his Life, and received feveral Blows upon the Head ; but confidering, that he had not impofed upon them, but told them the Truth of the Matter, they {pared him, and committed him clofe Pri- foner to the Monaftery of the Car- wine \ ^nd a:ppoiated a famous Ban- ditto, called "T err one ^ to be his Keep- er. This Fellov/ had been clofe con- fined in the fame Church, but at the Beginning of the Tumults, was fet at Liberty by the People : He had formerly been intimately acquainted -^ith the Duke oi Mataloni^ and pity- inp Masaniello. §3 ing his Misfortune, or rather willing to get 10,000 Ducats, he undertook for him. The Rabble were at firft inexorable ; but at laft, he fo laboured the Bulinefs, that he obtained his Releafe, upon Condition, That he would be ready to produce him upon 'Demand\ and would flake down his own Life for his Appearance. Thus narrowly, did this Nobleman eicape the Fury of the Multitude, and fe- cured not only his Life, but his Li- berty. He returned to his Palace in the City, where he ftaid about a Day or two, and then made the heft of his Way, with his Family and At- tendants, to one of his Seats in the Country. A certain Political Writer, ( who Cowj. t/^ \ioi. feems to intimate, that the Duke of Hifi.iieKnp, Matalont\ Releafe out of Prifon, was'^'''^•^•^''^^• intirely owing to the Fear the Vice- roy had, that the People, who very much efteem'd this Nobleman, would obtain his Liberty by Force) accounts for the Treatment he received from the Mob, after another Manner. He tells us, " That though the Vicc- *-'' roy outwardly feem'd to court, and o6 Rise and Fali- of ^' incoarage his Mediation in this ^' Tumult, he intended to ufe hiir^ " only as a Tool, to create a Mifun- ^' derftanding between the Nobility ^' and the Commons^ being of nothing f' fp apprehenfive , as of an Union ^^ between thefe two Orders of the. ^' State. That, to this End, whilft ^' the Duke of Mataloni was going to ^y the Market-place, in order to bring ^' the Rabble, if poffible, to Terms ^^ of Agreement, four Reformadoes, *' according tp the Inllruclions they ^;^ had received privately from the Vice- ^\ roy, got thither before him ; and ha-, ** ying obtained Audience of Mafani-^ *^. ello^ and the other Ringleaders of *' the Sedition, declared to them., that f tb.ey were aiTured from very goo4 f Hands, that the D.uke of Mataloni' s f pretended Mediation was all a Sham, *' and that the Inftrument, which he •^ would Itiew them prcfently, was a "^^ Counterfeit, and only an Artifice *^ and. a Blind, conceited between hiin f and the Viceroy, pn purpole to de- fl^ucie the Pepple> Mafaniello^ who f was naturally diffident, conceived in« .^- Haatly a deeo Refentment agalnft Masaniello. 87 ^' the Duke, and the rather, becauie '' Julio Genovino^ a crafty old Fox, *' and a Promoter of the Tumult, had '' often infinuated to him, that he ought ■^ to be cautious how he treated with ^' the Nobility, who, by their line ^' Speeches, and the AfFedion the Peo- " pie bore them, might gain fuch an ^* Alcendant over the Rabble, as to ^' become their Heads and Leaders, '^ and by that Means, rob him of the " Honour and Glory which the Caufc " he had undertaken, intitled him to. " Therefore, as foon as the Duke of ^^ Mataloni appeared in the Market-? " place, with the Inftrument in his " Hand, Mafaniello taking it from, *' him, and looking upon it, cried out, *' a Cheat, a Cheat ; and at the lame ^' time, calling the Duke a Traytor, ** he knocked him off his Horfe ; there- *' by expofing him to the cruel Out-^ " rages aud Affronts of the Populace, ^* who, when they were tired with ^* beating and kicking him, bound •' him Hand and Foot, and lent him ";- to Prifon, G 4 '^ Th: ^8 Rise and Fajll ing^ and grinding the 'People ^ and nothing could attone for the Offence^ but burning and dejiroymg their Houfes and Furniture, and bringing them upon a Level with the Populace -^ that fuch Tra^ices might be pre- vented for the Time to come^ and corrupt Minijiers^ in Jfter^-Ages^ might be terrified by the jufl Ex- amples made of the Trefent. And ihefe .were no empty Threatenings : ]ox the People were as good, as their Words^ 9 ^ Rise and Fa l l (?/ Words, and lighted Faggots were blazing in every Quarter, ready for Execution. A great Shew of Difci- pline was kept up in thefe Difor- ders; and in the Midft of the Con- fufion, they obfcrvcd the moft exaft Rules of Juftice and moral Honefty. All was done for the TPtiblick Good^ and the "Deflruciion of Evil Min'u Jlers ; and no private Intereft was confidered : For whoever, in the rifling of a Houfe, attempted to lay Hold upon any Thing, to carry it away for his own Ufe, hazarded his Life. One poor Fellow was immediately knocked on the Head, for pilfering a fmall Towel : Another received jTO fevcre Lalhes upon the Back, for ftealing the Crupper of a Saddle : And ma- ny, for concealing the moft trivial Things, were hang'd up by the Exe- cutioner, in the publick Market-place, at the Command of Mafaniello ; who fcarce allowed the Vv^r etches Time to lift up their Hands to Heaven, and tranfaft their Affairs with their Ghoftly Fathers. He was an Enemy to his Country^ and the Liberties of the ^eo^le^ who exprelfcd the Icatt Ten- " ' ' ' ' der- Masanieilo. 95 dernels and Compaffion for thele Ca^ lamitiesj and Avhen Houfes and Goods were on Fire, to commiferate the Misfortune of the Sufferers, was to be reckoned Accomplices^ and publlck Thieves and Robbers, As an Inftancc bf this, an honeft Man, unadvifedly, and by a natural Compaffion, lament- ing the burning bf the Houle and rich Fdrniture of the Duke of Cai- vano^ by fliaking his Head only, and faying, It was a Thoufand ?/- ties^ was attacked by the Mob, who Would have torn him to Pieces, if he had not providentially made his Efcape, thro' a fmall Wicket, which for fome Time ftopp'd the Purfuit ; the People ftorming and crying out, Where is the Villain, where is he ? If we catch the T>og, we'll teach him Vity^ we'll firip the Skin ovet his Ears^ and found him in a Mor^ tar. The firft Houfe that felt the Fire, was a noble and magnificent Struc- ture, that belonged to One of the Commiffioners of the Taxes, Hiero^ nimo Fetitias by Name, who had acquired a great Eftatc, by farming the 94 Rise and Fall of the Gabel upon Corn. His Palace was one of the moft regular Build- ings in Naples^ and was fituated iri the Quatter of '^oHo Nuovo^ and lay contiguous to the Houfes of the Lord Mormili. Hither flocked a Multitude of the Rabble, carrying dry Faggots upon their Shoulders^ and lighted Torches in their Hands : They attacked the Gates, and forcing all Oppofition, got into the Houfc. Every Room was fearch'd and rifled; all the Furniture was thrown out of the Windows into the Street; confift- ing of Silver Plate, great Quantities of Pewter and Brals, Chairs, Tables, Carpets, GlalTes, Tapeftries, andHoufe- hold-^Stuff of all Kinds : They forced open the Clofets and Chefts, and pri- vate Drawers where his Money lay.^ Here they found many Bags ef Gold and Silver, Jewels, Chains and Bracelets of great Value. All was thrown out and carried into the pub- lick Market-place in Triumph, and there hurled without Diftin6lion in- to a huge Fire made for the Pur-* pofe, and all confumed to Alh.es : The Rfabble of Men, Women, and Chil^ Masa^niello. 95 Children, dancing about the Pile, with loud Outcries and Acclamations, and faying; Burn them down to a Cin-' der : Thefe Goods are got out of our Hearts Blood \ and as they burn^ fo ought the Souls and Bodies of thofe Blood-fuckers who own them, to fry in the Fire of HeiL This Tragedy being ended, the Rabble ran with great Fury, to the Houfe of Felix Bajll, which they refolv'd to rifle from the Top to the Bottom. This Man was originally of a mean Extract and Occupation; be- ing at firft, no more than a poor Baker, who ufed to carry upon his Shoulders, his Bread up and down the Streets of Nafles : But applying himfelf with great Dexterity, to pub- lick Bufinefs and dealing in the Funds, he acquir'd immenfe Riches. He was a great Favourite of the Viceroy's; and had built a fine Houfe near the Sfirito SantOy where he liv'd in as inuch Splendor and Magnificence, a$ ^ny Man in the City. The People affembled about the Gates in great Multitudes, with lighted Torches in iheir Hands. They foon made an 96 Rise and Fall of Entrance ; and ftripping the Rooms as they went along, they threw out at the Windows and Balconies, all the Furniture, Houiehold-StufF, Wri- tings and Books, that were of great Value: There were 13 Trunks hurl'd out into the Street ; and feme of them being forced open, by the Violence of the Fall, there were difcovered Things of the richeft and moft coftly Workmanfhip; fuch as Cloth of Gold, and TifTues, the iineft Embroideries, and noble Tapeftries, which perfeclly aftonilh'd the Eyes of the Beholders, who yet were fo far from preferving thefe valuable Effecls, that they took them, with a Cabinet full of Pearls, ^nd other precious Stones, and threw theln into a Pile of Fire made be- fore the Gate, without faving fo much as a Rag upon Pain of Death; the Rabble all the While dancing about the Flames, with the loudeft Outcries and Acclamations. Thefe dreadful Conflagrations con- tinued for the Space of five Hours without Intermiffion. And when there was no more Fuel for the Fire, the Mob drove furioufly, towards the Houfe. of Masaniell'o.. 5J7 'x>? Ant Oft to de Angells^ a Counfellor of State, who had been Eled of the People, m the Time of Mont€7^r%\ This Man, to his Misfortune, con^ ciirr'd with the Viceroy in the Ihi- pofition of many New Taxes, and Ixras violent in the Execution of the Laws, againft fuch as were remifs to pay. He had frequently been admo- pifhed by his Friends, to featre bis Goods^ and tife all J^offible 'Precau-^ tions to defend bis "Palace ff^om firing : But he was indolent upon the Occafion, and neglefted the Ad- vice : For it feenls, the Cay before, the Rabble contented themfelves, with forcing and carrying away one of hi-; Gates; and he ibougbt their Refent^ ments "would end bere^ and tbey 'would attempt no further Violence againji him : Be/ides, his exceeding Gravity^ and the Veneration^ he fit^pofed was due to a Gentleman of the Long Robe^ he thought ""would be a Prote6iio7i againft future Ravages : But he tniftook miferably in his Notions ; and his unfortunate Deftiny call a Mill before his Eye5 : For the Rabble, with their ufual Fury, afftnibled b':- H . fOTC 98 Rise and Fall of fore his Houfe ; furnifh'd with flaming Torches and blazing Faggots, and foon forced their Way through the Doors. This Palace was finely fur- nilh*d,; and the Pictures, Jewels and Houfehold-Gocds were of ineftimable Value; which inftcad of drawing their Compaffion, ferved only to incenfe their Rage^ Thefe Things^ they cried, were the Blood of the 'l^oor Teople (?/ Naples : And all without Diftin- ction, was immediately deftin'd to the Fire. Every Corner of the Houfe foon blazed : Nothing was left un- confumed. And what w^as the more to be lamented, the Pleas, the Char- ters, the Writings and Proceffes of many poor and wealthy Perfons, that were committed to his Care, being a Pleader at the Bar, were reduced to Alhes. A Librsrry, confifting of a choree CoUeftion of curious Books, were dcftroy'd; and a fine Cabinet with many Thoufand Crowns, was- throvv^n into the Flames. Two rich Coaches, four beautiful Horfes, and two Mules were unmercifully burnt : And to inrage the Fire, the People t'hyew Bottks of Oil, and other' com- buftible Masanielj-o* 99 ,buftible Materials into it, which made them Sport and Diverfion ; and ^they danced about thefe dreadful Ruins, as if they had been celebrating ^ Feftlval. In the Pantry, the Larder^ Houfe and Kitchen, they found the choiceft Provifion, and many large Jarrs of Pickles, and Chefts of Sweet- meats, which were all confumed; no one offering; to fay e the leall Morfel for his own Ufe, or to have a Tafte of any of thefe Delicacies. We have already taken Notice, how great a Shew of Difcipline, and private Dif- intereffednefs, was kept up by the Mob, in thefe terrible Defolations, as if they abhorr'd the Thoughts of Spoil and Plunder : As another Inftance of which, a Boy having taken a Piece of Bacon, as if he defigned to con- vey it away, had like to have been torn to Pieces, and with much ado efcaped with his Life*, In this Ha- vock, there was above 1 0,000 Crowns of good Silver deftroy'd; befides vaft Quantities oF Plate that was double gilt. The Fire of this Houfe was fo great, that tho' it was in the Night-^ Time, it enlightncd the whole Place ; 'Hi ^ila ICO Rise and Fall of ind every Corner of the Street, was as clear, as if it had been Noon- Day. The next Houfe, that fell a Sacri- fice to the People's Refentments, was the Palace of Antonio Mirabella. a- nother Pleader at the Bar, and a A^^- aj^oUtan Cavalier in the Suburb of Mayds : He was furprized in his Bed, and forced to jump out at a Back-Window, in his Shirt ; and fo cfcaped with great Difficulty; for a Mufquet-Ball mifs'd him narrowly as he tied. However, his Houfe and all his rich Furniture was confum'd : All was devoted to the voracious tlames : The very Wails were pulled down, and fcarce a Stone left ftanding upon another. This Fire continued above three Hour?. The Deftruftion that fbllow'd, was a magnificent Houfe o^ Andrea. Ana- clerio^ Eleft of the People. He was before aflaulted by the Boys, and pelted with Stones. But wifely fore- feeing the Danger, that was like to cnfue, he had removed his rich Fur- fiit'tire, and all his Goods of Value ; fo that ihe Mob, breaking violently iiito^ Masaniello. IQl into his Houfc, found it ftripp'd ; and inraged with the Difappointment, they inflantly clapp'd Fire to the four Corners, which raged horribly for four Hours : The Terror and Rage of the Flames, perfectly aftonifhed the Be- holders : But the Fury of the Prime Incendiaries, abated nothing, and the Building was levelled with the very Ground. While the People were bufy in thefe dreadful Executions, and burn* ing the ^ojfejjlons ( as they called them ) of the Tublick Thieves • the Viceroy was exceedingly troubled at thefe Gombuftions, and pafTionately defired, by all pojjible Arts to af,-- ^eafe their Fury : For the whole City looked like a continued Tra£t of Flames ; and nothing lefs was to be expeded than utter Ruin and De- vaftation. Methods of Accommoda- tion were confulted, and the Colla« teral Council, and the Councils o£ State and of War advlfed feriouily, upon thefe fad Calamities : Upoa. the Whole, after many Debates, it was refolved as the beft Expedient, Xhat his Excellency Jliould commnnd Ha four. io't Rise and Fall of JFour Regiments of Foot^ to reinforces that Bqdy that "was already placed in T>efence of the Caflle : And tliis Order was immediately executed. The next Relblution was, That a Legal Jnflritment Jhould be printed^ and affix' d' in the public k 'Places of the City\ vjhich fnould abfolutely abolijh all Gabels and Impofitions^ and a Qen^ral Tar don fecured to the Op fenders, As'foon as this Inftrument Vas publifh'd, it was fent into the great Market-place," that the 'Popu- lace might fee and read it^ and fo difperfe and return to their Obedi-^ ence. But thefe Expedients had no manner of Effeft; becaufe the Par- don was not fo fully expreffed as to fatisfy the People\ who were afraid bf an After-Reckoning , if the Con- ditions and Articles were not per-^ feflly in Form^ or could have been Evaded : So that all was undone a- gain, and thp X^xaty broken off. This Difappointment much afFecled theVice- roy, who refblved if poffible, to re^ new the Treaty: But, obferving, -^hat the Nobility were become odi- ^{us to the 'People ; and , had he ufed Masaniello. 