LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Class 
 

BIBLIOTHECA CHE MIC A 
 
THIS CATALOGUE OF CHEMICAL BOOKS HAS BEEN PRINTED FOR 
 
 PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION BY HIS FAMILY, IN ACCORDANCE 
 
 WITH THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE LATE 
 
 JAMES YOUNG, ESQ. 
 
<UVCsf<tl&f 
 
Bibliotbeca Cbemica: 
 
 A CATALOGUE OF THE ALCHEMICAL, CHEMICAL AND 
 
 PHARMACEUTICAL BOOKS IN THE COLLECTION OF 
 
 THE LATE JAMES YOUNG OF KELLY AND 
 
 DURRIS, ESQ., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.S.E. 
 
 r. 
 
 BY 
 
 JOHN FERGUSON 
 
 M.A., LL.I)., HONORARY MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL MIUTAKV ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, ST. I'ETERSBURG 
 MEMBER OK THE GKRMAN SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF MF.D1CINK AND THE NATURAL SCIENCES 
 
 FOREIGN MEMBER OF THE SOClfrrE FRANCHISE l/ARCHEOLOGIE 
 REGIUS PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW 
 
 VOLUME I 
 
 % 
 
 *^\8 RA /T 
 or THE 
 
 VNIVERSIT 
 
 ERSi 
 
 y 
 
 JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS 
 
 PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY 
 I9O6 
 

 GLASGOW : PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD. 
 
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 to wbom alone is owing 
 
 whatever merit it mas possess 
 
 tbia Catalogue is 
 
 bebicateb bs 
 
' To the man who aspires to know, no man who has been 
 the meanest student of knowledge should be unknown.' 
 
 ZANONI, Book III., Chapter iv. 
 
Introduction 
 
 DR. JAMES YOUNG, 1 under whose directions the present collection 
 of books was made, was a native of Glasgow. In his youth he was 
 set to learn a trade, but having entered Anderson's College when 
 Thomas Graham, afterwards Master of the Mint, was professor there, 
 and was commencing those researches which have put him in the first 
 rank of experimental chemists, he studied chemistry under Graham, and 
 by a succession of events came to be the originator of the paraffin oil 
 industry in Scotland. In after years, when he had retired from active 
 participation in business, not unmindful of his own early drawbacks 
 and difficulties, he established a Chair of technical chemistry in 
 Anderson's College, which has been incorporated with the recently 
 created institution called the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical 
 College. Furthermore, he erected a statue in Glasgow to the memory of 
 his teacher, Graham, and he gathered the present library, which he 
 bequeathed to the Chair which he had endowed. 
 
 The collection was begun by himself about the middle of last 
 century, and it is plain that he took much interest in the history 
 of chemistry and must have discussed the study of it with his friend, 
 the late Dr. Angus Smith of Manchester, who also was a collector 
 and was desirous of seeing more attention devoted to it. Dr. Smith's 
 idea of reprinting epoch-making books and papers was long after carried 
 out in part by the Alembic Club in Edinburgh, and on a more general 
 plan by Ostwald, in his series of chemical and physical classics. 
 
 J Dr. Young was born on July 13, 1811, and died May 13, 1883. For details about his life 
 and career there may be consulted the article by P. T. Hartog in the Dictionary of National 
 Biography, 1900, Ixiii, p. 376, with the references there given, the obituary notices of him in 
 the Proceedings of the Societies with which he was connected, and a brief estimate of him by 
 myself, with a portrait, in Memoirs and Portraits of One Hundred Glasgow Men, Glasgow, 1886, 
 ii. p. 341, No. loo. 
 
BIBLIOTHECA CHEMICA 
 
 Of more living importance, however, is the recent movement, in 
 Germany especially, which has led to the formation of the Society 
 for the History of Medicine and the Natural Sciences, to the estab- 
 lishment of courses of lectures on that subject and to the recognition 
 of it as an important branch of knowledge by both the International 
 Historical and the Medical Congresses. As yet no action in this 
 direction has been taken in Britain ; the history and evolution of 
 chemical, natural, and physical science are ignored by the British 
 Association, of medicine by the Medical Association, and the Anti- 
 quarian Societies have their attention otherwise occupied. Still there 
 is not wanting proof that even in this country there is interest in this 
 section of history and that there are some who pursue it. 1 Perhaps if 
 the few who do this could combine their efforts, a stimulus might be 
 given to a systematic cultivation of the subject. Dr. Young's pre- 
 science was exhibited in various ways, but in none was his breadth of 
 view and foresight more conspicuously displayed than when, long before 
 this movement had begun, he was making provision for the study 
 and teaching of the history of the science, which he had cultivated 
 practically and technically with such success. The founder of a great 
 industry, which has added so much to the comfort, and even luxury of 
 life, immersed as he was in the mechanical and chemical details of the 
 process, engrossed in business transactions, distracted by the worries of 
 competition, and by attempts to minimize the merit of his invention, 
 was hardly the person whom one would have expected to undertake 
 the formation of a library of old, neglected, and out of the way 
 books on the practically extinct topic of alchemy ; yet Dr. Young 
 did this because he perceived that as alchemy happens to be 
 one of the phases which chemistry formerly presented, a survey 
 of it is indispensable for completing the history of the whole science. 
 He did not collect for one of the bibliophile's reasons : because 
 the books were rare and curious, but for the student's reason : 
 because they were needed for research, and because no collection of 
 them was accessible to the student here in connection with his 
 Chair. 
 
 1 In England the only original contribution which has been made in recent years to the 
 history of any part of physical science is the edition of Gilbert's book on the Magnet, with the 
 accompanying notes and various biographical papers and essays by Professor Sylvanus Thompson, 
 This is as fine a piece of work as could be desired. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The collection thus made by him consists of about 1300 pamphlets 
 and volumes, but, as a good many volumes contain several tracts bound 
 together, the actual number of separate items may reach 1350 or 1400. 
 This number, however, includes only the works printed separately 
 and does not represent the whole contents of the library. There are, 
 besides, writings which do not seem ever to have been printed by 
 themselves, but only in the collected editions which form a characteristic 
 feature of alchemical literature. If these be included the number of 
 distinct and independent articles will be increased by a considerable 
 amount. 
 
 One, indeed, could have wished that the lines upon which the 
 library was begun, had not been departed from quite so much, and 
 that the attention originally given to English works had been main- 
 tained. That desire is intensified by knowing that when the collection 
 was making, these books could still be purchased, whereas now they 
 have disappeared altogether ; and it may be said, without much 
 fear of contradiction, that they will hardly be seen again. An odd 
 specimen may make its appearance from time to time, but the books 
 as a class are no longer to be had. It is fortunate that some of 
 these exceedingly rare treatises in English were secured before it was 
 too late ; they are so much gain to the library. 
 
 Considering what influence the great idea of supplying material 
 for the study of the history of chemistry exercised upon Dr. Young, 
 one can imagine how much more he would have done for his 
 library had he lived longer. Having made so full a gathering of 
 the alchemical writings, he might have got together even more of the 
 works by the chemists in the latter half of the eighteenth century than 
 has been done. They would have been invaluable to those interested 
 in the origins of modern chemistry. This period has not been forgotten 
 by any means, but it has not been so elaborately worked out as some 
 of those before it. 
 
 It may afford a more exact view of the extent of the library, if 
 the chief authors in the different periods, whose works have been here 
 brought together, be enumerated. When one considers that speculations 
 and operations relative to the chemical properties of matter have been 
 in vogue certainly from the second or third century of our era, and 
 that the alchemists and chemists were diligent composers of books, it 
 
BIBLIOTHECA CHE MIC A 
 
 will be easily understood that the literature is extensive, as well as 
 rare, and much beyond the power of anyone, however eager and 
 persistent, to amass in his life-time. In fact even the largest libraries 
 exhibit deficiencies. Now Dr. Young's collection is noteworthy in 
 being so comprehensive as it is, and containing so many of the 
 writings especially of the German alchemists of the seventeenth and 
 eighteenth centuries. The student will not find everything, and still 
 less every edition for that he will get nowhere but he will have 
 ample material for acquiring a knowledge of the earlier phases of the 
 science. 
 
 The history of chemistry presents various aspects for treatment, 
 but, for our present purpose, it may be arranged broadly in three 
 periods : 
 
 1. The period of belief in transmutation the alchemical period 
 which begins at the earliest date of which there is a record and 
 stretches down to the commencement of the nineteenth century, with 
 sporadic survival to the present time. 
 
 Along with the notion of transmutation there existed the prepara- 
 tion and employment of various kinds of bodies in pharmacy and 
 medicine, and practical applications of substances in the technical arts. 
 These were empirical, but from both a considerable body of experi- 
 mental facts of important practical use was brought together, though 
 still without anything of a guiding principle. 
 
 2. The iatro-chemical period, which began in the sixteenth century, 
 and died out about the close of the seventeenth century. 
 
 3. The period of scientific chemistry, which began in the seventeenth 
 century shortly before or about Boyle's time, and continues to the 
 present moment. 
 
 These aims of chemistry, therefore, for a time ran parallel with each 
 other and materially influenced each other. The iatro-chemists trans- 
 planted alchemical ideas into medicine and pharmacy, and on the 
 other hand one of the most important of Boyle's labours was his 
 criticism of the then current doctrines of elements and theory of 
 composition. 
 
 It belongs to history to trace and explain the processes by which 
 each period was modified, absorbed, and at last replaced by another, 
 to allot to the various labourers their due praise for what they 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 accomplished, and to record the acquisitions of fact which remain 
 established to this day. 
 
 As it is solely from the literature which has descended to us, that 
 insight into the state of the science during these periods is obtained, 
 an ideal historical library should represent all periods and all aspects, 
 and should contain the works of all authors. I am not aware that 
 such a library exists. It is only an approximation to this ideal that 
 any collection can offer. We may now see what the present one 
 embraces. 
 
 i . As the alchemical books in the library are much the most abundant, 
 they may be taken first, and roughly in chronological order. 
 
 The earliest portion is that of the Greeks, beginning with Democritus 
 in the second or third century A.D. Apart from the Greek MSS. them- 
 selves, which are attainable only in certain European libraries, the first 
 access to their contents was through the translation of a portion of them 
 by Pizimenti. There is a copy of the rare reprint of 1717 in the library, 
 so that the student can thus start from the very oldest records. Next 
 comes the Arabic epoch represented by the works of Geber, Kalid, 
 Rhazes, Avicenna. 
 
 This is followed by the productions ascribed to Morienus, Hortulanus, 
 Arisleus, Artephius, Ferrarius, Petrus v. Zalento, Haimo and the pseudo- 
 Merlin. 
 
 Most of these personages are more or less shadowy, but writings 
 in their names are extant, and it rests with the historian to appraise 
 their claims to acceptance as genuine. 
 
 The authors of the thirteenth century are better known than the 
 preceding, but there are doubts as to some of the alchemical writings 
 which pass for their composition. Such as they are these are said to 
 be by Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, Michael Scotus, Christophorus 
 of Paris, Roger Bacon, Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Richardus Anglicus, 
 Guido de Montanor. 
 
 The next century furnishes a list of notable people : Pope John 
 XXII., Jean de Meun, Raymund Lully, Cremer of Westminster, Pietro 
 Bono, Antonio de Abbatia, Odomar, Rupescissa, Ortolanus, Flamel. 
 
 As time goes on more writers on the subject appear. In the first 
 half of the fifteenth century there are the reputed Basilius Valentinus, 
 Joannes of Tetzen, Isaac Hollandus, Lasnioro, Lambspringk, and, in 
 
xii BIBLIOTHECA CHEMICA 
 
 the second half, Bernard of Trevisan, Ficinus, Trithemius, Poyselius, 
 Vincent Koffsky, George Ripley, Thomas Norton, Trissmosinus. 
 
 In the early part of the sixteenth century one meets with Augurello, 
 Picus de Mirandula, Pantheus, Lactnius, Bracesco, Grewer, Paracelsus, 
 Agricola, Denis Zachaire, Petrus Arlensis, Robertus Vallensis, Alexander 
 von Suchten, Phaedro, Wenceslaus Lavinius. 
 
 In the latter part flourished Thurneysser, Nazari, Carerius, Quad- 
 rammi da Gubbio, Blaise de Vigenere, Penotus, Barnaud, Balbian, 
 Edward Kelley, Dr. Dee, Francis Antony, Robert Fludd, Beuther, 
 Sebald Schwertzer, Wittestein, and the two Khunraths. 
 
 The seventeenth century is perhaps the most prolific of all in 
 alchemical writers, and richest in narratives of transmutations accom- 
 plished, in books written in explanation and defence of the art, as well 
 as in those by others who doubted it. It opens with the adventures 
 of Alexander Seton the Cosmopolite, followed by the romantic episode 
 of the Rosicrucian Society, and among the crowd of alchemists and 
 chemists may be mentioned Libavius, Figulus, Crollius, Pontanus, 
 Grasshof, Schaubert, Rhenanus, Gerhard, Michael Maier, Birelli, Billich, 
 Johannes de Padua, Angelo Sala, Guibertus, d'Espagnet, Nuysement, 
 Potier, Castaigne, L'Agneau, Palmarius, Drebbel, Hoghelande, Samuel 
 Northon ; though some of these are also to be found among the 
 iatro-chemists. 
 
 The second quarter of the century includes Sendivogius, Ambrosius 
 M tiller, Grosschedel ab Aicha, Batsdorf, Rist, Johannes Agricola, Kessler, 
 Liberius Benedictus, Conringius, Peter Faber, Philaletha, Starkey, 
 Zwelffer, Zwinger. 
 
 Between 1650 and 1675 fall the names of Richthausen, Monte 
 Snyder, Glauber, Harprecht, Kircher, Blauenstein, Clauder, Otto 
 Tachenius, Becher, Lowenheim, Drechssler, Albineus, Morhof, Borrichius, 
 Helvetius, Kerkring, Vreeswyk, Johnson, Borel, Germain, Atremont, 
 Du Clos, de Comitibus, Ashmole, Borri. 
 
 In the last quarter are W. v. Schroder, Seyler, Krohnemann, Cardilucius, 
 Balduinus, Kunckel, Wedel, v. Helbig, Orschall, Weidenfeld, Grummet, 
 Kirchmayer, Hannemann, Boyle, Dickinson, Mundanus, Colson, Headrich, 
 Tollius, Salmon, Gualdo, Lancilotti. 
 
 The eighteenth century also furnishes an abundance of names, but 
 there is a marked change in the character of the writings. There may 
 
INTRODUCTION xiii 
 
 be enumerated the following: Botticher, Caetano, Delisle, Paykul, Stahl, 
 Dippel, Ettner von Eiteritz, Barchusen, Manget, Soldner, Kellner, 
 Axtelmayer, Faustius, Miiller, Horlacher, S. Richter, Klettenberg, Roth- 
 Scholtz, Chymiphilus, Siebenstern, Hensing. There were also Plusius, 
 Keil, Creiling, Fictuld, Richebourg, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Tharsander, 
 Jugel, J. F. Meyer, Wenzel, Schroder; and from 1775 to 1800, Semler, 
 Wiegleb, ab Indagine, Adamah Booz, Herverdi, Giildenfalk, Kortum, 
 Henckel, von Murr. 
 
 All these and many more less prominent are in the library, and 
 it may be said with some confidence that little of importance relating 
 to alchemy, in the seventeenth century especially, is wanting. Not 
 only so, but certain books which are very scarce indeed, and are not 
 alluded to in some of the fullest lists, are here present. 
 
 The best running commentary on this division of the library is 
 Kopp's last work, Die Alchemic, and one might almost imagine that in 
 writing the bibliographical appendix he had had access, if not to this 
 collection, to one similarly furnished. But here again there are items 
 which have escaped Kopp's observation. 
 
 The only other books to be considered are the collected editions of 
 alchemical tracts, which, as I have already said, are characteristic of the 
 literature, even from the earliest times. The Greek MSS. always contain 
 treatises by different writers, ranging from four to as many as fifty- 
 three ; and in Pizimenti's translation, the tracts of Democritus, Synesius, 
 Pelagius, Stephanus and Psellus are printed together. Later MSS. in 
 Latin, of which various specimens have passed through my hands, are 
 similarly made up, and when they were printed, what they contained 
 was simply reproduced. So it must have been in the Vatican MS. of 
 Geber ; for, not only his works, but tracts by Kalid, Avicenna, and others 
 are included in Silber's edition, printed at Rome before 1520, and in 
 several of those which followed. But from the sixteenth to the end of 
 the eighteenth century the practice of printing collected editions became 
 common, and quite a number appeared. The most comprehensive in 
 the library may be mentioned: De Alchemia Volumen, Petreius, 1541 ; 
 Lacinius' Pretiosa Margarita Novella^ 1546; De Alchimia Opuscula, 
 1550; Gratarolo's Verce Alchemia Doctrina, 1561 ; Eroffnete Geheimnisse 
 des Steins der Weisen; Vellus Aureum; Ars Aurifera; Theatrum Chemi- 
 cum; Manget's Bibliotheca; Museum Hermeticum; Ginceceum Chemicum, 
 
xiv BIBLIOTHECA C HEM 1C A 
 
 1673 ; Albineus' Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, and a swarm of others 
 under fanciful titles, which have been amusingly classified by Kopp. 
 
 Some of the smaller ones may contain three or four tracts only, 
 while the Theatrum Chemicum, and Manget's Bibliotheca, which are the 
 largest, contain about two hundred and a hundred and forty respectively, 
 some of considerable length. 
 
 In French there is the Bibliotheque Chimique of ' le Sieur S.' 
 enlarged by Richebourg. 
 
 In German there is the Vellus Aureum, Tancke's Promptuarium, the 
 translation of the Pretiosa Margarita of Lacinius, Morgenstern's transla- 
 tion of the Ars Aurifera, Roth-Scholtz's Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum 
 the body of extracts called Hermetisches A. B. C., and Schroder's 
 Alchymistische Bibliothek. 
 
 In English there are Salmon's translation of Hermes, Geber, Kalid, 
 Bacon, and Flamel, appended to his Medicina Practica, the Collectanea 
 Chymica, and the Aurifontina Chymica. 
 
 These collected editions have impressed a distinctive feature on 
 the catalogue, for, in drawing it up, the contents have been duly 
 recorded under their respective titles, while each item has been 
 entered under its author's name, or its own title, or, maybe, under 
 both. This was a necessity, in order that no document bearing on the 
 subject should be by any chance overlooked. 
 
 2. But besides these authors who were concerned solely or mainly 
 with alchemy, there were others who, without questioning the reality 
 of it, employed its principles merely as a guide, and instead of 
 attempting to effect practically the change of metals into gold and 
 silver, used, partly for medicine, partly for the practical arts, the know- 
 ledge of substances accumulated by the alchemists and others. 
 
 This epoch was inaugurated by Paracelsus in the sixteenth century 
 by his asserting that alchemy was one of the pillars of medicine, and 
 that alchemy was not confined to transmutation of metals, but was the 
 art of preparing substances for medical use ; that, in fact, it was the 
 art of the transmutation of every kind of matter. Paracelsus started 
 the iatro-chemical school, and he had many followers, as well as 
 many opponents. His theories belong to the history of medicine 
 rather than of chemistry ; still, his adherents were chemists, and wrote 
 books on chemistry for physicians, while his opponents, in order to 
 
XV 
 
 controvert his doctrines, had themselves to acquire some familiarity 
 with the new science. 
 
 Of the iatro-chemical school, some supporting Paracelsus' views, 
 others accepting them with reservation and criticism, and still others 
 breaking away from them, may be mentioned Quercetanus, Thurneysser, 
 Dorn, Rhenanus, Libavius, Beguinus, Crollius, Sala, Polemann, Potier, 
 Joannes Agricola, Pierre Faber, v. Helmont, Glauber, Lefevre, Glaser, 
 Lemery, Rolfinck, Tachenius, Barchusen, Guibertus, Ludolf, Morley, 
 Sennertus, Rivinus, Bolnest, Brendelius, Charas, Elsholtz, Jungken, 
 Poppius, Hoffmann, Wedel, Mynsicht. 
 
 3. The epoch of scientific chemistry began with two controversies. 
 The first was that between Conring and Borrichius as to the 
 antiquity of Hermes, the reality of the Hermetic medicine and the 
 soundness of Paracelsus' innovations ; the second was the discussion 
 by Boyle of the elements or principles of the chemists and of the 
 Aristotelians. This was the first systematic criticism of chemical 
 theory from a purely scientific or philosophical standpoint, and it 
 gradually led to an observation of phenomena apart from applications 
 to medicine, or arts, or alchemy. Those who pursued this course and, 
 so to speak inaugurated scientific chemistry, were Becher and Stahl, 
 Lemery, Boerhaave, Weigel, Rothe, Marggraf, Priestley, Lavoisier, 
 Scheele, Sage, Baume, Bergman, Scopoli, Achard, Crell, Dandolo, 
 d'Arcet, Demachy, Trommsdorff, Spielmann, Teichmayer, Wiegleb, 
 Jacquin, Scherer, Fourcroy, Macquer, Claude de la Metherie, Morveau. 
 
 Without belonging to any of these periods, as has been said above, 
 there are works in the library which, while involving a certain amount of 
 chemistry, are concerned not with transmutation, or medicine, or theories 
 and speculations, but with the needs of ordinary life, or with the positive 
 and technical side of the science. 
 
 Among these are the miners and metallurgists ; Ercker, Entzel or 
 Encelius, George Agricola, Alonso Barba, Sir John Pettus, Webster, 
 Gabriel Plattes, Lohnayss ; assayers : as Schreitmann, Zimmermann, and 
 the anonymous author of the Probier Biichlein ; the mineralogists : 
 Marbodaeus, Nicols, Henckel ; technologists : as Neri, Merrett and 
 Haudicquer de Blancourt, who all wrote about glass ; Axt, who pub- 
 lished a little treatise on the making of rosin, wood tar and charcoal ; 
 Caneparius, the author of the treatise de Atramentis \ the compilers of 
 
BIBLIOTHECA CHE MIC A 
 
 books of practical receipts and secrets, as they were called, such as the 
 author of the Rechter Gebrauch d'Alchimei, Andriessen, Fioravanti, Alessio, 
 Lemnius, Wecker, Hugh Plat, Kertzenmacher, Cortese, Schmuck. In 
 some respects, as in giving insight into everyday practical working, 
 these books are as interesting and important as any. 
 
 The books on pharmacy also constitute a series by themselves, but 
 as they are, with one or two exceptions, such as the Dispensarium of 
 Praepositus, Luminare Majus of Manlius de Boscho, Lumen Apothe- 
 cariorum of Quiricus, Thesaurus of Gesner, comparatively recent, they 
 do not require special notice. 
 
 It is. an illustration of the persistence of an idea that all through 
 the eighteenth century to its very close, when most important dis- 
 coveries were making and entirely new theories were advanced, the 
 controversy as to the reality of transmutation as a fact and as a 
 theory was still sustained. At the opening of it, in 1702, came 
 the attack by Soldner as it is said in the Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, replied to in the Erlosung der Philosophen aus dein 
 Fegfeuer der Chymisten ; Creiling's vindication of alchemy in Die 
 Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, Lenglet Dufresnoy's Histoire, 
 1742, which must be regarded as unfavourable; Fictuld's Probier- 
 Stein, 1753, a sort of biographical dictionary of genuine and 
 false alchemists, more remarkable for the author's judgments than 
 for the information supplied ; the curious dictionary of Pernety, 
 I 753 m which as in his other work he strives to interpret the 
 myths of antiquity as Hermetic ; Wiegleb's onslaught on the truth 
 of alchemy, 1777, with Kortum's learned and rather dexterous 
 reply, 1789, and the collection of narratives about transmutation 
 by Giildenfalk, 1784. Then at the close of the century, 1797 
 to 1799, appeared Gmelin's Geschichte^ in which for the first time 
 the subject was treated as a whole, and as an independent branch of 
 history, without bias, and apart from controversy as to the truth or 
 reality of any section of it, but merely as a record of events, persons 
 and books. All these, with others of less note, are in the library. 
 
 In endeavouring to construct the catalogue of such a library 
 as this, which labour I undertook at Dr. Young's request, I considered 
 who were likely to consult it and how best it could be made serviceable 
 for the study of the history of chemistry. The persons who may 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 possibly refer to it besides those who actually use the library itself 
 are, in the first place, librarians, bibliographers, booksellers, and 
 collectors of this branch of literature, if there be any such, and, in 
 the second, students. 
 
 For the convenience of the first group, the catalogue has been 
 constructed on a more liberal and elaborate scale than would have 
 been necessary, had the object been merely to make a list of short titles 
 sufficient to serve as a register for the library. Instead of that the 
 titles are reproduced in full, the particular copy is described, and any 
 peculiarities it may possess are noted, other editions are enumerated, 
 and, when practicable, an account of them, too, is added, which in 
 many cases has been possible by inspection of the books themselves. 
 To the different classes of bookmen these details may be convenient 
 for reference, and for comparison with other copies. The literature 
 is scarce, obscure and almost unknown, and, so far as my experience 
 goes, while there are lists and enumerations of alchemical books, there 
 is no bibliography of any part of it. 
 
 More particularly intended for the student, who is concerned with 
 the contents rather than with the externals of the books, are the notes 
 which contain biographical and descriptive details and discuss doubtful 
 or disputed points of chronology, authorship, and other matters. The 
 authors of most of these books are strangers in this country and are 
 but little remembered, or thought of, in their own. Some of them, 
 however, were amongst the foremost men of their day, conspicuous by 
 their lives, learning, discoveries and writings. It seemed desirable 
 therefore, in carrying out the plan I had drawn up, to give the student 
 some notion of the position and authority of the different writers so 
 far as lay in my power, to refer to the questions, which have arisen 
 about them or their writings, and to the criticisms and judgments 
 which have been passed upon them. 
 
 As it was impossible to accomplish this in full within the limits 
 of a catalogue, I have endeavoured by lists of authorities, whom I 
 have been able to consult, to assist the student further in surveying 
 the field for himself. In the authorities quoted others will be found, 
 and in these again others, and so the student can continue his research 
 till he has exhausted the literature, and possessed himself of all avail- 
 able information at first hand. 
 
BIBLIOTHECA C HEM 1C A 
 
 The authorities are not all of equal value ; for while some supply 
 much sound information, others furnish an irreducible minimum. Nor 
 do they always agree as to dates and other matters of fact, which is 
 a defect, and their criticisms and decisions also are sometimes at 
 variance, which is of very little importance ; but this uncertainty 
 adds to the liveliness and zest of the inquiry, and stimulates origin- 
 ality and independence of judgment on the student's part, for he must 
 lay his account for long and sometimes baffling investigation if he 
 want to arrive at the truth. 
 
 I have also endeavoured to give him some hold upon the authorities 
 by arranging them as far as may be chronologically. An advantage 
 is that if they be examined in this sequence, the statements made, 
 whether accurate or inaccurate, can be traced to their sources, and thus 
 by careful examination and comparison it can be decided who are 
 original authorities and who are compilers and copyists. Another 
 advantage of the lists is that from their extent and the status of the 
 persons composing them, an inference can be drawn as to the import- 
 ance and interest surrounding any particular writer, from his own time 
 to the present. 
 
 All the rest is for the student of history himself to do ; it 
 is his affair to examine the facts, the doubts, the difficulties, the 
 errors ; to confirm what is correct, to correct what is faulty and 
 wrong, to throw light if possible on confused and debateable problems, 
 and to confess his inability to reconcile contradictory averments and 
 opinions, when the means for doing so have failed him. In the present 
 work he will find plenty of opportunities for expending labour and 
 exercising his critical faculties. 
 
 Nor do I presume to think that what I have said is in every case 
 correct and final. There is too great a want of agreement amongst 
 the authorities for any one, at this time of day, to do more than get 
 as near the truth as possible through the mists of defective records 
 and discordant results. The brief abstracts and accounts which I 
 have given are therefore liable to such modification, or correction, as 
 further examination of the existing authorities, or new discoveries, may 
 necessitate. There is no weed which spreads so quickly as error ; I 
 can only hope that I have introduced as little as may be in my state- 
 ments. One, however, cannot escape the common lot, but one can 
 
INTRODUCTION xix 
 
 perhaps plead, with Lactantius, the common imperfection : " est enim 
 aliquid medium quod sit hominis, scilicet scientia cum ignorantia con- 
 juncta et temperata." What success this work may achieve will depend 
 on the proportion of those constituents, and how they are combined. 
 
 The inducement which I have had to go into the matter in detail, 
 is simply the want of a book of any kind whatever on the subject in 
 English, while those which exist in other languages, in German for 
 instance, do not cover this ground. With the exception of Ladrague, 
 whose work, printed at Moscow in 75 copies, is about as rare as a 
 manuscript, no one supplies even the pagination, and no one at all 
 reproduces the titles in full. The compilation of the present work, 
 therefore, afforded an opportunity, which it behoved me not to neglect, not 
 merely of making a catalogue, but of attempting to begin a bibliography, 
 at all events within the limits which the collection allowed, and of thus 
 filling a gap in the literature of the history of chemistry, while the 
 addition of the biographical notes and the references to the authorities 
 constituted a guide to the relative literature. In no better way, it 
 seemed to me, could the purpose of the founder be attained. 
 
 If, for such flaws in the plan and its execution as use may reveal, 
 an apology be necessary, I can use the words of Pliny, without, I hope, 
 being charged with presumption : " nee dubitamus, multa esse, quae et nos 
 praeterierint. Homines enim sumus, et occupati officiis : subcisivisque 
 temporibus ista curamus, id est, nocturnis, ne quis vestrum putet his 
 cessatum horis." 
 
 At the conclusion of a work like the present, one can hardly refrain 
 from contemplating the theme of it. It deals with phases of a science 
 which is of active interest and influence just now certainly, but is as 
 different from its former condition as to views, aims, methods, and 
 results, as if there never had been any connection between them. Yet 
 the chemistry of the moment is also merely a phase, and by its more 
 rapid development is so much less stable than that of three hundred 
 years ago, when discovery made slower advance. Still the books 
 enumerated here, unattractive as they are even unintelligible, maybe 
 record the thought and experience of many men, some of them among 
 the most skilful and far-seeing of their time. But their labours have 
 disappeared as if they had never been, their controversies are forgotten, 
 their discoveries have long ago been assimilated into common 
 
xx BIBLIOTHECA CHEMICA 
 
 knowledge ; what was right in their work has, as far as they are con- 
 cerned, shared the fate of what was wrong : it is not even known that it 
 was theirs. " The chiefs of other times are departed ; they have gone 
 without their fame. The sons of future years shall pass away ; and 
 another race arise." 
 
 Let not the modern student of science imagine that he and his 
 work will escape the universal doom. His discoveries, his theories, the 
 most recent, the most comprehensive and progressive, sooner or later 
 will become mere archaeological data, to be included, or, just as likely, 
 omitted, in a historical review of this time. Such, at least, has been 
 the rule in chemistry for the last eighteen hundred years, and there 
 is no sign of its being suspended in favour of any chemist of 
 to-day. 
 
 " Thus times do shift ; each thing his turne do's hold ; 
 New things succeed as former things grow old." 
 
 It is this phenomenon which stimulates to the writing of history 
 and to the antiquarian research on which it rests, the passing, namely, 
 of the generations with their ideas and pursuits. But change itself is 
 inevitable, and as the past conditions cannot be recalled or reproduced, 
 either in the individual or the race, the most that can be done is to 
 record something of them. 
 
 The history of chemistry, as indeed of all science, is but a succession 
 of epitaphs upon forgotten men and forgotten discovery. What then 
 do these men not owe to him who gathers up their works, and in so 
 doing recalls their achievements, and thus labours to lift that icy pall of 
 oblivion which descends on everything human, just because it is human, 
 imperfect, temporary, and has to be forgotten to make way for something 
 else ? It was to mitigate that fate as far as human effort can, when it 
 has to strive with the eternal law and necessity of change, that this 
 gathering of the writings of bye-gone thinkers and workers was made. 
 That they were struggling with error-obscured vision towards the light 
 of reality should cause not neglect of them and contempt for their 
 shortcomings and failures, but should arouse the fellow-feeling and 
 interest of those who at the present moment are engaged in the same 
 struggle, and whose turn for neglect and contempt is coming. Dr. 
 Young realized this, and the library is his effort to awaken and foster 
 such sympathy and remembrance. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 Whether or not I have succeeded by the present catalogue in 
 carrying out his wish to make it as instructive for the purpose he 
 contemplated as may be, it is impossible for me to say. The decision 
 of Dr. Young himself is what I should have pre-eminently desired ; 
 and I should have prized the judgment of one other, whose interest 
 in the catalogue was to me its inspiration, and whose verdict at its 
 close would have been my reward. But these voices are now still. 
 
 To friends who have assisted me in various ways, by loans of books, 
 by references to authorities to which access for me was difficult, by 
 revision with me of certain portions of the work, I desire to tender my 
 warmest thanks. 
 
 First and last I have read the proofs, and am alone responsible 
 for whatever errors and misprints exist. May I ask those who may 
 have to consult this book not to overlook the additions and corrections 
 at the end of the second volume ? 
 
 So, in the old-fashioned words of old Jean Rey : " Le trauail a este 
 mien, le profit en soit au lecteur, et a Dieu seul la gloire." 
 
 JOHN FERGUSON. 
 
 GLASGOW, 13 NEWTON PLACE, 
 2 yd January, 1906. 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
CATALOGUE 
 
 A. (A). Naturalium Cultor. 
 
 Gliicks-Ruthe zu Paracelsi Chymischem Schatz. 
 See MERCURII Zweyfacher Schlangen-stab, 1679. 
 
 A. (J.). M.D. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE). 
 
 AALBERT. 
 
 De wonderbare Geheymen, van den Groote en Klyne Aalbert, in 3 Deelen. 
 Gedrukt te Parys, In't Jaar 100,000. 
 
 Small 8. Title leaf; Part I., sigs. Aj to C in eights, or pp. 3-48 ; Part II., sigs. A, 
 to C in eights [pp. 3-48] ; Part III., sigs. A 2 to C n eights, or pp. 3-44 ; the last two 
 leaves are blank. 
 
 This chap-book contains three tracts with separate The first tract is taken mainly from the Physio- 
 
 signatures and pagination. Each tract seems to nomia of Michael Scotus. The second is called 
 
 have had originally a title-page, but these have Het Profyt der Vrouwen, and contains remedies 
 
 been cancelled and the above general title sub- for feminine complaints. The third is a miscel- 
 
 stituted. The book is one which, from its false laneous collection of receipts, medical, culinary, 
 
 date and almost certainly false place, and from its physiological, etc. The book is not a reproduction 
 
 having been sewn up at the top and outer margin, of either Albertus Magnus or Parvus. The 
 
 has been sold under some kind of restriction. receipts contain nothing distinctively chemical or 
 
 alchemical. 
 
 ABBATIA (ANTONIUS DE). 
 
 Send- Brieff von Verwandelung der Metallen. 
 
 See DREY vortreffliche . . . Chymische Biicher, 1670, p. 85. 
 .SV^TETZEN (JOHANN VON) . . . Chymische Bucher, 1691, p. 85. 
 
 Bericht von Verwandelung der Metallen. 
 
 See ZWEY vortreffliche . . . Chymische Bucher, 1759, p. 5. 
 This is the same tract as the preceding, under a different name. 
 
 Epistolae Duae Scrutatoribus Artis Chymicae mandatae. 
 See MAGNI Philosophorum Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 421. 
 
 To the Epistles are appended explanatory Anno- second Epistola ; but of the first Epistola and the 
 tationes. The Send-Brief corresponds to the Annotationes there seems to be no German version. 
 
 Send-Schreiben von dem Stein der Weisen und von Verwandlung der Metallen. 
 
 A 
 
ABBA TIA ABRAHAM 
 
 ABBATIA (ANTONIUS DE). Continued. 
 
 Epistolae Duae Scrutatoribus Artis chemicae mandatae. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. p. 651. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz has reprinted both the German For an extract from the Bericht see HERME- 
 and Latin versions, with the Latin Annotationes TISCHES A. B. C,, 1778, I. No. xvi. 
 already mentioned. 
 
 [Ein Send-Brieff, Antonii de Abbatia, des Priesters, von Verwandelung der Metallen.] 
 
 No place, date, or printer. Small 8, pp. 85-112. 
 Fragment of a copy of von Tetzen's Chymische Biicher, 1691, mentioned above. 
 
 The author is said to have been a monk of Pavia, sides the editions of his Epistles above mentioned, 
 
 who lived about 1350, shortly after Raymund there was another which appeared at Hamburg, 
 
 Lully. But this cannot be correct, for, in the first 1672, 12, and Baumer mentions an edition of the 
 
 Epistola (if it be by him), he quotes Augurello, Latin, Norimbergce, 1631, arid of the German, 
 
 who flourished at the beginning of the sixteenth Mannheim, 1759, 8. I suspect that 1631 is a mis- 
 
 century. Baumer (Bibl. Chem,, p. 81) calls him print for 1731, and that he means Roth-Scholtz's 
 
 Tholusanus Archipresbyter, and says he lived at reprint, and that Mannheim is a mistake for 
 
 the dose of the sixteenth century. In this, how- Miinchen. 
 
 ever, Baumer has confused him with a De Abatia, He is said to have devoted himself with great 
 
 a physician at the end of the sixteenth century, success to the art, and wrote these Epistles to 
 
 who was born at Toulouse. On the other hand, explain his methods. The author of the preface 
 
 Gmelin (Geschichte, ii. 21), hesitating about both to the Drey . . . Chymische Biichtr awards him 
 
 his nationality and date, places him among the the highest praise as an expounder of the mysteries 
 
 Italian alchemists contemporary with Boyle. Be- of the art. 
 
 Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metallica Sogni tre, Weigel, Grundriss der . . . Chemie, 1777, 
 1599, p. 135. 1 102, c, 4. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1654, p. 25. Baumer, Bibliotheca Ckemica, 1782, p. 81. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 3. Gmelin, GeschichtederChemie, 1798, ii. pp. 21,300. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Hist, de la Philosophic Her- Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 184. 
 
 mltique, 1742, iii. 79. Grasse, Literdrgeschichte, 1842, iii. p. 640. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Pt, I. p. 10. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 336. 
 
 ABBREVIATIO de secretis secretorum Joannis pauperum. 
 
 See JOANNES PAUPERUM. 
 
 A. B. C. vom Stein der Weisen. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C. 
 
 ABRACADABRA oder Sammlung unbegreiflicher und aufserordentlicher Geheim- 
 nisse aus alterer Zeit. Fur Freunde geheimer Wissenschaften und der uralten 
 Goldmacherkunst aus seltenen Handschriften und kostbaren Druckschriften 
 gesammelt. Coin, Bei Peter Hammer's Erben. 
 24, pp. 160. No date. (18 ?). 
 
 This contains only two or three paragraphs virtues of some common plants, and is nothing 
 
 relating to gold-making. It is chiefly taken up more than a collection of so-called secrets, either a 
 
 with cures for ills produced by magic, sympathy reprint of an old work, or a modern compilation 
 
 and antipathy, magnetic cures, and the medical from the old secret-mongers. 
 
 ABRAHAM. 
 
 Pre"ceptes et Instructions du Pere Abraham a son fils, contenant la vraie 
 sagesse hermetique, traduits de 1'Arabe. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliothque des Philosophes Chimiques, (1754), 
 iv. p. 552. 
 
 ABRAHAM ELEAZAR. 
 
 R. Abrahami Eleazaris Uraltes Chymisches Werk, welches ehedessen von dem 
 Autore theils in Lateinischer und Arabischer, theils auch in Chaldaischer 
 und Syrischer Sprache geschrieben, nachmals von einem Anonymo in 
 
ABRAHAM 
 
 ABRAHAM ELEAZAR. Continued. 
 
 unsere deutsche Muttersprache iibersetzet, nun aber nebst zugehorigen 
 Kupfern, Figuren, Gefafsen, Oefen, einer kurzen Vorrede, nothigen 
 Registern, wie auch beygefiigtem Schliissel derer in selbigem vorkom- 
 menden fremden Worter, ingleichen einigen philosophischen Regeln von 
 dem Steine der Weisen zu Nutz und Gebrauch aller Liebhaber der edlen 
 Hermetischen Philosophic, in II. Theilen zum offentlichen Druck befordert 
 worden durch lulium Gervasium Schwartzburgicum, P. M. & I. P. E. 
 Zweyte Auflage. Leipzig, in Lankischens Buchhandlung, 1760. 
 
 8. Title, Preface, Letter signed L. N. Dobelius, Jan. 18, 1735, Verses, Abraham's 
 address to the Jews, quotation from Lib. iv. Esree, in all pp. [28] ; Text, pp. 122 ; 
 Register, pp. [14]. Frontispiece and 7 Engravings. Woodcuts in the text of apparatus 
 and cabbalistic figures, expressing Hermetic secrets. 
 
 The second part has the following title-page : 
 
 Donum Dei Samuelis Baruch, Des Juden Rabbi, Astrologi und Philosophi, 
 gebohren aus dem Stamm Abrahams, Isaacs, Jacobs und Juda, welcher 
 erlernet das grofse Geheimnifs des grofsen Meisters Tubalkains aus dessen 
 Tabell, gefunden von Abrahamo Eleazare, dem Juden. I. N. U. CXI. 
 
 8. Title, Short vocabulary of chemical words, with title and preface, pp. [14]. 
 Text, pp. 104. Register, pp. [12]. 8 plates containing 15 symbolical designs ; wood- 
 cuts of chemical apparatus in the text. This, though it has separate title, pagination 
 and signatures, is printed uniformly with the preceding part, and is an integral portion 
 of Abraham Eleazar's work, being referred to by Gervasius in the preface to Part I. 
 
 An edition, most probably the first, was published 
 by Augustinus Crusius at Erfurt, in 1735. It con- 
 tains in Part I. : pp. [30], dictionary [12], text, 122, 
 index [14] ; and in Part II. : title [2], text, 87 ; 
 index, etc. [15]. The title is printed in red and 
 black, and the impressions of the plates engraved 
 by J. C. Boeck of Weimar are better than those in 
 the 1760 issue. In one copy which I have seen, 
 the dictionary is put after the preliminary matter 
 in Part I., but in another copy it is placed at the 
 very end of Part II. Among the preliminary 
 matter the first edition has one leaf containing a 
 list of n MSS. which Crusius had it in his mind to 
 publish. Of these No. 6 is the tract of a certain 
 LUDOVICUS ORVIUS (q.v.), to which Gervasius 
 refers in his preface as alluding to Abraham 
 Eleazar. This leaf is omitted in the second edition. 
 The second edition, however, contains at the end 
 of the second part, pp. 87-104, a series of 156 
 philosophical rules or canons respecting the philo- 
 sopher's stone. This series is not in the first 
 edition. (See PHILOSOPHISCHE Regeln.) 
 
 In the preface Gervasius gives an account of the 
 book which he says existed in MSS. only, eagerly 
 sought after, but difficult to see and costly to 
 copy, and he therefore had it printed. It was from 
 the book of Abraham the Jew that Flamel gained his 
 skill, and the work was used also by Orvius, above 
 mentioned, and by the author of the CURIEUSE 
 UNTERSUCHUNG etlicher Mineralien (q.v.). He 
 tries to ascertain the date at which Abraham 
 Eleazar may have flourished, and the probable 
 truth of the statement that he drew the ' principia ' 
 of the art from the copper tables of Tubal-Cain, 
 who transmitted his secrets to posterity both by 
 writing and by symbolic pictures as well. Ger- 
 vasius, naturally, supports the truth of this state- 
 ment, and proves, as he thinks, that Tubal-Cain was 
 the first engraver, metallurgist, and chemist. In 
 the second part there are several references to these 
 copper tables. 
 
 Of Abraham Eleazar, Samuel Baruch, and even 
 Gervasius himself, nothing seems to be known. 
 The main question is as to the authenticity of the 
 book, and it has to be proved that it is identical 
 with that described by Flamel, and not a later 
 production written to suit Flamel's description. 
 There is a certain similarity, especiallyin the symbolic 
 pictures, which can be accounted for in either way, 
 but when it is remembered how much doubt hangs 
 round the whole Flamel legend, the second explan- 
 ation is the more probable. Dr. Kopp (Die 
 Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 314-317) has given the work 
 careful consideration, and from internal evidence 
 has drawn the conclusion that the book is spurious, 
 that Abraham Eleazar and Samuel Baruch are 
 supposititious personages, that Gervasius is the 
 pseudonym of the real author, and that the work 
 is later than Flamel, and not earlier than the 
 seventeenth century. While this is most likely the 
 correct conclusion as to the book in its present 
 form, Gervasius may, however, have based his 
 adaptation on some old MSS., if he did not actually 
 reprint one, as he professes to have done. There 
 is a drawing of the massacre of the innocents, 
 evidently symbolical, from the "book of Abraham 
 the Jew" in the Library of the Arsenal, Paris, 
 given by Lacroix in Le Moyen Ageetla Renaissance, 
 Paris, 1848, i. Art. vii., and again by Lacroix in 
 Moeurs, Usages et Costumes au Moyen Age, Paris, 
 1871, p. 465. This drawing is a more elaborate 
 version of the same scene which is given both in 
 Abraham Eleazar's and in Flamel's works (q.v.). 
 Without an examination, therefore, of such MSS. as 
 may exist, I should not like to assert unhesitatingly 
 that Gervasius was the author, and did not actually 
 reprint a MS. in whole or in part. Such MSS. were 
 known to Lenglet Dufresnoy (Hist, de la Philo- 
 sophie Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 79), and probably 
 some are still to be found both m public and in 
 private libraries. 
 
ABRAHAM ADEL UNG 
 
 ABRAHAM ELEAZAR. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, I. No. iii. 
 
 ABYSSUS ALCHYMI^: EXPLORATUS. 
 
 See PHILALETHA 
 
 ACHARD (FRANZ CARL). 
 
 Franz Carl Achards, Mitglieds der Konigl. Preufsischen Academie der 
 Wissenschaften, der Romisch-Kaiserlichen Academie der Naturforscher, der 
 Churfiirstlich Mainzischen und Churfiirstlich Bayerischen Academien, wie 
 auch der Schlesiscih patriotisch-oeconomischen Societal, und der gelehrten 
 Gesellschaften zu Harlem, Danzig und Berlin. Chymisch-physische Schriften. 
 Berlin, bey Arnold Wever, 1780. 
 
 8, pp. 367. 10 Tables. 
 
 Achard was born at Berlin, April 28, 1753, and 1791-92, in 4 volumes. He is best known for 
 
 died at Kunern, near Breslau, April 20, 1821. He having introduced and perfected, after several years' 
 
 prosecuted researches on electricity, adhesion, cold labour, the manufacture of sugar from beetroot. 
 
 produced by evaporation, on fixed air and its He wrote several treatises on this industry ; in 
 
 solvent action, the action of nitric acid upon oils particular: Die Europaische Zuckerfabrikation aus 
 
 and inflammable substances, and other topics, Runkelriiben. Leipzig, 1812. 
 
 accounts of which are contained in the present Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, Lemgo, 1796, 
 
 volume. Another volume of papers appeared in i. pp. 8-14; 1801, ix. p. 5. Allgemeine Deutsche 
 
 1784, and lectures on experimental physics in Biographic, 1875, i- P- 2 7- (Article by Oppenheim.) 
 
 ACXTELMEIER (STANISLAUS REINHARD). 
 
 Idaea Harmonicas Correspondentiaa Superiorum Cum Inferioribus. Das ist : 
 Fiirbild der gleichformigen Ubereinstimmung der obern Krafften mit denen 
 untern, defs Firmamentischen Himmels mit der Ein- und Aufsstrahlung der 
 Gewachsen, Thieren und Mineralen : Wie das obere Gestirn defs Macro- 
 cosmi, das ist, der grossen Welt sich verstehet mit der Irradiation defs 
 Gestirns in der kleinen Welt, defs Menchen, &c. Durch die Menge der 
 Exemplen, und derer in der Vernunfft gegriindeten Ursachen entworfien. 
 Von Stanislaus Reinhard Acxtelmeier. Augspurg, druckts Abraham Gugger. 
 Zu bekommen, bey Daniel Walder, Buchhandlern, 1706. 
 
 8vo, pp. [8] 224. Register [16]. 
 
 Fictuld (Probier-Stein, 1753, ii. 26) spells his wissenheits Finsterniss erretteten Naturlicftts, iter 
 
 name Aextelmeyer or Extelmeyer (Ibid. p. 62) and Theil, Augsburg, 1615 (?), 2ter bis 5ter Th., 1700. 
 
 says that all his labour is nothing but "scribble- Haller calls him Axtelmeyer, and quotes. (Bibl. 
 
 ment, sophistical freaks and gnat-catching, with Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 47) Ebenbild der Natur in 
 
 which he had better have stayed at home." But in dem Entwurfe der Gewdchse, Ungeziefer und 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 278, anderen Thiere, Augspurg, 1699, 8; Schwabach, 
 
 in the Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1706, 4. In his Bibl. Medicines practice, 1788, 
 
 1785, p. 650, by Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, iv. p. 273, he repeats this title, but gives editions of 
 1798, ii. p. 321), by Schmieder (Geschichte der Augsp. 1700, 4 or 8; 1715, 4; and terms him 
 Alchemic, 1832, p. 514), and by Kopp (Die incorrectly Richard. 
 
 Alchemic, 1886, ii. 362) his name is written Axtel- The present work does not treat of alchemy, but 
 
 mayer, whereas Fuchs (Repertorium, 1806, p. no) of the sympathy and antipathy supposed to exist 
 
 calls him Reinhold Axtelmeier. between the different sections of the universe, the 
 
 Other books by Acxtelmeier quoted are : Des connection of the microcosm with the macrocosm 
 
 Naturlichts welt erliffneter Palast, Schwabach, and the radiation of influences from one to the 
 
 1706, 4, Augsburg, 1716, 4 ; Des aus der Un- other. 
 
 ADELUNG (JOHANN CHRISTOPH). 
 
 Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit, oder Lebensbeschreibungen beriihmter 
 Schwarzkiinstler, Goldmacher, Teufelsbanner, Zeichen- und Liniendeuter 
 Schwarmer, Wahrsager, und anderer philosophischer Unholden. Erster Theil 
 
A DEL UNGADMONITIO 5 
 
 ADELUNG (JOHANN CHRISTOPH). Continued, 
 
 [ Siebenter Theil]. Leipzig, in der Weygandschen Buchhandlung, 1785- 
 1789. 
 
 Small 8. 1785, I. pp. [8] 347 [r], 1786, II. pp. [2] 440 [2]. 1787, III. pp. 413 
 [i blank, 2]. 1787, IV. pp. 423 [i]. 1787, V. pp. 391 [i]. 1788, VI. pp. [2] 457 [ij. 
 1789, VII. pp. [8] 408. 
 
 This work was published anonymously. The Sendivogius; Johann Heinrich von Muhlenfels. 
 
 first three volumes have a vignette on the title- VII. John Dee ; Arthur Dee ; Paracelsus, 
 
 page, the remaining volumes have none. An eighth These lives are written with considerable fulness, 
 
 volume was published in 1799, but as in the Adelung having neglected none of the available 
 
 present instance it is frequently awanting. In material. He gives besides very good lists of the 
 
 the preface to the seventh volume Adelung declines writings of the different persons. For authorities, 
 
 to reveal his name, and defends his treatment of the therefore, and matters of fact Adelung's collections 
 
 whole subject against the author of a review which are valuable, but upon his estimatesof the individuals 
 
 had appeared a little earlier. and upon the interpretation and criticism of their 
 
 Graesse (Trtsor de Livres Rares, 1859, i. 20) calls ideas and aims no reliance can be placed. Adelung 
 
 the work curious and rarely found complete. There could perceive no merit whatever in any of the 
 
 was another work, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der men whose lives he described, and he puts 
 
 menschlichen Narrheit, Wien, 1778, but it does not invariably the worst possible construction upon the 
 
 belong to Adelung's. events of their lives, actions, writings and ideas. 
 
 This work is useful for the history of alchemy, Adelung was born at Spantekow in Pomerania, 
 
 as it contains notices of the following personages, 1734 (or 1732), was a distinguished philologist, and 
 
 of the most of whom the names occur in the teacher at Erfurt, and librarian at Dresden. He 
 
 present catalogue : Vol. I. Nicolas Barnaud ; died there in Sept. 1806. He was author of a 
 
 Giovanni Francesco Borro ; Giovanni Aurelio Augu- work on Mineralogy in six volumes. Leipzig & 
 
 rello ; Johann Joachim Becher ; Johann Conrad Kopenhagen, 1768-71. 
 
 Dippel. II. Cornelius van Drebbel. III. Nicolas Weiz, Das gelehrte Sachsen, 1780, p. 2. 
 
 Flamel. IV. Johann Rudolph Glauber ; Johannes Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, 1796, i. pp. 
 
 Baptista von Helinont; David Beuther. V. Hein- 23-28. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1875, i. 
 
 rich Khunrath. VI. Delisle and Aluys ; Michael p. 81. (Article by Scherer. ) 
 
 ADEPTS. 
 
 See LIVES (THE) OF THE ADEPTS in Alchemystical Philosophy. 
 
 ADEPTUS. 
 
 Eines wahren Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie, 1757. 
 See H. (c. G.). 
 
 ADEPTUS FATALIS, Das ist: Geld, spricht die Welt! Freyburg gedruckt 
 An. 1721. 
 See SPECTRUM SPAGIRICUM, 1721. 
 
 ADEPTUS INEPTUS. 
 
 See THARSANDER, 1744. 
 
 ADEPTUS REALIS. 
 
 See KASTELL (c. v. v.), 1716. 
 
 ADEPTUS scientise & artis Hermeticae. 
 See FREUNDLICHES Scnd-Schreiben. 
 
 ADMONITIO, Instructio & Probatio contra omnes eos qui Aurum potabile 
 extra processum & tincturam Lapidis Philosophici universalis brevi temporis 
 spatio praeparare sibi & aliis falso persuadent & sibi proponunt. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, VI. p. 382. 
 
 See WARNUNG, Instruction und Beweifs. 
 
I 
 ADROP ^ENIGMA 
 
 ADROP. 
 
 See EXPOSITIO et Practica Lapidis Adrop. 
 
 See MONTE (GUIDO MAGNUS DE), Tractatulus seu Descriptio Philosophic! Adrop. 
 See a note on 'Adrop' by Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 382, 
 
 AECHTER (VON) hermetischen Arzenei. 
 
 See SEMLER (JOHANN SALOMON). 
 
 ^GIDIUS DE VADIS. 
 
 Dialogus inter Naturam et filium Philosophise. Tabula diversorum metallorum 
 vocabula . . . explicans. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 85. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 326. 
 
 Schmieder (p. 298) misnames the author, Aegidius " ex bibliotheca regia Richemerum. 17. Idus lulij 
 
 de Vondis. This dialogue, together with tracts Anno 1521," but whether that be correct or not, or 
 
 by Ripley, Hollandus and others was edited by whether ^Egidius be a real personage, or merely a 
 
 Penotuswith an introduction, and first (?) published pseudonym of Penotus', I do not know. The form 
 
 " Francoforti, Apud lo. Saurium," 1595, small 8vo. Egidius also occurs. 
 The epistle of ^Egidius to his friend " N " is dated : 
 
 L^LIA CRISPIS. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 805. 
 
 This is an epitaph cut on a block of white and Nicolaus Barnaud, who wrote a commentary on 
 
 red marble, which existed at Bologna. As it is a the inscription in this sense, reprinted in Theatrum 
 
 complete enigma, it has exercised the wits of many Chemicum, iii. p. 744 (q.v. ), and in Manget, Biblio- 
 
 persons for three hundred years to find out its theca Chemica Curiosa, \\. -p. ii^q.v.}. The epitaph 
 
 meaning and application. Marius L. Michael with its puzzling antitheses was too choice a morsel 
 
 Angelus published a 410 pamphlet on it at Venice, to escape the alchemists, who were fascinated by 
 
 in 1548 ; Sir W. Scott alludes to it as a perennial obscurities like those of the Tabula Smaragdina 
 
 antiquarian problem (The Antiquary ', ch. xiv.). and delighted in ascribing to the great Arcanum 
 
 In 1683 Caesar Malvasia in his pamphlet enumerates the most contradictory properties, so as to display 
 
 forty-three attempted solutions of it. It has been its infinite perfections, and at the same time to baffle 
 
 thought to denote rain, the soul, Niobe, Lot's wife, the uninitiated. 
 
 a child promised in marriage that died before its Borel (Bibl. Chem., 1654, p. 3) must have 
 
 birth, and so on. See the notices in Acta Erudi- considered the inscription to be alchemical ; he 
 
 torutp, 1684, p. 263 ; 1706, p. 88 ; 1720, p, 6 ; quotes the explanation of it by Richardus Basin- 
 
 in Christoph. August. Hermann's Poecile, Halae, stockius, Dordrecht, 1618. 
 
 1726, ii. p. 266. In verses prefixed to the Matceotechnia Medicines 
 
 Here of course it is applied to the philosopher's Praxeos of Noah Biggs, Lond. 1651, " Elia Leila's 
 
 stone, for which interpretation we are indebted to Art" is referred to. 
 
 ^ELIA L^LIA CRISPIS. 
 
 See BORRICHIUS (OLAUS), De Ortu et Progressu Chemias Dissertatio, in MANGET 
 (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 26. 
 
 ENIGMA. 
 
 See ALBINEUS (N.), Bibliotheca, 1673, Part !> P- 7 8 - 
 
 See ARISLEUS. 
 
 See TETZEN (JOHANN VON), 1691, p. 70. 
 
 See ZWEY vortreffliche . . . Chymische Biicher, 1759, p. 59. 
 
 See also PARABOLA. 
 
 See also PHILOSOPHISCHES RATZEL. 
 
 See also PHILOSOPHICAL RIDDLE. 
 
 See also RATZEL. 
 
 ENIGMA CABALISTICUM. 
 
 See MONTE HERMETIS (JOHANN DE), Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri, 1680, 
 sig. C 3 . 
 
ENIGMA A GNEA U 
 
 ENIGMA MAIERIANUM. 
 
 See BOREL (PIERRE), Bibliotheca Chemica, 1654, p. 275. 
 
 ENIGMA Philosophicum ad filios veritatis. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). 
 
 See also ENIGME philosophique. 
 
 This is different from the Parabola seu ^Enigma Philosophorum. 
 
 ENIGMA Philosophicum de Secreto Physicorum. 
 
 See BENEDICTUS (LiBERius), Nucleus Sophicus, 1623, p. 74. 
 
 ./ENIGMA Philosophorum sive Symbolum Saturni, per parabolas Azoth dilucide 
 ostendens. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 457. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 198. 
 
 This is identical with the Parabola seu ^Enigma pare the note on AURELIJE Occultae Philoso- 
 Philowphorum. See SENDIVOGIUS (M.); but com- phorum Partes duo. 
 
 /ENIGMA, in welchem der Procefs angedeutet wird. 
 See THEOPHILUS, Mineralogia, 1703, 1706, p. 457. 
 
 ^NIGMATA. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Rosarium Novum Olympicum, pars prima, 1608 
 p. 71. 
 
 /ENIGMATA DE TINCTURA. 
 
 See STERNHALS (jOHANN), Ritter Kreig, 1595, sig. G iiij ; 1680, p. 75. 
 
 ^NIGMATA DE TINCTURA. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. 268. 
 
 ./ENIGMATICUM EPITAPHIUM. 
 
 See ,<ELIA L,ELIA CRISPIS. 
 
 if 
 
 AGGRAVI (GIOVAN FRANCESCO). 
 
 Protolume Chimico echeggiante di condupplicati paraphrasi, la Natura non 
 diuersare nella simmetria delle connaturali operationi, entruso 1' epilogati 
 termini spargirici redundanti balsamici remedij, & arcanizzati magisteri 
 nuouamente indagati, & theoricamente esplorati da Giovan Francesco 
 Aggravi Senese. In Parma, M.DC.LXXVIII. Per Galeazzo Rosati, Con 
 
 Licenza de' Superiori. 
 
 8, pp. [16] 347 [i]. 
 
 The first part of this work is devoted to a Haller (Bibl. Medicines Pract., 1779, iii- p. 151)1 
 
 description of processes and operations, and a copied by Gmelin (Geschichte, 1798, ii. 267), quotes 
 
 discussion upon general principles and definitions. Antilucerna fisica, Padova, 1664, 4, and Trattato 
 
 The second contains pharmaceutical receipts, della sovrana medicina, Venezia, 1682, 12, both by 
 
 arranged in alphabetical order. Aggravi. 
 
 AGNEAU (DAVID L'). 
 
 See L'AGNEAU (DAVID). 
 
A GNOS TUSA G RICO LA 
 
 AGNOSTUS (IRENJEUS). 
 
 See FORTALITIUM Scientiae, 1617, 1618. 
 This author was possibly Gotthard Arthusius, 
 Conrector of the Gymnasium at Frankfurt am M., 
 who wrote some other Rosicrucian tracts ; see 
 
 AGRICOLA (DANIEL), PHILOPISTIUS. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alc/iemie t 1886, ii. p. 7; but see also 
 'Ai/Tt'icpieris, 1618. 
 
 Galerazeya. Siue Revelator Secretorum. I. De Lapide Philosophorum. II. 
 De Arabico Elyzir. III. De Auro potabili, & Pomis Paradisi. Authore 
 Agricola Philopistio Germano. Coloniae. Apud Petrvm Metternich, prope 
 Augustinianos Anno M.DC.XXXI. 
 
 24. pp. 102, 173 [8, i blank]. This volume contains : Title, pp. 2 ; Printer to 
 the reader (explaining the deceptive title), pp. 3-8 ; origin and occasion of the book, 
 pp. 9-14. Part I. consisting of the contents, pp. 15-17 ; first dialogue of Daniel and 
 Joachimus, pp. 18-92 ; Contents, pp. 93-102 ; first part of the Galerazeya, called Lapis 
 Philosophorum, subdivided into seven sections, pp. 1-173 Index and Errata, pp. [8], 
 The remaining two parts (with their introductory dialogues) are not contained in this 
 volume. Were they ever printed? In the first edition of the first part the introductory 
 dialogue was somehow left out ; but now in the second edition it has been put in its 
 right place (p. 16). 
 
 This is considered an alchemical book, and is 
 ascribed to "G. Agricola Philopistius " by Borel 
 (Bibl. Chemica, 1654, p. 4), who gives "Lapis 
 Philosophorum" as an alternative title and the 
 date, Coloniae, 1531, 24. Borel is copied by 
 Dufresnoy (Hist, de la Phil. HermMque, 1742, iii. 
 p. 82), who identifies the author with G. Agricola the 
 metallurgist, adding the date 1534. Schmieder 
 (Gesch. d. Alchemic, 1832, p. 269) copies from these 
 writers, but makes additional difficulty by ascribing 
 the Rechter Gebrauch d' Alchimei, Kb'ln, 1531 
 (q.v. ), also to Agricola the metallurgist. None of 
 these writers mentions the 1631 edition, and if it 
 were not that reference is made in itself (p. 16) to a 
 previous edition, I should incline to the belief that 
 Borel had made a mistake in the date, which 
 was copied by subsequent writers. The ascription 
 of the book to George Agricola, and the statement 
 by Schmieder that Agricola had pursued Alchemy 
 in his youth, bat that his books though printed 
 then did not attract notice till after he had become 
 otherwise distinguished, will not stand investigation. 
 i. The Rechter Gebrauch d' Alchimei is a book of 
 miscellaneous receipts and treats very slightly of 
 transmutation, and, although its date be 1531, the 
 place of printing is not given ; most likely it was 
 printed by Egenolph at Frankfurt. 2. The 
 Galerazeya does not treat of Alchemy at all, but 
 is a book of Roman Catholic controversy and 
 beliefs, and it was recommended to be used for 
 converting heretics. The Lapis Philosophorum 
 spoken of is entirely symbolical, and signifies faith 
 in the Roman Catholic church. 3. The nominal 
 author is Daniel not G. or Georg Agricola ; 
 Philopistius, 'lover of the faith,' not Philopeustes, 
 ' lover of enquiry or research,' as Schmieder gives it. 
 4. The author or editor confesses frankly that the 
 title is an ingenious one, a bait to catch readers, 
 "esca in hamo, quo pisces capiuntur," as he says, 
 so that those who buy or read the book in the hope 
 that they will learn how to make gold, the gold 
 that perisheth, will find that they have acquired 
 instead a pearl of priceless value. 5. The origin 
 of the book is described in the introduction and 
 first dialogue. The author (Daniel Agricola), who 
 was living in Germany some 50 years before the 
 date of the book, after long study and making 
 great acquirements, at the age of 30 travelled over 
 all the world and learned all he could. After an 
 absence of 60 years, he returned to Germany. A 
 
 young man, called Joachimus, who had wasted his 
 substance in searching for the philosopher's stone, 
 and was forsaken of his kinsfolk and acquaintance, 
 came to the town where Daniel was, and as luck 
 would have it met him and told him his sorrows. 
 Daniel consoled him and promised that he would 
 reveal to him the true stone. After Daniel and 
 Joachimus had lived together for 20 years, 'Daniel 
 died calmly at the not immature age of one hundred 
 and ten years. Joachimus then committed his 
 teaching to writing, both for the guidance of others, 
 and in memory of Daniel himself. This work 
 came into the hands of the writer of the preface, 
 whoever he was, who had it printed. 6. The dates 
 now given will not suit George Agricola under any 
 circumstances. If Daniel flourished 50 years prior 
 to 1631, say in 1580, then he was alive twenty-five 
 years after George Agricola was dead. If the book 
 was published in 1531 and Daniel was alive 50 
 years before that time, say in 1480, he must have 
 been ten years old at least, possibly fourteen, before 
 George Agricola was born. 
 
 The whole story seems to be fictitious. The 
 book is not by George Agricola, it is not about 
 Alchemy, so that Schmieder's derivation of the 
 name from voAepos and ofa meaning the ' ' fortunate " 
 or "joyful blackness," and referring to that product 
 of "putrefaction" which the alchemists called 
 ' ' caput corvi, ' ' is mere nonsense. If the Galerazeya 
 be the result of a hundred and ten years' study, 
 travel, meditation, instruction, it is very small for 
 its age. If Schmieder's statements about Agricola's 
 youthful alchemical studies and publications were 
 correct, and the Galerazeya were one of these 
 printed in 1531, Agricola at that time was thirty- 
 seven (possibly forty-one) years of age ; not a youth, 
 therefore, and he had already published the Ber- 
 mannus, was settled at Chemnitz, and was a man 
 of distinction for scholarship. 
 
 The book hardly merits so much notice, but it 
 has been so persistently ascribed to G. Agricola that 
 it is as well that the account it gives of itself should 
 be known, and the current errors rectified. Kopp, 
 however, says (Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 41) that 
 these works are erroneously ascribed to him, though 
 he is not correct in saying that the Galerazeya is by 
 a G. Agricola ; but he quotes Schmieder as to the 
 meaning of the word (Ibid. ii. p. 339), and does not 
 seem to have been aware that the book does not 
 deal with Alchemy at all. 
 
AC RICO LA 9 
 
 AGRICOLA (GEORG). 
 
 Georgii Agricolae De ortu & causis subterraneorum, Lib. V. De natura eorum 
 quae effluunt ex terra, Lib. IIII. De natura fossilium, Lib. X. De ueteribus 
 & nouis metallis, Lib. II. Bermannus, siue De re maetallica Dialogus. Inter- 
 pretatio Germanica uocum rei metallicae, addito Indice foecundissimo. 
 [Froben's device.] Basileae, MDXLVI. Cum priuilegio Imp. Maiestatis ad 
 quinquennium. 
 
 Folio. Pp. 487 [i blank]. Index [51]. Device [i]. Colophon : Basileae per 
 Hieronymum Frobenium et Nic. Episcopium Mense Septembri, M.D.XLVI. 
 
 This copy belonged to Lehmaun, whose trans- separately, and I conclude that they made their 
 
 lation of the tracts is referred to below. It con- first appearance in the present volume. These 
 
 tains numerous MS. notes by him and leaves of four tracts were translated into German by Ernst 
 
 MS. inserted. It is a very well printed book. Lehmann : G. Agricola's Mineralogische Schriften 
 
 Of these treatises the Bermannus was published iibersetzt, Freyberg, 1806-12, four parts, of which 
 
 at Basel by Froben, 1528 (?), 1530, 8; at Paris, part III. is in two volumes. 
 
 1541, 8; in German, by J. G. Stor, Rotenburg, Other editions of the collection are: Basil., 1555, 
 
 1778, 8; and by Fr. Aug. Schmid, Freiberg, fol. ; Basil., 1558, fol. ; Witteberg. , 1612, 8; Italian 
 
 1806, 8. translation: Vineg., 1550, 8; 1559, 8. 
 
 The dedicatory epistle to the De Ortu . . . Sub- Agricola wrote another little tract : De Ani- 
 
 terraneorum is dated 1544 ; that to the De Natura mantibus Subterraneis, Froben, Basil., 1549, 8; 
 
 eorum qua effluunt ex terra, 1545; that to the De Witteberg., 1614, 8. This was reprinted along 
 
 Natura fossilium, 1546, and that to the De veteri- with the De Re Metallica, and in the Italian trans- 
 
 bus et novis metallis, 1546. I have found no lation of the same, 
 indication of these writings having been published 
 
 Georgii Agricolae De Re Metallica Libri XII. Quibus Officia, Instrumenta, 
 Machinae, Ac Omnia Denique ad Metallicam spectantia, non modo luculen- 
 tissime describuntur, sed & per effigies, suis locis insertas, adiunctis Latinis, 
 Germanicisq' ; appellationibus ita ob oculos ponuntur, vt clarius tradi non 
 possint. Eiusdem De Animantibus Subterraneis liber, ab autore recognitus : 
 cum Indicibus diuersis, quicquid in opere tractatum est, pulchre demon- 
 strantibus, atq; omnibus nunc iterum ad archetypum diligenter restitutis 
 & castigatis. [Froben's device.] Basileae M.D.LXI. Cum Priuilegio Im- 
 peratoris in annos v. & Galliarum Regis ad sexennium. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [10] 502. Indices [72, 2]. On the last leaf Bbg recto is the Colophon : 
 Basileae in officina Frobeniana, per Hier. Frobenium et Nic. Episcopium, Mense 
 Martio, Anno Domini M.D.LXI. On the verso is Froben's device. 
 
 The first edition (containing a reprint of the containing the De Animantibus, is a shabby book 
 
 De Animantibus) appeared at Basel, 1556, folio. Basil., 1657, folio. To it are appended, in smaller 
 
 The woodcuts according to Graesse (Tresor Art. type and in double columns, reprints of all the 
 
 AGRICOLA (G.)) were by Hans Rudolphe Manuel ; other tracts, so that this is the collected edition of 
 
 according to Giimbel (Allg. Deutsche Biogr., Art. Agricola's works on mines, metallurgy, mineralogy 
 
 AGRICOLA (G.)) by Basilius Wehring of Joachims- and geology. As a book, however, it is mucn 
 
 thai. Graesse and Poggendorff (Biogr. liter. inferior to the original issues. An Italian transla- 
 
 Hdiv. s.v.) mention editions of 1530 and 1546, but tion of the De Re Metallica by Michael Angelo 
 
 they have obviously confused this work with the Florio and of the De Animantibus was printed by 
 
 Bermannus. Other editions: Basil., 1621, folio, Froben, Basil., 1563, folio. 
 
 Bergwerck Buch : Darinnen nicht allein alle Empter, Instrument, Gezeug, vnd 
 alles, so zu disem Handel gehorig, mit Figuren vorgebildet, vnd klarlich 
 beschrieben : Sondern auch, wie ein rechtverstandiger Bergmann seyn soil, 
 vnd die Gang aufszurichten seyen. Item, von allerley Gangen, Kliifften vnd 
 absetzen defs Gesteins. Von den Massen, vom Marscheyden. Defsgleichen 
 wie ein Gang zu hawen, wie alle Schacht zu sencken vnd auffzurichten seyen. 
 Von den Stollen, Fellorten, Radstuben, vnnd andern Gebawen. Von allerley 
 Trogen, Wassergehausen, Wasserkunst, Pompen vnd Rinnen, &c. Vom bosen 
 
io AGRICOLA 
 
 AGRICOLA (GEORG). Continued. 
 
 Wetter, vnd andern sorglichen zufallen, so den Berghawern widerfahrt. Vom 
 probieren, vnd was sonst darzu vonnothen. Wie man das Ertz bereiten, 
 klauben, pauchen, rosten, quatschen, radern, waschen, im Rostofen brennen, 
 vnd allerley Ertz mit nutz fchmeltzen soil, &c. Item, wie das Gold vom 
 Silber, vnd das Silber vom Gold : Item das Kupffer vom Gold, vnd das Bley 
 vom Gold vnd Silber zuscheiden sey, vnd wie die zwey kostlichen Metall mit 
 nutz sollen gebrandt werden. Auch wie das Silber vom Kupffer vnnd vom 
 Eysen zu seygern sey. Letstlich von allerley harten Safften, die aufs Wassern 
 vnd fliissigen Safften, oder vermischten Steinen gemacht werden. Vnd wie 
 endtlich das Saltz zu sieden, vnd Glafs zu machen sey. Durch den Hoch- 
 gelehrten vnd weitberiihmbten Herrn Georgium Agricolam, der Artzney 
 Doctorn, vnd Burgermeister der Churfurstlichen Statt Kemnitz, Erstlich mit 
 grossem fleifs, miihe vnd arbeit, in Latein beschrieben, vnd in zwolff Biicher 
 abgetheilt: Nachmals aber durch den Achtbarn, vnd auch Hochgelehrten 
 Philippum Bechium, Philosophen, Artzt, vnd in der loblichen Vniversitet zu 
 Basel Profefforn, mit sonderm fleifs Teutscher Nation zu gut verteutscht vnd 
 an Tag geben, vnd nun zum andern mal getruckt. Allen Bergherrn, 
 Gewercken, Bergmeistern, Geschwornen, Schichtmeistern, Steigern, Berg- 
 hawern, Waschern vnnd Schmeltzern, nicht allein nutzlich vnd dienstlich, 
 sondern auch zu wissen hochnohtwendig. [Vignette.] Getruckt zu Basel, in 
 verlegung Ludwig Konigs. Jm Jahr M.DC.XXI. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [7, i blank] ccccxcj [i blank]. Vocabulary [5, i blank]. Title red 
 and black. The vignette represents an assayer at a muffle furnace. Numerous 
 woodcuts and two folding plates. Contemporary interleaved copy for MS. Notes. 
 
 Other editions : Vom Bergwerck, Basel, 1557, aspects, of gases and volcanic eruptions and ex- 
 folio ; Bergwerkbuck, Franck. a. M. , 1580, folio; halations; the De Natura fossilium is the first 
 Basel, 1657, folio ; Schweinfurt, 1687, 8. modern text-book of mineralogy and petrology ; 
 
 The 1621 edition does not contain a translation the De veteribus et novis metallis is the first history 
 
 of the De Animantibus. of the metals ; the De Animantibus subterraneis is 
 
 George Bauer, latinized Agricola, was born at a curious collection upon subterranean and hyber- 
 
 Glauchau in Saxony, March 24, 1490 (or 1494?). nating animals, and contains a section upon 
 
 In his youth he was distinguished as a scholar and kobolds, the demons of the miners. The De Re 
 
 philologer, and retained his liking for classical Metattica was for long the standard work on min- 
 
 learning to the end, as his works testify. At ing and metallurgy, and it was followed by most 
 
 Leipzig he began the study of medicine, physics, of the writers who succeeded Agricola. Not one 
 
 and chemistry ; visited Italy, where he took the of their works, however, was on the same scale, 
 
 degree of Doctor of Medicine, and settled at was so systematically arranged, so well and classi- 
 
 Joachimsthal as physician among the miners. He cally written, so entirely based on personal and 
 
 thus had his attention directed to minerals and practical experience. Besides, Agricola's treatise 
 
 mining, and what he had learned he embodied in abounds with woodcuts which are vigorous and 
 
 his treatise Bermannus. In 1530 he removed to artistic, and give a picturesque and vivid deline- 
 
 Chemnitz, where he became town physician, and ation of the processes and machinery. The works 
 
 remained till his death, Nov. 21, 1555. Residence are also furnished with vocabularies of technical 
 
 here gave him further opportunities for extending terms and indices. 
 
 his knowledge of mineralogy, metallurgy, geology For chemistry the De Re Metallica is of much 
 and mining, which he systematized and published interest, for, besides the general metallurgical pro- 
 in the other treatises above mentioned. The last cesses described, which are of course chemical, 
 of these, De Re Metallica, was finished in 1550, there are sections upon assaying, cupellation, pre- 
 but it was not printed till 1556, subsequent to the paration of salts, such as common salt and salt- 
 author's sudden death. petre, the distillation of nitric acid, and so on. 
 
 All of them made an epoch in the history of the Agricola was the pioneer of mineralogical science 
 
 respective subjects. The Bermannus for the first in modern Europe. 
 
 time gathered together the unsystematic knowledge There have been erroneously ascribed to Agricola 
 
 of the miners. The De...Ortu subterraneorum the works Galerazeya, by Daniel Agricola, and 
 
 treats for the first time of geology ; the De Natura Rechter Gebrauch d Alchimei. See these entries. 
 eorum quce effluunt ex terra, of water in all its 
 
AG RICO LA ii 
 
 AGRICOLA (GEORG). Continued. 
 For details of his life and works reference may be made to 
 
 Pantaleou, Prosopographia, 1566, iii. p. 169. Clement, Bibliothcque Curieuse, 1750, i. p. 75. 
 Very poor notice and a portrait which does duty Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lex., 1750, i. col. 
 
 for other medical men ! 149. 
 
 Melchior Adami, Vita Germanorum Medicorum, Freytag, Adparatus Literarius, 1753, ii. p. 750. 
 1620, p. 77. Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis Libri duo, 1755, i. p. 28. 
 1637, p. 170. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practice, 1776, i. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 321. P- 539- 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam Intro- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 366. 
 duetto, 1687, pp. 279, 281, 287. Panzer, Annales Typographici, 1798, vi. p. 275, 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, No. 775. 
 1688, p. 1237. Portrait, plate 55. F. L. Becher, Die Mineralogen G. Agricola und 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta BrandenburgiccE, 1699, Werner, Freiberg, 1819. 
 p. 63. Ersch und Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopadie, 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian Liter- 1819, ii. 211. 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, Th. iii. 531. Biographic Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke, i. p. 64. 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura, 1710, p. 585. Dezeimeris, Diet. Hist, de la Medecine, 1828, 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1714, i. p. 261 ; ii. 280, 310, i. 54. 
 403. Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 269. 
 
 Teissier, Les Eloges des Homines Savans, Leyde, Atkinson, Medical Bibliography, 1834, p. 100. 
 1715, i. 217. Biographie Universette (1843), i. p. 242. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire, Amst., 1730, i. p. 99. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. 42; 1869, 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, ii. p. 38. 
 1731, I. i. p. 50. Bayle et Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der medicin ischen i. 189. 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 590-594. Nouvelle Biographie Gfnirale (1857), i. col. 410. 
 
 Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1732, i. col. 819. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1875), i. p. 143. 
 
 Jacob Leupold's Prodromus Bibliotheca Metal- Article by Gtimbel. 
 licee, ed. Bruckmann, 1732, p. n. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. 40. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lex. 1740, p. 31. 
 
 AGRICOLA QOHANN). 
 
 Erster Theil Joannis Agricolae P. & M.D. Commentariorum, Notarum, 
 Observationum & Animadversionum in Johannis Poppii Chymische Medicin, 
 darinnen alle Procefs mit fleifs examinirt, von den Irrungen corrigirt, vnd 
 mit etlich hundert newen Processen, geheimen HandgrifTen, aus eigener 
 Erfahrung vermehrt vnd illustrirt, Auch der rechte vnd warhafftige Gebrauch 
 der Artzeneyen, mit etlich hundert Historien verificirt, Darneben was in 
 Chirurgia vnd Alchimia oder transmutatione metallorum damit zu verrichten 
 griindlichen offenbahret alien Standes-Personen, Medicis, Chirurgis, Chymicis, 
 Balbirern, Feld-Scherern, Rofs-artzten, Goldschmieden, vnd alien Haus- 
 Wirthen hochnutzlich zu lesen vnd zu gebrauchen. 
 
 Hipp, de Elegantia. Oportet sapientiam transferre ad medicinam, & 
 medicinam ad sapientiam. Medicus enim Philosophus est Deo 
 asqualis. 
 
 Mit Rom. Kayserl. Majest. vnd Churf. Sachs. Privilegiis 
 Leipzig, In verlegung Thomse Schiirers S. Erben, vnd Matthias Gotzen. Ged- 
 ruckt bey Gregorio Ritzschen, Im Jahr 1638. 
 
 4. Pp. [18, including the portrait and engraved title ; 8] 610. Index [67, i blank]. 
 Printed title red and black. 
 
 The engraved title in the first part is as follows : 
 
 loannis Agricolae Palatini P. & M. D. Commentaria Et observationes, In die 
 Chymische Artzeney Johannis Poppii In welchen viel gewaltige geheime handgriffe, 
 auch etlich hundert gantz newe Procefs beides in Medicina vnd Chirurgia so wohl 
 auch Alchymia oder transmutatione metallorum gefunden werden. Allen Standes 
 Personen hochnutzlich zu lesen. In verlegung Thomas Schurers Erben vnd Matthiae 
 Gotzen. Cum Privilegijs H. Jac. Gabler sculp. 
 
12 
 
 A GRICOLAA GRIP PA 
 
 AGRICOLA (JOHANN). Continued. 
 
 This is surrounded by symbols. Sitting on the 
 top with legs wide apart is a sooty, winged, horned, 
 two-visaged demon, holding an axe in his right 
 hand, and a torch in his left. In the background 
 is a hilly country and a town. At mid-distance is 
 a column, on the top of which is the Earth-ball, 
 with a salamander or lizard creeping round it ; 
 below is a negro's head, and a shield with an 
 inscription is hung to the pillar. In front of this is 
 a river with a shallop drawn by two swans, and in 
 
 the foreground is an aged man, from whom springs 
 a tree, and from his toes, fingers, nostrils, mouth, 
 and hair, issue smoke and flames. At the top of 
 the tree is Mercury holding the caduceus. 
 
 This engraved title is caricatured in Kirsten's 
 Adversaria, but not cleverly. 
 
 Prefixed is a portrait of the author, by Joannes 
 Michael, Phil. & Med., D. Phys. Prof. Publ. 
 
 MS. notes. 
 
 Ander Theil 
 
 1639. 
 
 4. Pp. [15, i blank] 999. [i blank.] 
 
 John Agricola, born in the Palatinate, travelled 
 much, was a distinguished surgeon and physician, 
 had a great practice at Leipzig, and was a strong 
 supporter of Paracelsus, and of chemical remedies. 
 He wrote some chirurgical works. According to 
 the portrait in the first volume he was in his 
 forty-ninth year in 1638 ; and according to that 
 prefixed to the Chirurgia Parva, Niirnberg, 1674, 
 he was aged fifty-four in 1643. The present work 
 contains long dissertations on gold, silver, mercury, 
 lead, and their compounds, on vitriol, antimony, 
 sulphur, arsenic, tartar, acetic acid, salt, nitre, sal 
 ammoniac, and a number of other substances. 
 The book is interesting as having been written at a 
 
 transition time, when alchemy, pharmacy, and 
 chemistry had all been attracted by a community 
 of methods and aims, just before they started on 
 their subsequently different courses. Agricola con- 
 fined himself chiefly to the medical side of the 
 subject, but he is the authority for certain reported 
 cases of transmutation quoted in Die Edelgeborne 
 Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 241, 258, 259. 
 
 For his medical writings see Haller, Bibl. 
 Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 325 ; Bibl. Medicincc 
 practice, 1779, iii. p. 4. In the same, ii. p. 448, 
 he quotes other works by a J. Agricola, but 
 hesitates about the identity of the two writers. 
 Probably they were the same. 
 
 See DETHARDING (GEORG), Chymischer Probir-Ofen, 1648. 
 See DETHARDING (GEORG), Scriptum illusivum, 1647. 
 See KIRSTEN (GEORG), Adversaria, 1648. 
 
 These are attacks upon Agricola's Commentaria. 
 
 AGRICOLA QOHANN WILHELM). 
 Geschichte des Feuer-Wassers. 
 
 See MAGAZIN fur die hohere . . . chemie, 1784, i. p. 217 
 
 This is an account of a menstruum which acted 
 on the metals and their compounds, and on gems, 
 the diamond, ruby, sapphire, and so on, "when 
 prepared in a certain way," and on animal and 
 vegetable bodies. The experiments were conducted 
 in glass vessels, but the source of the substance 
 
 and mode of preparation are not mentioned. A 
 solvent which would attack those substances would 
 be interesting. 
 
 This author appears to be of later date than the 
 J. W. Agricola referred to by Haller, Bibl. Med. 
 Pract, 1777, " P 7 1 &- 
 
 AGRICOLA RHOMBUS. See RHOMBUS (AGRICOLA). 
 
 AGRIPPA (HEINRICH CORNELIUS) von Nettesheym. 
 
 Henrici Cornelii Agrippae ab Nettesheym a Consiliis et Archiuis Inditiatij 
 sacrae Caesareae Maiestatis : De Occulta Philosophia Libri Tres. Henricus 
 Cornelius Agrippa. [Portrait.] 
 Nihil est opertum quod non reueletur, & occultum quod non sciatur. 
 
 Matthaei X. 
 
 Cum gratia & priuilegio Caesareae Maiestatis ad triennium. 
 
 Small folio. Pp. [xii.] ccclxii. [2 blank]. Woodcuts in the text. MS. notes. 
 
 Colophon: Occvltae Philosophiae Henrici Cornelij Agrippae, Finis. Anno M.D.XXXIII. 
 
 Mense lulio. 
 
 however, in the edition of his collected works 
 mentioned below. A French translation of the 
 three books was made by A. Levasseur, and 
 published at La Haye, 1727, 2 vols., 8. 
 
 The portrait of the author on the title-page of 
 the present volume is not the earliest, but it is 
 doubtless an authentic likeness of him at the time. 
 Several other portraits of him exist, however, differ- 
 ing from this one in certain respects. 
 
 The first book was first printed by itself at Antwerp, 
 by J. Grapheus, in 1531, 4, and simultaneously by 
 Christianus Wechelus, at Paris. Both editions are 
 exceedingly rare. The three books were first 
 printed at Cologne by Johannes Soter, in 1533. 
 There are four or five issues of this date, dis- 
 tinguished by typographical differences. In 1565, 
 thirty years after Agrippa's death, appeared a 
 fourth book, which is spurious. It is included, 
 
AGRIPPAALAMANUS 13 
 
 AGRIPPA (HEINRICH CORNELIUS) von Nettesheym. Continued, 
 
 Three Books of Occult Philosophy, Written by Henry Cornelius Agrippa, of 
 Nettesheim, Counsellor to Charles the Fifth, Emperor of Germany : and ludge 
 of the Prerogative Court. Translated out of the Latin into the English 
 Tongue, by J. F. London, Printed by R. W. for Gregory Moule, and are 
 to be sold at the Sign of the three Bibles neer the West-end of Pauls. 1651. 
 
 Small 4. Pp. [4, 24] 583. i blank. Index [12]. Woodcuts in the text of figures, 
 letters, diagrams, symbols, etc. i folding table or characters. Preceding the title is a 
 portrait of Agrippa, and an Encomium on the Work by Eugenius Philalethes (i.e. 
 Thomas Vaughan) in Verse. J. F. is J. Freake, according to Lowndes. 
 
 The fourth book of the Occult Philosophy was There is a rather ramshackle edition of the 
 
 translated by Robert Turner, and was published at Occult Philosophy edited by Willis F. Whitehead, 
 
 London, 1655, in small 4. This, though not by Chicago, 1898. It contains Book I. only, and the 
 
 Agrippa, is much sought after on account of its volume is made up with extracts from Morley's 
 
 extreme rarity. It was re-published at London in Life of Agrippa, and other matter. The other 
 
 1665, 4, and in 1783, 8. books are promised, but I have not seen them. 
 
 Henrici Cornelii Agrippae ab Nettesheym, Armatae Militias Equitis Aurati, et luris 
 vtriusque ac Medicinse Doctoris, Opera. In Duos Tomos concinne digesta, 
 & nunc denub, sublatis omnibus mendis, in ^tAo/zowcov gratiam accuratissime 
 recusa. Quibus post omnium editiones de nouo accessit Ars Notoria, vt satis 
 indicat Catalogus post prgefationem positus. Lugduni, Per Beringos Fratres. 
 
 No date. 
 
 8. Pp. [23, i blank] 694. i leaf blank. 10 folding tables of Hebrew letters. 
 Vol. II. Pp. [16] 663. Index [17], There is a bad portrait of Agrippa on the verso 
 of the title of Volume I. Woodcuts, diagrams, symbols, etc. , in the text. It is printed 
 in Roman character. To complete this copy there is wanted a continuation of Vol. II., 
 pp. 681-1156, containing the Epistles and the ten declamations, as mentioned in the 
 Contents. 
 
 Agrippa has left no writing upon Alchemy or of an oath which prevented him revealing all he 
 
 Chemistry, but he tells in the Occult Philosophy could, and in another of his letters (Lib. I. viii. 
 
 (Lib. I. c. xiv.) that he had tried transmutation, p. 7) refers to a society, the members of which were 
 
 but had found that to make gold, gold was needed, scattered in various places, and for admission to 
 
 and that with the extracted essence or spirit of which a vow or oath had to be registered. This 
 
 gold he never could make more gold than that from society , may have been for the prosecution of 
 
 which the spirit had been got. In one letter (Lib. alchemical or other secret investigation. See the 
 
 IV. Epist. 56, p. 204) he narrates with a spice of section on Agrippa as an alchemist in Scbelhorn's 
 
 mockery that he had got some "seeds of gold" Amoenitates Literariae, 1730, ii., pp. 562-567. 
 which had been planted and fostered, and that he For the various editions of Agrippa's writings 
 
 was expecting every day the fruit of the dear metal, see the Appendices in the work of Auguste Prost, 
 
 and signs himself Auratissimus. It does not Corneille Agrippa, Sa Vie et ses Oeuvres, Paris, 
 
 seem to have been "gathered, for he was always 1881-82, and a paper by me on the editions of 
 
 poor, and in his declamation Alchemy also is Agrippa's two chief works, read to the Biblio- 
 
 shown to be vanity (De Incertitudine, 1530, sig. graphical Society of Edinburgh, November, 1898. 
 
 014). In what he says, however, there is a hint of It also contains a list of authorities, 
 some mystery which he must not disclose, speaks 
 
 AICHA (JOHANN BAPTIST GROSSCHEDEL AB). 
 
 See GROSSCHEDEL AB AICHA (j. B.). 
 
 ALAMANUS, DE BONONIA. 
 Vollkommen Werck. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 64. 
 
 Sendschreiben von Erklarung der Geheimnisse der alten Weltweisen. 
 Ibid. p. 82. 
 
 Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sognitre, (q.v.). As the first of the above tracts opens with 
 
 1599, p. 136 (q.v.) quotes: 'Alemanij de Bohemia an address to Boniface VIII., I have no doubt that 
 
 tract, de Lapide philosophico ad Bonifacium these entries refer to the same writer. Whether he 
 
 octauum pontificem,' which is quoted again from belonged to Bologna or to Bohemia I am not 
 
 Nazari by Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 8 certain. 
 
ALANUS ALBERTI 
 
 ALANUS DE INSULIS. 
 Dicta. 
 
 See APPENDIX ad faciliorem Radicis Chymiae intellectum, p. 84. 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Von der Hermetischenn Philosophia, 1582. 
 See BENHARDUS TREVISANUS, Chymische Schrifften, 1746 and 1747, p. 307. 
 See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. 335. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (DER) PHILOSOPHUS, 1709, p. 304. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 721. 
 
 See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, p. 152. 
 
 Prefixed to the last reprint is a note dated Gouda, April i, 1598, by Justus a 
 Balbian, who edited a volume of alchemical tracts, Leyden, 1599, pp. 86, which 
 contains the Dicta Alani. The copy he saw was in German, and he translated it into 
 Latin. With the exception of the Latin reprint in the Theatrum Chemicum, all the 
 preceding are in German. 
 
 Alanus de Insulis is Alain de Lille, surnamed 
 Doctor Universalis, for his universal knowledge. 
 The only thing known about him with some 
 approach to certainty is that he lived between 1128 
 and 1202 or 1203, that he entered the Cistercian 
 order at Clairvaux, taught in Paris, and became 
 Bishop of Auxerre. Several works by him, all in 
 verse, have been printed, a list of which is given by 
 Rrial in the article on Alain in Histoire Litttraire de 
 In France, Paris, 1824, t. xvi., pp. 396-425, where also 
 will be found a list of authorities. Brial doubts the 
 authenticity of the Dicta, and thinks that as they 
 seem to have been written originally in German, 
 they must have had some other Alanus than the 
 
 universal doctor for their author. Fictuld (Probier- 
 Stein, i. 6) says that the author was Albertus 
 Cranzius, who wrote in 1430, and that the printing 
 of them was promoted in 1512 by Johann Gier of 
 Rothenberg. Because he is one of the clearest 
 writers Fictuld "recommends him for begin- 
 ners," whereas Borrichius (Conspectus Scriptorum 
 Chemicorum, 1697, p. 25) says : ' Dicta Alani 
 nubila sunt, & provectum requirunt lectorem ' ! See 
 Schmieder, Gtsctiichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 128 ; 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 348 ; 
 1866, i. p. 368. For the philosophy of Alain de 
 Lille, see Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des 
 Mittelalters, Mainz, 1864, i. p. 411. 
 
 ALBERT (L') MODERNE, Ou Nouveaux Secrets e'prouve's, et licites, recueillis 
 d'apres les de"couvertes les plus recentes. Les uns ayant pour objet de 
 remedier a un grand nombre d'accidens qui inte'ressent la sant : Les 
 autres, quantite de choses utiles a scavoir pour les differens besoins de la 
 vie : D'autres, enfin tout ce qui concerne le pur agrement, tant aux Champs 
 qu'a la Ville. Le tout divise en trois parties, & range par ordre alpha- 
 betique. A Paris, Chez la Veuve Duchesne, Libraire, rue St. Jacques, 
 au Temple du Gout. M.DCC.LXVIII. Avec Approbation & Privilege 
 du Roi. 
 
 12. Pp. xxiv. 430 [2], 
 
 Second edition, Paris, 1769 ; reprinted, Basle, 
 1770. Third edition, Paris, 1770. New edition, 
 Paris, 1790, 2 vols. Fourth edition, Paris, 1793, 
 3 vols. All these are in 12. 
 
 This is a collection of useful and curious receipts, 
 and the author is careful to point out that it has 
 
 ALBERTI (MICHAEL). 
 
 See BEHR (GEORG HEINRICH), 1738. 
 
 Albert! wrote a preface to Behr's Dictionary. 
 He lived from 1628 to 1757, was one of the most 
 distinguished physicians of his time in Germany, 
 and was a member of the Leopoldine and Berlin 
 Societies. His most notable works are those on 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung sur Hist, der medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 375. 
 
 Mangel, Bibl. Scriptor. Medicorum, 1731, I. i. 
 p. 57, with some reviews. 
 
 Biichner, Academia . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 489, No. 297. 
 
 nothing in common with the secrets of the great or 
 little Albert, of which, indeed, he confesses he is 
 ashamed, both for their freedom and their folly. 
 
 See "Notes on . . . Books of Secrets, Part IV.," 
 Trans. Archeeol. Soc. Glasgow, 1888, N.S. I. 
 p. 329 ; "Supplement III." Ibid. 1898, iii. p. 420. 
 
 Systematic Medicine, Halle, 1718, and on Medi- 
 cal Jurisprudence, Halle, 1725, edited by Chr. 
 Thomasius. He was author also of a host of 
 academical dissertations on Medicine and related 
 topics, of which a list is given by Haller. 
 
 Haller, Bibl. Medicines Pract., 1788, iv. pp. 386- 
 404. He also refers for his life to 
 
 Brucker, Ehrentempel deutscher Gelehrsamkeit , 
 iv. Nr. 180. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 362610. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 'Chemin, 
 1803, p. 71. (Papers about salts.) 
 
ALBERTIALBERTUS 15 
 
 ALBERTI (MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke, i. pp. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1875, i. p. 214, 
 
 95-109, with a long list of his dissertations. article by Hirsch. 
 
 ~Dezeiri\eris,DictionnairehistoriquedelaMe'decine, Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicin, 
 
 1828. i. p. 67. 1881, ii. p. 1083. 
 
 James Atkinson, Medical Bibliography, 1834, Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorra- 
 
 p. 150. genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1884, i., 
 
 Ba} r le et Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. p. 85, article by Magnus, 
 p. 204. 
 
 ALBERTUS MAGNUS. 
 
 Albertus Magnus de Secretis Mulierum Item De Virtutibus Herbarum Lapidum 
 et Animalium. Amstelodami, Apud Henricum et Theod. Boom. A. 1669. 
 
 24. Pp. 329. Index [6, i blank J. Engraved title-page. There is a Prooemium ; 
 then the De Secretis from p. 10 to p. 118. Liber Aggregations from p. 118 to p. 158 ; 
 De mirabilibus Mundi from p. 158 to p. 203. Michael Scotus, De Secretis Naturae, 
 from p. 204 to 329. There are two issues of this date one is distinguished by having 
 the following errata in the pagination : 56 for 65 ; 130 for 230 ; 135 for 235 ; 139 for 
 239 ; 151 for 251. 
 
 No tracts used to be more popular than those of that they are not by Albertus. There is in actual 
 Albertus Magnus and Michael Scotus. They began circulation at the present time a chap-book in 
 to be printed in the fifteenth century, and passed three parts containing charms, receipts, sym- 
 through a very great number of editions both pathetical and magical cures for man and 
 separately and conjoined (as here). For notices of animals, all the superstition of a few centuries 
 some fifty editions of Albertus ; see "Notes on . . . back, which passes under the name of Albertus, but 
 Books of Secrets" in the Trans. Archatol. Socy. has no connection with the present book or with 
 Glasgow, 188210 1898, for the editions printed by Albertus Parvus. The title is: Albertus Magnus : 
 Machlinia, a paper in the Archteologia, London, being the approved . . . Egyptian Secrets ; or, 
 1886, vol. xlix. ; and for Michael Scotus, a paper White and Black Art for Man and Beast. Trans- 
 read to the Archaeological Society of Glasgow, lated from the German. It is without place or 
 April 15, 1886. Whether or not these tracts are date, and each bookseller stamps his name on the 
 to be ascribed to Henry of Saxony, a scholar of copies he sells. It is in small square 8, pp. 160. 
 Alhertus', as is done by some, it is almost certain 
 
 [Alberti Magni Compendium, oder Kurtzer Begriffvom Ursprung und Matena 
 der Metallen, worauff ein Spagyrus seine griindliche Principia fest setzen 
 konne. 
 
 Den Frommen ist die Kunst kurtz, und leicht zu verstehen, 
 Die Bosen immerdar darinnen irre gehen.] 
 s. 1. & a. 
 
 Small 8. Pp. 209-217. This is a fragment from the Alchymistisch Sieben- 
 Gestirn, 1675 (q.v.). 
 
 De Alchymia liber. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verre alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 78. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 423. 
 
 Collectanea ex Alberto. 
 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, f. 180. 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 420. 
 
 Compendium vom Ursprung und Materia der Metallen. 
 See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- 2O 9- 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 123. 
 
 Compositum de Compositis. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 825. 
 
 De Concordantia Philosophorum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 809. 
 
i6 
 
 ALBERTUS 
 
 ALBERTUS MAGNUS. Continued. 
 Lapis Albert! Magni Rebis. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 273. 
 See REBIS. 
 
 Liber Octo Capitulorum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 841. 
 
 Scriptum super arborem Aristotelis. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 102. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 456. 
 
 Secretorum Tractatus. 
 
 See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . volumen tertium, 1610, p. 121. 
 
 Semita Semitse. 
 
 See SEMITA SEMITE. 
 
 Though Albertus Magnus believed in transmuta- 
 tion in a certain sense and may have experimented 
 in it, he was not a professed alchemist, or one of 
 marked authority, and most if not all of the pre- 
 ceding writings are probably spurious. 
 
 Albertus called Groot or Grotus as his family 
 name according to some, Magnus on account of his 
 acquirements according to others, was born in 
 1192, or 1194, or 1206 there seems to be some 
 doubt about it, though 1194 is usually preferred 
 in Swabia, of the family of Bolstadt, went to Pavia, 
 became a Dominican in 1222, taught Philosophy 
 and Theology with great renown in Germany and 
 finally at Pans, and became Provincial of his Order 
 at Cologne in 1254. In 1260 he was made bishop 
 of Regenspurg ; resigned after three years, and re- 
 Paolo Giovio, Le Inscrittioni paste sotto le vere 
 Imagini de gli Huomini famosi in Lettere, Venetia, 
 1558, P- 12. 
 
 Paolo Giovio, Elogia virorum literis illustrium, 
 1577, p. 5 (with a portrait). 
 
 Trievet, Les Vrais Pout-traits et Vies des Homines 
 illustres, 1584, f. 121 (with a portrait). 
 
 J. F. Picus Mirandulanus, De Auro libri tres, 
 Venetiis, 1586, pp. 33, 34, 61, etc. 
 
 Nicolaus Reusner, f cones , , . virorum literis 
 illustrinm, 1587, sig. Aj. 
 
 Jan. Jac. Koissardus, /cones Quinquaginta Vir- 
 orum, 1597, i. 66 ; 1598, iii. p. 2. 
 
 N. Guibertus, Alchymia . . . impugnata et ex- 
 pugnala, Argent., 1603, Lib. II. c. vii. (on the 
 supposititious works of Thomas and Albertus), 
 P- 65- 
 
 Tobias Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, 1614, 
 p. 9. 
 
 Naud6, Apologie pour tons les grands Personnages 
 . . . soupconnez de Magie, 1625, p. 516. English 
 translation, 1657, p. 242. 
 
 G. J. Vossius, De Universes Mathesios Natura 
 et Constitutione Liber, 1660, p. 362. (Third part of 
 De Quatuor Artibus Popularibus . . , Libri tres, 
 Amst. , 1660.) 
 
 Thevet, Histoires des plus illustres et scavans 
 Hommes de leurs Siecles, 1670, ii. p. 85 (with a 
 portrait). 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum ernditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1220 (with a portrait, plate 65). 
 
 Wm. Cave, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum His- 
 toria literaria, 1688, i. p. 731. 
 
 Trithemius, Annales Hirsaugienses, 1690, i. 
 pp. 592-4 (the magic banquet) ; 603, 610 (at 
 
 sumed teaching ; preached a crusade in Germany 
 and Bohemia, was at the Council of Lyons in 1274, 
 and died at Cologne in 1280. He had fame as a 
 man of universal learning, skilled in Mathematics, 
 Chemistry, and Mechanics, and enjoyed the renown 
 of a wizard, from which aspersion it is quite un- 
 necessary to vindicate him. 
 
 His works were printed in the fifteenth century, 
 and afterwards in various editions. Naud6 stated 
 that if they were all collected they would be found 
 to be nearly as voluminous as those of his pupil 
 Thomas Aquinas. They were ultimately collected 
 by Peter lammy, and published at Leyden, 1651, 
 in twenty-one volumes, folio. There are multitu- 
 dinous notices of Albert from every point of view. 
 The following are a few of these : 
 
 Ratisbon) ; ii. 39 (his death) ; 40 (writings ; not a 
 magician ; his works on magic and alchemy are 
 spurious). 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenbitrgica;, 1699, 
 
 P- 85- 
 
 Dupin, Nouvelle Bibliotheqne des Auteurs Ecclesi- 
 astiques, Paris (1700), T. X. p. 72. 
 
 Paschius, De novis inventis . . . tractatus, 1700, 
 p. 580 (the magic banquet) ; p 694 (the brazen head). 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 ariam derer Tentschen (1709), ii. 126, 160, 162, 
 207, 242, 261, 297, 302, 308, 316, 329, 332, 470. 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura Celebrium Authorum, 
 1710, p. 416. 
 
 Queiif & Echard, Scriptores Ordinis Pr&dica- 
 tornm, 1719, i. pp. 162-183. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historiqne, 1730, i. p. 129. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallicce, 
 ed. Franc. Ernest. Bruckmann, 1732, p. 13 (List of 
 editions of the ' De Secretis Mulierum,' and ' Liber 
 Aggregationis. ') 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, Lubecae, 1732, passim. 
 
 Heumann, Via ad Historiam literariam, Hano- 
 verne, 1732, Ed. tert. C. IV. xxxviii. p. 108 ; 
 and xlii. p. 115. 
 
 Zedler, Universal Lexicon (1732), i. col. 999. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 
 1736, PP. 397, 564- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Htstoire de la Philosoplnt 
 hermctique, 1742, i. 119, 466, iii. 35, 38, 50, 55, 
 
 83- 84- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 203. 
 
 Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire histcrique, 1759, 
 i. 269. 
 
ALBERTUSALBINE US 
 
 ALBERTUS MAGNUS. Continued. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, iii. 
 pp. 788-798, and vi. 593-4. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 222, ii. 
 P- 659. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chiriirgica, 1774, i. p. 153. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1776, i. 
 
 P- 433- 
 
 Ruble in Ersch & Grubers Allgemeine Ency- 
 clopddie, 1819, ii. p. 364 (with references). 
 
 Biographic M&dicale, Paris, Panckoucke, n.d. 
 (1820-25), i. p. 91. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, i. 
 pp. 535, 541. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mlde- 
 cine, 1828, i. p. 66. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 132. 
 
 Atkinson, Medical Bibliography, 1834, pp. 68-74. 
 
 Ernst H. F. Meyer, "Albertus Magnus; ein 
 Beitrag zur Geschichte der Botanik im dreizehnten 
 Jahrhundert." Linnaea, 1836, x. pp. 641-741; 
 Zweiter Beitrag. Ibid. 1837, xi. pp. 545-595. 
 
 Emil Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin, 1840, 
 p. 215. 
 
 Hoefer, Htstoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 358 ; 
 1866, i. p. 379. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1843, i. p. 333. 
 
 L. Choulant in Henschel's Janus, 1845, PP- 
 127-160. 
 
 F. A. Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Nature lies 
 an Moyen Age ou Albert le Grand et son Epoque, 
 Paris, 1853, 8. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 p. no. 
 
 ALBERTUS PARVUS. 
 
 Secrets Merveilleux de la Magie Naturelle & Cabalistique du Petit Albert, 
 traduits exactement sur 1'original Latin, intitule Alberti Parvi Lucii Libellus 
 de mirabilibus naturae arcanis. Enrichi de figures miste'rieuses, & de la 
 maniere de les faire. Nouvelle edition corrigee & augmentee. A Lion. 
 Chez les Heritiers de Beringos Fratres, a 1'Enseigne d'Agrippa. M.DCCXLIII. 
 
 12. Title, Avertissement, Table, Pp. [12]. Text, 252. Title red and black. 
 4 Woodcuts in the text. 10 Engraved plates. 
 
 There are numerous reprints of this well-known an Alchemical book. For other editions see my 
 collection of magical absurdities and impossibilities. " Bibliographical Notes on . . . Books of Secrets, 
 One of the best things it contains is the receipt to Part IV." Trans. Archaeol. Soc. Glasgow, N.S. 
 make the "hand of glory," with a drawing of the 1888, vol. i. p. 333. 
 hand holding the necromantic candle. It is not 
 
 Nisard, Histoire des Livres populaires, 1854, i. p. 209. 
 
 ALBINEUS (NATHAN). 
 
 Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta ex delectu & emendatione Nathanis Albinei 
 D. M. In gratiam & commodum artis Chemicas studiosorum. Genevae, 
 Sumpt. loannis Ant. & Samuelis de Tournes. M.DC.LIII. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 8 [2] 179 [i blank] : [n, i blank] 83 [i blank] : n [3] 175 [i blank] : 
 77 [i blank]. General title red and black. 
 
 Joachim Sighart, Albertus Magnus, sein Leben 
 und seine Wissenschafl, Regensburg, 1857, 8, 
 with a portrait and other two illustrations. (He 
 takes no notice of his chemistry or alchemy and 
 mentions the present tracts only to say that they 
 are spurious.) 
 
 Hoefer, Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1857, i. 
 col. 588 (with references). 
 
 Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 
 Konigsberg, 1857, iv. pp. 9-84. (Though bearing 
 specially on Albertus as a botanist this article treats 
 also of his science generally.) 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina mediae et infimce 
 Aetatis, 1858, i. p. 42 (enumerates the treatises in 
 the collected works). 
 
 Graesse, Trtsor, 1859, i. p. 56. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters, 
 1865, ii. p. 352. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, 
 i. p. 80, note 61. 
 
 Octave d'Assailly, Albert Le Grand, Vancien 
 Monde devant le nouveau, Paris, 1870, vol. i. , 8. 
 
 La.6.rz.g\ie.,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 701-704. 
 
 v. Hertling, article in Allgemeine Deutsche Bio- 
 graphie, 1875, i. p. 186 (with references). 
 
 J. Bach, Des Alberti Magni Verhdltniss xu der 
 Erkenntnisslehre der Griechen, Lateiner, Araber 
 und Juden, Wien, 1881, 8. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 16, 141, 157, 
 159, 196, 248 ; ii. 305, 326, 340, 378, 383, 393. 
 
 The treatises contained in this collection are : 
 
 1. Hermes, Tabula Smaragdina. 
 
 2. Espagnet, Enchiridion Physicce restitutes, 
 
 3. Espagnet, Arcanum Hermeticce Philosophic. 
 Opus. 
 
 4. Sendivogius, Novum Lumen Chemicum. 
 
 5. Sendivogius, De Sulphure Tractatus. 
 
 6. Augurellus, Chrysopceia et Vellus Aureum. 
 
 7. Albineus, Carmen Aureum. 
 
 Of these, numbers 2, 3, 4 have separate titles, 
 signatures, and pagination. No. i is in the intro- 
 
 duction ; 5 and 6 have bastard titles, 6 and 7 have 
 signatures and pagination together by themselves. 
 According to the table of contents Augurello's 
 poems should come first and Espagnet's tracts last, 
 but they have been transposed in binding. Albin- 
 eus' " sEnigma Hexastichum " is contained in the 
 "Praefatio." See further under the respective 
 authors. Schmieder (Die Alchemie, 1832, p. 418) 
 mentions an edition of 1663. 
 
18 ALBINEUS ALCHEMIA 
 
 ALBINEUS (NATHAN). Continued. 
 
 Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta ex delectu & emendatione Nathanis Albinei 
 Doctoris Medici. In gratiam & commodum Artis Chemicae studiosorum. 
 Colonise Allobrogum, Sumpt. I. Ant. & Samuelis de Tournes. M.DC.LXXIII. 
 
 8. Pp. [14]; 78 ; ii [2, i blank]; 175 [i blank]. General title red and black. 
 
 The tracts in this edition are : Hermes, Tabula There was an edition of Sendivogius' two tracts 
 
 Smaragdina, at the end of the preface ; Augurellus, and of Augurello's poems printed at Geneva by 
 
 Chrysopoeia and Vellus Aureum ; Albineus, Carmen Jean de Tournes in 1639. This was edited by 
 
 Aureum and sEnigma ; Sendivogius, Novum Albineus, but Espagnet's tracts are not contained 
 
 Lumen Chemicum and Tractatus de Snlphure. in the volume. See SENDIVOGIUS (Michael). 
 
 There is a bastard title to Augurello's poems ; Gmelin (Gesch. der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 620) calls 
 
 and a separate title, preface and pagination to him 'Matth.,' and in the index ' Albinus." He 
 
 Sendivogius' tracts. According to the table this quotes the editions of Geneva 1653, 1663, 1673, and 
 
 edition should also contain Espagnet's two tracts, Cologne, 1673, 8. Schmieder also speaks of this 
 
 Enchiridion and Arcanum Opus, but these do Cologne edition. I have not seen any such, and it 
 
 not appear to have been included in this copy. is possible that Colonia Allobrogum, Geneva, has 
 
 This is a reprint of the other edition, with the been mistaken for Colonia Agrippina, Cologne. 
 Enigma verbally altered and eight lines added. 
 
 Carmen Aureum et ^Enigma. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1 702, ii. p. 387. 
 
 ALCHALI. 
 
 Caput de Sale Alchali. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verai Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 258. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. l8o. 
 
 ALCHEMIA. 
 
 In Hoc Volumine De Alchemia continentur haec. 
 Gebri Arabis, Philosophi solertissimi, rerumq'; naturalium, 
 
 prsecipue metallicarum peritissimi, 
 
 De inuestigatioe /^rfectionis metallorww. Liber I. 
 
 Summse perfectionis metallorum, siue perfecti magisterij. Libri II. 
 r Quce sequuntur, omnia mine prinrit excusa sunt. 
 
 Eiusdem De inuentione ueritatis seu perfectionis metallorum. Liber I. 
 De Fornacibus construendis. Liber I. 
 
 Item. 
 
 Speculu Alchemise, doctissimi uiri Rogerij Bachonis. 
 Correctoriu Alchemise doctiss. uiri Richardi Anglici. 
 Rosarius minor, de Alchemia, Incerti authoris. 
 Liber Secretoru Alchemise Calidis filij lazichi ludaei. 
 Tabula Smaragdina de Alchemia, Hermetis Trismeg. 
 
 Hortulani philosophi, super Tabulam Smaragdinam Hermetis Commentarius. 
 Omnia collatis exemplaribus, emedatissima, nouoq'; modo ad mete authoru 
 distincta, & argumetis atq; picturis necessarijs illustrata, ita ut merito ia 
 renata uideri queat. Norimbergas apud loh. Petreium, Anno M.D.XLI. 
 
 4. Pp. [20] 373. [2, i blank ; i, i blank]. 16 woodcuts. 
 
 ALCHEMIA (DE) Dialog! Duo. 
 See BRACESCHI (GIOVANNI). 
 
 ALCHEMIA (DE) Incerti Authoris. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. i. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 5. 
 
 This is also entitled LIBER de Magni lapidis Compositione et Operatione, q.v. 
 
ALCHEMIAALCHIMIA 
 
 ALCHEMIA VERA. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO). 
 
 Another collection with the same title : Akhimia 
 vera, but in German, was printed at Frankfurt, 
 1604, according to the Beytrag zur Geschichte der 
 hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 587. The editor's 
 initials (?) are I. P. S. M. S. A copy of this book, 
 
 apparently, is contained in the Bibliotheque Ouvar- 
 off, 1870, No. 607, but the initials there are 
 J. P. S. H. M. S., and the book is said to be without 
 place, date (but 1604), and printer's name. It 
 contains 15 tracts of whch a list is given. 
 
 ALCHEMISCHER WEGWEISSER. 
 
 See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 177. 
 
 ALCHIMEY-SPIEGEL. 
 
 See CAESAR (THEOPHILUS). 
 
 ALCHIMIA, Das 1st Alle Farben, Wasser, Olea, Salia, vnd Alumina, damit 
 man alle Corpora, Spiritus vnd Calces Praeparirt, Sublimirt vnd Fixirt, 
 zubereyten. Vnd wie man diese ding nutze, auff das Sol und Luna warden 
 moge. Auch von Solviren vnd Scheidung aller Metall, Polierung allerhand 
 Edelgestein, fiirtrefflichen Wassern zum Etzen, Scheiden vnd Solviren : Vnd 
 zuletzt wie die gifftige Dampff zuverhuten, ein kurtzer Bericht, &c. Cum 
 Gratia & Priuilegio Imp. Franckfurt am Mayn, in verlegung Vincentii 
 Steinmeyers, Jm Jahr MDCXIII. 
 
 8. Pp. 130. Index [3] ; colophon [i] ; 2 blank. Title red and black. Pp. 7-15 
 contain woodcuts of different kinds of furnaces. The colophon runs thus : Gedruckt 
 zu Darmbstatt, bey Balthasar Hofmann, in verlegung Vincentii Steinmeyers : Im lahr 
 MDCXIII. Hofmann printed the Alchimey-Spiegel (q.v.) in the same year. 
 
 The first edition I know of was printed at Stras- 
 burg by Cammerlander in 1539. The book has no 
 author's name, but it may have been compiled by a 
 certain Petrus Kertzenmacher, who wrote a preface 
 which appears in the 1570 and subsequent issues. 
 The compiler has taken not only a number of the 
 receipts but the title as well from the Rechter 
 Gebrauch d'Alchimei, 1531 (q.v.). The second 
 part deals with what was thought to be transmuta- 
 
 tion and with the separation of gold and silver, 
 and appended is the treatise of Gilbertus Cardinal 
 (q.v.) upon solution of metals, polishing of gems, 
 and similar practical applications of chemistry. 
 For the different editions see my paper on ' ' Some 
 Early Treatises on Technological Chemistry," 
 Proceedings Phil. Soc., Glasgow, 1887-88, vol. xix. 
 pp. 126-159, and "Supplement," Ibid. 1893-94, vol. 
 xxv. pp. 224-235. 
 
 ALCHIMIA. 
 
 De Alchimia Opuscula complura veterum philosophorum, quorum catalogum 
 sequens pagella indicabit. Cum gratia & Priuilegio Caesareo. 
 
 s.l. a. & typ. n. 
 
 4. Ff. [3, T blank] 168. Vignette on the title. On f. 168 verso the printer's device. 
 
 Rosarium Philosophorum. Secunda Pars Alchimise de Lapide Philosophico vero 
 modo praeparando, continens exactam eius scientiae progressionem. Cum Figuris rei 
 perfectionem ostendentibus. 
 
 Sigs. A to Z, a, in fours ; or ff. [96]. Vignette, and 20 symbolic wood-cuts, 
 coloured by hand. Numerous MS. notes. 
 
 Colpohon : Francoforti ex Officina Cyriaci Jacobi, Mense Junio Anno 1550. 
 
 The first part contains a dedication to Otto 
 Heinrich, Count Palatine, by the printer Cyriacus 
 Jacobus, dated April i, [isJso, and the following 
 nine tracts : 
 
 1. Correctio Fatitorum, f. i. 
 
 2. Clangor Buccinee, f. 19. 
 
 3. Semita Semites, f. 69. 
 
 4. Avicenna : De tine turn metal lor um, f. 75. 
 
 5. Raimundus (Lullius): Compendium animce 
 transmutationis, f. 92. 
 
 6. Scala Philosophorum, f. 101. 
 
 7. Opus mulierum, Tractatulus, sive ludus puer- 
 orum, f. 135. 
 
 8. Raimundus Lullius : De Tincturis compen- 
 dium, sen Vade Mecum, f. 153. 
 
 9. Aristoteles : Tractatttlus de Practica lapidis 
 Philosophici, f. 162. 
 
 Some of these tracts were frequently printed; 
 see under each. The second part consists entirely 
 of the Rosarium, with all its curious symbolical 
 illustrations. It was one of the most popular of 
 the Alchemical treatises, and it is to be found 
 in numerous MSS. and printed editions. See 
 
 ROSARIUM. 
 
20 ALCHIMIAALCHYMISTISCH 
 
 ALCHIMIA DENUDATA. 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). 
 
 ALCHIMIST. 
 
 See HEUTIGE (Der) Alchimist, 1756. 
 
 This is identical with the Spiegel of EDWARD PLUSIUS (q.v.). 
 
 ALCHYMIA. 
 
 Alchymise Cultor sub spe Benedictionis Divinse viuens. 
 See PHILOSOPHISCHE Schau-Biihne, 1706. 
 
 Alchymia Denudata. 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). 
 
 Alchymiae Tractatus. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 101. 
 
 Alchymia vera lapidis philosophorum. 
 
 See VIER aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Buchlein, 1697, p. 212. 
 See VIER unterschiedene Chymische Tractatlein, 1772, p. 5. 
 
 Alchymise veteris medulla ex Gebri . . . libris extracta. 
 See HORN (GEORG). 
 
 Definitio Alchymiae. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Philosophus, 1709, p. 54. 
 
 Phoenix Alchymise. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Philosophus, 1709, p. 75. 
 
 ALCHYMIE. 
 
 See GANTZE (Der) Kern der Alchymie, 1748. 
 
 See H. (c. G.), Eines wahren Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie, 1757 
 
 See REFORMIERTE (Die) Alchymie, under CORRECTIO fatuorum. 
 
 ALCHYMISCHE FRAGEN von dem Universal! und den Particularibus. 
 
 See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735, 
 P- 532- 
 
 ALCHYMIST. 
 
 Der von Mose . . . iibel urtheilende Alchymist. 
 
 See SCHMID (JOHANN GEORG), 1706. 
 
 ALCHYMISTEN-GESELLSCHAFFT. 
 See K. (j. D.), 1709. 
 
 ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, Das ist, Sieben schdne und aufserlesene 
 Tractatlein, vom Stem der Weisen, Darinn der richtige Weg zu solchem 
 allerhochsten Geheimniifs zu kommen hell und klar gezeiget wird. Allen 
 Liebhabern der Hoch-Edlen Wissenschafft zu Gefallen und niitzlichem 
 Unterricht, aus dem Latein ins Hochdeutsche treulich iibergesetzet, und in 
 Druck gefertiget. 
 
ALCHYMISTISCH ALEMANNUS 21 
 
 ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn. Continued. 
 
 Was Hermes und der Lullius weitlaufftig habn geschrieben, 
 Das lafs allhier in einer Summ zu lesen dir belieben. 
 
 Wirst du dasselb' gebrauchen recht mit weifslichem Verstand, 
 So sey versichert, dafs dein Geld sehr niitzlich angewandt. 
 Hamburg, In Verlegung Johann Naumanns, und Georgen Wolffs. Im Jahr 
 Christi, 1675. 
 
 8. Pp. [8], 231, [i]. Title red and black. The contents begin on the verso of 
 the title, and then follow a scheme of the operations for the Stone, and the editor's 
 address to the reader. Each tract has a title-page included in the pagination. 
 
 The tracts in this collection are : 
 
 1. Hermes, Gulden Tractdtlein, p. i. attain his end. He himself was neither a 'practi- 
 
 2. R. Lullius, Apertorium, p. 25. cus ' nor an adept, but he had studied the theory 
 
 3. R. Lullius, Elucidarium, p. 57. and ventured to say that in this book would be 
 
 4. Aristoteles, Tractat an Altxandrum Magnum found in brief all that was necessary for the work 
 vom Stein der Weisen, p. 69. contained, though more diffusely, in the six volumes 
 
 5. Johannes Dausten, Rosarium, p. 99. of the Theatrum Chemicum. 
 
 6. Albertus Magnus, Compendium, p. 209. Besides this, which seems to be the first edition, 
 
 7. Johannes Pontanus, Ein Sendbrief, p. 219. Schmieder (GescA. der Alchemie, 1832, p. 166) 
 The editor has not given his name. The title of quotes another of date 1679, and the Beytrag zur 
 
 the book, he says, denotes that as the Pleiades Geschichte der twhern Chemie, 1785, p. 626, one of 
 guide the mariner to his haven, so this constella- 1756, Frankfurt, 8. 
 tion of writers will enable the lover of Alchemy to 
 
 ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, Das ist : Sieben schone und auserlesene 
 Tractatlein, vom Stein der Weisen, Darinn der richtige Weg zu solchem 
 allerhochsten Geheimniifs zu kommen, hell und klar gezeiget wird. Allen 
 Liebhabern der Hoch-Edlen Wissenschaft zu Gefallen und nutzlichem 
 Unterricht, aus dem Latein im Hoch-deutsche treulich iibergesetzet, und in 
 Druck gefertiget. 
 
 Was Hermes und der Lullius weitlauftig haben geschrieben, 
 Das lafs allhier in einer Summ zu lesen dir belieben. 
 
 Wirst du dasselb' gebrauchen recht mit weifslichem Verstand 
 So sey versichert, dafs dein Geld sehr niitzlich angewandt. 
 Frankfurt und Leipzig, zu finden im Kraufsischen Buchladen. 1772. 
 
 8. Imperfect ; wanting all after p. 240, including the Tracts by Albertus 
 Magnus and Pontanus. New title pasted over a previous one. As in the other edition 
 each tract has a title-page : Hermes, p. 9 ; Lullius, p. 35, and p. 71 ; Aristotle, p. 85 ; 
 Dausten, p. 119. 
 
 ALCHYMISTISCHE (NEUE) Bibliothek fur den Naturkundiger. 
 See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEPH WILHELM). 
 
 ALCHYMISTISCHE BRIEFE. 
 
 See MEYER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 ALCHYMISTISCHE Nachrichtungs Regulen. 
 See LOWE (Der) defs Rothen Creutzes. 
 
 ALCHYMY. 
 
 See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy. 
 
 ALEMANNUS DE BONONIA. 
 
 See ALAMANUS de Bononia. 
 
22 ALESSIO 
 
 ALESSIO. 
 
 Alexii Pedemontani de Secretis Libri, mira quadam rerum varietate vtilitateq'; 
 referti, longe castigatiores & ampliores quam priore editione. Nam sex 
 prioribus, septimus accessit ex eiusdem authoris appendice factus : omnes ex 
 Italico sermone in Latinum conuersi. lo. lacobo weckero Basiliensi Medico 
 interprete. Basileae, Apud Petrum Pernam. M.D.LX. 
 
 8. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 354 [29, i blank], 
 
 The first edition of this translation was printed six books. The third was printed by Perna in 
 at Basel, by Perna in 1559, 8vo. It contains only 1563. It contains an eighth book. 
 
 De' Secret! del Reverendo Donno Alessio Piemontese, Prima Parte. Con la 
 sua tavola per trouar le ricette con ogni commodita. In Venetia, Presso 
 Giorgio de' Caualli. MDLXVIII. 
 
 8. Ff. 155. Tavola, &c. [n] 2 blank. Seconda Parte, ff. 76. Tavola [8.] 
 Parte Terza, ff. 48. Tavola [4.] The vignette is an elephant carrying a tower with 
 armed soldiers, and the motto underneath: 'Tarde sed tuto,' the whole within an 
 ornamental border. 
 
 The first part in six books of Alexis' work was Graesse, Trhor, 1859, ' P- 68) as a pseudonym for 
 
 originally published in Italian, at Venice, in 1556 Girolamo Ruscelli, called by Graesse an Alchemist, 
 
 (or 1555?). The second revised edition appeared This is queried in the British Museum Catalogue, 
 
 in 1557. It is one of the most famous of the and Beckmann, who made enquiry into the subject, 
 
 receipt-books and its popularity is shown by the was unable to come to any definite conclusion, 
 
 number of editions in various languages through At least he admits the difficulty of determining 
 
 which it has^_ passed. There are on record some which of the noble Florentine family of Ruscelli or 
 
 twenty editions in Italian ; it was translated into Ruscellai might be concealed under the name. He 
 
 French, about twenty editions; Latin, nine editions; also saw the difficulties involved in calling the 
 
 English, seven or eight editions ; Dutch, half-a- edition of 1557 the first, and concluded that it 
 
 dozen editions ; German, a dozen editions ; Polish, must have been published earlier. Brunei and 
 
 Danish and Spanish. Graesse both speak of an edition of 1555, Venice, 
 
 The receipts are for the most part medical and by Sigism. Bordogna, but there are difficulties 
 
 pharmaceutical, and there is very little which bears respecting that edition also. See Beckmann, Bey- 
 
 direct on Alchemy or on Chemistry. trdge zur Geschichte der Erfindungen, 1792, iii. p. 
 
 For the origin of the work as told by Alexis 198, and i. 340, for the Ruscellai. 
 himself, for the doubts connected with the date The fact is, however, as I have shown in the 
 
 and language of the first edition, for an enumer- paper above mentioned, the ascription of the 
 
 ation of editions in Italian and English and for work to Ruscelli, will not bear examination, for it 
 
 an account of the first three editions of Wecker's leads to two quite incompatible narratives of 
 
 translation and their importance for the history of the origin of the book, and as they both neces- 
 
 the work, see my "Notes on Books of Secrets," sarily emanate from him, if he be the author, 
 
 in the Transactions of the Archaological Society of he must, in one or other, if not in both, have 
 
 Glasgow, 1883, vol. ii., and 1885-89 (N.S.) vol. i. , been strictly inaccurate. For my own part I have 
 
 and paper on "The Secrets of Alexis," read to seen no evidence that Ruscelli was the author, 
 
 the Society of Antiquaries, London. but only the assertion of Muzio, which has been 
 
 The name Alessio is regarded by some (e.gr. followed by later writers. 
 
 Kunstbuch des wolerfarnen Herren Alexij Pedemontani vo mancherley 
 nutzlichen vnnd bewerten Secreten oder Kiinsten, jetz neuwlich aufs 
 Welscher vnnd Lateinischer sprach inn Teutsch gebracht, durch Doctor 
 Hanfs Jacob Wecker, Statt Artzet zu Colmar. Mit Keys. Majest. gnad 
 vnnd freyheit, inn sechs jaren nicht nachzutrucken. M.D.LXX iij. 
 8. Pp. [48] 462. Title red and black. 
 
 Der Ander Theil. 
 
 8. Pp. [7, i blank] 274 [21, i blank]. 
 
 An earlier edition of the German translation was published by Perna at Basel, in 1570. It contains 
 only the first part in six books. 
 
 Les Secrets Du Seigneur Alexis Piemontois. Reueu, & augmente d' vne infinite 
 de rares Secrets. A Rouen, Chez lean Berthelin, dans la Cour du Palais. 
 M.DC.XXXVII. 
 
 8. Pp. 675. Table, [70, i blank]. Imperfect. 
 
ALESSIO ALEXANDER 23 
 
 ALESSIO. Continued. 
 
 Though without Christofle Landre's name, this and numerous other secrets, all these editions 
 
 is a reprint of his translation, printed at Paris in include a translation of the Kunstboeck of Andries- 
 
 1573, 1576; Rouen, 1614 (without Landre"s name), sen (q.v.}. It will be found in pp. 564-631 of the 
 
 and again in 1691. Besides the secrets of Alexis present edition. 
 
 ALETHOPHILUS. 
 
 Gliickliche Erober- und Demolirung des durch den Schall einer thonernen 
 Elias-Posaune, auf Befehl eines Chymischen Pabsts angekiindigten Fegefeuers 
 der Scheidekunst, sampt den iibrigen auf der Insul Schmaheland aufgerichteten 
 Schantzen. Oder kurtze Wiederlegung des von einem Anonymo ohne 
 sattsamen Grund und Raison herausgegebenen schmahsiichtigen Teutschen 
 Fegefeuers der Scheidekunst, aufgesetzet durch Alethophilum. Leipzig, 
 Bey Carl Christian Neuenhahn, Buchh. in Nordhausen. 1705. 
 
 8. Pp. 142. Title red and black. Frontispiece. 
 
 This is a reply, or a pretended reply, in the form nor convicted the Fegfeuer of untruth. Fictuld 
 
 of a spun-out allegory, to Dr. Soldner's Keren evidently did not like any doubt or hesitation, 
 
 Happtich . , . oder Tentsches Fegfeuer der Scheide- either on the part of the friends or foes of the secret 
 
 Kunst, 1702, q.v. The author's name is not given. philosophy. The book is interesting as containing 
 
 Fictuld (Probier-Stein, ii. pp. 28-29) strongly an enumeration of alchemical authors. Compare 
 
 suspects the author's straightforwardness and Erlosung der Philosophen aus dern Fegfeuer der 
 
 blames him for having neither overturned Alchemy Chymisten, 1701. 
 
 [Another Copy.] Leipzig, . . . 1705. 
 
 8. Pp. 142. Title red and black. Wants the frontispiece. 
 
 ALETHOPHILUS. 
 
 Philosophische Betrachtung von Verwandlung der Metallen. 
 
 Sec ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. 
 P- 537- 
 
 This is the seventh chapter of " Aletophili Medi- the nature of the metals. According to Fictuld 
 
 tationes aliquot Sacras atque Philosophicae in 8vo, (Probicr- Stein, ii. p. 28) the paper is ruined by 
 
 Francofurtiae, clj loCCXXVIII. A. S. R." It having them printed on it ! 
 consists of 143 short dicta or propositions about 
 
 ALETHOPHILUS. 
 
 See HERMES, Erkantniifs der Natur, 17036. 
 
 See HERMES, Einleitung in's hochste Wissen : von Erkenntnifs der Natur, 1855. 
 
 ALETOPHILUS (SINCERUS). 
 Leben des Paracelsus. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES Museum, 1782, i. p. HI. 
 
 ALEXANDER. 
 
 Cuiusdam Epistolae, quse Alexandri Macedonum Regis nomine circumfertur, 
 interpretatio, abditam Philosophic! Lapidis compositionem sapientibus 
 acutissime declarans. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFERA: . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 245. 
 See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 254. 
 See GINJECEUM Chimicum, 1679, P- 561. 
 
 Epistel. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 331 ; 1750, i. p. 402. 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. 
 p. 227. 
 
ALEXANDER- ALI PULl 
 
 ALEXANDER. Continued. 
 
 Sendschreiben von der geheimen Composition des Steines der Weisen. 
 See GEBER, Chymische Schrifften, 1751, p. 257. 
 See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 294. 
 
 To Alexander the Great is ascribed the discovery 
 of the tomb of Hermes and the Tabula Smaragdina 
 which it contained. Aristotle is credited with 
 having written an epistle to him on Alchemy (see 
 ARISTOTELES). Compare, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 
 
 ALEXIS. 
 
 See ALESSIO. 
 
 ALFONSO. 
 
 Clavis Sapientiae. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 322. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 766. 
 
 1886, ii. pp. 359, 371. The Epistel was published 
 by Joachim Tancke in his translation of R. Bacon's 
 Medulla Alchimice, Eisleben, 1608. Kopp. Ibid. 
 " 347- 
 
 Alphonso or Alfonso X., El Sabio, King of 
 Castile and Leon (1221-1284) "caused this book 
 to be translated from the Arabic into his own 
 Castilian tongue. " It would appear therefore that 
 Alfonso was not himself the author. The Arabic 
 book is supposed to be the Clavis majoris Sapien- 
 ti<z ascribed to Artephius (q.v. ), of which there 
 were numerous editions. Comparison of the two 
 tracts shows that they are identical (though not 
 
 verbally so), however the identity is to be explained. 
 This tract treats i, of the Aristotelian elements 
 or qualities ; 2, of the generation of minerals, and 
 3, of the generation of plants from minerals, and 
 of animals from plants. It is a short treatise on 
 cosmogony, and not on transmutation. It is not 
 the same as that attributed to ' ' Alphonso, King of 
 Portugall," included in Five Treatises of the 
 Philosopher s Stone, London, 1652. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandeclce Brandenburgica, 1699, Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. 383 ; 1866, 
 
 p. 123. i. p. 407- 
 
 Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus, Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina medics et infinite 
 
 1788, ii. p. 78. sEtatis, 1858, i. p. 68. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. 64. Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Mtdecint Arabe, 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 1876, ii. p. 441. 
 
 141. Kopp, Die Alchetnie, 1886, i. p. 101. 
 
 ALI PILL 
 
 See ALI PULL 
 
 ALI PULL 
 
 Centrum Naturae Concentratum. Oder : ein Tractat. von dem Wiedergebohrnen 
 Saltz. Insgemein und eigendlich genandt : Der Weisen Stein, in Arabischen 
 geschrieben von Ali Puli, einem Asiatischen Mohren, darnach in Portugisische 
 Sprache durch H. L. V. A. H. Und ins Hochteutsche versetzt, und heraus- 
 gegeben von Johann Otto Helbig Rittern, Chur-Fiirstl. Pfaltzischen Rath, 
 Leib-Medico, und bey der Heidelbergischen Universitat Professore Publico. 
 Gedruckt im Jahr 1682. 
 
 8. Pp. [2] 67. The last page is in MS. The signatures are : 4 leaves without 
 signature, E-H6 in eights, i p. in MS. This tract has been cut out of a copy of the 
 Quadratum Alchymisticum, 1705 {q.v. ), and bound separately. 
 
 It is commended by Fictuld (Probier-Stein, i. 
 p. 60), and is quoted by Gmelin (Geschichte, ii. p. 
 14). Besides Alipuli's tract, pp. 1-38, this fragment 
 contains also Martinus de Delle, Discursus de Uni- 
 versali (p. 39), Discursus Philosophicus (p. 49), an 
 extract from the book Amor Proximi (p. 58), and a 
 
 story of a cure worked by Sebastian Siebenfreund 
 (p. 61) with the narrative of his murder, in which 
 Thurneysser (q.v.) is said to have had a hand. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, 1870, Nos. 
 "93-95- 
 
 Centrum Naturae Concentratum : or the Salt of Nature Regenerated. For the 
 most part improperly called the Philosopher's Stone. Written in Arabick 
 by Alipili a Mauritanian, born of Asiatick Parents ; Published in Low Dutch, 
 
AU PULIALLEGORIA 25 
 
 ALI PULL Continued. 
 
 1694, and now done into English, 1696. By a Lover of the Hermetick 
 Science. 
 
 That which hath been is named already, and it is known that it is Man. 
 
 Eccles. 6. 10. 
 London, Printed for J. Harris at the Harrow in Little Britain, 1696. 
 
 12. Pp. 90. List of books, 91-4. 
 
 The usual form of the name is Alipuli, not Alipili. The address by the English translator to 
 the reader is signed E. Brice, not Price. 
 
 Centrum Naturae Concentratum. Oder : ein Tractat, von dem Wiedergebohrnen 
 Saltz. Insgemein und eigentlich genandt: der Weisen Stein, in Arabischen 
 geschrieben von Ali Puli, einem Asiatischen Mohren, darnach in Portugisische 
 Sprache durch H. L. V. A. H. und ins Hochteutsche iibersetzt, und heraus- 
 gegeben von Johann Otto Helbig Rittern, Churfurstl. Pfalzischen Rath, 
 Leib Medico, und bey der Heidelbergischen Universitat Professore Publico. 
 Franckfurt, bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1756. 
 
 8. Pp. 40. 
 
 Centrum Naturae Concentratum. 
 
 See QUADRATUM Alchymisticum, 1705. 
 
 ALKUMISTICA. 
 
 See CLAIUS (JOHANN), i594(?). 
 
 ALLEBE (GERRIT ARNOUT NICOLAAS). 
 
 Gerardi Arnoldi Nicolai Allebe, Amstelodamensis, Medicinae in Athenaeo Illustri 
 Amstelodamensi Studiosi, Commentatio qua respondetur ad Quaestionem 
 Chemicam, a nobilissima Facultate Disci plinarum Mathematicarum et 
 Physicarum, in Academia Lugduno-Batava, A. MDCCCXXIX. Propositam : 
 Instituatur aquae marinae analysis accurata, et inquiratur quaenam sint ejus 
 principia perpetua, quae contra accessoria et minus constantia; turn quibus 
 utrorumque lodium et Bromium sint accensenda : exponatur denique, qua 
 ratione singula ilia principia separentur et depurentur. Quae Praemium 
 reportavit D. viii Mensis Februarii A. MDCCCXXX. 
 
 No place, date, printer or publisher. 
 4. Pp. 40. Folding .table. Reprinted from the Annales of the Leyden Academy, vol. xv. 
 
 ALLEGORIA. 
 
 See MERLINUS. 
 
 Allegoriae Sapientum et Distinctiones xxix supra librum Turbae. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 57. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 467. 
 
 Allegoriae super librum Turbae. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFERJE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 89. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 101 ; 1750, i. p. 125. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 494. 
 
26 
 
 ALLERLE Y ALLGEMEINE 
 
 ALLERLEY Particularia. 
 
 Allerley Particularia die handtgriff zu elehrnen. 
 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. (1598), p. 97. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchyniias, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, 
 
 p. 145. 
 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 237. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 145. 
 
 ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei. Erster Theil. 
 Mit Kupfern. Berlin, bei Siegismund Friedrich Hesse, in der breiten 
 Strasse. 1781. 
 
 8. Pp. viii. 244 [for 344]. Two copper plates. 
 
 Zweiter Theil, 1782. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 372. Two copper plates. 
 
 On account of the general utility of a knowledge 
 of the sciences, the translator (who has concealed 
 his name) thought it desirable that what had 
 already been written in Latin should be rendered 
 accessible to more readers by being turned into 
 
 Part I. contains the following dissertations : 
 
 1. Jacob Reinbold Spielmann and Johann 
 Friedrich Corvinus, Geschichte der kunstlichen 
 Luff, p. i. 
 
 2. Torbern Bergmann, Kalte Gesundbrunnen 
 durch Kunst zu bereiten, p. 98. 
 
 3. Torbern Bergmann, War me Gesundbrunnen 
 oder Bdder durch Kunst zu bereiten, p. 153. 
 
 4. Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Widerlegung der 
 Meinung, dass das reine Wasser in Erde verwan- 
 delt werden konne, p. 181. 
 
 5. die Gebriider Gravenhorst, A us dem Glau- 
 berschen Wundersalse wahren Schwefel hervorzu- 
 bringen, ohne Beihulfe des Fevers, p. 185. 
 
 6. Georg Christian Ittershagen, Arsenik durch 
 Kunst zu erzeugen, p. 188. 
 
 7. Vogel, Die Bestuschefsche oder Le Mottische 
 Stahltinktur zu verfertigen , p. 192. 
 
 8. Balthasar George Sage, Von verschiedenen 
 Arten die metallischen Korper zu verkalken, von 
 
 The contents of part II. are the following : 
 
 1. Johann Friedrich Corvinus, Geschichte der 
 kunstlichen Luft, zweiter Theil, p. i. 
 
 2. Torbern Bergmann, Von der Luftsaure, p. 60. 
 
 3. Torbern Bergmann, Ueber die Zerlegung der 
 Wasser, p. 157. 
 
 4. Torbern Bergmann, Ueber die Gestalten der 
 Krystallen, vornehmlich derjenigen die aus dem 
 Spath erzeugt sind, p. 278. 
 
 German, and he points out that his work serves as 
 a contribution or supplement to the Journal of 
 Crell, who had not dealt with chemical disserta- 
 tions in Latin. I do not know if any more than 
 the above was published. 
 
 den Farben ihrer G laser, und von denjenigen, die 
 man durch metaliische Kalke im wetssen durch- 
 sichtigen Glase hervorbringen kann, p. 195. 
 
 9. Wilh. Heinr. Sebastian Bucholz, Ueber die 
 Essignaphthe, p. 205. 
 
 10. Carl Gottfried Hagen, Vom Braunstein, und 
 dessen erdigt alkalischen Theile, p. 217. 
 
 11. Johann Christian Wiegleb, Chemische Unter- 
 suchung iiber den Kiesel, p. 251. 
 
 12. Johann Beckmann, Versuche den Get ranch 
 der Fdrberrdthe beim Farben s/e verbessern^ p. 271. 
 
 13. Johann Anton Scopoli, Vom Schwefel und 
 dessen Verhalten gegen die Metalle, p. 296. 
 
 14. Christoph Andreas Mangold, Versuche mil 
 Farben, p. 319. 
 
 15. Friedrich August Cartheuser, Chemische 
 Beobachtung von der Reinigung des fliichtigen 
 Bernsteinsalzes, p. 324. 
 
 5. Johann Anton Scopoli, Metallurgische Beo- 
 bachtungen, p. 310. 
 
 6. Carl Friedrich Wenzel, Chemische Versuche, 
 die Metalle vermittelet der Reverberation in ihre 
 Bestandtheile zu zerlegen, p. 321. 
 
 7. Johann Gottlieb Georgi, Umstiindliche Nach- 
 richt von den beruhmten Bestuschewschen N erven- 
 tinkturen, oder so genannten Lamottischen Tropfen, 
 P- 342- 
 
 ALLGEMEINE (UEBER) ARZNEIEN. 
 
 See MAGAZIN fiir die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 291. 
 
 The author's initials are E. C. D.(octor?) M.(edi- 
 cinae?), and the tract was originally written in 
 Latin and addressed to a Fellow of the Royal 
 
 Society. The universal medicines are to be under- 
 stood in an alchemical sense, apparently. 
 
 ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation der gantzen weiten Welt. Beneben 
 der Fama Fraternitatis, defs Loblichen Ordens des Rosencreutzes, an alle 
 Gelehrte vnd Haupter Europa geschrieben. Jetzo offentlich in Druck 
 verfertiget, vnd alien trewen Hertzen communiciret worden. Gedruckt zuerst 
 
ALLGEMEINRALPINUS 
 
 27 
 
 ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation. Continued. 
 
 zu Cassel, durch Wilhelm Wessell, Anno M. DC. XIV. Der aufsersten 
 Seltenheit wegen wieder aufgelegt, und mit einem Anhange verschiedener 
 dahin gehorigen Schrifften vermehret. Regenspurg, Anno MDCLXXXI. 
 (sic for MDCCLXXXL). 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 192. 
 
 According to Kloss (Bibliographic der Freimaur- 
 erei, Frankf. 1844, p. 176) this was edited by Fri. 
 Nicolai, and was printed at Berlin, 1781. The 
 Reformation goes from p. i to p. 68 ; the Faina 
 from p. 69 to p. 98. The volume contains also Adam 
 Haselmeyer's Antwort an die Lobwurdige Briider- 
 
 schafft der Theosophen vom Rosenkreutz, pp. 99-114 ; 
 Wolgemeyntes Aufsschreiben, pp. 115-122 ; and 
 Geistlicher Discurs und Betrachtung by Doctor 
 Gratianus Amandus de Stellis, pp. 123-192, with 
 the following title-pages respectively : 
 
 Antwort : An die Lobwurdige Bruderschafft der Theosophen vom Rosenkreutz 
 N. N. von Adam Haselmeyer, Archiducalem Alumnum Notarium seu Judicem 
 ordinarium Caesareum, der Zeiten zum Heyligen Creutz Dorflein bey Hall in Tyroll 
 wohnende : Ad Faniam Fraternitatis einfaltigst geantwortet. Gedruckt zuerst zu 
 Kassel, MDCXIV, und der aufsersten Seltenheit wegen wieder aufgelegt. Regenspurg, 
 MDCLXXXI. (for MDCCLXXXL). 
 
 Wolgemeyntes Aufsschreiben, an die Hochwiirdigste Fraternitat des Rosen'creutzes. 
 Zweyer Vnbenannten Biederleuth, darinnen sie ihre Gedancken, so sie von der hochlob- 
 lichen Fraternitat haben, eroffenen, vnd um fernere Communication bitten thun. 
 Gedruckt zuerst zu Oppenheim bey Hartmanno Palthenio, MDCXVII. und der 
 aufsersten Seltenheit wegen wieder aufgeleget. Regenspurg, MDCCLXXXL 
 
 Geistlicher Discurs und Betrachtung was fur eine Gottseligkeit vnd Art der Liebe 
 erfordert wirt. Das ist, wie dieselbe eigentlich beschaffen seyn wil, wann man die 
 in aller Welt verachte, Aber von Gott werth vnd thewer gehaltene Gemeinschafft, 
 Wissenschafft, Weifsheit vnd Fraternitet der rechten Rosen Creutz Briider auff besteste 
 Theil zuerreichen begehret. Von newem ans Tagliecht geruckt durch Doctorem Grati- 
 anuni Amandum de Stellis C. & E. Archipal. Ex Prcedio Damns Dei. 
 
 i. Timoth. 4. Die Gottseligkeit ist zu alien Dingen Nutz. 
 
 i. Johan. 3. Lasset vns nicht lieben mit Worten, noch mit der Zungen, Sondern 
 mit der That und mit der Wahrheit. 
 
 Gedruckt zuerst zu Oppenheim bey Hieronymo Gallern MDCXVIII. vnd der 
 aufsersten Seltenheit wegen wieder gedruckt zu Regenspurg, MDCCLXXXL 
 
 These are tracts belonging to the subject of 
 Rosicrucianism. The " Allgemeine . . . Refor- 
 mation " was printed at Cassel, by Wilhelm 
 Wessell, 1612, together with the Fama Frater- 
 nitatis, and Haselmeyer's Responsion in small 8vo, 
 pp. 147. Another edition was printed in 1614, 
 with an Epistola added, small 8vo, pp. 152. In 
 1616 these were included with some other tracts 
 in a small volume pp. [n] 304 [i]. The Fama 
 
 Fralernitatis in English, by Eugenius Philalethes, 
 was published at London in 1652, i6mo. See 
 Missiv an die Hocherleuchtete Bruderschaft des 
 Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, Leipz. 
 1783, pp. 44-45. 
 
 The " Allgemeine . . . Reformation" was 
 printed in the Archiv fur Freimdurer und Rosen- 
 kreutzer, Berlin, 1783, i. p. 257, and the Fama 
 Fraternitatis in the same, i. p. 308. 
 
 ALPHIDIUS. 
 
 Kurtzer Bericht und parabolisch Tractatlein. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 66. 
 
 This author is supposed to have lived in the and another entitled Claves quinque ct alia frag- 
 
 I2th century, but nothing is known about him- menta de lapide philosophic componendo is said to 
 
 The tract is printed along with Koffsky and R. exist in manuscript. See Kopp, Die Alchemic, 
 
 Lully in the Tritium Chymicum, Strasburg, 1699, 1886, ii. pp. 339, 363. 
 
 ALPHONSUS. 
 
 See ALFONSO. 
 
 ALPINUS (PROSPER). 
 
 Prosper! Alpini Marosticensis Philosophi & Medici, in Gymnasio Patavino 
 Medicamentorum simplicium Professoris ordinarii, Medicina ^Egyptiorum. 
 Accedunt huic editioni ejusdem Auctoris Libri de Balsamo & Rhapontico. 
 
28 
 
 ALPINUSALTE 
 
 ALPINUS (PROSPER). Continued. 
 
 Ut et Jacobi Bontii Medicina Indorum. 
 vorum, Ex Officina Boutesteiniana, 1719. 
 
 Editio nova. Lugduni Bata- 
 
 4. Pp. [33, i blank] 325. 
 vignette. 
 
 Index [47]. Title red and black. 6 engravings and 
 
 Prosperi Alpini De Balsamo Dialogus. In quo verissima Balsami Plants, 
 Opobalsami, Carpobalsami, & Xylobalsami cognitio, plerisque antiquorum 
 atque juniorum Medicorum occulta, nunc elucescit. Lugduni Batavorum, 
 Apud Vid. et Fil. Corn. Boutesteyn. MDCCXVIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [4] 3-44. Index [4]. i plate. 
 De Rhapontico Disputatio . . . 1718. 
 
 4. Pp. 25 [i]. 
 Jacobi Bontii in Indiis Archiatri de Medicina Indorum Libri iv. . . . 1718. 
 
 4. Pp. 109 [2]. f I blank]. 
 This work does not refer to Chemistry, but to a section of the history of medicine. 
 
 Prosper Alpinus was born at Marostica near 
 Vicenza in 1553, studied medicine and graduated 
 as Phil, and M.D. at Padua, 1578, went to Egypt 
 in 1580 and remained there for three years. On 
 his return he practised in Genoa, and in 1593 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 925. 
 Tomasini, Elogia virorum literis et sapientia 
 illustrium, 1644, p. 301. 
 Tomasini, Gymnasium Palavinum, 1654, pp. 97, 
 
 98- 139, 305. 441- 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum erudittone clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1337. 
 
 Conring, In universam artem medicam intro- 
 ductio, 1687, ii. 8, p. 43; vi. n, p. 222; x. 24, 
 
 P- 3*5- 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Nov. 23, 
 
 1616 ; Sig. N2 verso. 
 
 Giomale de' Letterati a* Italia, 1711, v. p/ 
 387 (short note on his life) ; 1711, vi. pp. 
 262-281 (life and notice of his art of foretelling the 
 life or death of the sick) ; 1714, xvii. p. 269 (notice 
 of the plants of Egypt). 
 
 Nicolaus Comnenus Papadopolus, Historia 
 Gymnasii Patavini, Venetiis, 1726, i. p. 13, No. i, 
 and p. 345, No. 108. 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires, 1730, xi. p. 176 ; 1732, xx. 
 p. 29. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung in die Historic der medicin- 
 ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 97, 198, 206, 207, 
 579- 
 
 became Professor of Botany and superintendent of" 
 the Garden at Padua, wrote a number of books on 
 botany and medicine, and died at Padua, Nov. 23, 
 in 1616 or 1617, after becoming quite deaf. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 3- 
 
 Clement, Bibliotheqve Curieuse, 1750, i. pp. 
 211-213. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeincs Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 300. 
 
 Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori (f Italia, 1753, I. i. 
 p. 518. 
 
 Stoever, LifeofSirC. Linneeus, 1794, p. 57. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, London, 1799, 
 i. pp. 10-13. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la. Aft'de- 
 cine, 1828, i. p. 99. 
 
 Biographic Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke, i. p. 159, 
 
 Emil Isensee, Geschichte der Median, 1840, 
 p. 230. 
 
 Phillippe und Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, p. 420. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 318. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Aledt- 
 cales, 1865, iii. p. 391. 
 
 Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicin. 
 1881, ii. pp. 8, 135; 1882, iii. p. 430 (diphtheria 
 in Egypt). 
 
 ALTE TEUTSCHE Reimen von der philosophischen Materie. 
 
 See VIER AUSSERLESENE Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. 209. 
 Preceded by a note to the reader and Protestatio auloris. 
 
 There are four short poems called : I. Alchymia 
 vera lapidis philosophorum ; II. Eine feine Be- 
 schreibung der philosophischen Materie und ihrer 
 Bereitung, ab incerto autore; III. Tractatulus 
 rhytmicus vom Stein der Weisen ; IV. has no special 
 title, but begins : Philosophia die edle Kunst. 
 
 Fictuld's observation on these old German 
 
 verses of date 1697 (Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. 
 p. 29) is as follows : " The author is not mentioned. 
 The work, like its title, is pure twaddle, by 
 which time is recklessly wasted. They deserve to 
 be burned to prevent any one doing himself farther 
 mischief by them "(!). 
 
 See VIER unterschiedene Chymische Tractatlein, 1772. 
 Reprint of the preceding four tracts in verse. 
 
 See RYTHMI Germanici. 
 
 This set of verses is a reprint of No. ii. of the preceding tracts. It is contained in FIGULUS (B.) 
 Pandora, 1608, p. 263. 
 
ALTEALTUS 29 
 
 ALTE TEUTSCHE Reimen. Continued. 
 
 Alte deutsche Reimen, de prima Materia des Steins der Weisen. 
 
 See SUCHTEN (A. VON), " Concordantia Chymica," Chymische Schrifften, 1680, 
 
 P- 95- 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 192. 
 
 This is an edition of v. Suchten's tract. 
 See HYDROPHILUS (SINCERUS), Der Chymischen und heutigen Welt, nutzbahre 
 
 Schatzkammer, 1736, p. 313. 
 
 See FALSCHER und wahrer Lapis Philosophorum, 1752, p. 313. 
 See GANTZE (Der) Kern der Al-Chymie, 1748. 
 This is a reprint of No. iii. : " Eine treue Lehr will ich dir geben," of the preceding set of tracts. 
 
 ALTE TEUTSCHE Reimen von der weissen Materia, und ihrer Zubereitung, 
 zur Medicin auf Menschen und Metalle. 
 See HYDROPHILUS (SINCERUS), Der Chymischen und heutigen Welt, nutzbahre 
 
 Schatzkammer, 1736, p. 269. 
 
 See FALSCHER und wahrer Lapis Philosophorum, 1752, p. 269. 
 This is a different poem from any of the preceding. 
 
 ALTE TEUTSCHE Reimen de Sale Centrali. 
 
 See KUNCKEL VON LOWENSTERN (jOHANN), V. Curiose Chymische Tractatlein, 
 1721, p. 511. 
 
 ALTE VERSE, worinne die Bereitung des Philosophischen Steines Ratzel-weifs 
 beschrieben 
 See HEUTIGE (Der) Alchimist, 1756, p. 77. 
 
 ALTENBERG. 
 
 See LEONHARD von Altenberg. 
 
 ALTERSBERGER (PRIMISLAUS), Respondens. 
 See LIBAVIUS (ANDREAS), Prases, 1615. 
 
 ALTKUMISTICA. 
 
 See CLAIUS (JOHANNA i594(?). 
 
 ALTUS. 
 
 Mutus Liber, in quo tamen tota Philosophia hermetica, figuris hieroglyphicis 
 depingitur, ter optimo maximo Deo misericordi consecratus, solisque filiis 
 artis dedicatus, authore cuius nomen est Altus. 
 
 21. ii. 82. Neg: 
 93. 82. 72. Neg: 
 82. 8 1. 33. Tued. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 938. 
 
 This is a series of fifteen engraved plates, without a ever, to the substances symbolized, and none 
 
 word of explanation, portraying the preparation of whatever to those obtained by the processes, 
 
 the philosopher's stone. The plates are partly The first edition of this work appeared at La 
 
 symbolical, partly pictorial, representing an Rochelle in 1677, in folio. Barbier (Dictionnaire 
 
 alchemist and his wife engaged in chemical opera- des Anonymes, 1824, iii. No. 20997) has the follow- 
 
 tions, such as sublimation, distillation, the hermetic ing note upon it : L'auteur anonyme, dit Arcere 
 
 sealing ctf flasks, and the old chemical apparatus is dans son Histoire de la ville de la Rochelle, 1757, 
 
 very well displayed. There is hardly a clue, how- *-4, t. 2, p. 384, pourrait fitre Jacob SAULAT, 
 
30 ALTUSAMELUNG 
 
 ALTUS. Continued. 
 
 sieur DES MAREZ, lequel demanda un privilege ascribing it to Saulat. May Altus not be meant for 
 
 pour ce manuscrit. Je crois que le vrai auteur est a kind of anagram of Saulat? 
 
 TOLLS' medecin de la Rochelle, grand chimiste ; Vogt (Catalogus . . . Librorum Rariorum, 1747, 
 
 le nom emprunt^ Altus le designe assez. QueYard p. 481), says merely that Saulat was the editor. 
 
 (Les Supercheries Litterairts DivoiUes, 1869, i. Kopp {Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. 318) mentions the 
 
 282 d) enters this book under Altus and agrees book, but says nothing about the author, and 
 
 with Barbier in ascribing it to Tolled Brunei Lenglet-Dufresnoy before him is equally silent (Hist. 
 
 (i. 203) also enters it under Altus, but prefers de la Phil. Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 68, 91, 242). 
 
 ALVETANUS ARNSRODIUS (CORNELIUS). 
 
 Epistola de conficiendo divino Elixire sive Lapide Philosophico. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, v. p. 815 ; reprinted in i66i,vi. p. 501. 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum. Epilogus Orthelii, 
 1624, p. 187. 
 
 In the Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, Amsterdam, cvlo D. Thomae Aquinatis, de Esse & Essentia 
 
 1702, this writer is placed among the sophistical mineralium, & Cornelij Aluetani Arnsrodij, de 
 
 writers under the heading " Ertz-Liigen. " The conficiendo diuino Elixire libellus, Elizabethae 
 
 tract is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth, and is dated Reginae Angliae, &c. dicatus . . . Coloniae, Apud 
 
 London, July 14, 1565. It appeared also in Gosuinum Cholinum. Anno M.D. LXXXXII. . . ." 
 
 " Secreta Secretorvm Raymvndi Lvllii et Hermetis 8. 
 Philosophorvm in Libros Tres divisa. Cvm Opvs- 
 
 ALZE. 
 
 De Lapide Philosophico Perbreve Opusculum, quod ab ignoto aliquo Germanico 
 Philosopho, pene ante ducentos annos, conscriptum & Liber Alze nuncupatum 
 fuit, nunc vero in lucem editum. 
 See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 323. 
 
 This book is commended by Soldner in the Teutschts Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kiinst, 1702, p. 115. 
 
 AMANDUS DE STELLIS (GRATIANUS). 
 Geistlicher Discurs und Betrachtung. 
 
 See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation, 1781, p. 123. 
 
 AMATEUR de la Science. 
 
 See DICTIONAIRE HERMETIQUE, 1695. 
 
 AMATOR Vise Regiae. 
 
 See ERORTERUNG dreyer Chymischen Fragen, 1745. 
 
 AMELUNG (HEINRICH CHRISTIAN). 
 
 Heinrich Christian Amelungs von Tannenbaum Chymische Untersuchung, von 
 dem Unterscheid des Philosoph. und Mineralischen Antimonii, wie auch 
 des Mercurii Philosophorum & Vulgaris. 
 
 Aut. Nov. Lum. Chem. 
 
 Scito pro certo, qvod hsec scientia non in fortuna 
 nee casual! inventione, sed in reali scientia locata est. 
 
 D. M. a C. B. P. L. C. 
 Qvse sunt in superis, haec inferioribus insunt : 
 
 Qvod monstrat ccelum, id terra freqventer habet. 
 Ignis, Aqva & fluitans duo sunt contraria : felix 
 
 Talia si jungis : sit tibi scire fatis ! 
 Dresden, In Verlag Michael Giinthers, druckts Johann Riedel, 1690. 
 
 24. Pp. [12] 107 \\ blank]. 
 
AM E LUNG 31 
 
 AMELUNG (HEINRICH CHRISTIAN). Continued. 
 
 After a dedication and introductory chapter Offenbahrung Gottlicher Majestat ; J. W. Dein- 
 
 there follows a series of thirty-six short extracts heim (sic) ; Eugenius Philalethes ; Cyrenaeus (sic) 
 
 from the following well-known alchemical books Philaletha ; Thomas Norton ; Johann Arnd ; 
 
 and writers : Novum Lumen Chimicum ; Michael Universalis Sapientia ; Ripley ; Gloria Mundi. 
 
 Maier ; Bernardus Trevisanus ; Flamel ; Basil There is no notice of the compiler. 
 Valentin ; D'Espagnet ; P. J. Faber ; Morienus ; 
 
 AMELUNG (PETER). 
 
 Tractatus nobilis primus, in quo Alchimiae seu Chemicae, artis antiquissimae 
 nobilissimae & iucundissimae, cum inventio et progressio, obscuratio & 
 instauratio, turn dignitas, necessitas & utilitas, demonstratur ; et simul con- 
 vincitur, res naturales, ex quibus morborum remedia desumuntur, impura & 
 maligna qualitate non carere, addita dictae labis rerum naturalium origine 
 & causa verissima, in reverentiam, honorem & dignitatem Medicinse 
 Hermeticse ; omnibus studiosis, cum Physicse, ad exactam rerum cognitionem, 
 turn Medicinae, ad perfectam & tutam medicationem utilissimus, opera, studio 
 & vigilijs Petri Amelungii, Stendal. March. Brandeb. Med. Facult. D. I. P. 
 editus. Ab uno in uno, et ad unum omnia. Lipsiae Michael Lantzenberger 
 excudebat. Anno M.D.CVII. Sumtibus lacobi Apelij Bibliopolae. 
 
 8. Pp. 250. 
 
 Tractatus Nobilis Secundus, omnibus Medicinae studiosis utilissimus, continens 
 Apologiam, quae maculam a D. Guilhelmo Bokelio Cellensi, Stendaliae Medico, 
 antiquae nobili & praestanti Hermeticae seu Chemicae Medicinae, temere 
 aspersam abstergit, diluit, atq; repurgat; atq; simul arguit, Qu6d, cum jam 
 dicti Bokelii, non tantum medendi Methodus sit irrationalis atque plane 
 Empirica, veriim etiam cum purgantia, turn alterantia Remedia, quibus utitur, 
 sint venenata, deleteria, corrosiva, impura, &c. sint maxima ex parte peregrina, 
 nostris naturis adversa, corrupta, varie inter se confusa, omittantur in illis 
 Lapides, Mineralia, & Metalla, neque legitima, quae Chemica est, arte 
 praeparata, nee justa, quae tamen omnium debebat esse exactissima, observetur 
 doseos ratio, idque contra Rationem, Experientiam, atque clarissimorum 
 Medicorum medendi Leges, nee possit, nee debeat uti illis amplius. Cum 
 adnexione Responsionis specialioris ; a Petro Amelungio Stendal. March. 
 Brand. Med. D. 1. p. In Reverentiam, Honorem & Dignitatem antiquae 
 nobilis & praestantis Medicinae Hermeticae conscriptus. Lipsiae Abraham 
 Lamberg excudebat, cum Privilegio Sacrae Caes. Majest. 
 
 Pp. [47, i blank] 356. [357 has the printer's device of Pegasus, and colophon : 
 Lipsiae Abrahamus Lamberg excudebat, Sumptibus Jacobi Apelii. Anno M.DC.VIII.] 
 
 Amelung, a physician at Stendal, the inventor of medicines obtained from Vitriol, with a long title : 
 
 certain pills, carried back the history of Alchemy in ' ' Ein edler vnd niitzlicher Hermetischer, oder 
 
 this book to the very earliest times, it having Chymischer Discurs, In welchem zum Ersten mil 
 
 formed part of Adam's learning which he handed festen . . . Griinden der warheit erwiesen wird : 
 
 on to his posterity. William Bokel, another Das so wol der Spiritus als andere . . . Arcana 
 
 Stendal physician, confuted these views, and in reply Medicinalia, die aus . . . dem Vitriol, nach Lehr, 
 
 Amelung wrote his "Apologia" and " Responsio der vralten . . . Kunst Chemias, anbereitet, . . . 
 
 Specialior" against Bokel, which form the second gantz heilsam, . . . zu gebrauchen sey : . . . 
 
 Tractatulus. The first part was printed again in Magdeburg, . . . 1617." Small 8. 
 1618. Amelung wrote a tract on the excellence of 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 876. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina: Practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 Kestner (Medicin, Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. p. 397. (Quotes an edition of Lips. 1618. Query, 
 
 34) says that he studied Medicine for ten years in misprint for 1608 ?) 
 
 German and foreign universities, graduated M.D. Beytrag snr Geschichte der ho hern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 at Jena, 1604, and was an advocate of Chemistry p. 548. 
 
 and chemical remedies. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. 514. 
 
 Jocher, Allgem. Gelehrten-Lex., 1750, i. col. 339. 
 
32 AMELUNG ANCIENT 
 
 AMELUNG (PETER). Continued. 
 
 [Another copy of the Tractatus Primus only.] Lipsiae, M.D.CVII. 
 
 8. Pp. 250. 
 
 AMOR PROXIMI, geflossen aus dem Oel der gottlichen Barmherzigkeit, 
 gescharft mit dem Wein der Weisheit, bekraftiget mit dem Salz der gottlich- 
 und natiirlichen Wahrheit : dem armen zwischen Jericho und Jerusalem 
 verwundeten Nachsten, zum besten ans Licht gegeben. Haag Ao. 1686. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 72. 
 
 This is an excerpt only. 
 
 See QUADRATUM Alchymisticum, 1705; ALIPULI, Centrum Naturae Concentratum, 
 p. 58. 
 
 An excerpt only. 
 
 Another edition, Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1746, of Halle, who called himself "Christian Amour - 
 8, pp. 159. The first edition mentioned is that of eus " or " Amoureux," and " Mystical Saltworker " 
 the Hague, 1678. Kopp (Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. (Saloperarius). In Arnold's account of Moritz 
 394) says the author is not named, but according to (Kirchen und Ketzer Geschichte, 1741, Tom. ii. 
 Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 120, pp. 424-427), though these names are alluded to, 
 it was compiled by Georg Ernestus Aurelius Reger and he is said to have incorporated " principia 
 von Ehrennart out of the MS. of E. P. J. H., i.e. chymica" in his writings, I find no reference to 
 Ericus Pfeffer, Itzehoensis Holsatus, who lived in the present work, nor is it mentioned in what he 
 Amsterdam and wrote many books which never says about Reger. (Ibid. p. 428. ) 
 were printed, but were utilized by Reger, who also The tract is commended with the usual phrase- 
 compiled from them " Nosce teipsum." ology by Fictuld (Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i., p. 8), 
 
 Gottfried Arnold, however, has been credited and with the double-edged criticism of the Beytrag, 
 
 with saying that the real author was Peter Moritz 1785, p. 670. 
 
 ANATOMIA et Physiognomia Simplicium, Das ist : Zween Tractat von der 
 Signatura aller Erdgewachsen, was man nemlich aufs jhrem Geruch, Geschmack 
 vnd anderer jhrer Form vnd Gestalt, vnd jhnen judiciren soil. Niirnberg, 
 Jn Verlegung Wolffgang Endters. M.DC.XLVII. 
 
 8. Pp. 152 [21, i blank]. 
 
 ANCIENNE (L') Guerre des Chevaliers, ou Entretien de la Pierre des Philosophes 
 avec 1'Or et le Mercure, touchant la veritable matiere, dont ceux qui sont 
 savans dans les Secrets de la Nature, peuvent faire la Pierre Philosophale, 
 suivant les regies d'une pratique convenable, & par le secours de Vulcain 
 Lunatique. Compose originairement en Alleman par un tres-habile Philo- 
 sophe, & traduit nouvellement du Latin en Frangois. 
 
 See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, p. I. 
 See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1699, p. i. 
 See HERMETlSCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 15. 
 See HERMETlSCHE (Der) Triumph, 1765, p. 15. 
 
 In the two last the French translation and the German text are on opposite pages. 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, iii. 
 
 p. 181. 
 
 This is a different translation from that pub- Chevaliers," in DIVERS TRAITEZ de la Philosophic 
 lished under the title " Le Tres-Ancien duel des Naturelle, 1672 (q.v.). 
 
 ANCIENT (THE) War of the Knights . . . now from the French render'd into 
 English. 
 See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. i. 
 
ANDREAEANDRIESSEN 33 
 
 ANDREAE QOHANN VALENTIN). 
 
 See ROSENCREUTZ (CHRISTIAN), 1781. 
 
 ANDREAS (HERMANN), Respondent. 
 De Sulphure. 
 
 See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), Presses. 
 
 ANDRIESSEN (SYMON). 
 
 Een schoon Tractaet van sommighe werckingen der Alchemistische dinghen, 
 om Gout, siluer te maken, ende oock van alle calcioneringhe der Planeten, 
 ende andere Materien waeteren ende olyen der seluer te maeken, om wonder- 
 licken daer mede te wercken. Noch een Schoon Tractaet Boecxken, In- 
 holdende van alderley verwen te maecken, ende ooc hoemen alderleye Verwen 
 wrijuen ende legghen sal, Ende is seer goedt ende profijtelijcken, voor alien 
 Schrijuers Schilders, Conterfeyters, en andere Stoffierders, Oock alien anderen 
 Liefhebbers der Consten. Inholdende. xxxiiij. Capittelen. Ghecopuleert 
 ende toesamen ghebracht dorch Symon Andriessen, van Aemstelredam. 
 Gedruckt toe Reefs, By my Derick Wijlicx van Santen. Anno 1581. 
 
 8. Ff. xxviij. Tafeln, &c., ff. [4]. Black letter. 
 The part corresponding to the second in the following edition of 1600, is wanting in this copy. 
 
 Een schoon Tractaet van sommighe werckinghen der Alchimistische dingen, 
 om Gout, Silver ende oock van alle calcioneringe der Planeten, ende andere 
 Materien, Watere ende Olyen der selver te maken. Item noch een Tractaet 
 boecxken, inhoudende van alderley Verwen te maecken, ende oock hoemen 
 alderleye Verwen wryven en leggen sal. Ende is seer goet ende profytelijcken 
 voor alien Schryvers, Schilders, Conterfeyters en andere Stoffierders. Oock 
 alien Liefhebbers der Consten. 
 
 Noch een schoon Konst-boec, seer nutlick voor alien Werclieden, als Hunt- 
 meesteren, Goudtwerckers, Scheyderen, Goudtsmeden, Schilderen ende 
 alien Wercklieden, werckende in Stael, Yser, Koper ende alle ander Metalen. 
 Item om alderhande plecken wt te doen. Om alderhande coleuren te 
 verwen. Van verguldinghe ende versilveringhe. Ende van werckinge der 
 Alchimistisschen dinghen, etc. Ghecopuleert ende te samen ghebracht door 
 Symon Andriessen van Amstelredam. Ghedruckt t' Amstelredam, by 
 Cornelis Claessz. opt Water int Schrijf-boeck. Anno 1600. 
 
 8. First book, ff. xxvj ; Second book, ff. xxvj. Tafel, ff. [4]. Black letter. Cut 
 very close, especially at the bottom the signatures and catchwords being almost cut 
 off. 
 
 The second book has a separate title-page, as follows : 
 
 Const-Boeck: Nieulijck wt den Alchimistischen gront vergadert. Tracterende van 
 alle grontlijcken ghebruyckinghe der Consten. Nutlijck voor alien Wercklieden, als 
 Muntmeesteren, Goudtwerckers, Scheyderen, Goudtsmeden, Schildere ende alien 
 Wercklieden, werckende in Stael, Yser, Koper ende alle ander Metalen. Item om 
 alderhande plecken wt te doen. Om alderhande colueren te verwen. Van verguldinge 
 ende versilveringhe. Ende van werckinghe der Alchemistisschen dingen, etc. 
 
 Ghecolligeert ende eensdeels ghetranslateert, door Symonem Andree van 
 Amsterdam. 
 
 Niemandt en haet die Konst, dan die onwetende. Ghedruckt, Anno 1600. 
 
 These form two of a series of receipt-books ings Phil. Soc. Glasgow, 1887-88, xix. pp. 126-159, 
 intimately connected with one another, of which I and "Supplement," 1893-94, xxv. pp. 224-235). 
 have given an account in a paper entitled : "Early They contain very little about transmutation. The 
 Treatises on Technological Chemistry" (Proceed- oldest is dated 1531 and is entitled Rechter Gebranch 
 
 C 
 
34 
 
 ANDRIESSEN ANGEL US 
 
 ANDRIESSEN (SYMON). Continued. 
 
 d 1 Alchimei (q.v. ). An enlarged edition appeared 
 in 1537, which was republished in 1687 with the 
 title Kunst-Buchlein (y.v.). Portions were incor- 
 porated in the work, compiled or edited by Petrus 
 Kertzenmacher in 1539 : Alchimia. Wie man alle 
 farben . . . mac hen sol. See the reprint of 1613 
 under ALCHIMIA. The Dutch translation, divided 
 into six tracts, was first published, so far as I know, 
 in 1549. It agrees closely with the German of 
 1537 or 1687, certain sections being omitted and 
 some new matter being added. The 1581 edition 
 is in two parts ; one entitled Const-Boeck contains 
 the first five tracts, the other contains the sixth 
 
 tract of the 1549 edition, and a new set of receipts 
 about colours, etc., and is called Een Schoon 
 Tractaet. The 1600 edition is merely a reprint of 
 that of 1581. Practically, therefore, the Dutch 
 version of 1581 and 1600 agrees with the German 
 of 1537 (or 1687), but has a tract on colours, etc., 
 besides. A French translation of Andriessen's 
 work is contained in Landres edition of Alessio's 
 Secrets. See ALKSSIO. 
 
 In the 1549 edition, as also in the 1581 and 1600 
 editions, the author, translator or compiler is called 
 Symon Andree, not Andriessen. I have not met 
 with any notice of him. 
 
 ANEAU (BARTHLEMY). 
 
 See GESNER (CONRAD), Tre'sor des remedes secretz, 1559. 
 
 Ancau was born at Bourges early in the sixteenth 
 century. He acquired such a reputation as a pro- 
 ficient in Latin and Greek and in Poetry, that the 
 Chair of Rhetoric in the newly-founded College at 
 Lyons was offered to him. He accepted it, and 
 for upwards of thirty years -to the end of his life 
 acted as professor. In 1542 he was made Principal, 
 but he was accused of taking advantage of the 
 position to propagate among the students heretical 
 opinions which it is said he acquired from his first 
 schoolmaster. It led to much dissatisfaction, and 
 was ultimately the occasion of his death. On the 
 festival of the Holy Sacrament, 21 June, 1565, 
 
 Les Bibliotheques Francoises de La Croix du 
 Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Juvigny : 1772, T. i. p. 
 78, La Croix's notice : he calls him Berthelemy ; 
 
 while the procession was passing the College, a 
 stone was thrown from one of its windows at the 
 priest who carried the emblems. The people 
 thereupon broke into the College and murdered 
 Aneau, who was looked upon as the instigator, if not 
 the actual perpetrator of the assault. 
 
 Aneau wrote a number of books on poetry, and 
 some translations: More's "Utopia," Alciat's 
 "Emblems," etc., besides the present work of 
 Gesner's. It is difficult to see what induced him 
 to translate it, as he had not apparently any 
 chemical, botanical or medical training, and no 
 practical acquaintance with pharmacy. 
 
 1772, iii. -pp. 208-212, Du Verdier's notice : he calls 
 him Barthelemi. 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires, 1733, xxii. pp, 170-177. 
 
 ANFANG. 
 
 See WESENTLICHEN (Von den) Anfangen der Natur. 
 
 ANFANG der Werck der Philosopher!. 
 
 See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 366. 
 
 ANGELICO (MICHELANGELO). 
 
 Elogia in Theriacam et Mithridaticam Antidotum a Michaele Angelo Angelico 
 Pharmacopaeo Vicentino ad Diui Michaelis Symbolum pristino candori 
 restitutam. Vicentise, apud Dominicum Amadeum. MDCXVI1I. 
 
 Superiorum permissu. 
 
 4- Pp-32. 
 
 Complimentary verses to Angelico by a number discovered and compounded. This is printed 
 of physicians for the successful medicines he had along with his translation of Galen's "Antidotary." 
 
 See GALENUS (CLAUDIUS), 1613. 
 
 ANGELUS (DANIEL). 
 
 D. O. M. A. Catalogus Medicamentorum Spagyricorum Pharmacopoea 
 Spagyricse, Illustrissimi Domini, Domini Comitis Odoardi De Pepulis, in 
 quo de eorum Virtute, Usu & Dosi agitur, cui adjuncta est Appendix de 
 Compositione Medicamentorum generis cujuscunq'; ad morbos diversos Authore 
 Daniele Angelo, Medicin: D. Dantisci, Typis Simonis Reinigeri. Sumptibus 
 Casparis Waechtleri Bibliopolae Francofurt. M.DC.LXVII. 
 
 8. Pp. [10] 129 ; Index [7] ; Appendix, 65 ; Index and Errata [5]. 
 
 For other writings by this physician, see Merck- 125; Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, I. 598; 
 lin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 230 ; Mangel, Bibl. Chirurgica, 1774, i. 425 ; Bibl. Medicine 
 Bibliolhcca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, I. i. p. Practices, 1779, iii. 221. 
 
ANGELUSANONYMUS 35 
 
 ANGELUS Doce Mihi lus. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). 
 
 ANGLICUS (RICHARDUS). 
 
 See RICHARDUS ANGLICUS. 
 
 ANIMADVERSIONES Chemicse qnatuor, quibus ars Tre/at x 7 ?/*""* universa tarn 
 practice quam theorice enudatur. Incerto Authore. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 821. 
 
 As Augurello and Paracelsus are both quoted and reference is made to Ficinus, this tract cannot 
 be earlier than the sixteenth century. 
 
 ANIMALI (DE) rational! ; vom verniinfftigen Thiere und seiner herrlichen Artzney. 
 See VIER Chymische Tractatlein, 1677, p. 52. 
 
 ANNOTATIONES ex variis auctoribus. 
 
 See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600, p. 127. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 776. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 352. 
 
 ANNOTATIONS upon the most material passages where the French Translation 
 of the Ancient War of the Knights, differs from the German Original. 
 See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 21 (bis). 
 
 ANNULUS PLATONIS oder physikalisch-chymische Erklarung der Natur nach 
 ihrer Enstehung, Erhaltung und Zerstohrung von einer Gesellschaft achter 
 Naturforscher aufs neue verbessert und mit vielen wichtigen Anmerkungen 
 herausgegeben. Berlin und Leipzig, bei George Jacob Decker, 1781. 
 
 8. Pp. xxxii. 551. Woodcut of the Aurea Catena. Engraved folding plate of 
 symbols. 
 
 This is an edition of the Aurea Catena Homeri In the preface of the present work the authorship 
 
 revised by a Rosicrucian Society who claimed to be is ascribed to Herwerd von Forchenbrunn, teacher 
 
 the true brethren of the author and the only legal of medicine at Cromau and ' Landphysicus ' in 
 
 heirs of the book. The revision was required on Moravia, and a member of the secret society, in 
 
 account of a spurious third part which had been which he was called Homerus. See Kopp, Die 
 
 tacked to the work. See Aurea Catena Homeri Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 36, 208 (on the Aurea 
 
 under KIRCHWEGER (Anton Joseph). Catena Homeri), 250, 2528", 277. 
 
 ANOMOEUS (JOHANNES JOACHIMUS). Respondent. 
 
 See HORST (GREGORIUS), Problematum Medicorum . . . decades priores quinque, 
 1608. 
 
 ANONYMUS EREMITA. 
 
 See SPLENDOR Salis & Solis, 1677. 
 
 ANONYMUS VON FELDTAW. 
 
 See CROLLIUS (OSWALDUS). 
 
 ANONYMUS GALLUS. 
 
 See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). 
 
 ANONYMUS PHILALETHA. 
 
 Commentarius in Epistolam Georgii Riplaei. 
 
 See STARKEY (GEORGE), Kern der Alchymie, 1685. 
 
36 A NON YMUSA NTIDO TARIUM 
 
 ANONYMUS VON SCHWARTZFUS. 
 See SCHWARTZFUS (Anonymus von). 
 
 ANSPRACHE an die wahren Weisheits-Kinder. 
 See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. i. 
 
 ANTHONY (FRANCIS). 
 
 Francisci Antonii Philosophi et Medici Londinensis Panacea Aurea sive 
 Tractatus' duo de ipsius Auro Potabili, nunc primum in Germania ex 
 Londinensi exemplari excusi, Opera M. B. F. B. 
 Jacobus Sereniss. Rex Angl. 
 Numquid ego Antonium puniam, quia Deus illi benedixit. 
 
 Henr. Nollius. 
 Medicinam Universalem negant multi, sed ij plerumq; id faciunt, qui 
 
 ipsam assequi non valent. 
 
 Hamburgi Ex Bibliopolio Frobeniano. Anno cIoIoCXIIX. 
 8. Pp. [16] 205 [3 blank]. 
 
 Francis Anthony, or An thonie, 1550-1623, practised lished in 1611. Thomas Rawlin wrote an Admonitio 
 
 medicine without a license, advocated chemical medi- de Pseudochymicis, sen Alphabetarhim Philosophi - 
 
 cines, and sold his Panacea Aurea. He got into c urn in quo refutatur aurum potabile Antonij, 1611, 
 
 trouble with the College of Physicians, and wrote 8; and John Cotta wrote another: Cotta contra An- 
 
 Medicin<e Chymicce et veri potabilis Auri assertio, ionium: or An Ant-Antony : or An Ant-Apology, 
 
 Cambridge, 1610. In 1616 he wrote The Apologie, . . . Oxford, 1623, small 4. Schmieder (Geschichte 
 
 or Defence of a Verity heretofore pvblished concern- der Alchemie, 1832, p. 309) quotes another tract by 
 
 ing a Medicine called Aurum Potabile, 4, and in him : De Lapide Philosophorum et Lapide Rebis 
 
 Latin as well. These are the two tracts which are contained in Joh. Rhenanus' Harmonia imper- 
 
 contained in the present reprint. A criticism by scrutabilis, Frankfurt, 1625, 8, Dec. ii. No. 3. 
 Matthew 1 Gwynne, Aurum non Aurum, was pub- 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 25, 195. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mde- 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 376. cine, 1828, i. p. 141. 
 
 Biographia Britannica, 1747, i. pp. 169-172, or Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Abdicate, 1855, i. 
 
 in Kippis' edition, 1778, i. pp. 221-225. P- 3 11 - 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 13. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885, ii. p. 47. 
 Biographic Mddicale, Panckoucke(i82o-25), p. 264. 
 
 Aurum-Potabile, or his receit, showing his way and method how he made and 
 prepared that most excellent medicine for the body of man. 
 
 See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, P- 7 1 - 
 
 ANTIDOTARIO Romano Latino, et Volgare Tradotto da Hippolito Cesarelli 
 Romano. Con 1'aggionta dell' elettione de semplici, e prattica delle Com- 
 positioni. E di due Trattati, vno della Teriaca Romana, e ragione de suoi 
 ingredient! : 1' altro della Teriaca Egittia. Aggiontoui in questa vltima 
 impressione le Auertenze, & Osseruationi appartenenti alia Compositione de 
 Medicameti del Sig. Lodovico Settala Medico Colleg. Protofisico Gener. dello 
 Stato di Milano, e publ. profess, della Scienza Morale, e Polit. nelle Scuole 
 Canob. In Milano, Per Gio. Battista Bidelli, M.DC.XXXV. Con lie. de Sup. 
 4. Pp. [19, i blank] 232. Woodcut border round the title. 
 
 ANTIDOTARIVM Bononiense Novissimum Sapientissimis, ac Illustrissimis DD. 
 Felsineae Patriae Patribus a latrophysico Eiusdem Collegio Dicatum. 
 Bononise Ex Typographia Manolessia. M.DC.LXXIV. Cum Privileges, & 
 Superiorum permissu. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 408. [16]. Vignette of the Arms of Bologna. 
 
 The Antidotario Bolognese, 1574, was due to Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 1810, T. vii. 
 the care and energy of Aldrovandi. Tiraboschi, Part ii. p. 612. 
 
ANTIENTANZRIGENDE 37 
 
 ANTIENT (THE) War of the Knights. . . . Translated from the German Original. 
 See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. i (bis). 
 
 'ANTIKPI2I2 ad Responsum Florentini de Valentia : Das ist : Kurtze Duplic 
 vnnd Defension, auff die Widerantwort, Replic, oder Confutation der Missiven 
 von F. G. Menapio, vnlangst an die Rosencreutzer abgangen : Gestellt zu 
 seiner verwarung von gedachtem F. G. wider besagten Florentinum, vnd 
 guter meynung ans Liecht geben. 
 
 Felix ille animi, divisq; simillimus ipsis, 
 Quem non mendaci resplendens gloria fuco 
 Sollicitat, non fastosi mala gaudia luxus: 
 Sed tacitos sinit ire dies, & paupere cultu 
 Exigit innocuse tranquilla silentia vitse. 
 
 MDCXI1X. 
 
 8. Pp. [31, i blank]. 
 
 F. G. Menapius is said to be a pseudonym of Florentinus de Valentia seems to have been 
 
 Franc. Gentdorp, or Gomez, who called himself Valentin Andreae himself, but according to other 
 
 also Joh. Procopius, Georg Odaxus, and possibly authorities his real name was Daniel Mdgling, of 
 
 Irenicus Agnostus. These are items in the Tubingen. 
 Rosicrucian mystification which is very subtle. 
 
 ANTIMONIO (VoN DEM) Philosophorum, non Vulgi. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz vnd Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii. 
 
 p. 279. 
 See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 570. 
 
 ANTONIE (FRANCIS). 
 
 See ANTHONY (FRANCIS). 
 
 ANTONIUS DE ABBATIA. 
 
 See ABBATIA (ANTONIUS DE). 
 
 ANWEISUNG eines Adepti hermetische Schriften niitzlich zu lesen. Mit 
 Anmerkungen begleitet und zum Druck befordert von einem wahren 
 Freymaurer. Leipzig, bey Christian Gottlob Hilscher, 1782. 
 
 8. Pp. [l-Il] 12-120. 
 
 This book seems to be written for giving sound advice, but it might possibly be read as a covert 
 satire on alchemical literature. 
 
 ANZEIGENDE und warhafftig bezeugende Ampel oder Lampe des Lebens und 
 Todes, auch aller schweren Zufalle im Menschlichen Leibe, Das ist : Lebens- 
 Ampel, oder Leuchte, welche, so lange derjenige Mensch, vor den sie 
 zubereitet, und auff eine gar sonderbare geheime Weise angeziindet worden, 
 stetig ohn Unterlafs fortbrennet ; und wann derselbe Mensch stirbt, zugleich 
 mit ihme auslischt, und gantzlich verlischt, inzwischen aber auch zugleich 
 alle schwere Affecten und gefahrliche Zufalle (im Menschen) gantz richtig 
 anzeigt und zuerkennen giebet. Auff Verlag Veit Jacob Treschers, Buch- 
 handl. in Brefslau. Jena, druckts Joh. Nisius, 1682. 
 
 8. Pp. 94. 
 
38 ANZEIGENDEAQUILA 
 
 ANZEIGENDE und warhafftig bezeugende Ampel. Continued. 
 
 This professes to be an account of a lamp fed with See my "Notes on ... Books of Secrets," Part 
 a liquor made from human blood, which burns as IV., 1885, Trans. Archceol. Soc. Glasgow, New 
 long as the person lives from whom the blood is Series, 1890, i. p. 332. It may be doubted, how- 
 taken, and goes out at his death, besides indicating ever, if the writer here meant his words to be 
 all the important events of his life. References to taken in the literal sense, 
 such a contrivance are met with more than once. 
 
 APELLES post tabulam observans maculas in Sole Sine Veste : ob J. C. O. die 
 wahre Auffschliessung defs Goldes und dem Rubinflufs gnugsam erwiesen? 
 Gedruckt zu Colin, Anno 1684. 
 
 16. Pp. [2] 82. 
 
 J. C. O. is Johann Christian Orschall (q.v.) who tract worthy of a place in his collection of treatises 
 
 wrote Sol sine Veste, in which he describes the on Glass-making, as it is a piece of mere vitupera- 
 
 preparation of ruby glass. This is an anonymous tion (L'Aride Verrerie, Paris, 1752, 4, p. 529). 
 criticism of his views. Holbach did not think this 
 
 APERTA Area Arcani Artificiosissimi. 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 APHORISMES Chymiques. 
 
 See CLIII [Cent cinquante trois] APHORISMES CHYMIQUES, 1692. 
 
 APHORISMI Basiliani. 
 
 See HAPELIUS (N. N.), Cheiragogia Heliana, 1612, p. 213. 
 
 APOCALYPSE Philosophique et Hermetique. 
 See D * * *, Le Grand Livre de la Nature. 
 
 APOLLINARIS (QUINTUS). 
 
 Kurtzes Hand-Biichlein, vnd Experiment, vieler Artzneyen, durch den gantzen 
 Corper defs Menschens, von dem Haupt bifs auff die Fiifs. Sampt lebendiger 
 Abcontrafactur etlicher der fiirnembsten vnd gebrauchlichsten Krautter, vnd 
 daraufs gebrandten vnd distillierten Wassern, Krafft vnd Tugend. Durch 
 den hochgelehrten Q. Apollinarem selbs erfahren vnd bewehrt. Jetzund von 
 newem mit vielen Krauttern vnd Experimenten gemehret vnd gebessert. 
 Sampt dem Experimentbuchlein von Zwantzig Pestilentz Wurtzlen defs 
 Hochgelehrten Tarquinii Ocyori. Cum gratia & privilegio Imperial}. 
 Strafsburg, Verlegt vnd gedruckt bey Josias Stadel. Anno M.DC.LIX. 
 
 8. Ff. [2] ccxij [xvii, i blank]. Title red and black. Numerous woodcuts of 
 plants. 
 
 There is a Latin version, "now first translated Mercklin, Lindenius Renovatus, 1686, p. 928. 
 from the German," by R. Goclenius, Francof. 1610, Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgica, 1699, p. 
 8. 224. 
 
 APPENDIX ad Faciliorem Radicis Chymiae intellectum. 
 See RADIX CHIMLE, 1680. 
 
 AQUARIUM Sapientum. 
 
 See SIEBMACHER (jOHANN AMBROSIUS). 
 
 AQUILA (H.), Thuringus. 
 
 Doctrina elegans de opere philosophic, ex libro MS. 
 See TRACTATUS duo Chemici, 1647, p. 28. 
 
 See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 5'- 
 
AQUILA ARCANUM 39 
 
 AQUILA (H.), Thuringus. Continued. 
 
 Eine sonderbare Lehre aus einem geschriebenen Buch. 
 See TAEDA Trifida Chimica, 1674, p. 297. 
 
 AQUINAS (THOMAS). 
 
 See THOMAS AQUINAS. 
 
 ARBORE (DE) Solari instructio. 
 
 See INSTRUCTIO de Arbore solari. 
 
 For books entitled 'Arbor,' see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 378. 
 
 ARCA Arcanorum arcani. 
 
 See APERTA ARCA. 
 
 ARCANI Revelator. 
 
 See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator. 
 
 ARCANUM Hermeticae Philosophiae Opus. 
 See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). 
 
 ARCANUM de multiplicatione philosophica in qualitate. 
 
 See JOANNES DE PADUA. 
 
 ARCANUM Philosophiae Hermeticse Anonymi Galli (i.e. Jean d'Espagnet). 
 See HANNEMANN (JOHANN LUDWIG), Pharus ad Ophir Auriferum, 1714. 
 This is a commentary upon Espagnet's work. 
 
 ARCANUM Philosophicum. 
 
 Tractatus de Secretissimo Antiquorum Philosophorum Arcano. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 554. 
 
 This contains extracts from : i. Rogerius Baco ; Richardus Anglicus ; 7. Calid Rex ; 8. Avicenna ; 
 2. Raymundus Lullius ; 3. Rosarius Arnoldi ; 4. 9. Bernhardus Comes ; 10. Turba Philosophorum. 
 Clamor (sic) Buccinoe ; 5. Rosarius Minor ; 6. 
 
 ARCANUM a quodam Philosopho Anonymo deductum. 
 
 See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator, 1688, p. 483. 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (F.), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. p. 728. 
 This is included in the Annotationes appended to Antouius de Abbatia's Epistola. 
 
 ARCANUM Philosophorum. 
 
 See MAGNI PHILOSOPHORUM Arcani Revelator. 
 
 ARCANUM Philosophorum, ut ex Saturno facias aurum perfectum. 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 250. 
 
 ARCANUM Philosophorum, per virum doctissimum olim versu hexametro 
 conscriptum. 
 See BARNAUD (NICOLAS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. [5]. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 783. 
 
 This is followed by a commentary on it by Nicolas Barnaud. 
 
40 ARCETAR1A 
 
 ARCET (JEAN D'). 
 
 Memoire sur 1'action d'un Feu egal, violent, et continue pendant plusieurs jours 
 sur un grand nombre de Terres, de Pierres & de Chaux Mdtalliques essaye'es 
 pour la plupart telles qu'elles sortent du sein de la Terre. Lu a 1' Academic 
 Royale des Sciences les 16 & 28 Mai 1766. Par M. D'Arcet, Docteur Regent 
 de la Faculte de Medecine de Paris. A Paris, Chez P. G. Cavelier, 
 Libraire, rue Saint Jacques, au Lys d'or. M.DCC.LXVI. Avec Approbation 
 & permission. 
 
 8. Pp. 122. 
 
 Second Memoire sur Faction d'un Feu egal, . . . Lu . . . les 7 & n Mai 1768. 
 A Paris, . . . M.DCC.LXXI. . . . 
 
 8. Pp. vj, 170. 
 
 Discours en forme de dissertation sur 1'etat actuel des Montagnes des Pyrenees, 
 et sur les causes de leur degradation : Prononce par M. D'Arcet, Docteur- 
 Re'gent de la Faculte de Medecine de Paris, Lecteur & Professeur Royal, pour 
 son Installation & 1'Inauguration de la Chaire de Chimie au College de France, 
 le ii Decembre 1775. On y a joint des Expediences & des Observations sur 
 les variations du Barometre, sur le Thermometre, & autres morceaux de 
 Physique, d'Histoire naturelle & de Chimie, avec une note de M. le Mounier, 
 sur 1'Aiguille aimante'e. A Paris, Chez P. G. Cavelier, Libraire, rue Saint- 
 Jacques, au Lys d'or. M.DCC.LXXVI. Avec Approbation & Privilege 
 du Roi. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 3-134 [i, i blank]. 
 
 Jean Darcet or d'Arcet (1725-1801) was professor France. He was Inspector of the Mint and of the 
 
 at the College of France, Regent of the Faculty of Gobelins, and was a distinguished technical 
 
 Medicine, and afterwards director at the Sevres chemist, 
 works. He was the first who made porcelain in 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798-99, ii. 528 ; edition, but Darcet in the second, and gives his 
 
 iii. passim. birth-year as 1727. 
 
 M. J. J. Dize 1 , Prdcis historique sur la vie et les Biographic Universelle 1852, x. p. 129. 
 
 travaux de J. d'Arcet, 1802. Hoefer, Nouvelle Biographic Generale 1855, 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, " P- 4 2 '< c l- IO2 - 
 
 1869, ii. p. 530. He calls him d'Arcet in the first Cuvier, Recueil des eloges historiques, 1861, tome 
 
 i. p. 99. 
 
 ARDUINO (GIOVANNI). 
 
 Sammlung einiger mineralogisch- chymisch- metallurgisch- und oryktographischer 
 Abhandlungen, des Herrn Johann Arduino, und einiger Freunde desselben. 
 Aus dem Italianischen iibersetzt, durch A. C. v. F. C. S. B. C. R. Dresden, 
 1778. In der Waltherischen Hofbuchhandlung. 
 
 8. Pp. [ii] 6-362. Vignette and 2 folding plates. 
 
 Arduino (1714-1795) was professor of Mineralogy of him in Emilio de Tipaldo's Biografia degli 
 and Metallurgical Chemistry at Venice, and wrote Ilaliani illustri nelle scienze, lettere ed arti del 
 several books on these subjects. There is a notice secolo, xviii., Vinegia, vol. vii. (1840), pp. 72-86. 
 
 AREND QOHANN). 
 
 See ARNDT (JOHANN). 
 
 ARGENTO (DE) in aurum verso Historiola antiqua. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 1 70. 
 
 ARIA von der Weisen Stein. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, p. 217. 
 
ARIADNE ARISTOTELES 41 
 
 ARIADNE. 
 
 See FILET (Le) d' Ariadne. 
 
 See Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 369. 
 
 ARIOPONUS CEPHALUS. 
 
 See CEPHALUS (ARIOPONUS). 
 
 ARIOSTUS (FRANCISCUS). 
 
 Francisci Ariosti de Oleo Montis Zibinii seu Petroleo Agri Mutinensis Libellus 
 e Manuscriptis membranis editus ab Olig. Jacobaeo. Hafnise, Literis Reg. 
 Maj. & Univ. Typogr. Joh. Phil. Bockenhoffer, 1690. 
 8. Pp. 79 [i blank]. Index [2] [2 blank]. 
 
 Franciscus Ariostus was a physician and professor then (pp. 38-76) a description of cures effected by 
 
 of Civil Law at Ferrara. He died in 1492. Oligerus the use of it. The work concludes (pp. 77-79) with 
 
 Jacobaeus, the editor, addresses his work to the a presentation letter from Ariostus to Duke Borsius 
 
 famous Magliabecchi, in a dedication (pp. 3-8) full dated December, 1462, and the Duke's reply, after 
 
 of admiration for his vast erudition and for his which is the Index. This is an interesting tract, 
 kindness to himself personally. Then follows Hendreich's entry (Pandecta Brandenburgicce, 
 
 (pp. 9-12) a preface to the reader giving some 1699, p. 269) is curious: ARIOSTUS Francisc. 
 
 account of this mineral oil, or naphtha, found at Peregrinus, Medicus Italus. De Petrelaeo vel 
 
 Mons Zibius, Gybius, or Zilius, in the Modenese Petrasoleo tract, quern inter rariora Musaei sui 
 
 territory, comparing it with naphtha from India and servasse Joan: Rhodium, & luci destinasse, nisi 
 
 indicating certain analogies with amber. There is mors interrupisset, testatur Velschius de vend 
 
 next a short biographical sketch in Italian of Medinensi, p. 323. Apparently he did not know 
 
 Ariostus, written by Antonio Libanori and communi- that the book had been printed. In the British 
 
 cated by Magliabecchi (pp. 13-17). The tract Museum Catalogue other editions are mentioned, 
 itself (pp. 18-38) gives an account of the oil, and 
 
 ARISLEUS. 
 
 ^Enigmata ex Visione Arislei. ' 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER. . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 94. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 107. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 133. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa^-i7O2, i. p. 495. 
 
 See TURBA PHILOSOPHORUM. 
 
 Arisleus or Arislaeus is known in connection with the " Turba Philosophorum," of which he has been 
 called the author. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce, 1699, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, 1870, Nos. 
 
 p. 270. 710-715. This author seems to identify Arisleus 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 124. and Aristeus. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 291 ; Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. 96 ; ii. 323, 351. 
 1866, i. p. 311, on the Turba. 
 
 ARISTEUS. 
 
 Verba Aristei Patris ad Filium. 
 
 See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). 
 
 Kopp (Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 96) says that he whose name is erroneously written sometimes (as 
 has been unable to find any particulars about this by Mangel) Aristeus. 
 author, but that he is different from Arisleus (q.v. ) 
 
 ARISTOBULUS. 
 
 See TRAUME des griechischen Philosopher! Aristobulus, 1762. 
 
 ARISTOTELES. 
 
 Tractatulus de Practica lapidis Philosophici. 
 See ALCHIMIA (DE) OPUSCULA, 1550, i. f. 162. 
 See ARTIS AURIFER.* . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 232. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 659. 
 
42 ARISTOTELESARLOMUS 
 
 ARISTOTELES. Continued. 
 
 Em Tractatlein von der Practica des Philosophischen Steins. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 310. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 377. 
 See ARNALDUS de Villa Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 337. 
 This is a translation of the preceding. 
 
 De Perfecto Magisterio. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 188. 
 
 < See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 76. 
 
 See MANGET ( J. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 638. 
 
 Tractatus ad Alexandrum Magnum, de Lapide philosophico olim conscriptus 
 et a quodam Christiano Philosopho collectus. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 787. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 356. 
 
 Tractat an Alexandrum Magnum vom Stein der Weisen vor Zeiten geschrieben, 
 und von einem Christlichen philosopho zusammen gelesen. 
 See ALCHYMISTISCHES Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- 69; 1 77 2 > P- 85. 
 This is a translation of the preceding. See ALEXANDER. 
 
 Aus Aristotelis Schreiben an Alexandrum. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 316. 
 
 Schmieder (Geschichte der Alcliemie, 1882, p. pupil of Avicenna, and adds that if the name of 
 
 120) has confused these writings. Under the title, Alexander the Great is mentioned in his writings, 
 
 Tractatus de lapide philosophico, he has put the it must be ascribed to those who copied his works, 
 
 "Tractatus or Tractatulus de practica lapidis," in or to the want of accuracy of the time. He 
 
 theArtis Aurifercs . . . vol. i. , and the " Tractatus certainly quotes Calid, Rasis, and the Turba. 
 ad Alexandrum Magnum de lapide " in the Theat- Fabricius {Bibliotheca Grceca, Hamburgi, 1724, 
 
 rum Chemicum, vol. v., as if they were the same. vol. xii. p. 709) follows up Borrichius and gives a 
 
 If he had compared them he would have seen that list of his works similar to the above, but containing 
 
 they are quite different. As a consequence of this references to other editions of the Ars aurifera and 
 
 mistake he makes another, by omitting the reprint Theatrum. 
 
 in the Artis Auriferce . . . vol. i., of the tract Schmieder, founding upon Borrichius, gives a 
 
 which he calls: "Practica lapidis philosophic!, " plausible hypothesis of the writer's origin. He 
 
 and quoting only the De Alchimia Opuscula, and quotes no authority, however, and after the inac- 
 
 Manget's Bibliotheca. curacy he has displayed in so definite a matter as 
 
 The author of these writings was posterior to the the arranging of the reprints of the works, one 
 
 Greek philosopher, and is now spoken of as the would certainly not accept any view advanced on 
 
 pseudo-Aristotle. Whether one person wrote them Schmieder's bare statement. 
 
 all, whether his name may have been really Aristotle See, for a discussion on the pseudo- Aristotle, 
 
 (as Schmieder thinks is possible), or whether he Kopp's Beitrdge sur Geschichte der Chemie (1869), 
 
 assumed the name to give his works more weight, p. 358, note 45, and Hoefer (Histoire de la Chimie, 
 
 it is not easy to decide. Borrichius (Conspectus 1866, i. p. 347) who, however, advances a different 
 
 Scriptorum Chemicorum, 1697, p. 14) says that he explanation of the allusions to Alexander. See 
 
 was not the Stagirite, but one who learned from also Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 219, etc. 
 the Arabic philosophers and who calls himself a 
 
 ARLENSIS DE SCUDALUPIS. 
 
 See PETRUS Arlensis de Scudalupis. 
 
 ARLOMUS. 
 
 Liber Arlomi. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 206. 
 
 See SUCHTEN (A. VON), " Concordantia Chymica," Chymische Schrifften, 1680, 
 p. 1 06. 
 
 Kieser's is an edition of v. Suchten's tract. 
 
ARNALDUS 43 
 
 ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA. 
 
 Arnaldi de Villanova, Philosophi, Medici et Chymici Excellentissimi, omnia, 
 quae exstant, Opera Chymica : videlicet, Thesaurus Thesaurorum : seu 
 Rosarius Philosophorum : ac omnium secretorum maximum secretum. Lumen 
 Nouum. Flos Florum, & Speculum Alchimiae. Quibus nimirum artis huius 
 mysteria etiam secretissima, luculenter enodantur, & quam maxima licet, & 
 potest fieri perspicuitate explicantur. Nunc primum ita coniunctim edita, 
 opera & impensis, Hieronymi Megiseri, Co. P. Caesarei, & Archidd. Austriae 
 Historiographo. Francofurti, Typis loachimi Bratheringij. Anno 1603. 
 
 8. Pp. 120. 
 
 The Speculum has a separate title-page and pagination as follows : 
 
 Arnaldi de Villanoua, Medici et Philosophi Eccellentissimi, Speculum 
 Alchimiae : quo videlicet Artis Chimicae Mysteria et iam secretissima, 
 luculenter enodantur, &, quam maxima licet & potest fieri, perspicuitate 
 explicantur : Liber, nunc primum in lucem editus, opera & impensis 
 Hieronymi Megiseri, Co. P. Caesarij, & Archidd. Austriae Historiographi. 
 Francofurti, Ex Officina Typographica Matthias Beckeri. M. DC. III. 
 
 8. Pp. 80. 
 
 There is an edition of the Speculum Alchimite, 1603 is an entirety new edition, not the 1602 
 Francofurti, ex officina Typographica hseredum edition with a new title-page. 
 Romani Beati, 1602, 8, pp. 76 [4 blank]. The 
 
 [Another copy of the Speculum only.] Francofurti, M.DC.III. 
 
 8. Pp. 80. 
 
 Des Weltberuhmten und hocherfahrnen Philosophi und Medici Arnaldi de 
 Villa Nova Chymische Schrifften, Darinnen begriffen 
 I. Rosarius Philosophorum. 
 II. Novum Lumen. 
 
 III. Flos Florum. 
 
 IV. Spiegel der Alchimie. 
 
 V. Eine Epistel an den Neapolitanischen Konig. 
 
 Worbey zugleich mit angefiiget. 
 
 VI. Der Prophetin Marien, Moysis Schwester Practica. 
 VII. Ein Buch von der Alchimie Geheimnissen, durch Calid den Sohn 
 
 Jazichii zusammen getragen. 
 
 VIII. Ein Buch des Philosophi Kallid Rachaidibi, von den dreyen Worten. 
 IX. Ein Tractatlein Aristotelis von der Practica des Philosophischen 
 
 Steins. 
 X. Der Tractat, so der Weiber-Arbeit und der Kinder Spiel genennet 
 
 wird. 
 
 Allen Liebhabern der wahren Alchimie zu Gefallen aus dem Latein mit 
 hochstem Fleifs in Teutscher Sprache iibersetzet, Durch lohannem Hoppo- 
 damum. Verlegts, Johann Paul Kraufs, Kayser- und Konigl. Privilegirter 
 Niederlags-Verwandter, Buchhandler in Wienn. 1:748. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 411. [5 pp. of advertisements]. Title red and black. 
 
44 ARM ALDUS 
 
 ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA. Continued. 
 Ars Major. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 254. 
 
 Carmen. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 542. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 698. 
 
 Collectanea. 
 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, f. 136. 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, oder Neuerfundene kostliche Perle, 
 1714, p. 331. 
 
 Taken chiefly from the Rosarius. 
 
 De Decoctione Lapidis Philosophorum, et de regimine ignis in diversis gradibus 
 decoctionum ad coagulationem lapidis. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 137. 
 
 [Eine Epistel Arnaldi de Villa Nova wegen der Alchimie, an den Neapolitanischen 
 Konig geschrieben.] s. 1. & a. 
 
 8. Pp. 253-262. 
 
 A fragment from an edition of Arnaldus" works. It agrees with the corresponding pages in the 
 edition of 1748. 
 
 Epistola Nova super Alchymiam, ad Regem Neapolitan um. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemize . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 65. 
 See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 323. 
 See ULSTADIUS (PHILIPPUS), Coelum Philosophorum, 1630, p. 339. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 683. 
 
 Epistola al Re di Napoli. 
 
 See NAZARI (GIO. BATTISTA), Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599; 
 p. 229. 
 
 Epistel iiber die Alchimiam geschrieben an den Newsletter Konig. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 422. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 511. 
 
 Erklarung tiber den Commentarium Hortulani. 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1659, p. 8 1. 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1 682, p. 8 1. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDRICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 533. 
 
 Flos florum. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemiae . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 67. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 311. 
 
 See ULSTADIUS (PHILIPPUS), Coelum Philosophorum, 1630, p. 311. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 128. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 679. 
 
 This tract goes by several other names. Grata- Thesaurus omnium incomparabilis et Margarita : in 
 
 rolo and the Theatrum style it : Liber Perfecti quo reperitur veri compositio Elixir, tarn ad album 
 
 Magisterii, qui Lumen Luminum nuncupatur. In quam ad rubeum componendum videlicet ad Solem 
 
 the others the title is elaborated : Incipit Perfectum et Lunam sub compendio declaratum. All agree 
 
 Magisterium, et Gaudium magistri Arnaldi de in calling it Flos florum. The two following are 
 
 Villa nova, transmissum per eum ad inclytum translations : 
 Regem Aragonum, quod quidem est Flos florum, 
 
ARN ALDUS 45 
 
 ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA. Continued. 
 
 Libro chiamato Magisterio et Allegrezza, all' Inclito Re d' Aragona. II quale 
 
 e il Fiore de Fiori, & Tesoro piu di tutti incomparabile, & Margarita. . . . 
 
 See NAZARI (GIO. BATT.), Delia Tramutatione Metallic^ Sogni tre, 1599, p. 220. 
 
 Das vollkommene Meisterstuck vnnd Frewde . . . welches zwar ein Blum aller 
 Blumen, ein vnvergleichlicher Schatz vnnd Berle. . . . 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 407. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Pbilosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 493. 
 
 Lapide (De) Philosophorum. 
 
 See ULSTADIUS (PHILIPPUS), Coelum Philosophorum, 1630, p. 327. 
 
 Novum Lumen. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemise . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 60. 
 See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 298. 
 See ULSTADIUS (PHILIPPUS), Coelum Philosophorum, 1630, p. 296. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 676. 
 
 Newes Liecht. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 393. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 476. 
 
 Novo Lume. 
 
 See NAZARI (GIO. BATT.), Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 211. 
 
 Practica ad quendam Papam, ex Libro dicto, Breuiarius Librorum Alchymise. 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Veras Alchymias . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 73. 
 
 Sfe THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 137. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 684. 
 
 Qusestiones de Arte Transmutationis. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 151. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 544. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 698. 
 
 Rosarius Philosophorum. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchymiae . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 35. 
 See ARTIS AURlFERvE . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 253. 
 See ULSTADIUS (PHILIPPUS), Coelum Philosophorum, 1630, p. 231. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 662. 
 
 Rosario de Filosofi. 
 
 See NAZARI (GIO. BATT.), Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 169. 
 
 Rosarium der Philosophorum. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 369. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 447. 
 
 This treatise is also called : Thesaurus Thesaur- of the second book is omitted except the last 
 
 orum, omnium secretorum maximum Secretum, de chapter. He gives the contents of the other 
 
 verissima compositione naturalis Philosophise, qua chapters and explains in a note that as these had 
 
 omne diminutum reducetur ad Solificum et Luni- been already translated and published separately 
 
 ficum verum. he might be spared the trouble of translating them 
 
 In Morgenstern's German translation the whole again. 
 
46 A RN ALDUS 
 
 ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA. Continued. 
 Semita Semitse. 
 
 See SEMITA SEMI1VE. 
 
 This has been ascribed to Arnaldus, but is by Mangel, Bibliotlieca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. 
 doubtful. It is included among Arnaldus' works pp. 702-704. 
 
 Speculum Alchymlse. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 515. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 687. 
 Testamentum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 28 ; 1660, v. p. 803. 
 
 Testamentum. 
 
 See DORN (GERHARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600, p. 126. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 753- 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 389 ; ii. p. 352. 
 
 This is a different version from the preceding, ing to Manget. In his reprint, i. p. 389, however, 
 made by Andreas Ortelius from the French, accord- the second paragraph is omitted. 
 
 Testamentum Novissimum. 
 
 See GERHARDUS (JOANNES), Commentatio perbreyis et conspicua in Apertorium 
 Raimundi Lullii, . . . 1641, p. 81. 
 This is a third version different from both the preceding, with a Commentary. 
 
 Testamentum Novum. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . Volumina, 1610, iii. p. 175. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 704. 
 This is a different tract from the preceding. 
 
 Arnaldus being one of the great authorities then took up the study of Arabic philosophy, went 
 
 among the alchemists, his name is mentioned in all to Italy and returned to Spain, and was in favour 
 
 the histories. Special reference, however, may be with James II., King of Arragon, Ultimately he 
 
 made to the monograph on him by Haure'au in went to Paris and acquired a great reputation by 
 
 Histoire Littdraire de la France, 1881, T. xxviii. his attainments. He fell latterly into disrepute 
 
 pp. 26-126. Besides the editions and reprints by his astrological predictions, provoked the ecclesi- 
 
 enumerated in the present Catalogue, the Alchemi- astics and the L) niversity, and departed from Paris 
 
 cal tracts are contained also in Arnaldus' collected and went under the protection of Frederick of 
 
 works along with his medical writings, as in the Sicily. Summoned to attend Pope Clement V., 
 
 edition of Lyons, 1532, folio, to which is prefixed who was ill, he embarked to go to Avignon, but he 
 
 the account of his life by Symphorianus Campegius. died in the ship, and was buried at Genoa, in 1313. 
 
 By some writers Arnaldus is called Bachuone. The Inquisition in 1317 condemned fifteen errors 
 
 There is some doubt as to which of the Villa of which he was guilty. 
 
 Nova's-he belonged to, but the balance of evidence His collected works were published at Lyons, 
 
 is in favour of his having been a Spaniard. He 1504, 1532 ; Basel, 1585 ; Lyons, 1686, all in folio, 
 
 lived in the thirteenth century, devoted himself to A list of them is given by Niceron. 
 Chemistry and Medicine, and afterwards to Physics ; 
 
 Castellanus, Vita illustrium Medicorum, Ant- Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 
 werp., 1617, p. 152. 1697, p. 15, No. xxii. 
 
 Imperialis, Museum historicum et physicum, Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 
 
 Venet., p. 8, with a portrait. 1700, p. 328 refers to what he did for medicine. 
 
 Estevan de Villa, Las Vidas de doze principes de Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 56. 
 
 medicina, Burgos, 1647. Pope-Blount, Censura celebriorum authorum, 
 
 Del Rio, Disquisitionum magicorum Libri Sex, Geneva, 1710, p. 427. 
 
 Lugd. 1612, p. 5, 2, A ; 36, 2, B. J. de Haitze, Biographic d'Arnaud de Ville- 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis libri duo, neuve, Aix, 1719, 12 under the pseudonym Pierre 
 
 1637, p. 51. Joseph. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 29. Freind, The History of Physick, London, 1725-26, 
 
 Borrichius, Dissertatio de Ortu et Progressu ii. pp. 224, 251-2, 256. 
 
 Chemice, 1668, pp. 128, 134. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina medics et infimG 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 90-92. cetatis, 1858, i. p. 129. 
 
 Conring, In . . . Artem Medicam Introductio, Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 253. 
 
 1687, iii. 26, p. 102 ; and Ad. iii. 26, 3, p. 129. Stolle, Historie der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum eruditioneclarorum, 1731, pp. 106, 117, 122, 123. 
 
 1688, p. 1209, Portrait, pi. 54. Stolle, Historie der Gelahrheit, 1736, p. 565. 
 
ARNALDUSARNA ULD 
 
 47 
 
 ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA. Continued, 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, H. ii. p. 531. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires, 1736, T. xxxiv. pp. 82-106. 
 Kestner, Medicinischts Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 8 95- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Hist, de la Philosophic 
 HtKmMque, 1742, i. p. 138 ; iii. pp. 322-326, etc. 
 
 Vogt, Catalogus . . . Librarian Rariorum, 
 1747, p. 711. 
 
 Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. 1054. 
 
 Chauffepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 
 Amst. 1750, i. p. 480 (letter A). 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 159. 
 
 Eloy, Diet. Hist, de la Medecine, 1755, i. p. 96. 
 
 Astruc, Mtmoires pour servir d thistoire de la 
 Facidtt de Mfdecine de Montpelier, 1767. 
 
 Portal, Hist, de I'Anatomieet de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, i. p. 206. 
 
 Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der 
 Alchemic, 1777, p. 222. He says he did nothing 
 great and wrote only one book on Alchemy. This 
 is not quite accurate. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 109-119, 586, 594. 
 
 Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus, 
 Matriti, 1788, ii. p. 112, No. 31. 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Alchemic, 1789, p. 101. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 27. 
 
 Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Geschichte 
 dcs so genannten Goldmachens, 1805, p. 16. 
 
 Barrett, Lives of the Adepts, 1815, p. 23. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii. 
 pp. 618-625. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke, i. pp. 
 352-363- 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Mtdecine, 1828, i. p. 178. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 146. 
 Grasse, Litcrdrgeschichte, Dresden, 1842, ii. 2, 
 
 P- 534- 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 384- 
 394 ; 1866, i. 409-418. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 65, et 
 passim. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mddicale, 1855, 
 i. p. 129. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 1867, vi. p. 146, with a long list of his 
 works. 
 
 Figuier, Vie des Savants illustres du Moyen Age, 
 1867, pp. 237-254. 
 
 Henschel, Janus, ii. pp. 526-546. 
 
 Ladrague, Bill. Ouvaroff; Sciences Secretes, 
 Moscou, 1870, No. 762. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, ' P- 7 l8 - 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, 
 iii. p. zoo. 
 
 Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Mtdecine Arabe, 
 Paris, 1876, ii. p. 468. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1880, i. p. 560; 2nd 
 Series, 1896, i. p. 666. 
 
 Histoire Litttraire de la France, 1881, t. xxviii. 
 pp. 26-126. Elaborate article by Haure'au. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. 19, et passim. 
 
 Marc Haven, La vie et les ceuvres de Maitre 
 Arnaud de Villeneuve, Paris, 1896, 4. 
 
 Emmanuel Lalande, Arnaud de Villeneuve, sa 
 vie et ses ceuvres, Paris, 1896, 4. These two 
 works are identical ! 
 
 ARNAUD (E. R.). 
 
 Introduction a la Chymie, ou a la vraye Physique. Ou le Lecteur trevvera la 
 definition de toutes les Operations de la Chymie; la fagon de les faire, 
 & des Exemples en suitte tres-rares sur chaque Operation; & le tout dans 
 vn tres-bel ordre. Par E. R. Arnaud, Docteur en Medecine. A Lyon, 
 Chez Claude Prost, en rue Merciere, k 1'Occasion. M.DC.L. Avec 
 Permission. 
 
 8. Pp. [40] 112. 
 
 ARNAULD (PIERRE). 
 
 Trois Traictez de la Philosophic Naturelle, non encore imprimez. Scavoir, le 
 secret livre du tres-ancien philosophe Artephius, traictant de 1'art occulte & 
 transmutation metallique, Latin Frangois. Plus les Figures Hierogliphiques 
 de Nicolas Flamel, ainsi qu'il les a mises en la quatriesme arche qu'il a bastie 
 au Cimetiere des Innocens a Paris, entrant par la grande porte de la rue 
 S. Denys, & prenant la main droite, auec 1'explication d'icelles par iceluy 
 Flamel. Ensemble le vray liure du docte Synesius Abbe Grec, tire* de la 
 Bibliotheque de 1'Empereur sur le mesme sujet, le tout traduict par P. Arnauld, 
 sieur de la Cheuallerie Poicteuin. 
 
 Si te fata vocant, alias non viribus vllis, 
 Neque etiam duro poteris conuellere ferro. Virgil. 
 
 A Paris, Chez la vefue M. Guillemot & S. Thiboust, au Palais, en la galerie 
 des prisonniers. M.DCXII. Auec Priuilege du Roy. 
 
4 8 
 
 ARNA ULDARNOLPHINUS 
 
 ARNAULD (P.). Continued. 
 
 4". Pp. 98 (wanting 87-8). One large woodcut on a folding sheet. Seven wood- 
 cuts in the text ; there ought to be eight, but one is on p. 87, which is wanting. 
 
 As I have pointed out elsewhere (" On the First 
 Editions of the Chemical Writings of Democritus 
 and Synesius," in Proceedings Phil. Soc. Glasgow, 
 1885, vol. xvi. p. 45), there are at least two issues of 
 this book dated 1612, printed by the same people, 
 but differing typographically throughout. The 
 present copy contains title, privilege, preface, 
 pp. 1-5 ; the secret book of Artephius, pp. 6-43, 
 44 blank ; fly-title to Flamel, address to the reader, 
 and text of Flamel, pp. 45-88 (wanting 87-88) ; fly- 
 title and text of Synesius, pp. 89-98. At the foot 
 of p. 98 is the colophon : Acheu6 d'imprimer aux 
 frais & despens du Sieur | Traducteur, ce 6. Auril, 
 1612. | 
 
 The other issue is as follows : Title, privilege, 
 preface, pp. 1-5 ; Artephius, pp. 6-45, 46 blank ; 
 fly-title, to the reader, and text of Flamel, pp. 47- 
 
 93 ; fly-title and text of Synesius, pp. 94-103. At 
 the foot of p. 103 is the colophon : Acheu6 d'im- 
 primer aux frais & despens du Sieur | Traducteur, 
 ce 6. Auril, 1612. | 
 
 In 1659 the surplus copies of the 98-page edition 
 were reissued, with the date, 1612, changed in the 
 colophon to 1659. This is not a new edition, but 
 the old one with an altered date. , 
 
 In 1682 the surplus copies of the 1659 altered 
 edition were issued with an entirely new preface 
 and with a supplement, pp. 99-106, containing 
 Ripley's " Trait6 du Mercure . . ." The 1659 
 colophon is at the foot of p. 98 unaltered. 
 
 This book is printed on inferior paper and most 
 of the copies I have examined have been imperfect, 
 damaged, stained or dirty. The large folding plate 
 of Flamel's hieroglyphics is usually awanting. 
 
 ARNDT (JOHANN). 
 
 Judicium uber die vier Figuren des grossen Amphitheatri Henrici Khunraths. 
 See CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein, 1747, p. 87. 
 
 This author's name is spelt in various ways : 
 Arnd, Arndt, Arend. Gmelin (Geschichte der 
 Chemie, 1797, i. p. 555) says that, like Boehme, he 
 was not an alchemist but only used the language 
 and imagery of the alchemists for his mysticism. 
 He is warmly praised by Fictuld (Probier-Stein, 
 I 753> i- P- I 4) f r ms P' et y from which one gathers 
 that Fictuld attached a religious meaning to trans- 
 mutation and the philosopher's stone. 
 
 He was born at Ballenstadt in 1555, and died at 
 
 Johann Valentin Andreae, Mythologia Christiana, 
 1619, p. 5. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum erudilione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 409, pi. 20. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, May n, 
 1621 ; Sig. Ri recto. 
 
 H. C. Amelung, Chymische Untersuchung, 1690 
 (q. v. ), has some extracts from Arndt. 
 
 Hendreicb, Pandectce Brandenburgicce, 1699, p. 
 288. 
 
 Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, 
 
 P- 95- 
 
 Niceron, Mdmoires, 1745, xliii. p. 239. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 552. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 13. 
 
 Zelle in 1621. He was a distinguished theologian 
 and preacher, and wrote a number of works, com- 
 mentaries, sermons, etc. As to whether he was a 
 Rosicrucian or not, arid studied Alchemy and 
 Magic, see Gottfried Arnold's Kirchen und Ketzer 
 Historic, Schauffhausen, 1742, passim.', Buddeus, 
 Qucestio an Alchemists sint in Republica toler- 
 andi, 1702, p. 44 ; and in Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches 
 Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 70. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 296, 496. 
 
 Andreas Gottfried Schmidt, Anhalt 'sches Schrift- 
 steller Lexicon, Bernburg, 1830, pp. 9-11. At the 
 end he gives a list of authorities. 
 
 F. Arndt, Johan Arndt, ein Uographischer Ver- 
 such, Berlin, 1838, 8, with a portrait. 
 
 Knight, The English Cyclop&dia, 1856, i. col. 
 
 349- 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, 1870, No. 977, 
 quotes a reprint along with Khunrath's De igne 
 Magorum . . . secreto externo et visibili, Leipzig, 
 1783, 8. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 375. 
 
 Moritz Carriere, Die philosophische Weltanschau- 
 ung der Reformationszeit, 2nd ed. 1887, i. p. 299. 
 
 ARNOLD (GuiDO FERDINAND). 
 
