Tlie Prompt-Bool'. 
 
 Edited by Williitm Winter. 
 
 Btilwer s Drama 
 
 Of 
 
 TTRtckehepi t~ 
 
 Ai Presented bv 
 
 Edwin Booth, 
 
 " / -jjas born 
 Beneath the aspect of a bright-eyed star, 
 A nd my triitinp/taiit adamant o/ soul 
 Is but tke fixed persuasion of success." 
 
 'Like i/ie old /Isher of the fable, Proteus, 
 Netting great Neptune's wariest tribes, and 
 
 changing 
 Info all shapes ivhen craft pursued himself. " 
 
 " //e had a way with Aim — a something 
 7 'i '.t always — " 
 
 ' There is a strife in ivhich the loftiest loo.'i 
 Is the most subtle armour." 
 
 ' The power which i.i the age of iro:t 
 Burst forth, ij curb the great and raise the lo^c. 
 
 Philadelphia 
 The Penn Pubiishing Company 
 
 1905
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the yeir 1878, 
 
 6y WiLL'/M Winter, 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
 
 
 'T^HE full title of this piece is '■'■Richelieu ; or, The 
 -* Conspiracy.'^ It was tvritten in the fall of 1 8 j8, and 
 it 7vas first acted on March yth, iSj^. Macready — for 
 whom, and under whose counsel it had bee?i made — 
 brought it out, at Covent Garden, London, of which theatre 
 he 7vas then the manager^ and himself personated Richelieu. 
 In Macready s '■'■Reminiscences " there are several interesting 
 allusions to this subject, notable as showing in what manner 
 the drift of the play was changed by the author, under the 
 actor's advice, and also as showing that the text was freely 
 cut, in the process of adapting it to the practical uses of the 
 stage. " JVhen I developed the whole plan of alterations," 
 says Macready, the author " 7vas in ecstacy." This, 
 evidently, was an instance in which the literary faculty 
 was happily guided by an experienced afid Just dramatic 
 i:stinct. In this drama, consequently, the story is told by 
 direct action, out of which the language naturally floivs, — 
 tinged, it is true, with the romantic sentimentalism that 
 thoro uglily saturated Buhner's thought and style, — and to 
 "ailiich, for the most part, it is a spontaneous necessity. It 
 appears to have been Macready' s impression that Bulwer 
 had drawn, under the name of Richelieu, a character entirely 
 different from the historic original : but he records that
 
 Bnlwer at length satisfied him as to the justice of the 
 portrayal, from the eviilefice of history. There is no donbt, 
 however, that the foct has considerably — though neither 
 unjustly nor inartistically — idealized the character of Riche- 
 lieu. His own remarks upon it, in his essays upon '■'■Self- 
 ControuT^ and ''^ Posthumous Reputation,'' in ^^Caxtoniana," 
 illustrate this truth. '■'■In Richelieu," he says, " there 7C'as 
 no genuine selfcontroul ; because he had made his whole 
 self the puppet of certain fixed and tyrannical ideas. ' ' Yet the 
 Richelieu of this play is iron in his domination of self and of 
 circumstance. In the play, moreover, the cruelty of thi 
 Cardinal nowhere appears, 7chile his craft and vanity are 
 much softened. He is made, in fact, the ideal hero of a 
 poetical work, and he should be regarded solely in this light. 
 The text of the oi'iginal has been cut and arranged in accord- 
 ance toith this idea, and zuith the plan of action pursued by 
 Edwin Booth. This version differs from those used by 
 Macready and Foj-rest, and it also differs from all others in 
 print or in use. The purpose which has governed in the 
 editorial work was the purpose to give all possible prominetice 
 to the poetical aspect of the character. As to particular 
 modifications : the long motiologue that begins Act Third has 
 been shortened to a few carefully chosen lines ; several 
 7ninor scenes and several clusters of supetfiuous lines have 
 been omitted ; and the characters of the Governor and 
 Gaoler of the Bastile have been excised. The year of the 
 play is indicated by the reference, in Act Fifth, to the loss, 
 by Charles I, of '■' a battle that decides one-half his irahn.'' 
 The earliest of the Parliamentary victories that could with 
 propriety be so designated was the battle of Mars ton Moor, 
 fought on luly 2d, 1644. Bukuer, it must be assumed, 
 intended to take a poetic license with history, since, while no
 
 other battle than that is responsive to his allusion^ both 
 Richelieu and Louis XIII. were dead before that battle 
 was fought, before any important battle had signalized 
 the strife betwixt Charles I. and the Puritans, and before 
 Cromwell had become known. Louis XIII. , of Fra::ce, 
 r:ig:u\l from i6lO to 164J. Liichelieu died in 1642, aged 
 57. Cromwell, even at Marston Moor, ivas but second in 
 command. Richelieu, it is probable, never heard of him. 
 This drama was first acted in America, September 4th, i8jg, 
 at Wal lack's National Theatre, in Leonard Street, Neiv- 
 York. Edwin Forrest was then the representative of the 
 Cardinal. 
 
 " Vivet exteiito Procuteius aevo, 
 A^otiis in /rates animi paterni." 
 
 W. IK 
 Nexv- York, March gth, i8y8.
 
 " The purest treasure mortal times afford 
 Is spotless reputation : that away. 
 Men are but gilded loam or painted clay. 
 A jewel in a ten-times bai red-tip chest 
 Is a bold spirit in a loyal breast. 
 Mine honour is my life ; both grow in one : 
 Take honour from me and my life is done." — Shakespeare. 
 
 "To him the church, the realm, their poiuer consign ; 
 Through him the rays of regal bounty shine ; 
 Turned by his nod, the stream of honour fows : 
 His smile alone security bestows : 
 Still to new heights his restless wishes tower : 
 Claim leads to claim, and power advances power." 
 
 Dh. Johnson 
 
 ' ' The brave man carves out his fortune, and rvery man is the son of liii 
 own works." — Cervan i es. 
 
 'A fiery soul, ivhich, working out its way, 
 
 Fretted the pigmy body to decay. 
 
 And d er-itifonned the tenement of clay." — Drydi^n. 
 
 'Conceal not Time's misdeeds, but on my brow 
 
 Retrace his tnark ; 
 Let the retiring hair be silvery now. 
 
 That once was dark : 
 Eyes that reflected images too bright. 
 
 Let clouds dercjst. 
 And from the tablet be abolished quite, 
 
 The cheerful past." — Landor. 
 
 "Old as I am, I knoio what passioti is. 
 It is the summer's heat, sir, whicli in vain 
 We look for frost ?«."— Sheridan Knowles. 
 
 'Cardinal Richelieu s politics made France the terror of Europe. " 
 
 Addison. 
 
 "He who ascends to mountain tops shall find 
 The loftiest peaks most wrappe I in clouds and snow ; 
 He who surpasses or subdues mankiid 
 Must look down^ on the hate of those below. 
 Thouorh high above the sun of glory glow. 
 And far beneath the earth and ocean spreaf 
 Round him are icy rocks, and loudly blozu 
 Contending tempests on his naked head. 
 And thus reward the toils which to those summits led." 
 
 Lord Byron.
 
 Louis XIII., King of France. 
 Gaston, Duke of Orleans, brothe7- to the King. 
 Cardinal Richelieu. 
 Baradas, the King's favourite. 
 
 Adrian de Mauprat, an officer in the French Army. 
 De Beringhen, a courtier. 
 JoSLPH, a Capuchin, confidant to Richelieu. 
 HuGuirr. an officer and a spy in Richelieu's service. 
 FkANgois, a Page to Richelieu. 
 FiR'-T Courtier. 
 FiRsr Conspirator. 
 Captain of the Guard. 
 
 First, Second, and Third Secretaries of State. 
 Julie de Mortem ar, an orphan, ward to Richelieu. 
 Marion de Lorme, a spy for Richelieu. 
 Courtiers, Pages, Conspirators, Officers, Soldiers, 
 Gentlemen, and Attendants. 
 
 3piacc and Cinic. 
 
 Scene. — Paris and Ruelle [Reuil], in France. 
 Period. —Middle of the Seventeenth Century. 
 Time of Action.— /Y^z/r days. 
 
 Scenes Required. — First Act, two; Second Act, two ; 
 Third Act, one ; Fourth Act, one ; Fifth Act, one. The 
 principal scene set for Act First is used again in Act 
 Second.
 
 RICHELIEU. 
 
 4 
 
 FIRST DAY. 
 
 C Paris. A Room in the House of 
 Marion De Lorme. Baradas and 
 Orleans at table r. Marion De 
 ^ccnc Jfirst. <J Lorme conversing with a Court- 
 ier c. De Beringhen, De Mau- 
 PRAT, and Courtiers playing at 
 DICE L. Courtiers looking on. 
 
 Or/. [Drm/iwg. 
 
 Here 's to our enterprize ! 
 
 Bar. \Glancing at Marion. 
 
 Hush, sir! 
 
 Orl. {Aside. 
 
 Nay, count. 
 
 You may trust her; she doats on me; no house 
 
 So safe as Marion's. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Still, we have a secret; 
 
 And oil and water — woman and a secret — 
 
 Are hostile properties. 
 
 Orl. 
 
 Well — Marion, see 
 
 How the play prospers yonder. 
 
 \ Mar ion goes to the table l.
 
 lO RICHELIEU. 
 
 Bar. [Producing a parcJimcnt. 
 
 I have now 
 
 All the conditions drawn ; it only needs 
 
 Our signatures. 
 
 Bouillon will join his army with the Spaniard, 
 
 March on to Paris : there, dethrone the king ; 
 
 You will be regent; I, and ye, my lords 
 
 Form the new council. So much for the core 
 
 Of our great scheme. 
 
 Orl. 
 
 But Richelieu is an Argus ; 
 
 One of his hundred eyes will light upon us, 
 
 And then — good-by to life. 
 
 Bar. 
 To gain the prize 
 
 We must destroy the Argus : — ay, my lord. 
 The scroll the core, but blood must fill the veins 
 Of our design : while this dispatched to Bouillon, 
 Richelieu dispatched to Heaven ! The last my charge. 
 Meet here to-morrow night. You, sir, as first 
 In honour and in hope, meanwhile select 
 Some trusty knave to bear the scroll to Bouillon : 
 'Midst Richelieu's foes, / '// find some desperate hand 
 To strike for vengeance, while we stride to power. 
 
 Orl. 
 
 So be it: — to-morrow, midnight. — Come, my lords. 
 
 [Exeunt Orleans, and the courtiers in his train. 
 Those at the other table rise, salute Orleans, as 
 he passes out, and irseat themselves. Baradas 
 goes to table L, and watches the game. 
 
 De Ber. 
 
 Double the stakes. 
 
 De Maup. 
 Done.
 
 RICHELIEU. II 
 
 De Ber. 
 
 I>ravo ; faith, it shames me 
 
 'I'o bleed a purse already in extremis. 
 
 De Maiip. 
 Nay, as you 've had the patient to yourself 
 So long, no other doctor should dispatch it. 
 
 \^Dc Mauprat throws and lose: 
 
 Omnes. 
 Lost ! Ha, ha — poor De Mauprat ! 
 
 De Ber. 
 One throw more ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 No ; I am bankrupt : 
 
 There goes all except \_Piishiiig '^old. 
 
 My honour and my sword. 
 
 De Ber. 
 Ay, take the sword 
 
 To Cardinal Richelieu : — he gives gold for steel, 
 AVhen worn by brave men. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 \^Kises and ^oes to table r. 
 Richelieu ! 
 
 De Ber. [ To Baradas. 
 
 At that name 
 
 He changes colour, bites his nether lip. 
 Ev'n in his brightest moments whisper " Richelieu," 
 .And you cloud all his sunshine. 
 
 Bar. 
 1 have marked it. 
 And I will learn the wherefore. 
 
 De Maup. 
 The Kgy|)tian 
 
 Dissolved her richest jewel in a draught :' 
 VVo'ild I could .so melt time and all its treasures, 
 And drain it thus. [Drinking.
 
 RICHELIEU. 
 
 De Ber. 
 
 Come, gentlemen, what say ye ; 
 A walk on the Parade ? 
 
 Omnes. 
 Ay, come, De Mauprat. 
 
 De Maup. 
 Pardon me ; we shall meet again, ere night-fall. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 I '11 stay and comfort Mauprat. 
 
 De Ber. 
 Comfort ! — When 
 
 We gallant fellows have run out a friend, 
 There 's nothing left — except to run him through ! 
 There 's the last act of friendship. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Let me keep 
 
 That favour in reserve ; in all beside 
 
 Your most obedient servant. 
 
 [Exeunt alt but De Mauprat and Baradas. 
 
 [N. B. — The scene is sometimes champed, at this 
 point, to facilitate the setting of the room in 
 Richelieu'' s palace. \ 
 
 Bar. 
 
 You have lost — 
 Yet are not sad. 
 
 De Maup. 
 Sad! — Life and gold have wings, 
 And must fly one day ; — open then, their cages, 
 And wish them merry. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 You 're a strange enigma ; 
 
 Fiery in war and yet to glory lukewarm ; 
 
 All mirth in action; in repose all gloom.
 
 RICHELIEU. 13 
 
 Fortune of late has severed us — and led 
 
 Me to the rank of courtier, count, and favourite, 
 
 You to the titles of the wildest gallant 
 
 And bravest knight in France : are you content ? 
 
 No; — trust in me — some gloomy secret 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Ay;- 
 
 A secret that doth haunt me, as of old. 
 
 Men were possessed of fiends: where'er I turn, 
 
 The grave yawns dark before me. — I will trust you : 
 
 Hating the Cardinal, and beguiled by Orleans, 
 
 You know I joined the Languedoc revolt — 
 
 ^Vas captured — sent to the Bastile 
 
 Bar. 
 
 But shared 
 
 The general pardon, which the Duke of Orleans 
 
 Won for himself, and all in the revolt 
 
 Who but obeyed his orders. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Note the phrase : 
 
 " Obeyed his orders.'''' Well, when on my way 
 To join the duke in Languedoc, I (then 
 The down upon my lip — less man than boy). 
 Leading young valours, reckless as myself. 
 Seized on the town of Faviaux, and displaced 
 The royal banners for the rebel. Orleans, 
 Never too daring, when I reached the camp, 
 Blamed me for acting — mark — luithout his orders. 
 Upon this quibble, Richelieu razed my name 
 Out of the general pardon. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Yet released you 
 From the Bastile-
 
 14 RICHELIEU. 
 
 De Maiip. 
 
 I'o call me to his presence 
 
 iVnd thus address me : — " You have seized a town 
 Of France, without the orders of your leader ; 
 And for this treason, but one sentence — Death." 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Death ! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 " I have pity on your youth and birth, 
 
 Nor wish to glut the headsman : join your troop, 
 
 Now on the march against the Spaniards ; change 
 
 The traitor's scaffold for the soldier's grave : 
 
 Your memory stainless — they who shared your crime 
 
 Exiled or dead — your king shall never learn it." 
 
 Bar. 
 
 tender pity — O most charming prospect ! 
 Blown into atoms by a bomb, or drilled 
 Into a cullender by gunshot ! — Well ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 You have heard if I fought bravely. Death became 
 
 Desired, as Daphne by the eager Daygod.^ 
 
 Like him I chased the nymph — to grasp the laurel! 
 
 1 could not die ! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Poor fellow ! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 When the Cardinal 
 
 Ileviewed the troops, his eyes met mine ; he frowned, 
 
 Summoned me forth: '"How 's this?" quoth he : "you 
 
 have shunned 
 The sword — beware the axe! 't will fall one day!" 
 He left me thus; we were recalled to Paris, 
 And — you know all !
 
 RICHELIEU. 15 
 
 Bar. 
 
 And, knowing this, why halt you, 
 Spelled by the rattlesnake, while in the breasts 
 Of your firm ftiends beat hearts that vow the death 
 Of your grim tyrant ? — wake : be one of us; 
 The time invites: the king detests the Cardinal, 
 1 )ares not disgrace, but groans to be delivered 
 Of that too great a subject: join your friends, 
 Free France, and save yourself. 
 
 De Alaup. 
 
 Hush ! Richelieu bears 
 
 A charmed life: to all who have braved his power 
 
 One common end — the block! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Nay, if he live, 
 
 The block your doom. 
 
 De Maiip. 
 
 Better the victim, count, 
 
 Tlian the assassin : France requires a Richelieu, 
 
 But does not need a Mauprat. Truce to this : 
 
 All time one midnight, where my thoughts are spectres : 
 
 What to me fame ? — what love ? — 
 
 Bar. 
 Yet dost thou not love? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Love? — I am young 
 
 Bar. 
 
 And Julie fair! \Aside\ It is so. 
 
 Upon the margin of the grave, his hand 
 
 Would pluck the rose that /would win and wear! r ,,,, , 
 
 1 hou lovest ' 
 
 De Maup. \ (,'ai/y. 
 
 No more ! 
 
 1 love : Your breast holds both my secrets : never 
 Unbury either I — Come, while yet we may,
 
 l6 RICHELIEU. 
 
 We '11 bask us in the noon of rosy life ; 
 Lounge through the gardens, flaunt in the taverns, 
 Laugh, game, drink, feast : if so confined my days, 
 Faith, I '11 enclose the nights. Pshaw, not so grave ; 
 I 'm a true Frenchman ! — Vnr la bagatelle I 
 
 [Enter Hugiiet and guards L. 
 
 Hug. 
 
 Messire De Mauprat, — I arrest you ! — Follow 
 To the lord Cardinal. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 You see, my friend, 
 
 I 'm out of my suspense ; the tiger 's played 
 Long enough with his prey. Farewell ! Hereafter 
 Say, when men name me, " Adrian De Mauprat 
 Lived without hope, and perished without fear ! " 
 
 [Exeunt De Mauprat, Huguet, and guards, L. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Farewell ! I trust forever ! I designed thee 
 
 For Richelieu's murderer — but as well his martyr! 
 
 In childhood you the stronger, and I cursed you; 
 
 In youth the tairer, and I cursed you still; 
 
 And now my rival: while the name of Julie 
 
 Hung on thy lips, I smiled — for then I saw. 
 
 In my mind's eye, the cold and grinning Death, 
 
 Hang o'er thy head the pall ! Ambition, love, 
 
 Ye twin-born stars of daring destinies. 
 