10^ i-ifed their Mediation, the Dlfcontents would rather have been fomented, than fuppreffed; he judged it more ufeful, to employ two of the prin- cipal Favourites of the Populace, in whom he could intirely confide; An-^ drea Martellone^ and Onofico Talma. Thefe Gentlemen were fent for; and his Excellency advifing with them, upon the Pofture of Affairs, recom- mended the whole Management, to their Trttdence and Care ; and hav- ing promifed them great Rewards upon their Succefs^ he commiffion'd them with full Tow^r to Treat, For this Purpofe, they applied to the Chief Leaders of the Tumult ; an4 with all the Arts of Addrefs and Po- pularity, recommended to them, the Study of Teace and Loyalty^ and promifed them, a full Indemnity for all that was faffed : But thefe po- pular Orators made no Impreffioa upon the furious Mob : They re-, turned therefore to the Viceroy ; and told him flatly, That it was imfof- fible to allay, or pit an End ta the T^iforders^ without delivering i^ito the Hands of the Teofle^ tb<^\ H 4 Or 2^ ^04 Rise and Faljl of Original Charter of Charles V. which ^^ontained a Confirmation of their privileges. His Excellency, wha from the Beginning, had omitted no Opportunity of healing the Exeaches, rcfolved to gratify them in their De- mands, efpeciaily in this Point \ and immediately ufed his utmoft Diligence, to fearch into the publick Records, and difcover where this Charter of^ privileges was to be found. To this End, he difpatch'd fome of the No- bility, and the Eleft of the City, at- tended by T>on Jofeph Maria Cara-r> dolOy a Theatin^ a Perfon of great pourage and Learning, and refpeded for tiis fingular Piety and auftere Life^ ^vho' was active- upon all Occafions, fo fiipprefs thefe Seditions, and much devoted to the Service and Intereft of his King and Country. ' "\Vhile the Minifters of the Govern- ment, were thus follicitous for the, publick Peace, Mafaniello^ as the Ge- ileral of the Mob, was iiliiing out his Comxniffions to fupport the DefeftioUo He fent out his Orders, in the Name of the People of Naples, That all: ihe^ Merchants^ and the fever al Com- panics. Masaniejllo. ^05. ^mics of the City^ Jhould be veady 'with compleat Arms^ at an Hours Notice^ for the Recovery of the. ^tiblick Liberty, He had about hin> a Number of Men, as a Body-Guard, and a Train of well appointed Horfe- men followed him. With thefe, and an incredible Number of • the Rabble on Foot, he marched thro' the prin-* cipal Streets; and when lie came tq the Houfes of any fufpedted Perfons, of what Quality ibever, he broke in, and fearched for Arms and Ammur- nition, which were delivered him with an ill Will, by the Nobility and Of- ficers of the City. By this Method, he forniftv'd himlelf with many Thou- land of Harquebuzes, Carbines, Muf- quets, Piftols, and other Fire-Arms ; And among the reft, he found nine Pieces of Artillery, which a Merchant had in his Houfe ; and which he re- ceived as a Pledge from the Govern- ment, for the Payment of fome Thou^ lands of Ducats, He took feven great Cannons out pf a Ship, which he dif- armed in the Mole : For this Pur- pplefigns ( God knows) but the public k Good-^ and perhaps Mifchief might follow : There^ fore they frefented their Duty to his Eminence^ and pray'd, that inflead of a Trocejfion^ he would expofe in the Churchy the Holy Hoji^ and order publick Orifons for forty Hours. The Fathers and Gentlemen being returned to the Cardinal Archbifhop^ gave him an Account of their Difap- polntment ; related to him what they propofed, and what Infolence they received % And therefore, his Eminence not; ! i o Rise and Fa Li. of not thinking it expedient to put hU former Thoughts in Action, againft the Will of a tumultuary People; he gave Orders to the faid Prepofitors, and all the Heads and Rectors of Churches, as well Secular as Regular, That the ble[fed Sacrament Jhould be exfofed^ and 'Prayers offered up in fiiblick and private^ to implore the Mercy of Heaven^ and to recommend to the T)ivine Majefy^ the deplorable. Condition of the City nnd Kingdom of Naples. And this was performed every Day with great Devotion, until the Death of Mafaniello. When the Archbiihop had difpatch'd thofe feafonable Orders, it being now Night, his Eminence repaired to Ca^ Jielnovo^ to confer with the Vieeroy, and to confult, whether any Terms of Accommodation could be propofed, that might avert the Calamities that threaten'd the City, and give fome Satisfaction to the ihraged Multitude ; who had been fo ufed to Fire and Cruelty, that they feemed to delight in fuch Sights and Executions, and therefore all poilible Arts of Conde- fcenfion were co be ufed, to foften the Peril/ MaSANIELLO. Ill Ferity of their Natures, and bring therii to Temper and Moderation : For the better effeding of which, this worthy Pariot aflbciated to him, the moft lUuftrious the Apoftolical Nun- cio, at that Time refiding in the King- dom, In the Evening, feveral Perfons of Quality, and Gentlemen of the Long Robe and others, retired alfo to Cajielnovo:^ as well for the Safety of their Perfons, as to confult with the Viceroy, what was moft proper to be done in the prefent Extremities. The Rabble were fo inflamed with July ^. Riot, and a Thirft of Revenge, that ( notwithftanding the Care and Vigi- lance of the Archbilhop, and other worthy Patriots ) as foon as the Day began to dawn, they returned to their old Bufinefs, of burning and deftroy- ing the Houfes and Furniture of the Farmers, and others concerned in the Gabels. Nothing could flop or aflwage the Fury of the unbridled Multitude^ which, like an impetuous Torrent, bore down all Oppofition, fare, where- ever it direfted its rapid Courfe, to bring Ruin and Defolation along with it. I do ill Rise dind Fall of 1 do hot intend to enter upon i particular Dcfcription of all the fiery' Executiohs that happened this Day*. Enough has been already faid on that Subjccl, to give the Reader a juft Idea of the Rage of an exafperated Populace. However, it may not be amifs to obfetve, that thofe Cruelties^ ( by the People term'd Juji Revenges) were exl^rcis'd upon all them, that had the Misfortune to he prick'd down in Mdfdniell6\ Lift. Among Thefe, the Palace of Vdlenzano^ a Farmer of the Gabel upon Corn, was the firft Victim that fell a Sacrifice to the Refentment of the Rabble- in the rifling of which, were found two Coffers filTd with GoIg, which, by the Command of Mafaniello^ was not confumcd with the reft of the precious Moveables found there, but laid in Bank, to ferve as Occafion ihould re- quire. Another Thing remarkable, is, that in the midft of thefe Diftractions^ the Rioters had fo great a Regard to Religion, that having found ifl the young Duke of Caivand's Palace, fe- veral rich and valuable Pictures, a- mong which were fome Pieces of Sa- cred Hiftory ^ the Profane they bum€y but MasanielIo. 115 but thefe they fent to feveral Churches to be there fet up, having firft divefted them of the coftly Frames and Jewels that adorn'd them, which were thrown into the common Heap and burnt to Allies. Luprano indeed, and ibme other Partifans, thinking to elude the Fury of the Rabble, fent all their Goods and rich Furniture into the Monaftery of the Nuns of the Concept ilon^ and other religious Houfes: But Mafaniello having Notice of it, fent exprefs Orders to the faid Monafterics, to deliver up all the faid Goods in their PoflefTion, upn Tain of Firings They, not daring to refufe, brought out an incredible Quantity of rich Moveables of all Sorts, which were immediately thrown into a great Fire^ and perifti^d in the Flames. In the mean Time, and whilft the People were glutting their Rage with Deftruclion, the Two Original Charters of Privileges, granted by Charles Vi and King Ferdinand^ were found, and brought to the Viceroy, by the chi^f Eled of the Nobles, and i>on Jofeph Guifeppe Caracciolo, a Theathiy who had fpared no Pains in the Search of I them- 1 1 4- Rise and Fa l t of them. This was a fair Opportunity to put an End to the Commotions. But the Viceroy was dilatory, and ir^ relblute in the Bufinefs ; and content- ed himfelf, with fending the Arch- btfliop to afliire the People; that he ^juould Jhortly relieve them as they defired. The People finding, that the Treaty of Accommodation went on but flowly, and raifed by thele De- lays, to a Miftruft of the Viceroy's Intentions, reiblv'd to make thcmfelves Mailers of the Convent and Tower of St. Laurence-^ not only becaufe they feared its Situation, from whence their Quarters in the Market-place, might be molefted by Cannon -Ihot; but becaufe it was the Arfenal of the City ; and by fecuring thcmfelves of this Place, they might be provided with Arms and Ammunition. They had made an Attempt upon it the Sunday before; but being then only few in Number, and meeting with a vigorous Repulfe from fome Banditti, who were in the Belfrey, they were forced to withdraw : But now the Cafe was altered ; for a Body of about f 0^000 Men in Arms, having fur- rounded Masanieilo. 115 i'ounded the Monaftery, drew up in Battalia, and made themfelves ready for an Affault, by placing two large Pieces of Ordnance, which they had brought with them, oppofite to the Tower, in order to batter it down. Thefe Preparations for a Siege, fil- led the Friars with Fear and Amaze-* ment : They no fboner heard a Dif- charge of Small Arms, and perceived lighted Faggots ready for Execution^ but they forfook the Convent and took to their Heels ^ leaving only behind them, fome Novices, a few Gentlemen, and 60 Spaniards fent thither the Evening before by the Viceroy, who furrendrcd, upon Condition of having their Lives and Cloathing granted them. The People were overjoy'd at this Succefs. They rufli into the Convent, and having fecured all the Small Arms, an4 18 Pieces of Ord- nance, that were there laid up for the Service of the City ; the former were diftributed among the Rabble, and the latter planted in different Quarters and Streets, and a fufficient Number of Men appointed to attend and guard them. la' All 1 16 Rise and Fall of All this was done by Mafa/tiello's Direction; who at the fame Time, commanded the Alarm^Bell to rlng^ as well to publifn the Victory he had obtained, as to make the Citizens rife in Arms, and multiply his Numbers ; folemnly protefling, That his T)efign 'UJiis not to incite the "People to Re- belUon^ but only, to make them ready to Jtand in defence of their Rights and Liberties. And to make his In- tentions yet more plain, he ordered the Standard of Spain^ together with the Enfigns of the City, to be fet up on the Top of the Steeple. About this Time, Mafaniello hav- ing Notice given him by his Scouts, that fome Spaniflo Forces, that were quartered in the neighbouring ViU jages, were making towards Naples :y he detach'd a Party to meet them; who, after having difarm'd them, fent tberh back to their former Stations ; w'lilft he himfelf marched, at the Kcad of a confiderable Body, to flop tlie Progrefs of 600 Germans^ that were fent from Capua^ by the Gover- nor of that City, to fuccour the Yicc- Toy. But upon the Approach of Ma^ fa- Masaniello. 117 faniellOy they laid down their Arms, without offering to make the leaft Re- fiftance ^ and furrendering themfelves, they were led into the City, where the Fifherman treated them fo well, that they went up and down the Streets, crying Long live the mojl faithful Teople of Naples. The People in the mean Time, were making diligent Search in the Archives of St. Laurence^ for the O- riginal Charters of Charles V. and King Ferdinand, But it being impof. fible for them to find 'em there, they grew more furious than ever; com- mitting many Outrages, and firing all the Goods and Furniture of Value they could meet with in the Convent ; which the Viceroy being informed of, and finding he could no Way appcafe them, without producing the faid Or riginals, he fent for the Archbilhop, and delivering them into his Hands^ with a Ratification of the Privileges therein contained, defired him to go to the Maiket-place, and fhew them to the People. The good Archbifhop, having the prigin^ Charters in his Poiicllio!:. I 3 mads 1 1 8 Rise and Fa l l of made no Queftion but he fhould foon quiet the Rabble, and put an End to the Commotions. Pleafed with this Thought, he loft no Time, but went diredly to the Market-place, where he was received with a great deal of Refpect and Honour by the Mob, who always had a great Veneration for this Reverend Prelate. From thence he went to the Church of our Lady of Carr/ihie^ followed by vaft Num- bers of People : And holding out the Charters in his Hand, he told them, He hoped they would now be fatis^ jied\ for he had brought them the Original Charters, which they fa much infifled upon, with a Confirm mat ion of all their Privileges under his Excellency's Hand and Seal: And they being, at his Eminence's Defire, read aloud, the foundeft Part of the People were tranfported with Joy, at the Profpecl of fo many Benefits they were going to enjoy, and already be- gan to return Thanks to Divine Pro- vidence, for bringing the Diftradions to fo happy an Ifilie, But the Ma- jority of the Rabble, ftill fufpefting ).h^ Charters to be ipurious^ and that the Masaniello. 119 the Archbifliop impofed upon them, as the Duke of Matalont .and the Prior of Rocella had done before, be- gan to murmur ; fome of them hav- ing the Infolence to ask his Eminence, If he came alfo to deceive them ? To this, the Archbifliop, who was deii- rous at any Rate, to procure Peace to his defolate Country, anfwered in the moft gentle Terms, -and endea- voured by all the Arts of Eloquence and Perfuafion, to dillipate their Doubts and convince them of their Error : He affured them, that the Chaiter^ were genuine; and protefted. That he was fo far from tmpofing upon them^ that he Jhould think himfelf happy, if with the Lofs of his own Life^ he could appeafe the TtimtUt^ and compleat all their IVijhes. At the fame Time, addrefling himfelf to Mafmiello, My dear Son^ lays he, / do ajfure you^ that thefe Charters are the very fame that the Emperor Charles V. and King Ferdinand /^;/V and feaPd with their own Hands : I do not however defire you to rely upon my bare Word^ but rather ad-^ fife you^ to put them^ into the Hands I 4 of lao Rise and Fall of of fon:e skilful Terfon , to perttfe them^ whtljl I ft ay here • and let him make his Report to the Teofle, My Lord^ replied Mafaniello^ I cannot call in §lueftion your Eminence s Honour and Goodnefs^ which have been fo cofifpcuous upon all Occaji" ons : III be bound for your Emi-- nence ^ for I am fully perfuaded^ that like a tender Shepherd^ you have no other End in the Trouble you take upon you^ than the Wel- fare and Tranquility of your Flock : But for the further SatisfaBion of the 'People^ I'll do as your Emi- nence advifes. And accordingly, hay- ing lent for Julio Genovino^ the Charters were deliver'd to him in or- der to be examin'd, who, after Ibme Time fpent thereon, declared them to be the true Originals defir'd. But fome of the Rabble underftanding , that the Inftrument, by which the Viceroy confirmed the Charters of Pri- vileges, was not io full as they ex- pected, and fearing they might ftill be brought to an After-Reckoning, they cried' out one and all, That it %z-as no Matter^ whether the Char- ters Masaniello. Ill ters were Original or not^ fo long as the Viceroy's Ratification of them was lame and imperfe^ ; and in- lifted, That Articles of Qaptulation Jhould he drawn tip by fome of their Body^ and that they Jhould he fignd by the Viceroy^ and the fever al Coun^ eils and Tribttnals of the Kingdom. The Cardinal Archbifliop was aftonifh'd at this Demand; but however, told them, He would fend Word to the Viceroy^ to know his Tleafiire there- in : Accordingly, his Eminence dif- patch'd one of the Gentlemen of his Chamber, to the Caftle, to inform his Excellency with the People's Preten^ fions. The Viceroy, wifely confider-^ ing, that it was in vain to contend with Force; and defirpus to fee the Troubles at an End, refolv'd to put as good Face upon it as he could; and therefore returned an Anfwer in Writing, to the Archbilliop's MefTage, fignifying his Agreement to the Pro- pofal; and v/ithal defiring his Emi- nence, to let the moji faithful Teo- pie know^ that whatever Articles they Jhould draw up^ Jhould not only be figned as they defifd^ but that he would lai Rise and Fall of would get them ratified as foon as ^ofifible by the King of Spain. The Archbifliop having communi- cated the Viceroy's Anfwer to the People, it was fome Time before they could determine, who to fix upon, to draw up the Articles of Capitulation : After much Cavil and Difpute, it was at length refolved , that Genovino Ihould be the Man^ and that the Ar- ticles fliould be read publickly the next Morning in the great Market- place, before they were laid before the Viceroy. 'Tis faid, that one of the Articles propofed by the Rabble, was, That the Caftle of St. Elma fhould be delivered into the People's Hands ; and that Mafantello feemed to approve the Motion, when Geno- vino (who had been won by the fe- cret Promifes of the Viceroy ) flood up and declared, That^ altho' the "[People might legally take up Arms to maintain and defend their Rights and Privileges^ purfuant to the determination of Pifanello, and fe- veral other the moft learned HoBors of Laws ^ in the Tear is^-?'-, jet, covJd they not infiji upon the Cajile ■• of MaSANIELLO. 