 Guidon. Ferdinand. Arnolds, M.D. & Ph.Pr. Kurtzer Bericht und Versicherung 
 von des Herrn Ignatii von Orthomont, Nobil. & Chym. celeb. Suev. neu- 
 erfundenen Astro Solis und Junonischen Saltz. Als einer wohl-meritirten 
 Universal-Artzney, zur Erhaltung der Gesundheit und Verlangerung des 
 Menschlichen Lebens. Sammt dem vollkommenen Procefs und deren 
 Preparation. Dresden, Bey Gottfried Leschen, 1719. Andere Auflage. 
 
 8. Pp. 39 [i blank]. 
 
 Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 322), stellt wird die Bereitung des Lapidis philosophorum 
 quotes the first edition, 1718, and another work: auf Metallische und Vegetabilische Art, 1723, 8. 
 Der Ungelehrt-gelehrte Alchymist, darinnen vorge- 
 
 ARNOLPHINUS (FRANCISCUS), Lucensis. 
 
 Tractatus de Lapide physico, seu Summa Rosarii Philosophorum. 
 
ARNOLPHINUSARTE 49 
 
 ARNOLPHINUS (FRANCISCUS), Lucensis. Continued. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 195. 
 
 This person is quoted by Nazari (Delia Tramu- the author of an Epitome, probably the same work 
 tatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, p. 136), (q.v.) as as the Summa. 
 
 ARNSRODIUS. 
 
 See ALVETANUS ARNSRODIUS (CORNELIUS). 
 
 AROMATICUM Philosophorum Thesaurus. 
 See EXPOSITIO . . . Lapidis Adrop. 
 
 AROS. 
 
 See MARIA. 
 
 ARS AURIFERA. 
 
 See ARTIS Auriferae, quam Chemiam vocant, Volumina duo, 1610. 
 
 ARS CHEMICA, quod sit licita recte exercentibus, probationes doctissimorum 
 lurisconsultorum. Septem Tractatus seu Capitula Hermetis Trismegisti, 
 aurei. Eiusdem Tabula Smaragdina, in ipsius sepulchre inuenta, cum com- 
 mento Hortulani Philosophi. Studium Consilii Coniugij de massa Solis & 
 Lunse. Opvscula, studiosis artis secretissimae, ut summe necessaria, ita lectu 
 iucundissima. Antehac typis non excusa. 
 
 8. Pp. 263. After the title comes a vindication of Alchemy, pp. 3-6 ; Hermes, 
 pp. 7-31 ; Tabula Smaragdina, pp. 32-3 ; Hortulanus, pp. 33-47 ; Studium Consilii 
 Conjugii ... pp. 48-263. Colophon : Argentorati excudebat Samuel Emmel. Anno 
 M.D.LXVI. 
 
 See ARTE (De) Chemica Libri. 
 ARSENICO (DE) Tractatus. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 177. 
 
 ARSONCINUS (THOMAS). 
 De Jure Alchimiae responsum. 
 
 See DISQUISITIO de Helia Artium, 1606, sig. H7 recto. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 248. 
 
 This tract seems to have escaped the notice of Kopp, when he discussed the legality of Alchemy 
 (Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 147-156). 
 
 ARTE (DE) Chemica Libri Duo, quibus omnia, quae ad lapidis siue pulueris 
 philosophic! compositionem usumque spectant, breuiter & aperte traduntur. 
 Quorum prior De veritate & antiquitate artis Chemicae & pulueris siue 
 medicinae Philosophorum vel auri potabilis Testimonia & Theoremata ex 
 varijs autoribus per Robertum Vallensem selecta. Posterior. loan. Chrysippi 
 Faniani de arte metallicse metamorphoseos liber singularis. Item de lure 
 Artis Alchemiae veterum auctorum & praesertim lurisconsulctorum iudicia 
 & responsa ad quaestionem An Alchemia sit ars legitima. Ob argumenti, 
 tractationis methodiq'; similitudinem coniunctim in gratiam Philochemistarum 
 editi. Montisbeligardi, Apud lacobum Foillet, M.DC.II. 
 
 8. Pp. 51 fi blank]; [6] 67 [i blank], but as 40-41 are duplicated in the second 
 tract the number of pages is actually 69. 
 
 Vallensis' history occupies the first 51 pages, in 1601 ; there is no difference between them but 
 Fanianus' treatise the following part. the date. See VALLENSIS and FANIANUS. 
 
 An edition of this book was published by Foillet 
 
50 ARTEARTEPHIUS 
 
 ARTE (DE) Chymica Liber incerti autoris. 
 
 See ARTIS AURiFER-iE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 369. 
 The same title appears in the contents of the second volume, but there is no corresponding treatise. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 504. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 612. 
 Volume ii. has the title in the contents, but wants the treatise. 
 
 ARTEPHIUS. 
 
 [Artephii geheimer Haupt-Schliissel, oder Artephii des uhralten Philosophi von 
 der geheimen Kunst und Stein der Weisen Geheimes Buch.] 
 
 No place, date, or printer. 
 8. Pp. 107-151, wanting pp. 149-50. Title in MS. 
 
 This is Artephius' tract taken out of the edition jamin Roth-Scholtz, and printed by Joh. Paul 
 of Ripley's Chemical Works, translated by Ben- Krauss, Vienna, 1756 (q.v.\ 
 
 Clavis Sapientise, das ist : ein edles und kostliches Biichlein vom Stein der 
 Weisen, welcher genannt wird : der Schliissel der Grofsern Weisheit ; A^or 
 etlichen hundert Jahren in Lateinischer Sprache von dem uralten Mago und 
 Philosopho Artephio beschrieben, ietzt ins Teutsche versetzt. Leipzig 
 und Hof, Verlegts Johann Gottlieb Vierling, 1736. 
 
 8. Pp. 45 [i blank]. The last blank leaf is wanting. 
 
 [Another copy.] Leipzig und Hof, 1736. 
 
 8. Pp. 45 [3 blank]. 
 
 Clavis Sapientise, das ist : ein edles und kostliches Biichlein vom Stein der 
 Weisen, welcher genannt wird : der Schliissel der Grossern Weisheit ; vor 
 etlichen hundert Jahren in lateinischer Sprache von dem uralten Mago und 
 Philosopho Artephio beschrieben, jetzt ins Teutsche versetzt. Leipzig 
 
 und Hof, Verlegts Johann Gottlieb Vierling, 1748. 
 
 8. Pp. 44 [4 blank]. 
 This is a simple reprint in the same style as the 1736 edition. 
 
 Geheimes Buch von der geheimen Kunst und Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1659, p. 7 ; 1682, p. 7. 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) PHILOSOPHUS, 1709, p. 122. 
 
 Le Secret Livre. 
 
 See ARNAULD (P.), Trois Traictez, 1612, p. 6. 
 
 Liber Secretus, the Secret Book. 
 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 433 bis. 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. 
 p. 112. 
 
 Clavis Maioris Sapientise. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, IV. p. 198. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 503. 
 
AR TEPHIUSARTIS 
 
 ARTEPHIUS. Continued. 
 Geheimer Haupt-Schliissel. 
 
 See RIPLEY (GEORGE), Chymische Schriflften, 1756, p. 105. 
 
 Artephius has been always regarded by the 
 alchemists as one of the masters. By virtue of the 
 elixir he is reputed to have lived a thousand and 
 twenty-five years, a story which has been com- 
 mented on by Cohausen ( Tentaminum . . . Decas 
 de Vita . . . prolonganda . . . 1669, p. 46) (q.v. ). 
 Packe (Medela Chymica, 1708, p. 155) thinks Time 
 may have ' ' thrown in a cypher too much to the 
 number." Special attention has been given to him 
 and to the Clavis in a series of articles by Chev- 
 reul, and Gildemeister identifies him with the 
 Arabic poet and alchemist, Al Toghrai, who 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 32. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 12, No. xvi. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectee Brandenburgicce, 1699, p. 
 298. 
 
 Fictuld. Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 16. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 PP- 485. 638. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 22 ; 
 1798, ii. pp. 3, 298. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 
 I2 5- 
 
 Wiistenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte 
 wnd Naturforscher, 1840, p. 87, No. 151. (Wiisten- 
 feld thinks that the legends told about Al Toghrai's 
 alchemical expediences are late inventions.) 
 
 was put to death about 1119-20 or 1121-2, accord- 
 ing to Ibn Khallikan. 
 
 The Clavis Majpris Sapientics was first printed 
 at Paris in 1609 in a small 8, and at Strasburg 
 in 1699 in 12. This work is identical with that 
 ascribed to Alfonso of Castile (q.v. ), who was not 
 the author, however, but simply caused a transla- 
 tion into Spanish to be made of an Arabic book. 
 
 The Liber Secretus was printed at Amsterdam in 
 1678, 16 ; at Frankfurt, 1685, 12, and was trans- 
 lated into English by "Eirenaeus Orandus," and 
 printed along with Flamel, London, 1624, 18. 
 
 Hadji Khalfa, Lexicon Bibliographic-urn, 1852, 
 vi. p. 4, No. 12510. (Alchemical work by Al 
 Toghrai.) 
 
 Chevreul, Comptes rendus, 1867, Ixiv. pp. 64, 679 ; 
 Journal des Savants, 1867, p. 767 ; 1868, pp. 45, 
 153, 209, 644. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, 1870, Nos. 
 692-704. 
 
 Gildemeister, Zeitschrift der morgenlandischen 
 Gesellschaft, 1876, xxx. p. 538 (in an article on 
 "Alchemy"). Gildemeister thinks the work of 
 Artephius is probably identical with an Arabic 
 original in the Bibliotheque Nationale. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 100, 223, 252 ; 
 ii. 342, 363. 
 
 ARTIS AVRIFERAE, quam chemiam vocant, volumina duo, quae continent 
 Turbam Philosophorum, aliosq"; antiquiss. auctores, quae versa pagina indicat. 
 Accessit nouiter volumen tertium, continens : 
 
 1. Lullij ultimum Testamentum. 
 
 2. Elucidationem Testam. totius ad R. Odoardum. 
 
 3. Potestatem diuitiarum, cum optima expositione Testamenti Hermetis. 
 
 4. Compendium Artis Magicae, quoad compositionem Lapidis. 
 
 5. De Lapide & oleo Philosophorum. 
 
 6. Modum accipiendi aurum potabile. 
 
 7. Compendia Alchimiae & naturalis Philosophise. 
 
 8. Lapidarium. 
 
 Item Alberti Magni secretorum Tractatus. 
 
 Abbreviationes quasdam de Secretis Secretorum loannis pauperum. 
 
 Arnaldi Quaest. de Arte Transmut. Metall. eiusq'; Testamentum. 
 Omnia hactenus nunquam visa nee edita, Cum Indicibus rerum et verborum 
 locupletiss. Basilese, Typis Conradi Waldkirch. da ID. ex. 
 
 8. Vol. i. pp. [16], 405; Index [23] [4 blank]; one woodcut. Vol. ii. 346; 
 Index [16] [2 blank]; 20 woodcuts. Vol. iii. [2] 185 ; Index [5]; one woodcut. 
 
 The following are the contents of this collection : 
 Vol. i. After the title comes the address by Peter 
 Perna, the Basel printer, to the reader. Then 
 
 1. Propositions, seu maximae artis Chymicae. 
 
 2. Turba Philosophorum, p. i. 
 
 3. Turbae Philosophorum alterum Exemplar, 
 
 P- 43- 
 
 4. Allegoriae super librum Turbas, p. 89. 
 
 5. Aenigmata ex Visione Arislei, p. 94. 
 
 6. Exercitationes in Turbam, p. 99. 
 
 7. Aurora Consurgens, p. IIQ. 
 
 8. Rosinus ad Euthiciam, p. 158. 
 
 9. Idem ad Saratantam Episcopum, p. 178. 
 
 10. Liber Definitionum eiusdem, p. 203. 
 
 11. Mariae Prophetissas Practica, p. 205. 
 
 12. Liber Secretorum Calidis filij lazichi, p. 208. 
 
 13. Liber Trium Verborum Kallid, p. 226. 
 
 14. Aristoteles de lapide Philosophorum, p. 232. 
 
 15. Avicenna de Conglutinatione lapidis, p. 240. 
 
 16. Expositio Epistolas Alexandri Regis, p. 245. 
 
 17. Ignotus Autor de Secretis lapidis, p. 249. 
 
 18. Merlini allegoria de Arcano lapidis, p. 252. 
 
AR TISA SHMOLE 
 
 ARTIS AVRIFERAE. Continued. 
 
 19. Rachaidibi . . . de Materia lapidis, p. 255. 
 
 20. Avicennae Tractatulus de Alchimia, p. 260. 
 
 21. Semita Semitae, p. 280. 
 
 22. Clangor Buccinse, p. 288. 
 
 23. Correctio fatuorum, p. 349. 
 
 24. Incertus Autor de Arte Chymica, p. 369. 
 Vol. ii. Liber de compositione Alchemias, quem 
 
 ediditMorienus Romanus, Calid Regi Aegyptiorum: 
 quem Robertas Castrensis de Arabico in Latinum 
 transtulit, p. 3. 
 
 Bernardi Treuirensis responsio ad Thomam de 
 Bononia de Mineralibus, & Elixiris compositione, 
 Roberti Vallensis Tabulis illustrata, p. 38. 
 
 Liber de Arte Chimia incerti Authoris nun- 
 quam hactenus in Lucem editus. 
 
 {Note. A tract of similar name is in vol. i. 
 There is no such tract in the present volume.] 
 Scala philosophorum, p. 71. 
 Ludus puerorum (et Opus mulierum), p. in. 
 Rosarium philosophorum (cum figuris), p. 133. 
 Rosarium, p. 253. 
 Nouum lumen, p. 298. 
 
 " Arnaldi \ Flos florum ad Regem Aragonum, p. 311. 
 Epistola super Alchimia ad Regem 
 
 Neapolitanum, p. 323. 
 Rogerius Bacho Anglus de mirabili Potestate 
 artis et natures, p. 327. 
 
 The contents of vol. iii. are given on the title- 
 page. 
 
 This is one of the chief collections of standard 
 alchemical authors. A certain number of the tracts 
 and the Rosarium had been already printed in the 
 De Alchimia Opuscula, Francoforti, 1550 (q.v. ), 
 and others in Gratarolo's collection, Basel, Petrus 
 Perna, 1561, in folio (q.v.). The latter was again 
 printed at Basel by Perna in 1572, in 8, and 
 immediately thereafter Perna printed in 1572 Avri- 
 fercB Artis qvam Chemiam vacant, antiqvissimi 
 Avthores, siue Tvrba Philosophorvm, in two 
 volumes, small 8, with an address to the reader by 
 himself. Of the tracts in the first volume he says 
 that the first ten and the last were from manuscripts. 
 In 1593, Conrad Waldkirch at Basel reprinted both 
 volumes in a somewhat handsomer form. Then 
 came this reprint of 1610, to which was added the 
 third volume. A German translation of the Turba 
 and of a tract by Roger Bacon, edited by Paulus 
 Hildenbrandt von Hildenbrandseck appeared at 
 Franckfort am Mayn in 1597 and in 1608 (q.v.). 
 The first two volumes were translated into German 
 by Philip Morgenstern (q.v.), and published at 
 Basel, 1613, reprinted 1750. 
 
 In the Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 
 X 7 8 5> P- 57 8 > it is called a "collection full of hid 
 heavenly wisdom." This critic's sincerity maybe 
 doubted. 
 
 ARZNEIEN. 
 
 See ALLGEMEINE (Ueber) Arzneien. 
 
 ASHMOLE (ELIAS). 
 
 The Way to Bliss. In three books. Made publick, by Elias Ashmole, Esquire 
 Qui est Mercuriophilus Anglicus. 
 
 Deus nobis haec Otia fecit. 
 
 London, Printed by John Grismond for Nath. Brook, at the Angel on 
 Corn-hill, 1658. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 220. 
 
 Some copies are on large and thick paper and 
 have a portrait of Ashmole prefixed. Ashmole 
 represents himself in the preface as being the 
 editor only. 
 
 According to Niceron the present work is by an 
 unknown writer of the time of Queen Elizabeth, 
 and was given to Ashmole by William Backhouse, 
 for publication. This, however, does not tally 
 with the account given by Ashmole himself in the 
 preface (dated April 16, 1658), to wit, that it was 
 ' ' written about the beginning of the last (or end of 
 the former) century," and that an imperfect version 
 of it had been got ready for printing which ' ' the 
 world should take for the child of one Eugenius 
 Theodidactus, being (by Re-baptization) called the 
 Wise man's Crown or Rosie-Crucian Physick." 
 This book is quoted by Kloss (Bibliographic der 
 Freimaurerei, Frankfurt a. M. 1844, No. 2&2ob), who 
 adds, "Will. Backhouse's Way to Bliss, publicirt von 
 Johann Heydon, London, 1651." Now Eugenius 
 Theodidactus was pretty certainly John Heydon, 
 the Rosicrucian ; for the edition of The Wise 
 man's Crown: or the Glory of the Rosie-Crofs, 
 London, 1641, which I have, bears Heydon's 
 name on the general title and on that to the second 
 book, but on the title to the third book the author 
 is given as Eugenius Theodidactus. There is no 
 indication of Backhouse having anything to do 
 
 with it, and there is no resemblance between it and 
 the book ' ' made publick " by Ashmole. The article 
 in the Biographia Britannica also, which quotes 
 from Ashmole s preface about this book, makes no 
 allusion to Backhouse and on the other hand it is 
 very contemptuous about John Heydon. 
 
 Ashmole (1617-1692) is famous for his keen 
 delight in the acquisition of knowledge and for his 
 business capacity. He was an antiquary, herald, 
 astrologer, alchemist, collector of all sorts of 
 curiosities and rarities : a remarkable mixture of 
 shrewdness and what would now be termed 
 superstition. 
 
 Under the anagram James Hasolle, he also 
 edited a small volume called Fasciculus Chemicus : 
 or Chymicall Collections, London, 1650, 12, 
 containing prolegomena, Arthur Dee's collec- 
 tions, and a translation of Espagnet's Arcanum. 
 His chief alchemical work is the Theatrum Chemi- 
 cum Britannicum, London, 1652, 4, with several 
 engravings. It contains a series of old English 
 poems on Alchemy, with notes by Ashmole. It is 
 called Part i., and in the preface to the present 
 work Ashmole regrets that he had been prevented 
 carrying it any further. No more was published, 
 and the first part is now very rare, and difficult to 
 get complete. The contents are reprinted by 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie (1797), i. p. 620. 
 
ASHMOLE -A TREMONT 53 
 
 ASHMOLE (ELIAS). Continued, 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectee Brandenburgicte, 1699, p. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 
 308. 1812, iii. p. 42. 
 
 Wood, Athena Oxonienses, 1721, i. passim ; The Biographical Dictionary (Society for the 
 
 ii. col. 659, 886 ; Fasti, ii. p. 180 ; and ed. Bliss, Diffusion of useful Knowledge), 1844, HI. ii. p. 775. 
 
 1817, iii. col. 354-64; 1820, iv. p. 354, et passim. Graesse, Trdsor de Livres Rares, 1859, Dresde, 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires (1733), xxii. pp. 363-371. i. p. 238. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English 
 
 col. 591. Literature, 1859, i. p. 74. 
 
 Kippis, Biographia Britannica, 2nd ed. 1778, i. Dictionary of National Biography, 1885, ii. p. 
 
 pp. 293-307. This is a full account with a long note 172 (article by Dr. R. Garnett). 
 on the present book. 
 
 See BURMAN (CHARLES), The Lives of ... Elias Ashmole, . . and . . William Lilly, 
 1774- 
 
 ASTREA (L') Chimica. 
 
 See PUSTENINEC (IUSTIN). 
 
 [ASTRONOMIA inferior das ist Erzehlung und Erwehlung der sieben Irdischen 
 Planetten als da sind Bley, Zin &c. durch Marcum Friderikum Rosenkreutzer 
 Astronomum Chymicum im Jahr 1646 getruckt zu Niirnberg.] 
 
 8. Pp. 22 (?), 442 [32]. MS. title. Wants printed title, A2 and A8. Seven 
 woodcuts. 
 
 ASTRONOMIA Inferior seu Planetarum terrestrium motus & variatio. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum. Epilogus Orthelii, 
 1624, p. 199. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 507. 
 
 See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773, p. 133. 
 
 ASTRONOMIC Medicae Theologico-Philosophica Delineatio. 
 
 See MONTE HERMETIS (jOHANN DE), Explicatio Centri in Trigono Centri, 1680. 
 
 The names of stars, planets, and constellations Compare Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 340, 
 occur in connection with alchemical treatises. 364. 
 
 ATREMONT (H. D'). 
 
 Le Tombeau de la Pauvrete'. Dans lequel il est traicte clairement de la trans- 
 mutation des metaux, & du moyen qu'on doit tenir pour y parvenir. Par 
 un Philosophe Incognu ; En faveur de ses Amys particuliers. 
 Hie liber est parvus, sed maxima continet in se, 
 
 Qui capiet, Crceso ditior esse potest. 
 
 Imprime a Franc-fort, Chez Jean George Droullmann, aux depens de 
 1'Autheur. M.DCLXXII. 
 
 12. Pp. [lol 167 [ij. 
 
 Eroffnetes Grab der Armuth, darinnen klarlich von der Veranderung der 
 Metallen, und dem Wege darzu zu gelangen, gehandelt wird. Durch einen 
 unbekanten Philosophum, fiir seine sonderbare Freund geschrieben. Aus 
 dem Frantzosischen ubersetzet durch einen Liebhaber der Weifsheit. 
 Hie liber est parvus, sed maxima continet in se, 
 
 Qui capiet, Croeso ditior esse potest. 
 
 Cum privilegio Sac. Caes. Majestatis. Frankfurt am Mayn, Jn Verlegug Joh. 
 Melchior Bencard. Jm Jahr 1702 
 
 12. Pp. [10]. Imperfect, wanting all after p. 94. 
 
54 
 
 A TREMONTA UFFRICHTIG 
 
 ATREMONT (H. D'). Continued. 
 Le Tombeau de la Pauvrete. 
 
 See MINERALOGIA, oder der Philosophen deutliche Erklarung und vvohl- 
 
 gegriindetes Urtheil iiber das eroffnete Grab der Armuth, 1703. 
 See MINERALOGIA, oder Chymischer Schliissel, 1706.' 
 
 Atremont, the reputed author, was a French 
 knight or nobleman, who, after travelling a great 
 deal in the East, spent some days with Olaus 
 Borrichius at Copenhagen, and told him his pro- 
 cesses. It consisted in converting gold into a 
 spongy, light, infusible, lustreless substance by 
 reiterated amalgamation, and expelling the mercury 
 by heat, and then digesting the gold with the best 
 "acetum stillatitium " by cohobation, until it be- 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 37, No. Ivii. ; or in Mangel, Bibl. Ch. Cur., 
 1702, i. p. 50, No. Iviii. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 311, 312. 
 
 came "fusible, penetrating, and tinging." Borri- 
 chius thought this process so very laborious and so 
 different from those of the older chemists, that he 
 willingly handed it over to any one keen enough to 
 try *t. 
 
 The book went through several editions. The 
 following are mentioned in addition to those above : 
 French, Paris, 1673 ; Lyons, 1684 ; Paris, 1681 ; 
 German, Frankfurt, 1672, 1706. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 6. 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 432. 
 Ladrague, BiblioMque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1226 (ed. of Paris, 1681). 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 360. 
 
 AUBERT (JACQUES). 
 
 lacobi Auberti Vindonis de metallorum ortu & causis contra Chemistas breuis 
 & dilucida explicatio. Lugduni. Apud lohannem Berion. 1575. 
 
 8. Pp. 69 [i], A criticism of this was written by Josephus Quercetanus, and 
 printed at Lyons by Jean Lertot, in 1575. An English translation of the reply was 
 printed at London in 1591. 
 
 Most authorities state that Aubert was a native 
 of Vendome, who went to Lausanne, wrote several 
 works on medicine and one or two others against 
 Paracelsus and the Chemists, and died at Lau- 
 sanne in 1586. 
 
 Dezeimeris, however, asserts, on the authority of 
 La Croix du Maine, that there were two physicians 
 of this name, who have been confused with each 
 other. One, who was born in Vendome, continued 
 to live there. The other was a native of Laval, in 
 Mayenne, and practised medicine at Lausanne. 
 
 Reference to the Bibliotheque Francoise of La 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 223. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 35. 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 474. 
 Hendreich, Pandecttz Brandenburgicte, 1699, 
 
 P- 324- 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 57. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 1 8. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 106. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 618. 
 
 Croix du Maine has not enabled me to confirm 
 this. For at T. i. p. 389 of Juvigny's edition, only 
 the native of Vendome is spoken of, and only Ihe 
 work on the 'Complexions of man,' Paris, 1572, is 
 referred to. Similarly in Du Verdier's account 
 (Juvigny, iv. p. 263) only Aubert of Venddme and 
 the same work are mentioned, with the addilion 
 lhal il is in Iwenly-four chapters, and was published 
 al Lausanne, 1571, 8 ; Paris, 1572, i6mo. I do 
 nol know Ihe origin of Dezeimeris' statement, but 
 it is made wilh perfecl confidence and may be 
 correcl. 
 
 Les Bibliothlqucs Francoises de La Croix du 
 Maine et de Du Verdier, ed. Juvigny, 1772, T. i. 
 p. 389 ; 1773, iv. p. 263. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 199. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 561. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 257. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), i. p. 407. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire biographique de la 
 Mtdecine, 1828, I. i. p. 205. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1843, " P- 37^- 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1861, iii. col. 562. 
 
 AUFFRICHTIG (Dm) entdeckte Probier- und Scheide-Kunst derer Venetianer, 
 welcher noch beygefuget wird 
 
 I. Ein Probier-Biichlein von iiblichen Berg- und Muntz-Proben. 
 II. Besondere Particular-Arbeiten, bestehend in Einbringen und Figirungen; 
 
 III. Einige zur Verbesserung derer Metallen dienende Universal-Processe ; 
 
 IV. Eine Collation der Schrifften Fr. Basil. Valentini Bened. Ordin. 
 Worinnen die Zubereitung des so genandten Vitrioli Philosophici erklaret 
 und denen Liebhabern solcher edlen Kunst zu fernerer Uberlegung com- 
 
A UFFRICHTIGA UG URELLO 5 5 
 
 AUFFRICHTIG (Dm). Continued, 
 
 municiret wird. Saalfeld, im Verlag Johann Michael Kauffmanns. Anno 
 1717. 
 
 8. Pp. 126 [2 blank]. Title red and black, printed on two leaves, and folded. 
 Marks and MS. notes. 
 
 AUFRICHTIGE Beantwortung drey wichtiger Fragen von der Materie und 
 Vorarbeit des eigentlichen Steins der Weisen. 1761. 
 
 No place, no printer. 
 
 8. Pp. 16. 
 See AUFRICHTIGES ECHO. 
 
 AUFRICHTIGES Echo, oder eine verlangende Antwort auf den 1761 gedruckten 
 und hier auch beygefugten Bogen ; Betittelt : Aufrichtige Beantwortung drey 
 wichtiger Fragen von der Materie und Vorarbeit des eigentlichen Steins der 
 Weisen. 1762. 
 
 No place, no printer. 
 8. Pp. 64. This contains (p. 55) a reprint of the Aufrichtige Beantwortung (q.v.). 
 
 AUFRICHTIG-TEUTSCHER Wegweiser zum Licht der Natur, oder ad 
 Tincturam Physicam Paracelsi, und Lapidem Philosophorum. 
 See ZWEY VORTREFFLICHE . . . Chymische Biicher, 1759, p. 33. 
 For extracts see HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. pp. 263-267. 
 This tract appeared at Niirnberg, 1756. 
 
 AUFSTEIGTJNG der Morgenrothe. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 141. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 173. 
 See AURORA CONSURGENS. 
 
 In the text it is called " Auffstehende Morgenrothe." 
 
 AUGE. 
 
 See G. (F. A.), Das philosophische Auge in der Chymie, 1751. 
 
 Kopp (Din Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 385) gives a list of Alchemical books, the titles of which allude 
 to the eye, to spectacles and to light. 
 
 AUGURELLO (GIOVANNI AURELIO). 
 
 loannis Aurelii Augurelli P. Ariminensis Chrysopoeiae Libri III. EtGeronticon 
 Liber Primus. Apud Inclytam Basileam. 
 
 4. Pp. in. [112] contains Froben's device with motto in Latin, Greek, and 
 Hebrew, and the Colophon : Basileae Apud loannem Frobenium Mense Augusto, 
 M.D.XVIII. The title is enclosed in an elaborate wood-cut border. 
 
 Vellus Aureum, et Chrysopoeia, seu Chrysopoeiia Major et Minor, Das ist 
 Giilden-Vliefs, und Gold-erzielungs-Kunst, oder grosse und kleine Gold- 
 erzielungs-Kunst, Johannis Augurelli, Gecronten Poeten von Romulen gebiirtig, 
 An Ihre Pabstliche Heiligkeit Leonem den Zehenden. Aus dem Lateinischen 
 ins Teutsche ubersetzet von M. Valentino Weigelio, Weyland gewesenen 
 Pfarr-Herrn zu Zschopau in Meissen. Hamburg, zu finden bey Samuel 
 Heyl, 1716. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, including frontispiece, title, dedication, and two blank] 112. 
 
A UGURELLOA URE& 
 
 AUGURELLO (GIOVANNI AURELIO). Continued. 
 Chrysopoeia et Geronticon Liber. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae Alchemiae . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 269. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 197. 
 
 Chrysopoeia et Vellus aureum. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Novum Lumen Chymicum, 1639. 
 
 See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca, 1653. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 371. 
 
 Giildnes Vliess und Golderzielungskunst . . . iibersetzt von M. Valentin Weigel. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES MUSEUM, 1782, ii. p. 3. 
 
 Augurello, a native of Rimini, born about 1454, 
 died about 1537, (others 1441-1524,) was one of the 
 distinguished classicists of his time. He wrote odes 
 and epistles, after the manner of Horace, which 
 appeared in a thin 4 at Verona in 1491 ; enlarged, 
 and reprinted by Aldus, Venice, 1505, in a very 
 pretty volume, which is not uncommon. He is best 
 known by the poem on gold-making, which was 
 first printed at Venice in 1515 in 4, then at Basel 
 1518, and thereafter repeatedly. It was translated 
 
 Paolo Giovio, Le Inscrittioni posto sotte le vere 
 imagini de gli huomini famosi in Lettere, Venetia, 
 1558, p. 142. 
 
 Paolo Giovio, Elogia virorum literis illustrium, 
 
 1577, p. 83 (no portrait). 
 
 Joan. Matthaeus Toscanus, Peplus Italia, Paris, 
 
 1578, p. 40, No. Ixv. 
 
 J. C. Scaliger, Poetices libri septem, 1594, p. 785. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 36. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . 
 Epistola, 1673, p. 138. 
 
 Borrichius, Dissertationes Academics de Poetis, 
 1683, p. 93. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 28, No. xxxxi. 
 
 Hendreich, PandectcB Brandenburgicce, 1699, p. 
 331. 
 
 Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-kunst, 1702, p. 122. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 14. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermltique, 1742, i. p. 272. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 16. 
 
 Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori d' Italia, 1753, vol. i. 
 parte ii. p. 251. 
 
 AUGUSTA. 
 
 See PHARMACOPOEIA AUGUSTANA. 
 
 AUGUSTIS DE DERTONA (QuiRicus DE). 
 Lumen Apothecariorum. 
 
 See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOBUS), Luminare Majus. 
 
 AULA LUCIS. 
 
 See VAUGHAN (THOMAS). 
 
 AUREA CATENA HOMERI. 
 
 See KIRCHWEGER (ANTON JOSEPH). 
 
 GRUCIS LEO RUBER. 
 See LOWE (Der) defs Rothen Creutzes. 
 
 into French, and appeared both in a prose version 
 1541, 1548, and in verse 1549-50, 1626. It may be 
 pointed out that neither the Chrysopoeia nor the 
 Geronticon Liber is included in the 1491 and 1505 
 editions of his Carmina. 
 
 A depreciatory account of him is given by 
 Adelung, but a much more considerate and con- 
 scientious view is taken of him by several Italian 
 writers. 
 
 Calogiera, Nuova Raccolta d'Opuscoli, Venezia, 
 1760, torn. vi. pp. 159-254. 
 
 Wiegleb, Historisch-Kritische Untersuchung der 
 Alchemie, 1777, p. 297. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 87. 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narrheit, 
 1785, i. p. 113. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 137, 490, 575, 657. 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, 1789, p. 177. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der c/iemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 86. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Storia del la Letteratura Italiana, 
 1809, vi. iii. p. 935. 
 
 Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820-25), 
 i. p. 416. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 258. 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1843, ii. p. 432. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gtnerale, 1861, iii. col. 640. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 883-887. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 243 calls the 
 1518 edition the first, but the book came out three 
 years earlier at Venice. 
 
AURELI&AURIFONTINA 57 
 
 AURELLE Occultae Philosophorum partes Duo. Georgio Beato Interprete. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 457. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 198. 
 See OCCULTA PHILOSOPHIA, 1613, p. 47. 
 
 This is ascribed by some to Basilius Valentinus der heimlichen Goldblumen, . . . Franckfurt, 
 
 (q.v.}. It is a dialogue between an old man, called JohannBringer, 1613" (q.v.)\ " Les Douze Clefs ... 
 
 Senior, and a pupil or student, Adolphus. The de . . . Basile Valentin . . . Plus 1'Azoth . . . Paris, 
 
 first part is in prose, the second is an interpretation 1624, and Paris, 1659." In certain editions this 
 
 of some symbolic drawings, and in the German tract is preceded by the /Enigma Philosophorum, 
 
 version is in verse. Other editions: " Azoth, sive which is also inserted sometimes among Sendi- 
 
 Aurelias Occultre Philosophorum, . . . Francofurti, vogius' writings. It does not seem, however, to 
 
 Joannes Bringer, 1613 " ; " Occulta Philosophia von belong strictly to either, 
 den verborgenen Philosophischen Geheimnussen 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicoruin, BeytragzurGeschlderhohern Chemie, 1785^.597. 
 
 1697, p. 24. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 207. 
 
 AUREUM Seculum Patefactum. 
 
 See CHRYSANDER (ALITOPHILUS), 1706. 
 
 AUREUM Seculum Redivivum. 
 
 See MADATHANUS (HKNRICUS). 
 
 AUREUM Vellus. 
 
 See AUGURELLO (GIOVANNI AURELIO). 
 
 See EROFFNETE GEHE1MNISSE. 
 
 See FICTULD (HERMANN). 
 See GULDENE (Das) Vliefs. 
 See MENNENS (GUILIISLMUS). 
 
 See MOGLIN (JOHANN LUDWIG). 
 See NAXAGORAS (ERHD VON). 
 
 See TRISMOSIN (SALOMON). 
 
 AUREUS Liber de principiis Naturae et Artis, woraufs die Wissenschafft der 
 Primae Materiae erkennet, und das Universale Generalissimum Philosophorum 
 erlanget werden moge. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) PHILOSOPHUS, 1709, p. i. 
 
 See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- S 1 7- 
 
 See HERMET1SCHES MUSEUM, 1785, iii. p. 151. 
 
 AUREUS Tractatus de Philosophorum Lapide. 
 
 See TRACTATUS AUREUS de lapide philosophico. 
 
 AURIFER^S Artis, Das ist, der Goldkunst, . . . Authores vnd Anfanger. Oder : 
 Turba Philosophorum. 
 
 See HILDENBRANDT (PAUL), 1608. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . volumina duo, 1610. 
 
 AURIFONTINA Chymica: or, a Collection of fourteen small Treatises con- 
 cerning the First Matter of Philosophers, for the discovery of their (hitherto 
 so much concealed) Mercury. Which many have studiously endeavoured to 
 hide, but these to make manifest, for the benefit of Mankind in general. 
 London, Printed for William Cooper, at the Pelican in Little-Britain. 1680. 
 
 Small narrow 24. Pp. [22] containing title, John Frederick Houpreght's dedi- 
 cation of the Hydropyrographum to Charles II., Contents, To the Reader. Text, 
 pp. 272. Advertisement of Chemical books [4]. 
 
58 A URIFONTINAA USERLESENER 
 
 AURIFONTINA Chymica. Continued. 
 
 This curious and very rare little volume was pro- 7. A Treatise of the Philosophers Stone, the 
 
 bably compiled and edited by William Cooper, a Blessed Manna, &c., with its wondrous Virtues and 
 
 well-known vendor of Alchemical books, and the Use, both for the curing the Body of Man, and 
 
 author of the first catalogue of such books in the making of precious Stones, p. 107. 
 
 England. The treatises contained are the follow- 8. Nic. Flammell, his Summary of Philosophy, 
 
 ing: or Short Treatise of the Philosophers Stone, p. 145. 
 
 1. Hydropyrographum Hermeticum, or the 9. Raym. Lullie's Clavicula, Apertorium, or 
 Metallick Water-Fire, translated by J. F. Houpreght, little Key explaining all the rest of his Works, 
 p. i. P. 163. 
 
 2. The Privy Seal of Secrets, plainly discovering 10. Secrets disclos'd of the Philosophers Stone, 
 the first Matter of the Philosophers, p. 41. p. 180. 
 
 3. A strange letter concerning an Adept, his n. A Philosophical Riddle of Gold, in Verse, 
 curious Learning and vaster Treasure, from Freder- p. 185. 
 
 ick, Duke of Holsatia and Sleswick, p. 53. 12. Bern. Trevisan's Epistle to Thomas of Bon- 
 
 4. Sir George Ripley's Treatise of Mercury, and onia, concerning the secret workings of Nature in 
 the Philosophers stone, p. 69. the product of things, p. 187. 
 
 5. Colours to be observed in the operation of the 13 Bern. Trevisan, his short Epistle Dedicatory 
 Great Work of Philosophers, p. 93. before his Works, to the same man, p. 269. 
 
 6. A plain and true Description of the Treasure 14. A brief Preparation of the Philosophers Stone, 
 of Treasures, or the Golden Medicine, p. 97. for the conclusion of this Book, p. 271. 
 
 AURIGA Chemicus sive Theosophise Palmarium, a Philosopho antique anonymo, 
 in chemicis versatissimo compositum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 834. 
 
 For remarks on books entitled 'Auriga,' see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 340. 
 
 AURORA Consurgens quae dicitur aurea hora. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFERTE . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 118. 
 See AUFSTEIGUNG der Morgenrothe. 
 
 See Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 389, for books entitled ' Aurora.' 
 
 AURO (DE) Potabili Theophrasti Paracelsi. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, pp. 275, 279. 
 
 AURUM Aurse. 
 
 See BALDUINUS (CHRISTIANUS ADOLPHUS). 
 
 See Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 373, for books entitled ' Aurum.' 
 
 AURUM Potabile. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, vi. p. 382. 
 
 See ANTHONY (FRANCIS). 
 
 AURUM Vitae oder Gold des Lebens. 
 
 See VIER Chymische Tractatlein, 1677, p. 64. 
 
 AUSERLESENE Chymische Universal und Particular Processe. 
 
 See RUESENSTEIN (ALEXIUS VON), 1754. 
 
 AUSERLESENER (Em) herrlicher Tractat von dem philosophischen Wasser. 
 Incerti Authoris. 
 See VIER Aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. 71. 
 
 AUSERLESENER (Em) herrlicher Tractat von dem philosophischen Wasser. 
 Incerti Authoris. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Paul Kraufs. 1772. 
 
 8. Pp. 32. 
 
 This is a reprint of the 1697 edition. It is just quoted by Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 319, 391. 
 He does not mention the earlier edition. 
 
A USFUHRLICHEA VICENNA 59 
 
 AUSFUHRLICHE Beschreibung der unweit Zwickau in Meifsen, . . . und anderer 
 umliegenden Orten gefundene Goldischen Sande. . . . 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). 
 
 AUSFUHRLICHER (Em) Tractat von philosophischen Werck des Steins der 
 Weisen. 
 See H. (E.). 
 
 AUSSLEGUNG vnd erklarung des Gemahls oder Figur (a symbolical picture). 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii., 1598, p. 239. 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 337. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. (4i5)-4i6. 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 415. 
 
 AUSSLEGUNG Rhythmorum Basilii. 
 See SCHULER (CONRAD), 1608. 
 
 AUSTRIA. 
 
 See PHARMACOPOSA. 
 
 See DISPENSATORIUM Pharmaceuticum Austriaco-Viennense, 1729. 
 
 AUTHORITATES Philosophorum. Das ist unterschiedliche Zeugnussen, Bericht, 
 und Erklarung etlicher alten beruhmpten Philosophen, von Zubereitung defs 
 Lapidis Philosophorum, vnd seiner Wiirckung. 
 See BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS), Liber Aureus, 1630, p. 115. 
 
 AUT hie, aut nusquam. 
 
 See LEONHARD von Altenberg, Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum, 1769. 
 This same phrase occurs in connection with the Elucidarius Major. See BROTOFFER (Radtichs). 
 
 AVICENNA. 
 
 Aquae rubese ad tingendum quatuor spiritus sublimatos albos. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (c.), Veras alchemias . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 211. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ill. p. 107. 
 
 De Congelatione et Conglutinatione Lapidum. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 240. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 883. 
 
 See GiN-racEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 554- 
 
 See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 245. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 636. 
 
 Von der Congelation und Conglutination der Steine. 
 See GEBER, Chymische Schriften, 1751, p. 319. 
 See GEBER, Commentaria liber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 353. 
 
 Von der Congelierung und Zusammenfugung. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 322. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 391. 
 
 This is the same tract as the preceding, with a Steins." It treats of stones not of the philoso- 
 different version of the name. In the table of con- pher's stone, 
 tents it is called ' von der Zusammenleimung des 
 
60 A VICENNA 
 
 AVICENNA. Continued. 
 
 Declaratio Lapidis Physici Avicennae Filio suo Aboali. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 875. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 633. 
 
 Anhang der Erlauterung des fysischen Steins vom Avicenna an seinen Sohn 
 Abo Ali. 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliotheck, 1774, II. ii. p. 239. 
 This is a translation of the preceding. 
 
 Epistola ad Hasen Regem de Re Recta. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 863. 
 
 Tractatulus de tinctura metallorum. 
 
 See ALCHEMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 75. 
 See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 260. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 626. 
 This is also called ' Tractatus de Alchimia.' 
 
 Septem regulge ex quibus componitur lapis Philosophorum. 
 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 213. 
 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 320. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemias, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi, 
 
 P- 374- 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 374. 
 
 Tractatulus von der Alchimia. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 351. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 426. 
 This is a translation of the preceding. 
 
 Kleines Buchelchen vom mineralischen Steine. 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue alchymistische Bibliotheck, 1774, n. ii. p. 193. 
 This is a different translation. 
 
 Avicenna was a native of Bokhara where he was work and by pleasure, and was buried at Hamadan. 
 
 born in 980. At a very early age he had mastered Against Avicenna's medical system it was Paracel- 
 
 the learning of his time, and devoted himself to sus who began the struggle which ended in its 
 
 medicine, of which he became one of the oracles of overthrow. Possibly a number of the chemical 
 
 the Middle Ages. He was a voluminous writer, a writings which pass under Avicenna's name are 
 
 man of affairs, knew the height and depth of not really by him, and some writers put his date a 
 
 success and enmity, and after the most brilliant century later, 
 and vivid life, died at the age of 57, exhausted by 
 
 Thevet, Les Vrais Pourtraits et Vies des Homines (the biographical notice is borrowed from Castel- 
 
 illustres, Paris, 1584, ff. 62or-622r, and a portrait. Ian us). 
 
 Castellanus, Vitas illustrium Medicorum, Ant- Conring, In Artem Medicam Introductio, 1687, 
 
 verpiae, 1617, p. 136. cap. HI., 23, p. 98, and Addit. 23, p. 127. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis M 'edicts libri duo, (Short, but pithy.) 
 
 1637, p. 55. Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 
 Hottinger, Historia Ecclesiastica, 1651, Pars 1697, p. 22, No. xxviii. 
 
 ii. p. 461. Herbelot, Bibliotheque Orientale, Paris, 1697, p. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, Paris, 1654, p. 35 ; 812. 
 
 Heidelb. 1656, p. 34. Hendreich, Pandectoz Brandenburgicte, 1699, p. 
 
 Vossius, De philosophia et philosophorum seclis 346 (and the references). 
 
 Lib. II., 1654, cap. 14, p. no. Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 
 
 Vossius, De Philosophia . . . Libri II., 1658, Genevas, 1710, p. 357. 
 
 cap. XIV. Joannes Leo Afric.anus, " De Viris quibusdam 
 
 Thevet, Histoire des plus illustres et scavans illustribus apud Arabes libellus," cap. ix. in 
 
 hommes de leurs siecles, 1670, viii. p. 169, and Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, 1726, xiii. p. 268. 
 
 portrait. Le Clerc, Histoire de la Medecine, 1729, pp. 771- 
 
 Mercklin, Lindeniiis renovatus, 1686, p. 98, 780. 
 
A VICENNAAXT 
 
 61 
 
 AVICENNA. Continued. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 187. 
 Stolle, Geschichte der Medicinischen Gelahrheit, 
 
 I73 1 , P- 767- 
 
 Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1732, ii. col. 2197. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 65. 
 
 Petrus a Castro, Bibliotheca Medici Eruditi, ed. 
 Andreas Pasta, Bergomi, 1742, p. 29. 
 
 Chaufepi, Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique, 
 Amst. 1750, i. p. 565. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 647. 
 
 Casiri, Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escurial- 
 ensis, Matriti, 1760, i. p. 268 & passim. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. 187; ii. 645. 
 
 Haller, Bibl. Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 133. 
 
 Haller, Bibl. Med. Pract., 1776, i. 383. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichle der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 573- 
 
 Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus, 
 Matriti, 1788, ii. p. 6, No. 16. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie (gives a wrong 
 reference, and I cannot find the name at all). 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 
 29-32. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 14. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopddie, 1821, 
 vi. p. 502. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii. 
 p. 418. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Me"de- 
 cine, 1828, i. p. 214. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke, i. p. 
 429. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 97. 
 
 Haji Khalfa, Lexicon Bibliographicum, ed. 
 Fluegel, Leipzig, 1835-38, passim, see the index 
 under Abu 'Ali Hosein Ben Abdallah Ibn Sma. 
 
 Emil Isensee, ' Geschichte der Medicin, 1840, p. 
 190. 
 
 Wiistenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte und 
 Naturforscher, Gdttingen, 1840, No. 128, p. 64. 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 327; 
 
 1866, i. p. 345. 
 
 Ibn Khallikan, Biographical Dictionary, by 
 M'Guckin de Slane, Paris, 1843, i. p. 440. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, ' P- 57 & 
 passim. 
 
 Haureau, De la Philosophie Scholastique, 1850, i. 
 p. 366. 
 
 Hammer - Purgstall, Literatur- Geschichte der 
 Araber, Wien, 1854, v. pp. 368-396. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i- 
 p. 101. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 1855, p. 384 & passim. 
 
 Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, Konigsberg, 
 
 1856, iii. p. 184 & passim. 
 
 Munk, Melanges de Philosophie Juive et Arabe, 
 Paris, 1859, p. 352. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters, 
 1865, ii. p. 23. 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences mtdi- 
 cales, Paris, 1867, vii. p. 517. 
 
 Figuier, Vies des Savans illustres du Moyen Age, 
 
 1867, p. 55. 
 
 Ladrague,.5zWz0/A^M Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 671-675. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, Jena, 1875, i. 
 p. 584. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, 
 iii. p. 54- 
 
 Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Mldecine Arabe, 
 Paris, 1876, i. 466. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- 
 den Aerzte, 1884, i. p. 172. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, passim. 
 
 Like Schmieder, Kopp distinguishes the Arabian 
 physician from the author of the alchemical tracts 
 whom he calls Pseudo-Avicenna. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue . . . 1880, i. p. 712; 
 Second Series, 1896, i. p. 819. 
 
 AXT (JOHANN CONRAD). 
 
 Tractatus de Arboribus Coniferis et Pice Conficienda, aliisque ex illis Arboribus 
 provenientibus, in lucem editus & Johanne Conrado Axtio, Medicin. Licentiato. 
 Jense, Impensis Johannis Bielkii, Bibliop. Typis Samuelis Krebsii, 
 M.DCLXXIX. 
 
 12. Pp. 131 [3 blank]. Engraved title and 5 engraved plates. 
 
 A very good little book in which, besides an 
 account of the common conifers, are contained the 
 methods for making resin, pitch, charcoal, soot or 
 lamp-black, etc., and the plates exhibit the appar- 
 atus employed in Thuringia. A work going over 
 the same subject was written by Pierre Belon : De 
 Arboribus Coniferis, Resiniferis . . . item de 
 melle cedrino . . . resinis, 6* Us qua ex coniferis 
 proficiscuntur, Paris, 1553, 410. There are draw- 
 ings in it of the trees, but none of the charcoal 
 furnaces and distilling apparatus. 
 
 To the present work is appended the letter on 
 Antimony, in which he accuses Gui Patin of trying 
 to poison his son (who was ill) by means of it, 
 instead of which he cured him. This accusation 
 the Jena faculty compelled him to withdraw to 
 cancel the letter and write an apology. Gmelin 
 also quotes the epistle, but without alluding to the 
 accusation. 
 
 Axt was a native of Arnstadt, studied medicine 
 at Helmstadt under Conring and Meibomius, was 
 licensed in 1670, and returned to his native place 
 where he was made burgomaster and engaged in 
 practice. He was author of a dissertation : " Abor- 
 tus in morbis acutis lethalis . . . Jena, 1681," i2mo ; 
 and one " Dialogus de partu septimestri, Jena, 
 1697," 12. 
 
 The work on Coniferi is dedicated to his two 
 teachers in the most grateful terms, for he says 
 that he not only had learned from them all the 
 medicine he knew, but that he had been treated by 
 them as a son, and Meibomius in particular had 
 acted most generously towards him, assisting him 
 for two years with the necessaries of life. The 
 book was dedicated to them as an expression of 
 his gratitude for their kindness and help, and he 
 adds that, though it itself is small, it will be made 
 great by bearing their names. 
 
62 AXTAZOTH 
 
 AXT (JOHANN CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 Ch. Patin, Lyceum Patavinum, 1682, p. 102. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1779, iii. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, p. 445. 
 
 p. 67. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 202. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. J. H. Reveilte-Parise, Lettres de Gut Patin, 1846, 
 
 col. 673. i. p. xliii. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 603. 
 
 / 
 
 AXTELMAYER (STANISLAUS REINHARD). 
 
 See ACXTELMEIER (STANISLAUS REINHARD). 
 
 Acxtelmeier is described as a curious personage, works enumerated above he was the author also of 
 skilled in physics and economics, who had travelled one entitled : ' ' Hokus Pokeria, oder die Verfal- 
 much and wrote a good deal. In addition to the schung der Waaren." 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. col. 673. 
 
 AZOT. 
 
 Von der Natur vnd Eigenschafft defs Azot (d. h. defs Philosophischen Steins). 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii. 
 p. 282. 
 
 AZOTH. 
 
 See /ENIGMA Philosophorum. 
 
 See AURELI/E Occultaa Philosophorum Partes duo. 
 
 See CLETTUS (GEORGIUS). 
 
 See FICTULD (HERMANN). 
 
 See BASILIUS VALENTINUS. 
 
 On the interpretation of this word 'Azoth,' say that I mistrust Schmieder's explanations of 
 
 see De Planis Campy, Bouquet compost des plus words and names, for I have found several of them 
 
 belles Fleurs Chimiques, 1629, p. 926; Pernety, incorrect. 
 
 Dictionnaire Mytho-Hermetique, 1758, p. 52 ; For a recent exposition of the word see Stanis- 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 207 ; las de Guaita, Essais de Sciences Maudites, I. An 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 30. I regret to Seuil du Mystere, Paris, 1890. 
 
B BACON 63 
 
 B. (A. C.). 
 
 See BENTZ (ADOLPH CHRISTOPH). 
 
 B. (A. GOTTLOB). 
 
 See KERLICH (ADAM GOTTLOB). 
 
 B. (D. J.). 
 
 De Spiritu Mundi Positiones aliquot. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 876. 
 
 B. (J. E.), i.e. BURGGRAV QOHANN ERNST). 
 See CLODIUS (BALDUINUS). 
 
 B. (R.), i.e. BOYLE (ROBERT). 
 
 Specimina Historise naturalis et experimentalis aquarum mineralium. 
 See VALLERIUS (NICOLAUS), Tentamina Physico-Chemica, 1699, P- $8. 
 
 BACHON (ROGER). 
 
 See BACON (ROGER). 
 
 BACHUONE (ARNALD). 
 
 See ARNALDUS DE VILLANOVA. 
 
 BACON (ROGER). 
 
 Sanioris Medicinse Magistri D. Rogeri Baconis Angli, de Arte Chymiae scripta. 
 Cui accesserunt opuscula alia eiusdem Authoris. Francofurti, Typis 
 loannis Saurij, sumptibus loannis Theobaldi Schonvvetteri. Anno M.DCIII. 
 
 24. Pp. 408. 
 
 In the reissue of this book at Frankfurt in 1620, Anima I. de maiori Alcimia, p. 17 ; Breviarium 
 
 the title-page and rest of sheet A (i.e. the first 24 de dono Dei, p. 95 ; Verbum abbreviatum de leone 
 
 pages) were set up afresh. There is no other viridi, p. 264 ; Secretum Secretorum, p. 285 ; 
 
 difference between the two editions. Tractatvs trium verborum, p. 292 ; Speculum 
 
 The tracts are : Excerpta ex Libra sexto Scien- Secretontm, p. 387. 
 
 tiarum, p. 7 ; Excerpta de Libra Avicennce de Baumer mentions an edition : Francof. 1612. 
 
 Roger Bachon de I'Admirable Pouvoir et Puissance de 1'Art & de Nature, ou 
 est traict de la pierre Philosophale. Traduit en Francois par lacques 
 Girard de Tournus. A Paris, Chez Pierre Billaine, rue S. lacques, a 
 la Bonne Foy, deuant S. Yues. M.DC.XXVIIII. Auec priuilege du Roy. 
 
 8. Pp. 63 ; 39 [i blank]. 
 
64 BACON 
 
 BACON (ROGER). Continued. 
 
 This is a reprint of the Lyons edition of 1557, Though it is quite distinct, this book seems to 
 
 with Girard's letter to Charles Fontaine and one have been issued simultaneously with the tracts 
 
 by Jean Brunei to the reader. Appended with ascribed to the 'Cosmopolite.' See SENDIVOGIUS 
 
 separate signatures and pagination is the tract : (MICHAEL). 
 L'Art transmutatoire du Pape lean XXII. de ce 
 nom, which also appeared in 1557. 
 
 Chymisch- und Philosophische Schrifften, . . . Nebst einer Vorrede, darinnen 
 von dem Leben und Schrifften Rogerii Baconis Nachricht gegeben wird, ans 
 Licht gestellet durch Friederich Roth-Scholtzen, Herrenstadio-Silesium. 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. p. i, 
 and p. 245. 
 
 The works included in Roth-Scholtz's translation Schreiben von Geheimen VVurckungen der Kunst 
 are : Radix Mundi oder Wurtzel der Welt, taken und der Natur und von der Nichtigkeit der /a/- 
 from William Salmon's version, p. 23 ; Medulla schen Magiae, p. 245 ; and the Latin version : 
 Alchemiee, with preface by Joachim Tanckius, p. Epistola de Secretis Operibus Artis et Naturae et de 
 73, containing Spiegel der Alchemie, p. 105 ; Nullitate Magiae, as edited by John Dee, p. 287, 
 Tractat vom Golde, p. 130 ; Tractat von der and to this are added a few notes. 
 Tinctur und Oel des Vitrols, p. 179; Tractat von An edition of the Medulla Alchemia, edited by 
 der Tinctur und Oel des Antimonii, p. 205 ; Send- Tancke, was published at Eisleben in 1608. 
 
 Alchimeyspiegel. 
 
 See below Speculum Alchemiae. 
 
 De mirabili potestate Artis et nature, libellus. 
 
 See ARTIS AURiFERvE . . . volumina, 1610, ii. p. 327. 
 Von der wunderbarlichen Gewalt der Kunst und Natur. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 426. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 517. 
 
 This is the same tract as the De Secretis Operibus was published in 1597 along with the Mirror of 
 
 Artis . . . mentioned below. It was first published Alchimy, and another from the Hamburg edition, 
 
 by Oronce Fine' in 1542, then at Oxford in 1594: by T. M., London, 1659, i2mo. There is a French 
 
 it was revised by Dr. Dee, and an edition contain- translation by A. Poisson : Lettre sur les Prodiges 
 
 ing his corrections and notes appeared at Hamburg, de la Nature et de I' Art, Paris, 1893, small 8, pp. 
 
 1618, small 8vo, pp. 80. An English translation 70 [2], with a portrait of Bacon. 
 
 Oleum Vitrioli. 
 
 See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 651. 
 
 Though included in this collection without the Oehl des Vitriols. " Roth-Scholtz's is a revised and 
 Author's name, it is the same, tract as that given modernized version of this translation. E. L. D.- 
 below under the title: "Von der Tinctur und K.'s is a new translation. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part iii. 
 
 P- 73- 
 
 (Wanting in this copy). 
 
 See VIER Chymische Tractatlein, 1677, p. 22. 
 Die Practick oder Procefs Rogeri Bachonis de Sole. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 566. 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 566 
 
 Radix Mundi. 
 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 585. 
 De Secretis Operibus artis et naturae, et nullitate Magiae, cum notis. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 834. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 616. 
 
 See above De mirabili potestate Artis et naturae, libellus. 
 
BACON 65 
 
 BACON. Continued. 
 Speculum Alchemiae. 
 
 See ALCHEMIA, 1541, p. 257. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 201. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, il. p. 377. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 613. 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 621. 
 
 Though the Latin title is retained by Salmon the of Alchimy, London, Richard Olive, 1597, small 
 
 tract is in English. It is an amplified version of 4. The French translation : Le Miroir o?Al- 
 
 the original. There is an earlier translation into yuimie, was published at Lyons in 1557, with the 
 
 English, which has now become rare : The Mirror other tracts mentioned above. 
 
 Alchimeyspiegel. 
 
 See SCHRODER (FR. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1774, II. ii. p. 167. 
 
 Speculum Alchymiae ; The true glass of Alchemy. 
 
 See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 123, 
 
 This is a different tract from the preceding. 
 
 Von der Tinctur oder oleo Stibii. 
 
 See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 264. 
 Bauraer quotes: Tractatus de tinctura Antimonii, Hamb., 1676. 
 
 Von der Tinctur und Oehl des Vitriols. 
 
 See K. (E. L. D.), Triumpfwagen des Vitriols, 1770, p. 49. 
 
 This is a different translation from that under Oleum Vitrioli. 
 
 Vortrefflicher Tractat von der wahrhafftigen Composition des Lapidis Philoso- 
 phorum. De Sole. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 546. 
 
 See HILDENBRANDT (PAULUS), Auriferae Artis . . . Uhralteste Authores, 1608, 
 p. 109. 
 
 This is identical with the Tractat vom Golde in Roth-Scholtz's Theatrum, 1732, iii. p. 130, mentioned 
 above. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 546. 
 
 Roger Bacon was born at Ilchester about 1214, His skill in mathematics, experimental science 
 
 studied at Oxford, lived there, and then passed and mechanical invention was so remarkable for 
 
 over to Paris. He returned to England and settled his time that, like his contemporaries Michael 
 
 probably at Oxford. In 1257 he was sent back to Scotus and Albertus Magnus, he acquired the 
 
 Paris by the superiors of the Franciscan order, reputation amongst the common people of being a 
 
 which Bacon had entered, and he was kept in close magician, for whom no feat or wonder was impos- 
 
 confinement there for ten years. Towards "the sible. In fact the same legends, probably of much 
 
 close of this period Pope Clement IV. requested earlier origin than the thirteenth century, are told 
 
 him to write a treatise on the sciences, and this of him as of Albertus, like that of the brazen head 
 
 resulted in the Opus Majus (ed. Jebb, Lond., 1733, and of the magic banquet. It is by these stories as 
 
 folio), one of the most important and significant dramatised in Greene's play, and repeated in the 
 
 works of the time. Others followed, some of which chapbooks of the seventeenth and eighteenth 
 
 have been edited by Brewer, and printed in the centuries, that he has come down to us less as a 
 
 Rolls Series, London, 1859, 8. A number, how- philosopher than as "a brave necromancer, that 
 
 ever, are still in manuscript, and for the Alchemical can make women of devils and juggle cats into 
 
 writings there must have been a demand, as MSS. costermongers. " Such performances are described 
 
 both on vellum and on paper are not uncommon. in the following : 
 
 Subsequent to 1257 he enjoyed more freedom, Robert Greene, The Honorable Historic of Frier 
 
 which he used, as Cornelius Agrippa did some two Bacon and Frier Bongay, London, printed by 
 
 and a half centuries later, to make an attack on the Elizabeth Allde, 1630, with a vignette of the Brazen 
 
 monks for their opposition to true learning, and Head scene, 4. A-H in fours. The first edition 
 
 being condemned for innovations in 1278 was again appeared in 1594,4. See Greene's Works, edited 
 
 imprisoned. On his release he may have returned by Dyce, 1831, i. p. 141. 
 
 to Oxford, for the tradition is that he died there The Famous History of Frier Bacon . . . with the 
 
 about 1294, though Pits says 1284. . Lives and Deaths of . . . Bungey and Vandermast, 
 
 E 
 
66 
 
 BA CONBALB1AN 
 
 BACON, Continued. 
 
 London, printed for W. Thackery, with a repro- 
 duction of the vignette, no date, 4. A-F in 
 fours. Black letter. This is contained in the 
 collection of separately printed stories called Tales 
 worth Telling ; or Charming Curiosities, London, 
 J. Roe. No date, 8, pp. 36, with a coloured 
 illustration of the fall of the brazen head, which 
 is dated 1809. 
 
 Bale, lllustrium Majoris Britannia Scriptorum 
 . . . Summarium, Gippeswici, 1548, f. 114. (List 
 of Bacon's works. ) 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 450. 
 
 Pitsaeus, Relationes Historicce de rebus Anglicis, 
 Parisiis, 1619, Tom. i. pp. 366-69 (ann. 1284). 
 
 Naud6, Apologie pour tout les grands personnages 
 . . . soupfonnez de Magie, 1625, p. 488 ; Engl. 
 trans., 1657, p. 229. 
 
 Vossius, De Historicis Latinis Libri III,, 1651, 
 p. 494. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, Paris, 1654, p. 38. 
 
 Vossius, De quatuor Artibus Popularibus Libri 
 Tres. De Universce Mathesios Natura fir* Con- 
 stitutione Liber, 1660, p. no, cap. xxvi. 10 ; pp. 
 179-180, cap. xxxv. 31; p. 351, cap. clx. 13; p. 
 412, cap. Ixx. 7; p. 421, cap. Ixxi. 8. 
 
 Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice Disser- 
 tatio, 1668, p. 123. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . 
 Epistola, Hamb., 1673, p. 131. 
 
 Webster, The Displaying of supposed Witchcraft, 
 1677, p. 7. 
 
 Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, 1687, p. 98. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 12, No. xvi. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgic<e, 1699, p. 
 
 377- 
 
 Leland, Commentarii de ScriptoribusBritannicis, 
 1709, passim. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter; 
 ariam, 1709, iii. p. 497 ; 1710, iv. p. 480. 
 
 Oudin, Commentarii de Scriptoribus ecclesice 
 antiquis, 1722, iii. p. 190. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, 1726, xiii. p. 384, 
 1. vi., c. ix. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 16. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire Historique, 1730, i. p. 416. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 15 & passim. 
 
 Lucas Wadding, Annales Ordinis Minorum, 
 Romse, 1732, iv. p. 264 (ann. 1266, Nos. 13, 14) ; 
 1733, v. p. 51 (ann. 1278, No. 27). 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1733, iii. col. 73. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina media et infimcE 
 eetatis, 1734, i. pp. 430-33. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, pp. 398, 564. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 109-118 ; iii. p. 109. 
 
 Cave, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia 
 Literaria, 1743, iii. p. 324. 
 
 Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748, 
 p. 62. (Enumeration of MSS. of Bacon's works.) 
 
 Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique, 
 1750, i. letter B, pp. 3-11. (Supplement to 
 Bayle's article.) 
 
 Boerhaave, A New Method of Chemistry, by 
 Peter Shaw, 1753, i. p. 28. 
 
 "The Famous Historic of Frier Bacon," taken 
 from an undated edition printed at London by 
 E. A. [probably Elizabeth Allde] for Francis Grove, 
 is contained in Thorns' Early English Prose 
 Romances, 2nd edition, 1858, i. p. 190. 
 
 Bacon's portrait forms the frontispiece to the 
 second volume of Roth-Scholtz's Deutsches Thea- 
 trum Chemicum, 1730. 
 
 Montucla, Histoire des Mathematiques, 1758, i. 
 pp. 421-429. 
 
 More'ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 
 1759, ii. p. 20. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, iii. 
 pp. 817-22 ; App. vi. pp. 596-7. 
 
 Biographia Britannica, ed. Kippis (1778), i. pp. 
 416-440 (a full article). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 76. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 PP- 99. 573, 603. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 92- 
 101. 
 
 Lucas Wadding, Scriptores Ordinis Minorum, 
 Romae, 1806, p. 210. (Short notice and list of his 
 works. ) 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1812, iii. p. 282. 
 
 Wood, Fasti Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820. Part 
 ii. col. 286, 319 (appended to the A thence). 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), i. p. 473 (article by Jourdan). 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopadie, 
 1821, vii. p. 45 (article by Tennernann). 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 142. 
 
 Histoire Litteraire de la France, 1842, xx. pp. 
 227-252 (article by Victor Le Clerc). 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 368- 
 379 ; 1866, i. pp. 390-402. 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1843, ii. p. 575 (article 
 by Suard). 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843-47, i. pp. 63- 
 65 et passim. 
 
 Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au 
 Moyen Age, Paris, 1853. 
 
 Knight, The English Cyclopcedia, 1856, i. col. 
 
 465- 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gentrale, 1859, iv. col. 
 82-93 (article by F. Hoefer). 
 
 Emile Charles, Roger Bacon, sa Vie, ses Ouv- 
 rages, ses Doctrines, Bordeaux, 1861, 8. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittel- 
 alters, 1865, ii. p. 915. 
 
 W. Oncken, Roger Bacon (Gotha), 1866. 
 
 Louis Figuier, Vies des Savants illustres du 
 Moyen Age, 1867, p. 173 (a popular account). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 722-739. 
 
 Haur^au, Histoire de la Philosophic Scolasiique, 
 1872-80, 2 de Partie, T. ii. pp. 75-94. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, iii. 
 1875, pp. 85-99. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1885, n. p. 
 374 (article by the late Professor Adamson). 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. pp. 22, 101, 105 ; 
 ii. pp. 347, 371, 379. 
 
 BALBIAN (JUSTUS A). 
 Dicta Alani. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 721. 
 
BALBIANBALD UINUS 
 
 67 
 
 BALBIAN (JUSTUS A). Continued. 
 
 Tractatus septem de Lapide Philosophico. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 649. 
 
 The titles of the tracts are as follow : 
 
 Tractatus primus Rosarii Abhreviati. 
 
 Tractatus secundus de Lapide Philosophico. 
 
 Tractatus tertius de Minera Philosophica. 
 
 Tractatus quartus qui dicitur Compendium utile 
 ad credendum Meditationum Experimentum. 
 
 Tractatus quintus qui dicitur Rosarium Philo- 
 sophorum ex Compilatione omnium Philosophi- 
 
 Joost van Balbian, of Alost, was born about 
 1560, studied in Italy, graduated as doctor, 
 possibly at Padua, returned to Holland about 
 1597, practised in Gouda and died there in 1616. 
 He is best known by the translation of the ' Dicta 
 Alani,' and by his collection of chemical tracts. 
 
 The latter were published at Leyden, 1599, 8, 
 
 Hendreich, PandectceBrandtnburgicce, 1699, p. 390. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 16. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. no. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 338 (mentions only the Nova ratio). 
 
 BeytragzurGesch. derhohern Chemie, 1785, p, 583. 
 
 corum Librorum, per Toletanum Philosophum 
 Maximum. 
 
 Tractatus sextus cui titulus Parvus Tractatus de 
 Mercuric Philosophico. 
 
 Tractatus septimus brevis sed non levis de 
 Lapide Philosophico. 
 
 With the exception of the fifth they are all 
 anonymous. 
 
 but an edition of 1597 is also mentioned. Lenglet 
 Dufresnoy, followed by Gmelin, quotes an Italian 
 translation : ' Specchio chimico, ' Roma, 1624, to 
 which Gmelin adds one of 1629, 8. 
 
 In the Biographic Medicale, mention is made of 
 another work, which I have not seen : Nova ratio 
 praxeos medicce, Venice, 1600, 8. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 308. 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 2 5). i- P- 573- 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 299. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1853, II. i. p. 69. 
 
 BALDEWEIN (CHRISTIAN ADOLPH). 
 
 See BALDUINUS (CHRISTIANUS ADOLPHUS). 
 
 BALDINGER (ERNST GOTTFRIED). 
 
 See WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN), Kleine Chymische Abhandlungen, 1771. 
 
 See MARHERR (PHILIPP AMBROSIUS). 
 
 Baldinger is the editor of these tracts. He was 
 Professor of Medicine at Jena, and was a medical 
 journalist. A list of his journals will be found in 
 Gmelin's Geschichte, and he himself sketches some 
 of his literary designs in the " Nachricht" prefixed 
 to Marherr's dissertation. 
 
 He was born at Vargula, near Erfurt, in 1738, 
 studied medicine at Erfurt in 1754, then at Halle 
 
 Johann Stephan Putter, Versuch einer academ- 
 ischen Gelehrten-Geschichtevon der Georg-A ugustus- 
 Universitat zu Gottingen, 1765-1838, ii. (1788), p. 76. 
 
 Meusel, Das Gelehrle Teutschland, oder Lexikon 
 der ietzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, i. 
 pp. 127-131. (List of his works.) 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 637 
 & passim. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 370. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), i. pp. 517-522. 
 
 and Jena, and graduated at Erfurt in 1760. After- 
 wards he became Phil. D. of Wittemberg. In 1768 
 he was Professor at Jena, in 1773 Professor of 
 Medicine at Gottingen, removed to Cassel in 1782, 
 and finally to Marburg in 1785, where he died in 
 1804. He was a voluminous writer, author of many 
 academic dissertations, and compiled a Catalogue 
 of those on the history and use of drugs. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten- 
 und Schriftsteller-Geschichte, 1819, xviii. pp. 1-21. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mede- 
 cine, 1828, i. pp. 256-259. 
 
 Pierer, Universal- Lexikon, Altenburg, 1835, ii. 
 617. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, 
 ii. pp. 631-634 (reprinted from the Biographic 
 Medicale}. 
 
 Job. Gunther, Lebenskizzen der Professoren der 
 Unive rsitdt Jena, 1858, p. 129. 
 
 BALDUINUS (CHRISTIANUS ADOLPHUS). 
 
 Aurum Aurse, Vi Magnetism! universalis attractum, per Inventorem anagram- 
 matizomenum : Sic (infra, supra) Sol Duplus Abundat in Auris. Colonia 
 ad Spream Impensis Ruperti Volckers, Bibliop. clalDcLXXIV. 
 
 8. Pp. 53 [2]. 
 
 "Sic Sol Duplus Abundat in Auris" is an out the name of the place ; and as it was not to be 
 anagram for Christianus Adolphus Balduinus, had at the booksellers he took the liberty of re- 
 omitting the letter h. printing it, hoping that the author, whoever he was, 
 
 This tract (according to the epilogue by Jo. Sig. would not be offended. It was somewhat enlarged 
 Elsholz) was published the previous year, but with- in the edition of the following year. 
 
68 BALDUINUS 
 
 BALDUINUS (CHRISTIANUS ADOLPHUS). Continued. 
 
 Aurum Superius & Inferius Aurse Superioris & Inferioris Hermeticum Christian! 
 Adolphi Balduini, S. R. J. Academ. Nat. Curiosor. Colleg. cognom. Hermetis. 
 Francofurti & Lipsise, Sumpt. Georg. Heinr. Frommanni. M DC LXXV. 
 
 12. Pp. [32] 173 [i]. Folding engraved symbolical title, not included in the 
 pagination ; 2 folding plates. 
 
 Prefixed to this is the ' Phosphorus Hermeticus,' with the following title : 
 
 Phosphorus Hermeticus, sive Magnes Luminaris Christiani Adolphi Balduini, 
 S. R. J. Academ. Nat. Curiosor. Colleg. cognom. Hermetis. Francofurti & Lipsise, 
 Sumpt. Georg. Heinr. Frommanni. M DC LXXV. 
 
 12. No pagination. [Pp. 20.] 
 
 Aurum Superius & Inferius Aurse Superioris & Inferioris Hermeticum, 
 Christiani Adolphi Balduini, S. R. I. Academ, Nat. Colleg. Cognom. Hermetis. 
 Amstelodami Apud Joannem Jansonium a Waesberge. MDCLXXV. 
 12. Pp. [20] 96 [13, 3 blank]. Engraved title on two leaves, 2 folding plates. 
 
 The Appendix unpaged, contains the Phosphorus 173-179- Of the ' Phosphorus Hermeticus' Fuchs 
 
 Hermeticus, sive Magnes Luminaris. quotes an edition Lipsae, 1674, 12. In another 
 
 This tract was also printed in the Miscellanea issue of the Miscellanea, 1676, these three tracts 
 
 Academic Nat-ura Curiosorum, 1676, Appendix will be found on pp. 91-157. Besides the above 
 
 ad Annum quartum & quintum, pp. 105-166, edition, Fuchs quotes another: Colonife ad Spream 
 
 followed by the ' Phosphorus Hermeticus, ' pp. 167- et Lipsiae. 
 172, and an ' Epistola ' by Fried. Hoffmann, pp. 
 
 Hermes Curiosus, sive Inventa et Experimenta Physico-Chymica Nova Christiani 
 Adolphi Balduini, S. R. I. Academ. Nat. Curios. & Societ. Reg. Anglic. 
 Collegae, d. Hermetis. Lipsise, Sumptibus Georgii Heinric. Frommanni, 
 Anno 1680. 
 
 12. Pp. 58 [2 blank? wanting]. 
 
 Heindreich quotes an edition of Leipzig, 1667, 12. There is an edition : Haynae, Typis Autoris, 
 Anno 1679 ; small 8, pp. [56]. 
 
 Hermes Curiosus, sive Inventa et Experimenta Physico-Chymica Nova Christiani 
 Adolphi Balduini, S. R. I. Academ. Nat. Curios. & Societ. Reg. Anglic. 
 Collegse, d. Hermetis. M.DC.LXXX. 
 
 12. Pp. [58, 2 blank]. 
 
 Aurum Superius & Inferius aurse superioris et inferioris hermeticum. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 856. 
 
 Phosphorus Hermeticus. 
 
 See MENTZEL (CHRISTIAN), Lapis Bononiensis, 1675. 
 
 By some writers Baldewein, Balduin or Balduinus, of alchemy, and discovered the fluorescent sub- 
 is styled Christoph, and Adam, although in his stance, calcium nitrate, which is still known as 
 writings he calls himself Christian Adolph. He Balduin's phosphorus. He was a member of the 
 was born at Doebeln, near Meissen (Saxony) in Academia Naturae Curiosorum in 1673, under the 
 1632. He first took up law, went to Ratisbon name of Hermes, in the Proceedings of which his 
 where he lived for a little time, returned in 1654 to papers appear, and he was also a fellow of the 
 Saxony, and was appointed ' Amtmann ' at Gross- Royal Society, 1676. He died in Dec. 31, 1682. 
 or Grosenhain. He devoted himself to the study 
 
 Henningus Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallicce, 
 
 Sig. Tttt2 verso, Ann. 1682. 1732, p. 19- 
 
 Christoph. Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgica, Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 379. 
 
 Berol., 1699, p. 394. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. in. 
 
 ariam, 1709, iii. p. 587. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelekrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. col. 735. 
 
 17. Dresd. Gelehrten Anzeiger, 1754, p. 155. 
 
BALDUINUSBAPST 69 
 
 BALDUINUS (CHRISTIANUS ADOLPHUS). Continued. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Naturcc Curiosorum Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 448. 
 
 Historia, 1755, p. 466, No. 50. Nouvelle Biographic G<!ntrale, 1859, iv. col. 272. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der h'dhern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. 219; ii. 366. 
 
 p. 625. See also ELSHOLZ (Johann Sigismund) for an 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 24, account of the different kinds of phosphorus. 
 
 115, 137, 219. For some historical notes on the phosphor! of 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 178, 182, 183, Balduinus, Licetus, Kunckel, &c., see Borrichius' 
 
 187. " Dissertatio de variis excitandi ignis modis, et 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, Phosphoro," in his Dissertationes Academicce, 
 
 Appendix IV. p. xxvii. Hauniae, 1715, i. p. 489 sqq. 
 
 BANG (THOMAS). 
 
 QlpPt tS3? Caelum Orientis et prisci mundi triade exercitationum literariarum 
 repraesentatum, curisque Thomas BangI D. et Pr. Regii Hauniensis inves- 
 tigatum. Cum S. R. M. Friderici III. special! privilegio. Hauniae, Typis 
 Petri MorsingI, Reg. & Acad. Typogr. Sumptibus vero Petri Hauboldi 
 Bibliop. M.DC.LVII. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 224. Title red and black. Curious engraved symbolical title. 
 
 The front margins up to p. 24 have been damaged and repaired, but this has 
 entailed the loss of a part of the engraved title. 
 
 Reimmann says the book was rare in his time, studied there and at Rostock and Wittemberg. 
 
 It does not treat of chemistry, but of the origin In 1630 he was appointed Professor of Hebrew at 
 
 and early use of written characters and their signi- Copenhagen, 1652, Professor of Theology, Doctor 
 
 ficance. In so far as it refers to the Cabala it may in 1653, Librarian of the University in 1656, died 
 
 be of use in elucidating some of the alchemical 27th October, 1661. His works relate to Oriental 
 
 ideas. There was an edition, Krakau, 1691, 4. scholarship. 
 
 Bang was born at Copenhagen in 1600. He 
 
 Albertus Bartholinus, De Scriptis Danorum liber Bayle, Dictionaire Historique, 1730, i. p. 439. 
 posthumus, 1666, p. 136. Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Qqq2 1736, p. 77. 
 verso, Ann. 27 Oct. , 1661. Vogt, Catalogus historico-criticus Librorum 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicee, 1699, p. rariorum, 1747, p. 72. 
 404. Cle'ment, Bibliotheque Curieuse, 1751, ii. p. 403. 
 
 Reimmann, Anleitung in die Historiam liter- Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1890, i. p. 501. 
 ariam Antediluvianam, 1709, p. 235. 
 
 BAPST (MICHAEL). 
 
 Michaelis Bapsts von Rochlitz luniperetum oder Wacholder-Garten, darinnen 
 zu befinden : Wie man aus diesem edlen Gewechse, Wasser, Extracten, Oehl 
 vnd Salien, durch die Spargierische vnd Chymistische Kunst bereiten vnd 
 zurichten soil. Sampt grtindlichem vnd niitzlichem vnterricht, wie die bereite 
 Artzneyen, inn vnd ausserhalb des Menschlichen Corpers, zu allerley 
 Gebrechen vnd Kranckheiten wol vnd erspriefslichen gebraucht werden 
 mogen. Aus vieler hochgelehrter Ertzte, vnd vornehmer Artisten Biicher, 
 auch Experientz zusammen getragen, Jetzo aber nach des Autoris (seligen) 
 Tod vbersehen vnnd in Druck verfertiget, durch loachimum Tanckium, D. 
 Eifsleben Gedruckt, In vorlegung Henningi Grossen, Buchhandlers in Leipzig, 
 Jm M.DC.V. Jahr. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 268. Register [n] [i blank]. 
 
 Colophon : Typis Grofsianis. Gedruckt zu Eifsleben, durch Jacobum^Haubisch, in 
 vorlegung Henningi Grossen, Buchhandlers in Leipzig. Anno M. D.C. V. 
 
 Michael Bapst was born in 1540 at Rochlitz, monly reported to be a Paracelsist, but Schubert 
 studied at Leipzig, and in 1571 became Pastor at and Sudhoff have shown that he was not a medical 
 Mohorn in Saxony. For the support of his large man at all, but merely a compiler of popular books, 
 family he opened a school, and besides found time having medicine for their subject, and was in no 
 to write numerous works, both of a religious sense either a Paracelsist or a Galenist. The 
 character and also on popular medicine and luniperetum was his last publication, 
 science. He died at Mohorn in 1603. He is com- 
 
;o 
 
 BAPSTBARBA 
 
 BAPST (MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 268. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 254. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 292. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. 288, 
 quotes some of his medical compilations. Of these 
 one of the most noteworthy is his Wunderbarliches 
 Leib- und Wundarzneybuch, Eisleben, 1596, 4. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), i. p. 537. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde , 1827, iii. 
 P- 5 r 4- 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1875, ii. 44. 
 Article by Scherer and Hirsch. Scherer describes 
 him as a poet. Hirsch speaks of him as without 
 positive knowledge in medicine, and as being 
 involved in mysticism. 
 
 Schubert und Sudhoff : ' ' Die Schriften des 
 Michael Bapst von Rochlitz (1540-1603)" in the 
 Centralblatt fur Bibliothekswesen, No. 12, Dec. 
 1889, vol. "'. p. 537. 
 
 "Michael Bapst von Rochlitz, Pfarrer zu Mo- 
 horn," in Neues Archiv fur Sdchsische Geschichte 
 und Alter thumskunde, Bd. xi. Hft. i & 2. 
 
 BARBA (ALBARO ALONSO). 
 
 Albaro Alonso Barba, eines Spanischen Priesters und hocherfahrnen Naturkiin- 
 digers Berg-Biichlein, Darinnen von der Metallen und Mineralien Generalia 
 und Ursprung, wie auch von derselben Natur und Eigenschafft, Mannigfaltig- 
 keit, Scheidung und Fein-machung, imgleichen allerhand Edelgesteinen, ihre 
 Generation etc. aufsfiihrlich und nutzbarlich gehandelt wird. Anfangs in 
 Spanischer Sprache beschrieben, und in zwey Theile getheilet. Nun aber 
 alien Bergwercks-Zugethanen und Bedienten, imgleichen auch andern Ertz- 
 und Natur-Kiindigern, und der Alchimie Beflissenen zu Dienst und Gefallen 
 in Teutsch ubersetzet von I. L. M. C. Mit Chur Sachsischer Freyheit nicht 
 nach zudrucken. -Hamburg, auf Gottfried Schultzens Kosten. 1676. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 1-128. 
 
 Das Andere Buch von der Kunst der Metallen, worinnen der gemeine Weg das 
 Silber durch Qvecksilber fein zu machen gelehret wird, nebst etlichen neuen Regulen 
 solches desto besser ins Werck zu setzen. Anfangs im Jahr 1640, in Spanischer 
 Sprach beschrieben von Albaro Alonso Barba, Kunstmeistern, Priestern der Gemeine 
 in der St. Bernhards Kjrchen in der Konigl. Stadt Potosi in dem Konigreich Peru in 
 West-Indien ; Nunmehro aber den Liebhabern zu gefallen ins Teutsch iiberbracht von 
 I. L. M. C. Hamburg, auff Gottfried Schultzens Kosten, gedruckt im Jahr 1676. 
 
 Title [2] 129-204. Register [4]. Plate of Apparatus. 
 
 Though the present copy belonged to Jo. Wilh. 
 Baumer, yet in his Bibliotheca Chemica (q.v.) he 
 quotes the Franckfurt editions of 1726 and 1739 
 only. He may have got this copy after the 
 Bibliotheca was printed. 
 
 Presumably it was translated by Johann Lange, 
 the indefatigable editor and translator of so much 
 chemical literature ; but he does not say from what 
 language he took it. 
 
 See COLLECTION (A) of scarce and valuable treatises upon Metals . . . London, 
 1740. 
 
 Barba was a native of the village of Lepe in 
 Andalusia. He entered the church and became 
 pastor of St. Bernards at Potosi, in South America. 
 While there he had the opportunity of studying 
 minerals and mining, extraction of silver and 
 assaying, and became very skilful in these branches 
 of science. He embodied his knowledge and ex- 
 perience in the treatise El arte de los metallos, 
 published at Madrid in 1640 in 4, with illustrations. 
 It was kept as secret as possible by the Spaniards, 
 but when Edw. Montagu, Earl of Sandwich, was 
 ambassador extraordinary to Spain, he obtained a 
 copy and translated two out of the five books into 
 English in 1669. The first book appeared at 
 London in 1670, and the two together in 1674. 
 Two German translations followed, one from the 
 English, and, long after, another from the French ; 
 and two in French from the Spanish. The work 
 still retains its interest and throws much light on 
 the practical and theoretical views of the time. 
 
 The following editions are mentioned : 
 Spanish : Madrid, 1640, 4 ; 1729, 8 ; Corduba, 
 1675 ; Lima, 1817, 4. 
 English : London, 1670, 8 ; 1674, 8 ; 1738, 
 
 1739, !740, 12. 
 
 German : Hamburg, 1676, 1696, 8 ; Franckfurt, 
 1726, 8 ; 1739, 8 ; Wien, 1749, by Godar, from 
 the French (pp. [22] 264 [24], with 8 plates) ; Wien, 
 1767, 8. 
 
 French : Paris, 1730, 12, by Hautin de Villars, 
 "an abridgement made by one who knew Spanish 
 well"; 1751, 2 vols. 12, translated from the 
 Spanish by Lenglet Dufresnoy, (the epistle is 
 signed Grosfort, a pseudonym; which he had 
 assumed) ; La Haye, 1752, 12 . 
 
 Gobet asserts that Barba claimed the discovery 
 of the amalgamation process. Beckmann shows 
 that Barba does not make this claim, and that 
 Gobet is mistaken. 
 
 Nothing is recorded as to the dates of Barba's 
 
BARBABA RCHUSEN 
 
 BARBA (ALBARO ALONSO). Continued. 
 
 birth and death, but he must have been born in the 
 latter part of the sixteenth century and lived on to 
 the middle of the seventeenth. QueYard says that 
 he was of the eighteenth century, which is obviously 
 a mistake. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687 (addit. ) p. 289. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgica, 1699, p. 
 409. 
 
 Jac. Tollius, Epistolce Itineraries, ed. Henninius, 
 1700, p. 128. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 17. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 
 Wolffenbiittel, 1732, p. 19, with Lessing's note. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 112 (Spanish, Madrid, 
 1649, 1720 ; French, 1730 abridgment). 
 
 La France Littiraire, Paris, 1769, ii. p. 410 
 (says that the second volume was by Lenglet Du- 
 fresnoy). 
 
 Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten 
 Chemie, 1777, ii. pp. 439, 467. 
 
 Gobet, Les Anciens Mintralogistes de France, 
 J 779i ' P- 382, note. 
 
 Hendreich quotes an English edition of 1669. I 
 have not seen one of that year, and he may have 
 possibly taken the date of translation as that of 
 publication. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 66. 
 
 Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Nova, 
 Matriti, 1783, i. p. 57. 
 
 Beckmann, Beytrage zur Geschichte der Er- 
 findungen, 1786, i. p. 51. English translation, 
 London, 1814, i. p. 28. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 
 747-757- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 177, 245, 252. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 2 5), i- P- 538. 
 
 J. M. QueYard, La France Littlraire, Paris, 
 1827, i. p. 171. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 313 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 305. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1182. 
 
 BARCHUSEN QOHANN CONRAD). 
 
 Joannis Conradi Barchusen Acroamata, in quibus complura ad latro- Chemiam 
 atque Physicam spectantia, iocunda rerum varietate, explicantur. Trajecti 
 Batavorum, Impensis Joannis Vischii. 1703. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 376. Index [21] [i errata] [2 blank]. Title red and black. Portrait 
 of ' Godefndi Jac. Fil. ThomasI Philosophi et Medici ' on the reverse of the title. 
 
 This is an interesting series of papers upon acids, 
 salts, precipitation, fire, water, earth, fermentation, 
 and other chemical subjects, but of special note are 
 the address he gave on his appointment to the 
 Chair of Chemistry in Utrecht : on the Antiquity 
 
 and Use of Chemistry; Defence of Chemical 
 Principles against the Peripatetics ; the Vindication 
 of Chemical Principles against the Mathematical ; 
 the Explanation of certain Chemical Fables, and 
 on the Mutability of Medicine. 
 
 Johannis Conradi Barchusen Compendium Ratiocinii Chemici More Geometra- 
 rum Concinnatum. Lugduni Batavorum, Impensis Theodori Haakii. 
 Bibliop. MDCCXII. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 70 [i errata, i blank]. 
 
 This is not a practical treatise on chemical pre- 
 parations, but an exposition of chemical principles 
 and theory. It consists of nineteen ' Definitiones,' 
 seven ' Postulata,' and six ' Pronunciata,' each of 
 which have a short ' Explanatio ' added, and then 
 
 follow fifty-two ' Propositiones ' each with a ' De- 
 monstratio ' appended. It is quite an exceptional 
 book in the literature of the time ; but compare the 
 
 work Of J. J. ROSENSTENGEL. 
 
 Joannis Conradi Barchusen Pyrosophia, succincte atque breviter latro-Chemiam, 
 Rem Metallicam et Chrysopoeiam pervestigans. Opus Medicis, Physicis, 
 Chemicis, Pharmacopoeis, Metallicis, &c. non inutile. [Vignette.] 
 Lugduni Batavorum, Impensis Cornelii Boutestein. M.DC.XCVIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 469 [i]. 5 engraved plates of apparatus, etc. Title red and black. 
 
 Johannis Conradi Barchusen Elementa Chemise, quibus subjuncta est Con- 
 fectura Lapidis Philosophici Imaginibus Repraesentata. Lugduni Bata- 
 vorum, Apud Theodorum Haak, 1718. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 532 [19, i blank]. Title red and black, with a vignette of a gardener, 
 apparently grafting a tree ; Motto : Labore et Coeli Favore. Five plates of apparatus 
 and nineteen of alchemical operations. 
 
BARCHUSENBARLE T 
 
 BARCHUSEN QOHANN CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 This is a revised edition of the Pyrosophia. It 
 deals not only with Chemistry but the last division 
 with the symbolical pictures is intended to be a 
 practical introduction to Alchemy. He admits 
 that he never actually witnessed a case of transmu- 
 tation, but he had heard of such and had seen the 
 crucibles and the gold described by Helvetius. See 
 the 1698 edition, p. 424, and compare the above, p. 
 487. 
 
 Barchusen (Barchausen, Barckhausen, Barck- 
 husen, Barkhusen, Barckusen, Barkhausen, Bar- 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 17. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. 231-6 (contains reviews of his books). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 81. 
 
 Caspar Burmann, Trajectum Eruditum, 1750, 
 p. 14 (gives a list of his works). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 28. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 645, 659. 
 
 kausen, Barkhuysen, all of which forms occur) 
 was born at Horn, in Lippe, 1666. He 
 studied pharmacy, travelled, and accompanied the 
 Venetian expedition to the Morea as physician ; 
 was Lector in Medicine at Utrecht, 1698, Extra- 
 Professor of Chemistry, 1703 ; wrote several works, 
 one of the most notable being the Historia 
 Medicine, Amst. , 1710, 8, afterwards published 
 as Dissertationes de medicines origine et progressu, 
 Utrecht, 1723, 4 (an interesting collection of 
 essays), and died at Utrecht, 1723. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 379, 
 690, 711, 715. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 201, 210. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 219, 427, 512. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1843, iii. p. 71. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 286 & 
 passim. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1853, II. i. p. 114. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 161. 
 
 BARCIUS (M.). 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 95. 
 
 See GLORIA MUNDI. 
 
 See STERNBERG (jOHANN VON). 
 
 BARICELLI (GIULIO CESARE). 
 
 lulii Csesaris Baricelli, a Sancto Marco, Doctoris Medici, & Philosophi, Hortulus 
 Genialis siue Arcanorum valde Admirabilium tarn in arte Medica quam 
 reliqua Philosophia, Compendium, Curiosis Naturae Scrutatoribus lectu tarn 
 utile quam iucundum. Ex ipsius Auctoris pragcipue Observationibus con- 
 cinnatum. Coloniae, Excudebat Matthaeus Smitz. Anno M.DC.XX. 
 12. Pp. 353. Index pp. [19]. 
 
 A book of receipts, secrets, and curiosities of 
 natural history, collected from a number of authors. 
 It does not refer specially to chemistry. 
 
 Baricelli, a Neapolitan physician, of San Marco, 
 in the diocese of Benevento, flourished at the end 
 of the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth 
 century, and besides the Hortulus, wrote a book on 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis Libri duo, 
 1637, p. 321. 
 
 Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana et Apparato a gli 
 huomini illustri in lettere di Napoli, 1678, p. 165. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 718. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 210, 230. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgicce , 1699, 
 p. 417. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 236. 
 
 Stolle, A nleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 578. 
 
 the properties and use of milk, whey and butter : 
 De lactis, seri & butyri facultatibus , 6* usu opus- 
 cula, Neap, apud Lazarum Scorigium, 1623, 4, 
 and one De Sudore Humani Carports, in four 
 books, Naples, 1614, 4. It is commended by 
 Schelhammer in Conring's Introductio. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 82. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 787. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinte practices, 1777, ii. 
 P- 367. (The present work is rather roughly 
 handled but Haller forgets that it was then 150 
 years old. ) 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 594. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke(i82o-25), 
 i. p. 556. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtn/lrale, 1859, iv/ col. 504. 
 
 BARLET (ANNIBAL). 
 
 Le vray et methodique Cours de la Physique resolutive, vulgairement dite 
 Chymie. Represente par Figures generales & particulieres. Pour connoistre 
 La Theotechnie Ergocosmique, c'est a dire, L'Art de Dieu, en 1'ouvrage de 
 1'univers. Par Annibal Barlet, D. Med. & Demonstrateur d'icelle. A Paris, 
 
BARLETBARNAUD 73 
 
 BARLET (ANNIBAL). Continued. 
 
 chez N. Charles, proche sainct Hilaire, & se distribue par 1'Autheur, au 
 College des trois Euesques. M.DC.LIII. Avec Privilege du Roy. 
 
 4. Pp. [10, including woodcut title], 626 [10] ; 36 full-page woodcuts in the text, 
 and i folding plate separate. It wants the table of chemical signs and leaf of explana- 
 tions, and a folding printed table, separate. 
 
 Borel and, after him, Lenglet Dufresnoy quote at the present day. Barlet was the instructor 
 
 Barlet's book under the title : Ars Dei, vel Theo- in Chemistry of Dr. Matthew Mackaile, the Aber- 
 
 technia Ergocosmica, Paris, 1653, 4, which looks deen physician, who is known by his book on 
 
 as if there were a Latin translation. They mention Moffat-well. 
 
 aji Abregi des choses ndcessaires au cours de la In the Biogra.ph.ie Mtdicale it is said that the 
 
 Chimie . . , extrait de la Theotechnie Ergocos- titles alone indicate that the books are devoted to 
 
 inique . . . Paris, 12, also by Barlet, and Lenglet alchemical reveries, but whatever the titles may do 
 
 Dufresnoy adds maliciously : ' C'est un fort petit the present work treats of the preparation of various 
 
 Livre de peu de consequence!' Of the other he substances mainly for medical purposes, and not for 
 
 says that it is larger, but not in request. All the alchemical. The books are also quoted by Gmelin. 
 same the illustrations that it contains of the interior Ladrague calls it : " Ouvrage de peu de valeur, 
 
 of a seventeenth century laboratory are interesting chimie non de'gag^e de I'Alchimie." 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 41. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 25), i. p. 558. 
 
 Hermeiique, 1742, iii. p. 112. Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1797, i. p. 744. 1870, No. 1136. 
 
 BARMA. 
 
 See HUGINUS A BARMA. 
 
 BARNAUD (NICOLAS). 
 
 Quadriga Aurifera, nunc primiim a Nicolao Barnaudo a Crista-arnaudi Delphinate 
 Gallo philosopho & medico in lucem edita. 
 
 Nihil sine Numine. 
 
 Ex Officina Plantiniana, Apud Christophorum Raphelengium, Academiae 
 Lugduno Bat. Typographum. clo.Io.ic. 
 
 8. Pp. 95 [i blank]. Plantin's device of a pair of compasses without the hand, 
 and the motto : Lahore et Constantia, on the title-page. 
 
 The volume contains a dedication to Count George Ripley, Liber de Mercurio et Lapide, 
 
 Heinrich-Friedrich of Nassau, and a preface re- p. 71. 
 
 ferring to the Triga. The four Tracts, called Rota, Scriptum . . . Elixir Solis Theophrasti Para- 
 ex Wheels, are : celsi tractans, p. 89. 
 
 Tractatus de Philosophia Metallorum, p. u. Dedications are prefixed to the last three. 
 
 George Ripley, Liber duodecim portarum, p. 23. 
 
 Triga Chemica : de Lapide Philosophico tractatus tres, editore & commen- 
 tatore Nicolao Barnaudo Delphinate Gallo, Philosopho & Medico. 
 
 Nihil sine Numine. 
 
 Ex Officina Plantiniana, Apud Christophorum Raphelengium, Academise 
 Lugduno-Bat. Typographum. clD.Io.ic. 
 
 8. Pp. 40 [15, i blank], Plantin's device of a hand drawing a circle with a pair 
 of compasses, enclosed in a wreath, with the motto : Labore et Constantia. 
 
 There is a dedication to Princess Anna of Arcanum Philosophorum, and a Brevis elucidatio 
 Sweden, by Barnaud, and the three tracts are : of it by Barnaud, and a dedication to Nicolas 
 
 Lambspringk, De Lapide Philosophico, p. n. Wolski by Barnaud, p. 41. 
 
 Philosophus Gallus Anonymus, Liber secreti 
 maximi totius mundance glories, p. 25. 
 
 In aenigmaticum quoddam Epitaphium . . . Aelia Laelia Crispis, . . . Com- 
 mentariolum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 744. 
 
 See MANGET (J. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 7 13. 
 
74 
 
 BARN A UDBARNER 
 
 BARNAUD (NICOLAS). Continued. 
 
 According to Hendreich, his commentary on 
 ALlia Lcelia Crispis appeared Lugd. Bat. 1597, 
 8, and Ursell. 1602, 8. The latter may refer to 
 the Theatrum Chemicum of that date, where it 
 appears in vol. iii. p. 836, though there may have 
 been a separate edition also. 
 
 Borrichius who prints the /Enigma and discusses 
 the interpretations proposed decides in favour of 
 its meaning either rain water according to Michael 
 Angelus or the philosopher's stone according to 
 Barnaud. See .<ELIA LCELIA CRISPIS and the note 
 upon it. 
 
 Quadriga Aurifera. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 790. 
 
 Triga Chemica. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 765. 
 
 Only the tracts by Lambspringk, etc., are reprinted, and Barnaud's name and 
 dedication are omitted. 
 
 Barnaud was a native of Crest in Dauphins'. He 
 was a physician and alchemist, and wrote a few 
 books. These however have been entered under 
 erroneous headings, such as Bernaudus, Barn- 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 168 
 (discusses the Epitaphium Banontes). 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scrip tis Medicis, libri duo, 
 1637, p. 368. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 41. 
 
 Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice 
 Dissertatio, 1668, p. 106. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 830 
 (under N. Barnhardus). 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce BrandenburgiccB, 1699, 
 p. 421. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 795. 
 
 Cle'ment, Bibliotheque Curieuse, 1751, ii. 438 
 (quotes Epitaphium Bononiense, Lugd. Bat. 1597, 
 8 and 2nd edit. Ursell. 1602, from Hendreich, 
 presumably). 
 
 Prosper Marchand, Dictionaire historique, La 
 
 hardus, Bernardus, by some writers. He visited 
 Spain in 1559, he was at Bale in 1575 ; Leyden, 
 1599; Tergou, 1601. 
 The dates of his birth and death are unknown. 
 
 Haye, 1758, i. pp. 82-87 ( tne m ost detailed account 
 of Barnaud). 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narr/ieit, 
 1785, i. p. 71 (taken from Marchand). 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Alchemic, 1789, p. 54 
 (the Commentariolum). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 305, 
 306, 556, 557. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 298. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Ge'ne'rale, 1859, iv. col. 526. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge, 1869, i. p. 23. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 604, 605. 
 
 Pisanus Fraxi, Centuria Librorum Abscondi- 
 torum, 1879, pp. 177, 181. 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp. 
 428, 499, 538, 600. 
 
 EARNER QACOB). 
 
 Chymia Philosophica perfecte delineata, docte enucleata & feliciter demonstrata 
 a multis hactenus desiderata nunc vero omnibus Philatris consecrata cum 
 brevi sed accurata & fundamentali salium doctrina. Medicamentis etiam 
 sine igne culinari facile parabilibus, nee non exercitio Chymise appendicis 
 loco locupletata, Autore Jacobo Barnero Phil. & Med. D. Cum Indice rerum 
 consummatisfimo publici nunc juris facta. Noribergae, Sumtibus Andreae 
 Ottonis. M.DC.LXXXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [14], s6o> Frontispiece and 8 engraved plates of apparatus. Woodcuts 
 in the text. Title red and black. Wants the index, pp. 56. 
 
 Earner was born at Elbingen in 1641. "A 
 scholar of Sennert's, and adherent of v. Helmont's." 
 He was Professor of Medicine and Chemistry at 
 Padua, then at Leipzig, and finally physician at 
 Elbingen, where he died in 1686. He wrote 
 several works : Prodromus vindiciarum . . . Aug. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 475. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, p. 385. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 18. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Histoire der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 794. 
 
 Kestner, Medicin. Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 82. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermitique, 1742, iii. 114. 
 
 Vind. 1667 ; Exercitium chymicum, Patav. 1670, 
 4; Spiritus vini sine acido . . . Lips. 1675, 8. 
 Of the present work there was also an edition 
 with Elsholz, and Rolfinck, edited by Roth-Scholtz, 
 Nurnberg. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Me"decine, 
 1778, i. p. 260. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 22. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 640. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 136, 
 232. 
 
 Biographie Universclle, 1843, iii. p. 118. 
 
BARON BARRETT 75 
 
 BARON (HYACINTHE THEODORE), Senr. 
 See CODEX Medicamentarius, 1732. 
 
 Baron, the elder, was born at Paris, April, 1686, Paris, July 28, 1758. Gmelin quotes an edition, 
 
 graduated M.D. in 1710, was Professor of Surgery, Paris, 1749, besides the above; Baumer one at 
 
 Materia Medica and Pharmacy, and in 1730 was Lausanne, 1737 ; and editions of Paris, 1758, 4, 
 
 elected Dean of the Faculty there. He wrote and Frankfurt, 1760, 4, are mentioned, 
 some papers on medical subjects. He died at 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique, 1778, i. p. 261. Biographic Mtfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. in. 25), i. p. 563. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 378, Qu^rard, La France Litteraire, 1827, i. p. 185. 
 419. 754- 
 
 BARRETT (FRANCIS). 
 
 The Magus, or Celestial Intelligencer; being a complete System of Occult 
 Philosophy. In Three Books : Containing the Antient and Modern Practice 
 of the Cabalistic Art, Natural and Celestial Magic, &c. ; shewing the wonderful 
 Effects that may be performed by a Knowledge of the Celestial Influences, 
 the occult Properties of Metals, Herbs, and Stones, and the Application of 
 Active to Passive Principles. Exhibiting the Sciences of Natural Magic; 
 Alchymy, or Hermetic Philosophy; also the Nature, Creation, and Fall 
 of Man ; his natural and supernatural Gifts ; the magical Power inherent 
 in the Soul, &c. ; with a great Variety of rare Experiments in Natural Magic : 
 the Constellatory Practice, or Talismanic Magic ; the Nature of the 
 Elements, Stars, Planets, Signs, &c. ; the Construction and Composition of 
 all sorts of Magic Seals, Images, Rings, Glasses, &c. ; the Virtue and 
 Efficacy of Numbers, Characters, and Figures, of good and evil Spirits. 
 Magnetism, and Cabalistical or Ceremonial Magic ; in which the secret 
 Mysteries of the Cabala are explained; the Operations of good and evil 
 Spirits ; all kinds of Cabalistic Figures, Tables, Seals, and Names, with their 
 Use, &c. The Times, Bonds, Offices, and Conjuration of Spirits. To which 
 is added Biographia Antiqua, or the Lives of the most eminent Philosophers, 
 Magi, &c. The whole illustrated with a great variety of Curious Engravings, 
 Magical and Cabalistical Figures, &c. By Francis Barrett, F.R.C. Professor 
 of Chemistry, natural and occult Philosophy, the Cabala, &c., &c. London: 
 Printed for Lackington, Allen, and Co., Temple of the Muses, Finsbury 
 Square. 1801. 
 
 4. Pp. xv. [i] 175 [ i blank]. Book ii. 198 [2 of book advertisements]. Portrait 
 and 6 plates in Book i. 16 plates (of which 5 are coloured) in Book ii. Book ii. 
 containing Magnetism has a fly-title. 
 
 There was an undated reprint of this book, with complete system of occult philosophy . . ., 1896, W. 
 the coloured portraits of demons, issued about 1875. W. Harmon, printer and publisher, Boston, Mass., 
 Besides a section on Alchemy, there are short U.S.A." It is in large 8; the portraits of the 
 biographies of Hermes, Agrippa, Albertus, Roger "vessels of iniquity," etc., are uncoloured, and the 
 Bacon, Lully, Ripley, Hollandus, Paracelsus, other illustrations are woodcut or similar repro- 
 Glauber, Dee and Kelly. The coloured portraits ductions of the handsome engravings of the 
 of demons by Barrett christened " Vessels of original. Under his portrait the author is called 
 Wrath," " Fallen Angels," " Powers of Evil," etc., F.R.S. ; that is an error, for on the original title- 
 may be compared with those in the Sammlung der page (not on the portrait) he styles himself not 
 gr'ofsten Geheimnisse, and some by Eliphaz Levi. F.R.S. but F. R.C., brother of the Rosy Cross. 
 The title is a full enough description of the contents. The publisher calls the first edition ' ' an almost 
 
 This magical 'en-tout-cas' has been again re- extinct print." It is not quite that yet. 
 printed as follows : ' ' The Book of the Magi . . . A 
 
 See LIVES (THE) OF THE ADEPTS in Alchemystical Philosophy. 
 
76 
 
 BAR THBA RTHOLOM& US 
 
 EARTH (JEREMIAS). 
 
 See BEGUIN (JEAN). 
 
 Earth was the pupil at whose instigation Be- 
 guinus wrote the Tyrocinium. He was a native of 
 Sprottau, in Silesia. 
 
 BARTHOLINUS (THOMAS). 
 De Transplantatione Morborum. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 528. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), i- P- 571- 
 
 Bartholinus was one of the most accomplished 
 men of his time in Europe. He was born at 
 Copenhagen, Oct. 20, 1616 ; studied languages 
 and philosophy there, and then theology and 
 medicine, went to Leyden in 1637, and devoted 
 himself to literature and Arabic under Salmasius 
 and Golius. The next couple of years he spent 
 in Paris and Montpelier, passed into Italy and 
 stayed three years in Padua. He afterwards 
 visited Rome and other places, and proceeded to 
 Naples and Sicily. In Messina the Chair of Phil- 
 osophy was offered to him, but he declined it and 
 travelled back to Basel in 1645 and was created 
 Doctor of Medicine by Joh. Caspar Bauhinus, and 
 a member of the Collegium Medicum. He con- 
 tinued his journey through France, the Netherlands, 
 and Germany, and arrived home in 1646. In 1647 
 he took the post of Professor of Mathematics, in 
 1648 of Anatomy and Medicine, and in 1654 was 
 made perpetual dean of the Collegium Medicum. 
 After a brilliant career the king nominated him 
 honorary professor, to allow him time to pursue 
 his own work, and he retired to an estate which he 
 
 Erasmus P. F. Vindingius, Regia Academia 
 Hauniensis in Regibus . . . Professoribus suis 
 repr&sentata, 1665, pp. 378-384. 
 
 Albert. Bartholinus, De Serif tis Danorum Liber 
 Posthumus, 1666, pp. 138-143. 
 
 Kbnig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 88. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1003- 
 
 IOII. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, p. 170; addit. pp. 137, 174, 184, 205. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum Eruditione clarorum , 
 1688, p. 1398 ; plate 64. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Rrrr i 
 recto, Ann. Dec. 4, 1680. 
 
 Crenius, Animadversion.es Philologicce, 1695- 
 1720, Pt. xvi., p. 321. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgica, 1699, p. 
 
 434- 
 
 Fabricius, Historia Bibliotheca Fabriciance, 
 1724, vi. pp. 284-5. 409. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 18. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires (1728), vi. p. 131 ; (1731), x. 
 p. 191. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Afedicorum, 
 
 1731, I. i. p. 242. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 257-259, 455-462,485-489, 539. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallic^, 
 
 1732, p. 22. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 172, 200, 879, 
 976, 1070 ; ii. pp. 153, 343, 383, 384, 602. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 86. 
 
 Jdcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 820. 
 
 BARTHOLOM^US A CLIVOLO. 
 
 See VIOTTUS (BARTHOLOMJEUS). 
 
 had acquired. But here the greatest misfortune of 
 all for a scholar befel him, for during his absence 
 a fire broke out in his house which destroyed his 
 library and his writings. He bore this adversity 
 with heroic courage, even writing a book about it, 
 and the king out of consideration allowed him his 
 property free from taxes. In 1672 he was appointed 
 Director of the University Library, and in 1675 he 
 was made a judge of the highest Danish tribunal. 
 He died after a painful illness on Dec. 4, 1680, 
 during his fourth Rectorate. 
 
 His works are almost entirely devoted to ana- 
 tomy and medicine. His Anatomia was translated 
 into Italian, German, French, English and Dutch, 
 and, by command of the Great Mogul, into 
 ' Indian.' 
 
 Apart from his medicine he was a scholar, a 
 poet in Latin and Danish, an orator, antiquary 
 and polyhistor of the most persevering and labori- 
 ous character. But he was not a chemist and 
 hardly a pharmacist. 
 
 His name occurs in all the histories of medicine. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midicine, 
 1755, i. p. 136; 1778, i. p. 270. 
 
 Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 
 1759, ii. p. 147. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de r An atomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, ii. pp. 571-608, & passim. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 506, 
 
 507- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 400- 
 408. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 337- 
 
 340- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practice, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 653-666. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 535. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1812, iv. p. 72. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), i- PP- 592-603. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 pp. 161-171 & passim. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la 
 Mtdecine, 1828, I. i. p. 288. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 250 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 241. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 133 & 
 passim. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mfdicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 436. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 1855. P- 5*4- 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 
 277, 35- 
 
 Bickra, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1890, i. pp. 
 
 S64-573- 
 
BARUCHBASILIUS VALENTINUS 77 
 
 BARUCH (SAMUEL). 
 Donum Dei. 
 
 See ABRAHAM ELEAZAR, Uraltes Chymisches Werk, 1760, Part ii. 
 
 Die Gabe Gottes. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 61. 
 
 BASILIUS VALENTINUS. 
 
 Fr. Basilii Valentini, Ordin. Benedict. Chymische Schriften, aus einigen 
 alten MSten aufs fleifsigste verbessert, mit vielen Tractaten, auch etlichen 
 Figuren vermehret, und nebst einem vollstandigen Register in Drey Theile 
 verfasset; samt einer neuen Vorrede, von Beurtheilung der Alchymistischen 
 Schriften und dem Leben des Basilii, begleitet von Bened. Nic. Petraeo, 
 Med. D. Sechste Edition. Leipzig, Verlegts Joh. Paul Kraufs, Buch- 
 handler in Wien, 1769. 
 
 8. Pp. [160, frontispiece included] 1-464. 1 8 plates. Title red and black. MS. 
 notes. The frontispiece consists of Basilius' portrait, and underneath is a view of a 
 mine. 
 
 II. pp. 465-992. 2 plates. 
 
 III. pp. 993-1133 l>55]- 
 
 The third volume contains : Handgriffe Basilii Valentini, p. 1057. 
 
 Heinrich Eschenreuters Fiinf Kleine Tractatlein, Basilii Schriften, p. 1097. 
 p. 995. Jodoci von Rehe Particular und Universal-Pro- 
 
 Clavis Oder Schlussel der in vorherhgehenden cefs, p. 1116. 
 fiinff Tractatlein enthalten Characteren, p. 1049. 
 
 Fr. Basilii Valentini, Benedictiner-Ordens, Chymischer Schrifften Anderer 
 Theil. Oder Die fiinff letzte Biicher Basilii, betituliret : Sein letztes 
 Testament, und Aufflegung aller seiner vorigen Schrifften, und mit seiner 
 eigenen Hand auf Pergament aufgezeichnet. Sind zu Erffurt in seinem 
 Closter in einem hohen Altar vermauret gefunden worden. Zu Trost und 
 Guten alien Liebhabern der himmlischen Weifsheit und Filiis Doctrinse 
 Hermetico-Spagiricse mit sondern Fleifs abgeschrieben, doch als ein edler 
 Treuer Schatz in Geheim zu halten. 
 
 S. 1. a. & typ. n. 
 8. Pp. 465-778. Interleaved, and with MS. notes. 
 
 Perfect so far as it goes, but it is only a portion Testament, with a fly title and no publisher, place, 
 of an edition of the complete works. or date. 
 
 It contains three of the five books of the Letztes 
 
 X 
 
 Les Douze Clefs de Philosophic de Frere Basile Valentin, Religieux de 1'Ordre 
 Sainct Benoist. Traictant de la vraye Medecine Metalique. Plus 1'Azoth, ou 
 le moyen de faire 1'Or cache des Philosophes. Traduction Francoise. A 
 Paris, Chez Pierre Moet, Libraire lure, proche le Pont S. Michel, a 1'Image 
 S. Alexis. M.DC.LIX. 
 
 8. Pp. 1-14, 15-16 wanting 17-176, misnumbered 167. One woodcut, a wants 
 leaf viij, pp. 15-16. The tract Azoth has a separate title as follows : 
 
 Azoth, Ou le moyen de faire 1'Or cache" des Philosophes. De Frere Basile Valentin. 
 Reueu, corrige' & augment^ par M r - L'agneau Medecin. A Paris, Chez Pierre Moet, 
 Libraire Iure\ proche le Pont S. Michel a 1' Image S. Alexis. M.DC.LIX. 
 
 8. Pp. 196. Vignette and 14 woodcuts. 
 
 To this is Appended the Traicti de I'Oeufdes Philosophes with separate title and 
 pagination. See BERNARDUS, and see AZOTH. The vignette represents Senior and 
 Adolphus with the tree of the metals between them. 
 
78 BASILIUS VALENTINUS 
 
 BASILIUS VALENTINUS. Continued. 
 
 Triumph Wagen Antimonii, Fratris Basilii Valentini, Benedicter Ordens, alien, 
 so den Grund suchen der vhralten Medicin, auch zu der Hermetischen 
 Philosophy beliebnis tragen, zu gut publicirt, vnd an Tag geben, durch 
 Johann Tholden, Hessum. Mit einer Vorrede, D. Joachimi Tanckii, 
 Anatomes & Cheirurgiae Professoris in der Vniversitet Leipzig. Leipzig, in 
 Vorlegung Bartholomaei Voigts. Gedruckt bey Friederich Lanckisch. Im 
 Jahr 1624. 
 
 8. Pp. [32] 598. Register [22, i, printer's mark of thefleur delys, and colophon: 
 Leipzig. Gedruckt bey Friederich Lanckisch. Im Jahr M. DC. XXIV ; 3 blank]. Title 
 red and black. 
 
 This volume contains the following : 4. Vpm Stein der Weisen, Theoricaund Practica 
 
 Epistle dedicatory of Tholde. Georgii Phaedronis Rodocheri, p. 393. 
 
 Preface of Tancke. Commendatory Verses. 5. Der vhralte Ritterkrieg, p. 442. 
 
 1. Triumphwagen, p. 3. 6. Opus Saturni Isaaci Hollandi, p. 465. 
 
 2. Von der Tinctur oder Oleo Stibii, Rogeri 7. Philosophische Betrachtung von der materia 
 Baconis Angli, p. 264. Lapidis, und seiner Bereitung, p. 512. 
 
 3. Von den Particular und Universal Tincturen, 8. Von der occulta Chemicorum Philosophia, 
 p. 294. ein kurtzer Tractat, p. 561 (in verse). 
 
 Theodori Kerckringii Doctoris Medici Commentarius in Currum Triumphalem 
 Antimonii Basilii Valentini a se latinitate donatum. Amstelaedami, Apud 
 Henricum Wetstenium. clo IDC Lxxxv. 
 
 12. Pp. [20] 342. [17, i blank]. The engraved title is by Romyn de Hooghe, 
 1674. Five engravings in the text. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 An edition of the Currus Triumphalis in Latin was published : Tolosas, Apud 
 Petrum Bosc, M.DC.XLVI, translated by P. J. Fabre. 
 
 Theodori Kerckringii Doctoris Medici Anmerckungen iiber Basilii Valentini 
 Triumph- Wagen des Antimonii. Nebst einem Vorbericht, worinnen ein und 
 anders, was in Basilii und andern dergleichen spagyrischen Schrifften, zu 
 beobachten, dienlich seyn mochte, angezeiget, zu End aber Kerckrings 
 lateinische Vorrede verteutscht, beygefiiget wird. Niirnberg, bey Adam 
 Jonathan Felfsecker, 1724. 
 
 8. Pp. [38, including the engraved title by F. G. Beck after Romyn de Hooghe] 
 350. Five separate engravings. 
 
 Von den Natiirlichen, vnd vbernatiirlichen Dingen. Auch von der ersten 
 Tinctur, Wurtzel vnd Geiste der Metallen vnd Mineralien, wie dieselbe 
 entpfangen, aufsgekochet, geborn, verendert vnd vermehret werden. Trewlich 
 eroffnet durch Fratrem Basilium Valentinum, Benedicter-Ordens. Vnd 
 nunmehr aus seiner eigenen Handschrifft in Druck publiciret. Durch 
 Johann Tholden Hessum. Leipzig, In vorlegung Bartholomsei Voigts. 
 Anno M.DC.XXIV. 
 
 8. Pp. [9] 1-23, 23-119. [3, contains verses, the device, a large fleur de lys in 
 a border, and the colophon : Leipzig. Gedruckt bey Friederich Lanckish, 1624.] 
 Title red and black. 
 
 Basilii Valentini Philosophi & Chymici Experientissimi Tractatus Chymico- 
 Philosophicus de Rebus Naturalibus & Supernaturalibus. Metallorum & 
 Mineralium. Francofurti ad Moenum Sumptibus Jacobi Gothofredi Seyler. 
 M.DC.LXXVI. 
 
 8. Pp. 64. Symbolic vignette. See the following. 
 
BASILIUS VALENTINUS 79 
 
 BASILIUS VALENTINUS. Continued. 
 
 Basilii Valentini Philosophi & Chymici Experientissimi Tractatus Chymico- 
 Philosophicus de Rebus Naturalibus et Supernaturalibus. Metallorum & 
 Mineralium. Francofurti ad Moenum Sumptibus Jacob! Gothofredi 
 
 Seyler. M.DC.LXXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. 64. 
 
 On the title is a vignette representing the sun et faetentib s . The outer circular space is blank, 
 
 with the alchemical sign of copper on the nose, and it is cut at equal distances on its margin by 3 
 
 emerging from a deep circular vessel. Round the small circles containing respectively the words 
 
 rim are the words : Fons Benedictus Aquas Vivae. Homo Animate, Aurum Minerale, Vinum Vegeta- 
 
 In front of the vessel is a series of concentric bile. From the centre space proceed three radial 
 
 circular spaces, the centre one containing the spaces to the inner margin of the outer circular 
 
 signs of the 4 elements and in the space round space, and situated between the smaller circles 
 
 it the words Natura, Ars, Semen; the next con- above mentioned. The upper radial space contains 
 
 taining the words: Solutio corporis, et coagulatio the word Spiritus and the symbol for Mercury, 
 
 Spirit 9 solo aTae fit medio ; and the next: Miracu- that to the left hand the word Anima and the 
 
 lum naturae in subtili perficitur Medium qui symbol for Tartarus, that to the right the word 
 
 inuenit totum perficiet Auerte aium a. combustibilib 9 Corpus, and the symbol for Sulphur. 
 
 De Occulta Philosophia. Oder von der heimlichen Wundergeburt der sieben 
 Planeten vnd Metallen, Fratris Basilij Valentini, Benedicter Ordens, neben 
 einer Taffel der gantzen Philosophischen Weifsheit. Jetzo zum andern mal 
 in Druck verfertiget, Durch Johan. Tholden Hessum. Im verlag Jacob 
 Apels, im Jahr 1611. 
 
 8. Pp. 64. 
 The Taffel is wanting. 
 
 Fr. Basilii Valentini Ordin. Benedict. Via Veritatis oder : Der einige Weg 
 zur Wahrheit, wie er solchen ehemals beschrieben hinterlassen ; Nun 
 aber um dessen Fiirtrefflichkeit willen denen Liebhabern der Wahren 
 Weifsheit zu Dienste den Sendivogianischen Schrifften mit beygefiiget durch 
 Friederich Roth-Scholtzen Siles. Niirnberg, bey Job. Dan. Taubers seel. 
 
 Erben. 1718. 
 
 8. Pp. 223-250. MS. notes. 
 
 Extracted from Roth-Scholtz's edition of Sendivogius' works. 
 
 Aphorismi Basiliani. 
 
 See HAPELIUS (N. N.), Cheiragogia Heliana, 1612, p. 213. 
 
 Aureliae occultae philosophorum partes duo, Georgio Beato interprete. 
 See AURELLE occultae. . . . 
 
 L'Azoth, ou le moyen de faire Tor cach des philosophes. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1741, iii. 
 p. 84. 
 
 Brevis appendix & perspicua repetitio aut iteratio in librum suum de magno 
 lapide Antiquissimorum. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 422. 
 
 Claves duodecim. 
 
 See below Summarischer Bericht. 
 
 Les Douze Clefs de Philosophic. 
 
 See RICHKBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1741, iii, 
 p. i. 
 
8o BASILIUS VALENTINUS 
 
 BASILIUS VALENTINUS. Continued. 
 Liber duodecim Clavium. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 413. 
 
 Zwolff Schiissel, dadurch die Thiiren zu dem Vraltesten Stein vnser Vorfahren 
 eroffnet, vnd der vnerforschliche Brunnen aller Gesundheit gefunden wird. 
 See below Summarischer Bericht. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 641. 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 641. 
 
 Von dem grossen Stein der Uralten. 
 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 610. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemias, Ander Buch, 1614. p. 610. 
 
 * 
 
 Liber de Magno Lapide Antiquoruni Sapientum. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 409. 
 Von natiirlichen und iibernaturlichen Dingen. 
 
 See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, p. 43. 
 Practica, una cum xn clavibus et Appendice. 
 
 See MAIER (M.), Tripus aureus, 1618. 
 
 See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 376. 
 
 De prima Materia Lapidis Philosophici. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 421. 
 
 Rythmi. 
 
 See SCHULER (CONRAD), Griindtliche Aufslegung und warhaffte Erklarung der 
 
 Rhythmorum, 1606. 
 
 See MEISNER (LORENTZ), Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum, 1608. 
 Meisner's is a reprint of Schiller's work. 
 
 Summarischer Bericht von dem Lapide Philosophorum. 
 See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. 359. 
 
 This includes the tracts: Vom grossen Stein der duodecim and De prima Materia Lapidis Philoso- 
 Uralten Weisen, Die zwolff Schlussel or C laves phici. 
 
 Ein kurz Summarischer Tractat. 
 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 610. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 610. 
 
 Includes the tracts : Von dem grossen Stein der Uralten Stein unser Vorfahren eroffnet, und der 
 Uralten, p. 610. unerforschliche Brunnen aller Gesundheit gefunden 
 
 Die zwolff Schlussel, dadurch die Thiiren zu dem wird, p. 641. 
 
 Symbolum. 
 
 See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH), Teutschlands Wohlfahrt, Ftinffter Theil 
 
 Amsterdam, 1660, p. 20 ; or, /</., Prag, 1704, p. 649 (in Part v.X 
 See OCCULTA PHILOSOPHIA, 1613, p. 52. 
 
 Testamentum Chymicum. 
 See T/EDA Trifida. 
 
 Ascribed by Kopp to Basilius Valentinus. 
 
 Triumph-Wagen des Antimonii, nebst Theodori Kerckringii . . . gelehrten 
 Anmerckungen. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. 
 P- 653. 
 
BASILIUS VALENTINUS 81 
 
 BASILIUS VALENTINUS. Continued. 
 Via Veritatis oder: der einige Weg zur Warheit. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Chymische Schrifften, 1718, p. 223 (bis). 
 
 Von der Wurtzel des Steins der Weisen (in verse). 
 See v. (j. R.), M.D. Guldene Rose, No. vi. 
 
 Giildenes Kleinod, iibersetzt von Basilio Valentino. 
 See TRITHEMIUS (JOANNES), 1782. 
 
 Niitzliche Anweisung und Explication iiber Basilii Valentini Chymische 
 Schrifften. 
 See CLINGIUS (FRANCISCUS). 
 
 Basilius Valentinus Redivivus. 
 
 See KNOR (LOUIS GILHOMME DE), 1716. 
 
 Redivivus Fr. Basilius Valentinus. 
 
 See WEITBRETT (jOHANN JOACHIM), 1723. 
 
 Aufslegung Rythmorum Basilij . . . gefertiget durch Conrad Schulern. 
 See MEISNER (LORENTZ), Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum, 1608. 
 
 Erlauterungen einiger Verse welche in des Basilius Valentinus Schriften 
 vorkommen. 
 
 See TEICHMEIER (HERMANN FRIEDRICH), 1788. 
 
 See MEISNER (LORENTZ), Gemma Gemmarum Alchimistarum, oder Erleuterung 
 der Parabolischen und Philosophischen Schrifften Fratris Basilij, 1608. 
 
 Philosophischer Haupt-Schliissel iiber . . . seine xn Chymische Schliissel. 
 See PHILOSOPHISCHES Licht und Schatten . . ., 1738. 
 
 Das Valete: uber den Tractat der Arcanorum Basilij Valentini. 
 
 See RHEINHART (HANS CHRISTOFF), 1608. 
 
 Nachricht und Recommendation in einem Programmate anno 1704 vom 
 Basilio Valentino. 
 See WEDEL (GEORG WOLFFGANG). 
 
 Whether Basilius Valentinus was a real person As to his being a monk at Erfurt the words 
 
 or not, whether he was a Benedictine monk at of Gudenus are quite precise : ' Eadem setate 
 
 Erfurt or at Walkenried or not, whether he was a [M cccc xin.] Basilius Valentinus in Divi Petri 
 
 Benedictine monk at all or not, whether he was a Monasterio vixit, arte medici & naturalium 
 
 native of Alsace or not, whether he flourished indagine mirabilis. Insuper ijs accensetur, quos in 
 
 in 1413 or 1493, or in both, or neither, whether augmentum spei nominant aurum confecisse, sic 
 
 his works had been hidden and were afterwards alien& dementia post sagcula fallit, ide6 minus 
 
 discovered by a flash of lightning or not, whether culpabilis, quod non nisi decipi amantes faculta- 
 
 they were by him or by his editor Tholde or tibus exuantur ' ; and in the index the reference 
 
 Thb'lden, whether they are all genuine or some runs : ' Basilius Valentinus ordinis S. Benedicti in 
 
 are by other writers , whether Paracelsus copied Monte S. Petri clarus. ' 
 
 him or he Paracelsus, whether the works are not If, however, he were at Walkenried, he could 
 really by Paracelsus, whether the name Basilius have been venerated now as one of the ' ' ancient 
 Valentinus is not made up and may even denote wise men," had he only left some of the "great 
 the Alchemical mystery itself are questions which stone " to keep the stones of his monastery in good 
 have been debated and some of which have been repair, for they are tumbling to the ground to-day, 
 provisionally answered, but all of which are still The English editions are the following ; the 
 open to discussion, if only fresh data would come to earlier ones have become rare : 
 light. Even a partial answer to any one of Last will and testament ; 12 keys ; The Stone of 
 them could not be despised ; because since the the Ancient wise men ; A short way and repeti- 
 writings contain apparently first notices of a good tion of former writings ; Conclusions and experi- 
 many chemical reactions and products, it would be ments ; Supernatural medicine; Treatise concern- 
 satisfactory to have the date of these settled once ing the Microcosme, [with separate title-pages]. 
 for all and assigned to the proper authority. London, 1658, 1656. Small 8. 
 
82 
 
 BASILIUS VALENTINUSBATT 
 
 BASILIUS VALENTINUS. Continued. 
 
 Last will and testament . . . with woodcuts. 
 Lond., 1670, 8. 
 
 The same. Lond., 1671-70, 8. 
 
 Of natural and supernatural things ; translated 
 by Daniel Cable. Lond., 1671, 18. 
 
 The Triumphant chariot of Antimony, with notes 
 by Kerckringius [translated by Richard Russell]. 
 London, 1678, 8. 
 
 The Triumphant chariot of Antimony by J. H. 
 London, 1661, 8. 
 
 The following may be consulted for the many 
 difficulties, obscurities, and contradictions, con- 
 nected with this author : 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 257. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 223. 
 
 D. J. Morhof, Epistola ad Langelottum, Hamb. 
 1673, p. 133. 
 
 Gudenus, Historia Erfurtensis, 1675, Lib. 2, 
 Cap. 21, p. 129. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, Norimb. 1686, 
 p. 120. (Merely a list of his books.) 
 
 Leibniz, Epistola data Hannov. 27 Jun. , 1690. 
 
 Reyher, Dissertatio de Nummis, Kiliae, 1692, 
 p. 136. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum chemicorum 
 Hauniae, 1697, p. 30, No. xxxxiv. 
 
 Tollius, Epistolce Itineraries, ed. Henninius, 
 1700, pp. 178, 187, 212 & passim. 
 
 Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, 
 p. 60. 
 
 G. W. Wedel, Programma-Propempticon in- 
 augurate de Basilio Valentino, Jena, 1704. 
 
 Placcius, Theatrum, ed. J. A. Fabricius, Hamb. 
 1708. Section : De Scriptoribus Pseudonymis, p. 
 in. 
 
 Kunckel, Laboratorium Chymicum, 1716, p. 454 
 & passim (Criticism of many of Basilius' state- 
 ments). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 
 1727, i. p. 665. (Lists of Basil Valentin's works. 
 Wedel's notice of him. ) 
 
 Motschmann, Erfordia Hlerata (1729-33), Hie 
 Sammlung, pp. 390-399. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 
 296, 309. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, II. ii. p. 423. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 590. (Questions his existence.) 
 
 Jacob I^eupold's Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, 
 
 1732, p. 145. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 84, 85. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinishes Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 875. (Doubtful as to his existence.) 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 228, iii. pp. 316-319 & passim. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, iv. 
 col. 1406. 
 
 BATSDORFF (HEINRICH VON). 
 
 See REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 BATT (ANTONIUS). 
 
 Thesaurus Absconditus, in Agro Dominico inventus : Duas complectens 
 Partes. Quarum vna est deuotarum Precationum, & gratiarum Actionum. 
 Altera piarum Meditationum, & Exhortationum : sacrse Scripturse verbis 
 totaliter contextarum. Eruebat eum R. P. Antonius Batt, Benedictinus 
 Anglus, Congregat. Anglicanae Monachus. 
 
 The Triumphant Chariot of Antimony with the 
 Commentary of Theodore Kerckringius. Being 
 the Latin version published at Amsterdam in the 
 year 1685, translated into English, with a Bio- 
 graphical Preface (by Arthur Edward Waite). 
 London, 1893, 8, pp. [i.-viii.], ix.-xxxiii. [i blank] 
 204 [4]. 
 
 " Practica with twelve keys and an Appendix," 
 in "The Hermetic Museum," translated by A. E. 
 Waite. London, 1893, 4. i. p. 311. 
 
 Boerhaave, A New Method of Chemistry, by 
 Peter Shaw, 1753, i. p. 35. * 
 
 Fictuld, Probier Stein, 1753, Erster Theil, p. 49, 
 (praised in Fictuld's manner. List of his ' genuine 1 
 works. The spurious are given in part ii. p. 35). 
 
 Wiegleb, Historisch-Kritische Untersuchung der 
 Alchemic, Weimar, 1777, p. 230. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 278. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 4. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 126 (doubts his existence), 505, 585, 587, 590, 
 592, 608-9, 629, 667. 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Alchemic, Duisburg, 
 1789, p. in. (Believes in him.) 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 136, 
 157 & passim. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopadie der 
 Wissenschaften, 1819, ii. p. 416 (article by 
 Sprengel) ; 1822, viii. p. 40 (by Erhard). 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, 
 iii. p. 425. 
 
 Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 15. (Excellent article and list by Jourdan.) 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Mddecine, Paris, 1828, I. i. p. 301. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 197. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 453 ; 
 1866, i. p. 478. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 74 & 
 passim. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 Jena, 1855, p. 411. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 841-859. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, 
 iii. pp. 110-129. 
 
 Hildebrand, "Der Alchemist Basilius Valen- 
 tinus." In Einladungsschrift des Herzogl. Fran- 
 cisceums in Zerbst." Zerbst, 1876. (Kopp says 
 correctly that the answering of the question is not 
 advanced by this dissertation.) 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 29 & passim. 
 
 Losswitz, Geschichte der Atomistik, 1890, i. p. 
 
 295- 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, p. 71 
 (doubts his existence), & passim. 
 
BA TTBA UME 83 
 
 BATT (ANTONIUS). Continued. 
 
 Laetabor ego super eloquia tua, sicut qui inuenit spolia multa. Psal. 118. 
 Parisiis, Apud Petrum Rocolet, Bibliopolam Regium, in Palatio. 
 M.DC.XLI. Cum Priuilegio Regis, & permissu Superiorum. 
 
 12. Pp. [12] 231. Index [7]. 
 A book of devotion and religious meditation, and not about Chemistry or Alchemy at all. 
 
 BAUER. 
 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 BAUHINUS (CASPAR). 
 
 Caspar! Bauhini Basil. D. eiusdemq. Academ. Anatom. et Botanic. Professor. 
 Ordin. De Lapidis Bezaar Orient, et Occident. Cervini item et Germanici 
 ortu, natura, differentijs, veroque usu ex veterum & recentiorum placitis 
 Liber hactenus non editus. Basileae Apud Conr. Waldkirch. Anno 
 
 MDCXIII. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 288. Index, etc. [10]. 3 separate plates. 
 
 Hendreich mentions an edition, Bas. , 1625, 8. Wiirtemberg. He died Dec. 5th, 1624. He 
 
 Bauhinus, son of Johannes Bauhinus, a famous wrote works on anatomy and especially on botany, 
 
 surgeon, was born at Basel in 1550 [others 1560], and was a translator and editor. He published an 
 
 studied at Padua and Montpellier, and was succes- edition of the Secreta of Varignana. His son, 
 
 sively Professor of Greek, of Anatomy and Botany, Johannes Caspar, was no less distinguished than 
 
 and finally of Medicine in his native place, town his father and grandfather. For a note on the 
 
 physician, and private physician to the Duke of bezoar stone see under WITTICH (JOHANN). 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1683, Sig. U3 Portal, Histoiredel 'A natomieet de la Chirurgie, 
 
 recto. Ann. 5 Dec. , 1624. 1770, ii. p. 102, etc. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 150. Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 384. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicee, 1699, p. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 
 
 457- 2 6a. 
 
 Joh. Jac. Scheuchzer, Nova Literaria Helvetica Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 pro Anno MDCCIV. , Tiguri, 1705, pp. 48-55. p. 232. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Herzog, Athence Raurictz, 1778, pp. 183, 234, 
 
 1731, I. i. p. 246. 362. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen Gmelin, Geschichte dtr Chemie, 1797, i. p. 334. 
 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 262, etc. Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 537. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires, 1732, xvii. , p. 229. Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary , 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisch.es Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 1812, iv. p. 180. 
 
 p. 92. Biographie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 25), ii. pp. 47-53. 
 
 1750, i. p. 121, (letter B). Sprengel, Geschichte der Arsneykunde, 1827, 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. p. 63. 
 
 col. 863. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, Midecine, 1828, i. p. 312. 
 
 1755, i. p. 142 ; 1778, i. p. 287. Bayle et Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, 
 
 MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, i. p. 308. 
 
 ii. p. 191. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 57. 
 
 BAUM. 
 
 See THEORIE (Die) und Praktik des Gold- und Silber-Baums, 1787. 
 
 See METALLISCHER BAUMGARTEN, 1741. 
 
 For the occurrence of the word 'Arbor,' ' Baum,' and 'Baumgarten' in the titles of alchemical books, 
 see Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 375, 378. 
 
 BAUMANN (ALBRECHT CHRISTOPH). 
 
 See CREILING (JOHANN CONRAD), 1739. 
 
 BAUME (ANTOINE). 
 
 Chymie ExpeVimentale et Raisonnee, Par M. Baume, Maitre Apothicaire 
 de Paris, Demonstrateur en Chymie, & de 1'Acade'mie Royale des Sciences. 
 
BA UMEBA UMER 
 
 BAUME (ANTOINE). Continued. 
 
 Tome Premier. A Paris. Chez P. Franc,:. Didot le jeune, Libraire 
 de la Faculte de Medecine, quai des Augustins. M.DCC.LXXIII. Avec 
 Approbation, et Privilege du Roi. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] clx., 482. Portrait and 8 plates of apparatus. 
 T. II. [4] 671 [i blank]. 2 plates. 
 T. III. [4] 968 (for 698). 2 plates. 
 
 There are two issues of this book by the same printers with the same date, and 
 with the same number of pages in each volume. In the best issue Cochin's portrait 
 of Baume' is signed by him and is turned to the right, and the vignettes are signed 
 by Moreau le Jeune. In the other both portrait and vignettes are reversed, are not 
 signed, and are inferior in execution. In the best issue the misprint 968 in T. III. 
 does not occur, and the same volume contains the privilege, a list of errata, and a 
 catalogue of books on Chemistry. 
 
 Baume', one of the most distinguished chemists 
 of France during the eighteenth century, was born 
 at Senlis, February 28, 1728, and after some school- 
 ing was apprenticed to an apothecary. At the end 
 of a couple of years he went to Paris and became a 
 pupil of Geoffrey, and in 1752 passed the examina- 
 tion of the College of Pharmacy with great distinc- 
 tion. Soon after he was appointed to the Chair of 
 Chemistry in the College. In 1773 his researches 
 ed to his election to the Academy of Sciences. In 
 1780, having acquired a moderate fortune in the 
 business which he had conducted, he retired from 
 it to devote himself to chemical research. When 
 the revolution broke out, however, he was deprived 
 of his means and was constrained to re-embark in 
 chemical manufactures. He was admitted to the 
 Institute in 1796, and to the Society of Medicine in 
 1798. He died Oct. 15, 1804. 
 
 Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten 
 Chemie, 1777, 2 vols. , passim. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 44, 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 359, 
 etc., etc., and 1799, iii., p. 63, etc., etc. 
 
 Cadet Gassi court, loge, Bruxelles, 1805. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 327, 329, etc., 
 etc. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 6. 
 
 QueYard, La France Litieraire, 1827, i. p. 224. 
 
 His researches cover almost the whole field of 
 chemistry, and they were not confined to the 
 science itself, but extended to chemical technology 
 and to the application of the science to manu- 
 factures. Baum^'s name is familiar in connection 
 with his araeometer. 
 
 Among his works may be mentioned a Disserta- 
 tion on Ether, Paris, 1757, 12. Cours de Chimie, 
 Paris,; 1767, 12 ; Manuel de Chimie, Paris, 1763, 
 1766, 12, translated into English, German, and 
 Italian. 
 
 l6mens de Pharmacie thtorique et pratique, 
 Paris, 1762, 1769, 1773, 1818, 8. 
 
 Opuscules de Chimie, Paris, 1798, 8. 
 
 He wrote also a great number of papers published 
 in the Journals and Proceedings of Societies. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Mldecine, 1828, i. p. 320. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1843, iii. p. 308, article 
 by Cadet Gassicourt. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843-47, ii. p. 115 
 & passim. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, 
 ii. p. 528. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtnfrale, 1859, iv. col. 819, 
 article by Hoefer. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wbrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 116. 
 
 BAUMER QOHANN WILHELM). 
 
 Bibliotheca Chemica, adornata a Joan. Wilhelmo Baumer, in Academia 
 Giessena Medicinse Professore Primario. Giessae Apud Joan. Justum 
 Fried. Krieger, Acad. Bibliopolam MDCCLXXXII. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 116. A brief but useful bibliography. 
 
 Baumer was born at Rehweiler, igth Sept., 
 1719, was Professor of Medicine in 1748 and of 
 Physics in 1754 at Erfurt ; then in 1765 Professor 
 of Medicine at Giessen. He died there, 4th Aug., 
 1788. He wrote numerous treatises on minerals 
 
 Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten 
 Chemie, 1777, i. p. 346 & passim. 
 
 F. W. Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen 
 Gelehrten und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1781, i. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797-1799, vols. 
 ii. and iii. , passim. 
 
 Meusel, Lexicon der von ij$obisi%ooverstorbenen 
 Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1802. 
 
 and precious stones, on underground hydrography, 
 on fountains, on geological subjects, and on 
 medicine, anatomy, surgery, literature, etc., and 
 was author of Elements of Chemistry, Giessen, 
 1783, 8. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 384, 549, 537. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 63. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Medecine, 1828, i. p. 322. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mldicale, 1855, ii. 
 P- 436. 
 
BA USCHBA YEN 
 
 BAUSCH (JOHANN LORENZ). 
 
 Joh. Laurentii Bauschi Med. D. & Physici Reip. Suinfurtensis Ordinarii 
 Schediasmata Bina Curiosa de Lapide Haematite et ^tite, ad mentem 
 Academiae Naturae Curiosorum congesta. Lipsiae, Impensis Viti Jacobi 
 Trescheri, Bibliopolae Uratislaviensis. Typis Johannis-Erici Hahnii. Anno 
 MDCLXV. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 164 ; [8] 79 [i blank]. Title red and black. 7 plates. 
 
 Bausch was born at Schweinfurt, Sept. 30, 1605, 
 his father, Leonhard Bausch, being a physician 
 there. After the usual schooling, he also took to 
 medicine, and after attending several German Uni- 
 versities, spent two years in Italy and graduated at 
 Altorf with the highest distinction, June 29, 1630. 
 He then practised in his native place, devoting his 
 leisure to Botany and Chemistry, to the enlarge- 
 ment of his library and museum, and to conducting 
 a learned correspondence. In 1651 he issued an 
 address containing a scheme for the founding of 
 a society or academy for the encouragement of 
 physical research, which led to the formation of the 
 "Academia Leopoldino-Carolina Naturae Curio- 
 sorum. " The persons immediately concerned with 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1401, portrait, plate 64. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Vuu4 
 verso. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgica , 1699, p. 
 460. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 249. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, p. 575 (foundation of the 'Academia'). 
 
 Kestner, MedicinischesGelehrten-Lex. 1740, p. 94. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 869. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, P- 4^3, No. i. 
 
 Bausch's scheme were JOHANN MICHAEL FEHR 
 (y.v.), Georg Balthasar Metzger, and Georg Bal- 
 thasar Wohlfarth. Bausch was elected the first presi- 
 dent on January ist, 1652, and was called Jason I. 
 
 In 1661 he was attacked by severe pain in his 
 right jaw, but it ceased and recurred only at 
 intervals till 1664 ; he then suffered so severely that 
 he was unable to speak or to swallow. He ultimately 
 was seized with paralysis of the left side, and died 
 I7th November, 1665. 
 
 Besides the above work he wrote also De Uni- 
 cornu fossili, Lips. 1666 ; and De ceeruleo et chry- 
 socolla, Jenas, 1668 ; Vratisl. 1668. Of the tract 
 De Lapide hamatite, Hendreich quotes an edition : 
 Vratisl. 1664. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 537. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicints practice, 1777, ii. 
 p. 588. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der CAemie, 1798, ii. pp. 205, 
 207, 212. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1801, i. p. 262. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 161, 165. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary , 
 1812, iv. p. 186. 
 
 Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 68. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 P. 407. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1875, '' P- *& 2 - 
 
 BAYEN (PIERRE). 
 
 Herrn Bayen konigl. franzosischen Staabs- und Ober-Feldapothekers 
 Chymische Untersuchungen iiber das Zinn, und Beantwortung der Frage : 
 Ob man sich ohne Gefahr zu okonomischen Gebrauche der zinnernen 
 Gefafse bedienen konne ? Auf Befehl der Franzosischen Regierung bekannt 
 gemacht. Aus dem Franzosischen iibersetzt; herausgegeben und mit 
 Anmerkungen begleitet von D. Johann Gottfried Leonhardi, offentlichem 
 ordentlichen Lehrer der Pathologic und Chirurgie zu Wittenberg und der 
 Chursachfsl. okonomischen Gesellschaft Mitgliede. Leipzig, bey Siegfried 
 Lebrecht Crusius. 1784. 
 
 [8. Pp. xii., 212. 
 
 Bayen (1725-1798) was a chemist of great in- 
 genuity, originality, and diligence. It is claimed 
 for him that he was the first to observe the increase 
 of weight due to calcination, though he did Jean 
 Rey full justice ; he made investigations on rocks 
 and minerals, and mineral waters, mercury, nitric 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 797. 
 
 Mf moires de I'Institut (Sciences Math^matiques 
 
 et Physiques), An. vii. (1799), ii. p. 144. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Commentation-urn : Chemia, 865. 
 
 acid, etc., etc. His Opuscules Chimiques, edited 
 by Parmentier and Malatret, were published at 
 Paris in 1798, 2 vols., 8. 
 
 The original of the above appeared at Paris in 
 1781. 
 
 He was a member of the French Institute. 
 
 Que'rard, La France Litttraire, 1828, i. p. 229. 
 Biographie Universelle, 1843, iii. p. 337. 
 Nouvelle Biographie GMrale, 1859, iv. col. 
 
 1803, pp. 2, 126. 
 
 PoggendorfF, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 405, 417, 430, worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 119. 
 435. 449- 
 
86 BA YRSBECHER 
 
 BAYRS (ALBERTUS). 
 
 Colloquium Spiritus Mercurii cum fratre Alberto Bayrs. 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. no. 
 
 BEATUS (GEORGIUS). 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 457. 
 
 See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Aureliae occultae . . . 
 
 BECHER QOHANN JOACHIM). 
 
 Johann Joachim Bechers, Med. Doct. und Rom. Kays. Maj. Cammer- und 
 Commercien-Raths, Chymischer Gliicks-Hafen, oder Grosse Chymische 
 Concordantz und Collection, von funffzehn hundert Chymischen Processen, 
 durch viele Miihe und Kosten aus den besten Manuscriptis und Laboratoriis 
 in diese Ordnung zusammen getragen, wie folgendes Verzeichnifs ausweiset, 
 Nebst einer neuen Vorrede, oder Bedenken von der Gold-Macherey, 
 Herrn Georg Ernst Stahls, Konigl. Preufs. Hof-Raths, und ersten 
 wiircklichen Leib-Medici, wie auch Prsesid. des Ober-Collegii Medici. 
 Neue und viel verbesserte Edition. Mit Konigl. Pohln. und Churfurstl. 
 Sachs. Privilegio. Halle, 1726. Verlegts Ernst Gottlieb Krug, privile- 
 girter Buchhandler. 
 
 4. Pp. [30] 8 10. Register [28] 2 blank. Title red and black. Portrait. 
 
 The first edition appeared at Franckfurt, 1682, Becher's Commentarius iiber des Monte Snyders 
 
 4. The preface is dated London, 24 March, Schrifften, p. 108. 
 
 1682. Spiefs, Concordantz iiber des Nuysements Sal 
 
 Part I. : Coeleste, p. 126. 
 
 Ein Tractat, ist gleichsam ein Commentarius Radtichs Brotofer Elucidarii Majoris Appendix, 
 
 iiber den Bernardum, p. i. p. 175. 
 
 Becher's Philosophisches Gutachten iiber die Part XX. , Appendix : 
 
 Philosophische Tinctur im trucknen Weg, p. 25. Becher's Chymischer Rosen-Garten, p. 790. 
 
 D. Joh. Joachim Bechers, Romis. Kayserl. Maj. Rath &c., Chymischer 
 Rosen-Garten, Samt einer Vorrede und kurtz gefassten Lebens-Beschreibung 
 Herrn D. Bechers, zum Druck befordert von Friedrich Roth-Scholtzen. 
 Nurnberg, bey Johann Daniel Taubers seel. Erben, Anno 1717. 
 
 8. Pp. 96. Title red and black with a vignette : a hand out of a cloud squeezing a 
 bunch of grapes over a goblet. 
 
 There was an edition in 1712, 8vo. 
 
 Natur-Kiindigung der Metallen. Mit vielen curiosen Beweifsthiimen, natiir- 
 lichen Griinden, Gleichnissen, Erfahrenheiten, und bifshero ungemeinen 
 Auffmerckungen vor Augen gestellet. Zu Erhaltung der Wahrheit, 
 Erlauterung der Spagirischen Philosophi, und Gefallen der Liebhabern. 
 Verfertiget durch Johannem Joachimum Bechern, von Speyer, Mathematicum, 
 Medicum. Lege totum & Relege. 
 
 Esdrse iv. c. 8. v. 2. 
 
 Edisseram autem tibi similitudinem Esdra. Enimvero, sicut sciscitanti 
 Terra dicat tibi, se gignere perquam copiosam quidem humum fingendis 
 fictilibus ; Parvum autem Pulverem unde Aurum Fit, ita se habet praesentis 
 sevi Negotium. [Something cut out.] Franckfurt am Mayn, In Verlegung 
 Martin Hermsdorffs. An. 1705. 
 
 8. Pp. [14] 347. Register [37]. Frontispiece. 
 
BECHER 87 
 
 BECHER QOHANN JOACHIM). Continued. 
 
 Institutiones Chimicae Prodromae, id est, Joannis Joachimi Becheri Spirensis 
 Mathem. & Med. Doct. Oedipus Chimicus Obscuriorum Terminorum & 
 Principiorum Chimicorum, Mysteria aperiens & resolvens. Opusculum, 
 omnibus Medicinae & Chimise Studiosis, lectu perquam utile & necessarium. 
 Amstelodami, Apud Elizeum Weyerstraten, Anno 1664. 
 
 12. Pp. [16] 202, [7, i blank]. Engraved title, and plate of the Prague Medal 
 included in the pagination. On the title-page a vignette of the Sphere. 
 
 The Prague Medal is reproduced by Tollius in his Epistolce Itineraries, 1700, p. 138. 
 
 Institutiones Chimicse Prodromae i.e. loannis loachimi Becheri Spirensis 
 Mathematici Et Medicinae Doctoris. Oedipus Chimicus Obscuriorum 
 Terminorum & Principiorum Chimicorum Mysteria Aperiens & resolvens. 
 Opusculum, omnibus Medicinae & Chimiae Studiosis, lectu perquam utile & 
 necessarium. Francofurti, Apud Hermannum a Sande. M.DC.LXIV. 
 
 12. Pp. [16, including two engravings] 192 [7, i blank]. Engravings of 
 Oedipus and the Sphynx and the Prague Medal. 
 
 A German translation was published at Franckfurt, 1680, 8. 
 
 Intsitutiones (sic) Chimicae Prodromae, i.e. Joannis Joachimi Becheri Spirensis 
 Mathematicae Et Medicinae Doctoris. Oedipus Chimicus Obscuriorum 
 Terminorum & Principorum (sic) Chimicorum, Mysteria aperiens & resolvens. 
 Opusculum, omnibus Medicinae & Chimiae Studiosis, lectu perquam utile 
 & necessarium. Francofurti, Apud Joh. Maximilian, a Sande. Anno 
 M.DCC.V. 
 
 12. Pp. [16] 192 [7, i blank]. Engraving of the Prague Medal and of 
 Oedipus and the Sphinx, included in the pagination. These are reproduced from 
 the 1664 edition of Sande. The first word is misprinted in this edition. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Joh. Joachimi Beccheri Spirensis Mathematicae et Medicinae Doctoris, Oedipus 
 Chymicus. Seu Institutiones Chymicas. Opusculum omnibus Medicinae & 
 Chymiae Studiosis lectu perquam utile & necessarium. Editio Novissima. 
 Cui Praefationem praemisit, Synopsin Titulorum, notas marginales, sensuum 
 & rerum distinctiones, nee non notas, & animadversiones indicemque adjecit, 
 & ab infinitis mendis liberatae. Supplementa Beccheriana, Elementa Chymiae 
 Methodo Mathematica conscripta exhibentia subjunxit Joh. Jacobus Rosen- 
 stengelius Medicinae Doctor. Francofurti ad Mcenum, Apud Joh. 
 
 Maximilianum van Sande, Anno MDCCXVI. 
 
 8 C . Pp. [22] 228. Index [n] [i blank]. Engraved title with picture of Oedipus 
 and the Sphinx, and plate of the Prague Medal. This last is not included in the 
 pagination. Supplementa Beccheriana : [6] 156. Index [6]. This tract has a 
 separate title-page, signatures, and pagination. See ROSENSTENGEL (j. j.). 
 
 Joh. Joach. Becheri, D. Spirensis Germani Sacrae Caesar. Majest Consil. & 
 Med. Elect. Bav. Opuscula Chymica Rariora, Addita nova Praefatione ac 
 Indice locupletissimo multisque Figuris aeneis illustrata a Friderico Roth- 
 Scholtzio. Siles. Norimbergas & Altorfii, Apud Haeredes Joh. Dan. 
 Tauberi. Anno MDCCXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [12], 50, 310. Title red and black. 
 
88 BECHER 
 
 i 
 
 BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM). Continued. 
 
 This volume contains : VII. Beschreibung des . . . Universal-Ofcns, 
 
 Biographical introduction by Roth-Scholtz. with 2 plates, p. 202. 
 
 Becher's 'fripus Hermeticus Fatidicus . , , with VIII. Bericht von Tiegeln, p. 206. 
 frontispiece, vignette, and plate of the Prague IX. Chymischer Rosen-Garten, p. 207. 
 Medal, including: X. Bericht -von dem Sande, p. 257. 
 
 I. Laboratorium Portatile, with n plates, p. 31. XI. Pantaleon delaruatus, p. 295. 
 
 II. Centrum Mundi Concatenatum, Sen Duum- Of the preceding tracts the Tripus retains the 
 viratus Hermeticus, Sive Magnorum Duorum Pro- title given above, and Nos. ii. , iii., vi., ix., x., and 
 ductorum Nitri & Salts Textura dr 5 Anatomic., xi. have long title-pages, which however are in- 
 with 2 plates, -p. 63. eluded in the pagination. Of the Tripus there 
 
 III. Alphabetum Minerale, p. 97. was an earlier edition, Franckfurt, 1689, 8. 
 
 IV. Concordantia Mercuri-orum Luna, p. 150. No. ix., "Chymischer Rosen-Garten" is contained 
 
 V. Concordantia Menstruorum, p. 183. in the Grosse Chymiscke Concordantz, 1726 (q.v.) ; 
 
 VI. Bericht von Erfind- und Zubereilung eines No. x., "Bericht von dem Sande," was included 
 compendieusen Ofens, p. 195. in the Trifolium BecJierianum Hollandicum in 
 
 1679 (4-v.). 
 
 Actorum Laboratorii Chymici Monacensis, seu Physicae Subterraneae Libri 
 Duo, Quorum Prior profundam subterraneorum genesin, nee non admirandam 
 Globi terr-aque-aerei super & subterranei fabricam, Posterior specialem subter- 
 raneorum Naturam, resolutionem in partes partiumq'; proprietates exponit, 
 accesserunt sub finem Mille hypotheses seu mixtiones Chymicae, ante hac 
 nunquam visse, omnia, plus quam mille experimentis stabilita, sumptibus 
 & permissu Serenissimi Electoris Bavariae &c. Domini sui clementissimi 
 elaboravit & publicavit Joannes Joachimus Becherus, Spirensis, Med. D. 
 Sacrae Caesar. Majestatis Consiliarius, nee non Serenissimi Bavariae Electoris 
 Aulae Medicus. Francofurti, Imp. Joh. Davidis Zunneri. Anno 
 
 M.DC.LXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [38] 633 [7, 2 blank]. Folding frontispiece not included. 
 This is the first edition. A German translation was published at Franckfurt, 1680, 
 8, and 1690, 8. 
 
 Actorum Laboratorii Chymici Monacensis, seu Physicse Subterraneae Libri 
 Duo, Quorum Prior Profundam subterraneorum genesin, nee non admir- 
 andam Globi terr-aque-aerei super & subterranei fabricam; Posterior 
 specialem subterraneorum Naturam, resolutionem in partes partiumque 
 proprietates exponit. Accesserunt sub finem mille hypotheses seu mixtiones 
 Chymicae, antehac nunquam visae : omnia, plus quam mille experimentis 
 stabilita, sumptibus & permissu Serenissimi Electoris Bavariae &c. Domini 
 sui clementissimi elaboravit & publicavit Joh. Joachimus Becherus, Spirensis, 
 Med. D. Sacrae Caes. Majestatis Consiliarius, nee non Serenissimi Bavariae 
 Electoris Aulae Medicus. Francofurti, Imp. Mauritii Georgii Weidmanni. 
 Anno MDCLXXXI. 
 
 8. Pp. [24, including the frontispiece] 810. Index [10]. Title red and black. 
 Between 560-561 is inserted the title-page of the first Supplement ; between 678-679 the 
 title-page of the second Supplement. At the end is the third Supplement, with separate 
 title and pagination, pp. 136, Index [n]. Then : Theoria et experientia de nova temporis 
 dimetiendi Ratione & accurata Horologiorum Constructione, ad societatem Regiam 
 Anglicanam in Collegio Greshamensi Londini Jan. 1680. Pp. [29]. Catalogus 
 Librorum Joh. Joach. Becheri. [7] i blank. 
 
 Joh. Joachimi Beccheri, D. Spirensis Germani Sacr. Caes. Majest. Consil. & 
 Med. Elect. Bav. Physica Subterranea Profundam Subterraneorum Genesin, 
 e principiis hucusque ignotis, ostendens. Opus sine pari, Primum hactenus 
 & Princeps, Editio Novissima. Praefatione utili praemissa, Indice locuple- 
 tissimo adornato, sensuumque & rerum distinctionibus, Libro tersius & 
 
BECHER 89 
 
 BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM). Continued. 
 
 curatius edendo operam navavit & Specimen Beccherianum, Fundamentorum, 
 Documentorum, Experimentorum subjunxit Georg. Ernestus Stahl, D. Prof. 
 Publ. Ordin. Hall. Lipsiae, Apud Job. Ludov. Gleditschium, Anno 
 MDCCIII. 
 
 8. Frontispiece and title, 2 leaves ; Introduction, preface, and contents, pp. [28]; 
 Text, pp. 560; Title to the first Supplement, i leaf; Text, 561-688 [PP- 655-6 
 omitted in numbering) ; Title to second Supplement, [689-690] ; Text, 691-822 [823- 
 832 omitted] ; Title to third Supplement, etc. [833-834] ; Text, 835-1008 ; Index, 
 pp. [36]. 
 
 The Specimen Beccherianum has a separate title-page and pagination : 
 Specimen Beccherianum sistens Fundamenta, Documenta, Experimenta, quibus 
 Principia Mixtionis Subterranese, & Instrumenta Naturalia atque Artificialia demon- 
 strantur. Ex Autoris Scriptis, colligendo, corrigendo, connectendo, supplendo, 
 concinnatum, exhibet Georg. Ernestus Stahl, D. Prof. Publ. Hall. & Acad. Nat. Cur. 
 Colleg. Lipsiae, apud Joh. Ludov. Gleditschium, Anno MDCCIII. 
 
 Pp. [8] 304, Index, pp. [16]. The general title is in red and black. 
 Another edition was published at Leipzig in 1738, 4. 
 
 Trifolium Becherianum Hollandicum oder Der Romisch-Kayserlichen Mayestat 
 Kamer- und Commercien-Raths Dr. Joh. Joachim Bechers Drey Neue 
 Erfindungen, Bestehende in einer Seiden-Wasser-Miihle und Schmeltz-Wercke, 
 In Holland vorgeschlagen und werckstellig gemacht : Mit griindlicher 
 Anweisung, wie es mit denselbigen Sachen beschaffen ist Aufs der 
 Niederlandischen in die Hochteutsche Sprache iibersetzet. Amsterdam, 
 Bey Johann Thiem. 1679. 
 
 8. Pp. [2] 62. 
 Part II., " Bericht von dem Sand," was reprinted in the Opuscula Chymica Rariora, 1719 (q.v.). 
 
 Joh. Joa. Becheri Spirensis Medicinae Doctoris, Tripus Hermeticus Fatidicus, 
 Pandens Oracula Chymica, seu : I. Laboratorium Portatile cum Methodo 
 vere spagyrice, sc. juxta exigentiam Naturae, laborandi. Accessit pro Praxi 
 & Exemplo. II. Magnorum Duorum Productorum Nitri & Salis Textura 
 & Anatomia, atque in omnium prsecedentium confirmationem adjunctum est 
 III. Alphabetum Minerale, seu viginti quatuor Theses de subterraneorum 
 & mineralium Genesi, Textura & Analysi. His accessit Concordantia 
 Mercurii Lunae. Omnia juxta Authoris Doctrinam & Principia in Physica 
 sua subterranea ejusque supplementis conscripta, adeo ut hie Tripus 
 Hermeticus Commentarius Practicus super praefatam Physicam subterraneam 
 vere dici queat, utpote scriptum raris Experimentis, multis Figuris & profundis 
 Speculationibus innixum, ut Lectori per se patebit. Exaratum in Cornubia 
 ad extrema Angliae ora inter ipsa mineralia experimenta & autopsiam, cura 
 Friderici Roth-Scholzii, Siles. Norimbergae & Altorfii, Apud Haeredes 
 Johann. Danielis Tauberi. MDCCXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. 310. Frontispiece, Prague Medal, Plate in 64 compartments of Apparatus. 
 Furnace 9 plates. Symbols i plate. 2 Symbolic plates. Furnace 2 plates. 
 
 This is identical with the Opuscula Chymica Rariora (see above), wanting Roth-Scholtz's Life of 
 liechcr, and other preliminary matter. 
 
 Oedipus Chymicus. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. 
 
 p. 619. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 306. 
 
BECHER BECKER 
 
 BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM). 
 Pantaleon Delarvatus. 
 
 Continued. 
 
 See FAUST (JOHANN MICHAEL), Philaletha Illustratus, 1706, p. 106. 
 This is an exposure of PANTALEON (q.v.). 
 
 Becher (bofn 1635 at Speyer, died 1682 at London) 
 is not only famous in the history of Chemistry for 
 his theory of combustion, but is notable as a tech- 
 nologist, miner and metallurgist, and projector of 
 various economical schemes. He travelled much 
 and was the author of a number of works besides 
 those in the present collection. In addition to the 
 notices of him in the histories of Chemistry and in 
 the encyclopaedias and biographical dictionaries, 
 there may be consulted the depreciatory article on 
 him by Adelung (Geschichte der menschlichen Narr- 
 heit, i.) (q.v.); on the opposite side Urban 
 Gottfried Bucher's work : Das Muster eines Niitz- 
 lich-Gelehrten in der Person Herrn Doctor Johann 
 Joachim Beckers, Niirnberg, 1722 ; and Joh. Fried. 
 Reimmann, ' Vorbericht ' to Becher's Narrische 
 Weifsheit, 1707, and Reimmann's Einleitung in 
 die Historiam literariam, 1710, iii. pp. 536, 537. 
 
 The ' Vorbericht ' was reprinted by Roth-Scholtz 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicee , 1699, p. 
 470. 
 
 Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 1700, 
 pp. 117, 638, 698, 780. 
 
 Paschius, Schediasma de curiosis . . . inventis, 
 vii. 8, p. 206; 10, p. 233 ; 20, p. 301. 
 
 Tollius, EpistolcB Itineraries, ed. Henninius, 
 1700, p. 138. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 19, 
 291, 213 (bis), 215 (bis), 227 (bis). 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. i. p. 255. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallictr, 
 
 1732, p. 23. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. pp. 234, 17 ; 149, 
 46; 819, 6; 347, 32; 729; ii. p. 404, 2, etc. 
 
 Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1733, m - c l- 863. 
 
 Kestner, Medicin. Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 96. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermitique, 1742, i. p. 411 ; iii. p. 116. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, i. 
 col. 889. 
 
 as preliminary to his edition of Becher's Chymischer 
 Rosengarten, 1717 (q.v.). There is also a notice 
 in Roth-Scholtz's edition of Becher's Opuscula 
 Chymica JRariora, 1719 (q.v. ). 
 
 Lists of his works are given by Adelung (q.v.), 
 by Bucher (see above), Reimmann (in Becher's 
 Narrische Weifsheit), by Roth-Scholtz (see above), 
 in his Bibliotheca Chemica (q.v.) and Deutsches 
 Theatrum Chemicum (1730), ii. p. 620, as a preface 
 to the Oedipus chemicus, and in Becher's Physica 
 Subterranea, 1681 (q.v.). Mercklin, Lindenius 
 Renovatus, 1686, p. 619. 
 
 His portrait is prefixed to the Chymischer Gliicks- 
 Hafen, 1726 (q.v.). One is contained in Bucher's 
 Life, taken from a painting which belonged to 
 Roth-Scholtz (Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 
 1730, ii. p. 621), and it is also in Roth-Scholtz's 
 Philosoph. Bilder-Saal, i. p. 33. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 
 1755, i. p. 144. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 52. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 531, 623-4, 626, 633-4, 640. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 
 
 541- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 144-146, 159,236. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 1825), ii. 87 (article by A. J. L. Jourdan). 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 417. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 213- 
 216, and 1869, ii. pp. 206-208. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 177- 
 180 & passim. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 124. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1875, " P- 2O1 
 (article by Oppenheim). 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, 
 iii. p. 201. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 65-69 & passim. 
 
 BECHIUS (PHILIPPUS). 
 
 See AGRICOLA (GEORG), Bergwerck Buch, 1621. 
 
 Philip Bech, or Bechius, a native of Basel, be- 
 came professor there and taught Latin and Logic. 
 He wrote a commentary on Virgil and a book on 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 911. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum Eruditione Clar- 
 orum, 1688, p. 1248. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgica, 1699, P- 
 472. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 51, 9. 
 
 mining, and edited works on philosophy and 
 medicine. He died Sept., 1560. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 98. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 888. 
 
 Herzog, Athentz Rauricce, 1778, p. 262. 
 
 BECKER (D. D.). 
 
 Der Chymische Wahrsager oder Beschreibung eines Rubinrothen, fixen und 
 durchdringenden Oels, so ohne alles Feuer und Zusatz fremder Dinge aus 
 dem Thau bereitet und denen Chymicis und Alchymicis zur fernern 
 Erforschung aufrichtig mittheilet D. D. Becker der Medicin Doctor. 
 Langensaltza, 1755. bey Johann Christian Martini. 
 
BECKER BECK HER 91 
 
 BECKER (D. D.). Continued. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-9] 10-78 [2 blank]. At the end is a method for making crucibles to 
 hold melted lead-glass. 
 
 The present tract was followed in 1757 by Gmelin, Gescltichte der Chemie 1798, ii. p. 328 ; 
 Des chymischen Wa.hrsa.gers Vertheidigung. See Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 349. 
 
 BECKER (DANIEL). 
 De Unguento Armario. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 514. 
 
 Daniel Becker, the younger, has his name spelled He wrote a few medical dissertations, and is 
 
 usually in this way. Witte is not consistent, for the generally regarded as the author of the tract on 
 
 father's name he has spelled Beckerus, while the the Weapon Salve, though it has been assigned by 
 
 son's he spells Beckherus which is the converse some to his father, 
 
 of the common practice. Mercklin gives a short biographical notice with 
 
 He was born at Konigsberg, January 5, 1627. the date of his birth 1627, and yet he puts in the 
 
 His father, wishing him to have a liberal education, list of his works, the " Medicus Microcosmus" 
 
 sent him to travel in 1646. He visited various which was published at Rostock in 1622, and the 
 
 Universities in Germany, Wittemberg, Leipzig, " De Cultrivoro Prussiaco Observatio" which 
 
 Jena, Altdorf, Ingolstadt, Tubingen, went to appeared at Konigsberg in 1636, without being 
 
 France and Italy, and graduated at Strasburg struck by the incompatibility of the dates. These 
 
 in 1652. He next visited Holland, and when he mistakes are copied without correction by Mangel 
 
 arrived at Konigsberg was made extraordinary and by MoreYi. 
 
 professor in the Medical Faculty in 1653, and Freher has in his notice given Becker very great 
 
 ordinary professor in 1655. The Elector of Bran- praise. His list contains the writings of both 
 
 denburg appointed him to be his physician in father and son, but with no attempt at discrimina- 
 
 1663. He died January 6 (others Feb. 7), 1670, while tion. 
 he was rector of the University for the second time. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 230. MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 1759, 
 
 Freher, Theatrwn Virorum eruditions clarorum, ii. p. 293. 
 
 1688, p. 1407. Haller, liibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, iii. p. 28. 
 
 1731, I. i. p. 257. Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 141. 
 
 Kcstner,MedicinischesGeIeArten-ex.,i74o,p.9c). Biographic Midicale^ Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, 25), ii. p. 99. 
 i. col. 901. 
 
 BECKER (JOHANN PHILIPP). 
 
 Chemische Anekdoten oder Versuche, iiber einige zweifelhafte und noch keine 
 authentike Giiltigkeit erlangte Satze. Von J. P. Becker, Senator, und des 
 Collegii. Med. Prov. Assessor zu Magdeburg. Leipzig, bey Christian 
 Gottlieb Hertel, 1788. 
 
 8. Pp. [10] 253 [i blank]. 
 
 Becker (1711-1799, who is not to be confused an apothecary and medical assessor al Magdeburg, 
 with J. Ph. Becher) was born Feb. 7, 1711, at He is the author of researches on nitric acid, red 
 Borcken, near Frilzlar, in Hesse, became in 1735 arsenic, etc., in Crell's Annalen. 
 
 Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 der ietzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, 25), ii. p. 96 (complains of his uninteresting 
 i. pp. 200-1. biographical skelch in Elwerl's Repertorium fur 
 
 Chemie und Pharmacie). 
 
 BECKHER (DANIEL). 
 
 Historische Beschreibung des Preussischen Messerschluckers, wie Er nicht 
 allein durch einen Schnitt des Messers befreyet, gliicklich geheilet, sondern 
 nunmehr ein Weib gefreyet, vnd zu Landsberg in Preussen seine Wohnung 
 genommen, sich auch bifs anhero frisch vnd gesund befindet. 
 
 Nebenst seinem Natiirlichem Contrafayt vnd des verschluckten Messers 
 eigendlicher Gestalt vnd Lange. wie auch Erorterung Funffzehen 
 Medicinalischer Fragen. verfertiget durch Daniel Beckhern D. vnd 
 
92 
 
 BECKHERBEEG 
 
 BECKHER (DANIEL). Continued. 
 
 Professor. Konigl. auch Churfiirstl. Brandenb. Preussischen bestalten 
 Hoff-Medicum, vnd der stadt Kneiphoff Physicum ordinarium. Konigsberg, 
 In Verlegung Peter Hendels Buchf: vnd Gedruckt durch Johann Reusnern 
 Im Jahr 1643. 
 
 4. No pagination. 2 leaves ; A 6 , B-Q, R 2 , in fours ( = pp. 140). Drawing of the 
 knife and portrait. Followed by a MS. : "Der Hallische Messer-Schlucker," by 
 Wolffgang Christoph Wesener, Halle, n.d., pp. 14. 
 
 Daniel Beckher, the elder, was born at Danzig, 
 December 13, 1598. After eight years' study in 
 German Universities and in Denmark, he obtained 
 a chair of Chemistry and Physics at Konigsberg in 
 1623, and there became licentiate in Medicine. In 
 1625 he was chosen town physician of Kneiphoff, 
 and the Elector of Brandenburg appointed him 
 court physician in 1629. He received the degree 
 of Doctor of Medicine in 1640. His death took 
 place October 18, 1653, according to Witte, in 1655 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis Libri Duo, 
 1637, p. 129. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Eee 
 3 verso; Ann. 18 Oct., 1653. 
 
 Witte, Memories Medicorum nostri seculi Claris- 
 simorum, 1676. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce, 1699, 
 p. 474. 
 
 Kestner, Medidnisches Gelekrten- Lex icon, 1740, 
 p. 98. 
 
 according to Jocher, and on October 14, 1659, 
 according to the Biographic Mldicale. 
 
 He wrote a number of works on Medicine, but 
 no very great opinion of him is expressed by the 
 last-named authority. 
 
 He has been confused by Mercklin, Mangel, and 
 MoreYi, with his son. 
 
 Editions in Latin of the present work are 
 mentioned : Regiomont. 1636, 1643, 4 ; Lugd. 
 Bat. 1638, 1640, 8. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 901. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 466. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 327. 
 
 Haller, Biblioiheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 509. 
 
 Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 98. 
 
 BECKMANN QOHANN). 
 
 Versuche den Gebrauch der Farberrothe beim Farben zu verbessern. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 271. 
 
 Bedencken iiber die Frage, ob die Transmutatio Metallorum moglich sey? 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 87. 
 
 Beckmann was born at Hoya, June 4th, 1739. 
 He went to Gottingen to study theology, but took 
 to mathematics, natural science, economics, and 
 modern languages, of which he could read ten. 
 He visited the Netherlands in 1762, and in 1763 
 went to St. Petersburg as a teacher of mathematics 
 and physics. This post he resigned in 1765, 
 stopped in Sweden and Denmark for a year, 
 became professor of philosophy at Gottingen, and 
 in 1770 professor of economics. In his teaching 
 he embraced the whole field, and technology may 
 be said to have begun with him, as it was he who 
 gave it its name. In 1777 he wrote the first text book 
 on the subject, and was the author of numerous 
 elaborate works on technology and economics. 
 He died at Gottingen, 3 Feb., 1811. 
 
 Joh. Steph. Putter, Versucheiner . . . Gelehrten- 
 Geschichte von der . . . Universitdt zu Gottingen, 
 1788, ii. p. 171, 337 ; 1820, iii. p. 102. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon 
 der ietzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, i. 
 pp. 206-209 (List of his works and portraits). 
 
 One of the books by which he is best known, 
 which shows his wide reading and exceptional 
 knowledge and retains its value to the present 
 time, is his ' Beytrage zur Geschichte der Erfin- 
 dungen.' , It came out in separate parts at Leipzig 
 between the years 1783 and 1805, afterwards in 
 five volumes, 1786-1805. There was an English 
 translation made by William Johnston, of which 
 the second edition was published at London, 1814, 
 4 vols. , 8, a condensed edition at London in 
 1823, 2 vols., 8, and a reprint of the larger work 
 (but with certain omissions) by Bohn, 1846, in 
 2 vols., 8. It is a mine of information direct and 
 incidental, and although it is of a technical 
 character it is written in so pleasant a style that 
 it reads almost like a romance. 
 
 Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 100 (article by Jourdan, with list of 
 works). 
 
 Karmarsch, Geschichte der Technologic, 1872, 
 p. 864, etc. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1875, ii. p. 238 
 (article by Karmarsch). 
 
 BEEG (J. C. VANDER). 
 
 See VANDERBEEG (j. C. VON). 
 
B ECU IN 93 
 
 BEGUIN QEAN). 
 
 Tyrocinium Chymicum e Naturae Fonte et Manuali Experientia Depromptum. 
 Autore loanne Beguino, Regis Eleemosynario. Hac Secunda Editione ab 
 ipsoraet autore quam diligentissime recognitum & auctum. Colonise 
 Apud Antonium Boetzerum, M.DC.XII. Cum Priuilegio. 
 24. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 195. [5 blank.] 
 
 Tyrocinium Chymicum e Naturae Fonte et Manuali Experientia Depromptum. 
 Autore loanne Beguino, Christianiss. Regis Franc. Eleemosynario. Hac 
 postrema editione ab ipsomet autore quam diligentissime recognitum & 
 auctum. Coloniae, Apud Antonium Boetzerum, M.DC.XV. Cum 
 Priuilegio. 
 
 24. Pp. [14, 2 blank], 195. [5 blank.] [Vignette of the Phoenix.] 
 
 This edition and the Novum Lumen Chymicum brought out an edition of the Novum Lumen 
 
 of Sendivogius (q. v.) were issued jointly with a Chymicum at Paris in 1608. On this account it is 
 
 general title page, dated : Coloniae, Apud An- sometimes said that the Tyrocinium was first 
 
 tonium Boetzerum, . . . M. DC. XVII. Beguinus published in 1608. 
 
 Tyrocinium Chymicum Johannis Beguini, Regis Galliae Eleemosynarii, Antehac 
 a Viris Clariss. Dn. Christophoro Gliickradt, Et Dn. Jeremia Barthio, Philos. 
 & Medic. DD. &c. Notis elegantibus illustratum, formulisq'; medicamen- 
 torum optimis & secretis locupletatum : Nunc verb a Johanne-Georgio 
 Pelshofero, Medic. D. & in Acad. Wittenb. Professore, Utriusq; Notis & 
 medicamentorum formulis in unum systema redactis, Denuo, amicorum 
 rogatu, in publicum emissum, ac triplici Indice ornatum. cum Privilegio. 
 Wittenbergae, Typis viduae Georgii Mulleri ; Impensis haeredum dementis 
 Bergeri. Anno M DC XXXIV. 
 
 8. Pp. [80] 480. [45, 3 blank], i Folding Table. 
 
 Tyrocinium Chymicum Johannis Beguini, Regis Galliae Eleemosynarij, Antehac 
 a Viris Clariss. Dn. Christophoro Gliickradt, & Dn. Jeremia Barthio, Philos. 
 & Medic. DD. &c. Notis elegantibus illustratum, formulisq'; medica- 
 mentorum optimis & secretis locupletatum : Nunc vero a Joh.-Georgio 
 Pelshofero, Medic. D. & in Acad. Wittenb. Professore. Utriusq'; notis & 
 medicamentorum formulis in unum systema redactis, Denuo, amicorum 
 rogatu, in publicum emissum, ac triplici Indice ornatum. cum Privilegio. 
 Wittebergae Impensis Andreae Hartmanni, Bibliop. Exscribebat Mechael 
 Wendt, Anno C!D ID CLXVI. 
 
 8. Pp. [80], 480. [43, 5 blank.] Folding table. There is an engraved title by 
 A. Aubry, as well as the printed one, included in the signature a. It depicts Cupid 
 with a pair of bellows, blowing a fire and watching a distillation. 
 
 Pelshofer was born at Gratz in Styria in 1599. Gliickradt is a pseudonym of Johann Hartmann 
 
 He graduated M.D. at Basel, practised medicine (q. v.). 
 
 at Hayna in Silesia till 1627, when he went to The notes were reprinted in his Opera omnia 
 
 Wittemberg and became Professor of Medicine. Medico- Chymica, Francof. 1684. 
 He died there in 1637. 
 
 Les Elemens de Chymie, de M. lean Beguin Aumosnier du Roy. Reueuz, 
 notez, expliquez, & augmentez, Par I.L.D.R.B.IC.E.M. En ceste derniere 
 Edition ont este adioustees plusieurs explications obmises aux precedentes 
 Impressions, & plusieurs preparations de remedes tires de la derniere Edition 
 
94 BEGUINBEHR 
 
 BEGUIN (JEAN). Continued. 
 
 Latine. A Lyon, Chez Pierre Rigaud & Estienne Michalet, rue Merciere, 
 a la Fortune. M.DC.LVIIL 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 384, Table [47, t blank]. Woodcuts of Apparatus in the text. The 
 initials stand for Jean Lucas du Roi, Baccal. Juris C. et Med. The vignette shows 
 three flying Cupids holding a sheet on which is a picture of Fortune ; motto : 
 Invidiam Fortuna domat. 
 
 Les Elemens de Chymie, de M. lean Beguin Aumosnier du Roy. Reueuz, 
 notez, expliquez, & augmentez, Par I.L.D.R.B.IC.E.M. En ceste derniere 
 Edition ont este adioustees plusieurs explications obmises aux precedentes 
 Impressions, & plusieurs preparations de remedes tires de la derniere Edition 
 Latine. A Lyon, Chez Claude La Rivier, e (V)rue Merciere. M.DC.LXV. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 384. [47, i blank]. 3 woodcuts in the text. This is a reprint of 
 the edition of 1658. " Rivier, e " is a misprint for " Riviere,". 
 
 Tyrocinium Chymicum : Or, Chymical Essays, acquired from the Fountain of 
 Nature and Manual Experience. By John Beguinus Almoner to the most 
 Christian King of France. London : Printed for Thomas Passenger, at 
 the three Bibles upon London-bridge, 1669. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 136 [4]. There is an engraved as well as a printed title-page included in A. 
 
 Tyrocinium Chymicum. 
 
 See MULLER (PHILIP), 1623, p. 151 (Sig. I). 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Novum Lumen Chymicum, 1617. 
 
 Beguinus was a native of Lorraine, and flourished once reprinted in 1611, in a tiny 16, much to his 
 
 at the beginning of the seventeenth century. After disgust, and he was thereby compelled to bring 
 
 studying chemistry and pharmacy at Sedan (?) he out a revised edition, which was published in 1612. 
 
 came to Paris, where he made chemical prepara- A French translation by the author appeared in 
 
 tions, and opened a school for instruction in the same year. The Tyrocinium afterwards became 
 
 chemistry, pharmacy, and metallurgy. He also the most popular text book of its time, for between 
 
 visited foreign countries to see the mines and study 1611 and 1669 it passed through some fifty editions, 
 
 mineralogy. His first publication was an edition There is a list of these in my memoir of Beguinus, 
 
 of the Novum Lumen Chymicum of Sendivogius read to the Philosophical Society of Glasgow (not 
 
 with a preface, 1608. He had great reputation as yet published). There are two translations into 
 
 a teacher, and was among the first to give practical German. The English translation was made by 
 
 instruction. At the instigation of a pupil, Jeremias Richard Russell. 
 
 Earth, he drew up a small manual entitled Tyro- The book is merely an outline of certain phar- 
 
 cinium Chymicum, printed in 1610. It was meant maceutical preparations, but incidentally there is 
 
 for his own students "to save him the trouble of some] general chemistry, and it contains the 
 
 dictating and them of writing " the methods he description for the first time of certain substances, 
 
 demonstrated, and it was not regularly published. with the discovery of which the author is credited. 
 A copy having got to Cologne the tract was at 
 
 BEHR (GEORG HEINRICH). 
 
 Georgii Henrici Behrii, Medicinae Doctoris atque Practici Argentinensis, nee 
 non Acad. Imperialis Naturse Curiosorum, ut & Commercii Litterarii 
 Physico-Technico-Medici, Sodalis, Lexicon Physico-Chymico-Medicum Reale ; 
 lis praeprimis utile, qui de hac vel ilia Materia aliorum etiam doctorum 
 Virorum Suffragia & Observationes scire, Sicque de suis simul Opinionibus 
 certiores fieri cupiunt. Cum Praefatione D.D. Michaelis Alberti, Potentiss. 
 Reg. Boruss. Aulici & Consistor. Magdeb. Consiliarii, Universitat. Friderician. 
 Med. & Phil. Nat. Prof. Publ. Ord. & reliqua. [Vignette with the motto : 
 Muti Doctores Optimi.] Argentorati Sumptibus Johannis Beckii. Ann. 
 
 1738. 
 
 4. Pp. [28] 480, Pt. 2, pp. 481-876. Title red and black. Engraved plate. 
 
BEHRBENEDICTUS 95 
 
 BEHR (GEORG HEINRICH). Continued. 
 
 Behr was born at Strasburg, October 16, 1708, subjects which gives brief summaries and references 
 
 and died there May 9, 1761. He was a Phil. Dr. , to the authorities who treat of them. He was the 
 
 physician at the hospital, Hofrath, and physician author also of some papers. " A man not to be 
 
 to Prince von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg, and became lightly esteemed, if he had not disgraced himself 
 
 a member of the Leopoldine Academy, April 2, by his low companions, " says Haller ! 
 1738. The above book is a vocabulary of medical 
 
 A. E. Biichner, Academic . . . Natures Curio- Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 386. 
 
 sorum Historia, Hate, 1755, p. 506, No. 482. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. 301. 1806-8, p. 264. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 162. Poggendorff, Biographisch-litterarisches Hand- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 194. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 135. 
 
 BELLUM Equestre. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM (l66l), vi. p. 519. 
 
 This is not the same as the Uralter Ritterkrieg. 
 
 BELYE QOHN), Anglus. 
 Tractatus. 
 
 See TRACTATUS DUO CHEMICI, 1647, p. 3. 
 See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 495. 
 
 Of this person nothing seems to be recorded. doing. By Schmieder he is called Bellas, but 
 Schmieder puts him in the i2-i3th century, but Borel and Borrichius style him Belye. 
 without giving any reason or authority for so 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 44. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 130. 
 1697, p. 27, No. xxxviii. 
 
 BEN-ADAMS. 
 Traum-Gesichte. 
 
 See FLORETUS A BETHABOR. 
 
 BENCI (TOMMASO). 
 
 See HERMES TRISMEGISTUS, 1549. 
 
 BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS). 
 
 Liber Aureus de principiis Naturae & Artis : Das ist : Ein Giildenes Biichlein, 
 so da beschreibet wie die Metallen in den Kliifften der Erden, durch die 
 Natur in jren Mineren geboren, vnnd daraufs die Wissenschafft der Primae 
 Materiae, oder Lapidis Philosophorum erlernet, vnd durch Kunst moge 
 guberniret werden. Mit Anhang folgender Tractatlein : I . Definition 
 Alchymiae. II. Der Phoenix. III. Ein Tractatlein, aufs Frantzosischem 
 ins Teutsche vbersetzt, das gantz deutlich lehret, die M. L. zu erkennen, 
 vnd zur Perfection zu bringen. Avthore Liberio Benedicto. Franckfurt 
 am Mayn, In Verlegung Lvcae Jennisii. Im Jahr M.DC.XXX. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-7] 8-160. 
 
 Nvclevs Sophicvs, oder Aufslegung in Tincturam Physicorum Theophrasti 
 Paracelsi. Darinnen die rechte wahre Materia oder subiectum Philosophorum 
 Catholicum, auch defs gantzen Wercks, so wol der alten Philosophen, als 
 defs Theophrasti newe corrigirte, rechte vnd eigentliche Praeparation gezeiget 
 wird. Sampt einem andern vnd sehr niitzlichen Tractatlein Cabalistischer 
 Weise vom lapide Philosophorum beschrieben, vnd den Veris Chymiae 
 
96 BENEDICTUSBENTZ 
 
 BENEDICTUS (LIBERIUS). Continued. 
 
 studiosis zu gutem herfiir geben durch Liberium Benedictum. Franck- 
 furt am Mayn, bey Lucas Jennis zu finden. Im Jahr M.DC.XXIII. 
 
 8. Pp. 116. MS. notes. 
 
 The first tract (pp. 3-73) has no separate title. Hendreich besides the preceding ascribes also 
 
 It is followed by ' ' /Enigma Philosophicum de to this author : 
 
 Secreto Physicorum," with a diagram entitled Gloria Mundi, sonsten Paradeifs-Taffel genannt. 
 
 " Character Cabalisticus, " pp. 74-78. The second in 8. 
 
 tract is entitled "De Lapide Philosophico," pp. Wasserstein der Weisen, seu indicatio materias, 
 
 79-end, with a section " Theorica Lapidis Philoso- ex qua Lapis Philosophorum paratur ; modus 
 
 phici de praeparatione corporis nostri," p. 104. praeparandi Universalem Tincturam, in German. 
 
 Sudhoff gives a notice of this book. I think Hendreich is not correct in this ascription. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgica, 1699, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 506. 
 
 p. 507. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 24. 378-9. 
 
 Jacob Leupold's Prodromus Bibliotheca Metalliccs, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 1732, p. 25. Secretes, 1870, No. 1039. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 347, 382. 
 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 118. (He says that its Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp. 533- 
 
 style is so allegorical that it might have been 534. 
 better if it had not been written at all. ) 
 
 BENTZ (ADOLPH CHRISTOPH). 
 
 Das in der tieffesten Krufft vergrabene und nunmehro entdeckte Kleinod, 
 welches ist der alleredelste Schatz der Philosophorum, nemlichen Lapis 
 Philosophorum seu Medicina Universalis. Wie und auf was Weise zu 
 derselbigen zu gelangen, gantz deutlich und ohnverdeckt beschrieben. 
 Nebst einem Anhang einer Warnungs-Schrifft der falschen Gold- und Silber- 
 Tincturen, Pulver vnd Pillen. Ab Autore A.C.B. M.D. Stadt-Physico zu 
 Uffenheim in Francken. Erffurth, in Verlegung des Autoris 1714. 
 
 8. Pp. [30] 112. 
 
 Das in der tieffesten Krufft vergrabene und nunmehro entdeckte Kleinod, 
 welches ist der alleredelste Schatz der Philosophorum, nemlichen Lapis 
 Philosophorum seu Medicina Universalis. Wie und auf was Weise zu 
 derselbigen zu gelangen, gantz deutlich und ohnverdeckt beschrieben. 
 Nebst einem Anhang einer Warnungs-Schrifft der falschen Gold- und 
 Silber-Tincturen, Pulver und Pillen. Ab Autore A.C.B. M.D. Stadt- 
 Physico zu Uffenheim in Francken. Franckfurt zu finden bey Johann 
 Adolph. 1714. 
 
 8. Pp. [30] 112. 
 This is identical with the preceding except in the imprint. 
 
 Philosophische Schau-Biihne, bestehend aus mehrentheils lauter eigenen und 
 wahrhafften Experimentis, Sowohln auf vielerley Processus, welche unter 
 denen Secretis behalten werden, als auch iiber die effectus Corporum, so 
 in der Vermischung zu entstehen pflegen. Nebst einem Anhang der 
 Chymischen Charactern, und einem vollstandigen Register, der heutigen 
 Kunst-begierigen Welt vorgestellt von einem Alchymiae Cultore sub spe 
 Benedictionis Divinse" vivente. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Wolffgang 
 Michahelles, und Johann Adolph. An. 1706. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 134. Index [10], The first two leaves contain a frontispiece and 
 symbolical engraved title, included in the pagination. The Dedication is signed A. C. B. 
 
 The first edition of this work is said to have appeared at Hamburg, 1690. The title is given by 
 Gmelin. There was also an edition, Niirnberg, 1710, 
 
BENTZ BERGEN 97 
 
 BENTZ (ADOLPH CHRISTOPH). Continued. 
 [Another Copy], 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 134 [10]. The first two leaves contain frontispiece and symbolical title. 
 
 Thesaurus Processuum Chimicorum. Oder : Schatz Chimischer Processen, 
 welcher von denen vornehmsten und gelehrtesten Medicis je und allezeit 
 secretirt, dem Autori aber schrifftlich communicirt worden, fast in alien 
 Kranckheiten dienlich und nutzlich zugebrauchen, Worinnen auch noch 
 andere curieuse Medicinische Heyl-Mittel und Kunst-Stucklein begriffen, 
 Nicht sowohlen denen hohen Liebhabern der Edlen Chimie, als auch 
 andern nothleidenden Krancken zum Besten vorstellig gemacht wird, von 
 Adolph Christoph Benz, M.D. Niirnberg, Verlegts Johann Adolph und 
 Johann Wilhelm Rennagel. Druckts Johann Ernst Adelbulner. An. 1715. 
 4. Pp. [8] 178. [25, i blank.] 
 
 Benz was physician of Uffenheim in Franconia versali, Ntirnberg, 1709, 8. Fictuld does not 
 and is said to have collected medical rather than know who he is, but condemns him as an arch- 
 chemical secrets. Very little seems known about sophist whose works, ' Sudel-Schrifften ' he calls 
 him. In addition to the above works Gmelin them, should be burnt, etc., etc. 
 mentions as by him : Tractatus de menstrua Uni- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophic 1690, 4, apparently his academic dissertation under 
 
 Hermdtique, 1742, iii. p. 119. Stahl). 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Part ii. p. 40. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 29. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 745. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practice, 1788, Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1308, 1633-34. 
 
 iv. p. 84 (quotes De pituita vitrea, Altdorf. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 341, 357. 
 
 BERG (LUDWIG CONRAD v.). 
 
 See ORVIUS (LUDWIG CONRAD). 
 
 BERGEN (CARL AUGUST VON), Prases. 
 
 Disputatio Inauguralis Medico-Pharmaceutica sistens lapidem Lydium medica- 
 mentorum bonae notae regni mineralis quam auctoritate et consensu 
 gratiosissimae facultatis medicae praeside Carol. Augusto a Bergen, med. 
 doct. et prof. publ. ord. eiusd. fac. h.t. decano promotore ad cineres colendo 
 pro gradu doctoris legitimo modo obtinendo D. xxi. Decemb. MDCCXLII. 
 H.L.Q.S. publico eruditorum examini subiicit auctor et respondens Carol. 
 Christian. Brumbey, Anhaltino-Bernburgensis. Francofurti ad Viadrum, 
 Litteris Philippi Schwartzii, Acad. Reg. Typ. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 32. 
 
 Carl August von Bergen, son of the Professor J. Anatomy, Botany, Therapeutics, and Pathology in 
 
 Georg von Bergen, was born at Frankfurt on the Oder, the University there. He wrote works on specific 
 
 August 1 1 (others, 14), 1704. He attended school and gravity, thermometry, optics, meteorology, elec- 
 
 the University in his native place, and then travelled: tricity, and other physical phenomena, as well as 
 
 spent a couple of years at Leyden under Boer- on anatomical and botanical subjects. He was 
 
 haave and Albinus, went to Paris and Strasburg, elected a member of the Leopoldine Academy in 
 
 and in 1730 returned to Frankfurt, visited Berlin, 1752, and was a member also of the Academy of 
 
 and took his degree at Frankfurt in 1731. In 1732 Sciences at Berlin. He died at Frankfurt o.O.,Oct.7, 
 
 he was appointed Extraordinary Professor of 1759. Haller calls him "noster olim amicus." 
 Anatomy, and ultimately became Professor of 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Naturce Curiosorum Meusel, lexicon der von 1750 bis 1800 -verstor- 
 
 Historia, 1755, p. 515, No. 575. benen teutschen Schriftsteller (1802-16). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 298. Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litterateur, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 189. 1806-08, pp. 275, 281, 284, 289. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 243. Biographie Me~dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la MMecine, 25), ii. p 158 (article by Jourdan, with a list of his 
 
 1778, i. p. 319. dissertations). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 620 ; Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mldi- 
 
 799, iii. p. 36. cine, 1828, i. p. 353. 
 
98 BERGEN BERGMAN 
 
 BERGEN (CARL AUGUST VON), Presses. Continued. 
 
 Janus, Breslau, 1848, iii. p. 424 (article by J. S. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- 
 
 Lowenstein). cales, 1868, ix., p. 125. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mddicale, 1855, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1875, ii. p. 367 
 
 ii. p. 407. (article by Hirsch). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorra- 
 
 worterbuch , 1863, i. col. 147. genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1884, i. p. 
 
 45- 
 
 BERGMAN (TORBERN OLOF). 
 
 Torberni Bergman Chemise Professoris et Equitis Aurati Reg. Ordinis de Wasa ; 
 Acad. Imp. N. C., Regiarumque Academiarum et Societatum, Upsal., Stockh. 
 utriusque, Londin., Goetting., Berol., Gothob. et Lund. Sodalis, Parisinse 
 Correspondentis, Opuscula Physica et Chemica, pleraque antea seorsim 
 edita, jam ab Auctore collecta, revisa et aucta. Vol. i. Cum tabulis 
 aenseis. Cum Privilegio S. Elect. Saxoniae. Holmise, Upsalise & Aboae, 
 In Officinis Librariis Magni Sweden, Regg. Acadd. Bibliop. MDCCLXXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] xvi. 411 [i]. 2 plates. 
 
 Vol. ii. Upsalise, MDCCLXXX. Litteris Direct. Johan. Edman. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] 510. 2 plates. 
 
 According to Poggendorff this edition should contain 6 vols. , 1779-84. A collected 
 edition by Hebenstreit was published at Leipzig in 1788. 
 
 Torbern Bergmann Professor der Chymie und Ritter des Koniglichen Ordens 
 von Wasa, Mitglied der Kaiserl. Academic der Naturforscher, der Koniglichen 
 Academien und Gesellschaften zu Upsal, Stockholm, der beiden Londoner, 
 Gottinger, Berliner, Gotheburger und Lundener, Correspondent der Pariser, 
 Kleine Physische und Chymische Werke. Ersten Bandes erste Abtheilung. 
 Mit einigen Kupfern aus dem Lateinischen iibersetzt. von Heinrich Tabor 
 Med. Doct. Frankfurt am Mayn bey Johann Gottlieb Garbe 1782. 
 
 8. Pp. [2]. 1-270. Ersten Bandes Zvveite Abtheilung ; Title [2]. Text, pp. 
 275-548. 2 plates. 
 
 These two parts contain a translation of the first 1782 to 1790. The English translation was made 
 volume of the Latin edition of 1779. According to by Dr. Edmund Cullen. 
 Poggendorff, Tabor's translation extended from 
 
 Traite des Affinites Chymiques, ou Attractions Electives ; Traduit du Latin, sur 
 la derniere Edition de Bergman. Augment^ d'un Supplement & de Notes, 
 Avec des Planches. A Paris, Chez Buisson, Libraire, Hotel de Mesgrigny, 
 rue des Poitevins, No. 13. 1788. Avec Approbation & Permission. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 444 [2, 2 blank]. 3 tables. 4 engraved plates. 
 
 Kalte Gesundbrunnen durch Kunst zu bereiten. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 98. 
 
 Warme Gesundbrunnen oder Bader durch Kunst zu bereiten. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 153. 
 
 Von der Luftsaure. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1782, ii. p. 60. 
 
 Ueber die Zerlegung der Wasser. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1782, ii. p. 157. 
 
BERGMAN BERGSMA 99 
 
 BERGMAN (TORBERN OLOF). Continued. 
 
 Ueber die Gestalten der Krystallen, vornehmlich derjenigen die aus dem Spath 
 erzeugt sind. 
 See ALLGEMEIN nUtzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1782, ii. p. 278. 
 
 Torbern Olof Bergman was born in 1735 at 1787 ; v. 1788 ; vi. 1790. The treatise on Elective 
 
 Katharinberg, West Gothland, entered Upsala Affinities first appeared in 1775, and then in vol. iii. 
 
 University in 1752, studied mathematics, astronomy, of his works. 
 
 physics, and natural history, especially entomology French translation by de Morveau : Dijon, 1780, 
 
 and parts of botany on all which subjects he T. i., 8. 
 
 subsequently published researches. He graduated German by Heinrich Tabor : Franckfurt a. M., 
 
 master in 1758, became a docens, and in 1761 an 1782, etc., see above. 
 
 extra professor in Mathematics. In 1765 he was The historical dissertations first published in 1779 
 
 elected to the Royal Society, and in 1767 he sue- and 1782 were translated by Wiegleb into German 
 
 ceeded Wallerius in the Chair of Chemistry, and and published in 1792 as an appendix to his 
 
 thereafter devoted himself to that department. In Geschichte des Wachsthums . . . in der Chemie. 
 
 1776 he declined an invitation to Berlin, preferring English translations : 
 
 to remain at Upsala. After a long period of failing Outlines of Mineralogy, by Dr. Withering, Bir- 
 
 health he died in 1784 at the baths of Medevi, in mingham, 1783, 8. 
 
 his forty-ninth year. Elective Attractions, by Dr. Beddoes, London, 
 
 His papers were collected partly by himself in 1785, 8. 
 
 three volumes: i. Upsalse, etc., 1779; ii. Upsalse, Physical and Chemical Essays, by Ed. Cullen, 
 
 1780; iii. Upsalae, 1783 ; continued after his death 2 vols., 8, London, 1784 ; 3 vols., London, 1788- 
 
 by Hebenstreit in an additional three : iv. Lipsiae, 91. 
 
 Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten Nova Acta Regies Societatis Scientiarum Up- 
 
 Chemie, 1777, 2 vols., passim. saliensis (1815), vii. pp. 360-394. 
 
 Crell, Annalen, 1787, I. St. i. pp. 74-96. Thomas Thomson, Life of Bergman, Annals of 
 
 Histoire de PAcadtmie royale des Sciences (for Philosophy, 1818, xii. pp. 321-336. 
 
 1784), Paris, 1787, pp 31-47 (by Condcoret). Thomas Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1831, 
 
 Stockholm Academy, 1785. Notice by Hjelm. ii. pp. 27-53. 
 
 Benj. Hutchinson, Biographia Medico, 1799, i. Biographiskt Lexicon ofver namnkunnige 
 
 pp. 56-64. Svenska man, Upsala, 1836, ii. pp. 191-203. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. 439-457 ; 
 
 261-70 & passim. ^fy, ii. 432-450. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum ; Chemia, Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 245- 
 
 1803. Several references. 256 & passim. 
 
 Vicq d'Azyr, Eloges Historiques, Paris, 1805, i. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 pp. 210-248. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 150. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 333 & passim. Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der 
 
 Thomas Thomson, History of the Royal Society, neueren 7.eit, 1873, P- 82, & passim. 
 1812, Appendix, p. Ii. 
 
 See SCHEELE (KARL WILHELM), Chemical Observations ... on Air and Fire, 1780. 
 See SCOPOLI (GIOVANNI ANTONIO), Elementi di Chimica, 1790. 
 
 BERGOMO. 
 
 La Farmacopea o' Antidotario dell' eccellentissimo Collegio de' Signori Medici 
 di Bergomo, nel quale si contiene il modo di comporre i Medicamenti 
 hoggidi piu vsitati nelle Spetiarie. Tradotto dalla Latina nella volgar lingua 
 Per D. Tito Sanpellegrino Cittadino di essa, e Spetiale. Con tre vtilissime 
 Tauole, vna delle Compositioni ; 1' altra de' Semplici, & 1' vltima de i Pesi, 
 & Misure pertinenti all' Arte. In questa vltima imprefsione assai migliorata, 
 & con ogni diligenza corretta, & emendata. In Brescia, Appresso Bartho- 
 lomeo Fontana. 1628. Con licenza de' Superiori. 
 
 4. Pp. [48] 351 [3]. A few leaves damaged. Vignette of a fountain. 
 
 BERGSMA (CORNELIUS ADRIAN), 
 
 Cornelii Adriani Bergsma, Leovardia-Frisii Math. Phil. Nat. Candidati et 
 Medicinae Studiosi in Athenaeo Franequerensi Responsio ad Quaestionem 
 e Chemia Applicata ab Ordine Disciplinarum Mathematicarum et Physicarurn 
 in Academia Groningana, Propositam Anno ciciocccxix : " Quae sint 
 cespitum nostrorum bituminosorum (turfarum) principia, quam mutationem 
 
loo BERGSMABERNHARDUS TREVISANUS 
 
 BERGSMA (CORNELIUS ADRIAN). Continued. 
 
 ilia sub combustione patiantur, qui fit cinerum et fuliginis usus in artibus et 
 agricultura ? " Quae Praemio ornata est. Groningae, apud I. Oomkens, 
 Academiae Typographum, 1821. 
 
 4- PP- 52- 
 
 Bergsma was born at Leeuwarden in 1798, was in 18^9. He wrote two or three other papers on 
 
 extraordinary professor of Mathematics and Physics chemical subjects. 
 
 at Ghent in 1816, afterwards in 1835 ordinary Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 professor of the same at Utrecht. He died there wtirterbuch, Leipzig, 1898, iii. col. 112. 
 
 BERGWERCK vnd Probirbiichlin, fur die Bergk vnd Feuerwercker, Goltschmid, 
 Alchimisten und Kiinstner. 
 
 Gilbertus Cardinal vonn Soluiren vnnd scheydungen aller Metal. 
 Polirung allerhand Edelgesteyn. 
 
 Fiirtrefliche Wasser zum Etzen, Scheyden vnd Soluiren. 
 Verhiitung vnd rath fur gifftige dampffe der Metal. 
 
 Small 8. Ff. 39. i blank. Vignette and 16 woodcuts. 
 
 Colophon : Zu Franckfurt am Meyn, bei Christiau (sic) Egenolph. Jm Herbstmon, 
 des Jahrs M.D. XXXIII. 
 
 This appears to be the earliest of a series of books on mining, metals, and assaying, which 
 were printed by Egenolph. See the title PROBIERBUCHLEIN. 
 
 BERICHT von Eigenschafft, Art, Qualiteten, und Gebrauch der vier Elementen 
 in der Spiritualischen, oder Geistlichen Welt, wie dieselbigen in dero wircken, 
 vnd in dem Opere Philosophico befunden, und gebrauchet werden. 
 See BENEDICTUS (LlBERius), Liber Aureus, 1630, p. 152. 
 
 BERICHT von der Generation ... der Metallen. 
 
 See WAHRHAFFTER und in der Natur gegriindeter Bericht. 
 
 BERICHT. 
 
 See TINCTURA Physica. 
 
 BERLICH (ADAM GOTTLOB). 
 Spagyrische Grund-Regeln. 
 
 See MONTE-SNYDERS (jOHANN DE), Tractatus de Medicina Universali, 1678. 
 
 By some his name is written Berlich, by others Berlig. He was the author of a dissertation, De 
 Medicina Universali, Jena, 1679, 4. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertoriiim der Chemischen Litteratur, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 1806-08, p. 186. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1116-17, 1176, 1622-24. 
 
 BERNARDON (PONTIO). 
 
 See MEURDRAC (MARIE), La Chimica caritatevole e facile, 1682. 
 This is the name at the end of the dedication. 
 
 BERNAUD (NICOLAS). 
 
 See BARNAUD (NICOLAS). 
 
 BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS. 
 
 Von der Hermetischenn Philosophia, das ist, vom Gebenedeiten Stain der 
 weisen, der hocherfarnen vnd furtrefflichen Philosophen, Herren Bernhardi, 
 Grauen von der Marck, vnd Teruis ein Buch. Item, Dicta Alani, Darinn 
 
BERNHARDUS TRE VIS ANUS 101 
 
 BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS. Continued. 
 
 alles hell vnd klar an tag geben wirdt. Ex libris Doctoris Henrici Vuolffij. 
 Jetz von newem widerumb mit fleifs corrigirt, vnd vbersehen. Getruckt 
 zu Strafsburg bey Christian Miillers Erben, 1582. 
 
 8. Sigs. A M 8 , in eights, or pp. [191, i blank]. Title red and black. 
 Tabula Smaragdina, C v, verso. 
 
 This edition is not mentioned by Schmieder. Miiller, 1574, small 8, title in black, and no 
 The book, edited with a preface by Michael pagination. Editions of 1586 and 1597, 8, are 
 Toxites, was first printed at Strasburg by Christian quoted. 
 
 Des Hn. Bernhardi, Grafen von der Marck und Tervis Chymische Schrifften, 
 von dem gebenedeyten Stein der Weisen. Aus dem Lateinischen ins 
 Teutsche iibersetzet, ingleichen mit des Herrn D. Joachim Tanckens und 
 anderer Gelehrten Anmerckungen ans Liecht gestellet durch Caspar Horn, 
 Phil. & Med. Doctor. Niirnberg, Verlegts, Johann Paul Kraufs, Buch- 
 handler in Wienn nachst der Kayserl. Burg. 1 746. 
 
 8. Pp. [102, including the frontispiece which is in four compartments], 390 [4]. 
 Title red and black. 
 
 Besides Caspar Horn's introduction and Bern- Von den zweyen Bliimlein daraus der Stein der 
 
 hardus' works this contains also : Weisen wachset, p. 286. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina, p. 6. Etschenreuters Send-Brief an Gratarolum, p. 298. 
 
 Ein Dialogus vom Stein der Weisen Praeceptoris Dicta Alani, p. 307. 
 
 Georgii und Alberti Discipuli, darinnen der vierdte Metallurgia, das ist : von der Generation und 
 
 Theil des Grafen Bernhardi . . . ausgelegt und Geburt der Metallen, . . . publiciret durch Joachi- 
 
 erklaret wird, p. 212. mum Tanckium, p. 325. 
 
 Kurtze Auslegung des Fontinleins oder vierdten 
 Theils Bernhardi von Alberto Beyer, p. 273. 
 
 Des Hn. Bernhardi, Grafen von der Marck und Tervis Chymische Schrifften, 
 von dem gebenedeyten Stein der Weisen. . . . Niirnberg . . . 1747. 
 
 8. Pp. [102, including the frontispiece which is in four compartments] 390 [4]. 
 Title red and black. MS. note. 
 
 The difference between this and the other copy is the date. 
 
 Of Bernhardus' collected works several editions 1597, 8. Tanckius' fuller edition in four parts 
 are enumerated by Schmieder : in French, Anvers, appeared at Leipzig, 1605, 8. Caspar Horn's 
 1565, 8; in German, Strasburg, 1574, 8; 1586, edition, Nurnberg, 1643, 8; 1717, 8, and the above. 
 
 Traicte de La Nature de 1'Oeuf des Philosophes. Compost par Bernard, Comte 
 de Treues, Allemand. A Paris, M.DC.LIX. 
 
 8. Pp. 64. 
 
 This was issued along with Basilius Valentinus' " Les douze Clefs" and "Azoth," and was printed by 
 Pierre Moet. 
 
 Des Herrn Bernhards, Grafens von der Mark und Tervis, Abhandlung von der 
 Natur des (philosophischen) Eyes. Ein hermetisches Sendschreiben. Aus 
 emem uralten und hochst seltenen, noch nie gedruckten lateinischen 
 Manuscript, den Ehrwiirdigen Weisen zu Gefallen, und andern Liebhabern 
 der achten alchymischen Biicher und besonders der Bernhardischen, mit 
 moglichstem Fleisse ins Deutsche iibersetzt, und mit einem Vorbericht und 
 Anhang von des Verfassers Schriften und deren verschiedenen Lesarten 
 begleitet. Hildesheim, im Verlage der Schroderschen Buchhandlung. 
 1780. 
 
 8. Pp. na. There is a good account of Trevisan in the introduction and notes. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
102 BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS 
 
 BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS. Continued. 
 
 De Chymico Miraculo, quod Lapidem Philosophiae appellant. 
 See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ' l - P- 683. 
 
 Of this work there was, according to the Bey frag, an edition of 1583. 
 
 Bericht von der hermetischen Philosophia. 
 See ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. 193. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina, p. 200. 
 This is a reprint of Toxites' edition. 
 
 Drey Bucher von der Hermetischen Philosophic. 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Philosophus, 1709, p. 193. 
 Tabula Smaragdina, p. 213. 
 
 Commentarius iiber den Bernhardum. 
 
 See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Gliicks-Hafen, 1726, p. i. 
 
 Fontina Bernhardi Revelata. 
 See GRAVEL (CARL HERMANN). 
 
 Le Livre de la Philosophic Naturelle des Metaux. 
 
 See ZACHAIRE (DENIS), Opuscule tres-excellent de la vraye Philosophic naturelle 
 
 des Metaux, 1612, p. 170. 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. 
 
 P- 325- 
 La parole de'laisse'e. 
 
 See DIVERS TRAITEZ de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1672, p. 97. 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. 
 p. 400. 
 
 Of this tract Schmieder quotes an edition, Paris, 1618, 8. For a German translation see below, 
 Verbum dimissum. 
 
 TTC/H x 7 ?/* 61 ' 015 Opus Historicum & dogmaticum ex Gallico in Latinum simpliciter 
 versum, & nunc primum in lucem editum. 
 See PICUS MIRANDULANUS (j. FRANCiscus), Libri in. de Auro, 1598, p. 139. 
 
 This is also called : De Transmutatione Metal- have had some doubt about Etschenreuter's name, 
 
 lorum Liber. It is accompanied by short letters for on page 139 it runs thus : ' Doctori Gallo & 
 
 to and from Gratarolus and Etschenreuter and a Schenreutero ' ; and on p. 141 : ' Gallus et Schen- 
 
 note to Thomas de Bononia. The editor seems to reuterus Medicus ' ! 
 
 Liber de Secretissimo Philosophorum opere Chemico. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 388. 
 
 Processus Lapidis Philosophorum ex Mercurio Corporis. 
 See RADIX CHIMI^E, 1680, p. 123. 
 
 La Response a Thomas de Boulongne (sic), Medecin du Roy Charles huictiesme. 
 See IOLY (GABRIEL), Trois Anciens Traictez, 1626, p. 27. 
 
 Responsio ad Thomam de Bononia de Mineralibus, et Elixiris compositione, 
 Roberti Vallensis Tabulis illustrata. 
 See ARTIS AURIFERJE . . . Volumina, 1610, ii. p. 38. 
 
 First published in Morienus 1 tract, De Re Metallica, Paris, 1564. 
 
BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS 103 
 
 BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS. Continued. 
 
 Responsio ad Thomam de Bononia super libro de Secretissimo Philosophorum 
 opere Chimico. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 399. 
 
 Ein Antwort an Thomam de Bononia von den Mineralen, vnnd Zusammen- 
 setzung oder Zurichtung defs Elixirs, erklaret vnnd aufsgelegt mit den Tafeln 
 Roberti Vallensis. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, ii. p. 46. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, ii. p. 68. 
 
 Epistle to Thomas of Bononia, concerning the secret workings of Nature in 
 the product of things. 
 
 See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. 187. 
 
 A short Epistle dedicatory before his Works, to the same Man. 
 
 See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. 269. 
 
 This is a translation of the letter in the edition of Picus ((/. v.). 
 
 Tractat von der Nachahmung oder Nachfolgung der Natur. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 164. 
 Symbolum Apostolicum. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 177. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 42. 
 
 Tractatus de lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 See TRACTATUS duo Chemici, 1647, p. 16. 
 
 See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 503. 
 
 Treatise of the Philosopher's-Stone. 
 
 See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 83. 
 
 Tractat vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1659, p. 98. 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1682, p. 98. 
 
 De Transmutatione Metallorum Liber. 
 
 See PICUS MIRANDULANUS, (j. FRANCISCUS), Libri in. de Auro, 1598, p. 139. 
 This is the same as " Trepi xW e 'as opus historicuni et dogmaticum." 
 
 Verbum Dimissum. 
 
 See TAEDA Trifida Chimica, 1674, p. 97. 
 
 This is a German translation of ' La parole delaissee.' 
 
 This Bernhardus, Count of Trevigo, Trevisanus, statements of different writers, and after two 
 or Graf von der Marck und Tervis, was born at years' labour "his eyes were opened," and in 
 Padua in 1406, and from the age of fourteen till 1481 he not only succeeded in making the stone, 
 the end of his life was given over entirely to the but in making it with all its virtues in the most 
 study of alchemy. At first he worked according exalted condition. He died in 1490. 
 to the directions of one authority and then of He tells the story of his adventures in his book, 
 another until he spent nearly all his fortune, De Chemia, opus historicum et dogmaticum. 
 quarrelled in consequence with his family, and was Schmieder, I know not why, is of opinion, that 
 no nearer his aim than before. In 1452, when he he wrote originally in French, and that his works 
 was 46, he began to travel in hopes to find some were translated into Latin and German. His work 
 adept who would instruct him. He went every- ' De chemia,' is, however, extant only in Latin, 
 where, but though he found enthusiasts and cheats and of it he quotes several editions, which, how- 
 plentiful, he found no philosopher and no philo- ever, I have not checked, viz. : Strasburg, 1567 ; 
 sopher's stone. In 1472, after twenty years' wander- Basel, 1583; Ursellae, 1598; Frankfurt a. M. 1625, 
 ing, he returned in poverty to Rhodes, and once Combach's edition, Geismar, 1647, etc. 
 more he tried a new plan. He compared the Lists also are given by Gmelin. 
 
104 
 
 BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS 
 
 BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS. Continued. 
 
 There is some difficulty in deciding whether 
 the name Bernhardus denotes one person or two; 
 whether Bernhardus Trevisanus and Bernhardus 
 Trevirensis are identical or not. The problem is 
 not a new one, for it occurs in the earliest editions 
 of the works passing under Bernhardus' name, 
 and in the above edition of Caspar Horn's he 
 points out the confusion about the author. In 
 the work Trepi xwetas, printed along with that of 
 Picus Mirandulanus in 1598, the conflicting names 
 occur. Thus, on pp. I39and 152, he is called "Comes 
 Trevirensis & Naygensis in Germania." On p. 148 
 the name given is ' ' Comes de Tresne in Germania," 
 and the letter addressed to Thomas de Bononia is 
 dated from Tresne, 12 May, 1453. But in what 
 follows mention is made of ' ' Comes de Trevisis" and 
 " Veridicus Tarvisinus " and "Comes Tarvisinus." 
 In the sub-title of the book, however, he is once 
 more designated "Trevirensis & Naygensis in 
 Germania." In the German edition of Toxites, 
 1582 (q. v.), he is called "Graf von der Mark und 
 Tervis," whereas in the French translations of the 
 Traictd de la Nature de I'Oeuf ... he is " Comte 
 de Treves, Allemand." 
 
 By Hellwig (Fasciculus, 1719, p. 164) he is 
 called Bernhardus of Trier, and Canonicus at 
 Regenspurg. 
 
 Caspar Horn (see his Vorrede, D 8 recto, 
 Schrifften, 1746, 1747), fully realized the conflicting 
 titles, and though he put on his title page "Graf 
 von der Mark und Tervis " did not attempt to solve 
 the problem. In 1780, in the German translation : 
 "Abhandlung von der Natur des (philosophischen) 
 Eyes" (A3, recto), the two statements are set 
 more positively against one another : ' ' Dieses uralte 
 und hochstseltene noch nie im Druck erschienene 
 lateinische Manuscript unter dem Titel : Tractatus 
 Generosissimi Domini Bernardi, Comitis, Marchiae 
 Trevisanae, de Natura ovata, das ist, des Herrn 
 Bernhards, Grafens von der Mark und Tervis 
 (which the editor' adopts), oder wie Hermann. 
 Condeesyanus will, Grafen von Tresne und Nay- 
 gens (welches sein Vaterland gewesen seyn soil 
 und nicbt MarchiaTrevisana)," &c., &c. 
 
 The question therefore is whether the author is a 
 German, Bernhard of Treves or Trier, or Tresne 
 and Naygens, or whether he is an Italian, of the 
 Marchia Trevisana or Tarvisana, and the confusion 
 and difficulty culminate in the French edition of 
 Denis Zachaire's Opuscule, Lyon, 1574, "Avec le 
 traict6 de venerable Docteur Allemant Messire 
 Bernard Comte de la Marche Treuisane" where he 
 seems to be both. But in the concluding para- 
 graph of the aforesaid work Trepi xwetas (p- 222), 
 quite another complexion is given to the whole 
 
 subject by what is there said, that the book was 
 composed by "Bernardo sapientissimo Philosopho 
 & Comite Tarvisino aut Treverensi, qui acquisivit 
 et subjugavit Comitatum Negensem in Germania 
 per hanc artem preciosam et nobilem." It would 
 almost require Bernhardus' own perseverance to 
 arrive at the truth of that statement. 
 
 The simplest solution of the puzzle, apparently, is 
 to assume that there are two persons, oneGerman the 
 other Italian. Hoefer, without any circumlocution, 
 says that all previous writers have confounded Ber- 
 nard de Treves and Bernard de Trevise, and his 
 evidence for asserting this is that in a MS. in the Bib- 
 liotheque Nationale there is a copy of the ' Response' 
 to Thomas de Bononia, signed Bernardus Gives 
 Trevirensis, 1385. It was first printed by Robertus 
 Vallensis in the second edition of Morienus 
 Romanus' tract De Re Metallica, Paris, 1564, with 
 the brief title, "Bernardi Trevirensis ad Thomam 
 de Bononia medicum Regis Caroli Octaui Res- 
 ponsio." This would seem to confirm what Hoefer 
 quotes, but it does not at all agree with the date 
 1385. For Charles VIII. of France only came to 
 the throne in 1483, and if Thomas de Bononia 
 were his physician, then he and his friend 
 Bernhardus Trevirensis must have been well over a 
 hundred years of age when the letter was written, 
 so that they must have possessed the stone in its 
 perfection, not only for transmuting the metals but 
 for conferring long life. The likelihood, however, 
 is that Charles VIII. is here an error or misprint 
 for Charles V. 
 
 Bernard de Trevise, on the other hand, was born 
 in 1406, and his works as given by Hoefer are : 
 De Chemia ; De chemico miraculo ; Traict6 de la 
 nature de 1'oeuf des philosophes ; La parole 
 delaisse'e ; and De la philosophic naturelle des 
 m^taux. Here Hoefer, however, has fallen into 
 the very mistake he blames in others, for he 
 ascribes to Bernard of Trevise the tract of the 
 Philosophic egg, which is according to him assigned 
 to Bernard of Treves, who lived half a century 
 or more earlier. 
 
 Hoefer 's solution has been accepted as conclusive 
 by Ladrague, and Kopp has also referred to it, 
 but without expressing his agreement. 
 
 The conclusion of the whole matter seems to be 
 that with the data at present at the historian's 
 command a definite settlement of the question has 
 not been arrived at. ' Whether we accept Hoefer's 
 explanation or some other, difficulties still remain, 
 so that it is perhaps best to put all the works under 
 Bernhardus, and specify in each case whether it 
 professes to be by Bernhard of Treves or of 
 Trevise. 
 
 Horn's ' Vorrede,' 1646, 1647. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1654, p. 45. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicee, 1699, p. 
 534 (he too notices the confusion about Bernhardus' 
 personality). 
 
 Teutsches Fegfeuer der Seheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 58. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 25, 
 26. 
 
 Niceron, MJmoires, 1730, xiii. p. 400. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metalliccs, 
 1732, p. 28. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Herm/tique, 1742, i. p. 233, iii. passim. 
 
 Abhandlung von der Natur des . . . Eyes, 
 ' Vorrede,' 1780. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 124, 488, SIQ, 588, 658, 670, 678. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 159. 
 
 (Lenglet Dufresnoy and Gmelin know of only 
 one Bernhardus.) 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 36-37. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 179. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Akhemie, 1832, p. 230. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 421, 
 438 ; and 1866, i. 445. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, Braunschweig, 
 1843, i. p. 73. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 
 Braunschweig, 1869, i. p. 131. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 826-40, 1349. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, Heidelberg, 1886, i. p. 223 
 and ii. passim. 
 
BERNOUILLIBEUTHER 105 
 
 BERNOUILLI QOHANN), Presses. 
 
 See NEBEL (WILHELM BERNHARD), respondent. 
 
 Johann Bernoulli!, the elder (1667-1748), was Lexicon, 1750, i. col. 1025. Herzog, Athens 
 professor of Mathematics at Groningen, and Rauricce, 1778, p. 373. 
 afterwards at Basel. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- 
 
 BESCHREIBUNG des grossen Geheimnisses des Steins der Weisen. 
 See v. (j. R.). 
 
 BESCHREIBUNG (EINE) von der wahren Tinctura Philosophorum, eines 
 autoris Anonymi. 
 See MOLLER (FRIEDRICH), Ternio Reliquiarum Alchymise, 1618, Sig. Dvij. 
 
 BESONDERE Curieuse Entrevue in dem Reiche der Todten zwischen den Welt- 
 bekannten Gold-Machern, dem Grafen Cajetani und dem beriihmten Baron 
 von Klettenberg, von welchen der erste in Ciistrin an einem mit goldenen 
 Lahn beschlagenen Balcken des ordinairen Diebes-Galgens, in einem von 
 dergleichen Stoff gemachten Romanischen Habit gehangen, der letzte aber 
 auf der bekanten Berg-Vestung Konigstein enthauptet worden. 
 
 In dieser erzehlen sie einander alle ihre sonderbare Lebens-Begebenheiten 
 gantz aufrichtig und machen allerhand Reflexions iiber die Alchymie und 
 ihre Wiirckungen. Zu haben in Hamburg, Hall, Leipzig und Niirnberg, 
 Anno 1721. 
 
 4. Pp. 64 including the frontispiece. It depicts the two men conversing in a 
 garden, with statues of Apollo and Minerva, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, and 
 Mercury flying overhead, to symbolize the seven metals. In the middle between the 
 statues is a furnace with a crucible, and another with a retort and receiver. In the 
 background in one corner is a gallows showing the fate of Caetano, in the other is a 
 decapitation showing that of Klettenberg. 
 
 Kopp (Die Alchemie, 1886) has given an account of Johann Hector von Klettenberg and of Caetano. 
 See also under these names respectively. 
 
 BESTUSCHEFSCHE (DIE) . . . Stahltinktur. 
 See VOGEL (RUDOLPH AUGUSTIN). 
 See GEORGI (JOHANN GOTTLIEB). 
 
 According to Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, vicino, Hermbstadt, Liphardt, Winterberger, and 
 1799, iii. p. 790) several persons investigated this Fr. Bucholz. 
 preparation besides the above : Klaproth, Buon- 
 
 BETHABOR. 
 
 See FLORETUS A BETHABOR. 
 
 BEUTHER (DAVID). 
 