 Sit in my house of life! By the king's aid 
 
 I will be Julie's husband, in despite 
 
 Of my lord Cardinal. By the king's aid 
 
 I will be minister of France, in spite 
 
 Of my lord Cardinal ; and then ; what then ? 
 
 The king loves Julie ; feeble prince ! false master ! 
 
 Then, by the aid of Bouillon, and the Spaniard, 
 
 I will dethrone the king; and all — ha ! — ha ! 
 
 All, in despite of my lord Cardinal. 
 
 [Scene changes.
 
 RtCHELlEU. 17 
 
 J. ^ ( Paris. A Room in 
 t ^ecairt. I Cardinal Richeli 
 
 Paris. A Room in the Palace of 
 
 EU. 
 
 [Enter Richelieu and Joseph. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 And so you think this new conspiracy 
 
 The craftiest trap yet laid for the old fox ? 
 
 Fox ! well, I like the nickname : what did Plutarch 
 
 Say of the Greek Lysander ? 
 
 Jos. 
 I forget. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 That where the lion's skin fell short, he eked it 
 Out with the fox's ! A great statesman, Joseph, 
 That same Lysander. 
 
 Jos. 
 Orleans heads the traitors. 
 
 Rich. 
 A very wooden head, then ! Well ? 
 
 Jos. 
 The favourite, 
 Count Baradas — 
 
 Rich. 
 A weed of hasty growth. 
 
 First gentleman of the chamber, — titles, lands, 
 And the king's ear. It cost me six long winters 
 To mount as high as in six little moons ' 
 This painted lizard: but I hold the ladder, 
 And when I shake he falls : what more ? 
 
 Jos. 
 A scheme 
 
 lo make your orphan-ward an instrument 
 To aid your foes. 
 Your ward has charmed the king.
 
 iS RICHELIEU. 
 
 Out on you ! 
 
 Have 1 not, one by one, from such fair shoots, 
 
 Plucked the insidious ivy of his love ? 
 
 And shall it creep around my blossoming tree, 
 
 Where innocent thoughts, like happy birds, make music 
 
 That spirits in heaven might hear ? 
 
 The king is weak: whoever the king loves 
 
 Must rule the king ; the lady loves another ; 
 
 The other rules the lady : thus we 're balked 
 
 Of our own proper sway. The king must have 
 
 No goddess but the state : — the state ! that 's Richelieu ! 
 
 JflS. 
 
 This is not the worst : Louis, in all decorous. 
 And deeming you her least compliant guardian, 
 Would veil his suit by marriage with his minion, 
 Your prosperous foe. Count Baradas ! 
 
 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Ha! 
 
 ha! 
 
 
 I have another bride for Baradas ! 
 
 
 
 Jos. 
 
 You, 
 
 my lord ? 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Ay — more faithful than the love 
 Of fickle woman; when the head lies lowest. 
 Clasping him fondest : sorrow never knew 
 So sure a soother; and her bed is stainless ! 
 
 \Enier Frangois c. 
 Fran. 
 
 Mademoiselle De Mortem ar ! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Most opportune : admit her. [Exit Francois c. 
 
 In my closet 
 
 You '11 find a rosary, Joseph ; ere you tell
 
 RlCMELlEtJ. ig 
 
 Three hundred beads, I'll summon you. Stay, Joseph; 
 
 I did omit an Ave in my matins, — 
 
 A grievous fault; atone it for me, Joseph; 
 
 There is a scourge within ; I am weak, you strong ; 
 
 It were but charity to take my sin 
 
 On such broad shoulders. 
 
 Jos. 
 
 I ! guiky of such criminal presumption 
 
 As to mistake myself for you! No, never! 
 
 Think it not ! [Aside.] Troth, a pleasant invitation ! 
 
 [£xi^ Joseph l. Enter Julie De Mortcmar c. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 That's my sweet Julie! 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Are you gracious ? [Phiciug herself at his feet. 
 
 May I say " Father ? " 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Now and ever ! 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Father ! 
 
 A sweet word to an orphan. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 No, not orphan 
 
 While Richelieu lives : thy father loved me well; 
 
 My friend, ere I had flatterers : now I 'm great, 
 
 In other phrase, I 'm friendless : he died young 
 
 In years, not service, and bequeathed thee to me ; 
 
 And thou shalt have a dowry, girl, to buy 
 
 Thy mate amid the mightiest. Drooping? — sighs? — 
 
 Art thou not happy at the court ? 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Not often.
 
 20 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Rich. [Asii/i, 
 
 Can she love Baradas ? Ah ! at thy heart [To Jii/ie. 
 
 There's what can smile and sigh, blush and grow pale, 
 All in a breath. Thou art admired — art young. 
 Does not his majesty commend thy beauty; 
 Ask thee to sing to him ? 
 
 Tu/ie, 
 
 He 's very tiresome, 
 Our worthy king. 
 
 J?ic/i. 
 
 Fie ! Kings are never tiresome 
 Save to their ministers. What courtly gallants 
 Charm ladies most ? De Sourdiac, Longueville, or 
 The favourite, Baradas ? 
 
 A smileless man — I 
 Fear and shun him. 
 
 Yet he courts thee ! 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Then — 
 
 He is more tiresome than his majesty. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Right, girl; shun Baradas. Yet of these flowers 
 Of France, not one, in whose more honeyed breath 
 Thy heart hears summer whisper ? 
 
 [Enter Huguet c. 
 Hug. 
 
 The Chevalier De Mauprat waits below. 
 
 Julie. [Starting i/p, in alarm. 
 De Mauprat!
 
 RICHELIEU. 21 
 
 Rich. 
 Hem ! 
 I le has been tiresome too ! Anon. 
 
 \Exit Hui^iiet c. 
 
 Julie. 
 What doth he ? 
 
 I mean — I — does your eminence — that is — 
 Know you Messire de Mauprat ? 
 
 Rich. 
 Well ! — and you — 
 Has he addressed you often ? 
 
 Julie. 
 Often! No — 
 
 Nine times : nay, ten ; the last time by the lattice 
 Of the great staircase. [/« a melancholy tone. 
 
 The court sees him rarely. 
 
 Rich. 
 A bold and forward roister ! 
 
 Julie. 
 He? nay, modest, 
 Gentle and sad, methinks. 
 
 Rich. 
 Wears gold and azure ? 
 
 Julie. 
 No, sable. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 So, you note his colours, Julie ? 
 
 Shame on you, cliild, look loftier. By the mass, 
 
 1 have business with this modest gentleman. 
 
 Julie. 
 You 're angry with poor Julie : there 's no cause. 
 
 Rich. 
 No cause ! you hate my foes ?
 
 22 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Julie. 
 I do. 
 
 Rich. 
 Hate Mauprat. 
 
 Julie. 
 Not Mauprat : no, not Adrian, father. 
 
 Rich. 
 Adrian ? \ Julie moves timnxni c. 
 
 Familiar! Go, child ; no, — not ///<?/" way ; wait 
 In the tapestry chamber: 1 will join you, — gc. 
 
 Julie. [Going h. 
 
 His brows are knit; I dare not call him father. 
 But I w/zj-/ speak. Your eminence — 
 
 Rich. [Sternly . 
 
 Well, girl ! 
 
 Julie. 
 Nay, 
 
 Smile on me — one smile; there, now I 'm happy. 
 Do not rank Mauprat with your foes ; he is not ; 
 I know he is not ; he loves France too well. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Not rank De Mauprat with my foes ? 
 
 So be it. 
 
 I '11 blot him from that list. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 That's my own father. 
 
 [Exit Julie R. i.e. 
 
 Rich. [Ringing bell on table. 
 
 Huguet ! 
 
 [Enter Huguet c. 
 De Mauprat struggled not, nor murmured ? 
 
 Hug 
 No : proud and passive.
 
 RICHELIEU. 23 
 
 Rich. 
 
 \\'u\ him enter. Hold : 
 
 !,() )k that he hide no weapon. Humph ; despair 
 Makes victims sometimes victors. When he has entered, 
 (.dide round unseen ; place thyself yonder , watch him; 
 If he show violence — (let me see thy carbine : 
 
 \Takes^ txa.nines^ and returns JIugu.fs carbine. 
 So ; a good weapon) ; if he play the lion, 
 Why — the dog's death. 
 
 Hug. 
 I never miss my mark. 
 
 \^Exit Huguct c. RicJicUeu slo7vly arranges papers 
 before him. Enter De Mauprat c, preceded by 
 Huguet, who retires R. and conceals himself. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 A-pproach, sir. Can you call to mind the hour, 
 Now three years since, when in this room, methinks, 
 Your presence honoured me ? 
 
 De Ma up. 
 It is, my lord. 
 
 One of my most 
 
 Rich. [Dryly. 
 
 Delightful recollections.^ 
 
 De Maup. [Aside. 
 
 St. Denis ! doth he make a jest of axe and headsman ? 
 
 Rich. [Sternly. 
 
 I did then accord you 
 A mercy ill requited. 
 Messire de Mauprat, 
 
 Doomed to sure death, how have you since consumed 
 The time allotted you for serious thought 
 And solemn penance ? 
 
 De Afaup. [Embarrassed. 
 
 The time, my lord ?
 
 24 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Is not the question plain ? 1 '11 answer for thee. 
 
 Thou hast sought nor priest nor shrine ; no sackcloth 
 
 chafed 
 Thy delicate flesh : the rosary and the death's head 
 Have not, with pious meditation, purged 
 Earth from the carnal gaze. What thou hast not done 
 Brief told ; what done, a volume ! Wild debauch, 
 Turbulent riot : for the morn the dice-box ; 
 Noon claimed the duel, and the night the wassail : 
 These your most holy, pure preparatives 
 For death and judgment. Do I wrong you, sir ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 I was not always thus : if changed my nature, 
 
 Blame that which changed my fate. Alas, my lord, 
 
 Were you accursed with that which you inflicted — 
 
 By bed and board dogged by one ghasdy spectre, 
 
 The while within you youth beat high, and life 
 
 Grew lovelier from the neighbouring frown of death — 
 
 The heart no bud, nor fruit, save in those seeds 
 
 Most worthless, which spring up, bloom, bear, and wither 
 
 In the same hour — were this your fate, perchance, 
 
 You would have erred, like me ! 
 
 Rich. 
 I might, like you, 
 
 Have been a brawler and a reveller; not, 
 Like you, a trickster and a thief. 
 
 De Maup. \Advancingy threateningly. 
 Lord Cardinal, 
 Unsay those words ! 
 
 \Hugiiet emerges and raises his carbine. 
 
 Rich. [Raises his hand. 
 
 Not quite so quick, friend Huguet ; 
 
 Messire de Mauprat is a patient man, 
 
 And he can wait. 
 
 You have outrun your fortune ; [To De Mauprat,
 
 RICHELIEU. 25 
 
 I blame you not that you would be a beggar — 
 Each to his taste; but I do charge you, sir, 
 That, being beggared, you would coin false moneys 
 Oat of that crucible, called debt: to live 
 On means not yours ; be brave in silks and laces, 
 Gallant in steeds, splendid in banquets; — all 
 Not yours ; ungiven, uninherited, unpaid foi : 
 This is to be a trickster; and to filch 
 Men's art and labour, which to them is wealth. 
 Life, daily bread, — quitting all scores with — " Friend, 
 You 're troublesome ! " Why this, forgive me. 
 Is what — when done with a less dainty grace — 
 Plain folks call " Theft!'' You owe ten thousand pis- 
 toles, 
 Minus one crown, two liards! 
 
 De Maiip. \Aside. 
 
 The old conjurer ! 
 
 Rich. 
 This is scandalous. 
 
 Shaming your birth and blood. I tell you, sir, 
 That you must pay your debts. 
 
 De Maiip. 
 With all my heart. 
 My lord : where shall I borrow, then, the money ? 
 
 Rich. [Aside, and smiling. 
 
 A liumourous dare-devil : the very man 
 
 To suit my purpose ; ready, frank, and bold. 
 
 [ To De Mai/prat, and rising. 
 Adrian de Mauprat, men have called me cruel ; 
 I am n )t; I am just. I found France rent asunder; 
 Tl.e rich men despots and the poor banditti; 
 Slo.a i.i the mart and schism within the temple; 
 Bra vis festering to rebellion; and weak laws 
 Rotting away with rust in antique sheaths. 
 I have re-created France ; and from the ashes 
 Of the old feudal and decrepit carcass, 
 Civilization on her luminous wings
 
 26 
 
 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Soars, phoenix-like, to Jove ! What was my art ? 
 
 Genius, some say ; some, fortune ; witchcraft, some : 
 
 Not so ; my art was justice ! Force and fraud 
 
 Mis-name it crueUy : you shall confute them ! 
 
 My champion you ! You met me as your foe. 
 
 Depart my friend. You shall not die : France needs 
 
 you. 
 You shall wipe off all stains ; be rich, be honoured ; 
 Be great : I ask, sir, in return, this hand, 
 
 [D^ Mauprat kneels. 
 To gift it wath a bride, whose dower shall match, 
 Yet not exceed her beauty. 
 
 De Maup. [Hesitating. 
 
 I, my lord — 
 
 I have no wish to marry. 
 
 Hich. 
 
 Surely, sir. 
 
 To die were worse. 
 
 De Maup. [Jiises. 
 
 Scarcely ; the poorest coward 
 
 Must die; but knowingly to march to marriage — 
 
 My lord, it asks the courage of a lion ! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Traitor, thou triflest with me. I know all. 
 Thou hast dared to love my ward — my charge. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 As rivers 
 
 May love the sunlight — basking in the beams, 
 
 And hurrying on. 
 
 Rich. 
 Thou hast told her of thy love ?
 
 RICHELIEU. 27 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 My lord, if I had dared to love a maid. 
 
 Lowliest in France, I would not so have wronged her, 
 
 As bid her link rich life and virgin hope 
 
 ^Vith one, the deathman's gripe might, from her side, 
 
 Pluck at the nuptial altar. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 I beheve thee : 
 
 Yet, since she knows not of thy love, renounce her ; 
 
 Take life and fortune Avith another. — Silent ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Your fate has been one triumph : you know not 
 How blessed a thing it was in my dark hour 
 To nurse the one sweet thought you bid me banish. 
 Love hath no need of words ; nor less within 
 That holiest temple, the heaven-builded soul. 
 Breathes the recorded vow. Base knight, false lover 
 Were he who bartered all that brightened grief 
 Or sanctified despair, for life and gold. 
 Revoke your mercy ; I prefer the fate 
 I looked for. 
 
 Rich. [ To Hugnet, sternly. 
 
 Huguet, to the tapestry chamber 
 Conduct your prisoner. 
 
 [ To De Maiiprat. 
 You will there behold 
 The executioner: — your doom be private — 
 
 [^Crosses to R. 
 And heaven have mercy on you! 
 
 De Maup. 
 AVhea I 'm dead. 
 Tell her I loved her — 
 
 Rich. [Hiding his /cue. 
 
 Keep such follies, sir, 
 For fitter ears. Go.
 
 28 RICHELIEU. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Does lie mock me ? 
 
 \Exeiint De Mauprat and Ihiguct r. i.e. 
 [Richelieu laughs. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Joseph, 
 Come forth. 
 
 [Enter Joseph L. i.e. 
 Methinks your cheek has lost its rubies, Joseph. 
 I fear you have been too lavish of the flesh ; 
 The scourge is heavy. 
 
 Jos. 
 Pray you, change the subject. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 You good men are so modest ! Well, to business. 
 Go instantly — deeds — notaries! — bid my stewards 
 Prepare my house by the Luzembourg — my house 
 No more ! — a bridal present to my ward, 
 Who weds to-morrow. 
 
 Weds ? with whom ? 
 
 De Mauprat. 
 
 A penniless husband. . 
 
 Jos. 
 Rich. 
 
 Jos. 
 Rich. 
 
 Bah ! the mate for beauty 
 Should be a man and not a money-chest ! 
 When her brave sire lay on his bed of death, 
 I vowed to be a father to his Julie ; 
 And so he died — the smile upon his lips: 
 And when I spared the life of her young lover, 
 Methought I saw that smile again. Who else> 
 Look you, in all the court, who else so well,
 
 RICHELIEU. 2;) 
 
 Brave, or supplant the favourite ; balk the king, 
 
 Baffle their schemes? I have tried him: he has honour 
 
 and courage. 
 Besides, he has taste, this Mauprat : when my pla) 
 Was acted — to dull tiers of lifeless gapers, 
 Who had no soul for poetry — I saw him 
 Applaud, in the proper places : trust me, Joseph, 
 He is a man of most uncommon promise 1 
 
 Jos. 
 And yet your foe. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Have I not foes enow ? 
 
 Great men gain doubly when they make foes friends. 
 
 Remember my grand maxims : first employ 
 
 All methods to conciliate.^ 
 
 Jos. 
 Failing these ? 
 
 Rich. [Fiercely, 
 
 All means to crush ! as with the opening and 
 The clenching of this little hand I will 
 Crush the small venom of these stinging courtiers. — 
 So, so, we *ve baffled Baradas. 
 
 Jos. 
 
 And when 
 
 Check the conspiracy ? 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Check ? check ? Full way to it. 
 
 Let it b.id, ripen, flaunt i' the day, and burst 
 
 To fruit — the Dead Sea's fruit of ashes; ashes 
 
 Which I will scatter to the winds. 
 
 Go, Joseph ; 
 
 When you return I have a feast for you; 
 
 The last great act of my great play : the verses, 
 
 Methinks, are fine. 
 
 Come, you shall hear the verses now. [Seating hiwipltt
 
 3* RICHELIEU. 
 
 Jos. [Aside. 
 
 Worse than the scourge ! 
 Strange that so great a statesman 
 Should be so bad a poet. 
 
 J^ic/i. 
 
 What dost thou say ? 
 
 Jos. 
 
 That it is strange so great a statesman should 
 Be so subUme a poet.^ 
 
 O you rogue, you rogue! 
 But come, the verses now. 
 
 Jos. 
 My lord, 
 The deeds, the notaries. 
 
 J^ic/i. 
 
 True, I pity you ! 
 
 But business first, then pleasure. \Exit Joseph c. 
 
 Rich, \Reading. 
 
 Ah, sublime 1 
 
 \Ejitcr De Maiiprat and Julie R. i . e 
 
 De Maiip. 
 
 O, speak, my lord ! I dare not think you mock mc. 
 
 And yet \They kneel I cj'ort hi..: 
 
 Rich. 
 