11^ of St. ElmoV being fiit into their Hands^ withottt incurring the Impti^ tation of Rebellion. At the Word Rebellion, Mafaniello^ who had al- ways protefted, Ihat his only T)e^ Jign was^ to Jhake off the cruel Yoke of Gabels, and not his Allegiance to the King of Spaui, defir'd^ that no more might be faid about it^ and that he had rather die, than give his Confent to a "Demand^ that Jhould make him pafs for a Rebel. This was no irnali Proof of Geno^ vino's Influence upon the People; to oblige them to recede from an Ar- ticle fo prejudicial to the Interefts of Spain ^ and fo advantagious to the Neapolitans. But he gave a further Teftimony of his Credit, in caufing CicciO' Arpaja his antient and inti- mate Friend, who had been formerly condemned to the Galleys, for being concerned with him in the Confpiracy againft the Nobility, in the Duke of QPfuna\ Time, to be made Eleft of the People. . This Eleftion was pro- pofed by Mafaniello^ and approved of by the Rabble, who, feeing with what Zeal this Retailer of Filh aded for 1^4 Rise and Fall of for the publick Good, unanimoufly voted Arpaja into that eminent Sta- tion. The Archbilhop, who had been ever fince the Morning in the Church of Carmine^ finding, that every Thing concurred to a final Accommodation, retired very late to his Palace ; hav- ing firft obtained a Promife of Ma- famellOy Not to execute his TDeJign^ of firing that Nighty 36 Houfes of ^erfons of ^ality\ among which were the Palaces of the Duke of Ma-^ taloni'^ the Prior oi Rocella his Kinf- man ; T^on Ferrant Carraciolo ; ^on Carlos Spinello'^ Carlos Brancaccio-^ Cornelius Spinola\ the Vifitor- Gene- ral; and the Prince of Cellamare^ Chief Poll -Matter of the Kingdom. And in this, the good Archbifliop gave an illuftrious Example of Chrif- cian Charity and Forgivenefs : For the foremention'd Perfons, had all of them been principally concerned, in the Tumult that happened the Year before, at the Proceffion of the Re- Hques of St. Gennarro the Patron of Naples, in which his Eminence re- ceived Masanie}llo. 115 ceived many grofs Affronts and A^ buies. --1 Next Morning early, Ma/aniellojuly o* made a general Review of the People throughout the City of Naples ; where- in were found 114,000 Men under Arms, befides a great Number of Ci- tizens who were not inroll'd. In the mean Time, his Eminence the Cardi- nal Archbifhop Filomarino waited up^ on the Viceroy \ and in a long and private Conference, gave him an Ac- count of his Negotiation the prece- ding Day. From thence he went to the great Market-place, to be prefent at the reading of the Treaty of Ac- commodation, before the Aflembly ot the People. There was now great Hopes of feeing the Diftraftions at an End. The Rabble, fatisfied with the Vengeance they had taken, and dazzled by the Profped of fb many Immunities and Privileges they were on the Point of enjoying, abated of their former Fu- ry, and even figh'd after Peace. But a fatal and unexpefted Accident in- tirely ruined thefe good Difpofitions, and 1^6 Rise and Fa l l of and blew up the Flames of Difcord to a greater Height than ever. Jnft at the very Time, when the Market-place, as well as the Church and Convent of Carmine^ were crowd- ed with an irniinite Multitude of People, who all waited with Impati- ence, to learn the Succefi of the Ne^ gotiation^ about 5'oo Banditti, well arm'd and mounted , came into the Market-place, where they were re- ceived with great Demonftrations of Joy, upon their giving out, That they had been fent for by Domenico Per- rone, and were eome for the Service of the mcft faithful People, As foon as Miif^nieUo faw them, he thank'd them for their Good-Will ; and telling them to alight, appointed them diffe- rent Quarters of the City, where they fnould expert his further Orders ^- foot : Upon which , ^ err one told him, he judged it much more proper^ to affign them a feparate Standing to themfelves^ and by no Means to difinount them ; becaufe^ being oit Horfeback^ they would be much rea- dier to affift him in Cafe of Necef- fity : To this , Mnfaniello replied , \ That Masaniello. lay That it was altogether unnecejj'ary, and that they would be as fervtceable to him on Foot as on Horfeback, But, V err one warmly infifting upon their going mounted^ a7id in a Body^ with- out being able to give any good Reaibn for| it, Mafaniello began to fufped, that ibme dark Bufinefs was going forward j and therefore, perem- ptorily commanded the Banditti to go afoot to the ^tarter s he ajjigrid them^ and not to ftir an hich without his Order. He had no fooner fpoke, but a Mufquet was fired off- which , Mafaniello looking upon as the Signal of fome Mifchief, cried out, Treafon^ Treafon, There's a Tiot on Foot ; when five Mufquets were immediately fir'd upon him, by fome of the Banditti, who had Aid themfelves among the Crowd that furrounded him : And tho' a Bullet or two came fo near to him, as to finge his Shirt, yet he received not the leaft Hurt. ' The People feeing their General alive and without Harm, cried out one and all, That God, and the Lady ^Carmine had frotediea Mafaniello; and that this miraculous deliverance of his Terfon^ was Ii8 Rise a;^i Fall ^/ was a manifeft Toke7t that they ap- proved of his Undertaking : And fay- ing fo, ihey fell without Mercy up- on the Banditti; and having kilTd 30 of them upon the Spot, they pur- fued the reft into the Church and Convent of Carmine^ whither they had taken Shelter. Nor could the Holinefs of the Place fecure them from the People's Rage; who, in an Inftant, turn'd it into a Scene of Blood and Cruelty. Nothing was to be heard on all Sides, but the pier- cing Cries of the Wounded , w^ho, whilft they were calling for Confel- fors, met with the Stroke of Death. Two of them were flain at the Foot of the great Altar; and another un-* der the very Seat where the Arch- bifhop was, and whither the Appre- henfions of Death had hurried him. In fhort, the whole Pavement was foon covered with flaughter'd Bodies ; among w^hich were T)omenico ^errone and Gregorio Verrone^ the former hav-^ ing loft his Life, for being an Ac- complice in the Conipiracy and the latter, only for being Brother to the former. Capt. Antino Groffb loft his Life Masaniell6. 1^^. Life alfo, having iirft declared, Tbht the Banditti had been fent by the "Duke of Mataloni and Don Pepe CarafFa his Brother^ to revenge'^ by the T>eath of Mafariiello, the Infults he had received, from the Rabble : That Domenico Perrone was frivy tO the 'Plot ;, jlnd that feveral Troops more of Banditti were to come into the City at the Clofe of J)ay ; whh\ favoured hy the Nighty and the Cu^U fufion which the 'Death of MalanieHa ( which they looked upon as inevi- table ) mujl necejfarily create^ wer'B to fall tmawares upon the ^Peaple^ and cut them into Pieces, . Some Authors who have written o^jrMi^g ^h-:c\ the Revolutions of Naples^ ,have ^''l^l^'^;3^ firmed, 'X^\^l Perrone, Grojfo^ and i.^^^^W^ En- others, depoled before they died ,g^»^)^78n^ri " That the Market-place and thcet, /r/g; " Convent of Carmine were under^ " mined ; and that 15*, goo Pounds of ^^ Gun -powder^ had been conveyed \^ under Ground; in order to blovv' \^ them up, at a certain Hour of' the '' Evenings when they ihould be ^; moft crowded with People 5 by ^' which^ 'twas computed that upwards. K of i^o Rise and Fall of *' of 1 50,000 Souls muft have pe- '' riflicd in the Shock: That thofe ^^ whom the Flames Ihould fpare, ^' were to be put to the Sword, as '' well by the Banditti who were al- ^^ ready entered the City, as by fe- *^ veral Companies more, who were '^ appointed to joyn th^m in the ^' Evening, by Order of the Duke of *' Mataloni and T>on Tefe Caraffa^ " the principal Authors of the Con- ^' fpiracy. ■" But whoever examines thefe Things thoroughly, will find , that they are not only falfe in Fad, but even abfurd and inconfiftent with ro^n. de Mod. Rcafon. For, it is certain, that Ter^ romuQal'^.'^^one was ^o incapable of making thefe Depofitions, that the Rabble, who found him hid in the Convent, (where he had betaken himfelf as fbon as he perceived the Banditti had mifcarried in their Attempt) kil- led him outright, and cut off his Head, without giving him fo much as Time to fpeak one Word : Nei- ther is there any reafonable Man, who can imagine, that in lefs than 24 Hours, and at a Juncture, when the fufpicious Rabble were always upon their MASANlELLdi 1^1 their Guard, the Confpirators could have found Means to dig fo many Mines, and flow them with Rich vaft Quantities of Powder. Not but I very well know, that thefe pretended Depofitions, however falfe and ridi^ culous, were pahu'd upon, and cre- dited by an ignorant Rabble , and even countenanced by Mafaniello ; who, to give the better Colour to an Impofture, that ferved fo well to inflame the People's Refentmcnt and Hatred againft the Nobility, contented himfelf, with infiifting no other Pu- nifliment on one or two of the Baii^ ditti, than perpetual Banifhmcnt • up-» on Pretence, that they had made the forementioned , and other important Giriity/^^^ Difcoveries. ^'^f ^/^^^'■'^ , The Rabble had loon put to Dc2iih Re fcrvoirs in 1 CO Banditti : and having dragg'd ^'P^^J «'^^/ J ' r^ r ^ i n i c^ pi\med, and, their Carcales through all the StreetSf/^^ry^e^^/ and Kennels of the City, they brought ^^'/""^^ ^'/^ . Tv/r r* • 11 t ^^^'-^ drinking their Heads to MaJanteUo^ who QoviX-thtWaitrs-^, manded them, together with thofe of -^^^^^^''^^-^ 4"- Terrone and his Brother, to be iiy^'iitlTi^mToh' upon Poles in the Middle of the ^x^2X^'^^''''^^ ^[^h it Market-place : And this Order Vi^'^^^jhal contlns executed accordingly. mjfeifmth K - One^^'''"^^^''^^ i^i Rise and Fall of One would think, the fpilling of fo much Blood, would attone for the greateft Inhumanity, and that the People, after having facrifie'd fo many Lives to their juft Refentments, would have ftopp'd here and gone no fur- ther. But Mafankllo^ efteeming his Work but half compleated , fo long as he had net in his Power, the Duke of Mataloni and T>on Te^e Caraffa, ufed his utmoft Endeavours to find out the Place that contained them; fully determined, to glut his Vengeance with the Death of two Brothers, who had confpired againft his Life. To this End, he ordered feveral Companies of Horfe and Foot, to go in Search of the reft of the Confpirators, who had fled to feveral Churches and Monafteries for the Benefit of Refuge; but more efpe- clally, in Santa Maria de la nova^ where he was informed, that 1>on Tepe Caraffa^ and the Prior of Ro^ cella had alfo betaken themfelyes, to avoid, if poffible, the Fury of an in- cenfed Populace. Juft as the Companies were difpofing themfelyes to march, or rather to fly^ where Masaniello. 155 where their General's Commands, and their own Animofities led them ^ Advice was brought to Mafaniello^ that the Duke 0? Mataloni was at St. Efrem^ which is a Church belonging to thq Capichm Friars. The Generaliflimo was overjoyed at this News^ and re- folving, not to lofe for Want of Strength, this Opportunity of getting into his Power, an Enemy to whom he bore a moft inveterate Hatred, he added a frefli Detachment to the for* mer, which together made up a Body of 4,000 Men all armed ; and diC- patched them to St. Efrem, with pofitive Orders, to bring the "Duke to him alive or dead. But the Duke, more fortunate, having timely Notice of their March by a Spy, made his Efcape in a Friar's Weeds, and got fafe out of the City, where he took Horfe, and made the bell of his Way to BeneventG. The Mob being come to St. Efrem^ and feeing themfelves difappointed, fent feveral Ways after him, in Hopes to overtake him : But their Purfait was in vain; for being well mount- i^d, he had made fuch Speedy that K 3 they 154 Ri5E and Fall of they could get no Tydings of him. In the mean Time, they fteer their Courfe towards the Monaftery of Sa7i' ta Maria ^ -where T>on Te^e Caraffa and the Prior of Rocella had retired \ who, next to the Duke of Mataloni^ were the principal Objects of the People's Rage and Indignation. As the blood-thirfty Rabble went in Pur-^ fuit of thefe, they met fome of the Duke's Pages and other Dcmefticks, whofe ill-ftar'd Fate had brought in their Way, and whom, without hav- ing any Regard to their Innocence or their Prayers^^ they murder'd every one upon the Spot. This Tragedy being ended, with redoubled Speed, they continue their March to Santa, Maria^ where the Prior of Rocella^ who forefaw the approaching Danger, was exhorting his Brother ^Don Vefe to for Jake the Convent^ and Jly with him to fome Tlace of greater Safety : But he, over-ruled by his hard De- ftiny, and thinking himfelf as fafe there as in any other Place, refufeci to go : Wherefore, the Prior feeing he was refolded, told him, he wifh'd Jiim <^ ^^^/i^ ^Deliverance 3 and after a Ihort; Masaniello. 155 a fliort Embrace, with Tears in his Eyes, he took his Leave. Scarce was the Prior gone, when the furious Rabble furpri^ed the Place j and burfting open the Gates, rufhed into the Monaftery, ftripping and exa^. mining every Room and Corner of it one after another. T)on Tepe being nov/, tho' too late, fcnfibie of the Danger that threatened him, betook himfelf to the moft retired Part of the Monaftery, from whence he wrote ^ Letter to the Viceroy, acquainting him " with the Straiglits he was put ■' to, and defiring his Excellency, to ^' command a Cannon or two to be " fired without Shot upon the Mob, " only to fcare them and make them " difperfe, whilft he fhould attempt " an Efcape.'' This Letter he de- livered into the Hands of a Secular Prieft, a Confident of his, promifing him a great Reward^ if he could but convey it to the Cajile, But, as ill-Luck would have it, the Piicft was ftopp'd as he was going out, and ftridly fearched by the Rabble, who, finding the Letter in one of his Shoe 5, difpatch'd him upon the K 4 Spot 1^6 Rise and Fall of Spot and went in queft of Caraffa^ \vho, they were now more certainly affiired, was within. This unfortunate Man, feeing himfelf clofe purfued, and knowing, that the greateft Fa- vour he couhi expect from the un- jtierciful Populace, was prefent Death^ refolvcd to make unother Pufh for' his Life : And accordingly, having iii'ft changed his Habit , he threw, himfelf out of a Back-Windov/, from whence he ftole into a Houfe hard by the Convent, and hid himfelf Under a Bed. But his Reprieve was but very fhort ; for whether he was ifeen to go' in, or whether ( as fome' fty and 'is moft probable) a Woman that dwelt there, dlfcovered him to" the People in Hopes of a Recom- pencc, he was foon found out by' the Mob, and dragged into the Street -^ where, after he was covered over with Wounds, one Michel de Sanctis^ a Butcher's Son, cut off his Head with a Chopping-Knife. The Joy of the Rabble was as great upon this Occafion, as if they had obtained fome fignal Viclory; They fixed the Head of Caraffa' up- on Masanielj-o. 137 on a Pike, and bore it in Triumph to the Market-place, (the Body being dragged thro' the Kennels after it) crying as they went along, Thus may all thofe ferijh^ that are Traitors to the mofl faithful Teofle, The Head was prefented to MafaniellOy who, taking it into one Hand and ftr iking it feveral Times with a Cane which he held in the other, made a Speech to it, wherein he upbraided Caraffa with the Tride and Cruelty which he had Jhewn npon feveral Occaflons^ as if he had been ftill living. This ili-tim-d Reproof being ended, Mafaniello order'd the Heads of all the Banditti, that were taken in Santa Maria de la Nova^ and other Monafteries, to be fixed upon Poles in the Market-place, with thofe that were expofed there already : But the Head of Caraffa^ he commanded to be put in an Iron Grate ^ and, together with the Foot that had kicked the Archbifhop in the Proceffion al- ready mentioned, to be nailed to a Poft erected for that Purpofe, with- out the Gate of St. Gennaro^ facing the' 1^8 Rise and Fall of the Duke of Mataloni^ Palace, with this Infcription underneath. DON TETE CARAFFA, REBEL TO HIS COUNTRY AND TRAITOR TO THE MOST FAITHFUL PEOPLE, This Tragical Adventure made dif- ferent Imprefllons upon the Minds of thofc who were Witneffes of it. The People beheld it with unfpeakable Pleafure and Satisfaction; but the Nobles were equally ftruck with Fear and Horror, at the Thought of it : They knew not what to think, or what exped, after fuch a Terrible Example had been made of one of their Order, who at other Times, ufed to make the whole City, nay, the very Kingdom tremble at his Name : And what increafed their Apprehen- fions itiil the more, was, that fince the Difcovery of the Banditti's Plot, the better Sort of Citizens, who as yet, had had no Hand in the Tu- mult, now rife in Arms, and joyncd Qm, deiioii, thcmfelves to the Rabble. The Vice- roy, indeed, put a more favourable Con- Masaniello. 159 Conftriiaion upon this Event; and was even of Opinion, that the Con- fequence would infallibly turn to the Advantage of Spain, He fancied the People were fo wholly taken up in wreaking their Hatred ^nd their Rage upon the Nobility, that they would. of courfe, drop their firft Defign, and make no further Incroachments upon the Sovereign Authority; and that the Rupture, which the Death of Don ^Pe]^e Carajfa^ would certainly occa-- lion between the Nobles and the Commons, would reduce them to the Necellity of chufing the King of Sfa'm for Umpire of their Difference ; who had been heretofore equally the A-- verfion of both thefe Orders of the State. From all which, he concluded, That, in Cafe one of the Fadions Ihould declare itfelf againft the King of Spain y the other in Oppofition, would ftick by him ; and therefore he could not lofe the Whole, fp long as one Half Ihould be on his Side. Whilft the Viceroy was making thefe political Reflections, Mafanielhy from his Tribunal in the Market- placcj inviron'd with Heads and bloody 140 Rise and Fall of CarcaieSj was thundering againft the Nobility: And not fatisiied with the Death of Caraffa^ he iffued out a Proclamation, whereby he declare! the T>uke of Mataloni, cm Enemy ta the mojl faithful Teo^le ; promifmg a Reward of 30,000 Cro'wns^ with the Ranfom of i^o Outlaws^ for the apprehending of him* As the Filher- man was grown very diffident and fufpicious fince the Diicovery of the Confpiracy againft his Pcrfon, he made no Scruple to believe, that, it had been contrived by, or at leaft, carried on with the Confent and Approbation of the Viceroy • and therefore he deter- mined to reduce him to fuch Straighrs, as fhould at once revenge him, and force the Viceroy to accept of what- ever Conditions he fhould think lit to impofe upon him ; taking, at the fame Time, all poffible Precautions, to fcreen himfclf from the Refentment and Artifices of the Nobility, againft which, he thought he could not too well fortify himfelf To this End, he publifti'd an Order, prohibiting up--, on Tain of "Death and Firings all T^rfous tQ convey, ov caufe to be • con-^ Masaniello. 