 David Beuthers, Gewesenen Churfurstl. Sachsischen Probation-Meisters zu 
 Drefsden, und Philosophi Adepti, Zwey rare Chymische Tractate, darinnen 
 nicht nur alle Geheimnisse der Probier-Kunst, derer Ertze und Schmeltzung 
 derselben, sondern auch die Mogligkeit der Verwandelung, der geringen 
 Metallen in bessere, gar deutlich gezeiget werden. Aus einem alten raren, 
 von Anno 1514, bifs 1582, geschriebenen Buche zum ersten mahl in Druck 
 gegeben. Deme beygefuget dieses Autoris Universal, oder Vollkommener 
 Bericht von der wahren Alchymie. Mit allergnadigstem Privilegio. 
 Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Christian Martini. Anno 1717. 
 
io6 BEUTHER BICKER 
 
 BEUTHER (DAVID). Continued. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 218. Register [12]. Vollkommener Bericht, pp. 58. Title red and 
 black. 
 
 Mention is made of an edition of Leipzig, 1714, 8, and the author is erroneously called "Dan Beuther.' 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 ) ( 8 wanting. 
 
 Beuther's Universal und Vollkommener Bericht used them recklessly, neglected his duties, and was 
 . . . first appeared at Frankfurt, 1631, in 4, and ultimately arrested, tried, and condemned to the 
 again with the title Universal und Particularia loss of two fingers and perpetual imprisonment if 
 worinnen die Verwandlung geringer Metallen he did not disclose the process for making gold. 
 in Gold und Silber deutlich gelehret wird. Ham- On promising to do so he was allowed to work in 
 burg, 1718, 8 ; but the Beytrag (p. 612) says the laboratory once more, but having on one 
 Halle. occasion sent his assistant on a message, he took 
 The Probier-Kunst, it is said by the editor, was poison, was found unconscious on the assistant's 
 copied by a pupil of Beuther's out of his private return, and died almost immediately, 
 books and was never published before. It has The story was told by Kunckel in his post- 
 been accordingly doubted whether or not it is by humously published Laboratorium Chymicum, 
 Beuther, and Kopp only goes the length of saying Hamburg, 1716 (and 1722), chap. xli. p. 568, 
 that the book appeared under his name. and Hamb. 1767, chap. xli. p. 525 (q.v.), after- 
 David Beuther lived in the sixteenth century and wards repeated both by the supporters and 
 was an assayer at the mint at St. Annaberg. opponents of alchemy, and judged severely by 
 Having obtained some transmuting powders, he both. 
 
 Teutsches Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. what is jest and what is earnest. But did he ever 
 
 loo. know ? 
 
 Curieuse Untersuchung etlicher Mineralien . . . Adelung, Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit 
 
 1703, c. i. 10. In this account Beuther is said 1787, iv. p. 407. 
 
 to have got his ' Tincture ' from a cardinal, Kortum verteidiget die Alchimie, 1789, p. 125. 
 whereas, according to Kunckel, he found it con- Wiegleb, Historisch-Kritische Untersuchung der 
 
 cealed in a wall. Alchemic, Weimar, 1793, p. 23^. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 28. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie (1797), i. pp. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 55. 262, 294-5. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallic^, Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, pp. 156-158, 232. 
 1732, p. 29. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 
 Tharsander, Adeptus Ineptus, 1744, p. 309. 315. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 90. : L,a.6.ra.gu&,BibliothequeOuvarqf, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1870, Nos. 958-59. 
 
 pp. 247, 492, 612. Adelung complains that this Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 149, 195, 219; 
 
 account is so ironical that he does not know ii. 336. 
 
 BEYER (ALBERTUS), 
 
 Kurtze Auslegung des Fontinleins oder vierdten Theils Bernhardi. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Chymische Schrifften, 1746 (1747), p. 273. 
 
 BIBLIOTHEK (NEUE ALCHYMISTISCHE). 
 
 See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEPH WILHELM). 
 
 BIBLIOTHEQUE des Philosophes Chimiques. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), 1740. 
 
 BICKER (JOHANN). 
 
 Johannis Bickeri Dreisani, Catti, Medici Ossatiensis in Misnia ordinarii, Hermes 
 Redivivus, declarans Hygieinam, de sanitate vel bona valetudine hominis 
 conservanda, In qua omnia ex antiquse sapientiae fontibus, Hippocrate, 
 Galeno, aliisq; Grsecis & Arabibus atque Latinis deducuntur, cum Chymia- 
 trorum principiis & Paracelsi dogmatibus veris conjunguntur & methodice 
 describuntur. Giessae, Impensis Casparis Chemlini & Antonii Humm. 
 Anno M.DC.XII. 
 
 8. Pp. [29, i blank] 480 [misnumbered for 482]. The title is enclosed in a 
 woodcut border. 
 
BICKER BIRELLI 
 
 107 
 
 1654, p. 47) quotes the same edition : Hanoviae 
 apud Conradum Eifridum, 1620. Bicker also wrote 
 Chirurgia Vulnerum Hermetica, Wittebergae, 
 1647. Hendreich (Pandects Brandenburgica, 1699, 
 p. 569) spells his name Bikerus. 
 
 BICKER (JOHANN). Continued. 
 
 This work is not about Alchemy, but about 
 Sanitation. Kopp(DteAIcAemte, ii. p. 366) mentions 
 an edition, Hanau, 1620, but seems to think from 
 its somewhat misleading name that it is an 
 alchemical book. Borel (Bibliotfteca Chimica, 
 
 BIFOLIUM Metallicum. 
 
 See PANTALEON. 
 
 BILLICH (ANTON GUNTHER). 
 
 D. O. M. A. Anton. Glinther. Billickfs De Natura et Constitutione Spagyrices 
 emendatse. Exercitatio. HelmaestadI, Typis heredum Jacobi LucI, 
 
 Impensis Zachariae Raben. clo ID cXXIII. 
 
 4. No pagination. Sigs. )(2, A-G in fours; [=pp. 60]. 
 
 AntonI Guntheri BillichI FrisI Archiatri Oldenburgensis Observationum ac 
 
 Paradoxorum chymiatricorum Libri Duo : Quorum Unus medicamentorum 
 
 Chymicorum praeparatione : Alter eorundem usum succincte perspicueq; 
 
 explicat. Lugduni Batauorum. Ex officina loannis Maire. C!D ID cxxxi. 
 
 4. Pp. [i-io] 11-173 [*] The title-page is entirely engraved. 
 
 Thessalus in Chymicis Redivivus : Id est, de Vanitate Medicinse Chymicae, 
 Hermeticae, seu Spagiricae Dissertatio Fundamentalis : ex ipsismet Artis 
 Chymicae proceribus Quercetani, Beguini, Crollii, &c., deducta, abs 
 Antonio Giinthero Billichio, Illustrissimi Principis Oldenburgensis Archiatro, 
 accessit Anatomia Fermentationis Platonicse Apodictica & Paradoxologa 
 eiusdem Authoris. Francofurti ad Moenum, Impensis Johannis Beyeri, 
 Typis Casparis Rotelii. M.DC.XL. 
 
 8. Pp. 
 
 Anton Giinther Billichius was a native of East 
 Friesland, born in the latter half of the sixteenth 
 century. He studied medicine under Henning 
 Arnisasus, professor at Helmstadt, practised at 
 Jevern, and was private physician of the Count of 
 Oldenburg. He was son-in-law of Angelus Sala, 
 whom he defended from some attacks made upon 
 him, and had a controversy with Peter Lauremberg. 
 He was a good chemist and a clear expounder of 
 facts and principles for which he is commended. 
 Of the ' Thessalus ' editions of 1639 and 1643 are 
 mentioned. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 47. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 72. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687 (Schelhammer's Addit. ), p. 135. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenb-urgicce, 1699, p. 
 575- 
 
 Stahl, Zufdllige Gedanken . . . iibcr den Streit 
 von dem sogenanntcn Sulphure, 1718, pp. 13-15. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 29. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 310. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic dcr Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 783. 
 
 [16] 318. 
 
 He wrote the following in addition to the above 
 works : 
 
 De tribus chimicorum principiis et quinta 
 essentia, Bremen, 1621, 8vo. 
 
 Responsio in animadversiones quas anonymus 
 quidam in Angeli Sales aphorismos conscripsit, 
 Leyden, 1622, 8. 
 
 Assertionum chimicarum sylloge opposita latratui 
 et venenatis morsibus Petri Laurembergii, Olden- 
 burg, 1624, 4. 
 
 Petri Laurembergii deliria chymica, Bremen, 
 1625, 4. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 113. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 13. 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 563- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemte, 1797, i. pp. 585, 
 
 595- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chetnischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 120 & passim. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker t 
 1855, p. 482. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 334 (for the con- 
 troversy with Lauremberg). 
 
 BIRELLI (GlAMBATTISTA). 
 
 Alchimia Nova, Das ist, Die Giildene Kunst, Oder Aller Kiinsten Gebarerin, 
 Sampt dero heimlichen Secreten, vnzehlichen verborgenen Kindern vnd 
 Friichten. Von allerley Alchimistischen vnnd Metallischen Geschafften, 
 
io8 BIRELLIB1RKHOLZ 
 
 BIRELLI (GIAMBATTISTA). Continued. 
 
 Wassern vnnd Oelen, Bereytungen der Kalck, der Kunst zu figirn, Silber 
 vnnd Gold zumachen, Edelgesteinen, Leymen, Mixturn, vnd Spiegeln, den 
 Saltzen, der Farb vnd Mahl Kunst, auch sonst vielen lustigen kurtzweiligen 
 Kiinsten. Allen liebhabern der Kunst, Edlen vnd Vnedlen, Aertzten, 
 Alchimisten, Apoteckern, Mahlern, Goldschmieden, Jubilierern, Eyssen- 
 schmieden, Schreinern, &c., zu trewhertzigem Gefallen. Aufs dem Italianischen 
 defs Edlen vnd Vesten, Hanfs Baptiste Birelli von Senis, auff das fleissigst 
 verteutscht, durch Petrum Vffenbachium der Artzney D. vnd bestalten 
 Medicum in Franckfurt. Mit schonen vnd nohtwendigen Figuren, vnd einem 
 vollkommenen Register aller Gebiihr nach versehen. M.DC.III. Mit 
 Rom. Keyserl. Mayest. Priuilegio. Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey 
 Niclas Hoffman. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 724 (for 728), [22]. Title red and black. 17 woodcuts. 
 
 Colophon : Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Niclas Hoffman, In verlegung 
 der Paltheniorum in Franckfurt. MDCIII. 
 
 The life of Hermes with his portrait begins on translation was reissued at Franckfurt, 1654, 4, 
 
 p. 725. with a modified title-page wanting the translator's 
 
 Birelli was a native of Sienna. The Italian name, and there is mentioned also a Latin transla- 
 
 original was published in his Opere, Fiorenza, 1601, tion, Copenhagen, 1654, 4. 
 4, and also in 1602, 1661, 4. Uffen bach's 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce, 1699, Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern C/ieinie, 1785, 
 
 p. 583 (mentions editions : Bonon. 1600 ; Florent. p. 586. 
 
 1602, 4. He also quotes by Birelli: "De Vita Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 299, 
 
 Hermetis Trismegisti Italice "). 502. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 27. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicee, 25), ii. p. 266. 
 
 1732, p. 30 (only the above edition is given). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 355. 
 
 BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR). 
 
 Die ganze hohere Chemie und Naturwissenschaft in allgemeinen Grundsatzen, 
 nach den drei Uranfangen und Grundkraften der ganzen Natur. Aus dem 
 Lateinischen iibersetzt, mit beigefugten Anmerkungen von AdaMah Booz. 
 Leipzig, bei Johann Friedrich Junius, 1787, 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 366. 
 
 This volume contains : Anrede an die Sbhne der Wahrheit iiber das 
 
 Nuysement, Abhandlung vom wahren geheimen Philosophische Rathsel, p. 335. 
 
 Sake der Weisen und vom allgemeinen Weltgeiste, Gleichnifs oder Philosophisches Rathsel, p. 338. 
 
 p. i. Gesprach, zwischen dem Merkur, einem Alchem- 
 
 Sendivogius, Abhandlung vom Schwefel, p. 203. isten und der Natur, p. 346. 
 
 Sendivogius, Abhandlung vom Mercur, p. 283. 
 
 Auszug aus . . . Werken . . . des . . . adepten Hermann Fictulds. 
 See H. (j. C.), Von der Natur und Kunst, 1781. 
 
 Birkholz, who under the contracted (?) pseudo- translations of medical works from English, French, 
 
 nym of AdaMah Booz wrote or edited several and Latin. He also published an edition of 
 
 works, is called by some Adam Melchior and by Wienner's Splendor Lucis, 1785 (q.v.). He died 
 
 others Adam Michael. If these persons are at Leipzig, ist July, 1818, though the Biographie 
 
 identical, then Birkholz was a physician, born Nov. Mtdicale says at Prettin. 
 
 23, 1746, at Prettin, practised at Leipzig, wrote I am not quite convinced, however, that Birk- 
 
 some books and dissertations on physico-medical holz bore indifferently the name Michael or 
 
 subjects, a guide from Cicero for the better writing Melchior as Kopp implies. 
 Latin in connection with medicine, and made 
 
 F. A. Weiz, Das gelehrte Sachsen, 1780, p. 20. Poggendorff, Biographisch- Utter arisches Hand- 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, 1796, i. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 201. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 1806-08, p. 513. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 125, 1124, 1465, 1511, 1518-19. 
 
 Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 209; ii. p. 209; 
 
 25), ii. p. 266. ii. p. 222, etc. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 595. 
 
BIRRIUSBLANKAART 109 
 
 BIRRIUS (MARTIN). 
 
 Tres Tractatus de Metallorum Transmutatione. Quid singulis contineatur, 
 sequens pagina indicat. Incognito Auctore. Adjuncta est Appendix 
 Medicamentorum Antipodagricorum & Calculifragi. Quae omnia ad bonum 
 publicum promovendum nunc primum in lucem edi curavit Martinus 
 Birrius, Philosophise & Medicinse Doctor, Practicus Amstelodamensis, apud 
 quern Medicamenta ista reperiuntur. Amstelodami Apud Johannem 
 Janssonium a Waesberge & Viduam Elizei Weyerstraet. clDlocLXiix. 
 8. Pp. [15, i blank] no. 2 blank. 
 
 This volume contains tracts ascribed to Phila- Manuductio ad Rnbinum Coelestem, p. 51 ; and 
 lethes : De Metallorum metamorphosi, p. i ; Brevis Fans Chemica Philosophies, p. 88. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Birrius was a physician in Amsterdam, who experimented in Chemistry and exhibited certain 
 substances to Morhof who describes them. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . Jacob Leupolds Podromus Bibliotheca Metallic^, 
 
 Epistola, 1673, p. 20. 1732, p. 30. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 12- 
 
 1697, p. 40, No. Ixiii. 18. 
 
 BLAINVILLE. 
 
 See DUCROTAY DE BLAINVILLE. 
 
 BLANCOURT. 
 
 See HAUDICQUER DE BLANCOURT. 
 
 BLANKAART (STEVEN). 
 
 Die neue Heutiges Tages gebrauchliche Scheide-Kunst, oder Chimia nach den 
 Griinden des fiirtreflichen Cartesii und des Alcali und Acidi eingerichtet 
 Durch Steph. Blancart Ph. & Med. Doct. und weltberiihmter Pract. in 
 Amsterdam. 
 
 Hippocrates de Veteri Medicina xxiv. 
 In des Menschen Leibe sind bitter, salzige, siisse, sauere, herbe, fliessende 
 
 und andere unendliche Dinge. 
 Hannover und Wolffenbuttel, Verlegts Gottfried Freytag, Buchhandl. Im 
 
 Jahr 1697. 
 
 8. Pp. 179 [n]. Title black and red. 3 woodcuts. 
 
 Other editions, Hannover, 1708, WolffenbiiUel, 1718. This is a book of Practical Chemistry, 
 published in Flemish, 1678, 8. 
 
 Neuscheinende Praxis der Medicinae, worinn angewiesen wird, dafs alle 
 Krankheiten eine Verdikkung des Bluts und der Saffte sind, und blofs 
 von Sauer und Schleim entstehen : Ein Werk von grosser Curiositat und 
 Nutzbarkeit, dergleichen niemahlen, so lange die Welt gestanden, an das 
 Tage-Licht gekommen ist ; Anitzo aber wegen grossen Abgang der Exemplarien, 
 wieder auffs neu gedrukkt und abgetheilet in Drey Theile, herausgegeben 
 durch Steph. Blankard, Med. Doct. und Pract. in Amsterdam. Aus der 
 Holland, in unsere Mutter-Sprache ubersetzet von G. H. W. Med. Doct. 
 Hannover und Wolffenbuttel, Verlegts Gottfried Freytag, Buchhandler. 
 
 1700. 
 
 8. Pp. 766. Frontispiece not included. Title red and black. 
 
 This is not a book about Chemistry, but about Practical Medicine. It appeared in Latin, Amstel. 
 1685, 8, and in German, Hannov. 1689, 8. 
 
110 
 
 BLANK A ART BLA WEN 
 
 BLANKAART (STEVEN). Continued. 
 
 D. Stephan Blancards Theatrum Chimicum, oder Eroffneter Schau-Platz und 
 Thiir zu den Heimligkeiten in der Scheide-Kunst, nebenst einer 
 Vermehrung wie die geringen Metallen und gemeinen Steine zu verbessern 
 sind, durch Kenelm. Digby. Leipzig, bey Thomas Fritsch, 1700. 
 8. Pp. [6] 472 [48]. Frontispiece and 9 plates. Title red and black. 
 
 Digby's treatise has a half-title and separate signatures and pagination : 
 Vermehrung des Theatri Chimici, oder der eroffneten Thiir zum Heimligkeiten in 
 
 der Scheide-Kunst. Sonderlich wie die geringen Metallen und Steine in bessere 
 
 Materien zu verwandeln sind. Durch Kenelmus Digby, Rittern. 
 
 PP- 155- [sl 
 
 Other editions are of 1693, 1708 ; and an edition : 
 Amsterdam, 1680, 8, and one: Leipzig, 1694, are 
 mentioned. 
 
 Steven Blankaart, son of Nikolaas Blankaart, 
 was born at Middelburg, 24th Oct., 1650. After 
 attending school he was put under an apothecary 
 to learn Botany and Chemistry. He passed to the 
 University, where he became Dr. Phil, and Med., 
 i8th Dec., 1674. He settled as physician in 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgicce, 1699, p. 
 
 593- 
 
 Rolh-Schollz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 29. 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. i. p. 314. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Histoire der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 333 & passim. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 
 
 1732, p. 30. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 115. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 636. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 630. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 441. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mldecine, 
 1778, i. p. 352. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practice, 1779,, iii. 
 
 P- 43<5. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. no. 
 
 Amsterdam, married, and had two sons, Willem, 
 who became a lawyer, and Steven, who was a poet. 
 Blankaart was the author of several treatises on 
 Medicine, Surgery, and Pharmacy, and his collected 
 works appeared at Leyden in 1701. His Lexicon 
 Medicum Grceco latinum, Amst. 1679, 8, passed 
 through a number of editions. Notes also on 
 Lancilotti's Brandende Salamander are said to be 
 written by him. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 645- . 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 231. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertoriiim, 1806-08, pp. 209, 213, 221. 
 
 Biographie AJtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 280. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mide- 
 cine, 1824, i. p. 414. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 pp. 107, 390, 461, 566. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 462. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1854, U- " P- 5^6. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 271. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wdrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 209. 
 
 Kopp, Die A Ic hemie, 1886, ii. p. 341. 
 
 BLAUENSTEIN (SALOMON DE). 
 
 Interpellatio brevis ad Philosophos pro Lapide Philosophorum. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 113. 
 
 This, which is a reply to the attack upon 
 Alchemy by Athanasius Kircher (q. v.), was 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . 
 Epistola, 1673, pp. 32, 87 (regards the name as 
 fictitious). 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 954. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 329. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 
 originally published : Biennse apud Bernates, 
 typis Desiderii Suizii, 1667, in small 4. 
 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 123 (says it is a 
 curieux '). 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 572. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 163. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichle der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 413. 
 
 BLAWEN (ANDREAS DE). 
 
 Epistola scripta ad Petrum Andream Matthiolum de auro potabili. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus, 1624, p. 76. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, VI. p. 458. 
 
 Andreas de Blawen is mentioned as a skilful 
 experimenter by Borrichius, Dissertationes (Diss. 
 de Menstruis Chemicorum), Hafnise, 1714, ii. 
 
 p. 226. Borel (Bibliotheca Chemica, 1654, p. 48), 
 calls the aulhor Blaum or de Blauen. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliothequc Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1002. 
 
EL UMLEINBOHME 1 1 1 
 
 BLUMLEIN daraus der Stein der Weisen wachset. 
 See ZWEYEN (Von den) Bliimlein. . . . 
 
 BLUT (DAS) der Natur. 
 
 See SCHWARTZFUS (Anonymus von). 
 See BRUMMET (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheqiie Ouvaro/, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1279-81. 
 
 BOHME (JACOB). 
 
 Idea Chemiae Bohmianse Adepts, das ist : ein kurtzer Abrifs der Bereitung 
 defs Steins der Weisen, nach Anleitung defs Jacobi Bohm. Wie auch eine 
 Schutz-Schrifft wegen Bohm, und seiner Schrifften. Amsterdam, Anno 
 M DC XC. 
 
 12. Pp. 120. 
 
 The present work is described as an extract Kopp speaks of an edition at Amsterdam, 1680, 
 from the writings of the 'Teutonic philosopher' and of several others subsequently, 
 in which is ' briefly described the preparation of 
 the great wonder stone of the wise men.' 
 
 Jacob Bohms kurtze und deutliche Beschreibung des Steins der Weisen, nach 
 seiner Materia, aus welcher er gemachet, nach seinen Zeichen und Farbe, 
 welche im Werck erscheinen, nach seiner Kraft und Wiirckung, und wie 
 lange Zeit darzu erfordert wird, und was insgemein bey dem Werck in 
 acht zu nehmen, deme noch beygefugt eine Schutz-Schrift seiner Schriften. 
 Amsterdam, 1747. 
 
 8. Pp. 91 [5, list of chemical works]. 
 
 A new edition of the preceding work. Schmieder 1747 editions only, and adds : ' it cannot have been 
 
 in referring to this edition calls the author Johann. with Mr. Bohm's will that he has been transformed 
 
 Jacob Bohm or Bohme (1575-1624), the shoe- into a gold spyer. He was a dreamer and a spirit 
 
 maker of Gbrlitz, 'Teutonicus Philosophus,' was seer, but a gold maker certainly not. His dark 
 
 the author of a number of works on mystical writings, like those of the cabalists and theosophists, 
 
 theology. He was not an alchemist, but he turned the heads of the Alchemists, so that they 
 
 employed alchemical phraseology and imagery to dreamed their system into it.' 
 
 illustrate his religious views. The chief book on the connection of Bohme with 
 
 The author of the Beytrag quotes the 1690 and the Alchemists is that by G. C. Adolf von Harless. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. U3 Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narrheit, 
 recto ; i8th Nov., 1624. Leipzig, 1786, ii. pp. 220-255. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptontm Chemicorum, Ersch u. Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopddie, 1823, 
 
 1697. P 34- xi - PP- 170-176- 
 
 Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractates, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 
 1700, p. 361. 546. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian, liter- Vaughan, Hours with the Mystics, 1856, ii. pp. 
 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. pp. 418-430. 54-97. 339-35- 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 30. Stock!, Geschichle der Philosophic des Mittelalters, 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, Lubecse, 1732, i. p. 92 ; ii. 1866, iii. pp. 569-608. 
 
 p. 166 ; iii. pp. 554, 555. G. C. Adolf von Harless, Jakob Bohme und die 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexikon, 1733, iv. col. 356. Alchemisten, Berlin, 1870, 8. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historie, Schaff- Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/', Sciences 
 
 hausen, 1741, Tom. II. pp. 258-282, etc., etc. ; Secretes, 1870, Nos. 2-40, 41-56, 1216-19. 
 
 Tom. III. ii. pp. 77-89. Punjer, Geschichte der Christlichen Religions- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie philosophic sett der Reformation, 1880, i. pp. 180- 
 
 Hermttique, Paris, 1742, iii. p. 124. 193 ; English translation, 1887, p. 243. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophic?, Lips. Classen, Jakob Bohme. Sein Leben und seine 
 
 I 743, IV. i. pp. 695-706 and vi. p. 788. theosophischen Werke, 1885. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , Leipzig Kopp.DieAlcAemie, 1886, i. p. 212; ii. p. 181, sqq. 
 
 1750, i. col. 1170. Moriz Carriere, Die Philosophische Weltan- 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, schauung der Reformationszeit, 1887, 2nd Ed. , i. 
 
 pp. 522, 642, 670. pp. 310-419. 
 
112 
 
 BOERHAA VE 
 
 BOERHAAVE (HERMANN). 
 
 Elementa Chemiae, quae anniversario labore docuit in publicis, privatisque, 
 scholis, Hermannus Boerhaave. Tomus Primus. Qui continet Historiam 
 et Artis Theoriam. Cum Tabulis Aeneis. [Vignette.] Lugduni Bata- 
 vorum, Apud Isaacum Severinum. M.D.CCXXXII. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 896 (423-4 wanting). Index [40]. 17 plates and explanations. 
 Tomus Secundus. Qui continet Operationes Chemicas. 
 Pp. [8] 538. Index [46]. 
 
 Plate 6 wanting. 
 
 This edition is authenticated by Boerhaave's signature on the verso of the title page 
 of vol. i. There is said to have been an 8 edition of the same date. 
 
 Hermanni Boerhaave, Philos. et Med. Doct. in Academia Lugduno-Batava 
 Medicinse Professoris Celeberrimi, Academ. Reg. Scientiar. Parisiensis et 
 Societ. Reg. Londinensis Socii, Opuscula Omnia, quas hactenus in lucem 
 prodierunt. Ea quidem prius sparsim edita, nunc vero in unum collecta 
 atque digesta. Horum Catalogus sequente pagina exhibetur. Hagae- 
 Comitis, Apud Johannem Neaulme, M.DCC.XXXVIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [4] 139 [i blank]. 
 
 No. V. in this collection is the address : ' De 
 Chemii suos errores expurgante,' which he de- 
 livered when he became professor of chemistry at 
 Leyden, 21 Septr. , 1718, and in which he shows 
 that the vagaries of the alchemists, the theories of 
 fermentation and effervescence, the fixing and 
 weighing of fire, the acid and alkali theory in 
 physiology and medicine all the errors that the 
 chemists of one period fell into have been corrected 
 by the subsequent investigations of chemists them- 
 selves. 
 
 Boerhaave (1668-1738) was professor of medicine 
 and botany from 1709, and of chemistry from 1718, 
 at the university of Leyden. He was the most 
 distinguished teacher of his time, and a man of 
 immense and varied learning in languages, philo- 
 sophy, theology, mathematics, botany, chemistry, 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, passim. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 122. 
 
 W. Burton : An account of the Life and Writ- 
 ings of H. Boerhaave, London, 1743 ; 2nd edition, 
 1746. 
 
 Chaufepie, Nouvelle Dictionnaire historique, 
 1750, ii. (letter B), pp. 337-355- 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 
 
 1755, pp. 159-175 ; 1778, i. P. 37- 
 
 A new and general Biographical Dictionary, 
 1761, ii. p. 257. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. 96. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 756. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. 583. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 34. 
 
 Haller, Bibl. Medicines practice, 1788, iv. p. 142 
 & sqq. The whole of Lib. xii. has Boerhaave's 
 name. 
 
 Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheidekunst , 
 1788, i. p. 200. 
 
 De Chalmot, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1798-1800; iii. pp. 205-30. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 
 82-101. 
 
 Jon. Wilhelm Te Water : Narratio de rebus 
 
 anatomy, and medicine. One of his most im- 
 portant works is the treatise on chemistry, which 
 was based on notes of his lectures, but was 
 afterwards revised by himself. 
 
 The earliest form of the work has the title : 
 Institutiones et Experimenta Chemia, Parisiis, 
 1724, 2 vols., small 8. 
 
 In English there followed a translation : A New 
 Method of Chemistry, by Peter Shaw and E. 
 Chambers, London, 1727, 4 ; 2d edition, London, 
 1741, 2 vols. 4 ; 3d edition, London, 1753. 
 
 The Elements of Chemistry appeared at London, 
 1732, 8 ; and another translation by Tim. Dallowe, 
 London, 1735, 2 vols. 4. 
 
 A German translation, ' Anfangsgrtinde der 
 Chymie, 3 Th. was published at Berlin, 1762, 8. 
 
 AcademieB Lugduno-Batava, seculo octavo et decimo, 
 prosperis et adversis, Lugd. Bat., 1802, pp. 28-32. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 212. 
 
 Biographie mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. pp. 323-335. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1812, v. p. 495. 
 
 Krsch und Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopddie 
 1823, xi. 271. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. 
 p. 222 & passim. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- 
 cine, 1828, i. p. 425. 
 
 Matthijs Siegenbeck, Geschiedenis der Leid'sche 
 Hoogeschool van hare oprigting in 1575 tot 1825, 
 Leiden, 1832. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 376 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 368. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 197 & 
 passim. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1854, II. ii. p. 726 (and references). 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Afe"dicale, 1855, ii. 
 
 P- 139- 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 1869, x. p. 15. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 596, 1215. 
 
BOERHAA VEBOLLINGER 
 
 BOERHAAVE (HERMANN). Continued. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1881, ii. pp. 208-10, 
 and Series, 1897, ii. pp. 511-13 (and the references). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 496, 
 & passim. (See his authorities. ) 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervor- 
 ragenden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Vdlker, 1884, i. 
 pp. 504-9 (article by Max Salomon). 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. 75, 80, 249 ; ii. 311. 
 
 BOHN (JOHANN). 
 
 D. Job. Bohn, Professoris in Academia Lipsiensi Publici, Dissertationes 
 Chymico-Physicae, quibus accedunt ejusdem Tractatus, de Aeris in Sub- 
 lunaria Influxu, et De Alcali et Acidi Insufficient. Lipsiae, Apud J. 
 Thomam Fritsch. 1696. > 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 554. Index [22]. 
 
 Appendix Processuum Chymicorum in Jo. Franc. Vigani Medullam Chemise. 
 See VIGANI (JOH. FRANC.), Medulla Chymiae, 1718. 
 
 Bohn, or Bohne, was born at Leipzig in 1640, 
 studied there and at Jena, travelled widely, gradua- 
 ted at Leipzig in 1665, became professor of 
 anatomy and then of therapeutics, filled several 
 academic and professional posts, was the senior 
 professor, carried on a learned correspondence, 
 and published a number of works on medicine and 
 surgery and on chemistry. But the course of 
 chemistry delivered in 1679 was not published, 
 much to Stahl's regret, as he considered it superior 
 to Rolfinck's. He celebrated his golden wedding 
 on 20 Jany., 1718, and died Dec. 19 of that year. 
 Of seventeen children but two survived him. 
 
 He was a distinguished physiologist, and was 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 544, 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgica, 1699, 
 p. 625. 
 
 Stahl, ZttfdUige Gedanken . . . fiber den Streit, 
 Ton dem sogenannten Svlphure, 1718, p. 15 (French 
 translation, 1766, p. 6). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 30. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 343, who calls him ' Decus Academias 
 Lipsiensis eximium.' 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 509 & passim. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 124. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, 
 I. col. 1190. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, 1751, i. 
 
 P- 5 2 5- 
 
 opposed to the latrochemical school, and he laid 
 the foundation of a scientific treatment of forensic 
 medicine. Every one speaks of Bohn in the 
 highest terms. 
 
 Besides the Dissertationes he wrote Epistola ad 
 D. Jo'elem Langelottum de Alcali & Acidi insuffi- 
 cientia pro principiorum seu elementorum corporum 
 naturalium munere gerendo, Lipsise, 1675, 8. 
 
 Meditationes Physico-Chymica de Aeris in Sub - 
 lunaria inftuxu, Lipsiae, 1678, 8, both included 
 afterwards in the Dissertationes. 
 
 Of the Dissertationes there was an edition, Lips. 
 1685, 4. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 
 
 403-5- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 497. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 389, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practice, 1779, iii. 
 pp. 87-91 (contains a list of his academic disserta- 
 tions and laudatory notices of certain of his works). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 24. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 168. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Medicin, 1827, iv. p. 
 112 & passim. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. 
 
 P- 539- 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 303 
 
 & passim. 
 
 BOLLINGER (ULRICH). 
 
 Elegia De Vera Antiqua Philosophica Medicina, Scripta a M. Ulrico Bollingero 
 ad Dn. Osvaldum Crollium, Medico-chymicum felicissimum, &c. 
 
 Pp. 1-8. 
 
 Encomium Wetterae Athenarum Hassiae Scriptum ab M. Ulrico Bollingero P. L. 
 Pp. [9]-20, [ij. The verso of 9, which is blank, is not counted at all. 
 
 Colophon : Lipsise, Sumtibus Gotofredi Grossi Bibliopolse. Exprimebat Joannes 
 Albertus Minzelius, Anno MDCXXXIV. 
 
 Bellinger was Poet Laureate of Wirtemberg (?), Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 49. 
 and wrote several poems. The first of the above Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgica, 1699, 
 enumerates the chemists from Hermes to Crollius. p. 632. 
 
 H 
 
114 
 
 BOLNESTBONTIUS 
 
 BOLNEST (EDWARD). 
 
 Medicina Instaurata, or : A Brief Account of the true Grounds and Principles 
 of the Art of Physick. With the Insufficiency of the Vulgar way of Preparing 
 Medicines, and the Excellency of such as are made by Chymical Operation. 
 Whereto is added, a short, but plain Discourse, as a Light to the true 
 Preparation of Animal and Vegetable Arcana's. Together with a Discovery 
 of the true Subject of the Philosophick Mineral Mercury, and that from the 
 Authorities of the most Famous of Philosophers. As also some small light 
 to the Preparation and use of the said Mercury, in the dissolution of Minerals 
 and Metals, for a Physical Use. By Edward Bolnest, Med. Lond. Also 
 an Epistolary Discourse upon the whole, by the author of Medela Medicinae. 
 London, printed for John Starkey at the Mitre within Temple-Barr. 1665. 
 8. Pp. [31, i blank], 151 [i blank]. 
 
 Haller has a slight variation on the title : 
 
 Chemia medicina illustrata, or the true grounds 
 and principles of the art of physick, London, 1665, 
 8. The date is imperfectly printed, the 6 being 
 all but omitted. Gmelin, following Haller, repeats 
 
 Aurora Chymica. Sive Rationalis Methodus Praeparandi Animalia, Vegetabilia, 
 & Mineralia Ad usum Medicum. Quarum Praeparationum beneficio ex 
 illis fiunt efficacissima, tutissima & gratissima medicamenta ad Praeserva- 
 tionem & Restaurationem Vitse humanae. Authore Eduardo Bolnesto. 
 Med. Reg. Brit. Ord. Hamburgii, Impensis Johannis Naumanni & 
 Georgii Wolffii. 1675. 
 
 8. Pp. fio] 134. Title red and black. 
 
 his title, but in completing the imperfect date, 
 calls it 1605, instead of 1665. The author of the 
 "Epistolary Discourse" was Marchamont Needham 
 or Nedham. Haller also mentions a Latin version, 
 without date. 
 
 The English edition was published at London, 
 1672, 8, pp. [16] 146 [2], 
 
 Beyond the enumeration of his books, nothing 
 seems to have been recorded about Bolnest. The 
 English preface is dated from Queen-street, near 
 Guild-hall, London, March 26, 1672. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgicce, 1699, p. 
 664. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 31. 
 
 Jacob Leupol<s Prodromns Bibliothecce Metallicce, 
 1732, p. 31, mentions the 1675 edition only. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Sofanica, 1771, i. p. 565. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina' Practices, 1777, ii. 
 P. 377 I 1779, "i- P- 329- 
 
 BOLOGNA. 
 
 See ANTIDOTARIUM Bononiense. 
 
 BONONIA. 
 
 See ANTIDOTARIUM. 
 
 BONTIUS QACOBUS). 
 Medicina Indorum. 
 
 See ALPINUS (PROSPER), 1719. 
 
 Jacob Bontius, son of Gerard Bontius, professor 
 of medicine at Ley den, was born there, and not at 
 Rotterdam, as is said. In 1627, he went to the 
 East and travelled in Persia, India and Java, where 
 he lived for some years acting as chief physician to 
 the Government. He studied the diseases of the 
 country and their treatment, but devoted himself 
 
 By Hendreich he is called Bornestus, and only 
 the above edition is mentioned. 
 
 Haller quotes, besides the above, an edition in 
 Latin of 1672, as well as that in English, but is of 
 opinion that the work is a good deal earlier. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 510. 
 
 Allibone, Dictionary of English. Literature. 1859, 
 i. p. 216 (merely says " Professional works," 
 Lond. 1665-72). 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1894, xl. pp. 
 159-164 (article on Marchamont Needham, by 
 C. N. Firth). 
 
 also to botany and natural history, and wrote 
 several works on these subjects, all of which are 
 still considered of value. The species Bontia was 
 named after him. His death has been placed in 
 1631, but he seems to have been alive as late as 
 1642. 
 
BONTIUS BONUS 
 
 115 
 
 BONTIUS (JACOBUS). Continued. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 476. 
 Hendreich, Pandectae Brandenburgicae, 1699, 
 
 P- 655- 
 
 Mangel, Bibhotheca Scriptorum Medicoritm, 
 1731. I. i. p. 366. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinsches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, p. 
 
 I 3 1 - 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1243. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 464. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 336. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina Practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 683. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la M6decine, 
 1778, i. p. 405. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 379 (laudatory notice). 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arxneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 pp. 512, 588. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Diet, historique de la Mtdecine, 1831, 
 I. ii. p. 454. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 
 P. 385- 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 
 Nederlanden, 1854, II. ii. p. 836. 
 
 BONUS (PETRUS). 
 
 M. Petri Boni Lombard! Ferrariensis Physici & Chemici excellentiss. Intro- 
 ductio in Artem Chemise integra, ab ipso authore inscripta Margarita Preciosa 
 Novella. Composita ante annos plus minus ducentos septuaginta. Nunc, 
 multis mendis sublatis, comodiore, quam antehac, forma edita, & indice 
 rerum ad calcem adornata. Montisbeligardi. Apud lacobum Foillet. 
 
 M.DC.IL 
 
 8. Pp. [20] 398. Index [12]. 
 
 The work professes to have been written in 
 1 33-39 at Pla in Istria. The author was a 
 Master of Arts, was convinced of the truth of 
 Alchemy which he defended from the attacks made 
 in his time, and maintained that the real way had 
 been shown by Geber. Gesner, followed by Morhof, 
 makes him coaeval with Lully. Nazari calls him 
 in one place Fertarien : (sic), but in another 
 Florensis, which presumably is a slip. 
 
 Mazzuchelli, however, drawing from apparently 
 good sources, calls him Pietro Antonio Boni, says 
 he lived in 1494, was a physician who was skilled 
 in philosophy and took delight in Alchemy and 
 wrote Rationes pro Alchimia et contra, which was 
 included in Lacinius 1 collection of 1546, and has 
 been criticised by Hoefer, because in the first 
 chapter he proves that alchemy is not true, and in 
 the second that it is. He is identical with Pietro 
 
 Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Sogni tre, 1599, pp. 
 136, 142. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 50. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . 
 Epistola, 1673, p. 131. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgicce , 1699, p. 
 
 655- 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 31. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 HermMque, 1742, i. p. 220 ; iii. p. 125. 
 
 Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittorid' Italia, 1762, II. parte 
 iii. p. 1637. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 116. 
 
 Boni Lombardo Ferrarese of the present work. 
 These accounts, however, obviously do not tally. 
 In the British Museum Catalogue this work is 
 ascribed to Pietro Buono Avogario. See the note 
 on LACINIUS. 
 
 The first edition of the Margarita was edited by 
 Lacinius, Venice, Aldus, 1546, 8 ; thereafter, 
 Nurnberg, 1554, 8 ; Basel, 1572, 4 ; Strasburg, 
 1608, 8. 
 
 The De Secreto omnium secrttorum Dei dono is 
 contained in Lacinius' collection, Basel, 1572, as 
 well as his Epistola. An English translation from 
 the edition of 1546, with a prefatory notice, was 
 made by Arthur E. Waite : The New Pearl of 
 Great Price, A treatise concerning the treasure and 
 most precious Stone of the Philosophers, London, 
 1894, 8, pp. xi. [i blank] 441 [3]. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAtmie, 1785, 
 
 P- 576. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 55, 
 
 56. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 
 1807, V. parte i. p. 221. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 
 183. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chemie, 1842, i. p. 412 ; 
 1866, i. p. 436. 
 
 Ladrague,2?z W*0Afc<Vf Ouvaro/, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. looi. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 350, 374. 
 
 Epistola. 
 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, fol. 132. 
 
 Brief. 
 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 323. 
 
 Margarita pretiosa novella, qua? est investigatio artis alchemiae. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 507. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. i. 
 
1 16 BONUS BOREL 
 
 BONUS (PETRUS). Continued. 
 
 Pretiosa Margarita Novella ex concordantiis Sapientum collecta, de thesauro 
 & Lapide philosophorum. 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, fol. i. 
 
 Neu-erfundene kostbare Perle aus denen Schrifften der Weisen zusammen 
 getragen von dem Schatz und Steine der Weisen. 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 41. 
 This is different from the preceding. 
 
 BONVOISIN. 
 
 See BUONVICINO (BENEDETTO). 
 
 BOOZ (ADAMAH). 
 
 See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR). 
 
 BORCH (OLE). 
 
 See BORRICHIUS (OLAUS). 
 
 BOREL (PIERRE). 
 
 Bibliotheca Chimica. Seu Catalogus Librorum Philosophicorum Hermeticorum 
 in quo quatuor millia circiter, Authorum Chimicorum, vel de transmutatione 
 Metallorum, re Minerali, & Arcanis, tam manuscriptorum, quam in lucem 
 editorum, cum eorum editionibus, vsque ad annum 1653. continentur. Cum 
 eiusdem Bibliothecse Appendice, & Corollario. Authore Petro Borellio 
 Castrensi, Medico Doctore, Parisiis, Apud Carolum Du Mesnil, via 
 lacobea, ad Insigne Samaritanae iuxta Sanctum luonem. Et Thomam lolly, 
 via Veteris Enodationis juxta terminum Pontis D. Michaelis, sub Scuto 
 Hollandico. M. DC. LTV. Cum Priuilegio Regis. 
 
 24. Pp. [12] 276. 
 
 De Curationibus Sympatheticis. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 526. 
 
 Borel was born at Castres about 1620, studied Abre'ge' de la Vie de Descartes, Paris, 1656, 8 ; 
 
 medicine at Montpellier, and began practice at in English, London, 1670, 16. 
 
 Castres in 1641. In 1653 he went to Paris, and Besides these he left a considerable number in 
 
 about 1654 was appointed physician to the king. manuscript which were never published, not to 
 
 During his whole life he had ardently pursued the speak of those which he had planned, but had only 
 
 study of natural history, chemistry, optics, astro- partially executed. Among them were some on 
 
 nomy, antiquities, philology, bibliography ; he col- the history of Chemistry, and one cannot but 
 
 lected a museum, and wrote several books of which regret that the author was unable to complete and 
 
 the most important are : publish them. They would have contributed to 
 
 Tresor de Recherches et Antiquite'z Gauloises et our knowledge of the subject. 
 
 Fran9oises, Paris, 1655, 4 ; reprint, Niort, 1882, There is some doubt as to the date of Borel's 
 
 2 vols., 8. death ; some place it in 1671, but others in 1689. 
 
 Antiquite's de Castres, Castres, 1649, 8. Borel was a man of comprehensive knowledge, 
 
 Observationes Medico-physicas, Castres, 1653, unwearied energy, and remarkable insight into the 
 
 Paris, 1656, 8. subjects he discussed. His Bibliotheca Chimica 
 
 Hortus seu armamentarium simplicium, . . . was the first of its kind, and though it labours 
 
 Castres, 1666, 8. under considerable defects, and is imperfect in 
 
 Discours prouvant la Pluralite" des Mondes, execution, it is not without its use even now for the 
 
 Geneve, 1657, 8; in English, London, 1658, 1660, older literature, and is familiar to those concerned 
 
 12. with it. There was a reprint of it in the same size 
 
 Tractatus de vero telescopii inventore . . . His- and style, Heidelberg, 1656. 
 
 toria, Hagas-Com., 1655, 4. I discussed Borel's life and works in a monograph 
 
 ObservationummicroscopicarumCenturia,Hagas- read to the Philosophical Society of Glasgow in 
 
 Com. , 1656, 4. 1897. It is not yet published. 
 
BORELBORRI 
 
 117 
 
 BOREL (PIERRE). Continued. 
 
 Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice Dis- 
 sertatio, 1668, p. 143. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . 
 Epistola, 1673, P- IJ 5- 
 
 Konig, Bibliotheca Velus et Nova, 1678, p. 125. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 881. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgica;, 1699, 
 p. 660. 
 
 Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tra.cta.tus, 
 1700, p. 433- 
 
 J. M. Faustius, Philaletha lllustralus, 1706, c 8 
 recto (Prasfatio Wedelii). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 31. 
 
 Stolle, Ankitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 1727, p. 109 ; p. 408. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metal- 
 licce, 1732, p. 32 (gives a list of the Chemical 
 sections in Borel's Observationes). 
 
 Niceron. Mtmoires, 1736, xxxvi. p. 218. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 134- 
 
 Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire Historiquc et 
 Critique, 1750, ii. p. 403 (letter B). 
 
 Astruc, Traitt des Maladies des Femines, 1761, 
 ii. p. 183. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 449. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 412. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 549- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 665 ; 
 1798, ii. p. 204. 
 
 Condorcet, Eloges des Acadtmiciens . , . mart 
 depuis I'an 1666 jusquen 1790, 1799, i. p. 180. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1801, i. pp. 182, 
 199 ; 1802, ii. p. 93. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 158. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1812, vi. p. 106. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1843, v. p. 76. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1862, vi. col. 697. 
 
 Les Antiquitls de Castres de . . . Borel publiies 
 par Ch, Pradel, Paris, 1868 (introductory notice of 
 Borel). 
 
 Dictionnaire Encydopedique des Sciences Mddi- 
 cales, 1869, x. p. 93. 
 
 BORMES. 
 
 Epitre a Messieurs Les Savans et Amateurs en Chymie. Pour servir de 
 Reponse a un article des Elemens d'Histoire-Naturelle & de Chymie de 
 M. de Fourcroy; suivie de plusieurs Memoires, sur des operations nouvelles 
 & curieuses en Chymie. Par M. le Baron de Bormes. A Bruxelles, et 
 se trouve a Paris, Chez Hardouin & Gattey, Libraire de S. A. S. Madame la 
 Duchesse d'Orleans, au Palais-Royal, numeros 13 & 14. M.DCC.LXXXVII. 
 8. Pp. [4, frontispiece included], 145 [i blank], 2 folding plates. 
 
 Bormes wrote "Decouvertes sur Tether marin, Metallica, p. 53. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 
 fait par 1'intermede du zinc." Reuss, Reper- 1799. iii. p. 454. 
 torium Commentationum, 1803, Chemia, et Res 
 
 BORNETTUS (DUNCANUS). 
 See BURNET (DUNCAN). 
 
 BORRI (GIOSEPPE FRANCESCO). 
 
 La Chiave del Gabinetto del Cavagliere Gioseppe Francesco Borri Milanese. 
 Col favor della quale si vedono varie Lettere scientifiche, chimiche, e 
 curiosissime con varie Istruzioni Politiche, ed altre cose degne di curiosita, 
 e molti segreti bellissimi. Agguintavi una Relazione esatta della sua vita. 
 In Colonia, Appo Pietro del Martello. M.DC.LXXXI. 
 24. Pp. [22] 382 [i, & i blank]. 
 
 Though ostensibly published at Cologne, the true 
 place was Geneva. Haller quotes an edition of 
 Colon., 1681, 2 vols. , 4. 
 
 Bayle (Art. BORRI, note H) points out that the 
 first two dialogues are similar in substance to the 
 " Comte de Gabalis" of the Abbe' de Villars, 
 published in 1670, and he leaves those interested to 
 settle which is the original. 
 
 Hendreich is of opinion that this book was 
 written by some anonymous person, "at Burrho 
 minus favens." 
 
 The life of Borri was full of adventure. He was 
 born at Milan, some say in 1616, others on May 
 4th, 1625, Oettinger in 1627, of a family for which 
 he claimed descent from Burrhus who is spoken of 
 
 by Tacitus. In the Jesuit seminary he was viewed 
 with'' admiration for his talents and memory. 
 After a period of loose living, he, like some others, 
 turned round, gave up these habits and became 
 very religious, even claiming that revelations were 
 accorded him. Having spent some time in Rome, he 
 returned to Milan and formed a sect or secret 
 society, of which he was the head, and the members 
 of which were bound by certain vows. It appears, 
 however, that he had certain political plans in view, 
 for when some of his followers had been put in 
 prison, his schemes were upset and he departed 
 suddenly from Milan. He was thereupon con- 
 demned by the Inquisition for a heretic, and he 
 was burnt in effigy along with his writings, at 
 
BORRIBORRICHIUS 
 
 BORRI (GiosEPPE FRANCESCO). Continued. 
 
 Rome, 3 January, 1661. He went to Strasburg, 
 and studied chemistry and medicine, next to Am- 
 sterdam, where he seems to have lived in great 
 magnificence upon his wits ; when these were 
 exhausted he departed to Hamburg, and persuaded 
 Queen Christina to expend money upon the great 
 work of the philosophers, and finally reached 
 Copenhagen, where similarly the king was induced 
 to follow her example and with like success. 
 
 Borri thought he would now go to Turkey, but 
 on arriving at the frontier of Austria, he was sus- 
 pected of having a share in the Frangipani con- 
 spiracy ; and though he was shown to have nothing 
 to do with it, he was not allowed to go without 
 permission from the emperor. It so happened that 
 when his name was mentioned, the Papal Nuncio 
 happened to be present, and claimed Borri as a 
 prisoner of the Inquisition. Borri was accordingly 
 summoned to Vienna, and was delivered to the 
 Pope on condition that his life was spared. He 
 was condemned to imprisonment for life, and was 
 immured in the prison of the Inquisition ; but 
 having cured the Duke d'Etree, after he had been 
 given up by the physicians, he was transferred to 
 the Castle of St. Angelo, where he was allowed 
 more freedom, and pursued his studies in chemistry. 
 He died in the castle, 20 August, 1695. 
 
 Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemia Disser- 
 tatio, 1668, p. 144. 
 
 Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 144. 
 
 Acta Ernditorum^'LipsisK, Feb. 1682, p. 40. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 289. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce , 1699, p. 
 802. 
 
 Paschius, De Novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, 
 1700, p. 487. 
 
 Borrichius, Dissertation.es, 1714, ii. p. 72 (Diss. 
 de Natura dulcedinis). 
 
 Menagiana, 1715, iii. p. 188. 
 
 Schelhorn, Amaenitates Literarice, 1726, v. pp. 
 141-163 ; 1728, viii. p. 493 (interesting notice with 
 references). 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire, 1730, i. p. 615. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 265. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 544. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 706; 11. pp. 306, 
 442, 444. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- J 3S- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnqy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 126. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1743, iv. 
 p. 676. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 567. 
 
 If the stories told about him be true, he was a 
 notably successful surgeon ; and as for his 
 chemistry Borrichius calls him " celeberrimus 
 experimentis chemicis " in his Dissertationes. But 
 elsewhere he goes far beyond that, and says that if 
 he was later in time than Caneparius and Sala 
 and other Italians, he was far before them " in the 
 exhaustless capacity of his great genius, the Phoenix 
 of Nature, and the glory not only of his own Italy 
 but of Europe." Of which, if only a percentage be 
 correct, he must have displayed qualities to Borri- 
 chius which do not appear in his writings or in the 
 biography which has reached us. 
 
 Besides the Chiave he wrote a paper De vini 
 generatione in acetum, declsio experimental , 
 in Galleria di Minerva, ii. p. 25 ; Epistola duts 
 ad Thomam Bartholinum de ortu cerebri et usu 
 medico; necnon de artificio oculorum humores 
 restituendi, Copenhagen, 1669, 4, on the latter of 
 which see Paschius. 
 
 And there is another, Gen t is Burrorum notitia, 
 Strasburg, 1660, 4, which, however, may not be by 
 him. By Bruun another work, which I have not 
 seen, is mentioned, Hippocrates chymicus seu 
 chimi<z Hippocraticaz specimina 5 a F. J. Burrho 
 recognita et . . . Olao Borrichio dedicata, . . . 
 Cologne, 1690, 8. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 1259. 
 
 Mazzucchelli, Gli Scrittori d' Italia, 1762, II. iii. 
 p. 1790 (and references). 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 400. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 417. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1779, iii. 
 p. 501. 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit, 
 1785, i. p. 77. 
 
 Beytrag xur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 372. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 
 114-119, 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 191. 
 
 Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 417. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 463. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, " P- 33 
 1869, ii. p. 322. 
 
 Oettinger, Moniteur des Dates, Leipzig, 1869, 
 p. in. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 235, 364. 
 
 Cl F. Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1888, 
 ii. p. 543 (article by Chr. Bruun). 
 
 BORRICHIUS (OLAUS). 
 
 Hermetis, ^gyptiorum, et Chemicorum Sapientia ab Hermann! Conringii 
 animadversionibus vindicata per Olaum Borrichium. 
 
 Devteronom. xxm. v. vn. Noli abominari ^gyptium. 
 Hafnise, Sumptibus Petri Hauboldi, Reg. Acad. Bibl. Anno M.DC.LXXIV. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 448. Index [8]. 
 Folding plate of retorts from a Greek alchemical MS., p. 156. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wants the folding-plate at p. 156, and the dedication. 
 
 There were apparently two issues of this book, for I have seen other copies without 
 the dedication and the plate 
 
tiORRlCHWS 
 
 119 
 
 BORRICHIUS (OLAUS). Continued, 
 
 Olai Borrichii Metallische Probier-Kunst deutlich und kurtz beschrieben. 
 Verteutscht durch Georgium Kus. Kopenhaven, bey Daniel Paulli, Kon. 
 Buchhandl. Anno 1680. 
 
 8. 74 (misnumbered for 72). 
 
 Olai Borrichii Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum Illustriorum, 
 Posthumus cui praefixa Historia Vitae Ipsius ab Ipso Conscripta. 
 Sumptibus Samuelis Garmanni Bibliop : Anno MDCXCVII. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 48. 
 
 Libellus 
 Havniae, 
 
 Oluf or Ole Borch, better known as Olaus Borri- 
 chius, was born at Borch, Ripen or Rypa, in 
 Jutland, in 1626 ; went to school at Rypa, and in 
 1644 to the University at Copenhagen. He tra- 
 velled for six years, and was appointed to 
 the professorship of Botany and Chemistry at 
 Copenhagen in 1666. He was a man of great 
 acquirements and learning, a poet, critic, philo- 
 sopher, chemist, botanist, physician a polyhistor. 
 
 Erasmus Pauli f. Vindingius, Regia Academia 
 Hauniensis in Regibus . . . Prof essori bus suis 
 reprcesentata, Hauniae, 1665, p. 431 (merely a note). 
 
 Albertus Bartholinus, De Scriptis Danorum liber 
 t>osthumus, 1666, p. in. 
 
 Thomas Bartholinus, De Medicina Danorum 
 Domestica Dissertationes X. , Hafniae, 1666 ; Dis- 
 sert. II. p. 40. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 848. 
 
 Conring, In Universalem Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, cap. iii. ii. * *, p. 116. 
 
 Acta Eruditorum, Lips., 1697, xvi. p. 179. (A 
 notice of the Conspectus.) 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce, 1699, p. 
 665. 
 
 Vita selector quorundam eruditissimorum ac 
 illustrium Virorum, Vratislaviae, 1711, pp. 276-94 
 (autobiographical sketch edited by Frederic Rost- 
 gaard). 
 
 Paulus Vindingius, "Oratio Funebris in exces- 
 sum . . . Olai Borrichii . . . publici dicta d. III. 
 Novemb. an. MDCXC." Prefixed to Olai Borri- 
 chii Dissertationes seu orationes Academicce, ed. 
 Severinus Lintrupius, Havnios, 1715. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 32. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historique, 1730, i. 618. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, T. i. pp. 371-439 (reviews of his works). 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medici nischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 259, 260, 390, 603, 894. 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires, 1732, xix. pp. 44-58. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, pp. 88, 89, 173, 361, 362. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 135- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 127. 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. p. 60 ; iii. 
 pp. 56-72. 
 
 He had controversies with Deusing and others, 
 and especially with Conring as to the age of the 
 Hermetic art and the science of the Egyptians. 
 His death occurred at Copenhagen, in 1690, after 
 great suffering. His works on the history of 
 chemistry are still of use. He contributed various 
 articles to the 'Acta Hafniensia.' His portrait 
 is prefixed to the fifth part of Roth-Scholtz's 
 Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727-29. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1260. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 533. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 377. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca A nat arnica, 1774, i. p. 495. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine, 
 1778, i. p. 417. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practice?, 1779, iii. 
 p. 1 14 (an account of the controversy with Conring). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, pp. i, 67. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 550-1. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 16 ; 
 119 (list of papers) ; pp. 246, 249, 271 ; 275 (" Doci- 
 mastice metallica," Ham., 1677, 4, and the above 
 translation). 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 
 119-121. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1802, ii. pp. 166, 
 201 ; 1804, v. pp. 251, 261, 264. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806, pp. 151 (Disserta- 
 tions), 166, 168, 178, 182, 204. 
 
 Biographic Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 381 (article by Jourdan). 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Mddecine, 1831, I. ii. p. 455. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 420. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 
 P- 477- 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Medi- 
 cales, 1869, x. p. 104. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, 
 i. p. 94, & passim. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1231-32. 
 
 C. F. Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1888, 
 ii. pp. 500-508 (the chemical section by S. M. 
 Jorgensen). 
 
 De ortu et progressu Chemiae Dissertatio. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. i. 
 
 The first edition was published : Hafniae, 1668, 4*, pp. [12] 150 [a]. 
 
 Conspectus scriptorum chemicorum celebriorum. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 38. 
 
1 20 BO SNA YBO YLE 
 
 BOSNAY. 
 
 See COSMOPOLITE, 1629. 
 
 BOULTON (SAMUEL). 
 
 Medicina Magica Tamen Physica : Magical, but Natural Physick. Or a 
 Methodical Tractate of Diastatical Physick. Containing the general Cures 
 of all infirmities : And of the most radical, fixed, and malignant Diseases 
 belonging, not only to the Body of Man, but to all other Animal and 
 Domestick creatures whatsoever, and that by way of Transplantation. With 
 a Description of a most excellent Cordial out of Gold much to be estimated. 
 Published by Samuel Boulton, Salop. 
 
 Ars non habet inimicum nisi ignorantem. 
 
 London, Printed by T. C. for N. Brook, at the Angel in Cornhil, 1656. 
 8. Pp. [8] 195. [3 pp. advertisements.] Cut in a little and wants pp. 187-88. 
 
 [Another edition], London, 1665. 
 
 Title-page imperfect. This is identical with the preceding, except in the date. 
 
 Besides the two English editions there is one in Morhof (Polyhist. 1732, i. p. 712) hints that 
 Latin, 1665, 8 (Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, Maxwell's book on Sympathy has been taken in 
 1824, 139 ). part from Boulton's. See also ii. pp. 212, 305. 
 
 BOYLE (ROBERT). 
 
 The Philosophical Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle Esq; Abridged, 
 methodized, and disposed under the General Heads of 
 Physics 1 ( Natural-History 
 
 Statics \ Chymistry, and 
 
 Pneumatics J \. Medicine. 
 
 The whole illustrated with Notes, containing the Improvements made in 
 the several Parts of natural and experimental Knowledge, since his Time. 
 In Three Volumes. By Peter Shaw, M.D. The Second Edition, Corrected. 
 London : Printed for W. Innys and R. Manby, at the West-End of St. Paul's ; 
 and T. Longman, in Pater-noster-Row. M DCC XXXVIII. 
 
 4. Vol. i. [4] xliii. [i blank] 730 [2]. Fine portrait engraved by Vertue, 1738, after 
 Kerseboom i plate. Vol. ii., xx. 726. n plates. Vol. iii. [4] xv. [i blank] i.-iv., 
 5-249 [250-252], ccliii.-cclx., 261-756. i plate. 
 
 Michael Faraday's copy with his book plate and passages marked by him. 
 
 Experiments, Notes, &c. about the Mechanical Origine or Production of divers 
 particular Qualities : Among which is inserted a Discourse of the Imperfection 
 of the Chymist's Doctrine of Qualities, Together with some Reflections upon 
 the Hypothesis of Alcali and Acidum. By the Honourable Robert Boyle, 
 Esq; Fellow of the R. Society. London, Printed by E. Flesher, for 
 R. Davis Bookseller in Oxford. 1675. 
 
 8. This volume is not paged continuously, but the different tracts have each a 
 separate title-page and pagination, as follows : 
 
 General title and preface, pp. [6]. [These two tracts were translated into French. 
 
 Advertisements relating to the following Treatise, See RECUEIL d'experiences]. 
 
 pp. 21 [i blank]. Advertisements about the experiments and notes 
 
 Of the Mechanical Origine of Heat and Cold, relating to Chymical Qualities, pp. 7 [i blank], 
 
 pp. [2] 105 [i blank]. Of the Imperfection of the Chymist's doctrine of 
 
 Experiments about the Mechanical Production of qualities, pp. 50 [2 blank]. 
 
 Tasts, pp. 35 [i blank]. Reflections upon the Hypothesis of Alcali and 
 
 Odours, pp. 31 [i blank]. Acidum, pp. 38 [2 blank]. 
 
BOYLE 121 
 
 BOYLE (ROBERT). Continued. 
 
 Experiments and Notes, about the Mechanical Of the Mechanical Causes of Chymical Precipita- 
 
 Origine and Production of Volatility, pp. 56. tion, pp. [5, i blank] 46. 
 
 Experimental Notes of the Mechanical Origine Experiments and Notes about the Mechanical 
 
 or Production of Fixtness, pp. 34 [2 blank]. Production of Magnetism (dated 1676), pp. [4] 20. 
 
 Experiments and Notes about the Mechanical Experiments and Notes about the Mechanical 
 
 Origine or Production of Corrosiveness and Cor- Origine or Production of Electricity, pp. [2] 38. 
 rosibility, pp. [2] 69 [i blank]. 
 
 Nova Experimenta Pneumatica Respirationem Spectantia. Authore Roberto 
 Boyle Nobili Anglo, e Societate Regia. Bononise, M.DC.LXXV. Sumptibus 
 Petronij de Ruinettis. Superiorum permissu. 
 
 12. Pp. 91 [i blank, 4]. 
 
 Observationes de Salsedine Maris. . . . Bononise, M.DC.LXXV. . , r; ,/, r 
 
 Pp. 46 [i, i blank]. 
 
 Experimenta Nova : Quibus ostenditur, Posse partes Ignis, et Flammae Reddi 
 Stabiles Ponderabilesque. Vna cum detecta penetrabilitate Vitri. . . . 
 Bononise, M.DC.LXXV. . . . 
 
 Pp. [i-8]9-7 4 [2]. 
 
 Exercitationes de Atmosphaeris Corporum Consistentium ; deque mira Subtili- 
 tate, determinata natura, et Insigni Vi Effluviorum. . . . Bononiae, 
 M.DC.LXXV. . . . 
 
 Pp. W iss [i]. 
 
 Though these tracts have separate title-pages, signatures and pagination, they are quite uniform, and 
 obviously form one volume. 
 
 Noctiluca Aeria, sive nova quaedam Phenomena in Substantias Factitiae sive 
 Artificialis, Sponte Lucidae, productione, observata. Una cum adnexo 
 Ejusdem Substantial Processu. Amico cuidam, rure agenti, epistolice com- 
 municata. Authore Roberto Boyleo, Nobili Anglo, Regiae Societatis Socio. 
 Ex Anglico in Latinum Sermonem, Traduxit J. W. Londini, Typis R. E. 
 pro B. Tooke Bibliopola, in Ccemeterio Paulino. 1682. 
 
 12. Pp. [2] 69 [i blank], 59-69 bis [i blank]. 
 
 Experimenta Nova atque observata in Glacialem Noctilucam facta. Epistolice 
 amico rure degenti communicata. Quibus adnectitur Paradoxon Chymicum. . . . 
 
 Pp. [12] 78. 
 
 Paradoxon chymicum, novis experimentis innixum. Unde probabile fit, Principia 
 Chymica Transmutari posse ; adeo ut ea eorum Uno, Alia etiam produci queant. . . . 
 
 Pp. [5, 1 blank] 29 [i blank, 3, i blank, Errata i, i blank]. 
 
 These tracts have separate title-pages and pagination, but the signatures of the 
 volume run continuously, A to S 6 in sixes. 
 
 The original English was printed at London in 1680. Reviews in the Acta Eruditorum, Lips. 1682, 
 i- PP- 54, 394- 
 
 The Sceptical Chymist : or Chymico-Physical Doubts & Paradoxes, touching 
 the Experiments whereby Vulgar Spagirists are wont to Endeavour to Evince 
 their Salt, Sulphur and Mercury, to be the True Principles of Things. To 
 which in this Edition are subjoyn'd divers Experiments and Notes about 
 the Producibleness of Chymical Principles. Oxford, Printed by Henry 
 Hall for Ric. Davis, and B. Took at the Ship in St. Pauls Church- Yard. 
 1680. 
 
 8. Pp. [20] 440, [28] 268. 
 
122 
 
 SO YLEBRA CESCO 
 
 BOYLE (ROBERT). Continued. 
 
 Chymista Scepticus vel Dubia et Paradoxa Chymico-Physica circa Spagyricorum 
 Principia, vulgb dicta Hypostatica, prout proponi & propugnari solent a 
 Turba Alchymistarum. Cui Pars praemittitur alterius cujusdam Dissertationis 
 ad idem Argumentum spectans. A Roberto Boyle, Nobili Anglo. Editio 
 secunda priori emendatior. Roterodami, ex Officina Arnoldi Leers. 
 
 M.DC.LXIIX. 
 
 12. Pp. [28] 392. Engraved title, included. 
 
 Experiences curieuses sur les Saveurs et sur les Odeurs. 
 See RECUEIL d'experiences, 1679, P- I2 5- 
 
 Specimina Historise naturalis & experimentalis aquarum mineralium. 
 See VALERIUS (NICOLAUS), Tentamina Physico-Chymica, 1699, p. 58. 
 
 The English edition was published at London in 1685, 8, "Short Memoirs for the 
 Natural Experimental History of Mineral Waters," and in Latin, London, 1686, 12". 
 It is reviewed in the Acta Eruditorum, Lips, 1685, iv. p. 587. 
 
 Boyle (1627-1691) has had his life and works 
 discussed from various points of view. See the 
 life by Birch, prefixed to his collected works ; 
 that in the Biographia Britannica and that in the 
 Dictionary of National Biography. 
 
 His collected works were published at London, 
 1744, in five vols. fol., and in 1772, six vols. 4. An 
 edition in Latin in a series of unnumbered volumes 
 in 4, appeared at Geneva without date, but during 
 the latter part of the seventeenth century. The 
 most interesting books however are the separate 
 volumes in 4 or 8 in which he published originally 
 his discoveries, discussions, speculations, and 
 
 Tobias Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, 
 1687, p. 146. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce. Brandenburgicce, 1699, 
 pp. 692-694. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchytnia, 1730, p. 275. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. pp. 445-457- 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Histoire der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, pp. 582, 595- 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 140. 
 
 Biographia Britannica, 1748, ii. p. 913 ; and ed. 
 Kippis, 1780, ii. p. 493. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 1317. 
 
 Boerhaave, A New Method cf Cfiemistry, by 
 Peter Shaw, 1753, i. p. 55. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 517. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 501. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 369. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiquc de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 391. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practice, 1776, i. 
 p. 24 ; 1779, iii. 109. 
 
 J. B. F. Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Ouvrages 
 . . . sur les Eaux minfrales, 1785, p. 16, Nos. 29, 
 30. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1801-08, 8 vols. 
 passim. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, Authors, 
 1420. 
 
 reflections. Lists of his writings are given by 
 Hendreich, Watt, Poggendorff, and others. For 
 estimates of his work see J. K. Fischer, Poggen- 
 dorff, George Wilson, Ersch u. Gruber, Allibone, 
 Kopp, Hoefer, Thorpe, and other writers on the 
 history of Chemistry and Physics. One of Boyle's 
 most curious works connected with the present 
 subject is the tract: "Historical account of a 
 Degradation of Gold made by an anti-elixir, a 
 strange chemical narrative," as he correctly terms 
 it. It was published at London in 1678, in 1689, 
 and 1739, and was translated into German. 
 
 Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 489 (excellent article by Jourdan). 
 
 Wood, Fasti, ed. Bliss, 1820, Part ii. col. 286. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyclopadie, 1824, 
 xii. p. 169 (article by W. Miiller). 
 
 Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 203. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 MMecine, 1831, I. ii. p. 502. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 153- 
 185 ; 1869, ii. pp. 146-177. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 163- 
 172 & passim. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, 
 i. p. 473. 
 
 Cap, Etudes Biographiques pour servir a I 'His- 
 toire des Sciences, Premiere Serie, 1857, pp. 131-179. 
 
 Allibone, Dictionary, 1859, i. p. 232. 
 
 George Wilson, Religio Chemici, 1862, p. 165. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 267. 
 
 Hoefer, La Chimie enseignde par la Biographie 
 de sesfondateurs, 1865, pp. 59-68. 
 
 Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der 
 neueren Zeit, 1873, pp. 35-40 & passim. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, 
 iii. pp. 163-182. 
 
 Poggendorff, Geschichte der Physik, 1879, p. 466. 
 
 Dictionary of National. Biography, 1886, vi. 
 p. 118 (article by Miss A. M. Clerke). 
 
 Thorpe, Essays in Historical Chemistry, 1894, 
 pp. 1-27 ; 2nd ed. 1902, p. i. 
 
 BRACESCO (GIOVANNI). 
 
 De Alchemia Dialogi II. Quorum prior, Genuinam libroru Gebri sententiam, 
 de industria ab authore celatam, figurato sermone inuolutam retegit, & 
 
BRACESCO 123 
 
 BRACESCO (GIOVANNI). Continued. 
 
 certis argumentis probat. Alter Raimundi Lullij Maioricani, Hysteria in 
 lucem producit. Quibus praemittuntur, propositiones centum uiginti nouem, 
 idem argumentum compendiosa breuitate complectentes. Norimbergge 
 apud lohan. Petreium, Anno M.D.XLVIII. 
 
 4. Signatures A-Q in fours [ = ff 64]. 
 
 This work appeared originally in Italian, under have been published at Rome, in 1542, 8. Of the 
 
 the title : La Espositione di Geber Philosopho, Espositione editions of Venice, 1551, *5S 2 t are 
 
 Venetia, 1544 ; 1562, in the small square 8 size, mentioned. Misled, apparently, by the Hamburg 
 
 then in vogue in Italy. The second dialogue is edition of 1673, Kb'nig says that the dialogues were 
 
 entitled: 'II Legno della vita,' and it is said to written in that year. 
 
 De Alchemia Dialogi Duo. Quorum prior, genuinam librorum Gebri senten- 
 tiam, de industria ab autore celatam, & figurato sermone inuolutam retegit, 
 & certis argumentis probat. Alter, Raimundi Lullij Maioricani, mysteria in 
 lucem producit. Quibus praemittuntur propositiones centum uiginti nouem, 
 idem argumentum compendiosa brevitate complectentes, ex Tuscanico idiomate 
 traductae. Lugduni excudebant Godefridus, & Marcellus Beringi fratres, 
 1548. 
 
 4. Pp. 147 [i]. 
 Schmieder speaks of an edition : Leyden, 1548, 8. This is probably a mistake. 
 
 Joannis Braceschi Brixiani De Alchemia, Dialogi Duo nunquam ante hac 
 conjunctim sic editi, correcti, & emaculati, praemittuntur Propositiones centum 
 viginti novem idem argumentum compendiosa brevitate complectentes. 
 Ne du bites pro me pretium persolvere dignum 
 
 Namq; ad Thesauros ostia pando tibi. 
 Hamburgi, apud Johannem Naumannum, & GeorgiumWolffium. Anno 1673. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 272. Title red and black. 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Dialogus cui titulus est Lignum vitae in quo etiam Geberi Philosophi expositio 
 succincta continetur. 
 See GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO), Verae alchemize . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 3. 
 
 Dialogus Primus, veram et genuinam librorum Gebri Sententiam explicans. 
 
 See GIN.ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 222 - 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 565. 
 Lignum Vitae, Dialogus Secundus. 
 
 See GINiECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 332. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 911. 
 
 Gesprach vom Holtz des Lebens. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chemica, 1606, p. 293. 
 
 Loci aliquot practical ex Gebero declarati. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 242. 
 CXXX. Grund Satze des Gieberim Eben Hae'n, oder Gebers und Raymundi 
 Lullii zweyer beriihmten Philosophorum Schrifften desto besser zu verstehen. 
 
 See DREY Curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1723, p. 28. 
 
 See DREY Curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1733, p. 28. 
 
 In loannem Braceschum . . . Animadversio. 
 
 See TAULADANUS (ROBERTUS). 
 
124 
 
 BRA CESCO - BRENDEL 
 
 BRACESCO (GIOVANNI). Continued. 
 
 In the tract Lignum Vita the author has tried to 
 discover the substance by which the patriarchs 
 prolonged their lives. Kopp says ' Braceschi was 
 a physician from Orci nuovi in the Brescian dis- 
 trict, towards Crema, which is more probable than 
 that he was Prior of the ' ' regulirten Chorherren of 
 St. Segoud."' Cozzando calls him a man of 
 
 Van der Linden, De Script is Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 255. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 51. 
 
 Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 130. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 546. 
 
 Cozzando, Libreria Bresciana, 1694, Parte ii. p. 
 265. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburgica, 1699, p. 
 697. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i- P- 457- 
 
 curious and varied knowledge, but " huomo vago," 
 by which, judging from his further remarks, he 
 probably means a person brilliant but without 
 steady application. No details are given of his 
 life. He flourished in the middle of the sixteenth 
 century. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 128. 
 
 Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori d' Italia, 1763, vol. 
 ii. , parte iv. p. 1966. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 624. 
 
 Weigel, Einlettung zur Allgemeinen Scheide- 
 kunst, 1788, i. p. 124. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 64. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 260. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 320. 
 
 BRANDAU. 
 
 See ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHXlJS). 
 
 BREBISS (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 See MEDICES (CHRISTIAN DE). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1332. 
 
 BREMEN. 
 
 Pharmacopoea Bremensis. 
 See VOLPI (THOMAS). 
 
 BRENDEL (ZACHARIAS). 
 
 Zacharise Brendelii Med. Doct. & Prof. Public! Chimia in Artis formam redacta, 
 Ubi prseter Methodum addiscendi fyx eL PW LIS Chimicas facilimam, disquisitio 
 curata de famosissima praeparatione Auri Potabilis instituitur. Editio secunda 
 correctior, & auctior, post obitum Autoris, Consilio Werneri Rolfinck Ham- 
 burgensis Phil. & Med. Doct. Practicae & Chimias Professoris iterum luci 
 tradita, cum ejusdem praefatione. Jenae. Sumtibus Johannis Reiffenbergeri. 
 Anno M.DC.XLI. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 175 [i blank, 16]. 
 
 First edition, Jena, 1630. There were others : 
 Amstel. 1659, 1668; Lugduni Bat., 1671, 18. 
 
 The present edition of 1641 was also issued with 
 the same title but differently arranged, and in- 
 cluding besides the name of the printer : ' Jenae, 
 Typis Blasii Lobensteins sumtibus Johannis Reiffen- 
 bergeri. Anno M.DC.XLI.' 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 469 (edition of 1630). 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 52. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1052 
 (editions of 1630, 1641, 1671, and with Beguinus, 
 Amst., 1659, 1668). 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Mm. 
 2 verso, Ann. 13 July, 1638. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgiccc, 1699, p. 
 722. 
 
 Zeumer, Vita 1 Professorum . . . qui in . . . 
 academia Jenensi . . . vixerunt .... Jena, 1711, 
 Classis iii. [Med.], p. 36. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Che mica, 1727, p. 33. 
 
 The author was Z. Brendelius the younger, 
 born at Jena, 1592, M.D. there in 1617, practised 
 at Weimar and other places, and was ultimately 
 professor of medicine at Jena, where he died in 
 1638, I3th June (July, Witte). 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 470 (copied from Mercklin). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 145- 
 
 Jocher, Allgememes Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 1362. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 343. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 318-9 (Haller has confused ihe father and son). 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 446. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 13. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 344, 
 604 (adds Amst. 1672, 8 ; Francof. 1686, 4 ). 
 
BRENDELBRE TON 
 
 125 
 
 BRENDEL (ZACHARIAS). Continued. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 121. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), ii. p. 522. 
 
 Johannes Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoren 
 der Universitat Jena seit 1558 bis 1858, Jena, 1858, 
 
 p. 120. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gtntrale, 1863, vii. col. 320 
 (and the references). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 292. 
 
 BRENTIUS (ANDREAS). 
 
 Varise Philosophorum Sententise perveniendi ad Lapidem 
 Collectanea. 
 
 Benedictum 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. 
 
 The authors cited are : Albertus Magnus, Ray- 
 rnundus Lullius, Geber, Thomas Aquinas, Para- 
 celsus. 
 
 The present tract was originally published with 
 the following title : 
 
 ' Farrago Philosophorum : hoc est, Varii Modi, 
 Processus & Sententiae Philosophorum, perveniendi 
 ad Lapidem Philosophicum, seu Benedictum. . . . 
 Per Andnsam Brentzium, D. Reipub. Chambensis 
 Palat. pro tempore Medicum ordinarium. 
 [Ambergae, Typis Michaelis Forsteri.] Anno. 
 MDCVI.' There was another edition: Amberg, 
 1611. 
 
 There are three, if not four persons, whom, 
 under the name of Andreas Brentius or Brenzius, 
 there is a possibility of confusing with one another. 
 
 Of the most notable of them, a sketch is given by 
 Mazzuchelli, who styles him 'Andrea Brenta, 
 Padovano,' though he mentions also the forms 
 Brentius and Brenzius. He warns his readers, 
 however, against identifying him with 'Andrea 
 Althamer Brenzio, eretico oltramontano,' who is 
 known by some theological writings, and is certainly 
 quite different. Brenta flourished in the middle 
 of the fifteenth century, studied the Humanities and 
 philosophy, and made translations from Hippo- 
 crates, printed in the fifteenth, and early years of 
 the sixteenth centuries, for which see Hendreich, 
 Haller, and Hain. Mazzuchelli enumerates these 
 translations, and says that the ' Farrago phil- 
 osophorum,' printed in the Theatrum Chemicum, 
 is ascribed to him by Mangel, but adds, ' we have 
 not found any other writer who calls him the 
 author of the said work. ' 
 
 Mangel, however, has here only followed his 
 custom of copying what had been printed fifty 
 years earlier by Mercklin, who had found it already 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 22. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 52, 93. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius Renovatus, 1686, p. 40. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandecta Brandenburg., 1699, p. 723. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 33. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 471. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 129. 
 
 Mazzuchelli, Gli Scrittori tf Italia, 1763, vol. ii. 
 parte iv. p. 2050. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medecince Practice, 1776, 
 i. pp. 63, 65, 66, 81, 82, 95, 389. 
 
 BRESCIA. 
 
 See MEMORIA, 1794. 
 
 BRETON. 
 
 See LE BRETON (CHARLES). 
 
 P- 330- 
 
 stated by Van der Linden, so that the identification 
 of the two authors had taken place a hundred years 
 before Mangel. 
 
 Subsequenl wrilers are not very clear on the 
 subject. Fuchs ascribes the ' Farrago philoso- 
 phorum ' to 'Andreas Brentzus, aus Padua," so 
 that he may have idenlified Ihe two, but on the 
 other hand he passes over the translations in 
 silence. 
 
 Gmelin gives a somewhat different complexion 
 to the subject by calling him ' Andreas Brentz, an 
 . Italian by birth, who promulgated his opinions 
 chiefly in Germany,' and, following Roth-Schollz 
 who, however, designales him Andreas Brentius 
 assigns to him another alchemical book : ' Hand- 
 griff Raymundi Lullii . . . samt einem . . . 
 Gesprach vom Slein der Weisen . . . ,' 1606, 
 1611, 1616, 8, which I have nol met with. Here 
 there is no suggestion of any connection with 
 Brenta or Brentius, the scholar. Colour is lent to 
 Gmelin's form by the Latin Brenzius, which might 
 point to the name being Brenzi or Brenzio, and 
 belonging to a different person altogether from 
 Brenta. 
 
 The ascription of the ' Farrago philosophorum ' 
 to Brenta seems to be a mistake, but there is no 
 satisfactory evidence bearing on the question one 
 way or another. 
 
 A book on precautions to be observed during the 
 plague by Andreas Brentius, was printed at 
 Amberg in 1606. Whether or not it was by the 
 author of the ' Farrago philosophorum ' I am 
 unable to decide, but considering the date and 
 place of publication, the probability is that it 
 emanated from him. 
 
 In the British Museum Catalogue all these 
 authors are kept distinct. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 595- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 513. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 101. 
 
 Hain, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1826, 1831, 
 Nos. 3778, *3779, 8671. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 
 355- 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1003. 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, p. 472, 
 and 499, 600, for reprints. 
 
126 BREVISBROTOFFERR 
 
 BREVIS Elucidatio Arcani Philosophorum. 
 
 See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. 41. 
 
 This tract is by Barnaud. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 784. 
 
 BREVIS Libellus Minera philosophorum dictus. 
 See GIN.*CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 349- 
 
 BREVIS Manuductio ad Rubinum Coelestem. 
 See BIRRIUS (MARTIN), 1668. 
 See MANGET (J. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 686. 
 
 BREVIS Tractatio de antiquissimo atque certissimo illo Particular! quod per 
 Exaltationem seu Gradationem Solis S. Auri parari solet. Oder kurtze, 
 iedoch ausftihrliche und richtige, Handlung von dem uhralten und bewahr- 
 testen Particular welches durch Erhoh- und Vermehrung des Goldes-Farbe 
 verrichtet zu werden pfleget. Bestehende in einer zwart kurtzen, doch 
 deutlichen Beschreibung, was die Exaltatio s. Gradatio solis und derselben 
 Nutzen sey, auch wie dieselbe verrichtet werden solle, welches letztere in 
 30. davon handelnden auserlesenen theils selbst probirten Processen accurat 
 gelehret und gezeiget wird. Denen iiberdiefs noch, zum Dienst der Kunst- 
 liebenden, ein ander schdn und bewahrtes Particulare de Extractione Animse 
 Solis beygefuget ist, Woraus dieselbe, wenn sie darzu nothige operationes 
 und Hand-Arbeit recht verstehen und gebrauchen, ohnfehlbar Goldmachen 
 lernen konnen werden. Auf freundlich ersuchen guter Freunde also verfasset 
 und zum Druck befordert. Durch eirien Freund der edlen Chymie und 
 Metallurgie am griinen Hartze. Leipzig, bey Johann Herbord Klofsen, 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 76. 
 
 This is another copy of the second tract in the Famigeratissimo Rustici Minoris Particvlari, 
 work entitled Con- et Dissensus Chymicorum de (y.v.). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheq-ue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1437. 
 
 BRIEF (A) Preparation of the Philosophers Stone. 
 
 See AURIFONTINA CHEMICA, l68o, p. 271. 
 
 BRIEFF-TASCHE. 
 
 See UNVORSICHTIG (Die) verlohrne . . . Philosophische Brieff-Tasche, 1728. 
 
 BRIXIA. 
 
 See CATALOGUS Medicamentorum. 
 
 BROSSE (LA). 
 
 See LA BROSSE. 
 
 BROTOFFERR (RADTICHS). 
 
 Aut hie aut nusquam. Elucidarius Major. Oder Erleuchterunge vber die 
 Reformation der gantzen weiten Welt, F.C.R. aufs ihrer Chymischen Hochzeit, 
 vnd sonst mit viel andern testimoniis Philosophorum, sonderlich in appendice, 
 
BROTOFFERR-^BRO UCHUISIUS \ 27 
 
 BROTOFFERR (RADTICHS). Continued. 
 
 dermassen verbessert, dafs beydes materia & prgeparatio lapidis aurei, deutlich 
 genug darinn angezeigt werden. Durch Radtichs Brotofferr, Luxeme. 
 
 Raphael. 
 
 Omnia sunt abscondita, in abstruse mundi. 
 Exacte (autem) via honesta est. 
 O wie gliickselig das Creutz ich acht, 
 Das vntr der Rosen bliiht mit macht 
 
 Adest. 
 Liineburg, bey den Sternen Buchf. Im Jahr 1617. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-3] 4-234. [3, i blank]. 
 
 Another edition was published at Vienna, 1751. The phrase Aitt hie aut nusquam appears also in 
 
 There is another work by the same author : the Delarvatio Tinctures Philosophorum. See 
 
 " Elucidarius chymicus, oder, Krleuchterung und LEONHARD von Altenberg. The word 'Luxeme' 
 
 deutliche Erklerung was die Fama Fraternitatis may be a transposition for ' exulem. ' 
 
 vom R. C. fur Chymische Secreta de lapide Philoso- A third work is ascribed to Brotofferr in the 
 
 phorum, in ihrer Reformation der Welt, mit ver- Missiv. " Theophrastus non Theophrastus, oder 
 
 bliimten Worten versteckt haben," Gofslar, 1616, deutliche Entdeckung was von Theophrasto Para- 
 
 1617, 8. Kopp seems to be of opinion that these celso zu halten sey." Gofslar, 1617, 8. 
 
 two titles indicate merely two different editions of All these works are mentioned by Kloss. 
 the same tract. 
 
 Missiv an die . . . Briiderschaft des Ordens des Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, 
 
 Goldenen und Kosenkreutzes, 1783, pp. 48-49 ; 61. Nos. 2486-2488. 
 
 Beytrag ztir Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 pp. 601, 602. ' 1870, Nos. 1538-39. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 561. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 387. 
 
 Elucidarius maior, oder Erleuchtung iiber die Reformation der ganzen Welt, 
 F.R.C. aus ihrer chem. Hochzeit : cum Appendice meliorate. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 176. 
 
 Elucidarii majoris Appendix. Griindliche Nachricht von der Materia Lapidis 
 aurei, & modo praeparandi. 
 See BECKER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Gliicks-Hafen, 1726, p. 175. 
 
 BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL). 
 
 Secreta Alchimiae Magnalia D. Thomae Aquinatis, de Corporibus superccelestibus, 
 & quod in rebus inferioribus inveniantur, quoque modo extrahantur : De 
 Lapide minerali, animali, & plantali. Item Thesaurus Alchimise secretissimus ; 
 quern dedit fratri suo Reinaldo. 
 
 Accessit et loannis De Rupecissa Liber lucis, ac Raymundi Lullij opus 
 pulcherrimum, quod inscribitur Clavicula & Apertorium in quo omnia quae 
 in opere Alchimise requiruntur, vernuste declarantur, & sine quo, ut ipse 
 testatur Lullius, alij sui Libri intelligi nequeunt. 
 
 Opuscula studiosis artis secretissimae, ut summe necessaria, ita lectu 
 iucundissima. 
 
 Opera Danielis Brouchuisii artium & Medicinae Doctoris. 
 
 Cum Prsefatione D. loannis Heurnij. 
 
 Editio Tertia. 
 Lugduni Batavorum, Ex Officina Thomae Basson. clD.Io.cxn. 
 
 8. Pp. 71 [i blank]. Folding plate of a furnace. 
 
 An edition, Coloniae, 1579, 4to, is mentioned by Daniel van Broekhuizen, is spoken of as a re- 
 Schmieder (Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 139)', nowned physician of the sixteenth century, and 
 and by Kopp (Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 357) from Man- that is all that is said of him by Van der Aa, Bio- 
 get, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, I. graphisch Woordenboeck der Nederlanden, 1885, II. 
 i. p. 479. iii. p. 1366. 
 
1 28 BR UCKMANNBR UGNA TELLI 
 
 BRUCKMANN (FRANZ ERNST). 
 
 Francisci Ern. Bruckmanni Med. Doct. &c. Epistola Itineraria xm. De 
 Lapidibus Odoratis ad Virum Excellentissimum, Consultissimum atque Doc- 
 tissimum Dominum, Dominum Andrea. El. Buchnerum, Med. Doct. et Prof. 
 Ord. celeberrimum et practicum Erfordiensem felicissimum, amicum omni 
 honoris et amoris genere prosequendum. Wolffenbuttelae, Anno Christi 
 MDCCXXIX. 
 
 4. Sig. A[=pp. 8]. 
 
 Francis! Ernesti Bruckmanni, D. Epistola Itineraria XLV. Sistens Concreta 
 Salina et Sulphurea Musei Metallic! Autoris ad Virum Nobilissimum atque 
 Doctissimum Dominum Dominum Johann. Heinr. Hampe, Medicum 
 Londinensium Celeberrimum. Cum Fig. ^Eneis. Wolffenbuttelae. 
 
 MDCCXXXV. 
 
 4. Sigs. A-B in fours [=pp. 16]. 2 folding plates. 
 
 Francisci Ernesti Bruckmanni, D. Epistola Itineraria LXXXIII. Museum 
 Metallicum Autoris exhibens, ad Virum Prgenobilissimum, Eximium atque 
 Doctissimum, Dominum Dominum loh. Henric. Hampe, Med. Doct. 
 Expertissimum, Regise Majest. Principis de Galles Personae Medicum 
 Ordinar. Soc. Reg. Anglic. Lond. Colleg. Celeberr. Magnum Londini 
 ^Esculapium, Ingensque Magnae Britanniae Literatae Decus, Maecenatem 
 summum, fautorem atque amicum perpetuo Honoris cultu prosequendum. 
 Cum Fig. ^Eneis. Wolffenbuttelse, MDCCXXXIX. 
 
 4. Pp. 12. i engraved plate. 
 
 Briickmann, born 27 Sept., 1697, at Marienthal guide to the literature at that time, and an edition 
 near Helmstadt, was physician at Brunswick and of Wlajfoodaeus' De Lapidibus Pretiosis Enchiridion, 
 Wolfenbiittel, assessor of the Collegium Medicum Wolffenbuttel, 1740, 4. (See MARBODAEUS). 
 Brunsv., and Member of the Berlin Academy. He The Epistolce Itineraries in three hundred num- 
 was received into the Leopoldine Academy, 8 bers appeared between 1728-1753. They were 
 May, 1725, and published numerous works on afterwards collected in six volumes, with title- 
 mineralogy, etc. Among these was a revised pages. A list of those referring to mineralogy, etc., 
 edition of Leupold's Prodromus Bibliothecce Metal- is contained in Leupold's Prodromus above men- 
 licee, Wolffenbuttel, 1732, 8, which is "a good tioned, p. 37. He died 25 March, 1753. 
 
 Gelehrt. Zeitungen, 1729, p. 757 (notice of the Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 221. 
 Bibliotheca Metallica}. Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 
 Buchner, Historia Academics Nature Curio- 1778, i. p. 460. 
 sorum, 1755, p. 497, No. 378. Hirsch, Biographisch.es Lexicon der hervorragen- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 162. den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Vb'lker, 1884, i. p. 594 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 122. (article by-Max Salomon). 
 
 BRUGNATELLI (Luici VICENZO). 
 
 Elementi di Chimica appogiati alle piu' recenti scoperte chimiche e farma 
 ceutiche di L. Brugnatelli M. D. Sostituito alle Cattedre di Chimica e 
 Mat. Med. nella R. I. Universita' di Pavia. Membro dell' Ace. Elet. d 
 Magonza in Erfurt, Delia R. Accad. delle Sc. di Gottinga, Dei Curiosi della 
 Nat. di Berlino, Delia Leopoldino-Carolina, De' Curiosi della Nat. di 
 Germania, Dell' Accad. d' Agricoltura di Udine, Delia Societa' Medico- 
 Chirurgica di Bruxelles, Dell' Accad. delle Sc. e di Quella d' Agricolt. di 
 Torino, di Mantova, di Fossano, Dei Georgofili di Firenze, Delia Soc. Patriot, 
 di Milano ec. Tom/ i. 1795- Pavia presso Baldassare Comino. Con 
 Privilegio. 
 
 8. Tomo i. Pp. [xix. i] 256. Vocabolario 108. 7 engraved plates. Wants 
 pp. ix.-xii. Tomo ii. , 1796. Pp. 255- [i blank]. 
 
BRUGNATELLIBUCHOLZ 129 
 
 BRUGNATELLI (Luici VINCENZO). Continued. 
 
 This work passed through several editions. study of the science in Italy. He inaugurated a 
 
 Luigi Vincenzo Brugnatelli, who has been con- number of journals, and tried to make a special 
 
 fused with his son Gaspard (compare the notice in nomenclature pass into use in the science. He 
 
 the Nouvelle Biographie GMrale and Oettinger), wrote numerous papers, and was the discoverer of 
 
 was born at Pavia in 1761. He studied Medicine suberic acid and alloxan. His treatise on urinary 
 
 and graduated in 1784, but took greatest interest in calculi was edited by his son Gaspard, Pavia, 1819, 
 
 Chemistry, was assistant to Scopoli and Brusati at who also wrote a notice of his life and a list of his 
 
 Pavia, and became professor in 1796. He was a papers in the Giornale de Fisica, 2d. decade, 1818, 
 
 laborious chemist and endeavoured to extend the i. p. 405. He died in August, 1818. 
 
 Gmelin , Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 309 ; Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede- 
 
 pp. 467-8 (papers); p. 628 ('Annali di chimia,' cine, 1831, I. ii. p. 540. 
 
 Pavia, 1790, etc.) ; p. 666 (new nomenclature Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 and synonyms). 1855, pp. 712, 879. 
 
 The Philosophical Magazine, ed. Tilloch, 1819, Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1863, vii. col. 582. 
 
 liii., pp. 321-326. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 QueYard, La France Litteraire, 1828, i. p. 534. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 316. 
 
 Oettinger, Moniteur des dates, 1869, p. 131. 
 
 BRUMBEY (CARL CHRISTIAN), Respondent. 
 Disputatio. 
 
 See BERGEN (CARL AUGUST VON), 1742. 
 
 BRUMMET (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 Tractatlein vom Blut der Natur. 
 
 See KUNCKEL VON LOWENSTERN (J OH ANN), V. Curiose Chymische Tractatlein, 
 1721, p. 489. 
 
 This is quite different from a tract of the same p. 34) refers to an edition, Wittenberg, 1678, 8. 
 name entered under SCHWARTZFUS (ANONYMUS See GRUMMET (CHRISTOPH). 
 VON). Roth-Scholtz (Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, 
 
 BRUNNEN DER WEISHEIT. 
 
 See SCHWARTZFUS (ANONYMUS VON). 
 
 BUCK (DAS) Amor Proximi. 
 See AMOR Proximi. 
 
 In the Beytragzur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, edition" of that of 1746. Ladrague quotes the 
 1785, p. 680, an edition of Frankfurt, 1782, 8, latter only, Bibliotheque Ou-varo/, Sciences Secretes, 
 is mentioned, " no new work, but an improved 1870, No. 1462. 
 
 BUCK (DAS) von den Anfa'ngen der Natur und Chymischen Kunst. 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. J. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772, I. ii. p. 237. 
 
 Schroder says this anonymous work comes from aliquot chemici sing-ulares, Geismariae, 1647. It is 
 the same collection as that from which the tract mentioned by Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, 
 by Ferrarius is taken, namely Combach's Tractatus Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1506. 
 
 BUCH (DAS) Chymia, welches beschreibt den Tractat des hochsten weges der 
 Philosophise. 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymias, Ander Buch, 1614^ p. 69. 
 
 BUCH (DAS) der drei Worter. 
 See KALID. 
 
 BUCH (DAS) von der Kunst Chymia eines ungewissen Autors. 
 See ARTE (De) Chymica Liber incerti autoris. 
 
 BUCHOLZ (WILHELM HEINRICH SEBASTIAN). 
 Ueber die Essignaphthe. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 205. 
 
130 
 
 B UCHOLZB UDDE US 
 
 BUCHOLZ (WILHELM HEINRICH SEBASTIAN). Continued. 
 
 Bucholz was born at Bernburg, 23 Dec., 1734, 
 studied pharmacy at Magdeburg, practised as a 
 pharmacist in various places, and finally at Weimar, 
 where he lived for seven years. During that time 
 he learned chemistry, and having resolved to 
 become a physician, went in 1761 to Jena, where 
 he won his degree in two years. He returned to 
 Weimar, opened a dispensary, practised medicine, 
 and became the physician of the reigning prince 
 and ' Bergrath.' In 1769 he was elected a member 
 
 Haller, Bibliotkeca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 604. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. pp. 564, 
 
 587- 
 
 Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon 
 der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, Lemgo, 
 1796, i. pp. 478-481. 
 
 of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum. He died 
 at Weimar, 16 Dec., 1798. 
 
 Bucholz was a learned, diligent, and energetic 
 man, and made many contributions to the litera- 
 ture of medicine, chemistry, and pharmacy. He 
 translated works from English, French, and 
 Italian, and published numerous papers on 
 chemistry, mineralogy, pharmacy, mineral waters, 
 etc., in the journals and the proceedings of 
 societies. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. passim. 
 Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806-08, p. 353 & passim. 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 25). "i- P- 33- 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 328. 
 
 BUDDEUS ( JOHANN FRANZ), Prases. 
 
 Q.D.B.V. Quaestionem Politicam an Alchimistae sint in Republica tolerandi? 
 Rectore Magnificentissimo, Serenissimo Principe ac Domino, Dn. Friderico 
 Wilhelmo Regni Borussici, Electoratusque Brandenburgici Herede, et Reli- 
 qua. Praeside lo. Francisco Buddeo, P.P.h.t. Academiae Pro-Rectore Ad 
 Diem lunii A. M.DCC.II. Pro Summis in Philosophia Honoribus rite 
 obtinendis edisseret Carolus Theophilus Schlitte, Halberstadiensis. Halae 
 Magdeburgicae, Literis Christiani Henckelii, Acad. Typ. 
 4. Pp. 86 [2]. Engraved plate. 
 
 Herrn Jo. Franc. Buddei SS. Th.D. und Prof. Publ. Ord. Hoch-Fiirstl. 
 Sachsen-Hildburghausischen Hochverdienten Kirchen-Raths &c. Historisch- 
 und Politische Untersuchung von der Alchemic, und was davon zu halten 
 sey? aus dem Lateinischen ins Teutsche iibersetzet. Nun aber zum 
 Druck befordert durch Friederich Roth-Scholtzen, Herrenstadio Silesium. 
 Nurnberg, Adam Jonathan Felfsecker, An. 1733. 
 
 8. Pp. 146. 2 plates. 
 
 This has been reprinted from Roth-Scholtz's Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum. It 
 is a translation of the preceding thesis. 
 
 Historisch- und Politische Untersuchung von der Alchemic. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. i. 
 
 Buddeus was born at Anklam in Pomerania, 25 
 June, 1667, showed great ability at an early age, 
 and before he went to the University of Wittem- 
 berg in 1685, was already well skilled in Hebrew, 
 Chaldee and Syriac. Having taken the degree of 
 Master in 1687 with great distinction, he was 
 associated to the faculty of Philosophy in 1689, and 
 shortly after went to Jena. In 1692 he became 
 professor of Greek and Latin at Coburg, in 1693 
 professor of Ethics and Politics at the newly- 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1710, iv. p. 641 ; 1713, vi. 
 pp. 61-100. 
 
 Jo. Gasp. Zeumer, VitceProfessorum . . . qui in 
 . . . Academia Jenensi . . . vixerunt . . . Jenae, 
 1711, pp. 271-283. 
 
 Niceron, Mlmoires, 1733, xx >- PP- 3-S5- 
 
 Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1750, ii. (letter B), pp. 462-471. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 46. 
 
 founded University of Halle, and in 1705 returned 
 to Jena as professor of Theology. He increased 
 the celebrity of that University by his lectures, 
 carried on a large correspondence, received the 
 visits of strangers who desired to meet him, and 
 yet found time to write a great number of works 
 and dissertations. He died 9 November, 1729, 
 at Gotha, of a slight cold which he neglected and 
 which ended in pneumonia. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 55 1 - 
 
 Johannes Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoren 
 der Universitat Jena seit 1558 bis 1858, Jena, 1858, 
 p. 23. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wbrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 333. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 549. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 148. 
 
BUCKING BURGGRA V 
 
 BUCKING ( JOHANN JUSTUS), Respondens. 
 See LINSIUS (PAULUS). 
 
 BUONVICINO (BENEDETTO). 
 
 Analyse des principales Eaux Minerales de la Savoie Par Mr. Le Docteur 
 Bonvoisin. 
 
 4. Pp. 419-454. Extracted from the Memoires of the Turin Academy, 1784-85, 
 vol. ii. 
 
 De la Pierre Hydrophane du Piemont Par Mr. Le Docteur Bonvoisin. 
 
 4. Pp. 475-497. From the Mtmoires of the Turin Academy, 1784-85, vol. i. 
 
 Buonvicino or Bonvoisin was a doctor of Medi- 
 cine, in practice at Turin, and a member of 
 the Academy of Sciences. He engaged in the 
 analysis and examination of minerals, the results of 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, pp. 
 57, 107, in, 116, 129, 141. 
 QueYard, La France Litttraire, 1828, i. p. 566. 
 A. C. P. Callisen, Medicinisches Schriftsteller- 
 
 BURGGRAV (JOHANN ERNST). 
 See CLODIUS (BALDUINUS). 
 
 Burggrav wrote a number of alchemical books : 
 Balneum Dianae, Magnetica Priscorum Philoso- 
 phorum Clavis, Lugd. Bat., 1600. 
 Alexipharmacum. 
 De electro Philosophorum magico phisico. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 53. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 36. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 485. In this article (p. 486), Eloy 
 includes a notice of J. P. Burggrav the younger. 
 
 which he communicated to the Academy. The 
 dates of his birth and death are not recorded, but 
 he lived at the end of the eighteenth and beginning 
 of the nineteenth centuries. 
 
 Lexicon der jetzt lebenden Aerzte, Copenhagen, 
 1830, iii. p. 324 (lists of his works). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wijrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 342. 
 
 Biolychnium, & cura Morborum magnetica ex 
 Paracelsi Mumia, Franckerae, 1611, 8. 
 
 Achilles redivivus, Amstelod. , 1612, 8. 
 
 Biolychnium, seu Lampas vitae & mortis, Lugd. 
 Bat., 1610, 8; Francof., 1630, 12. 
 
 Libellus de Oleis. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 293, 
 520. 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp. 
 492, 494, 543, 544 (for the ' Biolychnium '), 564 (for 
 Clodius' work). 
 
 BURGGRAV (JOHANN PHILIP). 
 
 De doctis & nobilibus Empiricis, Vorrede. 
 
 See KUNCKEL VON LOWENSTERN (JOHANN), V. Curiose Chyrnische Tractatlein. 
 1721. 
 
 J. P. Burggrav, the elder, was born at Darm- 
 stadt, 19 Feb., 1673, studied medicine at Giessen, 
 Jena and Leyden, graduated 1694, resided in 
 Darmstadt, and went to Franckfurt in 1706, and 
 lived there for the rest of his life. He died in 
 1746. He wrote some Medical Dissertations. 
 
 His son, John Philip Burggrav, the younger, 
 was born at Darmstadt, i Sept., 1700. At 18 
 he began his studies and finished at Halle, but 
 graduated at Leyden in 1720, when he returned to 
 Frankfurt. Here he remained engaged in practice. 
 
 Biichner, Academiae . . . Naturae Curtosorum, 
 Historia, 1755, p. 509, No. 514, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 265 
 (refers to Burggrav the younger, speaks of him as 
 an old friend, and the Lexicon Medicum as a work 
 constructed on a vast scale, which however never 
 got beyond B). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 374. 
 (He ascribes the Biolychnium to J. Phil. Burggrav.) 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chimrgica, 1775, ii. p. 152. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehr- 
 ten und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1782, ii. p. 76. 
 
 He died in 1775. He was author of a good many 
 works, some of them of considerable magnitude. 
 
 The present preface is not mentioned under 
 their names, but as far as dates, etc., are concerned, 
 it might be by either : in the case of the younger 
 man it would be a very early production, in the 
 case of the elder it would belong to his mature 
 period. 
 
 Presumably it was Burggrav, the younger, who 
 was received into the Leopoldine Academy, 23 
 June, 1741. Had it been the elder, Btichner would 
 have probably recorded the date of his death. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1788, iv. 
 p. 307 (refers to the elder). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 167, 
 437, 785, 788. 
 
 Reuss, Repertonum Commentationum, ' Chemia' 
 1803, p. 147 (quotes only Burggrav the younger). 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke, n.d. , 
 iii. p. 86 (gives an account of both). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 346 (also quotes only 
 Burggrav the younger). 
 
132 BURGHARTBURMAN 
 
 BURGHART (GOTTFRIED HEINRICH). 
 
 Zum allgemeinen Gebrauch Wohleingerichtete Destillier-Kunst, welche in dem 
 ersten Theil von Ab- und Eintheilung, Werckzeugen, allgemeinen Arbeiten 
 und allem dem was diese Kunst iiberhaupt angehet, gnugsame Nachricht 
 giebet; In dem andern Theil aber in bey nahe zweyhundert Processen, 
 die Bereitung verschiedener destillirter Wasser, Brandteweine, Aqua vitse, 
 Ros-solis, fliichtiger-saurer-mineralischer Geister, Oele, Essenzen, Extracte 
 und andrer truckner Chemischen Artzneyen deutlich vortraget ; Und 
 endlich in dem dritten Theile in viertzig Processen vom Einmachen 
 mit Zucker und andern dahin gehorigen Confitur-Kiinsten, einigen Unterricht 
 mittheilet : Nicht nur den Aertzten, Wund-Aertzten und Apotheckern, 
 sondern auch Weinbrennern und Destillatoribus, ingleichen Haufs-Vatern 
 und andern Liebhabern dieser Wissenschafft, zu besondern Nutzen und 
 Gebrauch aufgesetzet von D. Gottfried Heinrich Burghart, Med. Pract. 
 zu Brefslau. Mit Kupffern und einem hinlanglichen Register. Brefslau 
 Bey Johann Jacob Korn. 1736. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] [6] 402 [36]. Title red and black. 6 plates. 
 
 Burghardt was born in 1705 at Reichenbach. appeared the present work, and subsequent editions 
 
 He was sent at the age of 20 to an apothecary in of it enumerated are : 1747 ; 1748 ; with additions, 
 
 Friedland for chemical manipulation, studied medi- 1754; with additions by J. Chn. Wiegleb, 1780. 
 
 cine, graduated in 1730 at Frankfurt on the Oder, In 1736 he began a collection of scientific and 
 
 and travelled a great deal. He practised in Breslau, medical observations entitled Medicorum Silesia- 
 
 wrote papers on medical and surgical topics, and corum satures, which was continued to 1742, in 
 
 afterwards in 1743 was a teacher of mathematics eight parts, and contains papers on mineral 
 
 and physics at the Royal College of Brieg. waters, salts, etc. , etc. He also published obser- 
 
 In 1736 he published Her Sabothicum, or ex- vations on Seignette salt, Breslau, 1749, 8. He 
 
 cursions on the Zothenberg, in which he describes seems to have had some belief in transmutation, 
 
 certain plants growing there. In the same year He died at Breslau in 1776. 
 
 Hirsching, Versuch physicalisch-chemischer Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Lehrbegriffe, 1754, p. 14. 1806-08, p. 260. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 288. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 193 25), iii. p. 87. 
 
 (surgical papers). PoggendorfF, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 112. ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 346. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, ii. pp. 362, 
 37, 485. 595, 773, 775 ! 1799, "i- P- *6. 
 
 BURLEIN (JACOB). 
 
 Disputatio Medica de pernicioso Paracelsistarum Hoplochrismate. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 662, p. 624. 
 
 Haller quotes a dissertation, de feminis ex Jac. Burlin, possibly the same person. Bibliotheca 
 mensium suppressione barbatis, Altd. 1664, 4, by Medicinte practice, 1779, "' P- X 54' 
 
 BURMAN (CHARLES). 
 
 The Lives of those Eminent Antiquaries Elias Ashmole, Esquire, and Mr. 
 William Lilly, written by themselves; containing, first, William Lilly's 
 History of his Life and Times, with Notes, by Mr. Ashmole : Secondly, 
 Lilly's Life and Death of Charles the First : And Lastly, the Life of 
 Elias Ashmole, Esquire. By Way of Diary. With several occasional 
 Letters, By Charles Burman, Esquire. London : Printed for T. Davies, 
 in Russel-Street, Covent Garden. MDCCLXXIV. 
 
 8. Pp. (7) [i blank] 399 [i]. Portfaits of Lilly and Ashmole. 
 
 Ashmole's diary contained in this volume was 1715, with notes and continuation by Ashmole 
 published in 1717 (B. M. 615, a ii) ; Lilly's in (B. M. 1418, a 16), and other editions followed. 
 
B URNE TB URRHUS 
 
 BURNET (DUNCAN). 
 
 latrochymicus, siue de Praeparatione et Compositione Medicamentorum 
 Chymicorum artificiosa Tractatus Duncani Bornetti Scoti : In quo 
 methodice, perspicue ac breviter, quidquid ad latrochymica pertinet, 
 Candidatis Medicinaa ac Philosophic interioris aperitur. Studio ac Opera 
 loannis Danielis Mylii, Wetterano Hassi Medicinae Hippocraticse & 
 Chymicas Candidati nunc primum in lucem editus. Francofurti Typis 
 Nicolai Hoffmanni Sumptibus Lucae Tennis. M. DC. XVI. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 115 [i blank]. With the autograph of " Johann Baptista Grofschedl." 
 Prefixed there is a poem to Burnet by Raphael Eplinus (sic for Eglinus) Iconius (q.v,). 
 
 [Tractat von Zubereitung vnnd rechtem Gebrauch der Chymischen Medica- 
 
 menten.] 
 
 8. Pp. 319 [i blank]. Title wanting. 
 
 The title-page of the German translation begins : 
 
 Tyrocinium Chymicum, das ist : Von Zubereytung vnd Composition der Chy- 
 mischen Medicamenten ein aufsfiihrlicher vnnd trefflicher Tractat . . . Franckfurt, 
 1618. 
 
 Van der Linden quotes the 1616 edition, "editus 
 studio Joan. Dan. Mylii." Mercklin besides the 
 preceding mentions another : Francof. typis 
 Kempfferi, 1621, in 4. Hendreich quotes both the 
 Latin editions and the German translation. Haller 
 in the Bibliotheca Botanica calls him Duncan 
 Burnet, and mentions the edition Francof. 1616, 
 fol. (sic}. But in the Bibliotheca Medicines 
 practices, he says: Duncani Borneti latro chemicus 
 s. de prasparatione . . . medicamentorum, ed. 
 altera studio J. Dan. Mylii Francof. 1616, 4. 
 Luccse, 1621, 4, and (also by Burnet) : Tyro- 
 cinium chemicum Francof. 1618, 8. This last is 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scrip tis medicis libri duo, 
 1637, P- 138. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 252. 
 
 Hendreich, Pandectce Brandenburgicce , 1699, p. 
 664. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 31. 
 
 BURRHUS (JOSEPHUS FRANCISCUS). 
 See BORRI (GIOSEPPE FRANCESCO). 
 
 the German translation. So far as I am aware 
 the word 'altera' in the preceding title is an 
 insertion of Haller's own. The word does not 
 occur in the title of the 1616 edition, and possibly 
 Haller copying the title from Van der Linden, and 
 considering that the book was edited by Mylius, 
 may have thought that a previous edition had been 
 printed by the author himself, or he may have 
 meant the word to apply to the edition of 1621 
 only. Anyhow Mylius' own statement is plain 
 enough. 
 Gmelin copying Haller makes the same mistake. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 371. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 420. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practical, 1777, ii. 
 
 P- 455- 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 520. 
 
134 C. (C.)-C. (R. If.) 
 
 C. (C.), L., i.e. Conrad Cunrath, Lipsensis. 
 
 See KHUNRATH (CONRAD), 
 
 C. (E.), D.M. 
 
 Ueber allgemeine Arzneien. 
 
 See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1784, i. p. 291. 
 I assume that the author's initials are E. C., and that D. M. denote Doctor Medicinae. 
 
 C. G. H. 
 
 See H. (c. G.). 
 
 C. (H. D.). 
 
 Wahrhaffter und in der Natur gegriindeter Bericht von der Generation und 
 Regeneration der Metallen zu dem i nach dem truckenen Weg, auf Danielis 
 Georgii Morhofii Epistel an Joelem Langelottum, durch H. d. C. 
 MDCCXVI. 
 
 8. Pp. 15 [i blank]. Without place and printer. 
 
 Wahrhaffter und in der Natur gegriindeter Bericht von der Generation und 
 Regeneration der Metallen . . . auf Danielis Georgii Morhofii Epistel an 
 Joelem Langelottum durch H. d. C. MDCCXVI. 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 331. 
 
 C. (J.), Chymierastes. 
 
 Das Geheimnifs der hermetischen Philosophic. [Sendbrief an] Den Lieb- 
 habern der Hermetischen Philosophic. 
 See CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein, 1747, p. 80. 
 
 C. (J. E.). 
 
 See ERCKER (LAZARUS), 1736. 
 \ 
 
 C. (L.), i.e. Combach (Ludwig). 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. J. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772, I. ii. p. 159. 
 
 C. (P.). 
 
 Georg Phaedronis . . . Arcana. 
 
 See TENTZEL (ANDREAS), Chymisch-Spagyrische Artzney-Kunst, 1736. 
 
 C. (R. H.). 
 
 Sec HOLLANDUS (ISAAC), Curieuse und rare Chymische Operationes, 1714. 
 
C. V. M. V. S. CABALA 
 
 C. V. M. V. S. 
 
 See PRACTICA Leonis Viridis, 1619. 
 
 C. (W.), i.e. Cooper (William). 
 
 See PHILALETHA (EYR^ENEUS), Secrets Reveal'd, 1669. 
 
 Of William Cooper, bookseller at the Pelican in 
 Little Britain in the latter half of the seventeenth 
 century, I have found no biographical notice. All 
 that one can infer is that he was devoted to 
 Alchemy, wrote on it, translated treatises dealing 
 with it, edited collections of tracts upon it, and 
 made the publication and sale of books about it a 
 specialty of his business. But independently of 
 the commercial side of the question, he must have 
 been himself a keen collector of English treatises 
 in the first instance, but without neglecting those 
 in other languages, for he tells us that he not only 
 had most of the English books for sale, but many 
 of those enumerated by Borel. 
 
 Among the books edited and published by him 
 there are the following : 
 
 Philaletha, Secrets Reveal'd, 1669. 
 
 The Philosophical Epitaph, 1673. 
 
 A Catalogue of Chymical Books, 1675. 
 
 Ripley Reviv'd, 1678. 
 
 CAB^EUS (NICOLAUS). 
 
 See CABEUS (NICOLAUS). 
 
 CABALA Chymica. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), 1606. 
 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Aperta Area Arcani Artificiossimi, 1687, p. 117. 
 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN), Philosophia Salomonis, 1753, p. 102. 
 
 Aurifontina Chymica, 1680. 
 
 Collectanea Chymica, 1684. 
 
 Geber's Works, 1686. 
 
 Wm. Simpson, Zymologia Physica [1670]. 
 
 The Catalogue was issued by itself in a thin 
 pamphlet in 1675, not P a R e d, and it appeared also 
 along with the Philosophical Epitaph of 1673. It 
 consists of English books solely, and it may con- 
 tain some five or six hundred entries on a rough 
 calculation. 
 
 Besides it, Cooper issued other lists, appended 
 to his various publications, and as these appeared 
 at later dates, they sometimes contain books which 
 could not be in the original Catalogue. To do 
 justice, therefore, to Cooper's knowledge of the 
 literature one must include these lists as supple- 
 mental to the Catalogue. Making necessary 
 allowances for the period, the Catalogue is very 
 well done, and is an advance in detail and precise 
 information on Borel's Bibliotheca. 
 
 This tract with its illustration is included of 
 course in the reprint of Grasshoff s book by Manget 
 and in the Theatrum Chemicum. 
 
 A work entitled Cabbala Chymica ab Anonymo 
 quodam compilata, Hamb. , 1684, 8, is mentioned 
 in the Beytrag, 1785, p. 636, but I do not know 
 whether it has any connection with the above or 
 not. Lenglet Dufresnoy (Histoire de la Philosophic 
 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 342) speaks of Cabala 
 Chymica, Hamburg!, 1680, 8. It may be an 
 earlier edition, but I have no means of deciding the 
 question. Borrichius, who also quotes the 1680 
 edition (Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorwn, 1697, 
 p. 40, No. LXin.), says it is more useful for 
 advanced students than for beginners. 
 
 CABALA, Spiegel der Kunst vnd Natur : in Alchimia. Was der Weisen vralte 
 Stein, doch fiir ein ding sey, der, da dreyfach, vnd nur ein Stein ist. Welches 
 alien miiheseligen liebhabern der Kunst zu Ehren, mit hilff Gottes, so klar 
 als ein Spiegel furgestelt : Dauon vil bifshero geschrieben, aber wenigen 
 bekandt. Gantz offenbar mit kurtzen worten, der gantzen Warheit, durch 
 disc beyligende Figuren, erklart, vnd an tag gegeben. Durch einen vnbe- 
 kandten, doch genandten, wie jhm das Signet in diser ersten Figur zeugknufs 
 gibt. Gedruckt zu Augspurg, bey Dauid Francken, in verlegung Steffan 
 Michelspachers aufs Tyroll. 1616. 
 
 4. Signatures A, B in fours. 64 is blank. Four engraved symbolical plates. 
 
 Cabala, Spiegel der Kunst- und Natur: in Alchymia. Was der Weisen 
 vralte Stein, doch fiir ein ding sey, der, da dreyfach, und nur ein Stein ist. 
 Welches allem miiheseligen Liebhabern der Kunst zu Ehren, mit Hiilff 
 Gottes, so klar als ein Spiegel furgestelt : Davon vil bifshero geschrieben., 
 aber wenigen bekand. Gantz offenbar mit kurtzen Worten, der gantzen 
 
136 
 
 CABALA- C ABE US 
 
 CABALA. Continued, 
 
 Warheit, durch disc beyligende Figuren, erklart, vnd an Tag gegeben. 
 Durch einen unbekandten, doch genannten, wie ihm das Signet in diser 
 ersten Figur Zeugnufs gibt. [Vignette.] Gedruckt zu Augspurg, bey 
 Johann Schultes, in Verlegung Job: Weh Buchhandler. 1663. 
 4. Signatures A-B 3 in fours. 64 (blank?) is wanting. Four engraved symbolical plates. 
 
 Kopp quotes as the first edition, one of Augs- 
 burg, 1615, and an edition with a Latin title, 1616, 
 which was reprinted without the author's name at 
 Leipzig in 1704, and at Augsburg in 1704 and 
 1716. In the Ouvarpff Catalogue there is a 
 German edition, Leipzig, 1704. Besides the pre- 
 sent two editions of 1616 and 1663, there is a third, 
 Augsburg, 1690, small 4. I have not seen a Latin 
 version. 
 
 Kopp assigns the book to Michelspacher himself. 
 His name appears on the first plate as the printer, 
 but it seems also to be contained in a monogram 
 on the same plate, and it is to this possibly that 
 allusion is made in the title. The dedicatory 
 epistle to Dr. Johann Remmelin of Ulm is signed 
 by Steffan Michelspacher from the Tyrol, in 
 course of which he states that the author's name 
 is indicated in a symbolical way in the tract. In 
 the successive editions the date at the end of this 
 epistle is altered to suit the year of publication, so 
 that we get the years 1615, 1662, and 1690 as those 
 in which Michelspacher wrote the letter. If the 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 
 1637, p. 436. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chtmica, 1654, p. 213. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 983. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 36. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, II. i. p. 336. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 548. 
 
 CABEUS (NICOLAUS). 
 
 Philosophia Magnetica in qua Magnetis natura penitus explicatur, et omnium 
 quse hoc Lapide cernuntur causae proprise afferunter : Nova etiam Pyxis 
 construitur, quae propriam Poli Elevationem, cum suo meridiano, vbique 
 demonstrat. Auctore Nicolao Cabeo Ferrariensi Soc. Jesu. Ad Ludovicum 
 XIII. Galliarum, et Navarrae Regem Christianissimum. Ferrari^ apud 
 Franciscum Suecium superiorum permissu. 1629. 
 
 Folio in sixes, pp. [16] 412. Index [12]. Engraved title-page. 
 
 same plan be followed in the editions of 1704 and 
 1716, Michelspacher would thereby be made a few 
 years more than a centenarian. 
 
 The plates are identical in three editions I have 
 seen, but each impression is worse than the one 
 before it. 
 
 If the above be correct, then the editor or author 
 is probably identical with Stephan Michelspacher, 
 a physician from the Tyrol, author of an anatomi- 
 cal work called Pinax microcosmographicus , s. 1. 
 1615, 4, with plates, quoted by Van der Linden, 
 Mercklin, Manget, and Kestner. 
 
 Fictuld says briefly that the plates contain the 
 whole operations, "to the skilful eye they are 
 ravishing ; but to the ignorant only ' Bohemian 
 villages.' " 
 
 Borel writes the putative author's name Stephanus 
 Michel Spacherus, Tirolensis, and quotes the 1616 
 edition, but all the other authorities, including the 
 owner of the name himself, spells it Michelspacher. 
 
 The only edition mentioned by Gmelin is that 
 dated : August. Vindel. , 1654, 4. 
 
 Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. 
 col. 521. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 60. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 624. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1299. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 230. 
 
 There is an edition : Colon. , 1629, folio, of which 
 there is a copy in the British Museum. 
 
 Cabeus was born at Ferrara in 1585, at the age 
 of 17 joined the Order of the Jesuits, was professor 
 of Moral Philosophy and Mathematics at Parma, 
 became a preacher in several places in Italy, went 
 to Genoa as teacher of Mathematics and died there 
 30 June, 1650. He wrote also a commentary on 
 the ' Meteorologica ' of Aristotle. 
 
 Alegambe, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis 
 Jesu, Antverp., 1643, p. 351. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Aaa i verso, 
 30 June, 1650. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce, 
 
 I73 2 . PP- 39-40. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, n. p. 410. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1733, v. col. 14. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1532. 
 
 The present work was long subsequent to 
 Gilbert's, whose views on certain points he criticises 
 and tries to systematize. He was the first to notice 
 electrical repulsion. 
 
 For the early history of magnetism the most 
 important work is the privately printed volume of 
 notes by Prof. Sylvanus P. Thompson, issued with 
 the English translation of the work De Magnete of 
 Dr. William Gilbert of Colchester, 1901, small fol. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1802, ii. p. 244, 
 & passim. 
 
 Backer, Bibliotheque des Ecrivains de la Com- 
 pagnie de Jlsus, Liege, 1853, i re S^rie, p. 159 (says 
 he was born in 1602). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wort 'erbuch, 1863, i. col. 355. 
 
 Poggendorff, Geschichte der Physik, 1879, p. 286. 
 
CAESAR CAMERARIUS 137 
 
 CAESAR (THEOPHILUS). 
 
 Alchimy Spiegel : oder kurtz entworffene Practick, der gantzen Chymischen 
 Kunst : neben Anzeig, welche darzu tiiglich seyen, oder nit : Was fur ander 
 herzliche treffentliche Kiinsten daher entspringen : Wie der Alten mit 
 seltzamen verdunckelten Reden vnd Wortern hievon beschriebene Biicher 
 zuverstehen : Vnd darinnen sonderlich der falschen Alchimisten Betrug 
 entdecket wird. Alles in zweyen lustigen Gesprachen verfasset: Vnd 
 das erste vor diesem aufs dem Arabischen von Roberto Castrensi in Latein, 
 Nun aber sampt dem andern so newlich Lateinisch beschriben vvorden, 
 in vnser Teutsche Sprach vbergesetzt, Durch Theophilum Caesarem August. 
 Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, in Verlegung Vincentii Steinmeyers. 
 MDCXIII. 
 
 8. Pp. 116. Title red and black. 
 
 P. 116. Colophon: Gedruckt zu Darmbstatt, bey Balthasar Hofmann, in Ver- 
 legung Vincentii Steinmeyers, im Jahr Christi 1613. 
 
 The preface is dated 1597, which points to an (pp. 86-116) is an anonymous dialogue "von der 
 
 earlier edition ; Kopp mentions one of 1595, and Kunst Alchimisterey," between Chrysophilus and 
 
 adds that the book was often reprinted, but says Theophrastus. On p. 86 is a woodcut of a walled 
 
 nothing of the author. It is in two parts. The city, with the appearance of a battle going on in 
 
 first (pp. 14-85) is a translation of the dialogue, De the clouds above it ; a common enough medieval 
 
 transfiguratione metallorum ascribed to MORIENUS portent or vision. 
 (q.v.), translated by Robertus Castrensis ; the second 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire dt la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 499. 
 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 130. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 322. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohcrn Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 3153. 
 P- 597- 
 
 CAJETANO (DOMENICO MANUEL). 
 
 See KLETTENBERG (jOHANN HEKTOR VON). 
 
 CALCINATIO Metallorum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1 66 1, vi. p. 559. 
 Strictly this is a section of a tract De Adrop Philosophico, by GUIDO DE MONTE (q.v.). 
 
 CALID. 
 
 See KALID. 
 
 CAMERARIUS (ELIAS). 
 
 Q.D.B.V. Eliae Camerarii, Medic. Doct. & Professoris in Academia Tubing. 
 Extraord. Acad. Caes. Leop. N. C. Colleg. d. Hector III. Dissertationes 
 Tres, exhibentes 
 
 I. Spirituum animalium statum naturalem, et P.N. occasione experi- 
 
 menti Bellino-Bohniani. 
 
 II. Spiritum D. Boylii fumantem obviaque circa ipsum phenomena. 
 III. Usum et abusum potuum Thee et Gaffe in his regionibus. 
 Praefatio quaedam de Nuckianis Mercurij injectionibus continet. Tubingae, 
 Impensis Philiberti Brunnii. Typis Joh. Conradi Reisii. Anno MDCXCIV. 
 
 8. The tracts have separate signatures and pagination : title, dedication, preface, 
 and verses, pp. [16] ; Tract I. pp. 62 ; Tract II. pp. 48 ; Tract III. pp. 62. Tracts II. 
 and III. have been transposed in the binding. 
 
 Camerarius, born 17 Feb., 1673 (1672), at Tiibin- dissertations. In Tubingen he made experiments 
 gen, belonged to a family in which the art of heal- with ammonium sulphide, which he calls the 
 ing was hereditary. He became a distinguished "fuming spirit of Boyle," though it was in reality 
 professor at Tubingen, physician and councillor known to if not discovered by Beguinus. Albrecht 
 of the Duke of Wurtemberg, a member of the von Haller was one of his students, as he himself 
 Academia Naturae Curiosorum from 1692, and tells us. Camerarius died 6 (8) Feb., 1734, at 
 was the author of numerous medical treatises and Tubingen. 
 
138 
 
 CAM ERARIUS CAMPANELLA 
 
 CAMERARIUS (ELIAS). Continued. 
 
 See the following for other members of the 
 family, for Camerarius' own life, and for his works 
 and dissertations : 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 36. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 7-23 (contains reviews of his works 
 and a reprint of his funeral oration by the then 
 Rector). 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce, 
 *73 2 . P- 40 (refers to his " Dissertationes Tauri- 
 nenses," Tubing., 1712, 1717, 8). 
 
 Acta Physico-Medica Academics . . . Natures 
 Curiosorum, Norimb. , 1740, v. , Appendix, pp. 169- 
 176. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 168. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1591. 
 
 Biichner, Academice . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 479, No. 192. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chirtirgie, 
 1770, iv. p. 215. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 19. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 748 ; 
 
 1777, ii. p. 769. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 538. 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 
 1778, i. p. 515. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotlieca Medicincc practice, 1788, iv. 
 p. 92. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1798, ii. pp. 355, 
 638, 763. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke, iii. p. 
 122 (an excellent list of his dissertations). 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 406. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mdde- 
 cine, 1831, I. ii. p. 609. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mddicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 177. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtnirale, 1855, viii. col. 
 
 3 2 5- 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mdi- 
 cales, 1870, xi. p. 778. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1876, iii. p. 719. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1881, ii. p. 654. 
 
 CAMPANELLA (THOMAS). 
 
 Thomas Campanella Ord. Prsed. De Sensu Rerum, & Magia, Libros Quatuor, 
 [In quibus Mundum esse vivam Dei Statuam, omnesque illius partes, 
 partiiimque particulas Sensu donatas esse, alias clariori, alias obscuriori, 
 quantus ipsarum sufficit conseruationi, ac Totius in quo consentiunt, pro- 
 batur. Ac Arcanorum naturalium rationes aperiuntur.J 
 
 Correctos & Defenses a stupidorum incolarum Mundi calumniis per 
 Argumenta & Testimonia Diuinorum Codicum, Naturae, sc. ac Scripturae, 
 eorumdemque Interpretum, scilicet, Theologorum & Philosophorum, exceptis 
 Atheis.] lure potissimo dedicat consecratque. Parisiis, Apud Ludovicum 
 Boullenger, via lacobsea, sub signo sancti Ludouici, prope sancti Yues. 
 M. DC. XXXVI. Cum Privilegio Regis. 
 
 4*. Pp. [16] 92 ; 229 [i blank]. Engraving of Richelieu's arms at the top of the 
 title-page. 
 
 Campanella was born at Stilo in Calabria, 5 
 Sept., 1568, became a Dominican, and won much 
 fame as a disputant. He had great learning, a 
 powerful memory, and a lively imagination, and 
 strove to start so many new notions in Philosophy 
 and Medicine that he was accused of magic, 
 atheism, and even treason, was imprisoned in 
 Naples in 1599, and continued there for five and 
 twenty years, besides being occasionally subjected 
 to torture. He was liberated by Urban VIII. in 
 1626, went to France in 1634, received a pension, 
 and died at Paris, 2ist May, 1639. 
 
 His writings were voluminous, many of them 
 
 Joh. Valentin Andrese, Mythologia Christiana, 
 1619, p. 10. 
 
 Janus Nicius Erythraeus (Giov. Victor Rossi), 
 Pinacotheca Imaginum illustrium doctrines vel 
 ingenii laude Virorum, Lipsias, 1643, i. pp. 41-43 ; 
 1712, i. pp. 41-43. 
 
 Crasso, Elogii a" Huomini Letterati, Venetia, 
 1666, ii. pp. 243-246, with a portrait. 
 
 Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana et Apparato agli 
 Huomini illustri in lettere di Napoli, 1678, p. 293. 
 
 were printed, but a large number exist or existed 
 only in manuscript. 
 
 The present work is dedicated to Cardinal 
 Richelieu. It does not deal with Alchemy, but 
 describes a kind of cosmology or speculative 
 physics, in course of which he tries to prove that 
 everything is possessed of feeling. He discusses 
 the senses, the intellect, the soul, immortality, 
 physiognomy, anima mundi, the external world, 
 sympathy and antipathy, magic. 
 
 First edited by Tobias Adami, it appeared at 
 Frankfurt, 1620, 4, with a fine engraved title-page. 
 
 Another notable work of his is the ' Civitas 
 Solis,' the description of an ideal State. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Oo 2 
 recto, Ann. 1639. 
 
 Ern. Sal. Cyprianus, Vita et Philosophia Thorn. 
 Campanella:, Amstel. , 1705, 8 ; 1722, 8. 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura Celebrium Autorum, 1710, 
 
 P- 936. 
 
 Jo. Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecce Fabnctanee 
 Pars ///., 1719, p. 470; Pars V., 1722, p. 434. 
 
 Quetif & Echard, Scriptores Ordinis Preedica- 
 torum, 1721, ii. pp. 505-521. 
 
CAMPANELLACANEPAR1US 
 
 139 
 
 CAMPANELLA (THOMAS). Continued. 
 
 Barchusen, De Medicituz Origine et Progressu 
 Dissertation.es, 1723, Dissert, xxi. p. 432. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Hhtorie der Gelahrheit, 
 1727, pp. 404, 549 ; 1736, pp. 421, 422, 527, 577, 
 752, and Zusatze, pp. 151, 172, 186. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires, 1729, vii. pp. 67-86 ; 1731, 
 x. 232. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, ii. p. 241, &c. 
 
 Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1733, v. col. 451. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 169. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historie, 1741, 
 Th. iii. c. viii. 37 (T. ii. p. 400). 
 
 Vogt, Catalogus . . . Libi'orum rariorum, Ed. 
 tert. 1747, p. 165. 
 
 Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 
 1750, Letter C, p. 24. 
 
 Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. 193. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1601. 
 
 MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, 
 iii. p. 105. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, IV. 
 ii. p. 107 ; 1767, vi. p. 824. 
 
 Job. Matth. Schrockh, Abbildungen und L^bens- 
 beschreibungen beriihmter Gelehrten, Leipz. , 1766, 
 i ste Sammlung, 2 e Edit. , pp. 68-79. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 344. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 520. 
 
 Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophic, 
 1796, v. p. 542. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1801, i. p. 28. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 
 1812, viii. p. 164, &c. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors), 
 187 v. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 
 1826, xv. p. 30. 
 
 Rixner & Siber, I^eben und Lehrmeinungen 
 beriihmter Physiker, vi. Heft, Sulzbach, 1826. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 26. 
 
 Dezeiineris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mdde- 
 cine, 1831, I. ii. p. 610. 
 
 Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Litterdr- 
 geschichte, 1852, III. i. pp. 682, 901, 903, 982, 1072 ; 
 1853, III. ii. pp. 320, 671. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mitlel- 
 alters, 1866, iii. pp. 343-366. 
 
 Punjer, Geschichte der christlichen Religions- 
 philosophie seit der Reformation, 1880, i. p. 75 ; and 
 in the English translation, 1887, p. 101. 
 
 Moriz Carriere, Die philosophische Weltan- 
 schauung der Reformationszeit, 1887, 2 e Aufl. 2 er 
 Theil, pp. 215-296. 
 
 CAMPESIUS (JOANNES ANTONIUS). 
 
 Directorium Summse Summarum Medicinse, ad administrandum divinam 
 Medicinam seu Lapidem Philosophorum in aegritudinum cura. 
 See ULSTAD (PHILIP), Coelum Philosophorum, 1630, pp. 197-230. 
 
 and consequently it does not appear in Gmelin and 
 Schmieder. 
 
 It was known to Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 
 1654, P- 55- 
 
 The author is just mentioned by Jocher (Allge- 
 meines Gelehrten-I^xicon, 1750, i. col. 1609), but 
 nothing is added to the bare fact that he lived in 
 the 17111 century, and wrote the above book. His 
 tract is not quoted by Haller or Lenglet Dufresnoy, 
 
 CAMPY (DAVID DE PLANIS). 
 
 See PLANIS CAMPY (DAVID DE). 
 
 CANDIDA Phoenix Philosophica oder auffrichtige Beschreibung der Materiae 
 Lapidis und des Mercurii Philosophorum, durch die Gleich- und Geheim- 
 nufs des Regenwassers. Worbenebenst zugleich die vera principia der 
 Hermetischen Philosophise getreulich deut- und klarlich, wie auch die 
 Operationes gedachter Materiae und des Subjecti artis, sattsam angezeigt und 
 vorgetragen werden. Erster Theil. 
 
 Symbol. Philosophic. 
 Prece, lectione, meditatione & labore. 
 Franckfurt am Mayn, verlegts Christian Hermsdorff. M DC LXXX. 
 
 12. Erster Theil, pp. 1-52 ; Anderer Theil, pp. 53-245. Register, pp. [15]. The 
 second part has a short title, included in the pagination. 
 
 another, Leipzig, 1717, 8, enumerated in the 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 632, but there is no mention of the author. 
 
 As the Phoenix was an alchemical symbol, the 
 name occurs repeatedly in the literature. See 
 PHOENIX, and compare Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, 
 ii. p. 381. Besides the present edition there is 
 
 CANEPARIUS (PETRUS MARIA). 
 
 De Atramentis cuiuscunque generis. Opus sane nouum hactenus a nemine 
 promulgatum in sex Descriptiones digestum. Auctore Petro Maria Canepario 
 
140 CANEPARIUSCAPICIUS 
 
 CANEPARIUS (PETRUS MARIA). Continued. 
 
 Cremensi Medico, & Philosopho, Venetiis Medicinam profitenti. Superiorum 
 permissu, & Priuilegio. Venetiis, MDCXIX. Apud Euangelistam 
 
 Deuchinum. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 368. Symbolical vignette. 
 
 He is named P. Antonius Caneparius by Arisius, tions on Chemistry and Medicine. Rudolff says 
 
 who also says that he flourished in 1563, which the first edition was published at Venice in 1598 and 
 
 seems too early. He was born al Crema, was pro- afterwards at London in 1618. I have not seen 
 
 fessor of Medicine at Venice, and published his these editions. It was reprinted at Venice in 1629, 
 
 book de Atramentis. It is not very well arranged at London in 1642 and 1660, and at Rotterdam in 
 
 or written, but it contains a number of observa- 1718. Fuchs cites one of Rotterdam, 1711, 4. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 55. Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metal- 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatvs, 1686, p. 898. liccs, 1732, p. 41. 
 
 Conring, In Universalem Artem Medicam . . . Kestner, Kteditinisch.es Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 Introductio, 1687, p. 288 (Addit. Schelhammeri). p. 172. 
 
 Arisius, Cremona literata, 1702, ii. p. 292. Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 
 Johann Heinrich Rudolff, Elementa Amalga- HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 131. 
 
 mationis, 1712, 4 ; in Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 
 Theatrtim Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 463. col. 1622. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliographia Antiquaria, Hamb. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 602. 
 
 1716, p. 627 ; or, Hamb. 1760, p. 961. Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorttm Medicorum, 1806-08, p. 118. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 26. ' Notes on Books of Secrets,' Transactions of the 
 
 . Archaeological Society of Glasgow, 1883, ii. p. 195. 
 
 CANONES. 
 Canones. 
 
 See PHILOSOPHISCHE REGELN oder Canones. 
 
 Canones decem. 
 
 See CLAVES (GASTON DE). 
 
 Quinquaginta septem Canones de Opere Physico. 
 See PENOTUS (BERNARD G.). 
 
 In Theatrum Chemicum, 1656, ii. p. 133. 
 
 CANTHIER. 
 
 See JURAIN (ABTALA). 
 
 CAPELLO (GIOVANNI BATTISTA). 
 
 Lessico Farmaceutico-Chimico contenente Ii Rimedj piii usati d' oggidi di 
 Gio : Battista Capello undecima impressione riveduta, accresciuta, e da 
 molti error! emendata da Lorenzo Capello suo Nipote Speziale all' Insegna 
 de' tre Monti in Campo di Sant' Appolinare. In Venezia MDCCXCII. 
 Appresso Pietro Savioni sul Ponte de' Baretteri all' Insegna della Nave 
 Con Licenza de' Superiori, e Privilegio. 
 
 4. Pp. 284. 
 
 This book contains a short sketch of the history purple of the Ancients and Moderns, and certain 
 of pharmacy in Venice, and dissertations on the other pharmaceutical subjects. 
 
 CAPICIUS (SciPio). 
 
 De principiis rerum poema. 
 
 See CONTARENI (GASPARO), De elementis . . . Libri quinque, 1548. 
 
 Capicius or Capitius or Capycius, or Capece, present poem was first printed by Aldus at Venice 
 
 called Galeota, came of an ancient Neapolitan in 1546 ; one edition appeared at Paris, 1548, 8, 
 
 family, and was distinguished by his Latin poems, and another at Frankfurt in 1631. In it he deduces 
 
 and by a work on the Magistracy of the kingdom all things from air. 
 of Naples compared with that of Rome. The 
 
CAPICIUS-CARDANO 141 
 
 CAPICIUS (SciPio). Continued. 
 
 Crasso, Elogii a" Huomini Letterati, 1666, ii. Jocher, Allgemeines Gdehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 
 p. 176. col. 1655. 
 
 Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana, 1678, p. 280. Renouard, Annales de T Imprimerie des Aide, 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, Paris, 1825, i. p. 326, No. 12. 
 
 ii. p. 39. 
 
 CAPRERIUS (ALEXANDER). 
 
 See CARERIUS (ALEXANDER). 
 
 CAPUT de Sale Alchali. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Venc Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 258. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. l8o. 
 
 CARAMUELIUS (ASPASIUS). 
 See SCHOTT (CASPAR). 
 
 CARANTA (IAGO). 
 
 lacobi Carantae Cuneatis Doctoris Philosophi, & Medici Decadum Medico- 
 physicarum Liber Primus De Natura Auri Arte Facti, & num sit Pharmacum 
 cordiale. Rerum varietate, nee passim obuiorum, obiter, vel omnino 
 praetermissorum explicatione Philosophis, & Medicis gratum, & necessarium 
 opus. Ad Sereniss. Principem Subalpinorum. Sauiliani, Apud Christo- 
 phorum Strabellam. 1623. Superiorum permissu. 
 4. Pp. [40] 288. [2, 2 blank.] 
 
 Book II., which gives an account of a case of The present work is mentioned quite fully by 
 
 hydrophobia, is referred to by Haller, but the Borel, by Lenglet Dufresnoy, and by Gmelin. 
 
 author of the Beytrag opines that it is not a topic Jocher prefers to call him Caranza, and quotes 
 
 an artist would like ! the present collection of tracts. 
 
 There was an early edition of the present work, 
 according to Leupold, Sevill. 1613, 4. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 56; 1656, Portal, Histoire de V Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 
 p. 53- 177. ii. p. 440. 
 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 350. 
 1732, p. 41. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 310. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 131. p. 608. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gdehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 502, 
 
 col. 1663. 568. 
 
 CARAVANTA HISPANUS. 
 Practica. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Veras Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 264. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 1 88. 
 
 Nicolas Antonio calls him Caravantes, and styles him Anonymus, Bibliotheca Hispana Nova, 
 Matriti, 1788, ii. Nova Appendix, p. 406. 
 
 CARDANO (GIROLAMO). 
 
 Hieronymi Cardani Mediolanensis Medici De Rerum Varietate Libri xvn. 
 Adiectus est capitum, rerum & sententiarum notatu dignissimarum Index. 
 Cum Caesarese Maiestatis gratia & priuilegio. Neq; deest illud Christianissimi 
 Galliarum regis, ut uersa pagina indicat. Basileae, Anno M.D.LVII. 
 
 Folio, in sixes. Pp. [12] 707 [i blank] [32]. Numerous small woodcuts in the text. 
 Some MS. notes. Vignette of Cardan, aged 49, dated 1553, on the title-page. 
 
 Colophon: Basilese, per Henrichum Petri, Anno M.D.LVII. 
 
 This treatise is reprinted in the third volume of Cardan's Collected Works, 10 vols., Lugd. 1663, 
 in folio. 
 
142 CARDANO 
 
 CARDANO (GIROLAMO). Continued. 
 
 Offenbarung der Natur vnd Natiirlicher Dingen, auch mancherley wunderbar- 
 lichen und subtilen Wiirckungen : Durch den Hochgelehrten vnd weit- 
 beriimpten Herren Hieronymum Cardanum, der Artzney Doctorn zu Meyland 
 in Latein beschrieben : Darinn auffs aller kiinstlichste und fleissigste die 
 Art vnnd Eigenschafft des gantzen vmbkreifs der Welt, beydes Himlischer 
 vnd Elementischer Spheren, der Cometen, Gestirns, Metallen, Gesteinen, 
 Eynflufs vnd Wiirckung, sampt den Pflantzungen und seltzamen arten der 
 Beumen, Menschen vnd Thieren, Wild vnd Zam, begriffen : Sampt einer 
 Newen Form vnd weifs die Safft allerley Kreuteren artlich heraufs zu ziehen, 
 mit verzeichnung der Instrumenten darzu kommlich vnd nutzlich : Item, 
 Vom Tryb vnd Bewegnussen, welche durch das Fewer verrichtet, alfs die 
 Alchymey, Destination, vnd anderen Kiinsten, Handtwercken vnd verborgenen 
 Sachen, die gleich alfs ob sie wider die Natur geschehen, wol zu verwunderen. 
 Letstlich, vieler Lenderen, Volckeren, vnd Stetten seltzame Gebreuch, Sitten, 
 vnd anderem, so bifsher von wenigen angezeiget vnd eroffnet worden, wie 
 aufs nachvolgendem Register genugsamlich abzunemmen. Jetz newlich 
 gemeinem Vatterlandt zu gutem in die verstendtliche Teutsche zungen 
 gebracht, durch Hulderichum Frolich von Plawen. Cum gratia & priuileg. 
 Cses. Maiest. Getruckt zu Basel, durch Sebastianum Henricpetri. 
 
 Folio, in sixes. Pp. [30, 2 blank] dcccxxviij. [2]. Title red and black : Medallion 
 portrait of Cardan, aged 49, on the reverse and small woodcuts in the text. The last 
 leaf, not numbered, contains the colophon : Getruckt zu Basel, Durch Sebastianum 
 Henricpetri, im Jar nach der gnadreichen Geburt Jesu Christi, M.D.XCI., and on the 
 reverse the printer's device: a hand from a cloud striking with a broad-headed hammer 
 on the top of a flaming rock. 
 
 The present translation contains the whole of the some little time, during which he made a great 
 
 De Varietate preceding, and also (pp. dclxxxvii.- improvement on the Archbishop's health but he 
 
 end) an abstract of the more important matters in refused an invitation to settle here. At this time 
 
 the 21 books of the De Subtilitate. This latter was Scaliger (q.v.) published his criticism of Cardan's 
 
 printed in 1550, passed through many editions, work De Subtilitate, but in the opinion of their 
 
 was translated into French and is contained in the contemporaries, they were unequally matched, and 
 
 third volume of Cardan's works. the superiority lay with Cardan, who was greatly his 
 
 This German translation, according to Haller, superior in scientific knowledge, 
 was printed at Basel, 1559, 1593, 1597, all in folio. In 1560 the great affliction of his life fell upon 
 
 Cardan was born at Pavia, 24 September, 1501, him. His eldest son Giambattista was seized on a 
 
 passed his childhood and youth in neglect and the charge of poisoning his own wife he admitted the 
 
 harshest treatment, and as a consequence in bad crime, and though his father did all he could to 
 
 health. When he was nineteen years of age he secure a mitigation of the sentence, he was executed 
 
 studied arithmetic and algebra at Pavia, in 1524 on 7 April, 1560. From this catastrophe Cardan 
 
 began medicine at Padua and graduated in 1526. never recovered. In 1662 he resigned his chair at 
 
 The College of Physicians at Milan would not Pavia and went to Bologna, and after a good many 
 
 admit him a member, and though he struggled difficulties accepted a post there as teacher. He 
 
 hard to make a living by teaching, by practice and endured much trouble, was imprisoned, and though 
 
 by writing, he sunk gradually into absolute poverty. he was at last liberated, he was forbidden to teach 
 
 At last in 1539 he gained admission to the College, or to write. He went afterwards to Rome, and 
 
 and in 1543 was appointed to the chair of Medicine there his death occurred on 20 Sept., 1576, and 
 
 in Pavia University. In 1545 he published his he was finally interred at Milan beside his father, 
 treatise on Algebra, which was an important con- Cardan was a scholar, philosopher, physician, 
 
 tribution to the science. By 1546 his fortunes mathematician, astrologer, gambler. He was also 
 
 began to take a turn for the better ; he received a a voluminous writer ; his works fill 10 folio volumes, 
 
 better salary from his chair, and he continued to in the edition printed at Lyons in 1663. Though 
 
 write books, when in 1551 came the invitation to he refers in the work De Subtilitate to chemical 
 
 him to give his opinion on the illness of Archbishop topics, he was not a chemist or alchemist, and he 
 
 Hamilton of St. Andrews. This ultimately in- has not left any special book on the subject, 
 volved a visit to Scotland and a residence here for 
 
 Joannes Matthseus Toscanus, Peplus Italice, 1578, Naude\ Apologie pour tous les Grands Person- 
 
 p. 104, No. clxxiiii. nages . . . soup(onn e~s de Magie, 1625, p. 343 -W- 
 
 Johann Valentin Andreae, Mythologia Christiana, Tomasini, Illustrium Virorum Elogia, iconibus 
 
 1619, pp. 17, 36. exornata, Patavii, 1630, p. 55 (with a portrait). 
 
CARD A NO- CARDIL UCIUS 
 
 143 
 
 CARDANO (GIROLAMO). Continued. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 205. 
 
 Ghilini, Teatrod' HuominiLetterati, 1647, i. p. 115. 
 
 Borel, Bibllotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 56. 
 
 Vossius, De Universes Mathesios Natura & Con- 
 stitutione Liber, 1660, pp. 41, 231, 301, 380. 
 
 Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini Letterati, Venetia, 
 1666, ii. pp. 27-35 (with a portrait). 
 
 Saml. Parker, Disputatio de Deo et providentia 
 divina, 1678, p. 68. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 415-19 
 
 Con ring, hi Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 45, 282. 
 
 Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, 1687, p. 181. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1272, PI. 57. 
 
 Paschius, De Novis Inventis Tractatus, 1700, 
 pp. 586-90, 731. 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Autorum, 
 1710, p. 641. 
 
 Teissier, Les Eloges des Homines Savans, 1715, 
 iii. pp. 97-112. 
 
 Jo. Fabricius, Histories Bibliotheces Fabriciance 
 Pars VI., 1724, p. 275. 
 
 Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini, 
 
 1726, ii. p. 228, No. cxvii. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 
 1727, PP- 402, 545-47. 616-7, 686, 705; 1736, pp. 
 419, 572-73, 645-46, 716, 738 ; and Zusdtze, 1736, 
 pp. 185, 244, 245. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, ii. 
 
 PP- 51-56. 
 
 Buddeus, Isagoge historico-theologica, 1730, i. pp. 
 238, 293. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 33. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires, 1731, xiv. pp. 233-282 ; 1732, 
 xx. p. 76. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 3, 141-4, 873, 884. 
 
 Jacob I^eupolds Prodromus Bibliothecee Metallicee, 
 
 1732, p. 41. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor,-i-jyt,\\. p. 157 (C. &Scaliger); 
 ii. p. 109 (notice of his life) ; ii. p. 240 (his familiar 
 Genius), &c. 
 
 Zedler, Grosses Universal-Lexicon, 1733, v. col. 
 792. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer- Historie, 1740, i. 
 p. 916 (Th. ii. B. xvi. c. xxii. 37). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 176. 
 
 Vogt, Catalogus librorum rariorum, 1747, p, 171. 
 
 Chaufepie", Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 
 1750, ii. , letter C, p. 36. 
 
 Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, p. 210. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1668. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, 1751, i. p. 
 131 ; ii. p. 692. 
 
 Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1752, i. p. 43. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1755, ' P- 216 ; 1778, i. p. 538. 
 
 Clement, Bibliothhjue Curieuse, 1756, vi. pp. 256- 
 282. 
 
 Montucla, Histoire des Mathematiques, 1758, i. 
 p. 481. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, v. 
 pp. 62-89, and 1767, vi. (Appendix), pp. 816-821. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de VAnatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, i. p. 653. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, p. 307. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 199 ; 
 1777, ii. p. 726. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 188. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 1 8. 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon , 1780, iii. p. 181, Anal. 618. 
 
 Tiedemann, Geist der Spekulativen Philosophic. 
 1796, v. p. 563. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 317- 
 
 !9. 353- 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 
 186-190. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, 1801, i. pp. 13, 
 140, 149, 460 ; 1802, ii. p. 21. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 
 1810, vii. pp. 459, 520, 675. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (Authors), 
 I93. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke( 1820-25). 
 iii. p. 149. 
 
 Rixner & Siber, Leben und Lehrmeinungen 
 beriihmter Physiker, ii. Heft, with a portrait, 
 Sulzbach, 1820. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1826, 
 xv. p. 172. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, 
 iii. pp. 30-38, 190, 310. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la 
 Mtdecine, 1831, I. ii. p. 629. 
 
 Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathimatiques en 
 Italie, 1840, iii. pp. 150-4; 167-179. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 99- 
 101 ; 1869, ii. pp. 94-96. 
 
 Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgenteinen Literdr- 
 geschichte, 1852, iii. Abth. i. pp. 887, 904, 1033, &c. 
 
 Morley. The Life of GirolamoCardano, of Milan, 
 Physician, London, 1854, 2 vols., 8*. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 200. 
 
 E. H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 1857, 
 iv. p. 413. 
 
 Kluyskens, Des Homines cilebres dans les Sciences 
 et les Arts . . . 1859, i. p. 183. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalters , 
 1866, iii. p. 452. 
 
 Figuier, Vie des Savants illustres La Renais- 
 sance, 1868, pp. 129-156. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mdi- 
 cales, 1871, xii. p. 420. 
 
 Punjer, Geschichte der Christlichen Religions- 
 philosophie, 1880, i. p. 68 ; English translation, 
 1887, p. 91. 
 
 Billings, Index Catalogue, 1881, ii. p. 706; 2nd 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 165. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 120. 
 
 Carriere, Die Philosophische Weltanschauung der 
 Reformationszeit, 1887, ii. p. 7. 
 
 W. G. Waters, Jerome Cardan, a Biographical 
 Study, London, 1898, 8, pp. [2 blank] vi. 301 [3 
 blank] ; portrait. 
 
 CARDILUCIUS (JOHANN HISKIAS). 
 
 Magnalia Medico-Chymica, Oder die hochste Artzney- und Feuerkiinstige 
 Geheimnisse, wie nemlich mit dem Circulate majori & minori oder dem 
 Universal aceto mercuriali, und spiritu vini tartarisato die herrlichsten 
 
144 
 
 CARDIL UCIUS CARDINAL 
 
 CARDILUCIUS QOHANN HISKIAS). Continued. 
 
 Artzneyen zum langen Leben und Heilung der unheilsamen Kranckheiten 
 zu machen ; Zwar aus Paracelsi Handschrift schon im vorigen Seculo 
 ausgangen, aber so corrupt, dafs est fast niemand verstehen konnen, itzo 
 aber aufs neue verhochdeutschet, und von Satz zu Satz erlautert, nebenst 
 beygefugtem Hauptschltissel aller Hermetischen Schrifften, nemlich dem 
 unvergleichlichen Tractat genannt : Offenstehender Eingang zu dem vormals 
 verschlossenen koniglichen Pallast. Dem gemeinen Nutz zum besten, und 
 den Curiosen zu Gefallen publiciret von Johann Hiskia Cardilucio Com. 
 Pal. Phil. & Med. Doct. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Wolffgang Moritz 
 Endters, und Johann Andreas Endters Sel. Erben. Anno M.UC.LXXVI. 
 
 Pp. [48] 409 [30, i blank]. 
 
 8 
 
 It contains Philaletha's Introitus Apertus, p. 297. 
 
 Appended is a list of Errata in Ercker's Aula 
 subterranea, 1672, q.v., of which he was editor. 
 
 There was an earlier edition, Niirnberg, 1667. 
 
 A continuation of the Magnalia Medico-Chymica 
 appeared at Niirnberg in 1680. It contained 
 tracts by Philalethes, George Ripley, Basil Valen- 
 tine, and some others. 
 
 According to Ladrague, it was reprinted at 
 Niirnberg in 1710, under the title of Antrum 
 Natures et Artis redusum, 8, pp. xxxii. 830, to 
 which was prefixed the Rosicrucian tract, the 
 Missiv, by Polycarpus Chrysostomus. 
 
 In the preface of the present edition the author- 
 ship of the first two tracts is assigned to Rupe- 
 scissa. 
 
 See LEFEBURE (NICOLAS), 1685. 
 
 Guldnes Kleinod, 1685. 
 
 Neuvermehrter Chymischer Handleiter und 
 
 A new and enlarged edition by Cardilucius. 
 
 Of this person the accounts given are somewhat 
 vague and not altogether concordant. He is called 
 Cardilucius usually, but in one place Gmelin styles 
 him Kardiluk, and in another Cardilucci, as if he 
 were Italian, and speaks of him spending most of 
 his life in Germany. On the other hand he calls 
 himself 'Comes Palatinus,' studied in Holland in 
 1663, and became Doctor of Philosophy and Medi- 
 cine. After this he spent some time in Mainz, in 
 Frankfurt, and in Darmbstadt, and finally settled 
 in Niirnberg, where he was appointed physician to 
 the Duke of Wiirtemberg. He was a believer in 
 Alchemy and Astrology, the doctrine of signatures, 
 and the planetary influences in Medicine and 
 Pharmacy ; and he had a great esteem for Van 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 608. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 37. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 35. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 177. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1670. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Tn - ' P- " ', Tn - 
 ii. p. 46. 
 
 Petraus, Basilii Valentini Chymische Schriften, 
 1760, Neue Vorrede, Sig. e 3. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 550. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 541. 
 
 Helmont. His books are for the most part of a 
 medico-chemical character ; he translated Crollius' 
 Basilica Chemica, Niirnberg, 1684, and wrote a kind 
 of commentary on it : Konigleicher Chymischer uud 
 Artzneyischer Palast, 8 ; edited works by Min- 
 dererus Hartmann and Ercker, and wrote on the 
 plague, on medicine, etc. 
 
 The date of his death is not given, but it may be 
 about 1660, as has been suggested. 
 
 According to Petrasus, Cardilucius was a name 
 assumed by JOHANN HARPRECHT (q.v.). The 
 author of the Beytrag indulges in some characteristic 
 raillery over the "master key" of the "worthy 
 Kardiluk." 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, Hi. 
 p. 275. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 105. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 532, 627, 653. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, 11. pp. 25, 
 26 ; 253, 254. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 1 60. 
 
 Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 159. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 411. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ou-varoff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 617. 
 
 CARDINAL (GILBERTUS). 
 
 See BERGWERCK und Probier biichlin, 1533, f. 29. 
 
 See ALCHIMIA, das ist, alle Farben . . . zubereyten, 1613, p. 116. 
 
 In the text of the Bergwerck . . . biichlin his 
 name is given Albertus, though it is Gilbertus on 
 the title-page. Albert us seems to be a misprint. 
 This tract was also appended to Kertzenmacher's 
 collection of receipts entitled : Alchimia, das ist, 
 
 Alle Farben, Wasser, . . . zubereyten, 1570, and 
 subsequent editions. Ferguson, ' Some Early 
 Treatises on Technological Chemistry,' Proceedings 
 of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1888, xix, 
 P- 143- 
 
CA RERIUS CA RMINA 
 
 CARERIUS (ALEXANDER). 
 
 Quaestio, an arte metalla permutari possint. 
 
 See WITESTEIN (KARL), Disceptatio 
 
 Carerius, or Carrerius, miscalled also Caprerius 
 and Camrerius, and Caterrus, a lawyer of Padua, was 
 born in 1543, was decanus of the University and 
 bishop of St. Andreas. He declined the professor- 
 ship of Law to leave him more leisure for study and 
 for his church duties. He, however, relinquished 
 these, and devoted himself to writing the history 
 of Padua. In the latter part of his life he was 
 engaged in disputes and lawsuits, and died of 
 apoplexy 20 August, 1626. The inscription on 
 his tomb says that he died in his 78th year. If 
 
 Tomasini, lllustrium Virorum Elogia, 1630, 
 p. 363 (with a portrait). 
 
 Borel, Dibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 56, p. 57 
 (under Caterrus). 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eritditione clarorum, 
 1688, ii. p. 1044, and pi. 47. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Y 2 
 recto ; Ann. 2oth August, 1626. 
 
 Papadopolus, Histona Gymnasii Patavini, 
 Venet. 1726, ii. p. 282, No. ccii. 
 
 Jacob I^eupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallic^, 
 1732, p. 41. 
 
 Philosophica, p. 157. 
 
 so, the above cannot be the correct date of his 
 birth. 
 
 Though not a professor he kept up his inter- 
 course with the students, and wrote dissertations, 
 of which the present is one. 
 
 Editions of the above tract, Padua, 1574, 1579, 
 4, Basel, 1582, 1583, 8, are enumerated. 
 
 There is an edition: "Patavii, L. P. Excude," 
 4- ff- [3. J blank], 32. It is not dated, but the 
 epistle is dated 1579. This seems to be really the 
 first edition. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, in. p. 131. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1653. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 547- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 298. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 294. 
 ( He calls him a professor at Padua but he is not 
 included among them by Tomasini, Gymnasium 
 Patavinum, Utine, 1654, 4.) 
 
 CARL QOHANN SAMUEL). 
 
 Johann Samuel Carls Zeugnufs von Chymischer Storgerey, sonderlich in 
 neuen Exempeln : i. Panacea Talci. 2. Antimonii. 3. Solari. 4. Animali. 
 5. Vegetabili. 6. Spiritu Mundi & Acidis dulcificatis. Erwiesen aus 
 Chymischen und Medicinischen Griinden und Erfahrungen. Samt einer 
 Nachrede von Fatis Chymicis. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Johann 
 Christoph Gopner, Buchhandler 1733. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 170 [14]. 
 Johann Samuel Carl, son of Johann Ernest Carl, amount of theosophy. He wrote a work, Lapis 
 
 was born at Oehringen in 1676. He went to Halle 
 and studied medicine with Frederic Hoffmann and 
 Stahl, and obtained his licence in 1699. He then 
 became physician of the Count of Isenburg- 
 Stolberg, of the Count of Wittgenstein, and in 
 1736 of the King of Denmark. He died 13 June, 
 1757, at Melldorf, in Holstein. He was one of the 
 most devoted and distinguished pupils of Stahl, 
 whose lectures he edited, and he wrote a number 
 of works in support of Stahl's doctrines, but he is 
 accused of having mingled with them a certain 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 39. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medico rum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 36. 
 
 Adelung's Supplement to Jocher's Lexicon, 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metal- 
 lictn, 1732, p. 41. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 114. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. 
 
 P- 354- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschtchte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 367, 
 583, 681, 712. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Tevtschen Schriftsteller, Leipzig, 1803, 
 ii. p. 25- 
 
 CARMINA. 
 
 Lydius Philosophico-pyrotechnicus ad ossium fos- 
 silium docimasiam analytice demonstrandum adhi- 
 bilus , . . Francof. a. M. 1703, 8. He showed 
 the identity of natural, artificial, and antimonial 
 cinnabar, and gave its composition as 6 parts of 
 mercury to i of sulphur (Eph. Acad. Nat. Cur., 
 1712, pp. 379-403), and wrote a paper : ' Lapis ac 
 lutum pro renovatione laboratorii chemici in et ad 
 scholam medicam' (Eph. Acad. Nat. Cur., 1742, vi. 
 App. pp. 110-118). 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chtmischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 220, 227. 
 
 Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 162. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la 
 Medecine, 1831, I. ii. p. 632. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 1855, P- 576. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1876, iii. p. 
 782 (article by Hirsch). 
 
 Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicin, 
 1 88 r, ii. p. 530. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervor- 
 ragenden Aerzte . . . , 1884, i. p. 664. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 69, 74. 
 
 Carmen elegans (de Lapide Philosophorum). 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 763. 
 
 K 
 
146 CARMINACARTHEUSER 
 
 CARMINA. Continued. 
 
 Carmina aliquot germanica cum versione latina. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 252. 
 
 Carmina auf das Philosophische Werck. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 74. 
 See RHYTHMI. 
 
 See ALTE TEUTSCHE REIMEN. 
 
 See REIMEN. 
 Carmina varia de Lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 736. 
 
 CARRERIUS (ALEXANDER). 
 
 See CARERIUS (ALEXANDER). 
 
 CARTHEUSER (FRIEDRICH AUGUST). 
 
 Chemische Beobachtung von der Reinigung des fliichtigen Bernsteinsalzes. 
 See ALLGEMEIN ntitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 324. 
 
 Friedrich August Cartheuser, the son of Joharm In 1756 [others 1766] he transferred himself to 
 
 Friedrich, was born at Halle in 1734. He was edu- Giessen as professor of natural history and medicine, 
 
 cated at Halle and Frankfurt a. d. Oder, in 1749 In 1778 he was made director of the Botanic 
 
 entered the university there, but after three months Garden, but in 1779 he resigned and withdrew to 
 
 went to Berlin, where he studied under Pott, an estate at Idstein, near Bikenbach, and after- 
 
 Gleditsch, and Marggraf. He graduated M.D. at wards to Schierstein, where he died, Dec. 12, 1796. 
 
 Frankfurt a.d. Oder in 1755. He then visited the He published numerous works on mineralogy, 
 
 mines in Saxony, went to Bohemia, Franconia, and mining, natural history, mineral waters, crystallo- 
 
 other parts of Germany, and in 1754 was professor graphy, the chemical analysis of plants, sal 
 
 of mineralogy, botany, and chemistry, at Frankfurt. seditivum, etc., etc. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 486, 514. Gmelin, Geschichfe der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 642, 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten etc. , etc. 
 
 imd Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1782, ii. pp. 121-125; Biographic Me'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 iii. p. 557. 25), in. p. 169. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic MMicale, 1855, ii. 
 
 der ietzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, i. p. 575. 
 P- 559- 
 
 CARTHEUSER QOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Joh. Friderici Cartheuseri Med. Doctoris Elementa Chemise Medicae Dogmatico- 
 Experimentalis. Vna cum Synopsi Materiae Medicse Selectioris. In Vsum 
 Tyronum Edita. Halse Magdeburgicae Sumtibus loan. Ernest. Fritschii. 
 Anno MDCCXXXVL 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 360. Index [8]. This is the first edition. 
 
 Jo. Friderici Cartheuser Medicinae Doctoris ejusdemque in Regia Academia 
 Viadrina Prof. Publ. Ordinarii Elementa Chymiae Dogmatico-Experimentalis in 
 Usum Academicum conscripta. Venetiis Apud Dominicum' Deregni in 
 Via Mercatoria sub Signo D. Antonii. MDCCLVI. Superiorum Permissu 
 ac Privilegio. 
 
 4. Pp. 98 [2 blank]. 
 
 This is uniform with the author's Pharmacologia, previous. The new edition came out at Frank - 
 
 and is intended to go along with it. The preface furt in 1753 according to Gmelin, and a third 
 
 is dated Franckfurt a. d. O., 1753, and in it edition in 1766, 8. The present, therefore, would 
 
 he refers to the text-book which at the solicitation be a reprint of that of 1753. Fuchs quotes an 
 
 of his pupils he had published seventeen years edition of 1770, which he calls the third. 
 
CARTHEUSERCASE 147 
 
 CARTHEUSER (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Jo. Friderici Cartheuseri Medicinae Doctoris Ejusdemque in Regia Academia 
 Viadrina Prof. Publ. Ordinarii Pharmacologia Theoretico-Practica Ration! et 
 Experientiae Superstructa in qua Medicamentorum Officinalium usitatiorum 
 Praeparatio, Natura Modus Operandi, Vires atque Usus Medicus perspicue 
 describuntur ac solide explicantur. Cui accedunt Elementa Chymiae 
 Dogmatico-Experimentalis, ac Tabulae Formularum Medicarum. Venetiis 
 Apud Dominicum Deregni in Via Mercatoria sub Signo D. Antonii. 
 MDCCLVI. Superiorum Permissu ac Privilegio. 
 
 4. Pp. viii. 336. 
 This book was published at Berlin in 1745, and 1770 in 8, and at Cologne, 1763, 8. 
 
 Jo. Friderici Cartheuser Med. Doct. et. Prof. Publ. Ord. Tabulae Formularum 
 Medicarum Praescriptioni inservientes. Venetiis Apud Dominicum Deregni 
 in Via Mercatoria sub Signo D. Antonii. MDCCLVI. Superiorum Permissu 
 ac Privilegio. 
 
 4. Pp. [4], 71 [4 
 
 This is uniform with the author's Pharmacologia. It was published at Halle, 1740, 
 8 ; 1748, 8 ; Frankf. a. d. Oder, 1752. 8 ; 1766, 8. 
 
 Cartheuser was born at Hayn in Stolberg in 1704. He was a member of the Berlin Academy, famed 
 
 He was a doctor of medicine of Halle, and from for his knowledge of Botany and Chemistry, which 
 
 1740 to 1759 held the chairs of Chemistry and of he combined in his chemical examination of plants. 
 
 Pharmacy and Materia Medica at Frankfurt a. d. O. He directed the attention of chemists to various 
 
 to which were added that of Anatomy and Botany. vegetable products. He died in 1777. 
 and afterwards of Therapeutics and Pathology. 
 
 Haller, Bibiiotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 270, p.6g9. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mt!de- 
 
 Haller, Bibiiotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 349. cine, 1831, I. ii. p. 640. 
 
 Haller, Bibiiotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 248, Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 
 777- P. 3 2 5- 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqiie de la Mtdecine, Philippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 1778, i. p. 551. 1855, p. 580. 
 
 Baumer, Bibiiotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 38. Poggendorff, Biographisch-Literarisches Hand- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 384-5. 
 
 621-3, 683, etc. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 cales, 1871, xii. p. 704. 
 
 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1803, ii. p. 54. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1876, iv. p. 36. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 1806, p. 260 & passim. genden Aerzte, 1884, i. p. 674. 
 
 Biographie Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1881, ii. p, 728 ; and 
 
 25), iii. p. 170. Series, 1898, iii. p. 188. 
 
 CASE QOHN). 
 
 Lapis Philosophicus, sive Commentarius in octo libros Physicorum Aristot. 
 in quo arcana Physiologiae examinantur. Auctore Joanne Caso, in Medicina 
 Doctore Oxoniensi, & olim collegij D. loannis ibidem praecursoris Socio. 
 Accedit in Fine Ancilla Philosophiae, seu Epitome in octo libros Aristot. 
 Physicorum, eodem Auctore. Cum Indicibus locupletissimis Francofurti 
 ad Moenum, Apud heredes Andreae Wecheli, & Anton Hierat. M.DC. 
 
 8. Pp. [46, including the engraved symbolic plate, 2 blank] 1068. Index [23, 
 i blank]. Ancilla Philosophiae : 88. Index [7], Printer's device [i]. 
 
 This commentary on Aristotle deals with scholastic one or two medical papers, but his chief literary 
 
 subtleties and metaphysical vagaries, and has work consisted of commentaries and text-books on 
 
 nothing to do with those of Alchemy. Aristotle, of which the present is one. It was first 
 
 John Case was torn at Woodstock, entered printed in 1599. Case died 23 January, 1600, and 
 
 St. John's College, Oxford, in 1564, was B.A. in was buried in St. John's College Chapel. 
 
 1568, M.A. in 1572, and M.D. in 1589. He wrote This Joannes Casus must not be confounded with 
 
148 
 
 CASECASTAIGNE 
 
 CASE (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 Giovanni della Casa, the Archbishop of Benevento, 
 who might have been a cardinal, had not the 
 church had a fit of the morals. According to some 
 he was a true child of the pagan Renaissance, for 
 while his Latinity would have made Cicero greenly 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 772. 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 552. 
 
 jealous, his morals might have made Martial 
 blushingly scarlet. He died in 1557. 
 
 But Niceron defends him from these charges 
 (MJmoires, 1730, xii. p. 102 ; 1732, xx. p. 45), 
 and he is commended also by J. M. Toscanus 
 (Peplus Italics, 1578, p. 83, No. cxxxix). 
 
 Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1813, i. 
 col. 685. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1887, ix. p. 
 262. 
 
 CASSIUS (ANDREAS). 
 
 Andrese Cassii D. Hamburgensis de Extreme illo et Perfectissimo Natur?e 
 Opificio ac Principe Ternenorum Sidere Auro de admiranda ejus natura, 
 generatione, affection i bus, efifectis, atque ad operationes artis habitudine. 
 Cogitata Nobilioribus experimentis illustrata. 
 
 Aurum & Adamas typi seternitatis. 
 Hamburgi, Sumptibus Georgii Wolffi. Anno M DC LXXXV. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 152. Title red and black. 
 There are three persons of this name who have physical and chemical, and its alchemical transmu- 
 
 to be distinguished : 
 
 1. Andreas Cassius the elder, ducal Secretary, 
 married Sophia Vesteria, and had two sons, 
 Christianus and Andreas. 
 
 2. This Andreas, of Schleswig, M. D. of Leyden, 
 1632, physician in Hamburg, physician to the 
 Duke of Holstein, and to the Bishop of Liibeck, 
 married Gertrude Staphorst, and had a son 
 Andreas. He devised a bezoardic essence of great 
 virtue in the plague, and invented red glass by 
 means of tin and gold. He died at Hamburg, 27 
 May, 1673. 
 
 3 . Andreas Cassius, Tertius, of Hamburg, 
 became, 1668, M.D. at Groningen, and practised 
 in Liibeck. He wrote on some medical subjects, 
 and this tract on gold, in which the preparation of 
 the purple of gold, made by his father, is described 
 (p. in sqq.). 
 
 There were other two persons of the same name 
 but they do not concern the present subject. 
 
 The book contains what may be called the 
 Natural History of Gold, the sources from which 
 it is obtained ; its composition or elementary prin- 
 ciples ; how it is possibly formed, its properties, 
 
 tation. The book is commended by Stahl, and by 
 Hannemann in his Cato Chemicus, 1690, cap. iii 
 sig. Ag verso (q.v. ). 
 
 The question as to whether or not Cassius was 
 the actual discoverer of the gold purple is decided 
 in the negative, correctly I think, by Beckmann, 
 Beytrage zur Geschichte der Erfindungen, Leipzig, 
 1786, i. p. 380 (English translation, 1814, i. p. 201); 
 but see what Kunckel says, Laboratorium Chymi- 
 cum, 1767, p. 596, and Leibnitz, Miscellanea 
 Berolinensia, 1710, i. p. 94 (in an article on 
 phosphorus). 
 
 The lives of the three are given by Joh. Moller, 
 Cimbria Literata, 1744, i. p. 88. Jocher, Allge- 
 meines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. col. 1734. 
 
 These writers point out that Andreas Cassius, 
 second and third, have been confused with one 
 another, as for example by Baumer, Bibliotheca 
 Chemica, 1782, p. 97. See also Orschall (Joh. 
 Christian) whose book Sol Sine Veste came out in 
 1684. 
 
 For the older literature of gold purple Weigel 
 may be consulted, Grundriss der reinen nnd ange- 
 ivandten Chemie, 1777, ii. 1088, d ; pp. 520-21. 
 
 CASTAIGNE (GABRIEL DE). 
 
 Les Oeuvres du R. P. Gabriel de Castaigne, tant Medicinales que Chymiques, 
 diuisees en quatre principaux traitez. 
 
 I. Le Paradis Terrestre. 
 II. Le grand miracle de la nature metallique. 
 
 III. L'Or Potable. 
 
 IV. Le Thresor Philosophique de la Medecine Metallique. 
 
 Seconde edition. A quoy sont adioustez les Aphorismes Basiliens, & la 
 methode particuliere pour bien faire le merueilleux Onguent appelld Manus 
 
 Dei. 
 
 Destournez-vous du mal : & faites le bien. Psal. 32. 
 
 A Paris, Chez lean Dhourry, au bout du Pont-Neuf, pre*s les Augustins, 
 a 1'Image S. lean. M.DC.LXI. Auec Priuilege du Roy. 
 
 8. Pp. 19 [i], 93 [i blank] ; [2] 78 ; 138 ; 15 [i blank]. Each tract has a separate 
 title-page dated 1660. This copy wants the Aphorismes Basiliens. 
 
CASTAIGNECA TALOGUS 
 
 149 
 
 CASTAIGNE (GABRIEL DE). Continued. 
 
 Castaigne, according to Lenglet Dufresnoy, was 
 a cordelier and almoner of Louis XIII., "which, 
 for a cordelier, was nearly as good as a bishoprick. 1 ' 
 But according to the documents prefixed to the 
 present work he was actually chosen bishop of 
 Saluces in succession to Antoine Pichot, by the 
 king. He was also Dr. of Theology, Councillor 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermdtique, 1742, i. p. 392 ; iii. p. 132. 
 
 Haller, Bibliothcca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 424 ; 1779, iii. p. 120. 
 
 and Almoner, and is called Abbe" General de Saint 
 Rufs de Valence and Sainct Tiers de Sau, and 
 " Conventuel d' Avignon." 
 
 The tract L'Or Potable qui guarit de tous maux, 
 was published at Paris, 1611, 8 ; Le grand Miracle 
 de la Nature Metallique, Paris, 1615, 18. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 504, 
 568. 
 
 lsa.&a.g\iK,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1615. 
 
 CASTILLIONEUS (BRANDA FRANCISCUS). 
 
 See PROSPECTUS Pharmaceutici Editio Secunda, 1698. 
 
 CASTRENSIS (ROBERTUS). 
 
 See MORIENUS ROMANUS, 1559. 
 See CAESAR (THEOPHILUS), 1613. 
 
 CASTRILLO (HERNANDO). 
 
 Historia y Magia Natural, o ciencia de filosofia oculta, con nuevas noticias 
 de los mas profundos mysterios, y secretes del Vniverso visible, en que se 
 trata de animales, pezes, aves, plantas, flores, yervas, metales, piedras, aguas: 
 semillas, Parayso, montes, y Valles. For el Padre Hernando Castrillo de 
 la Compania de Jesus, natural de Cadiz. Donde trata de los Secretes 
 que pertenecen a las partes dela tierra. Con Licencia. En Madrid, 
 For Juan Garcia Infanzon. Ano 1692. Acosta de Francisco Sazedon, 
 Mercader de libros : Vendese en su casa en la calle de Atocha junto a la 
 Santissima Trinidad frente de la casa de los Fucares. 
 4. PP- ["] 342 06]. 
 
 Ferdinand de Castrillo, a native of Cadiz, was 
 admitted in 1602 to the Jesuits at the age of 16. 
 He professed theology for a long time, and was 
 rector of Cazorla. He died at Ossuna, 21 Nov., 
 1667, at an advanced age. Apparently he wrote 
 only this one book : Magia Natural o Filosofia 
 oculta, Primera Parte. Trigueros, L'Estupina, 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 1759. 
 
 Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Nova, 1783, i. 
 p. 372 (quotes Part i. in the 1649 edition only). 
 
 Title within a border. 
 
 1636, 4. Trigueros, Diego Perez de Estupina, 
 1649, 4. In the British Museum there are both 
 the latter of these, and another edition, Madrid, 
 1649, 4. This is a treatise on cosmogony, the 
 elements and natural history, but not on Chemistry 
 or Alchemy. 
 
 Backer, Bibliotheque des Ecrivains de la Com- 
 pagnie de Jesus, Cinquieme SeYie, 1859, p. 126. 
 
 'Notes on Books of Secrets, 1 Transactions of the 
 Archceological Society of Glasgow, 1888 (N.S.), i. 
 P- 323- 
 
 CATALOGUS Manuscriptorum Chemico-Alchemico-Magico-Cabalistico-Medico- 
 Physico-Curiosorum. No place [Vienna]. MDCCLXXXVIII. 
 8. Pp. xxvi. 310, 67 [i blank], 8. 
 
 Zweites Verzeichniss einiger Fabricks-Artickel, 
 xiv.-xxiii. ; Anhang, xxiii.-xxvi. 
 Codices Manuscripti Alchemici, 3-263. . 
 Codices Manuscripti Chemici, 264-310. 
 Codices Magici, 1-45. 
 
 Codices Cabalistici, Astrologici, Geomantici, etc., 
 46-67 (i blank). 
 
 Druckfehler im Chemischen Catalog, 1-5. 
 Druckfehler im Magischen Catalog, 6-7. 
 Druckfehler im Cabalistischen Catalog, [i]. 
 
 Kopp refers to a similarly titled catalogue, 
 Wien, Graffer d. J. 1786. 
 
 As his copy contains only pp. 50, and Anhang 
 pp. 12, presumably it was the first issue of the 
 catalogue, in the following two years enlarged to 
 the above. 
 
 As it stands the above contains the following 
 separate lists : 
 
 Title-leaf. 
 
 Vorrede, i.-v. 
 
 Erstes Verzeichniss von einigen . . . Artzneyen, 
 vi.-xiii. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii., p. 223. 
 
 Appended to some of the entries are notes 
 referring sometimes to the author, sometimes to 
 the contents of the MSS. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 543. 
 
CATALOGUSCHAMBON 
 
 CATALOGUS Medicamentorum tarn simplicium, quam prseparatorum et 
 compositorum ad Usum Nosocomii Brixise editus a Medica Deputatione 
 lussu Illustrissimorum Prsesidum Anno MDCCXCIV. Brixiae 
 
 MDCCVIC. Ex Typographia Locatelliana cum Facultate. 
 
 8. Pp. 18 [2 blank]. 
 
 CATENA. 
 
 See AUREA CATENA Homeri. 
 
 CATO CHEMICUS. 
 
 See HANNEMANN (jOHANN LUDWIG). 
 
 CENSURA HERMETICA. 
 
 See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM. AH Puli, Centrum Natural Concentratum 
 p. 56. 
 
 CENT-CINQUANTE-TROIS Aphorismes Chymiques. 
 See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). 
 
 CENTRUM Naturae Concentratum. 
 See ALI PULL 
 
 CEPHALUS (ARIOPONUS). 
 
 Mercurius Triumphans & Hebdomas Eclogarum Hermeticarum. Vna cum 
 Commentariis Acroamaticis et Mysticis. In qulbus de vnica, vera, summa, 
 & antiquissima Philosophorum Medicina disseritur, Libris XIIX. Omnia 
 Studio & Opera : Arioponi Cephali Eutopiensis. Cum Grat : & Priuileg : 
 Caes : Maiest : ad Uecennium. Magdeburg! Excudebat Andreas Seydner 
 Epoch : Chr : M.D.C 
 
 8. Pp. [20] 144. The vignette represents a dragon in a fire with the motto: 
 Durare Mori et non Perire. The dedication to Rudolph II. is signed M. C. M. D., 
 which stands for Martinus Copus, Medicinas Doctor, the Author. 
 
 Apotelesmata Philosophica, Mercurii Triumphantis, de vera, et summa 
 Antiquissimorum Philosophorum Medicina. In quibus Elucidatio & Clauis 
 totius Operis. Labore & studio Arioponi Cephali Eutopiensis. Cum Grat : 
 & Priuileg. Caes. Maiest. ad Decennium. Magdeburgi Excudebat Andreas 
 Seydner. Anno M.D.CI. 
 
 4. Pp. [72], The vignette is the dragon as above, with the motto : Aut taceant 
 aut discant. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 58. Beytrag sur Geschichtc der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renmatus, 1686, pp. 87, 786. p. 584 (' a Latin poem, with expositions of mystical 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic and theosophic tenor.') 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 133. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 366. 
 
 CESARELLI (HIPPOLITO). 
 
 See ANTIDOTARIO ROMANO, 1635. 
 
 CHAMBON (JOSEPH). 
 
 Traite des Metaux, et des Mineraux, et des Remedes qu'on en peut tirer; 
 Avec des Dissertations sur le Sel & le Soulphre des Philosopes, & sur la 
 Goute, la Gravelle, la petite Ve'role, la Rougeole & autres Maladies : avec un 
 
CHAMBON CHARAS 151 
 
 CHAMBON (JOSEPH). Continued. 
 
 grand nombre de Remedes choisis. Par M. Chambon, cy-devant premier 
 Medicin de Jean Sobieski, Roy de Pologne. A Paris, Quay des Augustins, 
 Chez Claude Jombert, vis-a-vis la Descente du Pont-neuf, a 1'Image Nostre- 
 Dame. M.DCCXIV. Avec Approbation, & Privilege du Roy. 
 
 12. Pp. [42] 547 [5]. 
 
 An edition of 1713 is quoted in Jacob Leupolds patient, a Neapolitan, who was in the Bastille, he 
 
 Prodromus and Gnielin in addition to the above took up his cause and wrote a memoir in his 
 
 quotes another, Paris, 1760, 12. defence to the King. In the course of this he 
 
 Joseph Chambon was born at Grignan, in Pro- made certain reflections on the Duke of Savoy and 
 vence, in 1647, in 1678 was Doctor of the Faculty the Duke of Burgundy, and he himself was sent in 
 at Avignon (of Aix, according to Dezeimeris), consequence to the Bastille, where he remained 
 settled at Marseilles, was obliged to leave it, and two years. He then left Paris, returned to Mar- 
 went to Italy, to Germany, and to Poland, where seilles, and was made physician to the Galleys by 
 he became physician of the King, John Sobieski, the help of the Count of Grignan ; but in 1705, 
 with whom he remained till the siege of Vienna. having failed to save the life of the Countess of 
 Wishing to know about the adherents of Paracelsus Grignan, who was attacked by smallpox, he threw 
 and Van Helmont, he journeyed to Holland, up his appointment, and lived in retirement with 
 crossed to England, and thence to France. At his brother, who was dean of the Chapter of 
 Paris, through the influence of Fagon, he received Grignan. He was still alive in 1732. He wrote 
 his licentiateship, and practised with great reputa- Principes de physique rapportds a la mddecine 
 tipn, but on account of the Faculty not accepting pratique, Paris, 3 parts, 1711, 1714, 1716 respec- 
 his promise about the use of secret remedies, he was lively, 12 ; 1750, 12, and one or two dissertations, 
 not made a doctor. Having been asked to visit a 
 
 Jacob I^eupolds Prodromus Bibliothecte Metallice, Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 1732, p. 43. 25) iii. p. 213. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Hisloire de la Philosophic Qu^rard, La France Litteraire, 1830, n. p. 117. 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 134. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la mtde- 
 
 Gobet, Les Anciens Mindralogistes du Royauine cine, 1831, I. ii. p. 662. 
 de France, 1779, ii. p. 644. Nouvelle Biographit Ge'ne'rale, 1855, ix. col. 591. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1788, iv. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 
 pp. 214, 219. cafes, 1874, xv. p. 101. 
 
 Gnielin, Geschichte dcr Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 356. 
 
 CHARAS (MOYSE). 
 
 Pharmacopee Royale Galenique et Chymique, par Moyse Charas, Docteur en 
 Medecine, ci-devant Demonstrateur de ^1'une & de 1'autre Pharmacie au 
 Jardin Royal des Plantes. Nouvelle Edition, revue, corrigee & tres-con- 
 siderablement augmente'e par M. L. M. de 1'Acade'mie royale des Sciences, 
 & Docteur en Me'decine de la Faculte de Paris ; avec les Formules Latines 
 & Francoises; le Tarif des Me'dicamens, & un Traite extrement curieux 
 sur les Eaux Minerales. Tome Premier, Contenant la Pharmacope'e 
 Galenique. A Lyon, chez les Freres Bruyset, Libraires, rue Merciere, au 
 Soleil & a la Croix d'Or. M.DCC.LIII. Avec Approbation et Privilege 
 du Roy. 
 
 4. Pp. xvi. 440. 
 
 Extra engraved title. Title red and black. 
 Tome Second, Contenant la Pharmacope'e Chymique. 
 
 Pp. viii. 441-876. [2 blank.] Title red and black. 
 
 Traite abregtS des Eaux Minerales de France. 
 
 Pp. 72. Five plates of Apparatus. 
 
 The editions of this work enumerated by the (1683, Stolle and Weigel). According to Mangel 
 
 bibliographers are numerous : Paris, 1672, 1676, the book was translated into many languages, even 
 
 1681, in 8 ; 1676, 1682, 1692, in 4 ; Lyons, 1693, into Chinese, for the use of the Emperor. The 
 
 and the present, 1753, 4. It was translated into English version was published in 1678, 4. 
 Latin : Pharmacopcea Regia, Geneva, 1684, 4 
 
CffA RA S CHA R TIE R 
 
 CHARAS (MOYSE). Continued. 
 
 Theriaque D'Andromacus, avec une Description particuliei;e des Plantes, des 
 Animaux & des Mineraux employee a cette grande Composition, et les 
 Reformations & Observations necessaires, tant sur leur Election & Prepara- 
 tion, que sur leur dernier melange. Par Moyse Charas, Docteur en Medecine, 
 & Chymiste du Roy de la Grande Bretagne. Nouvelle Edition, Revue & 
 augmentee. A Paris, chez Laurent d'Houry, rue S. Jacques, pres les 
 Mathurins, au S. Esprit. M.DC.LXXXV. Avec Approbation & Privilege 
 du Roy. 
 
 12. Pp. [14, Engraved title included], 12, 305 [7]. 
 
 The first edition appeared at Paris, 1668, 12. A German translation was 
 published at Frankfurt a. M., 1679, 8. The 'Theriaque' consisted of 65 ingredients, 
 and in this book a description of each of these is given. The engraved title contains, 
 set in a landscape, vipers and a beaver, in both of which he took great interest. 
 
 Charas (1618-1698), born at Uzes, came to Paris, persuaded him to go to Spain to see the King, who 
 
 was in poor health ; he went, much against his 
 
 and made himself known by his book on the 
 'Theriaque.' He studied the anatomy and nature 
 of the viper, on which he wrote two treatises, 
 Paris, 1669, 8, and 1672, 1678, 1690, 1694, 8 ; for 
 nine years conducted the Course of Chemistry in 
 the Jardin des Plantes and wrote his Pharmacopde. 
 In 1680, on account of the revocation of the Edict 
 of Nantes, he went to England as he was of the 
 reformed religion and became the pharmacist of 
 Charles II. He lived in England for five years, and 
 passed to Holland. There the Spanish Ambassador 
 
 Ada Eruditonim, for Septr. 1683, p. 407. 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 53. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metalliccs, 
 
 1732, p. 43. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medicine, 
 1755, i. p. 229 .-; 1778, i. p. 594. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie el de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 402. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, Tiguri, 1771, i. 
 P- 54i. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, Bernse, 1774, i. 
 p. 390. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, Basil. 
 1779, iii. p. 245. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 109. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 251. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 193. 
 
 Condorcet, "Eloges des membres de 1'Acade'mie 
 des Sciences de Paris, 1 ' Oeuvres, 1804, i. p. 132. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 181. 
 
 Watt, BiH. Britannica, 1819, i. (authors) 2137- 
 
 convictions, experimented with vipers, and his 
 science having brought him into conflict with the 
 Church, at the age of 72 he passed into the prison 
 of the Inquisition, where he was confined for four 
 months. He ultimately went over to the Romish 
 Church, and returned to Paris, where he was con- 
 gratulated by the King on his change of views. 
 He was shortly after made a member of the 
 Academy of Sciences. He died 17 January, 1698, 
 in his 8oth year. 
 
 Biographic Aftdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 219. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, 1827, 
 xvi., p. 156. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mede- 
 cine, Paris, 1831, I. ii. p. 668. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1844, vii. p. 504. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie M6dicale, Paris, 
 1855, i. p. 445. His list is somewhat different from 
 Gmelin's. (The tone of this article and that by 
 Dezeimeris may be observed. ) 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Ginfrale, 1855, ix. col. 712. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothcker, 
 Jena, 1855, p. 504, etc. 
 
 Paul-Antoine Cap, Etudes biographiques, i re 
 Serie, Paris, 1857, pp. 117-130. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mcdi- 
 cales, Premiere Seiie, 1874, xv. p. 416. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1881, ii. p. 843 ; 2d 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 334. 
 
 Ilirsch, Biographisches I^exikon der hervor- 
 ragenden Aerzte, 1884, i. p. 703. 
 
 CHARLES VI., Roy de France. 
 Oeuvre Royalle. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Cosmopolite, 1629, p. 91. 
 
 In the story of Nicolas Flamel, Charles VI. of 
 France is introduced as sending Cramoisi to find 
 out the truth of the reports which were circulating 
 about Flamel's wealth. He is said amongst the 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 59. 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 216, 246, 469 ; iii. p. 134. 
 
 CHARTIER (JEAN). 
 
 Scientia Plumbi Sacri Sapientum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 569. 
 
 other entertainments of his lucid moments to have 
 engaged in alchemical experiments. The present 
 tract is probably not by him. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 435 ; 
 1866, i. p. 460. 
 
CHARTIER CHEMIA 153 
 
 CH ARTIER QEAN). Continued, 
 
 The original work is in French : La Science du said about him. His book is mentioned by Lenglet 
 Plomb Sacrt des Sages, Paris, 1651, 4. The Dufresnoy. 
 author is called a physician, but nothing more is 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Ckimica, 1654, p. 59 ; 1656, p. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 622. 
 
 56. Schmkder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 431. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecis Metallic<e, Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 332 ; 
 
 1732, p. 44. 1869, ii. 324. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 fferme'tique, 1742, iii. p. 134. 
 
 CHEMIA. 
 
 De Chemia Senioris . . . Libellus. 
 
 See ZADITH SENIOR. 
 
 CHEMIA. 
 
 See ARTE (De) Chemica Libri duo, 1602. 
 
 CHEMIA IN NUCE, oder : kurze doch aufrichtige Anweisung zu der Wissenschaft 
 der Zerlegung der Korper. 
 
 Et nos ferulae subduximus manum, & nos consilium dedimus. 
 
 Juvenalis. 
 Anno 1777, den 20 May. 
 
 No place or printer. 
 8. Pp. 16. 
 
 On the title-page is a vignette of the sun surrounded by rays, with the symbol of 
 salt as a planet, and the motto : In Sole et Sale Omnia. This is apparently the 
 second edition. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Chemia in Nuce. 
 See DREY Kleine Schriften, 1778, p. 5. 
 
 CHEMIA Rationalis, das ist vernunfftmafsige Anweisung, wie vermittelst der 
 Spagyrischen Kunst, aus den drey Reichen der Natur die itziger Zeit 
 gebrauchlichsten Artzeney-Mittel bereitet werden sollen. Welcher beygefuget 
 ist Praxis Chimiatrica, oder kurtzer doch deutlicher Unterricht, wie die 
 vornehmsten Kranckheiten des menschlichen Leibes, aus ihren Ursachen 
 und Zeichen sattsam erkant, und mit vorhero gezeigten Medicamentis 
 gliicklich curiret werden konnen. Alles nach den Grund-Satzen der neuen 
 Philosophise ausgearbeitet, und aus den Englischen, in das Hochteutsche 
 iibersetzet, auch mit niitzlichen Registern versehen. Franckfurt und 
 Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Justus Erytropel, 1696. 
 
 8. Pp. [58] 304 ; 270. Title red and black. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 This is a treatise on pharmaceutical chemistry. but I have not seen the original. It is not from 
 
 In the first part is contained the methods of W. Y-worths Chymicus rationales : or the Funda- 
 
 making different preparations of animal and mental grounds of the Chymical Art, London, 
 
 vegetable substances for medical use. The second 1692, 8. An edition, 1697, of this latter work is 
 
 enumerates diseases and the medicines with which mentioned by Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, 
 
 they are to be treated. ii. p. 695), but he gives the author's name erron- 
 
 It purports to be translated from the English, eously as W. H. Worth. 
 
1 54 CHEM1E CHRIS TOFLE 
 
 CHEMIE. 
 
 See BIRKHOLZ (ADAM MELCHIOR). 
 
 CHEMISCHE BELUSTIGUNGEN. Oder Sammlung auserlesene Kunststucke, 
 die zur Bewunderung und zum Vergniigen gereichen. Leipzig, 1794. 
 bey Friedrich August Leo. 
 
 8. Pp. xx. 258 [12]. 2 plates of apparatus. 
 
 This is not a treatise on Chemistry but a couple 6. Explosions ; 7. Gases ; 8. Miscellaneous expeii- 
 
 of hundred startling effects produced by chemical ments. 
 
 action, arranged in eight classes : i. Tricks with It is a collection of popular lecture demonstra- 
 
 colours ; 2. Sympathetic inks ; 3. Tree of Diana, lions. The author has not given his name. 
 etc. ; 4. Phosphorus ; 5. Combustion experiments ; 
 
 CHIMIA. 
 
 Das Buch von der Kunst Chimia eines ungewissen Authors. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba, 1613, i. p. 504. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba, 1750, i. p. 6 1 2. 
 
 This is the translation of the tract ARTE (DE) CHYMICA (y.v.}. 
 
 CHIMICA (La) del Gusto e dell' Odorato o sia 1' Arte di comporre facilmente, 
 
 e con poca' spesa i liquori da Bere, e le Acque odorose con un metodo 
 
 nuovo per fare i liquori fini senza acquavite, Traduzione dal Fnxncese. 
 
 Firenze, MDCCLXXXXII. Nella stamperia Bonducciana con Approvazione. 
 
 8. Pp. vii, [i blank] 280. 6 engraved plates. 
 
 The author of this work is called Abbe" Poncelet, Presumably the Italian translation was made from 
 
 and Pere Polycarpe, so that his name appears also that of 1774. The French edition which I have 
 
 as Polycarpe Poncelet, and he was born at Verdun, seen is entitled Nouvelle Chimie du Go fit et de 
 
 but nothing else is said about him. He wrote a COdorai, . . . par M. G. . . . Paris, 1819, 2 
 
 tract on thunder, 1766, and one on wheat, 1779. vols., 8, with 10 plates. This is an enlarged and 
 
 The present work appeared under the title Chimie much altered edition from the above, but there 
 
 du Go&t et de I'odorat . . . , Paris, 1755, 8 ; new are paragraphs remaining which show that these 
 
 editions, Paris, 1774, 8 ; Paris, 1800, 2 vols. 8, of two books only differ by the French edition being 
 
 which there is a copy in the British Museum. modernized and improved. 
 
 Qu^rard, /.a France littdraire, 1835, vii. p. 261. Nouvelle Biographic Generate* 1866, xl. col. 735. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1823, xxxv. p. 340 ; or, Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischts Hand- 
 Id, no date, xxxiv. p. 45. ivorterbuch, 1863, ii. col. 496. 
 
 CHIMICA (La) per Le Donne. 
 
 Parva leves capiunt animos. 
 
 Ovid. 
 
 Tomo Primo. In Venezia, MDCCXCVI. Dalla Tipografia Pepoliana 
 Presso Antonio Curti q. Giacomo Con Privilegio. 
 
 8. Pp. xx. 243 [i blank]. Tomo Secondo [2 blank], iii.-viii, 233 [i] [2 blank]. 
 Pp. 173-6, numbered twice. 
 
 CHESNE (JOSEPH Du). 
 
 See QUERCETANUS (jOSEPHUS). 
 
 CHORTALASSEUS (JOHANNES). 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 CHRISTOFLE DE GAM ON. 
 Le Tresor de Tresors. 
 
 See LINTHAUT (HENRI DE), 1610. 
 
CHRIS TOPHOR USCHR YSANDER 
 
 155 
 
 CHRISTOPHORUS PARISIENSIS. 
 
 Christophori Parisiensis Elucidarius. Das ist ein edles Biichlein vom rechten 
 Grund, Mittel und Ende der wahren uhralten philosophischen universal 
 Medicin. fiir etlich hundert Jahren von diesem authore beschrieben, jetzo 
 aber in einer weit bessern Teutschen version, als fiir 40 Jahren geschehen, 
 in Druck verfertiget. Hamburg in Verlegung Gottfried Liebezeits, im 
 Jahr Christi, 1697. 
 
 8. Pp. 107-208. MS. title-page, MS. notes. 
 
 This is a fragment from a copy of the Vier aufs- Paris, 1649, 8. There is an edition of the second 
 erlesene Teutsche Chemische. Biichlein (q.v.). part, to which are added tracts by Raymund Lully, 
 
 Dufresnoy mentions Elucidarium Chimicum, Hall, 1610, 8. 
 
 Elucidarius seu artis transmutatoriae summa major cum Appendice. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 195. 
 
 Elucidarius. 
 
 See VIER AUSSERLESENE Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. 107. 
 
 Nothing is known of Christophorus Parisiensis. 
 His date is given by Lenglet Dufresnoy as 1260 ; 
 other writers say in general terms the thirteenth 
 century. Even his name is varied ; for Lenglet 
 Dufresnoy calls him "Christophe de Paris ou de 
 Perouse." 
 
 Schmieder has favoured us with a fancy bio- 
 graphy. As he was so little known he was 
 probably not a teacher in the university, but 
 is to be looked for amongst the monks. In that 
 case, however, it is not in France that he is to be 
 found, but in the Benedictine Abbey of St. 
 Albans. Two Benedictines called ' Parisiensis ' 
 lived there and wrote a history ; the elder to 1259, 
 when he died, the younger to 1273. The latter is 
 known as Matthew of Paris, and the two are usually 
 
 confused under this name ; but as it is unlikely the 
 elder was also called Matthew, possibly he was 
 Christopher. And this is history ! 
 
 A good many writings are ascribed to him by 
 Nazari, and his list is copied by Borel and sub- 
 sequent writers. None of these have been printed, 
 and, if they ever existed, or if they exist now, are 
 in manuscript. 
 
 Of the present work there was a German version 
 published at Halle, 1608, according to the Beytrag, 
 and one in Latin, at Paris, 1649. In 1772 a new 
 German edition was published at Frankfurt and 
 Leipzig. No value is attached to this tract by 
 Borrichius and other critics. In the Bibliotheque 
 Ouvaroff there is an edition of the German, Hall, 
 1688, 8, 127 pages not numbered. 
 
 Nazari, Delia Tramutatione metaliica Sogni tre, 
 Brescia, 1572, p. 137; 1599, p. 137. 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensee, 1617, p. 343. 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1654, p. 61 ; 1656, 
 
 P- 58. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Cheinicorum, 
 1697, p. 32, No. xlviii. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermdtique, 1742, i. p. 467 ; iii. p. 57, 134. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 58. 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chetnie, 1785, 
 
 P- 59 1 - 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1797, i. p. 59. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 140. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 380 ; 
 1866, i. p. 404, 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 717-721. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 347, 378, 386. 
 
 CHRYSANDER (ALITOPHILUS). 
 
 Aureum Seculum Patefactum : oder, die eroffnete giildene Zeit, darinnen 
 das von alien Chymicis und wahren Philosophis langst-gewiinschte Men- 
 struum Universale, seu Materia Chaotica sonnenklar entdecket. Gott zu 
 Ehren, und denen, die ihn lieben, zum erfreulichen Vergniigen ausgefertiget 
 von Alitophilo Chrysandro. Niirnberg, In Verlegung Johann Ziegers, 1706. 
 
 8. Pp. 207 [i blank]. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 34. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarofc Sciences 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, Gottingen, 1798, Secretes, Moscou, 1878, No. 1328. 
 ii. p. 314. Kopp, Die Alchemie, Heidelberg, 1886, ii. 
 
 p. 360. 
 
 Anhang Chymischer Ergotzlichkeiten. 
 
 See DELICIA; Medicas et Chirurgicae, 1703-1705. 
 
1 56 CHR YS1PP USCH YMI& 
 
 CHRYSIPPUS Fanianus. 
 
 See FANIANUS (CHRVSIPPUS). 
 
 CHRYSOGONUS DE PURIS. 
 
 Das Pontische oder Mercurial-Wasser der Weisen, aus Philosophischen 
 Schrifften denen Sohnen der Kunst ordentlich vorgestellet, von Chrysogono 
 de Puris Uranopolita. 
 
 Symbol. Aurea Vellera Sunt In Colcho : Hylealia Dona. 
 Anno MDCLXXXIII. 
 
 8. Sigs. A-B, in eights, or pp. [16]. Without place and printer's name. 
 
 Pontische oder Mercurial-Wasser der Weisen. . 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728,1. p. 391. 
 
 To the same anonymous writer these are also Statua mercurialis ad tincturam particularem 
 ascribed : ex universali ortam, 1689, 4. 
 
 Cynosura chemica tincturam universalem iu- 
 dicans, 1689, 4. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 118 (calls Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 14. 
 him an Englishman, a sophist and no philosopher, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarojf, Sciences 
 
 and says his tract is of no use). Secretes, 1870, No. 996, 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. 340, 391. 
 pp. 635, 640. 
 
 CHRYSORRHOAS, sive de Arte Chymica Dialogus. 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), 1561, i. sig.*5 verso. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 139. 
 
 See also PENOTUS (BERNARD G.). 
 
 CHRYSOSTOMUS (POLYCARPUS). 
 
 See DREBBEL (CORNELIUS), Tractat, 1723. 
 
 The person concealed under this pseudonym is Leipzig in 1783, with a list of two hundred Rosi- 
 
 the author of a rather notable work entitled : crucian books. Nothing is reported of the author ; 
 
 Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des even to the writer of the Beytrag his actual name 
 
 Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, first was unknown. On the three occasions when he 
 
 published in 1710, and afterwards reprinted in refers to the Missiv and its author the com- 
 
 Cardilucius' Antrum natures et artis reclusum, mendation and admiration are edged with the 
 
 1710, in Christoph Helbig's Observationes medico- double meaning which makes the verdicts of the 
 
 chymicee, 1711, and J. Ott. Helbig's Curiosa Beytrag anything but compliments. 
 physica, 1714. A new edition was published at 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Part i., p. 112. Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, No. 2423. 
 
 pp. 540, 650, 681. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 331. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1531-32. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 205. 
 
 CHYMIA. 
 
 See BUCH (Das) Chymia. 
 
 CHYMI^E Aurifodina Incomparabilis quam recludit Praeludium Prosimetricum 
 magicarum noctium sortes Sibyllinae Chymicas Vanni Granatum erutum, 
 Authoribus immortalibus adeptis cui subjungitur Commentatio de Pharmaco 
 Catholico. Lugduni Batavorum, Sumptibus Autoris, 1696. 
 
 4. Pp. [1-2 blank] 3-392 (sic, for 292), 10 engravings. Commentatio, 76 
 [i] [3 blank], i engraving. 
 
 This is a reissue of the Reconditorium ac Epigramma in Zoiluin is on f 3 recto, and on the 
 
 Reclusorium Opulentiai Sapienticzque Numinis reverse is the Idoneum ad Lectorem Interverbium. 
 
 Mundi Magni, Amstel. 1666 (q.v.). The engraved Character Adeptorum (in red) and 
 
 The only difference is in the first sheet. The the engraved plate Chorus Philosophorum of the 
 
 first leaf of it is blank ; the title-page is new, older edition have been omitted. 
 
CHYMI&CHYMISCHE 
 
 CHYMI^E. Continued. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 41. of hundred marks of fine gold. The Theatrum 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Cfiemie, 1785, Chemicum seems to me more productive according 
 
 p. 644 ( 'an excellent gold mine for the mining friends to its contents and value '). 
 
 of Hermetic science ; it bears annually a couple 
 
 CHYMICA Vannus. 
 
 See RECONDITORIUM, 1666. 
 
 See CHYMI^E AURIFODINA, 1696. 
 
 CHYMICAL Dictionary. 
 
 See F. (j.), A New light of Alchymy, etc., 1674, p. 303. 
 
 CHYMICUS. 
 
 See CURIOSE (Der) Chymicus. 
 
 CHYMIERASTES. 
 
 See C. (J.), Chymierastes. 
 
 CHYMIPHILUS (J. J.), Pseud. 
 
 Der wahren Chymischen Weisheit Offenbahrung, das ist ; getreue und 
 aufrichtige Entdeckung der Materie, welche genommen warden mufs, wann 
 man den wahren Weisen-Stein Lapidem Philosophorum Tincturam Univer- 
 salem machen will ; aus vielen Theophrastischen Handschrifften, vorhin 
 niemahlen in den Truck kommen, mit gantz deutlich und klaresten Worten 
 angezeiget, dafs es klarer nicht seyn konte. Auch wegen derenjenigen 
 welche in denen chymischen Handgriffen noch nicht sonderbar erfahren 
 seynd, mit sonderbarem Unterricht und kurtzester Unterweisung der 
 nothwendigen Praeparationen versehen. Alles denen Liebhabern der 
 Chymischen Weisheit zu Gefallen in offenen Truck gegeben von J. J. 
 Chymiphilo. Getruckt im Jahr 1720. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 219 [14, i blank]. Title red and black. Engraved plate of the 
 Prague medal. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 The date has been cut off. 
 
 Gmelin followed by Schmieder and by Kopp transmutation made at Prague, and that witnessed 
 
 says this book was printed at Niirnberg. This is by Helvetius, the curious history of Gualdus, and 
 
 not stated in the above copy, and no place is given some other narratives ; and a third describes decep- 
 
 either by Fictuld or by Ladrague. The former tions practised by so-called adepts, 
 
 writer condemns the book as ' lauter Sophistische I have followed the authorities in calling the 
 
 Quetscherey,' except the epistles of Gualdus. author Chymiphilus, but I am inclined to think 
 
 The book contains a chapter on the antiquity of that this is a mere epithet, and that the initials 
 
 Alchemy, in which reference is made to the Greek may represent the author's name, 
 alchemists ; another contains an account of the 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 517. 
 
 178, 285. Ladrague, Bibliotheqve Ovvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 52. Secretes, 1870, No. 1439. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 307. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 351. 
 
 CHYMISCHE Abhandlung worinne die verschiedene Bereitung der Spiefsglafs- 
 Tinktur . . . untersucht . . . wird. 
 See VATER (CHRISTIAN). 
 
1 58 CH YMISCHE CH YM ISC HER 
 
 CHYMISCHE Hochzeit. 
 
 See ROSENCREUTZ (CHRISTIAN). 
 
 CHYMISCHE Neuigkeiten von einer feinen Particular-Medicin, fortgesetzet 
 mit einer hochst-deutlichen Beschreibung der Materie des Steins der 
 Weisen, und dessen wahren Grunde, auch fernerer Handleitung von 
 einem Philosophen aus der alten Welt. Anno 1742. 
 
 8. Pp. [7, i blank] 52 (sic for 72). 
 
 The preface is signed T. G. X. Fictuld, Probier- the author. There is a copy in the Bibliotheque 
 Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 51, makes no account of Otataroff, 1870, No. 1641. 
 
 CHYMISCHE (Die) Sonne. 
 
 See NEU-AUFFGEHENDE (Die) Chymische Sonne, 1740. 
 
 CHYMISCHEN (Der) Weisheit Offenbahrung. 
 
 See CHYMIPHILUS (j. J.). 
 
 CHYMISCHER MONDEN-SCHEIN. 
 
 Chymischer Monden-Schein, worinnen nicht allein angezeiget wird, das 
 wahre Subjectum Philosophise, sondern auch wo solches zu suchen sey, 
 und dann wie solches praspariret werden soil ; Auf ansuchen und bitten 
 eines sonderbaren guten Freundes treulich aufgezeichnet, der erbaren Welt 
 bekandt zu machen und drucken zu lassen erlaubet, von einem Der die 
 Wahrheit nicht laugnet, verbergen will, noch kan. Franckfurt und 
 
 Leipzig, Bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1739. 
 
 8. Pp. 55 [i, 4 blank], leaf of errata inserted at the end. Wants the frontispiece. 
 MS. notes. 
 
 About the authorship of this tract see STEINBERGEN. 
 
 Chymischer Monden-Schein, worinnen nicht allein angezeiget wird, das 
 wahre Subjectum Philosophise, sondern auch wo solches zu suchen sey, 
 und dann wie solches praepariret werden soil ; Auf ansuchen und bitten 
 eines sonderbaren guten Freundes treulich aufgezeichnet, der erbaren Welt 
 bekannt zu machen und drucken zu lassen erlaubet, von einem Der die 
 Wahrheit nicht laugnet verbergen will, noch kan. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 
 bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1744. 
 
 8. Pp. 55 [5 pp. advertisement of chemical books]. The frontispiece forms a 
 double page and is not included in the pagination. 
 
 Chymischer Monden-Schein, worinnen nicht allein angezeiget wird, das 
 wahre Subjectum Philosophise, sondern auch wo solches zu suchen sey, 
 und dann wie solches praepariret werden soil. Auf Ansuchen und Bitten 
 eines sonderbaren guten Freundes treulich aufgezeichnet, der ehrbaren Welt 
 bekannt zu machen und drucken zu lassen erlaubet, von einem, Der die 
 Wahrheit nicht laugnet, verbergen will, noch kan. Franckfurt und 
 
 Leipzig, in der Fleischerischen Buchhandlung, 1760. 
 
 8. Pp. 55 [5 pp. advertisement of chemical books]. The frontispiece forms a 
 double page, and is not included in the pagination. 
 
 "In the pale moonshine," says the Beytrag, It is quoted by Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. 
 "walking is uncertain. I go my way in sunlight, p. 390. 
 and go surely. " Beytrag zur Geschichtc der hohern 
 Chrmie, 1785, p. 672. 
 
CHYMISCHERCHYM1SCH- 159 
 
 CHYMISCHER oder Alchymistischer Particular-zeiger. 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (j. EHRD VON). 
 
 CHYMISCHER Zeig- und Weg-Weiser, worinnen die Moglichkeit der 
 Metallen-Vervvandlung vor Augen gestellet, und der Weg zum Philosophischen 
 Stein eroffnet wird. In Verlegung Johann Ziegers, Buchhiindlers in 
 
 Niirnberg. Anno 1689. 
 
 24. Pp. 48. 
 
 Ladrague calls it 'Seig- und Weg-Weiser,' Bibliothlqne Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrltes, 1870, No. 1289. 
 
 CHYMISCHES Etwas in Nichts, das ist : Wie der hochberuhmte Stein der 
 Weisen als eine edle Gabe Gottes, entfernet, und in hohen Dingen 
 vergeblich gesuchet, aber nahe, und in geringen, gliicklich wird gefunden, 
 in Etwas, doch griindlich entworffen, und mit einem vollstandigen Register 
 versehen, von einem, der sich Mit In Gott BeLustiget. Drefsden und 
 Leipzig, zu finden bey Gottfried Leschen, 1722. 
 
 8. Pp. 38. Index [10]. 
 
 The author's initials seem to be M. I. G. B. L. a disgrace for such a man to spend his time in 
 
 Fictuld (Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 48), men- penning "arch-lies" and sophistical deceptions, 
 
 tions an edition of 1718. He says that the author knowing them to be such ! Ladrague, Bibliotklque 
 
 was a Saxon Decanus Theologies, and he thinks it Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1440. 
 
 CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein, in welchem die Verborgenheit der Natur 
 und Kunst gepflantzet, daneben die Materie und Weise zum Lapide 
 Philosophico zu wiircken, entdecket zu befinden. von Einem Liebhaber 
 der Weisheit die im Verborgenen liget. Ludwigsburg, Bey Christian 
 Heinrich Pfotenhauer. A. 1747. 
 
 8. Pp. 106 (but pp. 64-65 are dropped). 
 
 The following tracts are contained in this J. C. Chymierastes den Liebhabern der Her- 
 
 collection : metischen Philosophic Heyl, etc., p. 80. 
 
 Theophrastus Paracelsus, Apocalypsis Hermetis, Johann Arnd, Judicium uber die Vier Figuren 
 
 von der Offenbahrung des verborgenen Geistes der des grossen Amphitheatri Henrici Khunraths, 
 
 Natur, p. 4. p. 87. 
 
 Hermeticse Philosophise Studiosis [Epistola], p. Otto Hellwig, Send-schreiben an P. Alexium 
 
 17. Augustiner Ordens in Wien, p. 97. 
 
 Philosophisches Ra'tzel in Teutsche Reimen Wahrhaffter und gerechter Process vom Liquore 
 
 gebracht durch Filip Zesen von Furstenau, p. 20. Alcahest und der Tinctur, p. 101. 
 
 Das Geheimniifs vom Steine der Weisen or das Die Zubereitung des Liquoris, p. 103. 
 
 Geheimnifs der hermetischen Philosophic, p. 22. Tugenden dieses Liquoris Alcahest, p. 105. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 375. 
 
 CHYMISCHES Zwey-BIat. 
 
 See LANGE (JOHANN). 
 
 CHYMISCH- Unterirdischer Sonnen-Glantz ; das ist : Ausfuhrlicher Unterricht, 
 von dem wahren Philosophisch-Chymischen Subjecto, und dessen natiirlich- 
 und nothigen Hand-Arbeiten, den sogenannten Lapidem Philosophorum 
 aus alien dreyen Reichen sender Anstand, Schaden und Unkosten zu 
 verfertigen, Gott zu Ehren, der Warheit zu Steuer, denen armen Suchenden 
 und Seuffzenden zum Trost und grosten Vergniigen ans Licht gegeben, 
 von einem der Warheit besitzend und liebenden Freunde, der sich verdeckt 
 nennet, Christlich, Fiirsichtig Vnd Stille, ist des Authoris Ernster Wille. 
 Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1728. 
 
i6o 
 
 CHYMISCH CLAWS 
 
 CHYMISCH-. Continued. 
 
 8. Pp. [14, including the Frontispiece] 424. Errata [2, 2 blank]. The Frontis- 
 piece in two compartments represents a mine, and a Chemist in the midst of his 
 apparatus, in the open air. Folding plate full of symbols entitled : Tabula Aurea 
 Salomonis et Hennetis. Title red and black. 
 
 Das 3 te und 4 te Buch aus den Wunderbahren 
 Begebenheiten eines unbekandten Philosophi, pp. 
 226, 282. 
 
 Ein Dialogus vom Stein der Weisen wo der 
 Praeceptor Georgius und Discipulus Albertus iiber 
 Bernhardi Fontinlein herrlich discuriren, p. 333. 
 
 Aula Lucis, oder : Das Haufs des Lichts durch 
 S. N. . . . beschrieben, . . . iibersetzt durch 
 J. L. M. C.,p. 394. 
 
 FRIEDRICH VON STEINBERGEN (q.V.) : C. F. V. S. 
 
 In the Beytrag, while these two personages are 
 identified, the authorship of the present work is not 
 mentioned at all. 
 
 Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, ii. p. 390 (among 
 books having the sun as part of the title). 
 
 The volume contains the following tracts : 
 
 Chymisch-Unterirdischer Sonnen-Glantz, p. i. 
 
 Die drei letzten Capitel de Occulta Philosophorum 
 Chymia (in verse), p. 24. 
 
 Von Nattirlichen und iibernatiirlichen Dingen 
 (Basilii Valentini), p. 43. 
 
 Dicta Alani, p. 152, 
 
 Metallurgia des Doctor Tanckii, p. 169. 
 
 Fictuld assigns this tract to Steinbergen, whom 
 he identifies with CHRYS. FERDINAND VON SABOR 
 (y.v.). The initials of the pseudonymous author 
 correspond with those of Sabor's, or of CHRISTIAN 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein t 1723, Th. ii. p. 136. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 660, 663. 
 
 CIMBALUM Aureum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 781. 
 CLAIUS (JOHANN). 
 
 Alckumistica, das ist : ein wunderbarliche seltzame, vnd bewerte Kunst, aufs 
 Mist gut Arabisch, Turckisch, vnnd Reinisch Goldt, jha auch das beste 
 gedigen Silber zu machen. Wider die betriigliche Alchimisten, vnnd 
 vngeschickte vermeinte Theophratisten [sic], von einem sondern guten Freiindt, 
 (so durch disc Fantasey betrogen, vnnd zu nachster Armut gerahten), alien 
 Hochverstandigen zur vermeidung diser falschen Kunst, gantz notdiirfftig 
 beschriben : durch M. lohannen Claium. 
 
 Weil jetzund fast in allem Landt, 
 Die Alchimey nimbt vberhandt, 
 Das mancher wirdt dardurch verfurt, 
 Wie man wol an Exempeln spurt, 
 Hab ich zu Spott der Alchimey, 
 Bschriben die grofs betriegerey. 
 Gedruckt zu Amberg, durch Michael Forster. Anno M.D.XCIIII. 
 
 4. Sig. A[=pp. 8]. MS. additions, 4 pp. The date is partly obliterated, and 
 may be M.D.XCIII. The vignette represents a capillary filter. 
 
 This is in verse and contains a recommendation 
 to farmers to spread stable and byre manure upon 
 the fields, and Claius then proceeds to trace the 
 profit that accrues thereby to the crops, to the 
 cattle, to the poultry, to the orchard, and so at 
 last to the owner. It is a brief sketch of rural 
 economy. 
 
 Kopp quotes an edition of Miihlhausen, 1616 : 
 " Altkumistica, das ist, die ware Goldkunst, aus 
 Mist durch seine Operation vnd Proces gut Goldt 
 zu machen, Wieder die betrieglichen Alchymisten 
 vnd vngeschickten vermeinten Theophrastisten 
 von Herrn Johanne Clajo beschrieben. Neben 
 angehencktem Special-Bericht Mennigklichen zur 
 Nachrichtung und Warnung zusammengebracht 
 
 Wolfius, Bibliotheca Hebreea, 1727, iii. p. 361. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, I. iv. c. 4, 7, p. 751. 
 
 Stolle, Anleilung sur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, p. 112. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 1927. 
 
 durch Aletophilum Parrhesiensem. " The first 
 part seems a reprint of the present poem ; the 
 second part contains an exposure of and warning 
 against the tricks of fraudulent alchemists. 
 
 JohannClaius, born 1535, was a nativeof Herzberg 
 in Saxony, Rector at Goldberg, then at Nord- 
 hausen, and in 1574 pastor at Bendeleben in Thur- 
 ingia. He was a Hebrew Scholar, and made 
 several translations into that language, amongst 
 others of the Gospels and Epistles, Leipzig, 1578, 
 afterwards, 1586, in the form of a tetraglott, 
 German, Greek, Latin and Hebrew. He is the 
 first also who compiled a complete German 
 grammar, of which editions of 1578, 1604, and 
 1651 are mentioned. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie^ 1797, i. 518. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemte, 1832, p. 
 
 35 2 - 
 
 Allgemeine Deitfsche Biographte ; 1876, iv. p. 
 270. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 237. 
 
CLANGOR CLAUDER 161 
 
 CLANGOR Buccinse. 
 
 See ALCHIMIA (De) Opuscula, 1550, i. f. 79. 
 
 See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 288. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 389; 1750, i. p. 473. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. pp. 147, 877. 
 
 In the German translation it is also called Der Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Tli. i. p. 63. 
 Than der Schalmeyen, and it sometimes appears \^AvA%vtK.,Bil>lioth^queOuvaroff,SciencesSecretes, 
 under the form Clamor. 1870, No. 1018. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptonim Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 23, xxxii. 
 
 CLARKE (WILLIAM). 
 
 The Natural History of Nitre : or, a Philosophical Discourse of the Nature, 
 Generation, Place, and Artificial Extraction of Nitre, with its Vertues 
 and Uses. By William Clarke. London ; Printed by E. Okes for 
 Nathaniel Brook at the Angel in Cornhill, neer the Royal Exchange, 1670. 
 
 8. Pp. [14] 93. [i blank.] Imperfect, wanting A^ 
 
 William Clarke was born at Swainswyke, near where he died, 24 April, 1684. Morhof calls him 
 
 Bath, about 1640. His university course was taken Royal physician. 
 
 in Merton College, Oxford, where he graduated Haller mentions a medical tract apparently by 
 
 B.A. 1661, M.A. 1662, and was elected fellow of him, but the treatise on nitre is that by which he 
 
 Merton in 1663. He afterwards studied medicine, is best known. It was translated into Latin : 
 
 and took the degree of M.D., and, settling in Bath, Naturalis Historia Nitri, Frankfurt, 1675, 8, 
 
 practised his profession there with the greatest London, 1675, 8 ; Hamburg, 1675, 8. 
 
 success and esteem. In spite of strong induce- Long previous to Clarke's, a tract on nitre had 
 
 ments to continue there, he removed to Stepney, been published by Thomas Chaloner, London, 
 
 1584, small 4, ff. [2] 22. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 372. Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca scriptorum medicorum, 1731, col. 1934. 
 
 I. ii. p. 60. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 194. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheae metallicce, Kloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Atedecine, 
 
 1732, p. 44. 1778, i. p. 654. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhisior, 1732, ii. p. 421. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 274. 
 
 p. 200. Wood, AthtncB Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. 
 
 col. 133. 
 
 CLAUDER (GABRIEL). 
 
 Gabrielis Clauderi, D. Medici Ducalis Saxonici, Academici Curiosi, Dissertatio 
 de Tinctura Universali (vulgo Lapis Philosophorum dicta). In qua 
 i. Quid Haec sit. 2. Quod detur in Rerum Natura; an Christiano consul- 
 turn sit immediate in hanc inqvirere ; 4. e qva Materia : & 5. qvo modo 
 prseparetur, per rationes, & Variorum experientiam perspicue proponitur; 
 aliaqve curiosa & utilia, huic analoga, adnectuntur. Ad Normam Academise 
 Naturae Curiosorum. Cum Serenissimi Electoris Saxonise Privilegio. Alten- 
 burgi apud Godofredum Richterum, 1678. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 272. Index [24]. 
 
 Another edition : Altenburgi, 1668, 4*, is men- to the criticism of Alchemy by Athanasius Kircher. 
 tioned, and a reprint : Schediasma de Tinctura Another reply was made by BLAUWENSTEIN (s.) 
 Universali, Norimbergas, 1736. This is a reply 
 
 Gabrielis Clauderi, des beriihmten Medici Dissertation von der Universal- 
 Tinctur oder dem Stein der Weisen, in welcher i. Was diese seye 2. ob 
 sie in der Natur gefunden werde, und ob einem Christen niitzlich seye, 
 selbe zu erforschen ; 3. Aus was fur einer Materi ; und 4. wie sie bereitet 
 werde, durch Beweifs-Griind und Erfahrungen beschrieben wird, deme 
 
 L 
 
1 62 
 
 CLA UDERCLA VE 
 
 CLAUDER (GABRIEL). Continued, 
 
 noch andere niitzliche und curiose Sachen mit beygefiiget worden. Denen 
 Liebhabern zu Gefallen, ins Teutsche versetzet von einem Teutsch-gesinnten. 
 Nurnberg, in Verlegung Peter Paulus Bleul, Kunst- und Buchhandlern, 
 Oettingen, gedruckt bey Stephan Rolcken, Fiirstl. Hof-Buchdrucker. 
 Anno MDCLXXXIL 
 
 8. Pp. 217 (misprint for 271). Register [7]. Wants pp. 221-2. This is a 
 translation of the Dissertatio, to which is appended (p. 223) the tract entitled : Das 
 vermittelst eines allgemeinen Magnetcn herabgesogene Lufft-Gold. 
 