 This line must be considered. 
 
 Jjilie. 
 
 Are we not both your children ? 
 
 Rich. 
 O, sir — you live! 
 
 \Affccting Jiow to see them for the first iiute.
 
 niCHELIEU. 31 
 
 De Maup. 
 Why, no ; methinks 
 Elysium is not life. 
 
 Julie. 
 He smiles ! you smile, 
 My father : from my heart forever, now, 
 I '11 blot the name of orphan. 
 
 Rich. 
 Rise, my children — 
 
 For ye are mine, mine both ; and in your sweet 
 And young delight, your love (life's first-born glory) 
 My own lost youth breathes musical. 
 
 De Maup. 
 I '11 seek 
 
 Temple and priest henceforward : were it but 
 To learn Heaven's choicest blessings. 
 
 Rich. 
 Thou shalt seek 
 
 Temple antl priest right soon : the morrow's sun 
 Shall see across these barren thresholds pass 
 The fairest bride in Paris. Go, my children : 
 Even / loved once: '" be lovers while ye may. 
 
 [ To De Mauprat 
 How ij it with you, sir? You bear it bravely: 
 You know it asks the courage o^ a lion. 
 
 \Exeunt De ATauprat and Julie ■', 
 O, God-like power! woe, rapture, penury, wealth, 
 Marriage, and death, for c ne infirm old man 
 Through a great empire to dispen e — withhold — 
 As the will whispers! And shall things, Hke motes 
 That live in my daylight; lackeys of court wages; 
 Dwarfed starvelings; manikins, upon whose shoulders 
 The burden of a province were a load, 
 More heavy than the globe on Atlas, cast 
 Lots for my robes and sceptre ? — France, I love theef 
 All earth shall never j luck thee from my heart! 
 My mistress, France ; m\- wedded wife, sweet France j 
 Who shall proclaim divcjrce for thee and me 1 
 
 CURTAIN.
 
 SECOND D 
 
 wwim; j( h.*!., ^ j^^^.g House 
 
 second day. 
 Paris. An Apartment in De Maup^ 
 
 [Efiter Baradas h. 
 Bar. 
 
 Mauprat's new home : too splendid for a soldier ! 
 
 But o'er his floors, the while I stalk, methinks 
 
 My shadow spreads gigantic to the gloom 
 
 The old, rude towers of the Bastile cast far 
 
 Along the smoothness of the jocund day. 
 
 Well, thou liast 'scaped the fierce caprice of Richelieu i 
 
 But art thou further from the headsman, fool ? 
 
 Thy secret I have whispered to the king: 
 
 Thy marriage makes the king thy foe : thou stand'st 
 
 On the abyss — and in the pool below 
 
 I see a ghastly, headless phantom mirrored, — 
 
 Thy likeness, ere the marriage moon hath waned. 
 
 Meanwhile — meanwhile — ha, ha! if thou art wedded, 
 
 Thou art not wived! 
 
 \E?iter De Mauprat r 
 De MauJ>. 
 
 Was ever fate like mine? — 
 
 So blessed, and yet so wretched I 
 
 Bar. 
 Joy, De Mauprat ! 
 Why, what a brow, man, for your wedding-day I 
 
 De Maup, 
 Jest not. Distraction!
 
 RICHELIEU, 33 
 
 Bar. 
 
 What! your wife a shrew 
 
 Already? Courage, man — the common lot. 
 
 Dc Maup. 
 O, that she were less lovely, or less loved I 
 
 Bar. 
 Riddles again! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 You know what chanced between 
 The Cardinal and myself. 
 
 Bar. 
 This morning brought 
 
 Your letter: faith, a strange account. I laughed 
 And wept at once for gladness. 
 
 De Maup. 
 We were wed 
 
 At noon : the rite performed, came hither — scarce 
 Arrived, when 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Well? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Wide flew the doors, and lo! 
 
 Messire de Beringhen, and this epistle. 
 
 Bar. 
 'Tis the king's hand; the royal seal. 
 
 De Maup. 
 Read — read ! 
 
 Bar. \Reading. 
 
 "Whereas Adrian de Mauprat, colonel and chevalier 
 in our armies, being already guilty of high treason, by the 
 seizure of our town of Faviaux, has presumed, without our 
 knowledge, consent, or sanction, to connect himself by 
 
 3
 
 34 
 
 RICHELIEU. 
 
 marriage with Julie de Mortemar, a wealthy orphan, 
 attached to the person of Her Majesty; we do hereby 
 proclaim and declare the said marriage contrary to law. 
 On penalty of death, Adrian de Mauprat will not com- 
 municate with the said Julie de Mortemar by word or 
 letter, save in the j^resence of our faithful servant, the 
 Sieur de Beringhen, and then with such respect and 
 decorum as are due to a demoiselle attached to the Court 
 of France : until such time as it may suit our royal pleas- 
 ure to confer with the Holy Church on the formal annul- 
 ment of the marriage, and with our Council on the punish- 
 ment to be awarded to Messire de Mauprat, who is 
 cautic^ned, for his own sake, to preserve silence as to our 
 injunction, more especially to Mademoiselle de Mortemar. 
 (iiven under our hand and seal, at the Louvre, 
 
 " Louis." 
 [Gives back letter to De Mauprat. 
 
 Amazement! Did woi Richelieu say the king 
 
 Knew not your crime? 
 
 De Ma up. 
 
 He said so. 
 
 Bar. 
 Poor de Maujjrat! 
 
 See you the snare, the vengeance worse than death 
 Of which you are the victim? 
 
 De Maiip. 
 Ha! 
 
 Snare? vengeance, 
 \\'orse than death ? Be plainer. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 What so clear? 
 
 Richelieu has but two passions. 
 
 De Maup, 
 Richelieu!
 
 RICHELIEU. 35 
 
 Bar. 
 
 5fes. 
 
 Ambition and revenge : in you both blended. 
 
 First for ambition: Julie is his ward^ 
 
 Innocent, docile, phant to his will; 
 
 He placed her at the court; foresaw the rest: 
 
 The king loves Julie! 
 
 De Maiip. 
 
 Merciful Heaven! The king! 
 
 Bar. ■ 
 
 Such Cupids lend new plumes to Richelieu's wings: 
 
 But the court etiquette must give such Cupids 
 
 The veil of Hymen — Hymen but in name. 
 
 He looked abroad; found you his foe; thus served 
 
 Ambition — by the grandeur of his ward, 
 
 And vengeance — by dishonour to his foe. 
 
 De Maup, 
 Prove this. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 You have the proof — the royal letter; 
 
 Your strange exemption from the general pardon, 
 
 Known but to me and Richelieu : can you doubt 
 
 Your friend, to acquit your foe? The truth is glaring 
 
 Richelieu alone could tell the princely lover 
 
 The tale which sells your life, — or buys your honour. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 I ;:ee it all: mock pardon — hurried nuptials — 
 \-:\.iC bounty! — all! — the serpent of that smile: 
 ( )! it stings home! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Yoj shall crush his malice: 
 
 Our plans are sure; Orleans i.i at our head; 
 
 We meet to-night; join us and with us tnumph.
 
 jO RICHELIEU. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 To-night! — O heaven! — my marriage night! — Revenge 
 But the king? but Julie? 
 
 Bar. 
 
 The king? infirm in health, in mind more feeble, 
 
 Is but the plaything of a minister's will. 
 
 Were Richelieu dead, his power were mine; and Louis 
 
 Soon should forget his passion and your crime. 
 
 But whither now ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 I know not; I scarce hear thee; 
 A little while for thought: anon I 'U join thee; 
 But now, all air seems tainted, and I loathe 
 The face of man! 
 
 \Exit De Mauprat l. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Start from the chase, my prey! 
 
 But as thou speed'st, the hell-hounds of revenge 
 
 Pant in thy track and drag thee down, 
 
 [Enter De Beringhen R. 
 
 De Ber. 
 Chevalier, 
 
 Your cook 's a miracle : what, my host gone ? 
 Faith, count, my office is a post of danger: 
 A fiery fellow, Mauprat! touch and go, — 
 Match and saltpeter, — pr-r-r-r! 
 
 Bar. 
 Vou 
 
 Will be released ere long. The king resolves 
 To call the bride to court this day. 
 
 De Ber. 
 Poor Mauprat! 
 
 Yet, since you love the lady, why so careless 
 Of the king's suit?
 
 RICHELIEU. 57 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Because the lady's virtuous, 
 
 And the king timid : ere he win the suit 
 
 lie '11 lose the crown; the bride will be a widow; 
 
 And 1 — the Richelieu of the Regent Orleans. 
 
 De Ber. 
 
 Is Louis still so chafed against the fox, 
 
 For snatching yon fair dainty from the lion ? 
 
 Bar. 
 
 So chafed that RicheHeu totters. Yes, the king. 
 Is half conspiring against the Cardinal. 
 Enough of this. I 've found the man we wanted ; 
 The man to head the hands that murder Richelieu ; 
 The man whose name 's the synonym for daring. 
 
 De Ber. [A/anned. 
 
 He must mean me! No, count, I am, I own, 
 A valiant dog — but still — 
 
 Bar. 
 Whom can I mean 
 
 But Mauprat ? Mark, to-night we meet at Marion's ; 
 There shall we sign: thence send this scroll 
 To Bouillon. \SJwwing a paper. 
 
 You 're in that secret — one of our new council. 
 
 De Ber. 
 
 But to admit the Spaniard, France's foe, 
 
 Into the heart of France — dethrone the king — 
 
 It looks like treason, and I smell the headsman. 
 
 Bar. 
 O, sir, too late to falter : when we meet 
 We must arrange the separate, coarser scheme. 
 For Richelieu's death. Of this dispatch De Mauprat 
 Must nothing learn. He only bites at vengeance, 
 And he would start from treason. We must post him 
 Without the door at Marion's — as a sentry ; 
 So, when his head is on the block, his tongue 
 Cannot betray our more august designs.
 
 j8 RICHELIEU. 
 
 De Bcr. 
 
 I '11 meet you, if the king can spare me. \Asidi\\ No ! 
 1 am too old a goose to play with foxes ; 
 I '11 roost at home. Meanwhile, in the next room 
 There 's a delicious pate ; let 's discuss it. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Pshaw ! a man filled with sublime ambition 
 Has no time to discuss your pates. 
 
 De Ber. 
 Pshaw. 
 
 And a man filled with a sublime pat6, 
 Has no time to discuss ambition. — Gad, 
 I have the best of it ! 
 
 [Exit De Beringhen r. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 All is made clear; Mauprat fnust murder Richelieu — 
 Die for that crime : I shall console his Julie. 
 This will reach Bouillon I — from the wrecks of France 
 I shall carve out — who knows — perchance a throne ! 
 All in despite of my lord Cardinal. 
 
 \Eiitcr De Mauprat L- 
 
 De Ma up. 
 
 Speak ! can it be ? — Methought that from the terrace 
 I saw the carriage of the king — and Julie ! 
 No ! No ! my frenzy peoples the void air 
 With its own phantom ! 
 
 Bar. 
 Nay, too true. — Alas! 
 
 Was ever lightning swifter, or more blasting. 
 Than Richelieu's forked guile ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 I '11 to the Louvre 
 
 Bar. 
 
 And lose all hope! The Louvre! — the sure gate 
 To the Bastile!
 
 RICHELIEU. 39 
 
 De Maup. 
 The king. 
 
 Bar. 
 Is but the wax, 
 
 Which Rirheheu stamps : break the mahgnant seal, 
 And I will raze the print. Come, man, take heart! 
 Her virtue well could brave a sterner trial 
 Than a few hours of cold, imperious courtship. 
 Were Richelieu dust — no danger! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Ghastly vengeance ! 
 
 To thee and thine august and solemn sister, 
 
 The unrelenting death, I dedicate 
 
 The blood of Armand Richelieu ! When dishonour 
 
 Reaches our hearths, law dies and murder takes 
 
 The angel shape of justice ! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Bravely said ! 
 
 At midnight, Marion's! — Nay, I cannot leave thee 
 
 To thoughts that 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Speak not to me ! — I am yours ! 
 But speak not! There 's a voice within my soul, 
 Whose cry could drown the thunder. O, if men 
 Will play dark sorcery with the heart of man. 
 Let them, who raise the spell, beware the fiend ! 
 
 [Exc'ie/it L. Scene changes, 
 
 r Paris. A Room in the Palace of Car- 
 /a^ -^- a.-...^*. ) DiNAL Richelieu. The same as in 
 I Act tiRST. Francois discovered 
 [_ AT table l. u. e. 
 
 \Enter Richelieu and Joseph. 
 Jos. 
 
 Yes ; — Huguet, taking his accustomed round, 
 Disguised as some plain burgher, heard these rufflers 
 Quoting your name — he listened: "• Pshaw," said one,
 
 40 KICHELIEU. 
 
 •' We arc to seize the Cardinal in his palace 
 
 To-morrow ! " — " How ? " the other asked ; — " Vou '11 
 
 hear 
 The whole design to-niglit : the Duke of Orleans 
 And Baradas have got the map of action 
 At their fmgers' end." " So be it," tpioth the other, 
 " I will be there, — Marion de Lorme's — at midnight: " 
 
 Rich. 
 I have tliem, man, I have them ! 
 
 Jos. 
 
 So they say 
 
 Of you, my lord: — believe me, that their plans 
 Are mightier than you deem : you must employ 
 Means no less vast to meet them ! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Bah ! in policy 
 
 AVe foil gigantic dangers, not by giants, 
 
 But dwarfs: the statues of our stately fortune 
 
 Are sculptured by the chisel — not the axe.'^ 
 
 Ah! were I younger — by the knighdy heart 
 
 That beats beneath these priestly robes, ''^ I would 
 
 Have pastime with these cut-throats ! Yea, as when, 
 
 Lured to the ambush of the expecting foe, 
 
 I clove my pathway through the plumed sea ! 
 
 Reach me yon falchion, Lran^ois — not that bauble 
 
 I'or carpet warriors — yonder — such a blade 
 
 As old Charles Martel might have wielded, when 
 
 He drove the Saracen from France. 
 
 [Fra>i(ois brings to Richelieu a long two-ha/ideil 
 sword. 
 With this 
 
 I, at Rochelle, did hand to hand engage 
 The stalwart Englisher: " no mongrels, boy. 
 Those island mastiffs. Mark the notch, a deep one. 
 His casque made here. I shore him to the waist!
 
 RICHELIEU, 41 
 
 A toy — a feather, then ! 
 
 [ Tries to ivield it, but sinks, overcome, into chair. 
 You see, a child could 
 Slay Richelieu now. 
 
 Fran. 
 
 But now, at your command 
 
 Are other weapons, good my lord. 
 
 Rich. \Lifting a pen. 
 
 True, this ! 
 
 Beneath the rule of men entirely great 
 The pen is mightier than the sword. Behold 
 The arch enchanter's wand : itself a nothing ; 
 But taking sorcery from the master hand — 
 To paralyze the Caesars, and to strike 
 The loud earth breathless ! Take away the sword — 
 States can be saved without it ! 
 
 ^Frangois takes the sword back to its place. Cbck 
 strikes. 
 * Tis the hour — 
 Retire, sir. 
 
 \Fxit Franfois L. A knock. Joseph opens secret 
 door. Enter Marion de Lorme, through secret 
 door. 
 
 Jos. \_A mazed, 
 
 IMarion de Lorme ! 
 
 Rich. 
 Hist! Joseph, 
 
 Keep guard. [Joseph doses door and retires c. 
 
 My faithful Marion ! 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Ciood, my lord. 
 
 They meet to night in my poor house : the Duke 
 
 Of Orleans heads them. 
 
 Rich. 
 Yes ; go on.
 
 42 RICHELIKU. 
 
 Marion. 
 His highness 
 
 Much questioned if I knew some brave, discreet, 
 And vigilant man, whose tongue could keep a secret, 
 And who had those twin ciualities for sc*i"vice. 
 The love of gold, the hate of Richelieu. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 You 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Made answer, "Yes; my brother; bold and trusty; 
 Whose f;^ith my faith could ])ledge:" the duke ther 
 
 bade me 
 Have him equipped and armed, well mounted, ready 
 This night to part for Italy. 
 
 Rich. 
 Ah! — 
 
 Has Bouillon too turned traitor? — So methought. 
 What part of Italy ? 
 
 Marion. 
 The Piedmont frontier, 
 Where Bouillon lies encamped. 
 
 Rich. [Aside 
 
 Now there is danger ! 
 
 Great danger ! If he tamper with the Spaniard, 
 And Louis list not to my council, as, 
 Without sure proof he will not, France is lost ! 
 What more ? [ To Manon 
 
 Marion. 
 
 Dark hints of some design to seize 
 Your person, in your palace : nothing clear : 
 His highness trembled while he spoke ; the words 
 Did choke each other. 
 
 Rich. 
 So ! Who is the brother 
 You recommended to the duke ?
 
 RICHELIEU. 43 
 
 Marion. 
 Whoever 
 Your eminence may father. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Darhng Marion ! '* 
 
 [ Goes io the table., and returns 7vith a purse. 
 Marion affects to refuse, but presently accepts the 
 purse. 
 There — pshaw — a trifle! What an eye you have! 
 And what a smile! — Ah, you fair perdition — 
 'T is well I 'm old ! 
 
 Marion. [Aside. 
 
 What a great man he is ! 
 
 Rich. 
 You are sure they meet ? — the hour? 
 
 Marion. 
 At midnight. 
 
 Rich. 
 And 
 
 You will engage to give the duke's dispatch, 
 To whom I send ? 
 
 Marion. 
 Ay, marry! 
 
 Rich. [Aside. 
 
 Huguet ? No : 
 
 He will be wanted elsewhere. Joseph ? — zealous, 
 But too well known — too much the elder brother. 
 Mauprat ? — alas ! it is his wedding day. 
 Francois ? — the man of men ! unnoted, young: 
 A mbitio us . [ Strihes bell. ] Francois ! 
 
 ■ ; [£nter Fraiii-ois l. i. e.
 
 44 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Follow this fair lady. 
 
 Find him the suiting garments, Marion : take 
 
 My lleetest steed : arm thyself to the teeth : 
 
 A packet will be given you, with orders, 
 
 No matter what! The instant that your hand 
 
 Closes upon it, clutch it, like your honour, 
 
 Which death alone can steal, or ravish ; set 
 
 Spurs to your steed — be breathless, till you stand 
 
 Again before me. Stay, sir, you will find me 
 
 1 wo short leagues hence, at Ruelle, in my castle. 
 