141 eonveyed^ any Trovifion or VtEiuals of any Rind whatfijever^ into the Cajile^ where the Viceroy was in a Manner pent up, with the Dutcheis his Wife, the Collateral Council ani the Council of State, and the greateft Part of the Nobility and Gentry of the Kingdom : And, as if he in- tended to make them perifii w^ith Thirft as well as Hunger, he caufed all the Aqueduds to be cut ofF, that ufed to ferve for the Conveyance of' Water to the Caftle. To this Order he added feveral others, commanding upon Vain of "Death and Firings That all tJye Nobles who were in the City^ floonld deliver up their Arrns into the Hands of certain Officers appointed for that Tnrpofe : That the City- Gates Jhould be all Jlnit npy and no-body fuffered to pafs or re-pafs, without a [fecial Order from the General : That diligent Search jhould be made after the Banditti who were concealed in Na^ pies : And^ That^ in Order to pre-^. *vent them from making any Attempt in the Night-time^ great Tiles of Faggots and Stubble Jhould be burnt in 14^ Rise and Fall of in all the Streets and publick T laces t That all the Windows throughout the City and Suburbs^ Jhould be iU luminated'^ and the TPeople be up in Arms. AH thefe Orders were as punftu^ ally and as diligently executed, as the Great Sultan's Commands are in Cthe People, and other inferior OU *^1 fleers therein fpecified, ftiould be ^'-pftofta every Six Zvlonths, by the • ■ " ' ': Com^' Masakiello. 151 *^ Commons, without Need of fur- -^ ther Confirmation : That the faid ^' Eleft fliould have ^s many Voices *^ as all the Nobility together, as it ^^ uied to be, before they had been ^^ ftripp'd of this Privilege by Don " Frederick^ and which the i^ofl " Catholick King Ferdinand had, in ^' the Year 15*05', promifed to re- " ftore to them : That the Viceroy •' fliould caufe the faid Articles to be " ratified by the King of Sfain^ -^ within Three Months after their ^' Publication; and that they fliould ^' be ingraved in Marble, and ^tt ^^ up in the Middle of the Great ^' Market - plage : That the People " fliould not lay down their Arms, ^' till the faid Confirmation of their ^^ Privileges : And laftly. That ia ^' Cafe they could not obtain fuch ^^ a Ratification, and the Execution ^^ of the faid Articles and Privileges, *^ they might with Impunity, rife in ^^ Arms, and ftrive to redrefs them* *' felves, without being deem 'd guilty ^^ of Rebellion, or Irreverence to the '' King of Sfainr L4 AU ^^ Rise anc( Fax-l oJ AUho' the Viceroy knew well e-. nOiigh, that thefe Articles were going fo ruin Fourfcore and Ten Thoufand Perfons, that were concerned in the Gabels; and what was ftill worfe, that th^ Minifters hereafter, could not rj^iife any more Sub{idies, nor ppprefs the Subjed, to fupport their Ambi- tion and Luxury ; yet, he figned them \v;th afmiling Countenance, and gave them to the Collateral Council, ^nd the Council of State, who, hav^. iag iigned them alfo in their Turns, %{$ Excellency returned them to Fa-, (her Francifco^ with the following X^etter to the Archbifhopo Moji Eminent^ ^HE ^uccefs with which it has^. 4 f leafed God to crown your Emi^ 'pence's Negotiations^ gives me the< greatefl 'Thafure and Satisfaction : ^or is it lefs^ than what I always exj^e^ed from your Lordjhifs great Care and Zeal for the Tublick Good. I congratulate your Eminence, there-- ^fon ; and befeech you to com^lea^ ijffje fi^qrk which you h^ve fo happly begun^ Masanieu-o. 153 hgun^ by a Solemn Promulgation of the Treaty, as defird by the Teofle, Tour Eminence knows of what Im- fortance it |>, to perform this Q- remony as foon as foffible^ and thaty the *I)elay of it^ cannot but be at- tended with many fatal Conjequen^ ces : I need nop therefore giv^ your Eminence any further Caution con^ cerning it. As for my Tart^ as no^. thing is fo dear to me^ as the Teace of the Kingdom^ and th^ Good of the Teoj^le, I have cheerfully granted them all their demands ^ and am fill ready to give them what further Satisfaction they can defire, God freferve your Eminence many Tears^ I am The greateft Servant of Your Eminence^ The "Duke of Arpo^, J'^rom CafelnovOy this 11th Day of y///y,i647. 154 Rise and Fall of Father Francifco having delivered the Articles of Capitulation fign'd hy the Viceroy, into the Hands of the Afchbifiiop, together with his Excel- lency's Letter, told him, That the Viceroy dejlred faffionately to fee Mafaniello, dndprayd his Eminence to manage an Interview between them. The Archbilhop therefore, in Compliafice with the Viceroy's Defire, ufed his beft Endeavours to perfuade Mafanieilo^ who, as well as the other liCaders, feemed at firft very averfe to it ;, but his Eminence, by the Force of his Rcafons, at length pre- vailed ; and it was appointed , that the Articles of Capitulation fhould be read publickly about Two o'Clock in the Afternoon, and that Mafaniello fliould afterwards go, in Company with the Archbifliop, to pay his Re« Ipeds to the Viceroy. It was no fooner noifed abroad, that the Treaty was cone bided and figned^ and that yi2i{zxi\^\\o was' to go to the Talace^ to make a 'Vip to the Viceroy^ but the Market-place, as well as the Church and Convent of the (QarmeliteSy were filled with Multi- t;ude^ Masanie j-i-o- 155 tildes df the Rabble, who, according; to their natural Ipconftancy, which niakes them fufceptible of every new Impreffion, by their Huzza's and Ac- clamations of Joy^ approved that Peace, which, but a few Hours be- fore they were fo avcrfe to. The Capitulations were read aloud, by a Notary in the Church of Carmimy jhe Cardinal Archbilhop, being there prefent, with Mafanieilo^ GenovinOy Arpaja the new Eleft, and infinite Numbers of People, who, by their repeated Io*s^ feemed to give their Affent to them and leal the Peace : Genovlno then went up into the Pulpit ; and after having made a ftiort Speech, wherein he extoli'd the Ad^ vantages of ¥eace^ and exhorted the^ AJfembly to give God Thanks^ for his wonderful Mercies in terminating the T^ifiraEiions, and reducing the City to a State of Ex:emption and Tranqttility^ he came down again; and the Whole concluded with a Te ^eum^ which was fung by two Choirs of Muficians whofe Voices were ac- companied with the Iweet Melody of ^U ^-ind of Inftmments, The. 156 Rise and Fall of The Ceremony being ended, The Archbifliop, and the Chief Officers of the People fet forward for the Viceroy's Palace. Mafaniello^ who, ^t the Archbifhop*s Pcrfuafion, had thrown off his Mariner's Drefs, ap- ' peared on Horfeback, with a magni- ficent Habit, a tow 'ring Plume of Feathers in his Hat, and a drawn Sword in his Hand ; and thus accou- tred, rid before the Archbifliop's Coach : His Brother, alfo in a rich embroidered Suit, rid on the Right- Side of his Eminence ; and Arpaja^ Tribune of the Commons on the Left : Julio Genovino came laft, followed by 160 Companies of Horfe and Foot, confining in all of about 50,000 Men. It would be hard, to tell how many Praifes and Bleffings were bcftow'd upon the Fifherman, as he pafs'd along the Streets, by one and the other Sex, who out of a grateful Senfe of the great Deliverance he had wrought for them, juftly honoured him with the Glorious and Deferved Title of THE SAVIOUR OP HIS CQUNTRY. Nor did tbey MasanieIlo^ i$7 they exprefs their Gratitude by theif Words more than by their Adions. The Men ftrewed the Way before him, with Palm and Olive Branches } and the Ladies from their Windows and Balconies, which were hung with the richeft Silks and Tapeftry, cur- tefied as he went by, arid throwed down Flowers and Garlands which they had made on Purpofe : The Air was fiird with the ravifhing Har- hiony of peaceful and foft-founding inftruments, and nothing was to be heard, but univerfal Sounds of Joy and Triumph. Mafaniello being arrived, amidfl: lo much Praile and Applaufe, to CaJieU novo, the Captain of the Viceroy's Guard came out to falute him, in the Name of his Excellency, and bid him a Welcome to the Palace. A* malphi gravely, and in few Words teturnM the Compliment; and then making a Sign to the People, thac they Ihould be filent, he addrefled himfelf to them in the Manner fol* lowing. 158 KisE and Fall of My dear Cowf anions mi Country fnen^ *' T ET us jbyfiiliy offer up our a L/ Praifes and Thankfgivings to ^^ God, and the moft Gracious Lady, " of Carmine j for the Recovery of " our former Liberty; that dear, " that precious Liberty, which makes ^^ the Memory of thofc (Jlorious Mo- *' narchs, FerdiAand and ChaH'es V. " to be of fo great Veneration a- " mongfl: us. Now fliall we fee re- " vive thofe Golden Days which made ^^ our . Fore-fathers glad under their " aufpicious Sway : Like them, wc ^^ jDhaU be — — — -^ nay, wo are al- " ready like them, exempt and free ^' froni all Gabels and Impofitions : " No niore fliall we groan under the " cruel and intolerable Oppreffiori of " inhumane, blood-thlrlty Governbrs: " No longer toil and iOiave, like Beafe *^ of Burden, to feed the Pride and ^' Luxury of ambitious and haiighty ^' Tyrants : Heneeforthjj every Marl " fliall injoy the Fruits df liis ^owri ^^ Labour and Indufl:ry, and F^eace ** and Plenty fliall for ever flourifii it MASANlEttO. 159 in Naples, I fee, my Friends, a " folemn Joy (its upon all youf Brows ; and well may you rejoice ** for fo noble an Acquifition. For, ^' who is the Brute that has the ^' publick Good fo little at Heart, as ^' not to overflow with Gladnefi up- " on this great Occaiion ? If there jiUdh^ t^ *' be any fuch, let them die like'^^'^«^^'^'^'!^ " Dogs^ unpitied, unlamented ; andmvJIy r^/f " may an everlafting Brand of In^Re^oration of " famy be fixed upon their Names/'^'^^^'^''^ " As for us, my beloved Country- " men^ let us from this Moment ba- " nifli all Sorrow from our Hearts : '^ Let u$ ever commemorate this great, ^' this happy Day, in which we re- ^' cover our Rights, our Privileges, ^^ our Freedom, our Lives, our AIL " Does not this fudd^n, this bleffed "^ Change furprize you my dear AC* ^' fociates ? Loft in Tranlport and A- *^ mazement, do you not look upon ^Mt as on a pleafing Dream, and aU " moft doubt whether you are awake? *' Yes, I know you do. But fee my mUing 00 " Friends, this is no Illufion : Bc-^cLnlrT''^ " hold here, the facred and fubftan- ^ ti^I Pledges of thoie imni^nfe Be^. I6b Rise and FalL of *^ nefits wc boaft; this the Gift of ^* the Emperor Charles V. and this, *' of Royal Ferdinand \ whofe great ^' Shades, even nov^, rejoice^ to fee *^ us, their After-Subje^b, happy in '' the PofTeffion of thofc Bleffings " which we derive from them. Dreams " vanifh away in an Inftant, but Thefc *' fhall ftand for ever. -But do ^' not think that I dwell thus on the '' great Advantages, which ^ by my " Toils and Fatigues, I havb procured " for ybu, to inhance the Merit of' " my Aftions, in Hopes of being re- *' warded for them : No, I efteem " the Pleafure and the Glory of be- *^ ing inftrumental to the Good of my " Country, a far greater Recompencc ^' than dll the Wealth in the Uni- *' verfe ; and , that that aloiie has " {purred me oti^ and been the fole | " Aim of this fuccefsful Undertaking, *' let his Eminence the Archbiflibp " witnefs for me : He has ejcperierie'd *' my Dififitereflednefs, in my Rcfufal *^ of the Two Hundred Crowns a- " Month, which, in the firft Day " of the Revolution, he offered t6 ** fettle upon me during Life \ if I '* WQul4 M^aVa NIELLO.' ' i6i *« would bat' calm your Refcntments^ *' and make you defift front your juft *' Pretenfidiis. Nor, even at thisTime^ ^' ftiould I have thrown off my tat- ** ter'd Weeds, to affume this gaudy ** Magnificence^ Had not his fimw '* nencCj for Decency's Sake, and? uj^iorj *^' Pain of Excommunication obliged *« me to It. No, no, I iam ftill Ma^ ^' faniello the Fifherman; fuch tvas '* I born, fuch have I liv'd hithertOj t« and fuch I intend to live and dici ^« And after having filhed 'for^ .^n^ «« caught the Publick Liberty, in that <^' tenipeftuous Sea wherein it had bccH <« immerfed fo long, Til return td *' my forni(^.r' CohditioriL; teferving *' rlothirlg for myfelf, but my Hdok '^ and Line, with whith to provide^ *^^ daily for 'the neCeflary Support, of " the Remainder of my Life. The *' only Favour T fhall defire of you^ " in Token of Acknowledgment for *' all my Labours is, Thlt wheil I " am dead , you wiir each of you ** fay an Ave Maria for me : Do " you promife me this?.'* The People ^nfwer'd, Tes^ hut let it be an Ilun-^ ^red Tears hence: M^J faniello replied^ M . :: My i6^ Rise md Fail of *' My Friends, I thank you; and ** as a further Teftimony of my Love ** to you, and my Adherence to your *' Interefts, \ will give you two '' Words of Advice : The firft is, *' Not to lay down your Arms, till ** the Confirmation of yo.ur Privileges ** arrives from Sfain : The Second, *' That above all Things, you would *' miftruft the Nobility, who have ** always been our fworn and profef- *' fed Enemies : Take Care of them, ** and be upon your CJuard ; for, " like hungry Wolves, they'll watch *' an Opportunity, when you a're de- *' fencelefs, to fall upon you and " devour you -I am now going *' to negotiate with the Viceroy, and ^' ftiall foon be with you again ; at *' leaft, before To-morrow-Morning ^ " but, if you do not fee me then, ^' you may fet Fire to the Palace : Whereupon they having all promifed him they would do it ; he concluded his judicious Harrangue, with amplir* fying very much upon ** the Advan- *' tages that would accrue to the King " of Spain^ by the Aboliftiment of ^' the Gabels* which being prejudi- *' cial MA^ANIEtfcdo i6| *' clal only to the Partilans, thofe irt^ *' fatiable Leeches, that had fiicked " the pupeft of their Blood, His Ma-* " jefty Ihould, for the Time to com^j ^' injoy his Revenues intire, which ^ '^' hitherto, ufed to be almoft vAioWf " abforb'd by his Minifters. This eiliphatical and lareaftick Speech being ended^ and the Arch^ bifhop having, at Ma/aHiello's Re^ queft, giveri his Bleffing to the People^ the General commanded them under Pain of Difobedicnce, to follo\?/ hinl no further; and then Went into the Palace with the Archbiihop, Gen&vi^ ito^ Arfaja and Mateo d'Amalphi his Brother. His Excellency, the Vice-' roy, flood ready at the Stairs- Head to receive them. As fboti as Mafa^ niello faw him, he threw himfelf at his Feet, and having kifled them, ana thanked his Excellency in the Name of all the People, for his gracious Ap-* probation of the Treaty^ he told him^ he was come thither to receive whdt'^ foever Sentence his Excellency Jhotild think Jit to pafs upon him. But the Viceroy, raifing him up and embra- M % cing 164. Rise and Fall of cihg him, anfwer'd, fhaf he was very glad to fee hlm^ and was fo far from thinking he was criminal^ that he would give him daily Troofs of his Favour and Efteem, To this, Mafa- n'teito replied, that God was his Wit- nefs^ that the only Scope, and End of all his T)efigns^ was the Service Of the King and of his Excellency : After which, the Viceroy, the Arch- bilhop and MafanieUo ^ retired all three, into a private Apartment, in order to confuit together upon the prefent Pofinre of Affairs. During this Conference, there hap- pened an Incident, which fufficiently gave the Spaniards to underftand^ how much the People efteemed Ma~ fanietlo^ and how anxious they were for his Safety. A great Conc6urfe of People, whom, the Rumour of Ma^ faniello's Vifit and the Curiofity of feeing their General in his new and fplendid Equipage had drawn toge- ther from feveral Parts, having re- forted to the Palace-Yard, where they ilaid a confiderable Tinle without fee^-^ ing him appear, began to murmur, fearing that fome Mifchance was be- fallen Mas A NIELLO. 165 fallen their Chief, and that the Vice- roy had violated his Faith to him, , and caiifed him to be arrefted, or perhaps murdered. The Murmur in- creafed; and the Rabble grew at laft fo clamorous, that their Noife reach'd the Viceroy '3 Earis, who being informed of the Reaibn of it, to appeafe the Tumult, immediately Ihewed himfelf with his Company in a Balcony, where Mafaniello having affur'd the Multi- tude, that he w^s fafe and under no manner of Rejtraint, they all cried out. Long live the King of Spain, long live the T>uke of Arcos. The Fifeerman then told his Excellency, he would prefently let him fee how obedient the Neapolitans were-^ and at the fame Tinie, putting his Finger to his Mouth, the Rabble ceafed their Cry ; a profound Silence imme- diately followed ; and among fo great a Multitude, there was fcarce one of them feen to breath : Then, com- manding ufon Vain of Rebellious that ^very Soul there jhould retire^ the Court -Yard was cleared, as it were, in an Inftant, and not a Man left upon the Place. M3 The I $6 Rise and Fall of The Viceroy, having confidered with no fmall Surprize, this Kind of a Miracle, renewed the Conference with the Archbifhqp and Mafanielh\ wherein it was refolved, That the (Capitulations, that had been Jlgne indeed he fe- veral times refufed ; but, at thq Archbllhop's earneft SoUipitation ^kt length accepting of it , he was, at the fame time, by his Excellency^ created Duke of St. George. The Viceroy accompanied tlfiis great Ho- nour, with many Carefles, which pro- bably were meant only to amufe Ma^ faniello ; who, after having kifled the Viceroy's Knee and taken his Leave, M 4 waited 11^8 Rise md Fall of .waited uppn the Archbilhop as far :^ % ?