 In his defence of alchemy against Kircher, and possibility of metallic transmutation, and did what 
 his teacher Rolfinck, he did not rely on his own he could for his time. 
 experience, but gathered historic evidence of the 
 
 Tractatus de Tinctura Universal! ubi in Specie contra R. P. Athanasium 
 Kircherum pro existentia Lapidis Philosophici disputatur. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 119. 
 
 Eine Abhandlung vom Universal Stein. 
 
 See SCHRODER (FR. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, 
 
 ' P- 
 
 Gabriel Clauder, son of Joseph Clauder, 
 laureated poet, rector of Altenburg, was born there 
 18 Oct., 1633, studied at Jena and Leipzig, and 
 graduated M.D. there; travelled in Holland, 
 England, and Italy, practised in his native place, 
 and was physician to several of the Saxon princes, 
 and as associate he contributed papers to the 
 Academia Naturae Curiosorum under the name 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 310. 
 
 Miscellanea Academia Natures Curiosorum, for 
 1691, Norimb. 1692 ; Appendix, pp. 215-338 ; 
 Memoir, with a fine portrait of Clauder. 
 
 Paschius, De Inventis Novis Tractatus, 1700, pp. 
 364, 367, 373. (Refers to his method of embalming. ) 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptomm Medicorum, 1731, 
 I. ii. pp. 63-76. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 
 1732, p. 44. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 200. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1939. 
 
 Biichner, Academia; . , . Naturae Curiosorum 
 Hisloria, 1755, p. 468, No. 67. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 634. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 500. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 366,477. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la M6decine< 
 1778, i. p. 655. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Mediclnce practices, 1779, iii. 
 p. 105. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 90. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichie der hbhern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 630. 
 
 CLAUSIER (J.-Louis). 
 
 See QUINCY (JOHN), 1749. 
 
 CLAVE (ESTIENNE DE). 
 
 Le Cours de Chimie d'Estienne de Clave Docteur en Medecine, qui est le 
 Second Liure des Principes de Nature. A Paris, Chez Olivier de Varennes, 
 rue S. lacques, au Vase d'or. M.DC.XLVI. Avec Priuilege du Roy. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 1 88 [8]. 
 
 Theseus. He died in October (Biichner says 
 9 Jan.), 1691 (others 1690). 
 
 Amongst his works must be mentioned his 
 Methodus balsatnandi corpora humana, Altenburg, 
 1679, 4 ; and De invento cinnabarino, Jena, 1684, 
 4 ; but he wrote also about a thermoscope, about 
 gunshot wounds, about mirrors, and on natural 
 history. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 31, 
 208, 220, 373. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Ctiemischen L.iticratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 148, 186, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 281. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 189. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Medecine, 1831, I. ii. p. 823. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 413. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1844, viii. p. 360. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, 
 i. p. 502. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gdnh-ale, 1863, x. col. 696. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 590, 1230, 1632. 
 
 Gotter, Elogia clarorum Altenburgensium, 1713, 
 p. 58. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Altdi- 
 cales, 1875, xvii. p. 658. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1876, iv. p. 278. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 208 ; 
 2nd Series, 1898, iii. p. 666. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. 218 (commends 
 the author for the clearness of his exposition). 
 
CLA VECLA VIS 163 
 
 CLAVE (ESTIENNE DE). Continued. 
 
 Baumer ascribes to him a work : Principes de the present Cours de Chimie. The author must not 
 
 Nature, Paris, 1635, 8, and Weigel quotes another be identified with Gaston Claveus or Dulco, which, 
 
 work, Nouvelle Lumiere philosophique des vrays indeed, seems to be a misnomer. He was author 
 
 Principes . . . de la Nature, par Clave, Paris, also of a work : Paradoxes des pierres et pier- 
 
 1641, 8, which might be an earlier edition of reries, Paris, 1635, 8. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 61 ; 1656, Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheide- 
 p. 59- kunst, 1788, i. pp. 152, 153. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodrotnus Bibliothecce metallicce, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1732, p. 44. 1806-08, pp. 133, 140. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 51. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroft, Sciences 
 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1081. 
 
 CLAVES (GASTON DE). 
 See DUCLO (GASTON). 
 
 CLAVICULA. 
 
 See LULLIUS (RAYMUNDUS). 
 
 Clavicula Hermeticae Scientiae Ab Hyperboreo Quodam Horis Subsecivis 
 Calamo Consignata Anno C!D IDCC xxxn. Marburgi Sumptibus 
 
 Phil. Casimiri Mullen, MDCCXLVI. 
 
 4. Pp. 20. 
 
 Clavicula Hermeticae Scientiae Ab Hyperboreo Quodam Horis Subsecivis 
 Calamo Consignata. Anno do clcc xxxn. 1786. 
 
 La Clavicule de la Science Hermetique ecrite par un Habitant du Nord dans 
 ses Heures de Loisir. L'An MDCCXXXII. 1786. 
 
 8. Pp. 76. Latin and French on opposite pages. Without place and printer's name. 
 
 There is another edition in Latin and French, Amsterdam, P. Mortier, 1751, sm. 8, pp. 73, quoted 
 by Ladrague. I have not seen it. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1475-76. 
 
 CLAVIS Majoris Sapientiae. 
 See ARTEPHIUS. 
 
 CLAVIS Philosophise Chemicae. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz vnd Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii. 
 
 P- 123. 
 See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 447. 
 
 CLAVIS Philosophorum. 
 
 See ECK DE SULTZBACH (PAULUS). 
 
 CLAVIS, sambt seiner Declaration der Chymischen Handgriffen. 
 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. (1598), p. 82. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, 1610. Appendix Tomi Primi, 
 
 p. 124. 
 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 229. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 124 
 
 CLAVIS Sapientiae. 
 See ARTEPHIUS. 
 
1 64 CLA VISCLODIUS 
 
 CLAVIS Thesaurorum. 
 
 See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 261. 
 See also SCHLUSSEL. 
 
 CLAVIS totius philosophize chemisticae. 
 See DORN (GERARD). 
 
 CLEFS de la Philosophic Hermetique. 
 
 See LE BRETON (CHARLES). 
 
 CLETTUS (GEORGIUS). 
 
 Augenscheinliche Erklarung aller und jeder Particularitaten, fiirnembsten 
 Handtgriffen vnnd Vortheylen ad conficiendum Azot Philosophorum 
 necessaria. 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 375. 
 
 CLIII. Aphorismes Chymiques. 
 
 See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). 
 
 CLIII. Aphorismi. 
 
 See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). 
 
 CLINGIUS (FRANCISCUS). 
 
 Niitzliche Answeisung . . . iiber Basilii Valentin! Chymische Schrifften. 
 See PHILOSOPHISCHES Licht und Schatten, &c., 1738, No. iii. p. 63. 
 
 Franciscus Clinge was a Prussian privy-coun- einigen Wahrheit, in Erforschung der verborgenen 
 
 cillor, but I have failed to get any details about Heimlichkeiten der Natur," Ibid. 1701, 8. 
 
 him. The author of the Jungfer Alchymia speaks of 
 
 Other three tracts besides the above were written him as excellent, and says no one has better 
 
 by him : " Freywillige Einladung zur Anweisung insight into the composition of the metals than he, 
 
 in der wahren Chymie oder Philosophia hermetica," and in order to silence carping critics quotes a long 
 
 1712, 4; " Ein richiiger Wegweiser zu der einigen passage from Clinge's reply. Kopp merely men- 
 
 Wahrheit in Erforschung der verborgenen Heim- tions the " Richtiger Wegweiser" as by a Franz 
 
 lichkeiten der Natur," Berlin, 1701, 8; " Antwort Clinge, and adds that it must have been reviewed 
 
 an Theodorum Candidum, wegen des Cluvers by a certain Cluver, probably Detlef Cliiver of 
 
 fameuse Charteque, wider den Wegweiser zur Schleswig, because of Clinge's published reply 
 
 thereto. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 43. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 384. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 310. 
 
 CLIVOLO (BARTHOLOM^EUS A). 
 
 See VIOTTUS (BARTHOLOMEWS) a Clivolo. 
 
 CLODIUS (BALDUINUS). 
 
 Balduini Clodii weyland gewesenen Fiirstlichen Marggravischen zu Uurlach, 
 demnach Fiirstlichen Anhaltischen zu Dessaw Rahts vnd Leib Medici. 
 Officina Chymica, das ist : Kiinstliche Spagyrischen Zuzubereitung (sic) der 
 Animalischen, Vegetabilischen, Metallischen vnd Mineralischen Medicam- 
 enten, sampt deroselben heylsamen Gebrauch, vnd Wiirckung zur Gesundheit 
 Menschliches Leibes. Sampt beygefugtem Consilio, wie man sich in 
 Pestilentzischen Laufften verhalten soil. Jetzo publiciert vnd an Tag 
 geben durch J. E. B. Medicum zu S. Getruckt zu Oppenheim bey 
 Hieronymo Gallern, in Vorlegung Johann-Theodor de Bry, 1620. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 189 [7]. 
 
CLODIUSCOCHEIM 
 
 ,65 
 
 CLODIUS (BALDUINUS). Continued. 
 
 Mercklin quotes an edition of Franckfurt, 1633, 
 4. Gtnelin calls him "Barth." and his book: 
 "Officium (sic) chymica (sic), consilium uncl 
 regimen wie sich manniglichen in pestilenzischen 
 Lauften zu verhalten, 4, Oppenheim, 1620, 
 Frankf., 1633. This title is either that of the 
 1633 edition, which I have not seen, or else it is 
 a condensed form of the 1620 title. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatits, 1686, p. 108. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 P- 495- 
 
 Weigel, Einltitwtg zur allgemeinen Schtidc- 
 kunst, 1788, i. p. 147. 
 
 CLOPINEL. 
 
 See MEUN (JEAN DE). 
 
 CNOFFEL (ANDREAS). 
 
 Responsum ad Positiones de Spiritu Mundi quod in se continet Reserationem 
 Tumbae Semiramidis. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 880. 
 
 This is taken by Gmelin from Haller, who also 
 misnames him ' Bariholomseus,' and gives the 
 same title (but writes it correctly officina) and he 
 further informs us that J. E. B. is Burggrav, and 
 that the edition of 1633 had Burggrav's name. 
 
 Ladrague quotes f-iinf underschiedliche Tractdt- 
 lein, Frankfurt a. M. 1640, 4, which contains the 
 present work by Clodius, and others by Burggrav, 
 Paracelsus, Kornthauer, etc., on epidemics. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 570. 
 Ladrague, Bibliothequc Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1601. 
 
 This paper first appeared in the Miscellanea of 
 the Academia Natura; Curiosorum, Ann. 4 and 5, 
 Append, pp. 265-380, Lips. 1676. 
 
 The name of the author occurs also as Cneuffel 
 aiid Knoephel. There are two persons of this 
 name, and the identification of them requires 
 attention. 
 
 They were both born at Bautzen, and lived, one 
 in the earlier, the other in the latter half of the 
 seventeenth century. Andreas, the elder, was 
 physician of Wladislas IV., and of John Casimir, 
 Kings of Poland. He wrote one or two medical 
 works, on gout, 1643; fevers, 1655; etc., and his 
 death took place on 24 Dec. , 1658, in the camp at 
 Thorn. 
 
 The younger Andreas is called by Jb'cher the 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 42. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Mmm. 
 4 recto, Ann. 24 Dec., 1658. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 87. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 17^0, 
 p. 205. 
 
 Jocher, Augtmeuus Gelehrten-I^exicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1977. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. 569 (calls 
 him J. Andr. Cnoeffel). 
 
 Haller, Biblioiheca Ana/otnica, 1774, i. p. 613. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 343. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Aledicinee practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 son, but by Kestner and this seems more accurate 
 the brother of the preceding. There is nothing 
 very unusual in two brothers having the same 
 Christian name. He was physician of the Bishop 
 of Ermeland, and of Michael and John III., also 
 Kings of Poland. He died in 1699 at Marienburg, 
 where he was burgomaster. No separate works of 
 his seem to have been issued, but a number of 
 dissertations by him are printed in the proceedings 
 of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum. Witte and 
 Mercklin (copied by Mangel) have run the two men 
 together, and put the works on gout and fever 
 along with the dissertations under one heading, 
 although there is an interval of twenty years 
 between them. The present paper is by the 
 younger man. 
 
 568 (the elder) ; 1779, iii. 344 (the younger ; Haller 
 had experienced the difficulty of distinguishing 
 them). 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique ds la Me"decine, 
 1778, i. p. 671. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 27, 
 217, 269. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 147, 176, 178. 
 
 Biographic Mc'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 290. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 360 (Cnoffel 
 der Jiingere). 
 
 COCHEIM (JOHANN HEINRICH) von Hollrieden. 
 
 Ein Philosophisch vnd Chymischer Tractat : genandt : Errantium in rectam 
 & planam viam Reductio. Das ist : Bestandiger, Vnwidersprechlicher, vnd 
 gantz griindlicher berioht, von der wahren Vniversal Materia, defs grossen 
 Vniversal Steins der Weisen, woraufs derselbige gemacht werde, vnd ob es 
 nur ein einig ding : oder aber mehr dann eines : auch was es sey, vnd wie 
 es mit seinem allgemeinen bekandtlichem Namen heisse : Aufs der Natur 
 selbsten, auch vnfehlbare, naturgemassen, vnd Natur miigliche Consensu 
 der fiirtrefflichen, schwerverstandlichen, vhralten, bewehrten Philosophen : 
 
1 66 COCHEIM CODEX 
 
 COCHEIM (JOHANN HEINRICH) von Hollrieden. Continued. 
 
 Allein zu Gottes Ehr, der lieben Warheit, vnd der wahren Chemiae zu stewer : 
 alien Gottesliebenden, der Wahrheit vnd wahren geschicklichkeit begierigen 
 filiis doctrinae, zu sonderbarem gefallen, vnd friichtlicher befiirderung jhres 
 geheymen vorhabens : eygentlich demonstrirt vnd offentlich jetzunder an 
 tag gegeben : Durch den Edlen, Gestrengen vnd Vesten, Johann Heinrichen 
 Cocheim von Hollrieden. Wird auch zu end angehengt, ein herrliche 
 particular Arbeit, die sich Monatlich auff ein merkliche gradation zur 
 glantzenden Apollinis Kron in der Diana erstrecken thut. 
 
 Frater Basilius Valentinus sagt Triumph. Antim. fol. 141. 
 Von vnerkandten vnd vnwissenden dingen soil niemand ein vrtheil fallen. 
 Gedruckt zu Strafsburg, in Verlegung Eberhardi Zetzners Buchhandlers, 
 1626. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 119 [i blank]. 
 
 Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. 562) Fuchs, Reperturium der Chemischen Litteratitr, 
 
 quotes a previous edition, Hornbach, 1625, 8, with 1806-08, p. 124, calls him correctly Hollrieden. 
 
 the author's initials only, but calls him ' Roll- Teutsc/ies Fegfeuer der Scheidekunst, 1702, p. 
 
 rinden.' Kopp (Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 384) spells 114, calls him Holrieden, and says that in spite of 
 
 his name Hellrieden ; it is certainly Hollrieden his promise he has not handled the subject, 
 
 throughout the 1626 edition. This is an inter- He is quoted as an authority in Die Edelgtborne 
 
 esting tract, for though short it covers a good deal Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 345. 
 of ground and quotes leading authorities, of 
 whom a list is given at the end. 
 
 COCUS (JACOBUS), Prases. 
 
 De Putredine Theses Physicae, quarum Patrocinium pro Loco Facultatis 
 Philosophical in celeberrima Vitebergensi Academia suscipiet, D.O.M.A. 
 Praeses M. lacobus Cocus, Ederslebiensis. Respondente lohanne Emerico, 
 Hirschbergensi Silesio. Ad horam vn. 18 Januarij. Witebergae; Typis 
 M. Georgij Mullerj. Anno cloloxciv. 
 
 4. Pp. [n, i blank]. 
 
 Haller quotes the above, one depeste, Witteberg, Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 257. 
 1607, 4, and some others, and also a work in MS. : Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 275. 
 Dendrographia S. de Plantis lib. iv. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines itractica:, 1777, ii. 
 
 P- 3 J 4. 
 
 CODEX Medicamentarius, seu Pharmacopoea Parisiensis, ex Mandato Facultatis 
 Medicinae Parisiensis in lucem edita, M. Hyacintho Theodore Baron, Decano. 
 Parisiis, apud Guilielmum Cavelier, via Jacobea, sub insigne Lilii Aurei. 
 M.DCC.XXXII. Cum Privilegio Regis. 
 
 4. Pp. [14] cxxvj. [2] 251 [i bl.] xxxvj. 
 
 Baron was born at Paris in April 1686, and had got an established footing. The lists of these 
 graduated doctor of medicine in 1710. He was are interesting. His death occurred 28 July, 1758. 
 professor of surgery, materia medica and pharmacy, He was the author of a few medical dissertations, 
 and in 1730 the Faculty of Medicine elected him and he must not be confused with his son, who 
 Dean, which office he held till 1733. During this bore the same name, lived 1707-1787, and pub- 
 period he endeavoured to complete the Faculty lished a considerable number of works. 
 Library, and it was by his care that the present The Codex was first published in 1732, then in 
 work was compiled and published. This Pharma- 1749, 4, 1758, 4, at Paris, and 1760, 4, at 
 copoea belongs to a time when chemical medicines Frankfurt. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 1770, v. p. 80. 25), i. p. 563. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 378, QueYard, La France littfraire, 1827, i. p. 185. 
 419) 754- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 wdrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 104. 
 
CODiCCOELUM 167 
 
 CODICE Farmaceutico per lo State della Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia 
 compilato per Ordine dell' Eccellentissimo Magistrate della Sanita. Padova 
 M.DCC.XC. Nella Stamperia del Seminario presso Tommaso Bettinelli 
 con pubbliche Permissioni e Privilegio. 
 
 4. Pp. xii. 274. 
 
 COELHO (MANGEL RODRIGUES). 
 
 Pharmacopea Tubalense Chimico-Galenica, Parte Primeira. Em que se faz 
 nam so' huma reflexam physica sobre os Principles dos mixtos, expondo 
 depois a diffinic,ao de ambas as Pharmacopeas, e as opperac,6es, em que se 
 dividem, com os objectos della inteiramente explicados. Mas tambem 
 se mostra hum dicionario com muitas vozes, e termos de ambas as 
 Pharmacias, e a explicac.ao dos mais versados Synonomos, com que em 
 diversos idiotismos se pedem os simpleces medicinaes ; e finaliza com a 
 indagac.ao dos tres Reynos Animal, Vegetal, e Mineral, com algumas objecc.6es 
 propostas, e decididas a cerca dos medicamentos deste tam dilatado Imperio- 
 Author Manoel Rodrigues Coelho, Boticario nesta Corte, e natural da Villa 
 de Setubal. Offerecida. Ao Senhor Dezembargador. Joao Alvares Dacosta 
 Cavalleiro Professo na Ordem de Christo, da Academia' Real da Historia 
 erudictissimo Academico, Dezembargador rectissimo da Casa da Supplicated, 
 Sapientissimo Expediente dos Aggravos, do Fisco dignissimo Juiz, das 
 Nagoes de Alemanha, e Amburguense meretissimo Conservador, do Real 
 Tribunal do Conselho de Guerra vigilantissimo Promoter, e do tombo 
 da represalia Juiz Doutissimo. Por Carlos da Sylva Correa. Lisboa 
 Occidental: Na Officina de Antonio de Sousa da Sylva. M.DCC.XXXV. 
 Com todas as licences necessarias. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [22] 336. Title red and black. 
 
 Parte Segunda. Que contem hum tratado das mais usuaes, e selectas 
 composifoens, tanto dos Antigos, como dos Modernos, e ainda algumas, que por 
 occultas senao vulgarizavaS ; comos Calculos dos medicamentos Purgantes, Nar- 
 coticos, e Mercuriaes, e tambem com as annotapoens precisas, e necessarias para 
 a sua mais prefeita manipulafaQ. 
 
 PP- [6] 337-896. 
 
 This pharmacopoeia is mentioned by Haller, Pereira, Elements of Materia Medico., 1857, II. ii. 
 Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 699, by Gmelin, p. 856 (also an edition of 1751). 
 Gcschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 377, and by 
 
 COELUM Philosophorum, die auf alle Liebhaber der wahren Hermetischen 
 Weifsheit ihre Influenzen herabflofsende, und das Firmament des Philoso- 
 phischen Himmels Bestrahlende Planeten, oder: Eine auf wahre Praxin 
 gegriindete, und durch die Experienz bestattigte, auch mit alien Handgriffen, 
 und vielen der Zeit verborgen gehaltenen Geheimniifsen begabte Anleitung: 
 Wie nicht allein in der so genannten Via Corporum, sowohl im nassen als 
 truckenen Wege, das Hermetische Kleinod, sondern auch aus alien sieben 
 Metallen, und verschiedenen Mineralien, tingirende Elexiria, oder so genannte, 
 ihren grofsen Nutzen abwerffende Particulair-Tincturen, auch besondere rare, 
 zur Restaurirung der menschlichen Gesundheit, und Wegnehmung vieler 
 sonst gefahrlichen, ja fast fur incurabel gehaltenen Kranckheiten dienende 
 Medicamenta zu erlangen; aus besonderer Liebe des Nechsten an den 
 
1 68 CO EL UM- CO HA USN 
 
 COELUM Philosophorum. Continued. 
 
 Tag gegeben von einem Grundlicher Spagirischer Wissenschafften Cultore. 
 Drefsden und Leipzig, in der Hiibnerischen Buchhandlung. 1739. 
 
 8. Pp. [14] 143 [i blank]. Folding title. 5 rough woodcuts. 
 
 Though the titles are analogous, there is nothing Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 in this book in common with that of Ulstad. p 666. 
 
 For alchemical works entitled "Coelum," see Ladrague, Biblioth'eque Ouva.ro/, Sciences 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 361. Secretes, 1870, No. 1459. 
 
 COELUM Terrestre. 
 
 See LAVINIUS (WENCESLAUS). 
 
 COHAUSEN (JOHANN HEINRICH). 
 
 Hermippus Redivivus, sive Exercitatio physico-medica curiosa de Methodo 
 rara ad cxv. Annos prorogandae Senectutis per Anhelitum Puellarum, in 
 veteri Monumento Romano deprompta, nunc Artis medicae Fundamentis 
 stabilita, et Rationibus atque Exemplis, nee non singulari Chymiae Philoso- 
 phicae Paradoxo illustrata et confirmata Autore Jo. Henr. Cohausen, M.D. 
 Senectutis Marcor dissolvi profecto non potest, succurri tamen, ut quam- 
 
 plurimum producatur. Galen l.d. Marc. c. 5. 
 Francofurti ad Maenum, Apud Joh. Benj. Andreae & Henr. Hort. Anno 1742. 
 
 8. Pp. [20] 90. 
 
 This work was translated into German and the translator, in the Dictionary of National 
 
 published : Soran, 1753, 8. Biography, 1886, viii. p. 373, and a list of his 
 
 The English version was made by Dr. John works is given by Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 
 
 Campbell, Hermippus redivivus : or the Sage's 1819, i. (authors) 188 w. and in Kippis's Biographia 
 
 Triumph over Old Age and the Grave, London, Britannica, 1784, iii. p. 209. 
 
 1748, small 8, pp. [6] 124. This is a rare book. Kippis puts the first edition of Campbell's version 
 
 The second edition, London, 1749, 8. In the in 1743, which seems a misprint for 1748, and the 
 
 Retrospective Review there is a chattering empty second in 1749. He treats the translation as if 
 
 article on the prolongation of life, in which this it were an original work of Campbell's, 
 book is noticed. There is a notice of Campbell 
 
 Lumen Novum Phosphoris Accensum, sive Exercitatio Physico-Chymica, de 
 causa lucis in Phosphoris tam naturalibus quam artificialibus, exarata ad 
 provocationem celeberrimae Regiae in Galliis Burdegalensium Academiae a 
 Joanne Henr. Cohausen, M.D. Reverendiss. & Celsiss. Principis & 
 Episcopi Monasteriensis & Padebornensis D. D. Francisci Arnoldi 
 Archiatro Horstmario-Ahusano. Amstelodami, apud Joannem Oosterwyk, 
 MDCCXVII. 
 
 8. Pp. [28] 306. Index, etc. [16]. Errata [2]. Title red and black. Engraved 
 title included in the pagination. 
 
 Joannis Henrici Cohausen Hildesiensis, Medicinae Doctoris. Tentaminum 
 Physico-Medicorum Curiosa Decas de Vita Humana theoretice et practice 
 per pharmaciam prolonganda. Ex veterum et recentiorum philosophorum 
 ac chymiatrorum fundamentis rarioribus et secretioribus inventis, ratiociniis, 
 experimentis, historice, ethice, medice, philosophice et chymice proposita 
 et omnibus longaevitatis candidatis consecrata. Editio Secunda. 
 
 Osnabrugi, [the rest cut off by the binder], [1714?]. 
 
 4. Pp. [28] 187 [i]. 
 
UNIVER3I 'f 
 
 or ax 
 
 C6>//^ US EN COLLECTANEA 
 
 169 
 
 COHAUSEN (JOHANN HEINRICH). Continued, 
 
 Johann Heinrich Cohausen was born at Hildes- 
 heim in 1665, studied at Frankfurt a.d. O., graduated 
 1699, settled at Munster, and became the physician 
 of the bishop in 1717. He died at Miinster, 13 
 July, 1750. He wrote a good many works : two 
 against the use of snuff, one against tea, and 
 
 Adelung's Supplement to Jocher's Lexicon. 
 
 Nova Ac/a Eritditorum, Lips. 1745, Mense Jun. 
 P. ii. 373 (a review of Hermippus Redivivns). 
 
 Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1803, ii. pp. 
 160-164. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de V Anatomic el dela Chirurgie, 
 1770, v. p. 44. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. 129, 435, 
 696. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 138. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 39. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine, 
 1778, i. p. 678. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. 
 p. 260. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 345, 
 
 412, 73- 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1813, ix. p. 515. 
 
 COLE (ABDIAH). 
 
 See SENNERT (DANIEL), 1660. 
 
 Cole (1610 7-1670 ?) was a translator and editor of 
 a number of medical works. For what little is on 
 
 others. He was a learned man, and a rather 
 satirical writer. 
 
 There were several Cohausens, and Haller warns 
 his reader against confounding them. He himself, 
 however, is a little bit vague and seems to mix 
 them. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors) 
 244 /. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 296. 
 
 Retrospective Review, London, 1823, vii. pp. 64- 
 87. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1828, 
 xviii. p. 217. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medi- 
 cine (1831), I. ii. pp. 843-44. 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1844, viii. p. 533. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 120. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Generale, 1856, xi. col. 67. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1876, iv. p. 394. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Midi- 
 cales, 1876, xviii. p. 698. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 248; 2nd 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 724. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 48. 
 
 record about him see the Dictionary of National 
 Biography, 1887, xi. p. 263. 
 
 COLLECTANEA Chymica : A Collection of Ten Several Treatises in Chymistry, 
 concerning the Liquor Alkahest, the Mercury of Philosophers, and other 
 Curiosities worthy the Perusal. Written by Eir. Philaletha, Anonymus, Joh. 
 Bapt. Van-Helmont, Dr. Fr. Antonie, Bernhard Earl of Trevisan, Sir Geo. 
 Ripley, Rog. Bacon. Geo. Starkey, Sir Hugh Platt, and the Tomb of 
 Semiramis, see more in the Contents. London, Printed for William 
 Cooper, at the Pelican in Little Britain, 1684. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] 193 [4, i blank] ; 32. 
 
 The tracts in this collection are as follows : 
 
 1. Eirenseus Philaletha, Arcanum, or secret of 
 the immortall Liquor Alkahest, p. 5. 
 
 2. Anonymus, Practice of Lights, p. 27. 
 
 3. Joh. Bapt. Van Helmont, Prcccipiulum, p. 47. 
 
 4. Fr. Antonie, Aurum Potabile, p. 73. 
 
 5. Bernhard of Trevisan, Treatise, p. 83. 
 
 6. George Ripley, Bosome-book, p. 101. 
 
 7. Roger Bacon, Speculum Alchymite, p. 125. 
 
 8. George Starkey, Oil ofSu/fhur-vive, p. 137. 
 
 9. Hugh Plaits, Remedies against Famine, p. 153. 
 10. H. V. D. , Tumba Scmiramidis. 
 
 Notwithstanding the Latin titles the tracts are all 
 in English, except the first, which is in both 
 languages. Each tract has a title-page. 
 
 In 1893, at London, appeared a volume entitled 
 Collectanea Chymica; being certain select Treatises 
 on Alchemy and Hermetic Medicine. The pre- 
 fatory note states that the tracts were printed from 
 a MS. belonging to the late Frederick Hockley, 
 itself a transcript from an older work. No date is 
 given for the MS. , so that it is not possible to say 
 whether or not it was taken from the present work. 
 The 1893 edition contains the tract on the ' Alka- 
 hest,' Antonie's 'Aurum Potabile,' Starkey's 'Oil 
 of Sulphur-Vive, 1 Ripley's 'Bosom book,' all as in 
 the above ; the others are omitted, but it has a 
 tract ' On the stone of the philosophers,' and one 
 on the ' Preparation of the Sophick Mercury,' 
 which are not in the older edition. 
 
 COLLECTANEA Chymica Leidensia Maetsiana & Marcgraviana. 
 See LE MORT (JACOB), Chymiie Verae Nobilitas & Utilitas, 1698. 
 
 COLLECTANEA quaedam ex Antiquis Scriptoribus. 
 
 See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600, p. 152. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 768. 
 
 See MANGET (J. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 358. 
 
COLLECT A NEA - COLLECTION 
 
 COLLECTANEA ex Democrito. 
 
 See DEMOCRITUS. 
 
 COLLECTI Processus de Lapide Philosophorum prseparando, aliisque secretis 
 non vulgaribus. Oder von der Zubereitung des Steins der Weifsen, und 
 andern raren Kunststiicken und Geheimnifsen. Nebst einem Curiosen 
 Wein-Biichlein. Jense, Apud Job. Bielckium, Bibliop. Litteris Krebsianis. 
 MDCCIV. 
 
 8. Pp. 274 [13, i blank]. 3 small woodcuts of apparatus. 
 
 COLLECTION (A) of Scarce and Valuable Treatises upon Metals, Mines, and 
 Minerals. Containing, 
 
 I. Curious Observations on Mines and IV. The Common Way of Refining 
 
 the several Minerals produced; 
 with plain Directions and Rules 
 for finding them in all Countries. 
 
 II. The Art of Melting, Refining and 
 
 Assaying all Sorts of Metals, 
 whereby any Person at a small 
 Charge may try the Value of such 
 Oars as shall be found, either by 
 Rule or Accident. With Instruc- 
 tions for Sorting of Oar. 
 
 III. Real Experiments, to try whether 
 any Piece offer'd for Gold be true 
 or counterfeit, what Colour any 
 Berry, Leaf, Flower, Stalk, Root 
 Fruit, Seed, Bark or Wood will 
 give. With an infallible Method 
 of preparing Colours, which shall 
 neither stain nor fade like Ordinary 
 
 Silver by Quicksilver. With some 
 new Rules added for the better 
 Performance. 
 
 V. An Invaluable Discovery of all 
 
 Sorts of Mines from Gold to Coal. 
 Also, The Compleat Miner, with 
 the Liberties, Laws and Customs 
 of the Lead Mines within the 
 Wapentakeof Wirks worth in Derby- 
 shire, in Fifty Nine Articles, being 
 all that were ever made. 
 
 VI. The Art of Dyalling, or Levelling 
 Grooves, greatly desired by all 
 Miners : Being a Subject never 
 wrote on before, with an Explana- 
 tion of the Miners Terms of 
 Art, and several other curious 
 Particulars. 
 
 Colours. 
 
 Being, A Translation from the Learned Albaro Alonso Barba, Director of 
 the Mines at Potosi, in the Spanish West Indies, and the Observations of 
 several Ingenuous Persons of our own Country, founded on many Years 
 Experience. The Second Edition. London : Printed for J. Hodges, at 
 the Looking-Glass on London-Bridge. 1740. Price bd. 33. 
 
 Engraved frontispiece of apparatus for 
 
 12. Pp. [16] 319 [page of advertisements], 
 distilling mercury. 
 
 The present edition contains : Barba, Art of 
 Metals, Book I., pp. 1-122, Book II., pp. 123-194; 
 Gabriel Plattes' Discovery of all sorts of Alines, 
 pp. 194-241 ; and Thomas Houghton's Kara Avis 
 in Terris : or the Compleat Miner, with a separate 
 title-page, pp. 243-319. The others run on con- 
 tinuously. 
 
 Houghton's Compleat Miner at London, in 1681, in 
 16. 
 
 The first edition of the present collection was 
 printed by Oliver Payne at London in 1738, in 12, 
 under the title : A Discovery of Subterranean 
 Treasure ; viz. Of all Manner of Mines and 
 Minerals, from the Gold to the Coal . . . the -whole 
 
 The English translation of Barba's Art of Metals founded on the Experience of Mr. Gabriel Plattes. 
 
 was made by the Earl of Sandwich, and editions 
 nppeared at London in 1670, 1674, small 8. (see 
 BARBA (A. A.). Plattes' Discovery was published 
 as a thin small 4 tract in 1639 and 1679, and 
 
 This is not correct, however, for it contains the 
 treatises of Barba and Houghton as well as that of 
 Plattes. It was reissued in 1739, 12, and then 
 came this second edition in 1740. 
 
COLLESSON COLS&N i?i 
 
 COLLESSON (JEAN). 
 
 L'Idee Parfaicte de la Philosophie Hermetique. Ou 1'Abrege de la Theorie 
 & Practique de la Pierre des Philosophes. Seconde Edition. Augmentee 
 d'Obseruations pour 1'Intelligence des Principes & Fondements de la Nature, 
 & de la Philosophie Hermetique. Avec vne Meditation sur les Mysteres 
 de la Sapience Diuine & Humaine. Par M. I. Collesson Doyen de Maigne. 
 A Paris, Chez Herue du Mesnil, rue S. lacques, a la Samaritaine. 
 M.DC.XXXI. Avec Privilece (sic) du Roy. 
 
 8. Pp. 55 [3]. The second tract has a separate title-page, signatures, and 
 pagination [10, 2 blank] 79 [i]. 
 
 First edition, Paris, 1630, 8. Third edition, by some verses, pp. 20. Ladrague quotes a reprint 
 Paris, 1719, 8. Appended to the third edition is of the second edition made in Russia, 1788, 8, 
 a short tract entitled ' Songe de 1'auteur,' followed pp. 70, without the name of the place or printer. 
 
 Idea perfecta Philosophise Hermeticae, seu Abbreviatio Theoriae & Praxeos 
 Lapidis Philosophici observationibus . . . aucta. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 140. 
 
 Collesson calls himself a native of Saint-Dizier, he knew it, because persons of distinction refused to 
 and Lenglet Dufresnoy says that he offered to teach become his pupils. Nothing seems to be known 
 the secret, but apparently it was not believed that about him. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 64 ; 1656, Gmelin, Geschichte der Cheinie, 1797, i. p. 507. 
 
 p. 61. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemle, 1832, p. 385. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Ladrague, Bibllotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. 137. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1132-34. 
 
 COLLOQUIA Chymica. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chimica, 1606, p. 383. 
 
 COLLOQUIUM nuncupatorium, interloquentes Bonus et Lacinius. 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita Novella, 1546, *iiij verso. 
 See LACINIUS (JANUS), Pretiosa Margarita, 1714, p. 5 (in German). 
 
 COLLOQUIUM oder Gesprech zwischen einem alten vnd jungen Studenten 
 [Senior & Adolphus]. 
 
 See OCCULTA PHILOSOPHIA, 1613, p. I. 
 
 COLONNE (FRANCIS-MARIE PoMpfe). 
 
 See LE CROM. 
 COLOURS to be observed in the Operation of the Great Work of Philosophers. 
 
 See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o, p. 93. 
 
 COLSON (LANCELOT). 
 
 Philosophia Maturata : an Exact Piece of Philosophy, containing the Practick 
 and Operative part thereof in gaining the Philosophers Stone; with the 
 wayes how to make the Mineral Stone, and the Calcination of Mettals. 
 Whereunto is added, a Work compiled by St. Dunstan, concerning the 
 Philosophers Stone, and the experiments of Rumelius and Preparations of 
 Angelo Sala, all most famous Chymists in their time. Published by Lancelot 
 Colson, Dr. in Phys. and Chym. London, Printed for G. Sawbridge, and 
 are to be sold at his house upon Clerken-well-Green, 1668. 
 
 24. Pp. [10] 142. 
 
172 
 
 COLSON COM 6 A Cff 
 
 COLSON (LANCELOT). Continued. 
 
 Philosophia Maturata, oder ein ausfuhrlicher Philosophischer Tractat, welcher 
 in sich begreiffet die rechte Praxin, und den wirckenden Theil der Philosophic, 
 zu Erlangung des Steins der Weisen. Nebenst den Wegen den Mineralischen 
 Stein und die Calcination der Metallen zu verfertigen. Welchen beygefiiget 
 ist ein Werck des St. Dunstan, von dem Stein der Weisen, sampt den 
 curieusen Experimenten des Rhumelii, und Bereitungen des Angeli Salae, 
 beyde sehr beriihmte Chymici zu ihrer Zeit In Englischer Sprache an den 
 Tag gegeben durch Lancelot Colson, der Artzney Doctor und Chymicus. 
 Und nun den Liebhaber der Chymie zu gefallen ins Hochteutsche iibersetzet, 
 durch J. L. M. C. Hamburg, Verlegts Gottfried Liebernickel, Buchh. im 
 Dohm, 1696. 
 
 8. Pp. 92 [4 blank]. J. L. is Johann Lange. 
 
 There is a preface containing a very brief but so 
 far correct notice of St. Dunstan "the author." 
 The first tract purports to describe the preparation 
 of the two tinctures for silver and gold, but the 
 processes are rendered as little intelligible as 
 possible by the names employed to denote the 
 materials, the operations and the results. It looks 
 however as if there was after all little more than 
 the preparation of sulphuric and perhaps nitric 
 acids and their action upon various substances. 
 
 The second tract (p. 82) is entitled, 'Dunstan of 
 the stone of the philosophers with the experiments 
 of Rumelius of New-Market,' and the last (p. 93), 
 'Some principal! preparations of Angelo Sala.' 
 
 The preparations of Sala are for medical use, and 
 consist of extracts, tinctures, balsams and distilled 
 waters from various plants. They have nothing to 
 do with the preceding part. 
 
 Colson, the editor, was an astrologer at the sign 
 of the Royal Oak on Great Tower Hill, and pub- 
 lished a series of Almanacs, 1660 to 1676. 
 
 Dunstan, the reputed author (924-988), after 
 living at Glastonbury became Bishop of Worcester 
 and of London, and finally Archbishop of Canter- 
 bury. As he was famous for his love of handicrafts, 
 
 Bale, Illustrium Maioris Britannia Scriptorum 
 . . . summariiim, 1548, f. 68 (not a flattering 
 notice of St. Dunstan). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 44 
 (the German translation). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der C/iemie, 1798, ii. p. 319 
 (the German translation). 
 
 and skill as a smith and worker in metals, it was 
 natural for him to be claimed as an alchemist. 
 Stubbs apparently does not think that the book 
 ascribed to him as his work, which appeared 
 at Cassel in 1649, under the title 'Tractatus . . . 
 de lapide philosophorum,' is genuine. I have not 
 seen this work and do not know if it is the 
 original of Colson's translation. 
 
 For my own part I am doubtful about Alchemy 
 being cultivated in England in St. Dunstan's time, 
 and, if it were, whether the language employed 
 resembled what is used in Colson's tract. The 
 pursuit of the philosopher's stone had hardly as yet 
 begun in Europe. The mention of Alphidius in 
 the text is suspicious. Though the exact date of 
 that person is unknown he is generally placed in 
 the twelfth century. His name and the quotation 
 from him may of course have been inserted subse- 
 quently, but of that there is no evidence. 
 
 Still the belief that St. Dunstan had had to do 
 with alchemy was older than 1649, for Dr. Dee in 
 his Diary in the year 1587 makes mention of his 
 book, and his companion, Edward Kelley, is 
 credited with founding his practice upon it. 
 
 Lives of the Adepts in Alchymistical Philosophy, 
 1815, p. 72 and p. 299. 
 
 Dr. Dee's Diary, Camden Society, 1842, p. 25. 
 
 Stubbs, Memorials of St. Dunstan (Rolls Series, 
 No. 63), 1874, Introduction, p. cix. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1887, xi. 
 p. 406, and 1888, xvi. pp. 221-230. 
 
 COMBACH (LUDWIG). 
 
 See NUYSEMENT (JACQUES DE), Tractatus de vero Sale. 
 See FERRARIUS, Chymische Abhandlung. 
 
 Ludwig Combach was the son of Johann Com- 
 bach, an architect, and brother of Johann Combach, 
 professor of Theology at Marburg. He was born 
 at Wetter, 5 May, 1590, and after school went to 
 Marburg. He acted as tutor to the young Baron 
 v. Biihren. He studied Medicine, and along with 
 the son of Hermann Wolff, Hesse " Leibmedicus," 
 visited Paris, Montpellier. Geneva, Italy, and 
 graduated at Padua. On his return to Hesse in 
 1620 he succeeded H. Wolff as ' Liebmedicus,' and 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 64. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelchrten 
 und Schriftsteller Geschichte, Gbttingen, 1782, ii, 
 pp. 262-265. 
 
 was held in great esteem by Count Moriz and still 
 more by Wilhelm V. and Wilhelm VI. He died 
 5 May, 1657, just 67 years old. He edited the 
 works of George Ripley, Cassell, 1649, 8; the 
 present tractate of Nuysernent, Cassell, 1651, 8; 
 Leyden, 1671, 12; the 'Practica Medica ' of Ort. 
 Maroldus, 1650, 4; and wrote ' Threnodia in 
 obitum Mauritii Hass. L. heroico Carmine Scripta,' 
 1632. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium. der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 146. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 337. 
 
COMITIBUS i?3 
 
 COMITIBUS (LUDOVICUS DE). 
 
 Clara Fidelisq. Admonitoria Disceptatio Practicae Manualis experimento veraciter 
 comprobata. De duobus Artis, & Naturae miraculis : hoc est de liquore 
 Alchaest; necnon Lapide Philosophico, atque amborum materia operandi 
 ratione, Difficultate, Viribus, ac inter se Conuenientia, & Discrimine. De 
 Salis quoque Tartari Volatili, &c. In gratiam Hermeticae Artis Studiosorum 
 conscripta. Auctore Ludovico De Comitibus Macer. Phil. & Med. D. Ope 
 Viri peritissimi Ord. trium Magorum Equitis in Viridi Cruce Symbolica. 
 Ad Serenissimam, & Imperialem Celsitudinem Leopoldi Guilielmi Archiducis 
 Austrian, &c. Venetiis, M.DC.LXI. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 46 [3, i blank]. Woodcut border to the title-page ; full page 
 woodcut, " Symbolum Adeptorum." 
 
 Colophon : Venetiis, Per Franciscum Nicolinum, 1661. Superiorum permissu. 
 
 Clara Fidelisque Admonitoria Disceptatio Practicae Manualis experimento veraciter 
 comprobata. De duobus Artis, & Naturae miraculis : hoc est de Liquore 
 Alchaest; nee non Lapide Philosophico, atque amborum materia, operandi 
 ratione, Difficultate, Viribus, ac inter se Convenientia, & Discrimine, De 
 Sale quoque Tartari Volatili, &c. In gratiam Hermeticae Artis Studiosorum 
 conscripta. Auctore Ludovico De Comitibus Macer. Phil. & Med. D. Ope 
 Viri peritissimi Ord. trium Magorum Equitis in Viridi Cruce Symbolica. 
 Francofurti, Apud Hermannum a Sande. M.DC.LXIV. 
 12. Pp. [18] 116. Engraved title and symbolic frontispiece not included in the pagination. 
 
 Metallorum ac Metallicorum Naturae Operum ex Orthophysicis fundamentis 
 recens Elucidatio qua eorum omnium Principia, Causae, Proprietates, Genera- 
 tiones ; Generationilmque modi aperte ac fideliter enucleantur. Indeque 
 Artis Chemicae, Theoricae, ac Practicae veritas & ordo revelatur. Methodo 
 breviori, clariori, diligentiori ac firmiori, quam ab alio quocunque, seu ex 
 veteribus seu ex Recentioribus hucusque scriptore praestitum fuerit. Opus 
 sane cunctis veritatis Sectatoribus non minus utile quam gratum. Auctore 
 Ludovico de Comitibus Maceratensi, Philosophiae ac Medicinae Doctore, 
 Coloniae Agrippinae, Apud Joannem Busaeum Bibliopolam sub Monocerote. 
 Anno 1665. 
 
 8. Pp. 286 [2 blank]. Title red and black. Printer's device of a unicorn. 
 Added to this treatise is a short tract : ' Appendix simbolicae Crucis aliqualem 
 illustrationem exhibens,' with the symbolic woodcut of a cross, p. 265, which also 
 occurs in the preceding works. 
 
 Tractatus de Liquore Alcahest, & Lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 Metallorum ac Metallicorum Naturae Operum ex Orthophysicis Fundamentis 
 
 recens Elucidatio. 
 
 Appendix Symbolicae Crucis aliqualem illustrationem exhibens. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. pp. 764, 781, 840. 
 
 Luigi de' Conti, or de Comitibus, was a an adept. Latterly he became blind. Of the 
 
 native of Macerata. Borrichius speaks highly of Disceptatio there was a French version by Robert 
 
 him from personal intercourse, but doubts his being Prudhomme, Paris, 1669, 1678, 12. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptarum Chemicorum, Beytrag sterGescA. der hohemCAemie, 1785^.620. 
 1697, p. 46. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 21. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 45. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratvr, 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1806-08, pp. 159, 162. 
 Hermttique, 1742, ii). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 433. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, L,&Ar&gae,Bil>liotheqneOifvarof, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 i. col. 2037. 1870, No. 1220. 
 
I 7 4 COMMENTARIACON- 
 
 COMMENTARIA iiber Gebers Werke, 
 See GEBER, 1792. 
 
 COMMENTARIOLUM in quoddam Epitaphium Bononise Studiorum, . . . 
 lapidi insculptum. 
 See BARNAUD (NICOLAS). 
 
 COMMENTARIUS iiber den Bernhardum. 
 
 See BECHER (JOHANN JOACHIM), Chymischer Gliicks-Hafen, 1726, p. i. 
 
 COMMENTATIO de Pharmaco Catholico. 
 
 See RECONDITORIUM ac Reclusorium opulentiae sapientiaeque numinis mundi 
 magni, 1666. 
 
 COMPENDIUM utile ad credendum meditationum experimentum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 659. 
 
 COMPOSITION des gebenedeyten Steins. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. i. 
 
 COMPOSITUM de Compositis. 
 
 See ALBERTUS MAGNUS. 
 
 CONCORDANTIA Philosophorum. 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). 
 
 CONCORDANZ. 
 
 See KONIGLICHE HERMETISCHE Special-Concordanz, 1723. 
 
 CONCORDANZA de Filosofi. 
 
 See NAZARI (GIO. BATTISTA), Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, 
 pp. 169-231. 
 
 CONCURSUS Philosophorum. 
 
 See MEDICES (CHRISTIAN DE), 1706. 
 
 CONDEESYANUS (HERMANNUS). 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 CON- ET DISSENSUS Chymicorum de famigeratissimo Rustici Minoris 
 Particulari oder ungleiche Meynungen von des Kleinen Bawers Particular, 
 bestehende und vorgestellet in Funfzehen davon handelnden Processen. 
 Woraus der Kunstliebende Leser den Con- & Dissensum derer Autorum 
 derselben vernehmen wird nebst noch zweyen andern sehr curieusen 
 Particularien de Exaltatione Solis Ejusque Animae Extractione in iiber 
 30. der besten Processen bestehende. Mit grofsem Fleifs aus vielen Manu- 
 scriptis zusammen getragen und den Liebhabern der Kunst zu Dienst auf 
 Ersuchung, zum offentlichen Druck befordert denen curiositatis gratia des 
 Jacobi Tollii Coelum Chemicum noch beygefuget worden. Durch Einen 
 Freund der edlen Chymie und Metallurgie am grunen Hartze. Leipzig, 
 bey Johann Herbord Klofsen, 1715. 
 
 8. Pp. [io]7o; Brevis Tractatio, pp. [8] 76. Tollitis' tract is wanting, but for 
 a separate copy see under Tollius, 
 
CON- ET DISSENSUS -CONRING 
 
 175 
 
 CON- ET DISSENSUS. Continued. 
 
 The second tract has a separate title-page as follows : 
 
 Brevis Tractatio de antiquissimo atque certissimo illo Particular! quod per 
 Exaltationem seu Gradationem Solis S. Auri parari solet. Oder kurtze, iedoch 
 ausfiihrliche und richtige, Handlung von dem uhralten und bewiihrtesten Particular 
 welches durch Erhoh- und Vermehrung des Goldes-Farbe verrichtet zu werden 
 pfleget. Bestehende in einer zwart kurtzen, doch deutlichen Beschreibung, was die 
 Exaltatio s. Gradatio solis und derselben Nutzen sey, auch wie dieselbe verrichtet 
 werden solle, welches letztere in 30. davon handelnden auserlesenen theils selbst 
 probirten Processen accurat gelehret und gezeiget wird. Denen iiberdiefs noch, 
 zum Dienst der Kunstliebenden, em ander schon und bewahrtes Particulare de 
 Extractione Animoe Solis beygefiiget ist, Woraus dieselbe, wenn sie darzu nothige 
 operationes und Hand-Arbeit recht verslehen und gebrauchen, ohnfehlbar Gold- 
 machen lernen konnen werden. Auf freundlich ersuchen guter Freunde also verfasset 
 und zum Druck befordert. Durch Einen Freund der edlen Chymie und Metallurgie 
 am grtinen Hartze. Leipzig, bey Johann Herbord Klofsen, 1715. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 76. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1436-37. 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 See also BREVIS TRACTATIO. 
 
 CONGERIES Paracelsicse Chemise de Transmutationibus Metallorum. 
 See DORN (GERHARD). 
 
 CONRAD. 
 
 See KHUNRATH. 
 
 CONRING (HERMANN). 
 
 De Morborum remediis Magicis & Unguento Armario. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 662, p. 613. 
 
 Conring was born at Norden in East Friesland, 
 9 Nov., 1606. When he was five years old he was 
 attacked by the plague, but he recovered after a 
 long illness. In his earliest years he showed great 
 capacity for learning, and in 1620 he studied at 
 Helmstadt for three years. He went home for a 
 short time, and in 1625 proceeded to Leyden, 
 devoted himself to Theology and Medicine and 
 took the first degrees in 1627. He went back to 
 Helmstadt, was appointed to the Chair of Natural 
 Philosophy in 1632, and in 1636 received the 
 degree of doctor in philosophy and in medicine. 
 He was next transferred to the Chair of Medicine, 
 practised with success and was made private 
 physician and councillor of the princess regent of 
 Friesland in 1749. Christina of Sweden tried to 
 induce him to remove to that country, but after 
 some consideration he refused to leave Helmstadt, 
 and in consequence of this resolution the Duke of 
 Brunswick conferred on him the chair of law. 
 He therefore studied jurisprudence and his learning 
 and judgment were in much request in the settle- 
 ment of many important disputes. 
 
 He died la Dec., 1681, with the reputation of 
 being the most learned man of his time in Germany. 
 He was a prolific writer, and he produced a multi- 
 tude of dissertations and books on all sorts of 
 subjects including one or two on chemistry, and 
 
 Froeling, Lei-chenpredigt, Helmstadt, 1681. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 407. 
 
 Conring, In Universam artem medicam . . . 
 Introductio^ 1687 ; Schelhammer's Addit., p. 116 
 (controversy with Borrichius about Hermetic 
 chemistry). 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Ssss, 
 3 recto, Anno 1682, Jan. 12. 
 
 many on medicine, philosophy, natural science, 
 history, law, poetry, antiquities. 
 
 The book which specially concerns the student 
 of the history of Chemistry is entitled : De Her- 
 metica sEgyptiorum vetere & nova Paracelsicorum 
 Medicina, Helmstadii, 1648, 4 ; revised and en- 
 larged, 1669, 4. As was to be expected from an 
 Aristotelian and a Galenist, he was opposed to the 
 Paracelsists, and refused to acknowledge the 
 existence of an Egyptian Hermes or of Egyptian 
 medicine or chemistry. He was in turn criticized 
 by Borrichius, who believed in the antiquity of 
 chemistry on the ground of the Greek manuscripts. 
 
 The state of this question at the present time can 
 be judged of by a consideration of the Leyden 
 Papyrus, the Ebers Papyrus, Kopp's Beytrdge and 
 the historical writings of Berthelot. It is another 
 illustration of the ' vanity of dogmatizing.' 
 
 Another work of Conring's of much value for the 
 study of medicine and the connected sciences 
 during his time, which is repeatedly quoted in the 
 notes of the present work is his In universam 
 artem medicam . . . Introductio, Helmstadii, 1654, 
 4, enlarged by his son-in-law Schelhammer, and 
 published at Helmstadt, 1687, 4. 
 
 His collected works were published at Brunswick, 
 1731, 6 vols. fol., with a life by Schmidt. 
 
 Reimmann, Versuch einer Einleitung in die 
 Historiam litterariam derer Teutschen, 1709, ii. p. 
 95 ; 1710, v. p. 246, etc. ; 1713, vi. 120, etc. , etc. 
 (There are numerous references to Conring in his 
 various capacities). 
 
 Heumann, Poecile, 1726, II. lib. i. p. 23. 
 
 Stolle, AnleitungzurHistorie der Gelahrheit ,1727, 
 p. 727, etc.; 1736, p. 763, etc., etc.; Zusatze, p. 248. 
 
I 7 6 
 
 CONRINGCONTARENI 
 
 CON RING (HERMANN). Continued, 
 
 Buddeus, Isagoge historico-theologica, 1730, i. 
 p. 240 (controversy with Borrichius). 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. in. 
 
 Stolle. Anleitung ziir Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 288, 289, etc., etc., etc. 
 (numerous references). 
 
 Niceron, Mfmoires, 1732, xix. pp. 249-286 (list 
 of 201 writings). 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1733, vi. col. 1016. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 214. 
 
 Jacob Brucker, Ehrentempel der Deutschen 
 Gelehrsamkeit, 1747, p. 159, with two portraits. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 2059 (list of writings). 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 
 1755, i. p. 255 (a mere note) ; 1778, i. p. 697. 
 
 Brucker, Historic. Critica Philosophies, 1766, iv. 
 
 P- 324- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1771, i. p. 484. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 359. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 347. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 623-626 (list of his writings). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 24. 
 
 Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 549- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 256, 
 674. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors). 
 253 A. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 313 (list of writings). 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 PP- 77. 361, 553- 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la 
 MMecine, 1831, I. ii. p. 858. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ' 
 p. 409. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, p. 485. 
 
 K. F. H. Marx, ' Zur Erinnerung der arztlichen 
 Wirksamkeit Hermann Conring's," Abhandhm- 
 genderGesellschaftder Wissenschaften zu Gottingen, 
 1873, xviii. pp. 4-51. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1876, iv. p. 446. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences M/di- 
 cales, 1876, xix. p. 650. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1881, ii. 
 pp. 114, 270, 386. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 366; 2nd 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 853. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- 
 den Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 67. 
 
 CONSIDERATIO oder Philosophische Betrachtung von der materia Lapidis, 
 und seiner Bereitung. 
 
 See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumph Wagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 512. 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 864. 
 
 CONSILIUM conjugii seu de Massa Solis et Lunse, libri tres. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 429. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 235. 
 See STUDIUM Consilii Conjugii. 
 
 According to Schmieder the anonymous author 
 was possibly an Arabian alchemist, who flourished 
 in the thirteenth century. He, however, brings no 
 proof in support of this statement and Schmieder's 
 dicta are to be accepted with caution. Maier 
 styles him 'verus artifex.' 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic , 1832, p. 106. 
 \jzAtz%\!&,BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1247. 
 
 The tract was first published at Strasburg in 
 1567, 8, and afterwards at Frankfurt in 1605, 4. 
 
 It is greatly praised by Borrichius, who says that 
 parts i. and iii. are excellent, but if the reader does 
 not understand part ii. he must be stupid or else 
 fate stands in the way of his succeeding. 
 
 Maier, Symbola A urea Men see, 1617, p. 389. 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum CJiemicorum, 
 1697, p. 25, Cap. xxxv. 
 
 CONSTANTIA (LEONA). 
 See LEADE (JANE). 
 
 CONSUMMATA Sapientia. 
 
 See SCHAUBERDT (jOHANN), 1 68 1. 
 
 CONTARENI (GASPARO). 
 
 Gasparis Contareni Cardinalis. ampliss. philosophi sua setate prsestantissimi 
 de Elementis & eorum mixtionibus libri quinque, cum indice copiosiss. nunc 
 primum in lucem sediti. 
 
 Scipionis Capitij de principijs rerum poema. 
 
 Non satis una tenet \Devicc\ ceratas anchora puppis. 
 
CONTAREttlCORD US 
 
 177 
 
 CONTARENI (GASPARO). Continued. 
 
 In geminam anchoram. 
 
 Fundabat satis Aonias una anchora puppes, 
 Dum tantum Ausoniis musa nataret aquis. 
 Nunc quum Palladiae sulcunt maria omnia naues, 
 
 Visa (j una parum est anchora, facta duplex. 
 
 Lutetise Parisiorum per Nicolaum Divitem, uia sacerdotum, ad diuse 
 Genouefes, sub insigni geminae anchorse. Cum Privilegio Regis. 1548. 
 
 8 
 
 Ff. [8] [1-8] 9-119 [i blank]. MS. notes. The device is two crossed anchors. 
 
 them, De Potestate Pontificis, quod divinitus est 
 tradita, which is said to have been written in one 
 night, he was attacked by Cyriacus Spangenberg 
 in his book Wider die hose Sieben, ins Teufels 
 Karnoffelspiel, Eisleben, 1562, 4 ; though he com- 
 mends the book on the Magistracy and Govern- 
 ment of Venice, Paris, 1543, 8. Borel calls him 
 " Alchimiae scriptor," but that is not correct. 
 
 He was the uncle (?) of Luigi Contareni, author of 
 // vago e dilettevole Giardino, a collection of notes 
 and data on a variety of topics. 
 
 Contareni's life was written by Giovanni de la 
 Casa, "diffusely and without dates." 
 
 A New Ecclesiastical History of the Sixteenth 
 Century, London, 1703, p. 429. 
 
 Nicol. Comnenus Papadopolus, Historic Gym- 
 nasii Patavini, Venetiis, 1726, ii. p. 47, No. Ixxxiv. 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires, Paris, 1733, xxii. pp. 331-342. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 2072. 
 
 Freytag, Adparatus litterarius, 1755, iii. p. 239. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 
 Firenze, 1809, VII. i. p. 296. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors), 
 
 253 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1852, ix. p. in. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gintrale, 1856, xi. col. 646. 
 
 Ferguson, "Notes on ... Books of Secrets"; 
 Transactions of the Arch&ological Society of Glas- 
 gow, 1890. N.S. i. p. 422. 
 
 GasparoContarini,orContareni, orContarino, one 
 of the old family of that name, was born at Venice in 
 1483. He began the study of Latin and Philosophy 
 there and finished at Padua. Hewas deeplyskilled in 
 Latin, an eloquent and intelligent man ; and acted 
 as Venetian Ambassador to Charles V., a position 
 he occupied for five years. He was made a 
 Cardinal in 1535. In 1541 he was sent by Paul 
 III. as legate to the Diet of Ratisbon, and after- 
 wards to Bologna, where he died in 1542. He was 
 buried at Venice in the Church of Santa Maria 
 dell' Orto. His numerous works were collected 
 and published at Paris in 1591, fol. For one of 
 
 Sleidanus, De Statu religionis et reipublicae, 
 Carolo quinto, Caesare, Commentarii, 1555, f. 211 
 verso, &c. (biographical notes). 
 
 Paolo Giovio, Le Inscrittioni paste sotto le vere 
 Imagini de gli Huomini Famosi in Lettere, 
 Venetia, 1558, p. 210. 
 
 Paolo Giovio, Elogia Virorum literis illustrium, 
 Basil, 1577, p. 118, and portrait. 
 
 J. M. Toscanus, Peplus Italia, 1578, p. 56, No. 
 xcii. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 66 ; 1656, 
 p. 63. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum Eruditione Clar- 
 orum, NoribergEE, 1688, p. 30, and plate 2 for his 
 portrait. 
 
 Du Pin, Nouvelle Bibliotheque des Auteurs 
 ecclesiastiques, a Mons, 1703, T. xiv. p. 161 ; or in 
 
 CONTI ( LUIGI DE'). 
 
 See COMITIBUS (LUDOVICUS DE). 
 
 COOPER (WILLIAM). 
 See c. (w.). 
 
 COPUS (MARTINUS). 
 
 See CEPHALUS (ARIPONUS). 
 
 CORDUS (VALERIUS). 
 
 Pharmacorum omnium quse in usu potiss. sunt, componendorum ratio. Vulgo 
 vocant Dispensatorium sive Antidotarium. Ex optimis autoribus tam 
 recentibus quam veteribus collectum, ac scholiis utilibus illustratum, in 
 quibus inprimis simplicia diligenter explicantur. Autore Valeric Cordo. 
 Cum alijs pluribus ad hanc rem pertinentibus, quse sequenti pagina indicantur. 
 Opera et studio Collegii Medici inclytae Reipub. Norimbergensis jam primum 
 multo emendatius ac selectis compositionibus auctius in lucem editum. 
 Cum copioso duplici indice : & Privilegio Imperiali. Norimbergae, Apud 
 Christophorum Lochnerum, & Johannem Hofmannum. Anno M D XCII. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [8] 292 [7, i blank]. Printer's device on the title-page. 
 M 
 
17$ 
 
 CORD US CORN A C CHIN US 
 
 CORDUS (VALERIUS). Continued. 
 
 Valerius, son of Euricius Cordus, a physician 
 and botanist, was born 18 Feb., 1515, at Simmers- 
 hausen (or Simmeshausen, or Simmetshausen, 
 or Simsthausen), a village of Hesse, not at Erfurt. 
 He was educated* by his father, studied medicine 
 at various universities and became a devotee 
 of botany and Materia Medica, and ultimately 
 one of the greatest botanists of his time. He 
 travelled far and wide in Germany and other 
 countries to see the mines and collect plants, and 
 in 1542 went to Italy to learn the botany of that 
 country. He did not spare himself, the result of 
 which was that he died of fever at Rome 25 Sept. , 
 1544, in the 2gth year of his age. He is spoken of 
 
 Hieronymus Schreiber, Vita Valerii Cordi, 
 Argent, 1563, fol. 
 
 Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 !59i, PP- I5S. I 5 8 J 59. l66 . 176, 181, 186, 187. 
 
 Adami, Vita Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, 
 
 P- 42- 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis Libri duo, 
 1637, p. 459. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 1034. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 264, 375. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, ii. p. 1228, and pi. 54. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 765. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 47. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 116. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 627-630, 772, 773. 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires, 1737, xxxvii. p. 375. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 219. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon , 1750, i. 
 col. 2096. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1755, i. p. 259 ; 1778, i. p. 705. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 281. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 P- IS- 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 104. 
 
 in the highest terms by Conring, Haller, and others 
 for the amount and quality of the work he did, and 
 with regret that his life full of promise was so 
 brief. 
 
 Besides the present work which was first pub- 
 lished at Niirnberg in 1535, was the first work of 
 its kind on Pharmacy,^ and went through several 
 editions ; he wrote also Annotations on Dioscorides, 
 Sylva rerum fossilium, historia stirpium, and 
 others, collected and published at Strasburg in 
 1561; on Spermaceti, printed along with Gesner's 
 book on minerals, Zurich, 1555, 8, and an Epistle 
 de trochiscorum viperinorum adulteratione, Francf. , 
 1598. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrtcn 
 und Schriftsteller Geschichte, Gottingen, ii. 1782, 
 p. 288. [Strieder gives a long account of his father 
 Henricus Urban, called Euricius (i.e. ei) [Henjricus 
 Cordus, the late, or the last, because he was the 
 youngest of thirteen children.)] 
 
 Stoever, Life of Sir C. Linnceus, 1794, p. 55. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 325. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1 806-8, p. 47. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors), 
 p. 2580. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 327. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdi- 
 cine, 1831, I. ii. p. 864. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 10, 
 113; 1847, iv. pp. 299, 300, 304, 312. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothekcr, 
 1855, p. 416, etc. 
 
 Ernst H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 
 Konigsberg, 1857, iv. pp. 317-322. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1876, iv. p. 479. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Medi- 
 cales, 1877, xx. p. 433. 
 
 Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medicine, 
 1881, ii. p. 216. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 414 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 918. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikun der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 78. 
 
 CORNACCHINUS (MARCUS). 
 
 Methodus, qua omnes humani corporis affecfrones ab humoribus copia vel 
 qualitate peccantibus genitse, tuto, cito, et iucunde Chymice & Galenice 
 curantur. 
 See HARTMANN (jOHANN), Praxis Chymiatrica, 1647. 
 
 This tract, though appended to Hartmann's, has 
 a separate fly-title and pagination (with four fold- 
 ing tables). The author was the son of Thomas 
 Cornacchinus whose Tabulce medicce he, along 
 with his brother Horatius, published in 1605, a 
 pupil of Hieronymus Mercurialis of whom he 
 edited the Preelectiones pisance, Francof. , 1602, 
 fol., and professor of Medicine at Pisa. Borel 
 and Kestner say the Methodus was printed at 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis Libri duo, 
 1637, pp. 344 and 449. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chiimca, 1654, p. 66 ; 1656, 
 P- 63. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 778 
 and 1012. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 117. 
 
 Florence in 1619, 4, but as the dedication to 
 Robert Dudley, Earl of Warwick, is dated : Pisis, 
 Id. Aprilis, M.DC.XX. there seems to be some 
 discrepancy. Van der Linden & Mercklin quote an 
 edition of Florence, 1629, 4, but not one of 1619, 
 and say that it is appended to Mylius' Pharmacopeia 
 Spagyrica, Francf., 1628, 8. This is probably 
 ths edition referred to by Haller, who however 
 calls the author Marcus Antonius Cornacchinus, 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 219. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 2100. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice!;, 1772, ii. 
 p. 564. 
 
CORNELIUS COSMOPOLITE 179 
 
 CORNELIUS ALVETANUS ARNSRODIUS. 
 
 See ALVETANUS (CORNELIUS), ARNSRODIUS. 
 
 COROLLARIA. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 69. 
 
 CORRECTIO Fatuorum. 
 
 See ALCHIMIA (DE) OPUSCULA, 1550, ii. f. i. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER/E . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 349. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 475. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 165. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 578. 
 
 See RICHARDUS ANGLICUS. 
 The German title is " Die reformirte Alchymie oder Bestraffung der falschen Alchimisten." 
 
 Maier, Symbola A urece Men see, 1617, p. 458. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 63. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarq/, Sciences 
 1697, p. 23, gxxxi. Secretes, 1870, No. 1019. 
 
 CORTALASSEUS. 
 
 See GRASSHOF (JOHANN). 
 
 CORTESE (ISABELLA). 
 
 I secret! della Signora Isabella Cortese ; ne' quali si contengono cose Minerali, 
 Medecinali, Profumi, Belletti, Artifitij, Alchimia; con altre belle curiosita 
 aggiunte. di nuovo ristampati, e con somma diligenza corretti. In 
 Venetia, Presso Lucio Spineda. 1625. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 206 [2 blank]. Vignette. 
 
 Other editions mentioned are : Venice, 1561 (the Chyrurgia, Hamburg, 1592, 1596, 8, Frankfurt 
 
 first), 1565, 1584, 1642, 1677, 8. There is also a a. M., 1596, 8. 
 
 German translation : Verborgene heimliche Kiinste The authoress is called Cortesa, Cortese, Cortesi, 
 
 und Wunderwerke in der Alchymie, Medicin und but I have not met with any account of her. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 48. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie p. 535. 
 
 HertnMque, 1742, iii. p. 140. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 214. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 330. Ferguson, "Notes on ... Books of Secrets," 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 267. Transactions of the Archaeological Society of Glas- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practicce, 1777, ii. gow, 1883, ii. p. 258 ; 1890, N.S. i. p. 225 ; 1896, ii. 
 
 p. 138- P- 39- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 303. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 236. 
 
 CORVINUS (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Geschichte der kunstlichen Luft, zweiter Theil. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1782, ii. p. i. 
 See SPIELMANN (JACOB REINBOLD). 
 
 The dissertation on factitious air was first (?) riant aeris factitii, Argentor, 1776, 4, Pars ii., 
 published at Strasburg : Dissertatio sistens histo- 1777. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 317, 358, 369, 372. 
 
 COSMOPOLITA. 
 
 See PHILALETHES (^EYREN.fcUS). 
 
 COSMOPOLITA (ANASTASIUS PHILARETUS). 
 See NOLLIUS (HENRICUS). 
 
 COSMOPOLITE. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). 
 See KOSMOPOLIT. 
 
i So 
 
 COZZANDO-CRASSELLAME 
 
 COZZANDO (LEONARDO). 
 
 Leonard! Cozzandi Brixiani De Magisterio Antiquorum Philosophorum Libri vi 
 Illustrissimo ac Ornatissimo Hippolito Fenarolo Dicati. Genevse. Apud 
 Samuelem de Tournes. M.DC.LXXXIV. 
 
 12. Pp. [31, i blank] 421. [146, i blank]. Title red and black. 
 
 Coz/ando was born at Brescia, became a monk, 
 and devoted himself to history and to philosophy, 
 of which he was, for some time, professor. To 
 enable him to pursue his own studies he withdrew 
 into the country and finally went into the monas- 
 tery, where in 1694 in the 74th year of his age, he 
 was still writing books. He has left a number of 
 works on history and philosophy, in Italian and in 
 Latin, one of which is a short literary history of 
 Brescia. He had nothing to do with alchemy or 
 chemistry. This book contains an account of the 
 
 Bayle, Nouvelles de la Republique des lettres, 
 Juin, 1685, p. 637 (reviews the present work). 
 Acta Philosophorum, Halle, 1716, ii. p. 319. 
 
 ancient schools of Philosophy. It was analysed 
 and reviewed in the Acta Philosophorum in a 
 manner complimentary to the author. The 
 reviewer states what little he knows about him 
 and tells us that the book was first brought under 
 his notice by Stolle. From the fact that it is not 
 referred to by Morhof, Moller, and other writers 
 on philosophy, he infers that the book is rare and 
 little known. There is a copy in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung o/cr Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 
 1736, PP. 353, 373- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 2161. 
 
 CRAMER QOHANN ANDREAS). 
 
 Joann. Andr. Crameri Elementa Artis Docimasticse, duobus tomis comprehensa, 
 quorum prior Theoriam, posterior Praxin, ex vera Fossilium indole deductas, 
 atque indubitata Experimentorum, summa cum accuratione institutorum, fide 
 firmatas, ordine naturali & doctrina apertissima exhibet. Editio altera, 
 emendatior, ac turn in Theoria, turn in Praxi, ab Auctore ipso multis modis 
 aucta & locupletata. Pars Prima Theoretica. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud 
 Conradum Wishoff, et Georg. Jac. Wishoff, Fil. Conr. 1744. Cum Privilegio. 
 
 8. Pp. [14] 366. Index [28]. Pars Altera, Practica, pp. [18] 380. Index [10]. 
 6 folding plates of apparatus. 
 
 Anfangsgriinde der Probierkunst. 
 
 See GOTTLING (JOHANN FRIEDRICH AUGUST), 1794. 
 
 Cramer was born at Quedlinburg, 14 Dec., 1710. 
 He taught assaying at Leyden and London for some 
 years and was finally Councillor for mines and 
 metallurgy at Blankenburg, from 1743 to 1773. 
 He died of dropsy at Berggiesshubel, Dresden, 
 6 Dec., 1777. There is a favourable notice of him 
 in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, where he is 
 called the greatest assayer of his time, and Baumer 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 745. 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, i. p. 727. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 69. 
 Crell, Annalen der Chemie, 1786, ii. pp. 376-384. 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 56, &c. 
 
 a hundred years earlier said that he was justly 
 reckoned among the best writers on the subject. 
 He published his Docimasia at Leyden, 1736, and 
 Elementa Artis Docimasticce, Leyden, 1739, 2 vols. , 
 8. The English translation appeared at London, 
 1741 ; 2nd edition, 1764, 8. The German transla- 
 tion was made by C. E. Gellert and published at 
 Stockholm, 1746, 8, and Leipzig, 1766, 8. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1803, ii. p. 187. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 256, 413. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 44 ; 
 1847, iv. p. 157. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1876, iv. p. 549. 
 
 CRASSELLAME (MARC- ANTONIO). 
 
 Das aus der Finsternifs von sich selbst hervorbrechende Licht, in drey 
 Italienischen Gesangen nebst seiner Auslegung, worinnen das Geheimnifs 
 des Steins der Weisen, nach physicalischen und vernunftigen Griinden 
 deutlich vor Augen geleget wird. Aus dem Franzosischen ubersetzt von 
 C. F. K. M.D. et P.P. Langensalza, 1772. in Johann Christian Martini 
 Verlag. 
 
 8. Pp. [14] 250. 
 
CRASSELLAME CRAWFORD 181 
 
 CRASSELLAME (MARC-ANTONIO). Continued. 
 
 Das aus der Finsternifs von sich selbst hervorbrechende Licht. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 106. 
 
 Extracts only. 
 
 La Lumiere sortant par soi-meme des Tenebres, poeme sur la composition de 
 la Pierre des Philosophes, traduit de 1'Italien avec un Commentaire. 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1741, iii. 
 p. 322. 
 
 The original Italian poem is in three Canzoni of edition " reveue et augmented de CLIII. aphorismes 
 
 7, 8, and 10 stanzas respectively, and the title runs : chymiques," was published by d'Houry at Paris in 
 
 " A i veri Sapienti si discorre teoricamente sopra 1692, 12. I have not seen it. The translator 
 
 la compositione della pietra de Philosophi ; di says that he knows nothing about the author. 
 
 Fra Marc- Antonio Crassellame Chinese." I do The translation and commentary, but not the 
 
 not know if it was published separately, but it was Italian, were reprinted by Richebourg (q.v.). 
 
 printed face to face with the French translation. The treatise is referred to by Tollius with grate- 
 
 The commentator, describing his long continued ful thanks to the learned translator, and the author 
 
 labour in trying to understand the writings of the is called by him Frater Antonius Crasselamius. 
 
 philosophers, says that an anonymous MS. in The present German version is from the French, 
 
 Italian fell into his hands and, finding it skilfully but seemingly not from the edition of 1687. For 
 
 written, he translated it and added an exposition instead of giving the assigned author's name as it 
 
 so that its light should be diffused as widely as appears there, the German translator, C. F. K M 
 
 possible. Of the author he knew nothing except quotes it from Tollius and at the same time tran- 
 
 his anagram, so that the name appears to be a scribes it incorrectly as " Marcus Antoninus Cras- 
 
 made up one. The Commentary was apparently talamius." 
 
 written in Latin, but this version I have not seen. Both translations are included by Kopp among 
 
 It was translated into French, with the Italian alchemical books with ' light ' for their title, but he 
 
 poem included, and was published with the title : has not noticed that one is translated from the 
 
 La Lumiere sortant par soy meme des Tenebres other, and he makes no allusion either to the 
 
 ou veritable theorie de la Pierre des Philosophes Italian verses or the reputed author. 
 . . . Paris, L. d'Houry, 1687, 12. The second 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarof, Sciences 
 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 225. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1285-1287. 
 
 Tollius, Sapienti a insaniens oder tolle Weif shell, Kopp, Die Alckemie, 1886, ii. p. 385. 
 1753, P- 72. 
 
 CRASSEUS. 
 
 See GRASSHOFF (jOHANN). 
 
 GRATA REPOA. Oder Einweihungen in der alten geheimen Gesellschaft der 
 Egyptischen Priester. 1785. 
 
 Without place and printer's name. 
 Small square 8. Pp. 32. 
 
 This little pamphlet has nothing to do with degrees, taken from what is said about it by the 
 alchemy or chemistry, but professes to give an out- ancients, 
 line of the ceremony of initiation into the various 
 
 CRAWFORD (ADAIR). 
 
 Experiments and Observations on Animal Heat, and the Inflammation of 
 Combustible Bodies; being an attempt to resolve these phenomena into 
 a general law of nature. By A. Crawford, M.D. F.R.S.L. and E. and 
 Member of the Philosophical Societies of Dublin and Philadelphia. The 
 Second Edition, with very large Additions. London: printed for J. 
 
 Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church- Yard. M.DCC.LXXXVIII. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 491 [i blank]. 4 engraved plates. 
 
 The author was born in Ireland in 1748, and Poggendorff. Of the above book the first edition 
 died 1795. He was a physician at St. Thomas's appeared in 1779. It is of importance as it dis- 
 Hospital, afterwards professor of chemistry at cusses the subject of specific heat, especially of 
 Woolwich, and a Fellow of the Royal Societies gases. It also deals with the chemistry of respira- 
 of London and Edinburgh. tion. The German translation is by Crell, Leipzig, 
 
 Lists of his works are given by Watt, Reuss and 1789, 8. 
 
182 
 
 CRA WFORDCREILING 
 
 CRAWFORD (ADAIR). Continued. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 304,610. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Coinmentationum ; Chemia, 
 1803, pp. 17, 28, 188. 
 
 Fischer, Geschichte der Physik, vols. vi., vii., viii. 
 1805-08, passim. 
 
 The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, 
 1817, xiii. p. 393 (review of his experiments on the 
 effect of tonics, etc., on the cohesion of animal 
 fibre. The reviewer gives a brief estimate of the 
 author's work in general). 
 
 Watt, Bibliothec;,. Britannica, 1819, i. (authors), 
 268 r. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 352. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la 
 cine,, 1831, I. ii. p. 886. 
 
 Biographic Universe lie, 1852, ix. p. 455. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gindrale, 1856, xi. col. 381. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 495. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopt'dique des Sciences Mt'Ji- 
 cales, 1879, xxii. p. 733. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 494 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 1012. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 103. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1888, xiii. p. 
 49 (article by Hunt). 
 
 CREILING (JOHANN KONRAD). 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, oder : eine durch Rationes, viele Exempla 
 und Experimenta abgehandelte Untersuchung, was von der Alchymia zu 
 halten und vor Nutzen daraus zu schopffen seye, nebst einem Zusatz von 
 der Medicina Universali, Universal-Process und einigen Kunst-Stiicken. aus 
 der Alchymie. Tubingen bey denen Gebriidern Cotta. 1730. 
 8. Pp. [24] 424. Woodcut of the Prague Medal, p. 91. 
 
 This work appeared in the same year with a quite different title-page : 
 
 Ehren-Rettung der Alchymie, oder Verniinfftige Untersuchung, was von der 
 herrlichen Gabe, welche die himmlische Weifsheit denen Menschen geschencket, und 
 insgemein mit dem verachtlichen Nahmen der Alchymie beleget wird, zu halten seye. 
 Durch Rationes, auch viele curiosa Exempla und Experimenta abgehandelt. Wobey 
 noch von der Medicina Universali Meldung geschiehet. Sammt einem Anhang des 
 Universal-Processes zweyer alien wahrhafften Philosophorum, und kurtzer Consigna- 
 tion etlicher Kunst-Stiicke aus der Alchymie. Nicht nur denen Liebhabern dieser edlen 
 Wissenschafften, sondern auch alien andern, was Standes sie seyn mbgen, nutzlich und 
 vergniiglich zu lesen. Ehedessen geschrieben von einem bekannten Philosopho. Nun 
 aber auf vieler Verlangen an Tag gegeben von einem Liebhaber der Chymie. Her- 
 renstadt, bey Samuel Rothscholtzen, MDCCXXX. 
 
 Still another title without the author's name is given in the Beytrag zur Geschichte 
 der hohern Chemie, 1785, p. 663 : 
 
 V. F. S. P. Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, nebst einem Zusatz von der Medicina 
 universal!, Universalprocess und einigen Kunststiicken aus der Alchymie. Tubing. , 
 1730, 8- 
 
 The initials are explained at the end of the ' Vorrede ' ; they are taken from the 
 words Victrix Fortunae SaPientia. 
 
 The book is a defence of alchemy, based first 
 upon natural principles, and secondly on the 
 evidence of actual transmutations. It contains a 
 good deal of interesting historical matter, but it 
 has been injured by its fantastical title. 
 
 This work was published anonymously, artd 
 even Schmieder did not know the author's name, 
 although it had been given both by Fuchs and by 
 Gmelin. 
 
 Fuchs calls Creiling professor at Helmstadt, 
 whereas Kopp says he was professor of chemistry 
 at Tubingen : but he may have been both. 
 
 Meusel states that he was born at Lochgau, 
 Wiirtemberg, 9 July, 1673, was professor of mathe- 
 matics and physics at Tubingen from 1701 to 1745, 
 when he resigned, and died at Tubingen, 13 Sept. 
 1752 (1750?). He wrote mathematical papers 
 and the present work, but there is no reference to 
 his being professor of chemistry anywhere. 
 
 Kortum calls him a famous teacher at Tubingen, 
 a prodigy of learning, who spent the greater part 
 of his life in his laboratory over alchemical pursuits, 
 and wrote the Ehrenrettung der Alchemie. With 
 
 all justice he could say in his autobiography : 
 Qusesivi et inveni, quot lapides sophioe. 
 
 The authorship is ascribed to Creiling also in the 
 Fama Mystica Hermetica, 1772, p. 22, and in the 
 Sammlung der neuesten . . . Begebenheiten, 1780, 
 in the preface. He is called the author of the very 
 rare Ehrenrettung, afterwards issued with the 
 ludicrous title Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia. 
 
 Still more definitely is the subject discussed by 
 Roth-Scholtz, who speaks of Creiling as his best 
 friend and patron. He tells us that the MS. of the 
 book was complete prior to 1727, and in that year 
 he printed the title and contents from the MS. in his 
 Bibliotheca Chemica. The book was eagerly 
 looked for by the believers in transmutation, and 
 in 1730 he expresses the hope that, as it deserved 
 to be printed, the publication would not be de- 
 layed, for it would be a misfortune if the author 
 did not live to see it finished. The title given by 
 Roth-Scholtz is that of the Ehrenrettung. The 
 publication actually took place in 1730, but it must 
 have been after that of Roth-Scholtz's Theatrum, 
 in which the above remarks occur. What pro- 
 
C RE I LING 183 
 
 CREILING (JOHANN KONRAD). Continued. 
 
 duced the change of title from what stood in the former : and it is seldom that both titles are quoted. 
 
 MS. in 1727 I have not discovered. The alteration Thus while Gmelin mentions only the former, 
 
 must have been made almost at once and the Fuchs, Schmieder, and Kopp seem to know the 
 
 I'llm-nrettung title must have been quickly can- latter alone. 
 
 celled, or the copies withdrawn from circulation, Besides the works in the present catalogue 
 
 for that form is certainly far less common than Creiling published Hannemann s commentary on 
 
 Die Edelgebome Jungfer Alchymia. I have seen Espagnet's Enchiridion physicce restitute, to which 
 
 several copies of the latter, but only one of the he prefixed a learned preface, Tubingen, 1718, 4. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chcmica, 1727, pp. vcrstorbcnen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1803, ii. p. 
 
 4-14. 216. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Deiitsches Thcatrum Chemicum, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 1730, ii. p. 827. 1806-08, p. 251. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Steiti, 1753, Th. i. p. 64. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatoniica, 1777, ii. p. 28. 543. 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Alchemic, 1789, p. 94. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Cliemic, 1798, ii. pp. ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 495. 
 324, 325. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Hermetisches Journal, 1801, I. i. p. 55 (interest- Secretes, 1870, No. 1455 (without the author's 
 
 ing notice of Creiling). name). 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 Us 1800 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244; ii. p. 382. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Dissertatio Academica de Aureo Vellere aut Possibilitate Transmutationis 
 Metallorum hanc Praeside Johanne Conrado Creilingio, Physicae Experiment. 
 Et Mathemat. Professore Ordinario, Senatus Universitatis Seniore, Contub. 
 Academic! Rectore, Et Facultatis Philosophical h. t. Decano. Defendent 
 publice Magisterii Philosophic! Candidati, Johannes Jacobus Erbe, Tubingensis. 
 Johannes Fridericus Reinmann Tubingensis. Christianus Theophilus Gmelin, 
 Tubingensis. Illustris Seminarii Ducalis Alumni. Ad D. H. L. C. Anno 
 MDCCXXXVII. Tubingae, Litteris Roebelianis. 
 
 4. Pp. 88. 
 
 This part of the Dissertation is in three sections : Sectio II. De Salibus metallicis . . . &c. 
 Sectio I. De Historia Aurei Velleris, et de Sectio III. De Productione artificiali Ferri & 
 Principiis metallorum, &c. Sulphuris, de Vegetatione metallorum, &c. 
 
 Dissertatio de Aureo Vellere, Sectio iv. De Cautelis Quibusdam in Aurificio, 
 Maxime Particular!', Utilibus. Hanc Preside Johanne Conrado Creilingio, 
 Physicae Experimental et Mathemat. Professore ordinario, Senatus Univer- 
 sitatis, nee non Facultatis Philosophiae Seniore, et Contub. Academ. Rectore. 
 Defendent Publice Magisterii Philosophici Candidati Albertus Christoph. 
 Baumann, Keramio-Neohusan. Johannes Conradus Haas, Ar-Neohusanus. 
 Illustris Seminarii Ducalis Alumni. Ad D. H. L. C. Anno MDCCXXXIX. 
 Tubingae, Litteris Roebelianis. 
 
 4. Pp. 42 [2]. 
 
 Abhandlung vom Goldenen Vliess oder Moglichkeit der Verwandlung der 
 Metalle. Aus dem Lateinischen des Herrn Joh. C. Creiling, ordentlichen 
 Lehrers der Mathematik und Physik &c. iibersetzt. Tubingen bei Jacob 
 Friedrich Heerbrandt. 1787. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 176. 
 
 This consists of the four parts of the two pre- torium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 266) 
 ceding dissertations. They contain matter bearing calls the second part " sehr hiibsch. " 
 on the history of transmutation. Fuchs (Reper- 
 
1 84 
 
 CREILINGCREMER 
 
 CREILING (JOHANN KONRAD). Continued. 
 Das Goldene Vliess. 
 
 See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Chemie, 1787, ii. p. i. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Herm&tique, 1742, iii. p. 142. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1196. 
 
 CRELL (LORENZ FLORENZ FRIEDRICH VON). 
 
 Die neuesten Entdeckungen in der Chemie. Gesamlet von D. Lorenz Crell, 
 Herzogl. Braunschweig. Liineburg. Bergrath. der theoret. Arzneygelahrtheit 
 und der Materia medica ordentl. offentl. Lehrer zu Helmstadt; der Rom. 
 Kaiserl. Academic der Naturforscher Adjuncte ; der Churfurstl. Maynzischen 
 Academie der Wissenschaften, der Berlin. Gesellsch. naturforsch. Freunde, 
 und der Herzogl. Braunschweig, deutschen Gesellschaft Mitgliede. Erster 
 Theil. Leipzig, in der Weygandschen Buchhandlung. 1781. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 250. [2]. 
 
 Zehnter Theil, [1-7] 8-286 [2]. 
 
 Eilfter Theil, xviii. 268 [2]. 
 
 Zwolfter Theil, 1784 [12] 254 [2]. Nebst einem 
 Register iiber die letztern sechs Theile, pp. 177-210 
 (misprint for 257-290). 
 
 Dreizehnter Theil, 1786, [8] 5-299 [i blank]. 
 Plate. (This is vol. iv. of the A uswaJH, and has a 
 title-page to that effect.) 
 
 Zweyter Theil, [6] 3-284. 
 
 6] 
 
 Plate. 
 
 Dritter Theil, [16] 272. 
 Vierter Theil, 1782, [6] 282. 
 Funfter Theil, [14] 274. 
 
 Sechster Theil nebst einem Register iiber alle 
 sechs Theile, [8] 292. 
 Siebenter Theil, [181270. 
 Achter Theil, 1783, T6] 282. Plate. 
 Neunter Theil, xiv. [2] 258. Plate. 
 
 Crell was born at Helmstadt, 21 January, 1744. 
 He had the usual University training and took the 
 degrees of D. Phil, and D. Med. , and was 
 appointed professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy 
 in the Carolinum at Brunswick in 1771. In 1773 
 he removed to Helmstadt as professor of Philosophy 
 and became professor of Medicine in 1774. He 
 discharged the duties of these offices till 1810, when 
 the University at Helmstadt was abolished. After 
 that he acted as ordinary professor of Chemistry at 
 Gottingen till his death, which happened there on 
 7 June, 1816. He had also been Brunswick 
 Mining Councillor from 1780. His portrait is 
 given in Allgemeine Teutsche Bibliothek, vol. LIX. 
 
 Crell made numerous chemical researches, which 
 were published in various journals and in various 
 languages, and he was diligent as a translator of 
 chemical books, having turned Black's ' Lectures,' 
 Crawford on Heat, and others into German, but he 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 3. 
 
 Meusel, Das Gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon 
 der ietzt-lebenden Teuhchen Schriftstellcr, 1796, 
 i. pp. 642-647. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 454, 455, 471, 473, 520, 524. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors) 
 269 /. 
 
 is now remembered specially as the active editor of 
 several series of chemical journals issued under his 
 name between 1778 and 1803. Crell's 'Annalen,' 
 'Journal,' 'Archiv,' and 'Entdeckungen' are 
 standard works of reference for the history of 
 Chemistry during the last quarter of the eighteenth 
 century, just at the birth of the modern period. 
 Lists of his works are given by Meusel and Putter. 
 The following list of his journals may be useful : 
 
 ' Chemisches Journal.' 6 parts. 1778-1781. 
 
 ' Die neuesten Entdeckungen in der Chemie.' 
 13 parts. 1781-1786. 
 
 'Chemisches Archiv.' 2 parts. 1783. 
 
 ' Neues chemisches Archiv.' Svols. 1783-1791. 
 
 ' Neuestes Chemisches Archiv.' 1798. 
 
 ' Chemische Annalen.' 40 vols. 1784-1803. 
 
 ' Beitrage zu den Chemischen Annalen. ' 6 parts. 
 1785-1799. 
 
 Putter, Versuch einer Academischcn Gelehrten-. 
 Geschichte von der Georg-Augustus-Universitat zu 
 Gottingen, iii. (1820, by Friedrich Saalfeld), p. 80. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. p. 163 
 <&> passim. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1876, iv. p. 587 
 (article by Oppenheim). 
 
 CREMER QOHN). 
 
 See MAIER (MICHAEL), Tripus Aureus, 1618, p. 183. 
 
 See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 533. 
 
 John Cremer, abbot of Westminster, lived early 
 in the fourteenth century. He was devoted to 
 Alchemy, and had worked at it for thirty years, 
 but the more he read the more he felt himself mis- 
 led by the conflict of opinion and directions for 
 work, so he resolved to go to some adept of repute 
 and be put by him on the right path. He went to 
 
 Raymund Lully in Milan in 1330, and from him 
 he learned part of the mystery. On Cremer's 
 persuasion Lully came to London where he re- 
 mained two years. They worked together. Lully 
 was presented to the King, Edward III., and 
 promised to supply him with gold for a war 
 against the Turks. The King received the gold 
 
CREMERCROLLIUS 185 
 
 CREMER (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 but used it against France, and Lully, feeling that doubt that hangs round Lully's visit to England, 
 
 he had been deceived, departed suddenly to the and Borrichius questions Cremer's share in the 
 
 great regret of Cremer, who never learned any business. 
 
 more about transmutation. A portrait of Cremer is given by Ashmole at the 
 
 Two difficulties are connected with this story, head of ' Hermes bird,' which Ashmole says was 
 
 one, that the name of Cremer does not occur translated from Lully by Cremer. Cremer's story 
 
 among the abbots of Westminster, the other is the is quoted in most of the histories of alchemy. 
 
 Michael Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensa-, 1617, Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Akhymia, 1730, p. 194. 
 
 pp. 413, 480. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 52. 
 
 Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 
 
 1652, pp. 213, 465-67. 169, 172, 182. 
 
 ^A.Q\\\Qi,DeMetallorttmtransmutationeEpistola, Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 411; 
 
 1673, p. 122. 1866, i. p. 435. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scrip/am m Chemicoruin , Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, pp. 339, 359. 
 1697, p. 18. 
 
 CROLLIUS (OswALDUs). 
 
 Osvaldi Crollii Veterani Hassi. Basilica Chymica continens. Philosophicum 
 propria laborum experientia confirmatam descriptionem & vsum Remediorum 
 Chymicorum Selectissimorum d Lumine Gratiae & Naturae Desumptorum. 
 In fine libri additus est Autoris eiusdem Tractatus Nouus De Signaturis 
 Rerum Internis. Cum Gratia & Priuilegio S. Caes. Maiest. Francofurti, 
 Impensis Godefridi Tampachii, Anno M.D.C.XX. 
 
 8. Pp. 336 [47, i blank]. Pp. 177-180 dropped. 209-212 repeated. Tractatus 
 de Signaturis, pp. 100. Index [28]. Elegia de Antiqua Medicina Vlrici Bollingeri, 
 &c., pp. 16. The Tract de Signaturis has a separate title, included in the pagination. 
 
 An edition appeared at Geneva, 1631, 8. Again 1658, 8, with the notes of Hartmann & Michaelis. 
 
 D. O. M. A. Osualdi Crollii Veterani Hassi Basilica Chymica Continens. 
 Philosophicam propria laborum experiential confirmatam descriptionem et 
 usum Remediorum Chymicorum Selectissimorum e Lumine Gratiae et Naturae 
 Desumptorum. In fine libri additus est Autoris ejusdem Tractatus Nouus 
 de Signaturis Rerum Internis. Cum Gratia et Priuilegio S. Caes. Maiest. 
 Francofurti, Impensis Godefridi Tampachij. 
 
 Without data. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 283. Index [25] ; Tractatus de Signaturis internis rerum, pp. [15, 
 i blank], 80. Index [16] ; Elegia De Vera Antiqua Philosophica Medicina, scripta a 
 M. Vlrico Bollingero, etc., pp. 24. The title page is an elaborate symbolic engraving, 
 with portraits of Hermes, Morienus and Lully on one side, and Geber, R. Bacon and 
 Paracelsus on the other. This undated edition is a reissue of that of 1609, w ' th some 
 modifications which are seen in the poems at the end. Sheet aa has been reprinted ; it 
 contains catchwords not in the earlier edition, the inner lines of the border go down to 
 the bottom ; the title-page also is different. Sheet bb is the same in both ; but cc has 
 also been reprinted with catchwords and bordering lines prolonged ; the poem ends on 
 004 verso instead of cc 4 recto, and the register, imprint and date have been omitted. 
 
 D. O. M. A. Crollius Redivivus. Das ist, Hermetischer Wunderbaum, warinn 
 zu sehen, wie die wunderbahre Werck Gottes von Liebhabern wahrer 
 Chymischer Artzney, recht zu verstehen, vnd zu erkenen ; vnd wie ein jeder 
 Gottsfiirchtiger Artist, vnd Spagyrus derselben nachfolgen, auff dafe er 
 dermal einest mit eigener gesegneter Hand-arbeit im Philosophischen Acker 
 nicht nur ein Fiincklein, sondern wol gar ein starcken Strahlen defs Liechts 
 der Natur, ohne sondere Miihe aufswiircken vnd erlangen mag. Aufs dem 
 grossen Hermetischen Lustgarten zusammen getragen vnd in sieben Biichlein 
 abgetheilet. Durch Anonymvm von Feldtaw. 
 
1 86 CROLLIUS 
 
 CROLLIUS (OSWALDUS). Continued. 
 
 Syr. 14. 1 8. Wer sich mit seiner Arbeit nehret, vnd last ihm beniigen, 
 der hat ein fein ruhwig Leben, das heist, ein Schatz vber alle 
 Schatze finden. 
 
 Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Anthoni Hummen. In Verlegung 
 Johann Gottfried Schonwetters. M.D.C.XXXV. 
 
 4. Pp. [10] 66. 30 engravings in the text. 
 
 This is followed by Oswald Crollius' Errinerungs Vorrede, pp. 1-113, ar) d the Basilica 
 Chymica, pp. 114-248, and Index [15, i blank]. There is no title-page. 
 
 After this comes the tract on Signatures, with the following title-page : 
 Oswaldi Crolii Von Wetter aufs dem Furstenthumb Hessen, weyland Fiirstlichen 
 Anhaltischen wolverordneten Leib Medici Tractat von den jnnerlichen Signature!), 
 oder Zeichen aller Dinge. Oder von der wahren vnd lebendigen Anatomia der grossen 
 vnd kleinen Welt. Von dem Authore erstlichen beschrieben vnd zu vnterschiedlichen 
 malen in Truck verfertiget : Nunmehr aber auff das fleissigst vnd trewlichst verteutscht. 
 Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Caspar Rotel, in Verlegung Gottfridt Tani- 
 pachs. Im Jahr 1629. 
 
 Pp. 72. Index [7, i blank]. 
 
 Though it has a separate title-page, signatures been all issued together in 1647, with notes by 
 
 and pagination, it obviously forms part of the Johann Hartmann (q.v.), I conclude that they 
 
 preceding. form parts of one volume, and that owing to some 
 
 This seems a made-up book. Whether this publishing arrangement the title-page of Feldtaw's 
 
 1629 (?) edition of Crollius' Basilica, wanting the tract has been made to do duty for the whole, 
 
 title-page, was issued with Feldtaw's later work, I have had no opportunity for ascertaining whether 
 
 or whether this is a defective copy which happens there are other copies like this, or if there be any 
 
 to have been merely bound along with the other, I of the Basilica Chymica, 1629 (?), with Feldtaw's 
 
 am not sure. Judging however from them having Crollius redivivus, 1635, at the end. 
 
 D. O. M. A. Oswaldi Crollii Weterani Hassi Chymisch Kleynod. Hiebevor 
 zwar aufsgangen jetzo aber durch den Hochgelehrten Johann Hartmannum 
 M.D. gemehrt verbessert, mit nothwendigen Notis spagyricis zu Erlauterung 
 der Artzneyen, geziert, vnd zum Ersten mal, neben dem Hermetischen 
 Wunderbaum, in Truck aufsgangen alien Doctoren, Apoteckern, Laboranten, 
 Balbierern und manniglichen sehr dienlich vnd niitzlich. Cum Gratia et 
 Priuilegio S. Caes. Maiest. Francofurti, Impensis Godefridi Schonwetteri. 
 1647. 
 
 This is followed by a printed title-page : 
 
 Hermetischer Probier Stein, darauff nicht allein alle vnd jede in defs Oswaldi 
 Grollii (sic) intitulirten Alchymistischen Koniglichen Kleynod befinclliche procefs vnd 
 Chymische Artzneyen examiniret vnd auff die Prob gesetzet, sondern dieselbe auch mit 
 vnterschiedlichen andern schonen vnd niitzlichen durch selbst eygnen Handgriff vnd 
 tagliche Erfahrung approbirten Artzneyen vor diesem in Lateinischer Sprach vermeh- 
 ret vnd verbessert worden. Von Johann Hartmann, der Artzney D. Fiirstlich- 
 Hessischen gewesenen weitberiihmbten Leib Medico vnd Professorn zu Marpurg an 
 jetzo aber auff vielfa'l tiger begehrn. Neben angehengten Crollischen Tractatlein von 
 den jnnerlichen Signaturen oder Zeichen aller Dinge vnd dem Hermetischen Wunder- 
 baum, dem gemeinen Nutzen zum besten ins Teutsche versetzet. Franckfurt am 
 Mayn, Jn Verlegung Johann Gottfried Schonwetters. M.DC.XXXXVII. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 392 [16] ; Crollius redivivus, 83 [i blank] ; Von den Signaturen, 
 no title, pp. 61 [10, i blank]. General engraved title with symbolic drawings and 
 portraits of Hermes, Geber, Morierms, R. Bacon, R. Lullius, Paracelsus. Engravings 
 to ' Crollius redivivus,' printed in the text. That tract has separate pagination and a 
 title-page as follows : 
 
 D.O.M.A. Crollius Redivivus. Das ist, Hermetischer Wunderbaum, warinn 
 zu sehen, wie die wunderbahre Werck Gottes von Liebhabern wahrer Chymischer 
 Artzney, recht zu verstehen, vnd zuerkennen ; vnd wie ein jeder Gottsfurchtiger Artist, 
 vnd Spagyrus derselben nachfolgen, auff das er dermal einest mit eigener gesegneter 
 Handarbeit im Philosophischen Acker nicht nur ein Fiincklein, sondern wol gar ein 
 starcken Strahlen defs Liechts der Natur, ohne sondere Miihe aufswiircken vnd 
 erlangen mag. 
 
 Aufs dem grossen Hermetischen Lustgarten zusammen getragen vrid in sieberi 
 Biichlein abgetheilet. Durch Anonymtim von Feldtaw. 
 
CROLLIUSCRONENB URGIUS 
 
 187 
 
 CROLLIUS (OSWALDUS). Continued. 
 
 Syr. 14. 18. Wer sich mil seiner Arbeit nehret, vnnd last jhm beniigen, der hat ein 
 
 fein ruhwig Leben, das heist ein Schatz vber alle Schatze finden. 
 Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Hans Friederich Weifs. M.D.C.XXXXVII. 
 
 Pp. 83 [i blank]. 
 
 The statement on the engraved title-page that would indicate that the volume entitled Crollhis 
 this is the first publication of these tracts together, redivivus, &c. was a made up one. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 It wants the engraved title. 
 
 The Basilica Chymica consists of three parts : 
 an admonitory preface, in which Crollius discusses 
 the doctrines of Paracelsus ; the practical part, 
 which is really a treatise on pharmacy and thera- 
 peutics ; and the treatise on Signatures. The 
 remarks made by Conring and by Schelhammer 
 are not much in commendation of either Crollius 
 or his book, but it must be remembered that 
 Conring was opposed to Paracelsus and his system 
 and his followers. 
 
 Stolle notices the work favourably. The 'Ad- 
 monitory Preface ' and Paracelsus' views in general 
 are severely criticized by Libavius in his Examcn 
 Philosophic ?lO^|(^, 1615, pp. 35-87, forming part 
 of his Appendix Necessciria Syntagmatis Arcan- 
 orum Chemicorum, q.v. 
 
 On his Chemistry see Kopp. 
 
 A German translation, altered from Hartmann's, 
 q.v. was brought out again at Niirnberg in 1684, 
 by Johann Hiskias Cardilucius, with a commentary. 
 
 The French translation was executed by J. 
 Marcel de Boulene, Lyons, 1627, 8. 
 
 Bellinger, Encomium Wetterce Nachrichten v. 
 Wetter, p. 148, and Basel. Lex. i Suppl. 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 
 1037. P- 378. 
 
 Borel, Bibliolheca Chimica, 1654, p. 68 ; 1656, 
 p. 65. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 859. 
 
 Conring, In Universal* Art em Medico m . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, p. 135, p. 324, p. 370. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. 64 
 recto, Ann. 1609. 
 
 Paschius, De Novis Inventis Tractatus, 1700, 
 
 PP. 4i. 403- 
 
 Reimmann, Versnch einer Einleitung in die 
 Historiam liierariam derer Tetttschen, iii. 1709, 
 p. 480. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibhotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 48. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 693, 780. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 2 33- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 143. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, 
 i. col. 2210. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 
 1755. ' P- 26 7 '. 1778, i. p. 73.6. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliothcca Chemica, 1782, p. 106. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gekhrtcn 
 vnd Schriftsteller Geschichte, Gbttingen, ii. (1782) 
 
 CROM. 
 
 See LE CROM. 
 
 In English it appears as Royal and Practical 
 Chemistry, in Three Treatises, London, 1670, 
 small folio. Besides Crollius' Basilica it contains 
 Hartmann's Practice of Chymisiry. 
 
 The 'Admonitory Preface,' 'made English by 
 H. Pinnell,' was published in Philosophy Kef armed 
 and Improved in Four Profound Tractates, London, 
 1657, 8*. 
 
 The Treatise of Signatures (which is dated 1669) 
 may sometimes be found separate from the 
 Basilica. It is noticed by Paschius when tracing 
 the history of Amulets and Talismans. 
 
 Croll, or Crollius, was born at Wetter in 1580, 
 studied at Marburg, Heidelberg, Strasburg, 
 Geneva, travelled, and became physician of Prince 
 Christian of Anhalt-Bernberg. In medicine he was 
 an adherent of Paracelsus, and invented several 
 remedies. Thefirst edition of the Basilica Chymica 
 was published at Franckfurt, 1608 ; again in 1609, 
 and afterwards in numerous editions. Crollius 
 died in 1609. 
 
 p. 424 (Pedigree of the Croll family); v. (1785) p. 
 286 (notice of O. C.). 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1783, 
 
 PP- 5*7, 591- 
 
 Weigel, Einleitnng zur allgemcincn Scheide- 
 kunst, 1788, i. p. 140. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 290- 
 92, 560. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chcmischen Litteratur, 
 1806, p. 94. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 358. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneyktmde , 1827, iii. 
 p. 528. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemcine Encyklopiidie, 1829, 
 xx. 169 (short article by Baur). 
 
 Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 174. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 112 & 
 passim. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1599-1600. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1876, iv. p. 604. 
 
 Dictionnaire EncyclopMique des Sciences Mifdi- 
 cales, 1879, xxiii. p. 401. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 99, 
 108, 215, 226. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 521 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 1044. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervor- 
 ragenden Aerzie, 1885, ii. p. 107. 
 
 CRONENBURGIUS (BERNARDUS DESSENIUS). 
 
 De Compositione Medicamentorum, hodierno aevo, apud Pharmacopeias, 
 passim extantium : et quo Artificio eadem recte parari queant cum 
 
1 88 
 
 CRONENB URGIUSCR UGNER 
 
 CRONENBURGIUS (BERNARDUS DESSENIUS). Continued. 
 
 Simplicium atque Aromatum (quibus consistunt) expositionibus, ac plerorumq; 
 omnium delectu, Libri X. Non Media's & Pharmacopceis tantum, sed 
 omnibus insuper rerum cognoscendarum studiosis, utilissimi pariter ac 
 necessarij. Ubi singula ad ipsissimam ueritatem expenduntur, plurimi 
 errores aperiuntur, & controuersise frequentes conciliantur, Autore Bernardo 
 Dessennio Cronenburgio, Doctore Medico Coloniensi. 
 
 In Invidiam Autor : 
 Docta manus Medici, tractat genus omne malorum, 
 
 Ast mordax liuor, spernit opem medicam. 
 
 Quid unoquoq; libro continetur, uersa pagina indicat. Cum Indice 
 locupletissimo, Latino ac Germanico. Cum Gratia, & Privilegio Imperiali 
 nouo, ad octennium. Francoforti, Apud Haered. Chr. Egenolphi, 
 
 M.D.LV. 
 
 Folio. Ff. [18] 154. Egenolph's device on the title-page and f. 154 verso. 
 
 This physician is described by some authorities 
 under the name of Cronenburgius, by others under 
 Dessenius, which is perhaps more correct. I have, 
 however, followed Adami, Van der Linden, Van der 
 Aa, and other writers, and called him Cronen- 
 burgius. He was born at Amsterdam in 1510, 
 studied medicine at Louvain, went to Bologna, 
 and, in 1539, became M.D. there; returned to 
 Holland, and, after practising in various places, 
 settled as professor of medicine at Groningen 
 
 Adami, Vitee Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, p. 
 217. 
 
 Van der Linden, De scriptis medicis libri duo, 
 
 1637, P- 85. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 78 ; 1656, 
 p. 74 (under Dissennius). 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 128. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artetn Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, p. 375. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum eruditione Clarorum, 
 1688, ii. p. 1268 (under Dessenius). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 316. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. in (under Dessenius). 
 
 Mangel, Bibliothecee Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 144. 
 
 Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 135. 
 
 for nine years. He then went to Cologne, where 
 he taught medicine, received a pension, and, with 
 great fame as a physician and botanist, died in 
 1574. He wrote a defence of the old medicine 
 against George Phasdro and the Paracelsists, 
 Cologne, 1573, 4, a treatise on the plague, Cologne, 
 1564, 4, and a letter to Matthiolus. 
 
 Of the present work there was also an edition : 
 Lyons, 1556, 8. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinischts Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 P- 233. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 2213. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine, 
 1755, i. p. 280 ; 1778, ii. p. 33 (under Dessenius). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 255 
 (under Dessenius). 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratiir, 
 1806-08, p. 62 (under Dessenius). 
 
 Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 358. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mldicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 223. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1858, iii. p. 868. 
 
 CROSSET de la Haumerie. 
 See LE CROM. 
 
 CRUGNER (MICHAEL). 
 
 D. O. M. A. Accipe, quod sentitur, antequam discitur. Michaelis Crugeneri, 
 P.M.C. Chymischer aufgewickelter Gebrauch und Bereitung seiner Elixiren, 
 welche zu heilsamer Cur der vornehmsten und bekantesten und aus ihren 
 darinn beschriebenen Ursachen und Zufallen entspringenden Kranckheiten, 
 so dem Menschlichen Leibe von Fufs an bifs auff die Scheitel, begegnen 
 konnen : Zu erhaltung des Lebens, langwieriger Gesundheit, und zu 
 
CRUGNER 189 
 
 CRUGNER (MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 verhiittung des Liebes und Gemiithes Beschwehrung dien- und niitzlichen, 
 Dem beygefiigt ein besonderer Philo-Medico Chymischer Anhang, oder 
 kurtzer Tractat, in welchem gelehret und gehandelt wird, worzu der Mensch 
 von Gott dem Herrn tiichtig erschafferi sey. Item was er verrichten kan, 
 und was er, wenn er von Gott zu einem Philo-Chymischen Medico beruffen, 
 nothwendig konnen und wissen soil, Darbey werden etliche wenige doch 
 besondre nutzbahre und tieffnachdenckliche Medicamente ersehen, und 
 nebenst einem zwiefachen Register, so wohl der Capitiim earumq'; sectionum 
 als der rerum &: verborum alien Liebhabern der Warheit und der rechten 
 Hermetischen Artzney gefliessenen zu Nutz und Gefallen an Tag gegeben. 
 
 Augustin. lib. 8. de Trinit. 
 
 Nullus reprehensor formidandus est amatori veritatis. Etenim aut inimicus 
 reprehensurus est, aut amicus : Si inimicus insultat, ferendus est : 
 Amicus autem, si errat, docendus est, & audiendus. 
 
 Drefsden, in verlegung Christian Bergen, gedruckt in Seyfferts Uruckerey, 1662. 
 
 4. Pp. [36] 242. Register, etc. [42], 
 
 U. O. M. A. Michaelis Criigneri, P.M.C. Neu vermehrter Chymischer Friihling. 
 Das ist : sonderbarer Medico-Chymischer Tractat, sambt einer Astrologischen 
 Continuation. Die Gewachse zu samblen, und zu gewissen Kranckheiten 
 recht zu bereiten. Darinnen insonderheit kiirtzlich und treufleissig dar- 
 gethan wird, welches nicht allein irrige Meinungen und falsche Procefse, 
 sondern auch im Gegentheil, richtige, kurtze und waare Procefse, mit sonder- 
 baren Handgriffen, auch beygefugtem Gebrauch und Nutz gewiesen wird. 
 Alles mit hochstem Fleifs, eigner Erfahrung, und miihsamer Erforschung 
 observiret, probiret, demonstriret und beschrieben vom Autore in Drefsden. 
 Vornemlich alien Liebhabern der Warheit, und der rechten Hermetischen 
 Artzney gefliessenen zu Nutz und Gefallen. Welchen vorher gesetzet 
 Informatorium Medico-Chymicum oder Unterricht, was ein recht Chymischer 
 oder Hermetischer Medicus sey, und was von ihm erfordert werde. 
 
 Augustinus 1. 8. de Trinit. 
 
 Nullus reprehensor formidandus est amatori Veritatis : Etenim aut inimicus 
 reprehensurus est, aut amicus : Si inimicus insultat, ferendus est ; amicus 
 autem si errat, docendus est & audiendus. 
 
 Niirnberg, In Verlegung Wolfifgang, defs Jiingern, und Johann Andreae 
 Endter, Anno M.DC.LIV. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 488 [19, i blank]. MS. notes. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 D. O. M. A. Harmonia ad omnium Mysteriorum Cognitionem, Deo singulariter 
 sic ordinante, certissima via est. Michaelis Criigneri, P.M.C. Chymischer 
 Garten-Baw, das ist : Spagyrische Beschreibung Vier- und dreissigerley 
 Gewachs und Krauter, nach rechter Fundamental und Hermetischer 
 
190 CRUGNER 
 
 CRUGNER (MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 Anleitung : Welche aufs der Putrefaction- und Transplantation sich Gener- 
 irn, vom stetssuchenden Autore fleissig observiret. Allen Liebhabern zum 
 Anlafs, zur fernerer Speculation und Observation dem Menschen zum besten 
 heraufsgegeben. Nebenst Angehangter kleinen Haliographia. 
 
 August, lib. 8. de Trin. 
 
 Nullus reprehensor formidandus est amatori veritatis. Etenim aut inimicus 
 reprehensurus est, aut amicus : Si inimicus insultat, ferendus est : 
 Amicus autem, si errat, docendus est, & audiendus. 
 
 Symbolum Autoris. 
 Wer Gott zum Freunde hat, der darff sich vor den Menschen nicht 
 
 furchten. 
 
 Niirnberg, In Verlegung Wolffgang, des Jiingern, und Johann Andrea; 
 Endtern, Im Jahr 1653. 
 
 4. Pp. 286 [2 blank]. [Table in black and red. This, however, belongs to 
 Crtigner's tract Chymisc/ier Sommer.} MS. notes. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 D. O. M. A. Michaelis Criigeneri, P.M.C. Chymischer Sommer. Das ist : 
 sonderbarer Medico-Chymischer Tractat, darinnen insonderheit kiirtzlich 
 und treufleissig dargethan wird, wie die Gewachse nach rechter Influentz, 
 und rechtem Mafs defs himmlischen, recht eingetheilten Zodiaci zu samblen, 
 und dann ferner Chymice und Astrologice recht zu prepariren seyn, so wol 
 rechter Gebrauch und Nutz gewiesen wird. Alles mit hochstem Fleifs, 
 eigner Erfahrung, und muhesamer Erforschung observirt, probiret, demon- 
 striret und beschrieben vom Autore in Drefsden. Vornemlich Allen 
 Liebhabern der Warheit, und der rechten Hermetischen Artzney Geflissenen 
 zu Nutz und Gefallen an Tag geben. 
 
 Augustinus 1. 8. de Trinit. 
 Nullus reprehensor formidandus est amatori Veritatis : Etenim aut inimicus 
 
 reprehensurus est, aut amicus. Si inimicus insultat, ferendus est ; 
 
 amicus si errat, docendus est & audiendus. 
 
 Niirnberg, In Verlegung Wolffgang dess Jiingern, und Joh: Andreae 
 Endtern, Anno M.DC.LVI. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 435 [i blank, 10]. Table at p. 97, and the folding table in red and 
 black, p. 181, will be found in Criigner's Chymischer Gartenbait. MS. notes. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Criigner, or Crugener, flourished about the treatise, Gosslar, 1669, 8 ; in German, Frkf. a. M. 
 
 middle of the seventeenth century, lived in 1702, 8. Besides those above mentioned he wrote 
 
 Dresden, and was a chemist and a medical prac- also Chymischer Tannenbaum, Dresden, Niirnberg, 
 
 titioner of the school of the latro-mathematicians 1650, 4 ; Astronomia parva, Osnabriick, 1670, 4 ; 
 
 or latro-astronomers. He devised a number of Eclipsigraphia, Ibid. 1673,4; Chymischer Herbst, 
 
 medicines and specifics, in particular the " materia and Chymischer Winter, but it is a question if the 
 
 perlata," of which he gives an account in a separate last two were actually published. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam litera- Haller, Bibliotheca Medicinee practices, 1779, u '- 
 
 riam derer Teutschen, Halle im Magdeburg, 1713, p. 225. 
 vi. p. 592. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 623. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 51. Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 25), iii. p. 359. 
 p. 234. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 379, 391. 
 
CR UGNERCR UX 
 
 CRUGNER (MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 The ' materia perlata,' which the inventor sold 
 for 245. the ounce, and about which a good deal 
 has been written, is, according to some, ' Anti- 
 monium diaphoreticum,' apparently the oxide of 
 the metal. The question was discussed in an 
 academic dissertation by Peter Gericke (prases} 
 and Arthur Conrad Ernsting (resp.) : Dissertatio 
 de Materia perlata, Helmstadii, 1737 (or 1738, for 
 the date is blurred), 4, and the authorities there 
 quoted. 
 
 Kerner, Tetras Chymiatrica, 1618, Sect, iv., 
 sig. P 2 recto. 
 
 Roth, Anleitung aur Chymie, 1721, p. 228. 
 
 Boerhaave, Elementa Chymitc, 1731, ii. pro- 
 cessus ccxx. 
 
 The ' materia perlata ' here described is not to be 
 confounded with the ' perlated salt' of Proust, 
 which was investigated by Scheele and described 
 in Crell's Chemical Journal, 1791, i. p. 120 
 (English translation). 
 
 Haller quotes three editions of the tract on this 
 topic in German : Budissin, 1667, 8 ; Ratisbon, 
 1676, 8 ; 1679, 8. 
 
 Weigel, Grundrifs der reinen und angewandten 
 Chemie, 1777, ii. pp. 531, 534, 1092, q. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteraiur, 
 1806-08, p. 147. 
 
 CRUSIUS (DAVID). 
 
 Theatrum Morborum Hermetico-Hippocraticum seu methodica morborum, 
 et curationis eorundem dispositio : multis elegantissimis problematis ac 
 Hermeticae medicinae flosculis illustrata. Opera & studio D. Davidis Crusij, 
 Crimnicensis, Philosophi & Medici. 1615. Erfurti typis Nicolai Schmuckij, 
 Impensis Johannis Episcop. Bibliopolae Erfurtens : 
 
 8. Pp. [15, i blank] 249. Index [8]. Appendix [12] [3 blank]. Folding table 
 containing a scheme of diseases. 
 
 and Part: 1616. Erfurti. Typis Mechlerianis, Impensis Johannis Kpiscop. 
 Bibliopolne. Pp. [16] 284. Index [ii, i blank]. Folding table with another scheme. 
 This part has a separate title, signatures, and pagination. 
 
 The notices of Crusius are rather discordant. 
 
 According to one account he was born at Crim- 
 mitschau near Altenburg, 29 January, 1589, 
 graduated master of arts at Erfurt, studied at Jena 
 and other universities, and became M.D. of Basel 
 in 1609. He practised privately at Erfurt, and 
 declined many offers to become private physician 
 of various princes. He accepted, however, the 
 post of " Rathmeister" and " Ober Schloss Herr" 
 at Erfurt. His death took place on 15 July, 1640. 
 
 Another version is that he was a native of 
 Grimme, private physician of various princes and 
 counts, and burgomaster of Erfurt. This is 
 affirmed on the authority of Witte's Diarium 
 biographicum, but Stolle remarks that there is not 
 a word about Crusius in that work, and further 
 that there is evidence that Erfurt at that time was 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 131. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chemica, 16=54, P- 7 1 I 6s6, 
 p. 86. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatiis, 1686, p. 240. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 154. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung stir Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 274. 
 
 Motschmann, Erfordia literata contin. , p. 99. 
 
 not a municipality, so that there was no burgo- 
 master. 
 
 Stolle is right so far as the 1688 volume of 
 Witte's Diarium is concerned. But there was 
 another part issued in 1691, and Crusius' name 
 may possibly be in it. I have not seen this part. 
 
 By Borel there is quoted also a Daniel Crusius, 
 author of "Methodica Phisicae peripatetico-Her- 
 meticae delineatio, Erphord. apud Birkner, 1617, in 
 8." 
 
 Whether Daniel is a misprint for David, or 
 whether they are distinct authors, I am unable to 
 decide. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, followed by Gmelin, refers to 
 Daniel only and his book. 
 
 Van der Linden calls him Crimnicensis, and 
 mentions the Theatrum morborum only. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 2 3S- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 144. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 2233. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 
 1778, i. p. 739- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 519. 
 
 Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 360. 
 
 CRUX. 
 
 D. O. M. A. | Crux absq; Cruce: | Das ist: | Wolvermeynte | Defension, deren, 
 inter | Mundi calumnias bliihenden Teutschen j Gesellschaft ad S. Sanctum | 
 Genannt | Vom Rosencreutz. | [Vignette.] Autore | Vito del Capo dela bona 
 speranza. | 
 
192 
 
 CRUXCULTOR 
 
 CRUX. Continued. 
 
 Non nobis Domine, non nobis, sed no-|mini tuo da gloriam.) 
 M.DC.XVII. | 
 
 No place, printer, or publisher. 
 
 8. Pp. [15, i blank]. The vignette is a falcon standing on the winged Earth 
 ball, with a wreath in its beak, and an open book in its right foot, and the motto : 
 Gloria Virtute Paratur. 
 
 This is a Rosicrucian tract of which Borel 
 {Bibliotheca Chemica, 1654, p. 71) speaks of a MS. 
 It is mentioned also in Missiv an die . . Bruder- 
 
 schaft des Ordens des Rosenkreutzes, 1783, pp. 83-4, 
 and by Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 
 1844, p. 183, No. 2499. 
 
 D. O. M. A. | Crux absq; Cruce : | Das ist : | Wolvermeynte [ Defension, deren, 
 inter Mun-|di calumnias bluhenden Teutschen [ Gesellschafft ad S. Sanctum | 
 genannt | Vom Rosencreutz. | [Vignette.] Autore | Vito del capo dela bona 
 speranza. | 
 
 Non nobis Domine, non nobis, sed nomini | tuo da gloriam. | 
 M.DC.XVIII. | 
 
 8. Pp. [15, i blank]. The vignette is as in the 1617 edition, but the two issues 
 are quite different throughout, not merely in the title-pages. The concluding lines in 
 the two editions are as follows : 
 
 Edition of 1617 : Da- | bam inter invidias & versecutiones (sic) me- | dius in capite 
 bonse spei. Mense Sep- | tembri, Anno 1617. | Vitus del capo dela bona speranza. | 
 
 Edition of 1618: Da- | bam inter invidias & persecutiones me- | dius in capite bonne 
 spei. Mense | Septembri, Anno 1617. | Vitus del capo dela bona speranza. | The 
 final ornaments are different. 
 
 CRUX Symbolica. 
 Symbolica Crux. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 840. 
 See COMITIBUS (LUDOVICUS DE). 
 
 CULPEPER (NICHOLAS). 
 
 See SENNERT (DANIEL), 1660. 
 
 Culpeper, born 1616 at London, was at Cam- 
 bridge in 1634, and was a good scholar. He was 
 apprenticed to an apothecary, in 1640 he set up as 
 astrologer and physician, and was much esteemed 
 in the latter capacity. His translation of the Phar- 
 macopoeia of the College of Physicians excited their 
 indignation. His ' English Physician,' 1653, was a 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 477; 
 1772, ii. p. 150. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. 
 p. 8 (several works). 
 
 The Gentleman's Magazine, 1797, Ixvii. part 2, 
 
 P- 563- 
 
 Hutchmson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i p. 234. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1813, xi. p. 130. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors) 
 276 a. 
 
 Biographie Medicak, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 365. 
 
 very successful manual. He wrote a number of 
 medical books, and his hard work as a practitioner 
 and author injured his health, and he died in Jan. 
 1653-4, aged 38. 
 
 His portrait is in the ' Last Legacy,' and in the 
 ' Directory,' or translation of the Pharmacopoeia. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mldi- 
 cales, 1880, xxiv. p. 374. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 467. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 557 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1898, iii. p. 1072. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervor- 
 ragenden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 113. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1888, xiii. p. 
 286. 
 
 Sidney Peel, "Nicholas Culpeper, soldier, phy- 
 sician, astrologer, and politician," Nineteenth 
 Centurv, London, 1898, xliii. pp. 755-763. 
 
 CULTOR. 
 
 Cultor Spagiricae Medicinse. 
 
 See ZWEY schone Chymische Tractatlein. 
 
CULTORCURIOSE 193 
 
 CULTOR. Continued. 
 
 Griindlicher Spagyrischer Wissenschaften Cultor. 
 See COELUM Philosophorum, 1739. 
 
 CUNRAD (CONRAD). 
 
 See KHUNRATH (CONRAD). 
 
 CURIEUSE Anmerckungen. 
 
 See DELICIJE Medicae, 1706. 
 
 CURIEUSE Gedancken, von der wahren Alchymia, insonderheit dessen Prima 
 Materia, nebst volliger Anweisung zu Praeparirung des Lapidis Philosophorum 
 und Universal-Medicin, mit alien darzu nothigen Handgriffen und Observa- 
 tionibus treuhertzig entdecket, von einem Liebhaber der curieusen 
 Wissenschaften und Membro des Collegii Curiosorum in Teutschland. 
 Gedruckt im Jahr 1702. 
 
 Without place and printer's name. 
 
 8. Pp. [60]. Folding engraved frontispiece, with portraits of Basil Valentine and 
 Paracelsus. 
 
 The first chapter contains short notices of The historical notes are of some interest. The 
 
 reputed authentic cases of transmutation, the anonymity of this tract seems to have been well 
 
 second treats of the character of a true alchemist, preserved, for it was not known to Gervasius, the 
 
 and the third of the first matter and how it is to be editor of the work of Abraham Eleazar (q.v.) 
 
 prepared, and how ' projection ' is to be made. Vorrede, sig. X 4 recto. 
 
 CURIEUSE Untersuchung etlicher Mineralien, Thiere und Krauter, insonder- 
 heit derer sich die Sophisten in pneparirung des Lapidis bedienen. Nebst 
 Entdeckung der meisten hierbey vorfallenden Sophistereyen und falschen 
 Processen, wie auch volliger Anweisung zu der wahren Materie, und rechten 
 Bereitung des Philosophischen Steins, mit alien darzu nothigen Handgriffen 
 und Observationibus treuhertzig mitgetheilet, von einem Liebhaber der 
 curieusen Wissenschafften und Membro des Collegii Curiosorum in Teutsch- 
 land. Gedruckt im Jahr 1703. 
 
 8. Pp. [72]. Folding frontispiece as in the Citrituse Gedancken. It is a revised 
 and enlarged edition of that tract. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarofi, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1242. 
 
 CURIOSE CHYMICUS (DER). 
 
 Der Curiose Chymicus, oder curioses Laboratorium Medico-Chymicum, &c. 
 Der Curiose Medicus, oder sonderbare curiose Anleitung zur Medicin, &c. 
 Der Curiose 'Chirurgus, oder curioser Begriff der Wund-Artzney, nebst einer 
 vortrefflichen Frantzosen-Kur, Bericht von Aderlassen, Schropffen, &c. Mit 
 Beyfugung eines curiosen Urin Biichleins, wie die Wasser der Kranken zu 
 besehen. Drefsden und Leipzig, Verlegtens Joh. Christoph Mieths Erben. 
 1719. 
 
 8. Pp. [2]. Medicus, 48 ; Part ii. 202. Laboratorium, 185, Index [7]. 
 Chirurgus, 122, Index [5, i blank], Urin-biichlein, 31 [i blank]. Each tract has 
 an elaborate title-page included in the pagination. The above is the general title, 
 which is printed in red and black. 
 
 N 
 
194 CURIOSE- CXXX 
 
 CURIOSE CHYM1CUS (DER). Continued. 
 
 Der Curiose Chymicus, oder curioses Laboratorium Medico-Chymicum, &c. 
 Der Curiose Medicus, oder sonderbahre curiose Anleitung zur Medicin, &c. 
 Der Curiose Chirurgus, oder curioser Begriff der Wund-Artzney, nebst einer 
 vortrefflichen Frantzosen-Cur, Bericht von Aderlassen, Schropffen, etc. Mit 
 Beyfiigung eines curiosen Urin-Biichleins, wie die Wasser derer Krancken 
 .xu besehen. Urefsden und Leipzig, Bey Gottlob Christian Hilschern, 
 privil. Hof-Buchfiihrer, 1745. 
 
 8. Pp. Laboratorium, 185 [7]. Medicus, 1743,48'; Part ii. 202 [mistake for -192-]. 
 Chirurgus, 122 fi blank]. Urin-Biichlein, 31 [5, i blank]. The general title is misplaced 
 in front of Part ii. of the Medicus, which has no separate title of its own. The other 
 tracts have separate titles. This is a reprint of the 1719 edition. The book does not 
 treat of chemistry or alchemy, but of medicine and surgery, and the preparation and 
 application of drugs. 
 
 CXXX Grund-Satze. 
 
 See HUNDERT und dreissig Grund-Satze. 
 
D. (M. C. M.}-DALE 195 
 
 D. (M. C. M.), i.e. Martinus Copus, Medicinae Doctor. 
 See CEPHALUS (ARIOPONUS). 
 
 D. (W. G. L.). 
 
 See s * * * 
 
 See Respour. 
 D. (H. V.). 
 
 D. (R. E. J.). 
 
 Elias der Artist, eine Abhandlung von der kiinstlichen Metallverwandlung. 
 See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEF wiLHELM), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 
 1771, I. i. p. 181. 
 
 .D. . . . 
 
 Le Grand Livre de la Nature, ou 1'Apocalypse Philosophique et Herrnetique. 
 Ouvrage curieux, dans lequel on traite de la philosophic occulte, de 1'intelli- 
 gence des hieroglyphics des anciens, de la Socie"te des Freres de la Rose-Croix, 
 de la transmutation des metaux & de la communication de 1'homme avec des 
 etres superieurs & intermediaires entre lui & le grand architecte. Vu par une 
 Socie'te de Ph. . . . Inc. ... & public par D. . . . Depuis I, jusqu' a 
 1'an 1790. Au Midi, et de I'lmprimerie de la verite. 
 8. Pp. 115 [i blank]. Woodcut. 
 
 " Oeuvre d'un imbecile ou d'un mauvais plai- of hermetic terms which it contains is. a mere 
 
 sant," is Ladrague's comment (Bibliotheque synonymy. At the end are receipts to produce 
 
 Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 601). recondite things : a water to soften metals, the 
 
 Possibly. It seems to be an allegorical account lamp of life, and sd on. 
 of initiation and transmutation. The dictionary 
 
 DALE (SAMUEL). 
 
 Samuelis Dalei, M. L. Pharmacologia, seu Manuductio ad Materiam Medicam : 
 in qua Medicamenta Officinalia Simplicia, hoc est Mineralia, Vegetabilia, 
 Animalia eorumque partes in Medicinae Officinis usitata, in Methodum 
 naturalem digesta succincte & accurate describuntur. Cum Notis Generum 
 Characteristicis Specierum Synonymis, Differentiis & Viribus. Opus Medicis, 
 Philosophis, Pharmacopceis, Chirurgis, &c., utilissimum. Ad calcem 
 
196 
 
 DALEDANDOLO 
 
 DALE (SAMUEL). Continued. 
 
 adjiciuntur Indices necessarii. Quarta Editio, Indice Gallico, Germanico, 
 Belgico aucta. 
 
 o /3ios (Spaxvs, 7j 8e Te^y?/ fjLaKpt'j. Hipp. Lib. I. Aphor I. 
 
 Lugduni Batavorum. Impensis Job. Arnold. Langerak. M DCC.XXXIX. 
 
 4, Pp. [4] vii. [5] 459 [51]. Fine Portrait of Dale. 
 
 Samuel Dale, son of a silk-thrower, St. Mary, 
 Whitechapel, was born between 1658 and 1660. In 
 1674 he was apprenticed to an apothecary, 
 practised as a physician and apothecary at Brain- 
 tree, in Essex, in 1686, was a diligent naturalist, 
 botanist, and pharmacologist, and a man of no 
 small learning and acquirements. He was a 
 friend of Ray, the naturalist, and Sir Hans Sloane, 
 contributed papers to the Royal Society, and, 
 besides the Pharmacologia, wrote an appendix to 
 the History and Antiquities of Harwich and 
 Dovercourt, by Silas Taylor, containing an account 
 of the natural history of the locality. It was 
 published in 1730, and again in 1732. His 
 herbarium is now in the British Museum ; a 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Ckemica, 1727, p. 53. 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Script 'or urn Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 159 (reviews of the book). 
 
 Stolle, A nleitnng z ur Histoire der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 700, 701. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodroimis Bibliothecs Metallic^, 
 
 1732, p. 47. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, 1751, i. 
 p. 158 (commended). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 14, 
 690. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 795. 
 
 portrait of him in oil is in Apothecaries' Hall ; 
 an engraving of him at 78 years of age is pre- 
 fixed to the present edition, and there is one 
 by Vertue in the third edition which is repro- 
 duced in the Journal of Botany. Dale died 6 
 June, 1739, and was buried at Bocking, near 
 Braintree. 
 
 The Pharmacologia was first published at Lon- 
 don in 1693, 8 ; again with a supplement in 1705 ; 
 and ed., 1710; 3rd ed. , 1737. Editions were 
 printed abroad: Bremse, 1707, 1713; Lugd. Bat., 
 1730 and the above. 
 
 The Pharmacologia is still quoted as an 
 authority on the introduction of certain substances 
 as drugs. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historiqite de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 12. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practice, 1788, iv. 
 p. 126. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratiir, 
 1806-08, p. 206. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors) 
 p. 280 v. 
 
 Journal of Botany, 1883, xxi, pp. 193-7 ; 225- 
 231 (article by G. S. Boulger). 
 
 Dictionary of National Biographv, 1888, xiii, 
 p. 385 (article by G. S. Boulger). 
 
 DANDOLO (VINCENZO). 
 
 Trattato Elementare di Chimica presentato in un ordine nuovo dietro le 
 scoperte moderne ; con Figure : del Sig. Lavoisier dell' Accademia delle 
 Scienze, della Societa Reale di Medicina, delle Societa d'Agricoltura di Parigi, 
 e di Orleans, della Societa Reale di Londra, dell' Instituto di Bologna, della 
 Societa Elvetica di Basilea, di quella di Filadelfia, Harlem, Mancester, Padova, 
 ec. Recato dalla Francese nell' Italiana favella e corredato di Annotazioni 
 da Vincenzo Dandolo Veneto Edizione seconda corretta, ed ampliata di due 
 Dissertazioni inedite dell' Autore sulla respirazione e sulla traspirazione, 
 e di nuove annotazioni del Traduttore. Tomo Primo. In Venezia, Dalle 
 Stampe di Antonio Zatta e Figli. CID.IDCC.XCII. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-4] 5-399 [i blank]. 2 folding tables. 
 
 Tomo Seconda. 
 
 Pp. viii. 305 [3 blank]. 13 plates. 
 
 The third and fourth volumes have separate titles as follow : 
 
 Esame delle Afnnita' Chimiche e di tutti i relativi sistemi de' piu' celebri 
 Chimici d' Europa. Opera del Sig. Morveau Socio di moltissime Accademie Recata 
 dalla francese nell' italiana favella da Vincenzo Dandolo Veneto coll' aggiunta di 
 alcune annotazioni, che serve di supplemento alia Traduzione del Trattato Elementare 
 di Chimica del Sig. Lavoisier. Edizione seconda corretta, ed ampliata di due Disserta- 
 zioni del Sig. Lavoisier e di molte annotazioni del Traduttore. Tomo Terzo. T " 
 Venezia, Dalle Stampe di Antonio Zatta e Figli. cn.iocc.xcii. 
 
 8 . Pp. viii. 296, 
 
 In 
 
DANDOLODARIOT 197 
 
 DANDOLO (VINCENZO). Continued. 
 
 Dizionarii Vecchio e Niiovo Nuovo e V'ecchio di Nonienclatura Chimica il secondo 
 de' quali contiene la chiave e le regole del nuovo sistema di Chimica di Vincenzo 
 Dandolo Veneto che serve di Supplemento at Trattato Elementare di Chimica del Sig. 
 Lavoisier; Trasportato in Italiano dal Francese, con note dell' Autore suddetto. 
 Edizione secouda corretta, ed ampliata di due Dissertazioni inedite del Sig. Lavoisier 
 e di varie annotazioni del Traduttore. Tomo Quarto. In Venezia, Dalle Stampe 
 di Antonio Zatta e Figli. CID.IDCC.XCII. 
 
 8. Pp. viii. 234. 46. 
 The two dissertations are on respiration and on transpiration. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Count Vincenzo Dandolo was born at Venice Varese near Como. He was a member of the 
 
 6 (or 26) Oct., 1758. He was a wealthy proprietor Institute Italiauo and of the Societa Italiana, and 
 
 who took an active share in the events which led to occupied himself with the breeding of sheep, the 
 
 the fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797, became production of silk, manufacture of grape sugar, 
 
 a member of the great Council of the Cisalpine osnology, and wrote on these and other economical 
 
 Republic, lived much in Paris, was governor of subjects. He was the author also of a work : 
 
 Dalmatia for five years under Napoleon, and Fundament i della scienza chimico-fisica, Venezia, 
 
 finally retired and lived privately on his estate at 1795. He died at Varese 12 (13) Dec., 1819. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. cent Dandolo," in BMtotUgm Universelle de 
 
 290, 652. Geneve, Nouvelle SeYie, 1839, xxi. p. 94. 
 
 QueYard, La France littfraire, 1830, ii. p. 381. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Matthieu Bonafous, "Eloge historique de Vin- ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 517. 
 
 DANIELLI (RIGINO), lustinopolitano. 
 Canzone. 
 
 Sec NAZARI (GIOVANNI BATTISTA), Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 1599, 
 P- 159- 
 
 Morel (Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 72), quotes memoratus," doubtless the same person. But I do 
 
 this poem : " Danielis lustinopolitani Cantilena not observe his name in Lagneus' " Harmonia 
 
 Chimica, ex Nasari"and under a separate head- Chimica," which I presume is the work Borel 
 
 ing: "Daniel de lustinopoli, Chimicus, a Lagneo refers to. 
 
 DARCET (JEAN). 
 
 See ARCET (JEAN D'). 
 
 DARIOT (CLAUDE). 
 
 Die gulden Arch, Schatz : vnd Kunstkammer, in drey theil vnderscheiden. Im 
 ersten werden aufsfuhrlich verhandlet drey Gesprach von Spargirischer prepara- 
 tion vnd zubereitung der Artzneyen. Als warumb die nicht allein von den 
 Vegetabilibus vnd Animabilibus, sondern auch die von den Minerabilibus, 
 hergenommene eintzele Medicamenta anderst als bifshero von den Gallenisten 
 beschehen, sollen vnd miissen praepariert werden, vnd dann auch wie selbige 
 preparation recht vnd wol vollbracht werden solle. Im andern vnd letsten 
 Theil hat der Kunstbegierige Leser vieler als der furnembsten aufserlesenisten 
 Philosophorum, Medicorum vnd Spargicorum (sic) Geschrifften vnd Biicher. 
 Allen der Chimei Liebhabern, sonderlich den Jungen angehenden nutzlich zu 
 lesen. Durch M. Claudium Dariotum bestellten Stattartzt zu Beaulne, in 
 Frantzosischer Sprach beschrieben. Nun aber insonderheit der Kunst 
 Liebhabern ins Teutsch mit sonderbarem fleifs vbergesetzt, durch I. A. M. D. 
 Den Catalogum aller Tractatlein findt man gleich nach der Vorred, deren 
 etliche mit Figuren gezieret. Getruckt zu Basel, In verlegung des Authorn. 
 M.DC.XIV. 
 
 4. Pp. [20]. 309 (for 307) [i blank]. 8 woodcuts of apparatus in the text. Title 
 red and black. 
 
DARIOT (CLAUDE). Continued. 
 
 Part I. by Dariot contains a discourse on the 
 way of curing illness, on the preparation of medi- 
 cines with drawings of the apparatus, the proper 
 
 times to collect plants and herbs for medicinal use. 
 Part II. has a separate title-page.. 
 
 Der ander Theil. Der guldin Arch, .Schatz : vnd Kunst-kammer. Viler als dtr 
 furnembsten aufserlesisten, Philosophischer vnd Spagirischer alter vnd neuwer Tractaten, 
 Schrifften vnd Biicher darinnen der wahre Philosophische Stein mit sampt der Prepara- 
 tion vnd Zubereitung eigentlich zufinden. Alles durch bemelte M. Clauditim Dariotum 
 bestelten Stattartzt zu Beaulne, in Frahtzosischer sprach beschrieben. Jetzund aber der 
 Kunst Liebhabern ins Teutsch mit sonderm rleifs vbersetzt durch I. A. M. D. Deren 
 Catalogus gleich nach der Vorred zu finden. [Vignette.] Getruckt zu Basel, In 
 verlegung des Authorn. M. DC. XIV. 
 
 Pp. [6, 2 blank] 303. [i blank.] The vignette represents the ark and the deluge. 
 
 The tracts contained in this part are : 
 
 1. Von der Bereitung des gebenedeyten Philoso- 
 phischen Steins, Caspar Hartung von Hof, p. i. 
 
 2. De Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophorum 
 (in Verse), p. 15. 
 
 3. Vollkommener Bericht vnd Handgriff, in 
 Zubereitung des Lapidis Philosophorum, und 
 Tincturre Physicse, p. 25. 
 
 4. Liber Secretorum loannis de Padua de 
 Lapide Philosophorum. Liber primus, p. 32. 
 
 5. Liber Secretoruni_ loannis de Padua de 
 Lapide Philosophorum. Liber secundus, p. 54. 
 
 6. Liber Secretorum loannis de Padua de 
 Lapide Philosophorum. Liber tertius, p. 62. 
 
 7. Clavis Philosophise Chemicae, p. 123. 
 
 8. Grundtlicher Bericht, was die warhafftige 
 Kunst Alchemia jnnhalte vnd vermag, in Via 
 Vniversali & Particulari, p. 163. 
 
 9. Hortus Diuitiarum. Der Garten der Reich- 
 thumb aller Weifsheit Gottes, in 20 Capitel aufsge- 
 theilt vnd beschrieben, p. 190. 
 
 10. Ein Werck von. der Alchemey, vnd ist 
 getheilt in 12 Cap., p. 212. 
 
 11. Zwo Tincturen auff- Weifs vnd Roth, p. 230. 
 
 12. De Lapide per Aquam mercurialem, p. 239. 
 
 13. Ein Mercurij Arbeit, vnd Augment mit dem 
 Mercurio Lunae, p. 245. 
 
 14. Ein Tractatlein, in welchem etliche schonc 
 Particular Stiicldein begriffen sind, p. 257. 
 
 15. Ein schon Stuck von Doctor Schencken, 
 p. 270. 
 
 16. Von dem Antimonio Philosophonim, non 
 Vulgi, p. 279. 
 
 Von der Natur vnd Eigenschafft defs Ami 
 (d. h. defs Philosophischen Steins), p. 282. 
 
 17. Oleum Antimonii : Die Fixatio, sein Quintu 
 Essen. Caspar Eberlein (or, Oberlein), p. 293. 
 
 Der dritte vnd letste Theil Der guldin Arch, Schatz : vnd Kunn-kammer (sic). 
 Noch mehr, der allerfiirnembste, furtrefrlichsten, aufserlesene, herzlichsten vnd 
 bewartesten Authoren Schrifften vnd Biicher, deren bifsher in vnser Teutschen Sprach 
 keine gesehen noch an tag komnien sindt. Alles mit sonderem fleifs durch mehr- 
 bemelten M. Glaudium (sic) Dariotum bestelten Stadtartzt zu Beaulne, in Frantzosischer 
 sprach beschrieben. Vnd alles mit sonderem rleifs der Kunst Liebhabern ins Teutsch 
 geschrifftlich vbersetzt, durch I. A. M. D. Inhalt aller Tractaten finden sich gleich 
 nach der Vorred, deren etliche mit schonen Figuren geziert. [Vignette.] Getruckt 
 zu Basel, In verlegung des Authorn. M.DC.XIV. 
 
 Pp. [6, 2 blank] 278 [2 blank], 
 the deluge. 
 
 13 woodcuts. The vignette represents the ark and 
 
 List of tracts in the third part: 
 
 1. Von Offenbarung der Philosophischen Materien 
 vnd Dingen, aufs welchem vollbracht wird die 
 Meisterschafft inn wiirckung defs edlen vnd gebene- 
 deyten Steins der Philosophen, welches getheilt 
 wird in 18 Capitel, p. i. 
 
 2. Thesaurus Philosophise Euferarij. Schatz der 
 Philosophey, p. 17. 
 
 3. Tractatus darinn das gantze Secret der 
 Alchimey vom Stein der Weisen begriffen ist, 
 p. 38. 
 
 4.- Lux lucens in Tenebris, p. 55. 
 5. Tractatus de Vitriolo Philosophorum. Vom 
 Philosophischen Vitriol, p. 62. 
 6.. Oleum Vitrioli, p. 73. 
 
 7. Experimenta Raimundi Lullij, vnd seiner 
 Mitgenossen, p. 88. 
 
 8. Das Buch der natiirlichen Philosophey der 
 
 Claude Dariot was born at Poniard, near 
 Beaune, in Burgundy, and ultimately became town 
 physician of Beaune. He was a follower of Para- 
 celsus, 'homo paracelsicus, ' and translated the 
 Magna Chintrgia into French, 1589, 1593, 1603, 
 1608. He cultivated astrological physic, and 
 wrote a work on Critical days, Lyons, 1557 ; 
 
 Metallen, defs edlen vnd hochgelehrten Herrn 
 Dionisij Zacharij Galli, p. 169. 
 
 9. Ein Streit und Gesprach defs Golds vnd 
 Mercurij, wider den Stein der Weysen, p. 217. 
 
 10. Etliche Korndorffische Particularia, p, 227. 
 
 11. Spiegel der Philosophic, mit schonen Figuren 
 geziert, p. 244. 
 
 Pp. 73-88 inclusive are wanting. They include 
 the conclusion of No. 5, the whole of 6, and the 
 beginning of 7. 
 
 As most of the tracts in Parts II. and III. are 
 contained in other collections, the title of each 
 should be consulted in the present Catalogue. 
 
 Parts' II. and III. of this book are simply 
 reprinted from the second volume of Trissmosinus' 
 Aureum Vellus published at Basel in 1604. The 
 whole work appeared afterwards in 1708 under the 
 title Eroffnete Geheimnisse des Steins der Weiseii. 
 
 was a believer in chemical medicines, and in 
 transmutation, and compiled a treatise, De Prcc- 
 paratione Medicamentomm, Lugd. 1582. He 
 died in 1594. 
 
 The present collection purports to have been in 
 French, but it is not mentioned by his biographers, 
 and the German version is the more familiar. 
 
DA RIO T~DA US TEN 
 
 199 
 
 DARIOT (CLAUDE). Continued. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Mcdicis Libri //. , 
 i 6 37. P- 102. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654. p. 73. (His 
 name is misprinted ' L. Dariot. ') 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 182. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicoruni, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 162. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrlcii- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 34. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca. Botanica, 1771, i. p. 362. 
 
 Lc's Bibliothequet, Francoises de La Croix Dn 
 .\fai>ie et de Du Verdier, ed. Juvigny : 1772 (Du 
 Maine), i. p. 135 ; 1772 (Du Verdier), i. p. 330. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Mediciruc practice?, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 119, 236. 
 
 Eloy, Diction naire HistoriqM de la Mt'dcc/nc, 
 1778, ii. p. 7. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Cheniie, 1785, 
 p. 598. 
 
 (iinelin, Geschichte der Cliemie, 1797, i. p. 330. 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1830- 
 25), iii. p. 384. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, in. 
 
 P- 533. 
 
 Biographie Uiiiverselle, 1852, x. p. 133. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Afcdicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 285. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1855, xiii. col. 114. 
 
 Ladrague, Bioliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1606. 
 
 Mook, Theophrastus Paracelsus, 1876, Nos. 165, 
 174, 186. 
 
 Dictionnaire EncyclopMique des Sciences Me"di- 
 cales, 1880, x.xv. p. 645. 
 
 Ferguson, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1885, 
 Part ii., No. 95. 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp. 
 366, 414, 433, 476. 
 
 1) AUSTEN (JOHN). 
 
 Johannis Daustenii Angli Rosarium secretissimum philosophorum arcanum 
 comprehendens. Geismariae, Typis Salomonis Schadewitz Sumptibus Sebaldi 
 Kohlers. M. DC.XLVII. 
 
 8. Pp. no. Rosarium, pp. 3-100. Visio, pp. loi-no. 
 
 Gmelin quotes an edition : Rosarium Correctius, Hainb. 1675, 8, and in the Alchymistisch Sieben- 
 Gestirn, 1697. 
 
 [Visio ejusdem Johannis Daustenij, Angli.] 
 
 s. 1. & a. 8. Pp. 200-208. 
 This is a fragment from a copy of the Alchymistisch Sicbcn-Gestirn, 1675. 
 
 Rosarium, in welchem das allergeheimeste Geheimnufs vom Stein der Weisen 
 verschlossen. 
 
 See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- 99- 
 
 See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, .1772, p. 119. 
 
 Rosarium, arcanum Philosophorum secretissimum Comprehendens. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 309. 
 
 Ro"sarium vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 303 (extracts). 
 
 Visio. 
 
 Sec ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, p. 200. 
 See ALCHYMISTISCH Sieben-Gestirn, 1772, p. 231. 
 
 Visio. 
 
 See GIN/ECKUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 54 8 - 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 324; 
 
 Of this writer nothing is known with certainty. 
 His name appears as Dastin, Uastyn, Dastyne, 
 Daustein, Dauston, Daustin, and while most 
 writers, probably copying one another, place him 
 early in the fourteenth century 1311, 1315, 1320, 
 are dates which have been assigned to him and his 
 works, and call him a contemporary of Cremcr 
 and Lully Ritson puts him at the beginning of 
 the sixteenth century. Ashmole was of opinion 
 that his work was " turned into English verse by 
 some later philosopher ; for in his days we meet 
 with no such refined Flnglish." But he proposes 
 no date either for the original or for the para- 
 
 phrase. Borel quotes a letter said to have been 
 addressed by him to Pope John XXII., but some 
 sifting and criticism would be required before such 
 a document could be accepted as evidence on a 
 question of date like the present. If genuine it 
 would suit the earlier period above mentioned. 
 Borel, further, calls him Cardinal St. Adrianus, 
 but that statement seems to be due to his having 
 confused Dausten with the person to whom he 
 wrote a dedication prefixed to one of his tracts. 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, however, goes further, and 
 says that after examining the list of cardinals he 
 could not find this one among them. 
 
200 
 
 DA USTElV-VA VIS SON 
 
 DAUSTEN (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 Others term him a monk who reduced himself to 
 poverty by his search for transmutation, while Bale 
 and Tanner and Pits declare him to have been the 
 very foremost alchemist of his time Tanner says : 
 " Alchemisticte artis relate sua primus, et in 
 Anglia magister unicus" in which case Ashmole 
 thinks that "if he were master of so much learning 
 as they confess him to be, and his poverty were not 
 voluntary, he might have advanced himself to 
 riches when he pleased." 
 
 Several works appear under his name in the 
 notices given by Pits and by Borel, and a list of 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensce, 1617, p. 458. 
 
 Pitseus, Relationes Historiccs de Rebus Anglic is, 
 1619, i. p. 871. 
 
 . Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicinn, 
 1652, p. 257, and Notes, p. 472. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chitnica, 1654, p. 73. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 569. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 27, No. xxxvii. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Cliemica, 1727, p. 54. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca I^atina media et infiintc 
 tetatis, 1734, Lib. iv. p. 39. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 227, 468 ; iii. p. 145. 
 
 Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748, 
 p. 219. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Tlu i. p. 64. 
 
 his MSS. with the places where they are preserved 
 is given by Tanner. 
 
 Maier's statement that Dausten " left behind him 
 a considerable Chemicall tract, which Janus 
 Lacinius hath put in his Collections," could not be 
 checked by Ashmole, as he had not been able to 
 see Lacinius' Pretiosa Margarita novella, which he 
 supposed might be the book meant, nor could he 
 say which of Dausten's writings were printed there. 
 The name of Dausten does not occur in that 
 collection, and it is not easy to identify any 
 writing by him, which, besides, might possibly 
 have been taken from a MS. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichtt der Cheinie, 1797, i. p. 53. 
 
 Kitson, Bibliographia Poctica, a Catalogue of 
 Engleish Poets, London, 1802, p. 181. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichtt der Alchemie, 1832, p. 164. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 410 ; 
 1866, i. p. 434. 
 
 Biographie Universe lit, 1852, x. p. 151. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Generate, 1855, xiii. col. 
 149. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliothcquc Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 786. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 340, 353, 376. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1888, xiv. 
 p. 89. 
 
 Bale, Index Britannue Scriptorum, edited by 
 R. L. Poole and Mary Bateson (Anecdota Oxoni- 
 ensia), 1902, p. 196. 
 
 DAVID (GOTTFRIED). 
 
 Godfridi Davidis, Unnensis, Phil, et Med. Doct. Reverendiss. et Sereniss. Elect. 
 Colon. &c. &c. Ducatus VVestphalici Medici, Discursus Medico-Chimicus 
 De Medicina Magnatum. 
 
 Sirac. c. 38. v. 3. 
 
 Disciplina Medici in Conspectu magnatum collaudabitur. 
 Tremonise, Typis Johannis Friderici Riihlii, Anno M.DC.LXXXI. 
 8. Pp. [4 blank] [12] 150 [i, i blank). 
 
 a celeberrimis Medicis Magnatibus commendantur ; 
 and these are grouped under certain classes. 
 
 Art. III. De aureo electoral! pulvere. 
 
 The book therefore contains some curious 
 historical matter, and is an almost unique one on 
 the subject. 
 
 Haller, followed by Gmelin, gives the place of 
 publication as Bremaj, 1681. Such simultaneous 
 publication is not impossible, but it seems more 
 probable that Bremoe is a misprint for Tremoniae 
 which besides may have been a less familiar name. 
 I am not aware of any other mention of such an 
 edition. 
 
 Nothing is known about the author, except that 
 he was a physician at Unna, in Westphalia, whence 
 called Unnensis, and had a frater Germanus, 
 David David, a lawyer, and "Consul Unnensis." 
 
 This book, which appears to be all that he 
 wrote, contains a Praeloquium and three articles. 
 The Praeloquium is a short history of all the 
 deities, kings, nobles, and other persons of rank 
 who have practised or patronised medicine. 
 
 Art. I. De Magnatum Medicina, quam Magnates 
 vel ipsi praeparare vel titulo condecorare dignati 
 sunt. 
 
 Art. II. De Medicamentis, quae virtute & precio 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 355. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 162. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelthr ten- lexicon, 1740, 
 P- 243- v 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina; practices, 1779, 
 iii. p. 495. 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Cheinie, 1798, n. p. 259. 
 
 DAVISSON (WILLIAM). 
 
 Commentaria in Idaeam Medicinae Philosophic^ Petri Severini Dani, Medici 
 incomparabilis & Philosophi sublimis: Ad faciliorem difficultatum enoda- 
 tionem, quae in ipso, propter Lectoris in Philosophia Veterum parum forsan 
 
DAVISSON D. D. K. 
 
 2o 1 
 
 DAVISSON (WILLIAM). Continued. 
 
 versati defecturn, apparere videntur, adituni praebentia. Opera & studio 
 Willielmi Davissoni Nobilis Scoti ; Cliristianissimi Galliarum & Navarrae Regis 
 Consiliarii & Medici; domus portique Plantarum Medicinalium, qui Parisiis 
 in suburbio S. Victoris est, olim Praefecti : Nunc autem S. Regias Majestatis 
 Polonirc & Suecire senioris Archiatri cS: Chemici ; S. Reginalis itidem Majestatis 
 Personoo Medici. Hagoa-Comitis, Ex Typographia Adriani Vlacq. 
 
 M.DC.LXIII. 
 
 4. Pp. 259. [i blank]. 
 
 This is the commentary. In 1660, same place of Severinus, and a later edition, Rotterdam, 1668, 
 and printer, there had appeared Commentarlonim is mentioned. The present work and the Pro- 
 . . . Prodrumus, 4, pp. 708, along with the Idea dromus are quite different. 
 
 Sec SEVERINUS (PETRUS), Idea Medicime Philosophica:, 1660. 
 
 Davidson, Davison, Davisson, D'Avissone or his name recorded in this place: and after him." 
 
 In 1650 he resigned these appointments to become 
 
 D'Avissonus, Davidsoune, for the spelling varies, 
 was born about 1593 in Aberdeenshire. According 
 to his patent of descent he was well connected and 
 could fairly call himself ' Nobilis Scotus ' (Prodro- 
 mus Comment., p. 424). After graduating as doctor 
 of Medicine he went to Paris about 1620. When 
 the Jardin des Plantes was founded he was 
 appointed the first Professor of Chemistry, a 
 position he acquired doubtless by the reputation 
 he had for his knowledge of the subject, and he 
 was also Councillor and physician to the king, 
 and keeper of the garden in 1648. Writing in 
 1652 Sir Thomas Urquhart says : " The excellency 
 of Doctor William Davisson in Alchymy, above 
 all the men now living in the world, whereof by his 
 wonderful experiments he giveth daily proof, al- 
 though his learned books published in the Latino 
 tongue did not evidence it, meriteth well to have 
 
 Sir Thomas Urquhart, The Discovery of a most 
 exquisite Jewel, London, 1652, p. 213. 
 
 Mercklin, I.indenius renovatus, 1686, p. 372. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, Addit. p. 136. The ' Prodromus' 
 was attacked by Schelhammer. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire Historique, 1730, Art. Morin, 
 iii. p. 424, note B. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Serif torum Mediconim, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 163. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 243. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hcrmetiqiie, 1742, iii. pp. 3, 145. 
 
 Jucher, Allgenteines Gelchrten- Lexicon, 1750, 
 ii. col. 52. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 484. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mt'decinc, 
 1778, ii. p. 12. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca; Medicines practice, 1779, 
 iii. pp. 25, 97. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 604. 
 
 Biographic Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 402. 
 
 physician to John C'asimir, King of Poland. He 
 died in that country about 1669. His portrait 
 painted by D. Schultz was engraved by P. Loni- 
 bart. It was reproduced in Small's paper. 
 
 Besides the commentary on Severinus, he wrote 
 also a text book on Chemistry : Philosophia Pyro- 
 technica, 1633-35, 1640-42, 1641, 1646, 1657; the 
 French translation by Hellot in 1657, and one by 
 Davidson himself in 1675. If there be such an 
 edition it must have appeared after his death. 
 Oblatio Salts, Paris, 1641, 8 ; Observations siir 
 fantimoine, Paris, 1651 ; Plicomastix , Danzig, 
 1668 ; Collectanea Chimica Medico-Philosophica, 
 Antwerp, 1698. 
 
 One of the most notable sections in the Philo- 
 sophia Pyrotechnica is that on crystallography, 
 which is illustrated by an engraved plate of crystals. 
 
 Granger, Biographical History of England, 1824, 
 v. p. 228. 
 
 Catalogues of Scottish Writers, Edinburgh, 1833, 
 pp. 82, 115. 
 
 The Book of Bon-Accord, Aberdeen, 1839, p. 316. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 242 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 234. 
 
 Kppp, Geschichte der Chemie,iZ^, ii. p. 18. 
 
 Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn, F. R.S. , 
 1850, i. p. 254. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1852, x. p. 217. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 518. 
 
 Poggendorft", Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wbrterbitch, 1863, i. col. 527. 
 
 John Small, "Notice of William Davidson, 
 M.D.," Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries 
 of Scotland, vol. x. 1872-73, p. 265. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopldique des Sciences Me'di- 
 ca/es, i ere SeYie, 1882, xxvi. p. 49. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1888, xiv. p. 
 182. (Article by F. F. Henderson. ) 
 
 Biographical notices are given also in the 
 Prodromus, pp. 407, 424, etc. 
 
 D. D. K. DESTILLIR-KUNST, worinnen die raresten bereitesten kiinstlichen 
 Stiicke, nebst einem Anhang einiger chymischen approbirten Kunst-Stiicke, 
 welche bisher sehr geheim gehalten worden, wie auch etlicher bewahrten 
 und curieusen Experimenter). Leipzig, Verlegts Adam Wilhelm Kiefsling, 
 
 1753. 
 
 8. Pp. 120. Woodcut of a furnace. 
 
 Both parts consist of a number of methods for preparing compounds of gold, 
 antimony, mercury, copper, etc., etc., partly for medical and partly for technical 
 purposes, and partly also for what was called or thought to be transmutation. 
 
bEANDEE 
 
 DEAN (EDMUND). 
 
 See NORTON (SAMUEL), 1630, 1667. 
 
 DEE (JOHN). 
 
 Monas Hieroglyphica. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 1 78. 
 
 Rogerii Baconis Angli Epistola de Secretis Operibus Artis et Naturae et de 
 
 Nullitate Magiae Opera Johannis Dee ... ad sensum integrum restituta 
 
 Nunc vero cum notis quibusdam partim ipsius Johannis Dee, partim edentis. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. 
 
 p. 287. 
 See also BACON (ROGER). 
 
 John Dee was born at London 13 July, 1527, was 
 educated there and at Chelmsford, and entered St. 
 John's College, Cambridge, in 1542, was B.A. in 
 1544-5, and. fellow 1545-6. He was one of the 
 original fellows of Trinity, and taught Greek. In 
 1547 he visited Holland, and on his return brought 
 some astronomical instruments which he gave to 
 Trinity. He graduated M.A. in 1548. Thereafter 
 he studied at Louvain and went to Paris in i =550 and 
 taught Mathematics. He returned to England and 
 shortly after he was tried on a charge of attempt- 
 ing to poison Queen Mary. He was acquitted and 
 set at liberty. In 1562 he went to Antwerp to 
 arrange about printing the Monas Hieroglyphica, 
 proceeded to Venice and later to Presburg in 
 Hungary, to present the dedication copy to the 
 Emperor, Maximilian II., and on his return to 
 England he explained the meaning of it to Queen 
 Elizabeth. She seems to have had a partiality for 
 Dee and his occult science, for she had interviews 
 with him more than once and held discourse 
 with him about it, but like Cornelius Agrippa 
 Dee got more promises of preferment than actual 
 appointments from those who had such in their 
 gift. When he was unwell, however, the Queen 
 sent her own physician to him. In 1574 the Queen 
 visited him at Mortlake and was shown his magic 
 crystal, in 1577 he went to Windsor to deliver his 
 views on a comet which had appeared, and again 
 in -i 578 he was consulted about the Queen's health 
 and was sent to Germany to discuss her symptoms 
 with physicians there. In 1580 he received another 
 visit from the Queen, and in 1582 he was busy with 
 the alteration of the Calendar. Dee's reputation as 
 an alchemist brought him into contact with Edward 
 Kelley, or Talbot, and for a couple of years they 
 carried on experiments and began those conferences 
 with spirits which were recorded and published 
 long afterwards by Meric Casaubon in 1659, in a 
 folio volume. They went off in company to Cracow, 
 and no sooner were they gone than a mob broke 
 into his house at Mortlake and destroyed books and 
 instruments. Dee tried to find favour with Rudolph 
 II. and Stephen of Poland, but to no purpose. 
 They went to Prague, then to Erfurt and Cassel, 
 and at last to Triibau in Bohemia. In 1586 he 
 declined the otter of an appointment in Russia, and 
 continued his spiritual conferences. Finally Dee 
 and Kelley parted company in 1588-89, Kelley 
 returned to Prague and Dee came on to England, 
 where he was once more favourably received by the 
 Queen. In 1595-96 he was installed at Manchester 
 as warden of the College, but he did not succeed in 
 
 this office. He had already tried to be purged from 
 the charge of being a conjuror and ' invocator of 
 divels,' and he once more applied in 1604 to King 
 James for justification from the accusation. He 
 could not have gone to a worse person for this 
 purpose, and his request was refused when the 
 royal witch-hunter knew the nature cf his studies. 
 He left Manchester, returned to Mortlake, where he 
 lived in poverty till his death in 1607. 
 
 The first edition of the Monas Hieroglyphics. 
 was printed by Gulielmus Silvius at Antwerp, 1564, 
 small 4, ff. 28. The title-page is highly ornate 
 with pillars, symbols, mottoes, and in the centre 
 the ' Monas ' itself enclosed in an oviform re- 
 ceptacle. The book is dedicated to the Emperor 
 Maximilian II., and there is also a letter to the 
 printer in which he is requested to set up the book 
 in as close an imitation of the manuscript as 
 possible, in so far as the diagrams, marks, capital 
 letters, and so on are concerned. Apparently Dee 
 attached importance to such details, as they formed 
 part of the significance of his symbol. 
 
 There was a reprint : Francofurti, Apud loannem 
 Wechelum & Petrum Fischerum consortes, 1591. 
 It is a small 8, pp. 107 [i blank] in which the 
 diagrams and peculiarities of printing are retained. 
 Otherwise it is very plain ; the title-page has ;\ 
 meagre reproduction of the ' Monas,' but is devoid 
 of ornament and is unattractive. Copies of these 
 editions are extremely rare. In the British Museum 
 Catalogue there are three copies of the 1594 edition 
 only, none of that of 1591 or any other apart from 
 collections. 
 
 Halliwell says (Dr. Dee's Diary, p. 3) that it was 
 frequently printed, but these are the only editions 
 I have met with. He also says that he tried to 
 explain the meaning of the tract in a paper to the 
 Society of Antiquaries. I do not know whether or 
 not that paper was ever printed. 
 
 The edition of Roger Bacon's Rpistola with Dee's 
 corrections and notes was first (?) published : 
 '' Hamburgi, Ex Bibliopolio Frobeniano. Anno 
 cl3.lD.CXvm." It forms a little square octavo, 
 pp. 80, with an address to the Rosicrucian Brother- 
 hood. There followed an English version : " Frier 
 Bacon his Discovery of the Miracles of Art, Nature, 
 and Magick, Faithfully translated out of Dr. Dee's 
 own copy, by T. M., and never before in English. 
 London, Printed for Simon Miller at the Starre in 
 St. Pauls Church-yard, 1659." It is a small 
 narrow duodecimo, pp. [12] 51 [7 of book adver- 
 tisements] [i leaf, blank ? wanting]. Both of these 
 editions are extremely rare. 
 
DEEDELlCIsE 
 
 303 
 
 DEE (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 Ashmale, Theatrnm Chemicuin Britannicum, 
 1652,. p. 478. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Cliemica, 1654, p. 74. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatioiie . . . 
 l ; .[>istola, 1673, p. 154. 
 
 Ki'rcit Happitch, _ . . oder Teiitschcs Fegfeucr 
 der Sc/midekunst, 1702, pp. 109, 114. 
 
 Thonuis Smith, I'ita quorundam crudilissi- 
 miirum ct illustrium virorum, London, 1707, 4, 
 No. viii. pp. 102. 
 
 Niceron, Menwircs, 1729, i. p. 345. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jitngfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 
 73, */'/ 
 
 Koth-Scholtz, Dtutxket Theatrum Chcmicum, 
 1730, iii. p. 735 fir 3 sqq. (Portrait as frontispiece.) 
 
 Zedler, Universal lexicon, 1734, vn - c l- 39 2 - 
 
 Weidler, Historia Astronomic, 1741, p. 398. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophic 
 Htnin'tiqnc, 1742, i. pp. 310, 312, 473; iii. 
 p. 146. 
 
 Tanner, Bibhotheca Britannicu-Htbernica, 1748, 
 p. 222. 
 
 Bii'graphia Britannica, 1750, iii. p. 1633. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 64. 
 
 Moreri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 
 1 759, iv- P- 75- 
 
 Kloy, Dictionnalre Historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 12. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte 'der hohern Chemie, 
 1785", P- 493- 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der Menscklichen Xarrluit, 
 1789, vii. p. i. 
 
 Kippis, Biographia, Lirilannica, 1793, v - P- 3 2 - 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 311 
 (does not know the difference Ijetween John and 
 Arthur Dee). 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 56. ' 
 
 Beloe, Anecdotes of Literature, 1807, ii. p. 263 
 (about Dee's Art of Navigation). 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1813, xi. p. 378. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 
 1832, xxiii. p. 319. 
 
 Sehmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 303, 306, 308. 
 
 A Collection of Letters illustrative of the Progress 
 of Science in England. ... Edited by J. O. 
 Halliwell for the Historical Society of Science, 
 
 1841, p. 20. 
 
 D'Israeli, Amenities of Literature, 1841, iii. p. 
 189. 
 
 Mackay, Memoirs of extraordinary popular 
 Delusions, 1841, iii. p. 114; 1852, i. p. 152. 
 
 Dibdin, Bibliomania, 1842, p. 262 (sketch based 
 upon Hearne's remarks in his edition of Chronica. 
 Joannis Glas/oniensis, Oxford, 1726, ii. p. 498). 
 
 The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee, edited by 
 James Orchard Halliwell, for the Camden Society, 
 
 1842, 4. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1852, x. p. 267. 
 
 Rose, A New General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1853, vii. p. 43. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gdm'rale, 1855, xiii. col. 347. 
 
 Cooper, Alhence Cantabrigienses, i86r, ii. p. 497. 
 
 Poggendoi-fi", Biographisch-lilerarisches Hand- 
 vjorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 534, 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotlihjue Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 939, 940. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 230, 234. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1888, xiv. 
 p. 271 (article by Thomson Cooper). 
 
 DEFINITIO, das ist : Eigentliche Beschreibung der vortrefftichen und verbor- 
 genen Kunst Alchimie. 
 $ee UENEDICT.US (LIBERIUS), Liber Aureus, 1630, p. 76. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) PHILOSOPHUS, 1 709, p. 54. 
 
 DEHNE (JOHANN CHRISTIAN CONRAD). 
 
 D. Job. Christ. Conr. Dehne Stadt- und Land- Physikus zu Schbningen. Versuch 
 einer vollstandigen Abhandlung iiber die scharfe Tinktur des Spiefsglaskonigs 
 und ihre grossen Heilkrafte : nebst der Art, aus andern Metallen ahnliche 
 Tinkturen zu bereiten. Helmstedt verlegts, Johann Heinrich Kiihnlin 
 Universitats-Buchhandler. 1779. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 156: 
 
 Dehne was born at Celle, became a physician, papers on chemical subjects which appeared in 
 and was appointed Stadt- and Land-Physikus at 
 Sdmningen. in the principality of Wolfffenbtittel, 
 where he died in July, 1791. He wrote several 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichit der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 
 495-497. 765 (the above work), 781, 783, 797. 
 
 Aleusel, Lexikon der votn Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 
 Cretl's Chcmische Anrtalen, .Vencste Entdcckiingen , 
 . Chemisches Journal, etc. 
 
 verstorbeniti Teutschen Schriflsleller, 1803, ii. 
 p. 299. 
 
 Poggendorft, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wo'rterluich, 1863, i. col. 526. 
 
 DELARVATIO Tincturro Philosophorum. 
 See LEONHARD von AUenbwrg. 
 
 DELICI^E MEDIC*. 
 
 Volumen Primum Deliciarum Medicarum, Chirurgicarutn et Chyrnicarum, oder : 
 curieuse Anmerckungen, darinnen sich diejenigen, welche Medicinam und 
 
; MED1C/E. Continued, 
 
 Chymiam lieben, niitzlich ergotzen konnen, so bilsanhero in zehen Praesenten 
 herausgegeben, nunmehro aber mil eineni volligen Register versehen. 
 Leipzig, Verlegts Christoph Hiilfse, 1706. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] [6] 1-89 [i blank], [8] 91-830 ; [29, i blank]. Frontispiece. Title red 
 and black. Divided into 10 parts with title-pages, all, except the second, being 
 included in the pagination. The preface is signed : Moneton. The title-page of 
 the first part is dated 1703 ; those of the second, third, fourth, and fifth all in 
 the second edition are dated 1705; of the sixth, 1704; of the seventh, eighth, 
 ninth, and tenth, 1705. To parts 5-10 there is added a supplement by Alitophilus 
 Chrysander. In parts 5-7 it has a title-page, but not in parts 8-10. The title in part 5 
 is as follows : 
 
 Anhang Chymischer Ergiitzligkeiten, darinnen vieler bifshero in grosser Herrn 
 Cabinetten und Laboratoriis, wie auch SchrifFten der Artisten geheim-gehalten, ja 
 sehr hoch verkauffte Secreta und Real-Processe von Goldmachen enthalten, alien 
 Liebhabern der edlen Alchyniie zur hochsten Ergotzung entdecket von Alitophilo 
 Chrysandro, Anno 1704. 
 
 DELLE (MARTINUS DE). 
 Discursus de Universal}. 
 
 See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705; All Puli, Centrum Naturae Concen- 
 tratum, p. 39. 
 
 " Marti nus de Delle ex oppido Vitri in Ducatu 
 Mediolaneusi " is the description given of the 
 author. He tells in the above how he was visited 
 in 1589 by a person from GOrlitz, who finding him 
 engaged in the perusal of alchemical books asked 
 him if he understood what he read, and afterwards 
 taking him out to the country showed him the 
 1 Spiritus Mundi' and the 'Materia universalis. 1 
 It is a singular story. 
 
 lu Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchy mia the author 
 tells us that he had seen in manuscripts curious 
 processes ascribed to him, but that there was some 
 uncertainty about his name as it appeared both as 
 Martinus and Mardochaeus. He is called a 
 Cammer-diener of the Emperor Rudolph II., and 
 
 Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer 
 der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, pp. 73, 105, 107. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 
 67, 79, 201. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 65. 
 
 perhaps he assisted him in his alchemical experi- 
 ments. 
 
 He seems also to have been the de Delle who 
 wrote a chronicle in verse of the adventures of 
 alchemists whom he had heard of or encountered 
 at Court. On this account Schmieder has styled 
 him Court-poet. 
 
 Extracts from this manuscript were first published 
 in the Fegfeuer der Scheide-Kunst, and relate to 
 Denis Zachaire, Gassenhauer, and Edward Kelley. 
 They are so quaint and so tersely dramatic, that it 
 is to be lamented the manuscript was not printed in 
 full, if the rest of it was as direct as these extracts. 
 They were reprinted afterwards in Die Edelgebornc 
 Jungfer A Ichymia, in the Beytrag and by Schmieder. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1785, pp. 
 269, 489, 494. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 274, 301, 307, 332. 
 
 DEMACHY (JACQUES FRA^OIS). 
 
 Elemens de Chymie, suivant les Principes de Becker & de Stahl, traduits du 
 Latin sur la II e Edition de M. Juncker, avec des Notes : Par M. Demachy, 
 Apothicaire Gagnant-Maitrise de PHotel-Dieu de Paris. Tome Premier. Six 
 vol. broch. 12 liv. A Paris, chez Simeon-Prosper Hardy, Libraire, rue S. 
 Jacques, au-dessus de celle de la Parcheminerie, a la Colonne d'Or. 
 MDCCLVII. Avec Approbation, & Privilege du Roi. 
 
 T. i. pp. xxiv. 526. Two plates of symbols. 
 
 T. ii. pp. viij. 623 [i blank]. 
 
 T. iii. pp. viij. 599 [i blank]. 
 
 Though this is in reality a translation of Juncker's 
 Conspectus Chemite (see JUNCKEK (JOHANN)) suffi- 
 cient has been added to it in the way of notes to 
 make it so far an independent work. 
 
 Demachy, born 30 August, 1728, studied natural 
 history and literature, then devoted himself 
 specially to materia medica and pharmacy, and 
 rose to be director of the central department for 
 the hospitals. He was author of several works on 
 
 T. iv. viij. 392. 
 T. v. viij. 412. 
 T. vi. vij. [i bl.] 283 [4, i blank]. 
 
 Pharmaceutical Chemistry, translated Pott's and 
 MarggraPs collected papers and wrote a great 
 deal of verse, essays and academic doges, which 
 appeared in various periodicals. He died 7 July, 
 1803. As was to be expected from a chemist who 
 had been trained in the doctrines of Becher and 
 Stahl, he never adopted the views introduced by 
 Lavoisier. 
 
DEM ACHY DENSINGER 205 
 
 DEMACHY (JACQUES FRA^OIS). Continued. 
 
 Haller, nibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 624. Nouvelle Biographic Gfnerale, 1855, xiii. col. 
 
 Biographic MMica/e, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 512. 
 
 25), iii. p. 418. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 QueYard, La France Litteraire, 1830, ii. p. 467 1855, pp. 636, 900. 
 
 (list of numerous chemical works). Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 Journal de Chimie Medicate, Paris, 1843, 3" Se>. ivdrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 547. 
 
 ix. p. 344. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique de la Mfdecine, 
 
 Biographic Universellr, 1852, x. p. 359. 1882, xxvi. p. 556. 
 
 DEMOCRITUS. 
 
 Democritus Abderyta Gnecus de Rebus Sacris Naturalibus et Mysticis. Cum 
 
 Notis Synesii & Pelagii. 
 Tumba Semiramidis Hermetica? Sigillatse [sic], quam si Sapiens aperuerit, non 
 
 Cyrus, ambitiosus ; avarus, Regum ille thesauros, divitiarum inexhaustos, 
 
 quod sufficiat inveniet. H. V. D. Norimbergae, Apud Haeredes Job. Dan. 
 
 Tauberi, M.DCC.XVII. 
 
 8. Pp. 63 [i of took advertisements]. Title red and black. 
 
 This is Tauber's reprint of Pizimenti's translation said about Democritus, see Kopp, Beitrage, 1869, 
 
 of Democritus ' De Arte Sacra Magna,' which he pp. 108-136; Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 
 
 made from a Greek MS. that was brought to him 202, 219, ii. p. 319, and for the editions of 
 
 by a native of Corfu. Pizimenti's translation was Democritus, see my own papers in the Proceedings 
 
 published at Padua in 1572, and was reissued with of the Philosophical Society, Glasgow, 
 
 the date altered to 1573. One copy of the 1572 To the list there given should be added other 
 
 edition is known and atxnit a dozen of the issue of two copies of the 1573 Padua edition, one in the 
 
 1573. The edition of 1717, like the others, is rare. University Library, Cracow, uncut in the original 
 
 The translation was printed as a supplement to covers ; and another in the Library at Munich. 
 
 Mizaldus' Memorabilia, Colon., 1572, 1573, 1574, Compare with one another the remarks on 
 
 and Kopp reprinted it in his Beitrage zur Geschichte Democritus made respectively by Wiegleb (Hislor- 
 
 der Chemit; 1869, pp. 137-143. The Greek text as isch-kritische Untenuchung der Alchemie, 1777, 
 
 it exists in the MS. in St. Mark's Library at Venice pp. 176-9) and by Kortum (Kortum verteidiget 
 
 was printed by Berthelot in his edition of the Greek die Alchemie, 1789, p. 76). 
 
 alchemists, Paris, 1888, 3 vols., 4. For 'Tumba Semiramidis' see notes under that 
 
 For an exhaustive discussion of all that has been title. 
 
 Collectanea. 
 
 See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600, p. 167. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 776. 
 
 See MANGET (J. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 361. 
 
 Summaria declaratio eorum, quse dicta sunt hactenus ex Democrito, per 
 aenigmata. 
 
 See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600, p. 194. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 792. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 367. 
 
 DEMOCRITUS (CHRISTIANUS). 
 
 See DIPPEL (JOHANN CONRAD). 
 
 DENSINGER (ARSENIUS BACHMIEL). 
 
 Geber Redivivus, das ist : Warhafftige Practica des Steins der Weisen, 
 welche der Konig Geber klar in seinen Biichern, jedoch Stuckweis, 
 zerstreuet, bin- und wieder beschrieben. Hernach von einem Philosopho 
 in Ordnung gesetzt, und Lateinisch vor etlichen Jahren in Druck ausge- 
 gangen, jetzo aber verteutschet, und mit fruchtbaren annotationibus, und 
 abgekiirt/.ter Praxi, Beschreibung von dem Mercurio Pbilosophorum, wie 
 auch mit einem Appendice un Corollario vermehret worden, dem gemeinen 
 Nutzen zum besten ausgegeben von Arsenio Bachmiele Densinger. Im 
 Jahr Christi, i683(?). 
 
 24. I'p, 57 [i blank]. The date is partly cut off. 
 
206 DENSINGERDETHARDING 
 
 DENSINGER (ARSENIUS BACHMIEL). Continued. 
 
 Of this author I have not found any record, spell his name Bachimiel. Roth-Scholtz and Fictuld 
 The present book is cited both by Schmieder and on the -other hand quote an edition of 1683, which 
 by Kopp, bnt they give the date ns 1643, and they confirms the present one. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 87. Schmieder, GeschichU dcr Alchemic, 1832, p. 93. 
 
 Fictuld, Prosier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 66. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 327. 
 
 DESCRIPTIO Philosophic! Adrop. 
 
 See MONTE (GUIDO MAGNUS DE). 
 
 D'ESPAGNET (JEAN). 
 
 See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). 
 
 BESSENIUS (BERNARD), Cronenburgius. 
 
 See CRONENBURGIUS (BERNARDUS DESSENIUS). 
 
 DESTILLIR-KUNST. 
 
 See D. D. K. Destillir-Kunst. 
 
 DETHARDING (GEORG). 
 
 Chymischer Probir- Ofen, darinnen alle Procefse und Handgriffe, die in 
 Johannis Agricolae P. & M.D. Commentarijs und Notis, iiber Johan : 
 Poppij Chymische Medicin enthalten, und von ihm, (D. A.) fur grosse, 
 geheime, und gahtz newe Kiinste ausgeruffen werden; Ein jeder absonder- 
 lich, nach denn Principijs Chymicae Artis examiniret, erortert, und ferner 
 tarn Ratione qvam Experientia, auch zum offtern, aus D. Agr. eigenen 
 Worten, hell und klar erwiesen wird : Dafs in gedachten Commentarijs 
 und Notis, nichtes newes noch Geheimes, das etwas wehrt, sondern vielmehr 
 Alte verlegene Waaren und Sachen, die bifsweilen nur von ihm etwas ver- 
 andert, verkehret, ja offt mehr verderbet als verbessert worden; Nebst 
 vielen groben, Handgreifflichen, schadlichen Erroribus und Contradictionibus 
 zu finden seyn ; Allen Liebhabern der wahren, unverfalschten Chymiae, 
 insonderheit aber denen, die von sothanen falschen, Chymischen Procefsen, 
 nicht wollen verftihret seyn, wie auch denn angehenden Studiosis dieser 
 Kunst, hochniitzlich zu lesen und anzuwenden, Mit sonderlichem Fleifse, 
 und nicht geringen Vnkosten abgewartet und an Tag gegeben durch 
 Georgium Detharding, Biirgern und Apothekern in Alten Stetin. 
 
 Felix, qvem faciunt aliena pericula cautum ! 
 
 Gedruckt .bey Georg Gotzken. In verlegung Jeremiae Mamphrasen, im 
 Jahr 1648. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 38. 344 [misnumbered for 324]. Index [37, i blank]. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 An edition of this work, published at Stettin in 1656, 4", is mentioned in Leupold's Prodromns. 
 
 Kurtzer Discurs vom Auro Potabili, was es sey, vnd was es vor Eygenschafften 
 an sich haben mufs, dadurch man das Falsche von dem Wahren vnterscheiden 
 
DETHARDING 207 
 
 DETHARDING (GEORG). Continued. 
 
 konne. Daraufs den hell vnd klar zu sehen ist, dafs das schwartzbraune, 
 dicke, stinckende Oel, welches Johannes Hintzius vor Aurum potabile 
 verkaufft, falsch vnd Betrug sey. Aus erheblichen Vrsachen (die in 
 der Vorrede enthalten) abgefasset vnd manniglichem zur Warnung sich vor 
 solchen vnd dergleichen betrieglichen medicamenten zu hiiten, in offent- 
 lichen Druck verfertiget durch Georgium Dethardingen, Bxirgern vnd 
 Furstlichen gewesenen Hoff-Apotecker in Alten Stettin. Gedruckt, bey 
 Georg Gotzken Anno 1642. 
 
 4. Pp. (38, 2 blank) [48]. 
 
 Georgii Dethardinges, Burgers und Apothekers in Alten Stettin, Nohtwendige 
 Andwort und gegen-Bericht, auff die Ehrenriihrige, lasterliche schmah- 
 und Liigen-Schrifft, mit welcher D. Johannes Agricola, Stadt-Physicus zu 
 Brefslau, ihn, an staat, das er auff das Scriptum Illusivum andworten, und 
 den falschen Lugen-Procefs, die calcinationem & verae Tincturae Auri 
 extractione, mit Hirschhorn, Bruntz und Brandtwein betreffend, verificiren 
 und wahr machen solte, wider alle Christliche Liebe und Billigkeit beleget 
 
 hat. 
 
 Plaut. 
 
 Bacchse Bacchanti (Agricolse) si velis adversarier, 
 Ex insana insaniorem facies, feriet saepius. 
 Gedruckt in Alten Stettin. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 26. At the end : Gedruckt im Jahr 1684, bey Georg Gotzken. 
 
 Scriptum Elisivum oder Rechtmassige Andwort und Gegenbericht, darinnen 
 die Nichtige, in der Natur, Vernunfft und Chymischen fundamenten 
 ungegriindete Apologia, welche H. Augustus Hauptman Dresdensis, zu 
 Erhaltung der von H. D. Agricola in seinen Commentarijs iiber Poppium 
 pag. 27. beschriebenen, und aus dem Auro mit Urin und Brantwein 
 vermeinten Extrahirten Tincturae, Animae, &c., wieder den Discurs de 
 Auro Potabili ohnlangst geschrieben, mit bestandt und darbietung Augen- 
 scheinlicher Demonstration, wiederlegt und annihiliret wird. Durch Georgium 
 Dethardingen, Biirgern und Apotheckern in Alten Stetin. 
 
 M. T. C. 
 
 Nulla est capitalior injustitia, qvam eorum, qvi turn, cum maxime fallunt, 
 id agunt, ut viri boni esse videantur. 
 
 Senec. lib. 2, de Clement, c. 2. 
 Maluerim veris offendere, qvara placere adulando. 
 Gedruckt zu Alten Stetin, bey Gorg Geotzken (sic). A6 1645. 
 
 4. Pp. [52]. 
 
 Scriptum Illusivum contra Hauptmannianum famosum scriptum Collisivum. 
 Das ist : Vnumbgangliche beandwortung und wider-Rede, in welcher, D. 
 Johannis Agricolae Phantastische Tinctura, Anima Auri, nach Chymischen 
 Gninden Examiniret, verworfTen, und was Augustus Hauptmann, Dresd. 
 in dem Newgeschmiedeten Collisiv- oder Famos-Libell, dieselbe zu 
 
208 
 
 DE THARDINGDE USING 
 
 DETHARDING (GEORG). Continued. 
 
 Behaupten, vorgewandt, refutiret und so viel nohtig, beleget wird durch 
 Georgium Dethardingen, Biirgern und Apothekern in Alten Stettin. 
 
 Multitude Errantium, errori non parit patrocinium, & quod in Misnia 
 erratum est, in Pomerania Rectum Verumq; esse nequit. 
 
 Stettin, Gedruckt bey Georg Gotzken. In verlegung Jeremiae Mamphrasen, 
 Buchhandlern daselbst, und Caspar Klofsman Jun. in Brefslaw. Anno 
 1647. 
 
 4- Pp. [8] 136. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Imperfect, wanting the title and preliminary matter (sheet A). 
 
 The preceding controversial works are directed 
 against the writings and views of Johann Agricola 
 (q.v.) and Augustus Hauptmann. They are of 
 interest as a criticism of theories and of modes of 
 preparation. 
 
 Little seems to be known of the author beyond 
 what he himself tells us, namely, that he was Court 
 Apothecary in Old Stettin, flourished in the middle 
 of the ijth century, and was devoted to chemistry 
 and alchemy from his youth up. On the authority 
 of Jaenicke, Jocher has distinguished him from 
 another person of the same name who lived in 
 Stralsund, and afterwards went to Gustrow as 
 town physician in 1680, and who wrote some 
 medical works and a Latin-Greek vocabulary for 
 students of surgery. By Jourdan, however, these 
 
 Manget, Bibliolheca Scriptornm Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 168. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromiis BibliothecG metallicee, 
 
 1732, p. 47. 
 
 Joh. David Jaencke, Gelehrtes Pommerland, Alt- 
 Stettin, 1734. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 148. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 94. 
 
 Adelung, Supplement to Jocher. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Bofanica, 1772, ii. p. 47. 
 
 two are identified, and another George Detharding 
 is described by him as living between 1671 and 
 1747, who was a member of the Academia Naturae 
 Curiosorum, and the author of a great number of 
 academic dissertations on medical topics. Poggen- 
 dorff takes this view also. There were besides a 
 George Christopher, a George Gustav and a George 
 William Detharding, so that some attention is 
 required not to confuse them, especially as the 
 second name is sometimes omitted. I suspect that 
 the present man did not write some of the lx>oks 
 and papers attributed to him by later biographers 
 who have not observed the dates of publication with 
 sufficient attention, but the confusion is very great, 
 and I am not at all certain that the following 
 references apply to the same person. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 511. 
 
 Haller, Bibliothtca Medicince practice, iii. p. 
 442 ; iv p. 54. (These do not refer to the present 
 writer apparently.) 
 
 Fuchs, ' Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 241. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicalc, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 455. 
 
 terbuch, 1863, i. col. 564 (quotes Tocher, but does 
 not follow him). 
 
 DEUSING (ANTON). 
 
 Sympathetici Pulveris Examen : quo superstitiosa ac fraudibus Cacodaemonis 
 implicita Vulnerum et Ulcerum curatio in distans, per Rationis trutinam, ad 
 ipsas Naturae Leges expenditur; subversis Curse Sympatheticse Fundamentis, 
 ab Illustriss. Comite Digbaeo, nee non D. D. Papinio, & Mohyo, positis. 
 Autore Antonio Deusingio, Med. ac Philos. Doct. Illiusque in Acad. Gron. 
 & Oml. Prof. Prim. Celsissimi Principis Gubernatoris ac Provincias Archiatro. 
 Groningae, Typis Johannis CollenI, Bibliopolae & Typographi, 1662. 
 
 12. Pp. [12] 660. 
 
 Anton Deusing was born in 1612. He had a 
 long training, and was a man of great learning. 
 He studied classics and philosophy at Harderwyk, 
 and at Leyden mathematics, Arabic under Golius, 
 and also Persian and Turkish. He then passed to 
 medicine, graduated in 1637, and began practice in 
 1638. He was chief physician of the Duke of 
 Nassau. After professing mathematics at Meurs, 
 
 he held professorships at Harderwyk and Groenin- 
 gen, where he was created D.Phil., and ultimately 
 became rector. He died at Groeningen in 1666, in 
 liis 54th year. He wrote numerous works on 
 medicine, anatomy, physiognomy, cosmography, 
 astronomy, physics, natural history, philosophy, 
 and a number of controversial tracts, especially 
 with De le,Boe Sylvius, 
 
DEUSINGDIALOGUS 209 
 
 DEUSING (ANTON). Continued. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 63. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1776, i. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum erttditione clarorum, p. 388 (projected edition of Avicenna) ; 1777, ii. 
 
 1688, p. 1403, and plate 64. p. 701. 
 
 Witte, DiariumBiographicum, 1688, Yyy 2 recto, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 728 
 
 1666 (no other date is given, but Deusing was said (controversy with De le Boe Sylvius), 
 
 to be then 54 years of age). Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca chemica, 1727, p. 55. 25), iii. p. 461. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 171. p. 187. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 
 Gelahr/ieit, 1731, pp. 280, 507. Medecine, 1834, II. i. p. 83. 
 
 Niceron, Mimoires, 1733, xxii. pp. 24-43. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 
 Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. pp. 71-75. p. 423. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 
 p. 247. Nederlanden, 1858, iv. p. 137 (and references). 
 
 J. F. Weidler, Historia Astronomies, 1741, p. 479. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751, iii. worterbuch, 1863, I. col. 564. 
 
 col. 258. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1882, iii. p. 711 ; 2nd 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, Series, 1899, iv. p. 179. 
 
 1755, i. p. 281 ; 1778, ii. p. 41. Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Midi- 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, cales, 1883, xxviii. p. 453. 
 
 1770, ii. p. 672. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatamica, 1774, i. p. 434 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 170. 
 (a long account). 
 
 DIALOGI DUO. 
 
 See BRACESCO (GIOVANNI). 
 
 DIALOGUE CHYMIQUE de la Pierre physique. 
 See TRES-ANCIEN Duel des Chevaliers. 
 
 DIALOGUE (Le) de Marie & d'Aros, sur le Magistere d'Hermes. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1780, i. 
 P- 77- 
 
 DIALOGUS de Arte Chymica. 
 
 See CHRYSORRHOAS. 
 
 DIALOGUS (Ein) vom Stein der Weisen, Praeceptoris Georgii, und Alberti 
 Discipuli; darinnen der vierdte Theil des Grafen Bernhardi, von der 
 Practica Lapidis Philosophici ausgeleget und erklaret wird. 
 
 See CHYMISCH-UNTERIRDISCHER Sonnen-Glantz, 1728, p, 333. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Chymische Schrifften, 1746(1747), p. 212. 
 
 DIALOGUS inter Naturam et Filium philosophise. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 326. 
 
 DIALOGUS MERCURII, Alchymistse et Naturae. 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). 
 
 DIALOGUS PHILOSOPHISE. 
 
 .SVi? TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii., 1598, p. 145. 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, 1610; Appendix Tomi Primi 
 
 p. 238. 
 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708-1718^.272. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 238. 
 See also ENTRETIEN. 
 See also GESPRACH. 
 
 
 
210 
 
 DICKINSON DICT10NAIRE 
 
 DICKINSON (EDMUND). 
 
 Edmund Dickinson Phil. & Med. Reg. de Chrysopoeia sive de Quintessentia 
 Philosophorum. Juxta exemplar Oxoniense editio hoc exemplar! longe 
 castigatior. Accessit ob argumenti analogiam Anonymi Christiani de Medica- 
 mentis Universalibus Dissertatio. 
 
 No place or date (17 ?). 
 8. Pp. [4] 183 [i blank] ; 56. MS. notes. 
 
 Schreiben an Herrn Theodor Mundan von der Goldkunst, oder Quintessenz 
 der Filosofen. 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1771, I. i. p. i. 
 See MUNDANUS (THEODORUS). 
 
 Dickinson, son of the rector of Appleton in 
 Berkshire, was born 26 Sept., 1624. He was 
 educated at Eton and Merton College, Oxford, 
 graduated B.A. 1647, M.A. 1649, and finally M.D. , 
 3 July, 1656. He practised in Oxford for upwards 
 of twenty years, was elected to the College of 
 Physicians in London, and settled there in 1684. 
 He was appointed physician to Charles II., and 
 continued in the same position under James II. 
 till 1688. He then retired, occupying himself with 
 writing books and the practice of chemistry, till his 
 death, 3 April, 1707. 
 
 His chief work, upon which he spent many years, 
 is entitled Physica veins et nova, London, 1702, 4, 
 reprinted on the Continent. His only contribution 
 to chemical literature is the present epistle, the 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 56. 
 Buddeus, Isagoge ffistorico-Theologica, 1730, i. 
 P- 245. 
 
 Buddeus, Compendium Histories Philosophical, 
 
 I73L PP- 3, 301, 39i. 496. 497- 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1734, vii. col. 790. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, pp. 363, 570. 
 
 W. N. Blomberg, An Account of the Life and 
 Writings of Edmond Dickinson, M.D., Physician 
 to King Charles II. and King James II., London, 
 1737 ; 2nd edition, 1739. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 248. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermltique, 1742, i. p. 481 ; iii. p. 148. 
 
 Biographia Britannica, 1750, iii. p. 1693. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. no. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliographia Antiquaria, 1760, pp. 
 39, 61, 312, 386, 517, 688. 
 
 Brucker, Hisloria Critica Philosophic, 1766, IV. 
 i. p. 617. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, n. p. 13. 
 
 first edition of which was published at Oxford in 
 1686. Of Mundanus, to whom it is addressed, 
 little apparently is known, but he it is who is 
 credited with having directed Dickinson's attention 
 and energy to the science. Dickinson laboured at 
 it for years and seems to have believed in the 
 reality of transmutation as having himself witnessed 
 it. It is also said that the king who certainly had 
 a fancy for chemistry had a private laboratory 
 where he found pleasure in watching Dickinson 
 
 "Grind away, moisten and mash up his paste, 
 Pound at his powder ..." 
 
 His devotion to Chemistry led to his acquaint- 
 ance with others equally interested in it, and so we 
 find Becher, for example, dedicating to him his 
 Tripiis Hermeticus fatidicus (q.v.). 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 47. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 97. 
 Kippis, Biographia Britannica, 1793, v. p. 175. 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 319. 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 
 
 252-255- 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 App. IV. p. xxvii. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors), 
 302 i. 
 
 Wood, Athence Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. 
 col. 477, and see vol. I. (1813), p. xlix. & passim. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 459. 
 
 The Diary and Correspondence of John Evelyn, 
 1850, ii. p. 375. 
 
 Munk, Roll of the Royal College of Physicians, 
 1861, i. p. 370. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1214. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i, pp. 99, 207 ; ii. 
 
 P- 344- 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1888, xv. p. 
 33 (article by R. Harrison). 
 
 DICTA Sapientum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 857. 
 
 DICTION AI RE Hermetique, contenant L'Explication des Termes, Fables, 
 Enigmes, Emblemes & manieres de parler des vrais Philosophes. Accom- 
 pagn de deux Traitez singuliers & utiles aux Curieux de 1'Art. Par un 
 Amateur de la Science. A Paris, Chez Laurent D'Houry, rue Saint Jacques, 
 devant la Fontaine Saint Severin, au Saint Esprit. M.DC.XCV. Avec 
 Privilege du Roy. 
 
 12. Pp. [12] 2l6. 
 
DICTIONAIREDIENHEIM 2 1 1 
 
 DICTIONAIRE Hermetique. Continued. 
 
 The two tracts which follow have a title-page : 
 
 Trait^ Philosophique de la triple preparation de 1'or et de 1'argent. Par Gaston le 
 
 Doux dit de Claves, Amateur des Veritez Hermetiques. A Paris, Chez Laurent 
 
 d'Houry, rue Saint Jacques, devant la Fontaine Saint Severin, au Saint Esprit. 
 M.D.XCV. (sic). Avec Privilege du Roy. 
 
 Pp. 119 [i blank]. 
 
 The second tract (p. 49) is entitled : De la droite et vraie maniere de produire la 
 Pierre Philosophique, ou le Sel argentifique & aurifique. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy (Histoire de la Philosophic first volume of his Bibliotheque des Philosophes 
 
 Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 148), says the dictionary Chimiqves, Paris, 1672, and Richebourg inserted 
 
 is not bad, but as it was drawn up by Salmon, afterwards in his edition of 1754 (q-v.), but there 
 
 who was not an adept, the proper explanations have are very great additions to it, as can be readily 
 
 failed sometimes to be given. This is true only to judged from the fact that, while Salmon's short list 
 
 a limited extent. The dictionary may be based on fills only twenty pages, the Dictionaire occupies 
 
 the short vocabulary which Salmon added to the two hundred and sixteen. 
 
 DICTIONARIUM PARACELSI. 
 
 See DORN (GERHARD), Theophrastische Practica, 1618, p. 396. 
 
 DICTIONARY. 
 
 A Chymical Dictionary explaining hard places and words met withal in the 
 writings of Paracelsus, and other obscure Authors. 
 See F. (j.), A New Light of Alchymy, etc., 1674, p. 303. 
 It is a translation of the preceding. 
 
 DICTIONNAIRE Abrege defc Termes de PArt et des Anciens Mots. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. 
 p. 570. 
 
 DIDACUS GERMANUS. 
 
 Judicium Philosophico- Ethico- Chymico-Medicum de ilia Veteri toties jam 
 ventilata & necdum resoluta Controversia An detur Lapis Philosophorum ? 
 Et ejusdem indefinita in Morbis tarn praeservandis quam curandis Virtus. 
 Leviter mota a praenobili & excellentissimo D. Jacobo J. W. Dobrzensky de 
 Nigroponte Phil. & Medic: Doctore, ejusdemq; in Univer: Pragensi Professore 
 Extraordinario. Acriter defensa (Tit :) a D. Joanne Friderico i Rain ad 
 Stermoll & Radelsegch, Inclyti Ducatus Carniolise, Causarum Aulicarum 
 Provincialiumque Assessore. Germane id est candide forma" Epistolari 
 conscriptum a Didaco Germano Philosoph : & Medicinae Doctore. Anno 
 Domini M.DC.LXXXII. 
 
 No place or printer. 
 8. Pp. [23, i blank]. 
 
 Compare Dobrzensky's tract on the Presserva- mentioned by Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, 
 tivum Universale Naturale. This was directed ii. p. 35), but he does not supply the author's real 
 against the belief in the philosopher's stone. It is name. Beytrag, 1785, p. 551. 
 
 DIE mit dem Marte genau-vereinigte Venus. 
 See TRACTATUS Physico-Chymicus, 1706. 
 
 DIENHEIM (JOHANN WOLFGANG). 
 Medicina Universalis. 
 
 See T.EDA Trifida Chimica, 1674, p. 7. 
 
2 1 2 DIENHEIMDIGB Y 
 
 DIENHEIM QOHANN WOLFGANG). Continued. 
 
 Blenheim was Doctor of Laws and of Medicine, where in their presence the stranger turned some 
 
 and was Professor at Freyburg in Breisgau. In lead into gold. The person who is reported to 
 
 1603 while returning from Rome, he met a fellow have done this was Alexander Seton, known 
 
 traveller, with whom he sailed from Zurich to Basel. as the Cosmopolite. It is one of the most cir- 
 
 In the latter place, after getting hold of Dr. Jacob cumstantially narrated episodes in the history of 
 
 Zwinger, they went all three to a goldsmith's, transmutation. 
 
 Paschius, De. novis Inventis . . . Tractatus, Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mefir ah hundert 
 
 1700, p. 343. Transmutations-geschichten, 1784, No. 35. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliothcca Chemica, 1727, p. 56. Kottum verteidiget die Alchemic, 1789, p. 163. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 206. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 514; 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 1798, ii. p. 4. 
 
 p. 249. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 327. 
 
 col. 116. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 88 ; ii. p. 338. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii. 
 P- 4i3- 
 
 DIETZE (DAVID GOTTLOB). 
 
 De Generatione Metallorum consensu amplissimi philosophorum ordinis dis- 
 putabunt Praeses M. Johannes Zacharias Plainer, et Respondens David 
 Gottlob Dietze, Stolberg, Misn. D. Aug. Anno MDCCXVII. H. L. Q. C. 
 Lipsise, Literis Andreas Martini Schedii. 
 
 4. Pp. 46 [i, i blank]. 
 
 The above is not quoted in Leupolds Prodromus tractu ad metalla effodienda concesso concurrenti- 
 
 BibliotheccE Metallicce, 1732, p. 47, but another bus, von Aeltern und Jiingern im Felde. S.p. 4, 
 
 appears under his name: ' Disputatio juris metal- Erford, 1727.' 
 lici de jure Senioratus metallic!, metallicolis in 
 
 DIGBY (KENELM). 
 
 Of Bodies, and of Mans Soul, to discover the Immortality of Reasonable Souls. 
 With two discourses of the Powder of Sympathy, and of the Vegetation 
 of Plants. By Sir Kenelm Digby Knight. 
 ^UX^S <vcriv aio>s Aoyov 
 Karavorjo-ai ofei Swaroi/ emu, 
 Aveu T^S TOV 6'A.ou </>i5<rea>s ; 
 Animae naturam, absque totius natura, 
 Sufficienter cognosci posse existimas? 
 
 Plato in Phsedr. 
 
 London, Printed by S. G. and B. G. for John Williams, and are to be sold 
 in Little Britain over against St. Buttolphs-Church, M.DC.LXIX. 
 
 4. Pp. [55, i blank] 439 [i blank] ; [10] 231 [i blank]. The second treatise and 
 the two discourses have separate title-pages included in the pagination. 
 
 Wood quotes editions : Paris, 1644, fol. ; Lon- Ross wrote a reply to Digby in The Philosophical 
 don, 1658, 1665, and 1669, all in 4. Alexander Touchstone, London, 1645, 4- 
 
 Aufserlesene, seltzame Philosophische Geheimniisse und chymische Experimente, 
 wie auch sonderbahre und zuvor nie eroffnete Artzneyen, Menstrua und 
 Alkaheste, sampt dem wahren Geheimniifs das Sal Tartari fliichtig zu 
 machen: welche alle von dem Wohlgebohrnen Herrn Kenelm Digby Rittern, 
 und weiland Cantzlern Ihr. Majest. der alten Konigin von Engeland, mit 
 vieler Miihe und Fleifs zusammen gelesen, und bifshero nach seinem Tode 
 verborgen gehalten, jetzo aber dem gemeinen Besten zu Nutze ans Tages 
 Liecht gebracht worden durch Georg Hartman. Aus der Englischen in 
 
blGBY 
 
 213 
 
 DIGBY (KENELM). Continued. 
 
 die Deutsche Sprache zum ersten Mahl iibersetzet von J. L. M. C. Mit 
 Chur Sachsischer Freyheit, nicht nachzudrucken. Hamburg, Auff Gottfried 
 Schultzens Kosten, 1684. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 269 [n]. Portrait of Digby on p [8]. 4 separate plates of apparatus. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 Oratio de Pulvere Sympathetico. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66o, p. I. 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, l66l, p. I. 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 662, p. 72. 
 
 Vermehrung des Theatri Chimici, oder der eroffneten Thiir zum Heimligkeiten 
 in der Scheide-Kunst. 
 See BLANKAART (STEVEN), Theatrum Chemicum, 1700. 
 
 Digby was born n July, 1603. At the age of 14 
 he accompanied his relative Sir J. Digby, who went 
 as ambassador to Spain. In 1618 he entered 
 Worcester College, Oxford, and there probably was 
 inoculated with a fancy for the Occult Sciences by 
 his tutor, Thomas Allen. He left in 1620 and went 
 once more to the Continent, and in 1622 was again 
 at Madrid, and was there presented to Prince 
 Charles (afterwards King Charles I.), and the 
 Duke of Buckingham, with whom he returned to 
 England in 1623, and was knighted a few days 
 later by King James I. at Hinchinbrooke. 
 
 In 1627-28 he went on a filibustering expedition 
 to the Mediterranean and destroyed the French and 
 Venetian ships at Scanderoon, and returned the 
 following year. His tutor's books and MSS. having 
 been left to him, he presented them in 1632 to the 
 Bodleian Library. On the death of his wife in 
 1633 he withdrew to Gresham College and spent 
 two years in retirement, occupying himself with 
 chemical experiments. After some difficulties and 
 troubles connected with his religion and politics, he 
 was allowed to depart to France and while there 
 published in 1644 his treatise "Of Bodies and of 
 the Immortality of Man's Soul." 
 
 In 1651 Evelyn witnessed at Paris some of his 
 chemical experiments and attended the lectures of 
 Nicholas Lefebvre, who afterwards settled in Lon- 
 don. In 1658 appeared the lecture on the Powder 
 of Sympathy delivered, as he tells us, before a dis- 
 tinguished audience at Montpellier. After the 
 Restoration he returned to England and was well 
 received. He continued his experimental work 
 and was on the Council of the Royal Society when 
 it was incorporated in 1663. He died n June, 
 1665 (but Witte says u July, 1655). 
 
 The lecture on the Powder of Sympathy appeared 
 at Paris in 1658, and it was translated at once into 
 
 Witte, Diarium. biographicum, 1688, Sign. Uuu 
 3 verso ; Ann. July n, 1655. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 60. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, 
 ii. p. 290. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce, 
 1731, p. 47. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1734, vii. col. 898. 
 
 English by R. White and published in 1658, 12, 
 pp. [2 blank, 10] 152, [i, 3 blank]. The second 
 edition, corrected and augmented with the addition 
 of an Index was published also in 1658, but it was 
 entirely reset and is quite different from the first 
 edition. The third edition was published in 1660, 
 the fourth in 1664. In my "Notes on ... Books 
 of Secrets," written before I had seen the first 
 English edition or any notice of it, I suggested that 
 the French edition might have been regarded as the 
 first, and that the English translation might have 
 been called the second edition, though it was the 
 first of the translation. That, however, was incorrect, 
 for there is really a first English edition, although 
 it is very rare. It is curious that the author of the 
 article in the Dictionary of National Biography 
 should have made practically the same statement : 
 that the ' second ' edition of 1658 is the only one 
 known and is probably the original. 
 
 Besides the edition of 1658, the Discourse in 
 French was published also at Paris in 1660, 1681 ; 
 La Haye, 1700, 1715 ; Paris, 1749 ; Utrecht in 
 1681 ; in Dutch in the Thealrum Sympatheticum, 
 Leeuwarden, 1697, Amsterdam, 1727 ; in German, 
 Frankfurt, 1664 (^rd Ed.), 1700 (5th Ed.). The 
 literature on this subject, which is very extensive, 
 was described by me in a paper read to the Archae- 
 ological Society of Glasgow. 
 
 No account of Digby's chemical experiments was 
 published by himself, so far as I know. They 
 were probably conducted in an empirical fashion, 
 and they either failed of their expected result or 
 Digby was not able to interpret what they did lead 
 to. Anyhow he cannot be classed with either the 
 experimental pharmacists, the scientific chemists, 
 or even the alchemists of his time. What remains 
 of his experimental labours was published by Hart- 
 mann, his operator, in 1683. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinischts Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 P- 251. 
 
 Biographia Bntannica, 1750, in. pp. 1701-1714. 
 
 Chaufepi6, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1750, Letter D, p. 24. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lex., 1750, ii. col. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 473 
 (nobilis vir, sed credulus). 
 
2 1 4 DIGB YDIPPEL 
 
 DIGBY (KENELM). Continued. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 352. Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, Delusions, 1841, iii. p. 290; 1852, i. p. 266. 
 
 1778, ii. p. 52. Biographic Universelle, 1852, xi. p. 54. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. Hallam, Introduction to the Literature of Europe, 
 
 p. 25. 1854, iii. pp. 301, 592. 
 
 Kippis, Biographia Britannica, 1793, v. pp. 184- Nouvelle BiographieGinerale, 18.55, x ' v - c l- *66. 
 
 199. Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 658 ; Literature, 1859, i. p. 502. 
 
 1798, ii. pp. 4, 300, 338. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 572. 
 
 Appendix No. iv. , p. xxi. Re'musat, Histoire de la Philosophic en Angle- 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, terre, 1875, i. p. 296. 
 
 1813, xii. pp. 70-78. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 342, 351. 
 
 Wood, Athence Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1813-20 ; Dictionary of National Biography, 1888, xv. p. 
 
 iii. col. 688 & passim. 60, and the references (article by S. L. Lee). 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, i. (authors), Ferguson, "Notes on ... Books of Secrets," 
 
 303 w. Part vi. , Transactions of the Archaeological Society, 
 
 Glasgow, 1896, N.S., ii. p. 18. 
 
 DIPPEL (JOHANN KONRAD). 
 
 Analysis Cramatis Harmonici Hyper- Metaphysico- Logico-Mathematica, das 
 ist: Chymischer Versuch zu destilliren per decensum, per ascensum & per 
 latus, und in ihr Sal, Sulphur & Mercurium zu resolviren die drey 
 harmonischen Systemata der heutigen Philosophic, nemlich des Cartesii, 
 Spinosae und Leibnitzens; aus welchem so wol die Bauren, als die aller- 
 subtilsten Ontologi und Mathematici, so sie wollen, erkennen konnen, wo 
 sie zu Hause sind ; welches gewifslich nichts geringes ist. In aller Freyheit, 
 und nicht gezwungen, heraus gewickelt und wiederum gehorig zusammen 
 gerollt durch Christianum Democritum, Theologum, Medicum, Juridicum, 
 Mathematicum, Logicum, Metaphysicum, & Ontologum per ignem. Zweyte 
 Edition, durch den Auctor selbst von den Druck-Fehlern, so in die erste 
 gekommen, gesaubert, und hie und da mit kleinen Zusatzen erlautert. 
 Anno MDCCXXXIV. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 86. 
 
 Christian! Democriti Theologi, Philosophi, Physici und Medici Auffrichtiges 
 Glaubens-Bekantniifs und kurtze Nachricht was mit einem Schwedischen 
 Studioso in den Waysen-Hause zu Halle wegen einiger Theologischen Streit- 
 Fragen vorgegangen ist, nebst dessen Vorbericht und Beantwortung selbiger 
 Fragen. Ezech. 3. v. 27. 1732. 
 
 8. Pp. [18] 7-110, and wants all after. Title red and black. 
 
 Christiani Democriti Kranckheit und Artzney des Animalischen Lebens, wie 
 beyde in einer Physisch-Medicinischen Untersuchung ihrem wahrem 
 Ursprunge wieder zugeeignet, zugleich aber die Thorheiten des Mechanism! 
 und Spinosismi aus dem Grunde entdeckt, mit augenscheinlichen Beweifs- 
 Griinden aus dem Bezirck der gesunden Vernunfft verstossen, und ein 
 volliges Systema aller Bewegung in einem kurtzen Zusammenhange dar- 
 gestellet worden. Aus dem Lateinischen von neuen iibersetzt, mit 
 umstandlicher Beschreibung aller Chymischen und Medicinischen Experi- 
 menten des Autoris, die vorhin in diesem Tractat nur mit wenig Worten 
 bemerckt gewesen, wie auch mit einem angehangten curiosen, und nach 
 /,. den Becherischen und Stahlischen Grundsatzen ausgefuhrten Bedencken 
 von dem einfaltigen und wahren Grunde der Zerlegung, Zusammensetzung, 
 
DIP PEL DISCOURSE 215 
 
 DIPPEL (JOHANN KONRAD). Continued. 
 
 Verbesserung und Veranderung der Metallen : nebst dem dazu gehorigen 
 Experimental-Beweise, wie ein ehrlicher Mann, ohne Dienst und Amt seinen 
 Unterhalt vor sich selbst jederzeit erwerben konne : vermehret, und mit 
 einem zureichlichen Register versehen. Von einem unpartheyischen Liebhaber 
 der Wahrheit. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Leopold Montag, 
 Buchhandler in Regenspurg 1736. 
 
 8. Pp. [32] 412. Register [76]. The title is printed on two leaves of the first sheet. 
 
 Vitae Animalis Morbus et Medicina. Suae vindicata origini disquisitione 
 Physico-Medica, qua simul Mechanismi & Spinosismi deliramenta funditus 
 deteguntur, & mathematica evidentia ex sanae rationis circulo deturbantur, 
 & integrum universi motus Systema concinnis vinculis nectitur. Auctore 
 Christiano Democrito M.I). Lugduni Batavorum, Ex Officina Lucht- 
 
 manniana 1711. 
 
 8. Pp. 160. 
 
 Johann Conrad Dippel, or Christianas Demo- this day by the 'oil' which bears his name and 
 
 critus, as he called himself (not Christianus which was obtained by the distillation of bones. 
 
 Dippelius, as he appears in Arnold's Historic) From the investigation of this oil by modern 
 
 was born near Darmstadt in 1672 or 1673, studied chemists some of the most important discoveries 
 
 theology at Giessen and Strassburg, medicine at have taken their rise. He was a voluminous 
 
 Amsterdam, and graduated at Leyden ; a man of writer on theological subjects. Though he asserted 
 
 brilliant powers and of original views, but such as he should live to 1808, he died in 1734. 
 
 did not gain him any good will, of agreeable Whether or not he is to be considered an 
 
 manners, but vehement in his writings. On "illuminated fanatic," or a man of "no fixed 
 
 account of his opinions he led an unsettled life, character" as regards his philosophy and theology 
 
 being now in Holland, then in Denmark, Sweden, must be left for individual consideration. Materials 
 
 and back to ( Jermany. He worked at Chemistry for arriving at a conclusion will be found in the 
 
 with considerable success, and he is remembered to following. 
 
 abr\c\\K,Hisloria Billiothec(F Fabrician,(e,ij2i, Adelung's mere narrative, not to attach his own 
 
 iv. pp. 483-489 (under Christianus Democritus). value to his comments and opinions. He quotes 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 100 lives of Dippel by Ackermann and by Hofmann, 
 
 (note on his portrait). and for his works Strieder's account of the learned 
 
 Buddeus, Isagoge Historico- Theologica, 1730, ii. men and authors of Hesse), 
 
 p. 1198. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 226, pp. 456, 543. 
 
 228. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 329, 
 
 Kestner, Afedicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 330, 339, 371, 383, 423; 1799, iii. 16 (gives him 
 
 p. 256. some praise as a chemist). 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1742, iii. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 
 
 p. 121, &c. 486, 491, 501, 510 (a not unfavourable notice). 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 col. 149. . worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 576. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 53. Ladrague, BibliothequeOuvaro/,Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 81 1870, Nos. 79-83. 
 
 ('Celebris chemicus et heterodoxus homo '). Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 135 (describes 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Hislorique de la Mtdecine, Dippers intercourse with Caetano. He refers also 
 
 1778, ii. p. 61. to articles on Dippel by Karl Buchner in v. Rau- 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 36. mer's Historisches Taschenbuch, 3 folge, ix. Jahrg. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten 1858, p. 207, and by Gustav Baur in Theologisches 
 
 und Schrifftsteller Geschichte, 1783, iii. pp. 89-135. Liter at ur-blatt zur allgemeinen Kirchenzeitung, 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narrheit, 1858, No. 17, p. 377). 
 1785, i. p. 314. (It would be well while accepting 
 
 DISCEPTATIO de lapide Physico, 1668. 
 
 See PANTALEON. 
 
 DISCOURSE (A), between Eudoxus and Pyrophilus upon the Ancient War of 
 the Knights. 
 See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph, 1723, p. 26. 
 
 DISCOURSE of Fire and Salt. 
 
 See VIGENERE (BLAISE DE), 1649. 
 
2 1 6 DISCURS USDI VERS 
 
 DISCURSUS Chymicus quo disseritur: Deo summo trismegisto in chymicis 
 omnia unice deberi, per quendam Philo-chymicum, prima quidem & rudi 
 Minerva, pij cujusdam exercitij gratia, ex ejusmodi studio hactenus cum 
 Deo primitus conceptus, postmodum verb divina adspirante Gratia ulterius 
 perficiendus. 
 
 Anno 
 
 HIC eXtat: sVperls referat qVI ars CVnCta sophorVM : 
 FaXIt, Vt & frVCtVs hseC tlbl sCrlpta ferant. 
 
 [1662.] 
 
 4. Pp. 24. 
 
 DISCURSUS de Universal!. 
 
 See DELLE (MARTINUS DE). 
 
 DISCURSUS Philosophicus. 
 
 See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM : ALI PULi, Centrum Naturae Concentratum, 
 p. 49. 
 
 Initialled /. /. F., but whether these denote the ninety years earlier than the editor of Der Henne- 
 author or not does not appear. Anyhow he is tische Nord-Stern. 
 
 DISPENSATORIUM Pharmaceuticum Austriaco-Viennense, in quo hodierna 
 die usualiora Medicamenta secundum artis regulas cornponenda visuntur, 
 cum Sacrae Caesarese Regiseque Catholicse Majestatis Privilegio. sumptibus 
 Collegii Pharmaceutici Viennensis. Viennae Austrian. Anno Incarnationis 
 Dominicse M.DCC.XXIX. Reimpressum apud Gregorium Kurtzbock, 
 Universitatis Typographum, M.DCC.XLIV. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [34] 273 [19]. Nova Pharmacopoeorum Taxa [12] 72 [i, i blank]. 
 Folding engraved Title, and one large portrait of the Austrian Emperor Charles VI. 
 
 There is another edition of this work : Vindobonae, 1756, fol. quoted by Baumer, 
 Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 114. 
 
 DISQUISITIO de Helia Artium. 
 
 See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL), 1606. 
 See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER). 
 
 See PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A). 
 DISTINCTIONES XXIX supra librum Turbae. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 57. 
 
 DIVERS Traitez de la Philosophic Naturelle. Sgavoir, la Turbe des Philosophes, 
 ou le code de verite en 1'Art. La Parole Delaissee de Bernard Trevisan. 
 Les deux traitez de Corneille Drebel Flaman. Avec le Tres-Ancien Duel 
 des Chevaliers. Nouvellement traduits en Francois, par un Docteur en 
 Medecine. A Paris, chez Jean d'Houry a PImage S. Jean, au bout du 
 Pont-neuf, sur le Quay des Augustins. M.DC.LXXII. 
 
 12. Pp. [8] 298 [5, i blank], 
 
 La Turbe des Philosophes, p. i. II. De la Quinte Essence, p. 245. 
 
 La Parole Delaisse'e, Traite" de Bernard Comte Le Tres-Ancien Duel des Chevaliers ou Dialogue 
 
 de la Marche Trevisane, p. 97. Chymique de la pierre physique, p. 275. 
 
 Deux traitez philosophiques de Corneille Drebel, An edition of this collection seems to have come 
 
 p. 175 :- out at Paris, in 1618. Compare Schmieder, 
 
 I. De la Nature des Elemens, p. 191. Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 234, No. 4. 
 
DIVES-DOBRZENSKY 217 
 
 DIVES Sicut Ardens S * * *. 
 
 See LIMOJON DE ST. DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). 
 See DYDACUS SENERTUS. 
 
 DIVI Leschi Genus Amo. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). 
 
 DIVINATIONUM Genera Septem, in Compendio scilicet : Physiognomia, 
 Chiromantia, Astrologia, Oniromantia, Teratoscopia, Geomantia, Onomantia. 
 oder kurtze Anweisung, wie man aus dem Gesicht, Handen, Sonn- und 
 Monds-Lauff, Traumen, Wunderzeichen, Punctiren und des Menschen 
 Nahmen, von bevorstehenden Gliick und Ungliick ein Prognosticon stellen, 
 und andere Autores, so von dergleichen Materie geschrieben, desto leichter 
 verstehen konne. Anno M.DCCVII. 
 
 No place or printer. 
 12. Pp. 139 [i] [4 blank]. 
 
 This work is not concerned with alchemy or alphabetically arranged ; and, pp. 90-102, of natural 
 chemistry, but deals solely with divination. It portents similarly arranged, 
 contains, pp. 59-87, the interpretation of dreams, The author's name is not given. 
 
 DOBRZENSKY (JACOB JOHANN WENCESLAUS). 
 
 Prseservativum Universale Naturale || Augustissimo Romanorum Imperatori 
 Leopoldo I. humillime oblatum; sine pretio pretiosissimum ; sine labore 
 facillimum : contra omnem in Aura serpentem Contagionem, maximorum 
 occasionem Morborum. natura stimulante, sensu obsequente, experientia 
 observante ratione confirmante in artem deductum || & pro bono publico 
 patefactam a Jacobo Joanne, Wenceslao Dobrzensky de Nigro Ponte, 
 Philosophise & Medicinae Doctore, ejusdemque in Alma Universitate Csesarea 
 Regiaque Carolo-Ferdinandea Pragensi Professore Extraordinario. 
 Anno, qVo patrlos affLICta Vienna penates 
 VIDerat, InVIso pestls ab Igne Mori. 
 
 [1679.] 
 
 Colophon : Excusum Pragae, Typis Universitatis Carolo-Ferdinandese in Collegio 
 Soc. Jesu ad S. Clementem. Anno M.DC.LXXIX. 
 
 8. Pp.[i]3L 
 
 In this pamphlet the even paging is on the recto, the odd on the verso. The 
 above title occupies three pages, indicated by the division lines. 
 
 Gmelin speaks of him inaccurately as " J. Wilh. connected with medicine and natural history which 
 Dobrzensky in Polen." Though his name seems appeared in the Ephemerides of the Academia 
 to be known, I have been unable to find any Natura; Curiosorum, but he was not himself a 
 details of his life, but he was a professor at Prague, member of it. Mercklin quotes an edition of the 
 and it seems more probable that he was a Prczservativum Universale, "cum experimento 
 Bohemian. medico D. Johannis Baptistre Alpruni de Con- 
 He wrote about a dozen papers on various topics tagione Viennensi in fine adjecto," Pragse, 1680, 4. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 486. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 397. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 581 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 184. 709. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 623. 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 149. 
 