 Young man, be blithe! for — note me — from the hour 
 
 I grasp that packet, think your guardian star 
 
 Rains fortune on you ! 
 
 Fran. 
 
 If I fail 
 
 Rich. 
 Fail — 
 
 In the lexicon of youth, which fate reserves 
 For a bright manhood, there is no such word 
 hs, fail ! — You will instruct him further, Marion. 
 Follow her — but at distance: speak not to her. 
 Till you are housed: farewell, boy! never say "Tv///" 
 again. 
 
 Fran. 
 
 I will not! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 That's my young hero ! 
 
 [Exeunt Francois and Marion r. u. e. 
 So, they would seize my person in this palace ? 
 I cannot guess their scheme: — but my retinue 
 Is here too large : a single traitor could 
 
 [Strikes bell. Joseph enters c. 
 Strike impotent the faith of thousands. — Joseph, 
 Art sure of Huguet ? — Think; we hanged his father.
 
 RICHELIEU. 45 
 
 Joi, 
 
 But you have bought the son; heaped favours on him. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Trash! — favours past — that's nothing. In his hours 
 Of confidence with you, has he named the favours 
 To come he counts on ? 
 
 Jos. 
 Yes — a colonel's rank, 
 And letters of nobility. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 What, Huguet? 
 
 [Huguet enters c, but is unseen by the Cardinal 
 and Joseph. 
 
 Hug. 
 
 My own name : soft ! [Hides himself. 
 
 Rich. 
 My bashful Huguet : that can never be ! 
 \Nq have him not the less : we '11 promise it — 
 .\nd see the king withholds. Yes, 
 U'e '11 count on Huguet. 
 
 Hug. [Aside. 
 
 ' To ihy cost, deceiver. 
 
 [Huguet retires. 
 Rich. 
 
 You are right: this treason 
 
 Assumes a fearful aspect : but once crushed, 
 
 Its very ashes shall manure the soil 
 
 Of power, and ripen such full sheaves of greatness, 
 
 That all the summer of my fate shall seem 
 
 Fruidess, beside the autumn! 
 
 Jos. 
 The saints grant it! 
 
 [Huguet advances.
 
 4^ RICHELIEU. 
 
 Hug. 
 My lord Cardinal, 
 \ uur eminence bade me seek you at this hour. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Did 1 ? — True, Huguet. — So, you overheard 
 Strange talk amongst these gallants: snares and traps 
 For Richelieu ? — Well, we '11 balk them ; let me think; — 
 The men at arms you head — how many ? 
 
 Hug. 
 
 Twenty, '"^ my lord. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 All trusty ? 
 
 Hug 
 Yes, for ordinary 
 
 Occasions: if for great ones, I would change 
 Three-fourths at least. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Ay, what are great occasions ? 
 
 Hug 
 (ireat bribes. 
 
 Rich. \To Joseph 
 
 Good lack, he knows some paragons 
 Superior to great bribes ! 
 
 Hug. 
 
 True gentlemen, 
 
 Who have transgressed the laws, and value life. 
 
 And lack not gold ; your eminence alone 
 
 L'an grant them pardon : ergo, you can trust them ! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Logic. So be it — let this honest twenty 
 
 Be armed and mounted. 
 
 They do not strike till morning,
 
 RICHELIEU. 47 
 
 Yet I will shift the quarter : bid the grooms 
 
 Prepare the htter — I will hence to Ruelle 
 
 While daylight lasts : and one hour after midnight 
 
 You and your twenty saints shall seek me thither. 
 
 You 're made to rise! You are, sir; — eyes of lynx, 
 
 Ears of the stag, a footfall like the snow : 
 
 You are a valiant fellow; yea, a trusty. 
 
 Religious, exemplary, incorrupt, 
 
 And precious jewel of a fellow, Huguet ! 
 
 d' 1 live long enough, — ay, mark my words — 
 
 If I live long enough, you '11 be a colonel — 
 
 \^Hiigiiet bows very low. 
 Noble, perhaps! — One hour, sir, after midnight. 
 
 Hug. 
 
 You leave me dumb with gratitude, my lord : 
 I '11 pick the trustiest \asidc\ Marion's house can furnish. 
 
 \Exit Huguet o 
 Rich. 
 Good: all favours. 
 
 If Frangois be but bold, and Huguet honest. 
 Huguet I half suspect; he bowed too low; 
 'T is not his way. 
 
 Jos, 
 This is the curse, my lord 
 Of your high state; suspicion of all men. 
 
 Rich. \SadIy. 
 
 True; true; my leeches bribed to poison, pages 
 
 To strangle me in sleep; my very king 
 
 (This brain the unresting loom, from which was woven 
 
 The purple of his greatness) leagued against me: 
 
 Old, childless, friendless, broken, all forsake — 
 
 All — all — but — 
 
 Jos. 
 What ? 
 
 Rich. 
 
 The indomitable heart 
 Of Armand Richelieu !
 
 4^ RICHELIEU. 
 
 Jos. 
 And Joseph 
 
 Rich. \Afier a pause. 
 
 You — 
 
 Yes, I believe you — yes; for all men fear you, 
 And the world loves you not: and 1, friend Joseph, 
 I am the only man, who could, my Joseph, 
 Make you a bishop. '• \ Joseph boavs very low. 
 
 Come we '11 go to dinner, 
 And talk the while of methods to advance 
 
 [Joseph looks eager/y into the CardinaPs face, and 
 
 with disappoifitmeiit, l>o7C'S vcfy tow at " our 
 
 mother church.'^ 
 Our mother church.''' 
 Ah, Joseph — Bishop Joseph! \Exeunt m. i. e. 
 
 CURTAIN.
 
 SECOND day: midnight. 
 
 C RuELLE. Richelieu's Castle. A 
 
 ^cene JFtrstJ ^°'™'^ Chamber. Moonught shin- 
 j ing through the Window. Bed, on 
 (^ Dais c. 
 
 J^k/i. [Reading. 
 
 " In silence and at night the conscience feels 
 
 That life should soar to nobler ends than power." 
 
 So sayest thou, sage and sober moralist ! [/,/ soliloquy. 
 
 But wert thou tried ? 
 
 Ye safe and formal men. 
 
 Who write the deeds, and with unfeverish hand 
 
 Weigh in nice scales the motives of the great. 
 
 Ye cannot know what ye have never tried. 
 
 Alas, I am not happy: blanched and seared 
 
 Before my time; breathing an air of hate, 
 
 And seeing daggers in the eyes of men; 
 
 Bearding kings. 
 
 And braved by lackeys '^; murder at my bed; 
 
 And lone amidst the mutitudinous web, 
 
 With the dread three — that are the fates who hold 
 
 The woof and shears — the monk, the spy, the headsman: 
 
 And this is power! Alas ! I am not happy. 
 
 \ After a pause, during which he is convulsed with 
 pain. 
 Ah! here! that spasm, again! How life and death 
 Do wrestle for me momently ! 
 
 [ Turning again to his book. 
 Speak to me, moralist : I '11 heed thy counsel. 
 Were it not best — 
 
 [Enter Francois hastily l. 
 
 4
 
 5<5 klCHEI-IEU. 
 
 Philosophy, thou liest I [F/ini^iri^^ away the hook. 
 
 (^uick — the dispatc h 1 — I'owcr I — Kmpirc! Hoy — flie 
 packet ! 
 
 J'ran. 
 
 Kill mc, my lord ! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 They knew thee — they suspected — 
 
 They gave it not 
 
 Fran. 
 
 He gave it — Jii- — the Count 
 
 De Baradas — with his own hand ho gave it ! 
 
 Rich. 
 Baradas ! Joy ! out with it ! 
 
 I'ran. 
 
 Listen, 
 
 And then dismiss me to tlie headsman. 
 
 Rich. 
 Ha! 
 Go on. 
 
 Fraji. 
 
 They led me to a chamber : there 
 Orleans and Baradas, and some half-score 
 Whom I knew not, were met 
 
 Rich. 
 Not more ! 
 
 Fran. 
 But from 
 
 The adjoining chamber broke the din of voices, 
 The clattering tread of armed men : at times 
 A shriller cry, that yelled out, " Death to Riclielieu i' 
 
 Rich. 
 Speak not of me; thy country is in danger!
 
 kICHELlEU. 51 
 
 Fran. 
 Baradas 
 
 Questioned me close — demurred — until, at last, 
 O'er-ruled by Orleans, gave the packet — told me 
 That life and death were in the scroll : 
 And Orleans promised thousands, 
 When Bouillon's trumpets in the streets of Paris 
 Rang out shrill answer: hastening from the house, 
 My footstep in the stirrup, Marion stole 
 Across the threshold, whispering, " Lose no moment 
 Ere Richelieu have the packet: tell him, too, 
 Murder is in the winds of night, and Orleans 
 Swears, ere the dawn the Cardinal shall be clay." 
 She said, and trembling fled within : when lo ! 
 A hand of iron griped me ! Thro' the dark, 
 Gleamed the dim shadow of an armed man : 
 Ere I could draw, the prize was wrested from me, 
 And a hoarse voice gasped — "Spy, I spare thee, for 
 This steel is virgin to thy lord ! " — with that 
 He vanished. — Scared and trembling for thy safety, 
 I mounted, fled, and kneeling at thy feet. 
 Implore thee to acquit my faith; but not, 
 Like him, to spare my life. 
 
 Rich. 
 Who spake of Hfe? 
 
 I bade thee grasp that packet as thine honour — 
 A jewel worth whole hecatombs of lives ! 
 Begone! Redeem thine honour! Back to Marion — 
 Or Baradas — or Orleans: track the robber: 
 Regain the packet — or crawl on to age — 
 Age and gray hairs like mine — and know thou hast lost 
 That which had made thee great and saved thy country 
 See me not till thou hast bought the right to see me. 
 Away ! Nay, cheer thee ! thou hast not failed yet 
 There 's no such word as " fail ! " 
 
 Fmn. 
 Bless you, my lord, 
 
 For that one smile ! I '11 wear it on my heart 
 To light me back to triumph.'^ \Rxit Fra/i^ois. la.
 
 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 The poor youth ! 
 
 An elder had asked life. I love the young: 
 
 For as great men hve not in their own time 
 
 But in the age to come, so in the young my soul 
 
 Makes many Richelieus, He will win it yet. 
 
 Francois? He 's gone. My murder; Marion's warning; 
 
 This bravo's threat: O for the morrow's dawn! 
 
 I '11 set my spies to work — I '11 make all space, 
 
 As does the sun, an universal eye. 
 
 Huguet shall track — Joseph confess — ha! ha! 
 
 Strange, while I laughed I shuddered, and e'en now 
 
 Thro' the chill air the beating of my heart 
 
 Sounds like the death-watch by a sick man's pillow. 
 
 If Huguet could deceive me! [Lis/etis. Noise outsii/e. 
 
 Hoofs without — 
 
 The gates unclose — steps, near and nearer! 
 
 [Enter Julie de Mortemar l. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Cardinal! My father! Falls at his feet. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Julie! at this hour; and in tears. 
 What ails thee? 
 
 Julie. 
 I am safe with thee! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Safe! why in all the storms of this wild world 
 What wind would mar the violet ? 
 
 Julie. 
 That man — 
 
 Why did I love him? — clinging to a breast 
 That knows no shelter? 
 Listen : late at noon — 
 
 The marriage-day — ev'n then no more a lover, 
 He left me coldly. Well, I sought my chamber 
 To weep and wonder; but to hope and dream: 
 Sudden a mandate from the king, — to attend 
 Forthwith his pleasure at the Louvre.
 
 RICHELIEU. 53 
 
 Rich. 
 Ha! 
 
 You did obey the summons; and the king 
 Reproached your hasty nuptials. 
 
 Julie. 
 Were that all ! 
 
 He frowned and chid; proclaimed the bond unlawful; 
 Bade me not quit my chamber in the palace : 
 And there at night — alone — this night! all still, 
 He sought my presence — dared! — thou read'st the heart. 
 Read mine : I cannot speak it ! 
 
 Rich. 
 He, a king! 
 You — woman; well, you yielded! 
 
 Julie. 
 Cardinal ! 
 
 Dare you say " yielded ? " Humbled and abashed, 
 He from the chamber crept: this mighty Louis; 
 Crept like a baffled felon ! — yielded! Ah! 
 More royalty in woman's honest heart 
 Than dwells within the crowned majesty 
 And sceptered anger of a hundred kings! 
 Yielded! Heavens! — yielded! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 To my breast, — close — close! 
 
 The world would never need a Richelieu, if 
 
 Men — bearded, mailed men — the lords of earth — 
 
 Resisted flattery, falsehood, avarice, pride. 
 
 As this poor child, with the dove's innocent scorn. 
 
 Her sex's tempters, vanity and power! 
 
 He left you — well! 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Then came a sharper trial ! 
 At the king's suit, the Count de Baradas 
 Sought me, to soothe, to fawn, to flatter, while 
 On his smooth lip insult appeared more hateful
 
 54 RICHELIEU. 
 
 For the false mask of pity : letting fall 
 Dark hints of treachery, with a world of sighs 
 That heaven had granted to so base a lord 
 The he-irt whose coldest friendship were to him 
 What Mexico to misers! Stung at last 
 Uy my disdain, the dim and glimmering sense 
 Of his cloaked words broke into bolder light ; 
 And then — ah! then, my haughty spirit failed me; 
 Then I was weak — wept — O! such bitter tears! 
 For (turn thy face aside, and let me whisper 
 The horror to thine ear) then I did karn 
 That he — that Adrian — that my husband — knew 
 The king's polluting suit and deemed it honour ! 
 Then all the terrible and loathsome truth 
 Glared on me; coldness, waywardness, reserve, 
 Mystery of looks, words — all unravelled, and 
 I saw the impostor where I had loved the god. 
 
 Rich. 
 I think thou wrongest thy husband — but proceed. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Did you say " wronged " him ? Cardinal, my father, 
 Did you say " wronged ? " Prove it ! and life shall glow 
 One prayer for thy reward and his forgiveness. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Let me know all. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 To the despair he caused 
 
 The courtier left me ; but amid the chaos 
 
 Darted one guiding ray — to 'scape — to fly — 
 
 Reach Adrian, learn the worst: 't was then near midnight; 
 
 Trembling, I Ijft my chamber: sought the queen; 
 
 Fell at her feet ; revealed the unholy peril ; 
 
 Implored her aid to flee our joint disgrace: 
 
 Moved, she embraced and soothed me; nay, preserved. 
 
 Her words sufficed to unlock the palace gatei,
 
 RICHELIEU. 55 
 
 I hastened home — but home was desolate — 
 No Adrian there! Fearing the worst, I fled 
 To thee, directed hither. As my wheels 
 Paused at thy gates, the clang of arms behind 
 
 The ring of hoofs 
 
 Rich. 
 'T was but my guards, fair trembler. \Aside- 
 
 So Huguet keeps his word, my omens wronged him. 
 
 Jidic. 
 O, in one hour what years of anguish crowd ! 
 
 Rich. 
 May, there 's no danger now. Thou need'st rest. 
 Come, thou shalt lodge beside me. Tush ! be cheered ! 
 My rosiest Amazon, thou wrong'st thy Theseus. 
 All will be well yet ; yet all well. 
 
 [During this speech the moonlight fades away, and 
 
 the scene is darkened. 
 [Exeunt L. u. E. Enter Huguet l. i. ^.andDe 
 Mauprat, in complete armotir, his visor down. 
 
 Hug. 
 Not here! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 O, I will find him; fear not: hence and guard 
 The galleries where the menials sleep; plant sentries 
 At every outlet. Chance should throw no shadow 
 Between the vengeance and the victim! Go! 
 Ere yon brief vapour that obscures the moon, 
 As doth our deed pale conscience, pass away, 
 The mighty shall be ashes. 
 
 Hug. 
 Will you not 
 A second arm ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 To slay one weak old man ? 
 
 Away! No lesser wrongs than mine can make 
 
 Thi^ nvirdcr lawful. Hence!
 
 56 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Hug. . 
 A short farewell ! 
 
 [Exi/ Hiiguet L. r. E. Enter Richelieu^ L. u. e. nol 
 f'i'txeivmg De Mauprat. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 How heavy is the air ! the vestal lamp 
 Of the sad moon, weary with vigil, dies 
 In the still temple of the solemn heaven. 
 The very darkness lends itself to fear — 
 To treason 
 
 De Maiip. 
 And to death! 
 
 Rich. 
 Ha! 
 What art thou, wretch ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 Thy doomsman ! 
 
 Rich. 
 Ho, my guards! 
 Huguet ! Montbrassil ! Vermont ! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Ay, thy spirits 
 
 Forsake thee, wizard; thy bold men of mail 
 Are my confederates. Stir not! but one step, 
 And know the next — thy grave! 
 
 Rich. 
 Thou liest, knave! 
 
 I am old, infirm — most feeble — but thou hest! 
 Armand de Richelieu dies not by the hand 
 Of man: the stars have said it;'" and the voice 
 Of my own prophet and oracular soul 
 Confirms the shining sybils! Call them all — 
 Thy brother butchers: earth hath no such fiend- 
 No ! as one parricide of his father-land, 
 Who dares in Richelieu murder France !
 
 RICHELIEU. 57 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 I'hy stars 
 
 Deceive thee, Cardinal: thy soul of wiles 
 
 May against kings and armaments avail, 
 
 An 1 mock the embattled world; but powerless now 
 
 Against the sword of one resolved man. 
 
 Upon whose forehead thou hast written shame! 
 
 Listen : 
 
 In his hot youth, a soldier urged to crime 
 
 Against the State, placed in your hands his life; 
 
 You did not strike the blow — but o'er his head, 
 
 Upon the gossamer thread of your caprice. 
 
 Hovered the axe: your death 
 
 Had set him free : he purposed not nor prayed it. 
 
 One day you summoned — mocked him with smooth 
 
 pardon, 
 Showered wealth upon him, bade an angel's face 
 Turn earth to paradise. 
 
 Rich. 
 Well! 
 
 De Maup. 
 Was this mercy ? 
 
 A Caesar's generous vengeance ? — Cardinal, no! 
 Judas, not Caesar, was the model! You 
 Saved him from death, for shame. 
 Expect no mercy ! 
 Behold De Mauprat! 
 