^^^ce; .^nd fron> thenc^ retired \i 1^13 Eminence's, Goach pr^y late, ia {hq Eyening '^o; ' ^is' own 'Houfe, j at- ti:f,decl ][)y a number lej^ Throng of Feqplc, \^^hd, by their Acclamations, gj>nfires, and Ringing of Bells, gavq ppblick 5>emonfl:rations.| of. : their Joy ^^d Gratitude. " ''! . |S^U> ''^: The.6ay;foUowing, '4^;/i^^^ iit fy^^ o^( ^ 1Pr6;glamation,- .whereby he . <^pTpedi ^ TZ'^ t.he ^0§cs^ of Capaii General , pq \fwf^kh \ th 'teofk hAt\ j^r^pMOted hm^}-. -had heen ., coiifirriied i^jV^f- ^^^^iyViceroy'^^;''' KxA, at ^fi.er^anie Time^' caufing another Tri^ {)una.l .tp. be. erc£led ia Tf'^^^'^-Street, mi4 . iet^^tVW),^ alf manner of Jn-. ftjiirnents ^lifed" in; Execu;^Ionsj, he . ,'^p-j ppln'tKd 'a I)eput;y to a'^ ' tterc under ^m^;j^n(J applied ' hiiiifiif >^ith' as ^ucli Ai^r, and, morp, ,'J^uthority: tBgo'.eYerr,' to -the cxteroirnating^' the!; EaBditti /md ^the puhilhJhg of .Of-' f^iiders, ' ^^hlcjn ^ did wit h^To', much' i}^ Juftice^ 'that among^ other Ex^. amples of his Severity^ a' Baker who W ; made lys ; Bread fonie . Ounces i^ghter than .r'ftiQ Affile, -w.as' by him' h. ■;•... , • ad- Masaniello. |6^ adjudged to be btirnt alive in his own Oven ; and the Sentence was, executed accordingly. Nor was the Fiftierman fo intirely taken up in the rigorous Purfuit- of the Outlaws, and other flagitious Per- fons, but he revived, this Morning, federal Bans and Orders formerly pub? lilhed ; and exhibited many new ones, reletting to the Polity and Civil Go- vernment of the City. Among thefe, was, An Order ^ commmd'mg all Ter- fons within an Hour of Nighty to retire to their refpecfiveT>wellmgs: An Order^ for Tradefmen and Sho^-- kee;pers to oj>en their Shops on the Morrow^ and follow their Occupati-^ ons as ufual : An Order, that Stran-^ gers as well as Natives^ do put up the Arms of the King of Spain on the Right'Hand of their Gates^ and thofe of the mojl Faithful Teople on the Left : And whereas, fince the Beginning of the Troubles, feveral Noblemen, Cavaliers and Ladies had betaken themfelves to divers Convents, Nunneries, and other Religious Hou- fes, in order to avoid the Fury of a diftrafted Multitude; another Order ' ^ w^s! 170 Rise and Fa l L of piibliflicd by Mafaniello^ commanding them^ forthwith to repair to their own Houfes. All thefe Orders, (to- gether with many more too tedious and too minute to mention) being affixed to Pofts and pubUck Buildings, and fubfcribed THOMAS ANI^ E LLO d'jlmal^hi^ Head and Cap^ tain-General of the mojt Faithful Teople of Naples, were obeyed v/ith wondrous Exaftnefs, by Perfons of every Rank and Quality. And indeed, our Fifherman who knew of what ill Confequence it would be, to fufFer the Crime of Difobedience to go un- piiniihed, would never have pardon'd the leaft Infringement of any of his Commands : He was fatisfied, that nothing was fo requifite in the carry- ing on his great Defign, as the exact Obedience of the People, and there- fore, from the very Beginning of the; Infurrtclion, he chiefly applied him- felf to form them to it; and he wifely judged with Epaminondas, That the Obedience of the Soldier is the frmeji B^fis a7id Support of a General^ whofe Arms^ with this Ad-^ vantage^ can feldom fail of Succefs. But, Masaniellq* 171 But, fince I have mentioned the Name of Epaminondas^ I Ihall take the X-ibeity to introduce a memorable Story of that Great Man, which, as it is pertinent to- our Subject, will not I hope, be unacceptable to the Rea-- der. This renowned General of the Thebans^ being on the Point of giv- ing Battle to the Greeks^ was by the Oracle advifed to defer the Engage- ment^ becattfe the Stars portended an entire ^Defeat of his Army^ and on the contrary, promifed a fuecefsful Event to his Enemies. But E]^a^ minondas^ whofe Wifdom equal'd his Courage, bethought hiinfelf of an ingenious Device, by which he ad- vanced his Glory in Spite of the ma- lignant Influence of the Stars. The Stratagem was this : He writ in a Pair of Tablets, If you obey your headers^ the Oracle declares you. Victorious *^ and in other Tablets he writ. If you obey not your Leaders^ the Oracle denounces "DeflruBion \ and then caufed thefe Oracles to be prefented to his Soldiers, who, find- ing that Succels and Vidory depended iipon their Obedience to their Com^^ • - ' manderj I7^ Rise and ¥ ALT. of - tnander, with uncommon Bravery for* ced the Intrenchment of the Enemy, and came back triumphant. While Mafaniello was ifTuing out Orders, hearing of Complaints, re- ceiving Petitions, and paffing Decrees, Information was given him by his A- gents, that they had taken a Felucca with fix Mariners aboard^ and four Jl?6rt Coats compleatly armed ^ upon one of whom they had found a large Racquet of Letters -^ that they Jjad hound them , and came to know his "Tleafure^ how they floould difpofe of the 'Frifoners, The General ordered them to be brought before hm\ which being accordingly done, and the Let- ters opened, it appeared they were fent from the Duke of MaJtulani to his Secretary : But, nothing could be gathered from them, bccaufe they were written in a myfterious and un- intelligible Manner ; Alafaniello ihtit- fore commanded the Jloort Coats to he dragged to the Rack^ in Hopes that Torments might force the?n to a 'Dtfcovery. But whether they were ignorant of any Defign, or would not difcloie what they knew, they fufFer'4 MASANlELtO. 17^ long the Torture, after which, they had their Heads taken off and fix'd upon Poles, for an Example, to de-* ter others from bringing Meffages from the declared Enemies of thd Common-wealth. The fix Mariners were alfo ftriftly examined; but their Innocence appearing evidently by the Ingenuity of their Anfwers, they werd acquitted and fet at Liberty. Though nothing, as has been faid, could be inferred from the intercepted Letters, tending to the Hurt or Pre- judice of "the moji faithful Teofle^ yet did they very much increafe Mcifamello\ Diffidence ; who, to pre- Tent the Duke of Mataloni from putting in Praftice any Projed he might have on Foot, appointed Thirty Thoufand Men more for the Guard of the City and Suburbs, and renew'd the Order of the preceding .Day, to let none come in of go out at the City-Gates without his fpecial ^er-^ miJJIon. Nor was this all ; for he detached feveral Parties of arm'd Men, to go in Search of the Duke's Ser^ vants, and of fuch other Perfons ^i were either related to him, or had anv 174- Rise W Fall d/ any Dependance upon him; fully re^ folved, to exert his Vengeance upon him in the Perfons of his Friends or Domefticks. Whereupon feveral of them being apprehended and brought before him, he caufed them to bd tortured, in order to make them re- veal where the Duke was, or whercf he had concealed his Goods : Among thefe, a Slave of the Duke's being taken as he was leading a Couple of fine Horfes, to fave his Life, declared, that his Mafters Goods were hid in fe-veral Monafteries which he nam'd, and who, upoh the Generars Sum- mons, furrender'd all the Duke's rich Moveables, computed to be worth above FiveHundred Thoufand CrownSj befides Four Thoufand Crowns in Spe- cie. Mnfaniello caufed the faid Goods to be immediately tranfported to a Magazine hear the Market-place^ and there laid up without any- body's daring under Pain of Life, to carry off the leaft Rag ^ but the Money he diftributed among the Centinels whom he had appointed for the De- fence of the City. And not contented with having deprived this Nobkmarr of Masakielio. 175 bf fo many Riches, he ordered his Palace at Chiagia^ which was a noble and magnificent Structure, to be burnt; in the Execution of which Order, the furious Rabble chancing to find his Picture, after they had ftrangely mangled and disfigured it, Mafani-^ eilo himfelf hung it upon the fame Poft to which the Head and Foot of Don Vejl^e Caraffa w^cre faftened , putting this Tnfcription in large Let- ters underneath : THIS IS THE DUKE OF MATALO RI, REBEL TO HIS MAJESTY, AND TRAITOR TO THE MOST FAITHFUL PEOPLE. One Thing very remarkable in this Event, and which by many has been look'd upon as a Judgment of God, isj that the Poft on which were lliC- pended the Head of Caraffa^ and the Effigies of the Duke of Mataloni^ was ereded upon the very Spot where the innocent and unfortunate Prince of Sanza had , at the Inftigation of thefe two Brothers, been beheaded, pur- iyfe Rise and Fall of purfiiant to the Sentence pafled upon him by the Duke of Medina de las Torres^ then Viceroy of Naples. While Mafaniello was thus wreak- ing his Rage, not only i:pon the Duke of Mataloni^ bat upon feveral other rich Perlons, whofe Koufes were by his Command either burnt or denio- lifh'd, the Viceroy who faw himfelf quite deftitute of Provifions in Caftel^ novo^ fent him a MefTenger to acquaint him with his Neccilities, and to dejire him to fend him fome Relief. Ma- faniello readily confented, and fent him fifty Men heavy loadep with all Sorts of Provifions : And to ftiew himfelf ftill more complaifant to the Spaniards^ he ordered .great Store of Victuals, as well as a Supply of Mo- iiey to be given to T^oria the Ad- miral, who, notwithftanding his re- J)eated Inftances to Mafaniello^ could never obtain Leave for himfelf or any of his Men to conie afhore. By this Time, the Fifherman of -^- inalphi grov^n inlblent with Succefs and Power, expeded Obfervance from every Body, even the Princes of the church J and therefore he fent a MeP fagc .Masaniello. , i;f| lagc to the Viceroy, intimatiqgj that he wondered very much he had not Tceii Cardinal Trivukio all this v/hilco The Cardinal, who had an Apart- ment in the Viceroy's Palace, being ad- vifed by his Excellency and the Arch-" bifiiop to V\(\t Mafduielto^ who o^ thervvife might be apt to take Excep- tion, and perhaps affront his Lord- fliip, went in his Coach to the fvlar- kel-place, where he fiiluted the. baie^. footed Fifherman with the . Title, ol moji Illufirtous '^ to wh.ich Mafaniei''- Ig replying, {^d}A^This Vijit fro?n ^'oitr Eminence ; tho' indeed it be Jh/i'e^_ thing of the lateft^ is n evert hclep ve?y dear to me. The Standers-Bv could fcarce forbear laughing at his Words ; and fome of thcni v^^cre evcii offended, to fee a Fellow extractea out of the Dirt, arrogate as much State as if he had been the greateil Prince in Chiiftendom. His Eminence, after a fliort Vifit, took his leave, and Md-^ fanlello ordered two Files of Mufque- teers to conduct him to the Caftle. But, before he could well get there^ ftveral Gentlemen came In l\\Q. Vice-^ rby's Name^ to return Mafaniello N THarin^ lyS Rise and Fall of Thanks for the Refrefhments • he had fenthim, and defired him to accept of divers Prefcnts which they brought from his Excellency. And foon after, he received another MeiTage from the Vice-Queen, V'/ho.dcfired to know how he did, and alfo prefented him with a rich Suit of Cloaths, which fhe pray'd him to wear for her fake. The great Day at length appeared, In which the Inhabitants of Naples expected to fee the Public Tranquili- ty fully reftored and firmly eftablifli- ed', by the folemn Sanction of the Capitulations ; the Ceremony of which, was to be performed in the Cathedral Church. Mafamello having fpent all the Morning in he;aring Caufes, re- dreffiag Grievances, and making feve- ral Regulations relating to Affairs both Civil and Militar3^ the Viceroy, irri- mediately after Dinner, fent him a Pair of very fine Horfes very richly caparifoned, the one for himfelf, and the other for his Brother, to appear with at the Calvacade. All things being in a Readinefs, Mafamello and his Brother both dreC- fcd in Cloth of Silver TilTuC;, move flow* ilowly towards the Caftle, tile for- mer bearing a drawn Sword in his Hand, and the latter the Articles of Capitulation. Next after taefe came Julio Genovino and Clccio Ar^aja^ the Elect of the People ; followed by ail incredible Multitude of People, which. thickened from Street to Street, by- other Numbers that joyn*d them as'. they went along. They came to the Palace, where Alafafiiello hdmn^ v\\Qt with a moil courteous Reception from the Viceroy, foon after came down -X-- gain with his Excellency, the, Colkte- ral Council, the Council of State,, and. all the principal Officers and Magi- ftrates of the Kingdom, v/ho, in great Pomp and Order, went together to the Cathedral. The ArchHlfliop, at. the Head of his Chapter, ftood ready at the Church -Door to receive them : And being entered and feated every one, according to his Rank and De- gree of Precedence, the Capitulations were read aloud by T>onato Coppola Secretary of the Kingdom ; after which the Viceroy, the Councils of State and War, the Ro5ral' Chamber of Santa Chlara^ the Tribunals of ih^' Chan^ M 2, eery; i8o Rise and Fall of cery^ and all the Civil and Criminal Judges of the Great Court of the V't- caria^ Iwore upon the Holy Evange- lifts to obferve them inviolably forever^ and to procure without Tielay the Ratification of them from his Catholick Majefty. During the Reading of the Articles, Mafaniello ftood up all the while with his Sword drawn in his Hand, and was very bufy in explain- ing fome of them to the People, and inlarging very much upon others : But, as foon as the Oath had been adminiftred, and Te T^eum fung by an Excellent Chorus^ he made a Ha- rangue, wherein he addreffed himfelf fometimes to the Viceroy and fome- times to the Multitude ; confounding fe- veral good Things with many fenfelcis and impertinent "ones, which the Pride of having fuccefsfuUy brought about fo great a DeGgn, made him utter with a deal of Boldncfs and Freedom of Speech. Having finilhed his Dif- courfe, he began to tear in Pieces the rich Drefs he had on, and defired the Archbifhop and the Viceroy to help him off with it, faying, That as he had mt'ly fut it on for the Honour of the Masaniello. i8f Ceremony^ it w/is now become ufelefs Jince that was ended \ that for his ^ar^, he had done all he had to do^ and would now return to his Hook and Line. This Proceeding feems to have been a Prelude to the Madnels which not long after poffeffed him. However, being made to underftand, that it would he very indecent to Jtrif m the Churchy and in the Sight vffo many T^erfons^ he went out with the Viceroy, who, with all the No- bility and Gentry that attended him, made a Proceffion through the moft publick Streets of the City, and then leturned to tlie Caftle, where he was faluted by leveral Peals of Oi'dnance. Mafaniello having taken his leave of the Viceroy, went back to his Houft in the Market-place, through all the Acclamations and Bleffings that were due from the People to the great Re-. ftorer of their Privileges. July 14, Thus ended that happy Day, which crown'd all Naples with Joy, and put a new Face upon the whole City. And the next, Mafaniello, as the Au- thor of this great Change, was con- gratulated, and received the Com^li- N 3 mni.tj , 1^2 Rise and Fall of rncnts of feveral of the Nobiliiy and Gentry, the Minifters of State, and ahnoft all the Ecclefiafticks and Religious Orders of the City, who, from thence went to pay their Refpects alfo to the Archbiihop, and returned him Thanks, for having by his great Zeal and indefatigable Care^ contri-^ btited very much to bring the Commo- tions ^io fo a happy a Teriod. But, Mafaniello^ who from the fe- venth Day of Jtily to the Sunday foU lowing, had behaved himfelf with fo much Wifdom and Kingly Authority, to the great Surprize of every Bod/, grew deli i:. us all on a fudden. His Madnels iirft appeared, by the Man- lier in which he treated the moft U- luftrious Carajfelli^ Archbiftiop of San- ta Severina, This Prelate having Occaficn to repair to his Archbiihop- nek, and there being an Order, ftill in Force, forbidding any Body to go out of .the City^ ^I'ithout a 'Licence jirft. obtained from Mafaniello, he w^ent to his Houfe in order to get one. What ^jimildjl thou have^ my fine Lord^ faid the Fiiherman as foon as he favy ,hini ? ' Jour Leave, reply d his Emi-^ * Masai^iello. i8^ Eminence^ to go to my Church in Ca- labria, whither my Ajfairs call me • Upon which Mafaniello called out^ Who waits there ? Let four Hun- dred Men get ready quickly to accom-, fany my Lord as far as his BiJJoo^- ricL Sir, fays the Archbifliop, / do not go by Land^ but by 'Sea ; and for that Tttrpofe^ have provided four Feluccas to tranfport me and my Fa- mily, Four Feluccas^ anfwered Mafa- niello ! Tou mean Forty ^ my Lord ; at leaf I intend you fball have fo ma-- ny to attend you. Sir^ reply 'd the Archbifhop, / thank you.^ hut four will ferve 7ny Turn as well as For-- ty ; more would not only be needle fs^ but troublefome, IVell^ fays Mafa^ niello, oftcring liim a Bag full of double Piftoks, as to that ^ your Lord- fhip may do as you pleafe \ but you Jhan't refufe this little Trefent^ which I defire you to accept of 'twill defray the Expence of your Voyage. The Prelate Imird, and giving him many Thanks, told him, he did not want them. Nay, replied Mafaniello.