 Allgemeines naturliches Praeservativ- oder Verwahrungs-Mittel wider alle . . . 
 ansteckende Seuchen 
 
 See ZIMARA (MARCO ANTONIO), Magische Artzney-Kunst, 1685. 
 This is a translation of the preceding tract. 
 
2 1 8 DOBRZENSK YDOLHOPFF 
 
 DOBRZENSKY (JACOB JOHANN WENCESLAUS). Continued. 
 See also DIDACUS GERMANUS. 
 See also SCHWARTZENWALD (JOANNES VALENTINUS VON). 
 
 DORMER (AUGUSTUS MICHAEL). 
 
 Gott hilff gnadig ! Medicinalischer Bericht, welcher von der jetzo weit und 
 breit grassirenden, und immermehr herannahenden gefahrlichen ansteckenden 
 Seuche, Natur, und Eigenschafft, wie auch Vorsorge, und Curation handelt, 
 jedermanniglich sey Reich oder Arm, &c. zum besten aufs deutlichste mit 
 wenigem zu Papier gebracht, Anno 1680. durch Augustum Michaelem 
 Dormer, Med. Doct. und Practicum In Northausen, Verlegt von Jeremia 
 Gottern. 
 
 12". Pp. [16] 74. 
 
 The author and book are quoted by Haller 1680, 12. I have met with no other mention of 
 
 (Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. p. 477), the book, and nothing about the author. The 
 
 but not quite correctly : Aug. Mich. Dorner (sic) work seems to be rare and unknown. 
 Bericht von der anstekenden Seuche, Northausen, 
 
 DOL^US QOHANN). 
 
 Johannis Dolaei Tractatus novus nunquam antehac editus de Furia Podag-ae 
 Lacte victa & mitigata, propria experientia conscriptus. Amstelodami, 
 Apud Janssonio Waesbergios. M DCC VII. 
 
 12. Pp. [21, i blank] 135. Index [2]. [Catalogue of medical and Chemical 
 books, 7], Title red and black. 
 
 Dolee, or Dolaeus, was born at Hofgeismar, In the Ephemerides of the Academia Naturae 
 
 8 Sept., 1650, studied at Heidelberg, travelled, and Curiosorum there are one or two chemico- physical 
 
 became a doctor of medicine of Heidelberg, 1673. papers by him. He wrote an Encyclopedia medico, 
 
 He was councillor and physician of the landgrave of theoretico-practica, Francofurti, 1684, 4, Amst. 
 
 Hesse-Cassel, 'decanus perpetuus' of the Collegium 1688, 8; Venet. , 1691, 1695, 4; collected works, 
 
 Medicum, Member of the Acadernia Naturae Frankf. 1703. This contains a portrait and a 
 
 Curiosorum, 15 June, 1680, and Fellow of the biography by Christian Franciscus Paullini (q.v. ), 
 
 Royal Society. He died in 1707 at Cassel. but the biography has been considered too ornate. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliolheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 186-192. (P. 191 contains a review Appendix, No. IV. p. xxix. 
 
 of the present work. ) Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 25), iii. p. 502. 
 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 354. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arsneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 Jacob LeupoldstProdromus Bibliothecce Metallicee, p. 395. 
 
 ed. Briickmann, 1732, p. 48. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 
 Biichner, Academics Natures Curiosorum . . . Mtdecine, 1834, II. i. 115. 
 
 Historia, 1755, p. 470, No. 91. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic MtSdicale, 1855, 
 
 Portal, Histoire de f Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, ii. 255. 
 
 1770, iv. p. 37. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Me'decine, worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 586. 
 
 1778, ii. p. 77. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 380. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences Midi- 
 
 p. 406. cafes, 1884, xxx. p. 363. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zueiner Hessischen Gelehrten Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1783, iii. pp. 169-179. genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 200. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 138. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 2nd Series, 1899, v. 
 
 p. 461. 
 
 DOLHOPFF (GEORG ANDREAS). 
 
 Lapis Animalis Microcosmicus. Oder, die hochste Artzney, aus der Kleinen 
 Welt des Menschlichen Leibs. Sampt einem Tractatlein vom Vrin oder 
 Harn des Menschen. Strafsburg In Verlegung Georg Andreas Dolhopffen. 
 Im Jahr M.DC.LXXXL 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 80. 
 
DOLHOPFFDONZELLI 219 
 
 DOLHOPFF (GEORG ANDREAS). Continued. 
 
 The publisher is also the compiler of this small At the end of his preface he asks for hitherto 
 
 collection of observations upon animal products unpublished chemical tracts, as he was minded to 
 
 and upon urine (chiefly), and of the salts and other bring out a seventh volume to Zetzner's Theatntm 
 
 substances obtainable from it. The authors, from Chemicum. That intention was never carried out 
 
 whose works excerpts are made, are Joh. Stary- so far as I know. 
 
 cius, Martin Schmuck, Th. Kesler, Ripley, Samuel ~La.Ara.g\iie,BibliothlqueOuvaroff,SciencesSecretes, 
 
 Norton or Edmund Dean, Arnald of Villanova, 1870, No. 1271. 
 Basil Valentin, Paracelsus, P. J. Faber, Conr. 
 Khunrath. 
 
 DOMINUS in limo, non malo malo. 
 
 See ZWEY vortreffliche . . . Chymische Biicher, 1759. 
 
 DONZELLI (GIUSEPPE). 
 
 Teatro Farmaceutico, Dogmatico, e Spagirico del Dottor Giuseppe Donzelli 
 Napoletano, Barone di Dogliola. Opera, che nella xix. Edizione arricchita 
 con la sua dovuta vaghezza, tanto di alcune Aggiunte in molti, e piii luoghi 
 del suo disteso, oltre le gia compilate dal proprio Figlio dell' Autore, D.F. 
 Tomaso Donzelli, quanto maggiormente, per obbedire agli riveriti Ordini 
 dell' Illustre Collegio de' Farmacopei Napoletani, colla sempre Inclita Autorita 
 del quale pompeggia di' un Appendice, o sia di una intera Quarta Parte, 
 rispetto alle Tre sue antecedent}, ridondante di varie accurate Addizioni di 
 molti altre Composizioni le piii opportune, e le piu utili, che potevansi mai 
 desiderare in tutto il suo corso, registrate dal M. P. Niccolo' Ferrara-Aulisio. 
 
 Anzi vieppiu ormai divien celebre, merce al participarsi da Essa una 
 esattissima Pratica di compor il maggior numero di diversi Arcani Chimici 
 sian i piu virtuosi, sian i piu sperimentati dagli Autori, e adesso gia ricevuti, 
 in ordine alia totale debellazione di quei Malori, che infestar sogliono di 
 continue la nostra non men fragile Umanita : Come pure non solamente 
 essa Opera per tale dassi a divedere nella descrizion di ogni altra Composizione, 
 che viene ammessa gia dalla Medicina d' oggidi : Ed ancora nella distinta, 
 curiosa, e profittevole Storia di cadanno suo specifico Ingrediente. 
 
 Finalmente dimostrasi, oltre le sue solite figure de' Semplici, ricolmata da 
 ben Sette copiosissimi, e riordinati Cataloghi, ovvero Tavole, & Indici e 
 degli Santi Medici, e degli Semplici, e degli Autori, e delle Composizioni 
 Nuove, ed Antiche, e de' Morbi con le loro Cure, e delle Cose piii notabili ; 
 ed in ultimo evvi un Diario di tutto cib, che vel corso d' ogni Mese devesi 
 raccorre, e conservare da qual si sia diligente, e zelante Farmacopeo. 
 Edizione Ventesima. In Venezia, MDCCXXVIII. Presso Andrea Poletti. 
 Con Licenza de' Superior]', e Privilegio. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [52] 599 [i blank]. Title red and black. Vignette of pharmaceutical 
 apparatus. 
 
 Haller quotes this book, mentions some of the Gmelin has taken what he says from Haller, 
 editions, and gives a brief list of the contents. He but he has misnamed the author ' Johann.' 
 ascribes to him also tracts De opobalsamo and The 'Vita' prefixed to the present work is an 
 Detheriaca, published in 1640. Another work by eloge and not a biography, 
 him is the Antidotario Neapolitano corretto, 
 Neapoli, 1649, 4. 
 
 Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana, 1678, p. 171. Haller, BibliotJieca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 460. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 709 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 (only the ' Liber de Opobalsamo '). p. 649. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 673. 
 1731, I. ii. p. 197. 
 
220 DONUMDORN 
 
 DONUM Dei. 
 
 See BARUCH (SAMUEL). 
 
 According to Fictuld (Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. quite so old as that Fictuld does not venture to 
 
 67), this tract, which describes the great secret of decide, but he is of opinion that in any case it had 
 
 the Hermetic Art is assigned to Baruch, who went the same author as the book of Abraham the Jew, 
 
 into the Babylonian captivity. But whether it is and iheClavisArttsof Zoroaster, which isverylikely. 
 
 DORN (GERHARD). 
 
 Chymisticum Artificium Naturae, Theoricum & Practicum : cuius Summarium 
 versa pagella clarius indicabit : Liber plane philosophicus, in gratiam 
 omnium verse Philosophise naturalis studiosorum aeditus per Gerardum Dorn. 
 M.D.LXVIII. 
 
 Without place and printer's name. 
 
 8. Pp. [i-n] 12-156. [4 blank.] Vignette and 5 woodcuts. 
 A second and third part were published the following year. 
 
 Clavis Totius Philosophic Chymisticae, per quam obscura Philosophorum 
 dicta referantur. Compendium tres libros continens, partim physicos, 
 medicos, & pro maiori parte chymicos. Cuius Summarium versa pagella 
 indicabit. Per Gerardum Dorn. Lugduni, Apud haeredes lacobi lunctae. 
 M.D.LXVII. 
 
 16. Pp. 302. Four full page woodcuts of apparatus. MS. notes. 
 Another edition : Herbornae, apud Christophorum Corvinum, 1594, 12. 
 
 Clavis totius philosophise chemisticae. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. IQ2. 
 
 Schliissel der Chimistischen Philosophy : mit welchem die heimliche vnd 
 verborgene Dicta vnd Spriich der Philosophen, eroffnet vnd auffgeloset 
 werden. Deme das Artificium supernaturale, sampt sein angehorigen Stucken 
 vnnd Theilen, wie in nachfolgenden blettern Suffiarie zubefinden hinzu 
 gethan worden, Anfangs durch den Ehrenvesten vnnd Hochgelehrten Herrn 
 Gerardum Dornseum beider Artzney Doctorn lateinisch beschrieben, Jetz 
 aber durch ein Liebhaber der Edlen Philosophy in Teutschsprach gebracht, 
 vnd zu besserm Verstandt mit etlichen Fragen gemehret. Strafsburg, In 
 Verlegung Lazari Zetzneri Buchhandlers. Anno M.DCII. 
 
 8. Pp. [16.] 414. Register [14.] Errata [i.] [i blank] [i blank leaf wanting.] 
 Title red and black. Four woodcuts of Apparatus in the text. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 This copy has the final blank leaf. 
 This is a translation of the Clavis. 
 
 Commentaria in Archidoxorum Libros X. D. Doctoris Theophrasti Paracelsi, 
 Magni, Terquemaximi Philosophi ac Medici prse cunctis excellentissimi : 
 Antea nunquam in luce data. Quibus accessit Compendium Astronomise 
 Magnae eiusdem autoris, in amplam Operum eius declarationem, etiam 
 Latine prius nunquam editum. Per D. Gerardum Dorneum. Cum locuplete 
 Indice. Cum gratia & priuilegio Csesarese Maiestatis. Francoforti, 
 
 M.D.LXXXIIII. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 538. Index [36] [4 blank]. 
 
 Astronomia Magna begins at p. 401 with a title-page included in the pagination. 
 Without publisher's name, but doubtless Christopher Corvinus. 
 
DORN 221 
 
 DORN (GERHARD). Continued. 
 
 Congeries Paracelsicae Chemise de Transmutationibus Metallorum, ex omnibus 
 qua? de his ab ipso scripta reperire licuit hactenus. Accessit Genealogia 
 Mineralium, atq; metallorum omnium, eiusdem autoris. Gerardo Borneo 
 interprete. Francofurti Apud Andream Wechelum. M.D.LXXXI. 
 
 8. Pp. 277 [i]. 
 Colophon : Francofurti Excudebat Andr. Wechelus, Anno Salutis M.D.LXXXI. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Congeries Paracelsicas Chemise de transmutationibus metallorum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 491. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, p. 423. 
 Genealogia Mineralium atque metallorum omnium. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 568. 
 
 The Genealogia mineralium and the De transmutalionibus metallorum appeared together, Francofurti, 
 1581, 8. 
 
 Hermetis Trismegisti Tabula Smaragdina cum Expositionibus Gerardi Dornei. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 362. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 389. 
 Monarchia Physica. 
 
 See PARACELSUS (THEOPHRASTUS), Aurora, 1577. 
 
 De Naturas Luce Physica, ex Genesi desumpta, juxta sententiam Theophrasti 
 Paracelsi, Germani Philosophi ac Medici prae cunctis excellentissimi, Trac- 
 tatus. Cui annexa est modesta qusedam admonitio ad Thomam Erastum, 
 Germanum etiam Philosophum atque Medicum, de retractandis calumnijs, 
 & conuitijs in Paracelsum & suos perperam ac immeritb datis in lucem per 
 quatuor Tomos, De noua Medicina. Gerardo Dorneo autore. Francoforti, 
 Apud Christophorum Coruinum. M.D.LXXXIII. 
 
 8. Pp. 431 [really 433] [i]. Index [13, i blank]. 
 
 The Admonitio ad Erastum begins on p. 355, phia Meditativa, p. 159; Philosophia Chymica, p. 
 with a title-page. This contains : 199. 
 
 In Part I. : Physica Genesis, p. 18 ; Physica In Part II. : De Tenebris contra Naturam et 
 Hermetis Trismegisti, p. 77 ; and Tabula Smarag- Vita brevi, p. 282 ; De Duello Animi cum Corpore, 
 dina, p. 82 ; Physica Trithemii, p. 135 ; Philoso- p. 314 ; De Lapidum preciosorum structura, p. 342. 
 
 Liber de naturae luce Physica, ex Genesi desumta, in quo continetur Physica 
 Genesis, Physica Hermetis Trismegisti, Physica Trithemij, Philosophia 
 Meditativa, Philosophia Chemica. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 326. 
 
 The second part, Tractatus Alter, contains : De Duello Animi cum Corpore, and De Lapidum 
 Tenebris contra Naturam et Vita Brevis, De Preciosorum Structura. 
 
 Theophrastische Practica, das ist, aufserlesene Theophrastische Medicamenta, 
 beneben eigentlicher Beschreibung derer Preparation : Auch richtigem Nutz 
 vnd Gebrauch, weyland durch Herren, Gerhard Dorn, in Lateinischer 
 Sprache beschrieben, ins Teutsch versetzt, vnd nunmehr in Druck befordert 
 durch Michaelem Horingium Zittaviensem, Medic. Practicum zu Hall. 
 Gedruckt bey Peter Schmidt, In vorlegung Michael Oelschlagers. Anno 
 M DC XVIII. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 491 [ii]. A I has been added to the date making it appear M DC XVIIII. 
 
222 
 
 DORNDOSSIE 
 
 DORN (GERHARD). Continued. 
 
 The Dictionarium Paracelsi goes from p. 396 
 to the end ; it was published separately at Frankfurt 
 
 in 1583, 8, and was translated in a contracted way 
 into English by J. F. (y.v.). 
 
 Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo quod Lapidem Philosophies appellant. 
 Dionys. Zecharius Gallus de eodem. Auctoritatibus varijs Principum huius 
 artis, Democriti, Gebri, Lullii, Villanovani, confirmati & illustrati per 
 Gerardum Dorneum. Cum Gratia & Priuilegio Cses. Maiest. Basileae, 
 Typis Conradi Waldkirchii. Anno C!D IDC. 
 
 8. Pp. [5, i blank] 198 [4 blank]. 
 
 The tracts in this collection are the following : ately describing the Annotata ex Flamello as if 
 
 Bernhardus Trevisanus, De Alchimia Liber, p. i. they formed a commentary on Denis Zachaire's 
 
 Dionysius Zecharius, Opusculum Philosophise 
 Naturalis Metallorum, p. 49. 
 
 Annotata qusedam ex Nicolao Flamello, p. 117. 
 
 Testamentum Arnaldi Villanovani, p. 126. 
 
 Alise quasdam Annotationes ex variis authoribus, 
 p. 127. 
 
 Collectanea qusedam ex antiquis Scriptoribus, 
 p. 152. 
 
 Collectanea ex Democrito, p. 167. 
 
 Summaria Declaratio eorum, quse dicta sunt 
 hactenus ex Democrito, per senigmata, p. 194. 
 
 The first edition is that of Basel, 1583, 8. 
 
 This collection was reprinted in the Theatrum 
 Chemicum, 1602, i. pp. 773-901, and again in 1659, 
 i. pp. 683-794 1 Dut although in the table of 
 contents they are run together inaccurately, the 
 mistake is not made in the book itself of deliber- 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis, libri duo, 
 1637, p. 178. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 350. 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 58. 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 
 1727, P- 539- 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 197. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallicce, 
 
 1732, p. 48. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 P. 263. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 HermMque, 1742, i. pp. 284, 472 ; iii. p. 150, & 
 passim. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1743, iv. 
 pars i. p. 673. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1750, ii. 
 col. 193. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 54. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicin.ee practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 168 (Haller inadvertently calls him Georgius). 
 
 DOSSIE (ROBERT). 
 
 Robert Dossie geofnetes Laboratorium : oder entdeckte Geheimnisse der 
 heutigen Chemisten und Apotheker. Aus dem Englischen iibersetzt. 
 Zweyte mit Zusatzen vermehrte Auflage von Johann Christian Wiegleb. 
 Altenburg, in der Richterischen Buchhandlung. 1783. 
 
 8. Pp. [28] 452. Register [8]. 
 Of Robert Dossie little or nothing seems to be burg, 1760 ; and the above, Altenburg, 1783, by 
 
 tract. 
 
 Gmelin (Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, ' PP- 6' 
 61) seems to have misunderstood the title of the 
 tract as given both in this Collection (p. 117) and 
 in the Theatrum Chemicum, i. p. 748. The error 
 was apparently introduced by Manget, of entering 
 Flamel's Annotata as if they were written upon 
 Denis Zachaire. See note on Zachaire. 
 
 Gerard Dorn flourished in the latter half of the 
 XVI. century at Frankfurt a. M. He was a devoted 
 adherent of Paracelsus and defended him from the 
 attacks of Erastus and others, while he himself had 
 a controversy with Jacques Gohory. He translated 
 several of the works of Paracelsus into Latin, and 
 besides those in the present collection wrote a 
 good many others. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 10. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 208, 508, 577. 
 
 Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheide- 
 kunst, 1788, i. p. 129. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 264, 
 &c. 
 
 Biographie Attdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iii. p. 512. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 321. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wdrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 596. 
 
 Dictionnaire EncyclopMique des Sciences Mfdi- 
 cales, 1884, xxx. p. 402. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 220 ; ii. pp. 344, 
 352, 363, 389. 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracehica, Berlin, 1894, 
 i. passim. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 2nd Series, 1899, iv. 
 P- 477- 
 
 recorded. He was an apothecary in London, and 
 the date of his death is given as 20 Feb., 1777. 
 He helped to found the Society for the encourage- 
 ment of arts, manufactures and commerce, which 
 first met in 1754. The works ascribed to him are 
 the following : 
 
 Elaboratory laid open, London, 1758, 8. Trans- 
 lated into German by G. H. Konigsdorfer, Alten- 
 
 J. Chn. Wiegleb. 
 
 Institutes of Experimental Chemistry, London, 
 1759, 2 vols. , 8. German translation, Altenburg, 
 1762, 2 vols., 8. An edition of 1763 is mentioned. 
 
 Theory and practice of chirurgical pharmacy, 
 London, 1761, 8. 
 
 Papers in the Memoirs of Agriculture and other 
 oeconomical arts, London, 1768-1781. 
 
DOSSIEDREBBEL 223 
 
 DOSSIE (ROBERT). Continued. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 479. Biographic Mtfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chiritrgica, 1775, ii. p. 476. 25), iii. p. 517. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 551. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mide- 
 
 Baunier, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 42. cine, 1834, II. i. p. 120. 
 
 J. D. Reuss, Das gelehrte England, 1791-1804. Philippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 356, 1855, p. 639. 
 
 382, 460-1, 696. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 597. 
 1806-8, p. 336. 
 
 DREBBEL (CORNELIUS). 
 
 Gornelii Drebelii von Alckmar in Nord-Holland Tractat oder Abhandlung 
 von Natur und Eigenschafft der Elementen, ingleichen des Donners, 
 Blitzes, Hitze, Kalte, Windes, Regens, Hagels und Schnees, &c., so sich in 
 der obern und untern Region erzeigen und wozu sie Anlafs geben. Deme 
 vorgefuget einige Merckwiirdigkeiten, so man bin und her von diesem 
 weisen Mann angetroffen, nebst einem Anhang von der Quint-Essenz oder 
 5ten Wesen in alien drey Reichen der Natur. Und einer Zueignungs- 
 Schrifft, von dem Primo mobili oder erstbeweglichen Dinge. Wie auch 
 Herrn Edmund Hallei Erzehlungen von denen Winden, zusammen gesamm- 
 let und herausgegeben von Polycarpo Chrysostomo. Leipzig, verlegts 
 
 Johafi Sigmund Straufs, Buchhandler in Hoff. 1723. 
 
 8. Pp. [28] 106. [List of books, etc., 5, i blank]. Title red and black, i wood- 
 cut. 2 engraved leaves. 
 
 Halley's tract on the winds begins on p. 65 with a separate title, but the signatures 
 and pagination are continuous. 
 
 Cornelii Drebbeli von Alkmar, des sehr beriihmten Philosophi und furtrefflichen 
 Adepti, Griindliche Aufflosung, von der Natur und Eigenschafft der Elemen- 
 ten, und was die Ursache dafs Donner und Blitz, Hitz und Kalte, Winde, 
 Regen, Hagel und Schnee, fich in der obern und untern Region erzeugen, 
 und worzu selbige Anlafs geben? Mit einem Anhang und klaren Beweifs, 
 die von so vielen gesuchte Quint-Essenz aus alien dreyen Reichen zu haben, 
 auch herrlichen Dedication voni Primo Mobili, sambt andern raren Physica- 
 lischen Fragen, von einem Liebhaber der Hermetischen Kunst herausgegeben. 
 Franckfurt am Ma'yn, verlegts Margaretha Gertraud Isingin im Jahr Christi 
 
 8. Pp. 118. 
 
 Abhandlung von der Quintessenz. 
 
 See. SCHRODER (FR. J. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772, I. ii. p. 291. 
 
 Deux Traitez Philosophiques : 
 
 I. De la nature des Elemens. 
 II. De la Quinte-Essence. 
 See DIVERS TRAITEZ de la Philosophie Naturelle, 1672, p. 175. 
 
 Drebbel was born at Alkmaar in Northern credited, though inaccurately, with the invention of 
 
 Holland in 1572. Though only a peasant he was the thermometer. He discovered, in part acci- 
 
 wealthy, but in the wars he was taken prisoner dentally, the lake formed when a tin salt is added 
 
 and lost his property. On being set free he came to cochineal, which was used for dyeing scarlet, 
 
 to London, where he died in 1634. He constructed and as an alchemist he was in communication with 
 
 a submarine boat in which he sailed from West- Rudolph II. In the present work on the elements 
 
 minster to Greenwich, and he seems to have been he describes experiments to illustrate the formation 
 
 an ingenious mechanician and maker of apparatus, of the wind. 
 
 and a clever optician, and he has been even His tracts were written in Dutch, and printed 
 
224 
 
 DREBBELDRECHSZLER 
 
 DREBBEL (CORNELIUS). Continued. 
 
 at Rotterdam in 1702. They were translated 
 into Latin by Joachim Morsius (Hamburg), 
 1621 ; Geneva, 1628. The French translation 
 appeared at Paris, 1673, 12. Hoefer mentions 
 
 Borel, De vero Telescopii Inventore . . . Historia, 
 1655, pp. 19, 22, 37, 56, 57 (' vir circa naturae secreta 
 curiosissimus '). 
 
 Becher, Narrische Weifsheit, Frankfurt, 1682, 
 p. 149. (The submarine boat. ) 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 226. 
 
 Paschius, De inventis nov-antiquis Tractatus, 
 Lips., 1700 (refers p. 624 to the thermometer, p. 
 651 to the submarine boat with which he sailed 
 under the Thames, p. 698 to his Perpetuum Mobile, 
 and p. 700 to various optical instruments). 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, Lubecag, 1732, ii. p. 326 
 (Drebbel's telescope) ; p. 337 (tract on the Elements). 
 
 Zedler, Universal Lexicon, Halle u. Leipzig, 
 1734, vii. col. 1412. 
 
 Weidler, Historia Astronomic, 1741, p. 437. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 HermMque, 1742, i. p. 472 ; iii. p. 152. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, Leipzig, 
 1750, ii. col. 212. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 68 (ex- 
 tolled for his piety). 
 
 Morri, Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 
 1759, iv. p. 245 (list of his inventions). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 499. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 80. 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit, 
 1786, ii. p. 125 (calls him a charlatan). 
 
 Beckmann, Beytrage zur Geschichte der Erfin- 
 
 a German translation, Erfurt, 1624, and Schmieder 
 says it was reprinted in Kleeblatt's Chymische 
 Tractdtlein, Frankf. u. Leipz., 1768, 8. 
 
 diingen, Leipzig, 1792, iii. p. 43 (gives an account of 
 the discovery of scarlet). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, Gottingen, 1797, 
 i. pp. 308, 309, 358. 
 
 J. C. Fischer, Geschichte der Pkysik, 1801, i. pp. 
 183, 200 (on the microscope), 215 (thermometer). 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchcmie, 1832, p. 359. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopiidie, 1836, 
 xxvii. p. 357. 
 
 Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathtmatiqties en 
 Italic, 1841, iv. p. 193 (about the thermometer). 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, Paris, 1843, ii. 
 p. 133 ; 1869, ii. p. 128. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1852, xi. p. 299. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1855, xiv. col. 745. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck, Haar- 
 lem, 1858, iv. p. 322 (and the references). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 ivorterbnch, 1863, i. col. p. 602. 
 
 Ladra.g\ie,Bi&tiot/iegue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 922-23. 
 
 Poggendorff, Geschichte der Physik, 1879, pp. 
 257 (thermometer), 259 (life), 260 (microscope, 
 various machines). 
 
 Mittheilungen zur Geschichte der Medizin und 
 Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben von der 
 Deutschen Gesellschaft fiir Geschichte der Medizin 
 und der Naturwissenschaften, 1902, No. 3, p. 143 
 (article by E. Wohlvvill on the early history of the 
 Thermometer). 
 
 DRECHSZLER QOHANN GABRIEL). 
 
 Q. D. B. V. Disputatio I. De Metallorum Transmutatione, et imprimis de 
 Chrysopoeia oder Goldmachen, Qvam Ex benevolo Indultu Ampliss. Facult. 
 Philos. in Acad. Lips. Posterioris Disputationis vice Pro Loco in Eadem 
 conseqvendo, Die II. April. Anno Christi M.DC.LXXIII. P. P. M. Job. 
 Gabr. Drechfsler, Gymnas. qvod Halae floret, Coll. des. Lipsiae, Vypis 
 Tiduae (sic) Job. Wittigau. 
 
 4. Pp. [16]. 
 
 Q. D. B. V. Disputatio II. De Metallorum Transmutatione, et imprimis de 
 Chrysopoeia oder Goldmachen, qvam Superiorum indultu, prseside M. Joh. 
 Gabr. Drechfsler, Gymnas. qvod Halae floret, Coll. des. Praeceptore suo 
 sincere colendo, P. P. Abraham Christophorus Platz, Lipsiensis, Philos. Stud. 
 Die III. April. A. M.DC.LXXIII. H. L. Q. C. Lipsiae, Typis Viduae 
 
 Toh. Wittigau. 
 
 4 . PP. [16]. 
 
 M. Gabriel Drechfslers Curieuser Tractat von Goldmachen, aus dem Lateinischen 
 ins Deutsche iibersetzet von M.M. Drefsden und Leipzig, Bey Johann 
 Christoph Miethen, 1702. 
 
 8. Pp. 44. 
 
 This is a translation of both Drechfsler's disputations. 
 
 Drechfsler of Wolckenstein was a Mag. Philoso- subjects as Hebrew poetry, David's harp the 
 phke, Baccal. Theol. and teacher in the gymnasium language of brutes, etc., etc. He died 20 Oct., 
 at Halle. Besides the above, he wrote on such 1677. 
 
DRECHSZLERDREY 225 
 
 DRECHSZLER QOHANN GABRIEL). Continued. 
 
 Witte, Diarium biographic urn, 1688, sig. Nnnn Leipzig, 1751, calls the author a great philosopher, 
 
 3 verso, Ann. 20 Oct., 1677. but has a very poor opinion of his knowledge of 
 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecte Metallicce, alchemy.) 
 
 ed. Briickmann, 1732, p. 48. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 25. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Ge/ehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 
 col. 213. 419. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 55. (He Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 344. 
 
 mentions a tract on gold-making, Frankfurt & "* 
 
 DREY CURIEUSE . . . Chymische Schrifften. 
 
 Drey curieuse bifsher gantz geheim gehaltene nun aber denen Liebhabern 
 der Kunst zum besten an das Tages-Licht gegebene Chymische Schrifften, als 
 
 I. Nicolai Soleae Philosophische Grund-Satze, 
 II. Herrn C. L. v. L. Chymischer Catechismus. 
 III. CXXX. Grund-Satze aus dem Toscanischen in das Teutsche iibersetzet 
 
 von einem Liebhaber Philosophischer Geheimnifse. 
 Leipzig, verlegts Johann Sigmund Straufs, Buchhandler in Hoff, 1723. 
 8. Pp. 40. Title red and black. Vignette of Dee's ' Monas Hieroglyphica.' 
 
 The CXXX. Grund-Satze is a translation of the Centum viginti novem propositiones 
 by Bracesco (q.v. ), which precede his Dialogi duo. The hundred and thirtieth 
 proposition is the extra one. 
 
 Drey curieuse bifsher gantz geheim gehaltene nun aber denen Liebhabern 
 der Kunst zum besten an das Tages-Licht gegebene Chymische Schrifften, als 
 I. Nicolai Soleae Philosophische Grund-Satze, 
 II. Herrn C. L. v. L. Chymischer Catechismus. 
 III. CXXX. Grund-Satze aus dem Toscanischen in das Teutsche iibersetzet 
 
 von einem Liebhaber Philosophischer Geheimnisse. 
 
 Franckfurt am Mayn, auf Kosten eines Liebhabers denen Kindern der 
 Weifsheit zum Nutzen wieder gedruckt. 1733. 
 
 8. Pp. 40. Vignette of Dee's ' Monas Hieroglyphica.' 
 
 DREY CURIEUSE Chymische Tractatlein. 
 
 Drey Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, betittelt : Ambrosii Miillers, Paradeis- 
 Spiegel, darin zu besehen die hochste Medicin, Gold und Menschen damit 
 zu curiren. Der Teutschen Schtitzen-Hoff, so der allererste Philosophus 
 Adam, unser aller Vater ausschreiben und ausruffen lassen, an alle Schiitze" 
 so Lust nach der Scheibe zu schiessen haben. Beschreibung des grossen 
 Geheimnisses des Steins der Weisen, als der von Gott erbethenen und 
 erhaltenen Weifsheit des Konigs Salomonis. Von einen (sic) Q. J. R. V. 
 M. D. Franckfurt und Leipzig, In Verlegung, Christian Liebezeits. 
 Lauenburg, Gedruckt bey Christian Albrecht Pfeiffer. 1704. 
 
 8. Pp. 128. 4 plates. 
 
 The second and third tracts have separate titles, pagination and signatures, viz. : 
 
 Das Andere Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, genandt : Der Teutschen Schutzen- 
 Hoff, so der aller erste Philosophus Adam, unser aller Vater ausschreiben und aus- 
 ruffen lassen, an alle Schiitzen, so Lust nach der Scheibe zu schiessen haben. 
 Franckfurt und Leipzig, In Verlegung, Christian Liebezeits. Lauenburg, Gedruckt 
 bey Christian Albrecht Pfeiffer. Im Jahr 1704. 
 
 Pp. 60. Folding table, printed on both sides ; folding plate. 
 P 
 
226 DRE Y 
 
 DREY CURIEUSE Chymische Tractatlein. Continued. 
 
 Das Dritte Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, genannt : Beschreibung des grossen 
 Geheimniisses des Steins der Weisen, als der von Gott erbethenen und erhaltenen 
 Weifsheit des Konigs Salomonis, von einem Q. J. R. V. M. D. Franckfurt und 
 Leipzig, In Verlegung Christian Liebezeits. Im Jahr 1704. 
 
 Pp. 16. 
 
 This consists of three pieces from G'ULUENE ROSE, viz. : 'Jesus,' 'Eine sophistische 
 Aria von der Weisen Stein,' ' Ratzel.' See V. (j. R.). 
 
 Drey Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, Das Erste, betitult : Giildene Rose, 
 das ist, einfaltige Beschreibung des allergrossesten, von dem Allmachtigsten 
 Schopffer Himels und der Erden Jehovah in die Natur gelegten, und dessen 
 Freunden und Auserwehlten zugetheilten Geheimnisses, als Spiegels der 
 Gottlichen und Natiirlichen Weifsheit. Das Ander Brun der Weifsheit und 
 Erkantnis der Natur, von einem unvergleichlichen Philosopho gegraben. 
 Das Dritte Blut der Natur, oder : Entdeckung des allergeheimsten Schatzes 
 derer Weisen, seyende nichts anders, als der rothe Lebens-Safft davon alle 
 Geschopfe nach dem Willen des Allmachtigen herstamen, erhalten und 
 fortgepflantzet werden. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1706. 
 
 8. Pp. 70. Frontispiece extra. Title red and black. A fragment containing 
 Giildene Rose only. 
 
 The title as given above is repeated on a separate edited by a person calling himself ANONYMUS VON 
 
 page ; but after the word ' Weisheit ' there is SCHWART2FUSS, q.v. 
 
 added : Ans Licht gebracht durch J. R. V. M.D. This collection was reissued at Frankfurt, 1774, 
 
 Franckfurt und Leipzig, Im Jahr 1706. See 8 (Beytrag zur Geschickte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 further under v. (j. R.). p. 676), and the tracts were included in FUNF 
 
 The second and third of these tracts are also CURIEUSE CHYMISCHE TRACTATLEIN, 1767, q.v. 
 
 DREYFACHES Hermetisches Kleeblat. 
 
 See MONTE CUBITI (VIGILANTIUS DE), 1667. 
 
 See Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 338, for titles in which ' Kleeblatt ' occurs. 
 
 DREY kleine Schriften als Beytrage zur Naturlehre und der hoheren Chymie, 
 erstlich einzeln gedruckt, nun aber zusammen gezogen und herausgegeben 
 von dem Verfasser selbst. Anno 1778. 
 
 8. Pp.56. No place (Danzig?) or printer. 
 
 The three articles are : Versuch tiber die allgememe Verwandschaft der 
 
 Chemia in Nuce, oder : kurze doch aufrichtige drey Naturreiche, Danzig, 1777, p. 19. 
 Anweisung zu der Wissenschaft der Zerlegung der Sendschreiben eines Meyerianers an einen Blacki- 
 Korper,i777, p. 5. aner in Ansehung der fixen Luft und der fetten 
 
 Saure, 1778, p. 43. 
 
 DREY unterschiedliche . . . Tractatlein. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chemica, 1606. 
 
 DREY vortreffliche und noch nie im Druck gewesene Chymische Biicher. als I. 
 Johannis Ticinensis eines Bohmischen Priesters opusculum, genandt Processus 
 de Lapide Philosophorum. II. Anthonij de Abbatia eines erfahren Munches 
 in der Kunst, aufsgefartigtes Send-Schreiben. III. Des weltberuhmten 
 Engellanders Edoardi Kellsei aufsfiihrlicher Tractat dem Kayser Rudolpho 
 zugeschrieben. Allen der Geheimen und Hohen Kunst Liebhabern zu nutz 
 und mercklichem Unterricht in Teutscher Sprach ubergesetzet, heraufs 
 
DREYDUCLO 227 
 
 DREY vortreffliche, etc. Continued. 
 
 gegeben, durch Einen der niemals gnug gepriesenen Wissenschafft sonder- 
 bahren Beforderer. Mit einer Warnungs- Vorrede wieder die Sophisten und 
 Betrieger. Hamburg, In Verlegung Johan Nauman, 1670. 
 
 8. Pp. 160. 
 
 Petraeus' 'Vorrede,' pp. 3-38. Edwardus Kellajus, p. 113. 
 
 Dedicatory Verses, pp. 39-41. Petraeus was the editor of this collection ; see 
 
 Johannes Ticinensis' tract in verse is in Latin his 'Vorrede' to Basilius Valentinus' Schrifften, 
 
 and German on alternate pages, p. 42. 1769, sig. k 5, verso. 
 Anthonius de Abbatia, p. 85. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 DUCHESNE (JOSEPH). 
 
 See QUERCETANUS (jOSEPHUS). 
 
 DUCLO (GASTON). 
 
 Philosophia Chymica Tribus Tractatibus comprehensa. Quorum seriem sequens 
 pagina indicat. Opus doctissimum, et nunc primiim integrum in lucem 
 editum. Auctore Gastone Dulcone Claveo, Subpraeside Nivernensi Gallo. 
 Colonise Allobrogum. Apud lohannem Vignon. M.DC.XII. 
 8. Pp. [15, i blank] ; 151 [i blank] ; 94 [2 blank]. 
 
 The three tracts are : To these are added Canones dectm, which are 
 
 I. Apologia Chrysopceice et Argyropoeice adversus the foundation of the whole work, and Penotus' 
 Doct. ThomamErastutn,inquadispvtaturetdocetvr, epistle, preface, and marginal annotations. 
 
 An, quid, et quomodo sit Argyro-Chrysopeeia. Other editions of the Apologia, Nevers, 1590, 8 ; 
 
 II. De triplici preeparatione Auri et Argenti Geneva, 1598; Ursel, 1602; of the De triplici 
 huic Arti snmme necessaria, vera et non fucata praparatione, Nevers, 1592 ; Ursel, 1601 ; Frank- 
 demonstratio. furt, 1602 ; in French, Paris, 1695, 12 ; German, 
 
 III. De vera et recta ratione progigne ndi Lapidis Halle, 1617; De recta &* vera ratione, Nevers, 
 Philosophici. . . . explicatio. 1592. 
 
 Apologia Chrysopceiae et Argyropoeias adversus Thomam Erastum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 6. 
 
 Canones seu Regulae decem, de Lapide Philosophico. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 414. 
 See FILET (Le) d' Ariadne, 1695. 
 
 De recta et vera Ratione progignendi Lapidis philosophic}, seu Salis Argentifici 
 et Aurifici. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1 659, iv. p. 388. 
 
 De triplici prseparatione Auri et Argenti. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 371. 
 
 Traitd Philosophique de la triple Preparation de 1'Or et de 1'Argent. 
 
 See DICTIONNAIRE HERMETIQUE, 1695. 
 
 Almost every authority gives the name of this translated as Gaston de Clave. Gaston Dulco is a 
 
 author as Gaston Dulco Claveus, or Gaston de transposition which gave rise to Le Doux, itself a 
 
 Clave called Dulco or Le Doux. But this, accord- translator's error. Duclo was born in the Nivernois 
 
 ing to Gobet, is a ' horrible disfigurement of his about 1530, as on his portrait dated 1590 he is said 
 
 real name, which is Gaston Duclo. This was to be 60 years of age. He studied law, and was 
 
 Latinised to Claveus, and afterwards it was re- an advocate at Nevers, but from a comparatively 
 
228 
 
 DUCLODUTTEL 
 
 DUCLO (GASTON). Continued. 
 
 early age he seems to have taken also an interest 
 in chemistry. Having read Erastus' attack on 
 Paracelsus, he wrote the above Apologia, and 
 published it at Nevers in 1590. It was dedicated 
 to the Due de Nivernois, and in it he calls himself 
 Gaston Duclo, with the date, Calends of April, 
 1590.' 
 
 Gobet says that Roth-Scholtz is the only one who 
 has given Duclo's name correctly, but he seems 
 to have made a mistake, for in Roth-Scholtz's 
 Bibliotheca the present writer appears under Claveus, 
 and the person who is entered under du Clos flourished 
 nearly a hundred years later, and besides is called 
 Dominic, and is well known as the author of a 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 62. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 42. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 317, 318, 474 ; iii. p. 154. 
 
 Gobet, Les Anciens Mincralogistes du Royaume 
 de France, 1779, i. pp. 15-22. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 89 (Gasto 
 Dulco Claveus). 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 PP- 570. 595- 
 
 treatise on mineral waters and other writings. 
 After such a mistake one is a little doubtful of the 
 accuracy of Gobet's views on this subject, and I 
 have not been able to check them by reference 
 to the editions he quotes, but I have assumed 
 that what he says is correct, and have given the 
 author's name as Duclo. It may be observed that 
 although Ladrague quotes Gobet's opinion, he 
 adheres to the form Dulco. 
 
 Hoefer admits the possibility of Dulco being a 
 corruption of Duclos, in which case an alchemical 
 MS. in the Library of the Arsenal by Duclos may 
 have been by the present person. 
 
 There is no mention of the date of his death. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 307. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 99. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 296. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, ii. p. 123; 
 1869, ii. p. 118. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqf, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 578, 963-965. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 54 ; ii. p. 343 
 (under Claves). 
 
 DUCROTAY DE BLAINVILLE (HENRI-MARIE). 
 See JOURNAL de Physique, etc. 
 
 Ducrotay de Blainville was born at Argues, near 
 Dieppe, 12 September, 1778. He became M.D. 
 of the Faculty of Paris, Assistant-Professor of 
 Zoology, Anatomy and Comparative Physiology in 
 the Faculty of Science, Assistant of Cuvier in the 
 Jardin du Roi and College of France, and Professor 
 of Natural History in the Athenaeum of Paris. 
 He belonged to various scientific societies, and 
 was a member of the Academy of Sciences. He 
 
 died in 1850 in a railway carriage during a journey 
 between Paris and Rouen. 
 
 His work was confined to Natural History. He 
 wrote only a few books, but the number of 
 memoirs which he* read to the Societies and the 
 papers which he published in journals is very 
 great indeed. In addition, he was editor for a 
 time of the above journal. 
 
 Querard, La France littiraire, 1830, ii. p. 635. 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1862, vi. col. 171. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 207. 
 
 DUEL DES CHEVALIERS. 
 
 See TRES-ANCIEN DUEL des Chevaliers. 
 
 DUELLUM Equestre. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 529. 
 See STERNHALS (jOHANN). 
 
 This is different from the preceding. 
 
 DUTTEL (PHILIP JACOB). 
 
 D. Philippi Jac. Diittelii, Reipublicae Mefningensis, Physici Senioris, Demon- 
 stratio Sincera, de Alchimistarum Vanitate, oder Aufrichtiger Beweifs der 
 Eitelkeit der Goldmacher, da selbige ohne Grund vorgeben, mit dem Stein 
 der Weisen nicht nur Gold zu machen, sondern auch mit dem Menstruo 
 Universal! das Gold radicaliter zu solviren, und mit denen Gold Tincturen, 
 theils fast alle, ja sonsten incurable Zustande zu curieren, theils den 
 Menschen vor Kranckheiten zu praeserviren und zu einem hohen Alter 
 zubringen. Welchem beygefiiget ist, eine Anweisung und Information, wie 
 ein Mensch, durch observirung einer guten Diset, und Gebrauch einiger gar 
 wenigen aufserlesenen Medicamenten, ohne die Gold-Tincturen, sich gesund 
 
D UTTELD UUMVIRA TUS 229 
 
 DUTTEL (PHILIP JACOB). Continued. 
 
 conserviren, zu einem hohen Alter gelangen, und vor allerhand Arthen 
 Kranckheiten, auf das moglichste praeserviren, und sein eigner Medicus 
 sein konne. Augspurg, Zufinden im Mertz und Mayrischen Buch-Laden. 
 MDCCXXXVII. 
 
 8. Pp. [12.] 98. [4.] MS. notes. 
 
 I have not succeeded in finding anything about Haller (Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 181) 
 
 this author. He is not mentioned by writers on quotes by Diittel : Tractatus demrulenla plantar um 
 
 the history of alchemy. His attack, however, on indole, August. Vindel., 1722, 8. 
 
 alchemy is such an uncompromising one that it The present author must not be confused with 
 
 merits consideration in order to learn what a con- Al. J. Uiittel, author of a Dissertatio de corpore 
 
 temporary considered the weak points of the Gummoso, Argentin., 1767, 4, quoted by Gmelin, 
 
 pursuit. Geschichte der CJiemie, 1798, ii. p. 701. 
 
 DUFRESNOY. 
 
 See LENGLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS). 
 
 DULCO CLAVEUS (GASTON). 
 See DUCLO (GASTON). 
 
 DU MONSTIER. 
 
 See LEFEVRE (NICOLAS), 1751. 
 
 DUNSTAN. 
 
 See COLSON (LANCELOT). 
 
 DURASTANTES (JANUS MATTH^US). 
 
 See MANLIUS DE BOSCHO (JOANNES JACOBUS), Luminare Majus, 1566. 
 
 For this work Durastantes has contributed a de Voluminibus, & in Rhetorica, & in Poesi, 
 
 dedication to the Senate of Macerata, indices, and & in Dialectica, & in Philosophia & Medicina 
 
 a commentary on Manlius' text. tarn Theoriae, quam praxios, a se conscriptis. This 
 
 He belonged to Justinopolis (Capo d'Istria) but enumeration is reprinted in the present work, 
 
 I have not succeeded in finding any details of his f. 142, after his "Encomium in nonnullos Italos, 
 
 life. He flourished in the middle of the sixteenth Picenos, Maceratenses, Sanctoiustanos, et Medicos, 
 
 century and was a voluminous author. A list of et Pharmacopoeos, et Viros. " 
 his writings is contained in his own work : Libellus 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis tnedicis libri duo, Adelung, Supplement to Jb'cher's Allgemeines 
 
 1637, p. 237. . Gelehrten-Lexicon. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renouatus, 1686, p. 504. Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1858, xv. col. 443. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 205. cales, 1884, xxx. p. 678. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 164, 312. 
 
 DU ROY (JEAN LUCAS). 
 See BEGUIN (JEAN). 
 
 DU TEIL. 
 
 See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH), La premiere partie de 1'ceuvre Minerale, 1674. 
 
 DUUM Viri Hermetici Foederati Epistel. 
 
 See also FREUNDLICHES Send-Schreiben eines Adepti an die ... Duumviros 
 
 Hermeticos Fcederatos, 1684. 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 262. 
 
 DUUMVIRATUS Hermeticus. 
 
 See BECKER (J. J.), Opuscula Chymica Rariora, 1719, No. II. p. 63. 
 
230 DUVALD YRRA CHIUM 
 
 DUVAL (ROBERT). 
 
 See VALLENSIS (ROBERTUS). 
 
 DYDACUS SENERTUS. 
 
 Sendschreiben an die wahren Schiller Hermetis. 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1765, p. 224. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii- P- X 5- 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 61. 
 See LIMOJON DE SAINT DISDIER (ALEXANDRE TOUSSAINT DE). 
 
 Dydacus Senertus is a reading of Dives Sicut Ardens S * * * which stands for 
 Sanctus Desiderius, i.e. Sanct Disdier. 
 
 DYRRACHIUM Philosophicum. 
 See XAMOLXIDES. 
 
E. C. D. M.ECK 
 
 231 
 
 E. C. D. M. 
 
 See c. (E.), D.M. 
 
 E. (H. v.). 
 
 50 von verschiedener Art, ganz neu erfundene und bewahrte Kunststiicke zur 
 angenehmen Unterhaltung und Zeitvertreib fur junge Leute, und andere 
 Liebhaber von H. v. E. Zweyte verbesserte Auflage. Augsburg, 1798. 
 
 In Verlag C. F. Biirglen, Buch- und Kunsthandler. 
 
 8. Pp. 59 [5 blank]. Title red and black. 
 
 tions given are very curious, considering the date 
 of the book. The author can have known nothing 
 of the science of the time. Does H. v. E. stand 
 for Hans von Ettner ? 
 
 I have not found the date of the previous edition. 
 It is a collection of trivial experiments, without any 
 special plan or end in view. Some of them will 
 succeed, others certainly will not. The explana- 
 
 EBERHARD (JOHANN PETER). 
 Abhandlung von der Magie. 
 
 See WIEGLEB (JOHANN CHRISTIAN), Die natiirliche Magie, 1782, p. i. 
 
 Eberhard, son of Christopher Eberhard in the 
 Russian service, who invented an instrument for 
 geographical measurements and wrote on mag- 
 netism, brother of Johann Paul Eberhard, Stolberg- 
 Wernigerode, Architect, was born at Altona, 2 Dec., 
 1727. He took the degree of M.D., acted as 
 Decent from 1749, and Professor of Medicine from 
 1756, of Mathematics from 1766, and Physics from 
 1769 at Halle, and Biichner says extraordinary 
 professor of Philosophy there. He was the 
 Electoral Assessor of the Academy of useful 
 
 Biichner, Academia . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 515, No. 580. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der von 1750 bis 1800 verstor- 
 benen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1804, iii. p. 12. 
 
 Sciences at Mayence, and was chosen a member of 
 the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, 20 Sept., 1753. 
 He died at Halle, 17 Dec., 1779. 
 
 He was the author of a number of books and 
 papers on physical subjects, light, colour, heat, 
 electricity, thunder storms, the Aurora borealis, 
 general principles of nature, and the application 
 of mathematics to the construction of machines, 
 to optics, to mining, etc., which were published at 
 Halle, and in the Acts of the Academy. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 640. 
 
 EBERLEIN (CASPAR). 
 
 Oleum Antimonii : Die Fixatio, sein Quinta Essen. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz- und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii. 
 
 P- 293- 
 See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 579. 
 
 Respecting the name of this person it may be 
 observed that in the contents of the books he is 
 
 called Eberlein, and in the text Oberlein ; but 
 which of these is the correct form I do not know. 
 
 ECK DE SULTZBACH (PAUL). 
 Clavis Philosophorum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 1007. 
 
ECKEGLINUS 
 
 ECK DE SULTZBACH (PAUL). Continued. 
 
 The only person who has taken special notice of of silver in nitric acid some mercury with more 
 
 this chemist is Hoefer, and he has, perhaps, read nitric acid, was quite well known, though the 
 
 more into the above tract than its author could details for the success of the experiment are not 
 
 have had any knowledge of. Hoefer states that he given. 
 
 is omitted by Lenglet Dufresnoy, and is unknown The other anticipation or discovery claimed for 
 
 to other historians. That is an oversight, because him by Hoefer is the increase in weight by the 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy mentions him twice in his calcination of metals, which is due to a 'spirit' 
 
 catalogue, and the name occurs also in Gmelin's which unites with them, for when the 'ash' of 
 
 history and elsewhere, so that he has not been mercury, or 'artificial cinnabar' (supposed to be 
 
 absolutely neglected. the red oxide), is distilled, it gives off a spirit. 
 
 But he did not live in the seventeenth century, as But do Eck's words express all that so precisely, 
 
 Gmelin implies, and he was not a wandering and is Hoefer's interpretation of his terms quite 
 
 alchemist such as abounded in Germany at that legitimate? Still, discounting a large part of 
 
 time. A date, November, 1489, is specified in the Hoefer's explanation, enough remains to make the 
 
 tract itself, which must be accepted if the tract be tract an interesting one. 
 
 deemed genuine. This is of some importance, for A work, ' De lapide Philosophico,' said to be by 
 
 if Hoefer's interpretations be only partially true, Eck was edited by Tanckius. and published at 
 
 the knowledge of certain chemical phenomena Frankfurt a. M., 1604, 8. By Ladrague he is 
 
 must be placed much earlier than is usually done. credited with the well-known tracts, Ludus puerorum 
 
 In the tract Hoefer shows that the method of and Labor Mulierum. I do not know his 
 
 making the tree of Diana, by adding to a solution authority for this. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 84, 265. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1855, p. 501 (refers to the increase of weight by 
 
 HermMque, 1742. calcination of metals). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 513. Cap, Etudes biographiques, 1864, ii. p. 360. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 446 ; Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 1866, i. p. 471. Secretes, 1870, No. 1013. 
 
 ECKHART. 
 
 Des getreuen Eckharts entlauffener Chymicus, 1696. 
 
 Des getreuen Eckarths Medicinischer Maul-Affe oder der entlarvte Marckt- 
 Schreyer. 1720. 
 See ETTNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH VON). 
 
 EDELGEBORNE (Dm) Jungfer Alchymia . . . Tubingen, 1730. 
 
 See CREILING (JOHANN CONRAD). 
 
 EFFERRARIUS. See FERRARIUS. 
 
 EGENDORFFER (WOLFFGANG). 
 
 Domus Sapientiae, in qua dies festus agitur a Sole Theologico. sive acta 
 illustriora Angelici Doctoris Thomas de Aquino, Ex ord. S. Dominici. . . . 
 M.DC.XCIV. Graecij, Apud Hseredes Widmanstadij. 
 
 8. Sigs. A-D, in eights. 
 This is a life and eloge of Thomas Aquinas, and des not relate to chemistry at all. 
 
 EGIDIUS DE VADIS. 
 
 See EGIDIUS DE VADIS. 
 
 EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL). 
 
 Disquisitio de Helia Artium ad illustrissimum principem Mauritium, Hassise 
 Landgravium, &c. ^piap^ia. Lipsiae, Apud lohannem Rosam Biblio- 
 
 polam. Anno M.DC.VI. 
 
 8. Pp. [141, 3 blank]. Title red and black. Vignette of chemical symbols. 
 
 The above is included in HAPELIUS 1 Cheiragogia This 1606 edition has ' Raphael Eglinus Iconius' 
 
 Heliana, 1612, p. 103 (q.v.}, but as will be seen by as the name of the author of the dedication at the 
 
 comparison of signatures F 7 redo to G 3 recto in beginning of it, and his initials R. E. I. at the end. 
 
 the above with pp. 194-197 in the 1612 reprint, and In the 1612 edition the author calls himself 
 
 of certain pages towards the conclusion, some ' Nicolaus Niger Hapelius, Anagrammatizomenos. 
 
 changes have been made. ... . Now this latter name is truly an anagram of the 
 
EGLINUSEHLE 
 
 EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL). Continued. 
 
 former, and in the 1612 edition the initials R. E. I. D. 
 and R. E. J. T. appear at the end of the prefaces, 
 and R. E. I. at the end of the Aphorismi, which 
 confirms the identity, for the D. and T. are 
 obviously adjuncts merely. 
 
 Kopp quotes an edition of Marburg, 1606, which 
 has on the title-page and at the end of the dedica- 
 tion the name of Heliophilus Percis, so that there 
 seem to be two editions, or at least two different 
 issues, of this book with the same date. The 
 reprint in the Theatrum Chetnicnm has teen made 
 from this edition, and not from that of Leipzig 
 above. It is prefaced by an epistle ' Philochemicis,' 
 signed Heliophilus a Percis Philochemicus, which 
 is not in the Leipzig edition, but is in that of 1612. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz makes mention of another Marburg 
 edition : 
 
 Disquisitio de Helia Artista, in qua de metal- 
 lorum transformatione adversus Hagellii & Pererii 
 Jesuitarum opiniones, evidenter & solid6 disseritur. 
 [Editio postrema, correctior et melior.J Acces- 
 serunt recens Canones hermetici, de spintu, anima 
 & corpore majoris & minoris mundi, cum appendice, 
 Marpurgi, 1608, 8. 
 
 This title resembles that given by Hapelius 
 (p. 103), but it is not identical with it. There is a 
 copy of this edition in the British Museum. 
 
 The confusion seems to have arisen from the 
 appearance of both names in the 1612 edition 
 issued under the anagram of Hapelius. For in the 
 ' Disquisitio Heliana.' which forms the second 
 part, the 'Praefatio' is headed: 'Philochemicis 
 Heliophilis Heliophilus Philochemicus, Nicolaus 
 Niger Hapelius Anagrammatizomenos S. ,' and it 
 has at the end the initials R. E. J. T., and the 
 Aphorismi similarly R. E. I. This is repeated in 
 the Theatrum Chemicum, iv. p. 290. 
 
 But in the same volume of the Theatrum, p. 220, 
 the same tract occurs entitled : ' Nova Disquisitio 
 de Helia Artista Theophrasteo, super metallorum 
 transformatione . . . auctore Heliophilo a Percis 
 Philochemico,' and prefixed (p. 214) is an address : 
 
 Gaffarel, Unheard-of Curiosities : concerning the 
 Talismanical Sculpture of the Persians ; . . . 
 1650, Sig. a, recto ; p. 141 ; or Curiositates 
 inauditce, Hamburgi, 1706, pp. 9, 100 (with 
 drawings of the fish). 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 84. 
 
 Alb. Bartholinus, De Scriptis Danorum, 1666, 
 p. 131. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 414, portrait, plate 20. 
 
 Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, Si, verso, 
 Ann. 20 Aug. , 1622. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum chemicorum 
 1697, p. 33, No. xlix (about Hapelius). 
 
 Hofmann, Lexicon Universale, 1698, ii. p. 135. 
 
 ' Philochemicis Heliophilus a Percis Philochemicus 
 S.,' but with no R. E. J. T. at the end. 
 
 What was the object of this mystification beyond 
 the sport of the anagram it is hard to see. As for 
 the name Heliophilus it seems to me purely an 
 epithet, which by some misunderstanding has been 
 erected into a pseudonym. ' Heliophilus a Percis ' 
 is not much farther removed from being another 
 anagram of Raphael Eglin Iconius, than ' Spes 
 mea est in Agno,' is from being one of Joannes 
 d'Espagnet, and being actually interpreted as such. 
 
 Raphael Eglin, or Eglinus, called Iconius, was 
 a Swiss, and was born at Gotz in Miinchhof, 1559. 
 Having finished his studies he went to Geneva and 
 Basel, and frequently disputed there in public, was 
 promoted to a school at Senders in the Veltelin, 
 but on account of a tumult started by a monk had 
 to leave in 1586. In 1588 he was ' paedagogus 
 alumnorum,' Professor of the New Testament, and 
 diaconus at the cathedral of Zurich in 1592, where 
 he was the first to introduce public discussions. 
 Four years later he rose to be archdeacon and 
 first introduced church songs. 
 
 But he had become so infatuated with alchemy 
 that not only his own estate but a good deal of 
 other peoples' had gone in smoke up his furnace 
 chimney, and at last in 1601 his debts were so 
 heavy that he fled from Zurich to Marburg, where 
 he became doctor and professor of theology. 
 Besides the above on Alchemy, he wrote several 
 works on theological subjects, dedicatory verses.to 
 Burnet (q.v. ), and a curious tract on marks 
 observed on fish caught off Norway and in the 
 Baltic. This book was printed under the title as 
 given by Haller : Conjectura halieutica charac- 
 terum piscium marinorum ad latera stupendo 
 prodigio insignitorum desumta, Hanov. , 1611, 4. 
 Presumably it is the same book which, called 
 Prophetia halieutica, is referred to also by Gaffarel, 
 who, however, mocks the idea of treating the 
 marks as portents, or as prophetical, as some were 
 inclined to do. He died at Marburg, 20 Augt. , 1622. 
 
 Scheuchzer, Nova lileraria Helvetica, for 1703, 
 Tigur, 1704, p. 3. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 57. 
 Buddeus, Compendium Historic Philosophies, 
 
 I73i. P- 45 8 - 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 212. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrf en- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 290. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 320. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten 
 und Schriftsteller Geschichle, 1783, iii. pp. 299- 
 318. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 250-252 (note on 
 ' Elias in der Alchemie '). 
 
 Eine Abhandlung von der kiinstlichen Metall-Verwandlung. 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. J. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1771, I. i. p. 181. 
 A translation of the Disquisitio. 
 
 Cheiragogia Heliana. 
 
 See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER). 
 
 See also PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A), Philochemicus. 
 
 EHLE (JOHANN GEORG). 
 
 Hallische kurze doch hinlangliche Nachricht von niitzlichem Gebrauch und 
 kraftiger Wiirkung verschiedener bewahrt gefundener Medicamenten, welche 
 
234 EHLEE1NFALTIGS 
 
 EHLE (JOHANN GEORG). Continued. 
 
 von Johann Georg Ehle examinirten Chymico verfertiget und ausgegeben 
 
 worden. 
 
 No place, date, or printer. 
 
 8. Pp. 151, Register [25]. 
 
 A collection of pharmaceutical preparations and their uses in various disorders. I have found 
 no notice of the compiler. 
 
 EHRENRETTUNG der Hermetischen Kunst, durch solche chymisch-physi- 
 kalische Beweise dargethan, die jeder, auch nur mittelmassige Kenner und 
 Kiinstler leicht einsehen, selbst nachmachen, und dadurch zugleich iiberzeugt 
 werden kann und soil : dass Alchymie und Chrysopoeia keine leere 
 Einbildung mussiger Kopfe sey, und noch weniger in die Zauber-Hohle 
 gelehrter Windmacher gehore. Erster Theil. Erfurt 1785. bey Georg 
 
 Adam Keyser. 
 
 8. Pp. 61 [i]. 
 Zweyter Theil, 1786. 
 
 8. Pp. 72. 
 Dritter Theil, 1786. 
 
 8. Pp. 116. 
 Parts II. and III. have separate titles and signatures. 
 
 The publisher says that the author was quite The book is just mentioned by Kopp (Die 
 
 unknown to him. He further says that as an Alchemic, 1886, ii. 383), and by Ladrague (Biblio- 
 
 enemy of alchemy he would not have published a fhique Ouvaroff, 1870, No. 1525), but with no 
 
 work which would induce people to engage in the information as to the author. It must not be 
 
 pursuit, but as he was assured that in this case the confused with Cre\\mgs>EhrenrettungderAlehymie, 
 
 statements were not at variance with the principles Herrenstadt, 1730. 
 of chemistry and physics he could not refuse to 
 print it. 
 
 EINFALTIGER iedoch deutlicher, und verhoffentlich nutzlicher Unterricht von 
 der Luna Compacta et Fixa, bestehende in einem kurtzen General-Bericht von 
 derselben und dann in einer Collection von hundert Special-Processen davon. 
 In welchen man die vielerley Meynungen und Arten von deren Zubereitung 
 zu vernehmen und zu erlernen haben wird. Mit sonderbarem Fleifs aus vielen 
 raren Schrifften zusammen getragen und zum nutzbahren Dienst der Kunst- 
 liebenden also abgefasst und zum offentlichen Druck befordert. Durch 
 Einen Freund der edlen Chymie und Metallurgie am griinen Hartze. 
 Leipzig, bey Johann Herbord Klofsen, 1715. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 152. 
 
 A series of experiments upon silver. Kopp has Reference to other works by the same pseudony- 
 not included this among the books which refer to mous author will be found under FREUND. 
 the " moon " or silver. 
 
 EINFALTIGS ANTWORT-SCHREIBEN, an die Hocherleuchte Frat. defs 
 loblichen Ordens vom Rosencreutz. Auff jhre an die Gelehrten Europae, 
 aufsgesande Famam & Confess. &c. 
 
 Psal. 92. 
 
 Herr wie sind deine Werck so grofs, deine Gedancken sind so sehr tieff, 
 ein Thorichter glaubt das nicht, vnd ein Narr achts nicht, &c. 
 
 No date, place, or printer, and no pagination. 
 8. Sign. A in eight, but imperfect, wanting A 4 and 5. 
 
 It is signed at the end : N. H. L. Philoso : & Chiromedicinae Studiosus, and it has 
 the date, Leipzig, 16 November, 1617. 
 
EINFALTIGSELEONORA 235 
 
 EINFALTIGS ANTWORT-SCHREIBEN. Continued, 
 
 Kloss quotes this book and gives the date as die Fraternitat des Ordens voni Rosenkreutz auf 
 
 above, and adds that it contains 8 unnumbered ihre Famam et confessionem, Leipzig, 1617, in 8,' 
 
 leaves. If this date be correct the entry in the refers probably to the present tract. 
 Missiv, which runs thus : ' Antwortschreiben an 
 
 Missiv an die . . . Briiderschaft des Ordens des Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerfi , 1844, 
 Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, p. 85, No. 134. p. 183, No. 2501. 
 
 EINSPORN (GOTTFRIED). 
 
 D. Gottfried Einsporns Medici Vratislauiensis Beschreibung einiger sonderbaren 
 chimischen Versuche nebst einer Antwort auf die Frage : Zweyspornische 
 Widerlegung seiner Prtifung der Lehre C. G. Kratzensteins von Diinsten und 
 Dampfen. Erlangen 1751. Zu finden, bey Gotthard Poetsch, Univ. 
 
 Buchhandl. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-9] 10-77 [* 2 Wank]. 
 
 There is no available information about this Kratzenstein's opinions were thereupon criticised 
 
 person except that he acted as Respondens to a by some one under the pseudonym of Zweysporn, 
 
 " Dissertatio . . . de influxu chymiae in medi- which elicited the above reply from Einsporn, not 
 
 cinam," Erfurt [1743], 4, with A. E. Biichner as without a reasonable protest on his part for the 
 
 Praeses (Biographic Mt'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke criticism not being properly authenticated at all, 
 
 (1820-25), iii. p. 46), and wrote another work : and secondly for the personality implied in the 
 
 " Untersuchung, wie weit durch Wasserwagen pseudonym. 
 
 der Metallen, Reinigkeit und Vermischung konne Gottlieb Kratzenstein's views were published in 
 
 bestimmet werden ; nebst einer Pruning der Lehre the following: Thtorie de teliv ation des vapeurs et 
 
 C. G. Cratzensteins von Diinsten und Dampffen." des exfialaisons, demontrte mathematiquement, in 
 
 Erlangen und Leipzig [1745], 8, (Fuchs, Reper- French and Latin, Bordeaux, 1743, 4. 
 torium der chemischen Litteratur, 1806-08, p. 284). 
 
 ELEAZAR (ABRAHAM). 
 
 See ABRAHAM ELEAZAR. 
 
 ELEONORA MARIA ROSALIA, Duchess of Troppau. 
 
 Freywillig-auffgesprungener Granat-Apffel, defs Christlichen Samaritans. Oder 
 aufs Christlicher Lieb defs Nachsten eroffnete Gehaimbnus, vieler vor- 
 trefflichen, senders bewahrten Mitteln und Wunder-haylsamen Artzneyen, 
 wider unterschiedliche Zustand und Ubel defs Menschlichen Leibs, und 
 Lebens ; welche mit sonderbahrem Fleifs, und auff das Hayl defs Nachsten 
 allzeit nachdencklicher Sorg, aufs vieler Artzney-Erfahrner, und beriihrnter 
 Leib-Artzten, oder Medicin-Doctorn, lang gepflogener Erfahrenheit. Von der 
 Durchleuchtigen Hertzogin, Hochgebohrnen Fiirstin, und Frauen, Frauen 
 Eleonora, Maria, Rosalia, Hertzogin zu Troppau, und Jagerndorff. Defs 
 Heil. Rom. Reichs Gefiirsten Grafin zu Gradisca, und Grafin zu Adels- 
 berg, Gebohrnen Fiirstin von Liechtenstain, Hertzogin zu Crummau, 
 und Fiirstin zu Eckenberg, zusammen getragen. Auffs neue vermehrt 
 (sambt einer kleinen Diseta, wie sich bey jeder Kranckheit in Essen 
 und Trincken zuverhalten, wie auch beygefiigten neuen Koch-Buch, in 
 welchen allerhand rare und denen Patienten zu verschiedenen Kranckheiten 
 erspriefsliche Speisen) nun zum drittenmahl in offentlich Druck verfertiget, 
 zu allgemainen Trost, Nutz und Hiilff aller Beschwart- und so wohl 
 Rath- als Mittel-lossen, armen Krancken, in Erinuerung \sic] dessen, 
 der fiir uns die gehaimben Artzneyen seiner Liebe, in der zu unserer 
 Seelen-Hayl eroffueten [sif] Seiten, aller Welt entdeckt, alien Krancken 
 gemein gemacht, und eroffnet worden. 
 
236 ELEONORAELIAS 
 
 ELEONORA MARIA ROSALIA. Continued. 
 
 Cum Licentia & Facultate Superiorum, & Privil. Sac. Cses. Majestatis. 
 VVienn in Oesterreich, gedruckt und verlegt bey Leopold Volgt, Univ. 
 Buchdr. 1697. 
 
 4. Pp. [4] 499 [i blank]. Title red and black. 
 Koch-Buch, pp. [2] 120 [10]. 
 
 The ' Koch-Buch ' has a separate title, as follows : 
 
 Ein gantz neues und nutzbahres Koch-Buch, in welchem zufinden, wie man 
 verschiedene herrliche und vvohl-schmackende Speisen von gesottenen, gebrattenen 
 und gebachenen als allerhand Pastetten, Dorten, Krapffen, &c. Sehr kunstlich und 
 wohl zurichten wie auch allerhand eingemachte Sachen, so zum Confect auffgesetzt 
 werden, bereiten solle. Worbey ein Register, in welchem zufinden, was vor Speisen 
 denen Patienten in unterschiedlichen Kranckheiten dienlich zu kochen seyen. Sambt 
 einer kurtzen Ordnung, wie man sich taglich in Essen und Trincken verhalten solle, 
 damit nicht unzeitige Kranckheiten verursachet werden. Von einer Hoch-adelichen 
 Persohn zusammen getragen, und in Druck gegeben. 
 
 Cum Licentia & Facultate Superiorum, & Privil. Sac. Goes. Majest. 
 
 Wienn in Oesterreich, Druckts und verlegts Leopold Voigt, Univ. Buchdrucker, 
 Anno 1697. 
 
 This seems to have enjoyed great popularity, for apfel des Christlichen Samariters, . . . nach 
 
 it has gone through many editions and is possibly Wortlaut der zwolften Auflage aufs neue heraus- 
 
 still in print. There is no copy of the above in the gegeben." 2 Th. Stuttgart, 1863, 16. I have met 
 
 British Museum Catalogue, but there is a recent with no notice of the authoress, 
 reprint : ' ' Treuvillig aufgesprungener Granat- 
 
 ELIA LELIA CRISPIS. 
 
 See .ELIA L^ELIA CRISPIS. 
 
 ELIAS ARTISTA. 
 
 Elias Artista mil dem Stein der Weisen. 
 
 2 Chron. 13, 5. 
 
 Wisset ihr nicht, dafs Jehova, der Elohim Israel, das Konigreich iiber 
 Israel dem David gegeben hat, ihm und seinem Saamen, mit einem 
 Salz-Bund. ewiglich. 
 
 1770. No place or printer. 
 
 4. Pp. 204 [2 blank]. 
 
 Tabula Hermetis, pp. 142-159. This is a commentary on the different sections of the Tabula 
 Smaragdina, and forms chapter vii. of the work. 
 
 ELIAS ARTISTA HERMETICA. 
 
 Das Geheimnifs vom Salz, als dem Lebensbalsam und dem Schatz aller 
 Schatze ; oder des Salzes gottliche Eigenschaften und seine Wunder- 
 wirkungen zu freudigem und langem Leben. Gottlicher Weisheit zum Lobe 
 auch zur Verherrlichung des himmlischen Salzbundes und den Menschen 
 zum Vortheil geschrieben von Elias Artista Hermetica. Getreu nach der 
 Ausgabe von 1770 erneuert. Stuttgart, 1862. Verlag von J. Scheible. 
 
 8. Pp. 148 [149-160, Scheible's Catalogue of mystical books]. Title red and black. 
 This is a different work from the preceding. It edition is mentioned by Ladrague, Bibliotheque 
 treats of salt both from a physical and chemical Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1415-16. 
 and from a mystical point of view. The 1770 
 
 Geheimnis vom Salz. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 47. 
 
 This consists of some modified extracts from the preceding. 
 
 ELIAS DER ARTIST. 
 Disquisitio de Helia Artium. 
 
 See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL), 1606. 
 
ELIASELSHOLTZ 237 
 
 ELIAS DER ARTIST. Continued. 
 
 Disquisitio Heliana de Metallorum transformatione. 
 
 See HAPELIUS (N. N.), Cheiragogia Heliana, 1612, p. 103. 
 
 Nova Disquisitio de Helia Artista Theophrasteo super metallorum transformatione 
 . . . auctore Heliophilo a Percis. 
 See PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A.), Philochemicus. 
 
 These three tracts are practically identical. The author was Eglinus, and the other names are 
 pseudonyms. See the note on EGLINUS. 
 
 Eine Abhandlung von der kiinstlichen Metall-Verwandlung. 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. J. \v.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1771, I. i. p. 181. 
 This is a translation of the Disquisitio de Helia Artium. 
 
 Cheiragogia Heliana. 
 
 See HAPELIUS (N. N.), 1612. 
 
 For the occurrence and significance of Elias in Beytrag xur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 Alchemical literature see a note by Kopp and the p. 501 (Pseudo- Elias). 
 
 remarks of Ladrague. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 316 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 112-113. (Pseudo-Elias). 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 91 (Elias Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes , 
 
 in connection with Helvetius). 1870, Nos. 556, 1415-16. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 250. 
 
 ELIXIER. 
 
 See TINCTUR. 
 
 ELIXIR Solis Theophrasti Paracelsi. 
 
 See SCRIPTUM [anonymi] . . . elixir . . . tractans. 
 
 ELIXIRIORUM Compositio. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 220. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. I2O. 
 
 ELSHOLTZ (JOHANN SIGISMUND). 
 
 Jo. Sig. Elsholtij, D. & Sereniss. Electoris Brandenburg. Medici Ordinarij, 
 Clysmatica Nova : sive Ratio, qua in venam sectam medicamenta immitti 
 possint, ut eodem modo, ac si per os assumta fuissent, operentur : addita 
 etiam omnibus seculis inaudita Sanguinis Transfusione. Editio secunda, 
 varijs experimentis per Germaniam, Angliam, Gallias atque Italiam factis, 
 nee non Iconibus aliquot illustrata. Coloniae Brandenburgicae, Ex 
 
 Officina GeorgI Schultzl, Typogr. Elector. Impensis Danielis Reichelij, 
 Bibliopolae. cIoIocLXVIL 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 68. Title red and black. 4 separate plates. Not about Chemistry. 
 
 In this work the author claims to be the dis- Major, who made a similar claim. This is de- 
 coverer of infusion of drugs by venesection. On scribed by Stolle. 
 this subject he had a controversy with Joh. Dan. 
 
 Job. Sig. Elsholzens Destillatoria Curiosa : das ist : curiose und nachdenksame 
 Destillir-Kunst : oder der Gebrauch, die Liquoren oder Wasser, mit ihren 
 Farben, iiber den Helm zu fuhren : wie solcher bis anhero, wo nicht 
 unbewust : jedoch auch nicht so in Acht genommen worden, und bekandt 
 ist. Darzu noch kommen Utis Udenii oder defs Niemands : und Guerneri 
 Rollfinkens Chimische Non-Entia und Nichtwesende Dinge. Niirnberg, 
 
238 ELS HO L TZEL UCIDA TIO 
 
 ELSHOLTZ (JOHANN SIGISMUND). Continued, 
 
 In Verlegung Peter Paulus Bleul, Kunst- und Buchhandlern. [Im Jahr 
 M.DC.LXXXIIL] 
 
 12. Pp. [12 including the frontispiece]. 307. [i blank.] One engraved plate. 
 The lower margin containing the date has been cut very close in binding. 
 
 The first edition appeared at Berlin 1674, 8, pp. [14, including the frontispiece], 176. 
 
 The Curious Distillatory : or The Art of Distilling Coloured Liquors, Spirits, 
 Oyls, &c., from Vegitables, Animals, Minerals, and Metals. A Thing 
 hitherto known by few. Containing many Experiments easy to perform, yet 
 Curious, surprizing, and useful : relating to the production of Colours, Con- 
 sistence, and Heat, in divers Bodies which are Colourless, Fluid, and Cold. 
 Together with several Experiments upon the Blood (and its Serum) of 
 Diseased Persons, with divers other Collateral Experiments. Written Originally 
 in Latin by Jo. Sigis. Elsholt. Put into English by T. S. M.D. Physician in 
 Ordinary to His Majesty. London, Printed by J. D. for Robert Boulter, 
 
 at the Turks-head, over against the Royal-Exchange in Cornhil, 1677. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, including the frontispiece], in. [i blank.] Plate of the Cinnamon 
 plant, p. 63. T. S. is Thomas Sherley. 
 
 Gmelin quotes an edition of 1688, 8, which I have not seen, and it is not in the 
 British Museum Catalogue. 
 
 De Phosphoris Quatuor, Observatio. 1706. Editio Secunda. Jenae, prostat, 
 apud Henricum Christoph. Croekerum, Bibliopol. 
 8. Pp. [8]. One engraving. 
 
 The four varieties are : Phosphorus bononiensis ; 1653. On his return he was appointed Physician 
 
 Phosphorus Balduini ; Phosphorus smaragdinus ; and Botanist to Frederick William, elector of 
 
 Phosphorus fulgurans, which was exhibited by Brandenburg. He was a member of the Academia 
 
 Krafft. Naturae Curiosorum, 1674, to which he communi- 
 
 Elsholtz was born at Frankfurt a. d. Oder, 26 cated some papers. He died at Berlin, 28 February, 
 
 August, 1623, studied medicine at Wittenberg and 1688. 
 Kbnigsberg, travelled, and graduated at Padua, 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 682. Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 
 Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, Ann. Mart. Historia, 1755, p. 467, No. 53. 
 1688, Sig. Aaaaa 3 recto (list of writings). Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 516. 
 
 Decad. II. Actorum Medicorum Berolinensium Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 457. 
 . Volumen vi., Berolini, 1726, pp. 1-5 (there Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 375. 
 is a short sketch of Elsholtz's life, and a portrait of Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 
 
 him as a frontispiece to the volume). i?7 8 . P- *37- 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 61. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, p. 135. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 214. Beckmann, Beitrage ur Geschichte der Erfin- 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen dungen, 1792, iii. p. 554 ; English translation, 1814, 
 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 840-41. iii. p. 221. 
 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallic^, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 
 
 1732, p. 49. "6. 137, 218 
 
 ' \lorhof ^ PotyAistor, 1732, ii. pp. 379, 445, etc. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litieratur, 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1734, viii. col. 930. 1806-08, pp. 151, 180, 183. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 p. 272. 2 5). iv - P- 29. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfde- 
 
 Hermltiqut, 1742, p. 320. cine, 1834, II. i. p. 200. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 col. 331. worterbiich, 1863, i. col. 660. 
 
 ELUCIDARIUS Artis Transmutatoriae Metallorum Summa Maior. 
 See CHRISTOPHORUS Parisiensis. 
 
 ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, das ist, Erklarung der Geheimnussen, wie der Lapis 
 Philosophorum funden, vnd die vniuersal Medicin erlanget wirdt, durch die 
 
EL UCIDA TIO-ENTRE TIEN 239- 
 
 ELUCIDATIO Secretorum. Continued. 
 
 Experimenta Raymundi Lullij Maioricani, Item, durch die Hermetische 
 Philosophiam Bernhardi Comitis a Marchia, auch durch die Dicta Alani, 
 vnd Claues F. Basilij Valentini Benedictini. - Jetzt in Teutscher Sprach 
 vertiert vnd zusammen getruckt, Zu Franckfort durch Wolffgang Richtern, 
 in Verlegung Nicolai Steinij. Anno M.DCII. Cum Gratia & Priuilegio 
 Sacrae Csef. Maiest. 
 
 12. Pp. [24] 1-191 [i blank] [24], 193-358 [2 blank] 359-466. [i with Colophon 
 and printer's device.] [9 blank pages at the end.] Title red and black. 4 small 
 woodcuts in Lully's Tract. 
 
 The dedication to Georgius Schwallenberger, a Dicta Alani, p. 335. 
 
 Canonicus, etc., of St. Peters in Fritzlahr, " most Fratis Basilii Valentini Benedictini Summarischer 
 
 skilful in the Secret Philosophy," dated Frankfurt, Bericht, von dem Lapide Philosophorum, p. 359. 
 1602, is signed by the publisher, Steinius. (This includes the two tracts : Vom grossen Stein 
 
 The tracts are : der Uralten \Veisen (p. 367) and Die zivfilff 
 
 Raymundi Lullii Experimenta, p. i. Schliissel (p. 398).) 
 
 Bernhardi Comitis Tervisani Bericht von der De Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophic!, p. 465. 
 
 Hermetischen Philosophia, 193. (A set of verses.) 
 
 (With a title and Vorrede [pp. 24], not included in The tracts by Bernhardus and Basilius have 
 
 the pagination, and the Tabula Smaragdina, p. 200. ) title-pages, dated 1602. 
 
 EMANUEL. 
 
 Libellus duodecim aquarum. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verse Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 209. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 104. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 85 ; 1656, p. 81. 
 
 EMERICUS (JOHANNES), Respondens. 
 See cocus (JACOBUS), Prases. 
 
 ENCELIUS (CHRISTOPHORUS). 
 See ENTZELT (c). 
 
 ENCHIRIDION Physicas Restitutae. 
 
 See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). 
 
 ENGELHARD. 
 
 Liber de Lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 See VIER niitzliche Chymische Tractat vom Stein der Weisen, 1612, Sig. \\recto. 
 
 ENGELHARD VON LOHNEYSS (GEORO). 
 See LOHNEYSS (GEORG ENGELHARD VON). 
 
 ENIGMA. 
 
 See ENIGMA. 
 
 ENIGME Philosophique. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Cosmopolite, Nouvelle Lumiere de la Phisique 
 naturelle, 1629, p. 66. 
 
 ENTDECKTEN (DIE) Requisita Realia. 
 See SINCERUS. 
 
 ENTRETIEN d'Eudoxe et de Pyrophile sur 1'ancienne Guerre des Chevaliers. 
 See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique, 1689, 1699, p. 27. 
 
240 
 
 ENTZEL TEPILOG US 
 
 ENTZELT (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 De Re Metallica, hoc est, de Origine, Varietate, & Natura Corporum 
 Metallicorum, Lapidum, Gemmarum, atq; aliarum, quae ex fodinis eruuntur, 
 rerum, ad Medicinae usum deseruientium, Libri III. Autore Christophoro 
 Encelio Salueldensi. Cum priuilegio Imper. Franc. Apud Chr. Egenolphum. 
 
 8. Pp. [13, i blank, i leaf wanting] 271 [3 blank]. Five woodcuts. The pagina- 
 tion is irregular. The collation is the same as the following. In F there are two 
 extra double leaves, but that in G is wanting. H is complete. This edition is 
 undated, but is probably that of 1551. This copy wants 02, which contains Melanch- 
 thon's letter to Egenolphus, dated 1551. Vignette of the altar and heart, but a different 
 design from the following. 
 
 De Re Metallica, hoc est, de Origine, Varietate, & Natura Corporum 
 Metallicorum, Lapidum, Gemmarum, atq; aliarum, quae ex fodinis eruuntur, 
 rerum, ad Medicinae usum deseruientium, Libri III. Autore Christophoro 
 Encelio Salueldensi. Cum Priuilegio Imp. Franc. Apud Haered. Christian! 
 Egenolphi. M.D.LVII. 
 
 8, Sigs. a8, A-E in eights, F8 with two extra double leaves, G8 with an extra 
 folding leaf, H8, but 4 and 5 are in one, I to Q in eights, Rj, last leaf blank (?) wanting; 
 or pp. [15, i blank], 271 [i blank, and last leaf (blank?) wanting]. The pagination is 
 irregular. Five woodcuts. Printer's device of an altar and upon it a flaming heart, as 
 Vignette. a2 contains Melanchthon's letter. 
 
 Entzelt, Einzeld, Enzelius, Entzelius, Encelius, 
 was a native of Saalfeld in Thuringia, and lived in 
 the first half of the sixteenth century. He was 
 rector at Tangermunde in the Marck, and pastor at 
 Osterhausen. He died 15 March, 1586, in his sixty- 
 sixth year. He wrote a Chronicle of the Old 
 Marck Brandenburg, printed at Magdeburg, 1579, 
 and again at Saltzwedel, 1732, and one or two 
 other works. He is said to have been a doctor of 
 Medicine, which seems doubtful, and wrote his 
 little book on metals. Philip Melanchthon gave 
 him a strong letter of recommendation to Egenolph, 
 the printer at Frankfurt, dated 19 August, 1551, 
 urging Egenolph to print the book and commend- 
 ing the author for his diligence and for having 
 inserted matter in his treatise which was to be 
 found nowhere else. 
 
 Egenolph appears to have complied with 
 
 Gesner, Bibliotheca . . . in Epitomen redactn 
 . . . per Josiam Simlerum, 1583, p. 121. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 98. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 85. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 176. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 545. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 62. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 221. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung *ur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 594. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromes Biblioiheca Metallica, 
 
 1732, p. 50. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, n. p. 403. 
 .Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1734, viii. col. 1303. 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 274 (quotes the editions of 1551, 1557). 
 
 Melanchthon's request and to have printed the 
 work at once in the undated edition, which, pro- 
 bably from the date of the letter, is usually spoken 
 of as of 1551. Reimmann, however, who does not 
 seem to have known of an undated edition at all, 
 thinks that Egenolph did not print the book till 
 1557. Comparison, however, of the two issues, 
 and the better style of the undated one, would 
 induce me to regard it as the earlier, and, possibly, 
 of 1551. An edition of 1551 is mentioned in the 
 Bibliotheca Riviniana, there is one so dated 
 (hypothetically) in the British Museum, and it is 
 quoted by Stolle and by Kestner. In all these 
 cases it is doubtless the undated edition to which 
 allusion is made. The book was included in the 
 Corpus juris et systema rerum metallicarum, 
 Frankfurt, 1698 ; ' a wretched German translation ' 
 Beckmann calls it. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermctique, 1742, iii. p. 155. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, 
 ii. col. 343. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 
 1751, p. 179 (Haller quotes an edition, Francofurti, 
 1577, 8, possibly a misprint for 1557). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 356 
 ("De Uva Quercina," in Lib. III. cap Ii. p. 238, 
 of the 1557 edition). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 364 
 (quotes both editions, 1551, 1557). 
 
 Beckmann, Beytrage zur Geschichte der Erfin- 
 dungen, 1799, i y - P- 34 2 ' English translation, 1814, 
 iv. p. 16. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1877, vi. p. 
 155- 
 
 EPILOGUS & Recapitulatio in Michaelis SendivogI Poloni Novum Lumen 
 Chymicum. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum, 1624. 
 See ORTHELIUS (ANDREAS), 1624. 
 
EPIMETHEUSEPITAPHIUM 241 
 
 EPIMETHEUS (FRANCISCUS). 
 
 See REUSNER (HIERONYMUS), Pandora, 1588. 
 
 EPISTEL. 
 
 See ALEXANDER. 
 
 See BRIEF. 
 
 See SEND-BRIEF. 
 See SENDSCHREIBEN. 
 
 EPISTOLA Andreae de Blawen. 
 See P.LAWEN (ANDREAS DE). 
 
 EPISTOLA Cornelii Alvetani Arnsrodii. 
 
 See ALVETANUS ARNSRODIUS (CORNELIUS). 
 
 EPISTOLA Haimonis. 
 See HAIMON. 
 
 EPISTOLA ad Hermannum Archiepiscopum Coloniensem De Lapide Philo- 
 sophico. 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 374. 
 
 EPISTOLA Joannis Pontani. 
 See PONTANUS (JOANNES). 
 
 EPISTOLA de Metallorum Transmutatione. 
 See MORHOF (D. G.). 
 
 EPISTOLA Monachi cujusdam Benedictini ordinis de lapide philosophico, 
 opuscula Platonis et Arnold! Villanovani recensens. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 799. 
 
 EPISTOLA Novi Praeservativi universalis naturalis. 
 
 See SCHWARTZENWALD (jOHANN VALENTIN VON). 
 
 EPISTOLA de Principiis artis Hermeticae. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus, 1624, p. 118. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 474. 
 
 EPISTOLA al Re di Napoli. 
 
 See ARNALDUS de Villanova. 
 
 EPISTOLA vetus de metallorum materia & artis imitatio. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 263. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 187. 
 
 EPISTOLA quinque Medicinales. 
 See MUFETT (THOMAS). 
 
 EPITAPHIUM Bononiense. 
 
 See jELIA LfELIA CRISPIS. 
 
 In addition to the authorities already noticed in explanation of it by Michael Maier, Symbola Aurece 
 the remarks to this heading (CATALOGUE, p. 6, AJenstz, 1617, p. 168, and by Kircher, CEdipus 
 above), reference may be made to the attempted sKgyptiacus, Romae, 1653, ii. pp. 418-420, 
 
 Q 
 
242 ERBINA USERCKER 
 
 ERBINAUS VON BRANDAU (MATTHAUS). 
 
 Matthai Erbinai von Brandau, Eq. Bohem. & Med. Doct. Warhaffte Beschreibung 
 von der Universal-Medicin, und Giildnen Tinctur Ursprung, Anfang, Mittel 
 und Ende, wie auch derselben Zubereitung nach der alten und neuen 
 Philosoph. warhafften Griinden, wobey auch noch viele andere Curiose 
 Sachen zufinden. Aus des Seel. Herrn Autoris MSto zum Druck befordert 
 und communiciret durch T. P. G. L. M. S. Leipzig, Zufinden in Lanckischen 
 Laden, M DC LXXXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 148. 
 T. P. G. L. is presumably Theophrasti Paracelsi Grosser Liebhaber, as in the other tract. 
 
 Matthai Erbinai von Brandau, Eq. Bohem. & Med. Doct. XII. Grund-Saulen 
 der Natur und Kunst, worauf die Verwandelung der Metallen gebauet, 
 benebst V. Vornehmer Artisten wahrhafften Processen, worunter einer des 
 Th. Paracelsi, welcher noch niemahlen in Druck gesehen worden, iibersendet 
 an Se. Hochfurstl. Durchlauchtigk. Hn. Johann Christian, Hertzogen in 
 Schlesien zur Liegnitz und Brieg, &c, &c. &c. aus des Hochseel. Herrn 
 Autoris, ob zwar etwas unleserlichen Manuscripto nebst einer, kurtzen 
 Beschreibung Johannis Pontani Secreten Philosophischen Feuers auf Begehren 
 unterschiedener vornehmen Leute zum Druck befordert von einem Grossen 
 Liebhaber des Theophrasti Paracelsi. M.DC.LXXXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. 50 [2 blank]. Folding plate. No place, but probably Leipzig. 
 
 He is called variously ; Matthias von Brandau ; curing of a person suffering from the plague, both 
 
 Matthias Erbe, Erben, and Erbin von Brandau ; by means of a red oil of which a few drops only 
 
 Dr. Erben ; Matthias Erbinaus von Brandau, and were required to produce the desired effects. It is 
 
 he has also the surname of Lobkowitz. In the he also who has put on record the account of the 
 
 British Museum and some other catalogues he is assassination of Albrecht Beyer in or about 1570. 
 
 entered under Brandau. Nothing is on record By the author of the Fegfeuer he is accused of 
 
 about him except that he was a doctor of Medicine having deceived and misled many worthy people by 
 
 and a Bohemian Knight. But he is quoted as the the seductive style of his treatise on the Universal 
 
 authority for one or two narratives connected with Medicine, 
 transmutation of lead into gold, and with the 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 28. 
 Scheide-kunst, 1702, p. 126. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litterateur, 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 1806-08, p. 201. 
 38, 76-7, 82, 189. Schmieder, Geschichte der Chemie, 1832, pp. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 289, 365. 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 128. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 44. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1191-92. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Sudhof, Bibliographia Paracelsica, pp. 463, 628, 
 
 p. 539. 702 (under Erbe and Erbinaus). 
 
 ERCKER (LAZARUS). 
 
 Beschreibung allerfurnemisten Mineralischen Ertzt vnnd Bergkwercks arten, wie 
 dieselbigen, vnd eine jede in sonderheit, jrer Natur vnd eygenschafft nach, 
 auff alle Metalla probirt, vnd in kleinen Fewr sollen versucht werden, mit 
 erklarung etlicher furnemer niitzlicher Schmeltzwerck, im grossen Feuwer, 
 auch scheidung Goldts, Silbers, vnd anderer Metalln, sampt einem Bericht 
 defs Kupffer saigerns, Messing brennens, vnd Salpeter siedens, auch aller 
 saltzigen Minerischen proben, vnd was denen alien anhengig, in funff Biicher 
 verfast, defsgleichen zuvorn niemals in Druck kommen. Allen Liebhabern 
 der Feuwerkiinste, jungen Probirern vnd Bergkleuten zu nutz, mit schonen 
 Figuren vnd abrifs der Instrument, trewlich vnd fleissig an tag geben. Auffs 
 newe an vielen orten mifbesserer aufsfiihrung, vnd mehrern Figurn erklart, 
 
ERCKER 243 
 
 ERCKER (LAZARUS). Continued. 
 
 durch den weitberiihmten Lazarum Erckern, der Rom. Kay. May. Obersten 
 Bergkmeister vnd Buchhalter, im Konigreich Bohem, &c. Mit Rom. Keys. 
 May. Priuilegien. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, durch Johan 
 
 Feyerabendt. 1598. 
 
 Folio ff. [4] 134 [3] [i blank, wanting]. Title red and black. Wants f. 2. 
 41 woodcuts of apparatus, etc., in the text. Vignette of a laboratory. 
 
 Aula Subterranea Domina Dominantium Subdita Subditorum. Das ist : Unter- 
 erdische Hofhaltung, ohne welche weder die Herren regieren, noch die 
 Vnterthanen gehorchen konnen. Oder griindliche Beschreibung der jenigen 
 Sachen, so in der Tieffe der Erden wachsen, als aller Ertzen der Koniglichen 
 und gemeinen Metallen, auch furnehmster Mineralien, durch welche nachst 
 Gott, alle Kiinste, Ubungen und Stande der Welt gehandhabet und erhalten 
 werden, da dann furnemlich hierinn gelehret wird, wie sothanige Ertz- und 
 Bergwercksarten, jede insonderheit ihrer Natur und Eigenschafft gemafs, auff 
 alle Metalla probirt, und im kleinen Feuer versucht werden, nebst Erklarung 
 einiger fiirnehmer niitzlichen Schmeltzwerck im grossen Feuer, Item Ertz 
 scheiden, bochen, waschen und rosten, auch Scheidung Goldes, Silbers und 
 anderer Metallen, ingleichem Kupffer seigern, Messing brennen, Salpeder 
 sieden, destination der Scheidwasser, und ihrem Brauch, auch zu nutzmachung 
 anderer mineralischen Berg- und Saltzarten. Vormals durch den Weit- 
 beriihmten und gantz Teutschland zierenden Herrn Lazarum Ercker, weiland 
 der Romischen Kayserl. Majest. Obristen Bergmeister auffs treulichste 
 beschrieben. Anitzo aber, wegen Abgang der Exemplarien auffs neue mit 
 vielen niitzlichen und nohtwendigen Stiicken und Secreten, so entweder 
 Herr Ercker iibergangen, oder nach der Zeit inventirt worden, und andern 
 Notis iiber S. Erckers Text mercklich vermehret, zusambt angehangter 
 Aufslegung der Terminorum und Redarten der Bergleute, Probirer, Wardeinen 
 und Miintzmeister, deren sie sich was ihre Profession belangt, zu bedienen 
 pflegen. Ein sehr nutzlich und nohtig Werck vor die Herren der Bergwercke, 
 Berg-Rahte, Ertz- und Artzneykiindiger, Probir-Discipeln, Laboranten, und 
 alle die mit Metallen und Mineralien umbgehen miissen oder wollen. Mit 
 moglichstem Fleifs gestellet und aufsgefertiget, durch einige hochverstandige 
 Bergwercks Erfahrne und Liebhabere. Franckfurt, In Verlegung Johann 
 David Zunners, Buchhandlers. Gedruckt bey Paulus Hummen Sel. Wittib. 
 Jm Jahr M.DC.LXXII. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [14, including the engraved title, by P. Rilian, dated 1673] 332 [4], 
 The engraved title is: ' Aula subterranea alias Probier Buch Herrn La zari Erckers,' 
 and is dated 1673. 4 1 woodcuts of apparatus, etc., in the text. 
 
 The Interpres Phraseologies Metallurgies is by Christianus Berwardus, and has a 
 separate title, as follows : 
 
 Interpres Phraseologiae Metallurgies. Oder Erklarung der furnembsten Ter- 
 minorum und Redearten, welche bey den Bergleuten, Puchern, Schmeltzern, Probirern 
 und Miintzmeistern, &c. in Benennung ihrer Profession Sachen, Gezeugs, Gebaude, 
 Werckschafft, und Instrumenten gebrauchlich sind, wie nemlich solche nach gemeinen 
 Deutschen zu verstehen. Nebenst angehangter kurtzen Deduction defs loblichen 
 Bergrechts und alter wohlhergebrachter Gewonheit, betreffend den Bau der Bergwercke, 
 auff was Weise man nemlich zur Lehnschafft einer Zeche, Masse, Gegendrum oder 
 Kuckufs gelange, und deren hinwieder verlustig werde konnen. Auff ertheilte 
 Hochstlobl. Fiirstl. Commission zusaihen durch den Edlen und Hochgelahrten Herrn, 
 Christianum Berwardum, J. C. & Assess. Jud Metal. Anitzo aber, cum venia 
 
244 BROKER 
 
 ERCKER (LAZARUS). Continued. 
 
 benemeriti Authoris, Herrn Erckers Schrifften mil angehangt, umb eines durch das 
 andere desto besser zu verstehen, und also dem gemeinen Nutz zu Dienst mil zum 
 Druck verordnet. Franckfurt am Mayn, in Verlegung, Johann David Zunners. 
 Gedruckt bey Paulas Hummen Sel. Wittib. Im Jahr M.DC.LXXIII. 
 
 Pp. [4] 47 [i blank]. 
 
 This edition of 1672 has a preface to the reader being engaged in getting it up. A list of the 
 
 with a set of verses, written by ' lohannes Hiskias errata in it was afterwards printed by Cardilucius 
 
 Cardalucius, 1 who seems to have been the acting in his Magnalia Medico-Chymica, 1676, pp. 401- 
 
 editor, though he speaks of 'other skilled miners' 409 (q.v. ). 
 
 Aula Subterranea Domina Dominantium Subdita Subditorum. Das ist : Unter- 
 erdische Hofhaltung ohne welche weder die Herren regieren, noch die 
 Unterthanen gehorchen konnen. Oder griindliche Beschreibung dererjenigen 
 Sachen, so in der Tieffe der Erden wachsen, als aller Ertzen der Koniglichen 
 und gemeinen Metallen, auch fiirnehmster Mineralien, durch welche, nechst 
 Gott, alle Kiinste, Ubungen und Stande der Welt gehandhabet und erhalten 
 werden, da dann furnehmlich hierin gelehret wird, wie sothanige Ertz- und 
 Bergwercks-Arten, jede insonderheit ihrer Natur und Eigenschafft gemafs, 
 auf alle Metalla probirt, und im kleinen Feuer versucht werden, nebst 
 Erklarung einiger fiirnehmer niitzlichen Schmeltzwercke im grossen Feuer, 
 Item, Ertz scheiden, puchen, waschen und rosten, auch Scheidung Goldes, 
 Silbers, und anderer Metallen, ingleichem Kupfter saigern, Mefsing brennen, 
 Distillation der Scheidwasser und ihrem Brauch, auch zu Nutzmachung 
 anderer mineralischen Berg- und Saltz-Arten. Vormahls durch den Welt- 
 beriihmten und gantz Teutschland zierenden Herrn Lazarum Ercker, weiland 
 der Romisch- Kayserl. Majest. obersten Bergmeister aufs treulichste beschrieben. 
 Anjetzo aber bey dieser neuesten Auflage nicht nur mit vielen nothwendigen 
 Erlauterungen und Geheimniissen, so entweder Herr Ercker iibergangen, 
 und nach der Zeit erfunden worden, nebst andern Anmerckungen iiber 
 seel. Erckers Text um vieles vermehret, sondern auch von alien Fehlern 
 aufs sorgfaltigste gereiniget. Zusamt einem neuen angehengten grundlichen 
 Unterricht von dem Salpeter pflantzen, dessen Ausfied- Praparirung und 
 Gebrauch, benebst einer zulanglichen Nachricht von der Pulver-Manufactur, 
 dasselbige mit denen dazu gehorigen Materialien zuzubereiten, wie auch 
 Auslegung derer Kunst-Worter, welche sich die Bergleute, Probierer, Wardeinen 
 und Muntzmeister zu bedienen pflegen. Ein sehr vollstandig und niitzlich 
 Werck fur Berg- und Hutten-Bediente, und alle die mit Metallen und 
 Mineralien umzugehen willens oder verbunden sind. Mit vielen nothwendigen 
 und zu mehrerer Erklarung dienenden 42 Figuren gezieret. Nach moglichstem 
 Fleifs und Sorgfalt vermehrt und verbessert durch J. E. C. Einem des 
 Berg- und Hiitten-Wercks nebst dem Miintzwesen und der Metallurgie 
 erfahrnen Liebhaber. Fiinffte Auflage. Franckfurt am Mayn, Verlegt 
 von Johann David Jung, 1736. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [12, including the engraved title] 208 [4], Title red and black. 
 Engraved title by Badollet, and 44 woodcuts in the text. 
 
 Interpres Phraseologiee Metallurgies, oder Erklarung derer fiirnehmsten Termin- 
 orum und Redens-Arten, welche bey denen Bergleuten, Puchern, Schmeltzern, 
 Probierern und Muntzmeistern, &c. in Benennung ihrer Professions-Sachen, Gezeugs, 
 Gebaude, Werckschafft und Instrumenten gebrauchlich sind, wie nemlich solche nach 
 

 ERCKERERLA UTER TE 
 
 245 
 
 ERCKER (LAZARUS). Continued. 
 
 dem gemeinen Deutschen zu verstehen. Nebst aiigehangter kurtzen Deduction des 
 loblichen Berg-Rechts und alter wohlhergebrachter Gewohnheit betreffend den Bau 
 derer Bergwercke, auf was Weise man nemlich zur Lehnschafft einer Zeche, Mafse, 
 Gegendrum oder Kuckufs gelangen, und deren hinwiederum verlustig werden Itonne. 
 Auf ertheilte Hochstlobl. Fiirstl. Commifsion zusammen getragen. Durch den Wohl- 
 Edlen und Hochgelahrten Herrn Christianum Berwardum, J. C. & Assess. Jud. Metal. 
 Anjetzo aber, cum venia benemeriti Authoris, Herrn Erckers Schrifften mit angehangt, 
 um eines durch das andere desto besser zu verstehen, und also dem gemeinen Nutz zu 
 Dienst mit zum Druck verordnet. Franckfurt am Mayn, In Verlegung Johann 
 David Jungs, Jm Jahr MDCCXXXVI. 
 
 Folio. Pp. 36. 
 
 Considering the importance of Ercker's treatise 
 it is remarkable how little is on record about him. 
 He was inspector-general of the mines of Hungary, 
 Transylvania, and the Tyrol, which position he 
 held under three consecutive emperors in the 
 sixteenth "century, and he calls himself of St. 
 Annen Bergk. 
 
 His book was highly prized at the time, for it 
 was a record of practical experience, and was not 
 burdened with theories and hypotheses. 
 
 The first edition was printed by Georg Schwartz 
 at Prague, 1574, in folio. Subsequent editions 
 appeared at Frankfurt a. M. in 1580, the above in 
 1598, 1629, all in folio. 
 
 The work was enlarged and entitled Aula 
 Subterranea, and was published in 1672 as above, 
 1684, 4 ; 1703, fol. ; and the above, 1736, fol., 
 called the fifth edition. If this mean the fifth of 
 the Aula there must be another edition which I 
 have not noticed in the lists. 
 
 The English translation was made by Sir John 
 Pettus, and is headed Fleta Minor, a punning 
 title, which, as he explains, refers to his imprison- 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliolheca Chemica, 1727, p. 63. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1734, viii. col. 1514. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metalliccs, 
 1735, P- 50. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 156. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 376. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 65. 
 
 ment in the Fleet. The preface is dated 26 Feb. , 8, 
 and the book was published in 1683. There is a 
 copy in the British Museum. It was reissued with 
 the date altered to 1686, which was effected by 
 substituting V. for II. in the original date 
 M DC LXXXIII. The inserted V. is not in line 
 with the other figures, and as, in the copy which I 
 have, the title is mounted on a guard, I presume 
 either that the whole title leaf is a cancel, or else 
 that the original title page was cut from the rest of 
 the sheet to enable the alteration in the date to be 
 made. I have not been able to compare the two 
 title pages, as there is not a copy of the 1686 issue 
 in the Museum. 
 
 The English edition is sumptuously printed with 
 large engraved capitals, and it has a portrait of 
 Pettus and "44 sculptures" of apparatus and 
 operations. These have been re-engraved on 
 copper (the originals are on wood), with a change 
 of costume in the operators from the sixteenth 
 century to that of a hundred years later with a 
 corresponding loss of vigour and realism. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 364. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 72. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 46. 
 
 Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 223. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1885, vi. p. 214 
 (under Erker). 
 
 EREMITA Anonymus. 
 
 See SPLENDOR Salis et Soils, 1677. 
 
 EREMITA Suburbanus. 
 
 See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). 
 
 ERLAUTERTE und aus der Erfahrung erwiesene Wahrheit des Goldmachens, 
 oder des so betittelten Lapidis Philosophorum. Abgehandelt in einem 
 angestellten Gesprache zwischen Vatter und Sohn, iiber ein Avertissement, 
 welches unter dem 16 Hornung 1765. in der Frankfurter Sonnabends- 
 Zeitung, Num. 27. und in der Erlanger-Zeitung Num. 17. von einer 
 ungenannten Feder, an die Hochgelehrten Societaten zu London, Paris 
 und Berlin eingeruckt gewesen ; und woriiber man sich gedachter Societaten 
 unpartheyische Gedenkungsart offentlich ausgebetten hat. Frankfurt und 
 Leipzig, bey Johann Paul Kraufs 1767. 
 
 8. Pp. 62 [2 blank]. 
 
 In this dialogue aji account is given of a universal are described, but whether it is all to be understood 
 solvent, experiments made with which by the father literally or metaphorically it is a little difficult to say. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1484. 
 
246 
 
 ERLOS UNGEROFFNE TE 
 
 ERLOSUNG der Philosophen aus dem Fegfeur der Chymisten. Das ist : 
 RechtmJifsige Retorsion, im Nahmen der Philosophen denen ohnlangst 
 ausgeflogenen drey Laster-Bogen entgegen gesetzt durch Ihrer Herrligkeiten 
 Fiscal. Das Jahr zuvor, ehe das Fegfeur angeschiiret ward, 1701. 
 
 8. Pp. 54. No place or printer, but apparently by the same as printed the 
 Fegfeuer itself. See SOLDNER. 
 
 An amusing piece of vituperation. Quile possibly 
 by Soldner himself, Ihe author of the Fegfeuer. 
 He points out that the Fegfeuer was printed at 
 Amsterdam, "vielleicht im Voigtlande," 1702, was 
 sold at Frankfurt in the summer of 1701, and in 
 September of this year, " verlegt worden ist." I 
 
 ERNESTI (JOHANN). 
 
 suspect this last phrase has a double meaning. He 
 goes through Ihe Fegfeuer paragraph by paragraph, 
 and criticises the judgments passed on the different 
 chemists. 
 
 It is quoted by Ro\.h-^>cho\\.z,Bibliotheca Chemica, 
 1727, p. 63. 
 
 De Oleis variis Arte Chymica destillatis. 
 
 See HARTMANN (JOHANN), Praxis Chymiatrica, 1647, p. 397. 
 
 There is considerable confusion about this author. 
 Mercklin, followed by Mangel, enters the work 
 under Ernesti, and quotes an edition : Francofurti, 
 apud Casparum Rotelium, 1634, 8, but not the 
 one above. He also treats Ernesti as a different 
 person from Johannes Ernestus Burggravius. In the 
 British Museum catalogue Ernesti has a separate 
 place, editions of 1647, 8, 1682, 8, and 1690, fol. , 
 are enumerated, and there is no cross reference to 
 Burggravius. In the medical histories and bio- 
 graphies I can find no reference to a Johannes 
 Ernesti, and on the other hand this treatise is 
 assigned to J. E. Burggravius by Borel, Lipenius, 
 Jocher, Lenglet Dufresnoy, but not by Haller or 
 Gmelin. As if to complete the confusion Borel 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 53, 88, 
 265 ; 1656, pp. 51, 84, 247. 
 
 Lipenius, Bibliotheca Realis Medico., 1679, P- 3 I 3- 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 574. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 234. 
 
 in one place assigns the work De Electro Philo- 
 sophorum to Burggravius, but refers to Ernestus, 
 who appears both with and without the name 
 Burggravius, and in both places as that of the 
 author of the Biolychnium, and in one as the 
 editor of Drebbel. But Lenglet Dufresnoy, in his 
 Index, p. 364, gives a cross reference to Burggra- 
 vius, and yet under that heading makes Ernestus 
 the principal name. 
 
 The explanation then seems to be that the 
 author's name was really Ernesti, and that for 
 some reason he received or adopted that of Burg- 
 grav. The present tract, therefore, is identical 
 with that which is mentioned in the note under the 
 latter name. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 156. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1494. 
 
 EROBER- und Demolirung des . 
 
 See ALETHOPHILUS, 1705. 
 
 Fegfeuers der Scheide Kunst. 
 
 EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen oder Schatz-Kammer der 
 Alchymie, darinnen die vortrefflichsten Schrifften derer beruhmtesten alten 
 und neuern Scribenten denen Liebhabern der Kunst dargestellet werden. 
 Nebst vielen Kupfferstichen und andern dazu dienlichen Figuren. [Ham- 
 burg, Bey Christian Liebezeit, in der Joh. Kirch, 1708-18.] 
 
 Imprint cut oft". 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 816. Title red and black. Wormed. Portrait of Paracelsus. 
 36 engravings. Woodcuts in the text. 
 
 This is the Hamburg reprint of Trismosin's 
 Aureum Vellus, 1598 (q.v.}. Though the special 
 titles are dated Hamburg, 1708, the general title- 
 page is that of 1718. 
 
 The five ' Tractatus ' contain the following : 
 I. Trissmosinische Schriften, p. i. 
 II. Paracelsische Schrifften, p. 91. 
 
 Korndorfferische Schrifften, p. 129. 
 III. i. Splendor Solis mil schonen Figuren, p. 163. 
 
 2. Spiegel der Alchymey Ulrici Poyselii, p. 214. 
 
 3. Clauis sampt seiner Declaration der 
 
 Chymischen Handgriffen, p. 229. 
 
 4. Allerley Particularia die Handtgriff zuer- 
 
 lehrnen, p. 237. 
 
 5. Ein Tincktur oder Elixier eines unbekandlen 
 
 philosophi, p. 250. 
 
 6. Processus pro Tinclura auff den Mercurium 
 
 Solis und Lunae, p. 256. 
 
 7. Modus procedendi in praeparatione lapidis 
 
 philosophic!, p. 258. 
 
 8. Dialogus philosophise, p. 272. 
 
 9. Exemplum artis Philosophise. Ein Exem- 
 
 plum der philosophischen Kunst, p. 278. 
 10. De lapide Philosophorum 12 capita incerti 
 
 authoris, p. 281. 
 n. Vom Stein der Weisen ein schoner Process 
 
 Episcopi Melchioris Brixiensis Card. 
 
 Romae, etc., und ein Philosophisches 
 
EROFFNETEEROFNE TES 
 
 247 
 
 12. 
 13. 
 
 EROFFNETE Geheimnisse. Continued. 
 
 Werck und Gesprach von dem Gelben 9. 
 
 unnd Rotten Man, p. 296. 
 
 Von dem Rebis einem Stein, p. 305. 10. 
 
 Varia Philosophica, p. 307. n. 
 
 (a) Capitulum, darinnen das gantze Werck 12. 
 
 kiirtzlich begriffen, p. 307. 13. 
 
 (6) Kin schcines Gedicht, p. 310. 
 
 (<:) Ein Gesprach, p. 312. 14. 
 
 (d) Ein Gedicht, p. 314. 
 
 (e) De Oleo Phitosophorum, p. 314. 
 
 (f) Vera praeparatio Mercurij, p. 315. 15. 
 Tractatus vom Saltz der Weisen, p. 315. 
 
 Nouum Testamentum, p. 318. 16. 
 
 Von dem Philosophischen Bley, p. 319. 
 
 Avicenna Septem regulae ex quibus com- 17. 
 
 ponitur lapis Philosophorum, p. 320. 
 Tabula Scientias maioris, p. 321. V. i. 
 
 De quinta essentia vini pulcherrimus tracta- 
 
 tus, p. 342. 
 Tabula Schmaragdina Hermetis Trisme- 
 
 gisti patris Philosophorum, p. 335. 
 Aufslegung unnd erklarung des Gemelds 2. 
 
 oder Figur (in verse), p. 337. 3. 
 
 Von der Bereitung des gebenedeyten 
 
 Philosophischen Steins-Caspar Hartung , 
 
 von Hoff, p. 349. 4- 
 
 De Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophorum 5. 
 
 (in verse), p. 360. 6. 
 
 Vollkommener Bericht und Handgriff in 7. 
 
 Zubereitung des Lapidis Philosophorum 
 
 und Tincturas Physicas, p. 370. 
 Liber Secretorum loannis de Padua de 
 
 Lapide Philosophorum. Liber Primus, 
 
 p. 376. 8. 
 
 Liber secundus, p. 393. 
 Liber tertius, p. 399. 
 Clauis Philosophise Chemicae, p. 447. 
 Grundtlicher Bericht was die warhafftige 9. 
 
 Kunst Alchemia innhalte und vermag in 
 
 Via Universali & Particular!, aufs alien 
 
 Philosophis zusammen gezogen, p. 479. 10. 
 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 19. 
 
 IV. i 
 
 Hortus Diuitiarum. Der Garten der Reich- 
 thumb aller Weifsheit Gottes, p. 500. 
 
 Ein Werck der Alchimey, p. 519. 
 
 Zwo Tincturen auffWeifs und Roth, p. 533. 
 
 De Lapide in Aqua Mercuriali, p. 540. 
 
 Ein Mercurij Arbeit und Augment mil dem 
 Mercurio Lunas, p. 545. 
 
 Ein schones Tractatlein in welchem etliche 
 schone und lustige Particular Stiicklein 
 begriffen sind, p. 554. 
 
 Ein schon Stuck von Doctor Schencken, 
 p. 563. 
 
 Von dem Antimonio Philosophorum, non 
 Vulgi, p. 570. 
 
 Oleum Antimonii : Die Fixatio, sein Quinta 
 Essen. Caspar Eberlein, p. 579. 
 
 Von Offenbahrung der Philosophischen 
 Materien und Dingen, aufs welchen voll- 
 bracht wirdt die Meisterschafft, in 
 wirckung defs Edlen und gebenedeiten 
 Steins der Philosophen, p. 593. 
 
 Thesaurus Philosophiae Euferarij, p. 606. 
 
 Tractatus darinn das gantze Secret der 
 Alchimey vom Stein der Weisen begriffen 
 ist, p. 623. 
 
 Lux lucens in Tenebris, p. 636. 
 
 Tractatus de Vitriolo Philosophorum, p. 642. 
 
 Oleum Vitrioli [by R. Bacon], p. 651. 
 
 Experimenta . . . durch . . . Raimundum 
 Lilium . . . unnd von Raimundo in Latein 
 beschrieben. Jetz aber durch Herrn 
 Georgium Sanderreuter von Wasserburg 
 verteutscht worden, p. 664. 
 
 Das Buchlein von der natiirlichen Philoso- 
 phey der Metallen des Edlen und Hoch- 
 gelehrten Herren Dionisij Zacharij Galli, 
 
 P. 727- 
 
 Ein streit und Gesprach des Goldes und 
 Mercurij wider den Stein der Weisen, 
 
 P- 765- 
 
 Etliche Korndorfferische Particularia, p.773- 
 Spiegel der Philosophey, p. 787. 
 
 EROFFNETES Grab der Armuth. 
 
 See ATREMONT (H. D')- 
 
 EROFFNETES Philosophisches Vatter-Hertz. 
 
 See VATER-HERTZ. 
 
 EROFFNUNG der Thiire des Koniglichen Pallasts dafs sie sey das rohe 
 Antimonium und Materia Secunda Lapidis Philosophorum, welche vor 
 denen mit Blindheit geschlagenen verdecket, und von denen Weisen unter 
 doppelsinnigen Reden denen Unwurdigen verborgen gehalten worden, anjetzo 
 aber auffs klarste durch griindliche Erweisung aller Welt wieder dargestellet 
 wird durch einen Untersucher dieses vortreflichen Geheimnifses, der den 
 Nahmen fuhret des Vorlauffers. Drefsden und Leipzig, zu finden bey 
 Gottfried Leschen, 1718. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 160. The author's anagram is ' Zelus ipsi.' 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 64. L,adra.gue,Bt&ZiotAtyueOuvarof, Sciences SecrMes, 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. pp. 140-1. 1870, No. 1438. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 659- 
 
 EROFNETES Philosophisches Vater-Herz. 
 
 See VATER-HERZ. 
 
248 ERORTERUNGESPAGNET 
 
 ERORTERUNG Dreyer Chymischen Fragen, von denen Principiis Chymicis, 
 Sale, Sulphure & Mercuric. Darinnen alien Liebhabern der Chymie durch 
 ein hiebey befindliches, und untriigliches Experiment deutlich gezeiget wird, 
 dafs solche in der Natur nicht fundirt, sondern dafs die Artisten pur durch 
 das Tractament und Zusatz in der Zerlegung verleitet, diese zu statuiren 
 bewogen worden. Nebst einem Anhang. Entworffen non einem der sich 
 nennt Amator vise Regiae. Heilbronn, auff Unkosten des Auctoris, und in 
 dem Buchladen daselbst bey Paul Strauben in Commission zu haben, 1745. 
 
 8. Pp. 22 [2 blank]. 
 
 ERRORS of a late Tract called A short Discourse of the Quintessence of 
 Philosophers. 
 See TRUE (A) Light of Alchymy, 1709, p. 89. 
 
 ERSTES [. . . Zehntes] Tausend neuer Chymischer Versuche. 
 See M. (D.), 1768. 
 
 ESCHENREUTER (HEINRICH). 
 
 Fiinf kleine Tractatlein welche er in dem Closter Schwartzbach in Franken- 
 Land Ao. 1403. den 6 May gefunden, und sie wiederum im Closter 
 Marienzell, in Thiiringen, Ao. 1489. den 10. Octobr. verborgen, letzlich 
 aber Ao. 1672. wiederum sind gefunden worden. Sammt dem darzu 
 gehorigen Schliissel. 
 See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Chymische Schrifften, 1769, p. 993. 
 
 Callus Etschenreuter, according to Fictuld, may Gallus Etschenreuter, says he was of Ratisbon, and 
 
 be a poor guide, but he is an innocent compared with added some new alchemical signs to the hermetic 
 
 Heinrich, for his judgment on this work is that it dictionary, and refers to the works of Basilius 
 
 is "pure Liigen." Probier-Stein, 1753, 7 n- " P- Valentinus and to Gratarolus' Opuscula quadam 
 
 60. Hoefer (Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 442 ; chymica in unum corpus collecia, Francof. 1614, 8. 
 1866, i. p. 467) apparently confusing him with 
 
 ESPAGNET QEAN D'). 
 
 Enchiridion Physicae Restitutae. In quo verus Naturae concentus exponitur, 
 plurimique antiquse Philosophiae .errores per canones & certas demonstrations 
 dilucide aperiuntur. Tractatus alter inscriptus. Arcanum Hermeticae Philo- 
 sophise opus : In quo occulta Nature & Artis circa Lapidis Philosophorum 
 materiam & operandi modum canonice & ordinate fiunt manifesta. Utrumque 
 opus eiusdem Authoris anonymi. Spes mea est in Agno. Secunda editio 
 emendata & aucta. Parisiis, M.DC.XXXVIII. 
 
 24. Pp. 142 [2 blank]. 
 
 The Arcanum has a separate title and pagination : 
 
 Arcanum Hermeticas Philosophies Opus. In quo occulta Naturas & Artis circa 
 Lapidis Philosophorum materiam & operandi modum canonice & ordinate fiunt 
 manifesta. Opus eiusdem Authoris Anonymi. Penes Nos Vnda Tagi. Secunda 
 Editio emendata & aucta. Parisiis, M.DC.XXXVIII. 
 
 Pp. 71 [i]. 
 
 La Philosophic Naturelle restablie en sa Purete. Ou Ton void a de'couuert 
 toute 1'ceconomie de la Nature, & ou se manifestent quantite d'erreurs de la 
 Philosophic Ancienne, estant redigee par Canons & demonstrations certaines. 
 Auec le Traicte de 1'Ouurage Secret de la Philosophic d'Hermez, qui enseigne 
 
ESP AC NET 249 
 
 ESPAGNET QEAN D'). Continued. 
 
 la matiere, & la fagon de faire la Pierre Philosophale. Spes Mea est in Agno. 
 A Paris, Chez Edme Pepingue", en la grand' Salle du Palais, du coste de la 
 Cour des Aydes. M.DC.LI. Avec Privilege du Roy. 
 
 8. Pp. [32] 378 [6] [2 blank]. 
 
 On p. 249 the second tract begins with the following title : 
 
 L'Ouvrage Secret de la Philosophic d'Hermez. Oil 1'on de'couure tout ce que la 
 Nature, & 1'Art ont de cache 1 touchant la Matiere de la Pierre Philosophale ; & la 
 facon de la faire. Fait par le mesme Autheur du Traict6 precedent. A Paris, 
 
 M.DC.LI. 
 
 In the British Museum Catalogue this work is placed under Pachou (J.). The 
 ' Epistre ' to the bishop of Auxerre is signed Jean Bachou. 
 
 Arcanum Hermeticse Philosophise Opus. 
 See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca, 1653. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 649. 
 
 Arcanum Philosophise Hermeticae. 
 
 See HANNEMANN (jOHANN LUDWIG), Pharus ad Ophir Auriferum, i.e. Commen- 
 tarius in anonymi Galli Arcanum Philosophiae Hermeticae, 1714. 
 
 By Hannemann was also edited : Veteris philosophi profundissimi physica restituta 
 cum exegesi, Tubingae, 1725, 4. 
 
 Das geheime Werck der Hermetischen Philosophic worinnen die natiirlichen 
 
 und kiinstlichen Geheimniisse der Materie des philosophischen Steins, wie 
 
 auch die Art und Weise zu arbeiten richtig und ordentlich offenbahret sind. 
 
 Von Joannes d'Espagnet Anagr. e. in u. mut. Penes Nos Unda Tagi. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 823. 
 
 Enchiridion Physicae restitutae. 
 
 See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca, 1653. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 626. 
 
 Espagnet's history is nearly as great an Arcanum he had perused. The author was concealed in the 
 
 as that of which he has attempted the revelation, anagram, but was believed to be Don Janus 
 
 Though by the majority of writers if not by all Espagnet, a senator of the parliament of Toulouse. 
 
 he seems to be quite well known, he is still called In 1664, when Borrichius met the son, also a 
 
 "Anonymus Gallus," and the books ascribed to senator of Toulouse, who was about sixty years of 
 
 him appear under the two phrases "Penes nos age, a straight- forward, learned man, and a chemist 
 
 unda Tagi" and " Spes mea est in Agno," which wholly devoted to the study of Raymund Lully, 
 
 pass for anagrams of his name. It may, however, he asked him if his father had been an adept, and 
 
 be as well to note that the anagrams are by no had published the book. He received no satisfac- 
 
 means strict, if "Joannes d'Espagnet" be the tion as to the first point, whether because the son 
 
 form of the name operated on. For the former of did not know or would not tell Borrichius leaves 
 
 these contains the letter u, which is not in the doubtful, but he admitted the second. In this 
 
 name, and only two e's, while the name has three. account Borrichius is followed by Fuchs. 
 
 This discrepancy is frankly acknowledged in Roth- All other writers state that Espagnet was presi- 
 
 Scholtz's reprint, where it is said : "Anagr. e in u dent of the parliament of Bordeaux; town- 
 
 mutat. " Borrichius says that "Don Janus Espag- president Schmieder calls him, I presume, provost, 
 
 net" can be taken out of the anagram, which, or head of the town council, who adds that he 
 
 certainly, it can be, letter for letter, but then the followed Gaston Claveus as a defender of alchemy, 
 
 name never appears in that form. The other Nothing more is on record about his life, 
 
 transposition is even farther astray, for it wants a There are various opinions as to the authorship 
 
 d and an , and it has an m which does not appear of the books. Borel informs us that some affirmed 
 
 in the name at all. that the Enchiridion was not by Espagnet, but by 
 
 Apart, however, from this there is want of another who was called ' Eques Impenalis,' or ' le 
 
 unanimity as to Espagnet's identity and as to chevalier imperial,' which he admits he had 
 
 the authorship of the tracts in question. difficulty in believing. Borrichius also says that it 
 
 Borrichius gives a very circumstantial account. was a question whether he was author or editor, 
 
 He commends the Arcanum Hermeticce philosophic and the doubt turns up in Bayle, Lenglet Du- 
 
 Opus as the wisest, most open and free from fresnoy, and others, 
 
 obscurities and double meanings of all the works Hoefer holds a different opinion on the matter. 
 
ESP A GNE TE TSCHENRE UTER 
 
 ESPAGNET (JEAN D'). Continued. 
 
 After indicating the clear views and notable antici- 
 pations which he finds in the Enchiridion he 
 refuses to believe that the Arcanum . . . opus can 
 be by the same person because the ideas and the style 
 are so different. There is no doubt, however, that 
 the books announce themselves as being by the 
 same author, and Schmieder not that he is an 
 authority upon such a point regards the Arcanum 
 . , . opus as the second part of the Enchiridion, 
 and apparently it did not occur to him to entertain 
 doubts about the authorship. 
 
 Morhof speaks of the Arcanum . . . of us as a 
 work " added on to the Enchiridion of Espagnet," 
 and apparently not by him. He says it is elegantly 
 written, and shows by its very style that it is genuine, 
 which is further proved by the fact that Philaletha, 
 who possessed the stone if ever any one did, 
 mentions it and transcribes portions from it. The 
 elegant diction in both is such that they seem to be 
 by the same author, who was known as Anonymus 
 Gallus. Dufresnoy expresses surprise that Morhof 
 should have ascribed the works to Philaletha, but 
 it seems to me that he has misunderstood his 
 meaning. Morhof meant to convey that Phila- 
 letha, who was certainly an adept, would never 
 have copied passages from it unless he had believad 
 in its truthfulness. But he does not affirm that he 
 was the author. 
 
 Without any argument or hesitation Bayle 
 ignores the two difficulties which had been in 
 existence for a couple of centuries, and at once 
 states Espagnet to have been president of the 
 
 parliament of Bordeaux and one of the learned men 
 of the seventeenth century and reputed author of 
 the Arcanum . . , opus. In 1623, at Paris, the 
 Enchiridion was printed, and this is known for his, 
 because people who knew him well affirmed it to be 
 his, and because the two anagrams are of his name. 
 It was the first treatise in France which was in 
 opposition to the physics of Aristotle. It was 
 followed by the Arcanum . . . opus in which is 
 described the philosopher's stone, its preparation 
 and properties. 
 
 He also edited an old manuscript entitled Rosier 
 des Guerres, which was printed in 1616 exactly as it 
 stood without changing or modernizing the spelling 
 or language, which he followed with the utmost 
 exactitude. He believed that his was the first 
 edition, but it was subsequently found that there 
 had been already an edition in 1523. He also 
 wrote a tract on the education of a young prince. 
 
 He is reputed editor of the work of Pierre de 
 L'Ancre on Demons, but this I have not been able 
 to confirm. 
 
 Of the writings several editions are enumerated : 
 in Latin, Paris, 1608, 8 (which is the first) ; 1623, 
 8 ; 1647, 1650, 32 ; in German : Leipzig, 1685, 
 8. According to Gmelin the Arcanum . . . opus 
 first appeared in the edition of 1638. If the dates 
 now given be complete and correct, the above 
 edition of 1638, called editio secunda, must be 
 regarded merely as a reprint or reissue of that of 
 1623. 
 
 There was also an English translation : 
 
 Enchyridion Physicag Restitutes ; or, the Summary of Physicks recovered. 
 Wherein the true Harmony of Nature is explained, and many Errours of the ancient 
 Philosophers, by Canons and certain Demonstrations, are clearly evidenced and 
 evinced. London, Printed by W. Bentley, and are to be sold by W. Sheares at the 
 Bible, and Robert Tulchein at the Phenix, in the New-Rents in S. Pauls Church-Yard. 
 1651. 
 
 24. Pp. [10, 2 blank] 167 [i blank]. 
 
 Borel, Biblioiheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 85, 271. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . 
 Epistola, 1673, p. 142 ; German translation, 1764, 
 p. 116. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 
 1697. P- 3 6 . lv - 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 90. 
 
 N. Zeit. von Gelehrten Sachen aufs Jahr 1720, 
 
 P- 327. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 64. 
 * Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, 
 ii. pp. 407-8. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 
 1730, ii. p. 824. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, II. lib. i, c. 15, 17, 
 p. 119; II. lib. 2, c. 3, 6, p. 165. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, p. 569. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermltique, 1742, i. p. 389, 476, 477 ; iii. p. 157 
 (and compare pp. 134, 190, for the Chevalier 
 Imperial). 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 68. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, 
 IV. i. p. 625, note s ; IV. ii. p. 616. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 95. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 506 ; 
 1798, ii. p. 4. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 137. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 357. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire df la Chimie, 1844, ii. p. 333 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 324. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1128-30. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 345. 
 
 ESPRIT Mineral. 
 
 See RESPOUR, 1668. 
 
 ETSCHENREUTER (GALLUS). 
 Send-brief an Wilhelm Gratarolum. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Chymische Schrifften, 1746, 1747, p. 298. 
 
E TSCHENRE UTERE TTMULLER 
 
 251 
 
 ETSCHENREUTER (CALLUS). Continued. 
 
 Gallus Etschenreuter was a physician of Ratis- maniam celebres sunt, Argent. 1571," 8. " Epis- 
 bon, in the sixteenth century. He wrote: tola ad Gratarolum," in Opuscula Chemica, Franc. 
 
 seu Calculus 
 
 Item 1614, 8, and Franc. 1580, 8. 
 
 da, seu partium drachmas dosis Argent. Fictuld says he was M.D. and chemist at 
 1569," 8. " De natura, viribus et effectibus Schlettstadt. He condemns this epistle as "poor 
 balneorum & salubrium fontium qui per Ger- stuff " and " hollow quill-fencing." 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis librl duo, 
 1637, p. 168. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 89 ; 1656, 
 P- 85- 
 
 Mercklin, Lindemus renovalus, 1686, p. 316. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 235. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 278. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 p. 417. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. >' P- - 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii. 
 P- 173- 
 
 ETTMULLER (MICHAEL). 
 
 Michaelis Ettmulleri, Philos. & Medic. D. hujusque in Alma Lipsiensi Prof. 
 Publ. & Practici olim per omnem Europam celeberrimi. Opera Medica 
 Theoretico-Practica, Mich. Ernestus Ettmullerus, Filius, Philosophise & Medi- 
 cinse Doctor, Anatomise & Chirurgise in eadem Academia Lipsiensi Professor 
 Publicus Extraordinarius, & Illustris Academiae Leopoldinae Naturae Curios- 
 orum Collega, innumeras, quibus hactenus scatuerunt, mendas sustulit, hiulca 
 supplevit, luxata restituit, superflua delevit, novosque ex Manuscriptis 
 Paternis Tractatus addidit. Cum Privilegio Caesareo, Regis Polon. & 
 Electoris Saxonici. Francofurti ad Moenum. Ex Officina Zunneriana. 
 Anno Christi M D CCVIII. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [36, including the engraved title] 1020. Title red and black ; vignette. 
 Tomus II., Pars I. [2] 1108 ; Pars II. [2] 848, Index [too] ; i plate, p. 543. 
 
 Michael Ettmuller was born at Leipzig, 26 May, 
 1644, studied philosophy, mathematics, and medi- 
 cine there and at Wittenberg, graduated in philo- 
 sophy in 1662, and in 1663 pursued chemistry and 
 pharmacy under Michaelis. In 1666 he started on 
 a long tour in Italy, France, England, and 
 Holland, and was going to spend some months 
 there when he was summoned home, whereupon he 
 graduated Dr. Med. in Leipzig the day after his 
 arrival. He now devoted himself to practice and 
 to study, wrote numerous dissertations, became a 
 
 Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, Ann. 9 
 Mar., 1683, Sig. Tttt 3 verso. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 64. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 236-239. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 291-4, p. 784. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1734, viii. col. 3044. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 279. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 417. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 465, No. 36. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mldecine, 
 I7SS, > P- 339 I 1778, ii. p. 164. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de F Anatomieet de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 326. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 604. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 564. 
 
 member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum in 
 1670, and in 1681 he was created professor of 
 botany and surgery. On 9 March, 1683, his death 
 occurred ; according to some it was due to a hectic 
 fever, according to others it was caused by a 
 chemical experiment. He was the author of 
 numerous works, especially on pharmacy, collected 
 by his son Michael Ernst Ettmuller, who prefixed 
 a life of his father addressed to Lucas Schroeck, 
 president of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum 
 in 1703. It was reprinted by Manget. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 377. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i. 
 p. 98 ; 1779, iii. p. 55, 173. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 139, 
 233, 256, 435. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 291. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 63. 
 
 Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 207, 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Mldecine, 1834, II. i. p. 227. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. i. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 379. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 380 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 164. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 310. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences 
 Medicales, 1888, xxxvi. p. 354. 
 
252 ETTMULLER ETTNER 
 
 ETTMULLER (MICHAEL ERNESTUS). 
 
 See ETTMULLER (MICHAEL), 1708. 
 
 This person was the son of Michael Ettmiiller, fessor of physiology and pathology, was elected a 
 
 and was born at Leipzig, 26 Augt., 1673. He member and then director of the Academia 
 
 studied at Zittau and Altenburg, went in 1692 to Naturae Curiosorum, and filled some other offices. 
 
 Wittenberg, returned to Leipzig and graduated in He took great trouble over the ' Acta ' of the 
 
 arts. He then began medicine under some of the society, and communicated several papers to it, 
 
 best men of the time, travelled in Germany, wrote numerous dissertations, and edited his father's 
 
 Holland, and England, and was made doctor at works. He did not concern himself with chemistry. 
 
 Leipzig in 1699. He was subsequently appointed He died at Leipzig, 25 Sept., 1732. 
 professor of anatomy and surgery, in 1719 pro- 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Eloy., Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 239. 1778, ii. p. 165. 
 
 Acta Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum, 1740, Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 v. Appendix. 25), iv. p. 67. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 
 p. 279. Mtdecine, 1834, I. i. p. 240. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopcidie, 1843, 
 
 col. 418. xxxviii. p. 388. 
 
 Buchner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Nouvelle Biographic Gdnerale, 1858, xvi. col. 
 
 Historia, 1755, p. 485, No. 253. 639 (he is called Ernest-Michel in this article). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 161. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1877, vi. p. 400. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 744. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 22. genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 310. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 380; and 
 
 p. 99 ; 1788, iv. p. 183. Series, 1900, v. p. 164. 
 
 ETTNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH VON). 
 
 Des getreuen Eckharts entlauffener Chymicus, in welchem vornemlich der 
 Laboranten und Process-Kramer Bofsheit und Betriigerey, wie dieselben zu 
 erkennen und zu fliehen ; hernach bewahrteste Artzney-Mittel in allerhand 
 Kranckheiten und Zufallen menschlichen Leibes zu gebrauchen ; dann son- 
 derliche, philosophische, politische, medicinische am Meisten aber Chymische 
 Anmerckung und Process; wie auch eine griindliche Erorterung vieler 
 zweiffelhaffter Vortrage; endlich welcher Gestalt man auff Reisen und so 
 wohl in frembden als einheimischen Zusammenkunfften sich verhalten soil, 
 mit Beyfiigung Sinn- und Lehr-reicher, erschrecklicher und lustiger Begeben- 
 heiten vorgestellet werden. Augspurg und Leipzig, bey Lorentz Kroniger 
 u. Gottlieb Gobels sel. Erben, Buchhandl. 1696. 
 
 8, Pp. [16] 1120. Title red and black. Symbolic frontispiece included in the 
 pagination. It represents a "Chymicus" fleeing out of a laboratory pursued by 
 ' Eckhart ' presumably, who is beating him with a pair of big crucible tongs. 
 
 Haller quotes an edition of 1697, 8. Fictuld expresses great contempt for the book. 
 Gmelin, copied by Schmieder, calls the book Entlarffter Chymicus. 
 
 Manes Poterianse, i.e. Petri Poterii Andegavensis Consil. ac Medici Reg. 
 Christianissimi, Inventa Chymica anxie hactenus desiderata, secundum 
 mentem Autoris elaboranda, ex Autoris excellentissimi textu combinata, 
 exhibente editione Francofurtensi Wilhelmi Richardi Stockii, sub Anno 
 MDCLXVI. adjunctis enchirisibus accuratissimis. Francofurti & Lipsiae, 
 Apud Michaelem Rolachium. Anno 1692. 
 
 8. Pp. [56], including the frontispiece. At the end it is signed : Posnaniae, d. 
 12 Nov. Anni 1689. Joann. Chr. Etner, D. C. & M. R. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
ETTNER 253 
 
 ETTNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH VON). Continued. 
 
 Manes Poteriani, i.e. Petri Poterii Andegavensis Consil. ac Med. Reg. 
 Christianissimi Inventa Chymica, anxie hactenus desiderata, secundum 
 mentem Autoris elaboranda ex Autoris excellentissimi textu combinata, 
 exhibente editione Francofurtensi Wilh. Richardi Stockii Anno M.DC.LXVI. 
 adjunctis enchirisibus accuratissimis, product! a Joanne Christoph. Etner, 
 Phil. & Med. D. Sac. Caes. Regisque Pol. Mtis. Mtis Consil. & Archiatro. 
 Francofurti & Lipsife, Apud Haeredes Michael Rolachii. 
 
 4. Pp. [40]. At the end it is signed : Posnaniae d. 12 Nov. Anni 1689. 
 Joann. Chr. Etner, D. C. & M. R. 
 
 This edition is not dated, but it must be subsequent to the other. 
 
 Des getreuen Eckarths Medicinischer Maul-Affe oder der entlarvte Marckt- 
 Schreyer. In welchen vornehmlich der Marcktschreyer und Quacksalber 
 Bofsheit und Betriigereyen, wie dieselben zu erkennen und zu meiden, 
 hernach bewahrtheste Artzney-Mittel, in allerhand Kranckheiten und zufallen 
 menschlichen Leibes zu gebrauchen. Ingleichen eine grundliche Beschrei- 
 bung und Gebrauch des Hirschberger-Landecker-Johannis-Toplitzer- 
 Egerischen Sauerbrunn- und Carls-Bades. Dann sonderliche philosophische, 
 politische, Chymische, am meisten aber medicinische Anmerckungen ; wie 
 auch eine grundliche Erorterung vieler zweifelhaffter Vortrage; endlich, 
 welcher gestalt man sich auf Reisen, und so wohl in frembden als einheim- 
 ischen Zusammenkunfften verhalten soil. Mit Beyfiigung Sinn- und Lehrreichen, 
 erschrocklichen und lustigen Begebenheiten vermehrter und unter gewissen 
 Capiteln vorgestellet worden. Franckfurth und Leipzig, Bey Michael 
 Rohrlachs seel. Wittib und Erben. 1720. 
 
 8. Pp. [14, including the engraved title] 1072. Printed title red and black. The 
 engraved title represents a quack's stage by C. Winckler. The costumes of the 
 spectators are interesting. Haller says that editions of this book appeared at 
 Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1694, 8 ; 1710, 8 ; and it is quoted by Stolle. 
 
 Rosetum Chymicum, oder : Chymischer Rosen-Garten, aus welchem der 
 vorsichtige Kunst-Beflissene Voll-bltihende Rosen, der unvorsichtige Laborant 
 aber Dornen und verfaulte Knospen abbrechen wird ; In sonderliche Garten- 
 Better abgetheilet und vorgestellet von Hanfs Christoph von Ettner und 
 Eiteritz, Eqv. Ihro Romis. Kayserl. und Konigl. Majestat Rath, der Chymie 
 Beflissenen. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Michael Rohrlachs Wittib und 
 Erben. 1724. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 564. Title red and black. "The first edition was published at 
 Leipzig, 1717, 8, by Johann Friedrich Braun," says the author of the Beytrag, 
 repeated by Gmelin. 
 
 D. Joh. Christoph. von Ettner und Eittritz, Rom. Kayserl. und Konigl. Cathol. 
 Majest. Raths, Vade et Decide Cain, oder : Gehe und schlage den Cain todt. 
 Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey Michael Rohrlachs Wittib und Erben. 1724. 
 
 8. Pp. 70. 
 
254 
 
 E TTNERE UTHYMIUS 
 
 ETTNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH VON). Continued. 
 
 There is some confusion about the authorship 
 of these writings. Gmelin draws a distinction 
 between " Hans Chn. von Etner," author of the 
 Rosetum, and " Joh. Chrph. Ettner," whom he 
 credits with the works which appeared under the 
 pseudonym " Der getreue Eckhard," and Kopp 
 follows Gmelin in thus distinguishing these writers. 
 
 In the Rosetum, however, the author calls him- 
 self Christoph, not Christian, so that so far as that 
 goes Gmelin's distinction is unfounded, and Fuchs 
 calls the author of the Rosetum ' ' Joh. Chph. von 
 Ettner u. Eiteritz." Roth-Scholtz and Schmieder 
 have the name Christoph only, but they do not 
 quote either the Rosetum or the Vade et Occide 
 Cain, so that they are of no assistance in this diffi- 
 culty. 
 
 Jocher calls him Christoph, and ascribes other 
 works to him, as is done by Haller also : Der 
 Unwiirdige Doctor, Augspurg, 1697, 8 ; Der 
 Verwegene Chirurgus, Augspurg, 1698, 8 ; Der 
 Ungewissenkafte Apothecker, Leipzig, 1700, 8 ; 
 Augspurg, 1753, 8 ; Der unvorsichtige Hebamme, 
 1725, 8. Ettner wrote also Bezoardicum Minerale 
 exaltatum, 1701, 8 ; De Podagra, Breslau, 1693, 
 4 ; and Satires, and Gmelin refers to the examina- 
 tion of the Eger Spring by him. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, it may be remarked, calls one of 
 the author's works " Entlauffener Chymicus" ; but, 
 under C. Ettner (p. 65), erroneously " entlarffter 
 Chymicus," which apparently is a confusion with 
 the " entlarvter Marcktschreyer. " As for the pseu- 
 donym, it appears as Eckhardt, Eckhard, Eckhart, 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 61 
 (Eckhardt), 65 (Ettner). 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 233. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 210 (discusses the identity of Rckardus 
 with Etnerus). 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 6. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 418. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 57. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 51. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 470, 
 
 S4 1 - 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 662. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1787, iv. 
 P- 137- 
 
 and Eckart, in Roth-Scholtz, but the author him- 
 self uses the form Eckhart and Eckarth. 
 
 A reason for making a distinction between the 
 authors of these books may be founded on the 
 respective dates of publication ; those of "Eckarth" 
 appearing in the last years of the seventeenth 
 century, and the Rosetum not till 1717, or twenty 
 years after. So far as one can see, however, there 
 is no author of the name of "Christian," and all 
 the books emanate from "Christoph," both those 
 with his own name and those with " Eckarth's." 
 
 Beyond what is said of him on the title-pages of 
 his books there is very little recorded. Strieker 
 says he was born at Glogau, and seems to have 
 studied under Bohn and Ammann at Leipzig and 
 possibly at Konigsberg. Jocher describes him as 
 a practitioner at Augsburg who was a doctor of 
 philosophy and medicine, councillor and chief 
 physician of the King of Poland at Posen, and 
 was a knight and councillor of the Emperor. 
 Judging by his books he seems to have been in 
 active conflict with all the medical, pharmaceutical 
 and chemical quackery of his time, and on that 
 account his writings are of some value. 
 
 Strieker remarks that he is an interesting medical 
 writer from a folk-lore point of view, and his works 
 are quoted by Grimm in his Dictionary for the 
 words he supplies. 
 
 At the same time he is referred to by Creiling 
 (Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia) as a living 
 witness of the reality of the red and white stone, 
 seeing that he had handled both. He was then 
 residing at Breslau. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 291, 
 323, 772 (and Index). 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 243. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 512. 
 
 Wilhelm Strieker, "Dr. Ettner 's medicinische 
 Romane," Virchow's Archiv fur pathologische 
 Anatomic . . . 1866, xxxvii. pp. 131-139 (an in- 
 teresting notice). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1361. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 380 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 164. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 311. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 377, 395 
 (Hans Christian v. Ettner) ; p. 394 (Joh. Christoph 
 Ettner). 
 
 ETWAS in Nichts. 
 
 See CHYMISCHES Etwas in Nichts, 1722. 
 
 EUFERARIUS. 
 
 See FERRARIUS. 
 
 EUTHYMIUS DE BRUSCA (C.). 
 
 C. Euthymii de Brusca, Vindiciarum Faulhaberianarum Continuatio. Das 
 ist rechtmessige Rettung Herrn Johann Faulhabers Mathematici zu Vim 
 Famse Sidereae, wider die Ehrenriige Teutsche Diffamation-Schrifften, 
 Expolitio Famae siderese, &c. vnd Postulatum sequitatis plenissimum, &c. 
 genant, welche M. Zimpertus Wehe Lateinischer Schulen Collaborator zu 
 
EUTHYMIUSEXPOSITIO 255 
 
 EUTHYM1US DE BRUSCA (C). Continued. 
 
 Vim. Vnder dem falschen Namen Hisaise sub Cruce als durch offentlichen 
 Truck spargirt hat. Moltzheim, Gedruckt bey Stephan Bidermann, Anno 
 M.DC.XX. 
 
 4. Pp. [6] 38. 
 
 This does not refer to chemistry or alchemy. found under REMMELIN (jOHANN) and SUTORIUS 
 Other tracts relating to FAULHABER (y.v.) will be (LEONHARDUS). 
 
 EVONYMUS. 
 
 See GESNER (CONRAD). 
 See LIEBAVT (JEAN). 
 
 EXAMEN Alchymisticum. 
 
 See PANTALEON, 1676. 
 
 EXEMPLUM artis Philosophise. Ein Exemplum der Philosophischen Kunst. 
 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. 1598, p. 153. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, 1610. Appendix Tomi Primi, 
 
 P- 254- 
 
 See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708-18, p. 278. 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 254. 
 
 EXERCITATIONES in Turbam Philosophorum. 
 
 Set; ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 99. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 497. 
 
 See UBUNG in die Turbam. 
 
 EXPERIENTIA Naxagorae. 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). 
 
 EXPERIMENTIRTE Kunst-Stiicke. 
 
 See JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED), 1789. 
 
 EXPLICATIO oder aufsfuhrliche Erklarung vber das ... von Joan-Rudolpho 
 Glaubero aufsgangnes (Miraculum Mundi) intitulirtes Tractatlein 1656. 
 See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH). 
 
 EXPLICATIO Centri in Trigono Centri per somnium. 
 
 See MONTE HERMETIS (JOANNES DE), l68o. 
 
 EXPOSITIO Alberti super Chymiam. 
 
 See KIESER (FRANZ), Cabala Chymica, 1606, p. 252. 
 
 EXPOSITIO Epistolas Alexandri Regis. 
 
 See ARTIS AURIFER^E . . . Volumina, 1610, i. p. 245. 
 
256 EXPOSITIOEXTRACTUM 
 
 EXPOSITIO et Practica Lapidis Adrop, Collecta ex Plinii Philosophi Libro 
 qui intitulatur : Aromaticum Philosophorum Thesaurus et Secretum Secre- 
 torum. 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum. Epilogus, 1624, p. 125. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 477. 
 
 EXTRACTUM ex Cimbalo Aureo. 
 
 See BARNAUD (NICOLAUS), Triga Chemica, 1599, p. 37. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 781. 
 
F.-F. (/. /.) 257 
 
 F. 
 
 Josephus Westphalus von der Goldtinctur der Weisen aus den Metallen; mit 
 Anmerkungen von F . . . 
 
 See SCHRODER (FRIEDRICH JOSEPH WILHELM), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 
 1774, II. ii. p. i. 
 
 F. (A. C. v.). 
 
 See ARDUINO (GIOVANNI), 1778. 
 
 F. (J.). 
 
 See AGRIPPA (HEINRICH CORNELIUS), Three books of Occult Philosophy, 1651. 
 
 F. (J.). 
 
 A New Light of Alchymy : taken out of the Fountain of Nature and Manual 
 Experience. To which is added a Treatise of Sulphur. Written by Michael 
 Sendivogius : i.e. Anagrammatically, Divi Leschi Genus Amo. 
 
 Also Nine Books of the Nature of Things, written by Paracelsus, viz. 
 
 Of the 
 
 Generations 
 Growths 
 Conservations 
 Life, Death 
 
 Renewing 
 Transmutation 
 Separation 
 Signatures 
 
 of Natural Things. 
 
 Also a Chymical Dictionary explaining hard Places and Words met withal 
 in the Writings of Paracelsus, and other obscure Authors. All which are 
 faithfully translated out of the Latin into the English Tongue, By J. F. M.D. 
 London, Printed by A. Clark, for Tho. Williams at the Golden Ball in 
 Hosier-Lane. 1674. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 351 [i blank], 
 
 Paracelsus' tract and the Chymical Dictionary have each a title-page, included 
 in the pagination. There was an edition of this book in 4, London, 1650, pp. [16] 147 
 [13] [i blank] [2, 40]. 
 
 It may be questioned if J. F., who translated The Chymical Dictionary is practically a 
 
 Agrippa's Occult Philosophy, be the same as the translation of Corn's Dictionarium Paracelsi, but 
 
 editor of the present work, and if either or both be considerable portions have been omitted, and the 
 
 identical with John French, who wrote the Art of words have been subjected to alteration. 
 Distillation. I have considered the subject under 
 FRENCH (John). 
 
 F. (J- J-). 
 
 Der Hermetische Nord-Stern, oder getreuer Unterricht und Anweisung, wie zu 
 der Hermetischen Meisterschaft zu gelangen, nebst gutherziger Warnung 
 
 R 
 
258 F. (J. J.}FABER 
 
 F. (J. J.). Continued. 
 
 und Ermahnung, wie sich vorhero jedermann wohl zu priifen habe, ehe er 
 sich unterstehe, dieser so grossen und geheimen Wissenschaft zu unterwerfen. 
 
 in fossa uniti chare ignes, 
 
 heraus gegeben von J. J. F. Sac. Cses. Reg. M. C. A. Liebhaber des grossen 
 Geheimnufs und wahren Weifsheit, nebst einem Anhang, handlend von der 
 ewigen Weifsheit oder Magia, und sechs Tractatlein Philippi Aureoli Theo- 
 phrasti Bombast ab Hochenheim. 
 
 I. Psalterium Chymicum seu Manuale Paracelsi. 
 II. De Tinctura Physica. 
 
 III. Apocalipsis Hermetis. 
 
 IV. Thesaurus Thesaurorum Alchimistarum. 
 V. Ccelum Philosophorum. 
 
 VI. Secretum Magicum. 
 Frankfurt und Leipzig, zu finden im Krausischen Buchladen. 1771. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 296. 
 
 Appended to the tract von der ewigen Weifsheit had occasion to point out, Bibliographia Para- 
 
 oder Magia, p. 127, is a Lobgesang von der Goti- celsica, Part i., 1877, No. n. 
 
 lichen Weifsheit. See Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 340, for books 
 
 For the Paracelsus items see Sudhoff, Biblio- named after the north star and others. 
 
 graphia Paracelsica, 1894, p. 661, No. 462. This writer can hardly be J. J. Ferber, who was 
 
 The present collection escaped the notice of a declared opponent of alchemy, and wrote a paper 
 
 Mook ( Theophrastus Paracelsus . . . 1876) as I against it in the St. Petersburg Academy, which 
 
 was afterwards printed at Berlin, 1788, 8. 
 See DISCURSUS Philosophicus. 
 
 F. R. C. 
 
 See V. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. VII. 
 
 FABER (ALBERT OTHO). 
 
 Von dem medicinalischen Auro Potabili, an den grofsmachtigsten Fiirsten 
 Carolum II. von Grofs-Britannien, Franckreich und Irland Konig, Beschirmern 
 des Glaubens. Ein in der Praxi gegriindete Erzehlung, durch Albertum 
 Othonem Fabrum, Sr. Koniglichen Mayestat Medicum ordinarium. Concedirt 
 und zu drucken zugelassen den 29 Januarii, Anno 167^. Roger 1'Estrange. 
 Aus dem Englischen ins Hochteutsche iibergesetzt, und ist zu bekommen 
 zu Franckfurt, Amsterdam, und Dantzig. Bey Henrico Wilmsonio, & 
 Bartelsonio, Anno 1677. 
 
 4. Pp. 23 [i blank]. 
 
 The English edition was published with a Latin title : De Auro Potabili 
 Medicinali, ad Potentissimum Principem Carolum II. Magnae Britanniae Franciae & 
 Hyberniae Regem, Fidei Defensorem, practica recensitio, per Albertum Othonem 
 Fabrum Sacr. Reg. Maj tls - Med. Ord. Licensed Jan. 29, 167*. Roger L'Estrange. 
 Printed for the Author, in the Old Palace near the Parliament Stairs, 1677. 
 
 Small 4, pp. 16, 16. 
 
 An English edition is said to have been pub- Faber was in practice at Liibeck in 1641, then he 
 
 lished at London, 1674, 4, but considering the went to Hamburg, next into the Sultzbach-Palatine 
 
 date of the licence in the preceding that seems to service in which he was physician both of court 
 
 me doubtful. A Latin edition, Frankfurt, 1678, 4, and camp, and finally to England, where he 
 
 is quoted. It is in the British Museum. It was was appointed physician to Charles II. He 
 
 reviewed in the Ephemerides Gallicce for 1679. died at London in 1678. He wrote two tracts : 
 
 Haller mentions an edition of the German, Amst. Paradoxon de morbo Gallico, Altona, 1660, 4 ; 
 
 1675, 4. Such a German edition seems somehow and the above, 
 to be improbable on account of the date and place 
 of publication. 
 
FABERFABRE 259 
 
 FABER (ALBERT OTHO). Continued. 
 
 Ephemerides eniditorum Galiicte, 1679, No. 16, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii. 
 
 pp. 220-222. p. 133. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 21. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 188. 25), iv. p. 84. 
 
 Tocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Dictionnaire Encydoptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 
 col. 460. cales, 4eme SeYie, 1877, i. p. II. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 1778, ii. p. 175. genden Aerate, 1885, ii. p. 322. 
 
 FABER QONAS). 
 
 Pharmacopaea Hermetica Das ist : Wunderreiche Tugent vnderschiedlichen 
 Artzneyen als Tincturen, Essentzen, vnd Elixirien &c. so Melchior Meifsner 
 Chymicus in Kitzingen elaborirt vnd bereit hat. Durch Jonam Fabrum 
 Phil, ac Med. Doctorem p. t. Physicum daselbsten beschriben, vnd zu 
 jedermanniglichen sonderbahren Nutzen bevorab ins Bist: vnd Hertzogthums 
 Francken gehorigen Inwohnern in Druck gegeben. 
 
 Domine aperis manum tuam, & imples omne animal benedictione. 
 
 Psal. 144. 
 Gedruckt zu Wirtzburg, bey Elias Michael Zinck. 
 
 8. Pp. [2] 30. The License is dated: Herbipoli, 10 Martij, Anno 1666. 
 
 It contains notices of the virtues of certain secret remedies 'hermetically' prepared from the metals, 
 but the mode of preparation is not given. 
 
 FABRE (PIERRE JEAN). 
 
 Acutissimi ac celeberrimi Philosophi Petri Johannis Fabri Castrinovidarensis 
 Doctoris Medici Monspeliensis Opera Reliqua volumine hoc posteriore 
 comprehensa ; cum Indice duplici, altero Capitum, altero Rerum ac Verborum 
 locupletissimo. Libros in hoc Volumine contentos exhibet pagina quarta. 
 Francofurti ad Moenum, Sumptibus loannis Beyeri. Anno M.DC.LII. 
 4. Pp. [16] 1039 [i blank] : Index [24]. Vignette. 
 
 The tracts contained in this volume are : Another edition of this second volume was pub- 
 Hercules Piochymicus, p. i. lished by Beyer at Frankfurt in 1656, 4, pp. [40], 
 Hydrographum Spagyricum, p. 85. ' Propugnaculum,' pp. 71 [i blank], 1039 [i blank], 
 Psedagogus [or Alchymista] Christianus, p. 207. Index [?]. The first volume of the collected works 
 Secreta Chymica, p. 336. was published by Beyer at Frankfurt, 1652, 4, pp. 
 Myrothecium Spagyricum, p. 500. [28] 740 [44], ' Propugnaculum,' 71 [i blank]. 
 Palladium Spagyricum, p. 742. 
 Chirurgia Spagirica, p. 949. 
 
 Des scharffsinnigen, weltberuffenen, und unvergleichlichen Philosophi Petri 
 Johannis Fabri, der wahren Artzney Doctoris und weyland Stadt-Physici zu 
 Montpellier, alle in zwey Theile verfassete Chymische Schriften, darinnen 
 im ersten Theile enthalten. 
 
 I. Die Universal-Chymie oder Anatomic der gantzen Welt, das ist, aller 
 darinnen begriffenen Dinge, neben einer beylauffigen klaren Information, 
 was die Natur eigentlich sey, wie und woraus sie alle Dinge in den 3. Reichen 
 producire, ernahre und erhalte, ingleichen wie, nach Imitation derselben, der 
 Lapis Philosophorum durch die Spagyrische Kunst verfertiget werden musse. 
 
 II. Die Universal- Weifsheit oder Anatomic des Menschen und der Metallen, 
 worin die gantze Medicin, nebenst einer Entdeckung aller Kranckheiten und 
 der Pathematum derselben, durch die Spagyrische Kunst renoviret gezeiget 
 wird, nebst beygefiigten sehr vielen nutzlichen Arcanis. Anfanglich von 
 
260 FABRE 
 
 FABRE (PIERRE JEAN). Continued. 
 
 dem Autore in Lateinischer Sprache klar, hell und sehr deutlich beschrieben 
 jetzo aber denen Liebhabern der Philosophic und der natiirlichen Wissen- 
 schafften, welche der Lateinischen Sprache unkiindig, zum besten ins Deutsche 
 iibersetzet, und mit doppelten Registern versehen. Mit Ihr. Romisch-Kayserl. 
 und Cathol. Majest. allergnadigsten Privilegio. Hamburg, in Verlegung 
 Lucas Eding in der griinen Strasse, 1713. Gedruckt, durch Georg Friederich 
 Schultzen. 
 
 4. Pp. [48] 976, Register [60]. Title red and black. Vol. 2 has a title, included 
 in the pagination ; pp. [24] 974, Register [42]. 
 
 The second volume contains the following Palladium Spagyricum, p. 647. 
 tracts : Chirurgia Spagyrica, p. 833. 
 
 Hercules Pio-Chymicus, p. i. Alchymiae Propugnaculum, Oder Der Alchymie 
 
 Hydrographum Spagyricum, p. 75. Brustwehr, p. 917. 
 
 Alchymista Christianus, p. 181. The remainder of this book with a new title-page 
 
 Secreta Chymica, oder Chymische Geheimnissen, (in black) and called the second edition, was 
 p. 291. reissued at Hamburg by Wolffgang Fickweiler and 
 
 Myrothecium Spagyricum, oder Spagyrische Christoph Wilhelm Brandt, in 1725, but the date 
 Apothecke, p. 428. of the second volume remains 1713. 
 
 [Von Wiirckung und Gebrauch der Gold Artzney.] 
 
 12. Wants the title-page ; Sigs. Aij to Bxij in twelves. Bxij is blank. 
 
 Epistolae aliquot. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 304. 
 Manuscriptum . . . Res Alchymicorum obscuras extraordinaria perspicuitate 
 explanans. E Musseo Gabrielis Clauderi. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 291. 
 Send-Schreiben . . . von der Vortrefflichkeit der Chymischen . . . 
 Schrifften . . . Petri Joh. Fabri. 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730,1;. p. 551. 
 
 P. J. Fabre, a native of Castelnaudary in Lan- Spagyricum, Tolosae, 1628, 8 ; Palladium Spagy- 
 
 guedoc, was born in the latter part of the sixteenth ricum, Argentorati, 1632, 8 ; Propugnaculum 
 
 century, and lived till 1650. He was a physician at Alchymice, Tolosae, 1645, 8; and Die Hell- 
 
 his native place and at Montpellier. He was also scheinende Sonne, Niirnberg, 1705, 8, a translation 
 
 a voluminous writer, but his work has been judged by Conrad Horlacher of his Epistle on the obscurity 
 
 unfavourably by different critics. of Alchemy addressed to Frederick, D.uke of 
 
 Of the above-mentioned works A Ichymista Chris- Holsteiri, and printed at Niirnberg, 1690, 4. 
 tianus appeared : Tolosse, 1632, 8 ; Myrothecium 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 91. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 895. 57-9- 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 68. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1806-08, pp. 110-112. 
 
 1730, ii. p. 552. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 25), iv. p. 87. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 247. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallicce, p. 372. 
 
 1732, p. 52. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 385. 
 
 p. 286. Biographie Universelle, 1855, xiii. p. 264. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Nouvelle Biographie GMrale, 1858, xvi. col. 922. 
 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 159. (In T. i. p. 481 he Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 
 
 makes one of his silly remarks about Fabre.) 1869, i. p. 18. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 col. 471. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1200-1. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 62. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mfdi- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 282, cales, 4eme Serie, 1877, i. p. ii (calls him Jean- 
 
 314 (surgical books). Pierre). 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 563 ; 2nd 
 
 1778, ii. p. 176. Series, 1900, v. p. 424. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 16. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervor- 
 
 Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Ouvrages . . . sur ragenden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 322. 
 
 les Eaux Minfrales . . . 1785, p. 37, No. 84. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 322, etc., etc. 
 
FABRICIUSFALCK 261 
 
 FABRICIUS (WlLHELM). 
 
 See HILDANUS (WlLHELM FABRICIUS). 
 
 FACHS (MODESTIN). 
 
 Probier-Biichlein, darinne griindlicher Bericht vermeldet, wie man alle Metall, 
 vnd derselben zugehorenden Metallischen Ertzen und Getochten ein jedes 
 auff sein Eigenschafften vnd Metall recht probieren sol. Defsgleichen Lehr 
 vnd Vnterricht, der rechten Probier Oefen, Gewichten, Capellen, vnd Fliissen. 
 Zu sampt angehangtem Bericht, aufs der H. Schrifft, vnd Erfahrung durch 
 die Proba, was vorzeiten die alten Patriarchen, Romer vnd Jiiden, zu Babylon, 
 Jerusalem, vnd an den Grentzen derselben Lander, vor vnd nach der Geburt 
 Christi, bifs zu dem 1569. Jahre, fur Gewicht, Schrot, Korn vnd Geprage, 
 zu dem alten Miintzen gebraucht vnd genommen haben. Allen Miintz- 
 meistern, Wardienen, Probierern, Goldschmieden vnd andern, so mit Silber 
 oder Gekornt handeln, sehr niitzlich vnd dienstlich : Vnd jetzo zum andern 
 mal in Druck verfertiget, vnd mit fleifs corrigirt : durch weylandt H. Modestin 
 Fachsen, Fiirstlichen Anhaldischen gewesenen Miintzmeister, vnd Wardien 
 zu Leipzig. Leipzig, In Verlegung Gottfriedt Grossen, Im Jahr Christi 
 M.DC.XXII. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 236 [error for 237]. Register [9]. [i, Colophon: Leipzig, 
 gedruckt durch Hieronymum Rauschern. Im Jahr Christi : M.DC.XXII.] [i blank]. 
 Folding plate of a furnace. Title red and black. 
 
 Modestin Fachs, Fachsius, Fachsen, was master record of any edition between that and the present 
 
 of the mint of the Prince of Anhalt, and in this one. After it others are reported : Leipzig, 1636, 
 
 book he gives a system of assaying. It must have 1671, 1678, 1680, 1689 ; Amsterdam, 1669. In the 
 
 been found useful, for Baumer refers to it being in British Museum are copies of 1595, 1669, 1678, and 
 
 its nineteenth edition. The book was printed at 1689. 
 Leipzig as early as 1595, but I have met with no 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 71. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 365. 
 
 Jacob I^eupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 ed. Briickmann, 1732, p. 53. 1806-08, p. 96. 
 Baumer, Bitliftkeca Chemica, 1782, p. 66. 
 
 FALCK (JOSEPH). 
 
 Mundus Aspectabilis philosophice consideratus. Authore R. P. Josepho Falck 
 societatis Jesu, serenissimi ac potentissimi principis D. D. Caroli Alberti 
 utriusque Bavar. Ducis et Electoris &c. olim confessario. Augustse 
 Vindelicorum. Sumptibus Martini Veith Bibliopol. & Consort. Happachian- 
 orum. Anno M DCC XXXVIII. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [12] 458. 5 engraved plates. 
 
 This is a treatise on general physics, cosmo- did not hold this post very long, for he died in 
 
 graphy, and physiology, but not on chemistry. April, 1737, of apoplexy. It is narrated that he 
 
 There is a chapter on Alchemy (p. 107), to which had just seen the first page of the present work 
 
 art he is opposed. when he was seized. 
 
 The author was born at Freiburg, in Switzerland, He wrote a work on the density of liquids, and 
 
 in 1680, studied at Lyons, Paris, and Rome, where one or two upon points relating to the Calendar, 
 
 he joined the Jesuits. He was sent to Freiburg in This author must not be confused with J. P. 
 
 the Breisgau to teach philosophy, and then to Falck who lived fifty years later, and wrote about 
 
 teach mathematics at the University of Ingolstadt. Russian manufactures. 
 He was tutor to the children of the Elector, but he 
 
 Backer, Bibliotheque des crivains de la Com- Valentinus Rosinarus, Annales Ingolstadiensis 
 pagnie de Jesus , Liege, 1854, Ileme Serie, p. 180. Academics, 1782, iii. p. 139. 
 
262 
 
 FALLOPPIO 
 
 FALLOPPIO (GABRIELLO). 
 
 Gabr. Fallopii wunderlicher menschlichem Leben gewisser, vnd sehr nutzlicher 
 Secreten, Drey Biicher. 
 
 I. Von allerhand Olien, Cerotten, Vnguenten, Pillulen, vnd Electuarien. 
 
 II. Von allerhand Weinen, vnd gebrandten Wassern, zu vnderschiedlichen 
 Gebrechen vnd Schwachheiten dienlich. 
 
 III. Von etlichen sehr nutzlichen Secreten aufs der Chymia. 
 
 Allen Liebhabern der Kiinsten, vnd sorgfaltigen Haufsvattern dienlich zu 
 lesen, vnd niitzlich zugebrauchen. Vom Authore selbst in Italianischer 
 Sprach publicirt, jetzund aber Teutscher Nation zu gutem in vnser Mutter- 
 sprach vbersetzet. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, In Wolffgang 
 Hoffmanns Buchtruckerey : In verlag Christoffs le Blon : Im Jahr 1641. 
 8. Pp. 474. Register [29, i blank]. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wants the title-page. 
 
 Gabriele, or Gabriello Faloppia, Falloppio, Fal- 
 lopius or Falloppius, was born at Modena, 1523. 
 He was a pupil of Vesalius, travelled widely, and 
 became a distinguished physician and anatomist, of 
 which subject he was appointed professor at Padua, 
 in 1551. He died at Padua, 1562, in his 39th 
 
 Castellanus, Vita Illustrium Medicorum, 1617, 
 p. 206. 
 
 Melchior Adami, Vitas Germanorum Medicorum, 
 1620, p. 205. 
 
 Jacobus Philip. Tomasinus, Illustrium Virorum 
 Elogia iconibus exornata, Patavii, 1630, p. 42, and 
 portrait. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 160. 
 
 Ghilini, Teatro dHuomini Letterati, Venetia, 
 1647, i. p. 67. 
 
 Tomasinus, Gymnasium Patavinum, 1654, p. 76. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 311. 
 
 Couring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 163, 266; pp. 125, 211, 277. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum eruditione darorum, 
 1688, ii. p. 1253 ; portrait, plate 56. 
 
 Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony- 
 morum, 1708, in the section : De Scriptoribus 
 Pseudonymis detectis liber, p. 278 (quotes an 
 edition, Venice, 1569, and states that the author 
 was thought to have been Joannes Bonacius, not 
 Falloppio). 
 
 Pope Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 
 1710, p. 596. 
 
 Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savons, 1715, 
 ii. p. 95- 
 
 Freind, The History of Physick, 1725-26, 2 vols., 
 passim. 
 
 Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini, 
 Venet. 1726, i. p. 315, No. Ixiii. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 72. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires, 1728, iv. p. 396; 1731, x. p. 
 312. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 255. 
 
 Stolle, A nleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 426, etc. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^, 
 ^732, p. 53. 
 
 Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomicce Specimen^ 
 ed. sec., Lugd. Bat. 1734, p. 115. 
 
 year. By certain authorities he is said to have 
 been born in 1490, but this seems to be inaccurate. 
 The present work on secrets is generally 
 acknowledged to be spurious. Nevertheless it 
 went through several editions : Italian, 1566, 1578 ; 
 German, 1588, 1641. 
 
 Zedler, Universal~Lexicon, 1735, ix. col. 183. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 289. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 161. 
 
 Chaufepie 1 , Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique et 
 Critique, 1750, ii. letter F, p. 12. 
 
 Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 512. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 
 1751, i. pp. 97, 159, 177, 272, 291, 435, 504 (life 
 and works) ; ii. pp. 587, 724 (in suis chirurgicis 
 operibus gravissimus vir, dexterrimus anatomicus, 
 anatomes professor, & chirurgus solertissimus), 
 856. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 
 I7SS, i- P- 346 ; 1778, ii. p. 193- 
 
 MoreYi, Le grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, 
 v. p. 30. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de fAnatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, i. pp. 567-589, etc. , etc. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 338. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 218. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 217. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medecince practice, 1777, ii. 
 
 P- 143- 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon Literarium, 1780, in. pp. 
 285, 637. 
 
 Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Ouvrages . . . sur 
 les Eaux MineraUs, 1785, p. 43, No. 96. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 303, 
 331, 351. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Mtdica, 1799, i. pp. 
 295-297. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 21. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Storia della Letteratura Italiana, 
 1810, vii. p. 624. 
 
 Andres, Delf origin e progressi e stato attuale di 
 ogni Letteratura, 1816, vi. pp. 15, 18. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. in. 
 
FALLOPPIOFAMA 263 
 
 FALLOPPIO (GABRIELLO). Continued. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschickte der Arzneykunde, 1827, Nouvelle Biographic Ginerale, 1858, xvii. col. 66. 
 
 iii. p. 585. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la cales, 46016 S^rie, 1877, i. p. 167. 
 
 Mtdecine, 1834, II. i. p. 273. Haeser, GeschichcederMedicin, 1881, ii. p. 48, etc. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 132 ; Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 588 ; and 
 
 1869, ii. p. 127. Series, 1900, v. p. 462. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1845, Ferguson, 'Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' 
 
 xli. p. 288 (by F. W. Theile). Parts I. and II., Transactions of the Archaological 
 
 Bayle et Thillaye, Bivgraphie Medicale, 1855, i. Society of Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 190, 251. 
 
 p. 175. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervor- 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1855, xiii. p. 360. ragenden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 335 (article by Haeser). 
 
 FALSCHER und wahrer Lapis Philosophorum, oder : eines vornehmen und 
 Christlichen Philosophi unschatzbarer Unterricht von allem demjenigen, was 
 ihm bey kostbarster Suchung des Steins der Weisen, begegnet ist, worinnen 
 derselbe alle diejenigen Streiche, welche denen betrugerischen Laboranten 
 nur immer moglich sind, auszuiiben, aus eigener, mit vielen 1000. Ducaten 
 Unkosten verkniipft gewesener vieljahriger Erfahrung, Historisch entdecket, 
 sodann die untriiglichen Mittel, diese Betriigereyen bey Zeiten zu entdecken 
 und selbigen zu begegnen, aufrichtig zeiget; hierauf aber die Wiircklichkeit 
 des Steins der Weisen und durch was vor Mittel, unter gottlichem Beystand 
 sowobl hierzu, als zu Verfertigung der herrlichsten Artzeneyen zu gelangen, 
 klar lehret, dabey auch in einem ausfuhrlichen Anhang zeiget, wie sowohl 
 alle ausserliche als innerliche Glieder und andere Kranckheiten mit wenigen 
 
 Kosten zu heilen sind. 
 
 Symbolum : 
 
 Wem es Gott gonnt, dem giebt er es im Schlaf. 
 
 Franckfurt und Leipzig, in Commission zu haben bey Daniel Christian 
 Hechtel. MDCCLII. 
 
 4. Pp. [24] 416 [2]. Title red and black. Frontispiece and engraved plate of a 
 horoscope separate at p. 89. The frontispiece seems to be expressive of the laborious 
 futility of the Alchemists. It is a picture of a laboratory with furnaces and other 
 apparatus. The people engaged are furnished with pipes, which they are busily 
 smoking. 
 
 P. 269 are the verses beginning " Ein Ding find man, in dieser Welt," and p. 313 
 those beginning " Eine treue Lehre will ich dir geben." See ALTE TEUTSCHE REIMEN. 
 
 P. 323 is the Appendix : 
 
 Anhang der Land- und Haufs-Apotheca, wie sowohl alle ausserliche, als innerliche 
 Glieder und Kranckheiten zu curiren. Wobey sonderlich zusammen gesammelte 
 Artzney, womit sich die Armen selbst, und das, fast ohne Kosten zu curiren, auch ihre 
 Medicin selber verfertigen kb'nnen. 
 
 The first part of this Appendix contains receipts and cures for various diseases. 
 The second part is a sort of pharmacopoeia of common substances and the curative 
 virtues of the preparations. They are far from attractive. 
 
 This book is a reissue, with a new title-page, of SINCERUS HYDROPHILUS' Der 
 Chymischen und Heutigen Welt, Nutzbahre Schatz-Kammer, 1736, q.v. 
 
 It is condemned in choice phraseology by Fictuld, Geschichte der h'ohern Chetnie, 1785, p. 671. It is 
 
 Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 62, and on the also described by Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, 
 
 other hand it is recommended to all those Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1471. 
 who honour hermetic science in the Beytrag zur 
 
 FAMA Fraternitatis. 
 
 See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation, 1781. 
 
 FAMA Mystica Hermetica von dem grossen Universal-Stein, oder Lapide 
 Philosophorum der uralten Weisen, ein abgenothigter Beweifs von desselben 
 wahrhaftigem Daseyn : als eine Antwort auf dasjenige Avertissement, das 
 
264 FAMA -FA ULHABER 
 
 FAMA Mystica Hermetica. Continued. 
 
 eine unbekannte, aber sehr erlauchte Feder, in dem Monat Hornung, des 
 Jahres 1765. durch das Frankfurter und Erlanger Wochenblat an die 
 erlauchten Hohen Societaten London, Paris, Berlin &c. &c. abgegeben, und 
 offentlich bekannt gemacht hat. &c. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann 
 Paul Kraufs. 1772. 
 
 8. Pp. 88. 
 
 This is a defence of the philosophers' stone cal examples, of which he quotes thirty-seven. The 
 
 against certain attacks by an unnamed author and book, therefore, to a certain extent goes along with 
 
 by Baron von Bielenfeld. The author tries to Creiling's Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 
 
 demonstrate the reality of transmutation by various Kortum's Vertheidigung, and others, 
 considerations and arguments as well as by histori- 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 FAMA mystica hermetica vom Universalstein der alten Weisen. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, P- l6 3- 
 
 FANIANUS (JOHANNES CHRYSIPPUS). 
 
 De arte metallicse metamorphoseos ad Philoponum liber singularis. 
 See ARTE (De) Chemica Libri Duo, 1602. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 30. 
 
 De Jure Artis Alchemise. 
 
 See ARTE (De) Chemica Libri Duo, 1602. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 48. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 210. 
 
 This tract was published at Montbeliard by Fanianus was a lawyer at Basel. He wrote Liber 
 
 Jacques Foillet, in 1601, a year before the edition de Metamorphosi metallica, et an sit, Basilese, 1560, 
 
 of 1602 above mentioned. There is no difference 4; Paris, 1560, 4. De Arte met'allicce Metamor- 
 
 between them except the date. phoseos, . . . Basileae, 1576, 8. 
 
 It was reprinted by Toppi, at the end of his The legality of Alchemy and the question whether 
 
 Biblioteca, with the following title : gold and silver artificially prepared were to be con- 
 
 De Jure Artis Alchimias, hoc est variorum Auc- sidered equivalent to the natural has been discussed 
 
 torum & praesertim Jurisconsultorum juditia, & by Kopp. 
 responsa, ad qusestionem quotidianam, an Alchimia 
 sit ars legitima? 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurea Menses, 1617, p. 389. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 93. Hermdtique, 1742, iii. p. 161. 
 
 Toppi, Biblioteca Napoletana, 1678, pp. 387-391. Beytrag zur Geschichte der hokeru Chemie, 1785, 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 553. pp. 510, 547. 
 
 Reyher, Dissertatio de Nummis quibusdam ex Gmelin, Gcschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 297. 
 
 Chymico Metallofactis, 1692, p. 46 et sqq. Schmieder, Geschichteder Alchemie, 1832, p. 280. 
 
 Keren Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 130 ; 
 
 der Sckeide-Kunst, 1702, p. 123. 1869, ii. p. 125. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 74. ~L,z&ca.%u&,BibliothequeOuvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallic^, 1870, No. 544, 
 
 1732, p. 53. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. 148 ; ii. p. 392. 
 
 FARMACOPEA. 
 
 See BERGOMO. 
 
 FASCICULUS unterschiedlicher alten raren und wahren Philosophischen Schrifften 
 vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), 1719. 
 
 FAULHABER (JOHANN). 
 
 Johann Faulhabers, Vlmensis Mathematici. Zwey vnd Viertzig Secreta, welche 
 er in defs H. Reichs Statt Augspurg offentlich zu affigieren, vnd mannigklich 
 
FA ULHABERFA USTIUS 
 
 265 
 
 FAULHABER QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 zulehren von dem Loblichen Magistral gnadige Bewilligung erlangt hat. 
 Im Monat Octobris, defs 1621. Jahrs. Gedruckt zu Augspurg, bey Dauid 
 Francken, Im Jahr Christi, 1622. 
 
 4. Pp. [10, 2 blank]. 
 
 This does not treat of alchemy or chemistry, but 
 is a brief enumeration of "his miraculous new 
 inventions, sciences and secrets of various mathe- 
 matical and other wonderful arts never before 
 heard of." 
 
 Faulhaber, born at Ulm 5 May, 1580, a man 
 of extraordinary diligence and labour, was an 
 arithmetician at Ulm, and wrote a number of works 
 on arithmetic and mathematics in which he was 
 
 Boissardus, Conlinuatio secunda Iconum vir- 
 orum illtistrium, 1650, plate mm 2. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchtn- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, ii. 
 p. 243 (Th. ii. B. xvii. C. xvii. 52). 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 527. 
 
 deeply skilled. But he was involved in mysticism, 
 was a believer in the nunierical cabala, and lost his 
 time over Rosicrucianism and goldmaking, and was 
 a disciple of Valentin Weigel. He died of the 
 plague in 1635. His portrait is given by Boissardus. 
 For other writings connected with Faulhaber 
 
 See C. EUTHYMIUS DE BRUSCA, JOHANNES REM- 
 MELINUS, and LEONHARDUS SUTORIUS. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophic, 1766, IV. 
 ii. p. 211. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1845, 
 xlii. p. 83 (a long account by Gartz). 
 
 FAUSTIUS (JOHANNES MICHAEL). 
 
 Job. Michaelis P'austij, Med. Doct. Physici Francofurt. Ordinarij, Academ. 
 Leopoldino Imperialis Theophili, Compendium Alchymist. Novum, sive 
 Pandora Explicata & Figuris Jllustrata. Das ist, die Edelste Gabe Gottes, 
 oder ein Giildener Schatz, mil welchem die alten und neuen Philosophi, die 
 unvollkommene Metall, durch Gewalt des Feuers verbessert, und allerhand 
 schadliche und unheylsame Kranckheiten innerlich und ausserlich, durch 
 deren Wurckung, vertrieben haben. Dieser Edition wird annoch, nebst 
 vielen KupfTern, und iiber 800. Philosophischen Anmerckungen, ein voll- 
 komenes Lexicon Alchymisticum Novum, und ein vollstandiges Register 
 Rerum & Verborum, beygefiiget. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Verlegts Johann 
 Zieger, 1706. 
 
 8. Pp. [32] 1071. Index [194], 19 woodcut plates separate. Small woodcuts 
 in the text. Title red and black, printed across two pages. Engraved title printed on 
 two pages, both included in signature ) (. The letterpress explaining the woodcuts is 
 not paged, but is lettered from A to T. The pagination, however, runs on con- 
 secutively. ' Lexicon Alchemiae,' pp. 104 ; ' Summarischer Begriff,' pp. 236. 
 
 The work has a preface by Faustius and a reprint 
 of that by Hieronymus Reusner prefixed to ' Pan- 
 dora.' The present work consists of the text of 
 Paiitfora illustrated by numerous extracts and 
 parallel passages from all the alchemical writers 
 with the supplementary matter above mentioned 
 added. See PANDORA. 
 
 The remainder of the ' Lexicon ' and ' Sum- 
 marischer Begriff' were reissued together at 
 
 Hamburg in 1727, the former with a title-page : 
 " Lexikon Alchemise D. Joh. Michaelis Faustii," 
 and the latter with an interpolated very detailed 
 title-page beginning : "Succincta & brevis Artis 
 Chemioe Instructio." Copies of Faustius' 'Pan- 
 dora ' occur without this supplement. See below. 
 
 Schmieder quotes : Compendium Alchymice 
 novum, Francof. 1706, 8, as if it were a distinct 
 work. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Imperfect, wanting the 'Lexicon' and 'Summarischer Begriff.' 
 
 Philaletha Illustratus, sive Introitus Apertus ad Occlusum Regis Palatium, novis 
 quibusdam Animadversionibus explanatus. Cum nova Prsefatione qua Vita 
 pariter ac Scripta, turn edita turn inedita, ^Eyrenaei Philalethae breviter 
 exponuntur. Accessit his Narratio de Vita et Scriptis Starckii, nee non 
 Dn. Doct. Becheri Pantaleon delarvatus. Opera Joh. Michaelis Faustii, 
 
266 FAUSTIVSFEHR 
 
 FAUSTIUS (JOHANNES MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 Medic. Uoct. Reiquepublicse Francofurtensis ad Mcenum Physici Ordinarii, 
 In Collegio Curiosorum died Theophili. Francofurti ad Mcenum, Sumpt. 
 Job. Philipp. Andreae. Anno M DCC VI. 
 
 8. Pp. [64, including the Symbolic Frontispiece : ' Sigillum Sapientum '] 122. 
 Index [6]. 
 
 The preface by Faustius treats of Starkey and his " Kommentar iiber Philalethd Metallvenvandlung, 
 
 works. That by Wedel discusses briefly the history Frankfurt, 1708 ; and 1728, 8. 
 
 of Alchemy and of Philaletha, and Lange's also Johann Michael Faust or Faustius was born at 
 
 deals with historical examples of possessors of the Basel, 8 June, 1663, was physician at Frankfurt 
 
 stone. a. M., and died there 7 October, 1707. He was 
 
 The work concludes with Becher's Pantaleon received into the Leopoldine-Carolinian Society, 13 
 
 delarvatus, a criticism of Gassman^.z/.). Schmieder August, 1692, under the name of Theophilus. 
 mentions only a German version of the above : 
 
 Lenglet-Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Argent. 1688, 4, by J. M. Faustius. Is he identical 
 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 485 ; iii. pp. 161, 162. with the editor of Pandora ?). 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 321. 
 
 ffistoria, 1755, p. 479, No. 194. Schmieder, Geschichle der Alchemie, 1832, p. 514. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 729 \ J nAra.gvLG,BibliothequeOuvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 
 
 (quotes a work : wept wrap/now, de Sternutatione, 1870, No. 1310. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 338, 368. 
 
 FAUSTUS SAB^US. 
 
 See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 278; 1751, p. 330; 1792, p. 368. 
 
 FEDRO (GEORG). 
 
 See PHJEDRO (GEORG). 
 
 FEGFEUER der Chymisten. 
 
 See SOLDNER ( ). 
 
 See ALETHOPHILUS, Gliickliche Erober- und Demolirung des . . . Fegefeuers 
 der Scheidekunst, 1705. 
 
 FEHR (JOHANN MICHAEL). 
 
 Hiera Picra, vel de Absinthio analecta, ad normam & formam Academiae 
 Naturae Curiosorum selecta, a Job. Michaele Fehr, D. Phys. Svinfurt. 
 Ordin. Anno salutiferi partus M DC LXVII. 
 
 Qvse Deus occulta esse voluit, non sunt scrutanda; Qvae vero manifesta 
 fecit, non sunt negligenda, ne & in illis illicite-Curiosi & in his 
 damnabiliter inveniamur ingrati. Prosper de vocat. gent. 
 Lipsise, Impensis Viti Jacobi Trescheri, Bibliopolae Vratislaviensis. Literis 
 Johan-Erici Hahnii. 1668. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 176 [4]. Title red and black. 3 plates. Woodcut of an earwig 
 (p. 79). Folding woodcut of a leech ; folding address to the Academy at the end. 
 
 Fehr was born at Kitzingen in Franconia (" Kit- death of Bausch who was the founder and first 
 tinga patria mea," as he says in the present work, president, Fehr succeeded him in 1666 (see the 
 p. 120), 9 May, 1610, according to Lochner (Jocher address at the end of the present book), and worked 
 says 1601, and others 1620, but 1610 seems correct), hard to promote the interests of the Academy. He 
 studied at various German Universities, went to wrote Anchora Sacra seu de Scorzonera tractatus, 
 Italy and graduated M.D. at Padua in 1641. He Jena, 1666, the present book, and numerous con- 
 settled at Schweinfurt and along with Johann tributions to the Academy on Arnica, Plica, the 
 Lorenz Bausch and two other physicians started Kissingen waters, and other medical and pharma- 
 the Academia Naturee Curiosorum. After the ceutical topics. He died at Schweinfurt in 1688. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, Norimb. 1686, Stolle, Anleitung sur Historie der medicinischen 
 
 p. 642. Gelahrheit, Jena, 1731, p. 850 (an extract about 
 
 Lochner, Memoria J. Michaelis Fehr, Jena, ' Paracenlesis Abdominis ). 
 
 1690, 4. (This was reprinted by Mangel. ) ' Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, Jena, 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1740, p. 291. 
 
 Genev. 1731, I. ii. p. 264-272. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lextcon, Leipzig, 
 
 1750, ii. col. 543- 
 
FEHRFERRAR1US 267 
 
 FEHR (JOHANN MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Historia t 1755, p. 463, No. 2. 1806-08, p. 185. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, Tiguri, 1771, i. p. Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 529. 25), iv. p. 122. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, Londini, 1774, Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, Halle, 
 
 p. 613. 1827, iv. pp. 490, 546, 553. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, Bernse, 1774, i. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mide- 
 
 p. 424. cine, Paris, 1834, II. i. p. 288. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, Biographic Universelle, 1855, xiii. p. 483. 
 
 1778, ii. p. 202. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, Basileae, Jena, 1855, p. 467 (foundation of the Academy and 
 
 1779, iii. p. 192. list of early contributions), 644. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, Gottingen (1798), Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der heruorragcn- 
 ii. pp. 205, 207, 212, 766. den Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 349. 
 
 FEINE (Eine) Beschreibung der philosophischen Materie und ihrer Bereitung. 
 
 See VIER aufserlesene Teutsche Chemische Biichlein, 1697, p. 228. 
 See VIER unterschiedene Chymische Tractatlein, 1772, p. 23. 
 
 FELDTAW (ANONYMUS VON). 
 
 See CROLLIUS (OSWALDUS). 
 
 FERRARA-AULISIO (NICCOLO). 
 
 See DONZELLI (GIUSEPPE), Teatro Farmaceutico, 1728. 
 
 He edited the work of Dominico d'Aulisio : Delle scuole sacre libri due postumi . . . publicati dal suo 
 erede Nicolo Ferrara-Aulisio, Napoli, 1723, 4. 
 
 FERRARI (GIACOMO). 
 
 See QUERCETANUS (jOSEPHUS), Le Richezze della Riformata Farmacopea, 1677 ; 
 1684. 
 
 FERRARIUS. 
 
 P'ratris Ferrarii Tractatus Chemicus excellentissimus, hactenus in principio 
 et fine plusquam dimidia parte mutilatus, & corruptissime sub corrupto 
 Efferarii Monachi nomine aliquoties publicatus, nunc ex MS. exemplari 
 Dn. Nicolai Maii, Augustiss. Imperatoris Rudolfi secundi &c. quondam 
 Consiliarij, integritati restitutus & philosophorum filiis sincere communicatus. 
 Geismarise, Typis Salomonis Schadewitz. Sumptibus Sebaldi Kohlers. 
 M.DC.XLVII. 
 
 8. Pp. 86. (Sigs. Aaa to Fff3, in 8.) This seems to be a section taken from 
 Combach's Collection mentioned below. 
 
 De Lapide Philosophorum secundum verum modum formando, Efferarius 
 Monachus ad Apostolicum quendam scribit. 
 See GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO), Veras alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 232. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 143. 
 
 This is only an extract from the TRACTATUS. 
 
 Ein sehr furtrefflicher Chimischer Tractat an den Pabst geschrieben. 
 
 See LANGE (JOHANN), Chymisches Zweyblat, 1674. 
 
 Se( LANGE (JOHANN), Des Hochgelehrten Philalethae und anderer auserlesene 
 Chymische Tractatlein, 1748 (1749), p. 107. 
 
268 FERRARIUSFICINUS 
 
 FERRARIUS. Continued. 
 
 Ghymische Abhandlung fiir den Pabst * * * nach einem Manuscript Herrn 
 Nicol. Majus, . . . zum ersten mal erganzet und in Druck gegeben zu 
 Geismar im Jahre 1647 von L. C. 
 See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1772, I. ii. p. 159. 
 
 This is a translation from the Tractatus aliquot and published at Geismar in 1647. See the Latin 
 chemici singulares, edited by Ludwig Combach, version above. 
 
 Thesaurus Philosophise. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO), Verae alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 237. 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz vnd Kunstkammer, 1614, Part iii. 
 
 p. 17. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 151. 
 See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708-1718, p. 606. 
 
 Ferrarius, called also Efferarius and Euferarius, the latter, that is about the beginning of the thir- 
 
 is supposed to have been an Italian, an abbot or a teenth century. I am not sure that this is quite 
 
 monk of Ferrara, and to have flourished about conclusive. Events of his life and the date of his 
 
 1200, the date 1280 put forward by Lenglet death are alike unknown, but the works ascribed to 
 
 Dufresnoy being deemed too late. The argument him are highly praised by Fictuld and are " recom- 
 
 for the date started by Borrichius is that, since he mended to beginners," according to that writer's 
 
 quotes the Turba, Geber and Morienus, but not formula. 
 Arnaldus or Lullius, he must have lived prior to 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Mensa, 1617, p. 389. Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 71. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 84, 89, 94. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 56-7. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Serif forum Chemicorum, Schmieder, Geschichteder Alchemie, 1832, p. 129. 
 
 1697, p. 14, No. xxi. ' Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 383 ; 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1866, i. p. 407. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 210. \A&r*%\K.,BibliothequeOuvaroff', Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1870, Nos. 745-8. 
 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 220, 467 ; iii. pp. 42, 162. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 357. 
 
 FERRO (GIOVANNI MARIA). 
 
 See QUERCETANUS (jOSEPHUS), Le Ricchezze della Riformato Farmacopea, 1677; 
 1684. 
 
 FEUER. 
 
 See MOEBIUS (GOTTFRIED), Neu-angeziindt hellbrennendes Feuer, 1680. 
 
 FEUER-STAB. 
 
 Philosophischer und Magischer Feuer-Stab. 
 
 See HERMOGENES. 
 
 FEVRE (NICOLAS LE). 
 
 See LEFEVRE (NICOLAS). 
 
 FICINUS (MARSILIUS). 
 
 Biichlein von dem Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See MONTE CUBITI (v. DE), Dreyfaches Hermetisches Kleeblat, 1667, p. 373. 
 
 Buchlein vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 294. 
 
 This is an extract only. 
 
 Liber de Arte Chemica.. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 172. 
 
FICINUS 
 
 269 
 
 FICINUS (MARSILIUS). Continued. 
 
 Das neunte Buch Marsilii Ficini vom Stein der Weisen Lapis Philosophorum 
 genannt. 
 
 See H. (c. G.), Eines wahren Adepti besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie, 1757, 
 p. 183. 
 
 Ficinus was born at Florence in 1433, and Was 
 educated at the cost of Cosmo de' Medici. He 
 studied philosophy, theology, medicine, and music 
 with the utmost zeal, and became professor of 
 philosophy and priest and canon at Florence. He 
 was a great favourite of Lorenzo de 1 Medici. He 
 is remembered as the most devoted adherent of 
 Plato and exponent of his philosophy, his admira- 
 tion of which carried him to extremes. But he 
 was also a student of and believer in alchemy and 
 astrology, and he is one of the authorities on the 
 plague in the fifteenth century (1477-78), having 
 written a book // consiglio contra la Pestilentia, 
 translated into Latin by Hier. Riccius, Augspurg, 
 1518, 4; Basel, 1532. His other works deal with 
 religious and philosophical subjects, and he made 
 a translation of Plato, published at Florence 
 
 about 1490, followed by other editions. That of 
 Plotinus appeared in 1492,. As to the merits 
 of these translations critics have held different 
 opinions. 
 
 Ficinus is reported to have been of very small 
 stature, and though of delicate health to have been 
 cheerful and lively, and extremely energetic, dili- 
 gent and laborious. He died at an estate he 
 possessed neat Florence in 1499, in the sixty-sixth 
 year of his age. There is a legend that just after 
 his death he appeared to a friend, Michael Mer- 
 catus, with whom he had often discussed the 
 question of immortality, and assured him that it 
 was true. 
 
 His collected works were published at Venice, 
 1516, Basel, 1561, 1576, Paris, 1641, in two volumes 
 folio. 
 
 Paolo Giovio, Le Inscrittioni paste sotto le vere 
 imagine de gli huomini jamosi in lettere, Venetia, 
 
 1558, P. 93- 
 
 Paolo Giovio, Elogia Vtrorum litteris illustrium, 
 
 1577, P- 56. 
 
 J. M. Toscanus, Peplus Italics, 1578, p. 26, 
 No. xli. (speaks of his ' in brevi corpusculo amplum 
 ingenium '). 
 
 Boissardus, /cones quinquaginta virorum illus- 
 trium doctrina et eruditione, 1597, i. pp. 154-157. 
 
 Castellanus, Vita illustrium Medicorum, 1617, 
 p. 171. 
 
 Boissardus, Bibliotheca chalcographica illustrium 
 virtute atque eruditione . . . clarissimorum vir- 
 orum, 1650, plate Eee 3. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 94. 
 
 Vossius, De Universes Mathesios Natura . . . 
 Liber, 1660, pp. 184, 367. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 783. 
 
 Magirus, Eponymologium criticum, 1687, p. 349. 
 
 Moller, Homonymoscopia, 1697, pp. 698, 699. 
 
 Pope Blount, Censura celebriorum Authorum, 
 1710, p. 492. 
 
 Fabricius, Histories Bibliothecce Fabriciance 
 Pars iii. , 1719, p. 199. 
 
 Schelhorn, Amcenitates liferaricE, 1725, i. pp. 
 18-136. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grtzca, 1726, xiii. p. 322. 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires, 1728, v. p. 214 ; 1731, x. 
 
 P- 314. 
 
 Buddeus, Compendium Historic Philosophies, 
 1731, pp. 142,371. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 872. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 97 (I. i. n. 3), i. 
 p. 279(1. i. 23. 40); ii. p. 39 (II. i. 7. 15); ii. p. 
 200 (II. ii. 10. i) ; iii. p. 525 (III. v. i. 3); iii. p. 
 528 (III. v. i. 7). 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca latino media et infimce 
 eetatis, 1734, Lib. vi. pp. 496-7, cum Supplemento 
 Mansii, pp. 165-6. 
 
 Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1735, ix. col. 806. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, pp. 368, 370, 405, 406, 495, 624. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 296. 
 
 Freytag, Adparatus Litterarius, 1752, i. pp. 
 405-410; 1753, ii. 1204, 1360; 1755, iii. pp. 82-5, 
 ico-4, 349-3 6l > 5 8 7, 761. 
 
 MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, 
 v. p. 148. 
 
 Museum Mazzuchellianum, 1761, i. p. 134, pi. 
 xxviii. No. iv. 
 
 Brucker, Historia critica Philosophies, 1767, i. 
 pp. 540, 628, 659 ; 1766, ii. pp. 217, 223 ; 1766, 
 IV. i. pp. 48-55. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 151. 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1777, ii. pp. 
 480, 593. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 
 150. 
 
 Buhle, Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, 1800, 
 ii. pp. 72-77, 171-336. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p, 85. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 37. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Sloria della Letteratura Italiana, 
 1809, VI. ii. pp. 367, 399. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 
 2 35- 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1846, 
 xliv. pp. 1-18 (elaborate article by Baehr). 
 
 Wilh. Rud. Weitenweber, Ueber des Marsilius 
 Ficinus Werk ' de vita studiosorum,' Prague, 1855, 
 
 4. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1856, xiv. p. 91. 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1858, xvii. col. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophie des Mittelalten, 
 1866, iii. pp. 151-167. 
 
 \ja*ATag\&,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secrcta, 
 1870, Nos. 880-1. 
 
 Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques , 
 
 1875- P- 537- 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme Se"rie, 1878, ii. p. 86. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 70, 160. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 966 ; and 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 776. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i, pp. 188, 212, 
 252. 
 
270 FICTULD 
 
 FICTULD (HERMANN). 
 
 Hermann Fictulds Abhandlung von der Alchymie und derselben Gewifsheit. 
 Erlang 1754. verlegts, Johann Carl Tetzschner. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] 226. 
 When he mentioned this tract in the Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 75, it was still in MS. 
 
 Azoth et Ignis, das ist, das wahre Elementarische Wasser und Feuer oder 
 Mercurius Philosophorum, als das einige nothwendige der Fundament^ 
 Uranfange und Principiorum des Steins der Weisen. Aureum Vellus oder 
 Goldenes Vliefs was dasselbe sey, sowohl in seinem Ursprunge, als erhabenen 
 Zustande. Denen Filiis Artis und Liebhabern der Hermetischen Philosophie 
 dargelegt, auch, dafs darunter die Prima Materia Lapidis Philosophorum, 
 samt dessen Praxi verborgen, erofnet von Herman Fictuld. Leipzig, bey 
 Michael Blochberger, 1749. 
 
 8. Pp. [4, including the frontispiece] 379 [i]. 
 
 l^z.d.rag\\e,Bil>lioth}queOnvaro/,SciencesSecrites, Fleece was founded by the Duke of Burgundy who 
 
 1870, No. 1375. possessed the stone, in honour of the alchemical 
 
 There is a note on 'Azoth' by Kopp, Die art. He gives {chap, ii.) a list of authors who have 
 
 Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 30. written alchemical treatises entitled 'The Golden 
 
 Fictuld asserts that the order of the Golden Fleece.' 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Hermann Fictulds Chymische Schrifften darinnen in zwolff koniglichen Palasten, 
 von dem Stein der Weisen gehandelt wird. Samt einer kurtzen Vorrede 
 ans Licht gestellet, durch Friederich Roth-Scholtzen, Herrenstadio-Silesium. 
 Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Christoph Gopner, Buchhandler in 
 Niirnberg, 1734. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 230. Roth-Scholtz's arms on p. 230. Title red and black. 
 
 The tract has a separate title : 
 
 Das edele Perlein und theurer Schatz der Himmlischen Weisheit ; In rwolff 
 koniglichen Palasten vorgestellet und beschrieben ; Nemlich wie der Stein der 
 Weisen vom Anfang bis zum Ende gemacht und bereitet werde ; Nebst einem 
 Anhang und Anweisung vom Chaos, daraus alles herkommt, so zu unserer Kunst 
 gehoret ; Samt einem Gesprache ; Um vieler Ursachen willen genbthiget worden, 
 solches heraus zu geben, von einem Liebhaber der ewigen Weifs- und Warheit Gott- 
 licher Geheimnissen, genannt Hermann Fictuld. Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey Joh. 
 Christoph GSpner. MDCCXXXIV. 
 
 The Anhang vom Chaos (p. 153) and the Gesprdch (p. 199) have each a title, 
 included in the pagination : 
 
 Anhang und Anweisung vom allgemeinen natiirlichen Chaos der Natur-gemassen 
 Alchymie und Alchymisten ; daraus alles herkommt, so zu unserer Kunst gehoret. 
 
 The other is : 
 
 Ein Gesprache zwischen dem Konig Mascos, seiner Schwester Agos, und einem 
 Hermetischen Lehr-jOnger, von dem Stein der Weisen, zu fernerer Erklarung des 
 Chaos und der Arbeit. 
 
 Fictuld (Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 72) is sorry more regard for his own credit ! Fictuld himself is 
 there are so many misprints in this book, and says never in fault, 
 that Mr. Gopner, the printer, ought to have had 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Hermann Fictulds Chymische Schrifften, darinnen von dem Stein der Weisen 
 gehandelt wird. Nebst Herrn D. Johann Samuel Carls, Priiffung der wahren 
 und falschen Chymie; und einer Nachrede von Fatis Chymicis. Mit einer 
 
FICTULD 271 
 
 FICTULD (HERMANN). Continued. 
 
 kurtzen Vorrede ans Licht gestellet durch Friedeirch (sic) Roth-Scholtzen ; 
 Herrenstadio-Silesium. Franckfurt und Leipzig, bey Johann Christoph 
 Gopner Buchhandler in Niirnberg. 1734. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 230. Roth-Scholtz's arms on p. 230. Title red and black. 
 
 In this copy the subsidiary title : Das edle which do not appear in the collection, was ap- 
 
 Perlein, &c., has been put first, before the general patently cancelled and that in the preceding copy 
 
 title and the preliminary matter. The present substituted for it. In every other respect the 
 
 general title, referring as it does to certain tracts editions are identical. 
 
 Hermetica Victoria, das ist : vollkommen erfochtener Sieg und Triumph, des 
 Welt-beruffenen und gleichwohl verachteten Herma-Phroditi, iiber die gantze 
 Schaar der Cotter und Patronen des Metallischen und Mineralischen Reichs; 
 dafs er, und nicht dieselben, die prima Materia Lapidis Philosophorum sey. 
 Unter einem im Traum gesehenen Reichs-Tage und daselbst gehorten 
 Gesprache vorgetragen, und zum Druck befordert durch Herman Fictuld. 
 Leipzig, bey Michael Blochberger, 1750. 
 
 8. Pp. 224. 
 
 Der langst gewiinschte und versprochene Chymisch-Philosophische Probier- 
 Stein, auf welchem so wohl die Schrifften der wahren Adeptorum als auch 
 der betriigerischen Sophisten seyn probiret worden. Wodurch einem ieden 
 Sucher der Weisheit der rechte Weg gezeiget, und hingegen alle Irrwege 
 entdecket werden, so dafs er nunmehro gar nicht fehlen kan. In zwey 
 Classen verfasset von Hermann Fictuld. Franckfurt und Leipzig, Bey 
 Michael Blochberger. 1740. 
 
 8. Pp. 112, including the Frontispiece. 
 This contains only the first part or class. I have not seen the second part with this date. 
 
 Der langst gewiinschte und versprochene Chymisch-philosophische Probier- 
 Stein, auf welchem sowohl der wahrhafften Hermetischen Adeptorum als der 
 verfiihrischen und betriegerischen Sophisten Schrifften sind probirt und nach 
 deren Werth dargestellt worden, beschrieben in Zweyen Classen, darvon 
 die Erste bereits herausgegangen, gegenwartig aber von dem Authore von 
 neuem iibersehen, corrigirt und von seinthero zu Handen gebrachten 
 Authoren vermehret. Die zweyte Clafs aber hinzu gefiigt worden ist. Durch 
 Hermann Fictuld. Franckfort und Leipzig, Bey Veraci Orientali Wahrheit 
 und Ernst Lugenfeind, 1753. 
 
 8. Pp. [2 blank, 12] 170. Title red and black. 
 The first part has a separate title : 
 
 Des langst gewiinschten und versprochenen Chymisch-Philosophischen Probier- 
 Steins Erste Clafs, . . . Zweyte und vermehrte Auflage. Franckfort . . . 
 1753- 
 
 The second part has a long title commencing : 
 
 Des langst gewiinschten und versprochenen Chymisch-Philosophischen Probier- 
 Steins Zweyte Clafs, . . . Franckfort . . . 1753. 
 
 Pp. [1-22] 23-171 [i blank], 
 
 Des langst gewiinschten und versprochenen Chymisch-Philosophischen Probier- 
 Steins Erste Classe, In welcher der wahren und achten Adeptorum und 
 anderer wiirdig erfundenen Schrifften nach ihrem jnnerlichen Gehalt und 
 
272 FICTULD 
 
 FICTULD (HERMANN). Continued. 
 
 Werth vorgestellt und entdecket worden, durch Hermann Fictuld. Dritte 
 Auflage. Dresden, in der Hilscherschen Buchhandlung, 1784. 
 
 8. Pp. viii. 164 [4]. 
 
 Besides these another edition is quoted : 1762. intermediate in Fictuld's opinion between these. 
 
 He divides the philosophers into two classes, the It is not always easy to see Fictuld's principle ot 
 
 true and genuine adepts, who are pious souls, classification, if he had any ; and it would not be 
 
 lovers of their neighbour and of posterity, some of difficult to apply to his criticisms and estimates 
 
 whom have written works of edification, some some of the depreciatory remarks he applies to 
 
 suitable for beginners, but others not. Among others. The richness of his vocabulary in abuse is 
 
 these worthy men Fictuld humbly places himself. an abiding source of interest and edification. HP, 
 
 The second class consists of sophists, arch-deceivers in turn, is not spared by a reviewer in the Archiv 
 
 whose books should be burned. There is nothing fitr Rosenkreuzer. 
 
 Turba Philosophorum, das 1st: Gesammlete Spriiche der Weisen zur Erlauterung 
 der hermetischen Schmaragd-Tafel, oder von dem Stein der Weisen, wie 
 derselbige zu bereiten sey und erlangt werde. Zu Ehren der kunstbeflissenen 
 Sohne der Weisheit heraus gegeben, durch Hermann Fictuld. 
 
 Priifet alles; aber das Gute behaltet. 
 Ao. 1763. 
 
 8. Pp. 184. Somewhat wormed. 
 
 In the Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 75, this work is spoken of as in MS. at that 
 time. The title is adopted, of course, from the old treatise of that name. 
 
 Abhandlung von der Gewifsheit der Alchemic. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C, 1779, iii. p. 288. 
 
 Aureum Vellus, goldenes Vlies. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 265. 
 
 Ein Auszug aus etlichen sehr rar gewordenen . . . Werken . . . H. Fictulds. 
 See H. (j. c.), Von der Natur und Kunst, 1781. 
 
 These consist of extracts from Das edle Perlein, The editor reprinted these because the originals 
 p. 63 ; Anhangvom Chaos, p. 102 ; Ein Gesprache were so rare, and had not been seen by the editor 
 zwischen Mascos und Agos, p. 130 ; Hermetischer of the HERMETISCHES A. B. C. 
 Triumphbogen, or Cabbala mystica natures, p. 142 ; 
 and Occulta occultissime, p. 185. 
 
 Azoth et Ignis. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 252. 
 
 Einzelne Zeugnisse aus dem Probirsteine. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 71. 
 
 Hermetica Victoria. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 271. 
 
 Turba Philosophorum. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv - P- 1 S- 
 
 Nothing is recorded about Fictuld's life, but his Schwester Agos ' appended to Das edle Perlein 
 
 name and works are familiar to most writers on the (<?.v.); ' Hermetischer Triumph-Bogen &c. nemlich, 
 
 subject, and the Probier-Stein is sometimes quoted Cabbala mystica naturae, und Occulta occultissime.' 
 and recommended as an authority, which it is not. According to Kopp {Die Alchemie, 1886, 
 
 Doubtless some of the information he gives in it is ii. p. 367) the person who printed under the 
 
 correct, but he has made such erroneous state- pseudonym of Fictuld was really called Johann 
 
 ments in matters which can be checked, that he Heinrich Schmidt von Sonnenberg, who is not 
 
 is quite unreliable in those where no check can be to be confused with Johann Georg Schmid (q.v.). 
 
 applied. But in the HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, " P- 7 2 > 
 
 Besides the above works he himself enumerates : the Probier-Stein is ascribed to a Baron Meinstoff, 
 
 ' Gesprach zwischen dem Kbnig Mascos und seiner without taking any notice of Fictuld. Which of 
 
FICTULD FIG ULUS 273 
 
 FICTULD (HERMANN). Continued. 
 
 these is correct I am unable to say. See also Marsciano gave him a copy of his book in 1764. 
 
 HKRMRTISCHE.S A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 39. Fictuld died in 1777, in the seventy-eighth year of 
 
 There is still another version. It is said that he his age. Semler was of opinion that he did not 
 
 was a native of Langenthal, and that his real err on the side of modesty, and points out that his 
 
 name was Mummenthaler, that he had travelled name HerMann FICtVLD is a chronogram for 
 
 much and seen much, but that he was certainly 1656, but he does not deduce anything from the 
 
 not an adept. Count Franciscus Onuphrio de fact, if it were intentional. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Siein, 1753, Th. i. pp. 71-76. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 316. 
 (List of his writings to date. ) Murr, Uber den ivahren Ursprung der Rosen- 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 99. krevzer und des Freymaurerordens^ 1803, p. 78. 
 
 Archivfur Rownkreuzer , 1785, ii. pp. 399, 401. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1806-08, pp. 259, 272, 289. 
 
 pp. 560, 667, 670, 671. (Commends Fictuld for his Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 544. 
 thoroughness.) Ladrague,Z7z/z<?/A<^ Ouvaroff,SciencesSecrltes, 
 
 Semler, Unpartheiische Samlungen zur Historic 1870, Nos. 539, 540, 647, 1374-79, 1511. 
 der Rosenkreuzer* 1788, iii. p. 165. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. 367, 373, etc. , etc. 
 
 FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS). 
 
 Pandora Magnalium Naturalium Aurea et Benedicta, de Benedicto Lapidis 
 Philosoph. Mysterio. Darinnen Apocalypsis des Hocherleuchten Aegyptischen 
 Konigs vnd Philosophi, Hermetis Trismegisti; von vnserm Teutschen Hermete, 
 dem Edlen, Hochthewrem Monarchen vnd Philosopho Trismegisto, A. Ph. 
 Theophrasto Paracelso &c. Verdolmetschet : wie auch Tinctura Physicorum 
 Paracelsica, mit einer Schonen Erklerung des auch Edlen vnd Hocherfahrnen 
 Philosophi, Alexandri von Siichten, Utrijusque Medicine D. Sampt Seiner 
 AL. V. S. angehengten 3. Vnderschiedlichen Tractetlein, so vor nie gesehen 
 worden, wie auch Anderen Ejusdem materiae Corollariis, wie sie nach der 
 Vorredt Specifiret (sic] werden : Allen Filiis Doctrinae Hermeticae zu nutz 
 vnd gutem jetzo publiciret. Durch Benedictum Figulum ; Utenhoviatem, 
 Fr : P. L. C. T. T. P. M. E. D. T. P. D. G. N. Getruckt zu Strafsburg, 
 inn Verlegung Lazari Zetzeners. 1608. 
 
 8. Pp. [32] 292 [i, i blank], i woodcut. The vignette is a six-rayed star. 
 In the centre circle is the symbol for Mercury, in the rays are the astronomical symbols 
 for gold, silver, copper, lead, tin and iron. The book contains the following tracts : 
 
 Liber Apocalypseos Hermetis, Theo. Paracelso, Regulas seu Canones aliquot Philosophici de 
 
 interprete, De supremo Mundi Secreto, p. i. Lapide Philosophico, p. 216. 
 
 De Vera Medicina Alexandri a Suchten Elegia, Tractatlein von Lapide Philosophorum Anonymi, 
 
 P- 17- P- 234. 
 
 Dialogus, Alexandri a Suchten, p. 49. Rythmi Germanici von diesem hogen Tmctur- 
 
 Ex libro de tribus Facultatibus Alexandri a werck Anonymi Authoris, p. 263. 
 
 Suchten, p. 112. De Auro Potabili Theophrasti Paracelsi, p. 275. 
 
 Explicatio Tinctura Physicorum Theophrasti Von der Krafft vnnd Wilrckung auch rechtem 
 
 Paracelsi, ab Alexandro a Suchten, p. 143. nutzlichem Gebrauch des herrlichen Antidoti so 
 
 man Aurum Potabile nennet, p. 279. 
 
 Rosarium Novum Olympicum et Benedictum. Das ist : Ein newer Gebene- 
 deyter Philosophischer Rosengart, darinnen vom aller weisesten Konig 
 Salomone, H. Salomone Trismosino, H. Trithemio, D. Theophrasto, &c. 
 gewiesen wirdt, wie der Gebenedeyte Guldene Zweig, vnnd Tincturschatz, 
 vom vnverwelcklichen Orientalischen Baum der Hesperidum, vormittels 
 Gottlicher Gnaden, abzubrechen vnd zu erlangen sey : Allen vnd jeden Filiis 
 doctringe Hermeticae, vnd D. Theophrasticae Liebhabern zu gutem trewlich 
 eroffhet in zwen Theilen. Pars Prima. 
 
 lamblichus. Deus in Ccelo est, revelans mysteria 
 
 Quicquid habemus boni, habemus profunda & abscondita. 
 
 a Sole, vel ab ipso, vel per alia. 
 
 S 
 
274 FIGULUS 
 
 FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS). Continued. 
 
 Per Benedictum Figulum ; Vtenhoviatem, Francum ; Poetam L. C. Theo- 
 logum ; Theosophum ; Philosophum ; Medicum Eremitam. T. M. Ge- 
 truckt zu Basel, in verlegung des Autoris, Anno 1608. 
 
 4. Pp. [10] 83 [i blank]. Diagrams in the text. Title red and black. The 
 vignette is a rose bush or tree with the metals as flowers, surmounted by the sun. 
 
 Rosarii Novi Olympici et Benedict!, Pars Altera : In sich haltent ein Buch mit 32. 
 Capiteln, Laurentii Venturas Veneti, Medicinne Doctoris, &c. Aufs dem Latein vertiert 
 vnnd trewlich verdolmetschet, in vnser Teutschen Sprach vor nie gesehen, De Lapide 
 Benedicto Philosophorum, &c. Interprete Benedicto Figulo, Vtenhoviate, Franco, 
 Poeta L. C. Theologp ; Theosopho ; Philosopho, Medico, Eremita. D. T. P. D. G. N. 
 Getruckt zu Basel, in verlegung des Autoris. Anno BeneDICtI Regis & Maglstrl 
 Gratlae & bonltatls, &c. 
 
 4. Pp. [15, i blank] 117 [2] [i blank]. The vignette is a figure in Roman dress. 
 The chronogram stands for 1608. 
 
 The first part of this book consists of extracts 58 ; Aenigmata, p. 71 ; Process-its ad Lapidem 
 
 from Salomon Trismosinus, Trithemius, p. 16 ; Philosophorum Monachi cuiiisdam anonymi, p. 79. 
 
 Paracelsus, p. 23 ; von Suchten, p. 56 ; Tracta- The second part is a translation of Ventura's 
 
 tulus Rythmicus Novus vom Stein der IVevsen, p. work, De Lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 Thesaurinella Olympica Aurea Tripartita, Das ist : Ein himmlisch giildenes 
 Schatzkammerlein, von vielen aufserlesenen Kleinodien zugeriistet, darinn der 
 uhralte grosse und hochgebenedeyte Charfunckel-stein und Tinctur-schatz 
 verborgen. In drey unterschiedliche Cellulas aufsgetheilet. Allen Lieb- 
 habern der himmlischen Warheit, und Hermetischen Philosophey, so den 
 Grund der Hochmagischen Tinctur suchen, zu gute: Wie auch zu Beforderung 
 der edlen Alchimey anjetzo eroffnet und publicirt durch Benedictum Figulum 
 Utenhoviatem Franc. Poetam L. C. Theologum, Theosophum, Philosophum, 
 Medicum, Eremitam. D. T. P. D. G. N. M DC LXXXII. Franckfurt 
 am Mayn, Jn Verlegung Georgii Wolffii Buchhandl. in Hamburg in S. Joh. 
 Kirchen, Gedruckt durch Johann Gorlin. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, including frontispiece] 402 [should be 392, as pp. 225-234 are 
 dropped] The vignette represents a rayed sun for gold, surrounded by the symbols 
 for silver, iron, mercury, lead, tin and copper. The book contains the following 
 tracts : 
 
 Secretum Magicum D. Philippi Theophrasti Raymundus Lullius : Tractat vom Philosoph- 
 
 Paracelsi von dreyen gebenedeyeten Magischen ischen Stein, p. 79. 
 
 Steinen, p. i. Xamolxides : Tractatus Aureus, quern Dyrra- 
 
 Bernhard, Graf von der Marck und Ternis (sic) chium Philosophicum vocavit, p. 91. 
 
 Symbolum Apostolicum Cabalistisch erklaret und Colloquium, p. 94. 
 
 mit dem grossen uhralten Stein der Weisen ver- Colloquium Spiritus Mercurii cum Fratre Alberto 
 
 glichen, p. 42. Bayrs, p. no. [See also HAUTNORTHON (j. F.), 
 
 Vincent Koffskhy : Tinctur- Wurtzel, und auch Lucerna Salis Philosophorum, 1658, p. 159.] 
 Materia Prima defs gebenedeyten uhralten Steins Divi Leschi Genus Amo (M. Sendivogius) : Col- 
 der Weisen, p. 52. loquium Hermetico-Spagyricum, das ist : Ein 
 
 Alphidius : Kurtzer Bericht und Parabolisch wunderhofliches, wolgegriindetes Chymisches Ge- 
 
 Tractatlein, p. 66. sprach zwischen der Natur, dem Mercuric, und 
 
 Corollaria quaedam in nostram Thesaurinellam. einem Alchymisten, p. 121. 
 
 Processus Universalis Viae, Tincturse Rubedinis Thesaurinella; . . . Pars III. Genandt und 
 
 & Albedinis, Alchymicas artis : Magistri Nicolai intitulirt, Lux in Tenebris Lucens Raymundi 
 
 Melchioris, . . . sub Forma Missas, p. 69. Lullii darinnen Bericht gethanwird, wie die hochste 
 
 Carmina auf das Philosophische Werck, 74. Geheimniifs der Natur zu erforschen, und aus dem 
 
 Thesaurinellee . . . Pars II. Genandt Schola verborgenen ans Liecht zu bringen nach Philo- 
 
 Hermetica, darinnen zu studieren, wie der Konig- sophischen Brauch . . ., p. 142. Contains: 
 
 liche, Orientalische, Durchleuchtende Rubin defs Raymundus Lullius : Tractatus de praeparatione 
 
 gebenedeyten Astralischen Magneten, defs Magi- Lapidis Philosophic!, p. 146. 
 
 schen und Chaldaischen Tinctur-Steins zu erlangen Arcanum de Multiplicatione Philosophica in 
 
 sey, p. 77. Contains ; qualitate, p. 193. 
 
FIG UL USFIKENSCHER 
 
 275 
 
 FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS). Continued. 
 
 Hortulus Olympicus Aureolus, Das 1st : Ein himmlisches, giildenes, Hermetisches 
 Lust-Gartlein, von alien und neuen Philosophis gepflantzet und gezielet, darinn zu 
 finden, wie die Coelestivische, Edle, Hochgebenedeyte Schwebelrofs und Scharlachblum 
 defs hochglantzenden und Tingirenden Carfunckelsteins (dadurch Menschliche, 
 Metallische, und Vegetabilische Corper ihre Renovation und hochste Perfection, oder 
 Vollkommenheit erlangen mogen) zu brechen sey. Anjetzo alien Filiis Doctrinae 
 Magyco-Spagyricoe zu gutem eroffnet, geschenckt und publicirt, Durch Benedictum 
 Figulum Utenhoviat. Fr. Poetam L. C. Theologum, Theosophum, Philosophum, 
 Medicum, Eremitam. D. T. P. D. G. N. 
 
 Anno TrlsMeglstas gratlze Del, In toto orbe Chrlstlano genltas. Zum andern 
 mal 1682. 
 
 In Verlegung Georg Wolff, [p. 197]. 
 Contains : 
 
 Das Buchlein Theophrasti mit der Himmlischen 
 Sackpfeiffen, p. 202. 
 
 Theophrasti Tractatus de LapidePhilosophorum, 
 p. 209. 
 
 Caspar Hartung vom Hof, Beschreibung von der 
 Bereitung defs gebenedeyten Steins, p. 245. 
 
 Eine warhaffte und einfiiltige Aufslegung der 
 
 Schriften aller Philosophen von deni . . . Stein 
 der Weisen, p. 264. 
 
 Ulrich Poysel : Spiegel der Alchymey, p. 277. 
 
 Georg Fueger : De Lapide Philosophorum, 
 Theoria brevis, p. 300. 
 
 Practica vom Universal oder gebenedeyten 
 Tinctur Stein der Alten Weisen, Rythmice gestel- 
 let, p. 307. 
 
 Paradisus Aureolus Hermeticus Fluens Hectare & Ambrosia, in cujus perlustra- 
 tione sedula fidelis & ocularis offertur instructiq, quomodo Aureola Hesperidum Poma, 
 ab Arbore Benedicta Philosophica sint decerpenda : a variis Philosophis, turn veteribus 
 turn modernis plantatus. In gratiam et emolumentum filiorum Doctrinse Chemico 
 Spagyricse (hue usque prasclusus) nunc reseratus & public! Juris factus, per Benedictum 
 Figulum Utenhoviat. . . . 
 
 Anno TrlsMeglstl SpagyrI ArChlatrl nobls DonatI, &c. De novo Impensis 
 Georgi Wolffii ; 1682. [p. 317.] 
 
 Contains : 
 
 Alphonsus, Rex Castellae : Liber Philosophise 
 Occultioris (prascipue Metallorum) profundissimus : 
 Cui titulum fecit, Clavis Sapientiae, p. 322. 
 
 Aristoteles Alchymistes, Tractatus ad Alexan- 
 drum Magnum de Lapide Philosophorum, p. 356. 
 
 The three tracts in the present collection had 
 been published previously : Thesaurinella, Frank- 
 furt a. M. , 1608, 4; Hortulus, Frankfurt, 1608, 
 4 ; Paradisus, Frankfurt, 1600, 1608, 4, and there 
 was another work besides, Auriga benedictus spagy- 
 ricus, Norimberg. 1609, 12. In addition to these 
 Gmelin quotes an edition of the Pandora, -Strass- 
 burg, 1600, 8, but that may be a misprint for 1608. 
 
 The author's name is said to be Benedict Topfer, 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 94. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 75. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 66. ('The 
 author is not known ; he has collected extracts, some 
 from adepts, some from sophists. What he has 
 produced from his own store is vain imagining and 
 sophistical deception, which demonstrates his 
 ignorance of Alchemy.') 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 590. 
 
 Epistola ad Hermannum Archiepiscopnm Col- 
 oniensem, De Lapide Philosophico, p. 374. 
 
 Divi Leschi Genus Amo (M. Sendivogius), 
 Dialogus Naturae, Mercurii et Alchymistae, p. 384. 
 
 and he belonged to Utenhoven in Franconia, as he 
 tells us. Schmieder thinks that his books had 
 some circulation because they were in German and 
 were not without humour. No notice of his life 
 has been forthcoming, but his books are known, 
 and Semler has drawn attention to a passage in 
 the preface to the Thesaurinella, in which are 
 adumbrations of the Rosicrucian ideas some years 
 before their manifesto had been published. 
 
 Semler, Unpartheiische Samlungen zur Historic 
 der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. p. 30. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 316. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 102. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 349. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 608-9, 1605-6. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 376. 
 
 FIKENSCHER (GEORG WOLFGANG AUGUSTIN). 
 