 \Lifts his visor 
 
 Rich. 
 I'o thy knees, and crawl 
 For pardon ; or, I tell thee, thou shalt live 
 For such remorse, that, did I hate thee, I 
 Would bid thee strike, that I might be avenged! 
 It was to save my Julie from the king, 
 That in thy valour I forgave thy crime. 
 It was. when thou — the rash and ready tool, 
 Yea, of that shame thou loath'st, didst leave thy liearth
 
 (58 RICHELIEU. 
 
 To the i)olluter — In these arms thy bride 
 Found the i)rotecting shelter thine withheld. 
 Julie de Mau])rat — Julie! 
 
 \Enter Julie L. u. E. 
 Lo! my witness, sir! 
 
 De Maup. 
 What marvel's this? — I dream! My Julie — thou! 
 
 Julie. 
 Henceforth all bond 
 
 Between us twain is broken. Were it not 
 For this old man, I might, in truth, have lost 
 The right — now mine — to scorn thee. 
 
 Rich. 
 You hear her, sir. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Thou, with some slander, hast her sense infected! 
 
 Julie. 
 
 No, sir; he did excuse thee in despite 
 
 Of all that wears the face of truth. Thy friend — 
 
 Thy confidant — familiar — Baradas — 
 
 Himself revealed thy baseness. 
 
 De Maup. 
 Baseness ! 
 
 Rich. 
 Ay; 
 That thou didst court dishonour. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Baradas ! 
 
 Where is thy thunder, Heaven? Duped! snared! un- 
 done ! 
 
 Thou — thou couldst not believe him! Thou dost love 
 me'
 
 RICHELIEU 59 
 
 Julie. 
 Love him! Ah! 
 
 Ik' still, my heart! Love you I did: how fondly, 
 Woman — if women were my hsteners now — 
 Alone could tell! Forever tied my dream: 
 Farewell — all's over! 
 
 Rich. 
 Nay, my daughter, these 
 Are but the bhnding mists of day-break love 
 Sprung from its very heat, and heralding 
 A noon of happy summer. Take her hand 
 And speak the truth with which your heart runs over — 
 That this Count Judas, this incarnate falsehood, 
 Never lied more than when he told thy Julie 
 That Adrian loved her not — except, indeed. 
 When he told Adrian Julie could betray him. 
 
 Julie. [ Embracing De Ma iiprat, 
 Vou love me, then! you love me! and they wronged you J 
 
 De Maup. 
 Ah, couldst thou doubt ? 
 
 Rich. 
 Why, man, the very mole 
 
 Less blind than thou! Baradas loves thy wife: 
 Had hoped her hand; hopes even now 
 To make thy corse his footstool to thy bed. 
 Where was thy wit, man? Ho! these schemes are glass! 
 The very sun shines through them. 
 
 De Maup. 
 O, my lord, \Kneels. 
 
 (\in you forgive me ? 
 
 Rich. 
 Ay, and save you! 
 
 De Maup. 
 Save ! — 
 
 Terrible word! O, save thyself! these halls 
 Swarm with thy foes : already for thy blood 
 Pants thirsty murder!
 
 OO RICHELIEU. 
 
 Julie. 
 Miirdt-r! 
 
 Rich. 
 Hiisli ! put by 
 
 I'lic woman. Hush! a sliriek — aery — a breath 
 loo loud would startle from its horrent pause 
 riic swooping death! Go to the door and listen! 
 i\ow for escape! 
 
 \Julic i:^oes to door L. 
 De Ma up. 
 
 None — none' Their blades shall pass 
 This heart to thme. 
 
 Rich. \DnIy. 
 
 An honourable outwork, 
 But much too near the citadel. I think 
 That 1 can trust you now. 
 
 \SlowIy., and gazing on hivi intently 
 Yes : I will trust you. 
 How many of my troop league with you? 
 
 All' — 
 
 We are your troop ' 
 
 And Huguet? 
 
 Is our captain. 
 
 De Maiip. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Retributive Power! 
 
 This comes of spies. 
 
 All? The lion's skin too short to-night; 
 
 Now for the fox's. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 A hoarse gathering murmur! 
 Hurrying and heavy footsteps! 
 
 Rich. 
 Ha! the posterns!
 
 RICHELIEU 6l 
 
 De Maup. 
 No egress where no sentry! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 I have it! to my chamber — quick! Come, Julie! 
 Hush! Mauprat come! 
 
 Voices Outside. 
 Death to the Cardinal! 
 
 Rich. 
 We will 
 Baffle them yet. 
 
 \Exeimt De Mauprat, Julie, ami Richelieu c. 
 
 Hug. \^Speaking outside. 
 
 This way — this way! 
 
 [Euter, in eager haste, Huguet and the Conspira- 
 tors L. De Mauprat, appearing, throws back 
 curtains c. disclosing Richelieu upon his bed, and 
 apparently dead. 
 
 De Maup. 
 Live the king ! 
 Richelieu is dead! 
 
 Omnes. . 
 Dead! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 I watched him till he slept. 
 Heed me. No trace of blood reveals the deed: 
 Strangled in sleep: his health had long been broken: 
 Found breathless in his bed. So runs our tale; 
 Remember! Back to Paris: Orleans gives 
 Ten thousand crowns, and Baradas a lordship, 
 To him who first gluts vengeance with the news 
 That Richelieu is in heaven ! Quick, that all France 
 May share your joy! 
 
 ffug. 
 I shall be noble!
 
 6i RICHELIEU. 
 
 I?e Maiip. 
 Away. 
 
 Onirics. 
 To horse! to horse! 
 
 I Exeunt Conspirators L. As they t/iivny 
 Jnlie enters, and De Mauprat goei io RicLt 
 who leaps up and exclaims : 
 
 Rich. 
 Bloodhounds, 1 laugh at you! 
 
 QUICK CURTAIN. 

 
 511ct 5rourtl), 
 
 third day. 
 
 ( Paris. The Gardens of the Louvre. 
 ^ccne iFirfit. < Orleans, Baradas, De Beringhen, 
 ( Courtiers, etc., discovered. 
 
 Or/. 
 
 How does my brother bear the Cardinal's death ? 
 Bar. 
 
 With grief when thinking on the toils of State; 
 With joy when thinking on the eyes of Juhe. 
 At times he sighs, " Who now shall govern France ? " 
 Anon exclaims, " Who now shall baffle Louis ? " 
 
 \^Enter Louis XIII. and Courtiers r. u. e. 
 
 Orl. 
 
 Now, my liege, now I can embrace a brother. 
 Louis. 
 
 Dear Gaston, yes. I do believe you love me : 
 
 Richeheu denied it — severed us too long. 
 
 A great man, Gaston ! Who shall govern France ? 
 
 Bar. 
 Yourself, my liege. That swart and potent star 
 Eclipsed your royal orb. He served the country; 
 But did he serve, or seek to sway, the king ? 
 
 Louis. 
 
 You 're right — he was an able politician, 21 
 
 That's all. 
 
 He was most disloyal in that marriage. 
 
 {Querulously. \ He knew that Julie pleased me : — a clear 
 
 proof 
 He never loved me!
 
 64 RICHELIELT. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 O, most clear ! But now 
 
 No bar between the lady and your will. 
 
 This writ makes all secure : a week or two 
 
 \Show5 a paper. 
 In the Bastile will sober Mauprat's love, 
 And leave him eager to dissolve a Hymen 
 That brings him such a home. 
 
 Louis. 
 
 See to it, count. 
 
 \Exit Baradas R. i.e. 
 I '11 summon Julie back. A word with you. \To Orleans. 
 \King Louis takes aside Orleans, and passes, con- 
 versini^, through the gardens, followed by court- 
 iers L. u. E. Enter Francois. 
 
 Fran. 
 
 All search, as yet, in vain for Mauprat : not 
 
 At home since yesternoon : a soldier told me 
 
 He saw him pass this way with hasty strides: 
 
 Should he meet Baradas they 'd rend it from him : 
 
 Benignant fortune smile upon me: 
 
 I am thy son : if thou desert'st me now, 
 
 Come death and snatch me from disgrace. 
 
 [Enter De Mauprat c. 
 
 Dc Maup. 
 
 O, let me — 
 
 Let me but meet him foot to foot — I'll dig 
 The Judas from his heart ; albeit the king 
 Should o'er him cast the purple! 
 
 Fran. 
 
 Mauprat ! hold : 
 Where is the 
 
 De Maup. 
 Well ! What wouldst thou ?
 
 RICHELIEU. 65 
 
 Fran. 
 The dispatch ! 
 
 The packet. Look on me — I serve the Cardinal — 
 You know me. Did you not keep guard last night 
 By Marion's house ? 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 I did: — no matter now! 
 They told me he was here! 
 
 Fran. 
 
 joy! quick — quick — 
 
 The packet thou didst wrest from me? 
 
 De Maup. 
 The packet ? 
 
 What — art thou he I deemed the Cardinal's spy, 
 (Dupe that I was) and overhearing Marion — 
 
 Fran. 
 The same — restore it! haste! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 1 have it not : 
 
 Methought it but revealed our scheme to Richelieu. 
 
 [Enter Baradas r. i. e. 
 Stand back! 
 
 Now, villain! now I have thee! 
 
 Hence, sir! [To Francois. 
 
 Draw ! [ To Baradas. 
 
 Fran. 
 
 Art mad? the king's at hand! leave him to Richelieu. 
 Speak; the dispatch; to whom 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 [Dashing Frangois aside and rushing upon 
 Baradas. 
 Thou triple slanderer! 
 I '11 set my heel upon thy crest! 
 
 [Mauprat and Baradas fight.
 
 66 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Fly — fly ! The king! 
 
 [JS/iter Loi/is, Orleans, De Beringhen, courtiers mid 
 guards L. u. E. 
 
 Louis. 
 
 Swords drawn before our very palace! 
 Have our laws died with Richelieu? 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Pardon, sire, — 
 
 My crime but self-defence.'' [Aside to Louis.] It is 
 De Mauprat! 
 
 Louis. [ Sits on garden seat i .. 
 
 Dare he thus brave us ? 
 
 [Baradas goes to the guard and gives ivrit to the 
 Captain. 
 
 De Alaup. [ To Louis. 
 
 Sire, in the Cardinal's name 
 
 Bar. [To Captain. 
 
 JJeize him! disarm! to the Bastile! 
 
 [De Mauprat is arrested. TJw Cirdi/in/'s march 
 is heard. Ihen enter Riclwlieu and Joseph^ 
 folhnved by the Cardinal's guard c. 
 
 All. 
 The Cardinal! 
 
 De Maup. 
 
 [ To Riche ieu. 
 
 Priest and hero — for you are both — 
 Protect the truth. 
 
 [De Mauprat knals. 
 
 Rich. 
 What is this? 
 
 [ Takes zvrit. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 [In consternation. 
 
 The dead returned to life!
 
 RICHELIEU. 67 
 
 Louis. 
 
 What ! A 7nock death ! this tops 
 The infinite of insult. 
 
 De Ber. [Aside. 
 
 Fact in philosophy : foxes have got 
 Nine lives, as well as cats ! 
 
 Bar. 
 Be firm, my liege. 
 
 Louis. 
 1 have assumed the sceptre; I will wield it! 
 
 Jos. \Aside. 
 
 The tide runs counter; there '11 be shipwreck somewhere. 
 [Baradas and Orleans keep close to the king — 
 luhispering and pronipting hini^ luhile Idchelieu 
 speaks. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 High treason! Faviaux ! still that stale pretence. 
 My liege, bad men (ay, count, most knavish men !) 
 Abuse your royal goodness. For this soldier, 
 France hath none braver: and his youth's hot folly. 
 Misled — by whom your highness may conjecture! — 
 
 [ To Orleans. 
 Is long since cancelled by a loyal manhood. 
 I, sire, have pardoned him. 
 
 Louis. 
 And we do give 
 Your pardon to the winds. Sir, do your duty ! [ To officer. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 What, sire? You do not know — O, pardon me — 
 You know not yet, that this brave, honest heart. 
 Stood between mine and murder! Sire ! for my sake — 
 For your old servant's sake — undo this wrong. 
 See, let me rend the sentence. 
 
 [ Offers as if he loouhi tear the writ.
 
 68 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Louis. 
 At your peril ! 
 
 This is too much. — Again, sir, do }Our duty! [To officer. 
 
 \Di' iMauprat adva:.ces^ 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Speak not, but go : I would not see young valour 
 So humbled as grey service. 
 
 De Maup. » 
 
 Fare you well ! 
 Save Julie, and console her. 
 
 \Dl' Maup) at goes up with guard. Richelieu goa 
 R. to Joseph. The courtiers surround Louis, 
 ■who sits L. 
 
 Fran. \ A side to De Mauprat. 
 The dispatch ! 
 Your fate, foes, life, hang on a word! to whom? 
 
 De Maup. 
 To Huguet. 
 
 [Exeunt Mauprat and guard L. u. E. 
 
 Bar. [.Aside tj Francois. 
 
 Has he the packet ? 
 
 Fran. [Aside to Baradas. 
 
 He will not reveal — 
 
 [Aside.] Work, brain ! beat, heart ! " There 's no such 
 word as fail." 
 
 [Exit Fran fois R. u. E. 
 Rich. [Fiercely. 
 
 Room, my lords, room ! The minister of France 
 Can need no intercession with the king. 
 
 [ Courtiers fall hack. The king rises. 
 
 Louis. 
 What means this false report of death, lord Cardinal? 
 
 Rich. 
 Are you then angered, sire, that I ;,till live ?
 
 RICHELIEU. 69 
 
 Loiiis. 
 No ; but such artifice — 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Not mine : look elsewhere. 
 
 Louis — my castle swarmed with the assassins. 
 
 Bar, [Aara/icifi^ l. 
 
 Wc have punished them already. Huguet now 
 In the Bastile. O ! my lord, we were prompt 
 To avenge you — we were 
 
 Rk/t. 
 We ? Ha ! ha ! you hear, 
 
 My liege ! What page, man, in the last court grammar 
 Made you a plural ?23 Count, you have seized the hire- 
 ling : — 
 Sire, shall I name the master ? 
 
 Louis. 
 
 \_Haiightily , to the Cardinal. 
 Enough ! 
 
 Your eminence must excuse a longer audience. 
 To your own palace : for our conference, this 
 Nor place, nor season. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Good my liege, for Justice, 
 
 All place a temple, and all season, summer! 
 
 Do you deny me justice } Saints of heaven ! 
 
 He turns from me ! Do you deny me justice ? 
 
 My liege, my Louis, 
 
 Do you refuse me justice — audience even — 
 
 in the pale presence of the baffled Murder ?^' [A 1/ start 
 
 Louis. 
 Lord Cardinal, one by one you have severed from me 
 The bonds of human love; all near and dear 
 Marked out for vengeance, exile, or the scafifold. 
 Y ) 1 find me now amidst my trustiest friends, 
 My closest kindred ; you would tear them from tnc j
 
 70 RICHKI.IEU. 
 
 They murder you forsooth, since me they love. 
 Enough of plots antl treasons for one reign ! 
 Home I home ! my lord, and sleep aw ay these jjhantoms \ 
 
 [Louis and courtiers cross R. 
 
 Rich. 
 Sire' 
 
 I — patience, heaven! sweet heaven ! Sire, from the foot 
 Of that great throne, these hands have raised aloft 
 On an Olympus, looking down on mortals 
 And worshipped by their awe — before the foot 
 Of that high throne, spurn you the grey-haired man, 
 Who gave you empire, and now sues for safety ? 
 
 Louis. 
 
 No : — when we see your eminence in truth 
 At the foot of the throne, we '11 listen to you. 
 
 [Exit Louis /o/loT.i.'eti by all the Courtiers R. 
 
 Orl, [As he goes out. 
 
 Saved ! 
 
 Bar. [As he goes out. 
 
 For this, deep thanks to Julie antl lo Mauprat! 
 
 Jos. 
 If you had been less haughty 
 
 JZich. 
 No time for ifs and buts ! 
 I will accuse these traitors. 
 Fran(;ois shall witness that De Baradas 
 Gave him the secret missive for De Bouillon, 
 And told him life and death were in the scroll. 
 I will — I will! 
 
 Jos. 
 
 Tush ! Fran<;ois is your creature ; 
 
 So they will say, and laugh at you : your witness 
 
 Must be tliat same 'dispatch.
 
 RICHELIEU. 71 
 
 Rich. 
 Away to Marion ! 
 
 Jos. 
 
 I have been there : she is seized, removed, imprisoned, 
 By the count's orders. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Goddess of bright dreams, 
 My country, shalt thou lose me now, when most 
 Thou need'st thy worshipper? My native land! 
 Let me but ward this dagger from thy heart, 
 And die but on thy bosom ! 
 
 \_Enter Julie c. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Heaven, I thank thee ! 
 
 It cannot be, or this all-powerful 
 
 Would not stand idly thus. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 What dost thou here ? 
 Home ! 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Home ? Is Adrian there ? you 're dumb, yet strive 
 For words ; I see them trembling on your lip, 
 But choked by pity. It was truth — all truth ! 
 Seized — the Bastile — and in your presence, too ! 
 Cardinal, where is Adrian ? Think ! he saved 
 Your life : your name is infamy, if wrong 
 Should come to his ! 
 
 Rich. 
 Be soothed, child. 
 
 Julie. 
 Child no more ; 
 
 I love, and I am woman ! Hope and suffer : 
 Love, suffering, hope — what else doth make the strength 
 And majesty of woman ? Let thine eyes meet mine:
 
 7- RICHKLIET. 
 
 Answer me but one word: I am a wife: 
 I ask lliee lor my home, my late, my all — 
 Where is my husband ? 
 
 Rich. 
 You are Richelieu's ward ; 
 A soldier's britle : they who insist on tnith 
 Must outface fear: you ask me tor your husband? 
 There — where the clouds of heaven look darkest, o'er 
 The domes of the Bastile !'^'* 
 
 Julir. 
 O, mercy ! mercy ! 
 
 Save him, restore him, father I Art thou not 
 The Cardinal-king? the lord of life and death — 
 Beneath whose light, as deei)s beneath the moon, 
 The solemn tides of empire ebb and flow ? — 
 Art thou not Richelieu ? 
 
 Rich. 
 Yesterday I WaS I — 
 
 To-day a very weak old man : to-morrow, 
 1 know not what! \Crosses to l. 
 