^ did not I fay I would not be refufed? Here., I command you upon Tain of N 4 n^ } 8 4- Rise and Fa ll of ^ ^V ^Difpleaftire^ to take them. The Archbiihop thinking it unilife to relift fhe Caprice of a Madman, was forced to compound, and at laft accepted of five Hundred of them* The Fiiher- fiiah then gave hini a Pals-pbrt in Writing, ' and . having imbraced him, \yifhed him a good' Voyage, Much a- Baut the fame TimiC, a Gentleman of 4^nverfa coming to fpeak with him ^T)0ut fome private Concerns of his 0wn, he dispatched him, with a Kick fn'the Br- -ch, {\xy\n2^^* Be gone, I make thee 'Prince of Auverfa. * ' IVlany and various are the Refiecli- pns th.At have been made upon thf^ fiidden Madncfs of Mafanielio, Some are of Opinion', That that ftupendous Hci2:ht of Power to which he arrived, as it were m an Inftant, made huii giddy and turned his Brains. Othcri; will have it to be occafioned by the great and continual Fatigues he un- derwent, fcarce ever allowing himfelf time to take the naUiral Refrefhments of Food, or Sleep. But, the moft pro- bable and received Opinion is, that the Viceroy had given him an intoxi^ eating Draught, which, by inllari:flng Ills Blood, Ihouid malvc him commit fuch Mas A NIELLO. 185 inch Extravagancies, as would oblige the People to defpife and forfake him. Without extending myfelf particu- larly upon a Relation of his Follies, I fhall only pbierve, that the Sunday immediaiely following the Conclufion of the Treaty, he got. on Horfe-, back, and riding full fpeed through all the Streets of Napks^ he not only a- bufed, maimed, and even killed many Perfons who had the Misfortune to come in his Way ; but alfo caufed feveral Officers, for the moll trivial Offences, to be apprehended, and put inftantly to Death. About three of the Clock in the Afternoon, he went to the Palace^ having a ragged Coat on his Back, only one Stocking, and without either Hat, Sword, or Band ; and Ihewing liimfclf in this Equipage to the Vice- roy, he told him, he was almojt Jiarvd to T)eath^ and would fain eat fomethtng. Whereupon his Excel- ^ lency calling to his Servants, and com^ mandinj fornething to be brought and Jet before the Lord Mafaniello, A^ m alp hi reply'd, that it was no Mat- ter^ for he did not come then to eat^ but 1 86 Rise and Fall of but to dejire his Excellency to accom- pany him as far as PofiUipo, where theyjhotild take a Collation together^ having- provided every thing necejfary for that Tttr^ofe ; and at the fame Time giving a Call, feveral Mariners came in, loaden with all Sorts of Fruits and Dainties. But the Vice- roy, who w^as not in a Humour to drink with the crazy Filherman., ex- cufcd himfelf on account of a Tain in his Head^ with which ^ he faid, he was that very Moment taken ; and ordering his own Gondola to be made ready^ Mafaniello w^ent aboard, and was attended by Forty Feluccas, w^hich were filled with Perfons who ufed their utmoft Endeavours to divert him ; fome of them dancing, fome playing upon Mufical Inftruments^ and others diving to pick up feveral Pieces of Gold which he threw into the Sea. This agreeable Airing, inftead of re-r frefliing him , rather contributed to extinguifti that fmall Spark of Reafon * that was left in him, and wholly de- prived him of his Scnfes. For, 'tis imported of him, that in going and com- Ma SAN I ELL O. iS/ coming, he drank no lefs than twelve Bottles of a ftrong-bodled Wine called Lachr'wi^ Chrifti^ which fo dried up his Brain, that he was never after feen to a6l or to fpeak in cool Blood. In the mean V/hile Mafaniello's Wife went to vifit the Vice- Queen, in a new Coach, which the Duke of Mataloni had befpoke for his Wedding- Day, and for which lie was to pay Eight Thoufand Duccats : She was magni- ficently drefs'd, and had about her a vaft Quantity of rich Jewels that had been prefented to her by her Excellency. The Vice-Queen gave her a m.oft ho- nourable Reception; and having treat- ed her very fplendidly, and put upon her Finger a Ring of great Value, ftie returned home very well pleafed, v/ith her Husband's Mother, and his two Sifters, who had accompanied her in this Vifit. Mdfaniello being return'd late from ^qfilUpo^ he appeared again upon the Morrow on Horfeback, riding up and down the City like a Devil broke loofe, and ftriking and wounding with his drawn Sword every Body he met with : Nor did his Frenzy difgover it- ' ^ ^ Iblf i88 Rise and Fall of felf lefs by his Words than by his Actions : For fometimes, he talk'd of giving lip the Supreme Comrna-nd, and indeed he had fent a Meflage to the Duke ol Arcos the Day before to that EfFecl ; and at other Times, he faid he ^Jvould take ojf the Viceroy s Head. He fent an Order under Tain of ^eath and Firing, to T)oji Ferrant njid "Don Carlos Caracciolo, tiz'd Nobles^ to come and ktfs his Feet ^ublickly in the Market- place ^ for not ftepping out of their Coaches to fakite him^ as they accidentally faf- fed by him in the Street, The Viceroy being informed at large of thefe horrid Extravagancies, and fearing, that this Madman, backed by a mutinous Rabble, might fome time- or other make him feel the Etfecls of his frantick Fury, he fortified himfelf once more in Cafelnovo ; by digging a deep Trench all found it, and intro- ducing into the Palace as many SoU diers as he could get together. But \vhile he was imployed in providing thus for his own .Defence, Don Fer- rant and Don Carlos^ inflead of o- beying tfe^ Eiilicrman's infoknt Sum- mons, Masaniello. 189 mons, came and prefented themfelves before him , deploring the mtferabli> and abjeB Co7iditton of th? Neapo- litan Nobility^ "who^ all on a fudden fallen from their antient Glory ^ now fa\v themfelves trampled under Feety by a Wretch that was fprung from the very T)regs of the Rabble. A§ they were yet fpeaking, Genovino and Ay'paja alio came in, heavily com- plaining againft Mafaniello^ who, but a few Hours before, had caned one cf them, and given a Slap o' the Face to the other. They told tlie Viceroy, that thefe ft range and unre a finable Proceedings had fo terrified the ci^ Hjiller Sort of Teople^ and taken them off from their AffeElion to Mafani-i. eilo, that fnany of the chief Citizens having by their Advice met together ^ they came to a Refblution of letting bis Excellency know, ^^ That pro- ^' vided. they could be well affured of " never being molefted in the Injoy- ^^ ment of the Immunities and Prir ^' vileges reftored , they would no ^^ longer follow Mafianiello^ but in- *^ ftantly return to their former Obe-*- ^^ 4ience ^ndDuty to his Excellency/' - iC 190 Rise and Fa i l of The Viceroy, pleafed to know that the People were in the very Difpofi- tion he could wifh, immediately piib- lillied a new Ban, by which he re- confirmed the Capitulations; which was no Iboner done, but a confide- rable Number of Citizens met in the Piazza of St. Auftin, where it was unanimoufly agreed, " That the Of- '-' fice of Head and Captain-General " of the People Ihould be taken ?!- " way from Mafaniello^ and That he " fnould be confined in a ftrong Hold for the Remainder of his Days : '' But no-body could find in his Heart, to take away the Life of him who had reftor'd the Publick Liberty, and free'd his Country. But thefe Refblutions were not powerfal enough to remove the Vice- roy's Fears; and tho' he fancied he faw Mafantello void of Power, and faft bound in Chains, yet, even in this Light, he could not confider him without trembling: He therefore re- iblved not to rejed the Propofal that was made him by, Michel Angelo Ar- dtzorifte^ who offered to make away "-jvith him at the Ha:^ard of his owrt Life: Masaniello. 191 Life ; and the better to incourage him to put in Execution this hardy- Undertaking, the Viceroy promifed him among Other Things, a Reward of Ten Thoufand Crowns, In the mean time, Mafaniello^ who had taken t other Jaunt to Tojilli^po^ and knew nothing of what w^as in- tended againft him, was how upon his Return; and being landed, began to do a Thoufand extravagant Things : At lafl: he leap'd with all his Cloaths on into the Sea ; from whence foon after coming out again, and brandilli- ing his Sword aloft, he ran fall drive among- the Crowd that was Handing upon the Beach, who, fearing he fliould do fome Mifchief, were obliged in their own Defence to make fare of his Per- fon - And accordingly, having laid Hold on him and bound him, they took him to his own Houfe, where they left him under a ftrong and fure Guard. Next Morning, being Tnefday the fuly i(J. 1 6th o? Juty^ Marco Vitale^ a young Man of great Wit and Vivacity, and chief Secretary to Mafanieilo, being got out of the Caftle, where, it feems, he i 9 2 Rise and Fall of he had been, upon fome Pretence or other, detain'd ail Night, for Fear he fhould dive into, and difcover to his Mafter, the fecret Defigns that were carrying on againft him, it happened, I fay, that as he was going along", he met, not far from the Palace, fe- veral Companies of Soldiers in Arms; and proudly asking them. By whoje Authority they had taken tip ^rms? One of the Captains told, him^ 'Twas by Order of the Viceroy. 'Tis well^ (replied Vitale very unfeafonably) / am going direEily to the Market-place^ mid thy Head jh all pay for t. The Captain anfwer'd this Menace, no o- therwife than by running his Sword into the Body of this unfortunate Wretch, who, with this Wound, and a Piftol-fhot that fucceeded it, fell down dead upon the Spot^ The Viceroy fearing, that if this Accident Ihould come to the Know- ledge of Mafaniello^ he might get the Start of him and keep upon his Guard, he urged the Coufpitators to hafieii his "Death. But this poor Lunatickj having a little before made his Efcape but of Guftody, went into the Church of MASANtELLO. I9| bf our Lady of Carmine^ whofe Fc- ftival being this Day to be celebrated, was fiird with an infinite Number ot Perfons who came there to perform their Devotions, and waited for the Archbifhop's Coming to fing Mafs. As foon as he appear'd, Mafanielld went up to him, and told him, that he plainly perceived the people had abandoned him^ and now went aboui to take away his Life ; that Jince hi mnft die^ he defired that the Viceroy),^ and all the Tribunals (^/'N-iples, would firjl make a Soler/in TroceJJlon to thi mojl holy Mother of Carmine, his Ta^ tronefs^ and that afterwards "Death would be welcome to him-^ and at thd fame time, putting a Letter into the Hands of the Archbliliop, he defired liis Eminence to fend Some-body with it to the Viceroy. The AVchbifliopi having imbraced him, and very rr'iucli tommended him for his Religious Zeal^ immediately difpatched one of hii Gentlemen v^ith the Letter to the Pa- lace* arid theri coming ilp to the Great Altar, he put hihifelf in a Po-* fture to begin the Service, when Ma^ faniello going into the Pulpit, and 194 Rise and Fall of holding out a Crucifix in his Hand, di» reded himfelf to the People, and earncftly befought them not to for fake htm ; putting them in Mind of the dangers and the Tolls which he had c7iCGuntered and undergone for their Sake ; the great "Deliverance he had wrought for the77i ^ and laflly^ the rich a7id incftiraable Benefits which he had procured them^ and they had fo lately feen confirmed in this very Church, But the Vchemency of his Diicourfe, throwhig him again in- to one of his raving Firs; he began to condeifnn himfelf for the Badnefs of his pafi Life^ and exhorted every &ne to make t]oe like ConfefiJon to their Ghojily Father^ that God's Anger might thereby be appeafed : From thefe, he ran into feveral other ex- travagant and ridiculous Expreffions, fome of which favouring of Herefy^ the Archbifhop was forced to ufe the Interpofition of fome of the Afliftants to get him out of the Pulpit. As foon as he was come down, he went to the Altar, and throwing himfelf at the Archbifliop's Feet, he intreated his Eiiiinenee to de]>iLte his Chaplain to MASANIEtido . t§^ the Viceroy^ to ajfure.hint^ that he, was ready to refign his Office ani Authority to his Excellency. Tlie Archbilhop promifed he would do it ^ and feeing he was ail in a Sweat, cc-^, caficned by the violent Agitation of his Spirits, he commanded fome of tht Religious to take him to their J^or^ ter, to have him dried^ and to let him refrejh himfelf with a little Sleep. > . Scarce was this Order executed, ana the Archbilhop gone out of the Church, when the Aflaffins who. had confplred the Death of Mafaniello came into it^ iand from thence paifed to the Clo"^*- Her, crying out, Long live the King qf Spain, and let none from henceforth upon Tain of Life obey Mafaniello. Tho' the Confpirators were but very few in Number, yet, the People did hot oppofe them, but on the contra- ry, making Way for them, they went ftrait to the Convent, fcarching and inquiring every-where for Mafaniello. This unhappy Man, hearing Some- body call Mafaniello^ runs out to rrieet his Murderers, laying, Is it me yoti look for^ my 'People ? Behold^ I ad O t here! 1^6 Rise and ¥ all of here ! But all the Anfwer he had, was from four Mufquets that were fired upon him all at one Time, by Salvatore Cataneo^ Carlos Cataneo^ Angelo Ardizone^ and Andrea Rama. He inftantly dropp'd down upon the Place, and having but juft Time e- nough to cry o^U, Ah 1 ingrateful Traytors^ he breathed his laft* Sal- <;atore Calaneo then cut off his Head, and fixing it on the Top of a Spear, he and his Accomplices carried it di- rcftly to the Viceroy, crying out all the Way, as they went along , Mafa- nieilo is dead-^ Mafaniello is dead: Let the King (?/ Spain live^ and let 710-body pre J lime hereafter to name Mafaniello, This bold Action fo ter- rified the Rabble, who, to the Number of about Eight or Ten Thoufand, were then in the Church, or in the Market- place, that far from avenging the Death of their" Captain-General by that of his Murderers, they feem'd ftupi- fied and motionlefs ; and in this Oc- currence, gave a memorable Inftance of the Inconftancy of the Populace, whofe Love may be jufily compared to a broken Reed, which, whoever leans Masaniello. 197 leans upon, is fure of falling. In EfFeft, this lame People who, from the firft Beginning of the Infarreftion, had loved Mafaniello even to Ado- ration, calmly faw him murdered, and without murmuring Hiffered his Head to be taken off, and afterwards thrown into a Ditch call'd the Corn-T>itch by his Homicides; whilft his Body, at the Inftigation of his Enemies, Vv'^as, as he himfeif had foretold it, dragged thro' all the Kennels of Naples by a Company of Black-Guards, who, when they were tired with haling it about, call it into another Town-Ditch, th^t lies without Torta Nolana. It would be difficult to fay how greatly the Nobility and Gentry were tranfported with Joy upon this Occar fion. They, who did not dare to ftiew their Heads, or ftir abroad during the Commotions, came now in Sholes, as one may fay, to congratulate the Vice^ roy upon their happy Period and the Death o'i Mafaniello, After which his Excellency, accompanied by the Arch^ bilhop, and the Chief Officers and Magiftrates of the Kingdom, went with great Solemnity to the Church of Q 3 Car^. jg§ Rise and Fax-l of ^iirmirie^ to return God Thanks and the moft Glorious Patron of Naples Sl Gennaro^ whofe Sacred Head and Blood were taken out and expofed to piiblick View. This Acl of Devotion being performed, his Excellency the Viceroy iliewed himfelf in the Great Market-place, where he caufed the Confirmation of the Articles fworn to ifhp Saturday before, to be proclaim'd py Sound of Trumpet; and then re- turned to his Palace, with the univer- fal Acclam.ations of that very Pvabble. who, but a few Days before, had piilled him by the Whiskers, and of« lercd him all manner of Indignities. ' Thus rofe and fell Mafaniello of Afnaiphl^ the Dread of the Spaniards^ ihe Avenger of Publick Oppreflions^ and the Saviour of his defolate Coun- try. All Antiquity cannot furnij[h ua with fuch another Example as his ; ^nd After-Ages ■ will hardly believe what Height of Power this ridiculous Sovereign arrived to, who, trampling |]!are-foot on a Throne, and wearing d Mariner s Cap inftead of a Diadem, in the Space of four Days, raifed an ^^rmy of above ijo^ooo Men, an4'- made Masaniellq. 199 made himfelf Mailer of one of the rnoft populous Cities in the World ^ of Naples^ the Metropolis of ^o many fair Provinces, and at once the Mo- ther and the Nurfe of fo m^iny illul^ tripus Princes and renowned Heroes. And, as if Fortune, that capricious Jilt, had taken Delight in railing a Fifherman above the greateft Monarchy She not only fubmitted to his Em- pire, that innumerable Rabble that al- ways followed him, but even that antient and generous Neapolitan No- bility itfelf, whofe immortal Exploits have filled the whole Univerfe with their Fame, In fhort, it may be aver-, red without Excefs, that, neither the moft formidable Tyrants, nor the Prin- ces the moft beloved, were ever fo much dreaded, or fo foon obeyed as Mafaniello was, during his fhort but ftupendous Reign. His Orders were without Reply; his Decrees Aytthout Appeal ; and the Deftiny of all Naples^ inight be faid to depend upon a fingle Motion of his Hand. Thofe who have moft curioufly in- quir'd into this great and fudden Revo- lution of which he W3S the Author, O 4 have |5?Q Rise and Fall of h^v^ for the moil Part look'd upon it a? a pure and immediate Effect of God's Judgments, who, to chafiife the A- yarice, the Pilde,^ and the Barbarity of t\\Q-SfdniJh Minifters, which were then at their higheft Pitch, fi^igled out the Arm of this poor Fifherman to exe- Ciite his Anger. Nor is this Opinion witjiout Foundation : For^ if we ex- amine the A-ctions and Accidents of ^lafaniello's Life, we Ihall find them Jop extraordinary and too wonderful, not to have been in a peculiar Man- ner dircfted by the Hand of Provi- dence, 'Tis reported, that, whilft he w-i^s yet in the Cradle, two Captich'tns accidentally calling in at his Mother*s Houfe, pne of them took him into Jiis Arms, and having look'd very fted- fiiftly upon him for fome Time, he told her, that that Child Jhould one ^ay come to be the Mafier of Na- pks, but that his Government 'woitld have but a very Jhort "Duration, We have already taken Notice of his owa prophecies, relating to his Death, to- gether with the Caufe, Time, and Manner of it. But, what will raife our Admiration moft of all is, that he, MaSANIELLO. 