 Christian Wilhelm Baron von Krohnemann. Geschichte dieses angeblichen 
 Goldmachers, eines der grofsesten und merkwurdigsten Betriigers des sieben- 
 zehnten Jahrhunderts. Aus archivalischen Quellen bearbeitet von Georg 
 Wolfgang Augustin Fikenscher, Profefsor und Rector zu Culmbach, Adjunkt 
 der philosophischen Facultat zu Erlangen, und Mitgliede einiger gelehrten 
 Gesellschaften. Mit Kupfern. Niirnberg, in der Raspeschen Buchhandlung. 
 1800. 
 
 8. Pp. 223 [i blank] [2 pp. Errata], Vignette, a medal, and three engraved 
 plates of medals, 
 
276 FIKENSCHERFIORA VANTI 
 
 FIKENSCHER (GEORG WOLFGANG AUGUSTIN). Continued. 
 
 Krohnemann carried on alleged transmutations Court, and he professed to give information on the 
 from the year 1677 at the Court of the Markgraf subject to those who consulted him. 
 George William of Bayreuth. He affirmed that he In this course he continued for fully ten years, 
 had a process for ' fixing ' or solidifying mercury so when at last he was detected as a cheat by the 
 that when it had been volatilized away a portion Master of the Mint. He was then tried, con- 
 remained converted into gold. Silver was also pro- denmed, and executed in 1686, with a mocking 
 duced, and out of the metal so obtained he caused inscription over him to the effect that while it was 
 a medal to be struck in 1679 as a birthday present his intention to ' fix ' mercury, the result was just 
 to the Markgraf. (See Tab. ii. Fig. 3.) He was the opposite, for it was he who was in the fix. 
 ennobled and promoted to foremost offices at the 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 446. Kopp, Die Alc/iemie, 1886, i. pp. 185, 195. 
 
 FILET (LE) d' Ariadne, pour entrer avec seurete dans le Labirinthe de la Philo- 
 sophic Hermetique. 
 
 Vir impius non cognoscet : & stultus non intelliget haec. Ps. 91. 
 A Paris, Chez Laurent d'Houry, rue S. Jacques, devant la Fontaine Saint 
 Severin, au Saint Esprit. M.DC.XCV. Avec Privilege du Roy. 
 12. Pp. [8] 176. [30. 2, List of Chemical books.] Woodcuts in the text. 
 This is said to be by Duclo or Dulco. It is not a translation of Reibehand's Filum Ariadnes (g.v.). 
 
 FILIUS SENDIVOGII. 
 
 See HARPRECHT (jOHANN). 
 
 FILUM ARIADNES. 
 
 See REIBEHAND (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 FIORAVANTI (LEONARDO). 
 
 Corona oder Kron der Artzney defs furtrefflichen, hoch vnd weytberiimbten 
 Medici vnd Wundt Artztes Leonhardi Fioravanti von Bononia. In vier 
 sender bare Biicher vnterscheiden : 
 
 In dem I. wird gehandelt von allerley vnterschiedtlichen Zeichen natiirlicher 
 Ding, beneben vielen schonen vnd bewehrten Secreten der Medicin vnd 
 Chirurgy. 
 
 Das II. zeigt den Weg vnd Kunst allerley niitzliche vnd heylsame Artzneyen 
 zu componieren. 
 
 Das III. handelt von der Alchimy defs Menschen vnd der Mineralien. 
 
 Das IV. vnd letzte halt vnd verfasset in sich viel schone Philosophische 
 vnnd Medicinalische Discurs, so samptlich einem Medico zu wissen, hoch 
 von nohten. 
 
 Erstlich neuwlich in Italianischer Spraach von dem Autore selbst in Truck 
 verfartiget. Nunmehr aber in vnsere hochteutsche Spraach mit allem Fleifs 
 versetzt. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn bey Nicolaus Hoffmann, In 
 Verlegung Johann Berner. 1604. 
 
 8. Pp. [7, i blank] 507. Register [13]. 
 
 Leonhardi Fioravanti Medici von Bononia, Physica, das 1st : Experientz vnnd 
 Naturkiindigung. 
 
 I. Von Erschaffung defs Menschen aufs den vier Elementen, dessen Com- 
 plexion, Eygenschafften, Sinnen vnnd Krafften, Gesundheit vnd Kranckheit, 
 vnd den vier Jahrzeiten, 
 
FIORA VANTl 277 
 
 FIORAVANTI (LEONARDO). Continued. 
 
 II. Von geheymen niemals erhorten Experimenten der Chirurgy vnd 
 Artzney. 
 
 III. Von mancherley Kranckheiten defs Menschen vnd deroselben Cur. 
 
 IV. Von allerhandt Alchimistischen gewissen vnnd probierten verborgeneu 
 (sic) hohen Stiicken. 
 
 Jetzund aufs dem Italianischen ob seiner vnsaglichen Fiirtrefflichkeit, 
 Hochheit und Geheimnufs wegen ins Teutsch vbersetzt. Getruckt zu 
 Franckfurt am Mayn, Bey Anthonj Hummen, In Verlegung Johann Berners. 
 M.DC.XVIII. 
 
 8. Pp. [8]. 440, an error for 462. Register [10], Title red and black. 
 Imperfect ; wants pp. 329-332. 
 
 Del Compendio De I Secreti Rationali, Dell' Eccell. Medico, & Cirugico 
 M. Leonardo Fiorauanti Bolognese, Libri Cinque. 
 
 Nel primo de' quali si tratta de' secreti piu importanti nella professione 
 
 Medicinale. 
 Nel secondo si insegnano molti secreti appartenenti alia Cirugia, & si 
 
 mostra il modo d' esercitarla. 
 Nel terzo si cotengono i secreti piu ueri et piu approuati nell' arte dell' 
 
 Alchimia. 
 Nel quarto si scriuono molti Belletti, che usano le donne per apparer 
 
 belle. 
 
 Nel quinto si comprendono i secreti piu notabili in diuerse arti & esercitij. 
 Con la Tauola di tutti i Capitoli. Con Privilegio. In Venetia, 
 Appresso Vincenzo Valgrisi. M D LXIIII. 
 
 8. Ff. [20] 183 [i]. 
 
 Colophon: In Venetia. Appresso Vincenzo Valgrisi. MDLXIIII. On the reverse 
 as on the title, his device : a pair of hands out of clouds holding erect a cross round 
 which is a serpent, and the name VINCEN (on the title, but VINCENT at the end) divided 
 by the cross. 
 
 MS. index. 
 
 Compendium Oder Aufszug der Secreten, Gehaymnissen vnd verborgenen 
 Kunsten. Leonhardi Fioravanti. 
 
 I. Von Gehaymnissen der Medecin oder jnnerlichen Artzney. 
 II. Von Secreten der Chirurgy vnd wie dieselbige zuiiben. 
 
 III. Von wahrem Bericht, Kunsten vnd Proben der Alchimy. 
 
 IV. Von allerley Schmiincken, derer sich die Weiber zuvermehrung jhrer 
 
 Schonheit zugebrauchen pflegen. 
 V. Von sonsten vielen bewehrten Stiicken allerley vnterschiedlichen 
 
 Kunsten. 
 
 Jetzund aufs dem Italianischen von wegen seines vielfaltigen Nutzens, &c. 
 Ins Teutsch versetzet. Gedruckt zu Darmbstadt, durch Johann Leinhosen, 
 In Verlegung Johann Berners. Im Jahr 1624. 
 
 8. Pp. 399 [i blank]. Imperfect ; wants pp. 137-8, 155-6. - 
 
278 
 
 FIORA VANTI 
 
 FIORAVANTI (LEONARDO). Continued. 
 
 Fioravanti was a native of Bologna where he was 
 born in the earlier part of the sixteenth century. 
 He studied medicine and practised in Palermo 
 from 1548 to 1550, went with the Spanish fleet to 
 Africa, returned to Naples in 1555, went to Rome, 
 Venice, and Bologna, where he was made doctor 
 and chevalier, and finally count. He published a 
 number of works on medicine, which along with 
 their author have been severely handled by some 
 modern critics, but the treatment of his writings 
 otherwise than historically is futile. Fioravanti was 
 a chemist and pharmacist, and in his practice put 
 unbounded trust in his specifics. The balsam 
 which goes by his name, and which was in use till 
 a comparatively recent period, is a very complex 
 mixture, but he also describes the preparation of 
 certain definite compounds. 
 
 Between 1564 and 1582 he published some works, 
 of which various editions are quoted by the 
 authorities, and some of which I have seen. 
 
 Lo Specchio di scienza universale libri tre, 
 Venezia, 1564, 1592, 1609, 1679, a ll m 8. 
 
 // compendia dei Secreti razionali intorno alia 
 medicina, cirugia et alchimia, ib. 1564, 1571, 
 1581, 1595, 1620, 1630, 1640, Turin, 1580, 8. 
 
 Li Capricci Medicinali, Venet. 1568, 8 ; 1571, 
 1573. 8 ; 1595. 1629, 8. 
 
 The French translation which I have seen is 
 entitled : 
 
 ' Les Caprices de M. Leonard Fioravanti Bolog- 
 nois, touchant la Medecine : qui sont plusieurs et 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 95. 
 
 Job. Crato a Kraftheim, Consiliorum et Epis- 
 tolarum Medicinalium libri septem, 1671, i. p. 206 
 ('Fioravantus, nebulo pessimus, qui Venetiis ejectus 
 est '). 
 
 Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio^ 1687, p. 252. 
 
 Orlandi, Notizie degli Scrittori Bolognesi, 1714, 
 p. 190. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Che-mica, 1727, p. 77. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 287. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce, 
 
 1732, P- 54- 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, lx - co '- 961- 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 300. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, 11. 
 col. 619. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 342; 
 1772, ii. p. 673. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 249. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 225 ; 
 1775, " P- 6 . 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 149. (One of the first in Italy to use chemical 
 medicines. ) 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Hisiorique de la Mddecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 235. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 54. 
 
 diuerses medecines nouuelles de grande efficace, & 
 toute sorte de maladie, auec la maniere de les 
 pratiquer : vtiles a chacun qui s'en voudra servir. 
 Traduites d'ltalien en Fra^ois, par M. Claude 
 Rocard Apothecaire de Troyes.' [Printer's device.] 
 A Paris, chez Pierre Cavellat, rue S. lacques 
 a 1'Escu de Florence, 1586 ; 8. pp. [16] 236 
 [7, i blank], 
 
 Iltesoro dellavita humana, Ven. 1570, 1582, 8. 
 
 La fisica, divisa in quattro libri, ib. 1582, 1603, 
 8 ; 1620, 8. 
 
 La Cirugia, Venez. 1582, 1588, 1595, 1676, 8 ; 
 1699. 
 
 The Compendium was translated into English 
 and published : London, 1582, small 8, pp. [16] 
 142 [2]. 
 
 The Chirurgerie was translated by John Hester 
 and published : London, 1580, 4, ff. [8] 64 ; 1626, 
 4, pp. [4], 117 (sic for 118), [5, i blank]. 
 
 The Chirurgerie and Rational Secrets, along 
 with several other medical tracts, were printed in a 
 small 4 volume in 1652 at London. 
 
 Under the title of The ioyful fuel, there was 
 published at London, in 1579, a translation of the 
 tract Regimento della Peste, Venez. 1565, 1571, 
 
 1575, 8. 
 
 A French version of the Specchio was made by 
 Gabriel Chappuys : Miroir Universel des arts et 
 Sciences, Paris, 1584, 1586, 8. 
 
 Fioravanti died at Bologna, 4 Sept., 1588. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 149. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. 
 
 P- 535- 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 
 295- 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, 11. p. 132 ; 
 
 1869, ii. p. 127. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1846, 
 xliv. p. 292 (article by Theile). 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1856, xiv. p. 140 (article 
 by Chaumeton). 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gintrale, 1858, xvii. col. 
 722. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863. i. col. 748. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1609-12. 
 
 Dictionnaire encyclopddique des sciences mldicales, 
 4<bme Se'rie, 1878, ii. p. 319. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 112, 
 195. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches I^xikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 368. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 983 ; 2d 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 805. 
 
 Ferguson, 'Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' 
 Transactionsof the Arcluzological Society of Glasgow, 
 1883, ii. pp. 191, 251 ; 1890, N.S. i. p. 450. 
 
 FIORE DE FIORI. 
 
 See ARNALDUS de Villanova. 
 
 FIRENZE. 
 
 See FLORENCE. 
 
FISCHER FLAMEL 279 
 
 FISCHER (EBERHARD HEINRICH). 
 
 Eberhard Heinrich Fischers, Konigl. Preufs. Forster in der Grafschaft Mannsfeld, 
 Brandehb. Antheils. Albertus Magnus der Andere. Das ist : Geheimnifse 
 der Natur und Kunst vor alle Stande, als fiir Kunstler, Jager, Oekonomen, 
 Professionisten, Handwerker &c. zum Besten aus eignen Erfahrungen auf- 
 gesetzet und mit nothigen Registern herausgegeben. In zwey Theilen. 
 Altona und Leipzig, bey Johann Heinrich Kaven, 1797. 
 
 8. Erster Theil. Pp. [24, including a plate on p. [16] ], 200. 
 Zweyter und letzter Theil [10] 182. Wants pp. [11-16] blank? 
 
 Ferguson, ' Bibliographical Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' Pt. iv. , Transactions of the Arch&ological 
 Society of Glasgow, 1890, N.S. i. p. 331. 
 
 FISCHER 
 
 I. N. R. I. Beati Dn. Lsevini Fischeri. M.D. De Aurea Auri Tinctura sive 
 Veri auri Potabilis Medicina Commentarius ; qvo & genuina ejusdem prae- 
 paratio ac usus spectabilis intimatur. Brunopoli. Literis Henrici Kesleri. 
 A.C. M.DCC.IV. 
 
 4. Pp.[6]i8. 
 
 There were editions of the above published in De prolonganda vita dialogus, without place, 
 
 1630, 1643, 12, without place and printer's name. 1640, 8. 
 
 To him other works are ascribed by Mercklin : De loco vero ac foco affectus pracordialis vulgb 
 
 Corpus medicines imperiale, Hemipoli, 1656, fol., hypochondriaci dicti, without place and date, 8. 
 
 1680, 8. Compare GISE, De tinctura Aurea. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 729. Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 288. 
 
 FLAMEL (NICOLAS). 
 
 Des beriihmten Philosophi Nicolai Flamelli Chymische Werke, als 
 
 1. Das giildene Kleinod der Hieroglyphischen Figuren. 
 
 2. Das Kleinod der Philosophise. 
 
 3. Summarium Philosophicum. 
 
 4. Die grosse Erklarung des Steins der Weisen zur Verwandelung aller 
 
 Metallen. 
 
 5. Schatz der Philosophise. 
 
 Den Liebhabern der Kunst aus dem Franzosischen in das Teutsche 
 iibersetzt von J. L. M. C. Zu finden bey Johann Paul Kraus, Buchhandler 
 in Wienn. 1751. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] 3290 [2 blank]. Frontispiece with 2 subjects. 3 engraved plates 
 with 7 subjects. Folding plate. Title red and black. 
 
 After the above title is another title in two compartments specifying : i. Das Buch 
 der Hieroglyphischen Figuren, Nicolai Flamelli, and 2. Das wahrhafte Buch des 
 gelahrten Griechischen Abts Synesii, Vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 Between pp. 112-3 ' s another title-page: Das Kleinod der Philosophise oder das 
 Original der Begierde Nicolai Flamelli, ein vortrefflich Werck, in welchem verfasset 
 ist, die Ordnung und Manier, welche der vorgenannte Flamell in der Composition des 
 Wercks der Natur gehalten hat, welche unter seinen Hieroglyphischen Figuren sind 
 verstecket. Aus einem alien MS. An. 1751. 
 
 Pp. 109-112 contain a list of alchemical books. 
 
 This edition is not mentioned by Roth-Scholtz, from Roth-Schollz. Lange's Iranslalion appeared 
 Schmieder, Baumer, Gmelin, or Fuchs ; Ihe lasl in 1673, and Ihere is said to be an edition by Roth- 
 two quote an edilion of Hamburg, 1681, apparently Scholtz in 1730. 
 
280 FLAM EL 
 
 FLAMEL (NICOLAS). Continued. 
 Annotata quaedam ex Flamello. 
 
 See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600, p. 117. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 748. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 350. 
 
 This has been described as a comment by by him. But the whole idea is based on a mis- 
 
 Flamel on Denis Zachaire, and as Denis Zachaire understanding. See what is said under ZACHAIRI-; 
 
 lived a century and a half after Flamel some have (DENIS). 
 felt a difficulty in believing these annotations to be 
 
 Le Desir desire. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. 
 
 p. 285. 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Cosmopolite, 1629, ii. p. in. 
 
 Explication des Figures. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. 
 p. 195. 
 
 Les Figures Hieroglyphiques. 
 
 See ARNAUD (P.), Trois Traictez de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1612, p. 45. 
 
 This is the first edition. The English translation was published at London, 1624, 
 12, with a folding plate. It was reprinted and published at London, 1889, small 4, 
 with an introduction, signed W. W. Westcott. 
 
 The Hieroglyphicks. 
 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 521. 
 
 Le Sommaire Philosophique. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. 
 p. 263. 
 
 Summarium Philosophicum. 
 
 See VIER niitzliche Chymische Tractat. 1612, sig. Fvj verso. 
 
 See WASSERSTEIN der Weysen, 1619, p. 214. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 368. 
 
 See WASSERSTEIN der Weisen, 1704, p. 164. 
 
 See WASSERSTEIN der Weisen, 1 743, p. 1 54. 
 
 See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 172. 
 
 Summary of Philosophy; or, Short Treatise of the Philosophers Stone. 
 
 See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. 145. 
 
 Geschichte Nicolai Flamelli. 
 
 See SAMMLUNG der neuesten und merkwiirdigsten Begebenheiten . . ., 1780. 
 
 Histoire Critique der Nicolas Flamel et de Pernelle sa Femme. 
 See v * * * (L.), 1761. 
 
 Flamel is one of the most renowned of all the forthwith began the search for the great elixir, 
 
 adepts, for in his case the philosopher's stone which he succeeded in acquiring after twenty-four 
 
 acted in its double capacity of conferring riches years' study, long journeys, hard labours, and 
 
 and long life. He was born about 1330 though many disappointments. His experiments were 
 
 the date is by no means certain acted as scrivener successful in 1382. The wealth he acquired was 
 
 till an alchemical book written on leaves made of devoted to the building, restoring, and decorating 
 
 the bark of a tree fell into his hands, when he of churches and hospitals. He is reputed to have 
 
FLAMEL FLORENTINUS 
 
 FLAMEL (NICOLAS). Continued. 
 
 died in the year 1418, but Paul Lucas relates that 
 when travelling in Asia Minor he met a dervise 
 who said that Flamel and his wife were still alive. 
 This story and the reports about Flamel's wealth 
 were examined and criticized by Estienne Fran9ois 
 Villain in his history of Flamel (q.v. ). 
 
 Most of the accounts contained in the histories are 
 based on what is reputed to be Flamel's own 
 narrative, as given in his Hieroglyphicks. His 
 tombstone, dated 1418, from the old church of 
 
 De La Martiniere, Tombeau de la Folie, p. 37. 
 (Martiniere, by the way, says that Flamel caused 
 his book to be printed. He forgot that printing 
 was not known either in Flamel's time, or for many 
 years after.) 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 333. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, pp. 95, 265. 
 
 Borel, Tresor de Recherches et Antiquitez 
 Gauloises et Franfoises, 1655, p. 158. 
 
 Conring, De Hermetica Medicina Libri Duo, 
 Ed. Sec., 1669, p. 421. 
 
 Morhof, De metallorum transmutatione Epistola, 
 1673, p. 135. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 833. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 28, No. xxxi. ; and in Mangel, Bibliotheca 
 Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 47, No. xlii. 
 
 Buddeus, An Alchemistce sint in Kepublica 
 Tolcrandi, 1702, p. 77 ; and in Roth-Scholtz, 
 Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 130. 
 
 Keren- Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer 
 der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 67. 
 
 Naudceana et Patiniana, 1703, , pp. 87, 210. 
 
 Lucas, Voyage . . . dans la Grece, I'Asie 
 Mineurt . . . Paris, 1712, pp. 98-112. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 78. 
 (Portrait of Flamel as frontispiece to Stuck iii. of 
 this book.) 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 
 
 243-47- 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 288. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, ix. col. 1143. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire, 1742, i. pp. 206- 
 219 ; iii. p. 163. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, i. p. 76. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 
 1755, i. 362 ; 1778, ii. p. 241. 
 
 Moreri, La Grand Dictionnaire Historique, 
 1759, v. p. 174. 
 
 Villain, Histoire Critique, 1761. 
 
 Les Bibliotheques Francoises de la Croix du 
 Maine et de Du Verdier, Paris, 1772. Vol. ii. pp. 
 159-161 ; vol. v. p. 123. 
 
 Sammlung der . . . neuesten Begebenheiten, 
 1780. 
 
 Saint-Jacques-la-Boucherie, is now preserved in 
 the Holel de Cluny, al Paris. 
 
 Lists of Flamel's works are given by Borel, 
 Roth-Scholtz, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Adelung, Gmelin, 
 Fuchs, Schmieder, Kopp. 
 
 Flamels portrait is prefixed to Stuck iii. of Rolh- 
 Schollz's Bibliotheca Chemica. 
 
 For his conneclion wilh Abraham Eleazar see 
 
 ABRAHAM. 
 
 Baumer, Billiothcca Chemica, 1782, p. 84. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 17815, 
 p. 488. 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narrheit, 
 1787, iii. pp. 242-302. 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Alchemic, 1789, p. 107. 
 
 Wiegleb, Untersuchung der Alchemic (1777) or 
 1793. PP.- 223-225. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797-1799, 
 passim. 
 
 Wieland, ''Nikolas Flamel, Paul Lukas, und 
 der Derwisch von Brussa, Ein Beylrag zur Ges- 
 chichle der Unsichlbaren, 1788." Sdmmtliche 
 Werke, 1797, xxx. pp. 195-261. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 115. 
 
 Inlroduction to Flamel's Testament, London, 
 1806. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 30. 
 
 The Lives of the Alchemystical Philosophers, 
 1815, p. 30 ; ed. Waite, 1888, p. 95. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 188, 601. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 427- 
 435 ; 1866, i. pp. 452-460. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1847, 
 xlv. p. 54. 
 
 Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au 
 Moyen Age, 1853, pp. 399-412. 
 
 Biographie Uni-verselle, 1856, xiv. p. 185 (by 
 Delaunaye). 
 
 Figuier, L Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 
 171-200, 366. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1858, xvii. cols. 
 817-823. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 557-559, 802-813. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1878, ii. p. 361 (and references). 
 
 Du Sommerard, Muste des Thermes et de F Hotel 
 de Cluny, Catalogue et description des objets d 'Art, 
 Paris, 1883, p. 32, No. 345. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 94, 103, 206, 
 210, 213 ; ii. pp. 314, 316 ff., 358 f. , 383, 386. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 2nd Series, 1900, v. 
 p. 849. 
 
 FLORENCE. 
 
 See RICETTARIO Medicinale, 1567. 
 See RICETTARIO Fiorentino, 1789. 
 
 FLORENTINUS DE VALENTIA. 
 
 Jhesus Nobis Omnia ! Rosa Florescens, contra F. G. Menapii calumnias. Das 
 1st: Kurtzer Bericht vnd Widerantwort, auff die sub dato 3 Junii 1617 ex 
 agro Norico in Latein, vnd dann folgends den 15 Julii obgedachtes Jahrs 
 Teutsch publicirte vnbedachte calumnias, F. G. Menapii, wider die Rosen- 
 
282 FLORENTINUSFLO YER 
 
 FLORENTINUS DE VALENTIA. Continued. 
 
 creutzische Societet. Aufs einfaltigem eyffer gestellet durch Florentinum 
 de Valentia ord. benedicti minimum client. 
 
 C!D IDC cl' vii. 
 
 Priusquam perquisiveris, ne crimineris: 
 Cognosce primum, atq; tune increpa. 
 No place, printer or publisher. 8. Pp. [44 4 blank ? wanting]. 
 
 Jhesus Nobis Omnia ! Rosa Florescens, contra F. G. Menapii calumnias. Das 
 ist : Kurtzer Bericht vnd Widerantwort, auff die sub dato 3 Junii 1617 ex 
 agro Norico in Latein, vnd dann folgendes 15 Julii obgedachtes Jahrs 
 Teutsch publicirte vnbedachte calumnias, F. G. Menapii, wider die Rosen- 
 creutzische Societet. Aufs einfaltigem eyffer gestellet durch Florentinum 
 de Valentia ord. benedicti minimum client. 
 
 C!D ID c cl' vni. 
 
 Priusquam perquisiveris, ne crimineris : 
 Cognosce primnm (sic), atq; tune increpa. 
 
 8. Pp. [46, 2 blank]. 
 
 Though the title-page is almost identical with the preceding except in the date, the 
 two editions are quite different from each other, as is obvious from the pagination. 
 
 See 'ANTIKPI2I2 ad Responsum Florentini de Valentia, 1618. 
 
 Kloss says that under this name and that of Th. Arnold, however, says that Florentinus de Valentia 
 Schweighard, Daniel Mogling concealed himself. was probably Valentin Andreae himself. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer- Historien, 1741, ii. Ordens des Goldenen und J?osenkreutses, 1783, pp. 
 p. 255 (Th. ii. B. xvii. c. xviii. 27). 69, 70. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 282. p. 182, No. 2496 ; p. 183, No. 2498 ; p. 185, 
 
 Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des No. 2524 ; p. 186, No. 2535 ; p. 189, No. 2558, 
 
 No. 2564, No. 2565. 
 
 FLORETUS A BETHABOR. 
 Ben-Adams Traum-Gesicht. 
 
 See MEHUN (JEAN DE), Spiegel der Alchymie, 1771. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 296. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz mentions a separate edition of this Galli nach der Einode S. Michael. Hamburg, 
 
 tract : Traum-Gesicht, welches Ben-Adam zur 1682, 8. 
 
 Zeit der Regierung Pucharetz des Konigs von Gmelin quotes this as it stands, but puts 'Alama' 
 
 Adama gehabt, und an Tag gegeben hat. Mit noch for ' Adama,' and in the Spiegel the king is called 
 
 einem andern Tractatlein von der Reise Friedrich Rucharetz. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 27. 'L&d\'&g\ie,BibliothcgueOuvarofl : , Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1870, No. mi (calls the king, Rucharetz, which 
 
 p. 634. seems the correct form). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 14. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 353. 
 
 FLOYER QOHN). 
 
 Inquisitio in verum Usum & abusum Calidorum, Frigidorum, & Temperatorum 
 Anglise Balneorum. 
 See VALLERIUS (NICOLAUS), Tentamina Physico-Chemica, 1699, p. 138. 
 
 Von den herrlichen Wirkungen des kalten Badens und Trinkens des kalten 
 Wassers. 
 See OERTEL, Universal- Wasser doktor. No date. 
 
 An inquiry into the right use of Baths, London, 1697, 8, was the first edition of 
 this work, and it went through several editions. The German translation appeared at 
 Breslau in 1749, 8. 
 
FLO YERFL UDD 
 
 283 
 
 FLOYER (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 Sir John Floyer was born at Hintes, in Stafford- 
 shire, in 1649, studied arts and medicine at Oxford, 
 and graduated in both. He settled in practice at 
 Lichfield, and acquired great reputation by his zeal 
 and success in his profession. He died in 1724. 
 He was a strong advocate for cold baths, and his 
 
 Wood, Athence Oxonienses, 1721, ii. 979 ; ed. 
 Bliss, 1820, iv. p. 532. 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 289 (reviews). 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, 
 
 1732, p. 55- 
 
 Haller, Bibliolheca Botanicci, 1771, i. p. 640. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 783. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mldecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 244. 
 
 Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Outrages . . . sur 
 les Eaux Mintrales, 1785, p. 54, No. 133 ; p. 63, 
 No. 153 ; p. 64, No. 154. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1788, iv. 
 p. 10. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichtt der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 241, 
 421. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary , 
 1814, xiv. p. 416. 
 
 Biographic Afddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 166. 
 
 views may have tended to depreciate him amongst 
 his fellows, as they ran counter to the practice 
 of the time. On the other hand, Haller says 
 that his work was not sufficiently well known, 
 and even at the present day it is asserted that he 
 has not obtained due recognition for what he did. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 408. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Me'de- 
 cine, 1834, II. i. 326. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, 1847, 
 xlv. p. 426 (by F. W. Theile). 
 
 Bayle et Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 24. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1856, xiv. p. 263. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Ge'ntrale, 1858, xviii. col. 15. 
 
 Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English 
 Literature, 1859, i. p. 608 (Floyer and Dr. Johnson.) 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- 
 cales, 4eme S^rie, 1878, ii. p. 414. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 646. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1883, xix. 
 p. 346. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 17 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 869. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 389. 
 
 FLUDD (ROBERT). 
 
 Clavis Philosophise et Alchymiae Fluddanae. Sive Roberti Fluddi Armigeri, et 
 Medicinae Doctoris, ad Epistolicam Petri Gassendi Theologi Exercitationem 
 Responfum. In quo : Inanes Marini Mersenni Monachi Obiectiones, querel- 
 aeque ipsius iniustae, immeritb in Robertum Fluddum adhibitae, examinantur 
 atq; auferuntur : Seuerum ac altitonans Francisci Lanouii de Fluddo Judicium 
 refellitur, & in nihilum redigitur : Erronea Principiorum Philosophise Fluddanae 
 detectio, a Petro Gassendo facta, corrigitur, & aequali iustitiae trutina ponder- 
 atur : ac denique sex illae Impietates, quas Mersennus in Fluddum est 
 machinatus, sincerae veritatis fluctibus abluuntur atque absterguntur. 
 
 Super omnia vincit Veritas, 3 Esdr. 3. 12. 
 Francofurti, Prostat apud Guilhelmum Fitzerum. Anno M.DC.XXXIII. 
 
 Folio. Pp. 87 [i blank]. Vignette : A Rosy Cross with the motto : Dat Rosa mel 
 Apibus. 
 
 Discursus de Unguento Armario. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 507. 
 
 Robert Fludd, or de Fluctibus, of Welsh descent, 
 was born at Milgate house, in the parish of Bear- 
 sted, Kent, in 1574. He entered St. John's 
 College, Oxford, 1591, and graduated B.A. in 
 1596, M. A. in 1598. Then like most of the scholars 
 of the time he travelled on the continent, and six 
 years elapsed, during which he visited France, 
 Spain, Italy, and Germany. He had acquired a 
 knowledge of chemistry and possibly of medicine, 
 and on his return he became a member of Christ 
 Church, Oxford, and graduated in medicine in 
 1605. After several trials he was admitted to the 
 College of Physicians in 1609. 
 
 He practised in London, and was highly 
 esteemed and very successful, and this fact 
 apparently remains whether the explanation given 
 of it by Fuller be correct or not. 
 
 He was a believer in astrology, alchemy, sym- 
 pathetic cures, and he introduced the Pathologia 
 Daemoniaca, in which all diseases are ascribed to 
 evil spirits located in the four quarters of the 
 earth. He is best known, however, as the most 
 thorough-going supporter in this country of Rosicru- 
 cianism of which a defence passes under his name, 
 although its authenticity has been doubted. 
 
 He died at London, 8 September, 1637, and was 
 buried in Bearsted Parish Church. 
 
 His works were published at Oppenheim and 
 Frankfurt by different persons between the years 
 1617 and 1638, in folio. They contain a number 
 of curious and elaborate illustrations which must 
 have entailed no small amount of labour on the 
 author. Besides these, which form to a certain 
 extent a consecutive series, there are the following : 
 
284 
 
 FLUDD 
 
 FLUDU (ROBERT). Continued. 
 
 Philosophia Moysaica, Gouda, 1638, small folio, ff. 
 
 KI52; English translation, Mosaicall Philosophy, 
 mdon, 1659, small folio, pp. [6], 300; the 
 criticism of foster sHoplocrisma-Spongus (London, 
 1631, 4, pp. [16], 56), entitled The Squeezing of 
 Pastor Fosters Sponge, ordained by him for the 
 wiping away of the Weapon-Salve, London, 1631, 
 small 4, pp. [2 blank, 6J 144, 68 ; translated into 
 Latin : Responsum ad Hoplocrisma-Spongum, 
 Gouda, 1638, small folio, ff. 30. 
 
 Apologia compendiaria, Fraternitatem de Rosea 
 Cruce suspicionis et infamies maculis aspersam, 
 veritatis quasi Fluctibus abluens et abstergens, 
 Lugd. Batavorum, 1616, 8. 
 
 Tractatus Apologeticus Integritatein Societatis 
 de Rosea Cruce defendens, Lugd. Batavorum, 1617, 
 small 8, pp. 196 ; German translation : Schutz- 
 schrift fur die Aechtheit der Rosenkreutzergesell- 
 schaft . . . -fiber set zt von A da M ah Booz (i.e. 
 
 Boissardus, Bibliotheca Chalcographica illustrium 
 virtute atque eruditione . . . clarissimorum virorum, 
 1650, plate Rr 4. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 97 ; 1656, 
 p. 92. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 941. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum Virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, ii. p. 1342. Portrait, plate 61. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Uyv, 8 
 Sept., 1637. 
 
 Naudeeana et Patiniana, 1703, /, p. 116. 
 
 Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudony- 
 morum, 1708, in the Section : ' De Scriptoribus 
 Pseudonymis detectis,' p. 286, p. 294, p. 477. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 491 (a). 
 
 Christ. Gottl. Praetorius, Dissertatio de variis 
 variorum de philosophia Fluddiana sententiis, 
 Vitemb. 1715, 4. 
 
 Barchusen, De Medicines Origine et Progressu 
 Dissertationes, 1723, p. 454-476, Dissertatio xxii. 
 ' de Roberti Flud Institutis Medicinse.' 
 
 Buddeus, Compendium Histories philosophies, 
 1731, pp. 429, 433-4- 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scripiorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 298. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 229-233, 531. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, i. p. 398 ; ii. pp. 18, 
 160, 246, 356, 382, 399, 458. 
 
 Douglas, Bibliographies anatomicce Specimen, 
 edit. sec. 1734, p. 223. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, ix. col. 1343. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, pp. 567, 569. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 p. 3 01 - 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, 
 ii. p. 251 (Th. ii. B.xvii. c.xviii. 17) ; p. 254 
 ( 25) ; p. 265 (c.xix. 17). 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermitique, 1742, pp. 164-166, 281. 
 
 Vogt, Catalogus Historico-Criticus Librorum 
 Rariorum, 1747, p. 281 (Opera) ; 291 (Frizzii 
 Summum Bonum, but he did not know that it was 
 Fludd's) ; 509 (Rud. Otreb's Tractatus). 
 
 Freytrag, Analecta Litteraria, 1750, i. p. 353 
 (Frizzii Summum Bonum, ascribed to Fludd). 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 650. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 78. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique des Sciences mddi- 
 cales, 1755, i. p. 363 ; 1778, ii. p. 245. 
 
 Adam Melchior Birkholz), Leipzig, 1782, to which 
 Semler published Zusdtze zu der teutschen Ueber- 
 setzung von Fludd's Schutzschrift fur die Rosen- 
 kreutzer, Halle, 1785, 8, pp. [i.-xvii] xviii-xxxii, 
 
 212. 
 
 Tractatus theologo-philosophicus in libros tres dis- 
 tributus ; quorum I. de vita, II. de morte, III. de 
 resurrection e, Cui inserunlur nonnulla sapientice 
 vcteris . . . fragmenta : . . . collecta fratribusq; 
 a Cruce Rosea dictis dedicata a Rudolfo Otreb 
 Brittano. Oppenheim, Anno ChrlstVs MVnDo 
 Vita (1617), 4, pp. 126 [2 blank], which Buhle 
 says was edited by Michael Maier. This and 
 the preceding are seemingly not only the rarest 
 of Fludd's works, but among the rarest of literary 
 curiosities. There is also the treatise which he 
 published under the pseudonym of Joachim Frizius, 
 Summum Bonum, Frankf., 1629, fol., which is 
 included in the collected works. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, IV. 
 i. pp. 516, 613, 670, 691-93 ; IV. ii. p. 659. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 337 
 (homo fanaticus, Rosencruzianus, qui se noluit 
 intelligi). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 468 (contents of the six volumes of his collected 
 works ; Rosencrucianae societatis homo fanaticus, 
 subinde tamen utilia cogitata admiscens). 
 
 Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des 
 Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, 
 pp. 51, 53, 8o(Joach. Frischii (sic) Summum bonum. 
 Francof. 1628 ; not ascribed to Fludd). 
 
 Archiv fiir Rosenkreutzer, 1785, ii. p. 372 
 (review of his Schutzschrift). 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- S J 7- 
 Semler, Unpartheiische Samlungen zur Historie 
 
 der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 74. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der CAemte, 1797, i. p. 560. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 303. 
 
 Buhle, Geschichte der neuern Philosophie, 1800, 
 ii. pp. 438, 440, 445 ; 1802, iii. p. 185. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 142. 
 
 Murr, Uber den ivahren Ursprung der Rosen- 
 kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens , 1805, pp. 40, 
 52, 64, 68. 
 
 Buhle, Ueber den Ursprung und die vornehmste 
 Schicksale der Orden der Rosenkreuzer und Frey- 
 maurer, 1804, pp. 207, 245 sqq. 
 
 Nicolai, Einige Bemerkungen uber den Ursprung 
 und die Geschichte der Rosenkreuzer und Freymaurer, 
 1806, Text, pp. 68, 74, 83, 85, 86 ; Anmerkungen, 
 pp. 39, 44, 48 (against Buhle's views). 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 538. 
 
 Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England, 
 ed. Nichols, 1811, i. p. 503. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xiv. p. 417. 
 
 Wood, Athenee Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1815, ii. 
 col. 618 (J. Frizius, col. 620). 
 
 Biographic Me~dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 167. 
 
 Granger, A Biographical History of England, 
 1824, ii. p. 119 (Fludd's five portraits). 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 42. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 364. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- 
 cine, 1834, II. i. p. 328. 
 
 D'Israeli, Amenities of Literature, 1841, iii.. p. 
 229. 
 
FL UDDFORS TER 
 
 285 
 
 FLUDD (ROBERT). Continued. 
 
 Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular 
 Delusions, 1841, iii. pp. 155, 288 ; 1852, i. pp. 174, 
 265. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 185- 
 190; 1869, pp. 177-182. 
 
 Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerti, 1844, 
 p. 181, Nos. 2481, 2482, 2483, 2485; p. 194, No. 
 2617 (summuin bonum, auctore Joachim Frizzio 
 (sic) Francof. 1628 (sic) fol.). 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Midicale, 1855, i. 
 
 P- 354- 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1856, xiv. p. 263. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gt.'ne'rale, 1858, xvii. col. 15. 
 
 Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English 
 Literature, 1859, i. p. 609. 
 
 Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of 
 Physicians, 1861, i. p. 140. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters, 
 1866, iii. pp. 472-76. 
 
 FONS Chemicae Veritatis. 
 
 See PHILALETHES. 
 
 Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences Philosophiques, 
 1875, pp. 539-542. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Mt<di- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1878, ii. p. 418. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 226. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 17 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 870. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 389. 
 
 Waite, The Real History of the Rosicrucians, 
 1887, pp. 283-307. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1889, xix. p. 
 348 (article by Rev. A. Cordon). 
 
 British Medical Journal, 1897, ii. p. 408. 
 
 J. B. Craven, Doctor Robert Fludd (Robertus de 
 Fluctibus) The English Roncrucian Life and 
 Writings, Kirkwall, 1902, 8, pp. xvi., 260. 
 Portrait, vignette, illustrations in the text. 
 
 FONTANA (GIOVANNI MARIA URBANO). 
 
 [Analyse des Eaux Thermales de Vinay avec des Observations sur les Insectes 
 microscopiques qui y sont contenus ainsi que dans leurs Mousses. Par 
 
 Mr. Fontana.] 
 
 No place, date, or printer. 
 
 4. Pp. 92-122. Extract from the Mlmoires of the Turin Academy, vii. 1786, p. 92. 
 
 Fontana, born at Turin, 24 Dec. , 1753, died at on Osmunda regalis. See Mtmoires of the Turin 
 Turin, 23 July, 1791. He wrote a chemical paper Academy, 1790-91, v. p. 93. 
 
 FONTINA (JOHANNES VON DER). 
 
 Die Fontina der Liebhaber der hohen Wissenschaft. 
 
 See VIER niitzliche Chymische Tractat vom Stein der Weisen, 1612, sig. Aij recto. 
 
 See also JEAN DE LA FONTAINE. 
 
 FORBERGER (GEORG). 
 
 See ZACHAIRE (DENIS), Von der natiirlichen Philosophia, 1609, 1773. 
 
 Georg Forberger was born at Meissen, and Secretis Antimonii from German into Latin, Basil, 
 
 towards the close of the sixteenth century lived at 1575, 8, as vyell as historical works by Paolo 
 
 Basel. He was an adherent of Paracelsus, and Giovio and Guicciardini. 
 translated Alexander von Suchten's Tractat de 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 816. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 578. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicomm, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 302. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 306. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1750, 
 ii. col. 670. 
 
 Beytrag sur Geschichte der hohern Chemie,i7%$, 
 p. 510. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 276. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Onvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 930-933. 
 
 FORMOSUS. 
 
 See TRAUME des griechischen Philosophus Aristobulus, 1762. 
 
 FORSTER (JOHANN REINHOLD). 
 
 See SCHEELE (CARL W1LHELM), Chemical Observations and Experiments on Fire, 
 1780. 
 
286 
 
 FORSTERFORTALITIUM 
 
 FORSTER (JOHANN REINHOLD). Continued. 
 
 Forster, who is said to have been descended 
 from a Scotsman, who had left during the wars of 
 Cromwell and settled at Danzig, was born at 
 Dirschau in East Prussia, 22 Oct., 1729. In his 
 early years he was neglected, but in 1743 he was 
 sent to school at Marien Werther, next to Berlin, 
 and in 1745 to the Gymnasium at Joachimsthal, 
 where he showed an aptitude for languages. In 
 1748 he went to Halle. His father wished him 
 to study law, he himself preferred medicine, so by 
 way of compromise he studied theology, and 
 acquired such a knowledge of it and such a liking 
 for it that he thought of entering the Church, and 
 in 1753 actually became pastor at Nassenhuben 
 near Danzig. Without neglecting his duties he 
 studied mathematics, history, philosophy, and 
 natural history, which last inspired him with a wish 
 to travel. In the meantime, as his family expenses 
 were increasing more rapidly than his income, he 
 accepted an offer to go to Russia to superintend 
 new settlements along a part of the Volga. On his 
 return to St. Petersburg he presented a report 
 which induced the Government to ask him to draw 
 up a code based on the civil code of the Germans. 
 From Russia he went to England, where he 
 published a translation into English of Lomonosov's 
 History of Russia and some other works. He 
 refused offers to go as a preacher to Florida and to 
 Maryland, and for a time lived at Warrington as 
 teacher of French and German in the Dissenters' 
 school. He passed to the Episcopal school, where 
 he taught French for some years. An offer to go 
 to India having failed, he had to support himself in 
 London by writing and translation, but after 
 eighteen months he was offered the post of 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 169 (full 
 article). 
 
 Meusel, Das gelekrte Teutschland, oder Lexicon 
 der jetzt-lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, iii. pp. 
 
 43 -439- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 456, 509, 525, 526, 538. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 Appendix iv. p. liv. 27 Feb., 1772. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. pp. 199-208 (excellent article with long list 
 of his writings, by Jourdan). 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1847, 
 xlvi. pp. 376-382 (by Eckstein). 
 
 naturalist on Cook's second expedition, and having 
 accepted it he joined the "Resolution" in July, 
 1772. The expedition returned in 1775, and a few 
 months later Forster had prepared his report on 
 the botany. But disagreements subsequently arose 
 as to the writing the narrative of the voyage, and 
 his portion was ultimately rejected, and he was 
 refused the cost of the plates. For his work he 
 received no consideration from the Government, 
 but his merit was recognized by the University of 
 Oxford, which made him a doctor of civil law. 
 At this time his finances were so low that he was 
 put in prison for debt. He was relieved from his 
 debts in 1781 by Frederick II. of Prussia, who 
 created him a councillor and appointed him to the 
 chair of natural history at Halle, which he occupied 
 for eighteen years. He obtained the degrees of 
 doctor of philosophy and of medicine, and was 
 head of the botanic garden. He was not successful 
 as a lecturer or teacher, and he devoted himself 
 mainly to translating narratives of travels, and to 
 the study of history and of technology. He died 
 9 December, 1798. 
 
 Forster was a man of immense knowledge of 
 natural history, and of enormous power of work. 
 He was familiar with seventeen languages, all of 
 which he could speak and write. He is said, how- 
 ever, to have had rough manners and a very keen 
 tongue, to have been extravagant and fond of play, 
 which threw him often into financial straits, so that 
 possibly some of the complaints made against him 
 were not without foundation, but all the same 
 Forster is to be remembered as one of the dis- 
 tinguished naturalists of the eighteenth century. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Otnlrale, 1858, xviii. p. 200. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 775. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1878, vii. p. 
 166 (article by Alfred Dove). 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme S6rie, 1879, iii. p. 666. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1889, xx. 
 p. 15 (contains a notice of the son J. G. Adam 
 Forster, and a few notes on the father). 
 
 Wilh. Schrader, Geschichte der Friedrichs Utii- 
 versitdt zu Halle, 1894, i. p. 409, 537, 577. 
 
 FORTALITIUM Scientiae, das 1st : die vnfehlbare volkommeliche, vnerschatzliche 
 Kunst aller Kiinsten vnd magnalien; welche alien wiirdigen, tugendhafften 
 Pansophise studiosis die glorwiirdige, hocherleuchte Briiderschafft defs Rosen- 
 creutzes zu eroffnen, gesandt. Daraufs dieselbige jhre gehorsame-kluge- 
 fromme Discipul klarlich vnd ohne einige allegori nunmehr in demuht vnnd 
 der forcht Gottes alle mysteria, seyt der Welt anfang hero verstehn vnd 
 lernen mogen. Benebens sich griindlich vnnd augenscheinlich befindet, 
 dafs Ehrngedachter, seliger, Gottliebender Fraternitet ringste Kunsten das 
 Goldmachen, vnd Lapis philosophicus jederzeit gewesen seyen. 
 
 Anno clDloC.XVII. 
 Deus providebit : qui credit, habebit. 
 
 No place or printer. 
 
 8. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights ; or pp. [45, i blank], C8 (blank?) is wanting. 
 The Fortalitivm is signed Ireneus Agnostus, The Copia Literarum, F. G, Menapius. 
 
FORTALITIUMFOURCROY 287 
 
 FORTALITIUM Sciential Continued. 
 Fortalitium Scientiae. clDlocxvm. 
 
 8. Sigs. A, B, C, in eights ; or pp. [45, 3 blank]. 
 This is nearly a line-for-line reprint of the 1617 edition, but the impression is not so clean. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy quotes the 1718 edition only, Dantiscanus, conrectorof the gymnasium at Frank- 
 
 and is followed by the author of the Afissiv. furt a. M. He was a man of learning, took an 
 
 Kloss quotes both editions, and adds that this is active part in the compilation of De Bry's Travels, 
 
 the first appearance of the two names Irenseus and wrote Ein cinder Sendschre.iben an die aller- 
 
 Agnostus and F. G. Menapius. He states it as his seligste Fraternitet des gewiindschten Rosen- 
 
 conviction that the two names denote one person, kreutzes, printed along with the Fama and Con- 
 
 who in all probability was Gotthard Arthusius, fession. See IREN>EUS and MENAPIUS. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, 
 Hermftique, 1742, iii. p. 284. p. 68, No. 56. 
 
 Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, 
 
 p. 183, No. 2497, and p. 177, No. 2442. 
 
 FOURCROY (ANTOINE-FRAN^OIS DE). 
 
 Chemische Philosophie oder Grundwahrheiten der neuern Chemie auf eine 
 neue Art geordnet von A. F. Fourcroy, Arzt und Professor der Chemie. 
 Aus dem Franzosischen iibersetzt von D. Johann Samuel Traugott Gehler, 
 Oberhofgerichtsassessorn und Senatorn zu Leipzig, auch der Oekonomischen 
 Societal daselbst Ehrenmitgliede. Leipzig, bey Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius. 
 1796. 
 
 8". Pp. viii. 182. 
 
 This is a translation of the Philosophie chimique, published at Paris in 1792, 8, 
 1795 an d 1806. It was translated into most European languages. 
 
 Memoires et Observations de Chimie, Par M. de Fourcroy, Docteur en Medecine 
 de la Faculte de Paris, Censeur Royal, de la Societe Royale de Medecine, 
 de celle d' Agriculture, Professeur de Chimie au Jardin du Roi & a 1'Ecole 
 Royale Veterinaire. Pour servir de suite aux Elemens de Chimie publics 
 en 1782, par 1'Auteur. A Paris, Chez Cuchet, rue & hotel Serpente. 
 M.DCC.LXXXIV. Sous le Privilege de 1'Academie Royale des Sciences. 
 
 8. Pp. xvi. 447 [i]. 3 plates. 
 
 Tableaux Synoptiques de Chimie, pour servir de resume" aux legons donnees 
 sur cette science dans les ecoles de Paris. Par A. F. Fourcroy, Membre 
 de 1'Institut national, Conseiller d'Etat, Professeur de chimie au Museum 
 d'histoire naturelle, a 1'Ecole polytechnique et a 1'Ecole de medecine. 
 Paris, Baudouin, Imprimeur de 1'Institut National des Sciences et des Arts. 
 An VIII. 
 
 Folio. Pp. ii [i blank] 12 double folio sheets, contained in a portfolio. 
 
 Fourcroy was born at Paris, 15 January, 1755, of the Ecole normale, and was created director 
 
 where his father was a druggist, who could do little general of Public Instruction. When the uni- 
 
 for the education of his son, but by the advice of versity was founded he expected to be made 
 
 Viq-d'Azyr he studied medicine, and after a hard principal, but was passed over in favour of 
 
 struggle against poverty and jealous opposition he Fontanes. This was a fatal disappointment, and 
 
 graduated in 1780, and turned his attention at once shortly after, on 16 Deer., 1809, he died suddenly 
 
 to scientific work. Four years later by the help of of apoplexy in the midst of his family at the age of 
 
 Buffon he succeeded Macquer in the chair of fifty-four. 
 
 Chemistry in the Jardin des Plantes. In 1792 he Fourcroy's researches, carried on by himself and 
 
 was a deputy at the National Convention, and along with Vouquelin and others, covered the 
 
 became one of the leading members of the Com- whole field of chemistry. He analyzed minerals 
 
 mittee of Public Instruction, and also one of the and mineral waters, investigated arragomte, 
 
 Committee of Public Safety. He assisted in platinum, sulphurous acid, the combustion of 
 
 organising the Ecole Polytechnique and in hydrogen in oxygen and the origin of nitric acid 
 
 founding schools of medicine, drew up the scheme in the water produced, fulminating powders, etc. 
 
288 
 
 FO URCRO Y-FRA CASTORO 
 
 FOURCROY (ANTOINE FRA^OIS DE). Contimied. 
 
 He examined various vegetable products, and 
 showed that plants contained albumen, and ex- 
 plained the formation of ether, but his most 
 important investigations referred to animal sub- 
 stances, the study of which had never been so 
 systematically undertaken previously. Fourcroy's 
 extraordinary activity and energy were not exhausted 
 by his multitudinous researches and his labours 
 connected with organisation of education from the 
 first grade to the highest. He was besides professor 
 of chemistry at the Jardin des Plantes, the Ecole 
 Polytechnique, and at the Faculty of Medicine, and 
 he spared no pains in making his lectures asclearand 
 
 Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Outrages . . . sur 
 Its Eaux minerals, 1785, p. 541. (Fourcroy's 
 classification of mineral waters.) 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 351, 401, 508-9, 548. 
 
 QueYard, La France Litttraire, 1829, iii. p. 178. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843-47, ' PP- 
 324-329, et passim. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie , 1848, 
 xlvii. pp. 89 91 (by F. W. Theile). 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1856, xiv. p. 521. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gintrale, 1858, xviii. cols. 
 338-343. 
 
 Cuvier, Recueil des Eloges Historiques, 1861, i. 
 pp. 299-335. 
 
 FRACASTORO (GIROLAMO). 
 
 complete as possible, while in their delivery they 
 were distinguished by a brilliancy and oratorical 
 fervour which have never been surpassed. These 
 lectures are practically contained in his Systeme des 
 Connaissances Chymiques, 1801, n vols. 8, which 
 is the best account of the state of the science at the 
 time, as his article in the Encyclopedic methodique 
 is of the greatest value for the history of it in the 
 eighteenth century. 
 
 He was a member of the Committee along with 
 Berthollet, Guyton-Morveau, and Lavoisier, which 
 was appointed to draw up the method of chemical 
 noaienclature. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Haud- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 782. 
 
 Royal Society's Index, 1868, ii. p. 677. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1869, ii. p. 555. 
 
 Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der 
 neueren Zeit, 1871, pp. 87, 88, 132, 203, 213, 304 
 306, 398, 400, 527. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopcdique des Sciences Mcdi- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1879, iii. p. 744 (long list of his 
 publications). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 739- 825. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 128; 2nd 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 1003. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 413. 
 
 De Sympathia et Antipathia Rerum. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 650. 
 
 Though his name is attached to the ' Dias- 
 cordium Fracastorianum ' Fracastoro cannot be 
 regarded as a chemist or pharmacist. His fame 
 rests on his skill in medicine, which gained him 
 the epithet of the ' successful,' and on his genius as 
 a Latin poet. Mathematics and astronomy were 
 also subjects of study, and he was one of the 
 prominent men of the most brilliant era in the 
 modern history of Italy. He was born at Verona 
 in 1483, and at his birth his lips were so nearly 
 closed up that it was necessary to have them 
 opened by a surgeon. He was an infant in his 
 mother's arms and escaped uninjured when she was 
 killed by lightning. After a careful education by 
 his father he went to the University of Padua and 
 had a distinguished career, being appointed to give 
 lectures on Logic at the age of nineteen. He was 
 present at various engagements between the French 
 and Venetian troops, occupied a chair at Friuli, 
 
 J. M. Toscanus, Peplus Italics, 1578, p. 73. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 209. 
 
 Imperialis, Musceum Historicum et Physicum, 
 1640, pp. 13-18 (with a portrait). 
 
 Ghilini, Teatro tfHuomini Letterati, Venetia, 
 1647, i. p. 119. 
 
 Boissardus, Bibliotheca Chalcographica, 1650, 
 Plate Pp. i. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 422. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1234 ; pi. 55. 
 
 Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 introductio, 1697, pp. 107, 410; 130, 207, 211. 
 
 Naudaana et Patiniana, 1703, n, p. 27 ; p., p. 19. 
 
 Pope Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 
 1710, p. 581. 
 
 Vita selectee quorundam eruditissimorum ac 
 illustrium virorum, Vratislaviag. 1711, pp. 3-18. 
 
 and was premier physician of Pope Paul III., who 
 also appointed him to be physician to the Council 
 of Trent. Towards the end of his life he retired to 
 his estate in the neighbourhood of Padua others 
 say of Verona where he died of apoplexy, 6 
 August, 1553. He was buried in the Church of St. 
 Euphemia, at Verona. A statue with his portrait 
 in bronze was erected to him at Padua, and 
 another subsequently at Verona. 
 
 He wrote books on philosophical subjects, one on 
 astronomy, and poems, which have received the 
 approval of all competent critics. His collected 
 works were published at Venice, 1555, 4. His 
 treatise on Sympathy and Antipathy and on Con- 
 tagious Disease appeared first at Venice, 1546, 4, 
 at Lyons, 1550, and 1554, 16, pp. 351, i blank ; 
 Poemata Omnia, Patav., 1718, with portrait from 
 the Paduan bronze. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1714 (1732), i. p. 1064 (I. vii. 
 3,8). 
 
 Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, i. 
 p. 169. 
 
 Freind, The History of Physick, 1726, ii. p. 369, 
 & passim. 
 
 Fried. Otto Mencken, De Vita, moribus, scriptis 
 merilisque Hyeronomi Fracastorii commentatio, 
 Lips. 1731, 4. 
 
 Maffei, Verona Illustrata, Parte Seconda, 1731, 
 pp. 337-347 (with a portrait-medal). 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 306. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 137-139, 546, 751, 891. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires, 1732, xvii. pp. 264-276. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, ix. col. 1594. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 P- 309. 
 
FRA CA S TOROFRA NCKENBERG 289 
 
 FRACASTORO (GIROLAMO). Continued. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii- 
 col. 696. pp. 200, 212, 215, 311. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la MMecine, Dezeiraeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Me"de- 
 
 I 755> ' P- 3 6 71 I 77 8 ' " P- 2O - c ^ ne - l8 3S> U. ii- P- 3 8 - 
 
 MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, Libri, Histoire des Sciences Mathtmatiques en 
 
 v. p. 283. Italie, 1840, iii. p. 100. 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Histories MedicorumChrono- Ersch & Gruber, Allgetneine Encyklopddie, 1848, 
 
 logicus, 1761, p. 148. xlvii. p. 120 (article by F. W. Theile). 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie MAdicale, 1855, i. 
 
 1770, i. p. 296; v. p. 589. p. 156. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 276. Biographie Universelle, 1856, xiv. p. 589. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 209. Nouvelle Biographie Gtne'rale, 1858, xviii. p. 418. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 p. 522. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 786. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 312 4. Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 197. cales, 4eme SeYie, 1879, iv. p. i. 
 
 Tiraboschi, Storia delta Letteratura Italiana, Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 132. 
 
 1810, VII. ii. pp. 475, 476, 559, 644. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 135; 2nd 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, Series, 1900, v. p. 1012. 
 
 1814, xv. p. 57. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- den Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 420. 
 25), iv. p. 234 (article by R. Desgenettes). 
 
 FRANCKENBERG (ABRAHAM VON). 
 
 Raphael oder Artzt-Engel. Auff ehmaliges Ersuchen eines Gottliebenden 
 Medici. A. S. Auffgesetzt von H. Abraham von Franckenberg, Equite 
 Silesio, im Jahr 1693 (sic). Jetzo aber durch zuthun guter Hertzen und 
 Freunde verlegt, und ans Licht gebracht. Zu Amsterdam, Gedruckt bey 
 Jacob von Felsen, wohnhafft in der Utrechtschen Gasse, am Reguliers 
 Marckt. M DC LXXVI. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 46 [i, i blank]. Engraved emblematic title extra. 
 
 Raphael oder Artzt-Engel. Auff ehmaliges Ersuchen eines Gottliebenden 
 Medici. A. S. Auffgesetzt von H. Abraham von Franckenberg, Equite 
 Silesio im Jahr 1639. Jetzo aber durch zuthun guter Hertzen und Forderer 
 verlegt und ans Licht gebracht. Zu Amsterdam, Gedruckt bey Jacob 
 von Felsen, wohnhaft in der Utrechtschen Gasse am Reguliers Marckt. 
 M DC LXXVI. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 46 [i, i blank]. Engraved emblematic title extra. This is a different 
 edition, in which the date 1639 is given correctly. 
 
 a. w. Gemma Magica oder Magisches Edelgestein, das ist, Eine kurtze 
 Erklarung des Buchs der Natur, nach dessen sieben grosten Blattern, auff 
 welchem beydes die Gottliche und Natiirliche Weifsheit, durch Gottes Finger 
 hinein geschrieben, zu lesen ist : geschrieben von Abraham von Franckenberg. 
 
 Im Buch der Weifsheit C. i. v. 4. 
 Die Weifsheit wird nicht eingehen in einer bofs-artigen Seelen. 
 
 J. A. Th. 
 Diese Weifsheit fa'llt nicht auff Un-Edle, besondern auff Tugend-Edle 
 
 Gemiither. 
 
 Zum Druck iibergeben und befbrdert durch einen Liebhaber des sel. 
 Autoris. Mit Begnadigung und Freyheit des Apollinis und der Musen. 
 Amsterdam, Im Jahr Christi, 1688. 
 
 8. Pp. 159 [i blank]. 
 T 
 
2QO 
 
 FRA NCKENBERGFREIND 
 
 FRANC KEN BERG (ABRAHAM VON). Continued. 
 
 Franckenberg, Lord of Ludwigsdorff in the 
 principality of Oels, a Silesian nobleman, was 
 born on his estate, 24 June, 1593. He appears 
 under various pseudonyms : Amadeus Friedlebius, 
 Franciscus de Monte S. Franciscus Montanus, 
 Elysius, and wrote several books of mystical import 
 and a life of Bohme, of whom he was a devoted 
 follower. He had no respect for confession or for 
 the communion, and having quarrelled with the 
 priests he went to Danzig, where he was entertained 
 by the mathematician, Hevelius. He carried on a 
 
 Placcius, Theatrum Anonymorum et Pseudonym- 
 orum, 1708, in the section entitled ' De Scriptoribus 
 Pseudonymis detectis Liber,' p. 34. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemlca, 1727, pp. 81, 
 
 IO2. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, p. 571 (wrote more systematically than 
 Bohme, but to follow him the reader must be a 
 theologian, mystic, chemist and cabalist !). 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, 
 Th. iii. c. ix. 16, 17, 18, 19 (Tom. ii. p. 410); 
 Tli. iv. n. xxxii. 75 (Tom. ii. p. 904). 
 
 Vogt, Catalogus Historico-Criticus Librorum 
 Rariorum, 1747, p. 284. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 722. 
 
 wide and learned correspondence, but would accept 
 no offices because he thought they would lead him 
 into many sins. He subsequently returned to 
 Ludwigsdorff and died there 25 June, 1652. 
 
 One of his books is entitled : 
 
 Trium virorum chymicorum . . . nemlich Amadei 
 Friedlebii, D. Rebentrosts und . . . G. Keilings 
 Collectanea . . . de Bismutho, das ist etliche rare 
 . . . Chymische Processe, Dresden und Leipzig, 
 1718, 8. 
 
 There is a copy in the British Museum. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, i. p. 79. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, IV. 
 i. pp. 695, 706. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina: practices, 1777, ii- 
 p. 649; 1779, iii. p. 401. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 22, 
 269; 1799, m - P- 2 3 2 - 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 198. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 ^vorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 789. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheijue Ouvaroft, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 2 (i), 17, 54,78, 1089-91, 1708, 
 1726. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1878, vii. p. 243. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 327. 
 
 FREDERICK, Duke of Holsatia and Sleswick. 
 
 A letter concerning an Adept. 
 
 See AURIFONT1NA CHEMICA, l68o, p. 53. 
 
 The author is presumably Frederick, or Fridericus 
 IV., Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, who was born at 
 Gottorp, 22 Dec. 1597. After a thorough education 
 he travelled, and was in France in 1616, when his 
 father died. He thereupon returned and undertook 
 the cares of government in 1617. In 1621 he per- 
 mitted the Dutch Remonstrants to settle and to 
 build a town which was called after him Friedrich- 
 stadt. During the war between the Emperor 
 Ferdinand II. and Christian IV. of Denmark, he 
 was compelled to receive the imperial troops though 
 wishing to remain neutral, in consequence of which 
 he was besieged by the King in Gottorp in 1629, 
 for a short time, but was soon relieved by the 
 concluding of a peace. He died 10 Aug. 1659, in 
 his 62 year. 
 
 He was a man of great learning, a master of 
 many languages, and skilled in all the science of 
 his time. He was the author of two or three works 
 
 Moller, Cimbria Literata, 1744, i. pp. 193-197. 
 
 which have been printed, while others remain in 
 manuscript. The opinion passed on him by Mei- 
 bomius seems quite justified by facts: " Principum 
 literatissimus, et literatorum princeps." He had 
 enlarged a very fine library left him by his father, 
 and had also a valuable museum, and a chemical 
 laboratory in which chemists like Zobel and Lan- 
 gellottus had pursued experimental researches. 
 
 The present tract contains a romance-like story 
 of an adept who possessed not only great wealth, 
 but apparently knew the secret of the perpetual 
 lamp and a method of communicating with his 
 friends at a distance by means of a magnetic needle 
 and an alphabet, an anticipation of wireless tele- 
 graphy. The ideas were adopted but with a very 
 sinister aspect thrown over them by Lord Lytton 
 in his tale entitled The Haunted and the Haunters. 
 A long account of the Duke is given by Moller. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-I^xicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 759. 
 
 FREIND QOHN). 
 
 Praelectiones Chymicae, in quibus omnes fere Operationes Chymicse ad vera 
 Principia et ipsius Naturae Leges rediguntur, Oxonii habitaa, Johanne 
 Freind, M.D. ^Ed. Christ. Alumn. Amstelodami, Apud Janssonio- 
 Wsesbergios, M DCC X. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 93 [3 pp. advertisements]. Title red and black. 
 
 Freind was born at Croughton, or Croton, in thenes on the Crown, and Ovid's Metamorphoses. 
 
 Northamptonshire in 1675, was educated at West- Subsequently he devoted himself to Medicine, 
 
 minster school, and in 1691 went to Christ Church, communicated several papers to the Royal Society, 
 
 Oxford, and studied under Aldrich. At first he took the degree of Bachelor of Medicine in 1703, 
 
 was distinguished as a classical scholar and he and published his book Emmenologia, which has 
 
 edited ^Eschines against Ctesiphon and Demos- been considered a remarkable exposition from the 
 
FREIND 
 
 291 
 
 FREIND (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 iatro-mathematical or mechanical point of view. 
 In 1704 he was appointed to the Chair of Chemistry, 
 and delivered lectures thereon in the Ashmolean 
 Museum, and in 1705 went as army physician to 
 Spain with the Earl of Peterborough. Afterwards 
 he proceeded to Rome where he met Haglivi, the 
 expounder of the above-mentioned medical theory. 
 On his return he wrote a vindication of the Earl's 
 conduct, printed at London in 1706, 1707, and in 
 1709 appeared his Lectures on Chemistry, which 
 were criticised by the Leipzig journalists, to whom 
 he replied severely. In 1711 he was in practice in 
 London and became physician of George I., was 
 elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1712, and of 
 the Royal College of Physicians in 1716. In 1722 
 he was sent to Parliament by Launceston, and in 
 consequence of the vigour with which he expressed 
 his views advantage was taken of the suspension of 
 the Habeas Corpus Act and he was sent to the 
 Tower, 15 March, 1723. In June he found security, 
 and in November was liberated. Dr. Mead to his 
 credit was his cautioner, though they were not on 
 friendly terms. During his imprisonment he wrote 
 a work on the Small-pox addressed to Mead, and 
 sketched the plan of his history of Medicine. This 
 work established his reputation, and in 1727 when 
 George II. came to the throne he appointed Freind 
 to be physician to the Queen. He held this office 
 however only for a few months as he died 26 July, 
 1728, universally regretted. He was buried at 
 Hitcham, in Buckinghamshire, and his widow and 
 son were taken in charge by the King. 
 
 The Prcelectiones Chymicce appeared in 1709, 
 and the second edition. London, 1726, 8, pp. [16] 
 177 [i blank, 3 book advertisements, i blank], with 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum,i7y>, 
 I. ii. pp. 341-346 (contains reviews). 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 329, 546-48, 713-18, etc. etc. 
 
 Edward Wilmot, The Harveian Oration, 1735, 
 4 (Eloge of Freind). 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, ix. col. 1805. 
 
 Niceron, Mimoires, 1736, xxxv. p. 255. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 P- 314. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 167. 
 
 Biographia Britannica, 1750, iii. pp. 2024-2044 
 (an elaborate notice ; see Note F on the Chymical 
 Prelections], 
 
 Chaufepi6, Nouveau Dictionnaire Historique et 
 Critique, 1750, ii. Letter F, pp. 82-87. (Fr the 
 lectures on Chemistry, see Note D.) 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 738. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 
 I 75S. ' P- 37* 1 *77 8 . P- 268. 
 
 Mor^ri, Le Grand Diclionnaire historique, 1759, 
 v. p. 362. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de F Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. p. 304. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 70. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 40. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 16. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 32. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1788, iv. 
 pp. 261-65 (with descriptive notes). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 691, 
 695, 715 (' History of Physick ' ). 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Afedica, 1799, i. pp. 
 314-322. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 239. 
 
 the Vindicice as an appendix. Besides the above 
 of Amsterdam, 1710, there is another, 1718, 12, 
 and Paris, 1727, 4, 1735. The English translation 
 has the following title : 
 
 Chymical Lectures: in which almost all the 
 Operations of Chymistry are reduced to their True 
 Principles, and the Laws of Nature. Read in the 
 Museum at Oxford, 1704. By John Freind, M.D. 
 Student of Christ-Church, and Professor of Chymis- 
 try. Englished by J. M. To which is added an 
 Appendix, containing the Account given of this 
 book in the Lipsick Acts, together with the Author's 
 Remarks thereon. London, printed by Philip 
 Gwillim, for Jonah Bowyer at the Rose in Ludgate- 
 street, 1712. 8, pp. [16] 200. 
 
 Another edition is mentioned; London, 1729, 8, 
 with the Emmenologia. The lectures (or rather 
 the hypothesis of attraction advanced in them) 
 were criticised by Le Mort, and Freind's reply was 
 published in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 
 331, pp. 310-342, for July, August, and September, 
 1711, and reprinted in the 1712 edition. 
 
 The History of Physick in two volumes appeared 
 at London, i. 1725, ii. 1726, 8; 1751 ; a Latin 
 translation by J. Wigan, London, 1734; a French 
 translation by Stephen Pomet, London, 1727, 4. 
 It is a classical work and is still of authority, 
 especially for the Greek medicine, for which his early 
 training in Greek stood him in good stead. It also 
 was keenly criticised by Le Clerc, and a consider- 
 able controversy arose over it, though the author 
 himself took no part in it. 
 
 His collected works in Latin were edited by 
 John Wigan, London, 1733, fol. ; Venice, 1733, 4, 
 Paris, 1735, 4. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der Chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 212. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 Appendix iv. p. xxxii. Elected 1712. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xv. p. 109. 
 
 Andres, Delt origine, progressi e stato attuale 
 di ogni Letteratura, 1816, vi. p. 175. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 263. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 412. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mede- 
 cine, 1835, II. ii. p. 394. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, 1849, 
 xlix. p. 85 (by F. W. Theile). 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 186. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1856, xv. p. 134. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtnerale, 1858, xviii. col. 
 782. 
 
 Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of 
 Physicians, 1861, ii. p. 44. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 797. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclop/dique des Sciences Midi- 
 cafes, 4eme Serie, 1880, vi. p. 40. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Mediciit, 1881, ii. pp. 
 608, 1087. 
 
 Billings, Index- Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 186 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 1069. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 433. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1889, xx. 
 p. 241. 
 
 The Aschpiad, 1889, vi. pp. 148-174. 
 
292 FREITAG FRENCH 
 
 FREITAG (JOHANN). 
 De Unguento Armario. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1 662, p. 609. 
 
 There are two persons of this name, doctors of Van der Linden. The above tract is reprinted 
 medicine. One, born at Perleberg in the Priegnitz, from his Nodes Medicce, Francof. 1616, 4. 
 1587, studied at Frankfurt on the Oder, Gottingen, Mercklin, by some confusion, has placed it to 
 Vienna, and Basel, graduated at Padua, and wrote the credit of Arnold Freitag, of Emmerick, born in 
 a work on the Analogy between the Macro- and 1561, from 1589 Professor of Medicine at Helm- 
 Microcosm. He died in 1654 (1667) at Ratisbon. stadt, who resigned the post, however, and wrote 
 
 The other, born at Niederwesel in the duchy ot some medical and religious books. Kestner has 
 
 Cleve, 30 Oct. 1581, studied at Helmstadt, was repeated this mistake by placing it under Arnold 
 
 Professor of Medicine, physician to the Bishop of Freitag and not mentioning it under Johann at all. 
 
 Osnabriick, finally went to Groningen on account Kestner is copied by Jocher, but if they had all 
 
 of his religion, was appointed Professor of Medicine, consulted the Theatrum for themselves they would 
 
 practised and died, 8 Feb. 1641. He was opposed have seen that the author's name was Joannes, and 
 
 to the doctrines of Paracelsus, and engaged in a the source the Noct. Med. Arnold Freitag died 
 
 controversy with Sennertus about them, and wrote in 1614. 
 a number of works on Medicine enumerated by 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis libri duo, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 1637, p. 270. p. 456. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 583 (for Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 
 Joannes), p. 89 (for Arnoldus). 1814, xv. p. 118. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum^ Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 1688, p. 1371, portrait, pi. 63 ; p. 1383, portrait, 25), iv. p. 267. 
 
 pi. 64. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mlde- 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historique, 1730, iv. pp. cine, 1835, II. ii. p. 397. 
 
 191-2 (Art. SENNERT). Bayle et Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i- 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, p. 372. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 346. Biographic Universelle, 1856, xv. p. 183. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen Dictionnaire EncyclopMique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 270. cales, 4eme SeYie, 1880, vi. p. 58. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 186 ; 2nd 
 
 p. 316. Series, 1900, v. p. 1071. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 col. 741-2. genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 434. 
 
 Matthias, Conspectus Historice Medicorum Chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 505. 
 
 FRENCH (JOHN). 
 
 The Art of Distillation : Or, a Treatise of the choicest Spagyrical Preparations, 
 Experiments, and Curiosities, performed by way of Distillation. Together 
 with the description of the choicest Furnaces and Vessels used by Ancient 
 and Modern Chymists. And the Anatomy of Gold and Silver; with the 
 chiefest Preparations and Curiosities thereof; together with their Vertues. 
 In Six Books. By John French Dr. in Physick. To which is added in 
 this Fourth Impression. Sublimation and Calcination : In Two Books. As 
 also, The London-Distiller exactly and truly shewing the way (in words 
 at length, and not in mysterious Characters and Figures) to draw all sorts 
 of Spirits and Strong- Waters ; Together with their Virtues, and other Excellent 
 Waters. London : Printed by E. Cotes for T. Williams at the Bible in 
 Little-Britain, 1667. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 250. Contents [22]. Woodcuts in the text. 
 
 The London-Distiller has separate pagination and the following title-page : 
 The London-Distiller, exactly and truly shewing the way (in words at length, and 
 not in mysterious Characters and Figures) to draw all sorts of Spirits and Strong- 
 Waters : to which is added their Vertues, with Additions of many excellent Waters. 
 London, Printed by E. Cotes, for Thomas Williams, at the Sign of the Bible in Little- 
 Britain, 1667. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 43 [3]. i Woodcut in the text. 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
FRENCH FRE UND 
 
 293 
 
 FRENCH (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 At the end of Book VI. are the following : 
 
 The Process of the Elixir, according to Para- 
 celsus, p. 211. 
 
 The Process of the Elixir, according to Divi 
 Leschi Genus Amo, p. 212. 
 
 The Process of the Philosophers-Stone, accord- 
 ing to Pontanus, p. 213. 
 
 The Smaragdine table of Hermes from whence 
 all Alchymie did Arise, p. 213. 
 
 Contemporary with the above are three works, 
 one of which purports to be a translation by J. F., 
 the other two by J. F. M. D. 
 
 The two are Glauber's Philosophical Furnaces, 
 London, 1651, 4, and Sendivogius' A New Light 
 of Alchemy, London, 1650, 4. The evidence that 
 these were translated and edited by French may be 
 briefly stated. 
 
 1. Like the Art of Distillation, they were printed 
 for Thomas Williams at the Bible in Little- Britain, 
 but by Richard Cotes. 
 
 2. At the end of Glauber's book there is an 
 advertisement of the New Light and of the Art of 
 Distillation. 
 
 3. The woodcuts in Glauber's book and in the 
 Art of Distillation are identical so far as they go. 
 
 4. There are preparations in French's Art simi- 
 larly, if not identically, worded with those in 
 Glauber's Furnaces. 
 
 5. Passages occur in the prefaces which are 
 admittedly not identical, but on that very account 
 bear striking evidence of the same hand. There 
 are phrases, words, turns of expression, topics, in 
 the prefaces which denote identity of authorship. 
 
 For example, the 'Epistle to the Reader' pre- 
 fixed to Sendivogius begins : ' There is abundance 
 of knowledge, yet but little truth known ' ; while 
 that to the Art of Distillation begins : ' There is a 
 glut of Chymicall books, but a scarcity of chymicall 
 truthes ' ; analogous ideas, expressed in analogous 
 terms. Similarly in the concluding paragraph or 
 sentences he apologises for his style and for the 
 ' Errata's ' as he calls them, asks the reader to 
 be candid or courteous, and if he knows more and 
 can do better to give evidence thereof. In these 
 passages there is certainly not absolute identity in 
 the words used, but the ideas are exactly the same, 
 the expressions are analogous, in short they bear 
 obviously that they were all written by the same 
 person. 
 
 With regard to the translation of Agrippa's 
 Occult Philosophy it may be observed that it is by 
 a different printer for a different bookseller, and 
 the translator omits the letters M.D. Lowndes 
 says that J. F. stands for J. Freake. There was 
 certainly a John Freke or Freake, but I am of 
 
 Matthiae, Con spectus Histories Medicorum Chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 638. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 274. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, vol. xv. p. 120. 
 
 Wood, Athence Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1817, iii. 
 col. 346. 
 
 FRESNOY (NICOLAS LENGLET DU). 
 
 See LENCLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS). 
 
 FREUND. 
 
 Ein Freund, deme die Wahrheit bewust 1st . . 
 
 See METALLISCHER BAUMGARTEN, 1741. 
 
 opinion that Lowndes was wrong, and that this 
 translation was also by French. The phrases recur 
 in this book which are found in the others. Thus 
 in the dedication to Dr. Childe, the well-known 
 Hermetist, he says : ' Now, Sir ! as in reference to 
 this my translation, if your judgment shall find a 
 deficiency therein let your candor make a supply 
 thereof.' In the address to the reader in the Art 
 of Distillation he says : ' To conclude, if thou 
 knowest more or better things than these, be 
 candid, and impart them ; ... if not, accept of 
 the endeavours of thy friend.' In the Epistle in 
 Sendivogius he says : ' If any Errata's have passed 
 through the slips of my pen, or the Printer's 
 mistake, be thou candid, and mend them. If thou 
 shall not approve of what I have done, convince 
 mee of my errour by doing better ; for thereby 
 thou shall oblige the lovers of truth, and, amongst 
 the rest, thy friend.' 
 
 Other passages in the address to the reader in 
 the Occult Philosophy can be paralleled, and the 
 whole evidence proves cumulatively that the J. F. 
 of these works is John French the author of the 
 Art of Distillation. 
 
 The initials J. F. are appended to the address to 
 the reader prefixed to Dr. Everard's translation of 
 The Divine Pymander of Hermes Mercurius 
 Trismegistus, London, 1650, small 8, pp. [16] 215 
 
 fi blank] and London, 1657, 24, [14] 246 [4] 127 
 3, book advertisements]. 
 
 The 1650 edition was printed by Robert White 
 for Thomas Brewster and Gregory Moule, just as 
 Agrippa's Occult Philosophy was printed by R. W. 
 for Gregory Moule. The 1657 edition was printed 
 by J. S. for Thomas Brewster. 
 
 I do not doubt that the initials J. F. again 
 denote John French, for though there is nothing 
 exactly resembling what has been quoted above 
 from the other books the thoughts expressed in the 
 preface are so like those in that to A New Light of 
 Alchymie, that one is warranted in ascribing them 
 to the same author. Wood, it may be observed, 
 thinks that J. F. the translator is probably the 
 same as John French. 
 
 The first edition of The Art of Distillation was 
 published at London in 1651, pp. [24] 199 [i, 15, 
 i blank] ; the second, in 1653-52, pp. [16] 191 
 [i blank] ; 64 [ 16] ; the third, in 1664 ; all in 4. 
 
 The author was born at Broughton, near Ban- 
 bury, in 1616. He was a surgeon in the army, 
 became M.D., and wrote this book, and that on 
 the ' Yorkshire spaw,' London, 1652, 1654, 12, 
 reprinted long after at Halifax, in 1760, as ' The 
 H arrogate Spaw,' 12. He died at Boulogne in 
 1657. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 268. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtndrale, 1858, xviii. p. 802. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Midi- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1880, vi. p. 47. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1889, vol. xx. 
 p. 251 (article by Gordon Goodwin). 
 
294 FRE UNDFR YD A U 
 
 FREUND. Continued. 
 
 Ein Freund der edlen Chymie und Metallurgie am griinen Hartze. 
 
 See BREVIS TRACTATIO, 1715. 
 
 See CON- ET DISSENSUS Chymicorum De . . . Rustic! Minoris Particulari, 1715. 
 See EINFALTIGER iedoch deutlicher . . . Unterricht von der Luna Compacta, 
 1715- 
 
 Ein Freund und Untersucher der Natiirlichen und Hermetischen Wahrheiten. 
 See UNVORSICHTIG (Die) verlohrne . . . Philosophische Brieff-Tasche, 1728. 
 
 FREUNDLICHES SEND-SCHREIBEN, eines Adepti scientise & artis 
 Hermeticae, an die so genannte Duumviros Hermeticos Foederatos, anlangende 
 Deroselben Schrifften, vor einigen Monaten aus Engelland nach Franckfurt 
 gesendet. Weifsenfels, zu finden bey Job. Briihlen, F. S. Hoff- und August. 
 Buchdr. Im Jahr Christi 1684. 
 
 12. Pp. 42 [6 blank]. 
 
 FREYDAU (JOHANN FERDINAND VON). 
 
 See FRYDAU (JOHANN FERDINAND VON). 
 
 FREYWALDUS (DONATUS), Misnemis. Respondent. 
 
 See HORST (GREGORIUS), Problematum Medicorum . . . decades priores 
 quinque, 1608. 
 
 FRIBE (MELCHIOR). 
 
 Epistola, sive brevis enumeratio hactenus a se in Chemia actorum. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 875. 
 
 Melchior Fribe was born at Friedland in Silesia, papers on medical subjects to the Academia Naturas 
 
 24 Nov. 1629, was a doctor of medicine, practised Curiosorum, of which he was elected a member, 
 
 at Landshut, and then at Zittau, was ' Physicus' at 15 Augt. 1672. He died at Mittweide in 1690. 
 Hayne in Misnia, and communicated a number of 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 806. Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 603. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 408. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 347. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, Hi. 
 
 Buchner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum p. 339. 
 
 Historia, 1755, p. 466, No. 43 (calls him Fribe). Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 139, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 569. 215 (calls him Friben). 
 
 FROLICH VON PLAWEN (HULDERICH). 
 
 See CARDANO (GERONIMO), Offenbarung der Natur, 1591. 
 
 Is this the person who wrote a description of 1600, and Montfort's Enarration.es on Virgil, 1596, 
 Basel in verse, Basel, 1607, and edited comraen- folio? 
 taries of W. Musculus on Genesis and Romans, 
 
 FROST (ERNEST BOGISLAUS), Respondent. 
 
 See ROLFINCK (GUERNER), Dissertatio . . . de Tartaro, 1660, 1679. 
 
 FRYDAU (JOHANN FERDINAND VON). 
 
 Licht des Lichtes, das ist Beschreibung und Beleuchtung des furstlichen und 
 monarchischen grossen Geheimnisses aller Geheimnisse, des Schatzes aller 
 Schatze, des Steins der Weisen, den die Weifsheit Gottes aus Liebe und 
 Gnade zum Wohlstand des menschlichen Geschlechts in das Reich der 
 
FR YD A UFUEGER 
 
 FRYDAU (JOHANN FERDINAND VON). Continued. 
 
 Natur gepflanzt, und, wie solcher zu erlangen sey, geoffenbaret durch 
 Johann Ferdinand von Frydau &c. 
 
 Psalm 104, 24. Die Giite des Herrn ist in alien Dingen. 
 Quedlinburg und Eisleben, in der Biesterfeldischen Buchhandlung. 1763. 
 
 8. Pp. 136. 
 
 Sendschreiben an einen Durchlauchtigsten Prinz eines Hochfiirstlichen Hauses 
 des Ueutschen Reichs in welchem von dem grofsen hermetischen Geheimnifs 
 dem Stein der Weisen gehandelt wird. Nach dem Original gleichlautend 
 zum Druck befordert. Quedlinburg und Leipzig, in der Biesterfeldischen 
 Buchhandlung 1762. 
 
 8. Pp. 64. 
 Dated : Sonneuberg den 14. Novembr. 1758, and signed von Frydau. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Both these works are in the Ouvaroff Catalogue, wish of the admiring editor of the Hermetisches 
 
 and Kopp quotes " Licht des Lichtes " ; but I have A. B. C. (iv. p. 75) : O gottlich weiser Bruder, 
 
 not seen them elsewhere, and have not found any dein Zeugnis bleibe bis ans Ende der Zeit im Segen ! 
 
 notice of the author. There is only the fervent The author's name appears also as Freydau. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvaroff', Sciences Secretes, Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 388. 
 1870, Nos. 1394-5. 
 
 Sendschreiben. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 75. 
 
 Licht des Lichts. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 95. 
 
 FUCHS (GEORG FRIEDRICH CHRISTIAN). 
 
 Erlauterungen einiger Verse welche in Basilius Valentinus Schriften vor- 
 kommen. 
 
 See TEICHMEIER (HERMANN FRIEDRICH), 1788. 
 
 Fuchs, born at Jena, 20 Augt. 1760, was son of Giinther, and Poggendorff. In connection with 
 
 Georg August Fuchs, Phil, and Med. D. He was the history of chemistry, however, he compiled two 
 
 apothecary at Biirgel, near Jena, in 1787 was works still of use and value : Versuch einer Ueber- 
 
 privat docent in the medical faculty, and 1783 sichtderChymischen Litteratur undihrerBranchen, 
 
 extraordinary professor of medicine at Jena, and Altenburg, 1785, 8 ; and Repertorium der chemi- 
 
 afterwards superintendent of the asylum. He died schen Litteralur von 494 v. Chr. Geburt bis 1809 in 
 
 22 Augt. 1813, at Biirgel. He made numerous alphabet. Ordnung auf Gestellt, Jena, 1806-1812, 
 
 chemical investigations, published separately, 2 Bde. 
 mostly at Jena. A list of these is given by Meusel, 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexicon Giinther, Lebenskizzen der Professoren dfr Uni- 
 der jetztlebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, ii. versitdt Jena seit 1558 bis 1858, Jena, 1858, p. 133. 
 p. 452. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 813. 
 
 540-541; 671, &* passim. Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences medi- 
 
 cales, 4eme Serie, 1880, vi. p. 248. 
 
 FUEGER (GEORG). 
 
 Theoria brevis de Lapide Philosophico. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 300. 
 
296 FUNFFUSSSTEIG 
 
 FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, in welchen die allerdeutlichsten 
 Ausdriicke derer, so jemals, als wahrhafftige Kunstbesitzer, von dem so 
 sehr beruffenen Stein der Weisen geschrieben haben, anzutreffen sind. 
 Nebst einer Vorerinnerung von J. W. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey 
 Johann Georg Efslinger. 1767. 
 
 8. Frontispiece, title, and introductory matter, pp. [32]. 
 
 The five tracts have each a title-page and separate signatures and pagination. 
 They are as follows : 
 
 J. R. V., Giildene Rose, pp. 88. Joannes Fridericus Helvetius, Vitulus Aureus, 
 
 Anonymus von Schwartzfufs, Brunnen der Weifs- pp. (including the frontispiece), [1-13] 14-80. 
 
 heit und Erckanntnifs der Natur, pp. 47 (including See under these names respectively. The first 
 
 the frontispiece), [i blank]. three tracts were issued together in 1706 in DREY 
 
 Das Blut der Natur, pp. 79 (including the CURIEUSE CHYMISCHE TRACTATLEIN (</.v.). The 
 
 frontispiece), [i blank], frontispiece is the same in both collections with 
 
 Joannes de Monte Raphaim, Vorbothe der . . . modifications as to details. 
 Morgen-Rothe, pp. 40 (including the frontispiece). 
 
 FUNFZIG von verschiedener Art, ganz neu erfundene und bewahrte Kunst- 
 stiicke. 
 See E. (H. v.). 
 
 FURSTLICHE (Die) Rose von Jericho oder Moses Testament. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 39. 
 
 In the first paragraph this is said to be the last Probier-Stein ascribed to Fictuld. See FICTULU 
 
 piece by the Baron Meinstoof. It is an excerpt (H.). For the 'Rose' in alchemical titles see 
 
 only. This Meinstoof is presumably identical with Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 377. 
 Meinstoff, who is named as the author of the 
 
 FUNDAMENT (Das) der Lehre vom Stein der Weisen. 
 See PYROPHILUS, 1736. 
 
 FUNDAMENTA Vera Chymiai. 
 
 Paracelsus. 
 
 Separate & ad maturitatem perducite. 
 Anno M.DC.LX. 
 
 8. Pp. 15 [i blank]. No place or printer. 
 
 No author's name is given. The tract consists of 42 aphorisms or short 
 paragraphs dealing with the fundamental notions of the composition of metals 
 and their transmutation. 
 
 FUSSSTEIG dess Fusssteigs. 
 See SEMITA Semitae. 
 
G. (C.}G. (A M.) 
 
 297 
 
 G. (C.) 
 
 See GLASER (CHRISTOPHER). 
 
 G. (F. A.). 
 
 Das Philosophische Auge in der Chymie, den so lange von den allermeisten 
 in Blindheit des Verstandes vergeblich gesuchten Lapidem Philosophorum 
 oder Stein der Weisen zu sehen, und so viel leichter zu finden, der Richt- 
 schnur der Vernunft gemafs, mit Zuratheziehung und Gegeneinanderhaltung 
 der bewahrtesten, von dieser Sache in Druck ausgegangenen Philosophischen 
 Schriften, zur verniinftigen Priifung und treuhertzigen Warnung, bey miifsigen 
 Stunden gescharffet von F. A. G. Jena zu finden bey Theodor Wilh. 
 Ernst Giith. 1751. 
 
 Pp. [24] 72. 
 
 8 
 
 The name of the author of this tract is not 
 mentioned. Fictuld (Probier-Stein^ 1753, Th. " 
 p. 32) criticises him severely as being a follower of 
 that ' arch-sophist ' Philaletha. The book, how- 
 ever, makes but passing allusion to that person, 
 and the most important chapter is that in which 
 the author gives a classification of the cheats and 
 
 impostors who claim to possess or to be able to 
 make the philosophers' stone. 
 
 The book is just mentioned by Kopp (Die 
 Alchemic, 1886, ii. 385) and by Ladrague (Bib- 
 liotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 
 1468). 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 G * * (L.). 
 
 La Lumiere tire"e du Cahos, ou Science Herme'tique 
 Philosophique de"voile. Par Mr. L. G * *. A Amsterdam. 
 
 24. Pp. 139 [i]. 
 
 du Grand-CEuvre 
 M.DCC.LXXXIV. 
 
 For the occurrence of the word Chaos with an 
 alchemical significance see Kopp, Die Alchemie, 
 1886, ii. p. 252, and for works in the title of which 
 the word occurs, Ibid, p. 361. Nor should it be 
 
 forgotten that the title of Baron Chaos was con- 
 ferred on Richthausen, an alchemist (Bayer, Chemie 
 und Alchymie in Osterreich, bis zum beginnenden 
 XIX. Jahrhundert, 1883, p. 36). 
 
 G. M. B. D. S. 
 
 See RADIX CHIMIA:, 1680. 
 
 G. (P. M.). 
 
 See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC), Opera, 1600. 
 
298 
 
 GALENUSGALL US 
 
 GALENUS (CLAUDIUS). 
 
 L'Antidotario di Claudio Galeno Pergameno Interpretato da Michelangelo 
 Angelico Vicentino. Nel quale si contengono i due Libri de gli Antidoti, 
 quello della Theriaca a Panfiliano, il Trattato d'essa a Pisone, & il Discorso 
 de' Sali Theriacali. Con 1'Indice delle Cose piii notabili. In Vicenza, 
 Appresso Domenico Amadio. M DC XIII. Con licenza de' Superiori. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 131 [i blank, 10, 2 blank]. 
 
 Galen paid special attention to materia medica The position of Galen as the greatest physician 
 and pharmacy, and wrote the present and some of classical antiquity after Hippocrates and the 
 other works on the subject. He must not, how- 
 ever, be held responsible for the complicated pre- 
 scriptions which were in vogue 1200 or 1400 years 
 later, and which led to the controversies between 
 the so-called Galenic physicians and the advocates 
 of chemical or ' spagyric ' remedies. 
 
 most influential during the Middle Ages, is so 
 unquestioned, and his system forms so distinctive a 
 part of the history of medicine that it is hardly 
 necessary to give references to the literature. 
 
 Castellanus, Vitce Illustrium Medicorum, 1617, 
 
 p. 112. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scrip tis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, pp. 102-121. 
 
 Renatus Charterius, 'Vita, 'prefixed to his edition 
 of Galen's Works, Paris, 1639. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 183- 
 204. 
 
 Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, p. 48, &c., &c. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, 1708, iii. pp. 509- 
 590 (Elogium Chronologicum, by Ph. Labbe). 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 
 Genev. 1710, p. 163. 
 
 Barchusen, De Medicinee origine et progressu 
 Dissertationes, 1723, pp. 246-276. 
 
 Freind, The History of Physick from the time of 
 Galen to the beginning of the Sixteenth Century, 
 1725-26, passim. 
 
 Le Clerc, Histoire de la Mtdecine, 1729, p. 660. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 376-429. (Mangel has reprinled the 
 long life of Galen by Renalus Charterius.) 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 85-90, &c. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 
 1736, pp. 389-9. 557-58. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 3.27- 
 
 Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire historique, 
 
 1750, ii. lelter G, p. 8. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 832. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 
 
 1751, passim. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 
 1755. i- 380 ; 1778, ii. 290. 
 
 GALERAZEYA. 
 
 See AGRICOLA (DANIEL), 1631. 
 
 GALLUS (FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Reise nach der Einode St. Michael. 
 
 See under MEHUN (JOHANN VON), Spiegel der Alchymie, 1771, p. 33. 
 
 See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hohern Chemie, 1773, p. 121. 
 
 said he was born in 1462, which made him at the 
 time of Gallus' visit 140 years of age. He died in 
 1609. 
 Whether this is a narrative of an actual event, an 
 
 Portal, Histoire de F Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, i. pp. 76-93; v. 567-582, &c., &c. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. m- 
 
 I2O. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 82 ; 
 1777, ii. pp. 726-729. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 85. 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1775, i. p. 317. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1776, 
 i. pp. 228-273 ! I 777 >' P- 434 ('he present 
 Italian work). 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. pp. 304-324, article by A. L. Marquis. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1823, ii. 
 pp. 132-176. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mide- 
 cine, 1835, II. ii. pp. 430-471. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mddicale, 1855, i. 
 pp. 71-79. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, pp. 60, 373-377- 
 
 Daremberg, Htstoire des Sciences Mddicales, 
 1870, i. p. 207, &c., &c. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1875, i. pp. 
 
 347-3 8 5. etc - 
 
 Figuier, Vies des Savants illustres (de /' Anti- 
 quit^), 1877, p. 366. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 1880, 4eme Serie, vi. p. 500. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 242; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 13. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 477. 
 
 Mitteilungen zur Geschichte der Medicin und 
 der Naturwissenschaften, 1902, i. p. 3 (note on 
 Galen's name by Wm. Cronert). 
 
 Friedrich Gallus describes how finding acci- 
 dentally a tract by Paracelsus in a chapel in the 
 Thuringian forest he was led to visit a hermit who 
 dwelt in the solitude of ' St. Michael,' who claimed 
 kinship with the noble family of Trautmannsdorf, 
 and who was a master of the deepest philosophy. 
 
 He showed Gallus the philosopher's stone, and 
 
 allegory, or a mere romance, it is difficult to say. 
 There is no indication as to the author. 
 
GA LL USGEBER 299 
 
 CALLUS (FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 85. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 85. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1112-1114. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 101. 
 281. 
 
 GAMON (CHRISTOFLE DE). 
 Le Tresor des Tresors. 
 
 See LINTHAUT (HENRI DE), l6lO. 
 
 GANTZ neue eroffnete Pforte zu dem Chymischen Kleinod. 
 See R. (I. M.), 1728. 
 
 GANTZE (Der) Kern der Al-Chymie, das 1st : Eine Erleuchtung der schwartzen 
 Finsternis dem Mercuric philosophorum der alten Weisen, den rechten 
 Glantz zu geben. Nach einem alten Exemplar so im Jahr 1580. in 
 Strafsburg von Johann Faust gedruckt, nun aber denen Liebhabern der 
 edlen Chymie zum Besten, ohne Versetzung eines eintzigen Buchstaben, aufs 
 neue wieder aufgelegt. Hamburg, 1748. 
 
 8. Pp. 16 [3, i blank]. Etched vignette of an eagle, by Feller of Jena, 
 
 This tract is in verse. It is a reprint with some modifications of the "ALTE 
 DEUTSCHE REIMEN, de prima Materia des Steins der Weisen," q.v. , and begins 
 after some preliminary verses "Eine treue Lehr will ich dir geben." 
 
 GANTZE (Das) Schema oder Figur. 
 
 See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705; Ali Puli, Centrum Naturae Concen- 
 tratum, p. 78. 
 
 GARAYE (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT MAROT), Comte de la. 
 
 See MAROT (CLAUDE TOUSSAINT), Comte de La Garaye. 
 
 GARLANDIUS (JOANNES). 
 See HORTULANUS. 
 
 GASSMANN (FRANZ). 
 
 See PANTALEON. 
 
 GASTON DE CLAVES. 
 See DUCLO (GASTON). 
 
 GEBER. 
 
 Gebri Arabis. Chimicae cum Correctione, et Medulla G : Horni. M. d. Nor. 
 Lugduni Batavorum Apud Arnoldum Doude. 1668. 
 
 This is followed by a fly-title : 
 
 Gebri Arabis Chimia sive Traditio summae Perfectionis et Investigatio Magisterii 
 innumeris locis emendata, a Gaspare Hornio Medico Reip. Noribergensis. Accessit 
 ejusdem Medulla Alchimiae Gebricae. Omnia Edita a Georgio Hornio. 
 
 12. Pp. [19, i blank] 179 (for 279) [i blank]. Engraved title, consisting of a 
 black man with a shield, helmet, and lance, from which floats a pennon bearing the 
 first title. Behind the figure is a palm tree, at the foot of which crouches a tiger or 
 leopard. At the bottom is the imprint. 
 
306 GEBER 
 
 GEBER. Continued. 
 
 Gebri, Regis Arabum, Philosophi Perspicacissimi, Summa perfectionis Magisterii 
 in sua natura ; Ex Bibliothecae Vaticanas Exemplari undecunq; emendatissimo 
 edita, Cum vera genuinaq; delineatione Vasorum & Fornacum. Deniq; libri 
 Investigationis Magisterii & Testamenti ejusdem Gebri, ac Aurei Trium 
 Verborum Libelli, & Avicennae, Summi Medici & acutissimi Philosophi, 
 Mineralium additione Castigatissima. Gedani, Apud Brunonem Laurentium 
 Tancken. Anno M DC LXXXII. 
 
 8. Pp. [23, i blank, engraved title included] 278 (should be 272, because 113-8 
 have been dropped in paging). 9 plates of apparatus. 
 
 Besides the Summa Perfectionis, Liber Investi- Authoris ignoti, Philosophic! Lapidis Secreta, 
 
 gationis and Testamentum of Geber, this volume metaphorice describentis Opusculum, p. 261. 
 
 contains : Merlini Allegoria, profundissimum philosophic! 
 
 Liber Trium Verborum Kallid acutissimi, p. 235. Lapidis Arcanum perfecte continens, p. 265. 
 
 Avicenna: De Congelatione et Conglutinatione Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rhodiani, et Kanidis 
 
 Lapidum, p. 245. Philosophorum Regis Persarum, de Materia Philo- 
 
 Also called Avicennce Mineralia. sophici Lapidis acutissime colloquentium fragmen- 
 
 Cujusdam Epistolas quse Alexandri Macedonum turn, p. 270. 
 
 Regis nomine circumfertur, Interpretatio abditam Faustus Sabaeus ad Lectorem, p. 278. 
 Philosophici lapidis, compositionem sapientibus 
 acutissime declarans, p. 254. 
 
 Geberi des Koniges der Araber, scharffsinnigen Philosophi und wahren Adepti 
 Curieuse vollstandige Chymische Schriften, worinnen in den vier Biichern 
 das Quecksilber, Schwefel, Arsenicum, Gold, Silber, Bley, Zinn, Kupfer, 
 Eisen, &c. Oefen, Instrument, Sublimationen, Descension, Destillationen, 
 Calcination, Solution, Coagulation, Fixation, Ceration, Test, Cement, Feurung, 
 Schmeltzung, &c. ferner deren Anfange, Praparationen, Essenzen, Salze, 
 Alaune, Atramente, Salpeter, Salarmoniac, Vitriol Antimonium, Bolus, 
 Cinnober, Glafs, Boras, Essig, &c. abgehandelt werden ; wie auch das 
 Testament, Giildene Buch der dreyen Worter Kallid Rachaidibi, und andere 
 Chymische Tractatgen, Summa, die ganze Kunst die unvollkommenen 
 Metalle, als Kupfer, Zinn, Bley, Eisen, &c. in Vollkommene, als Silber 
 und Gold zu verwandeln ; das ist : wie man Silber und Gold maehen 
 soil, enthalten, Alles aus einem uhralten MScpt. genommen, nach dem 
 vorhandenen Exemplar in der Vaticanischen Bibliothec eingerichtet, mil 
 gehorigen Figuren und Register versehen, und an Tag gegeben von 
 Philaletha. Wienn, verlegts Joh. Paul Kraufs. 1751- 
 
 8. Pp. [24, Frontispiece included] 332 [4, advertisements]. Title red and 
 black. 15 woodcuts in the text, most of which are copies from the early folio 
 editions of Geber's works. 
 
 This edition contains the following works : donier. Von der geheimen Composition des Steines 
 
 Gebers Summa, in four books, p. i. der Weisen, p. 257. 
 
 Das Buch der Dreyen Worter Kallid Rachaidibi, Eines unbekannten Autoris Geheimnifs vom 
 
 p. 236. Stein der Weisen, p. 266. 
 
 Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rhodiani und Kanidis Merlini Allegoric vom Stein der Weifsen, p. 271. 
 
 der vortrefflichsten Weltweifsen des Koniges in Geber : Das Buch der Untersuchung, p. 277. 
 
 Persien, Stiicke von der Materie des Steins der Geber : Testament oder letzter Wille, p. 303. 
 
 Weisen, p 248. Avicenna : Tractat von der Congelation und 
 
 Sendschreiben Alexandri des Koniges der Mace- Conglutination der Steine, p. 319. 
 
 Faustus Sabaeus an den Leser, p. 330. 
 
 Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, wodurch aus ihm selbsten wie auch aus vielen 
 anderen Schriftstellern Materia Proxima Lapidis Universalis sowohl als aller 
 Partikular-Arbeiten erwiesen wird. Wien, 1792. 
 8. Pp. [27, i blank] 369 [i blank]. 
 
VNIVtK- 
 
 X 
 
 GEBER 301 
 
 GEBER. Continued. 
 
 The tracts in this edition are identical with those donier. Von der geheimen Composition des Steines 
 
 in the edition of 1751, and are as follows : der Weisen, p. 294. 
 
 Geber, Summa, in four hooks, p. i. Eines unbekannten Autoris Geheimnifs vom 
 
 Das Buch der dreyen Worter Kallid Rachaidibi, Stein der Weisen, p. 302. 
 p. 275. Merlini Allegoric vom Stein der Weisen, p. 306. 
 
 Rachaidibi, Veradiani, Rhodiani und Kanidis . . . Geber: Das Buch der Untersuchung, p. 311. 
 Stiicke von der Materie des Steins der Weisen, Geber: Testament oder letzter Wille, p. 336. 
 p. 286. Avicenna, Tractat von der Congelation und 
 
 Sendschreiben Alexandri des Koniges der Mace- Conglutination der Steine, p. 353. 
 
 Faustus Sabaeus an den Leser, p. 368. 
 
 [Another Copy.] Wien, 1792. 
 
 Opera. 
 
 See ALCHEMIA, 1541. 
 
 The works are : De inventione veritatis seu perfectionis metal- 
 
 De investigatione perfectionis metallorum, p. i. lorum, p. 206. 
 
 Summa perfectionis metallorum, sive perfect! De Fornacibus construendis, p. 229. 
 magisterij, p. 20. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO), Verae Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 112. 
 
 The works are : Summa Perfectionis, siue perfect! magisterii, 
 
 De Investigatione perfectionis metallorum, p. p. 118. 
 
 112. De inventione veritatis siue perfectionis, p. 184. 
 
 Liber Fornacum, p. 193. 
 
 Liber investigationis magisterii. 
 
 See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- !64. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 558. 
 
 Secretum. 
 
 See under RICHARDUS ANGLICUS, Correctorium, 1581, f. 137 ; 1596, f. 137. 
 
 This tract is entitled in the book : Des Koniges das groste Secretum begriffen, so auff Erden sein 
 Gebers aufs Hispanien Buch der Heyligkeit so er mag : vnd dessen sich die Venetianer hoch 
 seinem Sohn zu lieb vnd nutz geschriben, darinnen ruhmen. 
 
 Summa perfectionis magisterii. 
 
 See GIN^ECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- l > 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 519. 
 
 The Sum. 
 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 335. 
 
 La Somme de la Perfection. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, i. 
 p. 85. 
 
 Testamentum. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 562. 
 
 De Alchemia Dialogi duo. Quorum prior genuinam librorum Gebri Senten- 
 tiam . . . retegit . . . 1548. 
 See BRACESCO (GIOVANNI). 
 
 Geber Redivivus. 
 
 See DENSINGER (ARSENIUS BACHMIEL), 1683 (?). 
 
302 
 
 GEBER 
 
 GEBER. Continued. 
 
 Exercitationes perbreves in Gebri . 
 
 See GERHARD (jOHANN). 
 
 . Libros duos Summae Perfectionis. 
 
 De Lapidis Physici Conditionibus Liber. Quo 
 Lullii methodica continetur explicatio. 1695. 
 See VOGEL (EWALD). 
 
 Gebri & Raimundi 
 
 Hitherto it has been the custom, though not a 
 universal one, to identify Geber with the Arabian 
 alchemist Dschabir Ben Hayyan. If this be 
 correct all that is necessary is to produce proof 
 of the identity by exhibiting the connection of their 
 respective writings. Then what is known of the 
 biography of the Arabian will of course serve for 
 that of Geber. The results of investigation so far 
 have not led to any satisfactory result, for there 
 are several different notices of Dschabir which do 
 not agree, and which have caused Hammer-Purg- 
 stall to say that his biography is overshadowed by 
 considerable contradiction and obscurity, and have 
 led Steinschneider to call him an almost mythical 
 personage. There seems, however, to be no 
 reason for doubting that he lived and wrote the 
 alchemical treatises enumerated in some Arabic 
 books of reference. According to the Kilab-al- 
 Fihrist (xoth century) he was born at Tarsus, 
 lived at Damascus and at Kufa, and died A.H. 
 160, that is A.D. 776-777. Other accounts which 
 make him a native of Harran and nourishing in the 
 third century of the Hegira, or an apostate Greek, 
 or a native of Spain, have not the authority of the 
 narrative in the Fihrist which is adopted by 
 Hammer- Purgstall. 
 
 According to native accounts he was a voluminous 
 writer, and did not confine himself by any means 
 to alchemy. His writings on this subject have 
 been long known by MSS. in Arabic preserved at 
 Leyden and Paris, and probably in other libraries. 
 The contents of these MSS. however were not 
 readily accessible until they were published by 
 Berthelot in 1893. 
 
 As a result of his examination of them Berthelot 
 has come to the conclusion that the Latin works of 
 Geber have nothing really to do with the Arabic 
 works of Dschabir, but that they are considerably 
 later. 
 
 If this view be correct it opens up an entirely new 
 question, for if we know but little about Dschabir, 
 of Geber we know nothing at all, except that he 
 cannot be later than the fourteenth century, seeing 
 that his name occurs in MSS. of that date. But 
 to his nationality, to his exact date, to the origin of 
 his name, there is no clue, and a still more difficult 
 thing to account for is the clearness of the writings 
 ascribed to him as compared with those of his 
 presumed contemporaries and of many of those in 
 succeeding centuries. 
 
 The earliest printed work with a date bearing 
 Geber's name is entitled Flos Naturarum. There 
 was a copy in the Pinelli collection, exemplar 
 nitidissimum, as it is called, but the date is mis- 
 printed : ' III. Nonas Augusti. ' A copy is men- 
 tioned in the catalogue of the Museo Borbonico, 
 and there was one in Count Mac-Carthy's sale 
 which brought 51 fr. There was formerly one in 
 the Ste G^nevieve Library at Paris, but it has been 
 
 Thevet, Les Vrais Pourtraits et Vies des Horn- 
 mes illustres, 1584, ff. 73 recto 74 verso. (The 
 portrait given is of a personage whose very existence 
 is doubtful. The biography is equally reliable. ) 
 
 missing for a long time. The description given 
 by Hain is merely copied from that in the Pinelli 
 Catalogue, for he repeats the mistake in the date. 
 He never saw a copy, and the book is passed 
 over by Copinger, so that neither has he come across 
 a copy anywhere. It is quoted by Denis, Maittaire, 
 Panzer, Brunei, and Graesse -but they give no 
 definite information about it. 
 
 The book is a small 4, without place or printer's 
 name, but printed in Italy. It is in Roman letter, 
 24 lines to the page, and the copy before me has 
 16 leaves. The book has no signatures, catch- 
 words, or numbers. The colophon, printed in 
 capitals, runs thus : 
 
 Opus Maximi Philosophi j Ac Regis Indiae Ge j 
 beri Foeliciter | Hie Comple I turn Est Ac 
 | Impres | sum [ AnnoIesuChristi. M.CCCC 
 j LXXIII. IIII. Nonas Augusti. | 
 
 Two or three of the paragraphs refer to alchemy, 
 but the bulk of the book consists of ' secrets ' based 
 on the ' occult ' properties of certain substances, 
 and it closely resembles the style of the ' Magic of 
 Kiranus.' There can be no doubt that this is one 
 of the very rarest of books. 
 
 The chemical writings of Geber, with which the 
 preceding has nothing to do, passed through a 
 number of editions. Besides those in the present 
 collection there are the following. The first is in 
 Roman letter, printed between 1470-1480 (B. M. 
 says Rome, 1473), without number or mark of any 
 kind. It contains ff. 122, 25-26 lines to the page. 
 It is called a 4, but the copy before me has the 
 original manuscript signatures, and they are in 
 eights ; Rome, printed from a MS. in the Vatican 
 by Marcellus Silber, no date, 1490-1520, in small 
 square 8, of which there were two issues at least ; 
 Strasburg, 1528, 1529, 1530 (?), 1531, all in folio ; 
 Nuremberg, 1541, 4 (with other works) ; Venice, 
 1542, 8; Nuremberg, 1545, 4 (with other works); 
 (1562?); Basel, 1572, 8; Strasburg, 1598, 8 
 (1649, 12); (1670?). These are in Latin. 
 
 The German translation printed in the same 
 style, and with the same illustrations as in the 
 Latin, Strasburg, 1529, 1530, folio; (1581?); 1625, 
 8; Frankfurt, 1710, 8; Vienna, 1753, 8. 
 
 There are two translations in English, that by 
 Richard Russell, London, 1678, and with a new 
 title-page, 1686 ; Salmon's version, 1692 (as above), 
 1707. 
 
 The French version was not printed by itself, 
 but in the Bibliotheque, 1672, 1678, 1741. 
 
 Besides these printed editions I have met with 
 several MS. copies both on paper and vellum, of 
 various dates, some of them as early as the 
 fourteenth century. They are all in Latin, except 
 one in Italian, in which language, so far as I am 
 aware, there is no printed edition. Numbers of 
 MSS. are preserved in the large libraries. 
 
 Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1 S9 I - P- 30. 
 
 Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 
 1599. P- 138- 
 
GEBER 
 
 303 
 
 GEBER. Continued. 
 
 Maier, Symbola A urea Men stf, 1617, pp. 201-207. 
 
 Naude, A pologie pour tousles Grands Personnages 
 . . . soupconnes de Magie, 1625, p. 360; English 
 translation, 1657, p. 169. 
 
 Leo Africanus, Africa; Dcscriptio, 1632, p. 352. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriplis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 169. 
 
 Conring, De Hermetica Medicina, 1648, pp. 369, 
 372-3; 1669, pp. 404, 405. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chi mica, 1654, p. 102. 
 
 Quenstedt, Dialogusdepatriis illustrium doctrina 
 ft scriptis virorurn, 1654, p. 621. 
 
 Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemice Dis- 
 ser/a/ia, 1668, p. 120, &c. 
 
 The vet, Histoire des plus illustres et sfavans 
 hommes de Icurs siecles, 1670, i. p. 295, and por- 
 trait. (This portrait is different from that in the 
 1584 edition.) 
 
 Borrichius, Hermetis, Aegyptiorumet Chemicorum 
 Sapientia vindicata, 1674, pp. 32, 287, 413, 433. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 317. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 13, No. xviii. 
 
 Herbelot, Bibliotheque Orientate, 1697, p. 387. 
 
 Keren-Happuch, . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer 
 der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 54. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 85. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallica, 
 
 1732, P- 57- 
 
 Maittaire, Annales Typographic*, 1733, 1. 1. p. 331. 
 Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1735, x. col. 474. 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrien-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 33 6 - 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philowphie 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 74, 464; iii. pp. 26, 33, 
 45, 65, 169, 170. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 1755. P- 395 I 1778. i. p. 320- 
 
 Casiri, Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escunal- 
 ensis, Matriti, 1760, i. p. 423. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 742. 
 
 Oeuvres de Bernard Palissy, ed. Faujas de Saint 
 Fond & Gobet, 1777, pp. 318, 681 (note on Geber 
 and the alchemists). 
 
 Wiegleb, Historisch-Kritische Untersuchung der 
 Alchemie, 1777, pp. 192, 206, 368. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 75 (calls 
 him a native of Seville and alludes to the obscurity 
 of his writings). 
 
 R. Watson, Chemical Essays, 1784, i. p. 17. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 35, 69, 484, 575, 576, 581, 608, 622, 630, 671. 
 
 Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus, 
 1788, ii. p. 250. 
 
 Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheide- 
 kunst, 1788, i. p. 122. 
 
 Bibliotheca Pinelliana, London, 1789, p. 529, 
 No. 12782. 
 
 Denis, Annalium Typographicorum . . . Sup- 
 plementum, 1789, Pars ii. p. 569. 
 
 Kortum . . . verteidiget die Alchimie, 1789, pp. 
 80, 113, 121, 246, 253-55. 
 
 Abu '1-feda, Annales Mosltmici, edd. Reiske & 
 Adler, Copenhagen, 1790, ii. p. 23. 
 
 Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdrge- 
 schichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 121. 
 
 Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachsthums und der 
 Erfindungen in der Chemie in der dltesten und 
 mittlem Zeit, 1792, pp. 89, 133, 207 (based on 
 Bergman). 
 
 Panzer, Annales Typographici , 1796, iv. p. 10, 
 No. 50 (from Maittaire and Pinelli) ; p. 132, No. 
 541 ; 1798, vi. p. 115, No. 783. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 15, &c. , 
 &c. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 349. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 342. 
 
 Beckmann, Be it rage zur Geschichte der Erfin- 
 dungen, 1805, v. pp. 271, 578; English translation, 
 1814, iv. pp. 373, 575. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 1806-08, pp. 11-12. 
 
 Andres, Delf Origine di Ogni Leteratura, 
 Roma, 1813, v. p. 214. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xv. p. 366. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopcidie , 1819, 
 ii. p. 417 (article by Hammer). 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xv. sub voce. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 369. 
 
 Brande, 'General view of the Progress of 
 Chemical Philosophy,' Dissertation prefixed to the 
 'Supplement' to the Encyclopedia Britannica, 
 1824, p. 6. (Afterwards printed in his Manual of 
 Chemistry, London, 1841 (p. 6), and 1848, i. p. vi.) 
 
 Hain, Repertorium Bibliographicum, 1827, I. ii. 
 p. 439, Nos. 7504, 7505. 
 
 Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. pp. 
 14, 116. 
 
 'On Alchemy and the Alchemists,' Eraser's 
 Magazine, 1831, iii. p. 327, &c. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 86, 93- 
 
 Hadji Khalfa, Lexicon Bibliographicum et ency- 
 clopadicum, ed. Fliigel, 1835-1858, i. -vii. passim. 
 
 Dumas, Lecons sur la Philosophic chimique, 1837, 
 p. 13 ; 1878, p. 14 ; Rammelsberg's translation, 
 1839, p. 12. 
 
 Davy, Works, 1840, iv. p. 7 ; vin. p. 329. 
 
 Wiistenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte 
 und Naturforscher, 1840, p. 12, No. 25. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 309- 
 323 ; 1866, i. pp. 326-340. 
 
 Ibn-Khallikan, Biographical Dictionary, ed. De 
 Slane, Paris, 1843, i. p. 300. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843-47, i. pp. 51- 
 56, etc.; ii. pp. 24-26, etc. ; iii. pp. 170-173, 301- 
 303, etc., etc.; iv. pp. 174-176, etc., etc. 
 
 W. H. Black, A descriptive . . . Catalogue of 
 the Manuscripts bequeathed unto the University of 
 Oxford by Elias Ashmole, 1845, passim. 
 
 Hammer-Purgstall, Literaturgeschichte der 
 Araber, 1852, ii. p. 185 ; iii. p. 293. 
 
 Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au 
 Moyen Age, 1853, p. 182. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mddicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 94. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, pp. 80, 378, 500, 501, 961. 
 
 Figuier, L' Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 passim. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gdntrale, 1857, xix. col. 789. 
 
 Brunei, Manuel du Libraire, 1861, ii. col. 1516 
 (copied from Pinelli and Mac-Carthy). 
 
 Graesse, Tresor de Livres rares, 1862, iii. p. 40 
 (from Pinelli and Mac-Carthy). 
 
 Ferguson, 'Geber' in The Laboratory, 1867, p. 
 
 7i. 
 
 L.a.drague,Bii>liotAe$ueOuvaro/', Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 664-668. 
 
 Kitab-al-Fihrist, ed. Fluegel, 1871-72. 
 
 Steinschneider, ' Die toxicologischen Schriften 
 der Araber bis Ende xii. Jahrhunderts,' in Vir- 
 chow's Archiv fur pathologische Anatomie und 
 Physiologie, 1871, I. ii. p. 364. 
 
304 GEBERGEHEIMES 
 
 GEBER. Continued. 
 
 The Popular Encyclopedia, 1874, vi. p. 559 cales, 4eme Se"rie, 1881, vii. p. 194 (article by 
 
 (article by Ferguson). L. Leclerc). 
 
 Kopp, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 Drittes Stiick, 1875, pp. 13-54. (This is the fullest gendenAerzte, 1885, ii. p. 512 (article by A. Hirsch). 
 
 extant account of Geber.) Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. pp. 12, 96, 163, 205, 
 
 Lucien Leclerc, Histoire de la Mtdecine Arabe, 216, 223; ii. pp. 181,250, 320, 327, 330, 335, 347, 359. 
 
 1876, i. pp. 70-77, 303 (for his disciples). Lives of Alchemystical Philosophers, ed. Waite, 
 
 Figuier, Vies des Savants illustres (du Moyen 1888, p. 44 (Geber is not mentioned in the 1815 
 
 Age), 1877, p. 30. edition). 
 
 Encyclopedia Britannica, 1879, x. p. 125. Berthelot, Introduction a I' Etude de la Chimie 
 
 (article by Ferguson). des Anciens et du Moyen Age, Paris, 1889, passim. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopddique des Sciences Mtdi- Berthelot, La Chimie au Moyen Age, Tome iii., 
 
 L'Alchimie Arabe, 1893. 
 
 GEDANCKEN vom rechten Gebrauch der Naturweisheit, und der einigen 
 wahren Universal-Materie, nebst dem daraus zu bereitenden Lapide Univer- 
 sali, ac Magno. In einer Antwort auf des Herrn Nedagandri Brief an 
 die Besitzer des Lapidis &c. mitgetheilet von einem Liebhaber der Cabal- 
 istisch-Gottlichen Magie. Hamburg und Leipzig, -1754. 
 
 8. Pp. 32. 
 
 Signed : Christum Gerendo Mundi Opprimam Vitia, and dated Dresden, den 25 
 Sept., 1753. It may be observed that the initials C. G. M. are the same in the title 
 page and in the signature phrase. For the letter to which this is a reply see 
 
 NEDAGANDER. 
 
 GEDICHT (Ein). 
 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 203. 
 
 See ER6FFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 314. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610. Appendix Tomi Primi, 
 
 P- 357- 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 357. 
 
 GEDICHT der achten Rosenkreutzer. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 214. 
 
 GEHEIME (Die) Naturlehre der Hermetischen Wissenschaft zur Verfertigung 
 des gebenedeyeten Steins der Weisen, nach dem System des edlen Sendivogii. 
 
 1770. 
 
 8. Pp. 78 [2 blank]. Wants pp. 3-4. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 193. 
 
 GEHEIME Unterredungen zwischen zweyen vertrauten Freunden, einem 
 Theologo Philosophizante und Philosopho Theologizante, von Magia 
 Naturali, deren Ursprung und Principiis, wo bewiesen wird, dafs dieselbe 
 eine natiirliche, nutzliche und zulafsige Wissenschafft sey. Zum Druck 
 gegeben vom Collegio Curiosorum in Deutschland. Mit Anmerckungen 
 aus der heutige Philosophie, von einem Liebhaber natiirlicher Wissenschafft. 
 
 1722. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 184. Six woodcuts in the text, and a folding plate. 
 
 There is nothing about Chemistry or Alchemy in antipathy, magnetic cures, amulets, the divining 
 this book. It discusses magic among the ancients, rod, and subjects of that sort, 
 witchcraft among the moderns, sympathy and 
 
 GEHEIMES und Verborgenes Chymisches Laboratorium. 
 See w. (G.), 1739. 
 
GEHEIMNISS GEHEIMNISSE 305 
 
 GEHEIMNISS alter Geheimnifse. 
 
 See MEDICINISCH- CHYMISCH- und Alcheinistisches Oraculum, 1755, p. 41. 
 
 According to the Missiv this is the worst and wissenschaft, vol. ii. Alph. 2, with the title : 
 
 most imperfect version of the tract, and it differs Schlussel der wahren \Veisheit, &c. 
 
 widely from that contained in Schroder's Neue Missiv an die Hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des 
 
 Sam ml ting der Bibliotkek fiir die hohere Natur- Ordens des Goldenen und Rosen kreutzes, 1783, p. 99. 
 
 GEHEIMNISS (Das) der Hermetischen Philosophie, in welchem die Verbor- 
 genheit der Natur und der Kunst, die Materie und Weise zu wu'rken 
 betreflende, vom Steine der Weisen, durch gewisse Regeln ordentlich 
 geoffenbaret wird. Aus der dritten vermehrten und verbesserten Latein- 
 ischen Ausfertigung Parisischen Drucks ins Hochdeutsche Ubersetzt. 
 Frankfurt und Leipzig. In der Fleischerischen Buchhandlung, 1770. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-8] 9-88. The device consists of two serpents twined round a lily, with 
 the sun and moon above, and the words : In Sole. 
 
 Contains (pp. 9-10) Philosophisches Ratzel in deutsche Reime gebracht durch Phillip 
 Zesen von Fiirstenau. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 See CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein, 1747, p. 17. 
 
 GEHEIMNISS von dem Leben und Vermehrung alter Dinge, oder : Reine 
 Wahrheit der Hermetischen Philosophie, nebst dem darzu gehorigen 
 Hermetischen Schliissel, entworfen von einem Liebhaber der Chymie. 
 Drefsden und Leipzig, 1748. 
 
 8. Pp. 70. [2 blank? wanting.] 
 
 Fictuld says that the author takes the philosophers Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 67. 
 literally, so that these works are sophistical. 'La.&ra.g\K.,Bibliothe<jueOuvarop, Sciences Secretes, 
 Fictuld ought to know ! 1870, No. 1466. 
 
 GEHEIMNISS der Natur des Grofsen und Kleinen Bauers. 1731. 
 
 Sec GRASSHOFF (jOHANN). 
 
 GEHEIMNISS vom Salze. 
 
 Sec ELIAS ARTISTA. 
 
 GEHEIMNISS vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See GEBER, Chymische Schriften, 1751, p. 266. 
 
 See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 302. 
 
 This is a different translation from Morgenstern's. See GEHEIMNUSS des Philoso- 
 phischen Steins. 
 
 See SECRETA lapidis philosophic!. 
 
 GEHEIMNISS der Verwesung und Verbrennung alter Dinge. 
 
 See GEHEIMNUSS der Verwesung und Verbrennung aller Dinge. 
 
 GEHEIMNISSE von der Alchymie. 
 
 See H. (c. G.), Eines wahren Adept! besondere Geheinmisse von der Alchymie, 
 
 I757- 
 
 V 
 
306 GEffEnwNissErvrft^ -n-n TIO 
 
 GEHEIMNISSE aus der Geisterwelt, Magie und Alchymie beleuchtet und in 
 ihrer natiirlichen Gestalt dargestellt nebst Bemerkungen iiber physische und 
 politische Gegenstande zur Widerlegung ungegriindeter Meinungen und 
 Vorurtheile herausgegeben von einem Kosmopoliten. Frankfurt am Main, 
 in der Andreaischen Buchhandlung, 1795. 
 
 8. Pp. vi. 352. The title is quite misleading. It is a collection of short articles 
 on different topics arranged alphabetically. There is one on " Goldmachen," and one 
 on " Rosenkreuzer." 
 
 GEHEIMNISSE einiger Philosophen und Adepten, aus der Verlassenschaft ernes 
 alten Mannes. Erster Theil. Leipzig bey Christian Gottlob Hilscher, 1780.' 
 8. Pp. [2]. 187 [i of book advertisements], 2 plates. 
 
 The philosophers and adepts whose secrets are Arcanum arcanorum arcanissimum, p. 72. 
 
 herein contained are the following : Illustrissimi Principis Americani nomine Hold- 
 
 Lapis Philosophorum est Mater quasdam mult azob a Dachein Diuinum Sal Magistrale cuncta 
 
 arum filiarum, quarum una, scilicet sextogenita, si Metalla in Aurum tingens, p. 102. 
 
 Auus earn in uxorem ducat, eamque ad dexteram Arcanum. Dieses hat der Pater Jesuitarum, 
 
 suam collocet, pariet Filium, Rore Coeli & Pin- mil Namen Nicolai, besessen, p. in. 
 
 guedine Terras ditissimum, p. i. Diesen Universal-Procefs hat ein sterbender 
 
 Antonii a Terra F. R.C. Processus secretissimus Capuciner seinem geliebten Confratri, mil seinem 
 
 de Regni Astralis Virtute & in Sublunaria Corpora Blut unterschrieben, sub Sacramento hinterlassen, 
 
 potentia, p. 47. p. 150. 
 
 Ignatii a Lilienheim F.R.C. Processus de Mixtura prascipua Magistralis qua Sal Diuinum 
 
 Floribus ^Etheris captandis singularis, p. 58. Polychrestum acquiritur, cuius Inuentor Princeps 
 
 Processus Anonymi cujusdam de Materia chao- Americanus de Huldazob a Dachem, Philosophus 
 
 tica, p. 62. sine pari fuit, p. 160. 
 
 Martini de Delle, eines Maylanders, aus der Mysterium de Urina, daraus eine Tinctur zu 
 
 Stadt Vitri gebiirtig, und wahren Adepti vener- machen, mil welcher andere Metallen konnen in 
 
 abilis, F.R.C. Processus singularis de Materia Gold verwandelt werden, p. 173. 
 Chaotica, p. 67. 
 
 GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen. 
 
 See EROFFNETE GEHEIMNISSE des Steins der Weisen, 1708-1718. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, who has entered this book under have been so ; but seeing that the book contains 
 
 'Geheimnisse,' seems to think that it was an the date 1708, they surely could hardly hope to 
 
 attempt on the part of Liebezeit and Felginer to deceive the public by such an ostrich-like trick as 
 
 palm it off on the public as a new book. It may putting 1718 on the title-page. 
 
 GEHEIMNUSS des Philosophischen Steins. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 337 ; 1750, i. p. 409. 
 See GEHEIMNISS vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 HBTflDI TOp" 1 *) "HO ** Das Geheimnufs der Verwesung und Verbrennung aller 
 Dinge, nach seinen Wundern im Reich der Natur und Gnade, Macro et 
 Microcosmice, als die Schliissel : Dadurch der Weeg zur Verbesserung 
 eroffnet, das Verborgene der Creaturen entdecket, und die Verklarung des 
 sterblichen Leibes griindlich erkandt wird. 
 
 Joh. 12. Es sey dann, dafs das Weitzen-Korn in die Erden falle, und 
 ersterbe, so bleibts alleine, wo es aber erstirbt, so bringts viel Friichte. 
 i Petr. 3. Die Erde und die Wercke die drinnen sind werden verbrennen. 
 Zweyte und mit vielen curiosen Observationibus vermehrte Auflage. 
 Franckfurt am Mayn, Bey Johann Friedrich Fleischer, 1733. 
 8. Pp. 109 [i blank]. The tail piece is a coffin ! 
 
 According to Fictuld a person of the name of a person of great wisdom, and Fictuld recommends 
 
 Cron claimed to be the author, but did not know it in the highest degree, of whatever value that may 
 
 really anything about it. It was more probable be. In the Beytrag an edition Frankfurt, 1771, 8, 
 
 that the tract was written by von Loen, who was is quoted, and the book is called " theosophical, 
 
 'His Excellency the Resident' of the King of mystical, like most of the books on the subject of 
 
 Prussia at Frankfurt. In any case the author was our time." 
 
*?& GEHEMA 
 
 307 
 
 "HO . Continued. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 82. 
 Beytrag zitr Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 675- 
 
 'La.Anzg\iz J Bibliotheque Ouvaro/,Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1456. (The work is ascribed to 'S. E. 
 de Loen.') 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iv. p. 137. 
 
 GEHEMA (JAN ABRAHAM A). 
 
 Der krancke Soldat bittende dafs er hinfiihro besser moge conserviret, mitleidiger 
 tractiret, und vorsichtiger curiret werden. Allen hohen Generals-Persohnen 
 und brafen Officirern, die ihre Soldaten lieben, zu sonderbahren Nutzen. 
 Hierbey ist gefiiget eine kurtze Information fur die Feldscherer, wie sie 
 sich bey alien Wunden und blesfuren zu verhalten haben, und selbige nach 
 denen besten principiis curiren konnen. Sampt einer woleingerichteten 
 Feld-Apotecke. vorgestellet von Jano Abrahamo a Gehema, Eqvit. Polon. 
 Med. Doct. Ehmals gewesenen Capitain und Ritmeister. 
 
 Hiob. c. 6. v. 5. 14. Dafs Wild schreyet nicht, wann es Grafs hat, der 
 Ochse blotet nicht, wann er sein Futter hat. Wer Barmhertzigeit 
 seinem Nechsten wegert, der verlasset des Allmachtigen Furcht. 
 Verlegts Johann Adam Plener. Gedruckt im 1690. Jahr. 
 
 12. Not paged. Sigs. A to G. in twelves. Gi2 blank. Woodcut of a soldier 
 on Gn verso. 
 
 The ' Feld-Apotecke ' is interesting. 
 
 Der Qvalificirte Leib-Medicus. Abgebildet von D. Jano Abrahamo & Gehema 
 Eqvit. & Indig. Pol. Verlegts Johann Adam Plener. Gedruckt im 1690. 
 Jahr. 
 
 12. Not paged. Sigs. A, B, in twelves. Bi2 blank. 
 
 By Moller he is called Gehma. He was a Polish 
 knight and doctor of Medicine, and his father was a 
 Starost and a chamberlain of the King of Poland. 
 His father dying when he was 14 years of age, his 
 education was neglected and he was only trained 
 to the use of arms and went with his regiment to 
 Holland. During his stay at Utrecht and Leyden 
 he acquired a taste for learning, studied the philo- 
 sophy of Descartes, and having resigned his 
 position as captain of cavalry, devoted himself to 
 Medicine at the University of Leyden, under 
 Bpntekoe. After graduating he served as physician 
 with the Danish troops, and spent some time in 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 501. 
 
 yi&ngK\., Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,i-j'$i, 
 I. ii. p. 443. (Contains a notice of his work on 
 ' Plica polonica.') 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 749 (one of several writers on 
 military medicine). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 P- 33 6 - 
 
 Moller, Cimbria Literata, 1744, ii. p. 218. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 901. (This article is based on Moller's. ) 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomic etde la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 617. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 619. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la mldecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 322. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice, 1779, iii. 
 
 Holstein. Subsequently he became physician to 
 the Duke of Mecklenburg, the elector of Branden- 
 burg, who appointed him Fiscalis heraldicus to the 
 Academy of Sciences, and the King of Poland, 
 who made him a councillor. He was an ardent 
 disciple of his two teachers above mentioned and 
 defended them on all occasions. He was the 
 author of a considerable number of books and 
 dissertations on medical subjects, and he was 
 opposed to some of the medical practice of his 
 time. The year of his birth and of his death does 
 not seem to be known, but he was still living in 
 1703. 
 
 p. 518. (These contain lists of his works and 
 notices of his life and views. ) 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 256. 
 
 Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25). i y - P- 371- 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzntyktinde, 1827, iv. 
 P- 393- 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 115 (based on Moller). 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Mdi- 
 cales, 4 e S6rie, 1881, vii. p. 202. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 378, 1057. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 319 ; and 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 112. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der heruorragen- 
 dan Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 515 (article by H. Haeser). 
 
308 
 
 GEHLER GEMMA 
 
 GEHLER (JOHANN SAMUEL TRAUGOTT). 
 
 See FOURCROY (ANTOINE FRA^OIS DE), Chemische Philosophic, 1796. 
 
 history, physics and chemistry, and translated into 
 German a considerable number of the very best 
 works of the writers on these subjects. 
 
 He published a Physikalisch.es Worterbuch. 
 Leipz. , 1787-95, 4 vols., 8, to which two supple- 
 mentary volumes were added. 
 
 Gehler was born at Gorlitz, i Nov., 1751. He 
 studied law, and took his doctorate, gave mathe- 
 matical lectures at Leipzig University from 1776, 
 and was afterwards councillor and assessor of the 
 Superior Court at Leipzig, where he died, 16 Oct., 
 
 1795- 
 During his leisure he devoted himself to natural 
 
 Weiz, Das Gelehrte Sachsen, Leipzig, 1780. 
 
 Otto, Lexikon der Oberlausitz. Schriftsteller, I. 
 ii. p. 409. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1804, iv. p. 62. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 25). iv. p. 375- 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 867. 
 
 Dictionnaire encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- 
 cates, 4 e SeYie, 1881, vii. p. 205. 
 
 GEISSLER (FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Baum des Lebens ; das ist : Griindlicher Bericht vom wahrhafftigen Auro 
 Potabili, wie ingleichen vom Wunderbahren Stein der Weisen, oder Grofsen 
 Elixir derer Philosophen &c. als der Hochsten AReZney. &c. durch Friedrich 
 Geifslern, von Freyberg aus Schlesien, Medic. & Chymicum. 
 
 Syrach. ii. 8. Du solst nicht urtheilen, ehe du die Sache horest. 
 Erkenne es zuvor, und straffe es dann ; Lafs die Leuthe zuvor 
 ausreden, &c. 
 
 Auff Verlag Veit Jacob Treschers, Buchhandl. in Brefslau. Jena, druckts 
 Job. Nisius. 1683. 
 
 8. Pp. 64. 
 
 About Geissler I have found no more than what 
 he states on the above title-page, that he was of 
 Freyberg in Silesia, and was a physician and 
 chemist. Besides the above he wrote : Excellens 
 nostri viridis Panacea Leonis cabalistice desumta, 
 ex illo Sapientum Antiquorum tenigmate, visit abis 
 interiora terra, rectificando, invenies occultum 
 lapidem verce universes medicines, cum Jiguris, 
 Norimberg. , 1678, 12. 
 
 Lebens- und Todeslampe, Jena, 1682. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 41, No. Ixv. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 88. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Siein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 67 (pours 
 out his vials of vitriol upon him : "a sophistical 
 scribbler who has written such absurd follies and 
 ' whim-whams ' as nothing could be more foolish. 
 He has not the smallest notion of the Hermetic 
 philosophy, and his Aurum potabile is as different 
 
 In the title of the present work, the word AReZney 
 is a play on Arzeney, and Arez is a red earth from 
 which the genuine Menstruum Solis is obtained. 
 Borrichius thinks that this red earth is the residue 
 after the distillation of green vitriol, known as 
 colcothar. This is not unlikely. He evidently 
 was engaged with the substance, since in the title 
 of the Panacea Leonis he quotes the senigma or 
 anagram Vitriolum got from the initials of the 
 words after " visitabis. " 
 
 from the true, as arsenic from sugar candy," etc., 
 etc.). 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hiihern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 630, 634. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 26 
 (quotes a 1682 edition also of the above). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1109. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 232 ; 378, 
 3791 386. 
 
 See NERI (ANTONIO), Glafsmacher-Kunst, 1678. 
 
 GEISTLICHER Discurs und Betrachtung. 
 
 See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation, 1781. 
 
 GELBEN (Vom) und Rotten Mann, ein Philosophisches Werck und Gesprach. 
 See MELCHIOR Episcopus Brixiensis. 
 
 GEMMA (CORNELIUS). 
 
 De Naturae Divinis Characterismis ; seu raris & admirandis spectaculis, causis, 
 indiciis, proprietatibus rerum in partibus singulis vniuersi, Libri II. Auctore 
 D. Corn. Gemma, Louaniensi, Regio Medicinae professore, Peculiarem 
 
GEMMA GENERA TlONE 
 
 GEMMA (CORNELIUS). Continued. 
 
 partis vtriusque materiem vel argumentum sequens pagina planius explicabit. 
 Antverpiae, Ex officina Christophori Plantini, Architypographi Regij. 
 M.D.LXXV. 
 
 8. Pp. 1-16. [31, i blank] 17-229 [10, i blank]. 
 Tonius Secundus, pp. 284 [3, i blank]. Numerous woodcuts in the text. 
 
 Cornelius, the son of Reinerus, called Gemma 
 and Frisius, a distinguished physician, was born at 
 Louvain in 1534 (Adami), 28 Feb., 1535 (Biog. 
 Med.}. He was well trained in the Humanities by 
 his father, and in the University he studied 
 philosophy, mathematics, and medicine, in which 
 he took his license, being skilled both in the theory 
 and practice. He also acquired reputation as a 
 rhetorician and poet. In 1569, by the Duke of 
 Alba, he was appointed in succession to Nicholas 
 Biesius to the chair of medicine and taught with 
 much renown. In 1670 he took the degree of 
 doctor. 
 
 His two principal books are the above, and that 
 entitled Ars Cyclognomica, printed by Plantin at 
 Antwerp, 1569, 3 vols., 4, and said to be very rare. 
 Reimmann gives an account of it, and says that it 
 is a treatise on the method of study and learning 
 after the manner of Raymund Lully's Ars Brevis 
 (q.v.\ if not based upon it. 
 
 The present work is a disquisition on portents 
 and prodigies in nature of every description, with 
 their supposed connection with human affairs. 
 Monsters, of which he gives curious pictures, which 
 
 Miraeus, Elogia Belgica sive illustrium Belgii 
 scriptorum, 1609, p. 97. 
 
 Castellanus, Vita illustrium Medicorum, 1617, 
 p. 238. 
 
 Adami, Vitir. Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, 
 p. 238. 
 
 Van der Linden, De scriptis tnedicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 127. 
 
 Ghilini, Teatro cPHuotnini letterati, 1647, ii. 
 p. 220. 
 
 Jo. Andr, Quenstedt, Dialogus de patriis illus- 
 trium doctrina et scriptis Virorum, 1654, p. 115. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 226. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1239, pi. 55. (This article is all about the 
 father, Gemma Frisius.) 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian, literar- 
 iam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 173. 
 
 Teissier, Les Aloges des Hommes Savans, 1715, 
 i. pp. 224, 225, 226. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, 1. ii. p. 444. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732 (i. 2, 5, 39), i. p. 356 ; 
 (ii. 2, 2, 4), ii. p. 275 ; (ii. 3, i, 2), ii. p. 453. 
 
 Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 200 
 (with a portrait of Gemma). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 337- 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii., 
 col. 914. 
 
 GEMMA Gemmarum Alchimistarum. 
 See MEISNER (LORENTZ). 
 
 occur in other books on the same subject, were 
 viewed as special works of the Creator intended to 
 foretell or indicate coming events. 
 
 His views have not been much respected by 
 subsequent historians and biographers, but allow- 
 ance must be made for the change of ideas and 
 for the different ways of observing and interpreting 
 phasnomena which a lapse of three hundred years 
 entails and the expositions of Cornelius must be 
 regarded as illustrating the beliefs of his time. 
 
 There is want of agreement among his biographers 
 as to the cause and date of his death. Some say 
 that it was due to stone, others to the plague, 
 which seems more probable. 
 
 It took place on the 12 Oct., 1576 (Eloy), 1577 
 (Biog. Med.}, 1578 (Castellanus), 1579 (Adami), 
 Teissier says in his fortieth year, others imply in 
 his forty-second year, Adami says in his forty- 
 fifth year. 
 
 He was buried at Louvain, and left two sons : 
 Raphael, who became a canon of St. Peter's, and 
 Philip, who continued the tradition of the family 
 and became a physician. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1755. ' P- 339 : 1778, ii. p. 3 2 4- (Refers to the 
 star which appeared in Cassiopea, and attracted 
 the notice of Gemma, among many others.) 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 353. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 245. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirur^ica, 1774, i. p. 232. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medictnce practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 198. 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1780, p. 447, 
 and Anal. p. 653. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xv. p. 396. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 378. 
 
 Gamier & Quetelet, Correspondance Mathtmatique 
 et Physique, Gand, 1825-1835, i. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. 
 pp. 247, 268. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Medicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 288. 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1856, xvi. p. 137. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Glnerale, 1859, xix. col. 
 
 854. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1862, vii. p. 95. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 872. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 143. 
 
 GENERATIONS (De) Metallorum Tractatus. 
 See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 35-" 
 
GENTTERSBERGER GERCKEN 
 
 GENTTERSBERGER (SAMUEL). 
 
 Speculum utriusq; luminis Gratiae et Naturae, das 1st, Spiegel beyder Liechter 
 Natiirlichen vnd Vbernattirlichen : darinnen, durch hiilff der edlen Kunst 
 Chymise, neben erklarung der Natur vnd Eigenschafften der 7. Metallen, 
 so sie zum theil fur sich selbst, zum theil gegeneinander haben. 
 See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 403. 
 
 This title agrees practically with that of the 
 original edition of 1611, as given by Murr, to the 
 words : " sieben Metallen " ; then in the earlier 
 edition it runs thus : ' ' etc. die ungezweifelte Lehre 
 christl. Religion aus dem Licht der Natur abge- 
 bildet wird. And Murr adds venomously : " Wer 
 verkennt hier den Rosenkreuzerischen Unsinn ? " 
 
 Roth-Scholtz quotes the edition of Darmstadt, 
 1611, 8, as well as this reprint of Neander's. 
 
 Fictuld says the 1611 edition was published by 
 Tholde, but he professes not to know the author. 
 Whether Tholde got the MS. from some one else, 
 or wrote it himself, Fictuld does not discuss, but 
 his judgment is that it is "sophistical rigmarole." 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliolheca Chemica, 1727, p. 89. 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 68. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 The author styles himself Doctor of Philosophy 
 and medicine, and physician of the town Benfsheim 
 in the Palatinate. 
 
 Haller quotes Themata latrochemica, Marpurg, 
 1606, 4, by Samuel Geuttersberger. It is, of 
 course, quite possible that these may be two 
 different people, but it is also possible that one or 
 other of the names is a misprint, the origin of 
 which is obvious enough. Which of the two is the 
 correct form I am not prepared to say, but in the 
 present work the name is distinctly Genttersberger. 
 I have failed to find a notice of him. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 561, 
 notes. 
 
 Murr, Uber den uoahren Ursprung der Rosen- 
 kreuzer und des Freymaurerordtns, 1803, p. 22. 
 
 GEORGI (JOHANN GOTTLIEB). 
 
 Umstandliche Nachricht von den beriihmten Bestuschewschen Nerventinkturen, 
 oder sogenannten Lamottischen Tropfen. 
 See ALLGEMElN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1782, ii. p. 342. 
 
 The author of this report was born at Colberg in 
 Pomerania in 1738 (Meusel), or at Wachholzhagen 
 in Pomerania, 31 Dec., 1729. He was an apothe- 
 cary at Stendal, went to St. Petersburg in 1770, 
 travelled about in Russia at the request of the 
 Academy of Sciences, was made Adjunct of the 
 Academy in 1776, and in 1783 member. In 1799 
 he was made Russian Imperial ' Kollegienrath.' 
 He died at St. Petersburg, but the date of his death 
 is given variously: 13 Nov., 14 Nov., 1802; and 
 27 Oct. , 1802, old style. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon 
 der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, ii. 
 PP- 527:5 2 9; 1801, ix. p. 414. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 397, 
 398, &c., &c. 
 
 Alexis, Count of Riumin-Bestushev, was born at 
 Moscow in 1693. He had been raised to the 
 highest dignities of the empire, when he was 
 deprived of them all and exiled in 1758. Recalled 
 14 July, 1762, he had his property restored, and 
 was reinstated in the senate. With manly energy 
 he carried himself both in fortune and misfortune, 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 790. 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 149. 
 
 GEORGIUS, Praeceptor. 
 See DIALOGUS. 
 
 He wrote several works containing the results, 
 geographical, physical, anthropological, etc., of his 
 travels in Russia, translated Cronstedt's Mineralogy, 
 and contributed papers to the Academy of Sciences 
 on spontaneous inflammability, on Russian common 
 salt and its purification, analysis of the water of the 
 Neva, examination of Russian marbles, examination 
 of potashes, on the transformation of gypsum into 
 chalcedony, and writings on economics. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum (Chemia), 
 1803, pp. 69, 98, &c., &c. 
 
 Nova Acta Academics Scientiarum Itnperialis 
 Petropolitance, 1806, xv. p. 10. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 war terbuch, 1863, i. col. 876. 
 
 and died 21 April, 1766 (not in 1768). Six medals 
 were struck in commemoration of him. 
 
 The drug described in the present paper was 
 chloride of iron, though it was called a gold 
 tincture, and it made rather a commotion, and was 
 described by several chemists. 
 
 Hippolyte Kluyskens, Des Homines celebres dans 
 les Sciences et les Arts et des Medailles qui con- 
 sacrent leur Souvenir, Gand, 1859, i. p. 119. 
 
 GERCKEN (JOHANN). 
 
 Kurtzer Bericht von Uhrsprung, Krafft und Bereitung der Rohten Corallen 
 und fiirnemlich derer wahrhafften Tinctur, wie selbe musse beschaffen seyn, 
 
GERCkEN GERHARD 
 
 GERCKEN (JOHANN). Continued. 
 
 nebst dero Kennzeichen, dabey auch zugleich angefuhret wird, wie alle 
 bifsher in denen Apotheken befindlich gewesene Corallen-Tincturen keine 
 wahrhaffte und nicht aus deren inneren Wesen bestandene Tincturen, sondern 
 nur scheinbahre und veranderte Farben der aufgegossenen Spirituum seyn. 
 Von Johanne Gercken, Med. Doctore. Vormahligen Churfiirstl. Brandenb. 
 Leib-Medico, jetzo Physico beyder Stadte Brandenburg. Zum Druck 
 gegeben 1714. 
 
 8". Pp. 70. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz quotes an apparent continuation of date, and the judgment upon it is severely un- 
 
 the preceding : Curieuse und nutzliche Observa- favourable. 
 
 Hones oder Anmerckungen tiber die Corallen- Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer 
 
 Tinctur, Brandenburg, 1715, 8. In Keren der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 126. 
 Happuch ... he appears as the author of a work : Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 89. 
 Ultimum Apollinis Testament urn, without place or Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 120. 
 
 GERHARD (CARL ABRAHAM). 
 
 D. Carl Abraham Gerhard, Konigl. Preufs. Ober-Berg- Ober-Rechnungs- und 
 Ober-Bau-Raths, der Konigl. Acad. der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, und der 
 Kayserlichen Acad. der Naturforscher Mitgliedes, Beitrage zur Chymie und 
 Geschichte des Mineralreichs. Erster Theil. Berlin, 1773. De i Christian 
 
 Friedrich Himburg. 
 
 8. Pp. [6) 394. 2 plates. 
 
 Zweiter Theil. Mil 5. Kupfertafeln. 1776. Pp. [4] 300. 
 
 Gerhard was born at Lerchenbrunn, near Liegnitz, ' dissertatio ' was on the garnets of Silesia and 
 in Silesia, 26 (2) Feb., 1738, was a doctor of Bohemia (the pyrope), Francof. ad V. 1760, 4, 
 Medicine, and rose to be privy councillor for and thereafter his principal work related to miner- 
 finance, war, and crown lands in Prussia ; com- alogy, on which he published numerous researches, 
 missary for the administration of mines and smelting But he also wrote on geology, medicine, botany, 
 works, in 1779 councillor for mining. He was materia medica, natural history and chemistry, and 
 elected a member of several learned and scientific translate^ scientific travels, 
 societies. He died at Berlin, 9 March, 1821. His 
 
 Mt-usel, Das gelehrte Tentschland oder Lexikon Biographie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 der jetzt lebenden Teulschen Schri/tsteller, 1796, 25), iv. p. 393. 
 ii. p. 536; 1801, ix. p. 416. Krsch u. Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1855, 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chcmie, 1798, ii. pp. 474, Ix. p. 476 (article by H. Doring). 
 601, &c., &c. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Cominentationum (Chemia), worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 880. 
 
 1803, pp. 72, 174, 191. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 532. 
 
 GERHARD (JOHANN). 
 
 Commentatio perbrevis & perspicua in Apertorium Raimundi Lullii, verorum 
 Philosophorum facile Principis. De Lapide Philosophorum. Cum adjecta 
 Interpretatione Testament! Novissimi, Arnoldo de Villa Nova, attributi. 
 De eodem Lapide Autore Johanne Gerhardo D. & Medicinae Practicae 
 Professore publico & ordinario in Academia Tubingensi. 
 
 Rom. i. Invisibilia Dei, a Creatura Mundi, per ea quae facta sunt, 
 
 intellecta, conspiciuntur. 
 Tubingae Typis Philiberti Brunnii, Anno M.DC.XLI. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 96. 
 
 Johannis Gerhardi D. Exercitationes perbreves in Gebri Arabis Summi 
 Philosophi Chemici Libros Duos Summae Perfectionis : Cum Annexa Analysi 
 Partis Practicae Raimundi Lulli in Testamento. Tubingae, Typis Johan- 
 Alexandri Celll & Impensis Philiberti Brunnl. 
 
 8. Pp. 80. 
 
312 GERHARD 
 
 GERHARD QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 Analysis Partis Practice Raymundi Lullii in Testamento. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 778. 
 
 Exercitationes perbreves in Gebri Arabis . . . libros duos Sunimae perfectionis. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 598. 
 
 Panaceae Hermeticae, seu Medicinae Universalis Assertio ac Defensio Galeno- 
 Chymica, Cui adjecta sunt : Ventilatio ac Discussio arduse illius Quaestionis 
 in Medicina : Vtrum Aurum Obrizum foliatum aut in pollinem redactum, 
 aut etiam ignitum, in vino vel aqua destillata, vel alio liquore, extinctum, 
 intra corpus assumtum, Vsum & effectum habeat medicinalem salutarem ? 
 Arcanum Lullianum, seu Modus Secretissimus conficendi & componendi 
 Vniversalem Medicinam, per verum & genuinum Artis Spagyricae Artificium. 
 Auctore Johanne Gerhardo, Doctore & Prof. Med. Pract. Publ. & Ordinario 
 in Academia Tubingensi. 
 
 Hipp. Libr. de Arte. Artium ignotarum. Calumnia, proditio est propriae 
 
 inscitiae & malignae naturae. 
 
 Vlmae. Typis & impensis Balthasari Kiihnen, Reipubl. illius Typogr. Anno 
 M.DC.XL. 
 
 8. Pp. [28] 77 [i blank]. [2] 43 [i blank]. Arcanum Lullianum fa] 29 [i blank]. 
 
 GERHARD (JOHANN CUNRAD). 
 
 Extractum Chymicarum Quaestionum sive Responsionis ad Theoriam lapidis 
 philosophici editam in academia Regiomontana a quodam ibidem antichy- 
 mista. Vbi veritas Artis Chymicae etiam contra principia negantem asseritur 
 & multae difficiles & jucundae quaestiones discutiuntur : Auctore Johanne 
 Cunrado Gerhardo, M.D. Illustrium Comitum de Hoenloe & Civitatis 
 Oringanae Physico. Argentorati, Impensis Heredum Lazari Zetzneri. 
 
 Anno M.DC.XVI. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 132. Epigramma, [i], Colophon [i] : Argentorati, excudebat 
 Conradus Scher. Anno M.DC.XVI. [a blank]. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wants the a blank leaves. 
 
 The confusion which exists regarding the person not the 'Extractum.' Gmelin quotes). Conrad 
 
 or persons called Gerhard is found even in Borel, Gerhard only, calls him professor at Tubingen, 
 
 who was their contemporary. Under Joannes and assigns him all the preceding works, both the 
 
 Gerhard he puts Extractum Chymicarum quces- ' Extractum ' and the others. 
 
 tionum, and under J. Conrad Gerhard Qucestiones, Fuchs adds to our knowledge by calling J. 
 
 without anything more. This is different from Conrad Gerhard a doctor of philosophy, physician 
 
 what appears on the above title. to the Count of Hohenlohe, and ' Physicus ' at 
 
 Mercklin has two distinct entries : under J. Oehringen. He keeps the names distinct from one 
 
 Conrad Gerhard are put ' Extractum . . . quses- another, putting the ' Extractum ' and ' Tr. de 
 
 tionum' and 'Tractatus . . . de Chymiatria,' Chymiatria' under J. Conrad Gerhard and the 
 
 Basil. 1631 ; under J. Gerhard : ' Decas quaes- other four under Johannes Gerhard, thus simply 
 
 tionum . . . 1643'; 'Panacea Hermetica,' 1640; following Mercklin. 
 
 'Commentatio ... in Apertorium R. Lullii,' 1641 ; On the other hand, Schmieder, copying from 
 
 ' Exercitationes in Gebri . . . Libros,' 1635. Gmelin, knows of J. Conrad Gerhard only, calls him 
 
 Roth-Scholtz makes the same allotment, with the professor of medicine at Tubingen, and considers 
 
 omission altogether of the ' Tractatus de Chy- him the author of the Extractum, and of the Decas 
 
 miatria. ' Baumer mentions J. Gerhardus only, and Exercitationes in Gebri Summam as well, 
 
 calls him medical professor at Tiibingen, and Kopp, however, calls J. Gerhard the Tubingen 
 
 credits him with the same four writings : 'Decas,' Professor and the author of the Exercitationes in 
 
 'Panacea,' 'Commentatio 'and 'Exercitationes,' but Gebrum. He was four times Rector. 
 
GERHARD GESNER 313 
 
 GERHARD (JOHANN CUNRAD). Continued. 
 
 &ore\,Bibliolheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 103, 242, 266. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 
 Mercklin, I.indenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 557, 594. logicus, 1761, p. 480. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 89. Baumer, Bibliotkeca Chemica, 1782, p. 96. 
 
 Jacob L*eupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: Metallicee, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 518. 
 
 1732, p. 58. Fuchs, Repertorium, 1806, pp. 113, 135. 
 
 Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Hermetique, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 353. 
 
 1742, iii. pp. 67, 172. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 330. 
 
 GERMAIN (CLAUDE). 
 
 Icon Philosophic Occultae, sive vera methodus componendi magnum 
 antiquorum philosophorum lapidem. Auctore Magistro Claudio Germain 
 Parisino, Doctore Medico Vniversitatis Parisiensis. 
 
 Nihil est tarn absconditum, quod non aliquando manifestum fiat. 
 Parisiis, Apud Edmundum Couterot, via Jacobaea, ad insigne boni Pastoris. 
 M.DC.LXXII. Cum Priviligio Regis. 
 
 8. Pp. [52] 98 [i, i blank]. 
 
 Icon Philosophic Occultse, sive vera methodus componendi magnum antiquorum 
 philosophorum lapidem. Auct. Magistro Claudio Germain Parisino, Doctore 
 Medico Universitatis Parisiensis. 
 
 Nihil est tarn absconditum, quod non aliquando manifestum fiat. 
 Rotterodami, Typis viduc Arnoldi Leers, M.DC.LXXVIII. 
 
 12. Pp. [48] 48. 
 
 Abbildung der geheimen Filosofie. 
 
 See SCHRODER (F. j. w.), Neue Alchymistische Bibliothek, 1773, I. i. p. 280. 
 
 Icon Philosophise occultae. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 845. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 104. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 19, 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 246. 
 
 1697, p. 47, No. Ixxix. Schmieder, Geschichie der Alchemie, 1832, p. 432. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 90. 'LaAra.gw,BibliotJtequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secrttes, 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1870, No. 1086. 
 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. pp. 75, 98, 172. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 344, 353. 
 
 GERVASIUS (JULIUS), Schwartzburgicus. 
 
 See ABRAHAM ELEAZAR, 1760. 
 
 GESCHICHTE der menschlichen Narrheit. 
 See ADELUNG (JOHANN CHRISTOPH). 
 
 GESCHICKTE (Der) Chymicus welcher nicht nur unterschiedener beriihmter 
 Medicorvm vortrefliche Processe und Medicamenten griindlich und aufrichtig 
 entdecket ; sondern auch zeiget, in was fur Kranckheiten und auf was fur 
 Art dieselben zu gebrauchen. Jena, Verlegts Johann Rudolph Croker, 
 Buchhandler. 
 
 8". Pp. [8] 760. The date has been cut off. 
 
 GESNER (CONRAD). 
 
 De Secretis Remediis Liber aut potius Thesaurus, Evonymo Gesnero Philiatro 
 authore. Hie liber non solum medicis & pharmacopoeis, apprime neces- 
 sarius : sed omnibus reru naturalium, alchemic atq; ceconomise studiosis, in 
 
GESNER (CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 varijs turn stillatitijs liquoribus, turn vinis medicatis apparandis, ac singuloru 
 cognoscendis viribus, vtilis atque iucundus fuerit. Accedit iam recens Jacob! 
 Bessoni Galli de absoluta ratione olea & aquas e medicamentis simplicibus 
 extrahendi Liber doctissimus, nunquam ante hac in lucem aeditus. 
 In utroque icones ad rerum declarationem passim adijciuntur (sic). 
 8. Pp. 580. Index [38]. 10 woodcuts. 
 
 Colophon, after the index : Tiguri per Andream Gessnerum F. Anno Domini 
 M.D.LIIII. Besson's tract is wanting in this copy. 
 
 The title of this edition as given by Brunei (Manuel, ii. 1565) is quite different from 
 the above. 
 
 Tresor des Remedes Secretz, par Evonyme Philiatre. Liure Physic, Medical, 
 Alchymic, & Dispensatif de toutes substantiates liqueurs, & appareil de vins 
 de diuerses saueurs, necessaire a toutes gens, principalement a Medicins, 
 Chirurgiens, & Apothicaires. A Lyon, Chez Antoine Vincent. M.D.LIX. 
 Auec Priuilege de la maieste Royalle. 
 
 8. Pp. [47, i blank] 440. Index [6] [last leaf (E8) blank? wanting], 62 wood- 
 cuts of plants and apparatus. Some of the woodcuts have been roughly coloured 
 yellow and blue by hand. 
 
 This translation was made by Barthelemy Aneau, and the dedication is to Maistre 
 Simon Guy, Surgeon. It first appeared at Lyons in 1555. For a notice of Aneau see 
 under his name. 
 
 A new booke of destillatyon of waters, called the Treasure of Evonymus, 
 containing the wonderful hid secrets of nature, touching the most apt formes 
 to prepare & destill Medicines, for the conseruation of helth : as Quintessence. 
 Aurum Potabile, Hyppocras, Aromaticall wynes, Balmes, Oyles, Perfumes, 
 garnishing waters, & other manifold excellent confections. Whereunto are 
 ioyned the forms of sondry apt Furnaces, and vessels required in this art. 
 Translated (with great dilligence, & labour) out of Latin, by Peter Morwyng, 
 felowe of Magdaline Colledge, in Oxforde. Whereunto is added a profitable 
 table or Index for the better finding of al such waters as serue aswel for 
 medicines, as also for the principal matters or other, conteyned in the booke. 
 Imprinted at London by John Day, dwellyng ouer Aldersgate, beneath Saynt 
 Marlines. Cum priuilegio Regime Maiestatis. 
 
 4. Title leaf; A, B ; B to Y, Aa to Yy, AA to K.K., all in fours ; or pp. [18] 408 
 [16]. On KKiii verso is the Colophon : Imprinted at London by John Day, dwelling 
 ouer Aldersgate beneath S. Martins. The fyrst of June. 1565. Cum priuilegio Regime 
 Maiestatis. On KKiiii recto : the Stationers' Arms. The same design appears on 64 
 verso, after the Table. Black letter. 58 woodcuts of plants and apparatus in the text. 
 
 In addition to the woodcuts of plants, etc. , the capitals are occasionally embellished 
 with drawings, some of which are rather humorous. 
 
 A peculiarity in this book is that the lines in each page are numbered by tens on the 
 margin. This is made use of in the Index for facilitating reference. 
 
 There is a considerable number of misprints in the pagination, but the book is 
 perfect. 
 
 Kostlicher Artzneyschatz defs wolerfaren vnnd weytberiimpten Evonymi 
 Philiatri : Darinnen behalten sind viel heimlicher bewarter Artzneystucken 
 furnemlich aber die art vnnd eigenschafft der gebranten Wasseren vnd Oelen : 
 Sampt grundtlicher Beschreibung, wie man die selbigen nit nun artig 
 zubereiten, sondern auch nutzlich vnd heilsamlich gebrauchen solle : Defs- 
 gleychen von bereitung allerhand Weinen, vnd wie den abgestandnen durch 
 
GESNER (CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 hilff der gebranten Wassern, Gewiirtzen vnnd anderley Materi widerumb 
 zuhelffen sey. Alles mit lieblichen schonen Figuren angezeigt vnd vorge- 
 stellet : den Alchymisten, Haufs- und Ehehalten, sonderlich aber den 
 Barbierern, Wundartzten, Apoteckern, vnd andern der Artzney liebhabern 
 zulasen und zugebrauchen, so wol lustig als nutzlich vnnd nohtwendig. 
 Erstlich durch obbemelten Philiatrum in Latein beschrieben : hernach von 
 Johan Rudolph Landenberger von Ziirych ins Teutsch vbersetzt, vnnd nun 
 an viel orten vermehret, mennigklichem zu gutem in den Truck verfertiget. 
 Getruckt zu Ziirych im Jar MDCVIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 353 [15]. Title red and black. Woodcuts. 
 
 The first part was translated by Johann Rudolph Landenberger. The second part 
 has a separate title-page, which states clearly the author, the editor, and the translator : 
 
 Defs kostlichen Artzneyschatzes Evonymi Philiatri Ander theil : Darinnen von 
 allerhand kunstlichen vnd bewarten Oelen, Wasseren vnnd heimlichen Artzneyen, zu 
 allerley defs Leibs innerlichen vnd eiisserlichen Kranckheiten zugebrauchen, gehandlet 
 wirt. Sampt derselben ordenlichen bereitung und darzugehorigen nothwe^digen 
 schonen Figuren : Erstlich durch Weiland den Hochberiimpten Herren Conrad 
 Gefsner, der Artzney Doctorn, zusamen getragen, volgends durch Herrn Caspar 
 Wolffen, auch der Artzney Doctorn, in Latein beschrieben : Newlich aber derloblichen 
 Teutschen Nation vnd der Lateinischen Sprach vnerfahrnen, zu gutem, auffs trewlichste 
 verteiitschet, durch Johann Jacob Nuscheler, der Artzney D. zu Ziirych. Getruckt 
 zu Ziirych im Jar MDCVIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [ 4 ] 288 [16]. 
 
 See LIEBAUT (JEAN), Quatre Livres des Secrets de Medecine. M.VI.C. 
 
 Conrad Gesner was born at Zurich in 1516, in 
 the very poorest circumstances, studied at Stras- 
 burg, Bourges, and Paris, and on his return to his 
 native town had to take a poor situation in a school. 
 He next went to Basel, studied medicine, spent 
 three years in Lausanne as professor of Greek, 
 studied medicine further at Montpellier, took the 
 degree of M.D. in Basel, and was appointed to the 
 professorship of Ethics and Physics in Zurich, an 
 office which he held for twenty- four years, at the 
 same time practising medicine with success. He 
 died at Zurich, 13 Dec., 1565, of the plague, in his 
 49th year. 
 
 He was a man of the greatest ability and of 
 extraordinary diligence as is obvious from the 
 quality and amount of the work which he left 
 behind and which procured him the title of the 
 German Pliny. He wrote books on all branches of 
 Natural History especially on animals, collections 
 on surgery, mineralogy, botany, on philology, 
 learning, philosophy, medicine, and the present 
 work De Remediis Secretis, and he was the first to 
 compile a universal catalogue of books which was 
 published in 1545, and went through several 
 editions. There is no more notable man in the 
 history of learning and of science in the sixteenth 
 century than Gesner. 
 
 The first edition of this famous book appeared 
 anonymously, or pseudonymously, or rather Evony- 
 mously, at Zurich in 1552. It is unknown to most 
 of the bibliographers, who usually quote that of 1554 
 as the first. The first edition does not contain 
 Besson's tract. Subsequent editions are: Lugd., 
 Arnoullet, 1554; Lugd., Vincent, 1555; Arnollet, 
 1555; Venet. 1556; Lugd. 1558; Francof. 1578; 
 Lugd. 1620; s.l. et a., with Froschover's device. 
 Brunei mentions an edition, Zurich, 1558. The 
 German translation appeared at Zurich in 1555, 
 1582, 1583, 1608. 
 The French translation, by Barthelemy Aneau, 
 
 was published at Lyons by Balthazar Arnoullet, 
 1555, small 4 ; 1557, 8 C , and as above in 1559, an 
 edition not mentioned in the Catalogues. 
 
 The Italian translation was published at Venice, 
 1560, 8. 
 
 The English translation by Peter Morwyng was 
 first printed by John Day at London, 1559, in 4. 
 The edition of 1565 is printed page for page but 
 not line for line, with that of 1559. An edition of 
 1564 is quoted by Gmelin (Geschichte, \. p. 342); 
 but I have not seen it, and it is probably an error. 
 In Dibdin'sAmes, Typ. Antiq, iv. p. 71, No. 1915; 
 p. 104, No. 1944 ; p. 139, No. 2016, editions dated 
 respectively 1559, 1565, 1575, are described. I 
 have not seen an edition of 1575, and it is men- 
 tioned only on the strength of Herbert's notes. 
 
 The book is interesting as a record of the 
 Chemistry known by Gesner, the greatest natur- 
 alist, polyhistor and bibliographer of his time. It 
 deals with distillation and is the forerunner of the 
 books of Glauber and French, as it is the successor 
 of those of Brunswicke and Ulstadt. It gives an 
 account of plants to be distilled (with drawings of 
 them), of furnaces and other apparatus, and the 
 methods of getting the virtues out of plants, 
 animals, and minerals, and their uses in effecting 
 cures. It evinces considerable knowledge of 
 practical pharmaceutical chemistry as then prac- 
 tised, especially as the author admits his want of 
 skill in the art. It contains some singular remedies, 
 and some curious ideas. 
 
 In 1569, after Gesner's death, a second part was 
 printed at Zurich by Froschover, in 8. It was 
 edited by Caspar Wolff or Wolfius, and no mystery 
 is made in it of Gesner being the author. It was 
 reprinted at Franckfurt, 1578. The German trans- 
 lation by Nuscheler was first published at St. 
 Gallen, 1583, 4. The above edition of 1608 is a 
 reprint. 
 
GESMER 
 
 GESNER (CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 It was translated into English by George Baker, 
 and, under the title The Newe Jewell of Health, was 
 printed at London by Henry Denham, in 1576, 4. 
 B.L. It was reissued in 1599 by Peter Short, in 
 4, with the title : T/te Practise o f the new and old 
 Phisicke, 
 
 In Gesner's sketch of himself {Bibliotheca, ed. 
 Simler & Frisius, Tigur, 1583, p. 138, col. b, 1. 40 
 sqq.) he refers to the present work which he admits 
 publishing anonymously because he was not quite 
 satisfied with it ; 1558 is given as the date of the 
 first and of the second edition as well. This is 
 apparently a double error, either a misprint, or a 
 bit of forgetfulness on Gesner's part. About some 
 of the editions he appears rather vague, but he has 
 said correctly that Besson's tract was appended to 
 
 Pantaleon, Prosopographia, Basil. 1566, Pars iii. 
 p. 481. (The portrait here given is spurious, and 
 is used to pourtray other people. See pp. 398, 
 426.) 
 
 Simler, Vita C. Gestieri, Zurich, 1566, 4. 
 
 Joh. Sambucus, /cones, Antverp. 1574, and 
 1603, p. 33. 
 
 Theod. Beza, /cones, 1580, fol. Rj. 
 
 Autobiographical sketch in the Bibliotheca, ed. 
 Simler and Frisius, 1583, pp. 136-142. 
 
 Nicol. Reusner, /cones, 1587. Rvij recto. 
 
 Boissardus, /cones, 1599, iv. pp. 130-153. 
 
 Adami, Vita Germanorum Medicorum, 1620, pp. 
 146-172. 
 
 Van der Linden, De script is medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 122. 
 
 Ghilini, Teatro d' Huomini letterati, Venet. 
 1647, i. p. 40. ' 
 
 Boissardus, Bibliotheca Chalcographica, 1650, 
 
 Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini letterali, Venetia, 
 1666, i. pp. 26-29, w ' tn a portrait. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindeniusrenovatus, 1686, pp. 206-210. 
 Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, Francof. 
 
 1687, p. 389. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 
 1688. p. 1255, PI. 56. 
 
 I'ope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 
 Genev. 1710, p. 661. 
 
 Reimman, Einleitung in die Historian liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, Halle, 1710, III. iii. pp. 
 
 7S 6 - 794- 
 
 Teissier, Eloges, 1715, h. p. 195. 
 
 Joh. Fabricius, Historia Bibliotheca Fabriciance, 
 1719, iii. pp. 96-106. 
 
 J. A. Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, 1726, xiii. 
 p. 123 (Elenchus Medicorum Veterum). 
 
 Gottlieb Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der 
 Gelahrheit, Jena, 1727, p. 21. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chcmica, 1727, p. 67. 
 
 Gottlieb Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der 
 Medicinischen Gelahrheit, Jena, 1731 (in connection 
 with medicine and natural history), passim. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 465. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732 (i. i. 18. 5), p. 197 ; 
 (i. 4. 3. 9), p. 742 ; (i. 4. 4. 5), p. 750 ; (ii. 2.* 14. 5), 
 p. 343; (111. 7. i. 7), p. 604. 
 
 Niceron, Mdmoires, 1732, xvii. pp. 337-371. 
 
 Douglas, Bibliographies Anatomica Specimen, 
 
 1734, P- 74- 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, x. col. 1290. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 340. 
 
 Ma.ilta.ire, A nnalium Typographicorum Tomus V. 
 Index, 1741, p. 438. 
 
 the second edition, and not to the first. The 
 present is the second edition. 
 
 The present edition, 1554, which is not mentioned 
 by Brunei, seems to have been the first of Jacques 
 Besson's tract. Brunei quotes an edition of 1559 
 (of which there is a copy in the British Museum 
 (B. 214 (2) ). It was Iranslaled inlo French by Ihe 
 aulhor, and a parallel edition in Lalin and French 
 was published at Paris, by Galiot Du Pre, 1571, 4, 
 according to Brunei. It was enlarged by Ihe 
 addilion of a second book. The French version 
 afterwards appeared by ilself: Art et Moyen Par- 
 f aict de tirer Huyles et Eaux, de tous Medicaments 
 simples fr Oleogineux (sic), Paris, Galiol Du Pre\ 
 1573, small 8, A-D in eights, or ff. 31 (misnumbered 
 for 32). There is said to have been another edition 
 at Paris in 1580, 8. 
 
 Brucker, Ehren-tcmpel der Dcutschcn Gelehrsam 
 keit, 174.7, Erstes Zehend, pp. 21-25. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 968. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 
 1751, i. p. 73, &c., &c. 
 
 Casimir Christ. Schnjiedel, Life prefixed to 
 Gesner's Opera Botanica, Norimb. 1753, fol. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mfdecine, 
 1755, i, p. 406 ; 1778, ii. p. 337. 
 
 MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 
 
 1759, V. ii. p. 179. 
 
 David Clement, Bibliotheque Curieuse, Leipzig, 
 
 1760, ix. pp. 145-171. 
 
 Mazzuchelli, Museum Mazzuchellianum, Venet. 
 1761 ; notice of Gesner, i. p. 308. Portrait 
 medal, Tavola, Ivii. No. iv. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. pp. 282-292. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 188. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 210. 
 
 Leonard Meister, Beriihmte Zuricher, Basel, 
 1782, Th. i. pp. 277-299. 
 
 Gotlfried Emanuel von Haller, Bibliothek der 
 Schweizer-Geschichte, 1785, ii. Nos. 821-830 (Life 
 of Gesner) ; i. & ii. Index (for Gesner's writings). 
 
 Sloever, Life of Sir C. Linnceus, 1794, p. 55. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ' PP- 
 351-354- 
 
 Biographie Medicalc, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 400 (article by Jourdan). 
 
 Johann Hanhart, Conrad Gessner, Winterlhur, 
 1824, 8. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, 
 iii. passim. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 Mtdecine, 1835, II. ii. p. 532. 
 
 Emil Isensee, Die Geschichte der Medicin, Ber- 
 lin, 1840, i. p. 232. 
 
 Charles Hamillon Smith, Memoir of Gesner pre- 
 fixed lo Sir Wm. Jardine's The Naturalists* 
 Library, vol. xii., Edinburgh, 1844. 
 
 Lettres de Gui Patin, . . . par J.-H. Reveille- 
 Parise, 1846, ii. p. 247. 
 
 H. Leberl, Conrad Gesner als Arzt, Zurich, 1854, 
 8. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mldicale, Paris, 
 1855, i. p. 236. 
 
 Philippe, Geschichte der Apotheker, ed. Ludwig, 
 1855, p. 416. 
 
 Biographie Universelle (1856), xvi. pp. 361-364 
 (arlicle by Cuvier). 
 
 Ernsl H. F. Meyer, Geschichte der Botanik, 
 Konigsberg, 1857, iv. p. 322. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1857, 
 Ixiv. pp. 345-358 (arlicle by Escher). 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gdntrale, 1858, xx. col. 339. 
 
GESNERGESPRECH 317 
 
 GESNER (CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 Rud. Wolf, Biographien zur Kulturgeschichte Heinrich Haeser, Lehrbuch der Geschichte dtr 
 
 der Schweiz, Zurich, 1858, i. p. 15. Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 10, 115, 148, 165, 207. 
 
 Graesse, Trtsor de Livres rares, 1862, iii. pp. Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 
 67-69. cales, 1882, 4 e Serie, viii. pp. 633-638 (article by L. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Hahn). 
 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 887. Ferguson, ' Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' 
 
 Paul-Antoine Cap, tndes Biographiques, 2* Transactions of the Archceologlcal Society of 
 
 Serie, 1864, p. 47. Glasgow, 1883, ii. pp. 187-189, 251 ; 1885, i. pp. 
 
 Figuier, Vies des Savants illiistres (La Renais- 217-18, 444-46. 
 
 Fance), 1868, pp. 231-269. Billings, Index Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 398. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1879, ix. pp. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 107-120 (article by J. Mahly). genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 538. 
 
 GESPRACHE des Eudoxi und Pyrophili, uber den Uralten Ritter Krieg. 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1707, p. 57. 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph, 1765, p. 57. 
 
 GESPRACH vom Gelben und Roten Mann. 
 
 See MELCHIOR, Cardinal et Episcopus Brixiensis. 
 
 GESPRACH von der Kunst Alchimisterey. 
 
 See C^SAR (THEOPHILUS), Alchimey-Spiegel, 1613. p. 86. 
 
 GESPRACH vom Lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p- 44- 
 Also called Gesprach von Steine der Weisen. 
 
 GESPRACH zwischen dem Merkur, einem Alchemisten und der Natur. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). 
 
 GESPRACH zwischen Vatter und Sohn. 
 
 See ERLAUTERTE und aus der Erfahrung erwiesene Wahrheit des Goldmachens 
 . . . abgehandelt in einem angestellten Gesprache zwischen Vatter und 
 Sohn, 1767. 
 
 GESPRACH zwischen dem weisen Saturn und einem Chemisten von der 
 Materie und Vorarbeit des Steins. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 209. 
 
 An extract only. 
 See v. (j. R.), Giildene Rose. 
 
 GESPRACH. 
 
 See also COLLOQUIUM, DIALOGUS, ZUEIGNUNGS-GESPRACHE. 
 
 GESPRACHE (Ein) zwischen dem Konig Mascos, seiner Schwester Agos und 
 einem Hermetischen Lehr-Jiinger von dem Stein der Weisen zu fernerer 
 Erlarung des Chaos und der Arbeit. 
 See FICTULD (HERMANN), Chymische Schrifften, 1734, p. 199. 
 
 GESPRECH (Ein). 
 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1598, Tractatus iii. p. 200. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, 1610, Appendix Tomi Primi, 
 
 P- 351- 
 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunstkammer], p. 351. 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708, p. 312. 
 
318 GETREUEGIROLAMI 
 
 GETREUE (Der) Eckhart. 
 
 See ETTNER (JOHANN CHRISTOPH VON). 
 
 GIGAS (CASPAR), Respondent. 
 
 Dissertatio Chimica de Antimonio. 
 See ROLFINCK (WERNER), 1660. 
 
 GILBERTUS, Patriarch zu Constantinopel. 
 Tractat vom Stein der Weissen. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 147. 
 
 GIN^ECEVM Chimicum seu Congeries Plurium Authorum qui in Artem 
 Hermeticam de Lapide Philosophico scripserunt, quorum Tractatus nee in 
 Theatre, aut alio Volumine usque adhuc simul impressi fuerunt. Supra- 
 dictorum turn librorum turn Authorum catalogus sequent! pagina continetur. 
 In Gratiam Studiosorum Animorum qui huius Artis notitiam sectantur. 
 Volumen Primum. Lugduni, M.DC.LXXIX. Apud lo: de Treuis. 
 
 8 - P P- [4] 7 2 7 blank]. 
 
 This appears to be all that was published. It is mentioned but not described by 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy (Histoire de la Philosophic HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 43), from which 
 it may be inferred that he had not seen a copy at that time, otherwise he would have 
 undoubtedly enumerated the contents. 
 
 Geber, Summa Perfectionis magisterii, p. i. Quibus Appendicis loco accessit : 
 
 Geber, Liber investigationis, p. 164. i. H. Aquilse Thuringi ex Manuscripto 
 
 Georgius Horn, Medulla Alchimiae in aphorismos doctrina, p. 510. 
 
 contracta ex Gebro desumpta, p. 179. 2. Ex Epistola Eduardi Kellaei, p. 512. 
 
 Joannes Braceschus, De Alchemia Dialog! duo : 3. Fragmentum ex Theorijs Joannis Isaaci 
 
 Prior Gebri sensum explicans, p. 212; Hollandi, p. 513. 
 
 Alter Lignum vitse nominatus, Raimundi doc- Liber de principijs naturalibus, & principijs 
 
 trinam, & misteria occulta artis pandens,p.332. Artis, p. 517. 
 
 Brevis Libellus Minera Philosophorum dictus, Joannes Dausten, Visio in Chimicam, p. 548. 
 
 p. 349. Avicenna, De mineralibus liber parvus, p. 554. 
 
 Libellus alter, siv restrictus theoricus, Radius ab Alexander Rex, Epistola abditam Philosophic! 
 
 Vmbra vocatus cum eitisdem authoris brevi dialogo, lapidis compositionem declarans, p. 561. 
 
 p. 368. Opusculum philosophic! lapidis secreta metha- 
 
 Oliverius de Oliverijs, Tractatus duo, Vnus de phorice describens, 566. 
 
 lapide philosophico conficiendo, Alter de auro Merlinus Allegoria profundissimum Lapidis 
 
 potabili, p. 415. arcanum perfecte continens, p. 569. 
 
 Panthaleon, Bifolium metallicum, sive medecina Recaidib, Veradianus, Rhodianus, & Kalid Rex 
 
 duplex pro rnetallis & hominibus, p. 453. Persaram : Fragmentum de Materia Phisici La- 
 Joannes Belye, Tractatus singularis chimicus, pidis, p. 573. 
 
 p. 49 cj. Lux Obnubilata suapte natura refulgens : yera 
 
 Bernardus Trevirensis, Tractatus de lapide de lapide Philosophico Theorica, Pars prima, 
 
 philosophorum, p. 503. p. 579- 
 
 GIRARD DE TOURNUS (JACQUES). 
 See BACON (ROGER), 1629. 
 
 GIROLAMI (FLAVIO). 
 
 Nuova Minera d'oro di Flavio Girolami. Nella quale con viue, & efficacissime 
 ragioni de' Scrittori famosissimi si dimostra, L'Arte Chimica esser verissima, 
 e con la Piera Filosofica potersi far 1'Oro. Con le risposte a quelli c' hanno 
 scritto contra taP Arte, & alle obiettioni, che si possono far' alP Auttore; 
 ilquale a pieno manifesta la grandissima potenza, e gli marauigliosissimi 
 effetti del vero Lapis Philosopher urn, e la natura, lodi & eccellenze de gli 
 Alchimisti. Opera veramente piena di vaga, e bella dottrina : a i Lettori 
 
GIROLAMIGLASER 319 
 
 GIROLAMI (FLAVIO). Continued. 
 
 diletteuole, & vtile : & a gli professori dell' Arte necessaria, & opportuna. 
 Con Privilegi. 
 
 Virtus Securitatem Parit. 
 
 In Venetia, M.D.LXXXX. Appresso Barezzo Barezzi. 
 4. Pp. [8] 171 [12, i blank]. Vignette. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 105. Gmelin, Geschichte der CAemfe, 1797, i. p. 298 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, (calls him Girolari). 
 
 1697, p, 45, No. Ixxv. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ; 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1869, ii. p. 126 (calls him Girolari). 
 Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 174. 
 
 GISE (GERARD). 
 
 De Tinctura Aurea, sive Medicina fere Universali ejus Materia Prseparatione, 
 viribus, & usu : in morborum ultionem, ad vitam longam. a Gerardo Gise, 
 Phil. & Med. Doct. Diversorum Principum, Comitumque Archiatro, Dioecesis 
 Monasteriensis Medico, & Consule ultra 25. annos primario : ^tatis suae 
 anno 85. notificata. Warendorpii, Impressum a Christophoro Nagel, 1704. 
 Reimpressum Bonnse 1728. a Leonardo Rommerskirchen, Serenissimi 
 Principis ac Electoris Colon. Typogr. Aulico. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] 80. 
 
 The second tract is a German abstract of the preceding. 
 
 Tinctura Aurea, oder Medicina fere Universalis : In mehrentheils schwaren und 
 durch gemeinen Mitteln sonsten vor incurabel-gehaltenen Kranckheiten, niitzlich zu 
 gebrauchen. Durch Gerardum Gise, Phil. & Med. Doct. Vieler Fiirstlich- und 
 grafflichen Persohnen Leib- und Land- Medicum, auch iiber 25. Jahr allhier q. 
 Regierenden Burgernieistern, im 85Sten Jahr seines Alters den Krancken zum Trost 
 und schleuniger Hiilff publicirt. Im Jahr 1740. Warendorff: Getruckt bey 
 
 Christoph Nagel, 1728. Zu Bonn getruckt bey Leonard Rommerskirchen, Churn 1 . 
 Hoff- Buchhandler und Buchtrucker. 
 
 Pp. 30. 
 
 De Tinctura Aurea, sive Medicina fere Universali ejus Materia Praeparatione, 
 viribus, & usu : in morborum ultionem, ad vitam longam. a Gerardo Gise, 
 Phil. & Med. Doct. Diversorum Principum, Comitumque Archiatro, Dicecesis 
 Monasteriensis Medico, & Consule ultra 25. annos primario : ^tatis suae 
 anno 85. notificata. Warendorpii, Impressum a Christophoro Nagel, 1704. 
 Reimpressum Bonnae, 1728. a Leonardo Rommerskirchen, Serenissimi 
 Principis ac Electoris Colon. Typogr. Aulico. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] 80. 
 This contains only the first tract, not the German abstract. 
 
 GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE). 
 
 Novum Laboratorium Medico-Chymicum. Das ist : Neu-eroffnete Chymische 
 Artzney- und Werck-Schul, in drey Biicher abgetheilet ; Das erste stellet vor 
 eine kurtze, doch deutliche, Unterrichtung aller der jenigen Stucke, welche 
 zu der Grund-Lernung, oder Theorie, dieser edlen Wissenschafft nothwendig 
 erfordert, und verstanden werden miissen. Das zweyte entdecket die iiblichen 
 Kunst- und Handgriffe, vermittelst welcher alle natiirliche Corpere, des 
 Vegetabilischen, Animalischen und Mineralischen Retches, Feuer-kiinstig 
 bereitet, und in ihr subtilstes Krafft-Wesen gebracht werden ; samt bey- 
 gefiigtem Bericht, wie und worzu ein jedes, so wol in der Medicin, als 
 
320 GLASER 
 
 GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE). Continued. 
 
 Chirurgie, nutzlich gebrauchet werden soil Das dritte begreiffet, in dreyen 
 unterschiedlichen Abtheilungen, in sich, hundert und neun Chymische und 
 geheime, so wol allgemeine, als sonderbare Genafs- und Heil-Mittel ; Welche 
 aus den besten und beriihmtesten Authoribus zusammen gelesen, und also 
 erstesmals in Frantzosischer Sprache verabfasset worden durch C. G. Anjetzo 
 aber, wegen seiner sonderbaren Nutzbarkeit, denen Liebhabern dieser Kunst 
 zu lieb, in das Hoch-Teutsche ubersetzet von Johann Marschalck Austriaco, 
 Medic. Licentiate & Chymico. Deme beygefiigt ein Anhang, handlend 
 von dem Grund und Erkanntnifs der Natur, der Elementen, und aller 
 elementirten Dinge, wie auch von derselben Gebahrung, Ernahrung, und 
 Zerstorung Niirnberg, In Verlegung Michael und Johann Friderich 
 Endtern, 1677. 
 
 8. Pp. [56] 666 [13, i blank]. Engraved title, 6 plates of apparatus. Wants 
 pp. 461-464. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wants 2 plates of apparatus. Inserted is a view of the hot baths at Bolckenstein. 
 
 Chimischer Wegweiser, das ist, sichere Anweisung zur Chimischen Kunst 
 darinnen durch einen kurtzen Weg und leichte Handgriffe gewiesen wird, 
 wie man allerley Artzneyen durch die Chimie bereiten kan. Erstlich in 
 Frantzosischer Sprach beschrieben von Christophoro Glaser, Ordinar-Apotheker 
 des Koniges und Ihrer Durchleuchtigkeit des Hertzogs von Orleans in Parifs ; 
 Anitzo aber auff Begehren in unsere Teutsche Sprache ubersetzet von einem 
 Philochimico. Jena, Verlegts Johann Jacob Bauhofer. Anno 1677. 
 
 12. Pp. [22, 2 blank] 528 [12]. Front margin of the title cut in. 3 folding plates. 
 Translated by Jean Menudier. 
 
 Chimischer Wegweiser, das ist, sichere Anweisung zur Chimischen Kunst, 
 Darinnen durch einen kurtzen Weg und leichte Handgriffe gewiesen wird, 
 wie man allerley Artzneyen durch die Chimie bereiten kan. Erstl. in 
 Frantzosischer Sprach beschrieben von Christophoro Glaser, Ordinar- 
 Apothecker des Koniges und Ihrer Durchlauchtigkeit des Hertzogs von 
 Orleans in Paris ; Anietzo aber auf Begehren in unsere Teutsche Sprache 
 ubersetzet von einem Philochimico. Jena, Verlegt von Matthai Birckners 
 seel. Erben, [1710]. 
 
 12. Pp. [12] 528. Contents [12]. Title red and black. Engraved title, 
 included in the pagination. Three plates of apparatus. Damaged at the end. This 
 is a reprint of the preceding. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wants the plates. 
 
 Christopher Glaser was born at Basle, came to and exaggeration of an unfavourable judgment 
 Paris, was demonstrator to Vallot, Professor of upon Glaser. As it is one-sided it requires con- 
 Chemistry in the Jardin du Roi, and was Apothe- siderable justification before it can be accepted, 
 cary to the King and Duke of Orleans. For a He was involved in the poisoning case of the 
 short time he was the teacher of Lemery, who Marchioness de Brinvilliers, and was sent to the 
 afterwards succeeded him, and Lemery's reputed Bastille, but as there was nothing against him he 
 dissatisfaction has been the cause of the passing was liberated. There seems little doubt that the 
 
GLASER 
 
 321 
 
 GLASER (CHRISTOPHLE). Continued. 
 
 Marchioness and Saint-Croix obtained their poisons 
 from Glaser, but possibly he had no knowledge of 
 what was done with them. His name, however, 
 appears in the literature relative to the case, 
 whether it be legal or romantic, historical or 
 epistolary. He died between 1670-1673, but his 
 age is unknown. 
 
 His one book was successful. It passed through 
 several editions, and was translated into English 
 and German. 
 
 It first appeared at Paris in 1663, in a handsome 
 
 Memoire du Procez extraordinaire contre la 
 Dame de Brinvilliers, Paris, 1676, pp. 3, 19, 21, 
 in 4. This and another document : Arrest de la 
 Cour de Parlement . . . contre Dame Marie Mar- 
 guerite d'Aitbray and the Factum pour Dame 
 Marie Marguerite d' Aubray were printed this same 
 year, 1676, in 12, at several places. I have before 
 me copies of editions of Amsterdam, Cologne, and 
 Paris. There is also an English translation : A 
 Narrative of the Process against Madam Brinvil- 
 liers ; and of her Condemnation and Execution, for 
 having poisoned her Father and two Brothers, 
 London, 1676, small 4, pp. 24. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio^ 1687, p. 384. 
 
 De La Fare, Mf moires et reflexions sur les prin- 
 cipaux tvtnements du re"gne de Louis XIV., 1716, 
 pp. 209-14. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 92. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 791. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metal- 
 lic^, 1732, p. 59. 
 
 Gayot de Pitaval, Causes cttebres et inttressants, 
 I 737> ' PP- 267-326. 
 
 De La Martin iere, Histoire de la vie et du regne 
 de Louis XIV., 1740-42, iv. p. 229. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 347- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 5. 
 
 Reboulet, Histoire du regne de Louis XIV., 
 1746, v. p. 159. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1016. 
 
 Voltaire, Le Siecle de Louis XIV., Berlin, 1751, 
 ii. p. 59. 
 
 Boerhaave, Chemistry, ed. Shaw, 1753, i. p. 47. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 68. 
 
 Marquise de Sevigne 1 , Recueil des Lettres, 1754, 
 iv. pp. 44-198. 
 
 Fontenelle, Oeuvres, Amsterdam, 1764, v. p. 226. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la M/decine, 
 1778, ii. p. 355. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 1782, p. 33. 
 
 8 ; then 1667 ; Lyons, 1670 ; Paris, 1673 ; 
 Brussels, 1676 ; Lyons, 1676 ; Paris, 1678 ; Lyons, 
 1679. 
 
 In German, 1677, 1684, 1710; English, 1677. 
 
 Glaser is remembered for his method of making 
 potassium sulphate, and to the native salt his name 
 is attached. It is called Glaserite. I have discussed 
 Glaser's life and chemistry in a paper read to the 
 Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 1901. It is not 
 yet published. 
 
 Beckmann, Geschichte der Erfindungen, 1785, i. 
 p. 278 ; ii. p. 571 ; English translation, 1814, ii. 
 
 P- 53- 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 531- 
 
 Weigel, Einleitung zur allgemeinen Scheide- 
 k/inst, 1788, i. p. 158. 
 
 Gtnelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 227. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 161, 183. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 437. 
 
 Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 
 
 235- 
 
 Pierer, Universal Lexikon, 1835, viii. p. 369. 
 
 J. B. Dumas, Leconssurla Philosophie Chimique, 
 l8 37. P- 62 ; 1878, p. 69. Rammelsberg's German 
 translation, 1839, p. 55. 
 
 Alexandre Dumas, Celebrated Crimes, 1843, p. 
 
 233- 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 290; 
 1869, ii. p. 281. 
 
 Albert Smith, The Marchioness of Brinvilliers 
 the Poisoner of the Seventeenth Century. A 
 Romance of Old Paris. London, 1846, 8. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1856, xvi. p. 615. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Ge'ne'rale, 1858, xx. col. 794. 
 
 Ravaisson, Archives de la Bastille, 1870, iv. pp. 
 237, 244, 250 ; 1874, vii. p. 44. 
 
 N. Blanpain, La Marquise de Brinvilliers, 
 Paris, 1872, 12. 
 
 Montjoyeux, La Marquise de Brinvilliers, Paris, 
 n.d., 12. 
 
 The Popular Encyclopedia, 1874, vi. p. 681 
 (article by Ferguson). 
 
 Encyclopedia Britannica, 1879, x. p. 637 (note 
 by Ferguson). 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- 
 cales, 4 e SeYie, 1883, ix. p. 179. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 37, 384. 
 
 Legue 1 , Mtdecins et Empoisonneurs au XVII* 
 Sitcle, Paris, 1896, pp. 56, 66. 
 
 Frantz Funck-Brentano, Le Drame des Poisons, 
 Paris, 1899, p. 9, &c. English by George Maid- 
 ment : Princes and Poisoners, 1901, pp. 10, 12. 
 
 GLASER QOHANN HEINRICH). 
 
 Job. Henr. Glaseri Phil, ac Medici quondam in illustri & Antiquiss. Basiliensium 
 Academia Anat. & Botan. Profess, meritiss. Tractatus Posthumus de 
 Cerebro, in quo hujus non fabrica tantum, sed actiones omnes principes, 
 sensus ac motus ex veterum & recentiorum placitis & observationibus 
 perspicuk ac methodice explicantur : Nunc primum luci publicae expositus 
 opera Job. Jacobi Stsehelini, Med. Doct. Basileae, Typis Jacobi BertschI, 
 Francofurti, Apud Job. Michael Riidigers, Anno M.DC.LXXX. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 231 [9]. Engraved frontispiece of a human skin, included in the 
 pagination. Not about Chemistry, but a premonition of Physiological Psychology. 
 
322 GLASER GLAUBER 
 
 GLASER (JOHANN HEINRICH). Continued. 
 
 Johann Heinrich Glaser was born at Basel, Chair of Anatomy and Botany at Basel. He died 
 
 6 Oct., 1629, became Doctor of Philosophy and, of the plague, 5 Feb., 1675, aged 46. 
 
 after he had travelled and studied for nine years, Besides the above he wrote : 
 
 also of Medicine. He obtained the Professorship Panegyrica Dissertatio de Similitudine. 
 
 of Greek in 1665, but vacated it in 1667 for the Disputatio inaitguralis de rhtumatismo. 
 
 Oratio in obitum Hieronymi Bauhini. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 603. Herzog, Athenae Rauricae, 1778, pp. 235, 371. 
 
 Witte, Diariiim Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Kkkk, Mailer, Bibliotheca Medians- practica-, 1779, iii. 
 
 i recto, 5 Feb., 1675. pp. 233, 528. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorttm, Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 475. 25), iv. p. 440. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Sprengel, Geschichle der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 p. 347- PP- 2I - 2 3- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Bayle & Thillaye, Biograpkit Mifdicale, 1855, i. 
 
 col. 1017. p. 489. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 552. Diciionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences MJdi- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirnrgica, 1775, ii. p. 609. cales, 4 e SeVie, 1883, ix. p. 119. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mc'decine, 
 1778, ii. p. 355. 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). 
 
 Joannis Rudolphi Glauber! Philosophi & Medici Celeberrimi Opera Chymica, 
 Biicher vnd Schrifften, so viel deren von ihme bifshero an Tag gegeben 
 worden. Jetzo von neuem mit Fleifs iibersehen, auch mit etlichen neuen 
 Tractaten vermehret, vnd vmb mehrer Bequemlichkeit willen, in diese Form 
 zusammen getragen, sampt ein darzu verfertigten vollkommenen Register. 
 Mit Churf. Sachs, als Vicarii, Reichs-Privilegio. Franckfurt am Mayn, 
 
 In Verlegung Thomse Matthise Gotzens. Im Jahr M DC LVIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [24] 574. 2 plates. 
 
 Continuatio Operum Chymicorum, . . . M.DC.LIX. 
 4. Pp. [12] 444. Index, &c. [18]. Engraved plate. 
 
 The Works of the Highly Experienced and Famous Chymist, John Rudolph 
 Glauber : Containing, Great Variety of Choice Secrets in Medicine and 
 Alchymy in the Working of Metallick Mines, and the Separation of Metals : 
 Also, Various Cheap and Easie Ways of making Salt-petre, and Improving 
 of Barren-Land, and the Fruits of the Earth. Together with many other 
 things very profitable for all the Lovers of Art and Industry. Translated 
 into English, and Published for Publick Good by the Labour, Care, and 
 Charge, of Christopher Packe, Philo-chymico-Medicus. London, Printed 
 by Thomas Milbourn, for the Authour, and are to be sold at his House 
 next Door to the Gun in Little-Moorfields ; by D. Newman at the King's- 
 Arms in the Poultry, and W. Cooper at the Pellican in Little Britain. 
 M DC LXXXIX. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [12] 440 (wants pp. 177-184). II. [4] 220. III. 92 (wants 49-52). 
 Index [ii, i blank], ii plates of apparatus and processes. 
 
 See PACKE (CHRISTOPHER). 
 
 Glauberus Concentratus, oder Kern der Glauberischen Schrifften, worinnen 
 alles unnothige Streit-Wesen weggelassen, was nutzbar 1st, in die Enge 
 gezogen, und was undeutlich oder verstecket, so viel moglich klar gemacht, 
 und in Form eines leicht begreifflichen Processes gebracht worden. Auff- 
 gesetzt von einem Liebhaber Philosophischer Geheimnisse. Leipzig und 
 Brefslau, Verlegts Michael Hubert, Anno 1715. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 862. Title red and black. MS. contents. 
 
GLA UBER 323 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 Glauberus Concentratus oder Laboratorium Glauberianum ; Darinn die 
 Specification, vnd Taxation dehren Medicinalischen, vnd Chymischen 
 Arcanitaten, welche in ermeldtem Laboratorio, von viel Jahren zu Jahren 
 nach einander bereitet : vnd itzunder nach abgeschafftem Laboratorio, an 
 die begehrende zu distrubuiren (sic), noch iibrig, begriffen. Sambt aller dehren 
 kiinstlichen Oefen, vnd Instrumenten, welche im Laboratorio gebrauchet, 
 vnd viel gutes darmit verrichtet worden ; nun mehr aber man dehren nicht 
 linger von nothen hat, sollen sie, neben andern Raritaten, vnd vielerhandt 
 Mineralien, als da seyn, Gold, Silber, vnd anderer Metallen, Ertzen, vnd 
 Handt-Steinen ; Wie auch mancherley Materialien zum laboriren nothig ; 
 Gleicherweyse den begehrenden gegen ein billiges iibergelassen werden. 
 Durch den Authorem vnd Besitzer obgedachter Raritaten, den Vmwissenden 
 zur nachricht beschrieben, vnd an tag gegeben. Zu Amsterdam, Bey 
 Johan Waesberge, vnd der Witwe Elizsei Weyerstraet. Anno 1668. 
 
 8. Pp. 75 [5 blank] MS. notes. A list of preparations, apparatus, &c. , for sale by 
 Glauber. A very curious and probably unique list. It is partially reprinted (p. 701) in 
 the other Glauberus concentratus (q.v.) 
 
 De Auri Tinctura sive Auro Potabili Vero. Quid sit & quommodo differat ab 
 auro potabili falso & Sophistico quomodo Spagyrice prseparandum & 
 quomodo in Medicina usurpandum. Per Joannem Rudolphum Glauberum. 
 Amsterodami, Prostant apud Joannem Janssonium. clo IDC LI. 
 
 8. Pp. 22 [2 blank]. 
 Also at Franckfurt, 1652, sm. 8. German translation, Amsterdam, 1646, sm. 8. 
 
 La Teinture de 1'Or ou le Veritable Or Potable; Sa nature, & sa difference 
 d'auec 1'Or potable, faux & sophistique. Sa preparation spargique (sic), & 
 son vsage dans la Medecine. Par lean Rudolphe Glauber. Et mise en 
 Frangois par le Sr. Du Teil. A Paris, chez Thomas lolly, Libraire 
 lure, rue S. lacques, au coin de la rue de la Parcheminerie, aux Armes 
 d'Hollande. M.DC.LIX. Avec Privilege du Roi. 
 
 8. Pp. 22. This is a translation of the preceding. 
 
 La Consolation des Navigants. Dans laquelle est enseigne a ceux qui 
 voyagent sur mer vn moyen de se garantir de la faim & de la soif, voire 
 mesme des maladies qui leur pourroient suruenir durant vn long voyage. 
 Mise en lumiere par lean Rodolphe Glauber en faueur de ceux qui entre- 
 prennent de longues & perilleuses nauigations pour 1'vtilite* de la patrie. Et 
 traduite en Frangois par le Sieur Du Teil. A Paris, Chez Thomas lolly, 
 Libraire lure, rue S. lacques, au coin de la rue de la Parcheminerie, aux 
 Armes d'Hollande. M.DC.LIX. Avec Privilege Du Roi. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-8] 9-64. 
 
 Furni Novi Philosophic!, sive Descriptio Artis Destillatoriae Novse ; nee non 
 Spirituum, Oleorum, Florum, aliorumque Medicamentorum illius beneficio, 
 facilima quadam & peculiar! via e vegetabilibus, animalibus & mineralibus, 
 conficiendorum & quidem magno cum lucro; agens quoque de illorum usu 
 tarn chymico quam medico, edita & publicata in gratiam veritatis Studiosorum 
 
324 GLA USER 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 per Joannem Rudolphum Glauberum. Amsterodami, Prostant apud 
 
 Joannem Janssonium, clo IDC LI. 
 
 8. Pars prima, pp. 67, Index [3] [2 blank] ; Folding leaf of apparatus. Pars 
 Altera, pp. 148, Index [4]. Pars Tertia, pp. 55 [i blank]. Pars Quarta, has lost its 
 title, pp. 3-83 (wants pp. 71-74), Index [2] [3 blank]. Pars Quinta, pp. 54 [2 blank]. 
 7 woodcuts in the text. Annotationes in Appendicem Quintse Partis, pp. 72. 
 
 Furni Novi Philosophici oder Beschreibung einer New- erfundenen Distillir- 
 Kiinst : Auch was fur Spiritus, Olea, Flores, vnd andere dergleichen 
 Vegetabilische, Animalische, vnd Mineralische Medicamenten, damit auff 
 eine sonderbare Weise gantz leichtlich, mit grossem Nutzen konnen zugericht 
 vnd bereytet werden. Auch wozu solche dienen, vnd in Medicina, Alchimia, 
 vnd anderen Ktinsten konnen gebraucht werden. Allen Liebhabern der 
 Warheit, vnd Spagyrischen Kunst zu gefallen an Tag gegeben durch J. 
 Rudolphum Glauberum. Zu Amsterdam, Bey Johan Jansson, 1661. 
 
 8. Pp. 94 [2] plate. Ander Theil, pp. 238 [6] plate. Dritter Theil, 79 [4, 
 i blank]. Vierdter Theil, 122 [2, 4 blank] plate and leaf of explanation. Funffter 
 Theil, 90 [7 woodcuts in the text] [i] appendix [9], Annotationes vber den 
 Appendicem, 106 [i, i blank]. Each part has a separate title-page. The first part 
 occurs with the date 1652. There are editions, Franckfurt, 1652, and Prague, 1700, 8. 
 The English translation by J. F. (John French) was published at London, 1651, sm. 4. 
 
 Libellus Ignium : oder Feuer-Biichlein, darinnen von unterschiedlichen 
 frembden und bifs Dato noch gantz unbekandten Feuern gehandelt : Wozu 
 sie dienen, und was fur unglaubliche Dinge und unaufssprechlicher 
 Nutzen, dem Menschlichen Geschlecht dadurch kommen und zu wegen 
 gebracht werden konne. Zu Gottes Ehre und Dienst defs Nechsten wol- 
 meinend beschrieben und an Tag gegeben, Durch Joh. Rudolph. Glauberum. 
 Im Jahr Christi 1703. 
 
 8. Pp. 64. 
 
 Miraculum Mundi. oder Aufsfiihrliche Beschreibung der wunderbaren Natur, 
 Art, vnd Eigenschafft, defs Grofsmachtigen Subiecti, von den Alten 
 Menstruum Vniversale oder Mercurius Philosophorum genandt, dardurch 
 die Vegetabilien, Animalien, vnd Mineralien gar leichtlich in die aller- 
 heilsambste Medicamenten, vnd die vnvollkommene Metallen realiter in 
 bestandig vnd perfecte Metallen konnen verwandelt werden. Allen Lieb- 
 habern der Natiirlichen Wunderwercken zugefallen beschrieben vnd an Tag 
 geben vnd jetzo auffs newe corrigiret vnd verbessert, Durch Johann Rudolph 
 Glaubern. Mit Rom. Kays. May. Privilegio. Gedruckt zu Hanaw, bey 
 Johan Aubry, in Verlegung Thomas Matthias Gotzens, Buchhandlers in 
 Franckfurt. 1653. 
 
 8. Pp. [2] 105 [5 blank]. The Latin version was printed at Amsterdam in 1653, 
 
 Miraculi Mundi Ander Theil. Oder Dessen Vorlangst Geprophezeiten Eliae 
 Artistse Triumphirlicher Ein Ritt. Vnd auch Was der Elias Artista fur einer 
 sey? Nemlich der Weisen ihr Sal Artis Mirificum, als aller Vegetabilien, 
 Animalien, vnd Mineralien hochste Medicin. Wie beweislich, wann es der 
 Vegetabilien Sahmen oder Wurtzel beygebracht, dieselbe vnglaublicher 
 
GLA UBER 325 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 massen davon wachsen vnd sich vermehrn. Vnd bey alien in- vnd eiiserlichen 
 Kranckheiten der Menschen vnd Viehes, wie sie auch Nahmen haben 
 mochten, vor all andern Artzneyen Miraculose wircket. Wie dan auch die 
 Vnvolkommene Metallen Realiter nicht allein in vnd ]) zu verwandlen, 
 sondern auch das feine vber seinen Natiirlichen 24sten, auff den 28ten 
 feiirbestandigen Grad dardurch zu bringen. Vnd was noch mehr ist, aus 
 alien Krautern ein Naturliches O zu ziehen, vnd ein fixes in ein jedes 
 Kraut wiedervmb dardurch thun wachsen machen, miiglich ist. Also ein 
 Herrlicher, Glorioser, vnd Triumphirender Monarch ist, 
 
 Elias Artista, wenigen bekant, 
 
 Et Artis Salia vielen genant. 
 
 Dieses alles durch die grosse Gnad vnd Barmhertzigkeit Gottes erfunden, 
 vnd durch desselben weitere Hiilff vnd Beystandt den Freunden Publice 
 zu demonstriren, vnd wahr zu machen, sich erbietet vnd darstelt. Johan 
 Rudolph Glauber. Zu Ambsterdam, Bey Johan Jansson. 1660. 
 8. Pp. [20] 113 [i, 2 blank]. 
 
 Miraculi Mundi Continuatio, in qua tota natura denudatur, & toti Mundo 
 nude ob oculos ponitur ; imb dilucide & aperte demonstratur, fieri posse, 
 ut ex Sale petrse omnium Vegetabilium, Animalium & Mineralium summa 
 Medicina paretur, ac ideb Sal petrae jure ac meritb verum Subjectum solvens, 
 sive Menstruum Universale (rumpantur ilia omnibus Farnerianis Asinis) 
 appellari queat. Miracula Divina manifestandi, & Hermeticae Medicinae 
 studiosos docendi gratia conscripta, & in lucem edita Studio & Opera 
 Johan. Rud. Glauberi. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium. 
 
 CloIOCLVIII. 
 
 8. Pp. 133 [3 blank]. 3 folding engravings of chemical processes. 
 In 1659, also at Amsterdam, he published Annotationes in nuper editam Conliaua- 
 tionem Miraculi Mundi, in sm. 8, pp. 37 [3 blank]. 
 
 Explicatio oder Aufsflihrliche Erkliirung vber das vorlangsthin von Joan- 
 Rudolpho Glaubero Aufsgangnes (Miraculum Mundi) intitulirtes Tractatlein : 
 zur Bezeugung der \Varheit vnnd dienst der Kunstliebenden durch den 
 Authorem beschrieben vnd an Tag gegeben. Franckfurt am Mayn, Bey 
 Thomas Matthias Gotzen. Mit Rom. Kays. Mayt. Freyheit nicht nachzu- 
 trucken. M DC LVI. 
 
 8. Pp. 71 [i blank]. The Latin version appeared at Amsterdam in 1656, sm. 8. 
 
 Novum Lumen Chymicum. Hoc est, cujusdam recens inventi & Mundo 
 nondum unquam patefacti Secreti ardui Revelatio, qua Mundo caeco 
 clarum atque inexstinguibile Lumen ante oculos collocatur & quasi palpabiliter 
 demonstratur, quod per universum terrarum orbem aeque in frigidis ac in 
 calidis regionibus passim Aurum probum inveniri atque utiliter elici possit, 
 ita ut in cunctis illis locis, ubi arena & lapides reperiuntur, ne pedem quidem 
 uspiam ponere queas, ubi non tantiim Aurum. sed vera etiam Materia 
 Lapidis Philosophorum subministretur. In Honorem Dei atque Millium 
 
326 GLA USER 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 aliquot afflictorum levamen ac solamen conscripta atque in publicum emissa 
 a Johan. Rudolph. Glaubero. Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium 
 a Waesberge, & Elisseum Weyerstraet. 1664. 
 
 8. Pp. 45 [3 blank]. Not to be confused with the Novum Lumen Chymicum of 
 Sendivogius. 
 
 Operis Mineralis. Pars Prima. Ubi docetur separatio auri e silicibus, arena, 
 argilla, aliisque fossilibus per salis Spiritual, quse alias eliquari nequeunt. 
 Item Panacea sive Medicina Vniversalis antimonialis, eiusque usus inventa 
 & publicata in gratiam Studiosorum artis Chymicae per Johannem Rudolphum 
 Glauberum. Amsterodami, Prostant apud Joannem Janssonium. C!D loc LI. 
 8. Pp. 67, index [2] [3 blank]. 
 
 Operis Mineralis Pars secunda, De ortu & origine omnium Metallorum & 
 Mineralium, quo scilicet pacto ilia per Astra producantur ex Aqua & Terra corpus 
 sibi suscipiant & multiplici forma fprmentur. In gratiam diligentium Naturae 
 scrutatorum, conscripta & in lucem edita a Johanne Rudolpho Glaubero. Latinitate 
 donata. Amstelodami, Prostant apud Joannem Janssonium, do IDC LII. 
 
 Pp. 47 [ i blank]. 
 
 Operis Mineralis Pars tertia, in qua Titulo Commentarii in libellum Paracelsi 
 Ccelum Philosophorum sive Liber Vexationum dictum, Metallorum transmutationes in 
 genere docentur, cum Appendice specialem earum processum, ut & eorundem 
 eliquationem, explorationem, separationem, aliasque necessarias operationes demon- 
 strante. In veritatis testimonium conscripta & publici juris facta a Joanne Rudolpho 
 Glaubero. In Latinum idioma ex Germanico conversa. Amstelodami, Prostant 
 apud Joannem Janssonium, cla loc LII. 
 
 8. Pp. no [2 blank]. 
 
 Operis Mineralis, oder vieler kiinstlichen vnd nutzlichen Metallischen 
 Arbeitten Beschreibung Erster Theil : Darinn gelehret, wie man das Gold 
 aufs den Kifslingsteinen, Quartzen, Sand, Erden, vnd anderen armen Berg- 
 Arten, welche sonsten mit Nutzen nicht zu schmeltzen seyn, durch den 
 Spiritum Salis extrahiren vnd corporalisch machen soil : Auch wie aus dem 
 Antimonio eine Panacea, oder allgemeine Medicin, werde, vnd wie solche 
 zugebrauchen sey. Erfunden, vnd der Edlen Spagyrischen Kunst, vnd 
 Hermetischen Medicin Liebhabern zu Gefallen beschrieben, vnd an Tag 
 gegeben, Durch Joan-Rudolphum Glauberum. Franckfurt am Mayn, 
 
 Bey Matthsei Meriani S. Erben. M DC LI. 
 
 8. Pp. 124 [4 blank]. The first half of sheet G has the leaves numbered 97-100 
 inclusive, after which the pagination is resumed. 
 
 Operis Mineralis. Ander Theil : Vom Vrsprung vnd Herkommen aller Metallen 
 vnd Mineralien, wie nemblich dieselbe durch die Astra gewircket, aufs Wasser vnd 
 Erden jhren Leib nehmen, vnd in vielerley Gestalt formiret werden. . . . 
 
 Pp. 76 [2 blank]. 
 
 Operis Mineralis. Dritter Theil : Darinnen vnter der Explication vber defs Paracelsi 
 Biichlein, Ccelum Philosophorum oder Liber Vexationum genandt, der Metallen trans- 
 mutationes in genere gelehret, mit eine Anhang vnd Zugab, darin auch derselbe Special 
 Procefs sampt jhrer Scigerung, Abtreibung, Scheidung vnnd Anderen darzu gehorigen 
 Arbeiten begriffen. . . . 
 
 Pp. 183 [i blank]. 
 
 Reprinted at Prague, 1705, sm. 8. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 This copy is much wormed. 
 
GLA USER 327 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 La Premiere Partie De L'GEuvre Minerale, ou est enseignee la separation de 
 1'Or des Pierres a feu, Sable, Argile, & autres Fossiles, par 1'Esprit de Sel, 
 ce qui ne se peut faire par autre voye. Comme aussi vne Panacee, ou 
 Medecine vniversclle, antimoniale, & son vsage. Par lean Rudolphe Glauber. 
 Et mise en Francois par le S r Du Teil. A Paris, Chez Jean d'Houry, 
 a 1' I mage S. lean, au bout du Pont-neuf, sur le Quay des Augustins. 
 M.DC.LXXIV. Avec Privilege du Roy. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-6] 7-64. 
 
 La Seconde Partie de 1'Oeuvre minerale. De la Naissance & Origine de tous les 
 Metaux & Mineraux, de quelle fa9on ils sont produits par les Astres, sont composez 
 d'eau & de terre, & re9oiuent diuerses formes. En faueur des Curieux. Par lean 
 Rudolphe Glauber. Et mise en Francis par le Sr. Du Teil. A Paris, chez Thomas 
 lolly, Libraire lure 1 , rue S. Jacques, au coin de la rue de la Parcheminerie, aux 
 Armes d'Hollande. M.DC.LIX. Avec privilege du Roi. 
 
 Pp. [1-4] 5-48. 
 
 La Troisiesme Partie de 1'Oeuvre Minerale, ou Commentaire sur le Liure de 
 Paracelse, appel!6 le Ciel des Philosophies, ou le Liure des Vexations, dans lequel sont 
 L-nseigne'es les transmutations des Metaux ; Auec vn Appendix touchant la fonte, la 
 separation, & les autres operations necessaires. Par lean Rudolphe Glauber. Et mise 
 en Fran9ois par le Sr. Du Teil. Paris, chez Thomas lolly, . . . M.DC.LIX. . . . 
 
 Pp. [i-io] ii-ui [i blank]. 
 
 Teutschlands Wohlfahrt, Fiinffter Theil. Darinnen griindlich vnd aufsfiihrlich 
 tractiret, was Alchymia sey, vrid wie durch dieselbe an alien Orten Teutsch- 
 landes grosser Nutzen geschafft werden konte, gleichsam mit Fingern gezeiget 
 wird. Gott als Gebern alles guten zum vordersten, wie auch alien hohen 
 Hauptern des lieben Vatterlandes zu Ehren, vnd alien from men vnd getrewen 
 Ingesessenen Vnterthanen gegen alle deroselben aufslandischen Feinden, 
 zu grosser hulffe vnd beystand, als ein getreiihes Landkind in ablegung 
 gebiihrender schuldigkeit, wohlmeinend beschrieben, vnd an Tag geben. 
 Durch Johan Rudolph Glaubern. Zu Ambsterdam, Bey Johan Jansson, 
 1660. 
 
 8. Pp. 37 [i blank]. Engraved plate. Tabula Smaragdina, p. 19. Symbolum 
 Basilii Valentin!, p. 20. 
 
 These two tracts and the plate are contained in Tanckius' Promptuarium, ii. 
 p. 414 and p. 700, and in the Schatz und Kunst /Camtrier, p. 414 and p. 700, only in 
 them the ' Symbolum ' is in verse. 
 
 Teutschlands Wohlfahrt in six parts was published at Amsterdam in sm. 8", 
 1656-1661, and in Latin : Prosperiias Germania, Amst. 1656, sm. 8. 
 
 Defs Teutschlandts-Wolfahrt Erster Theil. Darinnen von defs Weins, Korns, 
 und Holtzes Concentrirung, sambt deroselben nutzbarlichern (als bifshero 
 geschehen) Gebrauch gehandelt wird. Gott und den lieben Vatterlandt zu 
 Ehren, und alien frommen und getreuen Haufshaltern zu guter Lehr und 
 Erinnerung, wolmeinend beschrieben und an Tag gegeben Durch Joh. 
 Rudolph. Glauberum. Prag, zu finden bey Caspar Wussin. 1704. 
 
 8. Pp. 794. Contains the six parts and the appendix to the fifth part. Tabula 
 Smaragdina Hermetis (in part v.), p. 649. Symbolum F. Basilii Valentini (in part v.), 
 p. 650. The plate belonging to the latter is wanting. 
 
 Tractatus de Signatura Salium, Metallorum et Planetarum, Oder : Griind- 
 licher Unterricht, wie, oder auff was Weise man gar leichtlich, nicht allein 
 der Salien, Metallen, und Planeten, sondern auch der Worter, und Nahmen, 
 
328 GLA UBER 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 ihre verborgene Krafften, Bedeiitung, Natur und Eigenschafften, nicht aufs 
 Biichern, oder Schrifften, sondern blofs und allein aufs deren signatur 
 durch einen Circulum, und Quadranten, erlernen, und aufsrechnen kan. 
 Der Wunderwercken Gottes, Liebhabern zu gefallen, beschrieben, und an 
 Tag geben, Durch Joannem Rudolphum Glauberum. Gedruckt im Jahr 
 Christi 1703. 
 
 8. Pp. 1-43, 44 blank. 
 P. 45: 
 
 Libellus Dialogorum, oder : Gesprach-Biichlein, zwischen einigen Liebhabern der 
 Hermetischen Medicin. Tincturam Universalem betreffend. Allen wahren Liebhabern 
 der guten Medicin zugefallen beschrieben, und an den Tag kommen lassen. Durch 
 Joannem Rudolphum Glauberum. Gedruckt im Jahr 1703. 
 
 Pp- 4S- I 3- The above was printed at Prague. 
 The Libellus Dialogorum^ in Latin, was published at Amsterdam in 1663, sm. 8. 
 
 Traitte de la Medecine Vniuerselle, ou le Vray Or Potable. C'est a dire, 
 vne exacte description de la vraye Medecine vniuerselle, & de 1'admirable 
 vertu qu'elle exerce sur les vegetaux, animaux & mineraux. Pour seruir 
 de clair flambeau au monde aueugle, luy enseignant le moyen de discerner 
 le mensonge d'auec la verite ; & de secourir les pauures malades abandonnez. 
 Par lean Rudolphe Glauber. Et mis en Francois par le S r Du Teil. 
 A Paris, Chez Thomas lolly, Libraire lure, rue S. lacques, au coin de 
 la rue de la Parcheminerie, aux Armes d'Hollande. M.DC.LIX. Avec 
 Privilege du Roy. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-8] 9-61 [i]. Last leaf, blank, wanting. 
 
 The Latin edition, as part of the Miraculum Mundi, appeared at Amsterdam in 
 1658, sm. 8. 
 
 De Tribus Lapidibus Ignium Secretorum. Oder von den drey Alleredelsten 
 Gesteinen, so durch drey Secrete Feuer gebohren werden : Vnd Erstlich 
 von dem Lapide Philosophorum, welcher durch das secrete Feuer der VVeisen, 
 ins gemein Ignis Artephij genandt, bereitet wird. Zum Andern, von dem 
 obern und untern Donnerstein, wie dieselbige von dem Meteorischen und 
 untern kiinstlichen secreten Feuer generiret werden. 
 
 Zum Dritten, wie defs Basilij Stein Ignis aufs dem Antimonio durch 
 Kunst zu bereiten sey. Auch wie solche drey aller-edelste Steine der Welt, 
 in Medicina und auch Alchimia zu gebrauchen. Allen Liebhabern der 
 Gottlichen und natiirlichen Wunderwercken zu gefallen griindlich beschrieben 
 und an Tag gegeben Durch Joh. Rudolph. Glauberum. Im Jahr 
 Christi 1703. 
 
 8. Pp. 96. Pp. 80-96 contain Colloquium Nuncupatorium, interloquutores 
 Bonus & Lacinius. 
 
 Glauber wrote a tract entitled De Igne Secreto Philosophorum oder Geheimen Fcwr 
 der Weisen, Amsterdam, 1669, sm. 8, pp. 54 [2]. 
 
 Glauberus Redivivus ; Das ist : Der von Falschen vnd Gifftigen Zungen 
 ermordte, vnd mit Liigen vnd Lastermaulern gleichsam begrabene, nun 
 aber durch Hiilff vnd Zeugnufs der Warheit wieder auffgestandene Johann 
 Rudolff Glauber : Oder klarer Beweifs, dafs Christoff Earners, Speyrischen 
 Dohm-Stiffts Schaffners, falschgenandte Apologia nichts anders, als lauter, 
 
329 
 
 Franckfurt, Bey Thomas 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 aufs Neid vnd Hafs erdichte Liigen seyen. 
 Matthias Gotzen. MDCLVI. 
 
 8. Pp. 118 [2 blank]. 
 
 Glauber was attacked by Christoff Farner, in reply to whom he wrote an Apologia 
 contra Mendaces Christopheri Farnneri Calumnias, Amstel. 1655. Other works against 
 Glauber are Glauberus refutatus . . . das ist : ein hundert Liigen . . . aufs Glaubers 
 selbst eigenen Schrlffleu . . . 1661, 8. 
 
 Libellus Dialogorum. 
 
 See above Tractatus de Signatura Salium. 
 
 Widerlegung etlicher Johan-Rudolff Glaubers 
 
 See GRUNDLICHE WIDERLEGUNG, 1 66 1. 
 
 Schrifften. 
 
 Glauber was born at Karlstadt in 1603 or 1604. 
 He says he was brought up in Franconia, but 
 nothing is recorded about his early life. He was 
 not educated at any university, and it does not 
 appear that he was trained as an apothecary, but 
 he was fond of experimenting, and he travelled 
 much trying to find a philosopher who would put 
 him on the right lines, and he frequented the 
 laboratories of princes where he found processes 
 enough but no results. At the same time he 
 studied the writings of the philosophers, and 
 discoursed with learned men about the 'secret 
 fire' of Artephius or the proper agent, but always 
 found that they understood less of it than himself. 
 
 Hut after long and fruitless labours he admits 
 that he had no success in attempting to perfect the 
 metals, and he therefore turned his attention to 
 more attainable results, though he never gave up 
 his belief in transmutation. 
 
 During his journeyings he visited Salzburg, 
 Vienna, Cologne, Basel, Frankfurt, and Kitzingen, 
 before he settled in Holland. He was in his 2ist 
 year, say 1624 or 1625, when he was at Vienna, 
 that he made the discovery in a mineral spring of 
 the salt which has since borne his name. In these 
 various places he must have spent forty years of his 
 life, gathering by reading, observation, and most 
 laborious trial, the physical, pharmaceutical, 
 chemical, geological, mineralogical, and techno- 
 logical knowledge which he subsequently published. 
 
 In 1648 he went to Holland and took up his 
 residence in Amsterdam where he founded a 
 ' Hermetic Institute,' and published his first book : 
 Fur n i novi Philosophici, translated into English by 
 Dr. John French, London, 1651, 4, and into 
 French by Du Teil, Paris, 1659, 8. This is 
 certainly one of the most remarkable books on 
 chemistry of the seventeenth century. Later on, 
 in 1656, he had to make 'a stand against the 
 appropriation of his methods and discoveries 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 105. 
 
 van Vreeswyck, Silvere Rivier, 1684, p. 117. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 673. 
 
 Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 fntroductio, 1687, pp. 371, 384. 
 
 Stahl, Observation um chymico-physico-medicarum 
 . . . mensis . . . Julius 1697 ; reprinted Opusculum 
 Chymico-physico-mcdicum, 1740, p. 324. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter a- 
 riam derer Teutschen, 1713, vi. p. 791 (a mere note). 
 
 Stahl, '/.ufdllige Gedanken . . . tiber den Stieit 
 von dem sogenannten Sulphure, 1718, p. 17 ; French 
 translation, 1766, p. 8. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica,ijz7, pp.93-96. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii p. 475. 
 
 against Farner, who had worked in his laboratory, 
 had come under a solemn promise not to reveal 
 what he had learned, and yet afterwards published 
 them as his own and ridiculed Glauber besides. 
 
 Between 1653 and 1661 most of his larger works 
 appeared. Then his health gave way, and he was 
 laid up for a couple of years, but in 1663 he 
 published one or two other books, but neither 
 these nor others which came out subsequently are 
 so clear and satisfactory as their predecessors. 
 
 Glauber had never been successful in making 
 even a moderate competency, and at the close of 
 his life his efforts to retrieve his fortunes failed him, 
 and, in a state of poverty, he died at Amsterdam. 
 His death is placed by some in 1657, 1668, and 
 1673. Goos van Vreeswyck, however, gives so cir- 
 cumstantial an account that it is difficult to reject 
 it. He says the date was the 19 March, 1670, and 
 he helped to wrap him in his winding sheet ; the 
 funeral was at 3 o'clock afternoon in the Wester 
 Kerk. The question was asked then as it has 
 often been since, what wealth and honours he had 
 left for his family. To this Vreeswyck makes a 
 reply, the sum of which is that the wealth he left is 
 to be found in his writings. 
 
 Adelung has accepted this date, which is further 
 confirmed by the preface to Le Febure's chemistry 
 published in 1670, where he is spoken of as if he 
 were still alive. 
 
 During his lifetime he published some thirty 
 separate treatises. He himself says, however, that 
 they represent not a tenth part of his discoveries 
 and secrets. He was a keen observer, a per- 
 severing and successful experimenter and inventor. 
 He was anxious to promote technology and the 
 industrial prosperity of his native country, but by 
 his contemporaries, and by Adelung a century 
 later, he was regarded as a dreamer and a 
 charlatan. As a matter of fact he was far ahead 
 of his time in some of his economical views. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 778. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce iMctallicce, 
 
 W 2 , P- 59- 
 
 Morhof, Polyhislor, 1732 (ii. 2*, 38. i), ii. p. 421. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 410, 481 ; iii. pp. 175-177. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1019 (a list of his writings merely). 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 68. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 492. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 356. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. 
 p. 24. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemtca, 1782, p. 17. 
 
33<> 
 
 GLA UBER- GLORIA 
 
 GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLF). Continued. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hoheni C/iemie, 1785, 
 pp. 526, 616, 618, 620, 621, 623. 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit, 
 1787, iv. p. 161 (depreciatory of course ; list of 
 Glauber's writings). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 625- 
 657, etc. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 130-132, 150. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1819, (Authors) i. 
 419 A 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. pp. 440-446. 
 
 Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. 
 p. 226. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 408. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 190 ; 
 1869, p. 182. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 128, 
 etc. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, P- 475- 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1856, xvi. p. 617. 
 
 Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 
 12, 65, 85. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gt'ntrale, 1858, xx. col. 798. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 909 (list of his works). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 555, 1202-12, 1620. 
 
 Kopp, Die Entwickelung der Chemie in der 
 neueren Zeit, 1873, P- 3 1 - 
 
 Kopp, Beytrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, 
 iii. p. 161. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1879, ix. p. 
 221 (article by Ladenburg). 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptfdiquc des Sciences Midi- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1883, ix. p. 122. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 441 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 244. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerate, 1885, ii. p. 574. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 50, 203, 251 ; 
 ii. pp. 367, 388. 
 
 GLEICHNISS, oder Philosophisches Rathsel. 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL). 
 
 GLISCENTI (FABIO). 
 
 See GLISSENTI (FABIO). 
 
 GLISSENTI (FABIO). 
 
 Fabii Glissenti Brevis Tractatus in quo de Lapide Philosophoruni Moraliter 
 Disseritur, Latinitate donatus a Laurentio Straussio, Med. D. & Prof. P. 
 Gissae, Typis Josephi Dieterici Hampelii, Academise Typogr. C!D loc LXXI. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 115 [i blank]. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Glissenti or Gliscenti was born at Vestone in the 
 district of Brescia, devoted himself to medicine, 
 and graduated at Padua. He practised in Venice 
 with great success, and had the reputation of being 
 one of the foremost physicians and philosophers of 
 his time, a man of great ability and learning. 
 
 The present work with a separate title-page : 
 Breve Trattato nel qual moralmente si discorre qual 
 sia la Pietra di Filosofi. . . . was published along 
 with his principal treatise : Discorsi morali contra il 
 dispiacer del morire ... in Venetia, MDXCVI., 
 4, and is the last tract in the volume, ff. 566-596. 
 
 Ghilini, Teatro d'Huomini Letterati, 1647, ii. 
 
 P- 74- 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 105 (calls 
 him Gassenti). 
 
 Cozzando, Libraria Bresciana, 1694, p. 78. 
 
 Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini, 1726, 
 ii. p. 273, No. clxxxv. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 146. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, x., col. 1668 
 (places his death in 1620). 
 
 The Discorsi morali is a sort of Dance of Death 
 and the illustrations in which the Death skeleton 
 appears in numerous forms are interesting and 
 valuable for conception and execution. 
 
 The book according to Lenglet Dufresnoy, 
 copied by Gmelin, appeared again at Venice, 1609, 
 4. They both quote the 1596 edition of the Breve 
 Tra/tato, but not of the Discorsi morali. Besides 
 these he wrote plays and other works. He died at 
 Venice in 1611 according to Cozzando, but in 1620 
 according to others. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 177. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire hislorique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 357; 1755, i. p. 418. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 624. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 298. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 295. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, " P- I 3 I 
 1869, ii. p. 126 (calls him E. Glissenti). 
 
 GLORIA Mundi. Kleine Paradeis-Tafel. Das ist : Beschreibung der uralten 
 Wissenschaft des Lapidis Philosophorum Autore Anonymo. 
 
GLORIA CM ELI N 331 
 
 GLORIA Mundi. Continued. 
 
 Aber muthwillens wollen sie nicht wissen, dafs der Himmel vor Zeiten 
 auch war, darzu die Erde aus Wasser, und im Wasser bestanden 
 durch Gottes Wort. 2 Petr. 3, 5. 
 Hof, in der Vierlingischen Buchhandlung. 1774. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 165. Innhalt [2] [i blank]. 
 
 The earliest edition which I have observed is is anonymous ; Fictuld says that though it may be 
 
 dated 1620 and there are enumerated also editions by Barcius there is better reason for supposing it 
 
 of Frankfurt, 1648, Hamburg, 1692, and the re- the work of Johann von Sternberg, author of the 
 
 prints in the collections mentioned below. tract Rosarium. Anyhow these two ' noble treat- 
 
 The authorship of the tract is uncertain. Mercklin ises ' were the work of the same pen. He piles up 
 
 indeed assigns it to Robertus Vallensis, but on eulogies op the present work which are more 
 
 insufficient grounds ; Roth-Scholtz says the author nauseating than his adverse criticisms are comical. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 105. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius rcnovati/s, 1686, p. 945. 1806-08, p. 95. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 147. \A.&\a%\is.,BibliothequeOuvaroffiSciences Secretes, 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1870, Nos. 1258, 1294-96. 
 
 Hennetique, 1742, iii. p. 178. Ferguson, 'The first History of Chemistry, 1 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Slein, 1753, Th. i. pp. 83, 135. Proceedings of the Philosophical Society of Glasgow, 
 
 Deytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 1886, xvii. p. 213. 
 p. 6 1 6. 
 
 GLORIA Mundi, seu Tabula Paradisi. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, iii. 1732, 
 
 P- 357- 
 See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 203. 
 
 Extract vnnd Summarischer Inhaldt. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Lumen Chymicum Novum ; Epilogus Orthelii, 
 
 1624, p. 213. 
 
 See VERNUNFTIGE ERKLARUNG der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes, 1760, p. 22. 
 See BARCIUS (M.). 
 
 See STERNBERG (jOHANN VON). 
 
 Summa Libri qui vocatur Gloria mundi. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 513. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., i. p. 95. 
 
 This is an extract only. 
 
 GLUCKLICHE Erober- und Demolirung des . . . Fegefeuers der Scheide- 
 kunst. 1705. 
 
 See ALETHOPHILUS. 
 
 GLUCKRADT (CHRISTOPHER). 
 
 See BEGUINUS (JOHANNES). 
 
 Pseudonym for Johann Hartmann. 
 
 GMELIN (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Allgemeine Geschichte der Pflanzengifte entworfen von Johann Friedrich 
 Gmelin, der Arzneykunst Doktor, dieser und der Weltweisheit offentlichen 
 Lehrer auf der hohen Schule zu Gottingen. Niirnberg, bey Gabriel 
 Nicolaus Raspe, 1777. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 525 blank]. 
 This copy contains numerous MS. notes, apparently for a new edition. 
 
332 GMELltiGOBET 
 
 GMELIN QOHANN FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Allgemeine Geschichte der mineralischen Gifte entworfen von. Job. Friedr. 
 Gmelin, der Arzneykunst Doktor, dieser und der Weltweisheit offentlichen 
 Lehrer auf der hohen Schule zu Gottingen. Niirnberg, bey Gabriel 
 Nicolaus Raspe, 1777. 
 
 8. Pp. 8 ; 316. 
 
 Though not indicated on the title-pages, it is plain make the copy a perfect one : Allgemeine Geschichte 
 
 that these are the second and third volumes of a der Gifte, ister Theil, Leipzig, 1776, is mentioned 
 
 general work on poisons. The above are complete by Meusel. 
 in themselves, but the first volume is wanting to 
 
 Geschichte der Chemie seit dem Wiederaufleben der Wissenschaften bis an 
 das Ende des achtzehenden Jahrhunderts von Johann Friedrich Gmelin. 
 Erster Band, bis nach der Mitte des siebenzehenden Jahrhunderts. 
 Gottingen, bey Johann Georg Rosenbusch. 1797. 
 
 8. Pp. viii. 777 [should be 779] [i]. The eight preliminary pages include the 
 general title to the series. 
 
 Zweiter Band, bis gegen das lezte Viertheil des achtzehenden Jahrhunderts. 
 Gottingen . . . 1798. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 790 [should be 778] [i, i blank]. 
 
 Dritter Band, die lezte Jahrzehende des achtzehenden Jahrhunderts. . . . 1779. 
 8. Pp. [6] 1288 [should be 1294] [96] [i, i blank]. 
 
 This is the second part of the 8th division of the tion of dates and authors and titles, of mining 
 
 "Geschichte der KUnste und Wissenschaften," statistics and of the discovery of substances, etc., 
 
 Gottingen, which was the predecessor of the but it is devoid of systematic arrangement ; there 
 
 Munich series of Histories of Science. are no subdivisions or classification, and there is 
 
 J. F. Gmelin (1748-1804) was the grandson of nothing dealing with the development of the science 
 
 Johann Georg Gmelin and father of Leopold, the itself. The references to books are drawn from 
 
 author of the famous text-book of which a translation Weigel, Haller, and other writers, but Gmelin has 
 
 was published by the Cavendish Society. Notices omitted what makes Weigel's lists so valuable, the 
 
 of the different branches of the family are references to the authorities for the various editions, 
 
 given by Ersch & Gruber and by Poggendorff. There is no index of subjects so that it is impossible 
 
 The articles in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic to find anything except through the index of 
 
 are unsatisfactory. proper names, and it far too frequently gives the 
 
 Gmelin's Geschichte is one of the recognised books references inexactly. Gmelin's book, therefore, is 
 
 of. reference for the older Chemistry. It is not, not nearly so useful as it might have been, even 
 
 however, really a history, but a collection of within its own scope, 
 materials towards a history. It is a great enumera- 
 
 Piitter, Versuch einer academischen Gelehrten- 1869, ii. p. 364 (calls the historian of Chemistry 
 
 Geschichte von der Georg- Augustus Universitdt zu ' Philippe-Frederic,' which is a mistake). 
 
 Gottingen, 1788, ii. p. 146; 1820, iii. (von Friedrich Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1860, 
 
 Saalfeld), p. 75 ; 1838, iv. p. 278. Ixx. p. 393. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelelirte Teutschland, oder Lexikon Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 derjetst lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, ii. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 914. 
 
 p. 587; 1801, ix. p. 433. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, p. x. ; i. pp. 114, 212, 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 243, 245, 248, 255, 258; ii. pp. 148, 204, 210, 217, 
 
 14, 581. 220, 256, 309, 315, 387. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 372 ; 
 
 See KELS (HEINRICH WILHELM), 1791. 
 
 A preface to Kels' dictionary. 
 
 GNOSIUS (DOMINICUS). 
 
 See HERMES, Tractatus Aureus, 1610. 
 
 GOBET (NICOLAS). 
 
 Les Anciens Mineralogistes du Royaume de France; Avec des Notes. Par 
 M. Gobet. Premiere Partie. A Paris. Chez Ruault, Libraire, rue de la 
 Harpe. M DCC.LXXIX. Avec Approbation, & privilege du Roi. 
 
 &. Pp. [6] xxxviij. 1-460. i plate. Seconde Partie, pp. [4] 461-910 [2]. 
 
GO BE TGOCLENIUS 333 
 
 GOBET (NICOLAS). Continued. 
 
 Gobet was descended from a family belonging to Formation of Mountains,' 1782, and along with 
 
 Auvergne and was born about 1735. He studied Faujas de St. Fond brought out an edition of the 
 
 chemistry with Rouelle, and mineralogy which he works of Bernard Palissy, Paris, 1777, pp. [4], 
 
 supplemented by journeying with Jars in 1762 to ix.-lxxvj., 734, in a large quarto volume. From a 
 
 see iron works. He was interested also in history chemist's point one of the best things he did was to 
 
 and on a journey to Toulouse in 1767 he got from reprint the Essays of Jean Rey with an introduction 
 
 the Marquis de Belestat a copy of the Memoirs of and notes, Paris, 1777, 8, pp. xxxij., 216, the first 
 
 Cardinal de la Valette, and published them in edition of 1630 having become extremely rare. 
 
 Paris in 1772. Before he could carry out any of his important 
 
 In 1771 he had been made Keeper of the Archives literary projects, his mind became unsettled and 
 
 of Monsieur and afterwards clerk of the Council of he died suddenly it is said in an asylum at Charen- 
 
 the Count d'Artois. He wrote a paper on the ton about 1778 according to some, or towards the 
 
 'Straits of Dover," in the Journal de Physique, end of 1781 or the beginning of 1782 according to 
 
 1777, ix. ; translated Pallas' 'Observations on the others. 
 
 Journal Encyclopediqm ; Annexe 1775, iv. p. 25. dungen, 1805, v. p. 585. English translation : 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp.643, 1814, iv. p. 580. 
 
 670. Querard, La France litteraire, 1830, iii. p. 385. 
 
 Beckmann, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Erfin- Biographic Universclle, 1857, xvii. p. 3. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic G&ntrale, 1858, xx. col. 866. 
 
 GOBINEAU DE MONTLUISANT (ESPRIT). 
 
 Explication . . . des enigmes et figures hieroglyphiques . . . qui sont au grand 
 portail de 1'eglise . . . de Notre Dame de Paris. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques 1754, iv. 
 p. 366. 
 
 GOBRAT. 
 
 Janus Gobrat Sapiens manet. 
 
 See MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA). 
 
 GOCLENIUS (RODOLPHUS). 
 
 Tractatus de Magnetica Curatione Vulneris citra ullam & superstitionem, & 
 dolorem, & remedij applicationem, orationis forma conscriptus, a priori turn 
 ob rerum & causarum, turn exemplorum etiam augmentum longe diversus : 
 Accesserunt enim antiquissimorum Sophorum, Rhagaelis, Thetelis, Chaelis, 
 Salomonis & Hermetis Periapta & Signature, quibus, quousq; & quantum 
 sit habenda fides, simul indicatur. 
 
 Lege, intellige, judica. 
 
 Auctor Rod. Goclenius Med. D. Illustris ac florentissimae Mauritianae 
 phys. Professor Ordinarius. Marpurgi Cattorum, Ex Offkina Rodolphi 
 Hutvvelckeri, Anno clalaCIX. 
 
 12. Pp. 167 [i blank]. 
 
 Tractatus De Manetica (sic) Vulnerum Curatione. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 177. 
 
 Synarthrosis Magnetica. 
 Ibid., p. 237. 
 
 The author was born at Wittenberg, 22 Augt., and enlarged and published in 1609. Thereupon 
 
 1572. He studied at Marpurg and at Copenhagen ensued a controversy between him and Robert! 
 
 and Padua, and was created doctor of medicine in who was opposed to the salve. Goclenius never 
 
 1601, on which occasion his thesis contained an gave in, but continued writing on the subject for 
 
 exposition of the Paracelsian system. In 1608 he several years. 
 
 became professor of physics at Marpurg, of medi- He also wrote on augury, chiromancy, astrology, 
 
 cine in 161 1, and of mathematics in 1613. When and similar topics, and on medicine. The 
 
 he was appointed in 1608 he delivered the present treatise on chiromancy, first published in 1597, 
 
 discourse on the Weapon-salve, which he revised was probably his thesis as Medicinae Candidatus. 
 
334 
 
 GOCLENIUSGOELICKE 
 
 GOCLEN1US (RODOLPHUS). Continued. 
 
 He enlarged and published it in 1603, and again 
 at Franckfurt in 1608, in which he himself calls 
 it the third issue. At Marpurg in 1614 it once 
 more appeared. It is identical with the 1608 
 edition, all except the first two sheets, which have 
 been altered. Other editions quoted are of 1618, 
 1621, 1668, all in small 8. It may be worth the 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 105. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 949. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1514, pi. 79. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sign. Q 4 
 verso, 2 Mar. 1621. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 485. 
 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromns Bibhothecce metallicce, 
 
 1732, p. 61. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732, (ii. 3. i. 6), ii. p. 455. 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, xi. col. 39. 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 349- 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 
 col. 1031. 
 
 Freytag, Adparatus Litterarius, 1755, iii. pp. 
 153-156. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic etdela Chirurgie, 
 1770, ii. p. 338. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774. i. p. 277 ; 
 
 1777, ii. p. 747. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdedne, 
 
 1778, ii. p. 359. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten 
 und Schriftsteller Gesc hichte, 1784, iv. pp. 488-500. 
 
 attention of the palmists of the present day. He 
 died 3 March, 1621. 
 
 Care must be taken not to confuse him (as has 
 been done by Mercklin, Mangel, and Bayle & 
 Thillaye) with his father, Rudolphus Goclenius, 
 who was professor of logic at Marpurg, wrote a 
 prodigious number of dissertations, and died at 
 Marpurg in 1628. 
 
 Biographic Alt'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 465. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, 
 iv. p. 274. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- 
 cine, 1835, II. ii. p. 570. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic mtdicale, 1855. i. 
 
 P- 349- 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1857, xvii, p. 6 (article 
 by Desgenetles). 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopiidie, 1860, 
 I. Ixxi. pp. 365-7 (article by Kiilb). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-lilerarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 919. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 no, 346. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences MMi- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1883, ix. p. 471. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 465 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 272. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 582. 
 
 Ferguson, " Notes on books of Secrets," Trans- 
 actions of the Archceological Society of Glasgow, 
 1890, N.S. ii. p. 4. 
 
 GOELICKE (ANDREAS OTTOMAR). 
 
 Andreae Ottomari Goelicke, Med. D. & Prof. Publ. Ord. h. 
 Decani, Propempticon Inaugurate de Chrysopoeiae Vanitate. 
 ad Viadrum, Litteris Tobiae Schvvartzii, Acad. Reg. Typ. 
 
 Fac. Med. 
 Francofurti 
 
 4. Pp. [8]. At the end this tract is dated Francofurti cis Viadrum die XII 
 Octobris, MDCCXXXII., which date is repeated by Gmelin. 
 
 Goelicke was born 2 February, 1671, at Nienburg 
 on the Saal, in the principality of Anhalt, was 
 educated at Zerbst, went to Berlin, where for a 
 couple of years he was tutor to the son of Dr. Krug 
 von Nidda, chief physician to the Elector of Bran- 
 denburg. He next went to Frankfurt on the 
 Oder and studied medicine for four years, graduated 
 al Halle, and spent a year at Leyden and Amster- 
 dam. On his return to Germany he practised 
 medicine at Zerbst, in 1709 was made extraordinary 
 professor of medicine at Halle, 1718 ordinary pro- 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 486-493. (Mangel reprints reviews 
 of his histories from the Acta Eruditorum.} 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic des Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, passim. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1045. 
 
 Portal, Historic de I 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. p. 423, &c., &c. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. 589 ; 
 1775, ii. p. 214. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, i. 
 pp. 72, 99 ; 1788, iv. p. 406. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 32. 
 
 fessor at Duisburg, and then at Frankfurt a. d. O., 
 acted as physician for the district of Lebus and 
 died at Frankfurt a. d. O. 12 June, 1744, in his 74th 
 year. He was a devoted follower of Stahl, and 
 nolwilhslanding his active life as a physician in 
 practice, found time to write numerous academical 
 dissertations and treatises on various parts of 
 medicine. He is especially known by his histories 
 of medicine, analomy and surgery, but he has been 
 criticised for his inaccuracies. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Ali'decine, 
 1778, ii. p. 361. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 293. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 469. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 543. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- 
 cine, 1835, II. ii. p. 574. 
 
 Bayle et Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 166. 
 
 Daremberg, Histoire des Sciences Mfdicales, 
 1870, i. p. 34. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 587. 
 
GOTTLING GOLD MA YER 
 
 335 
 
 GOTTLING (JOHANN FRIEDRICH AUGUST). 
 
 Johann Fnedrich August Gottlings Professors zu Jena Anfangsgriinde der 
 Probierkunst mit Cramers Erfahrungen verbunden. Mit Kupfern. Leipzig, 
 bey Johann Samuel Heinsius, 1794. 
 
 8. Extra title, xxx. 662. Register, &c. [24]. 7 plates of apparatus. 
 
 The extra title is as follows. 
 
 Johann Andrea Cramers Anfangsgriinde der Probierkunst nach den neuesten 
 Grundsatzen der Chemie bearbeitet von Johann Friedrich August Gottling Professor 
 zu Jena. Mit Kupfern. Leipzig, bey Johann Samuel Heinsius, 1794. 
 
 Chemistry, Weimar, 1794, and an annual Pocket- 
 book for Chemists, and numerous other chemical 
 works and papers. 
 
 The present book is a translation of Cramer's 
 Element a Artis Docimasticce (q.v.). 
 
 Gottling was born at Derenbnrg, near Halbcr- 
 stadt, 5 June, 1755. He was an apothecary, 
 studied medicine at Gottingen, and ultimately 
 became Professor of Chemistry, Pharmacy, and 
 Technology, at Jena, where he died i Septr., 1809. 
 He wrote a work in defence of the Antiphlogistic 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon der Universitdt Jena seit 1558 bis 1858, 1858, p. 
 der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1796, ii. 210. 
 
 p. 606 ; 1801, ix. p. 439; xi. p. 282 ; xiii. p. 484 ; Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 xvii. p. 746. ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 923. 
 
 lohannes Gunther, Lebensskizzcn der Professoren Hirsch, Biographisches l^exikon der hervorra- 
 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 590. 
 
 GOISKE (PEDER). 
 
 See ROSENSTAND-GOISKE (PEDER), [l?6o]. 
 
 GOLD des Lebens. 
 
 See AURUM Vitae. 
 
 GOLD von Mitternacht. 
 
 See MAULLIUS (JOHANNES PHILIPPUS), 1714. 
 
 GOLDMACHEN. 
 
 See ERLAUTERTE und aus der Erfahrung erwiesene Wahrheit des Goldmachens, 
 1767. 
 
 GOLDMACHER-CATECHISMUS. 
 
 See JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). 
 
 GOLDMAYER (ANDREAS). 
 
 Harmonia Chymica, de Novem Lapidum Philosophicorum Artificiosa Pre- 
 paratione et Usu. Das ist, Chymische Harmoni von Neun Philosophischer 
 Steine kiinstlicher Zubereitung, Nutz vnd Gebrauch : Von neuem, nach 
 vieljahrigen Laboribus erfunden, vnd aufsgefertigt, auch alien Kunstliebenden 
 zur besten Nachrichtung, ordentlich, vnd mit hochstem Fleifs beschrieben, 
 mit glaubwiirdiger Philosophorum Zeugnussen approbiret vnd in Druck 
 verfertigt. Durch Andream Goldmayer, Guntzenhausanum Francum, Comitem 
 Palatinum Caesareum, vnd Fiirstl. Bambergischen bestelten Mathematicum. 
 Gedruckt zu Onoltzbach, durch Johan Lentzen, in Verlegung defs Autoris, 
 Anno 1656. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 69 [i]. 
 
 Goldmayer was born in 1603 at Gunzenhausen. 
 He studied at Altdorf and Strasburg, declined a 
 professorship of Mathematics at Altdorf, and 
 settled at Niirnberg, where he lived by writing 
 calendars and casting nativities. He foretold his 
 own death and that of Gustavus Adolphus of 
 Sweden. The Emperor Ferdinand III. created 
 
 him a Count Palatine. He died at Niirnberg, in 
 1664, in the greatest destitution. His published 
 works consist of astronomical and astrological 
 calculations and descriptions. 
 
 The present work is not included in the lists of 
 his writings. 
 
336 
 
 GOLDMA YERGRABNER 
 
 GOLDMAYER (ANDREAS). Continued. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1551. 
 
 J. G. Doppelmayr, Historische Nachricht -von der 
 Niirnbergischen Mathematicis und Kiinstlern, 
 Niirnberg, 1730. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1751, ii. 
 col. 1058. 
 
 GRAB der Armuth. 
 
 See ATREMONT (H. D'). 
 
 In addition to the authorities there cited, 
 reference may also be made to Roth-Scholtz, 
 Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 153, and to Fictuld, 
 
 G. A. Will, Niirnbergisch.es Gelehrten- Lexicon, 
 and Supplement by C. C. Nopitsch, Niirnberg u. 
 Altdorf, 1755-58, 1802-08. 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichen Narrheit, 
 1787, iv. p. 210. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 926. 
 
 Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 85, who 
 mends' it to the searchers of wisdom. 
 
 GRAB A (JOHANN ANDREAS). 
 
 Jehovse Adspirante Gratia Desuper ! EAAJ?OrPA<t>IA sive Cervi Descriptio 
 Physico-Medico-Chymica, in qua tarn Cervi in genere, quam in specie ipsius 
 partium consideratio Theorico-Practica instituitur, ad multifarium usum 
 praesertim Medicum, omnibus fere Corporis Humani Affectibus ceu Panacea 
 apprime conveniens : Secundum Leges ac Methodum Academiae Naturae 
 Curiosorum elaborata. Multisq; Medicinre Secretis instructa a Johanne 
 Andrea Graba, D. Urbis Territoriiq; Erffurtens. Medico Ordinar. & Collegii 
 Naturae Curiosorum Collega. Jenae, impensis Viti Jacobi Trescher, Bibl. 
 Vratisl. Typis Johannis Nisi, Anno 1668. 
 
 8. Pp. 312 [37, 3 blank]. Title red and black. 
 
 Graba was born in 1625 at Mulhouse, though 
 some say at Erfurt. He studied at Konigsberg 
 for six years, settled in Erfurt as a physician, 
 whereupon ensued a dispute with the other 
 physicians for his practising without a degree. Finally 
 he became a graduate of Giessen. He went to 
 Mulhouse, and had another dispute which ended 
 in a law-suit for calumny. He died there in 1669. 
 He was an early member of the Academia Naturoe 
 Curiosorum, being admitted in 1661, and he wrote 
 some tracts on medical subjects. 
 
 Some of the authorities quote a 1667 edition of 
 the present book, and Kestner even goes the 
 length of correcting the entry in the Bibliotheca 
 Riviniana of this 1668 edition ! He says : "Jenoe 
 1667, 8. nicht aber 1668, wie in Biblioth. Rivin. 
 p. 518. stehet." He did not think there could be 
 both. There is no error more commitable than 
 that of denying the existence of an edition which 
 one has not seen. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, Norimb. 1686, 
 p. 515. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Cccc 
 3 recto, 1669. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum medicorum, 
 Genev. 1731, I. ii. p. 500. 
 
 Motschmann, Erfordia literata continuata, 1735, 
 
 P- 389. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, Jena, 
 1740, p. 356. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Ltxicon, Leipzig, 
 1750, ii. col. 1108. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natural Curiosorum 
 Historia, Halae, 1755, p. 464, No. 21. 
 
 Matthise, Conspectus Historia Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 746. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 563. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, 
 ii. p. 406 ; 1779, iii. p. 67. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Me"decine, 
 1778, ii. p. 377. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, Gottingen, 1798, 
 ii. p. 207. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 502. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la 
 MMecine, Paris, 1835, II. ii. p. 609. 
 
 Phillippe u. Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 Jena, 1855, p. 468. 
 
 Dictionnaire encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1884, x. p. 264. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 616. 
 
 GRABNER (KARL). 
 
 Bilder der Wunderkunst und des Aberglaubens. Mit Beriicksichtigung der 
 sogenannten Zauberbiicher von Albertus M., Dr. Faust, Paracelsus, Trittheim, 
 Agrippa, u. a. m. Herausgegeben von Dr. Karl Grabner. 
 
GRABNERGRAMANN 337 
 
 GRABNER (KARL). Continued. 
 
 Somnia, terrores magicos, miracula, sagas, 
 Nocturnos lemures, portentaque Thessala rides ! 
 
 HORAT. lib. ii. Epist. ii. 
 
 Mit 20 bunten und schwarzen bildlichen Darstellungen. Weimar 1834. 
 Druck und Verlag von Karl Grabner. 
 
 8. Pp. viii. [2] 266. [Advertisements 3, i blank]. Frontispiece and 10 tables, 
 partly coloured. The book contains nothing on Alchemy. 
 
 GRAMAN (GEORG). 
 
 Ein sonderliche Chymische Reise vnd Haufs Apoteca, sampt aufsfuhrlichem 
 Bericht, was fiir Vnterscheid zwischen der Galenischen vnd Paracelsischen 
 Medicin sey, vnd wie mit denen aufs Edelsteinen, Mineralien, Metallen, 
 auch frembden vnd einheimischen Balsam, Gewiirtzen, Bliiten, Samen vnd 
 Friichten, nach Spagirischer Kunst bereiten subtiliteten, Tincturen, Essentzen, 
 Oliteten, Extracten vnd Saltzen, durch Gottes Segen, die Gesundheit ein 
 lange zeit erhalten, Vnd dann auch allerhand gefahrliche Kranckheiten, ohne 
 sonderlich purgirn, mit kleiner dosi, subtiler masse vnd wenigen Tropflein 
 gantz sicher, lieblich vnd anmutig von manniglichen selbst curirt, auch 
 ermelte Artzneyen zur notturfft auff Reisen, in einem besonderm Kastlein, 
 fuglich fortbracht werden konnen, 1. a. laborirt, experimentirt vnd beschrieben. 
 Durch Georgium Graman, Phil. & Med. Doctorem, an jetzo Grafflich- 
 Gleichischen Leib- vnd Hof Medicum in Ohrdruff. 
 8. Pp. [40] 160. [7, i blank]. 
 
 Colophon : Gedruckt bey Joachim Mechlers Erben, In Verlegung Johan. Birckners, 
 Buchfuhrer. Anno M. DC. XI IX. 
 
 According to Haller this edition was printed at To the above editions of the present work 
 
 Ahrdruff, and there were others at Schleusingen, Adelung adds Jena, 1629, 1670, and calls that of 
 
 1630, 1679. He wrote also Bericht von der weissen 1679 the fifth edition, enlarged, and he spells the 
 
 -und rothen Ruhr, Halberstadt, 1617, 4. author's name Grammann. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicin<z practices, 1777, ii. Adelung, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . 
 p. 470. Jochers Allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 
 
 (JOHANN). 
 
 Responsio M. loannis Gramanni Medici et Philosophi Erphurdensis, ad 
 7r/)oy/Da/*fiaTa quorundam Antichymistarum, in qua caeteris calumniis refutatis, 
 Imperfectio artis Galenicse ostenditur, atq; gloriosa ilia ostentatio de funda- 
 mentis optime constitutes, & firmissimis rationibus demonstratis multisq; 
 seculis comprobatis, redarguitur. 
 
 lacobi 3. Quod si aemulationem amaram habetis & contentionem in 
 corde vestro, nolite gloriari & mendaces esse adversus Veritatem. 
 Non est enim ista sapientia e supernis descendens, sed terrena, 
 animalis daemoniaca. 
 
 Plato de Repub. Veritati irasci nefas est. 
 Erphordiae Excusa typis Pistorianis. Anno Domini M.D.LXXXXIIII. 
 
 4. Sig. A-D in fours, E 2, or, pp. [35, i blank], 
 
338 GRAMANNGRASSHOFF 
 
 GRAMANN QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 Gramann, of Erfurt, was an enemy of Galen 1593, 4, A-G in fours. Apologetica refutatio 
 
 and his followers, and a supporter of the Spagiric Calumniae, qua Paracelsistoe nimis violenta, cor- 
 
 medicine as appears from the very titles of his rosiva et deleteria aegris propinare a quibusdam 
 
 books. He invented an 'antiphthisical tincture,' Galenicis dicuntur. No place (Erphordise?), 1593, 
 
 which Stahl is said to have classed with the 4, A-K in fours, L.2. 
 
 'antihectic panacea' of Poterius, by recommending Kurzer Bericht wie mansich von der Dysenteric 
 
 them to be mixed and then to be thrown out at the gifftigen Blutruhr und fliessenden Pestilenz ver- 
 
 window. His works are : wahren solle, Erfurt, 1598, 8. Vom Theriak, 
 
 Tractatus de Pharmaco Purgante, Erphordise, Mithridat, ... 4. 
 
 Van der Linden, De scriptis Medicis libri duo, Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, Basil. 
 
 1637, p. 274. *779i iii' P- 310. (Haller's summary of the 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 106. 'Apologetica refutatio' is amusing.) 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 596. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 289. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 1731, II. ii. p. 502. 25), iv. p. 505. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykundc, 1827, iii. 
 
 p. 357. p. 533. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 388. Dictionnaire encyclopddique des Sciences Medi- 
 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1884, x. p. 285. 
 
 GRAND (Le) Grimoire avec la Grande Clavicule de Salomon, et la Magie Noire, 
 oil les Forces Infernales du Grand Agrippa, pour decouvrir tous les Tresors 
 cache's, & se faire obdir a tous les Esprits ; suivi de tous les Arts Magiques, 
 M.C.C.II. 
 
 8. Pp. 84. 8 woodcuts and a woodcut inverted bastard title. A chap book 
 dealing with conjuration and black magic. Compare No. xii. in SAMMLUNG der grosstcn 
 Geheimnisse and also Barrett's MAGUS. A notice of this chap book is given by 
 Nisard, Livres Populaires, 1854, i. p. 159. It has nothing to do with Chemistry 
 or Alchemy. 
 
 GRAND (Le) Livre de la Nature. 1790. 
 See D . . . . 
 
 GRASSEUS. 
 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 Ein Philosophischer vnd Chemischer Tractat : genannt Der kleine Baur . 
 Bifshero lang verborgen, auch aufs mifsgunst von etlichen hinderhalten vnnd 
 verfalscht : Nun aber ex Bibliotheca Arnspurgensi Reverendiss. Dn. Ernesti 
 Electoris & Episcopi Coloniensis gantz vollkommen herfiir gebracht. Von 
 der Materia vnd Erkantnufs defs einigen vnd wahren subjecti universalis 
 Magni, & illius prseparatione : Welches alien Tincturen der gantzen Chemia 
 vorgeht : vnd aufs dessen Geist alle ding der Welt Universaliter entspringen 
 vnd herfiir fliessen. Sampt beygefiigten Commentarijs loannis Walchii 
 Schondorfifensis (sic). Darinnen aller rechten philosophorum eygentliche vnd 
 bestandige Meynungen, in einem Compendio vnd kurtzen begriff, mit 
 wahren natiirlichen fundamentis vnd gantz verstandtlichen griinden demon - 
 strirt, vnd alien Doctrinse filijs fur Augen gestellt werden. 
 
 Auch angehengter Epistel ad Cunctos Germanise Philosophos. 
 
 Spiritus Mundati & fixi sunt pnesentifsima medicina Corporum alterand- 
 
 orum. 
 Strafsburg, In verlegung Eberhardi Zetzneri Buchhandlers. Anno M.DC.XIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 376 [15, 3 blank]. 
 
GRASSHOFF 339 
 
 GRASSHOFF QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 Der kleine Bawr, pp. 1-41. In the index this is entitled Epistola authoris ad 
 
 Walch's Commentaria, pp. 42-354. dominos Fratres de cruce Rosacea. 
 
 Apostrophe ad cunctos Germaniae Philosophos, Elucidatio Testament! Raymundi Lullij, pp. 
 
 PP- 355-369- 370-376. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Imperfect. 
 
 Ein Philosophischer vnd Chemischer Tractat. Genannt : Der kleine Baur : Von 
 der Materia vnd Erkantnufs defs einigen vnd wahren Subject! Universalis 
 Magni & illius Praeparatione. Sampt beygefiigten Commentariis Johannis 
 Walchii Schorndorffensis. Vnd in dieser andern Edition ist das Supple- 
 mentum vom griinen Vnderzug beygedruckt. Uarinn zu finden wie das 
 Particular zu machen, neben dem Procefs vom Universal. Auch angehenckter 
 Epistel ad cunctos Germanise Philosophos. Strafsburg, In verlegung 
 Eberhard Zetzners, Buchhandlers. Anno M.DC.LVIII. 
 8. Pp. [16] 368. Index [13, i blank]. 
 
 Der kleine Baur, pp. 1-43. Apostrophe ad cunctos Germaniae Philosophos, 
 
 Walch's Commentaria, pp. 44-354. pp. 358-362. 
 
 Supplementum von dem griinen Vnderzug, pp. Elucidatio Testamenti Raymundi Lullij, pp. 363- 
 
 355-357- 368. 
 
 Aperta Area Arcani Artificiosissimi oder defs grossen und kleinen Bauers 
 Eroffneter und often stehender Kasten der allergrosten und kiinstlichsten 
 Geheimniifsen der Natur, beneben der rechten und wabrhafftigen Physica 
 Naturali Rotunda, durch eine Visionem Chymicam Cabalisticam gantz 
 verstandlich beschrieben : Und einer Warnungs- Instruction und Beweifs 
 gegen alle die, so das Aurum potabile ausserhalb der Tinctur defs universal 
 Lapidis Philosophici per se in weniger Zeit zu verfertigen, andere falschlich 
 persuadiren. Hamburg und Stockholm, In Verlegung Gottfried Liebezeit, 
 Buchh. Hanau, Gedruckt bey Abraham Aubry, Hochgrafl. Hanauis. Hoff- 
 Buchdr. Anno M DC LXXXVII. 
 
 8. Pp. [14] 236. Woodcut: " Figura Cabalistica." Title red and black. 
 This is one of the variations upon the anonymous tract by Grasshoff called Der 
 kleine Bauer. This edition contains : Der grosse Bauer, p. i ; Lilium inter spinas : 
 Der kleine Bauer, p. 67; Cabala Chymica, p. 117 (with a figure) ; Warnung, Instruc- 
 tion und Beweifs ... p. 202 ; 2 Respons von den F. R. C. , p. 228. There was an 
 edition of the Warnung in 1607. See WARNUNG. 
 
 Geheimnifs der Natur des grofsen und kleinen Bauers, in welchem die Materie 
 und Erkanntnifs des einigen und wahren Subjecti, Universalis Magni, & 
 illius Prseparatio umstandlich beschrieben wird, sammt beygefiigten Com- 
 mentariis Johannis Walchii Schorendorffensis. Anno M DCC.XXXI. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 64 ; 557 (for 357) [n]. 
 
 Der grosse Bauer, pp. 1-64. Supplementum von dem griinen Unterzug, pp. 
 
 Der kleine Bauer, pp. 1-43. 355-357- 
 
 Walch's Commentaria iiber den kleinen Bauer, 
 ap. 44-354- 
 
 Der grofse und kleine Bauer zwey philosophische und chymische Tractate 
 von neuem aus Licht gestellet. Leipzig 1744. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 112. The text merely without Walch's Commentary. 
 
340 GRASSHOFF 
 
 GRASSHOFF QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 Philosophia Salomonis oder : Geheimes Cabinet der Natur und Kunst des 
 Weisen Koniges Salomons eroffnet durch den sogenannten grofsen und 
 kleinen Bauer wahren Besitzern des koniglichen Steins. Augsburg 1753. 
 
 bey Johann Jacob Letters sel. Erben. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 207 [i blank]. Title red and black. Woodcut. 
 
 Der grosse Bauer, p. i. Philosophic!, in wenig Zeit per se zu verfertigen, 
 
 Lilium inter Spinas ; Der kleine Bauer, p. 59. und zu bereiten sich selbsten, und andere fiilschlich 
 
 Cabala Chymica, p. 102. & sinistre persuadiren und fiirnehmen, p. 177. 
 
 Warnung, Instruction, und Bevveifs gegen alle Zwei Respons von den F. R. C. , p. 200. 
 
 die, so das Aurum potabile ausserhalb des Procefs, This is a reprint of the Aperta Area Arcani 
 
 und Preparation Tinctur des Universals-Lapidis Ariificiosissimi, 1687. 
 
 Area Arcani Artificiosissimi de summis naturse mysteriis. Johannis Grassei alias 
 Chortalassei, lurium Doctoris & urbis Stralesundensis Syndici & Philosophi 
 insignis, nostri seculi Constructa ex Rustico ejus Majore & Minore, & 
 Physica naturali rotunda per visionem Cabalisticam Chemicam descripta. 
 Quibus accessit Appendix Anonymi cujusdam Philosophi de Via ad Aurum 
 potabile perveniendi. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1 66 1, vi. p. 294. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 585. 
 
 The appendix contains : Admonitio, instructio & and Responsiones dune F. R. C. ad quosdam suos 
 
 probatio contra omnes eos qui Aurum potabile Clientes, p. 393. 
 
 extra processum & tincturam Lapidis Philosophic! This appendix is not reprinted by Manget, but 
 
 universalis brevi temporis spatio praeparare sibi & the two tracts are contained in the 1687 and 1753 
 
 aliis falsd persuadent & sibi proponunt, p. 382, editions of the Aperta Area Arcani Artificiosissimi. 
 
 L'Arche ouverte, ou la Cassette du petit Paysan. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. 
 p. 1 86. 
 
 Aus des Doctoris luris, gewesenen Syndici zu Stralsund, Johann Grashofers, 
 Chortolasseus genannt, Schriften : der Geheimnisse des grossen und kleinen 
 Bauers, und seiner Cabala chemica : editione Leipzig, 1658. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 121. 
 
 See CON- ET DISSENSUS Chymicorum de Famigeratissimo Rustic! Minoris 
 Particular!, 1715. 
 
 See MYSTERIUM occultas Naturae. Anonymi Discipuli Johannis Grassei Chorto- 
 lassei . . . De duobus Floribus Astralibus Agricolas Minoris in ejus Area 
 Arcani Artificiosissimi contentis. 
 
 See MYSTERIUM occultas Naturae, Das ist : von der . . . Sternfliifsigen Blumen 
 defs kleinen Bawerfs . . . 1657. 
 
 Johann Grasshoff, a native of Pomerania, doctor Breslau, 1658, Leipzig, 1658, Halle, 1705, Ham- 
 
 of laws, Syndic of Stralsund, and afterwards burg, 1705, in addition to the above, 
 
 councillor of Ernest, archbishop and elector of Other works ascribed to him are : Dyas chymica 
 
 Cologne, wrote partly anonymously, but also under iripartita, Franckfurt, 1625, 4 ; Harmonia imper- 
 
 the names Grassseus (Crasseus, Grossseus), Chor- scrutabilis chemico-philosophica. Ibid. 1625, 8, 
 
 tolasseus and Hermannus Condcesyanus. Of his but the Harmonia is also assigned to Rhenanus. 
 
 chief work, "Der kleine Bauer," a good many Latterly he lived privately in Livonia, and died at 
 
 editions are mentioned, Franckfurt, 1617, 1623, Riga, according to Witte's conjecture. 
 
GRASSHOFF-GRA TAROLO 
 
 GRASS HOFF QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 Borcl, Bibliothcca Chimica, 1654, p. 65. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. T 4 
 recto, 1623. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 35, No. liv. 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teulsches Fegfeuer 
 tier Scheidekunst, 1702, p. 87. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 156. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchyinia, 1730, p. 345. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemcines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1134. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Steiii, 1753, i. p. 62 (calls him 
 Chortolassasus and Grasshoffer). 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 521, p. 607 (compares the study of these books 
 by " adepts of the second grade " to the perusal by 
 the country-folks of such books as Till Eilenspiegel, 
 Dr. Faust, and Finkenritter). 
 
 Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic 
 der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. p. 67 ; 1787, ii. p. 61. 
 
 Gnielin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 498, 
 500, 501. 
 
 Murr, Utcr den wahren Ursprung der Rusen- 
 kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 39. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 662 (under Chortolasseus). 
 
 Schnu'eder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 351. 
 
 Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, 
 p. 184, No. 2506, and p. 187, No. 2541. Responsum 
 ad Fratres R. C. , 1618, of which one of the authors 
 is Heermannus Condesyanus (sic). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1266-67, I 54 I -4 2 - 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. 230, 339, 343. 
 
 [GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO).] 
 
 Verse Alchemias Artisque Metallicae, citra Aenigmata, Doctrina, certusque 
 modus, scriptis turn nouis turn ueteribus nunc primum & fideliter maiori ex 
 parte editis, comprehensus : quorum elenchum a Praefatione reperies. Habes, 
 amice Lector, admiranda utilissimaq; multa, quae hactenus occultata, & ueluti 
 sepulta iacuerunt : quorum editionis rationem in Praefatione ad philosophos 
 Chemistas paucis intelliges. Basileae M.D.LXI. 
 
 Folio in sixes, pp. [15, i blank] 244, 299 [i blank]. 
 Basileae per Henricum Petri & Petrum Pernam, Anno salutis humanae 
 
 Colophon 
 M.D.LXI. 
 
 Chrysorrhoas, sive De Arte Chymica Dialogus, i. 
 sig. *5 v. 
 
 Dialogus loannis Braceschi, cui titulus est 
 Lignum vitae, in quo etiam Gebri Philosophi ex- 
 positio succincta continetur, i. p. 3. 
 
 In eundem Braceschum Gebri interpretem, 
 animadversio, authore loanne Tauladano, i. p. 47. 
 (The author'is called Robertus Tauladanus in the 
 title of the tract. ) 
 
 Gebri Opera : De investigatione perfections, i. 
 p. 112. 
 
 Gebri Opera: Summa perfectionis, i. p. 118. 
 
 Gebri Opera : De inventione veritatis sive per- 
 fectionis, i. p. 184. 
 
 Gebri Opera : Liber Fornacum, i. p. 193. 
 
 Rogerii Bachonis De Alchemia libellus cui titulum 
 fecit, Speculum Alchemise, i. p. 201. 
 
 Richardi Anglici Libellus fepi Xrj/ttet'as, cui 
 titulum fecit, Correctorium, i. p. 207. 
 
 Rosarius minor, i. p. 222. 
 
 Liber Secretorum Alchemiae compositus per 
 Calid, filium lazichi, i. p. 233. 
 
 Loci aliquot practicae ex Gebero declarati per 
 . . . Joannen Braceschum Vrceanum, i. p. 242. 
 
 Liber de Magni lapidis Compositione et Opera- 
 tione, Authore adhuc incerto (also called De 
 Alchemia), ii. p. i. 
 
 Sententia loannis Baptistae Montani, de sub- 
 limatione, ii. p. 35. 
 
 Rosarius philosophorum Arnaldi de Villanova, 
 
 P- 35- 
 
 Novum lumen eiusdem vel alterius, ii. p. 60. 
 
 Epistola Magistri Arnaldi de Villa nova super 
 Alchymiam ad regem Neapolitanum, ii. p. 65. 
 
 Liber perfecti Magisterii, qui Lumen Luminuni 
 nuncupatur . . . vocatur etiam Flos riorum 
 Arnaldi de Villanova, longe correctior & melior 
 hactenus impressis, ii. p. 67. 
 
 Practica Magistri Arnaldi de Villanova, ad 
 quendam Papam, ex libro dicto, Breviarius librorum 
 Alchymise, ii. p. 73. 
 
 Alberti Magni Ratisponensis episcopi de Alchy- 
 mia liber integerrimus, ii. p. 78. 
 
 Scriptum Alberti super Arborem Aristotelis, ii. 
 p. 102. 
 
 Apertorium Raymundi Lullii De veri lapidis 
 compositione, ii. p. 104. 
 
 Ars intellectiva ejusdem super Lapidem Philo- 
 sophorum, ii. p. 112. 
 
 Practica ejusdem, ii. p. 127. 
 
 Idem de intentione Alchimistarum, ii. p. 139. 
 (Doubtful tract?) 
 
 Ejusdem Summaria Lapidis Consideratio et eius 
 abbreviationes, ii. p. 156. 
 
 Ejusdem Libellus utilissimus de Mercuric solo, 
 ii. p. 163. 
 
 Liber experimentorum, ii. p. 174. 
 
 Pulcherrimum opus de transmutatione metal- 
 lorum, ii. p. 175. 
 
 Capitulum valde magnum in albedine, & om- 
 nibus nobilius, ex libro qui dicitur Philosophus 
 mirabilis, ii. p. 180. 
 
 Liber Mercuriorum Raymundi Lullii, ii. p. 183. 
 
 Intentio summaria, quae aliter dicitur Reper- 
 torium, valde utilis ad intelligentiam Testamenti, 
 Codicilli & aliorum librorum Raymundi Lullii, ii. 
 p. 185. 
 
 Aristotelis de Perfecto Magisterio exquisitum & 
 integerrimum opus, &c., ii. p. 188. 
 
 Libellus duodecim aquarum, ex libro Emanuelis, 
 ii. p. 209. 
 
 Aqu0e rubese Avicennse ad tingendum quatuor 
 spiritus sublimatos albos, ii. p. 211. 
 
 Elixiriorum varia compositio & modus, ii. p. 220. 
 
 Joannis de Rupescissa liber de confectione ver 
 Lapidis Philosophorum, ii. p. 226. 
 
342 
 
 GRA TAROLO 
 
 GRATAROLO (GUGLIELMO). Continued. 
 
 De lapide Philosophorum secundum verum 
 modum formando Efferarii monachi, ii. p. 232. 
 
 Thesaurus Philosophic, ii. p. 237. 
 
 Praxis universalis Magni operis, ex Raymundo, 
 ii. p. 248. 
 
 De lapidis philosophoruin formatione epilogus, 
 ii. p. 248. 
 
 Practica Magistri Odornari ad discipulum, ii. p. 
 249. 
 
 Arcanum Philosophorum, ut ex Saturno facias 
 aurum perfectum, ii. p. 250. 
 
 Perfecta Salis communis prosparatio ad lapidem 
 philosophorum, ii. p. 250. 
 
 Historiola Antiqua de Aigento in aurum verso, 
 ii. p. 252. 
 
 Tractatus de Marchasita, ex qua fit Elixir ad 
 album verissimum, ii. p. 254. 
 
 Caput de sale alchali, ii. p. 258. 
 
 Quaestio an Lapis philosophicus valeat contra 
 pestem, ii. p. 259. 
 
 Vetus Epistola doctiss. de Metallorum materia, & 
 artis imitatione, ii. p. 263, 
 
 Practica Caravantis Hispani, ii. p. 264. 
 
 Lapidis Philosophici Nomenclature;, a Gulielmo 
 Gratarolo collectne, ii. p. 265. 
 
 loannis Aurelii Augurelli Chrysopoeias libri iii., 
 et Geronticon Liber i. , ii. p. 269. 
 
 Regimina Artis, ii. p. 299. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 There was a reprint of part of the above collection by Perna, Basileae, 1572, small 8. pp. [16] 686 [30, 
 2 blank] ; 605 [i blank, 24]. 
 
 Lapidis philosophici nomenclatura. 
 
 See VERJE ALCHEMIZE . . . Doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 265. 
 
 The tract on nomenclature was translated into 
 English and published in H. P.'s Five Treatises of 
 the Philosopher's Stone, London, 1652, p. 65 ; but 
 the author is misnamed ' Gratacolle.' 
 
 Gratarolo was a native of Bergamo, where he 
 was born in 1516. He went through the customary 
 training, and then turned his attention to medicine. 
 Having acquired a liking for Protestantism he 
 settled in Basel in 1555, and remained there till 
 1562, when he was summoned to Marburg as 
 professor of medicine. He, however, remained 
 only a year there, and returned to Basel, where he 
 practised medicine and wrote several works. The 
 date of his death is given variously by the different 
 authorities. Nigidius, Freher, Boissard, Jocher, 
 Bayle give the date as 6 May, 1562. As against 
 that are theses published by him on 9 May, 1562, 
 and the works of Pomponatius and of Wilhelmus 
 
 Petrus Nigidius, Ele nchus Professorum Academics 
 Marpurgensis vita defunctorum, 1591, p. 34. 
 
 Spachms, Nomenclator Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1591, p. 30 Sa passim. 
 
 Boissardus, /cones viros virtute atque eruditione 
 illustres reprcesentantes, 1599, iv. p. 116. 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 107. 
 Quenstedt, De patriis illuslrium . . . virorum, 
 1654, p. 302. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 376. 
 Reusner, leaner, 1687, S. viij verso (portrait). 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1552, pi. 56. 
 
 Teissier, Les Eloges des Hommes Savons, 1715, 
 ii. p. 312. 
 
 Papadopolus, Historia Gymnasii Patavini, 1726, 
 ii. p. 213, No. xc. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 157. 
 Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1730, 
 ii. p. 594. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. i. p. 507. 
 
 Niceron, Mhnoires, 1735, xxx i- P- 354- 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 359- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 285, 286, 473 ; iii. pp. 35, 
 178. 
 
 Aneponymus' Dialogus de substantiis physicis, &c., 
 Argent. 1567. 
 
 So Niceron quoting from his epitaph gives the 
 date 16 April, 1568, he being in his fifty-second 
 year, and Strieder gives the same date. He points 
 out, however, that in the Diarium eruditorum 
 virorum, Frft. 1612, Gratarolo is said to have died 
 on 16 April, 1564, in his seventy-fourth year, which 
 would carry his birth back to 1490, for which there 
 is no authority, as in the above inscription he is 
 said to have died in his fifty-second year. 
 
 The dates given by the different authorities do 
 not at all agree. 
 
 His works treat of medicine, on the strengthening 
 of the memory, rural economy, wine, Marpurg 
 University, the hot springs in Rhsetia, &c. He 
 edited the works of Bernard of Trevisan, Pietro 
 d'Abano, and a. Praxis medica, which last however 
 is doubtful. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1137. 
 
 Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medicorum Chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 133. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Bolanica, 1771, i. p. 334. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatonica, 1774, i. p. 208 ; 
 *777> u - P- 735 (medical works only). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii. 
 p. 105. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 380. 
 
 Herzog, Athence Rauricce, 1778, p. 174. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrten 
 und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1785, v. pp. 60-66. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 299. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ' P- 37 2 - 
 
 Bonino, Biografia medica Piemontese, 1824, i. 
 p. 179. No. 1537. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 351. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 131 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 125. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 555 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 420. 
 
 Dictionnaire encyclopedique des Sciences Mddi- 
 cales, 4eme Se"rie, 1884, x. p. 330. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 634. 
 
 Kopp, Die Akhemie, 1886, ii. p. 342. 
 
GRA VELGRA VENHORST 343 
 
 GRAVEL (CARL HERRMANN). 
 
 Fontina Eernhardi Revelata. Oder : Das, den Filiis Artis und dem Publico 
 zum besten getreulich eroffnete konigliche Wunder-Baad des Grafens 
 Bernhardi von der Marck und Tervis; worinnen die hellglanzende Sonne 
 ihren Purpur nicht nur ableget, sondern sich auch, nach volliger Absterbung, 
 in einem unsterblichen Phoenix und unzerstohrlichen Salamander wiederum 
 revivisciret und von neuem belebet, In ganz reelen- und zuverlasigen 
 Gedancken iiber die Bereitung des Steins der Weisen veroffenbaret und 
 der kunstbegierigen Welt, ohne alle hieroglyphische- und oenigmatische- 
 oder dunkle- und verborgene Redens-Arten, vor Augen geleget; da dann 
 derselben zugleich griindlich und deutlich gezeiget wird : i) Was die 
 philosophische Materie eigentlich sey, 2) wie solche zu erlangen, 3) worinnen 
 der Philosophen ihr Magnet, oder anziehendes Mittel- und sogenanntes 
 undeterminirtes Universal-Subjectum- 4) ihr Regulus hermaphroditicus- 
 5) ihre Vermahlung Saturni, Martis et Veneris- 6) ihr griiner Low- 7) ihre 
 Saphirische Blume- 8) ihre Columbae Dianae- 9) ihr Aquila und Mercurius 
 duplicatus eigentlich bestehe; Auch 10) wie die radicalis Solutio Solis et 
 Lunae geschehen- n) die philosophische Materie in das Ovum physicum 
 eingesetzet- 12) die Tinctura universalis ad corpora humana sowohl- als ad 
 metalla, elaboriret, 13) die Projection damit verrichtet- und endlich 14) in 
 infinitum multipliciret werden soil. Nebst einem Anhang verschiedener 
 philosophisch- und cabballistischer Briefe. Allen Suchenden zum Trost, 
 und denen Freuden der Alchymie zum guten, herausgegeben von Carl 
 Herrmann Gravel, H. F. H. B. L. R. einem eifrichen verehrer der wahren 
 Hermetisch-philosophischen Scienz. Erlang, druckts und verlegts Johann 
 Carl Tetzschner, bey der Universitat Buchdrucker, 1750. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-23] 136. Register [16]. Symbolic frontispiece included in the 
 pagination. Title red and black on three pp. 
 
 GRAVEN HORST, Die Gebruder. 
 
 Aus dem Glauberschen Wundersalze wahren Schwefel hervorzubringen, ohne 
 Beihiilfe des Feuers. 
 See ALLGEMEIN nutzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 185. 
 
 This is a reprint of one of the few tracts pub- red alum, and Brunswick green (oxychloride of 
 
 lished by the brothers. The sulphur was obtained copper), of which he was the inventor. He died 
 
 by allowing a piece of wormwood to putrify in a at Brunswick, 14 April, 1781 (1782, Fuchs). The 
 
 solution ^of Glauber's salt. The cause of the younger brother, Christoph Julius, was born at 
 
 separation was accounted for on the phlogistic Brunswick in 1731. He was in company with his 
 
 hypothesis, which was quite competent for the brother, and carried on the works by himself after 
 
 purpose. his brother's death. He himself died at Brunswick, 
 
 Of the two brothers, the elder, Johann Heinrich, 17 January, 1794. 
 
 was born at Brunswick, 20 Oct., 1719. Beginning They had a method of coating iron, copper, and 
 
 as a clerk at Celle he became a brewer, travelled to brass, with tin, which was the best at the time, 
 
 improve his education, and began business along They published a few papers on the substances 
 
 with his brother as a chemical manufacturer. He they manufactured, Brunswick, 1769, and five short 
 
 was the first to start the making of Sal ammoniac papers on Brunswick green, 1771-1778. 
 in Germany in 1759, and to prepare Glauber's salt, 
 
 I. L. ab Indagine, Trifolium, 1771, p. 3 (against Meusel, lexicon der von 1750 bis 1800 verstor- 
 
 Gravenhorst). benen teutschen Schrifisteller , 1804, iv. p. 334. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 588 ; Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 1799, iii. pp. 24, 52, 53, 891. 1806-08, p. 544. 
 
 Pott, Biographic. Kopp, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1845, iii. pp. 240, 
 
 Crell, N. Entdeckungen, iv. p. 78. 309. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum. C hernia, Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 1803, p. 151. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 94.3. 
 
344 GREGORIUSGREIFF 
 
 GREGORIUS (PETRUS). 
 
 Syntaxes Artis Mirabilis, in Libros Septem digestae. Per quas de omni re 
 proposita, multis & prope infinitis rationibus disputari, aut tractari, omniumque 
 summaria cognitio haberi potest. Authore D. Petro Gregorio Tholosano I. V. 
 Doctore, nunc in noua Academia Lotharingica Pontis Camassonij professore 
 publico. 
 
 Virtute Duce, Comite Fortuna. 
 
 Lugduni, Apud Ant. Gryphium. M.D.LXXXIII. Cum priuilegio Regiae 
 Maiestatis. 
 
 16. Pp. [16] 190 [2 blank]. Gryphius' emblem on the title-page. 
 
 Syntaxes Artis Mirabilis Alter Tomus. In quo, omnium scientiarum & artium 
 tradita est epitome, vnde facilius istius artis studiosus, de omnibus propositis, possit 
 rationes & ornamenta rarissima proferre. . . . Lugduni, . . . M.D.LXXXV. 
 
 Pp. 1055. Index [123, 4 blank] pp. 89-102 are folding. A plate of the winds. 
 
 Commentaria in Prolegomena Syntaxewn Mirabilis Artis, Per quam de omnibus 
 disputatur, habetiirque cognitio. Authore D. Petro Gregorio Tholosano I. V. 
 Doctore, nunc in noua Academia Lotharingica Pontis Camassonij professore 
 publico. 
 
 Virtute Duce, Comite Fortuna. 
 
 Lugduni, Apud Ant. Gryphium. M.D.LXXXIII. Cum priuilegio Regiae 
 Maiestatis. 
 
 Pp. 304, 350, 2 blank. Index, &c. [63, i blank], Gryphius' emblem. 
 
 Commentaria in Syntaxes Artis Mirabilis. Per quas de omnibus disputatur, 
 habeturq; cognitio, in Libros VIII. digesta, In quibus plura omnino scitu 
 necessaria pro illarum explanatione tractantur : quorum Elenchum habes 
 proxime sequent! pagella. Auctore Petro Gregorio Tholosano I. V. Doctore, 
 Professore & Decano in Academia Lotharingica Potimussana. Tomus I. 
 Lugduni, Apud loa. Pillehotte. Sub Signo lesu. 1587. Cum priuilegiis 
 Csesareae Maiestatis, & Christianissimi Galliarum Regis. 
 
 8. Pp. 322. 
 
 Tomus II. 1587. Pp. [16] 930 [6] 101 [3 blank]. Index [93, 3 blank]. Folding 
 table. 
 
 Tomus III. In quo acutissimte, vtilissimas, & sublimes tractationes de Deo 
 cotinentur . . . 1587. Pp. [8] 734 [2 blank]. Index [64]. 
 
 Tomus IIII. Pars prior. In quo . . . tractationes de Angelis, & de Immortalitate 
 Animag continentur. Pp. [62, 2 blank] 237 [3 blank]. Pars posterior. De Immor- 
 talitate Animse, libri tres, pp. [72] 464 [4 blank]. 
 
 Gregorius was a lawyer, doctor and professor at books on law, and he was possessed of vast 
 Cahors, then at Toulouse, and finally at Pont a erudition, as Bayle says. He died in 1595. His 
 Mousson in Lorraine. He wrote a number of books do not deal with alchemy or chemistry. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca CAimica, 1654, p. 107. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, col. 1168. 
 ii. p. 609. 
 
 GREIFF (FRIDERICH). 
 
 Zehen der edlen vnd kostlichen Artzneyen, die aufs den fiirnembsten Stiicken 
 zusammen vermist, vnd auff Chymische Art bereittet, zu mancherley Kranck- 
 heiten dienlich in vnderschiedlicher Form sicher zugebrauchen, schneller 
 Wurckung, vnd lieblich einzunemmen sind. Vnder welchen den Vorzug 
 hat Theriaca Coelestis Qvercetani, oder der Chymische Theriac. Neben 
 
GfiEIFF GREISEL 345 
 
 GREIFF (FRIDERICH). Continued. 
 
 diesem sind vier Elixir, Als : Elixir defs Lebens aufs dem Quercetano. 
 Schweifstreibend Elixir von der Theriac. Purgierend Elixir der Augspurger. 
 Ruh Elixir aufs dem Laudano. Auff diese folgen die andere fiinff, Als : 
 Erbrech Latwerg. Laxir Fillulen. Ruh Latwerg. Alles aufs dem Mynsicht. 
 Purgier Pulver defs Graffen von Warwich. Vnd das Gold Pulver Alexandri 
 Sidonii Scoti. Sampt kurtzer Beschreibung, wie vnd warumb sie also 
 bereitet, was ihre Wiirckung, wie sie zu gebrauchen, vnd was sie an Gelt 
 gestehen. In defs Loblichen Collegii Medici in Tubingen, auch Herrn 
 Rectoris, aller Facultat Professorum, Doctorum vnd Studenten Beyseyn, von 
 den aufserlefsnesten Stiicken auffgelegt vnd bereittet. Von Friderich Greiffen, 
 Medicinae Candidate vnd Chymiatro in Tubingen. Tubingen, Getruckt 
 bey Philibert Brunnen, Itn Jahr 1641. 
 
 4. Pp. 16. 
 
 Consignatio Medicamentorum, tarn Galenice quam Chymice compositorum 
 et praeparatorum, quse pro tempore in Officina Greiffiana prostant, in 
 Augustanorum tamen dispensatorio auctiori & nuper edito, exceptis paucis, 
 non reperiuntur, additis eorundem Autoribus, summa dosi, & pretio conscripta 
 & communicata. k Friderico Greiffio, Tubingae, Typis Philaberti Brunnii, 
 Anno M.DC.XLI. 
 
 4. Pp. 15 [i blank]. 
 
 Greiff was born 29 Oct., 1601, lived, and died Decasnobilissimorum medicamentorum Galenico- 
 
 20 Nov., 1668, at Tubingen. His father was an Chymico modo compositorum et praeparatorum, 
 
 apothecary, and the son, after taking the degree of Tubing. 1641, 4. 
 
 Phil. M. in 1620 with great distinction, and not Consignatio medicamentorum omnium, quoe in 
 
 proceeding to medicine as his father wished, went officina prostant, Tubing. 1632, 1634, 4. 
 
 into his business instead, turned his attention to Kurtze Beschreibung einer sehr geschmeidigen 
 
 chemistry, and finally to the preparation of chemical Feldapothek, Tubingen, 1642, 16. 
 
 remedies, especially the ' Theriaca coelestis ' of Sieben auserlesene trockne Arzneyen, Tub. 1660, 
 
 Quercetanus above mentioned. 12. 
 
 The above book appeared also in Latin : He wrote also religious works, and some psalms 
 
 and hymns. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 806. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practicce, 1777, ii. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, p. 599 ; 1779, iii. p. 398. 
 
 1688, p. 1407. ^y.' Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicontm, 1778, ii. p. 384. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 512. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chcmie, 1797, i. p. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 584. 
 
 p. 361. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1751', ii. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 950. 
 
 col. 1169. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervor- 
 
 ragenden Aerzle, 1885, ii. p. 645. 
 
 GREISEL (JOHANN GEORG). 
 
 Tractatus Medicus De Cura Lactis In Arthritide. In quo indagata natura 
 lactis & Arthritidis tandem rationibus, & experientiis allatis diseta lactea 
 optima Arthritidem curandi methodus proponitur a Job. Georgio Greisel, 
 Philosophise & Medicinae Doctore. Editio secunda auctior & correctior. 
 Budissinae, Impensis Joh. Wilischii, Typis Andreas Richteri, M.DC.LXXXI. 
 
 12. Pp. [41, 5 blank] 240 [26], 
 
 Greisel was born at Vienna, was a physician in died 18 May, 1684, but Adelung says at Vienna, 
 the army, professor of anatomy at Vienna, and He was a member of the Leopoldine Academy, and 
 finally physician at Znaym in Moravia, where he its Acts contain a number of dissertations by him. 
 
346 
 
 GREISEL- GRE WER 
 
 GREISEL (JOHANN GEORG). Continued. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 587. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 513. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, Halas, 1755, P- 4^5, No. 38. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Bolanica, 1771, i. p. 566. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicincc practices, 1779, 
 iii. p. 283. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung . . . zu . . . Jochers . . . 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1603. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 
 215. 
 
 Dictionnaire E.ncyclopedtque des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, <]eme Serie, 1884, x. p. 608. 
 
 GREW (NEHEMIAH). 
 
 Experiences sur le combat qui arrive du melange de diverses liqueurs avec 
 toutes sortes de corps. 
 
 See RECUEIL d'experiences, 1679, p. i. 
 
 Grew, son of the Rev. Obadiah Grew, was born 
 in 1641. He studied at Pembroke Hall, Cam- 
 bridge, and graduated B.A. in 1661. An essay on 
 vegetable anatomy, which was read to the Royal 
 Society and printed in 1671, procured him the 
 fellowship of that society. The same year he 
 received the degree of M.D. at Leyden, and 
 entered on practice, first at Coventry, but soon 
 after at London. His book on the anatomy of 
 vegetables was published in 1672. Others on the 
 same subject followed, and he also published a 
 number of chemical papers on solution and certain 
 points relating to plants between the years 1674-79. 
 On Oldenburg's death Grew was appointed in 1677 
 secretary of the Royal Society, and he edited the 
 Transactions for 1678-79. In 1680 he was admitted 
 an honorary fellow of the College of Physicians, 
 and in 1681 appeared his catalogue of the Rarities 
 belonging to the Royal Society, which was re- 
 issued in 1694. 
 
 Ada Lipsiensia, 1682, Mens. Mart, p. 57, p. i, 
 ccii. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 827. 
 
 Wood, Athenaz Oxonienses, 1721, ii. col. 837-38; 
 ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. col. 267, 630, 773. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 514. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 689. 
 
 Morhof, Pplyhistor, 1732 (ii. i. i, 9), ii. p. 277 ; 
 (iii. 7. i, 5), iii. p. 603. 
 
 John Ward, The Lives of the Professors of 
 Gresham College, 1740, pp. 182, 233. 
 
 Kestner, Medicirnsches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 362. 
 
 Chaufepie", Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1750, ii, Letter G, pp. 91-3. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodus Studii Medici, ed. Haller, 
 1751, pp. 138, 147. 
 
 Biographia Bntannica, 1757, iv. p. 2402. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de F Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 550, etc. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1771, i. pp. 562-64. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 665. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 387- 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1803, iv. p. 561. 
 
 Then in 1682 his chief work on the anatomy of 
 plants was published which has gained him the 
 reputation of being one of the most distinguished 
 naturalists of the seventeenth century. He wrote 
 a pamphlet in 1684 on ' New Experiments and 
 useful observations concerning Sea Water made 
 fresh according to the patentee's Invention,' but of 
 all his investigations that which is of the greatest 
 interest to the chemist refers to his examination of 
 mineral water at Epsom and the discovery in it of 
 magnesium sulphate : Tractatus dc salis cathartici 
 amari in aquis Ebeshamensibus et hnjusmodi aliis 
 contenti natura et usu, London, 1695, and in 
 English in 1697 and 1700. 
 
 His work entitled Cosmologia Sacra, or a Dis- 
 course of the Universe as it is the Creature and 
 Kingdom of God, appeared in 1701. 
 
 Grew died suddenly 25 March, 1712. His 
 funeral sermon, " Enoch's Translation," by the 
 Rev. John Shower, was preached at Old Jewry, and 
 published in 1712. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 p. 44 ; App. iv. p. xxvi. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xvi. p. 314. 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xvii. sign. B 4 recto. 
 
 Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25). iv. p. 5i9- 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 52. 
 
 Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, i. 
 pp. 261, 278, 280. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1857, xvii. p. 512. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gdnirale, 1859, xxii. col. 4. 
 
 Munk, The Roll of the Royal College of 
 Physicians of London, 1861, i. p. 382. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 952. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1871, 
 xc. p. 437 (article by Ph. H. Kiilb). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 282, 285. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 606 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 487. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Medi- 
 cales, 4eme Serie, 1884, x. p. 685. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervurra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 643. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1890, xxiii. 
 p. 166 (article by G. S. Boulger). 
 
 GREWER (JODOCUS). 
 
 Secretum nobilissimum et verissimum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iii. p. 699. 
 
GRE WER-GROSSCHEDEL 
 
 347 
 
 GREWER (JODOCUS). Continued. 
 
 The Secrettim, edited by Jost Balbian, was 
 published at Leyden, 1588, 1599, 8. 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurccr Menscr, 1617, p. 268. 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Ckimica, 1654, pp. 108, 266. 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum C/ie>nicorum, 
 1697, p. 25, No. xxxvi. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 161. 
 Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 261. 
 
 The author was a priest, but that is all I have 
 found about him. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 179. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 134 ; 
 
 1869, ii. p. 129. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliothcq lie Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 1870, No. 961. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 350. 
 
 GRIENSTEIN (J. J.). 
 
 See PHILOTHEUS de Limitibus, Das Hermetische Triklinium, 1792. 
 
 GRIM (HERRMAN NIKLAS). 
 
 Laboratorium Chymicum, Gehouden op het voortreffelycke Eylandt Ceylon, 
 Soo in 't Animalische, Vegetabilische, als Mineralische Ryck. Wordende de 
 Liefhebberen niet alleen de Prseparatien der selve trouwelyck op-geteyckent, 
 maer oock desselver gebruyck, en hoedanigh sy moeten geadhibeert worden. 
 Dienende tot een bewys, hoe dat men de swaere Eysschen te vooren gedaen, 
 grootelycks verminderen, en van betere bedienen kan. Door Hermannus 
 Nicolai Grim, Medicinae Doctor, in dienst der Edele Nederlandtsche Oost 
 Indische Compagnie. Batavia, Gedruckt by Abraham van den Eede, 
 Boeckdrucker der E. Compagnie, wonende in de Princ.e-straet, in de 
 Batavische Mercurius, Anno 1677. 
 
 8. Pp. [15, i blank] 108. Index [5]. Errata [2] [i blank]. 
 
 Grim (1641-1771) was a Dane by birth, travelled 
 widely, and had a great knowledge of foreign 
 simples. He was the author of various papers, as 
 well as of some books, such as Compendium medico- 
 chymicum. 
 
 Acta Eruditorum, 1682, p. 38 (review of the 
 Compendium medico-chymicum, Batav. 1677). 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehr ten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 363- 
 
 Job. Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 249. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1186. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 388. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1827, i. p. 161. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire Historique de la Aftfde- 
 cine, 1835, II. ii. p. 631. 
 
 In Dr. Cullen's Sale Catalogue of Medical Books 
 (18 1-?), p. 97, there is quoted: Pielat (Barth), 
 Laboratorium Ceylonicum, Amst. 1679, 12. This 
 seems to be a pirated edition, and Kestner com- 
 plains that the author of the work is never once 
 named by the translator. 
 
 Biographiskt lexicon ofver namtikunnige Svenska 
 man, Upsala, 1839, v. p. 203. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 284 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 275. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-hterarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 954. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme Se'rie, 1884, x. p. 702. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 gendcn Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 653. 
 
 Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1892, v. p. 201 
 (article by Jul. Petersen). 
 
 GRONING (C. G.). 
 
 See TRIEWALD (MARTIN), 1795. 
 
 GROSSCHEDEL QOHANN BAPTIST). 
 
 Proteus Mercurialis Geminus, exhibens Naturam Metallorum, id est, Operis 
 Philosophic! Theoriam & eiusdem praxin, siue Compositionem Lapidis secreti 
 per Philosophorum sententias & authoritates elucidatus. Quod clarius ex 
 titulis vnicuique tractatui praefixis, cuiuis legend facile patebit. Per Johannem 
 Baptistam Grosschedelium ab Aicha, Equitem Romanum, Philosophum & 
 Chymicum. Francofurti, Sumptibus Lucae Jennisii, Anno M DC XXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. 195 [i blank]. 
 
34& GROSSCHEDEL 
 
 GROSSCHEDEL (JOHANN BAPTIST). Continued. 
 The titles referred to are these : 
 
 P. 9. 
 
 Discursus Philosophicus de Natura Metallorum et Lapide Philosophorum, ex veris 
 Magins Naturalis fundamentis depromptus, publicceque Vtilitati traditus per Johanneni 
 Baptistam Grosschedclium ab Aicha, Equitem Roinanum, Philosophum & Chymicuni. 
 Francofurti, Sumptibus Lucas Jennisii, Anno M DC XXIX. 
 
 P. 105. 
 
 Mineralis, seu Physici Metallorum Lapidis diligens et accurata Descriptio : ad 
 Macro- et Microcosm! Philosophicam Metamorphosin : per Johannem Baptistam Gros- 
 schedelium ab Aicha, Equitem Romanum, Philosophum & Chymicum. Francofurti 
 ad Moenum, Sumptibus Lucas Jennisii, Anno M DC XXIX. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy speaks of a 4 edition. He Gmelin quotes an edition of Hamburg, 1705. 
 also refers to the Mineralis . . . Lapidis There is certainly one of Hamburg, 1706. 
 Descriptio, as if it were a separate book. 
 
 Trifolium Hermeticum : oder, Hermetisches Kleeblat : 
 I. Von der Allgemeinen Natur : 
 
 II. Von der besondern, vnd der menschlichen Kunst : 
 III. Von der verborgenen und geheimen Weifsheit : 
 In welchem das grosse Buch der Natur, in seinen dreyen Reichen, als 
 nemblichen, dem Animalischen, Vegetabilischen, vnd Mineralischen, auffgethan 
 vnnd erklart wird, nach aufsweisung eines jeden absonderlichen beygefiigten 
 Tittels an seinem orth : Durch lohannem Baptistam Grofsschedel von 
 Aicha, Equitem Romanam, Philochymicum. Franckfurt am Mayn, In 
 Verlegung Lucae Jennisii. Im Jahr, M DC XXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [9, i blank] 269 [i blank]. 4 woodcuts. 
 
 The tracts have separate title-pages : 
 
 Erleuterung defs Allgewaltigen grossen Buchs der Natur, welches von dem All- 
 machtigen Gott und Schopffer der Welt selbsten in 3. vnterschiedliche Bletter oder 
 regna abgetheilet, verfast und begriffen, darin aller Animalien, Vegetabilien vnd 
 Mineralien, Geburt, Herkommen, Wachsung vnd Mehrung verfast, vnd klarlicb 
 begriffen ist : Daraufs ein jeder Kunstliebender den rechten grund, vnd wahren 
 verstand, den Lapidem Philosophorum zu praeparirn, sonnenklar fassen vnd erlernen 
 kan : Durch lohannem Baptistam Grofsschedel von Aicha, Equitem Romanum, 
 Philochymicum. Franckfurt am Mayn. In Verlegung Lucas Jennisii, Im Jahr, 
 M DC XXIX. 
 
 P. 67. 
 
 Grundlich- vnd wahrhafftiger Bericht, wie beydes die Natur vnd Kunst, aufs 
 einem einigen fundamento herkommen, darinn bestehen, und jhre beyde Operationes 
 vnd Wirckungen gleichformig zu gliicklichem endt bringen vnd verrichten miissen : 
 Aueh was das Vniuersal Subiectum der Natur, vnd Kunst, dadurch der Lapis 
 Philosophoru, oder das Magnum Mysterium Philosophorum durch Kunst, mil hiilff 
 der Natur, miisse verrichtet, vnd gemacht werden : Durch lohannem Baptistam 
 Grofsschedel von Aicha, Equitem Romanum, Philochymicum. Franckfurt am 
 
 Mayn. In Verlegung Lucas Jennisii, Im lahr, M DC XXIX. 
 
 P. 199. 
 
 Magias Naturalis Declaratio : Das ist : Griindtlicher Bericht vnnd Trewhertzige 
 Wahrnung, an alle vnnd jede Exorcisten der Magias, Cabalas vnd Necromantias, wie 
 darinnen vorsichtiglich zu wandeln, auch wie jeder hiedurch Christlich vnd zulessig den 
 Engel defs Liecbts an sich bringen, jhm dienstbahr machen, vnd zu gewiinschtem End 
 durch Gottes Zulassung kommen moge. Durch lohannem Baptistam Grofsschedel 
 von Aicha, der wahren Gottlichen vnd Natiirlichen Magias Trewen Liebhabern. 
 Franckfurt am Mayn. In Verlegung Lucas Jennisii, Im Jahr, M DC XXIX. 
 
 A list of Grosschedel's works is given by Gmelin. in ' Patent form,' and having been published by J. 
 
 Of these the most curious is the Calendarium Theod. de Bry. The version of it which I have 
 
 Naturale magicum perpetuum. Nothing seems to seen is a manuscript in imitated printed letters, in 
 
 be recorded about the author. black and red, with astrological and symbolical 
 
 The Calendarium is described by Gmelin as engravings, presumably those above mentioned, 
 
 having been engraved in copper by Matth. Merian inserted in the text. 
 
GROSSCHEDEL-GRUNDLICHE 349 
 
 GROSSCHEDEL QOHANN BAPTIST). Continued. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 108. Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 85. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovattts, 1686, p. 527. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 522, 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 162. 562. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 377. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 527. Hoefer, Histoire de l^. Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 327 ; 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metalliccs, 1869, ii. p. 319. 
 
 1732, p. 63. \ J a.&ra.g\\e.,BibliothequeOuvaroff,Sciences Secretes, 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1870, No. 1079. 
 
 Hermttiqne, 1742, iii. p. 179. Kopp, Die Alckemie, 1886, ii. pp. 338, 368. 
 
 GROSSE (Die) Arglistigkeit derer sich der Satan bedienet bey der wahren 
 Alchymie um die unverstandigen Sucher des Philosophischen Steins in alles 
 zeitliche und ewige verderben zu stiirtzen, zur treuhertzigen Warnung und 
 besser Anweisung entdecket von einem dessen Wahl-Spruch 1st : 
 In Christi Horto Dantur Thesauri Maximi Pretiosissimique. 
 Erfurt, zu finden bey Augustino Crusio, 1731. 
 
 12. Pp. 45 [3 blank]. 
 See by the same author : Kurtzer und griindlicher Unterricht vom wahren Trinck-Golde. 
 
 GROSSE (Der) und Kleine Bauer. 
 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 GRUNDLICH (Ein) philosophisch Sendschreiben. 
 
 See P. (j.), 1779- 
 GRUNDLICHE Beschreibung von denen Particular- und Universal-Tincturen. 
 
 See THEORETISCH und praktischer Wegweiser zur hdhern Chemie, 1773, P- * 
 
 GRUNDLICHE (Eine) Untersuchung und Entdeckung der Art und Eigenschafft 
 des Goldes. 
 
 See H. (E.), Ein ausfuhrlicher Tractat von Philosophischen Werck des Steins der 
 Weisen, 1702, p. 45. 
 
 GRUNDLICHE Widerlegung etlicher Johan-Rudolff Glaubers zu Amsterdam 
 herausgegebner Schrifften, sonderlich aber derer, darinnen er seine vermeynte 
 Verbesserung der Metallen, aus blossem Bley oder Bley-Ertz Q und ]) mit 
 grofsem Nutzen zu bringen, statuiret, wie der hintennachgesetzte Glaubrische 
 Procefs mit mehrerm weiset, nebst Eroffnung seiner darzu gehorigen, doch 
 bifshero von ihm in grofser Geheim gehaltenen, und allein vor sehr hohen 
 Preifs feilen, nun aber sender Entgelt zu aller Welt Wissenschafft in Kupffer 
 gebrachten Destruir- und Reducir-Oefen. Anno 1661. 
 8. Pp. [2] 184 [i, i blank]. Plates III.-VI. 
 
 The volume has another title for which the above seems to have been substituted. 
 It is as follows : 
 
 Nothwendige Refutation auff etliche Johann-Rudolph Glaubers zu Amsterdam 
 unwahre bifshero aufsgelafsene Biicher von Verbesserung der Metallen insonderheit 
 aber wider dessen heraufsgegebenen Ersten Appendicem oder Erklarung seines 
 Ftinfften Theils Teutschlandes Wohlfahrt, und hernachgedruckten und beygelegten 
 Octav-Blattleins, in welchen Er, Glauber, ehrliche Leute Vndancks zur Ungebiihr 
 beschuldiget, und sonsten Ehrenriihrig antastet. Womit remonstriret wird, Dafs 
 Glauber vielmehr das Contrarium zu uberfiihren, und er selber redliche Leute in 
 seinen geriihmten Remonstrationen hintergangen, wider besser Wissen und Gewissen 
 ungebiihrliche Reverse selbigen abgenijthiget, und so fort selbselbsten an seinen 
 promissen untreu worden, darin sein Vorgeben aus blofsen Bley oder Bley-Ertzt und 
 }) mit grofsem Nutzen zu bringe, nebenst seinem Alckahest, Auro potabili, und anderm 
 mehr, gantz falsch befunden worden : Jedermanniglichen vor dergleichen Unwarheit 
 nachrichtlich zu warnen. 
 
350 
 
 GR UNDLICHE GR UMME T 
 
 GRUNDLICHE Widerlegung. Continued. 
 
 Gott zu Ehren 
 
 Das Bose zu verwehren 
 
 Und sich redlich zu nehren. 
 
 von 
 
 C. D. M. A. S. 
 
 Einem Liebhabern gegriindeter Philosophischer Schrifften, welcher der Warheit 
 Freund, und der betrieglichen Alchymisterey Feind. Zu Leipzig in Druck geben 
 Anno M DC LXI. 
 
 GRULING (PHILIP). 
 
 D. O. M. A. Philippi Grulingii Stolbergensis Medici Florilegium Chymicum, 
 hoc est, Libellus Insignis de quorundam Medicamentorum Chymicorum, 
 utpote; Essentiarum, Magisteriorum, Extractorum, Salium, Tincturarum, 
 Florum, Crocorum, Oleorum, Spirituum, Foecularum, Balsamorum, Aquarum, 
 Pulverum, &c. vera Prseparatione, recto Usu & certa Dosi, multis exemplis, 
 observationibusq; illustratus, & tali ordine dispositus, ut in curandis morbis 
 cuilibet Medico cumulate sufficiat. 
 
 Cato, Utilium rerum scientia non est premenda, sed per manus tradenda. 
 Lipske, Impensis Gothofredi GrosI Bibliopolae. Anno M.DC.XXXI 
 
 12. Pp. [24] 476 [27, i blank]. 
 
 Gruling, or Grilling, was born in 1593 at 
 Stolberg in the Harz. He was conrector at Nord- 
 hausen, studied medicine at a later age than 
 usual, and rendered distinguished service to Nord- 
 hausen in 1626 during the plague. The year 
 following he settled at Stolberg, and became the 
 Count's physician and Biirgermeister. He died in 
 1667 (1666), aged 74. He was the author of 
 several works. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Serif Us Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 405. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 912. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Yyy 2 
 verso, Ann. 1666. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 533. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1740, 
 
 P- 364- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 HermMique, 1742, iii. p. 180. 
 
 Matthise, Conspectus Historice Medicorum chrono- 
 logic us, 1761, p. 578. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomieet de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 423. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 562. 
 
 The above is the first edition of the Florikgium, 
 and it appeared again in 1644, 1665, 4. In these 
 mention is made of peruvian bark. 
 
 Curationum dogmatico-Hermeticarum centuria 
 prima, Lips. 1638, enlarged with other six 
 ' centuriae, ' Northusag, 1662, 4; Lipsiae, 1668, 4. 
 The others are medical, and do not refer to 
 chemistry. His collected works : Opera Omnia in 
 quatuor Tomos distributa, Lips. 1680, 8. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii. 
 p. 598. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. 392. 
 
 Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 528. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 288. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mede- 
 cine, 1835, II. ii. p. 635. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, p. 483. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 668. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Midi- 
 cales, 4eme Serie, 1886, xi. p. 349. 
 
 GRUMMET (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 Tractatlein vom Blut der Natur. 
 See BRUMMET (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 See also GUMMERT (THEOPHORUS). 
 
 Christoph Grummet was Kunckel's assistant in 
 Dresden, and in the belief that Kunckel had dis- 
 covered transmutation was annoyed that he had 
 not perceived the process, and thereupon proceeded 
 to slander Kunckel in a way which caused him 
 much trouble. Kunckel gave afterwards a full 
 account of the affair. Grummet attacked him in 
 
 his tract, Vom Nitro oder Bhit der Natur, 
 Dresden, 1677, 4 ; Wittenberg, 1678, 8 ; with a 
 vindication, Leipzig, 1679, 8; and he wrote Sol 
 non sine veste, Rothenburg, 1685, 12, against 
 Orschall. Weigel gives the authors name as 
 Brummet and says that the form Grummet is due 
 to a misprint. 
 
GR UMME TG UBBIO 
 
 GRUMMET (CHRISTOPH). Continued. 
 
 Kunckel, Laboratorium Chymicum, 1716, p. 
 606 ; 1722, p. 606. 
 
 Die Rdelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 290. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecee Metallicce, 
 1732, p. 63. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der liohern Cfietme, 1785, 
 PP. 354. 533- 
 
 Weigel, Einleitung zurallgemeinen Scheidekunst , 
 1788, i. p. 372. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 28. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 1 86. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 
 
 45, 454- 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 372. 
 
 GRUND SATZE. 
 
 See HUNDERT und dreissig Grund-Satze. 
 
 GRUNDTLICHER Bericht, was die warhafftige Kunst Alchemia jnnhaltC vnd 
 vermag, in Via universal! et particular!. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz- und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii. 
 
 p. 163. 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, 1708-1718, p. 479. 
 
 GUALDUS (FRIDERICUS). 
 
 [Schreiben des Gualdi an D. C. von R. und an Herrn N. N.] 
 
 Sec CHYMIPHILUS (j. j.), Der wahren chymischen Weisheit Offenbahrung, 1720, 
 pp. 104-142. 
 
 Gualdi, Gualdo, Gualdus, Fridericus or Ludo- 
 vicus, is considered an Italian by some, by others 
 a German with the name Friedrich or Ludwig 
 Walter. 
 
 He was resident at Venice in 1680 or thereby, 
 and though he made no show he was able to assist 
 a noble family to put mines, which they were unable 
 to carry on, into a prosperous condition. A mutual 
 inclination sprang up between him and the daughter, 
 but the obstacle to their union lay in his not 
 belonging to the same class of society. This was 
 got over, however, by his giving or lending to the 
 Republic a large sum of money which seems to 
 have conferred on him the requisite rank, but 
 nothing more is recorded either about the marriage 
 or the money. Gualdus was known to possess a 
 small but very fine collection of pictures. The 
 nobleman, according to another account, a painter 
 and critic, examining the collection, came upon a 
 portrait obviously intended for Gualdus, which he 
 at once recognised as the work of Titian, who died 
 in 1576. Gualdus did not deny the fact, but gave 
 no explanation, and left Venice the following 
 morning, so that the mystery remained unsolved. 
 Nothing more was heard of him, but he is alluded 
 to in the Compass der Weisen, 1782, as being still 
 alive, and nearly 600 years old. When he was in 
 Venice, a couple of centuries earlier, he seemed a 
 
 Keren Happuch , . . oder Teutsches Peg/ever der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 112 (refers to the preceding 
 book, and discusses the probability of Gualdus' 
 story). 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 262. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermctique, 1742, iii. p. 180. 
 
 Cohausen, Hermippus Redivivns, English trans- 
 lation, London, 1748, p. 84. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 86. 
 (Fictuld's account does not tally with the current 
 
 GUBBIO. 
 
 See QUATTRAMI DA GUBBEO. 
 
 man of middle age, though he asserted that he was 
 much older, and the portrait apparently represented 
 him as he then was, though it must have been 
 painted more than a century previously. 
 
 The narrative is told with various embellishments, 
 but there seems to have been some foundation for 
 it, as the existence cf a person with these pretensions 
 was currently reported at the time. 
 
 The prose of the romance is furnished by the 
 work quoted by Gmelin : " Der entlarvte Gualdus 
 sive Frid. Gualdus ex se ipso mendacii et imposturae 
 convictus, das ist, ausfuhrlicher Beweifs, dafs 
 dasjenige, was von einem 400 Jahrigen Venetian- 
 ischen Edelmanne und seiner Medicin vorgegeben 
 wird, mehr fiir eine Fabel als wahrhaffte Geschichte 
 zu halten." This seems to have accompanied 
 Gmelin's copy of the Communication (see the 
 following), but I have not met with it. 
 
 Communication einer vortrefflichen Chymischen 
 Medicin, Kraft we/cAer . . . der beriihmte Vene- 
 tianische Edelmann Fridericus Gualdus, sein Leben 
 auff 400. Jahr zu diesen unsern Zeiten conservirt, 
 und kiirlzlich noch Anno 1688. zu Venedig zu 
 sehen gewesen. Augsburg, 1700. 12. Pp. [60, 
 including a portrait of Gualdus] 94 [2 blank"!. 
 This is said to be translated from precious English 
 and Italian MSS. The second part contains the 
 letters to and from Gualdus, above mentioned. 
 
 one, and he speaks of two persons of the same 
 name.) 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 502. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 334. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A khemie, 1832, p. 464. 
 
 Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 p. 17. 
 
 Jennings, The Rosicrucians, 1870, p. 23 (adapted 
 from Cohausen). 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. ror. 
 
352 GULDENS GUNTHER 
 
 GULDENE (Das) Fliifs. 
 
 See MOGLIN (JOHANN LUDWIG). 
 
 GULDENE (Die) Hoffnung, wie dieselbe von denen sich selbst-angebenden 
 Alchymisten, oder Hern-Goldmachern, in dem Hertzen derer Gold- 
 Begierigen gezeuget; Durch vergebliche Unkosten in dem Laboratorio 
 ernahret : In siissen Traumen ausgebohren : Am Ende aber, und auff der 
 Capelle als eine Nichts-wiirdige Asche u. Thorheit erkannt wird. Allen 
 denen, so wiircklich mit der Alchymisterey schwanger gehen, oder gar in 
 der Geburts-Arbeit schwitzen, zur Uberlegung vorgestellet von Einem Lieb- 
 haber der wahren Weifsheit. Anno 1721. 
 
 Without place and printer's name. 
 4. Pp. 31 [i blank]. 
 
 GULDENE (Die) Rose. 
 See v. (j. R.). 
 
 GULDENE (Das) Vliefs. 
 
 See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS). 
 
 GULDENER (Ein) Tractat vom Philosophischen Steine. Von einem noch 
 Lebenden, doch vngenanten Philosopho den Filiis Doctrinse zur Lehre, den 
 Fratribus aureae Crucis aber zur Nachrichtung beschrieben. Anno 
 
 M.DC.XXV. 
 
 4. Pp. 11-66. Vignette. 
 
 This is a tract taken out of the German transla- version : Traclatus aureus de lapide philosophico, 
 tion of the Museum Hermeticum. For the Latin see MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. i. 
 
 GULDENFALK (SIEGMUND HEINRICH). 
 
 Sammlung von mehr als hundert wahrhaften Transmutations-geschichten, oder 
 ganz ausserordentlich merkwiirdige Beyspiele von Verwandlung der Metallen 
 in Gold oder Silber nebst der Art und Weise wie damit verfahren worden. 
 Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Siegmund Heinrich Giildenfalk. Fiirstl. 
 Hessen-Darmstadtischen Ober-Landkommissair. Frankfurt und Leipzig, 
 
 bey Job. Georg. Fleischer. 1784. 
 
 8. Pp. xxxvi. 443 [i blank]. 
 A volume of the von Schb'nfeldsche Lesebibliothek. 
 
 Giildenfalk left the Hesse-Darmstadt service and metrical translation of the Psalms, Frankfurt, 1783, 
 retired in 1780 to Frankfurt a. M. and then to 8, and Die himmlische und hermetische Perle, oder 
 Homburg an der Hohe. He died in Sept. 1787, die gottliche und naturliche Tinktur der Weisen, 
 but his age is not recorded. He published a Frankf. 1785, 8. 
 
 Archivfiir Freimiiurer und Rosenkreuser, 1785, Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 
 p. 402 (an unfavourable notice, taking the compiler 549, 595. 
 to task for his uncritical method). \^?a&r l &.%P K .,BibliothequeOuvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 1870, Nos. 562, 1418-19. 
 v erstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller, 1804, iv. p. 457. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 89. 
 
 GUNTHER (SIMON). 
 
 Hortulus Sanitatis Amoenissimus. Hoc est : de Tuenda et Conservanda Bona 
 Valetudine omnibus Literatis et Peregrinantibus Libellus accommodatissimus 
 & maxima necessarius, in lucem editus cum Indice locupletissimo a Simone 
 
G UNTHERGUIBERT 
 
 353 
 
 GUNTHER (SIMON). Continued. 
 
 Giinthero Gransoviensi Marchico. In Nobili Spira, Typis Augustini 
 Scheideri, Impensis Authoris, & Heliae Kembachij. Anno M. DC. VIII. 
 
 12. Pp. 155 [i blank] ; Index [n, i blank]. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 971. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 405. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice?, 1777, ii. 
 P- 403- 
 
 GUERRE des Chevaliers. 
 
 See ANCIENNE (L 3 ) Guerre des Chevaliers. 
 
 GUTMANN (AEGIDIUS). 
 
 See GUTMANN (AEGIDIUS). 
 
 GUIBERT (NICOLAS). 
 
 Alchymia Ratione et Experientia ita demum viriliter impugnata & expugnata, 
 vna cum suis fallacijs & deliramentis, quibus homines imbubinarat: vt 
 nunquam imposterum se erigere valeat. Auctore Nicolao Guiberto, Lotharingo, 
 Doctore Medico. Item de Balsamo, eiusque lachrymse quod Opobalsamum 
 dicitur, Natura, Viribus & Facultatibus admirandis. 
 
 Sapientum finis, Sapientise communicatio. 
 Argentorati. Impensis Lazari Zetzneri Bibliopoke. M.DC.III. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 104. Zetzner's emblem with the motto : Scientia Immutabilis. 
 
 The tract ' de Balsamo ' is separately paged and has a separate title and signatures 
 so that it might go by itself except that it is mentioned in the other title : 
 
 De Balsamo, eiusque Lachrymas, quod Opobalsamum dicitur, natura, viribus & 
 facultatibus admirandis. Per Nicolaum Guibertum Doctorem medicum Lotharingum. 
 Argentorati, Impensis Lazari Zetzneri, M.DC.III. 
 
 Pp. [4] 18 [2 blank]. 
 
 Guibertus was born about 1^47 at St. Nicolas de 
 Port in Lorraine, studied medicine and graduated 
 about 1570. He travelled for many years in France, 
 Spain, Italy and Germany, and practised in Castel- 
 durante and Rome. He at first believed in trans- 
 mutation and worked in the laboratory of Cardinal 
 Granvelle, viceroy of the two Sicilies, and for the 
 Cardinal of Augsburg translated German works by 
 Paracelsus into Latin. In Naples he was associ- 
 ated with Baptista Porta and Pizimenti. In 1579, 
 under Pope Gregory XIII., he was appointed 
 inspector-general of druggists' shops in the states 
 
 Schenckins, Bibliotheca Medica, p. 416. 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis, Libri duo, 
 l6 37. P- 370. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 108. 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus^ 1686, p. 834. 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 177. 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptornm Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 536. 
 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallic^, 
 
 1732, p. 63. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732 (i. 5. 2. 13), p. 938 
 (De Murrhinis poculis dissertatio, Francof. 1579, 
 (ac) 8). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 367 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermltique, 1742, iii. p. 181. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 996. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 390. 
 
 of the Church. He returned to his native country 
 and lived at Vancouleurs. Having completely 
 changed his views and considering that transmuta- 
 tion was impossible and that the pursuit of it led to 
 poverty and want, he wrote his books against 
 Alchemy, and criticised his former friends who 
 believed in it. He died at Vancouleurs about 1620. 
 In addition to the above he wrote : Assertio de 
 murrhinis, sive de Us quce murrhino nomine expri- 
 muntur, Francof. 1597, 12, and De interitu 
 AlchemicB metallorum transmiitatorice tractates 
 aliquot, Tulli, 1614, &, 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 398. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte del hohtrn Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 562. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung ... *a ... Jochers . . . 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1673. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 544. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 357. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 126 ; 
 1869, ii. p. i2i. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1857, xviii. p. 85. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtntrale, 1859, xxii. col 
 
 Si7. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 w'orterbuch, 1863, i. col. 975. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lex-ikon der hervorragen- 
 den Aerzte, 1885, ii. p. 693. 
 
 Dictionnaire encyclopfdique des Sciences 
 cales, 4eme Sene, 1886, xi. p. 454. 
 
354 
 
 G UIDIUSG UMMER T 
 
 GUIDIUS (JOANNES). 
 
 De Mineralibus Tractatus in Genere loannis Guidii Senioris Patritij Vola- 
 terrani I. C. setate sua celeberrimi, Libri Quatuor; 
 
 In quorum 
 I. agitur 
 
 [De Metallarijs. 
 De Artificibus Metallorum. 
 De Alchimistis. 
 
 In III. 
 
 'De Moneta. 
 De Thesauris. 
 
 De rebus aureis, & argenteis. 
 De Ornamentis. 
 ,De Vestibus Auratis. 
 
 In IIII / De Publica Vtilitate. 
 ' \De Priuata Vtilitate. 
 
 De Metallis. 
 
 De Auro, & Argento. 
 In II. i De Gemmis. 
 
 De Ferro, & Armis. 
 
 .De Salinis. 
 
 Opus diu desideratum, a prseclarissimis I. C. summis laudibus insignitum, 
 nunc tandem temporis prima vice prselo diligenter submissum, & in lucem 
 editum. Cum duobus Indicibus, vnus Titulorum, alter Rerum notabilium. 
 Superiorum Permissu, et Privilegio. Venetiis, M DC XXV. Apud 
 
 Thomam Ballionum. 
 
 4. Pp. [40] 208 (for 198) [2 blank] double columns. Title red and black. 
 
 There was apparently an earlier edition of this book published at Venice, 1618, 8, and a later one 
 at Frankfurt, 1627, 4. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 109 (quotes 
 the 1627 edition only). 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 596. 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 537. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallic^, 
 
 1732, p. 63 (quotes three editions). 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung . . . zu . . , Jochers . . . 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1677. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 502. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 330 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 322. 
 
 GUIDO DE MONTANOR. 
 
 See MONTANOR (GUIDO DE) 
 
 GUIRAUD (F.). 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Traicte* du Soulphre, 1629. 
 Guiraud was the translator. 
 
 GULDEN (Die) Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer. 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE). 
 
 GUMMERT (THEOPHORUS). 
 
 Theophori Gummertens Treuhertzige Notincation-Schrifft von Ursprung und 
 Ende, das ist: Von der Generation und Vitrification derer Metallen, Mineralien 
 und allerhand Steine, mit angehengter Beriihrung der Universal-Materia 
 Lapid. Philosoph. aus einem einigen, geringen, iederman bekanten, und doch 
 unerkanten Dinge, sambt andern raren Curiositaten, &c. Wie solche von 
 dem Authore durch Gottes Gnade und unermu'deten Fleifs seithero unter- 
 suchet, und bey viel hundert Proben im Feuer und sonsten warhafftig 
 befunden worden, &c. An alle redlichgesinnete Liebhaber der Edlen 
 Chymiae, bey dieser letzten fast gefahrlichen Zeit, wohlmeinend abgelassen, 
 
GUMMERTGUTMANN 355 
 
 GUMMERT (THEOPHORUS). Continued. 
 
 Im Jahr Christi, 1674. Dresden, In Verlegung Andreae Lofflers. Gedruckt 
 durch Melchior Bergens, Churfl. Sachs. Hof-Buchdr. seel, nachgelassene 
 Wittwe und Erben. 
 
 4. Sigs. A4, 62, or pp. [13]. 
 
 It seems to have been reissued in 1679. they are identical, seeing that Christophorus and 
 
 Leupold calls the author Theodor. Gmelin calls Theophorus have practically the same meaning, 
 
 him Christoph Grummet (q.v. ), or Gummert, or and could be used as synonyms, but so far as 
 
 Brummet (q.v.), and quotes the present disserta- can be judged from their respective writings and 
 
 tion, but Leupold distinguishes C. Grummet from from what is said about Grummet by Kunckel, 
 
 Theodor Gummert though their works appeared they appear to be different, 
 within five years of each other. It is possible that 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibtiotheca Metallic^, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1732, p. 63. 1806-08, p. 186. 
 
 Gmelin , Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 28. 
 
 GUT (Bin) Fundament, oder Tractat vom Philosophischen Stein. 
 See NRANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 227. 
 
 GUTMANN (AEGIDIUS). 
 
 Offenbahrung | Gottlicher | Majestat. 
 
 The above title is printed in large letters in the middle of the page, and is enclosed 
 by four ornamental lines. Above the title is the following : 
 
 Augustin. de utilitate credendi. | Nemini dubium est, omnes homines aut stultos 
 nut sapi-|entes. Nunc autem sapientes voco, non cordatos & inge-|niosos homines, 
 sed eos quibus est, quanta in esse homini | potest ipsius hominis Deiq|; firmissime per- 
 cepta cogni-| tip : ate]; huic cognitioni vita & mores | congruunt. | 
 
 To the sinister side of the title, printed perpendicularly along the page : 
 Mar. Ficin. in Plat. | 
 Animae forma intima et divi- 1 
 na solis divinis cognita. | 
 Below the title : 
 
 Parac. in Philos. Sagac. lib. i. cap. 2. | 
 
 Der Philosophus soil das am ersten betrachten, von wan- 1 nen der Mensch komme und 
 den andern den Eckstein legen. Dem-|nach der Theologus, damit er wisse, was der 
 Leib und das todliche | in ihm und das ewige sey, damit er denselben nicht zum Teuffel 
 ver-jdamme. Und der Jurist, damit er wisse, wie der Mensch nicht eine | Sau sey 
 sondern eine edle Creatur, darnach ihn wisse als einen | Menschen, nicht als ein Kalb 
 zu uhrtheilen. Und der Medicus soil | diesen Anfang auch wissen, dafs er ihn nicht 
 wie ein Vieh in die | Fleisch-Banck gebe, sondern bedencke Gottliches Bildnifs | recht, 
 wie der Artzney mit zu fahren. | 
 
 On the dexter side of the title also printed perpendicularly along the page : 
 Bernh. sup. Cant. Ser. 41. j 
 Divina sunt, & nisi expertis) 
 prorsus incognita quae | 
 effamur. | 
 
 This title-leaf is followed by the 'Elenchus Capitum,' and then by the other fly-title 
 as follows : 
 
 Offenbahrung Gottlicher Majestat, Darinn angezeiget wird : Wie Gott der Herr 
 anfanglich sich alien seinen Geschopfen mit Worten und Wercken geoffenbahret, und 
 wie er alle seine Wercke, derselben Art, Eigenschaft, Kraft und Wiirckung in kurtze 
 Schrifft artlich verfasset, und solches alles dem ersten Menschen, den er selbst nach 
 seiner Bildniifs geschaffen, iiberreichet : Welches dann bifs daher gelanget ist : Hie- 
 bevor fast vor 60. Jahren auf vielfaltiges Suchen ediret, und aniezo, weils so rar und 
 theuer, dafs auch ein Exemplar vor 30. 40. Thalr. verkaufft, und fast nicht zu erhalten 
 gewesen, nunmehr gleichfals auff so vielfaltiges Begehren, sonderlich fur Gnaden- 
 hungerige, Weisheit-suchende, Kunst-begierige, Gott-liebende und himmlisch-gesinnte 
 Kinder Gottes wieder aufgeleget, und zwar also, dafs es nicht nur nach fleissiger 
 Revision von sehr vielen und grossen Haupt-Druck-Fehlern gebessert. sondern auch 
 mit angefiigten unterschiedenen Anmerckungen vermehret. 
 
 Without date, place and printer's name. 
 
 4. Title pp. [2], Elenchus Capitum [32] ; second title and preliminary matter [40], 
 Text, 530, Index [24]; Text 514, Index [28]. \ . 
 
356 
 
 G UTMANNGUTWASSER 
 
 GUTMANN (AEGIDIUS). Continued. 
 
 Gutmann (by some called Guetmann, and Guth- 
 mann) lived in the middle of the sixteenth century, 
 but very little is known about him. Up to his 
 twentieth year he studied arts and philosophy, and 
 then went to the University, but perceiving the 
 emptiness of the current topics, he travelled and 
 saw that even the common people were better 
 instructed. Yet he returned to the University, till 
 a book entitled Falmad came into his hands, which 
 he read and pondered with diligence, and from it 
 learned the loftiness of the Divine Majesty, and 
 then for the third time he visited the different 
 Universities where he heard discourses not on 
 theosophic but on heathenish and devilish writings. 
 
 His own book, presumably the result of all his 
 study and experience, was written in 1575. The 
 author was living in Swabia about 1580, and was 
 well known in Augsburg in 1584. The dedication 
 of the book to Duke Frederick V., Count Palatine 
 on the Rhine, is dated " Franckfurt am Mayn, 
 ipsis Nondinis Vernalibus Anno 1619," and this, 
 the first edition, is said to have been published at 
 Amsterdam after his death. This edition had 
 become so rare that some sixty years later (as the 
 present title states) it was reprinted, the editor 
 being Heinrich Ammersbach, pastor at Halber- 
 stadt. It has neither place nor date, but it is said 
 to have appeared at Frankfurt a. M. , or, according 
 to Schelhorn, at Halberstadt, in 1675. There is 
 no evidence of this in the present copy so far as I 
 can perceive. 
 
 The ascription of the work to Gutmann is due to 
 what is said in the Echo. 
 
 Sperber, Echo der von Gott hocherleuchteten 
 Fraternitet des loblichen Ordens R. C., Dantzig, 
 1616, Prsef. ad Lect., p. 12. (Contains a review of 
 Gutmann. ) 
 
 Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christen- 
 thum, 1690-91. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 34, No. lii. 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegjeuer 
 der Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 90. (A laudatory 
 notice. ) 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian, liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. pp. 413-18 (b). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 
 168-176. (Roth-Scholtz gives a brief notice of the 
 author, and a summary of the contents, and calls it 
 an excellent book.) 
 
 Schelhorn, Amoenitates Literariee, 1730, iii. p. 
 166; 1726, v. p. 292. 
 
 Zedler, Universal Lexicon, 1731, xi. col. 1473. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732 (ii. 2. 3. 8), p. 165 ; 
 (ii. I. ii. 7), p. 322; (iii. 5. i. 6), p. 554. 
 
 Theophilus Sincerus, Nachrichten von lauter 
 alien und raren Biichern, 1732, iv. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 
 !73 6 . P- 57- 
 
 Unschuldige Nachrichten, v. J. 1738, 3ter Beitr. 
 
 P- 387- 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, 
 ii. p. 321. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 279. 
 
 Reimmann who gives the preceding account ol 
 the author, points out the close resemblance of his 
 ideas and language to those of Paracelsus, but he 
 does not quote at all accurately Gutmann's version 
 of Genesis, I. 1-5, which forms the text of the 
 twenty-four books of commentary constituting the 
 work. Reimmann concludes by repeating Morhof 's 
 remark, that Gutmann propounds a great number 
 of problems, but does not give a solution of them. 
 Corrodi calls him a pupil of Paracelsus. 
 
 Stolle's criticism is that the commentary instead 
 of illuminating the words of Moses only obscures 
 them. He is very bitter about this and similar 
 writings, and says that he calculated on learning 
 something from it, but was shamefully deceived. 
 Hoefer's remark is that Gutmann speaks of creation 
 as if he had been an eye-witness of it. 
 
 He is said to have been a Rosicrucian, if not the 
 actual founder of the order, and that in any case 
 anticipations of their doctrines are to be found in 
 his book. Gmelin says that he hardly deserves a 
 place in the history of chemistry. 
 
 Every one emphasises the rarity of both editions. 
 That of 1619 was so rare that as much as 100 
 ducats had been given for it. Stolle says there is a 
 copy of it in the Library of Jena University. Of 
 the second edition, which is said to be a line for line 
 and page for page reprint, I have seen another 
 copy, and there is one in the British Museum. 
 
 A book entitled : Abgendthigte Lehr- u. Schntz- 
 Schrift wider den gutmannischtn Offenbahrungs- 
 Patron, Hamburg, 1677, 8, which I have not seen, 
 is apparently a criticism of or reply to Gutmann's 
 book. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1743, IV. 
 i. p. 685. 
 
 Vogt, Catalogus . . . Librorum rariorum, 1747, 
 p. 499. 
 
 Jo'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1287. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 342. 
 
 H. Corrodi, Kritische Geschichte des Chiliasmus, 
 1783, iii. p. 289. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der h'ohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 496, 604 ("a strange and little known work 
 by an alchemist and ghost-seer"). 
 
 Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie 
 der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 43, 44, .86, 90, 96, 97- 
 101. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 286, 
 
 Murr, Ueber den wahren Ur sprung der Rosen - 
 kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 49. . 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 83. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, 
 iii. p. 527. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 130 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 125. 
 
 Kloss, Bibliographie der Freymaurerei, 1844, p. 
 190, No. 2567. 
 
 Graesse, Trtsor de Livres rares, 1862, iii. 
 p. 187. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Median, 1881, ii. p. 
 226. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 212 ; ii. p. 8. 
 
 GUTWASSER (BENEDICT). 
 
 Aus dem aufrichtigen Glaubensbekenntnifs, 1728. 
 
 'See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii. p. 41. 
 
H. (C. G.\-H. (E.). 357 
 
 H. (C. G.). 
 
 Eines wahren Adept! besondere Geheimnisse von der Alchymie zum Gebrauch 
 und Nutzen denen Liebhabern herausgegeben und mit Figuren erlautert 
 von C. G. H. Drefsden, bey Johann Nicolaus Gerlach 1757. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 276. Index [20]. 14 Symbolical engravings of Chemical Operations. 
 
 This anonymous treatise is divided into ten 9. Marsilius Ficinus, Vom Stein der Weisen, p. 
 
 books with distinctive titles : 183. 
 
 1. Mercurius redivivus, p. i. 10. Nuysement, Tractat von dem wahren 
 
 2. Catholicon Physicorum, p. 25. geheimen Salz der Philosophen, und allgemeinen 
 
 3. Venus Vitriolata . . . nee non Mars Vic- Weltgeiste, p. 233. 
 
 toriosus, p. 43. It is therefore neither more nor less than a 
 
 4. Elixir seu Medicinoe Vitoe, p. 63. translation of Samuel Norton's tracts, q.v. 
 
 5. Saturnus Saturatus, p. 85. Compare Vigilantius de Monte Cubiti, Drey- 
 
 6. Metamorphosis Lapidum ignobilium, in Gem- faches Hermetisches Kleeblat, Niirnberg, 1667, 
 mas quasdam pretiosas, p. 1 17. which includes the tracts contained in this volume. 
 
 7. Alchymiae Complementum et Perfectio, p. 135. Of the present work there is a copy in the Ouvaroff 
 
 8. Auslegung der dunklen Worter, &c., p. 163. collection. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1474. 
 
 H. (E.). 
 
 Ein ausfuhrlicher Tractat, von philosophischen Werck des Steins der Weisen, 
 durch eine Jungfer E. H. genannt. Anno 1574. geschrieben. Samt einer 
 griindlichen Untersuchung und Entdeckung, der Art und Eigenschafft des 
 Goldes : Worinnen nicht allein die wahre Materie desselben wohl vernemlich 
 entdecket, sondern auch die Handlung seiner Bearbeitung treulich angewiesen 
 wird, imgleichen die Tabula Smaragdina Hermetis in vielen, auch sonst 
 noch einige tunckle Spriiche der Philosophen, sonderbahr gedeutet und 
 erklahret werden. Dabey angefiiget: Ein Catalogus Librorum Kabalisticorum. 
 Hamburg, zufinden bey Gottfried Liebezeit, 1702. 
 
 8". Pp. [8] containing the title, on the reverse of which is the interpretation of the 
 " Amaritudinis Poculum," and preface; pp. 3-44, the first tract; pp. 45-98, the second 
 tract ; and pp. 99-102, the catalogue of cabalistic books. The second tract has a 
 title-page which repeats the second part of the above title. 
 
 We are not informed who the lady was who in 1638, and was then translated into English. The 
 
 1574 composed the present little tract. The second Catalogus was reprinted by Semler, and the 
 
 is also anonymous. The list of cabalistic and present work is quoted by him. The authoress, 
 
 magic books contains the titles of 69 MSS. which however, was unknown to him ; he thinks it is a 
 
 were on sale at Leipzig in 1614 for 16000 imperials. translation from the French, and the other tract 
 
 Amongst other items it contains : No. 50, Magia from the Latin, which will be found in the 
 
 Kiramidis (sic), a famous book of magic which Theatrum Chemicum, although the two versions 
 
 was afterwards edited by Rivinus and printed in differ widely from one another. 
 
 Semler, Unpartheiische Samlungen zur Historic Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. p. 118; 1787, ii. p. 55. Secretes, 1870, No. 1432. 
 
358 H. (I. C.} HAGEN 
 
 H. (I. C). 
 
 Des Hermes Trismegists wahrer alter Naturvveg. Oder : Geheimnifs wie die 
 grofse Universaltinctur ohne Glaser, auf Menschen und Metalle zu bereiten. 
 Herausgegeben von einem achten Freymaurer I. C. H. Mit vier Kupfern. 
 Leipzig, bey Adam Friedrich Bohme. 1782. 
 
 8. Pp. viii. [i, i blank], 100. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 p. 679. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 645-646. 
 
 Von der Natur und Kunst. Ein Danksagungsschreiben an den erleuchteten 
 Verfasser des hermetischen A. B. C. von eEnem Gthristlich gesinnten ^f)er- 
 metischen Lehrjiinger. Nebst einem Auszuge aus etlichen sehr rar 
 gewordenen deutlich und aufrichtig abgefafsten Werken des beriihmten 
 neuesten wahren Adepten, Hermann Fictulds. Als ein Erganzungsstiick 
 zum Hermetischen A. B. C. von Adamah Booz. Leipzig, 1781. verlegts 
 Adam Friedrich Bohme. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 208. 
 
 The extracts are from the following works of 3. Das Gesprache zwischen Mascos, Agos und 
 
 Fictuld : einem Filius (sic) Hermetis, p. 130. 
 
 1. Das edle Perlein, 1734, p. 63. 4. Aus dem Hermetischen Triumphsbogen : Cab- 
 
 2. Das allgemeine natiirliche Chaos, p. 102. bala mystica naturae, 1741, p. 142. 
 
 Occulta occultissime, 1748, p. 185. 
 
 Adamah Booz is the pseudonym of Adam Melchior Birkholz (g.v,). 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 1870, No. 1511. 
 
 H. (J. F.), S. 
 
 See HAUTNORTHON (JOSAPHAT FRIEDRICH), Suecus. 
 See HARPRECHT (jOHANN). 
 
 H. (L. C), P. T. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 HAAS (JOHANN CONRAD). 
 
 See CREILING (JOHANN CONRAD), Dissertatio de Aureo Vellere, Sectio IV., 1739. 
 
 HAGEN (KARL GOTTFRIED). 
 
 Grundrifs der Experimentalchemie zum Gebrauch bey dem Vortrage derselben, 
 von Karl Gottfried Hagen, der Arzeneigelahrtheit Doctor und Professor, 
 Konigl. Preufsischem Hofapotheker, dem Rom. Kaiserl. Akademie der 
 Naturforscher und der Berlinischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft Mitglied. 
 Mit 4 Tabellen. Konigsberg und Leipzig, bey Gottlieb Lebrecht Hartung, 
 1786. 
 
 8. Pp. xvi. 389 [14, i blank]. Vignette. 
 
 Vom Braunstein, und dessen erdigt alkalischen Theile. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 217. 
 
 The above work went through several editions. 1786, 1792, 1821, and papers in the Nova Acta 
 
 The first, 1786 ; the second, 1791 ; the fourth, Academics Natura Curiosorum, before the ' Natur- 
 
 1815. Hagen wrote also Grundsatze der Chemie, forschende Freunde' at Berlin, in Crell's A nnalen 
 
 Konigsberg, 1796, 8. A dissertation on the water and in other journals. 
 
 at Thorn, in Latin, Regiomonti, 1788, 4; in The author was born at Konigsberg, 24 Dec., 
 
 German, Konigsberg, 1789, 4 ; Lehrbuch der 1749, and was Hofapotheker. He became Decent 
 
 Apotheker-Kvnst, Konigsberg, 1778, 8, 1781, 1782, in 1775, extraordinary Professor, 1779; ordinary, 
 
HAGEN HAIMO 
 
 359 
 
 HAGEN (KARL GOTTFRIED). Continued. 
 
 1788, in the Medical Faculty ; in 1804 he was made 
 Master of Arts, and in 1807 Professor of Chemistry, 
 Physics, and Natural History in the Philosophical 
 Faculty in the University there. He died at 
 Konigsberg, 2 March, 1829. His elder brother 
 
 C. E. Weigel, Grundrifs der reincn und ange- 
 wandten Chemie, 1777, ii. 407 ( 1022, ds). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 288, 
 399, 5 6 8, 5 8 7. 625, 656, 726, 754. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorinm der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 506. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 16. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte, der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 117 ; 
 1847, iv. pp. 35, 38. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, pp. 641, 730, 827. 
 
 Kluyskens, Des Hommes ctlebrts dans les Sciences 
 
 and a grandson, both chemists, and a nephew, an 
 engineer, were all natives of Konigsberg. 
 
 The Lehrbuch der Apotheker Kunst had great 
 influence on the art in Germany. 
 
 et les Arts et des M r t 'dailies qui consacrent leur 
 Souvenir, 1859, ii. p. 6. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuc/i, 1863, i. col. 992. 
 
 Allgemcine Deutsche Biographie, 1879, x. p. 340 
 (article by Ladenburg). 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 776 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 680. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mldi- 
 caks, 1886, 4eme SeYie, xii. p. 21. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerste alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 P- 13- 
 
 HAHN (JOHANN DAVID), Prases. 
 
 See VOLTELEN (FLORIS JACOBUS), Respondent. 
 
 Hahn, though a native of Germany, having been 
 born at Heidelberg, 9 July, 1729, spent the greater 
 part of his life in Holland. He was a doctor of 
 medicine of Leyden, and in 1753 was appointed 
 professor of philosophy, physics, astronomy, and in 
 1759 of botany and chemistry at Utrecht. After- 
 wards, in 1775, he wer >t to Leyden as professor of 
 medicine. He died there 19 March, 1784. Haller 
 speaks of him as ' vir illustris et noster olim amicus. ' 
 He wrote a few papers on chemical subjects : 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 488. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 472. 
 
 Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten 
 Chemie, 1777, i. pp. 490 ; ii. 472. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung und Erganzungen zu . . , 
 Jochers Allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 
 1735- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 712. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der von 1750 bis 1800 verstor- 
 benen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1805, v. p. 65. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 304, 370. 
 
 ' Diss. de efficacia mixtionis in mutandis corporum 
 voluminibus,' Lugd. Bat. 1751, 4 ; Comm. Lips., 
 i. p. 648 ; 
 
 ' Oratio de Chemise cum Botanica conjunctione 
 utili et pulchra,' Ultraj. 1759, 4 (' Oratio viri 
 egregii,' Haller) ; 
 
 ' Oratio de Mathesi et Chemia, earumque mutuo 
 auxilio,' Ultraj. 1768, 4 ; 
 
 and some papers on mathematics. He also 
 translated Watt's Logic into Latin. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 20. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 993. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1867, viii. p. 85. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 779. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medi- 
 cales, 1886, 4eme Srie, xii. p. 29. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Zeiten and Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 17. 
 
 HAIMO. 
 
 Epistola de quatuor Lapidibus philosophicis, materiam suam ex minore mundo 
 desumentibus. 
 
 See SENDIVOGIUS (MICHAEL), Epilogus in Novum Lumen Chymicum Orthelii, 
 1624, p. 177. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 497. 
 
 The authorities seem disposed to accept without 
 demur the statement that the author of this tract 
 svas the Haimo who flourished in the ninth century. 
 According to the accounts he was an Anglo-Saxon, 
 a connection of Bede's, a pupil of Alcuin's and a 
 schoolfellow and friend of Rhabanus Maurus, and 
 a Benedictine Monk. He became reader of theology 
 at Fulda in 822, in 839 teacher at Corbey and 
 Hirschfeld, but not Abbot, and in 840 bishop of 
 Halberstadt. 
 
 He entrusted the administration of the cathedral 
 to an officer called Ruodger, whose residence and 
 property near Halberstadt grew into the village of 
 Haim or Hoym, from which the noble family of 
 von Hoym may have been derived. 
 
 He also founded the monastery of S. Wipertus on 
 the Bode (now dissolved), which is said to have led 
 to the building of the neighbouring town of Qued- 
 linburg. Into it he introduced Benedictine monks, 
 who had been formerly pupils of his own at 
 Hirschfeld, and made his school friend Rhabanus 
 Maurus provost, after he had been driven out of 
 Fulda by the refractory monks there. Of the 
 monastery nothing remains except the tiny but 
 impressive crypt of the church, now enclosed by 
 a range of farm buildings. 
 
 He placed a fine library in the cathedral at 
 Halberstadt, but it probably perished in the fire of 
 1179. Haimo died at Halberstadt, 27 (28) March, 
 853- 
 
360 
 
 HAIMOHALLER 
 
 HAIMO. Continued. 
 
 He wrote commentaries on almost all the books 
 of the Old and New Testaments, homilies on the 
 Gospels, summer and winter homilies, and a number 
 of other works, some of which have been printed, 
 though most of them appear to be still in manu- 
 script. 
 
 In the list of his works, at all events as given by 
 Pits, nothing appears relative to any subject but 
 theology and religion, and it may be doubted not 
 only if the present work be by Haimo, but if 
 alchemy was cultivated to any extent in Germany 
 at that time. It may be doubted with still greater 
 emphasis if alchemy allowing that it were cul- 
 tivated then had been studied to such an extent 
 and the possible sources of the materia prima had 
 been examined so exhaustively that the suggestion 
 
 Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica Sogni tre, 
 1 599 P- J 39 (J ust mentions the book). 
 
 Pits, Relationum Historicarum de rebus Anglicis 
 Tomus Primus, 1619, p. 146 (Ann. 753). 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, p. in. 
 
 Joh. Andreas Quenstedt, Dialogus de patriis 
 illustrium doctrina et serif tis virorum, Wittebergas, 
 1654, p. 92. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 180. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina medics et infimcs 
 &tatis, 1735, Lib. viii. p. 543 (the alchemical tract 
 is not mentioned). 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, xii. col. 950 
 (and references). 
 
 of a new source contained in the present tract 
 could have been possibly made. It was only at a 
 late date in the development of the pursuit, and 
 when everything else had been tried in vain, that the 
 alchemists at their wit's end turned to the material 
 supposed to be described in this tract. To me the 
 tract appears spurious, not by Haimo, but recent ; 
 certainly not of the ninth century, more likely of 
 the seventeenth. Against its authenticity also is 
 the fact that it did not appear in print till it was 
 included in the sixth volume of the Theatrum 
 Chemicum. If it had been known and considered 
 of value by the older alchemists in the sixteenth 
 century it could hardly have escaped including in 
 some of the collections that were then in circulation. 
 
 Cave, Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia 
 literaria, 1743, >' P- 2 &> Ann. 841. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1415. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1804, v. p. 85. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie, 1828, 
 2te Section, iii. p. 264. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 116. 
 
 Nouv elle Biographie Gdntrale, 1858, xxiii. col. 121. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 335 ; 
 1866, i. p. 354. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 156, 
 184, 233. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1147. 
 
 HALLER (ALBRECHT VON). 
 
 See PHARMACOPCEA Helvetica, 1771. 
 
 Haller was born at Berne, 16 Oct., 1708, studied 
 medicine at Tubingen in 1723, and at Leyden 
 under Boerhaave in 1725, and was capped M.D. 
 there in 1727. He visited London and Paris, pro- 
 ceeded to Basel, where he lectured on anatomy, 
 and reached Berne about 1729, where he began 
 practice as a physician, for which, however, he had 
 no special liking. In 1734 he was made professor 
 of anatomy, a theatre was built for him, and he 
 gave lectures and demonstrations on this subject. 
 The University of Gottingen having been founded 
 in 1736, Haller was invited to become professor of 
 anatomy, botany, and surgery, and after some 
 hesitation he accepted the post which he occupied 
 till 1753. He then resigned on account of his 
 health, and returned to Berne, where he was 
 appointed Ammann and filled various offices in 
 the State. He died 12 Dec., 1777. 
 
 Jacob Brucker, Pinacotheca Scriptorum nostra 
 sEtate Literis illustrium Decas IV., August. 
 Vindel., 1745. 
 
 Biichner, Academies . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 513, No. 560. 
 
 Putter, Versuch einer academischen Gelehrten- 
 Geschichte von der Georg- Augustus Universitdt zu 
 Gottingen, 1765, i. p. 89 ; 1788, ii. p. 39. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de tAnatomie et dela Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. pp. 694-731, & passim. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mddecine, 
 1778, ii. pp. 433-442. 
 
 Jean Senebier, Eloge historique d' Albert de 
 Haller . . . avec un Catalogue complet de ses 
 CEuvres, a Geneve, 1778, 8, pp. 104. 
 
 Gottlieb Emanuel von Haller, Bibliothek der 
 Schweizer-Geschichte, 1785, ii. Nos. 882-906 (works 
 
 No man had a greater reputation in Europe 
 than Haller, and he received all the honours 
 that were to be had. He was preeminent as an 
 anatomist, physiologist, and botanist, a man of 
 affairs and of administrative capacity, one of the 
 most voluminous and successful of medical writers, 
 distinguished as a poet and literary man, and the 
 greatest of medical bibliographers. His classified 
 catalogues of th6 literature of anatomy, botany, 
 medicine, and surgery, in ten volumes, 4, 1771- 
 1788, accompanied by abstracts, estimates, and 
 criticisms, represent prodigious labour and reading, 
 and an unrivalled knowledge of the history of those 
 subjects. They are of the greatest value even now 
 for the study of the history of medicine. 
 
 Haller, however, was not a chemist, hardly even 
 a pharmacist, still one cannot but regret that he 
 did not complete his set of bibliographies by a 
 Bibliotheca Chemica. 
 
 on his life), (see the Index of vols. i. and ii. for 
 other works). 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung . . . zu . . . Jocher s . . . 
 Gelehrten- Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1742. 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1788, vi. p. 416. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 367,414. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1804, v. p. 18. 
 
 Condorcet, Oeuvres, An. xiii.(i8o4), i. pp. 365-419. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der von 1750 bis 1800 verstor- 
 benen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1805, v. p. 86 (and 
 references). 
 
 Vicq d'Azyr, Eloges historiques, An. xiii. (1805), 
 ii. pp. 304-351. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 292. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xvii. p. 59. 
 
u 
 
 ( VNIVER 
 
 HALLER HALM ALE 
 
 HALLER (ALBRECHT VON). Continued. 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xvii. sub voce. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. pp. 38-63 (article by Jourdan and Boisseau, 
 with a long account of his writings). 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, AUgemeine Encyklopiidie, 1827, 
 zte Sect. i. pp. 292-304 (article by Seiler). 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. 
 p. 69, &c. , &c. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mide- 
 cine, 1836, iii. i. pp. 11-31. 
 
 Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1849, ii. p. 258. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, ii. 
 pp. 361-366. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 l8 55i PP- 533i 6 56, 662, 862. 
 
 Kluyskens, Des Homines cc'lebres dans les Sciences 
 et les Arts et des Mtdailles qui consacrent leur 
 Souvenir, 1859, ii. p. 9, and the drawing of a 
 medal. 
 
 Rudolf Wolff, Biographien zur Kulturgeschichte 
 der Schweiz, 1859, Zweiter Cyclus, pp. 105-146, 
 portrait. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wiirterbuch, 1863, i. co). 1003. 
 
 Figuier, Vies des Savants illustres (Savants du 
 xviiie Siecle), 1879, p. 264. 
 
 AUgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1879, x. p. 420 
 (article by Blosch, with references). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichle der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 561, 
 &c., &c. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 795 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 704. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences Me'di- 
 cales, 1886, 4eme SeYie, xii. p. 72. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 31- 
 
 HALLEY (EDMUND). 
 
 Erzehlungen von denen Winden. 
 
 See DREBBEL (CORNELIUS), Tractat oder Abhandlung von Natur und Eigenschafft 
 der Elementen, 1723, p. 65. 
 
 Halley, son of a soap-boiler, was born at 
 Haggerston, 29 Oct., 1656. His fame rests on his 
 astronomical work, but he wrote one or two papers 
 on chemical subjects, as on the saltness of the sea. 
 He was professor of geometry at Oxford, 1703-20, 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 181. 
 
 Biographia Britannica, 1757, iv. pp. 2494-2520. 
 
 Mordri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, 
 v. p. 497. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 105 
 (' Celebris mathematicus campanam urinatoriam 
 descripsit '). 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung . . . su . . . Jochers . . . 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1756. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1804, v. p. 25. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xvii. p. 71. 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopadia, 1819, xvii. sub voce. 
 
 Secretary of the Royal Society, 1713-21, Astronomer 
 Royal, 1719, and Foreign Associate of the French 
 Academy, 1729. He died at Greenwich, 14 Jan., 
 1742, aged 86. 
 
 Wood, Athenee Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1820, iv. 
 col. 536. 
 
 Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, 
 passim. 
 
 Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, 1852, 
 p. 102, & passim. 
 
 Allibone, A Critical History of English 
 Literature, 1859, i. p. 771. 
 
 Kluyskens, Des Hommes cttebres dans les Sciences 
 et les Arts et des Mddailles qui consacrent leur 
 Souvenir, 1859, ii. p. 10. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1890, xxiv. 
 p. 104. 
 
 HALMALE QOHAN FREDERIK VAN). 
 
 Merkurius Verheerlykt; Zynde een naukeurige verhandelinge van 't Begintzel, 
 Aerd, Eigenschap en Uitwerkzelen van de Kwikzilver. Deszelfs kwaedaer- 
 digheid, waer in die bestaet, aengewezen, en hoe die weg genomen en 
 verbeterd kan werden. Zynde alsdan een Middel waer door vele sware en 
 ongenezeligke Ziektens (door bygebragte Experimenten bevestigd) gered 
 zyn : Benevens dien ook aengetoond dat de Mercurius het ware onderwerp 
 der Philosophen is. Door Johan Frederik van Halmale, Med Doct. tot 
 Middelburg in Zeland. In Amsterdam, By Jan Ten Hoorn, Boekverkoper 
 over 't Oude Heeren Logement. 1707. 
 
 Index [2]. Vignette with the motto: Myn Glas 
 
 8. Pp. [15, i blank] 246. 
 Loopt Ras. 
 
 This work begins with a commendation of 
 chemistry. Next follows its history, with brief 
 notices of Geber, Lully, Arnaldus, Basil Valentin, 
 Paracelsus, Bernhard, Sendivogius, v. Suchten, 
 v. Helmont and his son, Philaletha, de Comitibus, 
 Pantaleon. Then mercury and its compounds, 
 
 of which the preparation, properties, and medical 
 uses are discussed at length. 
 
 Van der Aa merely mentions his name and books. 
 Haller, and, after him, Gmelin quotes Ontleeding 
 over de Amsterdamze Apothek, Amst. 1739 and 
 1762, 8. 
 
362 HALMALEHAMMEN 
 
 HALMALE QOHAN FREDERIK VAN). Continued. 
 
 Haller, Bibliolheca Medicince practices, 1788, iv. Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 p. 49. Nederlanden, 1867, VIII. i. p. 120. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 249. 
 
 HALTEREN (NICOLAES VAN). 
 
 Princelijck Gheschenck, of Tractaet der Medicynen. In 't \velck natuerlijck 
 en grondich de Loflijcke en wytberoemde Konst van Ghenesinghe, de 
 krachten van alle Cruyderen ende ghevvassen, als oock Gommen, Hersen, 
 Olyen, Extracten, Wateren, gheene uyt-ghesondert. Mitsgaeders de Com- 
 positien aller Medicamenten, en de Remedien teghens alle Krancheden, en 
 Fenynen, die het Menschelicke gheslacht voorvallen, verhaelt vverden, en 
 by experientie goedt bevonden zyn. 
 
 Hier is een Tractaet van de Alchymie voor de beminders Theophrasti 
 Paracelsi by ghevoegt. Eerst beschreven door den Hoogh-gheleerden ende 
 Experten Medicijn Nicolaes van Halteren, Dienaer des Godtlicken vvoorts 
 binnen Hornaer. Ende nu tot eyghen kosten in 't licht ghebracht, door 
 lohannem a Porta. t' Amstelredam, By Ian Evertsz. Cloppenborch, 
 
 Boeckvercooper op 't Water in den vergulden Bybel, tegen over de Cooren- 
 Beurs, 1633. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 190 [2 blank]. 
 
 Paracelsus' Tract, p. 179. Haller (Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. p. 516) quotes this book, 
 but gives the date 1623. 
 
 HAMMEN (LUDWIG VON). 
 
 Ludovici von Hammen, D. Medici Regii de Herniis Dissertatio Academica. 
 Accedunt de Crocodile ac Vesicae Mendaci Calculo Epistolae et Responsiones 
 ad Magnificum atque Excellentissimum D. Carol. Drelincurtium Medicum 
 Regium & Professorem Primarium Lugd. in Bat. longe Celeberrimum. Editio 
 Tertia. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud Cornelium Boutesteyn. M DC LXXXI. 
 12. Pp. [12], 7-135, [i blank]. 
 
 This writer was a Prussian, born (at Danzig?) Danzig Physicians on which he was engaged was 
 
 in 1652, studied medicine at Montpellier, and interrupted by his death, which took place 15 
 
 apparently took the degree of M.D. there. His March, 1689. He has been credited by Matthiae, 
 
 thesis on the occasion was entitled : Ciirriculum Haller and others with having been the first to 
 
 medicum Monspeliense pro doctoratus gradu, observe spermatozoa, but Haeser has shown that 
 
 Monsp., 1674, 4. He became physician to John this is due to confusing him with Johann Ham, 
 
 Sobieski, King of Poland. The above seems to be who was a student at Leyden at the same time and 
 
 his only book, for a work on the History of who really made the discovery in 1677. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 763. Eloy., Dictionnaire historique de la M^decine, 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum medicorum, 1778, ii. p. 444. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 567. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, p. 370 (his thesis), 
 
 p. 374. Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 25), v. p. 69. 
 
 col. 1343. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- p. 250. 
 
 corum ckronologicus, 1761, p. 865. Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 334. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chir- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 811. 
 
 urgie, 1770, iii. p. 536. Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Mddi- 
 
 Ha'ller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 678 cales, 1886, 4eme Serie, xii. p. 167. 
 
 (Gedanensis vermiculorUm spermaticorum inventor Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 ab anno 1677). genden Aerzle aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 433. p. 43. 
 
HANCOCKS HANNEMANN 363 
 
 HANCOCKE (JOHN). 
 
 Vom gemeinen Wasser als dem besten Fiebermittel. 
 See OERTEL, Universal-Wasserdoktor. 
 
 John Hancocke, D.D., an English clergyman, 1722, 1723, 1724, 8; 1726, 8, 1772; French 
 
 Rector of St. Margaret's, Lothbury, prebendary translation, by Niceron : Tralt des vertus medicin- 
 
 of Canterbury, chaplain to the Duke of Bedford, ales de 1'eau . commune, Paris, 1725, 12, 1730, 12. 
 
 had studied medicine and was a great advocate He is commended for his accuracy in the state- 
 
 for the use of water in fever. On this subject ment of facts but he deprived them of their value 
 
 he wrote his book: Febrifugum magnum, or by his inferences and criticisms of others views, 
 common water the best cure for feavers, London, 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historiqut de la Medecine, Haeser, Geschichte der Mcdicin, 1881, ii. p. 648. 
 1778, ii. p. 446. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 815; and 
 
 Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English Series, 1901, vi. p. 724. 
 Literature, 1859, i. p. 781 (mentions Sermons, 
 ' &c.' 1697-1739, but not the present tract). 
 
 HANNEMANN QOHANN LUDWIG). 
 
 Cato Chemicus Tractatus quo Verge ac Genuinse Philosophise Hermeticse, & 
 Fucatse ac Sophisticse Pseudo Chemise & utriusque Magistrorum Characterismi 
 accurate delineantur. Hamburg]', Apud Gothofr. Liebernickel. Literis 
 Brendekii. Anno 1690. 
 
 12. Sigs. A to D in twelves, or, pp. [95, i blank]. 
 
 This was published anonymously. Moller assigns it to Hannemann, and Kopp and other authorities 
 do the same. 
 
 Cato Chemicus. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 368. 
 
 Nova & Accurata Methodus cognoscendi simplicia Vegetabilia juxta triplicem 
 
 ~, ., . . , , ,. fGalenicam. & 
 
 cognitionem i. Grammaticam. 2. Philosopmcam. 3. Medicam. j Chem i cam 
 
 Neotericorum Philosophorum & Medicorum propriisque principiis super- 
 structa, & curiose adornata. Autore Johanne Ludovico Hannemann, Med. 
 D. & Philosophise Naturalis Prof. Publ. Ordinar. in Alma Christian-Albertina. 
 S. R. I. A. N. C. Collega. 
 
 Die rechte Hand defs Hochsten kan alles endren. Psal. LXXVII. Vers. xi. 
 KilonI, Literis & Sumptibus Joach. Reumanni, Acad. Typogr. 1677. 
 
 4. Pp. [2, 2 blank] 148. 
 
 The author is accused by Schelhammer of having plagiarised in this treatise from 
 Conring. 
 
 Joh. Ludovici Hannemanni D. & Philosophise Naturalis in Illustri Christian- 
 Albertina Professoris Publici & Ordinarii : Leopoldinse Societatis Collegae 
 Nestoris II. Ovum Hermetico-Paracelsico-Trismegistum. i.e. Commentarius- 
 Philosophico-Chemico-Medicus, in quandam Epistolam Mezahab dictam 
 de Auro. Et Historia Philosophico-Chemico-Medica de eodem metallo 
 native & artificial!. In quo et 108. Quaastiones Chemicse ab Excellentiss. 
 D. D. Morhofio propositse ab Autore solvuntur. Omnia, juxta adeptse 
 Paracelsicse & Eclecticse Philosophise principia. Una cum Fascicule Episto 
 larum ad quosdam nostri Seculi Medicos Celeberrimos, & Appendice 
 Apologetico. Francofurti, Impensis Friderici Knochii, Anno M.DC.XCIV. 
 
 8. Pp. [68] 440, 28 [14, 2 blank]. 
 Epistola, p. i. 108 Quaestiones, p. 251. 
 
364 
 
 HANNEMANN HAPELIUS 
 
 HANNEMANN QOHANN LUDWIG). Continued. 
 
 Johannis Ludovici Hannemanni, D. Pharus ad Ophir Auriferum, i.e. Commen- 
 tarius in anonymi Galli Arcanum Philosophise Hermeticse. Appendicis loco 
 adjecta Dan. Georgi Morhofi cvm. Problemata olim autori proposita. 
 Lubecae, Apud Petrum Boeckmannum, Anno M DCC XIV. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 190 [2]. 
 cvm. Problemata, p. 161. 
 
 Moller quotes an earlier edition, with a differently worded title : Instructissima 
 Pharus, viam veram & tutam, in Oceano Philosophorum, ad Ophir auriferum pate- 
 faciens, seu Comm. in Spagneti Arcanum Philosophise Hermeticae. Appendicis loco 
 accesserunt Dan. Georg. Morhofii cvm. Problemata Chymica, olim Autori proposita. 
 Kiel, 1712, in 4. 
 
 Hannemann was born at Amsterdam, 25 Oct. 
 1640. He studied theology, but passed to 
 medicine and practised in Friedrichstadt, Stade 
 and Buxtehude, and in 1675 was appointed pro- 
 fessor of physics at Kiel. He was a Doctor of 
 Copenhagen and a member of the Academia 
 Naturae Curiosorum from 1680. He died at Kiel 
 in 1724 on his birthday, 25 (24) Oct., aged 84. 
 In his long and very active life he wrote works 
 and dissertations amounting in number to over a 
 hundred, all of which, however, were not printed. 
 Lists are given by several of the authorities men- 
 tioned below, but the fullest notice of the author 
 is that by Moller. He wrote several tracts about 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 629. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio^ 1687, p. 364 (cap. x. 42, addit.). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 
 40, 181-7. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731 , 
 T. ii. pp. 567-588. (Reprinted notices of certain of 
 his works.) 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Mcdicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 234, 452. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, 
 1732, p. 65. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1740, 
 
 P- 374- 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. p. 88 ; ii. p. 
 285. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrlen-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1352. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 470, No. 90. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 787. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 545. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botamca, 1771, i. p. 587. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 421. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 446. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1779, iii. 
 
 Alchemy: Jason, 1709; Tantalus Chymicus, 1717; 
 Tubalkain stans ad fornacem, 1707 ; Agricola seu 
 Disp. de Metallis, 1709 ; Disp. Chymica de 
 Hermete Trismegisto, 1707 ; an edition of Arlensis 
 de Scudalupis, 1717 ; De Icaro prascipitato ; De 
 furto Promethei ; Xystus in hortum Hesperidum ; 
 Aurora oriens ; Pium philosophise adeptae . . . 
 osculum, 1696, &c. 
 
 In his dissertation " de motu cordis," he rejected 
 the circulation of the blood, but his ideas were 
 refuted by Bartholinus, and he was not held in 
 esteem by Portal. 
 
 At his death his library went to Kiel University. 
 
 p. 271. Haller is not favourable to Hannemann, 
 calling him ' non satis firmae fidei homo.' 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotlieca Chemica, 1782, p. 94. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemic, 1785, 
 p. 641. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 35, 
 245, 320. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. 
 (Chemia et Res Metallica), pp. 29, 108, 109, 142, 
 
 144, 145. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Lilteratur, 
 1806-8, pp. 167, 190, 210. 
 
 Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 72. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 455. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie AfMcale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 184 (severely judged). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wdrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1012. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 237; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 744. 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 caks, 4eme St^rie, 1886, xii. p. 437. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 49. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 244 ; 11. p. 369 
 & passim. 
 
 HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER). 
 
 Cheiragogia Heliana de Auro Philosophico necdum cognito : Unde juxta 
 facile percipi potest turn opus Universalissimum totius Monarchic Chymicse 
 in Regno Mineral! : turn omnes in suo quiq; genere Universales ejusdem 
 Regni Mineralis Lapides, Tincturseve particulares, cujus author, Nicolaus 
 Niger Hapelius, Anagrammatizomenos. Accessit Tractatus Venceslai 
 Lavinii, Moravi, de Ccelo Terrestri, &c. Marpurgi Cattorum, ex Officina 
 Rudolphi Hutvvelckeri Anno claloCXII. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-9] 10-223 [* Wank]. Every page is in a border. 
 
HAPELIUS HARTMANN 365 
 
 HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER). Continued. 
 
 Tractatus de Coelo Terrestri Venceslai Lavinii, p. 97. Hapelius : Disquisitio 
 Heliana de Metallorum transformatione, p. 103. Aphorismi Basiliani, p. 213. 
 
 The Disquisitio Heliana is reprinted from the edition of 1606, for which see EGLINI<S ICONIUS (Raphael), 
 and see also ELIAS. 
 
 Cheiragogia Heliana, de Auro Philosophico, nee dum cognito. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHKMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 262. 
 
 Disquisitio Heliana, Aphorismi Basiliani sive Canones Hermetici de spiritu, 
 anima et corpore medio Majoris & Minoris Mundi. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 327. 
 
 Disquisitio de Helia Artium. 
 
 See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL). 
 See also ICONIUS (RAPHAEL EGLINUS). 
 
 Nicolaus Niger Hapelius is an anagram for work under it accordingly. In addition to the 
 
 Raphael Eglinus Iconius, though hardly any of the references under Eglinus, the following which refer 
 
 older writers notice this, but assume Hapelius to specially to Hapelius may be given, 
 be the author's real name, and enter the present 
 
 Rorel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 167. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historie 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 841. der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. p. 46. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 514. 
 
 1697, p. 33. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 333 ; 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1869, ii. p. 325. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 589 (writes the name ' Hapelius '). Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Secretes, 1870, Nos. 556, 944-946 (under R. E. J. D., 
 
 p. 596. but Ladrague did not understand these letters). 
 
 HARPRECHT QOHANN). 
 
 See HAUTNORTHON (JOSAPHAT FRIEDERICH). 
 
 HARTMANN (GEORG). 
 
 See DIGBY (KENELM), Aufserlesene, seltzame Philosophische Geheimniisse und 
 Chymische Experimente, 1684. 
 
 Gmelin seems to ascribe the English version of 1682, 8 ; Digby's Secrets, London, 1682, 8, and 
 the above to John Hartmann. Adelung quotes his the above translation ; Family Physician, London, 
 works : Preserver and restorer of health, London, 1696, 8. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen tu . . . Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1796, i. p. 569. 
 Jochers Allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. 
 col. 1813. 
 
 HARTMANN QOHANN). 
 
 lohannis Hartmanni Medicinse Doctoris et quondam Chymiatriae in Academia 
 Marpurgensi Professoris celeberrimi, Principiimque Hassiae Archiatri Praxis 
 Chymiatrica edita a Johanne Michaelis, Philosophise & Medicinae Doctore, 
 & Professore ibidem extraordinario : & Georgio Euerhardo Hartmanno 
 Authoris Filio. Huic postremae editioni adiecti sunt propter affinitatem 
 materiae, tres Tractatus noui. 
 
 I. De Oleis variis Chymick distilatis. 
 II. Basilica Antimonij Hameri Poppij Thallini. 
 
 III. Marci Cornachini D. M. Methodus, quae omnes Humani Corporis 
 affectiones ab humoribus copia, vel qualitate peccantibus, Chymice 
 & Galenice curantur. 
 
 Genevae, Sumptibus Petri Chouet. M.DC.XLVII. 
 8*. Pp. [i-xo] 11-631. Index [33], 
 
366 
 
 HARTMANNHAR VETUS 
 
 HARTMANN (JOHANN). Continued. 
 
 Tractatus Joannis Ernesti de oleis variis arte chymica destillatis, p. 397. Hameri Poppij Basilica 
 Antimonij, p. 595. 
 
 Cornacchini Methodus, pp. 112 [13, 3 blank]. 4 folding tables. 
 
 This work was first published at Leipzig, 1633, It was revised by Cardilucius, and published at 
 4; Geneva, 1635, 8, pp. 631 [32, i blank]; 112 Nurnberg, 1677, 4. Baumer says 1679. 
 [13, 3 blank], 3 tables, and thereafter repeatedly. 
 
 Hermetischer Probier Stein, 1647. 
 See CROLLIUS (OSWALDUS). 
 
 Hartmann was born 15 Jan., 1568, at Amberg, 
 some say at Arensberg. He graduated at Marburg, 
 in philosophy, 1591 ; became professor of mathe- 
 matics there, 1592 ; 1606, Med. Doct. ; 1609, 
 appointed professor to give public lectures on 
 latro-Chemistry, that is Chemistry, the first 
 established chair of this subject in Europe, according 
 to Mercklin and others. Kolbe, however, has 
 taken no notice of the fact, if he was aware of it, in 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 112. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 598. 
 
 Conring, In vniversam Art em Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 245, 254. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditions clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1349, portrait, pi. 61. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, 7 Dec., 
 1631, Sig. Dd4 recto. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 189- 
 
 I 93- 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 598. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 730, 780-783. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 376. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1381. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspe&4S Historic Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 313. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 453 
 (Tractatus de opio). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 388, 407, 416. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 451. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 15. 
 
 his account of the Marburg laboratory. In i6i6he 
 was called to fill the post of councillor and physician 
 to the then Duke of Hesse-Cassel, when he had 
 reluctantly to resign his chair. He died 7 Dec., 
 1631, at Marburg. He wrote several works on 
 medicine, and notes on Beguinus' Tyrocinium under 
 the pseudonym of Christopher Gliickradt (q.v.). 
 His works collected by Johrenius were published in 
 folio, Francof. 1684, 1690, and in German, 1698. 
 
 Strieder, GrundlagezueinerHessischen Gelehrten 
 und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1785, v. pp. 281-289. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 569, 
 603. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chetnischen Litteratvr, 
 1806-08, pp. 105, 141. 
 
 Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 82. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 P. 283. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Me"de- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 47. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 248 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 240. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 18. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 
 P- 453- 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarischts Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1023. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1884, v. p. 862 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 770. 
 
 Dictionnaire encyclope'dique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme Se'rie, 1886, xii. p. 491. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 66. 
 
 HARTUNG VON HOFF (CASPAR). 
 
 Von der Bereitung des gebenedeyten Philosophischen Steins. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer* 1614, Part ii. 
 
 p. i. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 245. 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 349. 
 
 HARVETUS (ISRAEL). 
 
 Demonstratio veritatis doctrinae Chymicse. Aduersus loan. Riolani Com- 
 parationem veteris Medicinae cum noua, Hippocraticae cum Hermetica, 
 Dogmaticse cum Spagyrica. Auctore Israele Harveto Medico Aurelian. 
 Hanoviae Typis Wechelianis, Apud ("laudium Marnium & hosredes loan. 
 Aubrii. MDCV. 
 
 8. Pp. 123 [s]. 
 All that I have found recorded about Harvetus is century, was a partisan of chemistry, and wrote in 
 
 that he was a native of Orleans, lived at the end of 
 the sixteenth and beginning of the seventeenth 
 
 defence of it against Riolanus and the Paris 
 Faculty, who had condemned the abuse, not to say 
 
HAR VETUSHA UDICQ UER 
 
 367 
 
 HARVETUS (ISRAEL). Continued. 
 
 the use, of its principles in medicine. Besides the 
 present work he wrote : ' Defensio Chymiaeadversus 
 Apologiam & censuram Scholae Medicorum Parisi- 
 ensium & in easdem Guilielmi Baucyneti, Medici 
 Aurelianensis notationes,' Parisiis, 1604, 8. This 
 apparently was replied to by Riolanus under the 
 pseudonym of Joh. Antarvetus : Apologia pro 
 Judicio scholos Parisiensis de Alchymia, Paris, 1604, 
 8. The discussion was continued by Riolanus in 
 another book : ' Ad Libavi Maniam, Joan. Riolani 
 
 Mercklin, JAndenius renovatus, 1686, p. 716. 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 603. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 377- 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologiats, 1761, p. 441. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 280. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice?, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 328, 350. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de In MJdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 453. 
 
 Responsio pro Censura Scholae Parisiensis contra 
 Alchymiam lata,' Parisiis, 1606, 8, pp. 184 [2]. 
 He also engaged in another controversy : ' Discours 
 centre le Paradoxe de Laurent Joubert, qu'il n'y 
 a aucnne raison que quelques-uns puissent vivre 
 sans manger durant plusieurs jours et anne'es,' 
 Niort, 1597, 12. There was a Latin edition also, 
 Aurelian. 1602, 8, of what Haller tersely styles 
 ' inanis altercatio.' 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 562, 571. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 88. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 116, 117. 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences Mfdi- 
 cales, 4eme SeYie, 1886, xii. p. 496. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 72. 
 
 HASELMEYER (ADAM). 
 
 Antwort an die Lobwiirdige Briiderschafft der Theosophen vom Rosenkreutz 
 N. N. 
 See ALLGEMEINE und General Reformation, 1781, p. 99. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, p. 562, 
 note. 
 
 Haselmeyer's name is not mentioned by Kloss, 
 and it does not occur in the Missiv. 
 
 HASLING (ELIAS JOHANNES). 
 
 See HESSLING (ELIAS JOHANNES). 
 
 HAUDICQUER DE BLANCOURT. 
 
 De 1'Art de la Verrerie. Ou Ton apprend a faire le Verre, le Cristal, & 
 1'Email. La maniere de faire les Perles, les Pierres precieuses, la Porcelaine, 
 & les Miroirs. La Mdthode de peindre sur le Verre & en Email. De 
 tirer les couleurs des Me"taux, Mineraux, Herbes & Fleurs. 
 
 Ouvrage rempli de plusieurs Secrets & Curiositez, inconnues jusqu'a 
 present. Par M. Haudicquer de Blancourt. A Paris ; Chez Jean 
 Jombert, pre's les Augustins a I'lmage notre-Dame. M.DC.XCVII. Avec 
 Privilege du Roy. 
 
 12. Pp. [16] 602 [5, i blank]. 8 plates. 
 
 There is an English translation : The Art of Glass, London, 1699, 8, to which was 
 added an appendix on making glass-eyes. New edition of the French, Paris, 1718, in 
 two parts, 12. This is a reprint of the 1697 edition, to which has been added " Traite 
 des Pierres Precieuses." 
 
 The original work is little more than a translation of Neri's L'Arte Vetraria. 
 
 The author was born in Picardy about 1650, and 
 he traced his descent from a Robert Haudiquer 
 who flourished in 1342. By some he is called 
 Jean, by others Francois. He lived in Paris and 
 spent five and twenty years in accumulating 
 material for the history of the nobility of his pro- 
 vince. He fell heir also to the collection of MSS. 
 belonging to Francois Duchesnc, whose daughter 
 he married in 1684. In addition to his genealogical 
 and heraldic studies he cultivated chemistry and 
 
 even affirmed that he possessed some alchemical 
 secrets. In consequence of a charge of forging 
 ancient titles of nobility he was sent to the galleys 
 in 1701, and this was commuted to perpetual 
 imprisonment. All his papers and collections were 
 deposited in the Bibliotheque Royale, 10 July, 1708. 
 His works relate to the nobility of Picardy, 
 Paris, 1693 or 1695, 4, pp. 578. Historical 
 researches on the Ordre of the Saint-Esprit, Paris, 
 1695, 2 vols, 12, and the present treatise on glass. 
 
368 HA UDICQ UERHA UTNOR THON 
 
 HAUDICQUER DE BLANCOURT. Continued. 
 
 Journal des Scavans, Sept. 1693, P- 43 1 (notice Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 of his work on the nobility); Avril, 1695, p. 179; 1806-08, p. 211 (calls him Blankard in the index, 
 
 Juin, 1710, p. 410 (notice of his work on the order but Blanccart in the text, and speaks of an edition 
 
 of the St. Esprit). of Paris, 1697, 4 (sic)). 
 
 Jacques Lelong, Bibliotheqne historique de la Biographic Universelle, 1857, xviii. p. 540 
 
 France, 1771, Hi. p. 711, No. 40510; p. 729, No. (article by Weiss). 
 
 40767. Nouvelle Biographic Gt!ne'rale, 1858, xxiii. col. 
 
 Adelung, Fortselzung . . , su . . . Jochers . . . 549. 
 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1828. Ferguson, 'Notes on ... Books of Secrets,' in 
 
 Gmelin, Gesckichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 39. the Transactions of the Archaeological Society of 
 
 Glasgow, 1883, ii. p. 194 ; 1890, N.S. i. p. 226. 
 
 HAUSS (Das) des Lichts. 
 
 See PHILALETHES (EUGENIUS). 
 
 HAUTNORTHON (JOSAPHAT FRIEDERICH). 
 
 Der Verlangte Dritte Anfang der Mineralischen Dinge, oder vom Philosophischen 
 Saltz ; Nebenst der wahren Preparation ; Lapidis & Tincturae Philosophorum. 
 Darin die Sucher dieser grossen Geheimniifs vom Philosophischen Werck 
 einen solchen Nachricht finden, dafs defsgleichen mit keinem Gelde zu 
 bezahlen ; So aber ihnen aufs inniglichem Mitleiden wegen defs langen 
 suchens rund und frey heraus ohn alien umbschweiff mitgetheilet wird vom 
 Sohn Sendivogii, genant I. F. H. S. Gedruckt zu Amsterdam, Vor 
 Christoffel Luycken, Buchverkauffer auff der Haarlemmen Creutzstrafsen, da 
 sie verkaufft werden. 1657. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 40. 
 
 This is the original of the first division of the 'Vorrede' is signed: J. F. H. S., Gegeben in 
 Lucerna. There is said to be an edition : Amster- Liefflandt den 28 Mart. 1657, which would seem 
 dam, 1656, but that may be doubted, for the to imply that this is the first edition. 
 
 Josaphat Friederich Hautnorthons Svecus, dritter Anfang der Mineralischen 
 Dinge, oder vom Philosophischen Saltz; nebenst der wahren Praeparation 
 Lapidis et Tincturae Philosophorum. Darinnen die Sucher dieser grossen 
 Geheimniifs vom Philosophischen Werck eine solche Nachricht finden, dafs 
 defsgleichen mit keinem Gelde zu bezahlen ; So aber ihnen aus inniglichen 
 Mitleiden, wegen des langen Suchens, rund und frey heraus ohne alien 
 Umschweiff mitgetheilet wird. Und nun zum Druck befordert worden 
 durch Friederich Roth-Scholtzen Herrenst. Siles. Niirnberg, bey Adam 
 Jonathan Felfsecker. 1727. 
 
 8. Pp. 339-390. Extract from Roth-Scholtz's Theatrum. 
 
 Lucerna Salis Philosophorum. Hoc est : Delineatio nuda desiderati illius 
 Principii tertii mineralium Sendivogiani, sive Salis pontici, quod est subjectum 
 omnis mirabilitatis & Academia unica veterum Sapientum, nee non clavis 
 artis Gebricae, claudens sigillans & aperiens, nemine alias pandente vel 
 occludente, continens simul veram prseparationem hujus mirabilis saponis 
 & aquse siccae, quae nihil madefacit, nee ulli alii rei in Mundo commiscetur, 
 quam metallis : Secundum methodum qua cuncti Philosophi panacasam illam 
 universalem confecerunt, in salutem afflicti hominis ceu effigiei & imaginis 
 gloriosi Dei, qui laudetur in secula seculorum. Ad contestandum animum 
 officiosum erga prolem doctrinse fideliter eidem communicata filio Sendi- 
 
HA UTNORTHON 
 
 369 
 
 HAUTNORTHON (JOSAPHAT FRIEDERICH). Continued. 
 
 vogii, anagram maticb vocato : Tuis Ophir dono fert theca Saturni. Annum 
 publicationis continet famosum illud Paracelsi vaticinium : 
 
 ELIas artlVM artes DoCeblt. 
 Et illud nostri Cosmopolite : 
 
 MonarChla BoreaLIs aDVenlet. 
 Et Bohmii Teutonic! : 
 
 LILIVM eDet f Lores a septentrlone. 
 Amstelodami, Apud Henricum Betkium, cum privilegio. An. M DC LVIII. 
 
 8". Pp. 167 [i]. 
 
 The 'Pnefatio' is signed " J. F. H. S. Filio 
 Sendivogii," which stands for Josaphat Fridericus 
 Hautnortton or Hautnorthon, or Heutnortton 
 Suecus. 
 
 The volume contains, i the whole of the German 
 of 1657, but Capp. ii. & v. have been enlarged. 
 At the end of Cap. viii. has been introduced a 
 ' Recapitulatio,' and a catalogue of the best and 
 most useful authors, and a warning against the 
 writings of Glauber (p. 63), to whom the author 
 was uncompromisingly opposed. 
 
 Then follows (pp. 64-136) a harmony of authors 
 on different parts of chemistry, in thirteen chapters, 
 with an Epilogus. 
 
 Next conu-s the ' Dialogus prnepnrationem Lapidis 
 Philosophic! ampliiis detegens,' to which are added 
 
 the Rhythmi beginning : ' Res quaedam in hoc 
 Mundo invenitur,' 'Es ist ein Ding in dieser 
 Welt.' 
 
 Two short notes to the reader contain, i : an 
 account by the author of the origin of the work and 
 the meaning of the title ' Filius Sendivogii,' and 
 2 : the statement of the author's pseudonym : 
 Josaphat F. Heutnortton. 
 
 The appendix contains : ' Colloquium Spiritus 
 Mercurii cum fratre Alberto Bayero sive Bavaro, 
 Monacho Carmelitano, &c. , which was printed also 
 in Figulus' Thesaurinella, p. no, and must not be 
 confused with the dialogue of Mercury, an Al- 
 chemist, and Nature, ascribed to Sendivogius. 
 Both dialogues are included in Roth-Scholtz's 
 edition of Sendivogius' Works, 1718, pp. 72, fjS. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Dritter Anfang der Mineralischen Dinge vom Philosophischen Saltz. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728,^.339. 
 
 Prsefatio ad Mysterium occultae Naturae, anonymi discipuli Johannis Grassei 
 Chortolassei. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 523. 
 
 Tractat vom philosophischen Salze. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 157. 
 
 The name of the author of these tracts appears 
 under the initials J. F. H. S., with the additional 
 title Filius or Sohn Sendivogii. The last phrase 
 has been supposed to denote actual kinship, but 
 this is not in accordance with what is known other- 
 wise of the author, and it means only that he 
 reverenced Sendivogius as his father, instructor, 
 and example. The author, indeed, himself settles 
 the question, for he says (Lucerna, p. 154) : Ne 
 quid lector colendissime sinistri de me Auctore 
 hujus tractatuli cogites, quod ego me magni istius 
 Sendivogii filium nominem, scias velim, me car- 
 naliter talem non esse, sed secundum doctrinam, 
 quam vere paternam ex ipsius incomparabilibus 
 opusculis habui, ut etiam ipse fatetur in tract. II. 
 his verbis : Dixi tibi per sanctum Deum, quod 
 pater filio debet, etc. 
 
 The interpretation of the initials is given in the 
 Lucerna, p. 157, where the editor informs us that 
 after publishing the above German tract, he was 
 inundated with letters asking for the author's 
 name, and he did not know what it was if not 
 Josaphat Fridericus Heutnortton. 
 
 This name appears also as Hautnortton and 
 Hautnorthon, and the S. stands for Suecus or 
 Suevus. 
 
 In addition to the above tracts he wrote another, 
 Sudum Philosophicum, in German and Latin on 
 opposite pages, 1660, 8, pp. 294 [i blank]. This 
 is a violent attack on Glauber. The same initials 
 also appear in the 1695 edition of Hollandus' 
 Opus Vegetabile, as those of the editor, and 
 ' Northon or Hautnorthon, by birth a Swede, and 
 son-in-law of the world-renowned Polish adept 
 Sendivogius,' is the reputed author of certain 
 ' canonic rules ' in verse, which are contained in 
 the ' Hermaphroditisches Sonn- und Mond-Kind,' 
 1752 (q.v.). 
 
 Now while the initials have been elucidated by 
 the user of them himself, it has been gathered from 
 other sources that Hautnorthon is a pseudonym, 
 and that the author was Johann Harprecht. 
 
 Borrichius tells us that Johann Harprecht (who 
 liked to hide himself under the title ' Filius Sendi- 
 vogii'), son of the Tubingen professor, secretary for a 
 time to Baron Cronstein at Riga, spent the whole 
 
 2 A 
 
370 
 
 HA UTNORTHONHEADRICH 
 
 HAUTNORTHON QOSAPHAT FRIEDERICH). Continued. 
 
 winter with him in 1657, and during their in- 
 tercourse admitted that he had got the MS. of 
 Grasseus' or Chortolasseus' ' Kleiner Bauer ' from 
 a friend in Livonia, and had often read it and even 
 transcribed it ; that he had no doubt of the truth 
 of the processes, but as he had only some ores of 
 lead from Misnia to work on he meant to go to 
 Holland to prove the truth of the MS. by experi- 
 ment. When there he published certain tracts : 
 De Sale Philosophorum, Lucerna Salis Philosophici, 
 etc., under the name of Filius Sendivogii. In these 
 he gives expression to pious and God-fearing 
 sentiments after the fashion of the old sages, but 
 whether when he published them, he was an adept or 
 not, Borrichius confesses he was very much in doubt, 
 not merely because, shortly before, Harprecht knew 
 nothing whatever about the art of assaying metals, 
 but especially on account of two observations in the 
 writings themselves : one that the matter at the 
 beginning of the great work is sweet, which points 
 to the use of lead ; the other that the ' crude spirit 
 tinges, but not permanently," which Borrichius 
 shows is borrowed from a passage in the ' Kleiner 
 Bauer. ' 
 
 In all this account, curiously enough, Bor- 
 richius takes no notice of the initials J. F. H. S., 
 but Roth-Scholtz adds the remark that "his name 
 must have been Johann Friederich and not simply 
 Johann, because J. F. H. S. stands on his writings, 
 which may denote : Johannes, Filius, Harprechti, 
 Svevus." Perhaps it may; but it would surely 
 have been more logical and reasonable on Roth- 
 Scholtz's part to have put 'Johannes Fridericus 
 Harprecht, Svevus.' Then Roth-Scholtz goes on 
 to quote the passage from the Lucerna above 
 mentioned in which the name of Josaphat Fri- 
 dericus Hautnortton is given, after which all the 
 entries are put under that title. 
 
 While therefore Borrichius assigns the tracts to 
 Harprecht, and exhibits no knowledge of Haut- 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 35 (calls him Filius Sendivogii). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Michaelis Sendivogii Chymisdie 
 Schrijften, 1718, Vorbericht, p. 13. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 188 
 (calls him Harbrecht, and quotes the name Haut- 
 norton) ; 196-204 (and notes). 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermitique, 1742, iii. p. 297. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein , 1753, Th. i. p. 90 (re- 
 commended to beginners !). 
 
 Petraeus, Basilii Valentini Chymische Schriften, 
 1769, Neue Vorrede, 62 verso-e^ recto. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 96. 
 
 Beytrag xur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 617. 
 
 nortton, Roth-Scholtz ignores the name of Har- 
 precht, and deals with Hautnortton as the author. 
 
 As Borrichius is quite positive about his origin, 
 the author was the son of Johann Harprecht, 
 professor of law at Tubingen (who died 18 Septr., 
 1639, Witte, Diarium Biographicum, Nn4 recto 
 sub anno), and was born in 1610. It is possible 
 that he was impressed by Sendivogius' transmu- 
 tations and attracted by his writings, and in his 
 enthusiasm called himself his 'son, 'and endeavoured 
 to understand his writings and attain the position 
 of an adept, and for this purpose travelled in order 
 to find some one who could throw light on the 
 subject. But I have not found anything positively 
 stated about him, except what Borrichius says, and 
 the dates of his books ; not even the date of his 
 death is recorded. 
 
 Petraeus, however, has introduced some fresh 
 complications. He also identifies Harprecht with 
 the ' Filius Sendivogii,' and states that he made use 
 of Grasseus' book. He then adds that he sold the 
 MSS. on account of their illegibility for a good 
 sum, that they were taken to Livonia, that Har- 
 precht ultimately married a woman with money, 
 changed his name to Johann Hiskias Cardilucius, 
 and published a number of medical and chemical 
 books. This also is possible, for, if the accounts be 
 correct, Cardilucius was still alive in 1680 at least 
 one of his books appeared in that year. But on the 
 other hand those who mention Cardilucius, Matthiae 
 for example (Conspectus Historic Medicorum 
 chronologicus, 1761, p. 830) make no reference what- 
 ever to his being the same person as Harprecht. 
 
 Birkholz (AdaMah Booz) accepts Borrichius' 
 statement, but adds nothing to our knowledge of 
 the facts. He states, however, that the latest 
 edition is that in Joseph Ferdinand Kleeblatt's 
 Neue Herausgabe einiger rar gewordener chemischtn 
 sehr nutsbaren Tractdtlein, Frankfurt und Leipzig, 
 1768. 
 
 AdaMah Booz, Die gauze hohere Chemie, 1787, 
 Vorbericht, f.*4 recto. 
 
 Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic 
 der Rosenkreu&er, 1788, iii. pp. 35-49. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 619, 
 624. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 153. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 410. 
 
 Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 P- 256. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1213. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 386. 
 
 HEADRICH QOHN). 
 
 Arcana Philosophia or, Chymical Secrets, containing the noted and useful 
 Chymical Medicines of Dr. Wil. and Rich. Russel Chymists, viz. 
 I. Species Vitse, alias Universalis. 
 II. Tinctura Regalis, call'd Scorbutick, &c. 
 
 III. Species Coroborativa, alias Pleuretica. 
 
 IV. Species Proprietatis. 
 V. Species Minor. 
 
 VI. A Pestilential Cordial, call'd his White Cordial. 
 
HEADRICHHECKENHA UER 37 1 
 
 HEADRICH QOHN). Continued. 
 
 As also Several Curious Chymical Processes and Spagerick Preparations 
 of Natural things for the use of Medicin, and many other things of great 
 use and vertue in Eradicating the most Stubborn Diseases ; Likewise Four 
 curious small Treatises, viz. the I. of Fevers, the II. of the Jaundies, the 
 III. of Madnefs, and the IV. of Diarrheas, Lientries, &c. by the Renowned 
 and most Approved Dr. Aurelius Philipus Theophrastus Paracelsus, of 
 Hoheneim. Publish'd by John Headrich, Philo-Chymicus, and formerly 
 Operator to Dr. Richard Russell. London, Printed and Sold by Henry 
 Hills in Black-Fryers, the Publisher, at the Blew Ball in Hogsden, over 
 against the Crooked Billet, near Shoreditch Church, and the Booksellers 
 of London, &c. 1697. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 128 [7, i blank]. 
 
 Richard Russell of whom Headrich calls himself der and Kopp, but nothing seems to be known 
 
 the operator, is known as the translator of the about the man himself. In the British Museum 
 
 works of Geber and Beguinus, and possibly others. Catalogue he is called Headrick. 
 Headrich's book is mentioned by Gmelin, Schmie- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 319. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 351. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 460. 
 
 HEBENSTREIT (ERNST BENJAMIN GOTTLIEB). 
 See SCHEELE (KARL WILHELM), Opuscula, 1788. 
 
 Hebenstreit was born at Leipzig, 10 Feb., 1758. Vom rothen Spiefsglase, 1784 ; treatises on the 
 
 He studied at the University there, and graduated sophistication of wines, on medicine and surgery, 
 
 in medicine, in 1785 was appointed professor &c. ; and translated Wallerius 1 Metallurgy, the 
 
 extraordinary of general Medicine, and in 1793 of works of Bergman, Fontana, Fpurcroy, Van 
 
 Anatomy and Surgery at the University. He was Marum, and others. He died at Leipzig, 12 Dec., 
 
 a member of several societies. He wrote some 1803. 
 papers : De aquas natura ae'rea, Leipzig, 1785 ; 
 
 Weiz, Das gelehrte Sachsen , 1780. Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon p. 873. 
 
 der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller , 1797, iii. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- 
 
 p. 135 ; ix. p. 532 ; xi. p. 327 ; xii. p. 338 ; ii. p. 64 ; cine, 1836, III. i. p. 67. 
 
 N. i. p. 255 ; ii. p. 126 ; iii. p. 143 ; iv. p. 242 ; v. p. Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 
 560; vi. p. 235 ; vii. p. 532 ; viii. p. 327 ; ix. p. 338. 1855, pp. 622, 648, 738. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. I'oggendorff, Biographisch-littrarisches Hand- 
 
 270, 296, 313. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1043. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 106. 
 
 HECKENHAUER (WILHELM). 
 
 Wilhelm Heckenhauers des Jiingern, gewesenen Guardein und Miintz-Meisters 
 in Augspurg, Logier-Biichlein, vorstellend, wie man kiirtzlich ohne Rechnung, 
 allerley Silber auf allerhand Zusatze logieren konne. Anjetzo verbessert, 
 vermehrt, und mit 3. Loth angefangen. Deme auch gantz neu beygefiiget 
 ist, ein deutlicher Unterricht, wie man das Gold logieren konne und solle; 
 Allen Gold- und Silber-Arbeitern, und welche sich des Logierens bedienen, 
 zur Nachricht vorgestellet und zum Druck befordert von denen der Zeit 
 Hoch-Obrigkeitlich-verordneten Vorgehern und Geschwornen der Gold- 
 schmiden, auch zu finden auf der Goldschmids-Stuben in Augspurg. Mit 
 Rom. Kayserl. Majestat allergnadigstem Privilegio. Daselbst gedruckt bey 
 Joh. Jacob Lotter, 1714. 
 
 8. No pagination. Sigs. )(i-7, A-Z, Aa-Gg in 8, Hh-Ll in 4 (-ff. 256). i leaf of 
 errata. 
 
372 
 
 HEERHEINIKE 
 
 HEER (HENRICUS AB). 
 
 Spadacrene. Hoc est Fons Spadanus, accuratissime descriptus, acidas bibendi 
 modus, medicamina oxipotis necessaria. Et observationum medicarum 
 oppido rararum liber unicus authore Henrico ab Heers, Tungro, Ser. 
 Princ. Ferdinand! Elect. Colon. Princ. Leod. &c. Medico Cubiculario. Editio 
 correctior, & auctior cum Indice. Secunda Batava Editio. Lugduni Bata- 
 vorum, Ex Officina Adriani Wyngaerden, Anno doIocxLVii. 
 
 12. Pp. [22] 159 [17] ; [8] 254 [21, 3 blank]. Vignette, with the motto: Ardua 
 Quae Pulchra. 
 
 Hendrik van Heer belonged to a patrician 
 family of Tongres in the state of Liege, where he 
 was born about 1570. He was distinguished by 
 his knowledge of philosophy and the mathematics. 
 He travelled in Germany, Italy, Spain, France and 
 England, and knew the languages of those countries 
 as well as Latin, Greek and Hebrew. He graduated 
 somewhere as M.D. and settled in Liege as town- 
 physician from 1605. He was also physician of 
 Ernest Ferdinand, Elector of Cologne. He died 
 about 1636. He was a man of great erudition, of 
 keen insight and solid judgment, who continued a 
 diligent student to the close of his career. Every 
 year he spent some weeks at Spa, on which he 
 wrote the present book. 
 
 Van der Linden, De scriptis medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 196. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 394. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 106. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 621. 
 
 Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 449. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon< 1740, 
 p. 382. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1750, ii. 
 eol. 1432. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historiqut de la Medecine, 
 I 7SS. ii- P- 20 I r 778, ii. p. 471. 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 logisus, 1761, p. 548. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 353. 
 
 HEILMANN QOHANN JACOB). 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, vi. 1 66 1. 
 
 Heilmann was a physician at Zweibriicke and 
 edited the above volume from MSS. and rare 
 editions which had escaped notice in the previous 
 volumes of the Theatrum. In his preface he 
 specially requests those who may have unpublished 
 MSS. to let him have them for printing, as he 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Chemic* Curiosa, 1702, sig. 
 1 3 verso. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Akhymia, 1730, p. 80. 
 
 It first appeared at Liege, 1614, and other 
 editions are mentioned: 1622, 8; Lugd. Bat., 
 
 1645, 12; 1682, 2 vols., 16 ; 1685, 12 (pp. 
 [24], 159 [17] ; [6] 254 [19, i blank]), Lips., 1645, 
 12 . It was translated into French : Liege, 1630, 
 
 1646, 8 ; 1645, I2 I La Haye, 1739, 12, edited 
 by Warner Chrouet, with notes and emendations, 
 especially in the Chemistry. Vindiciae pro sua 
 Spadacrene, Leodii, 1624, 8, was written against 
 Van Helmont. A book which procured him dis- 
 tinction is entitled: 'Observationes Medicas oppido 
 rarae in Spa et Leodii animadversae cum medica- 
 mentis aliquot selectis,' Leodii, 1631,8; Lips., 
 1645, I2 I Lugd. Bat., 1685, 12 (appended to the 
 Spadacrene). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 309. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 P- 53- 
 
 Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 126. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 PP> 547- 555- 
 
 Biographie Nationale . . . de Belgique, 1884-85, 
 viii. col. 832 (and references). (Article by Alphonse 
 Le Roy.) 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p. 26 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, yi. p. 983. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Leiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. no. 
 
 intended to continue the Theatrum. No more, 
 however, was ever issued. 
 
 In the preface (sig. * 7 verso} he tells the story 
 of Gustenhofer's transmutation at Strasburg in 
 1603. It was copied from him by Manget and is 
 referred to by Erbinaus and others. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 623. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 332. 
 
 HEIMLIGKEIT (von der) aller Heimligkeiten. 
 
 See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. i and p. 321. 
 
 HEINIKE (SAMUEL). 
 
 Clavicula Salomonis oder Schliissel zur hochsten Weisheit erklart, von Samuel 
 Heinike. Erster und Zweiter Theil. Prefsburg, bei Philipp Ulrich 
 
 Mahler, 1789. 
 
 8'. Pp. [8] 158 [2 blank]. 
 
 The Clavicula Salomonis has nothing to do with conjuration, in Adelung's Geschichte der Mensch- 
 chemistry or alchemy. See an article on the lichen Narrheit, 1788, vi. pp. 332-457. 
 treatise, which deals with magic, demonology and 
 
HELBACH HELCHER 373 
 
 HELBACH (FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Olivetum, das 1st, Kunstbuch, darinnen griindtlicher vnd aufsfiihrlicher Bericht 
 gezeigt wird, wie man aufs alien Erdtgewachsen, Metallen vnd andern 
 natiirlichen dingen, die zwey edelstenstiick in der Artzney, als Oel vnd 
 Saltz, nach Alchymistischer arth extrahiren vnd machen konne : Darinnen 
 auch beschrieben werden alle Oel vnd Saltz, so durch grossen fleifs vieler 
 vornehmer Medicorum zu vnser zeit in wolbestelten Apothecken zufinden, 
 auch von beriihmpten Medicis, Wundtartzten, Apotheckern vnd Alchymisten 
 gebraucht werden : Aufs vielen Autoribus, auch noch vngedruckten 
 Alchymistischen Schrifften zusammen getragen, vnd in zweyen Biichern 
 fleissig beschrieben, Uurch M. Fridericum Helbachium, Eckartshusanum. 
 Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Johann Saur, in Verlegung Peter 
 Kopffen. M.DC.V. 
 
 4. Pp. [18] 165 [n] [2] blank. Title red and black, i Woodcut. Imperfect: 
 pp. 69-78 torn out. 
 
 This work is mentioned by Haller as well as und Experimenten, Frankfurt, 1606, 8. This 
 
 another by the same author : Oenographia, Wein- person is mentioned both by Jocher and Haller, 
 
 keller, oder Kunstbuch vom Wein und Krauter- but the latter puts (sic) after his name as if he had 
 
 \vein, Frankfurt, 1604, 4. had some doubt about it. Certainly the form of 
 
 At this time there lived also a Wendelin von the title is exactly like those of Friedrich Helbach's. 
 
 Helbach who wrote : Hortus Corporis, Artztgartlein I have not found any notice of these authors, 
 des menschlichen Leibes mit nothwendigen Stiicken 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1777, ii. 
 col. 1460. p. 368 ; p. 389 (Wend. v. Helbach). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotluca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 401. Adelung, Fortsetzung ... 2 ... Jochers . . . 
 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1888. 
 
 HELBIG (JOHANN OTTO). 
 
 See HELLWIG (JOHANN OTTO VON). 
 
 HELCHER (HANSS HEINRICH). 
 
 Aurum Potabile, oder Gold-Tinctur, dessen Preparation, samt des Goldes 
 Vortrefflichkeit und Anologie (sic) mit unserm Corper, Wtirckung und 
 Gebrauch curative so wohl als preservative, deutlich beschrieben, und auff 
 vielerley Einwiirffe ausfiihrlich geantwortet wird von Hanfs Heinrich Helcher, 
 Phil. & Med. Doct. der Kayserl. Leopoldinischen Societat Naturae Curiosorum 
 Mit-Gliede, und Practice in Schweidnitz. Schweidnitz und Leipzig, Bey 
 Joh. Herbord Klofsen, Buchhandl. A. 1712. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] no. 
 
 Aurum Potabile, oder Gold-Tinctur, dessen Preparation dafs die sicher, 
 samt des Goldes Vortrefflichkeit und Analogic mit unserm Corper, Wiirckung 
 und Gebrauch curative so wohl als preservative, nebst andern Medicamenten 
 vor allerley Kranckheiten deutlich beschrieben, und auff viele Einwiirffe 
 ausfiihrlich geantwortet wird von Hanfs Heinrich Helcher, Phil. & Med. 
 Doct. der Kayserl. Leopoldinischen Societat Naturae Curiosorum Mit-Gliede, 
 und Practice in Brefslau. Zum andern mahl vermehrter auffgelegt. 
 Brefslau und Leipzig, Bey Joh. Herbord Klofsen, Buchhandl. A. 1718. 
 8. Pp. [32] 309 [10, i blank]. 
 
 Helcher was born at Oels, in Silesia, 9 May, 12 Nov., 1696. He practised at Oels and Schweid- 
 1672 (1671, Fuchs). Studied at Breslau and nitz " with more reputation than merit, for he was 
 Frankfurt a. d. O. and graduated M. D. at Leipzig, a man of ' secrets ' who in an enlightened age like 
 
374 
 
 HELCHERHELL WIG 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 478. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 205. 
 
 Biographic Alldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 138. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotlieque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1635. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p, 42 ; and 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 998. 
 
 HELCHER (HANSS HEINRICH). Continued. 
 
 ours [always the ignorant self-sufficient boast of the and clung to his beliefs till the close of his life. He 
 
 eighteenth century] nourished himself on the old was elected a member of the Academia Naturae 
 
 chimaeras, long ago condemned." He was a be- Curiosorum, 24 June, 1711, under the name of 
 
 lieverin potable gold as the present writing testifies Hierotheus. He died of apoplexy, 30 Oct., 1729. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 
 206-208. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisch.es Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 383- 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, 
 ii. col. 1460. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Naturce Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 489, No. 288. 
 
 Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Aledi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 753. 
 
 HELIAS ARTISTA. 
 
 See ELIAS. 
 
 See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH). 
 
 HELIOPHILUS a Percis Philochemicus. 
 See PERCIS (HELIOPHILUS A). 
 
 HELLRIEDEN (JOHANN HEINRICH COCHEIM VON). 
 See COCHEIM (JOHANN HEINRICH) von Hollrieden. 
 
 HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON). 
 
 Chirurgia in Nuce, oder : Kurtze Anweisung, wie ein Chirurgus, oder Wund- 
 Artzt, nechst Gottlicher Hulffe, allerhand Schaden, als Wunden, Geschwiire, 
 Briiche, &c. mit wenigen, doch guten, Medicamenten in kurtzer Zeit heilen, 
 und so wohl den Patienten als sich selbst glucklich machen konne; Jetzo 
 vermehret, und von vorigen Druckfehlern gesaubert. Ans Licht gegeben 
 von L. Christoph. Helwig, jetzo Med. Privil. in Erffurdt. Muhlhausen, 
 Verlegts Michael Keyser, Buch-Handler. 1718. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 51 [3 blank]. 
 The first edition, which was incorrectly printed, was published at Muhlhausen, 1709. 
 
 Fasciculus unterschiedlicher alten raren und wahren Philosophischen Schrifften 
 vom Stein der Weisen, aus einem alten Lateinischen Manuscripto ins 
 Teutsche iibersetzet, nebst einer curiosen Epistel von denen Duum Viris 
 Hermeticis Fcederatis, und einer Vorrede von einem wunderbaren vermischten 
 uncorrosivischen Menstruo ex Macro- & Microcosmo die Metalleri zu solviren, 
 von Lie. Christoph von Hellwig, Med. Pract. Erff. Leipzig und Bremen, 
 Verlegts Johann Andreas Grimm. Anno 1719. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 302. Register [18]. Title red and black. 
 
 1. Eines unbekanten Autoris Tract, wie der 
 gebenedeyte Stein der Weisen zu machen [or, Von 
 Composition des gebenedeyten Steins], p. i. 
 
 2. Fr. Herckmanns von Heidelberg Biichlein 
 von secreten oder heimlichen Dingen (Geheim- 
 niissen) aller Philosophorum, die ehmahls vom 
 Stein der Weisen geschrieben. [? Heckman], p. 30. 
 
 3. Eines unbekanten Aut. Gesprach vom Steine 
 der Weisen [or, Gesprach vom Lapide Philoso- 
 phorum], p. 44. 
 
 4. Mag. Alemanni von Bononien in Italien voll- 
 kommen Werck [also Alamanus], p. 64. 
 
 5. Dessen Send-Schreiben von Erklarung der 
 Geheimnisse der alten Weltweisen, p. 82. 
 
 6. Eines unbekanten Autoris sehr niitzlicher 
 Tractat in der Alchimie [or, Tractatus Alchymias], 
 p. 101. 
 
 7. Licht der Weltweisen [or, Lumen Philoso- 
 phorum ; or, Luminare], p. 126. 
 
 8. Andrese Osiandri Tract, von der Philosophia 
 oder Weltweisheit, p. 143. 
 
 9. Gilberti, Patriarchens zu Constantinopel Tr. 
 vom Stein der Weisen, p. 147. 
 
HELLWIG 375 
 
 HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON). Continued. 
 
 10. Bernhardi von Trier, Canonici zu Regens- 12. Arnoldi de Villa Nova Opus de Arte majori, 
 purg Tract, von Nachfolgung der Natur, p. 164. oder das grosse Werck, p. 254. 
 
 11. Francisci Arnolphini von Luca in italien Tr. 13. J. O. B. D. Hellwig* Judicium de Duum 
 de Lap. physico [or, philosophico] seu Summa Viris Hermeticis Fcederatis, & horum Epistola 
 Rosarii Philosophorum, p. 195. Buccinatoria secunda, p. 263. 
 
 * (i.e. Johann Otto, Baron de Hellwig.) 
 
 Vermehrt und verbessertes neu eingerichtetes Lexicon Medico Chymicum, 
 oder : Chymisches Lexicon, worinnem nicht alleine die Nahmen der nothigsten 
 Laborum Chymicorum, sondern auch die gebrauchlichsten Vasa, Oefen, 
 Instruments, &c. benennet ; nebst andern niitzlichen Dingen. ' Wqrbey auch 
 unterschiedliche Stiicke, was vor Composita daraus prsepariret und laboriret 
 werden, und von deren Tugenden, Krafften, Dosibus, &c. zu finden. 
 Lateinisch und Teutsch, nach dem Alphabeth eingerichtet. Nebst einen 
 Anhang etlicher Apothecker-Taxe, als einer Zugabe in Druck gegeben durch 
 L. Christoph von Hellwig, Jtzo Med. Pract. in Erffurt. Franckfurth und 
 Leipzig, In verlegung Johann Christoph Stofsels seel. Erben. in Erffurth, 
 
 1718. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 488. Frontispiece included. Title red and black. 
 
 There was an edition, apparently of this book, in 1711, 8. 
 
 Neu eingerichtetes Lexicon Pharmaceuticum, oder Apothecker-Lexicon, wor- 
 innen Teutsch-Lateinisch, und Lateinisch-Teutsch, beyde nach dem Alphabeth, 
 die Stiicke, welche ex triplici Regno, oder dreyfachem Natur-Reiche, als 
 regno Minerali, Vegetabili, Animali, in der Medicin, Apothecke und Chirurgie 
 gebrauchlich, zu finden : Darbey auch die Praeparata was von jedem Stfick 
 zu haben, nicht weniger die Vires und Doses gesetzet worden, um sich 
 desto besser und leichter darein zu richten; Vor diejenigen, welche der 
 edlen Medicin, Apothecker-Kunst und Chirurgie zugethan, nothig; vor 
 andere aber, welche nicht dergleichen Profesfion, niitzlich und annehmlich 
 zu lesen, und zu gebrauchen, Mit sonderm Fleifs und Miihe also eingerichtet 
 und anitzo zum Drittenmahle in Druck gegeben von L. Christoph Hellwigen, 
 P. L. C. & Pract. Erffurt. Franckfurth und Leipzig, In Verlegung Johann 
 Christoph Stossels seel. Erben in Erffurt, 1714. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 350 [2 blank]. Title black and red. 
 Of this work there was an edition in 1710. 
 
 Das bey jetzigen Zeiten neu-eingerichtetes Pest-Apotheckgen, darinnen der 
 Pest Ursprung, Eigenschafft und Zeichen genau beschrieben ; Samt einer 
 deutlichen Anweisung, wie man sich mit schlechten und wenig kostenden, 
 jedoch von Alt- und Neuen Medicis an vielen Menschen bewarth erfundenen 
 Haufs-Mitteln von denen jetzt hin und wieder grasfirenden pestilentzialischen 
 Fiebern und ansteckende Seuchen durch Gottes Beystand, so wohl vorsichtig 
 prseserviren, als auch gliicklich curiren konne ; Sonderlich denen Armen 
 und dem Land-Mann, wie auch andern zum besten auffgesetzt; von L. 
 Christoph Hellwig, Medic. Practic. ErfFurtens. Franckfurt und Leipzig, 
 zu finden bey Hieronymo Philippo Ritscheln, Buchhandler Anno 1714. 
 
 8. Pp.[8] 5 2[ 4 ]. 
 
376 H 'ELL WIG 
 
 HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON). Continued. 
 
 Regulae de Formulis Medicamentorum conscribendis, das ist : Vom Recept- 
 Schreiben, in lucem editae a L. Christophoro Hellwigio, Thuringo, P. L. 
 Caes. Phys. Tenstadiens. Francofurti & Lipsias, Apud Johannem Christo- 
 phorum Stosselium, Bibliopolam Erffurtensem, M DCC VII. 
 
 8. Pp. 76 [4 blank]. 
 
 A second edition, enlarged, appeared in 1712. Motschmann says this is the only tract he wrote in 
 Latin. 
 
 L. Christoph. Hellwig. Colleda-Thur. P. L. Caes. u. i. z. Stadt-Physic. zu 
 Tannstadt in Thiiringen. De Vera Solutione Auri, oder : Bericht von der 
 wahren Solutione Auri, dafs solche, mit kleiner Miihe, und Kosten, in 
 kurtzer Zeit, gantz ohne Feur, allenthalben, zu Wasser und Lande, Winters, 
 und Sommers, zu machen, und, dafs man Animam Auri extrahiren, und 
 ein so genandtes Aurum potabile, leichtlich, zu einer hohen Medicin haben 
 konne ; aus der Erfahrung beschrieben. Nebst einem Sendschreiben, vom 
 Lapid. Philosophorum. Jena, Verlegts Job. Bielcke, Buchhandl. 1702. 
 8. Pp. [1-9] 10-47 [i blank]. MS. notes. 
 
 Kurtze Beschreibung, Lob, Nutz und Gebrauch, des Theriacs, und Mithridats : 
 Nebst einem Anhange, von der Medicina Universali, und woher solche zu 
 kriegen, &c. aufgesetzet von L. Christoph. Hellvvig, Colleda-Thur. P. L. 
 Caes. ietziger Zeit, Stadt-Physico zu Tannstadt in Thiiringen. Miihlhausen, 
 zufinden bey Michael Kayser, Buchhandler, im Jahr 1 704. 
 
 8. Pp. 54 [2 blank], 
 See HELLWIG (JOHANN OTTO VON). 
 
 Christoph von Hellwig, Helwig, or Helbig, He wrote thirty-one books and half-a-dozen 
 brother of Johann Otto, was born at Colin on the tracts in his own name on medicine, surgery, 
 Losse, or Colleda, in Thuringia, 15 July, 1663, anatomy, botany, pharmacy, physics, &c. One of 
 went to Jena in 1681, and made great progress in the most interesting of these has the title : Anmu- 
 medicine, when he was induced by his brother to thige Berg-Historien worinnen die Eigenschafften 
 accompany him on the journeys he was obliged to und Nutz der Metallen, Mineralien, Erden, Edel- 
 undertake as a physician. He returned to Jena und andrer Steine beschrieben, nebst curiosen Re- 
 tor a brief period and then went to Erfurt in 1685, lationen, was vor denckwiirdige Sachen an unter- 
 and attended the courses of Vesti, Leichner, and schiedenen Orten ubci- HndunterderErden,vornehi>i- 
 Hartenfelss, and appeared on four occasions in tick in der Baumanns- Hole und Brockets- Bergezu 
 public disputations. sehen, Leipzig, 1702. He appeared under the 
 
 In 1688 after passing the examination as Candi- pseudonyms Valentin Krautermann, Gaspar 
 
 datus Medicinse, he began practice at Weissensee. Schroeder, and Constant Aletophilus Herzberger, 
 
 In 1693 he removed to Franckenhausen on the and he edited works by his brother, by Sebastian 
 
 Kyffhauser, and on the 28 June held his inaugural Wirdig, Francken von Franckenau, Cardilucius, 
 
 disputation for the licentiateship, under the pre- Conrad Kunrath, and others. 
 
 sidency of Hartenfelss, who a few days before had Our author must be distinguished from another 
 
 conferred on him the poetical laurel- wreath. person of the same name who graduated M. D. at 
 
 In 1696 he was chosen physician by the town of Basel in 1666, was made professor the same year at 
 
 Tennstadt in Thuringia, where he continued till Greifswald, and died there in 1690. He was a 
 
 1712, when he went to Erfurt, and died there 27 member of the Leopoldine Academy. 
 
 May, 1721. A third, possibly a son of the preceding, was also 
 
 On 3 August, 1716, he was created a Knight of professor of medicine at Greifswald. 
 the Golden Cross and Count Palatine. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lex icon, 1740, 
 
 74 (the ' Fasciculus ' ; ' no longer of any value, and p. 386. 
 
 most of the copies have been sold as waste paper '), Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 439. (He 
 
 219, 222-228. interprets the initials L.C.H.P.T. to mean: Lie. 
 
 Motschmann, Erfordia Literata, 1729, i. pp. Christoph Helwig, Practicus Tenstadiensis.) 
 
 135-161. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorutn Medicorum, col. 1478. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 644. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothccce metallicec, logicus, 1761, p. 874. (Ch. v. Hellwig and his 
 
 1732, pp. 67, 68. pseudonyms.) 
 
HELLWlG 377 
 
 HELLVVIG (CHRISTOPH VON). Continued. 
 
 Haller, Blbliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 81. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 453, 601. 
 
 1778, ii. p. 489. Dezeimeris, Diclionnaire historique de la. mtde- 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern C/iemie, 1785, cine, 1836, III. i. p. 94. 
 
 p. 534. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches ffand- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 321, worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1058. 
 
 383, 683. 'L.adxz.gQR,BibliothequeOuva.roff, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chetnischen Litteratur, 1870, Nos. 1347-49. 
 
 1806-08, pp. 191, 225, 226, 229. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- 
 
 Biographie Medicate, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- den Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 
 
 25), v. p. 142. 139. 
 
 HELLWIG (JOHANN OTTO VON). 
 
 Job. Ottonis Helbigii, Dr. Chur-Fiirstl. Durchl. zu Pfaltz Rahts, Lei b- Medici, 
 und bey der Heydelberg. Vniversitat P. P. Griindliche Antwort, Auff 
 folgende Drey Fragen : 
 
 I. Was eigentlich der Lapis Philosophorum sey? 
 
 II. Worinnen seine Materia bestehe, und wie sie miisse bereitet werden ? 
 III. Vnd endlich was man von denen Laboranten und Goldsuchern 
 insgemein Alchemisten, an Herren-Hofen, halten solle ? An seinen geliebten 
 Freund, C. T. S. Dr. 
 
 Heidelberg, In verlegung Johann Michael Riidigers Gedruckt bey Samuel 
 Ammon. 
 
 12. Pp. 24. 
 
 Job. Ott. Lib. Bar. de Helwig, Magn. Britann. Eqvit. &c. Curiosa Physica, 
 oder Lehre von unterschiedlichen Natur-Geheimnissen, welche unter etliche 
 Capitel gesetzet, und auf der ander Seite, befindlich sind, in etwas vermehret ; 
 und ausgefertiget von L. Christoph Helwig, Colleda-Thur. P. L. Cses. Phys. 
 in Tanstadt. In Verlegung Michael Kaysers. Sondershausen, Druckts 
 Ludwig Heinrich Schonermarck, Fiirstl. Schwartzb. Hof-Buchdr. Im Jabr 
 1701. 
 
 12. Pp. [12] 105 [i blank]. Interleaved with MS. notes. 
 
 Johannis Ottonis Liber. Baronis de Hellvvig, Magn. Britann. Eqvitis S. Reg. 
 Maj. Danic. Consiliarii &c. piae Memorise, Arcana Maiora, oder curiose 
 und niiztliche Beschreibung vieler wahrhaften Physicalischen, Medicinischen, 
 Chymischen, Alcbymischen, Chyrurgischen, und Oeconomischen Geheimnisse. 
 Aus Weltberiihmter Leute, so wohl Indianischen Braminen oder Weltweisen, 
 als auch Teutschen, Spanier, Italianer, Engellander, Hollander, Danen, 
 Frantzosen, und anderer vortreflichen Manner Manuscriptis, und Correspon- 
 dentzen, auch eigener Erfahrung, auf seinen zwantzig jahrigen weitlauftigen 
 Reisen, mit sonderbaren Fleifs collegiret. Mit unterschiedlichen schonen 
 raren Experimenten, Observationen, und Animadversionen vermehret. Auf 
 instandiges Verlangen vieler (so wohl Hoher als Niedriger) Patronen und 
 Freunden, nunmehro in Druck gegeben, auch mit niitzlichen Figuren und 
 nothigen Registern versehen, von L. Christoph Hellvvig, Phys. zu Tannstadt. 
 Erste Erosnung (sic for Erofnung). Franckfurt und Leipzig, verlegts 
 Michael Kayser, Buchhandler in Miihlhausen, daselbst druckts Tobias 
 David Bruckner, im Jahr 1712. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 77 [i. Register 9. i blank], 2 woodcuts. 
 
378 
 
 HELL WIG 
 
 HELLWIG (JOHANN OTTO VON). Continued. 
 
 Zweyte Erb 
 Dritte 
 Vierte 
 Funfte 
 Sechste 
 Siebende 
 Achte 
 Neunte 
 
 fnung 93. Register 
 , , 73. Register 
 , 103. Register 
 , [2] 70. Register 
 , [2] 80. Register 
 , [2] 71. Register j 
 M 54 (for 55)- R 
 [2] 48. Register [ 
 
 9]. i woodcut. 
 4, i blank]. 3 woodcuts. 
 
 8J. 2 woodcuts. 
 
 -4 
 
 7], 68-9 skipped, 
 eg. [6, i blank]. 5 woodcuts. 
 5]. 
 
 The first title is in black and red printed over two pages. Each part has a 
 title sometimes included, sometimes not, in the pagination of the part. The book is 
 coarsely printed and the woodcuts are very rude. This copy wants the portrait and 
 biographical notice by his brother which are not included in the pagination. 
 
 Gmelin (p. 322) quotes only an edition Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1704, 12, of the 
 abo\ r e. 
 
 Johann. Ottonis de Helbig, Magnae Britanniae Equitis, & Serenis. Principis- 
 Electoris Palatini Consiliarii, &c. Judicium de Duumviris Hermeticis 
 Foederatis, & horum Epistola buccinatoria secunda, Amico tale petenti per 
 Epistolam responsoriam communicatum, debitoque in bonum publicum 
 amore nunc editum. Jense, Apud Samuelem Adolphum Miillerum Anno 
 M DC LXXXIII. 
 
 12. Pp. 45 [3 blank]. 
 
 Poggendorff quotes this book apparently under the title : Judicium de viribus hermeticis, Amstelod. , 
 1683, 12, which seems to be a misapprehension. 
 
 Judicium de Duum-Viris Hermeticis Fcederatis. 
 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 263. 
 
 HELLWIG (JOHANN OTTO VON). 
 
 See ALIPULI, Centrum Naturae Concentratum, 1682. 
 
 See QUADRATUM ALCHYMISTICUM, 1705. 
 
 See ALIPULI, Centrum Naturee Concentratum, 1756. 
 
 Poggendorff ascribes the above tract : Centrum by the way, is not noticed by Poggendorff at all. 
 natures concentratum, Danzig, 1632, 12, to Hell- The date 1632 is a misprint for 1682 ; he has not 
 wig, not aware that he was only the translator, and considered that Hellwig was not born till 1654. 
 
 that the nominal author is Ali Puli, whose name, 
 
 His name is written Helbig, and Helwig, but as 
 it appears in the Arcana Maiora above, it is 
 Johann Otto Liber Baro von Hellwig. He was 
 born in 1654 at Colleda in Thuringia. From 1671 
 he studied medicine at Jena, Erfurt, Altorf, and 
 Basel, and graduated M. D. at Erfurt in 1675. He 
 then went to Amsterdam, sailed to the East Indies 
 and practised for some years in Batavia. On his 
 travels he mixed with all kinds of people, studied 
 their languages and manners and learned much 
 from them. When he returned from the east he 
 travelled in Portugal, France, Italy, Denmark, 
 Holland, England, knew most of the languages 
 and was received with much honour. He was the 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 652. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 44, No. Ixxi, 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historian liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 469. 
 
 Christoph Hellwig, notice prefixed to Arcana 
 Maiora, 1712. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotlieca Chemica, 1727, pp. 
 215-219, and note pp. 220-222. 
 
 Motschmann, Erjordia Literata, 1729, i. p. 137 
 (from the preceding). 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 642. 
 
 electoral councillor and physician and honorary 
 professor at Heidelberg, he was privy councillor at 
 Gotha, the same rank was conferred on him by 
 Christian V., king of Denmark, and Charles II. 
 created him a baronet. He died at Bayreuth in 
 1698. He was the elder brother of Christoph 
 Hellwig, above, and his portrait by Jacob Petrus is 
 at Erfurt. 
 
 Besides the above he wrote also : Introitus in 
 veram et inauditam physicam, Batavios, 1678, 4 ; 
 Hamburg!, 1680, 8 ; Heidelberg, 1680, 12, with 
 two letters, one on the philosopher's stone and the 
 other on trie Rosicrucians. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallices, 
 1732, p. 67. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisck.es Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 387- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. pp. 183, 184. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1481. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historian Medi- 
 corum chronologicus , 1761, p. 867. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 656. 
 ("In obs. 194, brevia quaedam & partim parum 
 probabilia profert, de hominibus caudatis, feminis 
 
HELLW1GHELMONT 379 
 
 HELLWIG (JOHANN OTTO VON). Continued. 
 
 mammas in dorso habentibus." But these, which Gmelin, Geschichtt der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 26, 
 
 may have appeared incredible to Haller, may have 219, 270, 322. 
 
 been merely misinterpretations by Hellwig of what Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 he saw on his travels). 25), v. p. 146. 
 
 Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 453. 
 
 Ordens des Goldenen und Rusenkreutzes, 1783, p. Kloss, Bibliographic der Freymaurerei, 1844, 
 
 107. Nos. 2629, 2630. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hana- 
 
 PP- 533. 633, 654. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1057. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Mt'decine, 'L?i&ra.g\ie,BibliothequeOuvaro j g e ,Sciences Secretes, 
 
 1788, ii. p. 489. 1870, Nos. 1193-95, 1345, 1552. 
 
 Haller, Bibliutheca Medicina practice, 1788, iv. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 331, 332, 351, 
 
 P- 294- 357. 375- 
 
 HELLWIG (OTTO). 
 
 Send-Schreiben an P. Alexium Augustiner Ordens in Wien. 
 
 See CHYMISCHES LUST-GARTLEIN, 1747, p. 97. 
 
 Haller (Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 146) Zittau, 1721, 4, by Otto Hellwig. Is he the same 
 mentions a tract, Sonderbarer dhcours vom Urin, person as the above? 
 
 HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). 
 
 C.LI 1 1. Aphorismes Chymiques. Ausquels on pent facilement rapporter tout 
 ce qui regarde la Chymie. Mis en ordre par les soins & le travail de 
 L'Hermite du Fauxbourg. Nouvellement traduit du Latin en Francois, par 
 M. S. D. R. A Paris, Chez Laurent d'Houry, rue Saint Jacques, devant 
 la Fontaine S. Severin, au Saint Esprit. M.DC.XCII. Avec Privilege du 
 
 Roy. 
 
 12. Pp. 33 [i blank]. 
 
 Limojon de Saint Disdier is credited with the work : La Lumiere sortant par soy mime des Tene- 
 
 authorship of this tract. But see Kellner. bres, Paris, 1692, 12, and is here bound separately. 
 
 The Aphorisms were translated into English by I have not seen this edition. 
 
 Christopher Packe. There are also copies of the Aphorismes dated 
 
 The above forms the supplement to Crassellame's 1693. 
 
 CLIII. Aphorismi. 
 
 See KELLNER (DAVID), Wohlangerichtetes ^Erarium Chymicum, 1702. 
 
 Francisci Mercurii Freyherrn von Helmont Paradoxal Discourse, oder : Unge- 
 meine Meynungen von dem Macrocosmo und Microcosmo, das ist : Von 
 der grossen und kleinern Welt und derselben Vereinigung mit einander, 
 worinnen von der Sonnen, Mond und Sternen, und ihrer Wiirckung und 
 Einflufs, wie auch insonderheit von dem Menschen, Thieren, Erdgewachsen, 
 Metallen und Mineralien, Steinen und Saltzen sampt andern curiosen Dingen 
 aufs der Erfahrung nachdencklich gehandelt wird. Aufs der Englischen in 
 die Hochteutsche Sprache iibersetzet. Hamburg, [the rest cut off by the 
 binder]. 
 
 8. Pp. [6] 369 [for 389] [i blank]. Title red and black. 2 full page woodcuts. 
 
 Franciscus Mercurius was the youngest of J. B. more brilliant man than his father, but he lacked 
 
 van Helmont's sons. His two elder brothers died his persistence and perseverance, and was unable 
 
 of the plague. He was born probably at Vilvorde to concentrate his powers on any one department of 
 
 in 1618, it is doubtful if he went to the University, learning. His restlessness prevented him doing 
 
 but he was endowed with unusually great abilities steady work. When still young he joined a band 
 
 and seemed to be able to learn whatever he had a of gypsies in order to learn their language ; in 1662, 
 
 wish for. He was an excellent linguist, an artist, after publishing his father's works, he went to 
 
 a handicraftsman, a physician, a chemist (he led Rome, and while there drew on himself the notice 
 
 people to believe that he had the secret and means of the Inquisition by some views he had protnul-. 
 
 of transmutation), and a theosophist. He was a gated about metempsychosis, so that he found it 
 
HELMONT 
 
 HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). Continued. 
 
 convenient to leave, and in 1663 he was at Mann- 
 heim, and then he visited Sulzbach and stayed a 
 considerable time with the Count Palatine. Here 
 he met Knorr von Rosenroth, the author of Kab- 
 bala denudata, a man after his own heart, and 
 together they began to translate the works of his 
 father into German. He returned to Holland, 
 crossed to England, and stayed some years there, 
 publishing one or two books in English and for a 
 time at least joined to the Quakers. Hanover was 
 hrs next place of residence, and here he was on 
 friendly terms with Leibnitz, and finally the 
 Electress of Brandenburg invited him to Berlin, 
 which he never afterwards left. He died at Coelln 
 a. d. Spree a suburb of Berlin in 1699, aged 81. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 
 230, 235. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 648. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1740, 
 ii. p. 397 (Th. iii. c.viii. 25, sqq.). 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1471. 
 
 MoreYi, Le grand Dictionnaire historique, 1759, 
 v. p. 570. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1766, IV. 
 i. p. 721. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 465. 
 
 Eloy, Diclionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 482. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1779, iii. 
 
 P- 57- 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der mcnschlichen Narrheit, 
 1787, iv. p. 294. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 314 
 (quotes ' 1'Hermite du Fauxbourg ' (? Coelln) but 
 does not give van Helmont's name). 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1817, xx. p. 19 ; 1857, 
 xix. p. 82. 
 
 Besides seeing his father's works through the press, 
 he wrote some of his own. That of most interest 
 at the present day bears the title : Alphabeti vere 
 Naturalis Hebraici brevissima Delineatio, Sulzbach, 
 1657, I2mo, pp. [36, with the frontispiece], 107 [i, 
 colophon], 36 plates, and it not only attempts to 
 expound the principle of a rational alphabet, but to 
 explain the method of teaching deaf-mutes to 
 understand what is said by the motions of the'lips. 
 
 The German translation, Sulzbach, 1667, Ade- 
 lung says was by Knorr von Rosenroth. 
 
 He left no writing on Chemistry and does not 
 seem to have had the special interest in it exhibited 
 by his father. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopadie , 1829, 
 Sect. ii. Th. v., p. 187. 
 
 Kloss, Bibliographie der Freimaurerei, 1844, 
 Nos. 231 (Paradoxal Discourse), 3882, 3883 (the 
 Alphabet). 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 169. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, 
 i. p. 446. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Centra le, 1858, xxiii. col. 
 864. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1060. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 
 Nederlanden, 1867, viii. p. 495. 
 
 C. Broeckx, Le Baron Francois Mercure van 
 Helmont, Anvers, 1870, 8, pp. 28. 
 
 Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences philosophiq ties, 
 1875, P- 1754- 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 347 
 (the alphabet). 
 
 Biographie Nationale, publUe par I' Acadtmie 
 Royale . . . de Belgique, 1884-85, viii. cols. 921- 
 926 (article by Alphonse Le Roy). 
 
 HELMONT (JOHANN BAPTISTA VAN). 
 
 Aufgang der Artzney-Kunst, das ist : Noch nie erhorte Grund-Lehren von 
 der Natur, zu einer neuen Beforderung der Artzney-Sachen, so wol die 
 Kranckheiten zu vertreiben, als ein langes Leben zu erlangen. Geschrieben 
 von Johann Baptista von Helmont, auf Merode, Royenborch, Oorschot, 
 Pellines, &c. Erbherrn. Anitzo auf Beyrahten dessen Herrn Sohnes, Herrn 
 H. Francisci Mercurii Freyherrn von Helmont, in die Hochteutsche Sprache 
 iibersetzet, in seine rechte Ordnung gebracht, mit Beyfiigung dessen was 
 in der Ersten auf Niederlandisch gedruckten Edition, genannt Die Morgen- 
 Ro'hte, mehr, oder auch anders, als in der Lateinischen, durchgehends, 
 wie auch mit einem ehmals ausgelassenen Tractat von der grossen Krafft 
 der Worte und Dinge, aus dem geschriebenen vermehret, von alien in 
 alien Editionen eingeschlichenen Fehlern gereiniget, und mit deutlichen 
 Anmerckungen, so zu einem gnugsamen Schliissel aller dunckeln Orte 
 dienen konnen, erlautert : Samt einer neuen Vorrede, darinnen ein kurtzer 
 Entwurff aller Helmontischen Kranckheiten und Artzneyen : Wie auch 
 einem vollstandigen Register. Sultzbach, In Verlegung Johann Andreae 
 Endters Sel. Sohne, Gedruckt bey Johann Hoist, Anno M.DC.LXXXIII. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [32] 1270 [59, i blank]. Title red and black. Frontispiece and 
 portrait of Van Helmont separate. 
 
HELMONT 
 
 HELMONT (JOHANN BAPTISTA VAN). Continued, 
 
 De Magnetica vulnerum Curatione, Disputatio contra opinionem Joan. Roberti. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 457. 
 
 Praecipiolum : or the immature- mineral- electrum, the first metall : which is the 
 minera of mercury. 
 
 See COLLECTANEA CHYMICA, 1684, p. 45. 
 
 Van Helmont was born at Brussels in 1577, of a 
 noble family of Brabant, and he was the owner of 
 several estates. He had finished his Arts course 
 at Louvain by the time he WHS seventeen, but did not 
 take the degree as he was dissatisfied with what he 
 had been taught. He now turned to science and 
 pursued algebra, astronomy, astrology, botany, 
 philosophy, ethics, and even magic, but gave them 
 up on account of the defects he found in them. 
 He was next attracted by Kpictetus and Seneca and 
 at last fell upon the writings of Thomas a Kempis 
 and Tauler and went over to mysticism. Having 
 resigned his property to his sister and given up the 
 privileges of his mnk he turned to medicine, studied 
 every author he could find, and made himself thor- 
 oughly familiar with the works of Hippocrates and 
 Galen. He astonished the doctors by the extent of 
 his learning, and graduated at Louvain in 1599. 
 He spent a couple of years in Switzerland and 
 Italy and returned home, and on the failure of the 
 physicians to cure him of a slight disorder he gave 
 up the school medicine and considered that his 
 aim now was the overthrow of the system which 
 had been erected on that of Galen. 
 
 After this he travelled over the length and 
 breadth of Europe and returned to Holland im- 
 pressed with the interest and importance of chem- 
 istry. Having married a rich Brabant lady, 
 Marguerite van Ranst, he settled at Vilvorde, and 
 to the end of his life shut himself up in his labora- 
 tory pursuing chemical investigations and writing 
 his various books. 
 
 He was much esteemed by the Elector of Cologne, 
 and Rudolph II. Matthias and Ferdinand II. sent 
 him invitations to their courts, but he could not be 
 induced to leave his laboratory. 
 
 He did not escape controversy, however, and in 
 his reply to Roberti on the magnetic cure of 
 wounds no fewer than twenty-seven propositions 
 incompatible with the Catholic faith were dis- 
 covered. He was kept in prison for a short time, 
 but when it was found that he was not toying with 
 heresy he was liberated. He had, however, to 
 retract his opinions formally, and remained ' sus- 
 pect ' for some time after ; something resembling 
 a ticket-of- leave man under police supervision. It 
 was not till two years after his death that his wife 
 induced the Archbishop of Malines to make his 
 rehabilitation complete. 
 
 His discussion with van Heer about the water of 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, pp. 114, 266. 
 
 Lorenzo Crasso, F.logii cT Hiiomini Letterati, 
 1666, ii. pp. 144-150, and portrait. 
 
 Will. Cooper, A Catalogue of Chymicall Books, 
 1675, Sig. Q, recto. 
 
 Witte, Memories Medicorum nostri seculi Claris- 
 simorum renovates dccas prima, 1676, p. 125 (by 
 Van Helmont himself and his son). 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 528. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 55, 67, 70-73, 249, 252. 
 
 Witte, Diarium biographic urn, 1688, 30 Dec. 
 1644, sig. Ss. 4 verso. 
 
 Spa was effervescent and sparkling while it lasted, 
 but entailed no church censure. 
 
 Van Helmont died of pleurisy at Vilvorde, 30 
 Dec., 1664. During his lifetime he published three 
 or four works : 
 
 De Magnetica Vulnerum naturali et legititna 
 Curatione, Paris, 1621, 4. 
 
 De aqirts Leodiensibus medicatis, Colon. Agr., 
 1624, 8. 
 
 Febrium doctrina inaudita, Antwerp, 1642, 16. 
 
 Opuscula Medica inaudita, Col. Ag., 1644, 8 ; 
 editio secunda, Amsterodami,i648, 4, containing De 
 Lithiasi.de Febribus,deHumoribusGaleni, dePeste. 
 
 His writings which had been nearly lost, were 
 collected by his son, and without much arrange- 
 ment or editorial supervision by him were printed 
 in a hurry, although they were looked after to 
 some extent by Louis Elzevir, the printer. They 
 appeared in a 4 volume, ' Ortus Medicinae,' Am- 
 stelodami, 1648, 1655, and other editions are 
 enumerated : 1652 (said to be the best) ; Venet., 
 1651, fol. ; as 'Opera Omnia,' Lugd. Bat., 1653, 
 folio ; 1667, folio ; Francof., 1682, 1684, 4 ; Hafniae, 
 1707, 4 (by Valentinus). 
 
 Translations were made into Dutch, Rotterdam, 
 1660, 4 ; French, Lyon, 1671, 4 ; German as 
 above ; English, translated by John Chandler : 
 Oriatrike or Physick Refined, London, 1662, small 
 folio, pp. [43, i blank] 1161 [i blank, 22]. Pre- 
 fixed is a frontispiece containing portraits of Van 
 Helmont and his son, and the coats of arms belong- 
 ing to his different properties, with that of his wife. 
 Cooper quotes an edition of 1664. A translation 
 of three of his tracts was made by Dr. Walter 
 Charleton : A Ternary of Paradoxes : The Mag- 
 netick Cure of Wounds, The Nativity of Tartar in 
 Wine, The Image of God in Man, London, 1650, 
 4, pp. [52] 147 [i blank], and there was issued 
 along with it another translation also by Charleton 
 from Van Helmont : Deliramenta Catarrhi : or 
 the Incongruities, Impossibilities and Absurdities 
 couched under the vulgar opinion of Dejlnxions, 
 London, 1650, 4 pp. [12] 75 [i blank]. 
 
 Various judgments have been passed on Van 
 Helmont at various times, represented by Guy 
 Patin and Adelung on one hand and by the modern 
 writers on medicine on the other. For his position 
 as a chemist there may be consulted what is said 
 by Kopp, Hoefer, Melsens, Chevreuland Alphonse 
 Le Roy. 
 
 Colberg, Das Platonisch-Hermetisches Christen- 
 thum, 1690-91, Th. i. p. 197. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 42. 
 
 Keren- Happuch , . , oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 86. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 437 b ; 1713, 
 vi. pp. 607, 717, 788, 836. 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 
 1710, p. 955. 
 
 Morhof, I'olyhtstor, 1714, ii. pp. aoi, 337,373.413- 
 
 Acta Medicorum Berolinensium , 1721, viii. (por- 
 trait and short notice). 
 
382 
 
 HELMONTHEL VETIA 
 
 HELMONT (JOHANN BAPTISTA VAN). Continued. 
 
 Barchusen, De Medicines Origine et Progressu 
 Dissertationes, 1723, pp. 412-432. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 
 229-235 (portrait mentioned, p. 102). 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 
 180 (van Helmont is the authority for Butler's 
 story). 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 644-48 (reprint of his life by him- 
 self and his son, with remarks attributed to 
 Boerhaave). 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicin- 
 ischen Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 243-246, 247, 248, 530, 
 775, 898. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromes Bibliotliecee Metallicce, 
 
 1732, p. 67. 
 
 Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, i. p. 570. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- itnd Ketzer-Historien, 1740, 
 (Th. iii. c.viii. i, sqq.}, ii. p. 390. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 384. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1472. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 91. 
 
 Mor^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique, 
 1759, v. p. 570. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 560. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophice, 1766, IV. 
 i. p. 709. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomie et de la Chir- 
 nrgie, 1770, ii. p. 640 & passim. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 473. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 
 418-21 (criticism and list of his works). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 307. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 col. 518. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. pp. 478-482 ; 1755, ii. pp. 20-24. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 8. 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit, 
 1787, iv. p. 257. 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Akhemie . . . Duisburg, 
 1789, p. 168. 
 
 Metzger, Skizze einer pragmatischen Literdr- 
 geschichte der Medicin, 1792, p. 274, 227. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 511- 
 J 3> 5 2 4-5SO, 6 75. 6 77, 72i ; I79 8 , " PP- 373, 782, 
 783- 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. pp. 
 416-423. .. 
 
 Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- 
 kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens,i8o^, p. 79. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 102. 
 
 J. J. Loos, Johann Baptist van Helmont, Heidel- 
 berg, 1807. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 147. 
 
 Rixner & Siber, Leben und Lehrmeinungen be- 
 riihmter Physiker, vii. Heft. Sulzbach, 1826. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 pp. 130, 198, 292-316, 549, 591. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie , 1829, 
 Sect, ii., Th. v. p. 187. 
 
 Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 179. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mede- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 97. 
 
 Diedericus Henricus Fraenkel, Vita et Opiniones 
 Hchncniii, Lips., 1837, 4. 
 
 Isensee, Geschichte der Medicin, 1840, i. p. 302, 
 & passim. 
 
 G. A. Spiess, /. B. van Helmont's System der 
 Medicin, Frankfurt a. M., 1840. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 140 ; 
 
 1869, ii. p. 134. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 116- 
 127, & passim. 
 
 Lettres de Gui Patin, ed. J. H. Reveille'-Parise, 
 1846, i. pp. xiii., 225, 355, 503; ii., 117, 178, 461 ; 
 iii. 77. (The editor does not agree with Patin's 
 opinions.) 
 
 Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1848, i. p. 289; 
 1849, ii. p. 176. 
 
 Journal des Savants, 1850 (article by Chevreul). 
 
 C. Broeckx, Le premier Ouvrage de J. B. van 
 Helmont . . . ou Eisagoge in Artem Medicam a 
 Paracelso restitutam. Publii pour le premier fois. 
 Anvers, 1854 (references in the Introduction). 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 361. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apotheker, 
 1855, p. 470. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1817, xx. p. 15; 1857, 
 xix. p. 80. 
 
 Cap, Etudes biographiques, Premiere Se'rie, 1857, 
 p. 90. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1858, xxiii. col. 853. 
 
 Kluyskens, Des Hommes ctlebres dans les sciences 
 et les arts et des Medailles qui consacrent leur 
 souvenir, 1859, ii. p. 531, and a medal. 
 
 Poggendortf, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1060. 
 
 Stockl, Geschichte der Philosophic des Mittelalters, 
 1866, iii. pp. 458-472. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 
 Nederlanden, 1867, viii. p. 498 (and references). 
 
 W. Rommelaere, tudes sur J. B. van Helmont, 
 Bruxelles, 1868 (contains a minute biography). 
 
 Figuier, Vies des Savants illustres (Savants du 
 XVII* Siecle], 1870, pp. 379-405 (with references). 
 
 Ladrague,Z?/W/0//%^e Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 1870, Nos. 1617-18, 1632. 
 
 Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences philosophi ques, 
 1875, p. 1751. 
 