 Julie. [ To Joseph. 
 
 Do you conceive his meaning ? 
 
 Alas ! I cannot. But, methinks my senses 
 
 Are duller than they were. 
 
 Jos. 
 The king is chafed 
 
 Against his servant. Lady, while we speak, 
 The lackey of the ante-room is not 
 More powerless than the minister of France. 
 
 \Joseph goes to Richelieu. Enter First Courtier R 
 
 First Cour. 
 Madame de Mauprat ! 
 Pardon, your eminence — even now I seek 
 This lady's home, commanded by the king 
 To pray her presence.
 
 RICHELIEU. 73 
 
 Julie. [ Clinging to Richelieu. 
 
 Think of my dead father ! 
 Think, how, an infant, clinging to your knees, 
 And looking to your eyes, the wrinkled care 
 Fled from your brow before the smile of childhood, 
 Fresh from the dews of heaven ! Think of this, 
 And take me to your breast. 
 
 Rich. [To Courtier. 
 
 To those who sent you ! 
 
 And say you found the virtue they would slay. 
 Here — couched upon this heart, as at an altar, 
 And sheltered by the wings of sacred Rome ! 
 Begone ! [ The Courtier uncovers and bows reverently. 
 
 First Cour. 
 
 My lord, I am your friend and servant. 
 Misjudge me not ; but never yet was Louis 
 So roused against you: shall I take this answer? — 
 It were to be your foe. 
 
 Rich. 
 All time my foe. 
 
 If I, a priest, could cast this holy sorrow- 
 Forth from her last asylum ! 
 
 [Exit First Courtier r. Julie faints in the Cardi- 
 naPs arms. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 God help thee, child ! She hears not ! Look upon her ! 
 Her father loved me so ! and in that age 
 When friends are brothers ; she has been to me 
 Soother, nurse, plaything, daughter. Are these tears ? '^ 
 O ! shame ! shame ! dotage ! 
 
 [Joseph assists to place Julie o:i seat L. 
 
 Jos. 
 Tears are not for eyes 
 
 That rather need the lightning, which can pierce 
 Through barred gates and triple walls, to smite 
 Crime, where it cowers in secret ! The dispatch '
 
 74 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Set every spy to work ; the morrow's sun 
 Must see that written treason in your hands, 
 Or rise upon your ruin. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Ay — and close upon my corse. 
 Yes ! to-morrow, triumph or death. 
 Look up, child! Lead us, Joseph. 
 
 \As they arc going c, enter Baradas and De Ber- 
 inghcn r. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 My lord, the king cannot believe your eminence 
 So far forgets your duty, and his greatness, 
 As to resist his mandate. Pray you, madam. 
 Obey the king: no cause for fear. 
 
 Julie. [ To Richelieu. 
 
 My father! 
 
 Rich. yio Baradas. 
 
 She shall not stir! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 You are not of her kindred — 
 An orphan 
 
 Rich. 
 The country is her mother! 
 
 Bar. 
 The country is the king! 
 
 Rich. 
 Ay, is it so; 
 
 Then wakes the power, which in the age of iron ' ' 
 Burst forth to curb the great, and raise the low. 
 Mark where she stands: \He places Julie l. c. 
 
 Around her form I draw 
 The awful circle ^^ of our solemn church! 
 
 [Baradas and De Beringhen unco'cer. 
 Set but a foot within that holy ground, 
 And on thy head — yea, though it wore a crown — 
 I launch the curse of Rome ! 
 
 [All but Richelieu and Joseph ktieel. Joseph dis- 
 plays the cross.
 
 RICHELIEU. 75 
 
 Bar. \Kiscs. 
 
 I dare not brave you! 
 I do but speak the orders of my king. 
 The church, your rank, power, very word, my lord, 
 Suffice you for resistance : blame yourself. 
 If it should cost you power! 
 
 Rich. 
 That my stake. Ah ! 
 
 Dark gamester! what is thine! Look to it well! 
 Lose not a trick. By this same hour to-morrow 
 Thou shalt have France, or I thy head! 
 
 Bar. [Aside to De Beringhcn. 
 He cannot have the dispatch ? 
 
 Jos. \ A side. 
 
 Patience! Patience! 
 
 Rich. 
 O ! monk ! 
 
 Leave patience to the saints — for I am human! 
 Did not thy father die for France, poor orphan ! 
 
 [ To Julie, embracing her. 
 And now they say thou hast no father. Fie! 
 Art thou not pure and good ? If so, thou art 
 A part of that — the beautiful, the sacred — 
 Which, in all climes, men that have hearts adore 
 By the great title of their mother country. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 He wanders ! 
 
 RicJi. 
 So; cling close unto my breast: 
 
 Here where thou droop 'st lies France! I am very feeble: 
 Of little use it seems to either now. 
 Well, well — we will go home. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 In sooth, my lord, 
 
 Y';u do need rest; the burdens of the state 
 
 O 'ertask your health.
 
 76 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Rich. [To Joseph. 
 
 I 'm patient, see ! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 His mind 
 
 And life are breaking fast. 
 
 Rich . [ Ch 'er hearing hint . 
 
 Irreverent ribald! 
 
 If so, beware the falling ruins! Hark! 
 I tell thee, scorner of these whitening hairs. 
 When this snow melteth there shall come a flood! 
 Avaunt! my name is Richelieu — I defy thee! 
 Walk blindfold on: behind thee stalks the headsman. 
 Ha! ha! — how pale he glares! Heaven save my country! 
 
 \Falls back in Joscpli's arms. 
 
 CURTAIN.
 
 %tt f iftf). 
 
 ( Paris. Apartment of State in the 
 §cene JFirfit. < Louvre. Throne r. Baradas and 
 ( Orleans discovered. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 All smiles : the Cardinal's swoon of yesterday 
 
 Heralds his death to-day : could he survive, 
 
 It would not be as minister — so great 
 
 rhe king's resentment at the priest's defiance. 
 
 All smiles! and yet should this accursed De Mauprat 
 
 Have given our packet to another — 'Sdeath ! 
 
 [ dare not think of it! 
 
 Or/. 
 
 Vou 've sent to search him ? 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Sent, sir, to search? — that hireling hands may find 
 
 Upon him, naked, with its broken seal, 
 
 That scroll whose every word is death? No — no — 
 
 These hands alone must clutch that awful secret. 
 
 I dare not leave the palace, night or day. 
 
 While Richelieu lives: his minions, creatures, spies — 
 
 Not one must reach the king. 
 
 Or/. 
 What hast thou done? 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Summoned De Mauprat hither. 
 
 Or/. 
 Could this Huguet, 
 
 Who jirayed thy presence with so fierce a fervour, 
 Ha\e thieved the scroll?
 
 /5 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Huguet was housed with us, 
 
 The very moment we dismissed the courier. 
 
 It cannot be: a stale trick for reprieve. 
 
 But, to make sure, I 've sent our trustiest friend 
 
 To see and sift him. Hist! here comes the king. 
 
 How fare you, sire? 
 
 [Enter Louis c. 
 Louis. 
 In the same mind I have 
 Decided : yes, he would forbid your presence, 
 My brother, — yours, my friend: then, Julie, too: 
 'I'h warts — braves — defies — 
 
 [Suddenly turuin^^ io Baradas. 
 We make you minister, 
 (iaston, for you — the baton of our armies. 
 You love me, do you not? 
 
 Orl. 
 
 O, love you, sire! 
 
 [Aside.\ Never so much as now. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 May I deserve 
 
 Your trust [^zi'/V/f] — until you sign your abdication. 
 
 My liege, but one way left to daunt De Mauprat, 
 
 And Julie to divorce. — We must prepare 
 
 The death-writ : what, tho' signed and sealed ? we can 
 
 Withhold the enforcement. 
 
 Louis. 
 Ah, you may prepare it: 
 Vv'e need not urge it to effect. 
 
 Bar. 
 Exactly ! 
 
 No haste, my liege. [Aside^ He may live one hour 
 longer. 
 
 [Enter Courtier c.
 
 kICHELIKU. 79 
 
 Com . 
 
 The Lady Julie, sire, implores an audience. 
 
 Louis. 
 
 Alia! repentant of her folly! — Well, 
 A I in it her. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Sire, she comes for Mauprat 's pardon. 
 And the conditions 
 
 Louis. 
 You are minister, 
 We leave to you our answer. 
 
 [ The Captain of the Guard enters L. and whispers 
 to Baradas, who has advanced to meet him. 
 
 Capt. 
 The Chevalier 
 De Mauprat waits below. 
 
 Bar. [Aside. 
 
 Now the dispatch! 
 
 [£xeh'/t Baradas and Captain L. E?iter Julie c 
 
 Julie. 
 
 My liege, you sent for me. I come where grief 
 Should come when guiltless, while the name of king 
 Is holy on the earth. Here, at the feet 
 Of power, I kneel for mercy. 
 
 Lotiis. 
 Mercy, Julie, 
 
 Is an affair of state. The Cardinal should 
 In this be your interpreter. 
 
 Julie. 
 Alas! 
 
 I know not if that mighty si)irit now 
 Stoops to the things of earth. Nay, while I speak, 
 Perchance he hears the orphan by the throne
 
 So kiCHKI.IEL'. 
 
 Where kings themselves need pardon. — O, my liege, 
 Be father to the fatherless : in you 
 Dwells my last hope. 
 
 [£/i/er Baradas v. 
 Bar. \Asuh. 
 
 He has not the dispatch; 
 
 Smiled while we searched, and braves me. 
 
 Louis. [Gently. 
 
 What wouldst thou ? 
 
 Julie. 
 
 A single life. You reign o'er millions; what 
 
 Is one man's life to you? and yet to me 
 
 'Tis France — 'tis earth — 'tis everything! — a life, 
 
 A human life — my husband's. 
 
 Louis. 
 [Aside to Baradas, who has quietly approached r. 
 Speak to her. 
 I am not marble: give her hope — or [Exit Louis c. 
 
 Bar. [ To Julie. 
 
 Madam, 
 
 Vex not your king, whose heart, too soft for justice, 
 Leaves to his ministers that solemn charge. 
 
 Julie. 
 You were his friend. 
 
 Bar. 
 I was, before I loved thee. 
 
 Julie. 
 Loved me! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Hush, JuUe! couldst thou misinterpret 
 
 My acts, thoughts, motives, nay, my very words, 
 
 Here — in this palace?
 
 RICHELIEU. 8l 
 
 Julie. 
 Now I know I 'm mad : 
 Even that memory failed me. 
 
 Bar. 
 1 am young, 
 
 Well-born and brave as Mauprat: — for thy sake 
 I peril what he has not — fortune — power; 
 All to great souls most dazzling. I alone 
 Can save thee from thy tyrant, now my puppet. 
 Be mine : annul the mockery of this marriage, 
 And, on the day I clasp thee to my breast, 
 De Mauprat shall be free. 
 
 Julie. 
 Thou durst not speak 
 Thus in his ear ! 
 
 \Pointing to Louis, who is seen, passi/ig, at back, 
 with Odeans. 
 Thou double traitor! — tremble ! 
 I will unmask thee. 
 
 Bar. 
 I will say thou ravest. 
 
 And, see this scroll: its letters shall be blood! 
 Go to the king, count with me word for word: 
 And while you pray the life — I write the sentence ! 
 
 [ Goes to tabk R. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 Stay, stay. \Rushing to the king, who enters c. 
 
 You have a kind and princely heart, 
 Tho' sometimes it is silent: you were born 
 To power — it has not flushed you into madness, 
 As it doth meaner men. Banish my husband — 
 Dissolve our marriage — cast me to that grave 
 Of human ties, where hearts congeal to ice. 
 In the dark convent's everlasting winter 
 (Surely eno' for justice, hate, revenge). 
 But spare this life, thus lonely, scathed, and bloomless; 
 And when thou stand'st for judgment on thine own, 
 The deed shall shine beside thee as an angel. 
 6
 
 82 
 
 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Louis. \Much affiited. 
 
 Go, go, to Baradas: and annul thy marriage. 
 
 And 
 
 Julie. 
 
 [A/ixic//s/r, and 7vatchin^ his counhiiaiue. 
 Be his bride? 
 
 Louis. 
 
 A form, a mere decorum; 
 Thou knovv'st I love thee. 
 
 Julie. 
 O, thou sea of shame, 
 And not one star. 
 
 [ The kin^^ goes up the stage, and passes out c. 
 /"// evident emotion. 
 
 Bar. [Adzumees 
 
 Well, thy election, Julie: 
 This hand — his grave! 
 
 Julie. 
 His grave! and 1 
 
 Bar. 
 Can save him. 
 Swear to be mine. 
 
 Julie. 
 
 That were a bitterer death ! 
 
 Avaunt, thou tempter! I did ask his life 
 
 A boon, and not the barter of dishonour. 
 
 The heart can break, and scorn you : wreak your malice ; 
 
 Adrian and I will leave you this sad earth. 
 
 And pass together hand in hand to heaven. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 You have decided. Listen to me, lady : 
 I am no base intriguer. I adored thee 
 From the first glance of those inspiring eyes : 
 With thee entwined ambition, hope, the future.
 
 RICHELIEU. 83 
 
 I will not lose thee ! I can place thee nearest — 
 Ay, to the throne — nay, on the throne, perchance : 
 My star is at its zenith. Look upon me; 
 Hast thou decided ? 
 
 Julie. 
 No, no ; you can see 
 How weak I am; be human, sir — one moment. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 \Signals by stamping. Enter De Mauprat., ivitk 
 guards l. 
 Behold thy husband : shall he pass to death, 
 And know thou couldst have saved him ? 
 
 Jtilie. 
 Adrian, speak! 
 
 But say you wish to live! — if not your wife 
 Your slave : do with me as you will ! 
 
 De Maup. 
 Once more ! — 
 
 Why this is mercy, count! O, think, my Julie, 
 Life, at the best, is short — but love immortal! 
 
 Bar. [ Taking Julie's hand. 
 
 Ah, loveliest 
 
 Julie. 
 
 (to ! that touch has made me iron ! 
 We have decided — death! 
 
 Bar. {To De Mauprat, 
 
 Now, say to whom 
 Thou gavest the packet, and thou yet shalt live. * 
 
 De Maup. 
 I '11 tell thee nothing. 
 
 Bar. 
 Hark, — the rack !
 
 34 RlCHELltU. 
 
 De Mmip. 
 Thy penance 
 Forever, wretch ! — What rack is hke the conscience ? 
 
 Bar. 
 Hence to the headsman ! 
 
 \^Enter a Page c. He ajinoutues : 
 
 Page. 
 
 His Eminence, the Cardinal, Due de Richelieu. 
 
 [Enter Richeiieu c, ver)' feeble, leaning on Joseph, 
 attended l>y gentlemen, pages, etc., and fol/oived by 
 three secretaries of state, with papers. 
 
 Julie. [Rushing to Richelieu. 
 You live — you live — and Adrian shall not die! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Not if an old man's prayers, himself near death. 
 Can aught avail thee, daughter! Count, you now 
 
 [ To Baradas. 
 Hold what I held on earth: — one boon, my lord, 
 This soldier's life. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 The stake — my head! — you said it. 
 
 I cannot lose one trick. Remove your prisoner. 
 
 [ To officer. 
 Julie. 
 No! — No! — 
 
 [Enter Louis and Courtiers c. 
 
 Rich. [ To officer. 
 
 Hold, sir. 
 
 [ To the king 
 My liege. 
 
 Your worn-out servant, willing to spare you 
 Some pain of conscience, would forestall your wishes: 
 I do resign my office. 
 
 All. 
 You!
 
 All 's over. 
 
 RICHELIEU. 85 
 
 Julie. 
 Rich. 
 
 My end draws near. These sad ones, sire, I love them ; 
 I do not ask his Hfe ; but suffer justice 
 To halt, until I can dismiss his soul, 
 Charged with an old man's blessing. 
 
 Surely ! 
 Sire 
 
 Louis. 
 Bar. 
 
 Louis. 
 Silence : small favour to a dying servant. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 You would consign your armies to the baton 
 
 Of your most honoured brother. Sire, so be it. 
 
 Your minister, the Count de Baradas; 
 
 A most sagacious choice ! Your secretaries 
 
 Of state attend me, sire, to render up 
 
 The ledgers of a realm. — I do beseech you. 
 
 Suffer these noble gentlemen to learn 
 
 The nature of the glorious task that waits them, 
 
 Here, in my presence. 
 
 Lx)ids. 
 You say well, my lord. 
 
 [ To secretaries, as he seats himself on throne. 
 Approach, sirs. 
 
 [ The secretaries advance and kneel 
 
 Rich. 
 
 I — I — faint ! — air — air — 
 
 ( De Mauprat assists Richelieu to a sofa l. 
 I thank you: draw near, my children.
 
 86 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 He's too weak to cjuestion; 
 
 Nay, scarce to speak; all's safe. 
 
 \JuHe kneels beside the Cardinal. Joseph stands 
 near Richelieu^ ^catching the king. Baradas 
 near the h'n^i^'s chair. A page takes papers from 
 the secretaries and gives them to Louis. 
 
 First Sec. 
 The affairs of Portugal, 
 
 Most urgent, sire: — One short month since the Due 
 Braganza was a rebel. 
 
 Louis. 
 And is still. 
 
 First Sec. 
 
 No, sire; he has succeeded; he is now 
 
 Crowned king of Portugal; craves instant succour 
 
 Against the arms of Spain. 
 
 Louis. 
 [Louis looks carelessly at papers and gives them to 
 Baradas. 
 We will not grant it 
 Against his lawful king. Eh, count ? 
 
 Bar. 
 
 No, sire. 
 
 First Sec. 
 
 But Spain 's your deadliest foe : whatever 
 Can weaken Spain must strengthen France. The Car- 
 dinal 
 Would send the succours; — balance, sire, of Europe ! 
 
 Louis. 
 The Cardinal ! balance ! We 'U consider. Eh, count ? 
 
 Bar. 
 Yes, sire : [ To Secretary] fall back.
 
 But- 
 
 O ! fall back, sir. 
 
 Humph ! 
 
 RICHELIEU. 87 
 
 First Sec. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 \Secretary rises, and retires. 
 
 Jos. 
 Second Sec. 
 
 The affairs of England, sire, most urgent : Charles 
 
 The First has lost a battle that decides 
 
 One-half his realm; craves moneys, sire, and succour. 
 