501 he, who had never had any Ediica.^ tion, and who had always pafled a- mong thofe of his Acquaintance for a meey^ Natural^ was all on a fudden feen to aft and to fpeak, as if he had been converfant In Politicks and the Management of Publick Affairs. And indeed, with how much Wifdom did he not make, and maintain in the very Heat of the Commotions, the moffc ufeful Orders and Regulations that the wifeft Legiflators and the moft ex- perienced Generals could ever be ca- pable of? With what Art and Addreis did he not infinuate himfelf into the Hearts of fo many Thoufands of Men, by far his Superiors, incouraging the Fearful, extolling the Bold, reproach- ing the Coward, and mofl pathetically defcribing to all, the miferable State of their Country, groaning under the heavy Exactions of proud and avari- tious Miniikrs, and animating them to revenge and redrefs themfelves ? Cardinal Filomarino himfelf, has ac- knowledged, that in the Jeveral Con^ ferences he had with him with re^ fpeB to the Treaty of Accommoda^ tiou^ he had often been amazed at the aoi Rise and Fall of the Solidity of his Judgment^ and the Subtilty of his Contrivances, In fhort, let us but refled upon the Greatnefs of tRat Enterprize which he projected, and executed for the Good of his Country: That indefatigable Affiduity with which he applied himfelf to it, •which robbed him of the Hours of Nourifhment and Repofe, and made ^m. do Mod, him dictate to feven Secretaries all at one Time : That juft Severity, which obliging him to put fo many PerfonS; to Death, never exerted itfelf on any whofc Crimes had not deferved it : But, above all, that noble and gene^ rous Difintereffednefs, which kept hini poor in the Midft of fuch vaft Heaps of Wealth; and we Ihall be apt to conclude with a certain Neapolitan Gentleman, '^ That Mafaniello feems " to have been endowed with no o-- " ther Qualifications, but fuch as were ^' neceffary for the Execution of the ^' Divine Vengeance/' As to the Duke of Arcos^ w^hether he acted with Prudence or no, in cau- fing Mafaniello to be put to Death, I will not take upon me to determineo However, I think it may be juftly doubted. Masaniello. qo^ doubted, whether the Death of Ma^ faniello was not more to the Prejudice than the Benefit, of S])aht. For altho' it may be alledged, that the Sedition which he firft promoted, feemingly tended to the Hurt of the State, and the weakening of the Sovereign Autho- rity, yet it is certain, hewasfo far from endeavouring to eftrange the Peoples Affeftions and Allegiance from "Philip the IV. who reigned at that Time, that, on the Contrary, he always pro- feiTed the greateft Refpecl and Vene- ration for him : For, befides making the People often cry out, long live the King of Spain, and commanding them to put his Majefiys Arms over their T>oors^ his receding from that Propofition whereby the Caftle of Saint lElmo was to be delivered into his Hands, as a Security for the Perform- ance of the Conditions of Peace, is an undeniable Proof of his Loyalty, Befides, the very Commotions which he raifed in Napks^ may be faid to have been in fome Manner advanta- geous to the Spaniards ; fince they contributed very much to the Extirpa- tion of the Outlaws and other pub- lick Nufancesj and at the fame time^ ' - flilly; ao4 Rise mid Fall of fully revenged them upon the Nobi- lity, by the cruel Rage with which the Rabble purfued them. Laftly, the Abolifhmentof the Gabels feemsto have been in a great Meafbre benefi- cial to his Catholick Majefty, whole Domain and other Revenues fcarce amounting to a Million of Gold year- ly, was now on the Point of receiving five Million all at once, by means of a Donative which Majkntello had re- Iblved to prefent him with, and which he would certainly have accomplilhed, (having already levied confiderable Sums to that End) if the Suddenncfs of his Death had not prevented it. But it is not juft, that thefe Reflec- tions ftiomd make us leave the Head and the Body of Mafaniello fo long unburied and afunder ; and after hav- ing expofed the Ingratitude of the People, in forfaking their great De- liverer, it is but reafonable, that we fliould alfo take Notice of the Sor^ row and Repentance which they ex- prelTed for it, by the pompous Ob- lequies with which they honoured . ^ his Remains. The Day immediately ^^t^ ^7- following that of his Death, feyeral Children, at the PerAvafion of iume Per- Masaniello. 205 Perfons who told them, it was a Shame that the Corpfe of him who had done fo much for the Good of his Country^ Jhould be thus expofed to the T)ogs^ went and fetched his Body, and after they had waflied and clean- ed it well, carried it on a Bier to the Cathedral Church of Carmine. At the fame time, a young Man living in the Market-place, called Jeronymo Tionneruma went with a Company of Men all armed to look for his Head in the Corn T)itchi and having found it, he brought it along with him to the fame Place where the Body was, in order to have them joyned together. This being done, it, was refolved in a ge- neral Aflembly of the People, who Were gathered together on purpofe, that Majaniello deferved to receive the great efi Honours^ as Head and Captain-General of Naples .; and ac- cordingly, his Corpfe, preceded by live hundred Priefts and Religious, and followed by forty thoufand Men up in Arms, and almoft as many Women with Beads in their Hands^ Was carried through feveml the moft pub- ao6 Rise and Fall of publick Streets bf the City, with all the Solemnities that are common! t^ ufcd at the Funeral of a Martial Commandef. As they pafled by the Palace of the Viceroy, his Excel- lency, to conform to the Times, fent eight of his Pages with Torches in their Hands, to accompany the Corpfe, and at the fame time, ordered the S/a^ niards who were then upon Guard^ to lower their Enfigns and falute him as he went by. He was at laft brought back again to the Cathedral Church, and there buried^ whilft all the Bells in Naples rung ^ mournful Peal, and arhidft the Tears and Lamentati- ons of an infinite Multitude of Wo- men, who fhewed fo much Refped and Veneration to his Duft, that one may fay, that by the EfFed of a po- pular Inconftancy which is ilot to be equalled, Mafaniello^ in lefi than three Days, was obeyed like a Mo- narch, iiiurdered like a Villain, and re- vered like a Saint. Thus have I traced the Hiftory of the KeafoUtans^ from the firft Origiii of their Civil Misfortunes and Suffer- ings, under a ravenous and over-bear- ing MasanielIo. 207 ihg Miniftry, to the firft Period of Tyranny and Oppreffion among them ; that is to fay, to their being reftored to the full PolTeffion of their Rights arid Privileges 5 by the Fifherman- Hero. Happy for them, had they riever been molefted in the Enjoyment of them, and the Publick-Faith re^ mained inviolate ! But alas ! They were foon made fenfible by a fatal Experience, That the moft facred, and moft religious Oaths and Covenants^ are riot ftrong eriough to bind Princes, nor their Minifters, to acl contrary to their Views of Intereft and Ambition. Not many Days after Mafaniello'z Death, the Viceroy made Julio Geno- *vhio Prefident of one of the Courts of Juftice, and gave him befides, feveral other pubiick Marks of his Favour 2ind Efteem. The People were fur* prized at it ; and they could not con- ceive what it was, 4 that fliould induce the Viceroy to give fuch extraordinary Demonftrations of Favour, to a Man,- who had, with the greateft Warmth^* ib > lately efpoufed the Intereil of the Neapolitans^ and upon all Occafions had in a particular Manner, manifefted / ^o8 Rise and Fall of his Enmity to the Spaniards : This was a Myftery to them, and they were at a Lois to unriddle it. But it was not long before their Eyes were opened, by the Publication of the Printed Treaty; They observed, that the Fourteenth Article in it, contained a Salvo, which had not been read to them in the Cathedral-Church, and which indeed, made the Treaty void and of no Effect : The Purport of it is as follows : '^ That All Taxes and " Gabels 'till then impofed and exact- " ed, fliould be abrogated and annul- " led for ever^ fuch of them only "EXCEPTED, as were alienated " to private or particular Perfons, ■*■' which fhould always fubfift^ any " Thing in this Treaty mentioned to " the Contrary, notwithftanding."Now, there being no Tax in the Kingdom, but what was alienated, All the Gabels and Taxes confequently remained ftill in Force; and this Treaty, that was concluded with fo much Solemnity, and aftervvards confirmed by fo many Oaths, was only a Politick Trick, to lull the People afleep, till the Miniftry fiiou'd find a fit Opportunity to re- plurige Mas A NIELLO. CIOJ plunge them into a Stare of Slavery and Subjedion. But all Crimes are not fucceisful alike; and the All wife Providence of Heaven would rldt fufFer fo heinous a Violation of the Publick-Faith, fxvorn, and pledged up- on the Altars, to go unpunifh'd. Thofe who had firft difcover^d the Fraud^ im- mediately communicate it to their Neighbours : Thefe again divulge h to the People. In an Inftant, th?. whole City is alarm'd. Multitudes df People flock together in Hafte to th?. Market-place, a^. is ufual in Cafes of Publick Danger. They plainly per- ceive now, the Reafon of Genovino's new Preferment, and they conclude^ that he has fold theyn to the Mtni-^ ftry. On a fudden, they give a looie to their Rage and Indignation; they fly to their Arms; and in the firfl: Heat of their furious Refentmentj they utter a Thoufand direful Imprecations againft the Government, in whom the/ could no longer confide. This was the Beginning of a Civil War, that in the End proved fatal to the Spaniards^ The Authors of it, unimproved by ib recent an Example of what an injil-^ P ^ r^i 2IO Rise and Fall l5fc.y red and exafperated People can do in their own Defence, and, the Defence of their Liberty, foon faw themfelves and their Country involved in all the dal amities and Horrors that attend in- teftine Feuds and Diflentions : And fome of them, by meeting with a more hafty and exemplary Puniftiment, have left behind them, an everlafting Mo- nument of the Wrath of Heaven a- gainft perjur'd and avaritious Minilters. IN IND E A. Ccommodatlon Treaty of, ii^^, 1x6, 149, 1^0, 15 i, i'^X. KJ, I7^f 179, ISO, ac8 Admiral. The Admirul :5hip ofK^- /^/Vj fufpecSled to be burnr by the Duke of Mntii: Oill Aipjoonjo King Amdiphi Thomas Anlello of, FjV^ iviafnnkUo Amalphi Mnteo, who he was 16^ Andreas Anaderio^ chofcn Ek'£l of the People 19. He is ftoned by a Company of Boys, and with ftreac Danger of his Life gets our of their Hands 16 and 17. His Houfe burnr down by the Mob ICO and 101^ Ange/is Anton'io dc, who he v/as 97,- his Houfe burnt down by the Mob 98 and 99 Archbifhop of i aliis locis, her Feflival when celebrated a:^, the Cuftoms and Ceremonies ufed upon that Oc- cafion, ibid, r ^ ^ J _,") complain or C^rr.c/V. Don ^^7"' ^^ ^"^ ^^4(. m./.«/.//., ^'^''^^^ Ji88and,89 Canaciolo Don 7o/^;?/;, tis fineCharader 104, he finds the Charter of Privileges 1 1^ Cafiel di Sangro the Duke of 97 Salvntore'l' Cataneo and ("196 Carlos J Cellamare the Prince of, who he Was 114 CharlesV.YJmgoi Spain % Charters of Privileges 104 and 115 Citizens fhut up their Shops 90 They joyn themfelves to the Rabble iqS Combuftions, the Populace burn down a great many Houfes and Palaces mNnples^ 99 to loi, & alibi Conipiracy. Five Hundred Banditti are ftnt to Naples to afTailinatc Mafaniello 126, their Defign dete6led 127. One Hundred and fifty of chem are put to Death 191 Coppola Dona to 1 79 Council of State advlfes the Viceroy to make a Sally upon the Rabble 7:5 I^efblution of the Councils 10 1 and loz D T^Epofitlon?, pretended ones relating to the •*^ Confpiracy 129, refuted 1:50 and i^t Difclpline, feveral Inftances of Mr.faniello\ Seve- rity to fuch as attempted to lave any Thing out of the Houies tUat were burnt, 91, 9^, 99 P ^ 9on. ft,i4 INDEX. ponneruwa Jerotiymo^ who he was ^05; parliJ^ who he was 148, Mnfaniello orders him to keep at Sea 1491 Senfes him Money and Vi^iuals 176 E 77 FZ^EM St. 1^3 •*-^ llieit ol: the Pecjple, vide Annclerio Arfdjn made Ejedt 114 lilecl of the Nobles 11^ |i/mo St, the Caftle of, the People infill upon its being delivered into their Hands la?* MtrfAmelh recedes from this Demand ii^ f:ptiminoncl(is^ who he was 170 and 17^ FArmers of the Gabels prefcnt the Vifitor- Gencrars I^ady with FitteenThoufand Due- cats u, what for, ibid- The Houfes and Furniture of the Farmers of the Gabels burnt by the Mob, ^ide Comliuftions ^erdinnnd King I fetitids hieron)mp^ who he was 9:^ and 04, a fine Palace of his burnt down by the Mob, 94, 95^ fi omnrino^ Cardinal, Archbifhop of Ndp/es^ his fine Chara6ler, 41 & at. he. he fummons the Religious of the City to go in Procefiion 80 orders another ProceiTion in which be intends ;^o aflift in Perfon 107, he alters his Mind, and the Reafon why 109 and 1 10, orders the Hoft to be expofed, and private and publlckPrayers to be ofl-er'dj^c. izo, the Archbilhop's Nego- tiation with the Heads of the Rabble 118 to 121, he prevails upon Wlnfaniello to retra6^ an Order for burning :?6 Houles of Perfbns of Quaiity ^24 and ii^ INDEX, zis Page Fikmarino Francifco^ who be was 149 fruiterers Country, have no Market for 4^heir Goods, 14, the Reafon why, thid, A fharp Encounter between them and the Shopkeepers iHd. Vide Shopkeepers ' r" ABELS, fee Taxes ^^ Gallon blown up in the Port of Kaples 68 Gar/ijfa Don Tiherio de. Vide Bifignnno Gennaro St. who he was, 80 and 124, his Head and miraculous Blood publickly expofed, 80 and 198. The Archbilhop of Naples greatly abufed at the Proceilion of the Reliquesof Sr^ Gennaro 114 Cenovim Julio^ who he was, 89 and 90, is made Privy Counfellor to fidafaniello, ibid, he and Perrons draw out a Lift of 60 Houfes of the Gabellers to have them burnt, 91. Gemvin(t is commilTioned to draw up Articles of Capi- tulation 112, he caufes Cicclo Arpaja to be made Ele£l ok the People 12^, he is bribed by the Viceroy 147, his Speech to the People 15'$', is made Prefident by the Viceroy xoy on what Account 209 Germnnsy a Regiment of them taken Prifoners by Mafaniello 70, they are (et at Liberty, 71 Mafaniello ftops the Progrefs of 600 Germans that were coming to Naples 116 and 117 GraJJiero T^ufin^ who he was 24, orders the EleA to take a Courfe with the Rioters, 24 and 25' Groffo Antino 12§ Guards, the Viceroy's Guard put to Flight by the Mob :^4, 45", 72, vide Populace P4 Sf{ i i6 INDEX. J. I. , ^ CT. J/fmes the Piifon of, brvoke open by a ' . Company of Boys, and the PriToners ftt at Liberty ^z^ ■oide M^ifaniello Inhabitants, their Diflfention, is the Ruin of a ' Common-wealth, illuftrated by feveral Ex- amples 15* and 1 6 Invedlives, vide Libels, 20, 2i, 27, T.z^ 64, 65* 'iuUans^ two Companies of ihem taken Prifon- ers by Mafnniello 7 1 L s T. laurer.cc the Convent and Tower of, 52, the Importance of this Place 114, the People ta^ce Poffeiiion of it 11^ I-ibels, fharp and biiter ones publilhed and dif- ' perfed, in Naples ^ 7 l^iberty, the Love of k is natural to all Men ^ and 4 M KJ^i K^A Snnta de la Nova i^i Market place, the com^non Rendezvous of the Populace 66 & alils locis_ M^^eellom^. Andrea, who he was ic^, employed by the Viceroy to treat with the Rabble ihid. ^iUfanieilo^ his Per Ton and Character delciibed, i^ and 14, the Arras and Name of Charles V\ anciently hxed under one of his Windows in- terpreted as a Prefage of his future Exploits, 14 and 15. One of the fame Name formerly oppofed the introducing of the Inquifitioii 15" but without Succels, itnd. the Reafbn why^ and Remarks thereon i^" to 18. Mafanieih ^ •• ^- ' baa INDEX, -Lxj., Page has a Conference with' the Banditto ?errcne 17 and 18, he fells all his Goods ro pay an Hun- dred Duccats for his VViFe's Liberty i8, 19 i;/^f Oflncers, ^c. he Inliniiates himfclf among a Company oF Poys io, makes a Speech to them wherein he inveighs againft the Govern- ment 20 and 21, his Anfwer to thofe who took him for a Madman ix^ he lifts Five Hundred Boys, ihld. they increafe to Five Thoufand, ihld. he occafions a Riot together with his Kinfman i6, he wounds the £^61-, ihld. fee Anaclcrlo. he puts himfelf at the Head of the Rioters 27, makes a remarkable Speech to them 28 and 29, the Effect it had upon the Mob, Ibid, vide Populace, he makes a mourn- ful Procellion thro' the City at the Head of Two Thoufand Boys, having each oF them a black Flag ^2, Jvlafaniello is made General! f- fimo by the People f;^, his Speech to them upon this Occafion 5:6, he orders the ^6 Pre- c\nQ:s of the City to arm for the common De- fence 67, he fends to a Shopluepcr to buy Gunpowder, but upon his Refufal orders his Houfe to be fee on Fire 67 and 68, he makes Prlfbners a Regiment of Gerynniis and two Companies of Itnlinns who were fcnt for by the Viceroy, 70 and J^i, he gives them their Liberty 71, his Anfwer to the Viceroy's Let- ter, containing certain Conditions of Peace 74 and 7V, he orders his Officers to make ln> quiry after fuch Perfons as were concerned in the Gabels, and to burn their Houles 91, vide (^enovino,, his exacTt Difcipline in the midfl: of the Diforders 92, feveral Inftances of it, 9:5 and 99, he fearches the Houfes of fuf- pe6ted Perfons for Arms and Ammunition 105' he takes (even great Guns out o'i a Ship which be difarm.ed in the hicls^ and places ihera at- ih^ 21 8 I N D E X. the Entrance of the leading Streets io6y Ma- fnniello orders Eighteen Pieces of Ordnance which were Found in the Tower of St. Lau- rence to be planted in different Quarters of '^aflcs 115^, he caufes the Alarm-Bell to ring I TO, the Rea(on of it, ihld. he makes a Pro- tellation of Loyalty to the King cf Spain^ and orders his iMajcIly's Arms to be joyntly fet up with the Enfigns of the City on the Top of St. Lnweticis Tov/er 116, he oppofes the March of the auxiliary Troops that were coming to fuccour the Viceroy, ibid Upon their Surrender he gives them their Liberty 1 17. Mnfnniello makes a general Review of th(? People 115:, a Confpiracy againll him difco- vered 127, he orders the Conspirators Heads to be expofed in the Market place 1:^1 and 1^7, he iffues out a Proclamation for taking the Duke of Mataloni 140, he prohibits the conveying of Provifions to the Caftle 140 and J41, Mafanielloh Harangue to the People ifS he hns ah Interview with the Viceroy 16:? A remarkable Inifance of the People's Love and Ob'fdience to him 165, he is made Duke of St. George 167. hU fnniello condemns a Baker to be burnt alive, 168 and i6g, he makes fe- veral good Regulations 169, 170 and 17^, he caufes four Perfons to be put to Death 17^ upon \yhat Account, ibid, he hangs the Duke o^MarJoni in Effigies, and caufes a fine Houfe of his to be burnt, 174 and 175", Mafnnielto, fends great Store of Provifions to the Viceroy 176, and to Dor in the Admiral, ibid, he is vifired by Cardinal Trivultio ijy. The Vice- Qiieen prcfcms Ma fnniello With a rich Suit of Cloaths 178, M/7/?zw?>//o receives Compliments of Congratulation from the Clergy, Gentry, ^:, 1 8a, he grows delirious, ibid. A co^iical Con- INDEX. ii9 Conferpnce between "Mafinidlo and the Arch- bifhop of Sr. Severha^ I8^ to 184, different Opinions of Mnfnnielloh Madnef?, 184 and i8f, he orders two Noblemen to kifs his Fecc publickly 188, the People forfake him, 190 he dies 196. Rcfle£lions upon M^AmV/Zy's Life and Death, 198 ^c. is buried with great Pomp 104 and xQt; IvUtnloni Duke of, who he was 76, obtains his Liberty of the Viceroy, who commiflions him to treat with the Rabble 76 and 77, the Par- ticulars of his Negotiation 77, 78 and 79, is abufcd by the Populace, and fent to Prifbn 84 Upon Perrones Intercellion is fet at Liberty 84 and 8^, vide Perrone. The Duke oi Mata- hni\ Plot difcovered 1^0, he is purfued by the Rabble i7,x and 1:^:5, makes his Efcape 1:5:^, he is profcribed 140, hang'd in Effigies 175: AiV^j/rf, who he was 106, A^/j,/7r?2/V//o takes Four Thoufand Mufquets out of his Houfe, and then fets Fire to it ibid. Medina de Us Torres Duke of 1 76 Mendo^n Don Diego dcy who he was 108 ^iiraheHa Antonio^ who he was 100, his Houfe burnt down by the Populace ibid. Monte Sarchio the Prince of, is murdered by the Mob , §:> N ■ J^A PLES the Kingdom of, becomes tributary -^ to the Houfe of ^z//?nrf i l^eapoUtansy their Affedion and Fidelity to the ■ Kings of Sfain 1 and i, they are opprefled with Taxes x and :?, but efpecially by the Tax upon Fruits :^, they rcprefent their Cafe to the Viceroy 4 and f, vide Viceroy, are ur.relieved 7, they grow outragiou?, ibid, vide 210 INDEX. Populace, the extraordinary Devoiion of the Neapolitatis to the Lady of Carmine xi, vide Cnrmine^ the Flower of the Neapolitan Youth lift thenifelves into Mafaniello's Service 6i and 6^, the Country People come to Naples ready arm'd and joyn in the Tumults 64, the Wo- ^men and Children arm themfelves alfb, ibid. Nobility, many of them retire into the Country for Fear of the Populace 65', they become odious to the People loi, (everal of them retire to CaftelncvG 1 1 1 , they congratulate the Viceroy upon Mafanielloh Death 197 Kolana Porta 197 Nuncio, the Pope's, ^t Naples m Nuns of the Co«-f^f/o«.Monaftery of 11^ O r^Fficers of the Cuftoms imprifon Mafanielloh Wife 18, upon what Account ibid. Ognate Conte £ 5'7 Orders, (everal Orders publldied by Mafa7iiello 141 to 145-, 169, 170 and ij-^ Cjjuna Duke of 96 P JPA LM A Onejicn^ who he was 10^, he is com- miiiioned to treat with the Rabble ^ ibid. Tepa Don Stephana., who he was 6, he advlfes the Viceroy to take off the Tax upon Fruits, ibid. Vide Viceroy Ferrone^ who he was 17, has a Conference with Mnfaniello in the Church of Carmine 17 and 18, he intercedes for the Duke of 'Mata'oni, and obtains his Liberty of the Populace 8s^ \^hat induced him to it, ibid^ he and his Bro- ther are put to Death 118, upon what Ac- county ibid< INDEX. ail Fags r II. ^ and i^r PhiliAWl ^ viV. X and ^ Pifanello izz Populace (et Fire to a Baracca of Powder in the Market-place 7, again,, ihid. They meet in Clubs and Cabals, and threaten their Gover- nors 10, they put themfelves under the Com- mand of MdfameliQ, ibid. Vide Mcifamello^ they get Arms 28, they fet Fire to the Toll Houfe for Fruit :?o, fee ToU-Houfe. They rifle the Toll Houfes, and burn all the Books of Ac- counts, :^o and :?i. Ten Thoufand of them go to the Viceroy's Palace carryit^g Loaves of Bread upon the Top of their Pikes, ibid. they raife a Tumiik before the Palace, and force open the Gate qt^, beat away the Palace Guard ^4, vide Guards. They break open a Ciofet where the Viceroy had hid himfeif ^^5' they oblige the Viceroy to come out to them in the Street ^^6 and "^y^ a remarkable Inftance of their Reverence to the Church, ibid, vide Triviihioj they threaten the Viceroy, and force him to come out of his Coach :^8, whilfi: they pick up the Gold that the Viceroy had thrown among them, he makes his Efcape ^9, vide^ Viceroy, they break open the Monaftery of St Lev?is 40, but at the Archbifiiop'sPerfua-, fion they abate of their Violence 42, they attack again the Monaftery of St. Lew/i, where they meet with a vigorous Refiftance, and many of them are killed, ibid, they burn down the Toll-Houfc for Fruit at Chi^gin 46, they break open feveral Prifons 49 and 50, they burn down the Toll-Houfe for Corn 51, they make an Attempt upon Sr. L/i^v/cwce's Steeple, but are vigoroufly oppofed by a Party of Banditti fx and 5:?, vide Banditti, they mafee iix INDEX. P/tge hidfanieUo Captain-General 5'^', f/^^ Mafani- ello, they fearch the Shops of the Gunfmiths, &c. for Arms 60 and 61, vide Arms, the Populace blow up the Houfe of a Shopkeeper who refuled to deliver up his Arms 61, vide Shopkeepers, of another who refufed to fell his Gunpowder 68, they march to the King's Magazine In order to feize it, but are difap- pointed, ibid, the Populace fet Fire to feveral Palaces and Houfes in h^nples g:^ to ici, the Populace's Anfwer to the Archbifhop's Mef- fage concerning a Proceflion 108 and 109, they burn more Houfes iii and iia, anln- ftance of their great Regard to Religion iix and 11:?, the Populace befiege the Tower of St. Ldiirence 114 and llf, vide ^t. Lnurence^ they bum all the Goods and Furniture be- longing to the Convent of St. Lnurence jiy the Populace infift, that Articles of Capitula- tion be drawn up by fom.e of their Body no the Viceroy condefcends to it, and promifes to have them confirmed by the King of Spain III and 121, a Debate among themfelves concerning the Choice of a Perfbn to draw upi the Articles, &c. iii, Genovino is pirch'd upon for that Purpofe, ibid, the Rabble put to Death One Hundred and fifty Banditti i^l vide Confpiracy, they kill feveral Servants of the Duke of Mntnloni 1:54, the Populace take the Alarm 148, on what Account, ibid, they forfake Mafaniello 190 and 196, they reaifume their Arms 209 Pofillipo 148 and 186 Prifons, m.any of them broke open by the Mob, and the Prifoners fet at Liberty, 'vide Populace ProcelfionjTwo Hundred Theatins go in Procef- fion through the City of Naples f6 and 57 f^idc Theatins^ the Archbifllop of N^/.V; fum- moni INDEX.. 223 P^rre nions the Religious Orders to go in Procellion thro' the City 80, ic proves InefFedual, ihid. R JDAMA Andren ' 196 ^ I{pcella Prior of, is deputed to look for the Charter of Privileges 80 and 81, a Fraud oF his to appeafe the Tumult 81, proves unfuc- cefsful, ibid, he flies to Refuge 8:5 s CAnEizs Michcel de 1^6 ^ San:(a Prince of, who he was 17^?' Severina Santa the Archbi{hop of, goes to fee Mafmiello 182, what paffed between them J 8^ and 184 Shopkeepers refufe to buy any Gaberd Fruit 19 A ftout Skirmifh between the Country Frui- terers and the Coftermongers of Naples n^ how occafioned, ibid. A dreadful Accidenc occafioned by a Shopkeeper's refuiirg to de- liver up his Arms to the Populace 61, ano- ther Shopkeeper refufing to fell Gunpowder to the Rabble, his Houfe is blown up with Sixty Perfons in it 68 Sicilian^ the Chara6ler of a Sicilian who headed a Party of the Rbters 5":?, his Exprelilons to the Populace, ibid, h {hot dead by a Muiqutc Ball ibid. Spaniards^ a Party of them are difarmed by tl e Populace 1 i 6 Speech, Mafaniello makes one to a Company of Boys 20 and 21, a remarkable one of his to the People 28, 29, & alibi ^ vide Mafaniello^ the People arc inflamed by the Speeches o£ their Leaders 7^ Spinello Don Carlos 124 Spinola Cormlius ibid. Taxes 124 I N D E X. "T^AXES, me People o^Knples are heavily -^ opprelled with the Weight of rhem i A new Tax laid upon Fruits :^, grows infup- , portable ibid, Thentins^ who they were 5*7, Two HuRd red of them make a Proceilion through the City of . Naples, in order to fupprefs the Tumults 5*7 l^oll-Houfe, that for Fruit burnt down by the Mob 29 and :?o, theToll-Houfes are rifled by the Mob, and all the Goods burnt ^o and ^i the Toll Houfe at Cbiagia burnt to t.he Ground by the Populace 46, the Dognna or Toil- Houfe ,. for Corn ufed in the fame manner . STi Trivultio Cardinal, a renuirkable Inftance of the People's Refpedt to his Person '^j^ he vifits Miifaniello 177 V- T/^Alenxano^ wbo he Was III, his Houfe and Furniture burnt by the Mob ibid. Viceroy, the People ofren complain to him of the OpprelFions they indure 4 and 5, he gl\^es them fair Words, but they are unrelieved 5" he is ftop'd in his Coach as he goes to Church, and threatned if he does not remit the Tax upon Fruits f, he will not fuffer the Feftival of St. 'John to be celebrated, ibid, he has a Conference with Don Stephnm Fepa., who advifes him to abolllh the Tax upon Fruits, as the only Way to appeafe the People 6 he continues the Tax, notwithftanding his Promife to take it off, ibid, the Reaf:>n why IT, vids Vifitor-General, he abolifbes the Ga- bels upon Fruits, and Part of the Corn Tax q:^, he hides himfelf :^4 and :5s', 13 found cue hy the Mob ^5', but is refcued out of. their Hands,' INDEX. 2tr Pagt Hands, ibid, he attempts to make his Efcape ^7, is fpled out by the Mob, who threaten to kill him, unlefs he aboliihes the Taxes t^8 vide Populace, he is forced to comply, ibid. the People ufe him civilly 58 add q:9, he throws Money among the Mob, and while they fcramble for it, makes jiis Efcape to St. Levois^ ^9, the Monaftery oF St. Le'K'is being attacked, he fcales the Walls, and fiyes to St» Elmo 45', he orders a Guard to be Cct: upon the Church of St. Lnursnce 5-8, on what Ac« count, ibid he removes with feveral Perfons of Quality from Sc. Elmo to Caftelmvo 5*9, he increg.fcs the Weight of Bread 60, he orders all the Powder in the City to be wetted 6z he reinforces the Garrifbn of the Palace, and fortifies It with Ramparts and a deep Trench 69, he orders feveral Pieces of Ordnance to be planted in the Streets leading to the Caftle 70 he fends for a Regiment of Germans., who are difarmed by Mafaniello 70 and 71, he is ad- vi(ed by the Council of State, -to make a Sally out of the Caille upon the Rabble y^ and 74 he fends a condefcending Letter to MnfnjiisUo 74, its E'^(t^^y ibid, the Viceroy's Reply to J\4afaniello's Anfwer 75", he releafes the Duke G^ M&taloni out of Priibn, and defires him to mediate between him and the People 76 and 77, vide Mataloni. He endeavours to raife a Jealoufy between the Nobles and the Com- mons 86, he fucceeds 87 to go, he caufes Twelve Thoufmd Mufquets to be delivered ro the People 89, he does it out of a politick Vie\v, ibid, he orders an hiflrumen^ to be print^'d, by which the Gabels are taken off, ibid, k proves Ineffe6luaL ^lid, he employs two Commoners to compofe the Difturbances 10^, their Mediation unfuccefsful, ibid. Indo- Q, lenc8 %x6 INDEX. Vage lence of the Viceroy 114, he writes a Letter to the Archbifhop, wherein he condefcends to all the People's Pretenfions ixi and ii^ he is reduced to great Straights by 'Mnfaniello 141, he baniflies all the Banditti 146, the Viceroy figns the Treaty of Accommodation IS"!, his Excellency's Letter to the Archbi- ihop i^x and 15'^, he defires to have an Interview with 'Mesftinlello 15*4, he makes him Duke of St. George 167, the Viceroy and all the Officers of Naples fwear to obferve the Treaty of Accommodation 180, the Viceroy promifes Ten Thou fan d Crowns to Michel Ardi^onne to make av/ay with Mafaniello 191 he is complimented upon the Death of Majk- Tiiello igy^ he fends eight of hU Pages to attend Mafatiiello^s Corpfe to the Grave ao6 Vifitor-General perfuades the Viceroy to con- tinue the Tax upon Fruits ji, what induced him to it ibid. VitAk Marco^ wbo he was 191, is killed 392. ERRATA. fage 14, line 18, for Anello y^/i^ AnlellQj ^sige |i^, linie zjy leave out Jofeph. Booh. Boohs Trinted for Charles Davis^ in Pate rnofter- Row. F O L 1 O. TTHE Hi9:ory o^ Grea Brit/ii\ from the firfi: Inhabitants thereof, till the Death of CadwaU tader^ laft King of the Britons ; and of the Kings of Scotland to Eugene V. As alfo, a (hort Account of the Kings, Dukes, and Earls of Brstagsie^ till that Dukedom was united to the Crown of France^ ending with the Year of our Lord 6S^ in which are (everal Pieces of Tallejfm^ an anticnt Bntifh Poet, and a Defence of the Antiquity ^of the Scoti/h Nation ; With many other Antiquities never before publifhed in the EytgHfo Tongue, With a cornpleat Index to the whok by John Lewis, Efq, Barifter at Law, Now firfl: publilhed from his original Manufcript. To which is ad- ded, the Breviary o^ Britain^ written in Latin by Humphrey Lhuyd^ of Denbigh^ 2l C amhro Briton '^ and lately EngUJfh^d by Jhow\ts Twine, Genr. The Hiftory of the Knights of Malta, by Monfieur L'Abbe de Vertot, illuftrated with 71 Heads of the Grand Mafters, ^c engraved by the bed Hands in France, from the original Paint- ings, under the Infpeclion of Monfieur Bologne^ Diredlor of the Royal Academy of Painting, with Maps by Monfieur de Lille^ and the Plans and Fortifications of Malta by the Chevalier de Higni, and a cornpleat Index to the whole in two Vols. Q^V A K^r O. ' speculum Britannice : An Hiftorical and Choro- graphical Delcriptlon of Middlefe^v ^nd Hertford-; Jhire^ by J. Nordon, octavo: The Hiftory of the Life and Reign o^Marf Queen of Scots and Dowager of France, extrad^ej ffom original Records and Writers of Credit Books Sold by Thomas Green^ BookJeHer^ at Charing-Crofs. rX/fOSES's P2^7NCJPM, Parti, and IL ^^^ An EfTay towards a Natural Hiflory of the Bible; efpecialiy of ihw.Q Parts which relate to the Occafion of revealing Xiofes''s Piiyidfin. All three by Mr. Hutchefon. The Hiftory of the Antiquities of Canterbury^ with curious Cuts. §y the Reverend Mr. Dart, Price bound i/. ^ s. N. 5 There is a fmall Num- ber printed on large Paper at %l. ioj-. PVinvQoodh State Papers, ^ Vols. FoL Jieating'^s cliHory of Ire land, FoL Mr.Ccok/s 1 rapflaticn oi RESIOD, In two Vols. 4^\ v/ith Cooper Plates. The firfr V^olume contains two Difcoiufes on the Life and Writings of Hethd ; the Works and Diys, in three Books, with Notes tu each Book ; Obfervations on the antient Gresj^ Month, and a View or the Works and Days. .The fecond Vc'iame contains the T/W:«v or Gerreration ol: the Gods, with Notes; a Difco-.Tfe on ine Theology and iVIythology of the Antients, uiid a genealogical Table to the Thecgony A cui-ious Collecfiion of Emblems, for the En- rertainmtnt ^.nci Improvement of Youth; con- taining Hieruglyphical and Enigmatical Devices relating to all Parts and Scations of Life, together with Explanations and Proverbs mEngliJh^French^ Sfan'.fto^ Italian and Latin^ alluding to them, and tranflated int^ EngHjlp, The whole curioyflj engraven on 6z Copper Plates* FINIS, r- V- UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 1\\ s „r01SCHARqE-URL Ql JAN OCT 18 ^9j 9 m4 ^" ^ 8 1987 Form L9-Series 4939 '% 3 1158 00391 1848 848.13 M58h