 Lotiis. 
 He shall have both. — Eh, Baradas ? 
 
 Bar. 
 Yes, sire. 
 
 that dispatch ! — my veins are fire ! 
 
 mch. 
 
 [Feebly, but with great distinctness. 
 My liege. 
 
 Forgive me ; Charles's cause is lost : a man, 
 Named Cromwell, risen : a great man ! your succour 
 Would fail ; your loans be squandered ! Pause : reflect. 
 
 Louis. 
 Reflect. Eh, Baradas ? 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Reflect, sire. 
 
 Jos. 
 Humph ! 
 
 Louis. [Aside. 
 
 1 half repent ! No successor to Richelieu. 
 Round me thrones totter; dynasties dissolve: 
 The soil he guards alone escapes the earthquake.
 
 88 RICHELIEU. 
 
 Jos. 
 
 Our star not yet eclipsed: you mark the king ? 
 O had we the dispatch ! 
 
 Rich. 
 Ah ! Joseph ! — child — 
 Would 1 could help thee ! 
 
 Bar. [ To Secretary. 
 
 Sir, fall back. 
 
 But 
 
 Pshaw, sir! 
 
 Second Sec. 
 Bar. 
 
 Third Sec. 
 
 [Secretary retires 
 
 The secret correspondence, sire, most urgent: 
 Accounts of spies; deserters; heretics; 
 Poisoners; schemes against yourself. 
 
 Louis. 
 Myself! most urgent! 
 
 [Louis looks at this document eagerly. Enter Fran- 
 (ois c. He passes behind the Cardinal's attend- 
 ants, and, sheltered by them from the sight oj 
 Baradas, gives packet to Richelieu. 
 
 Fran. 
 
 My lord ! 
 
 I have not failed I 
 
 Rich. 
 Hush ! 
 
 [Opens packet and looks at its contents. 
 
 Third Sec. [To thi king. 
 
 Sire, the Spaniards 
 
 Hav? reinforced their army on the frontiers. 
 The Due de Bouillon •
 
 RICHELIEU. 89 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Hold! \Secreta}y retires^ In this department, \To Louis^ 
 A paper: here, sire, read yourself; then take 
 The count's advice in 't. 
 
 \^Fran(ois takes packet and gives it to the king, 
 who rises and goes L. At same time enter De 
 Beringhen hastily, draws aside Baradas, and 
 whispers to him. 
 
 Bar. 
 
 [Starting wildly away fro fn De Beringhen. 
 What ! and reft it from thee ? 
 Ha! — hold! 
 
 \Tries to intercept delivery of the packet. 
 
 Jos. [ To Baradas. 
 
 Fall back, son. It is your turn now ! 
 
 Bar. 
 
 Death ! — the dispatch ! 
 
 Louis. '[Reading. 
 
 To Bouillon — and signed Orleans! 
 Baradas, too: league with our foes of Spain! 
 Capture the king! — Saints of heaven ! 
 These are the men I loved ! 
 
 [Richelieu falls back, apparently fainting. 
 
 Jos. 
 See to the Cardinal ! 
 
 Bar. 
 He 's dying ! and I yet shall dupe the king. 
 
 Louis. [Rushing to Richelieu. 
 
 Richelieu ! Lord Cardinal ! 't is I resign ! 
 Reign thou ! 
 
 Jos. 
 Alas ! too late ! — he faints !
 
 90 KICHEIJEU. 
 
 Louis. 
 Reign, Richelieu! 
 
 Rich. {Feebly. 
 
 Witli absolute power? 
 
 Louis. 
 Most absolute! — O, live ! 
 If not for me — for France ! 
 
 Rich. [ With more auiimxliou 
 France ! 
 
 Louis. 
 O ! this treason ! 
 The army — Orleans — Bouillon — Heaven! the Span- 
 
 jard ! 
 Where will they be next week ? 
 
 \^As Louis turns tmoant the throne c. he euiounters 
 Baradas, kneeling \ he motions him away and 
 falls into his seat. Baradas rises and goes to R. 
 
 Rich. 
 
 [Starting up, and with force. 
 There, — at my feet! 
 
 \All show amazement at Richelieu'' s recovery. 
 [ To First ami Second Secretaries. 
 Ere the clock strike — the envoys have their answer ! 
 
 \First and Second Secretaries exeunt. 
 [ To Third Secretary, with a ring. 
 This to De Chavigny : he knows the rest : 
 No need of jjarchment here : he must not halt 
 For sleep — for food. — In my name, — mine — he will 
 Arrest the Due de Bouillon at the head 
 Of his army ! — Ho ! there, Count de Baradas, 
 
 \Exit Third Secretary. 
 Thou hast lost the stake ! — Away with him ! ^9 
 
 \Baradas draws sword ; attempts to rush out ; is 
 
 arrested J- throws doivn sword ; hows to the 
 
 king; and goes out guarded. 
 
 Embrace your husband ! [ To Julie. 
 
 [De Mauprat and Julie embrace. 
 
 At last the old man blesses you !
 
 RICHELIEU. qi 
 
 Louis. \Ironically. 
 
 One moment makes a startling cure, lord Cardinal. ^ ' 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Yes, Sire, for in that moment there did pass 
 
 Into this withered frame the might of France ! 
 
 My own dear France ! I have thee yet: I have saved 
 
 thee ! 
 I clasp thee still ! it was thy voice that called me 
 Back from the tomb ! What mistress like our country ? 
 
 Louis. 
 
 For Mauprat's pardon — well! But Julie, — Richelieu : 
 Leave me one thing to love ! 
 
 Rich. 
 A subject's luxury : 
 Yet, if you must love something, sire — love me! 
 
 Louis. 
 
 [Smiling, in spite of himself. 
 Fair proxy for a young, fresh demoiselle ! 
 
 Rich. 
 
 Your heart speaks for my clients : — kneel, my children, 
 And thank your king — 
 
 \De Mauprat and Julie kneel. De Beriu'^hen 
 attempts to go out c, but is met by Joseph .^ ivho 
 p7'events hitn. 
 
 Louis. 
 Rise — rise — be happy. 
 
 \De Beringhen advatices and speaks. 
 
 De Ber. [Falteringly . 
 
 My lord — you are most happily recovered.
 
 g2 RICHELIEU. 
 
 But you are pale, dear Beringhen : this air 
 
 Suits not your delicate frame: I long have thought so: 
 
 Sleep not another night in Paris: go, — 
 
 Or else your precious life may be in danger. 
 
 Leave France, dear Beringhen. [Or/eaus kneels to Louis. 
 
 De Ber. 
 St. Denis travelled without his head! 
 Faith, Fm luckier than St. Denis ! 
 I shall have time, 
 More than I asked for, to discuss the pate. 
 
 \Exit De Beringhen c. 
 
 Rich. [To Orleans. 
 
 For you, repentance, absence and confession. 
 
 [ Orleans goes out c. To Francois, who kneels L. 
 Never say fail again. Brave boy ! 
 
 [ To Joseph L. 
 He'll be — 
 A bishop first. 
 
 Jos. 
 Ah, Cardinal — 
 
 Rich. 
 Ah, Joseph. 
 
 \To Louis ^ as De Mauprat and Julie converse 
 apart. 
 See, my liege, through plots and counterjjlots. 
 Through gain and loss, through glory and disgrace, 
 Along the plains where passionate discord rears 
 Eternal Babel, still the holy stream 
 Of human happ'.ness glides on. 
 
 Dmis. 
 And must we 
 Thank, for that also, our prime minister ? 
 
 Rich. 
 No — let us own it: — there is One above 
 Sways the harmonious mystery of the world 
 Better than prime ministers. 
 
 CURTAIN.
 
 RICHELIEU. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 I.— The Drama and Character of Richelieu. 
 << y^V ICHELIEU " stands in the front rank of romantic dramas. It 
 r^ tells a story of perspicuous simplicity, yet of enthralling 
 interest. It presents clearly defined characters in natural 
 relations to each other. It is vitalized by a steady dramatic movement, 
 that increases in force and sj>eed till it reaches an electrical climax and 
 a beautiful culmination. It is adequately freighted — without being 
 burdened — with situations that e.xcite the imagination and touch the 
 heart. Its spirit is sympathetic with virtue and gentleness, and, there- 
 fore, it captivates the general instincts of human nature. Above all, it 
 is imaginative : it idealizes reality, and does not weary by presenting 
 character and experience in the garb of prosy fact. Viewed as an ideal 
 fabric, it is a drama without serious defect. Its salient blemish is one 
 of literary art: that is to say, there is some tinsel in its language — an 
 infusion of the paste-diamond element that is peculiar to most of Bulwer's 
 works. But, little faults dwindle to nothing alongside of great merits. 
 " Richelieu " is a play that constantly affords pleasure, by procuring and 
 extolling — under deeply interesting and highly picturesque conditions 
 of circumstance — the victory of good over evil. To have written a 
 drama which thus makes its spectators happier and better for their seeing 
 of it, is to have deserved the gratitude of the world. Considerate 
 judgment will not dwell with censure upon the slight defect of an occa- 
 sional tawdry line in a drama so radically powerful and brilliant. 
 
 The character of Richelieu, as it is herein portrayed, is higher and 
 finer — as it ought to be — than that of the historic Cardinal. Richelieu 
 was not, in actual life, the noble spirit that he is in this rosy fiction. 
 The dramatist has depicted him as just, wise, kind, gentle, tolerant of 
 weakness, sympathetic with virtue and innocence, superior to trials, 
 steadfast in danger, sensitive to every sweet and poetic influence, and
 
 94 APPENDIX. 
 
 only hostile and bitter when confronted with tyranny and wrong. The 
 lower side of his nature, to be sure, is craft : but it is the craft of a 
 philosopher and not of a trickster. When Richelieu uses indirection, it 
 is such indirection as a deep knowledge of human nature and of worldly 
 affairs has taught him to be essential in the conduct of life and the 
 government of mankind. He never resorts to the skin of the (ox. till the 
 skin of the lion has proved too short. In this drama he is shown in the 
 expenditure of great powers upon small affairs — in the protection of a 
 pair of young lovers, and in the defeat of a political intrigue: but these 
 affairs are representative of what, in fact, were the prominent occupa- 
 tions of his life, and of what, equally in fact, are the universal occupa- 
 tions of the human race. Love, fame, wealth, power — these are at once 
 (he sources and the objects of all human action; and these are the 
 elements upon which the force of Richelieu is seen to be expended. He 
 is presented as a man of potent intellect and pure sensibility ; and, 
 notwithstanding his little vanities and the pettiness of the designs ainid 
 which he moves, his nature never declines from a stately and imperial 
 individualism. The charm of the character grows out of this relation of 
 it to its circumstances. Richelieu is the embodiment of virtuous power, 
 shown in its grandest phase and function as the protector of innocent 
 weakness. Seeing this aged priest, as he rises in the eye of the imagina- 
 tion, the observer instinctively feels, without pausing to reflect upon it, 
 that this is a grand and noble old man, in whom the affections live an 
 immortal life, who will be as true as steel to all that is good and pure, 
 who wears with authentic right the royal garb of power, and who must 
 as inevitably conquer and dominate as the sun must rise. W. W. 
 
 II. — Facts in the Life of Richelieu. 
 
 Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal, and Ducde Richelieu, was born, in 
 Paris, in 1585. He was a member of a noble family, and in early youth 
 was destined for the Army; but, upon his brother's resignation of the 
 See of Lufon, he embraced an opportunity, then presented, to dedicate 
 himself to the service of the Church. Having studied theology, at the 
 college of Navarre, he was, in 1607, consecrated Bishop of Lugon. His 
 earlier priestly endeavours were devoted to the conversion of the 
 Huguenot Calvinists. In 1614 he was chosen Deputy to the State- 
 General. His eloquence attracted notice, and he was presently named 
 almoner to Marie de Medicis, widow of Henri IV. and mother to Louis 
 XIII. A little later he became Secretary of State for foreign affairs 
 and for war. He had enjoyed, for a time, at this period in his career,
 
 APPENDIX. 95 
 
 the protection of Marshal d'Ancre, the favourite of the queen ; but, in 
 the commotion which attended the ruin and murder of that minister, — 
 who was assassinated in the Louvre, April 24th, 1617, — the star of 
 his fortunes suffered a temporary eclipse. He was banished to 
 Lugon, and afterwards to Avignon, where he devoted his talents to 
 the writing of theological treatises. But he was presently fortunate 
 enough to effect a formal reconciliation between Louis Xlll. and the 
 queen ; and in 1622, at the age of 37, he was created Cardinal. Two 
 years later he became Prim^ Minister of France. His government was 
 characterized by great power and splendour, and by marvellous success. 
 He waged a deadly war against the Huguenots, and utterly subdued 
 them. His siege and capture of Rochelle, in 1628, was an incident of 
 this war. In 1635 he founded the French Academy. The chief work 
 of his life was the maintenance of French supremacy in the affairs of 
 continental Europe, by resistance to the encroachments of the [Austrian] 
 House of Hapsburg. He built the Palais Cardinal, now called the 
 Palais Royal, — which is, in part, the scene of Bulwer's drama, — and he 
 rebuilt and beautified the College of Sorbonne. Several conspiracies 
 were formed against the Cardinal ; but his force of character, his 
 sagacity, and his tremendous energy of purpose and action thwarted 
 and subdued them all. The day on which Richelieu discomfited one of 
 the most formidable of these plots — in which the king was a participant 
 — was called the Day of Dupes; from the fact that all the persons 
 concerned in it were duped by the sagacious and expeditious Cardinal. 
 Richelieu died on the 4th of December, 1642. He had named Cardinal 
 Mazarin as his successor. The studant is referred to three lives of this 
 famous statesman: by Aubrey, 1660; by John Le Clerc, 1718; and by 
 Joy, 1806. W. W. 
 
 III. — The Author's Preface to Richelieu. 
 
 The administration of Cardinal Richelieu — whom, despite all his 
 darker qualities, Voltaire and history justly consider the true architect of 
 the French monarchy, and the great parent of French civilization — is 
 characterized by features alike tragic and comic. A weak king, an 
 ambitious favourite ; a despicable conspiracy against the Minister, nearly 
 always associated with a dangerous treason against the State; — these, 
 with little variety of names and dates, constitute the eventful cycle 
 tiirough which, with a dazzling ease and an arrognnt confidence, the 
 great luminary fulfilled its destinies. Blent together, in startling 
 contrast, we see the grandest achievements an J tha pettiest agents — the
 
 g6 APPENDIX. 
 
 spy — the mistress — the capuchin : — the destruction of feudalism — the 
 humiliation of Austria — the dismemberment of Spain. 
 
 Richelieu himself is still what he was in his own day — a man of two 
 characters. If, on the one hand, he is justly represented as inflexible 
 and vindictive, crafty and unscrupulous; so, on the other, it cannot 
 be denied that he was placed in times in which the long impunity 
 of every license required stern examples ; that he was beset by perils 
 and intrigues which gave a certain excuse to the subtlest inventions of 
 self-defense ; that his ambition was inseparably connected with a 
 passionate love for the glory of his country ; and that, if he was her 
 dictator, he was not less her benefactor. It has been fairly remarked, by 
 the most impartial historians, that he was no less generous to merit 
 than severe to crime ; that, in the various departments of the State, the 
 Army, and the Church, he selected and distinguished the ablest aspir- 
 ants ; that the wars which he conducted were, for the most part, 
 essential to the preservation of France, and Eiu-ope itself, from the 
 formidable encroachments of the Austrian House ; that, in spite of 
 those wars, the j)eople were not oppressed with exorbitant imposts ; and 
 that he left the kingdom he had governed in a more flourishing and 
 vigorous state than at any former period of the French history, or at the 
 decease of Louis XIV. 
 
 The cabals formed against this great statesman were not carried on 
 by the patriotism of public virtue nor the emulation of equal talent : 
 they were but court stniggles, in which the most worthless agents had 
 recourse to the most desperate means. In each, as I have before 
 observed, we see combined the twofold attempt to murder the minister 
 and to betray the country. Such, then, are the agents, and such the 
 designs with which truth, in the drama as in history, requires us to 
 contrast the celebrated Cardinal ; not disguising his foibles or his vices, 
 but not unjust to the grander qualities — especially the love of country 
 — by which they were often dignified, and, at times, redeemed. 
 
 The historical drama is the concentration of historical events. In the 
 attempt to place upon the stage the picture of an era, that license with 
 dates and details which poetry permits, and which the highest authori- 
 ties in the drama of France herself have sanctioned, has been, though 
 not unsparingly, indulged. The conspiracy of the Due de Bouillon is, 
 for instance, amalgamated with the denouemeiit of the Day of Dupes ; and 
 circumstances connected with the treason of Cinq-Mars — whose brilliant 
 youth and gloomy catastrophe tend to subvert poetic and historic justice, 
 by seducing us to forget his base ingratitude and his perfidious apostacy — 
 are identified with tlie fate of the earlier favourite, Baradas, whos9
 
 APPEimtx. 97 
 
 sudden rise and as sudden fall passed into a prov^ rb. I uught to add 
 that the noble romance of " Cinq-Mars " suggested one of the scenes in 
 the fifth act ; and that for the conception of some portion of the intrigue 
 connected with De Mauprat and Julie, I am, with great alterations of 
 incident, and considerable if not entire reconstruction of character, 
 indebted to an early and admirable novel by the author of " Picciola." 
 London, March, i8jg. E. L. B. 
 
 IV. — Historical Hints for Richelieu. 
 
 The Count de Soissons and the Duke de Bouillon had a good army, 
 and they knew how to use it ; and, for the greater certainty, resolved that, 
 whilst this army should advance, they would assassinate the Cardinal, 
 and stir up Paris to revolt. * * * The conspirators made a treaty 
 with Spain to introduce her troops into France, and to throw everything 
 into confusion by a Regency, which they thought would follow, and by 
 which each one hoped to profit. * ^^ * Richelieu had lost all his 
 favour, and retained only the advantage of being necessary. His good 
 fortune ordained, at the last, that the plot should be discovered, and 
 that a copy of the treaty should fall into his hands. — Voltaire. 
 
 V. — Notes to Richelieu. 
 
 1 Epistemon speaks of Cleopatra as a crier of onions in the other world. 
 " Her kingdom produced exceeding good ones, in the opinion of the 
 Israelites. Besides, of the two pearls of inestimable price whicli 
 that queen owned, she, having caused her lover Antony to swallow 
 one, dissolved in vinegar, intended to regale him with the second, if 
 she had not been hindered. Perhaps it was by way of punishment for 
 this prodigality that she is reduced to sell onions — that is, such fruit as 
 the Latins call unions, a sort of onions — as well as pearls." — Rabelais. 
 
 2 Daphne was loved and pursued by .Apollo : when on the point of 
 being overtaken by him she prayed for aid, and was instantly metamor 
 phosed into a laurel tree. 
 
 3 Olivares, Minister of Spain. 
 
 4 In six months the King made Baradas "First Esquire," "First 
 Gentleman of the Chamber," "Captain of St. Germain," and "Lieut, 
 nf the King in Champagne." In still less time he was turned out of all, 
 and the ruins of his grandeur left him hardly enough to pay his debts. 
 His sudden rise and as sudden fall passed into a proverb, so that we say, 
 to signify a great fortune dissipated as soon as acquired, in common 
 p.irl.-rnce — " The fortune of Baradas." — Anquetil. 
 
 7
 
 qS appendix. 
 
 s Richelieu did, in fact, so thoroughly associate himself with the State, 
 that, in cases where the extreme penalty of the law had been incurred, 
 Lc Clerc justly observes, he was more inexorable to those he had 
 favoured — even to his own connections — than to other and more indif- 
 ferent offenders. As in Venice (where the favourite aphorism was, 
 "Venice first, Christianity next") so with Richelieu; the primary con- 
 sideration was, " what will be best for the country ? "' On his death-bed 
 he was asked if he forgave his enemies. He replied, " I never had any 
 but those of the State." And this was true enough, for Richehcu and 
 the State were one. 
 
 * There arc many anecdotes of the irony, often so terrible, in which 
 Richelieu indulged. But he had a love for humour in its more hearty 
 and genial shape. He would send for Hoisrobcrt " to make him laugh," 
 and grave ministers and magnates waited in the ante-room while the 
 great Cardinal listened and responded to the sallies of the lively wit. 
 
 7 The A\>b6 Arnaud tells us that the (luecn was a little avenged on the 
 Cardinal by the ill-success of the tragic comedy of " Mirame"— more than 
 susi^ected to be his own, though presented to the world under the foster 
 name of Desmarets. Its representation (says Pelisson), cost him 300,000 
 crowns. He was so transported out of himself by the performance that 
 at one time he thrust his person half out of his box to show himself to 
 the assembly ; at another time he imposed silence on the audience that 
 they might not lose the still more beautiful passages. He said after- 
 wards to Desmarets: "After all, the French will never have any taste — 
 they were not pleased with Mirame ! " 
 
 8 Vialart remarque une chose qui peut exi)liquer la condiiite de 
 Richelieu en d'autres circonstances : c'est que les seigneurs a cjui 
 Icur naissance ou leur m^rite pouvoit permettre des pretensions, 11 avoil 
 pour systfeme, de leur accorder au de la meme de leurs droits ct de 
 Icur esperances, mais, aussi une fois comblds — si, au lieu de reconnoitre 
 ses services ils se levoient contre lui, il les traitot misericorde. — Anque- 
 TiL. See also the "Political Testament," and the " Memoires de 
 Cardinal Richelieu," in Petitot's collection. 
 
 9 "So much a famitic, so muck a knave, founder of the ' Religieuses ' of 
 Calvary, a maker of verses." Thus speaks Voltaire of Father Joseph. 
 His talents and influence with Richelieu, grossly exaggerated in his own 
 day, are now rightly estimated. He w-as, in fact, an indefatigable man ; 
 carrying with his enterprizes the activity, the suppleness, the stubborn- 
 ness necessary to make them succeed. — .\nquetii,. He wrote a Latin 
 poem called " La Turciade," in which he sought to excite the kingdoms 
 of Christians against the Turks. But the inspiration of Tyrta>us was
 
 Appendix. ^9 
 
 denied to Father Joseph. His hair was fed ; but for fear of displeasing 
 the King, who detested red hair, he used leaden combs, which gave it a 
 dark color. 
 
 •° Richelieu was commonly supposed, though I cannot say I find 
 much evidence for it, to have been too presuming in an interview with 
 Anne of Austria (the Queen), and to have bitterly resented thj contempt 
 she expressed for him. 
 
 1' Richelieu not only employed the lowest, but would often consult 
 men commonly esteemed the dullest. " He said that, in matters of the 
 greatest importance, he had found, by experiment, that the least wise 
 often suggested the best expedients." — Le Clerc. 
 
 12 Both Richelieu and Joseph were originally intended for the pro- 
 fession of arms. Joseph had served, before he obeyed the spiritual 
 inspiration to become a Capuchin. The death of his brother opened to 
 Richelieu the Bishopric of Lugon ; but his military propensities were as 
 strong as his priestly ambition. I need scarcely add that the Cardinal, 
 during his brilliant campaign in Italy, marched at the head of his troops, 
 in complete armour. It was under his administration that occurred the 
 last example of proclaiming war by the chivalric defiance of herald 
 and cartel. 
 
 '3 Richelieu valued himself much on his personal activity ; for Ids 
 vanity was as universal as his ambition. A nobleman at the house of 
 Grammont one day found him employed in jumping, and, with all the 
 iai'oir vivre of a Frenchman and a courtier, offered to jump against him. 
 He suffered the Cardinal to jump higher, and soon after found himself 
 rewarded by an appointment. Yet, strangely enough, this vanity did 
 not lead to a patronage injurious to the State ; for never before in France 
 was ability made so essential a requisite in promotion. He was lucky in 
 finding the cleverest men among his adroitest flatterers. 
 
 '4 Voltaire openly charges Richelieu with being the lover of Marion 
 de Lorme. The great poet of France, Victor Hugo, has sacrificed 
 History to adorn her with qualities which certainly were not added to her 
 personal charms. She was not less perfidious than beautiful. Le Clerc 
 properly refutes the accusation of Voltaire against the discretion of 
 Richelieu ; and says, very justly, that, if the great minister had the 
 frailties of human nature, he learnt how to veil them, — at least when 
 he obtained the scarlet. In earlier life he had been prone to gallantries 
 which a little prepossessed the King (who was formal and decorous, and 
 threw a singular coldness into the few attachments he permitted to 
 himself) against the aspiring intriguer. But these graver occupations 
 died away in the engagement of higher pursuits or of darker passions.
 
 lOO APPENDIJi. 
 
 •5 1 he guard attached to kicheheu's person was, in the first instance, 
 fifty soldiers, afterward increased to two companies of cavalry and 
 two hundred musketeers. Huguet is, therefore, to be considered 
 merely as the lieutenant of a small detachment of this little army. 
 
 '* Josephs ambition was not, however, so moderate; he refused a 
 bishopric, and desired the Cardinal's hat, for which favour Richelieu 
 openly supplicated the Holy See, but contrived, somehow or other, 
 never to effect it, although two ambassadors applied for it at Rome. 
 
 '7 Ihe peculiar religion of P^re Joseph may be illustrated by the 
 following anecdote: An officer, whom he had dismissed upon an expe- 
 dition into Germany, moved by conscience at the orders he had 
 received, returned for further explanations, and found the Capuchin 
 disant sa masse. He approached and whispered: " Hut, my father, if 
 
 these people defend themselves " " Kill all," (Qu'on tue tout.) 
 
 answered the good father, continuing his devotion. 
 
 '-i Voltaire has a striking passage on the singular fate of Richelieu, 
 recalled every hour from his gigantic schemes to frustrate some miserable 
 cabal of the ante-room. Richelieu would often e.\claim that " Six pieds 
 de terre (as he called the king's cabinet) lui donnaient plus de peine que 
 tout le restc de I'Europe."' The death of Wallenstein, sacrificed by the 
 Emperor Ferdinand, produced a most lively impression upon Richelieu. 
 He found many traits of comparison between Ferdinand and Louis — 
 Wallenstein and liimself In the memoirs — now regarded by the best 
 authorities as written by his sanction, and in great part by himself — the 
 great Frenchman bursts (when alluding to Wallenstein's murder) into a 
 touching and pathetic anathema on the misere de cette vie of dependence 
 on jealous and timid rovalty. which he himself, while he wrote, sustained. 
 It is worthy of remark, that it was precisely at the period of Wallenstein's 
 (loath tliat Richelieu obtained from the king an augmentation of his 
 guard. 
 
 •9 The fear and hatred which Richelieu generally inspired were not 
 shared by his dependents and those about his person, who are said to 
 have adored him. His servants looked upon him as the best of 
 masters. — Le Clerc. In fact, although he was proud and choleric, he 
 was at the same time no less affable and generous to those who served, 
 tha:i severe to those who opposed him. 
 
 20 In common with his contemporaries, Richelieu was credulous as 
 to the divinations of astrology. He was too fortunate a man not to be 
 superstitious. 
 
 =' Louis XIII. is said to have possessed some natural talents, and in 
 earlier youth to have exhibited the germs of noble qualities ; but a blight
 
 ieeiiicd to have passed over his maturer life. Personally brave, but 
 morally timid, always governed, whether by his mother or his minister, 
 and always repining at the yoke,— the only affection amounting to a 
 passion that he betrayed was for the sports of the field. Yet it was his 
 crowning weakness (and this throws a kind of false interest over his 
 character) to wish to be loved. He himself loved no one. He suffered 
 tlie only woman who seems to have been attached to him to wither in a 
 convent ; he gave up favourite after favourite to exile or the block. When 
 Richelieu died he said, coldly, " There is a great politician dead !" And 
 when the ill-fated, but unprincipled Cinq-Mars, whom he called dear 
 f.iend, was beheaded, he drew out his watch at the fatal hour, and said, 
 \vi:h a smile: "I think at this moment the dear friend makes an ugly 
 face." Nevertheless, his conscience at times (for he was devout and 
 superstitious), made him gentle, and his pride and his honour would often, 
 when least expected, rouse him into haughty but brief resistance to the 
 despotism under which he lived. 
 
 22 One of Richelieu's severest and least politic laws was that which 
 made duelling a capital crime. Never was the punishment against the 
 offence more relentlessly enforced; and never were duels so desperate 
 and so numerous. The punishment of death must be evidently ineffec- 
 tual so long as to refuse a duel is to be dishonoured, and salong as men 
 hold the doctrine, however wrong, that it is better to part with the life 
 that Heaven gave than with the honour that man makes. In fact, the 
 greater the danger he incurred, the greater was the punctilio of that 
 cavalier of the time in braving it. 
 
 23 In his Memoirs Richelieu gives an amusing account of the insolence 
 and arts of Baradas, and observes with indignant astonishment that the 
 favourite was never weary of repeating to the king that he (Baradas) would 
 have made just as great a minister as Richelieu. It is on the attachment 
 of Baradas to La Cressias, a maid of honour to the Queen-Mother, of. 
 wliom, according to Baradas, the King was enamoured also, that his 
 l.jve for the Julie de Mortemar of the play has been founded. The 
 secret of Baradas' sudden and extraordinary influence with the King 
 seems to rest in the personal adoration which he professed for Louis, 
 with whom he affected all the jealousy of a lover, but whom he flattered 
 with the ardent chivalry of a knight. Even after his disgrace he placed 
 upon his banner, " Fiafvoluntas tua." 
 
 =4 Of the haughty and rebuking tone which Richelieu assumed in his 
 expostulations with the King, Montesquieu sa}s : "He degraded the 
 King, but he made illustrious the reign." But however proud and 
 choleric in his disputes with Louis, the Cardinal did not always disdain
 
 1 02 XPPENOlJi, 
 
 recourse to the arts of the courtier. Once, after art angry discussion 
 with tlie King, in which, as usual, Richelieu got the better, Louis, as 
 they quitted the palace together, said, rudely, "Go first — you are indeed 
 the King of France. " " If I ])ass out first," replied the minister, after a 
 moment's hesitation, and with great adroitness, "it is only as the 
 humblest of your servants;" and he took & Jlambeau from one of the 
 pages, to light the king as he walked before him. 
 
 =■5 According to the custom of Louis XIIL, to cause the arrest of a 
 person for a State crime, and to have him put to death, was very nearly 
 the same thing. — Le Clerc. 
 
 26 Like Cromwell and Rienzi, Richelieu apjjears to have been easily 
 moved to tears. The Queen-Mother, who put the hardest interpretation 
 on tliat humane weakness which is natural with very excitable tempera- 
 ments, said : " He weeps whenever he chooses." It is recorded of him 
 that when his affairs did not succeed he was cast down auJ frightened, 
 and when he had obtained that which he desired he w^as ]iroud and 
 insulting. 
 
 =7 This alludes to Hildebrand (Gregory VII.), who carried his 
 aiuhority so far as to send legates into all the kingdoms of Europe to 
 sui>43ort his rights. 
 
 =8 When Popilius Lenas was sent as ambassador to Antiochus, King 
 of Syria, whom the Roman Senate wished to restrain from hostilities 
 against Egypt, he gave tlie King the letter of ihe Senate, which he read, 
 and promised to take into consideration. Then, as Antiochus was 
 about marching upon Alexandria, I'opilius described wi;h his cano a 
 circle, in the snnd, round the king, and ordered him not to stir out of it 
 until he had given a djci_ive answer, at the risk of Rome's displeasure. 
 This boldness so frightened Antiochus that he at once \ ielded to the 
 demand. 
 
 =:» The jmssion of the diania requires this catastrophe for Baradas. 
 He, however, survived his disgrace, though stripped of all his rapidly 
 acquired fortunes; and the daring that belonged to his character won 
 him distinction in foreign service. He returned to France after Riche- 
 lieu's death, but never regained the same court influence. He had taken 
 the vows of a Knight of Malta, and Louis made him a Prior. 
 
 30 The sudden resuscitation of Richelieu (not to strain too much on the 
 real passion which supports him in this scene) is in conformance with 
 the more dissimulating part of his character. The extraordinary mobility 
 of his countenance (latterly so death-like, sav^; when the mind spoke in 
 the features), always lent itself to sta^e effect of this nature. The 
 Queen-Mother said of him that she had so^n him one moment so feeble,
 
 APPENDIX. 103 
 
 cast-down and " semi-mort," that he seemed on the point of giving up 
 the ghost ; and the next moment he would start up, fu'l of aniination 
 and energy 
 
 R'.it'lle, or Reuil, is a town of France, situated at the foot cf ".lent 
 \'alerien, about five miles from Paris. 
 
 Joseph, the Capuchin, was commonly called Father Joseph. He was 
 a wily intriguant, and rendered much service to Richelieu. He tiled, 
 of apoplexy, in 1638. 
 
 The author's dedication of " Richelieu," which, it may be a:;sumcd, 
 he wished should accompany every edition of the play, is in the f jIIow- 
 ing words: "To the Marquis of Lansdowne, K. G., &c., <S:c., this 
 drama is inscribed, in tribute to the talents which command, and the ; 
 qualities which endear, respect." 
 
 The author of " Picciola " was Joseph Xavier Boniface Saintine. He 
 was born at Paris, July loth, 1798, and died there, January 21st, 1865. 
 He published dramas, poems, and romances, a collection of philosophical 
 stories, called "Jonathan, the Visionary," and a " History of the Wars 
 in Italy." For "Picciola," his most popular work, he received the 
 Monthyon Prize, in 1837. This novel passed through ten editions 
 within eight years, and it has been translated into several languages. 
 
 The novel of "Cinq-Mars," which is mentioned in Bulwer's preface 
 to " Richelieu" as, in part, the basis of the piece, was written by A'fred 
 Victor, Count de Vigny, a native of France, bom at Loche, in 1799. 
 "Cinq-Mars" was published in 1826, and it has been translated into 
 several languages. De Vigny won a bright distinction, both as a poet 
 and a novelist. He wrote several plays, one of which illustrates the 
 gloomy fate of Chatterton. De Vigny was a member of the French 
 Academy. He died in 1863. 
 
 Henry Coiffier de Ruze, Marquis de Cinq-Mars, was bom in Fiance, 
 i \ 1620. At the age of 18 he was presented at the court of Louis XIII., 
 by Cardina-I Richelieu, and thereafter he soon became a favouriic to the 
 Icing. Ambition, commingled with hatred of Richelieu, presently led 
 him to form a conspiracy against the Cardinal, in which the king 
 himself, and his brother Gaston, Due d'Orleans, partieipated. The 
 plot miscarried : the Cardinal prevailed : and Cinq-Mars was beheaded, 
 tcjether with his friend the Councillor de Thou, at Lyons September 
 J2th, 1642. 
 
 Tyriaeus, mentioned above, was a Greek poet of the 7th centurv, B. C. 
 H" was a deformed man, blind of one eye, and was a school-mas'or. 
 The Spartan.s, being at war with the Mosenians, olieying an oracle,
 
 104 APPENDIX. 
 
 asked tlie Athenians for a leader. The Atlienians sent to them Tyrtaeus, 
 as the most imfit captain that could be chosen ; but Tyrtrtus so inspired 
 the Spartans by his war-songs tiiat they were victorious, and subdued 
 their foes. The fragments of the poems of I yrtitus are in Gaisford's 
 " Poeta; Minores Greci," translated into English verse by Polwhelc, 
 1 786-92. 
 
 The Capuchins were a body of friars, of the order of St. Francis, 
 instituted by Matteo Baschi, in 1525, and established under Pope 
 Clement \TI., in 1529. They were at first called Friars Hermits Minor. 
 Their order was confirmed, in 1536, by Pope Paul III., who named 
 them Capuchins of the Order of Friars Minor. Their name was 
 derived from the Latin designation [Ciiputiuni] of the cowl that they 
 wore. This head-gear was shaped like a sugar-loaf. The Capuchins 
 were introduced into France in i573-'74. 
 
 Marie de Medicis, the Queen-mother, was born at Florence, in 1573 ; 
 made mischief for even, body, all her days ; was exiled by Richelieu ; and 
 died, at Cologne, in destitution, in 1642. Louis XIll., her son, was 
 born at Fontainebleu, September 27th, 1601 ; came to the throne of 
 France in 1610; and died at St. Gerniaine, May 14th, 1643. 
 
 Many of the foregoing notes are by the author. Several of them have 
 been shortened and mr>Hifie<l, and sevenil ii<;efril new ones have been 
 introduced. There are, in the original, other notes, which relate to 
 passages not included in this version of the drama.— W. W. 
 
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