 Melsens, Notice historiqrce surj. B. van Helmont, a 
 propos de la definition et de la theorie de lajlamme, 
 Bruxelles, 1875, 8. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1880, xi. p. 703 
 (article by Delff, who quotes only Rixner & 
 Siber as his authorities). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 
 344, &c., &c. 
 
 Biographie Nationale publiee par I' Acadfmie 
 Royale . . . de Belgique, 1884-85, viii. col. 902 
 (article by Alphonse Le Roy). 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p, 47 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 1005 (and the references). 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopidique des Sciences mfdi- 
 cales, 4eme Se'rie, 1886, xii. p. 655. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 142. 
 
 HELVETIA. 
 
 See PHARMACOPOEA HELVETICA, 1771. 
 
HELVETIUS 383 
 
 HELVETIUS QOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Johannis Friderichs Schweitzers, Guldenes Kalb, welches die gantze Welt 
 anbetet und verehret, in welchen gehandelt wird von einem sehr hohen 
 Wunder der Natur die Metalleu (sic] zuverandern, nemlich, Wie die gantze 
 Substanz und Wesen des Bleyes in einer Minuten von einem sehr kleinen 
 Kornlein des warhafftigen Philosophischen Steins in ein vollkommen Gold 
 zu Graffenhage verwandelt worden. 
 
 Job. 37. v. 5. Gott machet Wunderding, aber wir konnen solche nicht 
 
 verstehen. 
 
 Seneca in seinem 77. Sendschreiben. Man mufs die Schmehereden der 
 Unwissenden mil Gedult vertragen, und ist die Verachtung von dem, 
 der auf Ehr und Tugend zu wandelt, selbst wieder zuverachten. 
 In Teutsch verfertigt, und zum Druck befordert 1668. In Niirnberg, Bey 
 Wolf Eberhard Felfsecker. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 54. Plate of the Prague Medal. 
 
 The Golden Calf, Which the World Adores, and Desires : In which is handled 
 The most Rare and Incomparable Wonder of Nature, in Transmuting 
 Metals ; Viz. How the intire Substance of Lead, was in one Moment 
 Transmuted into Gold-Obrizon, with an exceeding small particle of the 
 true Philosophick Stone. At the Hague. In the Year 1666. Written in 
 Latin by John Frederick Helvetius, Doctor and Practitioner of Medicine 
 at the Hague, and faithfully Englished. London, Printed for John Starkey 
 at the Mitre in Fleet Street near Temple-Barr, 1670. 
 12. Pp. [1-8] 9-129 [3 blank]. 
 
 Will. Cooper, the chemical publisher in the Worlds Idol, pp. [10] 41 [i blank], published it 
 
 seventeenth century, had translated this tract, along with his Philosophical Epitaph and some 
 
 when he was anticipated by the publication of the other tracts and the Catalogue of Chymical Books, 
 
 above. He then abbreviated his translation, and, London, 1675, 8. 
 under the title : A Brief e of the Golden Calf, or the 
 
 Joannis Friderici Helvetii, Vitulus Aureus, quern mundus adorat et orat. 
 Oder : ein sehr curioses Tractatlein in welchem das rare und wundersame 
 Werk der Natur in Verwandelung derer Metallen-Historien ausgefiihret wird : 
 Wie nemlich das ganze Wesen des Bleyes in einem Augenblick durch Hiilfe 
 eines sehr kleinen Stticks des Steins der Weifsen zu dem allerbesten Gold, 
 von obengenannten Herrn Helvetius im Haag gemacht und verwandelt 
 worden. Aus dem Lateinischen iibersetzt. Frankfurt und Leipzig, bey 
 Johann Georg Efslinger, 1767. 
 
 8. Pp. (including the frontispiece) [1-13] 14-80. The frontispiece is an engraving 
 of the Prague Medal. 
 
 See FUNF Curieuse Chymische Tractatlein, 1767. 
 
 The above is the fifth tract in this collection, but it is quite separate, and could perfectly well appear 
 by itself, as indeed it does in the following entry. 
 
 Joannis Friderici Helvetii, Vitulus Aureus, quern mundus adorat et orat. 
 
 Oder: ein sehr curioses Tractatlein in welchem das rare und wundersame 
 
 Werk der Natur in Verwandelung derer Metallen-Historien ausgefiihret 
 
 wird. Wie nemlich das ganze Wesen des Bleyes in einem Augenblick 
 
384 
 
 HELVETIUS 
 
 HELVETIUS (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 durch Hulfe eines sehr kleinen Stiicks des Steins der Weifsen zu dem 
 allerbesten Gold, von obengenannten Herrn Helvetius im Haag gemacht 
 und verwandelt worden. Aus dem Lateinischen iibersetzt. Franckfurt 
 und Leipzig, bey Johann Georg Efslinger, 1767. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-13] 14-80, including the frontispiece, which is an engraved plate of the 
 Prague Medal. 
 This is identical with the preceding, but has been separated from the collection. 
 
 Giildenes Kalb. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1728, i. p. 481. 
 
 Vitulus aureus quern mundus adorat et orat. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 196. 
 
 See MUSEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p. 8 1 5. 
 
 Johann Friedrich Schweitzer, latinized Helvetius, 
 great grandfather of the philosopher, was born at 
 Kothen, in the Duchy of Anhalt, in 1625 (Roth- 
 Scholtz says 1631), studied medicine, went to the 
 Hague, and became physician to the Prince of 
 Orange. He was the author of one or two medical 
 and botanical books, and also of some on alchemy, 
 as : De Alchymia opuscula complura veterumphilo- 
 sophorum, Francof. 1650, which I have not seen, 
 and which seems to me to be too curiously like a 
 book with the same title printed at Frankfurt in 
 1550. He is now remembered by the present work, 
 in which he gives an account of the transmutation 
 of which he was witness in 1666. The book passed 
 through several editions, and the case excited a 
 great deal of discussion. By some it was looked 
 on as conclusive proof of the actuality of trans- 
 mutation ; by others it was considered too puerile 
 for comment. Kopp, however, asks if a man like 
 Helvetius could have narrated such an occurrence 
 either erroneously or untruthfully ; and he thinks 
 that it would not be reasonable to assume either. 
 On the strength of this cautious view more energetic 
 believers in the occult have brought it forward at 
 the present moment as historically incontestable. 
 See Dr. G. H. Berendt, Das Buck der Wunder 
 (1901, the book is not dated, but it came out this 
 year), ii. p. 709. 
 
 Helvetius died at the Hague, 29 Augt. , 1709. 
 His portrait is given in Roth-Scholtz's Bibliotheca 
 Chemica, 1727, frontispiece to Stuck iv. 
 
 The book was first published in Latin at 
 Amsterdam, in 1667 ; at the Hague, 1702, 8, pp. 
 [1-6] 7-72, folding plate ; and, it is said, also in 
 1705. The German version was published at 
 Nurnberg, 1668 ; other editions quoted are 1675, 
 
 Goosen van Vreeswyk, De GoudeLeeuw, 1675-76, 
 
 P- 5- 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renavatus, Norimbergae, 
 1686, p. 584 (mentions only three works). 
 
 Spinoza, De Nagelate Scknften, Amst. 1687, 4, 
 p. 585, or Opera Posthuma, p. 533. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Chemicorum celebriornm, 
 1697, p. 40. 
 
 Barchusen, Pyrosophia succincta, 1698, p. 424. 
 
 Hannemann, Jason [1709], p. 22. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1714, ii. p. 306 ('Homo 
 exigui judicii, et circumforanere tantum doctrinae'). 
 
 Chymiphilus, Der wahren chymischcr Weisheit 
 Offcnbahrung, Nurnberg, 1720, p. 71. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, Nurnberg, 
 1727, pp. 237-247. Portrait. (Long list of hisworks.) 
 
 1727 ; Frankf. a. M. 1705, 1726. Dutch : Goiiden 
 Kalf, waar in aangetoond naordt hoe door ntiddcl 
 van den philosophischen Steen het Lood in Gond is 
 veranderd, Amsterdam, 1749. 
 
 Kopp has made a curious statement which 
 deserves notice, otherwise it may lead to mistakes. 
 When describing Helvetius' " Vitulus Aureus," he 
 adds in a parenthesis that he is not to be confused 
 with a contemporary physician in Kothen of 
 exactly the same name, who, in 1655, at Leyden, 
 published an alchemical writing " Ichts ausnichts. " 
 Now below Helvetius' portrait, as given by Rpth- 
 Scholtz, is the inscription : Johannes Fridericus 
 Helvetius, Anhaltinus Gothonensis, Medicinse 
 Doctor, et Practicus ab A. 1661. Hagae comitis, 
 denique ab A. 1676. Amstelodamensis, verus de 
 transrautatione Plumbi in Aurum testis ejus denique 
 fabricator. Nat. A. 1631. 
 
 On the other hand, in the Beytrag gur Geschichte 
 der hbhern Chemie, 1785, p. 617, occurs the follow- 
 ing : "214. lo. Frider. Helvetii Ichts aus nichts, 
 Leiden 1655. 12. Von einem Manne, der sich 
 getrauete, ein goldnes Kalb zu zeugen (he did 
 not, but that does not affect the present argu- 
 ment !) kann man schon erwarten, dafs er etwas 
 aus nichts hervorbringen konnte." 
 
 There is not the slightest doubt in these passages 
 as to the identity of Helvetius of Kothen with the 
 author of the Golden calf, and of the identity of the 
 author of " Ichts aus nichts " also with the author 
 of the Golden Calf. I am not aware of any 
 ground for the distinction Kopp draws. He is so 
 very accurate that one hesitates to believe that he 
 has here been in some sort of misapprehension, but 
 it seems to be the case. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 
 Nurnberg, 1728, i. p. 481. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, Tubingen, 
 1730, pp. 156 (the author says the narrative is 
 by far the finest he knows), 335. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scrip tor um Medicorum. 
 Genevae, 1731,1. ii. p. 650. (Copied from Mercklin.) 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Geleh rten -Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 p. 3 86 - 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttii]i<e, Paris, 1742, i. p. 482 ; ii. p. 46 ; iii. 
 p. 185. 
 
 Tharsander, Adept us ineptus, Berlin, 1744, p. 331. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1477. 
 
 Fictuld, Pt-obier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 91 ; 11. p. 74. 
 
HEL VETIUSHENCKEL 
 
 385 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 154. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1829, 
 Sect. ii. , Th. v. p. 250. 
 
 Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. 
 p. 1 8. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, Halle, 1832, 
 p. 421. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 336 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 327. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 169. 
 
 Lavater, Physiognomy, translated by Holcroft, 
 Lond. 1848, p. 165 where he commends Hel- 
 vetius' Physiognomonica Medicinalis. 
 
 Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 pp. 211, 281. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gtntrale, 1858, xxiii. p. 872. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-lUerarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1061. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1867, viii. p. 510. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1221-23. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p. 50 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1901, vi. p. 1008. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, Heidelberg, 1886, i. p. 83 
 sqq. 6* passim. 
 
 Berendt, Das Buck der Wunder, s.a. (1901), ii. 
 p. 709. 
 
 HELVETIUS (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 847. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, ii. p. 512. 
 
 Moehsen, Verzeichniss einer Sammlung von 
 Bildnissen beriihmter Aertze, Berlin, 1771, part 2, 
 
 P. 58. 
 
 Wiegleb, Historisch-Kntische Untersuchung der 
 Alchemie, Weimar, 1777, p. 301. (The story is 
 not worth consideration according to him. ) 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 482. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practice, 1779, 
 iii. p. 98. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 95. 
 
 Giildenfalk, Sammlung von . . . Transmutations- 
 Geschichten, 1784, p. 204. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 
 Leipzig, 1785, pp. 499, 617, 621. 
 
 Kortum verteidiget die Alchemie, Duisburg, 
 1789, p. 179. 
 
 Gmeliu, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 
 1 6, 17. 
 
 Murr, Litterarische Nachrichten zu der Ge- 
 schichte des sogenannten Goldmachens, 1803, p. 86. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litter atur, 
 1806-08, p. 158. 
 
 Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- 
 kreuzer und des Freymaurerordens, 1808, p. 80. 
 
 Barrett, Lives of the Adepts, London, 1814, p. 81. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1817, xx. p. 22 ; and 
 1857, xix. p. 84. 
 
 HELWIGIUS (CHRISTOPHERUS). 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH). 
 
 HENCKEL (JOHANN CHRISTOPH). 
 
 Einige neuentdeckte Chemisch-Physicalische Wahrheiten, denen Kennern der 
 Natur-Lehre und Arzeney-Bereitungs-Kunst zur Beurtheilung und Anwendung 
 hingegeben von D. Johann Christoph Henckel, Fiirstl. Schwarzburgl. Rath 
 und Leibmedicus zu Arnstadt. Leipzig, bey Christian Gottlob Hilscher, 
 1769. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 80. 
 
 HENCKEL (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Pyritologia : or, a History of the Pyrites, the Principal Body in the Mineral 
 Kingdom. In which are considered its Names, Species, Beds and Origin; 
 its Iron, Copper, unmetallic Earth, Sulphur, Arsenic, Silver, Gold, original 
 Particles, Vitriol, and Use in smelting. The whole compiled from a Collection 
 of Samples ; from visiting Mines ; from an intercourse and Correspondence 
 with Naturalists and Miners ; but chiefly from a course of Chymical 
 Enquiries. With a Preface, containing an Account of the Advantages 
 arising from Mine-works in general, and particular from those of Saxony. 
 Translated from the German of J. F. Henckel, late chief Director of 
 the Mines at Friberg in Saxony. London : Printed for A. Millar, in the 
 Strand; And A. Linde, in Catharine-Street, in the Strand. M.DCC.LVII. 
 8. Pp. [i.-vii] viii.-xv., [i blank, 2] 376 [6]. Frontispiece. 
 
 Pyritologia : oder : Kiefs-Historie, als des vornehmsten Minerals, nach dessen 
 Nahmen, Arten, Lagerstatten, Ursprung, Eisen, Kupffer, unmetallischer 
 
 2B 
 
36 HENCKEL 
 
 HENCKEL (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Erde, Schwefel, Arsenic, Silber, Gold, einfachen Theilgen, Vitriol und 
 Schmeltz-Nutzung, aus vieler Sammlung, Gruben-Befahrung, Umgang und 
 Brief- Wechsel mit Natur- und Berg-Verstandigen, vornehmlich aus Chymischer 
 Untersuchung, mit Physicalisch-Chymischen Entdeckungen, nebst lebhaften 
 und nothigen Kupffern, wie auch einer Vorrede vom Nutzen des Bergwercks, 
 insonderheit des Chur-Sachsischen, gefertiget von D. Johann Friedrich 
 Henckel, Konigl. Poln. und Churfiirstl. Sachs. Land- Berg- und Stadt- 
 Physico in Freyberg. Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Christian Martini, Buchh. 
 in der Nicolai-Strafse, 1725. 
 
 8. Pp. [44] 1008. Register [32]. Frontispiece and 12 Plates. Title red and black. 
 
 D. Johann Friedrich Henkels, Kon. Pohl. und Churfl. Sachs. Berg-Raths 
 Kleine Minerologische (sic] und Chymische Schrifften, auf Gutbefinden des 
 Herrn Autoris, nebst einer Vorrede von den Bergwercks-Wifsenschafften zu 
 Vermehrung der Cammeral-Nutzungen, und mit Anmerckungen herausgegeben 
 von Carl Friedrich Zimmermann. Drefsden und Leipzig, bey Friedrich 
 Hekel, 1744. 
 
 8. Pp. [48] 619 [44, i blank]. Folding plate. 
 Other editions quoted are : 1747 ; Wien, 1769. 
 
 Mineralogische, Chemische und Alchymistische Briefe von reisenden und 
 andern Gelehrten an den ehemaligen Chursachsischen Bergrath J. F. 
 Henkel. Erster Theil. Dresden, 1794. In der Waltherischen Hofbuch- 
 handlung. 
 
 8. Pp. 397. Inhalt [6] [i blank]. Zweyter Theil, 1794, pp. 384. Innhalt [7] 
 [i blank]. Dritter Theil, 1795, pp. 291. Inhalt [9] [4 blank]. 
 
 One of his correspondents is M. Gottheil, which interesting matter relating to the history of miner- 
 is a pseudonym for Klefecker. The letters contain alogy and chemistry at that time. 
 
 P. M. von Respurs besondere Versuche vom Mineral-Geist . . . mit Anmerk- 
 ungen erst herausgegeben von Johann Friedrich Henkeln. 1772. 
 See RESPUR (P. M. VON). 
 
 Henckelius in Mineralogia Redivivus. 
 See STEPHANI (JOHANN EMANUEL), 1759. 
 
 Henckel, or Henkel, was born at Merseburg, enumerated by the authorities. He died at Frei- 
 
 ii Augt., 1679, took the degree of M.D. and berg, 27 January, 1744. He is not to be confused 
 
 practised at Freiberg (Erzgebirge), and became with a Berlin surgeon, Joachim Friedrich Henkel 
 
 mining councillor there. He was elected a mem- (Haller, Bibl. Anat., 1777, ii. pp. 314, 779; Bibl. 
 
 ber of the Leopoldine Academy, 28 Oct., 1728. Chir., 1775, ii. 260). 
 Several works were written by him which are 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. Haller, Bibliothcca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 150. 
 
 248-261. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 68. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicor.um, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 330, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 662 (reviews from the Acta 475 (Pyritologia, Flora Saturnizans), 590-2, 697, 
 
 Lipsiensia, 1723, p. 408 ; 1726, p. 270). 706, 779 (Bethesda portuosa), 789 (baths) ; 1799, 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromvs Bibliotheca metallic^, iii. 9 (beer), 67 (mineralogy). 
 
 edited by Bruckmann, 1732, p. 68. Reuss, Repertorium Commentationum, 1803, iii. 
 
 Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1750, ii. (Chemia ct Res Metallica], pp. 105, 112, 186. 
 
 col. 1486. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures C-uriosorum 1806-08, pp. 240, 245, 247, 262, 270, 277 (against 
 
 Historia, 1755, p. 499, No. 406. Respur), 281, 294. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 176 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 (celebris et ingeniosus vir). 25), v. p. 156. 
 
HENCKELHENSING 
 
 387 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gtnlrale, 1858, xxiii. col. 
 936. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literansches Hand- 
 ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1065. 
 
 LsLdra.gue,Bi!>liotAtyue Ouvarq/, Sciences Secrites, 
 1870, Nos. 1085, 1372, 1373. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1880, xi. p. 760 
 (article by Giimbel). 
 
 HENCKEL (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1829, 
 Sect, ii., Th. v. p. 315 (article by Hassel). 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 596. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 371 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 363. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 154, 
 & passim. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1857, xix. p. 113 (article 
 by Bern hard). 
 
 HENNICKEN (GOTTFRIED). 
 
 See THOMSON (GEORGE), 1686. 
 
 HENSING QOHANN THOMAS). 
 
 Ignem esse Elaterem Naturae Vniversalem Asserit, atque ad Experimenta 
 Curiosa, Exercitii Chemici Fructus, quae publice demonstrabit, videnda, 
 Gives Academicos Florentissimos, ea, qua decet, Humanitate invitat Jo. 
 Thomas Hensing, Med. D. et P. P. Extraord. Giessae, Impensis Eberhardi 
 Henrici Lammers, Anno M DCC XXI. 
 
 4. Pp. 1-16. 
 
 Admiranda Generationis Rerum Naturalium Exponit, atque Bonarum Artium 
 Fautores et Cultores ut Phaenomena Naturae Operum Artis Chemicae Lahore 
 illustrata inspiciant adhortatur lo. Thomas Hensing, Med. D. et P. P. Extraord. 
 Giessae, Impensis Eberhardi Henrici Lammers, Anno M DCC XIX. 
 
 Pp. 17-32. 
 
 Aurea Naturae Catena. 
 
 Pp. 33-48. 
 
 Ad Exequiarum Laidis, non Graeciae, sed Magni Orbis h. e. Alchymiae, 
 quae Filia Natu Maior Chemiae, habetur, Solennia Spectanda future 
 die Octobris publice Chemicas facturus Demonstrationes Academiae 
 Patres, Patronos atque Gives Excellentiss. Inclytos, Crnatiss. officiose et 
 peramanter invitat D. lo. Thomas Hensing P. P. Giessae, Typis Vid. 
 lo. Reinh. VVlpii, Acad. Typogr. cioioccxxiv. 
 
 4. Pp. 16. 
 
 Discurs von dem Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See WELLING (GEORG VON), Opus Mago-Cabbalisticum et Theosophicum, 1735, 
 
 P- 517. 
 
 Hensing's name was Johann Thomas, not Theo- 
 philus (Portal) or Theodor (Schmieder). He was 
 born at Frankfurt a. M., 30 Augt., 1683. His 
 taste at first lay towards theology, and to study it 
 and philosophy he proceeded to Leipzig, but on 
 account of illness he went home, and giving up the 
 church took to medicine and surgery. He returned 
 to Leipzig and resumed his studies, and on the 
 Swedish invasion left the town and travelled by 
 Halle, Wittenberg, and Jena to Frankfurt. On 
 the journey he made the acquaintance of Hofmann, 
 Stahl, Berger, Vater, Wedel and others. His 
 attention was given specially to chemistry, ana- 
 tomy, and botany. After graduating at Giessen in 
 1709 he gave lectures there, and in 1717 was 
 appointed extraordinary professor of medicine. In 
 1723 he was promoted to the new and unusual 
 position of professor of chemistry and natural 
 philosophy. He had an experimental laboratory, 
 and great things were looked for from him, when 
 
 he caught a fever, and died 27 Augt., 1726, at 
 
 Wetzlar. 
 
 Several interesting works were written by him : 
 Dissertatio inauguralis de vitriolo, Giessae, 1709, 
 
 4. 
 
 Meditationes et experimenta circa acidulas Swal- 
 bacenses (in German), Frankfurt, 1711,8; 1728, 
 8. 
 
 Dissertatio de Germinatione metallica artificial!, 
 Giessae, 1718, 4. 
 
 Dissertatio sistens cerebri examen Chemicum ex 
 eodemque phosphorus singularis omnia inflamma- 
 bilia accendens, Giessae, 1719, 4. 
 
 Dissertatio de vitriolo, an sit materia lapidis 
 philosophic!? Giessae, 1725, 4 (a continuation 
 of the inaugural one). 
 
 Dissertatio de tinctura martis volatili. 
 
 Von der Alchemic, worinnen er jeden, warnet 
 sich dafur hiiten, 4. 
 
3 88 
 
 HENSINGHERMAPHRODITISCHES 
 
 HENSING (JOHANN THOMAS). Continued. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 786. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 161. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 517. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1071. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 592. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte alter Zeiten nnd } r olker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 162. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 723. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca: metallicee, 
 1732, p. 69. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexikon, 1750, 
 ii. col. 1514. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de F Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. p. 545. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 136. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen 
 Gelehrten itnd Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1785, v. 
 p. 458. 
 
 HEPTAS Alchymica. 
 
 See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS). 
 
 HERCKMANN (FRANCISCUS). 
 
 Buch aller Geheimnusse aller Philosophorum, welche jemahls von unserm 
 Steine geschrieben. 
 See HELLWIG (CHRISTOPH VON), Fasciculus, 1719, p. 30. 
 
 HERLICIUS (DAVID). 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ. 
 
 The author is called Herlich and Herlichius, 
 Herliz and Herlizius. He was born at Zeitz in 
 Misnia, 28 Dec., 1557. Being in poor circum- 
 stances he kept himself by poetry and music, while 
 a student at Leipzig, Wittenberg and Rostock. 
 He took the degree of Philosophic Magister, and 
 in 1581 was appointed Conrector at Gustrow by 
 the Duke of Mecklenburg, after which he was 
 'Physicus' at Prenzlow and Anklam. In 1584 
 he published almanacs with predictions, which had 
 a great sale and were translated into other 
 European languages. In 1585 he was made pro- 
 
 Witte, Memories Medicomm nostri seculi claris- 
 simorum renovates Decas prima, 1676, p. 73 (re- 
 print of his life by Laurentius Eichstadius). 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1366, portrait, plate 63. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, 15 Aug., 
 1636, Sig. Kki verso (mentions this book as the 
 ' Rosetum Hermeticum '). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 283. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionnaire historique et critique, 1730, 
 ii. p. 752. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicprum, 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 668-773 (reprint of his life by 
 Laurentius Eichstadius). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 393- 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. pp. 324-327. 
 
 Freytag, Analecta litteraria, 1750, i. p. 442. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1533. 
 
 fessor of mathematics at Greifswald, and at a later 
 date, in 1598, was created M.D. and 'Physicus' at 
 Stargard, went to Liibeck in a similar capacity, 
 but returned to Stargard, where he suffered the 
 loss of his whole library by fire. He died 15 
 August, 1636. 
 
 He was a voluminous author writing on poetry, 
 mathematics, medicine, astronomical and meteoro- 
 logical prodigies, and on curious out of the way 
 topics. He believed in astrology and in alchemy, 
 but on the latter subject wrote only the work now 
 referred to. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 354. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de F Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, ii. p. 358. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 237 (quotes the medical writings only, not fhe 
 ' Rosenkrantz'). 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der Menschlichtn Narrheit, 
 1787, iv. p. 323. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 619. 
 
 Biographie MMicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 166. 
 
 Kosegarten, Geschichte der Universitdt Greifs- 
 wald, 1857, i. p. 223. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1880, xii. p. 
 118 (his portrait is at Greifswald University). 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 342. 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme Srie, 1888, xiii. p. 609. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITISCHE (Das) Sonn- und Monds-Kind. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, ii- P- 3 01 - 
 
 HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind, das ist: Des Sohns deren 
 Philosophen natiirlich- iibernatiirliche Gebahrung, Zerstohrung und Regeneri- 
 rung oder vorgestellte Theorie und Practic den Stein der Weifsen zu 
 suchen und zu machen. Durch einen unbekannten Philosophum und 
 
HERMAPHRODITISCHES HERMES 389 
 
 HERMAPHRODITISCHES Sonn- und Monds-Kind. Continued. 
 
 Adeptum in 12. emblematischen Figuren und so vielen Paragraphis. Mit 
 Applicir- und Beyfiigung so vieler Canonische,n Versen des beriihmten Schwe- 
 dischen Adepti Northons : aus einem alten manuscript gezognener praesentiret. 
 Nun aber nach dem mystichen Verstand und innerem Weesen expliciret, 
 nebst denen Caballistischen Zeichen Salomonis durch einen Lehr-Jiinger 
 der Natur. L. C. S. Mayntz, bey Job. Friederich Krebs Buchhandler 
 Gedruckt in der Churf. Hof- und Univers. Buchdruckerey bey denen 
 Haffn. Erben, durch Elias Peter Bayer, 1752. 
 
 8. Pp. 70. Frontispiece, 12 emblematical figures and one plate of cabalistic 
 symbols. 
 
 The Swedish adept Northon here mentioned is J. F. Hautnorthon. 
 
 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. 
 
 II Pimandro di Mercuric Trimegisto, tradotto da Tommaso Benci in linga 
 Fiorentina. In Firenze 1549. Con priuilegio di Papa Paolo III. & 
 Carlo V. Imp. & del Duca di Fiorenza. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 119 [i blank ; Tavola, 7, i blank]. 
 
 The ' Poemandres,' a philosophico-religious See Louis Me'nard, Hermes Trismegiste, tra- 
 
 treatise of the second century A. D. or thereby, duction complete prc'ce'dfa tfune ttude sur I'origine 
 
 has nothing to do with chemistry or alchemy, des livres HermMques, Paris, 1866, 8. 
 
 and it is a question for critical discussion whether John David Chambers, The theological and 
 
 or not this Hermes is really identical with the philosophical works of Hermes Trismegistus 
 
 author of the Smaragdine fable. Round the Christian Neoplatonist, Translated from the original 
 
 above book and other writings which accompany Greek, with preface, notes, and indices, Edinburgh, 
 
 it there has grown up a bulky literature which, 1882, 8. For the older literature consult Fabri- 
 
 though it lies rather outside the scope of the cius and Brucker. 
 
 present work, cannot be passed over in a review of The English translation was made by Dr. 
 
 the whole subject. Everard and published at London, 1650, 1657, 
 
 edited by John French (q.v.). 
 
 Hermetis Trismegisti Erkantnufs der Natur und des darin sich offenbahrenden 
 Grossen Gottes, begriffen in 17 unterschiedlichen Biichern, nach Grichischen 
 (sic) und Lateinischen Exemplare in die Hochteutsche Sprache ubersetzet, 
 nebenst vorgesetzter sattsahmer Nachricht und Beweifs von der Person und 
 Genealogie Hermetis, dessen Medicin, Chemie, Natur und Gottes-Griinde, 
 mit unterlauffenden vielen der Egyptier Weifsheit, und unterschiedlichen 
 anderen Curiosa beriihrende Passagen. Verfertiget von Alethophilo. 
 Hamburg, In Verlegung Samuel Heyls und Gottfried Liebezeits, Buch- 
 handlern in St. Johannis Kirchen. 1706. 
 
 8. Pp. [72, Frontispiece included] 142. Title red and black. 
 
 The introduction contains an elaborate account of the ' person and genealogy of 
 Hermes,' based mainly on Borrichius' researches, and includes (Sig. d3 verso) a 
 translation of the ' Tabula Smaragdina,' The rest of the book consists of a translation 
 of the ' Pomander,' ' Asclepius,' and the writings to ' Tatius ' and ' Ammon.' None of 
 the other alchemical writings are included. 
 
 Hermetis Trismegisti Einleitung in's hochste Wissen : von Erkenntnifs der 
 Natur und des darin sich offenbarenden grofsen Gottes. Begriffen in 
 siebenzehn Biichern, nach griechischen und lateinischen Exemplaren in's 
 Deutsche iibersetzt, nebst Nachricht von der Person des Hermetis, dessen 
 Medicin, Chemie, Natur und Gottes-griinde ; mit der Egyptier wundervoller 
 
390 HERMES 
 
 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. Continued. 
 
 Weisheit und Enthiillung der Geheimnisse der Smaragdinischen und Bem- 
 binischen Tafel. Verfertiget von Alethophilo, 1786. Stuttgart, 1855. 
 Verlag von J. Scheible. 
 
 16. Pp. 230. 231-256 advertisements of theosophic and occult books. 
 
 This is the first volume of J. Scheible's senschaften, ..." It is a reprint, biographical 
 " Kleiner Wunder-Schauplatz der geheimen Wis- introduction and all, of the above edition of 1706. 
 
 Verba Hermetis in Pimandro. 
 
 See OCCULTA PHILOSOPHIA, 1613, p. 49. 
 
 Hermetis Trismegisti Tractatus vere aureus, de Lapidis Philosophici secreto, 
 in capitula septem divisus : nunc verb a quodam Anonymo, scholijs tarn 
 exquisite & acute illustratus, ut qui ex hoc libro non sapiat, ex alio vix 
 sapere poterit, similis enim huic vix hodie reperitur. Tandem opera & 
 studio Dominici Gnosij Belgae, utr. M. D. in lucem editus. 
 
 Qui, quid novit, loquitur, index lustitiae est : Qui autem mentitur, testis 
 
 est fraudulentus. Pro. 12. 
 1610. Lipsiae, Sumptibus Thomse Schureri. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 276 [for 277] [2, i blank]. Device with the motto : Pax lusti Honor Pietatis. 
 Colophon : Lipsise, [device] Valentinus am Ende imprimebat. Anno M.DC.X. 
 
 Of Gnosius' work Schmieder quotes an edition : is no reference to an edition of 1600, but only to 
 Lips., 1600, 8, and Kopp, besides this of 1610, this of 1610 (p. 593). 
 mentions one dated 1700. In the Beytrag there 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Interleaved, with MS. notes. 
 
 Tractatus aureus de Lapidis Physici Secreto in Cap. 7. divisus; Nunc verb 
 a quodam Anonymo Scholiis illustratus (cum epistola dedicatoria et prae- 
 fatione). 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 587. 
 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 400. 
 
 The Golden Work. 
 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 179. 
 
 Gulden Tractatlein von der Composition des Steins der Weisen, in sieben 
 Capitel abgetheilet. 
 
 See ALCHYMISTISCHES Sieben-Gestirn, 1675, P- J - 
 See ALCHYMISTISCHES Sieben-Gestirn, 1772, p. 9. 
 
 Giildener Tractat von Zusammensetzung des Steins der Weisen. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 311. 
 
 Septem Tractatus, seu Capitula. 
 See ARS CHEMICA, 1566, p. 7. 
 
 Les Sept Chapitres. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (J. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, i. 
 p. 1 6. 
 
HERMES 39 i 
 
 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. Continued. 
 Sept Traictez ou chapitres dorez. 
 
 See JOLY (GABRIEL), Trois Anciens Traictez de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1626, 
 p. i. 
 
 Seven Golden Chapters. 
 
 See LIVES of Alchemystical Philosophers, 1815, p. 366. 
 
 This is different from Salmon's version given above, and both are different from that given by South 
 in .-/ Suggestive Imjuiry. 
 
 Traicte de 1'Ouvrage Secret de la Philosophic d'Hermez. 
 
 See ESPAGNET (JEAN D'), La Philosophic Naturelle restablie en sa purete, 1651, 
 
 p. 248. 
 Des Hermes Trismegists wahrer alter Naturweg, 1782. 
 
 See H. (j. c). 
 Liber Apocalypseos. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Pandora, 1608, p. i. 
 The Emerald Table. 
 
 See LIVES of Alchemystical Philosophers, 1815, p. 383. 
 
 Besides Salmon's version given below, others by H. P., 1652, Sig. A4 verso, and in South's 
 will be found in The Mirror of Alchimy, 1597, Suggestive Inquiry, 1850, p. 7. 
 p. 16, in Five Treatises of the Philosopher s Stone, 
 
 La Table d'Emeraude avec le Commentaire de 1'Hortulain. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, i. 
 p. i. 
 
 La Table d'Esmeraude d'Hermes Trismegiste, pere des Philosophes. 
 
 See JOLY (GABRIEL), Trois Anciens Traictez de la Philosophic Naturelle, 1626, 
 
 p. 2. 
 
 See RESPOUR, Rares Experiences, 1686, livre iii. pp. 38-42 ; 1777, pp. 146-148. 
 See RESPOUR, Besondere Versuche, 1772, pp. 263-265, and 280-284. 
 
 Schmaragt Tafel. 
 
 See OCCULTA PHILOSOPHIA, 1613, p. 50. 
 Die Smaragden Tafel. 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1659, pp. 52, 79- 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1682, pp. 52, 79. 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) PHILOSOPHUS, 1709, p. 1 68. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. 
 p. 504. 
 
 Die Smaragdene Taffel, von der Chimie. 
 
 See WEDEL (GEORG WOLFFGANG), Verniinfftige Gedancken vom Gold-Machen, 
 
 1734, P- 98. 
 See ANNULUS PLATONIS, 1781, p. xviii. 
 
 Smaragdina Tabula. 
 
 See DORN (GERARD), Trevisanus de Chymico Miraculo, 1600, p. 4. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, De Alchemia Liber, in THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 
 
 1659, i. p. 685. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Liber de Secretissimo Philosophorum Opere 
 Chemico, in MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 389. 
 
392 HERMES 
 
 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. Continued. 
 The Smaragdine Table. 
 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 258. 
 
 Smaragdtafel (Die). 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 57. 
 
 Tabula Schmaragdina. 
 
 See TRISSMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, Tractatus iii. (1598), p. 238. 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchemiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 413. 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1659, pp. 52, 79. 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1 682, pp. 52, 79. 
 
 See [SCHATZ und Kunst-kammer], p. 413. 
 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen, (1708), p. 335. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Philosophus, 1709, p. 168. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Von der Hermetischenn Philosophia . . . Ein 
 
 Buch, 1582, Cv -verso. 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Bericht von der Hermetischenn Philosophia, in 
 
 ELUCIDATIO Secretorum, 1602, p. 200. 
 
 See ALBINEUS (NATHAN), Bibliotheca Chemica Contracta, 1653, sig. 16 verso. 
 See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH), Teutschlands Wohlfahrt, Fimffter Theil, 
 
 Amsterdam, 1660, p. 19. 
 
 See GLAUBER (JOHANN RUDOLPH), Teutschlandts Wohlfahrt, Prag, 1704, p. 649. 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Drei Biicher von der Hermetischen Philosophic, 
 
 in DER HERMETISCHE PHILOSOPHUS, 1709, p. 213. 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD DE), Aurei Velleris Supplementum, 1733, p. 24. 
 
 See KLEFECKER (JOHANN), Das Fundament der Lehre vom Stein der Weisen, 
 
 1736, p. 28. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS, Chymische Schrifften, 1746, p. 6 ; 1747, p. 6. 
 See VERNUNFTIGE Erklarung der Smaragdenen Tafel des Hermes, 1760. 
 See HORTULANUS, Commentariolus in Tabulam Smaragdinam. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina de Alchemia. 
 See ALCHEMIA, 1541, p. 363. 
 See WEDEL (GEORG WOLFGANG), Introductio in Alchimiam, 1706, p. 59. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina, cum expositionibus Gerardi Dorn. 
 
 See DORN (GERHARD), De Naturae Luce physica . . . Tractatus, 1583, p. 82. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 362. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina Hermetis, Die Wort der Geheimniifs des Hermetis. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. 
 
 P- 531- 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina, inter manus eius inuenta in obscuro antro, in quo humatum 
 corpus eius repertum est. 
 See MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTIST A), Palladis Chymicie Arcana detecta, 1678, 
 
 Pars ii. p. 3 (cum commentario). 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina, in ipsius sepulchre inventa, cum commento Hortulani 
 philosophi. 
 
 See ARS CHEMICA, 1566, p. 32. 
 

 HERMES 
 
 393 
 
 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. Continued. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina cui titulus Verba Secretorum Hermetis Trismegisti, W. 
 Chr. Kriegsmanni et Gerardi Dornei commentariis illustrata. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 380. 
 Tabula Smaragdina seu Verba Secretorum Hermetis. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, VI. p. 715. 
 
 Tabula Hermetis. 
 
 See ELIAS, Elias Artista mit dem Stein der Weisen, 1770, p. 143. ' 
 
 The first edition of the ' Tabula Smaragdina' is 
 that contained in the volume De Alchemia, Norim- 
 berg. 1541. It was known, however, three hundred 
 years before that date, and if Hortulanus, who 
 wrote the 'Commentary' on it, flourished, as has 
 been said, in the tenth century, that would carry it 
 back another three hundred years. 
 
 When it is considered that alchemy was known 
 all along as the Hermetic Art, it is not surprising 
 that a writing which with such a show of probability 
 could be considered of ancient origin, which bore 
 Hermes' name, and the meaning of which was 
 esoteric, would be cherished and revered by the 
 alchemists. The Tabula Smaragdina had all these 
 qualifications. It is certainly not modern, it has 
 been assigned to Hermes from the first, and its 
 significance does not lie on the surface. The man 
 that runs cannot read it, nor, for that matter, the 
 man who sits. It is as profound a mystery, as 
 great a puzzle as ' Aelia Laelia Crispis ' itself. 
 
 But, in fact, everything concerning it remains a 
 problem : its legendary and romantic discovery ; 
 the original language, for it is known in Latin 
 only ; its author, whether one of the several per- 
 sonages of the name of Hermes, or an anonymous 
 
 Wolfgang Jobst (Justus), Chronologia . . . 
 omnium illustrium medicorum, Francof. a. V., 
 1556, p. 10. 
 
 Nazari, Delia Tramutatione Metallica, Sogni 
 Tre, 1599, p. 139. 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurea Menses, 1617, p. 5 (inter- 
 pretations of the Smaragdine Table). 
 
 Cluverius, Germanics Antiques Libri Tres, 1631, 
 p. 182. (Lib. i, c. 26, presumed derivation of the 
 German people from Theuth, or Thoth.) 
 
 Conring, De Hermetica dB.gyptiorum -vetere et 
 Paracelsicorum Nova Medicina, Helmestadii, 1648, 
 
 4- 
 
 Kircher, Oedipus Aegyptiacus, 1653. II. ii. pp. 
 346-386. (' Medicina hieroglyphica,' which may 
 be considered Hermetic) ; pp. 387-434 (Alchimia 
 hieroglyphica,' which refers to Hermes through- 
 out) ; p. 428 ('Tabula Smaragdina' its doubtful 
 history and whether it is by Hermes or not). 
 
 Casaubon, De rebus sacris et ecclesiasticis exerci- 
 tationes X VI. ad Cardinalis Baronii Prolegomena 
 in A finales, 1654, pp. 66-80. (Exercit. i. Sect. 10, 
 discusses the question generally. ) 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 115. 
 
 Joh. H. Hottinger, Dissertationum Miscellan- 
 earum Pentas, 1654, pp. 54-67. (Diss. ii. Elenchus 
 scriptorum ecclesiasticorum supposititiorum, con- 
 tains nothing about the chemical books). 
 
 Dickinson, Delphi Phoenicizantes, 1655, p. 122. 
 
 Georg Horn, Histories Philosophies libri septem, 
 1655, pp. 122, 123, 317, etc. 
 
 Kriegsmann, Hermetis Trismegisti . . . Tabula 
 Smaragdina a situ temerarijsq; . . . vindicata, 1657. 
 
 J. H. Ursinus, De Zoroastre . . . Her mete Tris- 
 megisto, Sanchoniathone . . . eorumque scriptis . . , 
 exercitationes, Norimbergae, 1661. 
 
 writer who ascribed it to him to give it authority ; 
 its possible connection with so-called Hermetic 
 writings of an earlier time ; the subject with which 
 it deals. 
 
 The student of the history of chemistry cannot 
 well ignore it, less perhaps now than ever, since 
 the discovery of Egyptian writings, and especially 
 of the medical papyrus by Ebers, which he calls a 
 Hermetic treatise of 1550 B.C. (a date coinciding 
 with that assigned to Hermes by Lambeck), has 
 given a different aspect to the controversy between 
 Conring and Borrichius, and has put the existence 
 of Hermes on a new foundation. Other researches 
 also have shown that the belief in a person or 
 persons of the name of Hermes has been so wide 
 spread and persistent that the whole Hermes- 
 legend forms a legitimate subject of inquiry as to 
 its origin and the probability of its being correct. 
 One can hardly settle it as summarily as was done 
 by von Murr : was man von Hermes Trismegist 
 liest, sind blosse Mahrchen, and on the other hand 
 the most that can be hoped for is that future dis- 
 coveries may lead to at least a plausible theory, if 
 not to perfect certainty regarding its origin. 
 
 Borrichius, De Ortu et Progressu Chemicz dis- 
 sertatio, Hafniae, 1668, p. 50, sqq. 
 
 Conring, De Hermetica Medicina libri duo. 
 Editio secunda, Helmestadii, 1669, 4. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum transmutations ad . . . 
 Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 102. 
 
 Borrichius, Hermetis, ALgyptiorum, et Chemi- 
 corum Sapientia ab Hermanni Conringii Animad- 
 versionibus vindicata, Hafniae, 1674, 4 . 
 
 Pet. Dan. Huetius, Demonstratio evangelica, 
 1679, pp. 57, 60 (Propositio iv. capp. 3 and 4, 
 identification with Moses). 
 
 Kriegsmann, Conjectaneorum de Germanicee 
 Gentis Origine, ac Conditore, Hermete Trismegisto, 
 . . . Liber Unus, Tubingse, 1684, pp. [8] 64, 4. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 
 1697. P- i. 
 
 Moller, Homonymo-Scopia Historico-Philologico- 
 Critica, Hamb., 1697, p. 255 (and references). 
 
 Keren Happuch, , . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 46. 
 
 Henr. Adolph. de Weltering, Dissertatio . . . 
 sistens Hermetem Trismegistum intra Sindonem 
 cognoscendum, & per Tabulam Smaragdinam 
 Natures et Artis Pandoram mundo porrigentem, 
 Kilonii, 1707, pp. 64, 4. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grezca, 1708, i. pp. 46-85 (p. 
 46 Poemander, etc. ; cap. x. p. 66 chemical writings). 
 
 Lambecius, Prodromus Histories literariee, 1710, 
 pp. 134-143. (Lib. II. cap. i, 6, catalogues of the 
 works, discussions on their authenticity, references 
 to authorities). 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authorum, 
 1710, p. i (he considers the works spurious). 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1714, ii. pp. 167-170. 
 
394 
 
 HERMES-HERME TICAL 
 
 HERMES TRISMEGISTUS. Continued. 
 
 Goeli eke, Historia Medicina Un iver salts, Francof. 
 ad Viadrum, 1721, i. pp. 136-148. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, pp. 
 275-283. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Histoire der Gelahrheit, 
 
 1727, P- 345- 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, II. ii. p. 398 (under Trismegistus). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 393- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 9, 459 ; iii. pp. 186, 187, 
 6" passim. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelekrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1544. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 93; Th. 
 ii. p. 75. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophic, 1767, i. 
 ed. sec., pp. 252-264; vi. pp. 109-117. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1776, 
 i. p. ii (expresses doubt about the traditions). 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 504 (Hermes, Thot.), p. 505 (Hermes 
 Trismegistus). 
 
 Bergman, Dissertatio gradualis de Primordiis 
 Chemia, 1779, p. 9. 
 
 Baumer, Btbliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 74. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der h'6hern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 88, 95 (the 'Table'), 593, 609, 618. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, ed. liarles, 1790, 
 i. pp. 46-94 (chemical writings, p. 75). 
 
 Wiegleb, Geschichte des Wachsthums und der 
 Erfindungen in der Chemie in der dltesten und 
 mittlern Zeit, 1792, pp. 19, 20, 25, 26 (translated 
 from Bergmann). 
 
 Christ. Gottl. von Murr, Litterarische Nach- 
 richten zu der Geschichte des sogenannten Gold- 
 machens, 1805, Vorrede. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08 pp. 4-7. 
 
 Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. 
 p. 9. 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 
 24-37. 
 
 Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literdr- 
 geschichte, 1837, I. i. pp. 296, 492, 497. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. pp. 30, 
 244-49 ; 1866, i. pp. 34, 249-254. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 145- 
 148. 
 
 A Suggestive Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery, 
 
 London, 1850, 8. (This book is said to be by Dr. 
 
 % William (?) South, and as it was suppressed, it has 
 
 become rare. It contains pp. 99-132 a translation 
 
 of the Golden Treatise of Hermes. ) 
 
 Figuier, LAlchimie et les Alchimlstes, 1856, pp. 
 4, 6, 40, 56. 
 
 D. Chwolsohn, Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus, 
 St. Petersburg, 1856, i. pp. 783-795 & passim. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, 
 
 PP- 3 6 7-384- 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 177, 636-646. 
 
 Franck, Dictionnaire des Sciences philosophiquss, 
 
 1875, p. 708 (chiefly on the philosophical works). 
 Papyros Ebers. Das Hermetische Buch iiber die 
 
 Arzeneimittel der alien Agypter in Hieratische 
 Schrift, Leipzig, 1875, 2 vols. , 4. 
 ..Richard Pietschmann, Hermes Trismegistosnach 
 Agyptischen, Griechischen und Orienlalischen 
 Uberlieferunven dargestellt, Leipzig, 1875, pp. [4] 
 
 58 [2]. 
 
 F. Chabas, Notice du Papyrus Mddicale. Ebers, 
 
 1876, pp. 18, 4 (from the journal U Egyptologie}. 
 Berthelot, Les Origines de I'Alchimie, 1885, p. 
 
 37, sqq. & passim. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 4, 209, 218 
 (Tabula Smaragdina) ; ii. 34, 340, 359, 365. 
 
 H. Joachim, Papyros Ebers. Das dlteste Buch 
 Uber Heilkunde, aus dem Aegyptischen zum ersten- 
 malvollstdndig iibersetzt, Berlin, 1890, 8. 
 
 HERMETIC^ Philosophic Studiosis [Epistola]. 
 See CHYMISCHES Lust-Gartlein, 1747, p. 17. 
 
 HERMETICAL (The) Triumph : or, The Victorious Philosophical Stone. A 
 Treatise more compleat and more intelligible than any has been yet, 
 concerning The Hermetical Magistery. Translated from the French. To 
 which is added, The Ancient War of the Knights. Translated from the 
 German Original. As Also, Some Annotations upon the most material 
 Points, where the two Translations differ. Done from a German Edition. 
 London, Printed ; and Sold by P. Hanet, at the Sign of the Black-Spread- 
 Eagle, near Somerset-House in the Strand. 1723. 
 
 8. Pp. xvi., Symbolic frontispiece included, 147. [i] 39. [i]. This volume contains : 
 
 The Ancient War of the Knights . . . now from 
 the French render'd into English, p. i. 
 
 A Discourse between Eudoxu and Pyrophilus 
 upon the Ancient War of the Knights, p. 26. 
 
 A Letter to the true Disciples of Hermes con- 
 taining six principal Keys to the Secret Philosophy. 
 (Signed Dives sicut Ardens S * * *), p. 116. 
 
 HERMETICAL (The) Triumph. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph. 
 See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique. 
 See URALTER Ritter Krieg. 
 
 The Antient War of the Knights. . . . Trans- 
 lated from the German original, p. i. 
 
 Annotations upon the most material passages, 
 where the French translation of The Ancient War 
 of the Knights, differs from the German original. 
 From a German edition, p. 21. 
 
HERMETISCHE 395 
 
 HERMETISCHE Arzenei. 
 
 See SEMLER (JOHANN SALOMON), Von achter hermetischer Arzenei, 1786. 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Die) Gesellschaft. 
 
 Hermetisches Journal. Zur endlichen Beruhigung fur Zweifler und Sucher, 
 von der hermetischen Gesellschaft. 
 
 Wahrheit ist nicht die Tochter des Ansehens sondern der Zeit. 
 Erster Band. Erstes Stuck. Camburg an der Saale, bei Hofmann und 
 
 Kompagnie ; 1801. 
 
 8. Pp. 122 [2]. Wants pp. 113-120. 
 
 The ' Hermetic Society ' consisted apparently of two members only : Kortum and 
 Bahrens. References to the literature referring to it are given under Kortum. 
 
 HERMETISCHE Kunst. 
 
 See RECHTE (Der) WEG zu der Hermetischen Kunst, 1773. 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Der) Nord Stern. 
 See F. (j. J.), 1771. 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Der) Philosophus, oder Haupt-Schliissel, derer zu der 
 Chymie gehorigen Materien, Ursprung, und Herkommen aller Metallen und 
 Mineralien. Das ist : Ein Weegweiser und Summarischer Bericht, wie 
 nemblich das Universale Generalissimum, gleichwie die Metallen und 
 Mineralien durch die Astra gewurcket, aufs Wasser und Erden ihren 
 Leib endlichen durch viele Jahre nehmen, und in mancherley Gestalt 
 formiret werden, per Artem inner kurtzen Zeit zu erlangen sey ; und wie 
 man folglich aller Metallen und Mineralien Eigenschafft auff das leichteste 
 erkundigen und erforschen solle. Allen fleissigen Nachforschern der Natur 
 zu gefallen an vielen Orthen dieses Buchleins klar beschrieben, und in 
 sieben Tractatlein bestehend zum Druck befordert. Franckfurt und 
 Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Gabriel Grahl, Buchhandler in Wienn, 1709. 
 
 8. Pp. [22, including frontispiece] 319. [i blank ; 4 Register]. Title red and 
 black. Frontispiece in two compartments. The volume contains seven distinct tracts. 
 
 Aureus liber de Principiis Naturae et Artis, p. i. Bernhard von der Marck und Tervis. III. 
 
 Definitio Alchymiae, p. 54. Biicher von der Hermetischen Philosophic der 
 
 Phoenix Alchymiae, p. 75. Weisen, p. 193. 
 
 Artephii, von der geheimen Kunst und Stein Tabula Smaragdina, p. 213. 
 
 der Weisen Geheimes Buch, p. 122. Alanus, Dicta, darinnen das Geheimnufs Philo- 
 
 Joannis Garlandii, seu Hortulani Compen- sophischer Art an Tag gegeben wird, p. 304. 
 
 dium Alchimiae, oder : Erklarung der Smarag. An edition of Frankfurt, 1690, 8, is quoted in 
 
 dischen Tafel Hermetis Trismegisti von der Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecte metallicce, 
 
 Chimia, p. 167. 1732, p. 70. Certain of the tracts seem to have 
 
 Die Smaragden-Tafel, p. 168. been reprinted from the Hermetischer Rosenkrant*. 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Das) Triklinium, 1792. 
 See PHILOTHEUS de Limitibus. 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph oder der Siegende Philosophische Stein, 
 Ein Tractat volliger und verstandlicher eingerichtet, als einer iemals 
 bifsher gewesen, handelnde von der Hermetischen Meisterschafft Hiebevor 
 in Frantzosischer Sprache gedruckt, zu Amsterdam bey Heinrich Wetstein, 
 Anno 1689. Nunmehro gegenwartig ins Deutsche versetzt. Leipzig und 
 Gorlitz. Bey Johann Gottlob Laurentio, 1707. 
 
 8. Pp. 224. Title red and black. Wants the frontispiece. Interleaved, with 
 MS. notes. 
 
396 HERMETISCHE HERMETISCHER 
 
 HERMETISCHE Triumph. Continued. 
 
 Uralter Ritter Krieg, p. 14. Sendschreiben an die wahren Schiiler Hermetis 
 
 L'Ancienne Guerre des Chevaliers (German and in sich haltende die vornehmsten sechs Schliissel 
 
 French on opposite pages), p. 15. der geheimen Philosophic. Aus dem Frantzosi- 
 
 Gesprache des Eudoxi und Pyrophili iiber den schen ins Teutsche versetzet, p. 195. This is 
 
 Uralten Ritter-Krieg, p. 57. signed : Dives sicut Ardens S * * * *. 
 
 Nothwendige Erinnerung des Verdeutschers See the note under URALTER RITTER-KRIEG. 
 dieses Hermetischen Triumphs an den Leser, p. 159. 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph oder der Siegende Philosophische Stein, 
 Ein Tractat volliger und verstandlicher eingerichtet, als einer jemals bifsher 
 gewesen ; handelnde von der Hermetischen Meisterschaft. Hiebevor in 
 Franzosischer Sprache gedruckt, zu Amsterdam bey Heinrich Wetstein, 
 Anno 1689. Nunmehro gegenwartig ins Deutsche versetzt. Frankfurt 
 und Leipzig, bey Johann Paul Kraufs, 1765. 
 
 8. Pp. 224. Title red and black. Frontispiece. 
 
 In French and German, on opposite pages : Sendschreiben an die wahren Schiiler Hermetis 
 
 Uralter Ritter-Krieg, p. 14. in sich haltend die vornehmsten sechs Schliissel der 
 
 L'Ancienne Guerre des Chevaliers, p. 15. geheimen Philosophise. Aus dem Franzosischen 
 
 Gesprache des Eudoxi und Pyrophili iiber den ins Teutsche iibersetzet. (Signed Dives sicut 
 
 uralten Ritter-Krieg, p. 57. Ardens S * * and interpreted Dydacus Senertus), 
 
 Nothwendige Erinnerung des Verdeutschers p. 195. 
 
 dieses Hermetischen Triumphs an den Leser, p. 
 
 159- 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Der) Triumph. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 15. 
 
 See URALTER Ritter-Krieg. 
 
 See HERMETICAL (The) Triumph. 
 
 See TRIOMPHE (Le) Hermetique. 
 
 HERMETISCHE Wahrheit. 
 
 See REINE HERMETISCHE Wahrheit. 
 
 HERMETISCHE (Die) Wissenschaft. 
 
 See GEHEIME (Die) Naturlehre der hermetischen Wissenschaft. 
 
 HERMETISCHEN (Von der) Philosophia. 
 
 See BERNHARDUS TREVISANUS. 
 
 HERMETISCHER Rosenkrantz, das ist : Vier schone, aufserlesene Chymische 
 Tractatlein, nemlich 
 
 I. Artephii defs uhralten Philosophi von der geheimen Kunst, und Stein 
 der Weisen, Geheimes Buch. 
 
 II. Johannis Garlandii seu Hortulani Angli, Compendium Alchimiag, oder 
 Erklarung der Smaragdischen Tafel Hermetis Trismegisti. 
 
 III. M. Arnoldi de Villa Nova, Erklarung iiber den Commentarium 
 Hortulani. 
 
 IV. Bernhardi Comitis Trevis. absonderlicher Tractat vom Stein der 
 Weisen. 
 
 Allen Liebhabern dieser edlen Kunst zum besten, aus dem Latein, ins 
 Teutsche gebracht, und nun erstmals in Druck gefertiget. 
 
 Difs Biichlein ist viel Geldes wehrt, wirstu es recht verstahn, 
 Die Giildin Kunst kein ander Buch dich besser lehren kan. 
 
HERMETISCHERHERMETISCHES 397 
 
 HERMETISCHER Rosenkrantz. Continued. 
 
 Gedruckt zu Hamburg, bey Michael Pfeiffern, in Verlegung Job. Naumans, 
 
 Buchh. 1659. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-6] 7-1 10 [2 blank]. 
 
 HERMETISCHER Rosenkrantz, das ist : Vier schone, aufserlesene Chymische 
 Tractatlein, nemlich : 
 
 I. Artephii des uhralten Philosophi von der geheimen Kunst, und Stein 
 der Weisen, Geheimes Buch. 
 
 II. Johannis Garladii \sic\ seu Hortulani Angli, Compendium Alchimiae, 
 oder Erklarung der Smaragdischen Tafel Hermetis Trismegisti. 
 
 III. M. Arnoldi de Villanova, Erklarung uber den Commentarium 
 Hortulani. 
 
 IV. Bernhardi Comitis Trevis absonderlicher Tractat vom Stein der 
 Weisen. 
 
 Allen Liebhabern der edlen Kunst zum besten, aus dem Latein, ins 
 Teutsche gebracht, und nun zum andern mahl zum Druck befodert. 
 Difs Biichlein ist viel Geldes wehrt, wirstu es recht verstahn, 
 Die Gulden Kunst kein ander Buch dich besser lehren kan. 
 Gedruckt zu Hamburg, bey Michael Pfeiffern, In Verlegung Joh Naumans, 
 Buchh. 1682. 
 
 8. Pp. [i-6]-7-no [2 blank, torn out]. 
 
 This collection was made by David Herlicius (q.v.). There was a later edition, Frankfurt a. M., 
 1747- 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliothequc Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 p. 634. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1550, 1551. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 619. Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 342. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrage zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, 
 ii. p. 378, note 33. 
 
 HERMETISCHES A. B. C. derer achten Weisen alter und neuer Zeiten vom 
 Stein der Weisen. Ausgegeben von einem wahren Gott- und Menschen- 
 freunde. Erster Theil. Berlin, 1778, bey Christian Ulrich Ringmacher 
 
 in Commission. 
 
 Erster Theil. 8. Pp. [2] [8] [1-6] 7-318. 
 Zweiter Theil, Berlin, 1779. 8. Pp. [2] 348. [2 blank]. 
 Dritter Theil, Berlin, 1779. 8. Pp. [2] 299. [i. 2 blank]. 
 Vierter und letzter Theil, Berlin, 1779. 8. Pp. 325. [3]. 
 
 There was afterwards prefixed an extra title page : 
 
 A. B. C. vom Stein der Weisen. Erster [Zweiter, Dritter, Vierter und letzter] 
 Theil. Mit Churfiirstl. Sachsisch. gnadigster Freiheit. Berlin, 1778 [1779], bey Christian 
 Ulrich Ringmacher. 
 
 The book consists of extracts from the current names of the authors of certain anonymous and 
 
 literature, which give an idea of what was con- doubtful tracts. Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 
 
 sidered of importance to be studied at the time. 332. 
 It is also of some use as it sometimes supplies the 
 
 A. B. C. I. 
 
 I. Hermes. Die Smaragdtafel, p. 57. VIII. Johann Siebmacher aus NUrnterg. Gul- 
 
 II. Samuel Baruch. Die Gabe Gottes, p. 61. denes Vlies, p. 145. 
 
 III. Rabbi Abraham Eleazar. Schrift, p. 71. IX. Johann Siebmacher aus Ntirnberg. Was- 
 
 IV. Nodus sophicus enodatus, p. 73. serstein der Weisen, p. 156. 
 
 V. Kinderbett des Steins der Weisen, p. 86. X. Johann Friedrich Hautnorthon. Tractat vom 
 
 VI. M. Barcius, or Johann v. Sternberg. Gloria philosophischen Salze, p. 157. 
 
 Mundi, Kleine Paradeis-Tafel, p. 95. XI. Leona Constantia (Johanna Leade). Sonnen- 
 
 VII. Johann Grashofer, Chortolasseus ge- blume der Weisen, p. 172. 
 
 nannt, Schriften ; Geheimnisse des grossen und XII. Radtichs Brotoffer. Elucidarius maior, p. 
 kleinen Bauers ; Cabala Chemica, p. 121. 176. 
 
HERME TISCHES 
 
 HERMETISCHES A. B. C. Continued. 
 
 XIII. Alexander v. Suchten. Explicatio 
 Tincturse Physicorum Theophrasti Paracelsi, p. 
 
 195- 
 
 XIV. Alexander v. Suchten. De tribus 
 Facultatibus, p. 214. 
 
 XV. De Nuysement. Vom wahren Salz der 
 Weisen und dem Allgemeinen Geist der Welt, 
 p. 230. 
 
 XVI. Antonio de Abbatia. Bericht von Ver- 
 wandlung der Metallen, p. 261. 
 
 XVII. Aufrichtig deutscher Wegweiser zum 
 Licht der Natur, p. 263. 
 
 XVIII. Laurentius Ventura Venetus. De Lapide 
 Philosophorum, p. 268. 
 
 XIX. Johann v. Padua. Vollendete heilige 
 Weisheit, p. 283. 
 
 XX. Marsilius Ficinus. Buchlein vom Stein 
 der Weisen, p. 294. 
 
 XXI. John Dausten. Rosarium vom Stein der 
 Weisen, p. 300. 
 
 XXII. Hermes. Giildener Tractat von Zusam- 
 mensetzung des Steins der Weisen, p. 311. 
 
 XXIII. Raymundus Lullius. Apertorium de 
 Compositione Lapidis Philosophorum, p. 312. 
 
 XXIV. Raymundus Lullius. Elucidarius iiber 
 sein Testament und Codicill, p. 315. 
 
 XXV. Aristoteles. Alchymische Schrift an Alex- 
 andrum Magnum, de Lapide Philosophorum, 
 p. 316. 
 
 A. B. C. II. 
 
 I. P. Spiefs. Concordanz iiber das Nuysement 
 Sal coeleste, p. 15. 
 
 II. Benedict Gutwasser. Aufrichtig Chemisches 
 Glaubens-Bekenntniss, p. 41. 
 
 III. Das philosophische Vaterherz, p. 56. 
 
 IV. Amor Proximi, p. 72. 
 
 V. Das aus der Finsternifs von sich selbst hervor- 
 brechende Licht, p. 106. 
 
 VI. Fama mystica hermetica, p. 163. 
 
 VII. Der rechte Weg zur hermetischen Kunst, 
 
 P- 175- 
 
 VIII. Sendivogius. Die geheime Naturlehre, p. 
 
 193- 
 
 IX. Georg von Welling. Opus mago-cabalisti- 
 cum et theosophicum, p. 231. 
 
 X. Franc. Sebast. Fulvus Melvolodemet, of 
 Pisa. Non plus ultra Veritatis, Untersuchung der 
 hermetischen Wissenschaft, p. 269. 
 
 XL D. M . 3 Tractatlein, p, 288. 
 
 XII. Ben Adam. Traum-Gesicht, zur Zeit der 
 Regierung Ruacharetz, Konigs von Adama, von 
 Floretus a Bethabor an den Tag gegeben, p. 296. 
 
 XIII. Das hermaphroditische Sonn- und Monds- 
 Kind, p. 301. 
 
 A. B. C. III. 
 
 I. Der uralte Ritterkrieg, und hermetische 
 Triumph, p. 15. 
 
 II. Henry Vanghan (sic) genannt Eugenius 
 Philaletha : Erofneter Eingang zu des Konigs 
 verschlofsnem Pallast, p. 73. 
 
 III. (Henry Vaughan) : Von Verwandlung der 
 Metalle, p. 78. 
 
 IV. (Henry Vaughan) : Kurze Anleitung zum 
 himmlischen Rubin, p. 80. 
 
 V. (Henry Vaughan) : Brunn der Chemischen 
 Wissenschaft, p. 83. 
 
 VI. (Henry Vaughan): Magia Adamica, Alter- 
 thum der Weisheit oder Himmel der Erde, p. 86. 
 
 VII. (Henry Vaughan) : Antroposophia Magica, 
 p. 115. 
 
 VIII. (Henry Vaughan): Animamagicaabscondita, 
 p. 122. 
 
 IX. (Henry Vaughan) : Euphrates, die Wasser 
 von Aufgang, p. 134. 
 
 X. (Henry Vaughan) : Lumen de Lumine, neues 
 magisches Licht, p. 151. 
 
 XI. Thomas Vanghan [sic]. Aula Lucis, Haufs 
 des Lichts, p. 177. 
 
 XII. Aus Peter Steiners Handschrift von der 
 Universal-Materie, p. 189. 
 
 XIII. Aus Nedeganders kurzer Anleitung zum 
 Naturgeheimnifs, p. 203. 
 
 XIV. Aus der giildenen Rose : durchl.R.V.M.D., 
 p. 207. 
 
 XV. Aus dem Gesprach zwischen dem Saturn 
 der Weisen, und einem Chemisten, p. 209. 
 
 XVI. Aus Jamsthalers Gedicht vom Stein der 
 Weisen, p. 213. 
 
 XVII. Aus dem Gedicht der achten Rosen- 
 kreuzer, p. 214. 
 
 XVIII. Aus den Lehrsatzen von der Weisen 
 Steine, p. 216. 
 
 XIX. Aus d. Aria von der Weisen Stein, p. 217. 
 
 XX. Aus dem Brunn der Weisheit, p. 218. 
 
 XXI. Aus dem Blut der Natur, p. 225. 
 
 XXII. Aus Fictulds Azoth et Ignis, p. 252. 
 
 XXIII. Aus Fictulds Aureum Vellus, goldenem 
 Vliefs, p. 263. 
 
 XXIV. Aus Fictulds Hermetica Victoria, p. 271. 
 
 XXV. Aus Fictulds Abhandlung von der Gewifs- 
 heit der Alchemic, p. 288. 
 
 A. B. C. IV. 
 
 I. Aus Fictulds Turba Philosophorum, p. 15. 
 
 II. Aus der fiirstlichen Rose von Jericho, oder 
 Moses Testament, p. 39. 
 
 III. Aus Elias Artista Geheimnis vom Salze, 
 
 P- 47' 
 
 IV. Einzehne Zeugnisse aus Fictulds Probier- 
 steine, p. 71. 
 
 V. Aus Johann Ferdinand von Freydau Send- 
 schreiben, p. 75. 
 
 VI. Aus desselben Licht des Lichts, p. 95. 
 
 VII. Aus Leonhards delarvatione Tincturae Phil- 
 osophorum, p. 122. 
 
 VIII. Aus v. Loen Geheimnifs der Verwesung 
 und Verbrennung aller Dinge, p. 137. 
 
 IX. Aus dem mikrokosmischen Vorspiel eines 
 neuen Himmels und der neuen Erde, p. 167. 
 
 X. Aus des Grafen Marsciano Sendschreiben 
 und hermetischen Untersuchung, p. 202. 
 
 For notes upon the above authors, see the respective entries. 
 
 HERMETISCHES Journal. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Die) Gesellschaft. 
 
HERMET1SCHESHERMOGENES 399 
 
 HERMETISCHES Museum. Erster Theil. Allen Liebhabern der wahren 
 Weisheit gewidmet von dem Herausgeber. Reval und Leipzig bey 
 Albrecht und Compagnie . . . 
 
 8. Pp. 192. The date has been torn off. 
 Zweyter Theil . . . (date torn off). 8. Pp. 190. 
 Dritter Theil, 1785. 8. Pp. 179 [r blank]. 
 
 Vierter Theil, Leipzig, 5790, in Geislers, des jiingern, Verlagshandlung. 8. Pp. vi. 170. 
 The date of parts I. and II. is 5782, which of course stands for 1782. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, 1870, No. 626 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 341 (enumerates 
 (only three parts are mentioned). four parts). 
 
 The contents of the four parts are as follows : 
 
 1. Warum gelangen nur wenige Menschen zum 3. SendschreibeneinesAdepten. uberdasGeheim- 
 Meisterstiik der koniglichen Kunst ? eine Frage, nis der grossen Kunst, aus Gelegenheit derjenigen 
 beantwortet von einem achten Maurer, I., p. 13. Lehren abgefafst, die Aristaeus seinem Sohne, das 
 
 2. Johann de Monte Raphaim. Vorbothe der philosophische Meisterstiik betreffend hinterlassen 
 am philosophischen Himmel hervorbrechenden hat. Der Name des Verfassers ist in diesem 
 Morgenrothe, I., p. 65. lateinischen Annagramma (sic) enthalten. Dives 
 
 3. P. A. Theophrasti geheimes und vollstandiges sicut Ardens, s. Sanctus Desiderius. zu Paris bey 
 Wiinschhiitlein, . . . mit einer Nachricht von des Lorenz D'Houry, 1688, III., p. 95. 
 
 Verfassers Leben vermehrt von Sincero Aletophilo. 4. Liber de Principiis Naturalibus et de principiis 
 
 Nach der Erfurter Ausgabe von 1738 abgedrukt, artis Chemicae. Incerto Authore, III., p. 151. 
 
 I., p. in. Die wahrhafte und vollkommene Bereitung des 
 
 1. Johannis Augurelli Guldenes Vliefs und Gol- Philosophischen Steins der Briiderschaft aus dem 
 derzielungskunst . . . iibersezt von M. Valentin Orden des Gulden- und Rosen- Creutzes. . . . Dabey 
 Weigel . . . abgedrukt nach der Hamburger Aus- angehanget die Gesetze oder Regeln, welche die 
 gabe vom Jahre 1716, II., p. 3. gedachte Briiderschaft unter sich halt, denen 
 
 2. Reine Hermetische Wahrheit von einem Filiis Doctrinae zum Besten publiciret, von S. R., 
 unbekannten Verfasser, II., p. 143. iv. p. i. 
 
 1. Schliissel zur wahren Weisheit, III., p. 3. The 'Gesetze,' p. 143. 
 
 2. Philadelphia oder briiderliche Liebe von 
 Irenreus Philoctetes, III., p. 37. 
 
 HERMITE (L') du Fauxbourg. 
 
 See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). 
 
 Gmelin (Geschichte der Ckemie, 1798, ii. p. 314) quotes the pseudonym but not its 
 equivalent. 
 
 HERMOGENES. 
 
 Des aufrichtigen Hermogenis Philosophischer und Magischer Feuer-Stab, 
 oder : Unvermeidlicher Kunstgriff zu dem Philosophischen Feuer zu 
 gelangen, dadurch man zur Vollkommenheit dieses grossen Werckes, und 
 herrlichen Wissenschafft kofnt, und gleichsam durch einen Tubum das 
 Innerste der Materie aller Weisen, und seinen edlen Geist aus der 
 Fontina heraus ziehet, ausser welchem Tubo igneo oder Feuer-Stab, velut 
 totius operis Directore & ignis Observatore, wovon kein Philosophus 
 etwas erwehnet, das Werck keinen guten Succefs, vielweniger ein gewiinschtes 
 Ende erlangen kan, von mir obbenannten, als ein Supplementum des gantzen 
 Geheimnisses, denen Kunstbegierigeh und dem Publico zu gut heraus 
 gegeben, und entdecket worden. Leipzig und Halle, zu finden in denen 
 Krugischen Buchhandlungen, 1741. 
 
 8. Pp. 62. 
 
 In the preface to the present tract his works are Of the ' Feuer-Stab,' Kopp says there was an 
 
 enumerated by himself, and the titles copied by earlier edition of 1709. 
 
 Fictuld and others. Fictuld says that the author has not revealed his 
 
 Apocalypsis spagyrica et philosophica, Leipzig, name, but he is 'obviously an Arch-Sophist,' his 
 
 1739. writings are ' godless lies and pasquils, ' and they 
 
 Spagyrisches und philosophische s Brunnlein, deserve to be burned. There are no half-measures 
 
 1709 ; Leipzig, 1741, 8. with Fictuld. 
 
400 
 
 HERMOGENESHER WIG 
 
 HERMOGENES. Continued. 
 
 But on the other hand he seems to have been of 
 some importance in the development of Rosicruci- 
 anism, and is quoted repeatedly as an authority by 
 Semler, who links his name more than once with 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii., p. 76. 
 
 Semler, Unpartheiische Samlungen zur Historic 
 der Rosenkreiizer, 1787, ii. p. 167 ; 1788, iii. pp. 38, 
 71, 85, 125, 164 (extracts from his writings), 177, 
 188 ; 1788, iv. pp. 62, 169, 180. Chronology, 1741. 
 
 Fictuld's. Whether the latter, after his published 
 criticisms, would have enjoyed being put in the 
 same category may be doubted. This author does 
 not appear in Kloss's list. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 315. 
 '' 
 
 1870, Nos. 1367, 1368. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. pp. 352, 386, 391. 
 
 HERMOPHILE. 
 
 Le Pseautier d'Hermophile, envoye a Philalethe. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1754, iv. 
 P- 394- 
 
 HERTODT VON TODTENFELDT (Jon ANN FERDINAND). 
 
 Epistola contra Philaletham. Responsio ad praecedentem Epistolam. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. pp. 697 and 699. 
 
 Johann Ferdinand Hertodt, or Herdott, von 
 Totenfeld, or Todtenfeldt, of Niclasburg in Mor- 
 avia, born 4 Feb., 1645, was a doctor of medicine, 
 a member of the Leopoldine Academia . . . 
 Naturae Curiosorum in 1670, and chief physician 
 to the Emperor. In his youth he occupied him- 
 self with writing books, but later on he abandoned 
 this sort of work and practised medicine at 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 576. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliolheca Chemica, 1727, p. 284. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 97 
 (intercourse with Wagnereck). 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 681. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 397- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1562. 
 
 Biichner, Academia . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 465, No. 37. 
 
 Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 794. 
 
 Briinn, the capital of Moravia, with great accept- 
 ance. He died in 1714. 
 
 He wrote 'Tartaro-Mastix Moraviae,' Viennae 
 Austriae, 1669, 8; 'Opus mirificum sexti diei,' 
 Jenae, 1670, 8 ; ' Crocologia, sive curiosa Croci, 
 regis vegetabiliurri, enucleatio,' Jense, 1671, 8, and 
 some papers in the Ephemerides of the Society. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I'Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 413. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i, p. 581. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire hislorique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 515. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. 
 p. 258. 
 
 _. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 208, 
 216. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 176. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches I^exikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzle alter Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 178. 
 
 HERVERDI (JOSEPH FERDINAND). 
 
 Joseph Ferdinand Herverdi, M.D. in Rotterdam, Erklarung des mineralischen 
 Reichs. Ein Beytrag zur Geschichte der Alchymie. Berlin, bey Arnold 
 Wever, 1783. 
 
 8. Pp. [ 4 ] 124. 
 
 The Beytrag does not spare the author's obscurity, 
 errors, and divagations from sound sense. 
 
 Beytrag xur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 683. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexicon 
 der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1797, 
 iii. p. 269 ; 1786, Nachtrag, i. p. 273. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 235. 
 
 Meusel quotes the above, but knows nothing 
 about the author. Schmieder calls him Hervordi, 
 which seems inaccurate. 
 
 (This is an inaccurate reference, and I have failed 
 to correct it). 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 
 595- 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 586-7. 
 
 HERWIG (HENNING MICHAEL). 
 
 The Art of Curing Sympathetically, or Magnetically, Proved to be most true 
 both by its Theory and Practice, Exemplified by several Cures performed 
 that way. With a Discourse concerning the Cure of Madnefs, And An 
 
HERWIGHESSLING 401 
 
 HERWIG (HENNING MICHAEL). Continued. 
 
 Appendix to prove the reality of Sympathy. Also an account of some 
 Cures perform'd by it in London. Written originally in Latin by H. M. 
 Herwig, M.D. London, Printed for Tho. Newborough at the Golden 
 
 Ball in St. Pauls Churchyard, R. Parker at the Unicorn under the Piazza 
 of the Royal Exchange, Cornhil ; and P. Buck at the Sign of the Temple, 
 at the Temple-Gate in Fleetstreet, 1700. 
 
 12. Pp. [15, i blank] 151. Advertisement of Chemical Books at the End [ij, 
 
 Watt (Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, (authors) i. 490 *) quotes : Ars Cttrandi Sym- 
 fathefica, Culemburgi, no date, 12. There is a copy in the British Museum (1038. a. 
 29). 
 
 HESSLING (ELIAS JOHANNES). 
 
 Theophrastus Redivivus hoc est Usus Practicus Azothi, sive Lapidis Philosophici 
 Medicinalis, qui vera Tinctura corporis humani, Gratia divina in his ultimis 
 temporibus nobis redonati : Des theuren, Edlen, Hocherfahrnen, vnd weit- 
 beruhmten Philosophi Teutsches Landes, Philippi Theophrasti Paracelsi 
 von Hohenheim : Beyder Artzney Doctoris, Medicorum Monarchae, & 
 Principis. Welches Gebrauch nechst Gottlicher Hiilffe in gliicklicher 
 gefiihrter Praxi in denen Kranckheiten, die mir die nechst verflossene 
 Jahre der gnadigen wider Erlangung defs Azothi vnter Handen kommen, 
 war sein befunden habe Ich M. Elias Johannes Hefsling, Arnstadiensis 
 Thuringus, jetziger Zeit Pfarrherr zu Aurach Vahinger Ampts an der Ens 
 im Fiirstenthumb Wiirtenberg, vnd der Edlen Medicin alter Practicus. 
 Auff sonderbar gnadiges Begehren vornehmer frembder Herren von mir 
 zum Truck iibergeben. 
 
 Christlicher Leser hore mich hier, 
 
 Richt nicht zugeschwindt bitt ich von dir, 
 
 Liss mich zuvor bedachtsamlich, 
 
 Dann judicir vernunfftiglich. 
 Franckfurt, In Verlegung Johann-Willhelm Ammons vnd Serlins. Im 
 
 Jahr Christi 1659. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 27 [i blank]. 
 
 Theophrastus Redivivus, Illustratus, Coronatus & Defensus. Hoc est : Vsus 
 Practicus Azothi, Lapidis Philosophici Mediqinalis, qui vera Tinctura 
 Corporis humani : et Elixirij novi correcti : aliorumque arcanorum Medi- 
 camentorum, gratia divina in his ultimis mundi temporibus nobis redonatorum. 
 Des Edlen, Hocherfahrnen, vnd Welt beriihmten, durch Gottes Genaden 
 erleuchteten Philosophi Deutsches Landes ; Philippi Theophrasti Paracelsi, 
 von Hohenheim ; beyder Artzeney Doctoris, Medicorum Monarchae & 
 Principis Helvetici. Durch welchen die, wider den Erstmahls publicirten 
 Theophrastum Redivivum, aufsgestrewete vngottliche Calumnien, vnd sehr 
 vnchristliche Diffamationes des Anonymischen Concipisten Imposturae & 
 Appendicis, verniinfftig abgelehnet ; vnd die in schrifften eingebrachte 
 objectiones bescheidentlich vnd Christlichen beantwortet hat : Elias lohannes 
 Hefsling, Arnstadiensis Thuringus : Philosoph. & Vtriusque Med. D. Quondam 
 
4O2 
 
 HESSLING-HE URNIUS 
 
 HESSLING (ELIAS JOHANNES). Continued. 
 
 Pastor Wirtenbergicus, zu Aurach, Vayhinger Ampts : noviter vocatus Con- 
 cionator Aulicus, Hasso-Homburgensis. Anjetzo Medicus Practicus in 
 Aurach. 
 
 Ovi : Perfer & obdura, dolor hie tibi proderit olim. 
 
 Zum Druck vberschicket von Zoffingen, Anno 1662. Vnd vnder dem 
 Verlag'des Authoris gedruckt zu Hamburg, Anno 1663. 
 
 4. Pp. 48, 304. P. 21, portrait of Paracelsus with his left hand on the pommel 
 of his sword, inscribed Azot. 
 
 Beyond what he says about himself on his title- 
 pages I have not found anything about Hessling. 
 Gmelin calls him Hasling and quotes only Theo- 
 phrastus redivtvus, 1659. This book seems to have 
 provoked a controversy, for Roth-Scholtz gives the 
 title of a criticism intended as a warning to the 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 286. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 619 (1659 edition). 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung ... zu . . , Jochers . . . 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 1975. 
 
 public: ' Impostura Theophrasti Redivivi detecta,' 
 Stuttgart, 1660, and to this Hessling replied in his 
 Fried ens- und Kriegs-Bothe, 1660, as well as in the 
 present work. Adelung quotes : Breyningius 
 larvatus a se explosus^ Cassel, 1665, 4. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 625. 
 
 Mook, Thcophrastus Paracelsus, cine Kritische 
 Studie, 1876, p. 135, etc. 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, pp. 
 600, 601, 606. 
 
 HEURNIUS (JOHANNES). 
 
 See BROUCHUISIUS (DANIEL), Secreta Alchimine Magnalia, 1612. 
 
 Heurnius wrote a preface in defence of alchemy. It is not mentioned at all by Mercklin. Only the 
 edition : Colon. Agrip. 1579, 4, is quoted by Niceron. 
 
 lohannis Hevrnii Vltraiectini De Peste Liber. 
 Ex Officina Plantiniana Raphelengij, cla.Io.cxv. 
 
 4. Pp. 37 [3]. Plantin's device with the motto : Lahore et Constantia. 
 Mercklin quotes an edition : Lugd. Bat. 1600, 4, only. 
 
 lohannis Hevrnii Vltraiectini de Febribus Liber. Ex officinal Plantiniana 
 Raphelengii, 1610. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 124. Plantin's device as in the preceding. 
 Mercklin quotes an edition : Lugd. Bat. 1598, 4, only. 
 
 Jan van Heurne, Johannes Heurnius, was born 
 at Utrecht, 25 Jan., 1543 (others n Augt.), of an 
 old family. As a school boy he showed no aptitude 
 for learning, for it is said that at the age of 1 1 he 
 could not read, and at 15 had not acquired the 
 rales of grammar. But about that time he woke 
 up, and worked so hard that he soon made up 
 for his lost time, and at 18 he went to Louvain 
 where he studied philosophy, mathematics, and 
 medicine. After three years he went to Paris and 
 continued his studies, and when he was 24 pro- 
 ceeded to Italy, spending a long time at Padua for 
 the sake of the lectures then given. He reluctantly 
 refused an invitation to accompany the Venetian 
 ambassador to Constantinople, and finally in 1571, 
 at the age of 28, took the degree of Doctor of 
 Medicine at Pavia. He remained there two years, 
 but left Italy secretly on account of a conspiracy 
 which had been formed to prevent him getting a 
 chair, and reached Utrecht in 1573, where he 
 began to practise medicine, and became physician 
 of the Prince of Egmont, and a Senator. 
 
 Jllustrium Hollandice et Westfrisice Ordinum 
 alma Academia Leidensis, 1614, pp. 124 (portrait) 
 141. 
 
 Adami, Vit* Germanorum Medicorum, 1620 
 p. 368. 
 
 In 1581 he was appointed to the chair of 
 medicine at Leyden, which he occupied for twenty 
 years till his death. He was six times rector of 
 the university, and he was the first who, at the 
 students' request, gave practical demonstrations 
 of anatomy. 
 
 After suffering for three years from calculus he 
 died ii Aug., 1601, aged 58, on his birthday day 
 according to Witte, but in 1598 according to 
 Mercklin. As, however, he places his birth in 
 1543, and gives his age as 59, he must have made 
 a slip in the year of his death. 
 
 With the exception of the preface in defence of 
 alchemy which he wrote for Brouchuisius' collection, 
 all his works deal with the institutes, study and 
 practice of medicine, with special diseases, and 
 with the history of the art as shown by his editions 
 of Hippocrates. They were ultimately collected 
 by his son Otto, and published at Leyden, 1609, 
 4 , and at Lyons, 1658, folio. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 277. 
 
 Joh. Andr. Quenstedt, Dialogus de patriis 
 illustrium doctrina et scriptis irirorum, 1654, 
 P- "4- 
 
HE URNIUSHILDANUS 
 
 403 
 
 HEURNIUS (JOHANNES). Continued, 
 
 Crasso, Elogii iCHuomini Letterati, 1666, ii. 
 pp. 64-68, with a portrait. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 605. 
 
 Coming, In Universam Art em .\fedicani . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 109, 250. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarontm, 
 1688, pp. 1307-10, plate 59. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographic/nit, 1688, Sig. A 4 
 verso, ii Aug., 1601. 
 
 Pope-Blount, Censura Celebriorum Authonim, 
 1710, p. 799. 
 
 Teissier, Les Eloges des Homines Savans, 1715, 
 iv. pp. 397-400. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 684. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 15 (his life), 240 (works), 709. 
 
 Niceron, Memoires, 1737, xxxvii. p. 36. 
 
 Foppens, Bibliotheca Belgica, 1739, ii. p. 660. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 P- 398. 
 
 Caspar Burmann, Trajectttm Erudition, 1750, 
 
 P- 134- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1578 (a long account). 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 321. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de f Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, ii. p. 311. 
 
 Haller. Bibliolheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 270. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1776, i. 
 PP- 36, 37, 42, 52, 6 4, 66, 67, 96 ; 1777, ii. p. 272. 
 
 Biographie IffAticale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 179. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. 
 
 P- 343- 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mde- 
 cine, 1836, iii. i. p. 123. 
 
 Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1849, ii. p. 156. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 
 Nederlanden, 1867, viii. p. 733 (and references). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 129, 141. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p. 194 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1902, vii. p. 100. 
 
 Hirsch, Biogra-bhisches Lexicon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 189. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Medi- 
 cales, 4eme Se'rie, 1888, xiv. p. 104. 
 
 HEUTIGE ALCHIMIST (Der). 
 See PLUSIUS (EDUARD). 
 
 HIERONYMUS de Zanetinis. 
 
 Conclusio & comprobatio Alchymiae, qua disposition! & argumentis Angeli 
 respondetur. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, iv. p. 247. 
 
 HILDANUS (WILHELM FABRICIUS). 
 
 Schatzkammerlein der Gesundheit, inhaltendt Fiinff vnd Zwantzig aufserlesene 
 niitzliche Regulen vnd Lehrstiick, die Gesundheit lang zu erhalten, durch 
 den Weylandt Hochgelehrten, vnd Weitberiihmbten P. vnd Medicum 
 Herrn Johannem Posthium, Churfiirstlicher Pfaltz wohlbestelten Leibartzt, 
 zu samen bracht, vnd in einem Patent an Tag geben, nun aber, dem 
 gemeinen Mann zu gutem, weitleufftig erklart, mit vielen niitzlichen vnd 
 bewehrten Artzneyen geziert, in dieses Hand Biichlein gebracht, vnd an 
 Tag geben : Durch Guilhelmum Fabricium Hildanum, Fiirstl. Marggravischen 
 Badischen, wie auch der Loblichen Statt Bern bestelten Medico-Chirurgum 
 Ordinarium. Gedruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn, bey Erasmo Kempffern, 
 In Verlegung Matthsei Merian, Im Jahr 1628. 
 
 4. Pp. [1-25] 26-142 [2 blank]. Vignette with the motto : Hinc Sanitas. 
 
 His name is given variously as Wilhelm Fabry, 
 and Fabriz, Guilielmus Fabricius, and Guilielmus 
 Kabricius Hildanus. He was so called from the 
 villnge of Hilden near Diisseldorf, where he was 
 born 25 June, 1560. He was educated at Cologne, 
 studied surgery with Cosmas Slotanus, a pupil of 
 Vesalius and surgeon of the Duke of Jiilich. In 
 1585 he went to Metz, the following year to 
 Payernc, next to Geneva, where he remained for 
 four years with Jean Griffon, an able surgeon, who 
 practised Tagliacozzi's method. He married in 
 
 1590, and trained his wife in surgery and obstetrics, 
 and returned to Hilden and Cologne. In 1597 he 
 went again to Switzerland, and remained at 
 Payerne and Lausanne till 1615, when he was 
 invited to Bern as town and canton physician. He 
 was also physician to the Margrave of Baden- 
 Hochberg in Durlach. 
 
 He was considered one of the best trained 
 surgeons in Germany at the beginning of the seven- 
 teenth century, and he made many contributions 
 to the literature of the subject. He also wrote oq 
 
404 
 
 HILDA NUSHILDEBRAND T 
 
 HILDANUS (WILHELM FABRICIUS). Continued. 
 
 the mineral waters of Switzerland. He invented 
 some ingenious instruments, and presented skeletons 
 to Cologne and Bern. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis medicis Hbri duo, 
 1637, p. 186. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 373. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, p. 398 (Introductio c.Xll. 4). 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1365, PI. 62. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Gg 2 
 recto, 14 Feb. , 1634. 
 
 Christianus Polycarpus Leporinus, Vita, Qued- 
 linburg, 1722, 4. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mediconim, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 689. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medlcinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 810, 829, 830, 837, 839, 851, 
 
 859. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon , 1740, 
 p. 287. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 495. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 367. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I' Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, ii. pp. 263-275, & passim. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Bolanica, 1771, i. p. 421 ; 
 1773, ii. p. 676. 
 
 He died at Bern, 14 Feb., 1634, in the 74th year 
 of his age, of asthma, having suffered some years 
 previously from gout, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 295- 
 
 97- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 259 ; 
 1775, ii. p. 602. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicince practices, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 305-308. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire histonque de la Midecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 525. 
 
 Gottl. Eman. von Haller, Bibliothek Schwei&er- 
 Geschichte, 1785, i. Nos. 651, 1346, 1575, 1607, 
 1608, 1754 (notices of his works). 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xiv. under Fabricius. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), iv. p. 90. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 PP- 553- 577~59 2 ) & c -i & c - 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1855, xiii. p. 291. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1877, vi. p. 526. 
 (Article by Hirsch. ) 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 439- 976, 982- 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1883, iv. p. 566 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1900, v. p. 427. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 gendtn Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1885, ii 
 p. 325. (Article by Kleinwachter.) 
 
 HILDEBRANDT (GEORG FRIEDERICH). 
 
 Chemische und mineralogische Geschichte des Quecksilbers abgefasst von 
 Georg Friederich Hildebrandt der Arzneikunde und Wundarzneikunst Doctor, 
 der Anatomie und Chemie ordentlichem Lehrer zu Braunschweig, ordent- 
 lichem Assessor im Ober-Sanitats-Collegium daselbst, der Romisch-Kaiserlichen 
 Akademie der Naturforscher Mitgliede, und der Koniglich Grofsbrittannischen 
 Societal der Wissenschaften zu Gottingen Correspondenten. 
 Nee manet vlla sui similis res ; omnia migrant, 
 Omnia commutat Natura, et vertere cogit. 
 
 Lucretius de rerum natura. 
 
 Libr. VI. v. 828. 
 Braunschweig im Verlage der Schulbuchhandlung. 1793. 
 
 4. Pp. x. 476. 
 An excellent monograph with numerous lists of books and papers. 
 
 Hildebrandt was born at Hanover, 5 June, 1764, 
 graduated M.D., was privat-docent at Gottingen, 
 in 1786 professor of anatomy in the Anatomical and 
 Surgical Institute at Brunswick, assessor of the 
 Ober-Sanitats Collegium, ordinary professor of 
 medicine at Erlangen in 1793, of chemistry in 
 1796, and of physics in 1799. He was also Coun- 
 cillor of the King of Prussia. He died in 1816. 
 
 He contributed largely to scientific periodical 
 literature, and wrote works on medicine, his 
 Manual of Anatomy being regarded as a classic in 
 its day. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 289, 
 297, &c., &c. 
 
 G. W. A. Fikenscher, Academische Gelehrten- 
 Geschichte der Univernttit zu Erlangen, Nurnberg, 
 1806. 
 
 Besides the above he wrote : Anfangsgriinde der 
 Chemie, zum Grundriss akademischer Vorlesungen 
 nach den neuen Systeme abgefasst, Erlangen, 1794, 
 3 vols. ; Encyclopadie der gesammten Chemie, 
 Erlangen, 1799-1818, 8 ; Lehrbuch der Chemie 
 als Wissenschaft und als Kunst, Erlangen, 1816, 
 8 ; Anfangsgriinde der Metallurgie, Erlangen, 
 1816, 8 ; Chemische Betrachtungen der Lohger- 
 berey, Erlangen, 1795, 8 ; Dissertatio de metal- 
 lorum nobilium puritate arte paranda, Erlangen, 
 1796, 8. 
 
 Eschenburg, Entwun einer Geschichte der 
 Collegii Carolini in Braunschweig, Berlin, 1812, 
 8. 
 
 Nova Acta physico-medica Academiee . . . Nat-urce 
 Curiosorum, Erlangen, 1818, ix. pp. 15-54. 
 
H1LDEBRANDT-HILL 405 
 
 HILDEBRANDT (GEORG FRIEDERICH). Continued. 
 
 Schweigger, Journal fur Chemie und Physik, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1880, xii. p. 403 
 
 1819, xxv. p. 16. (article by Hirsch). 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Haeser, Geschichte der Mediciti, 1881, ii. p. 848. 
 25), v. p. 188. Billings, Index- Catalogue, 1885, vi. p. 208; 2nd 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. Series, 1902, vii. p. 113. 
 p. 545. Diclionnaire Encycloptdique des Sciences Mfdi- 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- cales, 4eme S^rie, 1888, xiv. p. 113. 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1102. 
 
 HILDEBRANDT QOHANN BERNHARD). 
 
 De Lapide Philosophico : das ist von dem Gebenedeyten Stein der Weysen 
 oder Chemia. Zu griindlichem vnnd warhafftigem Bericht, alien Werden 
 Liebhabern, der Waren, Edlen vnd Reinen Kunst Chemiae, gantz hell 
 vnd klar, aus Briiderlicher Liebe vnd Wolmeinung geschrieben durch 
 Johann Bernhard Hildebrandt, von Hildebrandseck einen liebhaber der 
 Kunst Alchymige. Gedruckt zu Hall in Sachsen bey Peter Schmidt, In 
 Vorlegung Joachimi Krusicken. Anno M DC XVIII. 
 
 8. Not paged. Sigs. A-L in 8, M in 4 (= pp. 183, i blank), n woodcuts. 
 The running title of this poem is : Das Buch Magnesia. It may be compared with 
 that of Jamsthaler. 
 
 HILDENBRANDT (PAULUS) von Hildenbrandseck. 
 
 Auriferae Artis, das ist, Der Goldkunst : die man Chemiam nennt, Vhralteste 
 Authores vnd Anfanger. Oder : Turba Philosophorum. Zum Andern, ein 
 vortrefflicher Tractat, defs hocherleuchten vnd Sinreichen Philosophi Rogeri 
 Bachonis, Den ich von einem guten Freundt Teutsch beschrieben bekommen, 
 (welcher zuvor niemals Teutsch getruckt) Von der warhafftigen Composition 
 defs Lapidis Philosophorum Theorice & Physice gantz lustiglich beschrieben, 
 darinnen nicht allein die natiirlichen Vrsachen, sondern auch Theologische 
 Exempel nach der Natur demonstrirt werden. Zu nutz vnd dienst alien 
 wahren Kunstliebenden der Natur, so der Lateinischen Sprach vnerfahren, 
 mit fleifs auffs best zusammen gelesen, vnd in Truck gegeben : Durch 
 Den Edlen vnd Vesten Paulum Hildenbrandt von Hildenbrandseck. Ge- 
 truckt zu Franckfort, durch Wolffgang Richtern, In Verlegung der samptlichen 
 Bassseischen Erben, 1608. 
 
 8. Pp. [19] 4-168. Title red and black. Woodcut. 
 
 Propositiones Maximae, sen Satzungen der Gold- in Germanicum idioma versum per me, M. Laur- 
 kunst oder Chemise Artis, Sig. A. 7. entium loha. Anno Salutis 1596. 
 
 Turba Philosophorum, p. 4. The tract by Roger Bacho is not taken from the 
 
 Rogerius Bacho, De Sole, p. 109. Ars Aurifera. Under the title 'Tractat vom 
 
 Rogerius Bacho, Theorica, p. 116. Golde' it was reprinted by Roth-Scholtz. 
 
 Rogerius Bacho, Practick oder Procefs de Sole, Whether or not the two preceding writers have 
 p. 128. any connection with one another, as seems pro- 
 
 The title of the above would induce the belief bable, I have been unable to ascertain, and I have 
 that it is a translation of the Ars Aurifera of 1572, not been fortunate enough to find any notice of 
 or 1610 (q.v.), but in reality it contains only the them. There is a copy of the Ars Aurifera in the 
 ' Propositiones ' and the 'Turba' from that work. Ouvaroff collection, and it is also mentioned by 
 At the end of the ' Turba ' is this note : Ex Latino Kopp. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 344. 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 606. 
 
 HILL (JOHN). 
 
 Das heilige Kraut, oder die Krafte der Salbey zur Verlangerung des menschlichen 
 Lebens. Von Dr. Johann Hill. Aus dem Englischen. Wortgetreu nach 
 der Ausgabe von 1778. Stuttgart, 1853. Antiquariat von J. Scheible. 
 16. Pp. 48. [2 pp. advertisement.] 
 
406 
 
 HILLHIRSCHING 
 
 HILL (JOHN). Continued. 
 
 This is part 4 of Scheible's Series called Antiquarische Raritdten. 
 
 The original work, entitled The virtues of Sage, appeared at London in 1765, 8. 
 The German translation, of which the above declares itself to be a reprint, was pub- 
 lished at Altenburg, 1778, 8. 
 
 Hill, son of the Rev. Theophilus Hill, of Peter- 
 borough or Spalding, was born about 1716. He 
 was apprenticed to an apothecary, studied botany 
 of which he must have acquired a good knowledge, 
 went on the stage and failed as an actor, returned 
 to his first occupation and entered on the life of 
 a literary man. His edition and translation of 
 Theophrastus upon Stones brought him into notice, 
 and his botanical writings which were numerous 
 and extensive gained him fame and distinction, for 
 on account of his book : ' The Vegetable system, ' 
 in six and twenty folio volumes, the King of 
 Sweden conferred on him the Order of Vasa, and 
 henceforth he used the title ' Sir.' He also pro- 
 cured from St. Andrews the diploma of Doctor of 
 Medicine. 
 
 Besides his more laborious contributions to 
 botany and natural history, he threw off all kinds 
 of literary work with the utmost ease, wrote plays 
 which were unsuccessful and lost fame in 
 notoriety as a man of fashion and a journalist who 
 retailed society scandal and town talk in a weekly 
 
 Portal, Histoire de V Anatomie et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, v. p. 509 (' History of Animals ' commended). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. pp. 356- 
 362 (' Magnis hide botanicis operibus Celebris'). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 456. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung . . . zu . . . Jochers , . . 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 2044. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p- 781. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1804, v. p. 198. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischtn Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 305. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xvii. p. 491. 
 
 magazine and in one or two unsavoury novels. 
 His reports on the affairs of others led to their 
 interference with his personal comfort, but Hill 
 seems to have been pachydermatous both in body 
 and mind, and a drubbing did not stop him 
 grubbing. 
 
 Among his voluminous productions there is 
 hardly anything on chemistry and not much on 
 pharmacy. The only place in which he displays 
 some knowledge of the former subject is in the 
 notes which he added to his translation of Theo- 
 phrastus. That work was published at London in 
 1746, 8, pp. xxiii. [i blank], 211 [i]. It is of 
 interest as being the only translation in English, 
 and it has become rare. Hill's book was turned 
 into French, and published, but without the Greek 
 text, at Paris, 1754, large I2mo, pp. xxiv. 287 [i 
 blank], and into German by A. H. Baumgartner, 
 Nurnberg, 1770, 8. 
 
 Hill died of gout at his residence in Golden 
 Square, 22 Nov., 1775. 
 
 Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 190. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, i. 496 z. 
 
 Weld, A History of the Royal Society, 1848, i. 
 p. 484 (Hill's reviews of the works of the Royal 
 Society). 
 
 Allibone, A Critical Dictionary of English 
 Literature, 1859, i. p. 846. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1104. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p. 211 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1902, vii. p. 115. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1891, xxvi. 
 P- 397- 
 
 HILTEBRANDT (GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS). 
 
 Neu-Eroffneter Anmuthiger Bilder Schatz, inn Theologischen, Moralischen 
 Historischen, Politischen, Chim- und Alchimistischen. Erlauterungen, Allen 
 Sinn- und Weifsheit Liebenden zur Lustigen Beschawung, und Gemiiths- 
 Ergotzung, mit Allerhand Zierlichen Denckwiirdigen Spriichen, kurtz verfasten 
 beliebigen Historien und Gleichiissen, mit besonderm Fleifs, und ohngesparter 
 Miihe vorgestellt, durch Gustavum Adolphum Hiltebrandt, Franckfurt, In 
 Verlegung, Ludwig Bourgeat, Universitet Buch-Fuhrern, In Mayntz, Im Jahr, 
 1674. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 410. Title red and black. 100 emblems in the text. This is a col- 
 lection of emblems, and does not treat of alchemy. 
 
 HIPPODAMUS (JOHANNES). 
 
 See PENOTUS (BERNARD G.), Theophrastisch Vade-Mecum, 1596 and 1597. 
 See also HOPPODAMUS (JOHANNES). 
 
 HIRSCHING (WILHELM SIMON CHRISTIAN). 
 
 Versuch Physicalisch-Chymischer Lehrbegriffe zu moglicher Prufung des 
 Wesens, des Bestandnisses, und der Wirkungsart des so beriichtigten 
 Metallverwandelnden Meisterstiickes und dessen vorgeblicher Nutzanwendung 
 
HIRSCHING HJARNE 407 
 
 HIRSCHING (WILHELM SIMON CHRISTIAN). Continued. 
 
 zu einem allgemeinen Genefsmittel in Absicht einiger Vergniigung einer 
 Natur- und Grundforschenden Wifsbegierde entworfen von W. S. C. Hirsching 
 Der Arzneygelahrheit Doctorn und Practice in der Kaiserlichen Reichstadt 
 Windsheim. Leipzig verlegts Carl Ludwig Jacobi 1754. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 488. [16]. 
 
 A defence of alchemy on a priori grounds as well and proceeded to Erlangen, and finally to Jena 
 
 as by instances of actual transmutation. In the where he took the degree of M.D. in 1747. He 
 
 first chapter reference is made to Giistenhoffer, then practised in Windsheim, in 1751 became 
 
 Thurneysser, and his gold-iron nail, Dienheim and physician at Maynbernheim and in 1760 of the 
 
 Seton, Cornelius Martini whose arguments were superior bailiwicks of Uffenheim and Creylingen. 
 
 refuted by an experiment, Cajetano, and to the He died at Uffenheim, 18 May, 1770. 
 
 more recent case described by Burghardt, and to Besides the above he wrote : Dissertatio de 
 
 Wenzel Seller and Botticher. These are considered Anodynis stride sic dictis, Jena, 1747, 4 ; Kurze 
 
 undeniable evidence. Afterwards the composition Nachricht von einem ohnweit Windsheim auf dem 
 
 of the metals is discussed, and their alchemical Gipfel des sogenannten Kehreberges hervorquel- 
 
 elements : sulphur and mercury. lenden sehr nutzlichen Gesundbrunnen zum 
 
 Hirsching was born at Windsheim, 6 Feb. , 1726. Unterricht derer, so sich dessen in Zukunft be- 
 
 He was sent in 1743 to the newly-founded university dienen wollen, Rothenburg, 1752, 4, besides 
 
 at Baireuth, but stayed there only for a short time memoirs in Delius' Frankische Sammlungen. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 1782, p. 99. Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 326, 25), v. p. 230. 
 
 334. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der von 1750 bis 1800 verstor- 568. 
 
 benen teutschen Schriftsteller, 1805, v. p. 541. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, worterbuch, 1863, i. col. mo. 
 1806-08, p. 315. 
 
 HISTOIRE de la Philosophic Hermetique. 1742. 
 
 See LENGLET DUFRESNOY (NICOLAS). 
 
 HISTORIOLA antiqua de Argento in aurum verso. 
 
 See G*RATAROLO (GUGLIELMO), Verae Alchemise . . . doctrina, 1561, ii. p. 252. 
 
 HJARNE (URBAN). 
 
 Urbani Hierne quondam Gubernatoris Provincialis Honorarii, Archiatr. Reg. 
 et Praesid. Reg. Coll. Med. &c. Actorum Chemicorum Holmiensium, Tomus 
 Primus. Hoc est, Parasceue sive Praeparatio ad Tentamina, in Reg. Labora- 
 torio Holmiensi peracta, ut et Compendiosa Manuductio ad Elementa et 
 Principia Chemica rite investiganga (sic), cum Annotationibus Joh. Gotschalk 
 Wallerii Phil, et Med. Doct. Chem. Metallurg. ac Pharmaceut. Profess. 
 Reg. et Ord. Acad. Imper. N. C. ac Reg. Acad. Stockholm. Soc. 
 Stockholmiae, Typis et Impensis Laur. Salvii, 1753. 
 
 8. Pp. xviii. [2] 283. Index> &c. [8, i blank]. Frontispiece. 2 plates. 
 
 . . . Tentaminum Chemicorum . . . Tomus Secundus. Nunc primum in lucem 
 editorum, cum Annotationibus. . . . 
 
 Cum Privilegio S. R. M:tis Suecias & S. R. M:tis Polonicae ac Electoris Saxon. . . . 
 
 Pp. xi. [i] 194 [10]. Editions appeared in 1706, 1712, 8. 
 
 Hjarne was born at Sqvoritz, Ingennanland, in much distinction on account of the reputation 
 
 Sweden, 20 Dec., 1641, of good family. After he had acquired especially in chemistry. He was 
 
 studying medicine at Upsala, where he sustained a appointed premier physician to the King, president 
 
 thesis in 1662, he went to London and was admitted of the Medical Council, director of the Royal 
 
 to the Royal Society, 2 Dec., 1669, proceeded to Laboratory which he had succeeded in getting 
 
 Paris and devoted two years to the study of established in Stockholm and in which he did 
 
 anatomy, physics and chemistry, and is said to much investigation. In order to familiarize himself 
 
 have taken the degree of M.D. at Angers. On his with the best metallurgical processes he made two 
 
 return to his own country he was received with visits to Germany, and was afterwards made vice- 
 
4o8 
 
 HJARNE HOFFMANN 
 
 HJARNE (URBAN). Continued. 
 
 president of the Council for Mines. He was a 
 member of the Commission appointed by Charles 
 XT!, to examine the validity of the process by 
 which Paykull professed to convert lead into gold, 
 and of the reality of which he seemed to be con- 
 vinced. 
 
 After a long and laborious career he died 22 
 March, 1724, at Stockholm, aged 83. 
 
 Ada Lipsiensia, 1684, p. 79 (review of the 
 analysis of mineral waters) ; 1714, p. 128 (review 
 of the Ada et Tentamina). 
 
 Moller, Bibliotheca Septentrionis eruditi, Hamb. 
 & Lips., 1699, pp. 238, 429. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 224. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Afedicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 686, 688 (reprints from Ada Lipsi- 
 ensia). 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 599, 601. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 400. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten -Lex icon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1585. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 137. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 492. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 522. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, "' 
 
 P- 375- 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 1782, p. 34. 
 
 Carrere, Catalogue . . . des Ouvrages . . . sur 
 les eaux minerales, 1785, pp. 82, 83 (calls him 
 Antoine-Urbain Hiarna). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 118. 
 
 Hjarne is known by his observations on formic 
 acid, nickel, increase of weight by calcination, 
 ammonia from the distillation of plants, mineral 
 waters. He was a voluminous author, and a list 
 of his writings is given by Eloy and in the Swedish 
 biographical dictionary. 
 
 In his honour a medal was struck for what he 
 had done for the natural history, metallurgy, 
 language and poetry of his native country. 
 
 (his chemical knowledge), 119, 350 (antiseptic 
 ' balsam ' for preserving wood and dead bodies). 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium ComtnentatioHum, iii. 
 (Chemia et Res Metallica), 1803, p. 134. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litterattir, 
 1806-08, pp. 150, 216. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 Appendix iv. p. xxvi. 
 
 Biographie Me'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 1 86. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 
 PP- 547. 55. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 506. 
 
 Biographiskt Lexicon ofver Namnknnnige Sven- 
 ska Man, Upsala, 1840, vi. pp. 157-167 (and 
 references). 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 305 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 296. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 19 
 (life), 61, loo ; 1845, iii. pp. 9, 42, 126 ; 1847, iv. 
 pp. 157, 363. 
 
 Kluyskens, Des Homines ctlebres dans les 
 sciences et les arts et des Midailles qui consacrent 
 leur Souvenir, 1859, ii. p. 33. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 193. 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme Se'rie, 1888, xiv. p. 181. 
 
 HOCHZEIT. 
 
 See ROSENCREUTZ (CHRISTIAN), Chymische Hochzeit. 
 
 HOFFMANN (FRIEDRICH). 
 
 Friderici Hofmanni Frid. Fil. Med. Doct. Mind. Exercitatio Medico-Chymica 
 de Cinnabari Antimonii, ejusque eximiis Viribus, usuque in morbis secretiori, 
 quo ipso via ex ilia veram panaceam conficiendi aperitur. Adjecta sunt 
 Experiments, ac Ratiocinia varia curiosa. Lugduni Batavorum, Apud 
 Petrum Vander Aa, Bibliopolam, 1685. 
 
 12. Pp. [i-io, engraved title included] 11-157 [2, i blank]. [4. adv.], 
 
 Friderici Hoffmanni, Professoris & Medici Elect. Brandenb. Demonstrationes 
 Physicae Curiosse, Experimentis et Observationibus Mechanicis ac Chymicis 
 Illustrate. Halae Magdeburgicae, Apud Christoph. Andream Zeitlerum, 
 Acad. Typog. Anno MDCC. 
 
 4- Pp. 56. 
 
 Friderici Hoffmanni Dissertationum Physico-Chymicarum denuo recusarum 
 Trias quarum Prima de Generatione Salium Secunda de Analyst Chymico- 
 Medica Reguli Antimonii Medicinalis Tertia de Mercurio et Medicamentis 
 Mercurialibus Selectis agit Halae Magdeburgicae Sumptibus loh. Christo- 
 phori Krebsii Im Durchgang des Neuen Rathhauses M DCC XXIX. 
 
 4 . Pp. 96. 
 
HOFFMANN 
 
 409 
 
 HOFFMANN (FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Friderici Hoffmanni Consiliarii, Medici et Professoris Regii, Societatis Regiae 
 Britannicse Sodalis, Observationum Physico-Chymicarum Selectiorum Libri 
 III. In quibus multa curiosa Experimenta, et lectissimae virtutis Medi- 
 camenta exhibentur, ad solidam, & rationalem chymiam stabiliendam 
 prsemissi. Venetiis, M DCC XL. Apud Sebastianum Coleti. Superiorum 
 Permissu, ac Privilegio. 
 
 4. Pp. [16] 192 misprinted 292. 
 
 Vom Wasser als Universalmedizin. 
 
 See OERTEL, Universal-Wasserdoktor. No date. 
 
 Petri Poterii Opera Omnia . . . cum Annotationibus et Additamentis . . . 
 Friderici Hoffmanni. 
 See POTERIUS (PETRUS), Opera Omnia, 1698. 
 
 Hoffmann, one of the most distinguished phy- 
 sicians of the i7ih-i8th century, was born at Halle, 
 19 Feb., 1660. His parents were able to give him 
 an excellent education, and at the age of 13 he 
 began the study of Latin. After his father's death 
 in 1675 he began his course in Arts and graduated 
 in 1678. He then commenced the study of medi- 
 cine at Jena under Wolfgang Wedel, in 1680 he 
 passed to Erfurt and was taught chemistry by 
 Casper Cramer, and received the degree of doctor 
 5 Feb., 1681, on which occasion he wrote his thesis 
 ' De Cinnabari Antimonii.' On account of the 
 skilful exposition and knowledge of chemistry it 
 displayed, the dissertation was highly commended, 
 and in consequence a course of chemistry which he 
 gave attracted a large audience. 
 
 He next went to Minden, in Westphalia, where 
 he practised medicine most successfully. After a 
 couple of years he proceeded to Holland, and 
 passed over to England, stopping in London and 
 Oxford. At Minden in 1685 he had been appointed 
 physician to the fortress, but in addition Frederick 
 William, Elector of Brandenburg, made him not 
 only physician to the principality, but private phy- 
 sician as well. In 1688 he was at Halberstadt, 
 where he again distinguished himself, and wrote a 
 dissertation ' De insufficientia acidi et viscidi,' in 
 which he controverted the views of Cornelius 
 Bontekoe. 
 
 When Frederick III., Elector of Brandenburg 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mediconim, 
 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 716-732, with a portrait. (Contains 
 reprints of reviews. ) 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic des Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 370 (Life) & passim. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromes Bibliothecee metalliccc, 
 
 1732, i. p. 72. 
 
 Ada Physico-Medica Academies . . . Natures 
 Curiosorum, 1744, vii., Appendix, pp. 269-302. 
 
 Biichner, Academies . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, 1755, p. 482, No. 225. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 
 1755. P- S 2 I 177.8, ii. p. 546. 
 
 Georgius Matthice, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologic us, 1761, p. 789. 
 
 Portal, Histoiredel Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. pp. 181-184. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 733- 
 
 735- 
 
 rlaller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 531. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. 
 
 and first king of Prussia, founded the University 01 
 Halle, about 1689, Hoffmann was appointed Prim- 
 arius professor of Medicine in 1693, and drew up 
 the Statutes of the Faculty. 
 
 Honours and distinctions began to come to him. 
 He was elected a member of the Leopoldine 
 Academia Natune Curiosorum, member of the 
 Berlin and St. Petersburg Academies, and Fellow 
 of the Royal Society. He was in great request at 
 various Courts for his advice and skill, and the 
 king brought him to the Court in 1708 as his 
 physician, but Hoffmann did not care for the posi- 
 tion and in January, 1712, returned to Halle. 
 
 In 1734 when on a visit to his daughter and son- 
 in-law in Berlin, he had to undertake the cure of 
 the King who was suffering from the effects of his 
 campaign on the Rhine, and in this he succeeded 
 at the end of five months. He left in April, 1735. 
 
 His wife died in 1737, and the year following he 
 was seized by a violent fever from which, however, 
 he recovered. His death took place on 12 Nov., 
 1742. A fine portrait of him is prefixed to his 
 edition of Poterius' works. 
 
 His writings refer almost entirely to medicine, 
 and were chiefly in the form of academic disserta- 
 tions, of which he wrote a prodigious number. A 
 few, however, refer to pharmacy and to mineral 
 springs. His collected works fill in the Geneva 
 edition, 1740-1760, n vols. folio; Naples, 1753, 25 
 vols. 4 ; 1763, 27 vols. 4 ; Venice, 1745, 17 vols. 4. 
 
 pp. 536-574 (says he was born at Klausthal in the 
 Harz). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 32. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . 
 Jochers allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 
 2056. ( List of his dissertations and works. ) 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 33, 
 &c. , &c. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 448. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1804, v. p. 222. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratiir, 
 1806-08, pp. 194, 201-4, 219, 228, 239, 253, 255. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xviii. p. 37. 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xviii. sub voce. 
 
 Biographic Me'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 239. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 pp. 403-405 ; 1828, v. pp. 254-281, & passim. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la M6dt- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 207. 
 
HOFFMANN 
 
 HOFFMANN (FRIEDRICH). Continued. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Ckimie, 1843, ii. pp. 232- 
 242, 245, 251 ; 1869, ii. pp. 224-234, 237, 243. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichtc der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 193- 
 196, & passim. 
 
 Morwitz, Geschichte der Medicin, 1849, ii. p. 231. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mddicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 102. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1122. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1880, xii. pp. 
 584-88 (article by Hirsch). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 509, 
 &c., &c. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lcxikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. 
 p. 238 (article by Pagel). 
 
 Dictionnaire Encyclopfdique des Sciences .\I6di- 
 cales, 4eme Se>ie, 1888, xiv. p. 187. 
 
 HOFFMANN QOHANN MORITZ). 
 
 Johannis Mauricii Hoffmanni, Serenissimi Marchionis Onoldo-Brandenburgici 
 Consiliarii Aulici & Archiatri Primarii, Antehac Vniversitatis Altdorfinae 
 Senioris & Facultatis Medicae Profess. Publici, Academiae Leopoldino-Carolino 
 Caesareae Naturae Curiosorum Adjuncti, Heliodorus dicti. Acta Laboratorii 
 Chemici Altdorfini, Chemiae fundamenta, operationes praecipuas & tentamina 
 curiosa, ratione & experientia suffulta, complectentia. Norimbergae et 
 
 Altdorfii, Apud Haeredes Job. Dan. Tauberi. Anno M DCC XIX. 
 
 4. Pp. [6] 288. Title red and black. Auctuarium 54. Advertisements [2]. 
 Index etc. 12. 
 
 The Auctuarium has a separate title-page : 
 
 Auctuarium Notas, Observations, et Experimenta ad Actorum Sect. I. Declara- 
 tionem ulteriorem necessaria una cum Programmate invitatoria ad Inaugurationem 
 Laboratorii Chemici Altdorfini praemisso et Monumento ad memoriam posteritatis 
 publice erecto ac Indice Rerum ac Verborum exhibens. Norimbergae & Altdorfii. 
 Apud Hseredes Joh. Dan. Tauberi. Anno MDCCXIX. 
 
 Johann Moritz Hoffmann, son of Moritz, was 
 born at Altorf, 6 Oct., 1653 (1652, Buchner). He 
 studied Latin and Greek at Herspruck in Fran- 
 conia, and medicine at Altorf and Frankfurt a. d. O. 
 He then departed to Padua, spent two years in 
 Italy, and returned home in 1674. He resumed 
 his studies at Altorf and graduated M.D. in 1675. 
 In 1677 he was appointed extraordinary, and in 
 1681 ordinary professor of Anatomy, and of Chem- 
 istry in 1682. In the laboratory which was erected 
 by the urgent pressure of his father he gave courses. 
 He also gave lectures on botany. In 1709 he 
 resigned the Chair of Anatomy and held that of 
 practice of Medicine until his departure to the 
 Court of Anspach. 
 
 In 1684, under the name of Heliodorus II. he 
 entered the Leopoldine Academy, and on the death 
 of Lochner in 1721 became Director, an office 
 which carried with it a number of titles. 
 
 Jo. Jac. Baier, Biographies professorum Medicince, 
 qui in Academia Altorfina unquam vixerunt, 1728, 
 p. 129. 
 
 Virorum Clarissimorum ad Schelhammerum 
 epistolcs selections, Epist. ix. p. 130. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 732-743. (Reviews of his works and 
 extracts from them. ) 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 304, 369, 796-7. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallica;, 
 
 1732, P- 73- 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 409. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, n. 
 col. 1659. 
 
 Buchner, Academia; . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 HistoHa, 1755, p. 473, No. 121. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 
 I75& ii- P- 59 I 1778, ii. p. 544- 
 
 His skill as a physician made him much sought 
 after by distinguished people and especially the 
 princes of the house of Anspach. In two journeys 
 to Italy in 1695 and 1701 he accompanied the 
 representative of the house, and he was invited to 
 reside at the Court. But his attachment to the 
 University of Altorf, was so great that it was not 
 till 1713 that he accepted the invitation and re- 
 moved to Anspach. He died there 31 Oct., 1727, 
 aged 74. 
 
 His writings are chiefly anatomical and physio- 
 logical, but besides the above he wrote : Labora- 
 torium novum chemicum apertum medicinae 
 cultoribus, Altorf, 1683, and chemical papers in 
 the Acta of the Leopoldine Academy for 1688, 
 1691, 1694, 1697-98. He was the first professor of 
 chemistry at Altorf. 
 
 Georgius Matthire, Conspectus Historice Medi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 777. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I ' Anatomie etdc la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. p. 75, & passim. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Bolanica, 1771, i. p. 635. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 451. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 637- 
 639. ('Professor Altdorfinus, vir eruditus, neque 
 ab anatome alienus'). 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, 
 iii. p. 372. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca chemica, 1782, p. 31. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 133, 
 235, 245. 257. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 447. 
 
 Reuss, Repertorium Comimntationum, 1803, iii. 
 (Chemia et Res Metallica}, pp. 44, 48, 68, 134. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 188, 199, 205, 211. 
 
HOFFMANN HOHELANDE 411 
 
 HOFFMANN QOHANN MORITZ). Continued. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- 
 
 1814, xviii. p. 36. cine, 1836, III. i. p. 225. 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xviii. sub voce. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- p. 55. 
 
 25), v. p. 261. Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykiinde, 1828, v. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1122. 
 p. 486. 
 
 HOGHELANDE (THEOBALD VON). 
 
 Merces Alchimistarum, in singulari & plurali numero. Das ist : Artliche 
 Schulfiihrung vnd Vnterweisung, wie ein filius doctrinae, der sich je nicht 
 wil warnen lassen, mit geringen, in effectu, Experimeten vnd leichtem 
 Fewer, sein Haufs vnd Hoff, vnd alles was er hat, verdistilliren, so wol 
 auch mit prachtigem Gutschenfahren vnnd bin vnd wider reiten, seine 
 Fiifs caute versparen konne, dafs er im Alter desto besser moge zu Fufs 
 lauffen. Alles in praxi, auff gerathwol experimentirt, vnd nach hinweg- 
 raumung defs serui fugitiui, gar genaw calculirt, auch mit Melancholischem 
 Ohrenkratzen getrewlich summirt, vnd durch einen mit Schaden erfahrnen 
 Laboranten, (qui frustra melius eras fore semper ait, seramq; adeb nunc 
 in fundo quaerit parsimoniam,) Cabalistisch auffgezeichnet, an jetzo aber 
 gantz verstandlich an Tag geben durch Theobaldum von Hohenland, 
 Mittelburgensem. Getruckt zu Franckfurt am Mayn bey Wolffgang 
 Richtern, in Verlegung Egenolff Emmels, Im Jahr M.DC.X. 
 
 4. Pp. [32] 179 [i blank]. Vignette with the motto : Ora Labora et Fruere. 
 
 Theobald van Hoghelande aus Mittelburg, Abhandlung von denen Hinder- 
 nissen bey der Alchimie. Darin gezeiget wird, was ein Liebhaber dieser 
 Kunst zu wissen, und zu meiden hat, wenn er zur Vollkommenheit gelangen 
 will. Aus dem Lateinischen in das Deutsche iibersetzet. Gotha, Verlegts 
 Christian Mevius, 1749. 
 
 8. Pp. [30] 176. Title red and black. 
 
 De Alchemiae difficultatibus Liber. 
 
 See THEATRUiM CHEMICUM, 1659, i. p. 109. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 336. 
 
 HOHELANDE (EWALD VON). 
 
 Kurtzer bericht vnd klarer beweifs, das die Alchimey, oder, wie sie sonsten 
 gemeinlich genant, die Goldmacherkunst, ein sonderbar geschenck Gottes, 
 vnd derwegen mehr als gewifs vnd warhafftig. Von dem edlen vnd 
 hocherfahrnen Ewald von Hohelande beschrieben. In deutsch vorsetzt 
 durch I. T. P. D., 1604. Leipzig, In Verlegung Jacob Apels. 
 
 8. Pp. 88. Vignette of Jacob wrestling with the angel. 
 
 The translator of the above is Joachim Tancke. transmutation. In dealing with this simple matter 
 
 It was written by Ewald von Hohelande, from Schmieder has made confusion. He places (p. 361) 
 
 Middelburg, to his brother Johann von Hohelande the work under Theobald von Hoghelande but he 
 
 to convince him of the truth of Alchemical Art, states (p. 340) that it was dedicated by him to his 
 
 which he does by describing certain histories of brother Ewald, which is doubly wrong. 
 
 See VOGEL (EWALD). 
 
 Some writers identify Theobald and Ewald von assumption that they are the same Theobald is 
 
 Hohelande or Hoghelande from Middelburg in regarded as a writer who having first written 
 
 Seeland, while others keep them distinct. Ewald against alchemy afterwards brought forward evi- 
 
 is also identified with Ewald Vogel. On the dence in support of it. 
 
412 HOHELANDEHOLLANDUS 
 
 HOHELANDE (EWALD VON). Continued. 
 
 The first work was entitled : De Alchemize The third : Merces Alchyniistarum, 1610, as 
 
 difficultatibus ... in quo docetur quid scire above, is the same as the first tract, though with a 
 
 quidque vitare debeat verns Chymiae studiosus ad different title ; but the running title is : Von den 
 
 perfectionem adspirans, Coloniae, 1594, 8, pp. Irrwegen der Alchimisten. 
 
 [29] 1-30, 30 bis, 31-165 [i blank]. A German I am inclined to doubt the identity of Theobald 
 
 translation : Von den Irrwegen der Alchemisten, and Ewald von Hoghelande. La Rue, quoted by 
 
 appeared at Frankfurt a. M., 1600, 4 ; and the Van der Aa, calls him a learned philosopher and 
 
 above edition of 1749. chemist who passed under the fictitious name of 
 
 The second : Historias aliquot transmutationis Ewald Vogel, Morhof had made the same obser- 
 
 Metallicae pro defensione Alchymirc contra hostium vation, and Konig repeated it: ficto nomine 
 
 rabiem adjecta est Lullii vita, et alia quaedam, Ewaldum Vogelium sese vocare solet. 
 Colonias, 1604, 8. German translation as above, 
 1604. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 
 1637, p. 445- 1778, ". p. 551- 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 119. Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 91. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum transmutationc . . . Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 cpistola, 1673, p. 141. pp. 548, 570, 580, 584, 594. 
 
 Konig, Bibliotheca vet us et nova, 1678, p. 408. Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 993. der Rosenkreuzer, 1787, ii. p. 68. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 309 
 
 1697, p. 32, No. xlix. (calls the author Ewald or Theobald). 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der Fuchs, Repertorium der cliemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 123 (put in the black list 1806-08, p. 95. 
 
 because he wrote without doing any good). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 339, 360. 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. 745. Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 134 ; 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 1869, ii. p. 129. 
 
 Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 474 ; iii. p. 188. Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 
 Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. Nederlanden, 1867, VIII. ii. p. 966. 
 
 col. 1666 (distinguishes between Ewald and Theo- Ladrague.BiMiotAfyueOuvarof, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 bald). 1870, Nos. 547-548. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 94. 
 
 HOLLANDUS (ISAAC). 
 
 Isaac! Holland! sonst auch Flandri genannt. Curieuse und rare Chymische 
 Operationes, worinnen nicht allein einige bifshero unbekannte Geheimnisse 
 die rechte Universal-Tinctur zu erlangen, angezeigt; besondern das Funda- 
 ment aller solcher Operationen, so in Ausziehung des Saltz und Oels aus 
 denen Mineris bestehet, auf eine gar deutliche Weise gezeiget wird. Allen 
 Liebhabern der Chymie zu ihrer theils besondern Warnung weitlaufftige 
 und betriigliche Wege zu meiden, theils zu einer griindlichen Manuduction 
 diese treffliche Erkanntnifs rechtschaffen zu erlernen, aus einem alten 
 Autographo MSCto des Autoris heraus gegeben von R. H. C. Leipzig 
 
 und Gardeleben, In Verlegung Ernst Heinrich Campen, privilegirten Buch- 
 handler der alten Marck, 1714. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 400. Title red and black. Curious little woodcuts of apparatus in 
 the text. 
 
 Fragmentum de opere Philosophorum. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, ii. p. 126. 
 
 De Salibus et Oleis Metallorum. 
 
 See STAHL (GEORG ERNST), Fundamenta Chymice, 1746, i. p. 237. 
 
 HOLLANDUS QOHANN ISAAC). 
 
 Magistri loannis Isaaci Hollandi, Viri in Philosophia, potissimum verb in 
 Chymia celeberrimi, Opera Mineralia, siue de Lapide Philosophico, omnia, 
 duobus libris comprehensa. Nunquam antehac edita, ac nunc primum 
 
HOLLAND US 413 
 
 HOLLANDUS QOHANN ISAAC). Continued. 
 
 ex optimis manu-scriptis Teutonicis exemplaribus fidelissime in Latinum 
 sermonem translata, a P. M. G. Middelburgi, Excudebat Richardus 
 Schilders, Ordinum Zelandiae Typographus. 1600. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 431 [i blank]. Curious little woodcuts in the text. 
 
 Defs weit und breit beriihmten Johannis Isaci (sic) Holland! Geheimer und bifs 
 dato verborgen gehaltener trefflicher Tractat, von ihm genannt : Die Hand 
 der Philosophen, mit ihren verborgenen Zeichen. Wie auch desselben Opus 
 Saturni mit Annotationibus. Item : Opera Vegatabilia (sic) so viel davon 
 bifs dato hat konnen erforschet werden. Mit grosser Miih und Fleifs 
 aufs erforscheten Niederlandischen Manuscriptis verhochdeutschet, nebenst 
 fleissigster Nachreissung aller darin enthaltenen Figuren. Von einem geiibten 
 Liebhaber der Hermetischen Philosophy. Dabey mit angehenckt worden 
 ein zwar kleiner, aber iiberaufs herrlicher Tractat so von Michaelis Sendivogii 
 Diener herkomt, un ohn Zweiffel vom Hn. Sendivogio selber gestellet worden, 
 darin der Grund der Metallischen melioration mit Fingern gleichsam gezeiget 
 wird. Franckfurt, In Verlegung Thomse Matthias Gotzens. M DCLXIVI. 
 
 8. Pp. 384 (317-8 omitted). 12 engravings. 16 woodcuts. The date seems to 
 be a misprint for MDCLXVII. 
 
 The tract (pp. 317-381) by ' Sendivogius' servant ' has the following title-page : 
 
 Ein iiberaufs kostlicher Philosoph. Tractat von denn Irrgangen der Alchymisten 
 und Aufsfiihrung von denselben. Darin den rechtschaffenen Filiis Doctrinae die Irrsalen 
 der gemeinen Alchymisten und Procefs-Drescher fur Augen gestellet, und sie gleichsam 
 bey der Hand daraufs geleitet, und auffs treulichste in der Geba'hrung der Natur, in 
 alien drey Reichen, Als dem Animalischen, Vegetabilischen und Mineralischen unter- 
 richtet werden, nebenst Vormahlung mit lebendigen Farben, wie die Philosophische 
 Tinctur und auch der Metallen Particular- Verbesserung zu erlernen und anzustellen 
 sey ; Und kombt dieser guldene Tractat von Herrn Michaelis Sendivogii Diener, 
 dessen Author ohn Zweiffel Herr Sendivogius selber ist. Publiciret durch obgemeldten 
 Liebhaber. Anno M. DC. LX VI I. 
 
 The ' Philosophical Hand,' engraving and name, of the title ' Sendivogii Diener,' in the Joregoing 
 was adopted by a certain Justus Simplicius Hortu- tract, although Hautnorthon usually calls himself 
 lanus for a tract on the philosopher's stone, which ' Filius ' or ' Sohn Sendivogii.' 
 see. The difference is that while Hollandus uses There is an English translation entitled : Certaine 
 certain pictorial symbols of his own in the engrav- Secrets of Isacke Hollandus concerning the Vegetall 
 ing, he gives the ordinary chemical symbols for the and Animall ivorke, which was printed with Para- 
 salts intended in the text, and it is these which are celsus' A hundred and foureteene Experiments 
 used by Hortulanus. and Cures, . . . London, 1596, pp. 32-54 ; and also 
 
 According to Roth-Scholtz the Opus Vegetabile in Three exact Pieces of Leonard Phioravant, , . . 
 
 appeared in 1659. It was printed again in 1695, London, 1652. 
 
 8, pp. 144, edited by 'John Sendivogii genannt The tract by 'Sendivogius' servant ' is not to be 
 
 J. F. H. S. ,' that is J. F. Hautnorthon, or Johann confused with that by von Hoghelande bearing the 
 
 Harprecht. That also may be the interpretation same name. 
 
 Sammlung unterschiedlicher bewahrter Chymischer Schriften, namentlich : 
 Joh. Ifaaci Holland! Hand der Philofophen, Opus Saturni, Opera Vegetabilia, 
 Opus Minerale, Cabala, de Lapide Philofophico, Nebst einem Tractat von 
 den Irrgangen derer Alchymiften, Auctoris incerti, neue und verbesserte 
 Auflage, mit gehorigem Fleise iibersehen, und mit einem Verzeichniis derer 
 in jeglichem Tractat befindlichen wichtigsten Materien vermehret wie auch 
 mit nothigen Kupffern gezieret. Wien In Verlag bey Joh. Paul Kraufs, 
 Buchhandler, 1746. 
 
 8. Pp. [32] 762. 129-138 dropped, and 224-5 doubled. Title red and black. 
 Woodcuts in the text. 16 plates, separate. 
 
414 
 
 HOLLAND US 
 
 HOLLANDUS QOHANN ISAAC). Continued. 
 
 This is a reprint of the edition of 1667 and contains the tracts as follows : 
 
 Die Hand der Philosophen, with the plates, pp. 
 11-94. 
 
 Ein elixir zu machen von Urin, pp. 95-112. 
 
 Die andere Art der Alchymie, oder das grosse 
 Elixir, pp. 112-119. 
 
 Die dritte Art der Alchymie, Ixir genannt, pp. 
 119-120. 
 
 Opus Saturni, pp. 121-172. 
 
 Opera Vegetabilia, pp. 173-333. 
 
 Ein vortrefflicher philosophischer Tractat von 
 den Irrgangen derer Alchymisten, pp. 335-400. 
 
 Opus Minerale, pp. 401-562. 
 
 Anhang eines Fragmenti von der Cabala, pp. 
 563-580. 
 
 Tractatus de Lapide Philosophico, oder vom 
 Stein der Weisen, pp. 581-762. 
 
 Fragmentum ex Theorijs. 
 
 See TRACTATUS duo Chemici, 1647, p. 33. 
 
 See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 513. 
 
 This was translated into English with the title : 
 A Fragment out of the Theorickes of Is. Iscaacus 
 (sic) Hollandus, and published with Paracelsus' A 
 hundred and foureteene Experiments and Cures, 
 
 London, 1596, p. 28, and again along with Three 
 exact Pieces of Leonard Phioravant . . . London, 
 1652. 
 
 Opera Mineralia, sive de Lapide Philosophico omnia. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1659, Hi. p. 304. 
 
 Opus Saturni. 
 
 See BASILIUS VALENTINUS, Triumphwagen Antimonii, 1624, p. 465. 
 
 This tract is contained in the reprint of this edition of Basilius Valentinus, 
 Niirnberg, 1676, p. 362. 
 
 The English translation of the 'Opus Saturni' Basilius Valentinus' Of Natural and Supernatural 
 was made by Daniel Cable and printed along with Things, London, 1671, small 8, p. 182. 
 
 Tractatus de Urina. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 566. 
 
 Little seems to be known about the persons 
 called Hollandus. By most authorities Isaac is 
 regarded as the father and John Isaac as the son, 
 but Mangel inverts this and calls John Isaac the 
 father and Isaac the son. Boerhaave says they 
 were natives of Stolk, and Van der Aa of Stolk- 
 wijk in Krimpenaarwaard. Schmieder gives reasons 
 for believing that they lived early in the fifteenth 
 century, and Van der Aa says that the younger 
 Hollandus lived about 1440 ; others (such as 
 Sweertius, A thence Belgices, Antw. 1628) put them 
 at the end of the sixteenth century, or even, as 
 Bergmann does, at the beginning of the seventeenth. 
 Neri, when about to describe a paste to imitate 
 gems, says he took it when he was in Flanders from 
 Isaac Hollandus. Now though Neri was there in 
 all likelihood towards the end of the sixteenth or in 
 the early years of the seventeenth century, his 
 words hardly imply that Hollandus was alive at 
 that time, and that Neri got the process from him 
 direct. But there is no impossibility in it. 
 
 There is also such a want of unanimity in assign- 
 ing the writings to their respective authors, that 
 one is almost disposed to question whether instead 
 of two persons there may not have been one only. 
 
 Antonio Neri, L'Arte Vetraria, Firenze, 1612, 
 lib. v. cap. xci. p. 79. 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurea Menses, 1617, p. 263. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 283. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 126. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 621. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 29. 
 
 Keren Happuch, . . . Teatsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 66. 
 
 This seems to be the result arrived at by Ladrague 
 who enters all the writings under John Isaac, and 
 takes no notice of Isaac. 
 
 Borel and Gmelin, though both recognizing 
 father and son, make no attempt to sort the titles, 
 but put them under the authors conjointly. Leng- 
 let Dufresnoy, however, followed by Schmieder, 
 has made the attempt ; but comparison of their 
 allotment with the above titles, taken from the 
 books themselves, will show either that they have 
 confused the persons, or that in the copies they 
 consulted, the names of the authors were different 
 from what they are in the above. 
 
 The analogy of the writings to those of Basilius 
 Valentinus has been pointed out by some writers, 
 and Van der Aa, who takes the fifteenth century as 
 their time, goes the length of saying that not only 
 Paracelsus has whole passages which might have 
 been transcribed from Hollandus, but even Boyle 
 had got credit for what Hollandus had known 
 previously. 
 
 The writings which pass under their authorship 
 have been commended by Boerhaave, and Isaac is 
 said to have been skilful in enamelling and in 
 imitating precious stones. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 204 
 (Opus Vegetabile). 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum medicornm, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 745. 
 
 Boerhaave, Elementa C hernia, 1732, i. p. 18. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca; me tallies, 
 
 J73 2 . P- 74- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 231, 469 ; iii. p. 191. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1674, and col. 1992, under Isaac ( Johannes). 
 
HOLLA ND USHORLA CHER 
 
 415 
 
 HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC). Continued. 
 
 Boerhaave, Methodrts Studii Medici, 1751, i. 
 p. 142. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 95 ; Th. 
 ii. p. 77. (He considers the present work is not by 
 the " dear good innocent Hollandus. ") 
 
 Georgius Matthire, Conspectus Historite Medi- 
 c or um chronologic us, 1761, p. 117. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 85. 
 
 Torbern Bergmann, Hi si or ice Che mice medium 
 sen obscurum aevum, a media seculi rii. ad medium 
 seculi xvii., Upsaliae, 1782, p. 19, or Wiegleb's 
 translation in his Geschichte . . . der Chemie in der 
 iiltesten nnd mittlern Zeit, Berlin und Stettin, 1792, 
 p. 174. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785. 
 pp. 490, 584, 623. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 126- 
 129. 557- 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur , 
 1806-08, pp. 19-20. 
 
 Thomson, History of Chemistry, 1830, i. p. 43. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, pp. 
 210, 214. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 452 ; 
 1866, i. p. 477. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. p. 72, & 
 passim. 
 
 Figuier, LAlchimie el les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 pp. 15, 17, 83. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboeck der 
 Nederlanden, 1867, VIII. ii. p. 986 (and references). 
 
 \^aAra%\\e.,BibliothequeOiivaroff,Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 815-823. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 97 ; ii. pp. 173, 
 347. 35. S^S- 
 
 HOLLRIEDEN (JOHANN HEINRICH COCHEIM VON). 
 See COCHEIM (JOHANN HEINRICH) von Hollrieden. 
 
 Though this author's book is referred to at some ler writes his name Cocheim, Murr as above, Kloss 
 length by Semler and after him by Murr, nothing Kocbheim von Hellrieden, but in the book itself it 
 seems to be recorded about him personally. Sem- is Cocheim. 
 
 Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen svr Historie Kloss, Bibliographie der Frtimaurerei, 1844, 
 der Rosenkrettzer, 1787, ii. p. 159. No. 2616. 
 
 Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- 
 kreutter und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 63. 
 
 HONORTHON (JOHANN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 See HARPRECHT (JOHANN). 
 
 HOPPODAMUS (JOHANNES). 
 
 See ARN ALDUS de Villa Nova, 1748. 
 
 Hoppodamus is said to be a pseudonym of Johann Lange. See also HIPPODAMUS. 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 335. 
 
 HORING (MICHAEL). 
 
 See DORN (GERHARD), Theophrastische Practica, 1618. 
 
 Adelung presumes he belonged to Cnrinthia, for he wrote : Beschreibung des Landes Karnthen, 
 Leipzig, 1608, 8. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzitng und Ergiinzungen zit . . . Jochers allgemeinen Gelekrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. 
 col. 2141. 
 
 HORLACHER (CONRAD). 
 
 Bibliotheca Chemico-Curiosa, D. Mangeti enucleata ac illustrata. Das ist : 
 Kern und Stern, der vornehmsten Chymisch-Philosophischen Schrifften, die 
 in D. Mangeti Bibliotheca Chemico-Curiosa befindlich seynd. Welche mit 
 sonderbaren Anmerckungen allerseits erlautert, daraus auch die vornehmste 
 Chymische Denck-Spriiche und bewahrteste Experimenta excerpiret oder 
 kiirtzlich, jedoch aber mit sonderbarem nutzbringenden Fleifs zusammen- 
 getragen, auch also in drey Classes abgetheilet und heraus gegeben durch 
 Conrad. Horlachern, J. U. ac Med. D. & Cand. SS. Theol. Franckfurt, 
 Zufinden bey Wolffang Michahelles und Johann Adolph. 1707. 
 8. Pp. [36] 422 [24]. MS. notes in cipher. 
 
4i6 
 
 HORLA CHER HORN 
 
 HORLACHER (CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 Horlacher published books and papers, but 
 nothing is said about his life except that he was a 
 physician and chemist at Ulm at the end of the 
 seventeenth century. He edited Fabre's Hell- 
 scheinende Sonne, Niirnberg, 1705, 8, pp. [66] 
 304 [30, 2], frontispiece and six plates, the present 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 252 
 (cf. 139). 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1706. 
 
 Georgius Matthias, Conspectus Historic Medi- 
 corum chronologic-its, 1761, p. 880. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 748. 
 
 condensation of Mangel's Bibliotheca Ihe use of 
 which it is hard to see wrote Methodus Urino- 
 scopicB perfacilis et perspicua, Ulm, 1691, 12, and 
 against venesection and purgation, and on various 
 other medical topics. Haller styles him ' Helmonti- 
 anus Thraso,' which is not complimentary. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 507. 
 Bey t rag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 559- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practice, 1788, iv. 
 
 P- 79- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 
 269 ; 1798, ii. pp. 300-302, 480. 
 
 HORN (CASPAR). 
 
 See GEBER, 1 668. 
 
 See BERNHARD TRE VIS ANUS, 1746-7. 
 
 Caspar Horn was born at Freyherg in Misnia in 
 1583. At an early age he took a taste for medi- 
 cine, went to Wittenberg and studied under 
 Sennertus for six years. Then he went to Basel 
 and took the degree of M.D. in 1616. He returned 
 to Freyberg, spent a short time in Dresden, and in 
 1623 settled at Plauen in Thuringia as a physician 
 and practised there with such acceptance that, when 
 he left in 1633 for Freyberg, it was with great 
 
 Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 412. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 159. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicitm, 1688, sig. Fff 2, 
 recto. Ann. 1653. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 753. 
 
 Kestner, Afedicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 414. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon , 1750, ii. 
 col. 1707. 
 
 Ficluld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 78. 
 
 regrel on the part of the people. He continued in 
 practice at Freyberg for Iwenly years, and his death 
 in 1653, at the age of 70, was much lamented. 
 
 He does not seem lo have done any lilerary work 
 except this edition of Geber, and even it he did not 
 himself publish. 
 
 Konig, however, speaks 01 a Caspar Horn, 
 who, An. 1629, " librum de elephante evulgavit," 
 but they seem to be different. 
 
 Georgius Matthise, Conspectus Histories Medi- 
 corum chronologicns, 1761, p. 578. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 358, 
 370. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, 
 ii. pp. 458, 548, 606. (Ii is doublful if Ihe works 
 quoled are by Ihe above aulhor.) 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 561. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 289. 
 
 HORN (CHRISTOPHER). 
 
 De auro medico philosophorum Dialogus scholasticus. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66o, V. p. 869. 
 
 The above tracl appeared originally al Frankfurt, 
 1615, 8. He wrolealso : ' Horlulus medicus Hip- 
 pocralicus, spagyricus, Helmontianus,' Cassel, 
 1610, 4, but Haller gives the date 1601, and calls 
 
 Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 412. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 413, 587. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 599- 
 
 Ihe aulhor Christianus. To Christoph he assigns 
 a tracl ' De inflammalione hepalis,' Alldorf, 1630, 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung . . . zu , . . Jochcrs . . 
 Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 2142. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 516. 
 
 Biographie MMicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 289. 
 
 HORN (GEORG). 
 
 Medulla Alchimiae in aphorismos contracta ex Gebro desumpta. 
 
 See GEBER, 1668. 
 
 See GIN-iECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 
 
 George Horn was born in 1620 al Greussen 
 (Schwarzburg-Sondershausen) ; Wille calls him 
 ' palatinus,' Reimmann says of ' Kemnal in der 
 Ober-Pfallz.' 
 
 The Bohemian troubles drove him to Bayreuth, 
 he stopped for a time at Niirnberg, and went nexl 
 to Holland. At the Hague he became tutor to an 
 
 179. 
 
 English youth and accompanied him to England, 
 and during his residence declared himself in favour 
 of Protestantism. He returned to Holland to 
 occupy the chair of history, polilics, and geography 
 al Harderwick, and thence removed lo Leyden to 
 be professor of history, about 1648. In 1659 he 
 engaged in a controversy with Is. Vossius about 
 
HORNHORST 
 
 417 
 
 HORN (GEORG). Continued. 
 
 the age of the world, which Vossius thought was 
 understated according to the current chronologies. 
 He wrote a considerable number of books, and 
 in particular Area Mosis, sive Historia Mundi; a 
 curious little book, Area Note sive Historia Im- 
 periorum et Regnorum, a coiuiito orbe ad nostra 
 tempora ; Historic^ philosophise libri septem, 1655, 
 4, works on the history of England, Scotland, 
 and Ireland, on geography, etc. So far as I am 
 aware the above is his only separate writing on 
 alchemy, but he has spoken of it at some length 
 both in his Area Mosis and Historia philosophica. 
 
 Konig, Biblivtheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 412. 
 
 Freher, Theatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1066. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. Dddd 
 4 verso, Ann. 1670. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam Liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschtn, 1710, v. pp. 210, 362, 464, 
 542, 728, 813 (Area .Mosis). 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1714, i. p. 916 ; ii. pp. 4, 
 152, etc. 
 
 Acta Pliilosophorum, Halle, 1716, St. vi. pp. 
 1039-61 (review of his Historia Philosophica). 
 
 Under the name of Honorius Regius he wrote a 
 work in Latin on the state of the Church in 
 England, with an appendix containing the decrees 
 of the Synod of Glasgow against the bishops, 1647, 
 
 Horn was a man of wide reading and varied 
 knowledge, but fell into inaccuracies by depending 
 too much on his memory ; he could, however, put 
 his statements and ideas very tersely and exactly. 
 He is said to have lost 5000 florins through an 
 alchemist at the Hague. He died insane at the 
 age of 50, in 1670 at Leyden. 
 
 Stolle, Ankitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 1727, pp. 335. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 753. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1708. 
 
 Mor^ri, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1759, VI. i. p. 80. 
 
 Aikin, General Biography, 1804, v. p. 274. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gtntrale, 1858, xxv. col. 179. 
 
 Ferguson, 'Notes on. . . Books of Secrets, 'Supp. 
 III., Transactions of the Archceological Society of 
 Glasgow, 1899, N.S., iii. p. 406. 
 
 HORN (JOHANN BERNHARD). 
 
 Johann Bernhard Horns Chym. & Metall. Cult. Synopsis Metallurgica oder 
 kurtze, jedoch deutliche Anleitung zu der hochst niitz- und ergatzlichen 
 edlen Probier-Kunst verfasset in xv. Tabellen. Daraufs ein Liebhaber 
 der Kunst solche mit leicht- und geringer Miihe griindlich erlernen und 
 begreiffen kan. Auf ersuchen des Autoris fleisigst durchsehen, und 
 folglich auf gutbefinden nebst einer Anrede an den Leser, denen Freunden 
 der Berg-Wercke, Ertzschmeltzens und Probirens zu Lieb, Dienst und 
 Gefallen zum Druck befordert. Durch D. David Kellnern, h. t. Practicum 
 in der Kayserlichen freyen Reichs-Stadt Nordhausen, auch Fiirstl. Sachfs. 
 und Grafl. Stollbergischen Leib- und Hoff-Medicum. In Verlegung Johann 
 Christoph Weidners Buchh. 1690. 
 
 8". Pp. 22. 15 Tables, of which No. i folds. Pp. 104 [2]. Title red and black. 
 According to Leupold this book was published Ertze, wenn sie Gold und Silber halten, zu gute zu 
 
 at Frankfurt. 
 
 Horn wrote also : Wohlgegriindeter Anschlag 
 und Bedencken, wie die wilde antimonialische 
 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliothecee metallicce, 
 1732, P- 74- 
 
 machen, Franckfurt, 1690, 8, also edited by 
 Kellner. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, 
 ii. col. 1709. 
 
 HORST (GREGORIUS). 
 
 Gregor. HorstI D. Philos. & Med. Problematum Medicorum 
 
 Decades priores quinq; , In illustri VViteberga cum consensu Superiorum, 
 in gratiam Candidatorum Medicinae conscriptse, & publico privatoq; examini 
 subjects. 
 
 Arist. lib. 2. Metaph. cap. I. 
 Ov p.ovov \iipiv fX CLV oY/caiov TOVTOI? tSv avns 
 KCU rots In cTrwroAotoTe/Dov aTro^va/xevots ; 
 TI. &c. 
 Wittebergse, Typis Cratonianis, per Joan. Gorman, Anno M. DC. VI II. 
 
 4. Pp. [8]. Title in a woodcut border, cut in at the bottom. There are five 
 dissertations each with separate title-page, and signatures. 
 
 2D 
 
 rats So^eus, aXXa 
 
 yap 
 
4i8 HORST 
 
 HORST (GREGORIUS). Continued. 
 
 STN 0E12 Decas Problematum Medicorum, ad precipuarumfebrium'cognitionem 
 & curationem in serviens, Quam Praeside Gregorio Horstio, Philosophies & Med. D. 
 In Inclyta Wittenbergensium Academia Public^ respondendo tuebitur Martinus 
 Waltherus, Monsterberga Silesius. In auditorio Medicorum ad diem 5 Februarij. 
 Wittebergae, Typis Cratonianis, per Johan. Gorman. Anno M. DC. VIII. 
 
 4. Sigs. A and B in fours, or pp. [16]. 
 
 STN 6Eii Problematum Medicorum Decas, Gravifsimorum capitis affectuum 
 cognitionem & curationem illustrans, Quam . . . Publice respondendo tuebitur M. 
 Joachimus Koppen Magdeburgensis Saxo. In auditorio Medicorum ad diem 26. 
 Februarij. Wittebergae, . . . 
 
 4. Sigs. A, B, C, in fours ; or pp. [24]. 
 
 STN 0EO Problematum Medicorum Decas, Que, facit ad aliquot sensuum exteri- 
 orum affectiones cognoscendas & curandas, Quam . . . Publice respondendo propug- 
 nabit, M. Johannes Joachimus Anomoeus, Lincio Austrius. In auditorio Medicorum 
 ad diem 4 Martij. Wittebergae, . . . 
 
 4. Sigs. A, B, C, in fours ; or pp. [24]. 
 
 STN 9EQ Problematum Medicorum Decas, Continens controversas questiones 
 morborum quorundam organorum vocis & respirationis, Quam . . . defendet Respon- 
 dens M. Donatus Freywaldus, Misnensis. Ad diem 5. Martij Wittebergas, . . . 
 
 4. Sigs. A, B, in fours, Ca ; or pp. [20]. 
 
 STN 6EQ Problematum Medicorum Decas, Controversas aliquot quaestiones ad 
 cordis & ventriculi affectiones cognoscendas & curandas pertinentes determinans, Quam 
 . . . tuebitur Respondens M. Wolfgangus Schallerus Freibergensis Misnicus. Ad 
 diem 9. Martij. Wittebergae, . . . 
 
 4. Sigs. A, B, in fours, C 2 ; or pp. [20]. 
 
 Kurtze Nohtwendige Bericht, Erstlich, von den Vrschlechten oder Kinds- 
 Blattern, wie auch Masefn, Roteln, Rotesucht oder Kindsflecken. Zum 
 Andern von der Roten Ruhr, Zum Dritten von der in Anno 622. zu 
 anfang defs Jahrs, vnd folgend bin vnd wider miteinreissenden newen 
 Hauptschwachheit. Zum Vierdten, wie man sich in einreissenden Pestzeiten 
 zu verhalten habe, zu vnterschiedlichen Zeiten vor diesem dem gemeinen 
 Mann zum besten in Truck verfertiget durch Gregor. Horstium, der Artzney 
 D. Fiirstl. Hessischen Leibartzt, vnd defs H. Rom. Reichs Statt Vim 
 bestalten Physicum primar. Giessen, bey Caspar Chemlin, Anno 1624. 
 8. Pp. [8] 137 [12] [3 blank]. 
 
 Gregorius Horst, nephew (but Haller says In 1608 he was made professor of medicine at 
 
 'films') of Jacob Horst, also a physician, was Giessen and physician to the Landgrave of Hesse, 
 
 born at Torgau, 5 Nov., in 1578. His early He occupied this position till 1622, when he 
 
 schooling was obtained at Torgau and at Hal- accepted an invitation to Ulm to be town physician 
 
 berstadt and Ilfeld. His course in arts and and president of the College. He died at Ulm, 
 
 philosophy was taken in Helmstadt and Witten- 9 Aug., 1636, after a laborious carter as a 
 
 berg, where he received the degree of Phil. practitioner and author. His works are for the 
 
 Mag. in 1600, and then, as was the habit, he most part medical, but there is a dissertation 
 
 visited other universities and finally studied medi- 'De natura thermarum,' Giessen, 1618, 4, and a 
 
 cine and graduated M.D. at Basel, 28 March, work: 'Decas pharmaceuticarum exercitationum,' 
 
 1606. Shortly afterwards he was appointed to a 4; Giessen, 1611, 8; Ulm, 1618, 4; 1628, 4. 
 
 chair of medicine at Wittenberg, but almost They are highly commended by Schelhammer in 
 
 immediately removed to Saltzwedel as physician, his notes to Conring's Introductio. 
 
 Johann Daniel Dieterich, Oratio funebris qua Konig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 413. 
 Gregorio Horstio, Archiatro Ulmensi parentavit, Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, pp. 359- 
 
 In Horstius' Opera, Norib., 1660; Goudoe, 1661 ; 363. 
 reprinted by Mangel in 1731. Freher, Thcatrum virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 
 Witte, Memories Medicorum nostri seculi Claris- 1688, p. 1365, portrait, pi. 62. 
 
 simorum renovates Decas prima, 1676, p. 67 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, sig. KK 
 
 (Dieterich's Funeral Oration). i recto, 9 Aug. , 1636. 
 
HORSTHORTULANUS 
 
 419 
 
 HORST (GREGORIUS). Continued. 
 
 Conring, In universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1697, Schelhammers Additamenta, p. 
 136. 
 
 Bayle, Dictionaire historique et critique, 1730, 
 ii. p. 791. 
 
 Mangel, Bibtiotheca Scriptorum Aledicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. pp. 753-762. (Contains a reprint of 
 Dieterich's funeral oration. ) 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 266, 267, 750, 751. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 4 T 5' 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 
 col. 1716. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Aft'decine, 
 1755, ii. p. 65 ; 1778, ii. p. 563. 
 
 MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1759, vi. p. 81. 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 516. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de /' Anatomieet de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, ii. p. 255. 
 
 Haller, Bibhotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 409 ; 
 1772, ii. p. 678. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. pp. 203, 
 299-301. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. pp. 249, 
 292. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 358, 380, 424, 622; 1779, iii. p. 418. 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Gelehrlen 
 und Schriftsteller Geschichte, 1786, vi. p. 183. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chetnie, 1797, i. p. 594. 
 
 A. Weyermann, Nachrichten von Gelehrten und 
 Ktinstlern aus Ulm, 1798, 1829, 8. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, i. p. 455. 
 
 Fuchs, Reperlorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 96. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xviii. p. 194. 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopcedia, 1819, xviii. sub voce. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 290. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgetneine Encyklopddie, 2te 
 Sect., 1834, xi. p. 68. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtde- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 240. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 364. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Ge'ne'rale, 1858, xxv. col. 
 199. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1145. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 416 ; 
 1882, iii. p. 422. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p. 369 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1902, vii. p. 305. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der liervorra- 
 genden Aerzle, 1886, iii. p. 282. 
 
 Dictionnaire encyclopildique des Sciences Mtdi- 
 cales, 4eme Seiie, 1888, xiv. p. 435. 
 
 HORTULANUS. 
 
 Commentaire sur la Table d'Emeraude d'Hermes. 
 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, i. 
 p. 2. 
 
 Hortulani Philosophi ab hortis Maritimis Commentariolus in Tabulam Smarag- 
 dinam Hermetis Trismegisti trtpl x^/zetas. 
 See ALCHIMIA, 1541, p. 364. 
 See ARS CHEMICA, 1566, p. 33. 
 
 Compendium Alchemiae, oder Erklarung der Smaragdischen Tafel Hermetis 
 Trismegisti. 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1659, p. $1. 
 
 See HERMETISCHER ROSENKRANTZ, 1682, p. $1. 
 
 See HERMETISCHE (Der) Philosophus, 1709, p. 167. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. 
 
 P- 499- 
 See HERMES. 
 
 Erklarung iiber den Commentarium Hortulani. 
 See ARNALDUS de Villanova. 
 
 Practica vera Alchymise. 
 
 See ORTHOLANUS. 
 
 The present edition of 1541 is of importance, for The whole book appeared again in 1545 with a 
 
 it was the first both of the Tabula Smaragdina of new title : Alchemiae Gebri Arabis philosophi 
 
 Hermes and of the Commentariolus written by solertissimi, Libri, cum Reliquis, ut uersa pagella 
 
 Honulanus to elucidate it. indicabit. loafi : Petreius Nurembergefi. denuo 
 
420 
 
 HORTULANUS 
 
 HORTULANUS. Continued. 
 
 Bernae excudi faciebat. Anno M. D.XLV. , 4, pp. 
 [16] 302 [2]. It has an elaborate ornamental title- 
 page. It was printed at Berne by Mathias 
 Apiarius at the expense of Petreius, and is a 
 reprint of the previous edition. The Commenta- 
 riolus begins on p. 295. 
 
 So far as I have observed hardly anyone who 
 has discussed the question in connection either 
 with Hortulanus or Garland has taken notice of 
 these two earliest editions of the commentary, but 
 has quoted only those of 1560 and 1571. 
 
 These may now be described. The 1560 edition 
 has this title : 
 
 Compendium Alchemias. loannis Garlandii 
 Angli philosophi doctissimi : cum Dictionario 
 eiusdem artis, atque de metallorum tinctura prae- 
 paratio necj; eorundem Libello, ante annos DXX. 
 [A.D. I04o]eodem authore conscripto. Adiecimus 
 eiusdem compendij per Arnoldum de Villanova 
 explicationem. Cum tractatu de Salium Alumi- 
 numq'ue varietate, compositione & usu, Scriptoris 
 incerti. Omnia nunc primum in lucem edita. 
 Basileae Anno M. D. LX. 
 
 The contents are as follows : 
 
 Praefatio to Melchior, Bishop of Basel, by 
 Basilius Joannes Herold. 
 
 loannis Garlandii Angli Philosophi doctissimi 
 Compendium Alchimie. sive in tabulam Sma- 
 ragdinam Hermetis Trismegisti jrepl x^st'as Com- 
 mentarij, p. i. 
 
 Praecatio, p. i. 
 
 Tabula Smaragdina, p. 2. 
 
 Commentarij, p. 5. 
 
 Arnoldus de Villanova, in commentaries Hor- 
 tulani expositio, p. 33. 
 
 Joannes Garlandius, Synonymorum in arte 
 alchimistica expositio, p. 53. 
 
 Joannes Garlandius, De prceparatione Elixir 
 libellus, p. 72. 
 
 Joannes Garlandius, De Mineralibus liber, p. 93. 
 
 Joannis Garlandij vita, p. 172. 
 
 At the end of the life is a list of Garland's works 
 taken from Bostonus Buriensis, in which appears 
 the title : Ortolanus, Lib. i., followed by the words : 
 ' Laus, honor, virtus & gloria.' This is merely 
 the present commentary to which Boston has 
 erroneously given the name of the author, and the 
 four words form the opening of Hortulanus' 
 ' Pnecatio ' with which the commentary begins. 
 
 The 1571 edition is a reprint of that of 1560, but 
 differs from it in the title and other particulars : 
 
 Laurentii Venturae Veneti, Artium et Medicinae 
 Doct. De Ratione conficiendi Lapidis philosophic!, 
 liber unus. Ad Othonem Henricum Principem 
 Palatinum. Huic accesserunt eiusdem argumenti 
 loan. Garlandij Angli liber unus. Et ex speculo 
 magno Vincentij libri duo. Cum Privilegio Caesar. 
 Maiest. Basileae M.D.LXXI. 8vo, pp. [16] 203 
 [19, 2 blank] ; 121 [7, 2 blank] ; 173 [i blank]. 
 
 The contents of Part I. are as follows : 
 
 Epistle to Count Otho Heinrich, dated : Venet. 
 Idibus Maij, 1557. 
 
 The printer to the reader. 
 
 The contents. 
 
 Liber de Alchimia, p. i. 
 
 ^Enigma della pietra phisicadi Lorenzo Ventura, 
 &c., p. 200. 
 
 Index. 
 
 Part II. contains the following : 
 
 Joannis Garlandii Angli Philosophi doctissimi 
 Compendium Alchimiae, siue in tabulam Sma- 
 ragdinam Hermetis Trismegisti irepl xw"'"* Com- 
 mentarij, p. i. 
 
 Arnoldus de Villanova, In Commentarios Hor- 
 tulani Expositio, p. 23. 
 
 Joannes Garlandius Anglus, Synonymorum in 
 arte Alchimistica expositio, p. 36. 
 
 Garlandius : De praeparatione Elixir libelius, 
 
 P- 5i- 
 
 Garlandius : De Mineralibus liber, p. 67. 
 
 Joannis Garlandij philosophi excellentissimi Vita, 
 p. 120. 
 
 Leonardi Proebstelij Carmen, p. [122]. 
 
 Summa Capitum, pp. [124-128], 
 
 The ' Summa ' is new, but Herold's ' Proefatio ' is 
 omitted. 
 
 Part III. consists of articles taken from the 
 Speculum ma jus of Vincentus and others. 
 
 Except Mansi, those who have quoted this 
 reprint refer to it as if it were a separate pub- 
 lication and had not appeared under the title of 
 another work. If there be a separate edition of 
 1571, which is quite possible, I have not seen it. 
 
 The commentary is the same in both these 
 editions, so that the distinction drawn between 
 them by Dom Rivet, namely that the edition of 
 1560 is an abridgement of that of 1571, made by 
 the author himself or by some other person sub- 
 sequently, has not only no foundation in fact, 
 leaving the dates out of the question, but has not 
 even any support from the actual titles. Dom 
 Rivet, however, took his description not from 
 copies of the books, but from the entries in 
 Lipenius and the Bibliotheca Barberiana, 1681, 
 p. 452, 2. The only difference is in the first chapter, 
 which in the 1560 edition is lengthened by the 
 insertion of the 'Tabula Smaragdina,' omitted in 
 the 1571 edition. In every other respect the two 
 issues are identical. 
 
 So far as I know these books also are rare. 
 
 When the 1541 and 1560 editions are compared 
 with each other there are several points of difference 
 to be observed. 
 
 1. The title. 
 
 2. The introduction of Garland's name. 
 
 3. The additional tracts. 
 
 4. The statement that the edition of 1560 is the 
 first. 
 
 5. The differences in the two versions. 
 
 i and 2. It will be noticed that the phrase 
 ' Compendium Alchymiae ' and Garland's name do 
 not occur in the titles of the earlier editions, but 
 were introduced by Herold either of his own 
 initiative, or, more probably, from the manuscript 
 he used, while that of Hortulanus has disappeared 
 from, the 1560 and 1571 editions. 
 
 3. As to the additional tracts they do not occur 
 in the editions of 1541 and 1545, and they are 
 assigned not to Hortulanus, but to Garland. That 
 they are by him is a question of evidence, but their 
 authenticity has been categorically denied by 
 Haurau. 
 
 4. The statement that the edition of 1560 is the 
 first, signifies: either that Herold did not know,the 
 editions of 1541 and 1545, which seems unlikely, or 
 that he meant that the version of Hortulanus' Com- 
 mentary, which he was giving, as well as the other 
 tracts were now printing for the first time, and in 
 this sense he may have been correct, as will be 
 seen from the following. 
 
 5. The differences between the earlier and later 
 editions are well marked. There are thirteen 
 chapters in the editions of 1541 and 1545, as 
 against twenty-one in those of 1560 and 1571. 
 There are different readings throughout and differ- 
 ent arrangement of words, and in the 1560 and 
 
HORTULANUS 
 
 421 
 
 HORTULANUS. Continued. 
 
 1571 editions chapter v. has an introductory part 
 which is not contained in the previous editions. 
 
 As an illustration of the differences the opening 
 words of Hortulanus' ' Praefatio ' may be given. 
 In the 1541 edition they are : Ego dictus Hortu- 
 lanus, ab hortis maritimis nuncupatus, pelle 
 Jacobina inuolutus, indignus uocari discipulus 
 philosophise. ... In the 1560 edition : Ego 
 quidem Hortulanus, ab horto, vel ab arce 
 maritima dictus, Jacobina pelle inuolutus, nouis- 
 simus philosophorum, indignus vocari discipulus 
 philosophise . . . 
 
 It may be inferred, therefore, that the editors of 
 the two editions drew from different manuscript 
 sources, and this is confirmed by Herold giving on 
 the margin of his edition a few various readings 
 which happen with one exception to be those of the 
 edition of 1541. 
 
 The existence of these two different printed 
 versions has not, so far as I am aware, been 
 noticed or mentioned before. 
 
 The authorship of the ' Commentariolus ' has 
 given rise to some diversity of opinion. Most of 
 the older writers have accepted the identity of 
 Garlandia and Hortulanus without criticism, 
 though they are not unanimous as to the date at 
 which he flourished. Recent researches have 
 settled that John de Garlandia, a native of Eng- 
 land, resident in France, poet, musician, mathe- 
 matician, grammarian, was born in the latter half 
 of the twelfth and lived on to the middle of the 
 thirteenth century, and was thus a senior contem- 
 porary of the scholars who have made this period 
 conspicuous in the annals of learning. On the 
 ground of identity this would be the date also of 
 Hortulanus. Fabricius, however, did not admit 
 it and Kopp has made the remark that the question 
 was not to be so readily answered as Morhof 
 appeared to think. More recently still, Haur^au, 
 who in 1879 corrected the patent misconceptions of 
 Dom Rivet about the editions, alluded to above, 
 has denied altogether that Garland had anything to 
 do with alchemy, and has rejected the works on the 
 subject attributed to him. 
 
 Influenced by certain manuscripts he is of 
 opinion that Hortulanus is the same as a person 
 called in them Martinus Ortholanus, who wrote a 
 treatise which is contained in the Theatrum Chemi- 
 cutn (see ORTHOLANUS) and is dated 1358. If there 
 be doubt about the connexion of Hortulanus and 
 Garlandia, there is equal if not more about the 
 existence of Martinus Ortholanus. That the name 
 occurs in manuscripts is hardly sufficient to estab- 
 lish the existence of the person. For, in a manu- 
 script at St. Gallen of the fourteenth century, 
 
 referred to by Kopp (Beitrdge, 1869, p. 381), the 
 opening of the ' Prasfatio ' runs thus : Ego a. 
 dictus Ortulanus ab ortis Martini nuncupatus, &c., 
 instead of ' ab hortis maritimis. ' That one of these 
 readings is an error of transcription is pretty 
 obvious. The meaning in either case is somewhat 
 obscure, but it would not take much effort on the 
 part of a possibly puzzled scribe to convert 
 ' Ortulanus, ab ortis Martini ' into ' Martinus 
 Ortulanus. 1 All this is a matter for investigation, 
 and anyhow it would be premature to assign the 
 ' Commentariolus ' of Hortulanus to a Martin 
 Ortolan or Lortholain, about whom Haureau 
 admits that he had no lasting fame, or, it would be 
 more correct to say, had none at all. 
 
 While something has been said in support of the 
 various opinions, no argument sufficiently cogent 
 and conclusive has been put forward to induce 
 belief that the problem of authorship has been 
 solved. 
 
 As to the 'expositio' assigned to Arnoldus de 
 Villanova, its authenticity, other things being 
 equal, must obviously depend on the date fixed for 
 Hortulanus. If he be identical with Garlandia the 
 exposition could quite well be by Arnoldus, who 
 flourished in the latter part of the thirteenth 
 century. But if he be the same as Ortholanus and 
 lived in the fourteenth century or later, the exposi- 
 tion could not be by Arnoldus, and Haureau in his 
 dissertation on Arnoldus, quite logically considers 
 it not to be by him. 
 
 Kopp, too, has pointed out that this 'expositio' 
 does not appear in any list of Arnoldus' writings, so 
 that apart from the date, it is possibly not a 
 genuine writing of Arnoldus. Dom Rivet speaks 
 of a treatise : La clef de 1'abrege, of which there is 
 a manuscript ' a 1'abbaie des Dunes. ' Can this be 
 a translation of the ' expositio ' ? 
 
 The Commentary was often printed and it was 
 translated into English, French, and German. 
 
 The translation into English was made from the 
 1541 text, and was printed along with Roger 
 Bachon's The Mirror of Alchimy, London, 1597, 
 pp. 17-27. The French translation was also made 
 from the 1541 text, and was published along with 
 Le Miroir d'Alquimie de Rogier Bacon, Lyons, 
 
 1557, PP- 30-56. 
 
 The German version by Johann Schauberdt is 
 appended to Pantheus' Vorarchadumia (sic), 
 Magdeburg, 1600, 1608. 
 
 As it is somewhat difficult to disjoin Hortulanus 
 and Garland some of the following references apply 
 to both and some to the two individually. Refer- 
 ence may be made also to ORTHOLANUS, where the 
 connection with Hortulanus is further considered. 
 
 Spachius, Nomenclator Scriptoruin Medicorum, 
 1591, p. 31 (the Basel, 1571 edition). 
 
 Maier, Symbola AureeE Menses, 1617, p. 456. 
 
 Pits, Relationum Hisloricarum de rebus Anglicis 
 Tomus primus, 1619, p. 184. 
 
 Van der Linden, De scriptis medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 272 (the Basel 1560 edition). 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca chimica, 1654, pp. 101, 120. 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . . 
 Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 102. 
 
 Lipenius, Bibliollieta realis medica, 1679, p. 96 
 
 (edition of 1571) ; p. 99 (edition of 1560). 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorwn, 
 1697, p. 25. 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Grceca, 1708, i. p. 69 ; 
 ed. Harle.s, 1790, i. p. 78 (quotes the commentary 
 of ' Ortho anus sive Hortulanus, nescioquis '). 
 
 Polycarp Leyser, Historia poetarum et poematum 
 medii \evi, . . . Halae, 1721, pp. 311-341 (and 
 references). 
 
 Oudin, Commentarius de Scriptoribus Ecclesice 
 Antiqua, 1722, ii. col. 609 (A.D. 1040; J. de 
 Garlandia, poet and chemist). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 
 1730, ii. p. 500 (translation of the ' Vita Garlandii ' 
 in the 1560 edition). 
 
 Fabricius, Bibliotheca Latina media et infimce 
 eztatis, 1735, Lib. vii. p. 56 (p. 58, thinks the 
 alchemist and the grammarian are different; and 
 that the latter flourished about 1040); Florentiae, 
 1852, iii. p. 19 (Mansi, in his note, refers to Oudin 
 for making them identical). 
 
 Tanner, Bibliotheca Britannico-Hibernica, 1748, 
 P- 309- 
 
422 HORTULANUS 
 
 HORTULANUS. Continued. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. Promptorium Parvulorum, Camden Society, 
 
 col. 863. 1865, Tom iii. ed. Albert Way. Praeface, pp. xxvi- 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 97. xxxii. 
 
 MoreYi, Le Grand Dictionnaire historique et Histoire litlraire de la France, 1868, viii. pp. 83- 
 
 critique, 1759, V. ii. p. 77. 98 (article by Dom Rivet); xxi. pp. 369-72; xxii. 
 
 Archiv fur Freimaurer und Rosenkreuzer, 1783, pp. 11-13, 77- IO 3> 94 8 -95 (articles by Victor Le 
 
 i. p. 241 (not a translation, but " an attempt to put Clerc). 
 
 in modern dress writings the diction of which has Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, 
 
 repelled readers "). p. 380. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 PP- S?^ (p- 577, No. 22, for the edition with Secretes, 1870, No. 1366. 
 
 Ventura, 1571), 584. Notices et Extraits des Manuscrits de la Biblio- 
 
 Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic theque Nationale, 1879, XXVII. ii. pp. 35-38 
 
 der Rosenkreuzer, 1786, i. pp. 28, 78. (article on omitted and spurious writings of Garland 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 60. by Barthelemy Haur^au and correction of Dom 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 117. Rivet's confusion about the 1560 and 1571 editions). 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 417; Histoire Littlraire de la France, 1881, xxviii., 
 
 1866, i. p. 441. pp. 95, 96 (article on Arnauld de Villeneuve 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. pp. 147, by Haur6au, denying the authenticity of the ' Ex- 
 
 156, 166; 1847, iv. 347. positio'). 
 
 Journal des Savants, 1851, p. 286 (article by Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 342-348. 
 
 Chevreul). Dictionary of National Biography, 1889, xx. 
 
 Figuier, I'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, p. 436 (under GARLAND; article by C. L. Kings- 
 
 PP- 4i, 59, 131. 363- ford). 
 
 HORTULANUS (FONTANUS). 
 
 Fontani Hortulani, Fata Chymica, in Beschreibung der wahren und falschen 
 Chymie, mit beygefiigten acht raren Tractsetgen und zum Theil alien kost- 
 bahren Manuscriptis, bestehend : 
 
 1. In Ubereinstimmung der grofs- und kleinen Welt. 
 
 2. In Anzeigung: woher die Menschen ihre Signaturen genommen, und 
 wodurch viele Kiinste und Wissenschaften erfunden worden. 
 
 3. Stellet Magische Sigill- und Bildungen fur, nach dem Biblischen 
 Namen und Gegeneinanderhaltung des Gestirns, mit der Signatur der 
 Planeten, und den Beweifs, woher die Magische Bildniifs, so grosse Kraft 
 und Wiirckung haben. 
 
 4. Erklaret die Chymische Worter, so bey dem Laboriren und Bereitung 
 der Chymischen und andern Artzneyen vorkommen. 
 
 5. Lehret einige auserlesene Artzneyen verfertigen, deren sich die 
 hocherfahrnen Natur-Kiindiger voriger Zeiten bedienet. 
 
 6. 1st ein Tractat vom Alter, wie man sich nemlich solches ertraglich 
 machen kan &c. 
 
 7. Archiv der Dames oder Geheimniisse, die zu menschlicher Zierde 
 und Schonheit gehoren. 
 
 8. Eine Anweisung zu einer kleinen Haufs-Farberey. 
 Cassel, Bey Johann Bertram Cramer. 1740. 
 
 4. Pp. [i$, frontispiece included] 464. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 300. 
 p. 666 (quotes an edition, Frankfurt, 1737, 4). 
 
 HORTULANUS (JUSTUS SIMPLICIUS). 
 
 Die Philosophische Hand, das ist : Wahre und griindliche Philosophische 
 Hand-Leitung zu dem beriihmten und hochgepriesenen Stein der Weisen. 
 
HORTULANUSHULFFE 423 
 
 HORTULANUS (Jusxus SIMPLICIUS). Continued. 
 
 In welcher sowohl die Theoria als auch die Praxis zu diesem hohen Werck 
 zu gelangen, so deutlich als niemahls gezeiget, und alien Liebhabern der 
 edlen, wahren und uralten Hermetischen Philosophic zum Nutz und nothiger 
 Anweisung vor Augen gestellet, und aus den hinterlassenen Schrifften eines 
 unbekannten Philosophi und wahren Adepti treulich communiciret wird von 
 Justo Simplicio Hortulano. Leipzig, Bey Johann Christian Martini, 
 Anno 1719. 
 
 8. Pp. 53 [3 blank]. Symbolic frontispiece of a right hand, tree, etc. Pp. 15-16 
 dropped. 
 
 The ' Philosophical Hand ' here used as a frontispiece is identical with that 
 elucidated by J. I. Hollandus. Over the thumb and first to fourth fingers are the 
 symbols for saltpetre, Roman vitriol, salammoniac, alum, common salt, respectively ; 
 on the palm of the hand the symbol for mercury, and on the ball of the thumb that for 
 sulphur. There is no explanation given of the symbols as is done by Hollandus. The 
 tract is in two parts ; the first contains some general considerations as to the ' Stone ' ; 
 the second professes to deal with its matter and preparation. 
 
 HORTULUS Olympicus Aureolus. 
 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 197. 
 
 HORTUS Divitiarum. Der Garten der Reichthumb aller Weifsheit Gottes. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz, und Kunstkammer, 1614, Partii. 
 
 p. 190. 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 500. 
 
 HOUGHTON (THOMAS). 
 Rara Avis in Terris : or The Compleat Miner. 
 
 See COLLECTION (A) of Scarce and valuable Treatises upon Metals, 1740, pp. 243- 
 3i9- 
 
 The first edition has this title : Rara Avis in ject never written on before by any. Vnius Labor, 
 
 Terris : or the Compleat Miner, in two Books ; the multorum laborem allevat. By Thomas Houghton, 
 
 first containing, the Liberties, Laws and Customs London : printed in the year 1681, 12, pp. [8] 105 
 
 of the Lead-Mines, within the Wapentake of [7]. Other editions are mentioned, 1688, 1729, 
 
 Wirksworth in Derbyshire; in fifty-nine Articles, 1738. Houghton also wrote the Laws and Customs 
 
 being all that ever was made. The second teach- of Miners in the Forest of Dean, in Mendip, &c., 
 
 eth the Art of dialling and levelling Grooves ; a and some other works on mines and economical 
 
 thing greatly desired by all Miners ; being a sub- subjects. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, i. (authors), Allibone, A critical Dictiona ty of English 
 5 19 h. Literature, 1859, i. p. 897. 
 
 HOUPREGHT (JOHN FREDERICK). 
 
 See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, l68o. 
 
 Houpreght signs the dedication of the book to Charles II. 
 
 HULFFE wider die Armuth aufs den geheimen Schatz-Kasten der iiberreichen 
 alleredelsten Chimie und Alchimie. Allen Mittel- und Hiilff-bedurfftigen, 
 die durch Kunst, der Natur wollen Handbieten, und sich vor Arbeit nicht 
 wollen eckeln lassen. Zu eintraglichen Nutzen wolmeinend mitgetheilet von 
 Experto Ruperto. Jm Jahr 1702. 
 
 12. Pp. 128 [lO], 
 
 A series of receipts for experiments with the metals, for testing them and separating 
 them. A table of chemical symbols is given at the end. 
 
424 
 
 HUGINUS HUSER 
 
 HUGINUS A BARMA. 
 
 Saturnia Regna. S. M. T. F. P. Magisterium, id est, Aqua Sapientum, per 
 positiones Hermeticas publicatum. 
 See TVEDA Trifida Chimica, 1674, p. 137. 
 
 Etliche Philosophische Schliisse. 
 
 See TVEDA Trifida Chimica, 1674, p. 284. 
 
 This translation contains two plates only. 
 Huginus' tract was first printed at Paris in 1657. 
 A hundred and twenty years later a person calling 
 himself ' Pe. Th. An. . . .' tried to get a copy of 
 the book in the libraries, but in vain, and he 
 turned over hundreds of sale catalogues but never 
 saw it mentioned. Observing that it was unknown 
 to Lenglet Dufresnoy he had almost come to the 
 conclusion that it was entirely lost, when he 
 obtained it along with a number of others from a 
 bookseller Pierre Derieu and reprinted it. It 
 appeared in a small volume at Paris, 1779, 12, pp. 
 
 167 [i blank], 3 plates, followed by a French trans- 
 lation in uniform style in 1780, pp. 192, 3 plates. 
 In it, however, the above initials are written 
 S. M. I. S. P., and the editor calls himself 'Pi. 
 Th. An. . . .' 
 
 Borrichius indulges in some persiflage at Huginus' 
 expense. Petraeus says that Huginus was a certain 
 Frater Paulinus, with the name Talberus, and he 
 also notes that one or two plates are wanting in 
 the German translation. Fuchs calls him Haginus 
 von Parma, which is a curious misprint. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Medicorum, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1697, p. 43, No. Ixix. 1806-08, p. 116. 
 
 Petraeus, Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische 
 Schriften, 1769, Neue Vorrede, sig. e 8 -verso. 
 
 HUNDERT und dreissig Grund-Satze. 
 
 See DREY Curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1723, p. 28. 
 See DREY Curieuse . . . Chymische Schrifften, 1733, P- 28 - 
 
 The 1723 edition is quoted by Roth-Scholtz, course be no possible merit in it at all (Probier- 
 Bibliotkeca Chemica, 1727, p. 167. As Fictuld has Siein, 1753, Th. ii., p. 73). 
 placed the book in his second class there can of 
 
 HUNDERT drei und fiinfzig Aphorismi. 
 
 See HELMONT (FRANCISCUS MERCURIUS VAN). 
 
 HUNDRED (A) and fifty-three Chemical Aphorisms. 
 See PACKE (CHRISTOPHER). 
 
 HUSER QOHANN). 
 
 See PARACELSUS (AUREOLUS PHILIPPUS THEOPHRASTUS), 1603. 
 
 Details of Huser's life do not seem to have been 
 preserved. He lived at the end of the sixteenth 
 and beginning of the seventeenth century, was in 
 practice at Waldkirch in Baden, became councillor 
 and physician of the Elector Ernest of Cologne, 
 and at his request collected the works of Paracelsus, 
 both printed and in manuscript, and published a 
 ' definitive ' edition as it would be called now 
 
 Conring, De Hermetica Medicina libri duo, 1648, 
 p. 179 ; 1669, p. 177. 
 
 Reimmann, Versuch einer Einleitung in die 
 Historiam literariam derer Teutscher, 1713, vi. 
 P- 57i- 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 422. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1785. 
 
 which appeared at Basel, 1589, 1590 (1591) in ten 
 volumes 4, and again in 1603, as above. Conring 
 not only says that Huser's versions differ from those 
 by Dorn, Bodenstein, and others, but adds that his 
 good faith is justly suspected, and apparently thinks 
 that a strong enough reason for not preferring 
 them to the ofhers. This opinion, however, can 
 be compared with Sudhofs remarks. 
 
 Mook, Theopkrastus Paracelsus, eirie Kritische 
 Studie, 1876, p. 85. 
 
 Ferguson, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1885, Part 
 ii. p. 24 ; 1890, Part iii. p. 61. 
 
 Hirscri, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerate, 1886, iii. p. 325. 
 
 Sudhoff, Bibliographia Paracelsica, 1894, passim. 
 
HUXHAM HYDROPHIL US 
 
 HUXHAM (JOHN). 
 
 Medicinisch und Chymische Bemerkungen vom Spiefsglase durch Doctor 
 Huxham. Aus dem Englischen iibersetzt. Leipzig und Bayreuth, Im 
 Verlag Johann Andreas Liibecks, privilegirten Buchhandlers, 1759. 
 
 8. Pp. 72. 
 
 Huxham, son of a butcher, was born at Harber- 
 ton, in Devonshire, a mile from Totnes, about 
 1694 (others say 1692). \\ ithout making much 
 effort he did very well at school, having an excel- 
 lent memory, and became a good classical scholar. 
 He then went to Leyden and studied medicine 
 under Boerhaave, but on account of expense he 
 took his degree at Rheims in 1717. On his return 
 after waiting for an opening he settled at Plymouth, 
 married, and as his practice did not increase so 
 rapidly as he wished, he had recourse to certain 
 expedients so like those pursued by ' ' Sawyer late 
 Nockemorf," that it is difficult to believe that 
 Dickens did not simply copy Huxham's methods. 
 Gradually however he succeeded, and having sent 
 some reports of cases to the Royal Society was 
 elected a Fellow, 5 April, 1739, and he was also a 
 Fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 
 in 1755. He worked very hard both at his practice 
 and at literary work. He was widely read and was 
 skilled in the works of the ancient physicians, 
 especially Hippocrates. He died at Plymouth 10 
 (12) August. 1768, but as he would never speak of 
 his age it is given variously as 73 or 74, or 76. 
 
 He wrote papers and treatises on medicine and 
 pathology : ' A dissertation on the malignant 
 
 Portal, Histoirede I Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. p. 605. 
 
 Haller, Bibliothcca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 135. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 151, 
 421 (' celeberrimus clinicus '). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 558. 
 
 Reuss, Repcrtorium Cominentationum, 1803, iii. 
 Chemia et Res Mctallica, p. 114. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 Appendix iv. p. xli. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1814, xviii. p. 376. 
 
 Rees, The Cyclopedia, 1819, xviii. sub voce (con- 
 densed from Chalmers). 
 
 Biographic Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 324. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, i. 531 . 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichtc der Arzneykunde, 1828, v. 
 PP- 507, 533. 542. 707. 7I7- 
 
 ulcerous sore throat,' 1757, 8, ' Essay on fevers,' 
 1739, which is considered his most important work, 
 'Observations on Antimony,' Phil. Trans., 1755, 
 separately, 1756, 8, of which the present book is a 
 translation. From 1724 to 1752 he kept a register 
 of the health, diseases, and weather of Plymouth, 
 and he published in Latin : ' Observationes de 
 Acre et Morbis Epidemicis,' 8, London, 1739, 
 1752, 1771. 
 
 On account of his treatment of fever having been 
 successful in saving the life of the Queen of 
 Portugal when she was in the last extremity, the 
 king caused his work to be translated into Portu- 
 guese. His collected works were published at 
 Leipzig, by J. C. Reichel, in 3 vols., 1764, 1773; 
 and Vienna, 1784 and 1829. The separate works 
 passed through numerous editions. 
 
 His method of preparing tincture of bark in 
 which the bitter was corrected by aromatics, led to 
 his name being attached to it, and there was also 
 in use /Ethiops antimonialis Huxhami. 
 
 Huxham was a scholar, a keen observer, an 
 acute thinker, a lucid writer, and his works are of 
 historical value. 
 
 His portrait is in Pettigrew's Medical Portrait 
 Gallery. 
 
 Lives of British Physicians, 1830, pp. 168-171. 
 
 Blewitt, Panorama of Torquay, 1832, p. 262. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Me'de- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 257. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Gtntrale, 1858, xxv. col. 
 663. 
 
 Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English 
 Literature, 1859, i. p. 930. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1163. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. 610. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1885, vi. p. 526 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1902, vii. p. 491. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 330. 
 
 Dictionnaire encycloptdique des Sciences midi- 
 cales, 1888, 4eme Serie, xiv. p. 517. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1891, xxviii. 
 p. 363 (article by Dr. Norman Moore). 
 
 HYDROLITHUS Sophicus. 
 
 See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS). 
 
 HYDROPHILUS (SINCERUS). 
 
 Der Chymischen und heutigen Welt, Nutzbahre Schatz-Kammer, nebst einer 
 dabey befindlichen Land- und Haufs-Apotheca, zu jedermans sichern 
 Gebrauch. Ausgestellet von Sincere Hydrophilo. 1736. Franckfurt 
 am Mayn, Bey Wilhelm Daniel Fischer. 
 
 4. Pp. [28] 416. [2]. i plate. 
 
426 
 
 HYDROPHILUSHYDROP YROGRAPHUM 
 
 HYDROPHILUS (SINCERUS). Continued. 
 
 This work is in the form of a story of adventure, 
 a sort of chemical romance. It contains reprints 
 of the two poems : " Ein Ding find man, in dieser 
 Welt,' p. 269; and No. III. of the ' Alte teutsche 
 Reimen': ' Eine treue Lehr will ich dir geben,' 
 
 P- 3/3- 
 
 The appendix begins on p. 323 and .has a 
 separate title : 
 
 Anhang der Land- und Haufs-Apotheca, Wie 
 
 sowohl alle ausserliche, als innerliche Glieder und 
 Kranckheiten zu curiren. Wobey sonderlich zu- 
 sammen gesammelte Artzney, womit sich die Armen 
 selbst, und das, fast ohne Kosten zu curiren, auch 
 ihre Medicin selber verfertigen konnen. 
 
 This book appeared afterwards under the title : 
 'FALSCHER und wahrer Lapis Philosophorum,' 
 Franckfurt und Leipzig, 1752, 4, q. v. 
 
 HYDROPYROGRAPHUM Hermeticum, or the Metallick water fire translated 
 by John Frederick Houpreght. 
 
 See AURIFONTINA CHYMICA, 1680, p. I. 
 
. G.~)-INDAGINE 427 
 
 I. (I. G.). 
 
 See JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). 
 
 I. N. v. E. J. 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). 
 
 ICH SAGS NIGHT, i.e. Johann Siebmacher Nurnbergensis. 
 
 See SIEBMACHER (JOHANN AMBROSIUS). 
 
 ICONIUS (RAPHAEL EGLINUS). 
 
 See EGLINUS ICONIUS (RAPHAEL). 
 See HAPELIUS (NICOLAUS NIGER). 
 
 Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosenkreuter und des Freymaurerordens, 1803, p. 19. 
 
 IDEA Chemiae Bohmianse Adeptae. 1690. 
 See BOH ME (JACOB). 
 
 Beytrag xur Gcschichte der hbhern Ckemie, 1785, p. 642. 
 
 IM GOLDE SUCHT. 
 
 See SCHMID (j. a), 1706. 
 
 INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS LIBORIUS AB). 
 
 Bifolium Chemico- Physico- Metallicum, bestehend in zwo besondern Abhand- 
 lungen, deren die erste den Zink und Galmey, die andre aber den Arsenik, 
 benebst einigen Merkwiirdigkeiten, griindlich untersuchet. Ausgefertiget 
 und zu weiterer Untersuchung ans Licht gestellet, von I. L. ab Indagine, 
 L.M. Amsterdam und Leipzig, bey Johann Schreuder, 1771. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 227. [i]. 
 
 In this he quotes a good deal from Henckel, and transcribes from Lohneiss and Cramer the method 
 for extracting zinc followed at Goslar. 
 
 Trifolium Chemico-Physico-Salinum, oder, Dreyfache chemisch-physikalische 
 Abhandlung, worinnen drey beriihmte Salze, namentlich Salmiac, Salpeter, 
 und Borax, nach ihrer Natur und Wesenheit, Namen und Erfindung, 
 benebst einigen Merkwiirdigkeiten, betrachtet werden. Ausgefertiget von 
 einem Kenner und Liebhaber chemischer Wahrheiten, der sich nennet 
 
428 
 
 INDA GINEINS TR UCTIO 
 
 INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS LIBORIUS AB). Continued. 
 
 Innocentius Liborius ab Indagine. Amsterdam und Leipzig, bey Johann 
 Schreuder, 1771. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 202. [i] [i blank]. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Besides these two books he wrote some others : 
 Chemisch-physicalische Nedenstunden, Hof, 1780, 
 8, pp. 216 ; Memorabilia Bismuthi, Niirnberg, 
 1782, 8 ; Philosophische und physikalische Zeit- 
 vertreib, Niirnb. , 1783 ; Philosophische und physi- 
 kalische Abhandlungen, Niirnb., 1784. In the 
 Nebenstunden, p. 21,5, he speaks of the Wegweiser 
 zur hbhern Chemie, as composed by him. 
 
 The first of these contains in Section 5, a con- 
 tribution to the history of the Rosicrucians. It was 
 afterwards printed separately, 1784, 8, pp. 32. 
 
 The author of the Beytrag says that the name 
 of the author is obviously fictitious. This is correct. 
 His real name was Johann Ludolph Jager, and he 
 was a native of the Magdeburg district, born about 
 1728. He is said to have gone first to the Uni- 
 versity of Tubingen, then in 1747 to Leipzig, and 
 in 1762 to Helmstadt, where he studied under 
 Beireis and gave out that he had been examined 
 by him for the licentiateship in medicine, which 
 office he assumed. He next went to Brunswick and 
 wrote a paper against the Gravenhorsts' manufac- 
 ture of salammoniac, which is printed in the 
 Trifolium above. He was employed there in the 
 porcelain works, afterwards returned to Leipzig, 
 lived privately, and communicated to the Economic 
 Society proposals for the manufacture of saltpetre 
 and borax, which, it is said, were not received with 
 favour. He died 16 March, 1787. 
 
 Meusel quotes an 'Abhandlung vom Toback- 
 rauchen,' Wolfenbiittel, besides the Nebenstunden 
 and Memorabilia Bismuthi, but not those above. 
 There does not seem to be any reason for doubting 
 that Johann Ludolph ab Indagine (q.v.) is merely 
 another form of his pseudonym and does not 
 denote a different person. 
 
 In the review of his book ' Memorabilia Bis- 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 618. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1884. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 72. 
 
 Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des 
 Ordens des Goldenen und Rosenkreutzes, 1783, 
 p. 117. 
 
 Archiv fur Freimaurer und Rosenkreuzer, 1785, 
 
 P- 354- 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 678, 679 (No. 527, ' Memorabilia Bismuthi '). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 244, 
 618. 
 
 muthi ' in the Archiv, he is called J. C. ab 
 Indagine, and is spoken of as a person well skilled 
 in chemistry, but too much given to gold-making. 
 He had considerable knowledge of the empirical 
 chemistry then in vogue and his papers show some 
 originality of view and treatment, but his opinion 
 was that borax was not a natural salt but an arti- 
 ficial one made by the Venetians. 
 
 This view, therefore, was different from that of 
 Joh. Georg Model, who was Imperial Councillor 
 and died at St. Petersburg in 1775, to whom Jager 
 refers. Model had investigated borax, and showed 
 how to purify it by solution in water, and he con- 
 sidered it a natural product, as is evidenced by the 
 title of his dissertation : ' De borace nativa persis 
 Borech dicta, Londini, 1747,' 4 I German transla- 
 tion, Stuttgart, 1751, 8. See Gmelin, Geschichte 
 der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 577. 
 
 In the Nebenstunden he discusses the derivation 
 of the word ' Chemia ' and the antiquity of glass, 
 and shows himself throughout widely read in 
 chemical literature. 
 
 Though the Beytrag seems to anticipate some- 
 thing of the kind, he cannot of course be confused 
 with Johann de Indagine who flourished in the 
 fifteenth century, was prior of the Carthusian Mon- 
 astery at Eisenach, Erfurt and Frankfurt a. d. O., 
 and wrote a number of works on ecclesiastical 
 subjects and the history of several heresies. He 
 must also be distinguished from Johann de In- 
 dagine, a clergyman at Steinheim, who lived in the 
 sixteenth century and wrote books on astrology, 
 chiromancy, and similar topics. These two are 
 distinguished by Jocher, but in the Beytrag they 
 are apparently identified, for the magical works are 
 ascribed to the Carthusian prior. 
 
 Meusel, Lexicon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1806, vi. p. 
 
 212. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 595. 
 
 Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei, 1844, 
 Nos. 2641, 2642. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarische.s Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1186. 
 
 'L.adra.gue.,Bibliotheque Ouvarqff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 1409-1414. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 8. 
 
 INDAGINE (JOHANN LUDOLPH AB). 
 
 See MONTANUS (LUDWIG CONRAD), 1751. 
 
 As is observed in the preceding article there 
 seems no reason for doubting that Johann Ludolph 
 ab Indagine is identical with Johann Ludolph 
 
 Jager, who uses the pseudonym Innocentius 
 Liborius ab Indagine. The initials are the same 
 in the three names. 
 
 INSTRUCTIO Patris ad Filium de Arbore Solari anonymi Philosophi Galli. 
 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, l66l, vi. p. 163. 
 
INS TR UCTIOITTERSHA GEN 
 
 429 
 
 INSTRUCTIO, etc. Continued. 
 
 "The most faithful and pleasant instruction 
 taken from the French MS. of an anonymous 
 philosopher, by which a father declares to his son 
 everything that is necessary for the composition 
 and preparation of the great stone of the wise men, 
 
 in ten chapters." Kopp (Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. 
 P- 379) speaks of an edition of this book which 
 appeared at Strasburg in 1659. It was therefore 
 reprinted in the Theatrum almost immediately. 
 
 INTRODUCTIO Generalis Chymica, cum Dictis Philosophorum, ex libro Aureae 
 Rosaa. 
 See APPENDIX ad faciliorem Radicis Chymiae intellectum, p. 35. 
 
 INTROITUS Apertus ad occlusum Regis Palatium. 
 
 See PHILALETHA. 
 
 IREN^US AGNOSTUS. 
 
 See FORTALITIUM Scientirc, 1617. 
 See FORTALITIUM Scientist, 1618. 
 
 Murr mentions other tracts by this person, who 
 was ' Notar ' of the Rosicrucian fraternity, but not 
 the above. 
 
 Kloss ascribes the following Rosicrucian tracts 
 to this writer : 
 
 Fortalicium ScientifE, Clypeum Veritatis, Spec- 
 ulum Constantiae, Fons Gratias, Frater non Frater 
 (which Murr styles 'das elende Gewasche'), The- 
 saurus Fidei, Tintinnabulum Sophorum, Epitome 
 liber Mundi, Regula Vitas, Epitimia Fr. R. C., 
 
 Colloquium Rhodostauroticum, 1624, pp. 124- 
 
 125- 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Ilistorien, 1741, 
 ii. p. 256 (Th. ii. B. xvii. c. 18, 30, 31). 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermtiique, 1742, iii. pp. 284, 285, 287. 
 
 Missiv an die hocherleuchtete Briiderschaft des 
 Ordens des Goldenen nnd Rosenkreutzes, 1783, pp. 
 65, 68, 80. 
 
 tteytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 605. 
 
 Vindicice Rhodostauroticae, Apologia F. R. C., 
 Prodromus Fr. R. C. , Portus Tranquillitatis. He 
 also thinks that the real author who wrote under 
 this pseudonym as well as under that of Menapius 
 was Gotthardus Arthusius of Danzig, a man of 
 learning, who had a large share in the compilation 
 of De Bry's Voyages. But the author of the 
 Colloquium Rhodostauroticum seems to distinguish 
 Menapius from Irenseus Agnostus. See AGNOSTUS 
 (IreiiEeus). 
 
 Semler, Unparteiische Samlungen zur Historic 
 der Rosenkreuzer , 1786, i. p. 98 ; 1787, ii. p. 77. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chentie, 1797, i. p. 564, 
 note. 
 
 Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der Rosen- 
 kreuser und des Freymaurerordens , 1803, p. 50. 
 
 Kloss, Bibliographic der Freimaurerei) 1844, Nos. 
 2442, 2477, 2497, 2523, 2526, 2556, 2557, 2559, 
 2560, 2562, 2565, 2566, 2570, 2573, 2588, 2589. 
 
 IREN^US PHILALETHES. 
 
 See PHILALETHES. 
 
 IRRGANGEN (Von den) derer Alchymisten, Auctoris incerti. 
 
 See HOLLANDUS (jOHANN ISAAC), Die Hand der Philosophen, 1667, pp. 317-381. 
 See HOLLANDUS (JOHANN ISAAC), Sammlung unterschiedlicher bewahrter 
 Chymischer Schriften, 1746, pp. 335-400. 
 
 This is not to be confused with van Hoghelande's 
 tract : Von den Irrwegen der Alchemislen, 1600, 4, 
 
 or with Jean de Mehun's Gesprach zwischen der 
 Natura und den irrenden Alchimisten (q.v.). 
 
 ISAAC, HOLLANDUS. 
 
 See HOLLANDUS. 
 
 ITTERSHAGEN (GEORG CHRISTIAN). 
 
 Geheime Scheidung der Metallen und derselben Nutzbarkeit von Georg 
 Christian Ittershagen. 1774. 
 
 8, Pp. [18] 45. [i blank.] 
 
430 
 
 ITTERSHAGEN 
 
 ITTERSHAGEN (GEORG CHRISTIAN). 
 
 The book is dedicated to Christian Friedrich 
 Carl, Margrave of Anspach and Bayreuth, and the 
 dedication is dated Braunschweig, i Nov. , 1773. 
 
 Prior to this time Reaumur had invented the 
 so-called porcelain which went by his name, and 
 Ittershagen in the above not only claimed it as an 
 invention of his own which he offered for sale, but 
 went the length of calling the product the finest 
 
 J. L. ab Indagine, Chemisch-physicalische Neben- 
 stunden, 1780, p. 125. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrie Teutschland oder Lexikon 
 
 Continued, 
 
 genuine porcelain. For this appropriation the 
 author has been severely criticised by J. L. ab 
 Indagine. Of the author there is very little on 
 record. He was at one time ' Kirchennotar ' of 
 the first ' Kreis ' at Riga, afterwards lived privately 
 at Walk. He was a native of the Eichsfield, but no 
 date is given. He died at Riga early last century. 
 
 der jetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1797, 
 iii. p. 560; Supp. i. 1786, p. 314; Supp. iv. 1791, 
 p. 320; Supp. xi. 1834, p. 57. 
 
 Arsenik durch Kunst zu erzeugen. 
 
 See ALLGEMEIN niitzliches chemisch-physikalisches Mancherlei, 1781, i. p. 188. 
 
J.JACQUIN 
 
 J- 
 
 See PETRUS de Zalento, Voin Metallischen Kunststiicke der Weisen. 
 
 J. D. K. 
 
 See K. (j. D.). 
 
 J. (I. N. v. E.). 
 
 See NAXAGORAS (EHRD VON). 
 
 J. J. CHYMIPHILUS. 
 See CHYMIPHILUS. 
 
 JACOB^EUS (OLIGERUS). 
 
 De Oleo Montis Zibinii . . . libellus, 
 See ARIOSTUS (FRANCISCUS). 
 
 Oligerus Jacobaeus, that is Holger Jacobsen, was 
 born at Aarhus, 6 July, 1650. After graduating in 
 Arts and Medicine at Copenhagen he travelled in 
 France, Italy, Hungary, Germany, England and 
 the Low Countries, to perfect himself in the 
 sciences. He made the acquaintance and friend- 
 ship of the most distinguished men of his time and 
 carried on a learned correspondence with them. 
 He returned to Aarhus in 1679, and soon after, in 
 1680, was appointed professor of philosophy and 
 medicine at Copenhagen. He was entrusted also 
 with the arranging of the Royal Collection of 
 Curiosities, of which he printed a description : 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 815. 
 Niceron, Mi 'moires, 1729, i. p. 379 ; 1730, x. 
 
 P- 74- 
 
 Mangel, Bib Hot heca Scriptorum Medicorum t -ijyi, 
 II. i. pp. iii.-x. 
 
 Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1735, xiv. col. 53. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-L.txicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 423- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, n. 
 col. 1820. 
 
 Chaufepi6, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1753, iii. letter I, p. 3. 
 
 Joh. Gottl. Wilh. Dunkel, Historisch-Critische 
 Nachrichten von verstorbenen Gelehrten, Cothen, 
 1753, I. ii. p. 237, No. 373. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 I7SS- P- 77 I 1778, ii. P. 584- 
 
 1690. 
 
 Musceum Regium, Hafnias, 1696, and Supplement, 
 1699, 2 vols. fol. , and he was made a councillor of 
 the Tribunal of Justice, 1699. He died 18 June, 
 1701, from sorrow for the death of his wife. She 
 was a daughter of the famous physician Thomas 
 Bartholinus. 
 
 His papers which were published in the Acta 
 Hafniensia, vols. ii.-v., relate for the most part to 
 the anatomy of animals. The present work, of 
 which he was editor and translator, is described 
 under Ariostus. He wrote also the funeral oration 
 of his father-in-law, Bartholinus, Hafniae, 1681, 4. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de [Anatomic etdela Chirurgic, 
 
 1770, P- S23- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 425. 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practice, 1779, iii. 
 
 p. 360- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 422. 
 
 Biographic Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 336. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 269. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 
 P- 3*- 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorragen- 
 den Aerete, 1886, iii. p. 363 (article by Jul. Petersen). 
 
 Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexikon, 1894, viii. p. 
 376 (by J. Petersen). 
 
 JACQUIN (NicoLAAs JOZEPH). 
 
 Nikolaus Joseph Edlen von Jacquin's kais. konigl. Bergraths, der Chymie 
 und Krauterkunde offentlichen ordentlichen Lehrers an der Hohenschule 
 
432 
 
 JA CQ UINJAMSTHALER 
 
 JACQUIN (NICOLAAS JOZEPH). Continued. 
 
 zu Wien, der kais. Academic der Wissenschaften zu Petersburg, der konigl. 
 Gesellschaft zu Stockholm, Upsal, Mantua, der medicinischen Gesellschaft zu 
 Paris, der churpfalzischen Academic der Wissenschaften zu Mannheim, der 
 physisch-medicinischen Gesellschaft zu Basel, der naturforschenden Freunde 
 zu Berlin, &c. Mitglieds, Anfangsgriinde der medicinisch-practischen Chymie, 
 zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen. Zvveyte Auflage. Wien, gedruckt 
 bey Christian Friederich Wappler. 1785. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 526 [17, i blank]. 
 
 First edition, Wien, 1783 ; third edition, 1791. 
 The book is interesting for being in German, in 
 compliance with the request of the Emperor in 
 1783, that lectures in the University should be 
 delivered in German. 
 
 Nicolaas Jozeph Jacquin (Meusel calls him Jakob) 
 was born at Leyden, 16 Feb., 1727, graduated 
 M.D. and went to Vienna in 1752. During the 
 years 1755-1759 he travelled in America for botani- 
 cal purposes, and on his return was made councillor 
 for mines, professor of chemistry, mining and 
 metallurgy at Schemnitz, and professor of chemistry 
 and botany at Vienna. In 1797 he retired, in 1806 
 he was created a baron, and his death occurred at 
 Vienna 24 (26) Oct., 1817. He worked principally 
 at botany, and took great care of the garden at 
 Vienna, which under his superintendence became 
 one of the most notable in Europe. 
 
 He executed various analyses, but his most 
 important contribution to chemistry was his defence 
 of Black's fixed air against Meyer's ' Acidum pingue' 
 with the title : Examen chymicum doctrinne Meyeri- 
 anse de acido pingui et Blackianse de acre fixo, 
 respectu calcis, Vindob., J. P. Kraus, 1769, 8, 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 490. 
 
 Weigel, Grundriss der reinen und angewandten 
 Chemie, 1777, i. p. 52 ( 54, b). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 60. 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland, oder Lexikon 
 derjetzt lebendcn Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1797, iii. 
 p. 496 ; x. p. 7 ; Nachtrag, i. p. 307 ; ii. p. 155 ; 
 iii. p. 174 ; iv. p. 306 ; v. p. 683 ; vi. p. 303 ; vii. 
 p. 7. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 634 ; 
 1799, iii. pp. 306, 473, 659, 693, 916. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 374, 455, 514. 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1818, xxi. p. 376; or, 
 1858, xx. p. 515. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 337. 
 
 Delvenne, Biographie du Royaume des Pays- 
 Bas, 1829, i. p. 562. 
 
 Raimann, Rede tur Geddchtnifsfeier Nickolaus 
 Joseph Freiherrn v. Jacquin's. 
 
 pp. 96, and in German, 1770, 8. He was violently 
 attacked by the followers of Meyer, but thirty 
 years later Black's view was taught as an estab- 
 lished fact and a part of chemical doctrine by 
 Jacquin's son, Joseph Franz, who succeeded his 
 father at Vienna. See his Elementa Chemia, 1793, 
 i. p. 144, Section xxii. De Acido Carbonico. 
 
 The present work was written with special refer- 
 ence to the needs of the physician and apothecary, 
 and consists purely of descriptions of methods of 
 preparation and of the properties of various com- 
 pounds. The course begins with plants, passes to 
 animals, and closes with minerals. A short course 
 of assaying completes the book. There is no 
 theory ; only a collection of facts clearly enough 
 described. Such explanations as are given are 
 based on phlogiston. The classification of inor- 
 ganic substances throws light on the amount of 
 knowledge then possessed. 
 
 Other works referring to chemistry are : Mis- 
 cellanea Austriaca ad Botanicam, Chemiam et 
 Historian! naturalem spectantia, 1778-81, 4, 2 
 vols. ; Collectanea ad botanicam, chemiam et 
 historian! naturalem spectantia, 1786-96, 5 vols. , 4. 
 
 Ersch & Gruber, Allgemeine Encyklopddie, 1837, 
 2 e Sect., xiv. p. 57. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 364 ; 
 1869, ii. p. 355. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1845, iii. p. 38 ; 
 1847, iv. p. 80. 
 
 Phillippe & Ludwig, Geschichte der Apothektr. 
 1855, pp. 658, 696. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 
 Nederlanden, 1860, ix. p. 69 (and references). 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gentrale, 1861, xxvi. col. 
 
 273- 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographi-sch-literarisches Hand- 
 war terbuch, 1863, i. col. 1185. 
 
 Wurzbach, Biographisches I^exikon des Kaiser- 
 thums Oesterreich, 1863, x. p. 26 (and references). 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1881, xiii. p. 
 631 (by Reichardt). 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 153. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 368. 
 
 JAGER (JOHANN LUDOLPH). 
 
 See INDAGINE (INNOCENTIUS LIBORIUS AB). 
 
 JAMSTHALER (HERBRANDT). 
 
 Viatorium Spagyricum. Das ist : Ein Gebenedeyter Spagyrischer Wegweiser, 
 in den edlen Sonnengarten der Hesperidum zu kommen, vnnd daselbst 
 den Giildenen Tinctur Zweig defs vniversals (sonsten Lapis Philosophorum 
 genandt.) zu erlangen. Alles in einem Historico-Poetischen Discurs sampt 
 
JAMSTHALERJEAN 
 
 433 
 
 JAMSTHALER (HERBRANDT). Continued. 
 
 Erzehlung defs Authoris gantzem Leben, verfast vnd beschrieben durch 
 Herbrandt Jamsthalern. Nunmehr alien Filiis Doctrinae zu Lieb an Tag 
 gegeben, vnd mit schonen in Kupffer gestochenen Figuren gezieret. 
 Franckfurt am Mayn, In Verlegung Lucae Jennisl. Anno M.DC. XXV. 
 8. Pp. [16] 280. 31 engravings. Title and text enclosed in a beaded border. 
 
 In the same volume and apparently forming part 
 of it is Thomas Norton's Crede Mihi (g.v.). 
 
 The engravings are symbolical of hermetical pro- 
 cesses and ideas. The whole poem seems to be an 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . odet Teutsches Fegfeuer 
 der Scheide-Kunst , 1702, p. 73. 
 
 allegory of the preparation of the philosopher's 
 stone. 
 
 Jamsthaler's book is mentioned by Kopp, and is 
 commended at least not condemned in the Feg- 
 feuer. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 384. 
 
 Gedicht vom Stein der VVeisen. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1779, iii. p. 213. 
 
 This is an extract only. 
 
 Vom Stein der Weisen, und zwar von Jamsthalers ersten [zweyten] Tinctur. 
 See v. (j. R.), Guldene Rose. 
 
 JANITOR Pansophus seu Figura Aenea quadripartita cunctis Musgeum hoc 
 introeuntibus, superiorum ac inferiorum scientiam Mosaico-hermeticam 
 analytice exhibens. 
 See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, P- 863. 
 
 JANUS Gobrat Sapiens Manet. 
 
 See MARENGUS (JOANNES BAPTISTA). 
 
 JEAN DE LA FONTAINE. 
 
 Die Fontina der Liebhaber der hohen Wissenschafft. 
 See VIER niitzliche Chymische Tractat, 1612, Sig. Aij. 
 
 This is a translation of the old French hermetic 
 poem ' La Fontaine des Amoureux de Science ' 
 written by Jean de la Fontaine. He was a native 
 of Valenciennes, who lived there in 1413, and wrote 
 this poem. Lenglet Dufresnoy, for the sake of a 
 gibe, has given a fancy picture of him, entirely 
 occupied with researches in his laboratory, except 
 when he shut himself up in his reveries and wrote 
 upon the Hermetic science in French verse, ' c'etoit 
 folie sur folie.' Schmieder, however, has surpassed 
 not merely Lenglet Dufresnoy but even Jean him- 
 self in his reveries, and has set down most 
 wonderful nonsense on the subject. He ascribes 
 the poem to Balthasar Brunner, ' Latin de Fon- 
 tina' (!) a perfectly well-known physician of Halle 
 in the sixteenth century, who appears to have 
 also prosecuted alchemical researches, and whose 
 medical works were printed in 1617 and 1624. 
 Schmieder adds that 'under his latinized name and 
 with a change of his Christian name, certain tracts 
 of his were printed after his death, with the title : 
 ' Johannis de Fontina Vier niitzliche chymische 
 Tractatlein, Halle, 1612, 8.' It would be difficult 
 to put more inaccuracies and unfounded assump- 
 tions into the same space. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy quotes three editions of the 
 poem : an early one, undated, with other pieces in 
 verse ; a second, ' revu et corrige' par Antoine du 
 Moulin, Lyon, chez Jean de Tournes, 1547, 16 ' ; 
 a third, Paris, chez Guillard, 1561, 16, and the 
 reprint in the third volume of the Roman de la 
 Rose, Paris, 1735, 12, 3 vols. Besides these, 
 Pierre Rigaud published an edition : La Metallique 
 Transformation. Contenant trois anciens traictez 
 en rithme Framboise. Lyon, 1618, 16, ff. 88. The 
 three treatises are ' La Fontaine des amoureux de 
 science ' ; ' Les remonstrances de Natur a 1'Alchy- 
 miste errant,' by Jean de Meung ; ' Le Sommaire 
 Philosophique, ' of N. Flamel. The last two seem 
 to have been printed here for the first time, but the 
 first, says the editor (I presume Rigaud himself), 
 had been printed previously at Paris and Lyons, 
 but in a very corrupt manner, and he found it 
 necessary to revise the text, which he did from 
 printed and manuscript copies. He omitted also 
 the illustrations of apparatus contained in the 
 Lyons edition. 
 
 This seems to have been the last of the editions, 
 and the work had dropped into oblivion till it 
 appeared again in a limited issue by Genty: 
 
 2E 
 
434 
 
 JEAN 
 
 JEAN DE LA FONTAINE. Continued. 
 
 La Fontaine des Amoureux de Science composte par 
 lehan de la Fontaine de Valenciennes, en la Comtt 
 de Henault Poeme Hermetique du XV* Siecle 
 Publit par Ach. Genty, Paris, Poulet-Malassis et 
 de Broise, 1861, small square 8, pp. [4] 93 [3]. 
 
 The editor has prefixed an introduction con- 
 taining an outline of the history of alchemy, and 
 added some notes at the end. One regrets that he 
 has given no account of the author and of the 
 previous editions of the book, which would have 
 been more appropriate and useful than the 
 historical sketch. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 247 ; iii. p. 166. 
 
 Georgius Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Afedi- 
 corum chronologicus, 1761, p. 651. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 320. 
 
 Grasse, Lehrbuch ciner allgemeinen Literdr- 
 geschichte, 1842, II. ii. p. 646. 
 
 As Matthise informs us, William Backhouse 
 translated into English certain books of Jean de la 
 Fontaine, and Salomon Trissmosinus. Copies of 
 these translations in Ashmole's handwriting exist 
 among the Ashmolean Manuscripts and are de- 
 scribed by Black. They consist of the present tract 
 by Jean de la Fontaine, the two tracts by Jean de 
 Mehun (q.v.), namely: ' Les Remontrances de 
 Nature,' and 'La Re'ponse de 1'Alchimiste,' and 
 the treatise of Synesius the Greek Abbot. The 
 treatise by Trissmosinus is the 'Golden Fleece.' 
 These translations do not seem to have been 
 printed. 
 
 W. H. Black, A descriptive . . . Catalogue of the 
 Manuscripts bequeathed unfo the University of 
 Oxford by Elias Ashmole, 1845, col. 94, No. 58 
 (Jean de la Fontaine, &c.) ; col. 1089, No. 1395 
 (Trissmosinus). 
 
 JEAN DE MEHUN. 
 
 Per Spiegel der Alchymie des vortreflichen Philosophen Johann von Mehun. 
 Aus dem Lateinisch-Franzosischen iibersetzt. Dem noch beygefiiget worden 
 Ben-Adams Traum-Gesichte durch Floretum a Bethabor ; Nebst Friedrich 
 Galli Reise nach der Einode St. Michael. Ballenstadt und Bernburg, in 
 der Biesterfeldischen Hof-Buchandlung. 1771. 
 
 8. Pp. 44. 45-8 four pp. of Book advertisements. 
 
 Jean, called de Meun, or Meung, or Mehun, or 
 Mehung, or Mesung, or Mung, from his birthplace, 
 and Clopinel, because he was lame, flourished from 
 the middle of the thirteenth century down to 
 about 1330. Dufresnoy says 1280 to 1365, others 
 1250 to 1336. He was a poet at the Court of 
 Philip the Fair, and continued the ' Romance of 
 the Rose,' begun about 1240 by William de Loris. 
 He is said to have introduced into this ' Romance' 
 two poems : ' Les Remontrances de Nature & 
 1'Alchimiste errant,' and 'La R6ponse de 1'Alchi- 
 miste a Nature.' These are contained in the 
 edition of the Romance, Paris, 1735. They are 
 assigned to Jean in the Biographie Universelle, 
 and by Lenglet Dufresnoy and others, but accord- 
 ing to Brunet they are insertions made in the 
 sixteenth century. These works are said to have 
 been printed in a collection of alchemical poems, 
 Lyons, 1557, 8 ; Paris, 1612, 1613, 8. It is 
 contained in Rigaud's collection : La Metallique 
 Transformation, Contenant trots anciens traictez 
 
 Maier, Symbola A urece Menses, 1617, p. 343. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 155. 
 
 Morhof, De transmutatione Metallorum ad . . . 
 Joelem Langelottum . . . Epistola, 1673, p. 133. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 27, No. xxxviii. 
 
 Quetif & Echard, Scriptores Ordinis Prcedica- 
 torum, Lut. Par. 1719, i. p. 741. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. p. 193 ; iii. p. 234. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, i. 
 col. 1969 (under Clopinel). 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 94. 
 
 Les Bibliotheques Francoises de La Croix du 
 Maine et de Du Verdier, 1772, i. pp. 545-8. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, 
 PP. 634, 675. 
 
 en rithme Francoise, Lyon, 1618, ff. 25-58. See 
 the note to JEAN de la Fontaine. 
 
 As for the Miroir d'alchymie some regard it as 
 genuine, but Hoefer is of opinion that it is spurious. 
 It was printed along with the ' Miroir ' of Roger 
 Bacon, Lyons, 1557, pp. 109-134, and in the 
 reprint of the 1557 collection, Paris, chez Charles 
 Sevestre, 1612, 8, pp. 3-33. The Beytrag calls it 
 an " unimportant fragment." 
 
 To Jean de Mehun is also ascribed the first work 
 on fortune-telling in French. The editions men- 
 tioned by Grasse are: Paris, 1556, 4"; 1577, 8; 
 1615, 8 ; Lyons, 1580, 8. Those which are now 
 before me are the following : Le plaisant leu du 
 Dodechedron de Fortune, . . . renouuellg & change' 
 de sa premiere edition, Paris, 1560, 4, pp. [40, 
 and two tables of two leaves each mounted on 
 guards], cxliiii. The other is the very rare English 
 translation : The Dodechedron of Fortune ; or, 
 the Kxercise of a Quick Wit . . . Englished by 
 Sr. W. B. Knight, London, 1613, 4, pp. [26] 144. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 59, 
 
 37- 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 164. 
 
 Grasse, Lehrbuch einer allgemeinen Literiir- 
 geschichte, 1842, II. ii. pp. 633, 638, 1082, 1083, 
 1088; 1852, III. i. p. 664. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 407 ; 
 1866, i. p. 429. 
 
 Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles au 
 May en Age, 1853, p. 387. 
 
 Figuier, LAlchimie et les alchimistes, 1856, 
 p. 88. 
 
 Histoire Litteraire de la France, 1856, xxiii. pp. 
 1-61. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, Paris, no date, xxviii. 
 P- 149- 
 
JEAN 
 
 435 
 
 JEAN DE MEHUN. Continued. 
 
 Brunei, Manuel du Libraire, 1862, iii. col. 1679. Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaro/, Sciences 
 Hoefer, Nouvelle Biographic Ctntrale, 1865, Secretes, 1870, No. 788-794. 
 
 xxxv. col. 242. Kopp, Die AlcAemie, 1886, i. p. 6 ; ii. pp. 311, 
 
 32*, 353- 378, 393- 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Beweifs der Natur, welchen sie den irrenden Alchymisten thut 
 See WASSERSTEIN der Weisen, 1619, p. 156. 
 See WASSERSTEIN der Weisen, 1704, p. 128. 
 See WASSERSTEIN der Weisen, 1743, p. 118. 
 
 Demonstratio Naturae. 
 
 See MUSAEUM HERMETICUM, 1749, p, 145. 
 
 Ein Gesprach zwischen der Natura vnd den irrenden Alchimisten. 
 See VIER niitzliche Chymische Tractat, 1612, sig. Cj verso. 
 
 Ausziige aus einer Abhandlung welche den Titel hat : Wasserstein der Weifsen. 
 See MAGAZIN fur die hohere Naturwissenschaft und Chemie, 1787, ii. p. 365. 
 
 JEAN DE ROQUETAILLADE. 
 
 See RUPESCISSA (JOHANNES DE). 
 
 JEAN XXII. 
 
 L'Art Transmutatoire. 
 
 See BACON (ROGER), De 1* Admirable Pouvoir et Puissance de 1'Art & de 
 Nature, 1629. 
 
 Extravagans de Crimine falsi. 
 
 See KIRCHER (ATHANASIUS), Mundus Subterraneus, 1665, ii. p. 309. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 102. 
 
 The first work is said to have been originally 
 written in Latin. 
 
 To Pope John XXII. is also ascribed a tract: 
 'L'Elixir des Philosophes,' which with the pre- 
 ceding appeared at Lyons, 1557, small 8vo, pp. 
 205, in company with Roger Bacon's work : ' le 
 Miroir d'Alquimie,' and others. 
 
 This pope, who lived from 1244 to 1334, and 
 resided at Avignon, converted the palace, it is said, 
 into a laboratory, where he pursued the art of 
 transmutation, which he had acquired from Ar- 
 naldus de Villanova or Raymund Lully. His 
 labours were attended with such success that he 
 left behind him twenty-five millions of florins, 
 which Lenglet Dufresnoy endeavours to show he 
 had no means of acquiring except by his alchemical 
 operations. Perhaps it was owing to his possessing 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 121 (the 
 1557 edition) ; 1656, p. 115. 
 
 Kircher, Mundus Subterraneus, 1665, ii. p. 308 ; 
 1678, ii. p. 328. 
 
 the secret and to his success in using it, that he 
 promulgated in 1317 his famous bull against the 
 alchemists, printed by Kircher and Manget : 
 Spondent quas non exhibent divitias pauperes 
 alchymistae. He may have found by observation 
 and experience that they were ignorant, and he 
 may have wished to prevent them learning what 
 he knew. Whatever that was, he has taken care 
 not to reveal it in the books of which he is the 
 reputed author. 
 
 This contradiction not unprecedented between 
 precept and practice, has caused some perturbation 
 of mind among later critics. Lenglet Dufresnoy 
 ignores the bull and acknowledges the alchemy ; 
 Kircher does the reverse ; Wiegleb tries to reconcile 
 the two. Anyhow the pursuit of alchemy was not 
 stopped by the edict. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Herm/Stiqite , 1742, i. pp. 187-193, 468 ; iii, pp. 41, 
 190. 
 
436 
 
 JEAN JOEL 
 
 JEAN XXII. Continued. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 1904 (inserts ' De arte metallorum transmu- 
 tatoria ' among his writings). 
 
 Wiegleb, Historisch-kritische Untersuchung der 
 Alchemie, 1793, p. 226. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 55. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 159. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 407 ; 
 1866, i. p. 431. 
 
 Figuier, L'Alchimieet les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 
 117, 119. 
 
 ~La.Ara.g\iQ,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 787. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 18, 225. 
 
 JESUS. 
 
 See v. (j. R.), M.D., Giildene Rose, No. ii. 
 
 JM GOLDE SUCHT. 
 
 See SCHMID (j. o.), 1706. 
 
 JOB. 
 
 Prodromus Jobi Chymici. 
 
 See MAULL (JOHANN PHILLIP), Griindliche Beschreibung . . . 1714. 
 
 JOEL (FRANCISCUS), 
 
 Francisci Joelis, Weyl. der Artzney Doctors, und Professors zu Gryphswald, 
 Chirurgia oder Wund-Artzney : In sieben Theile abgetheilet, und durch 
 aufserlesene Fragen und deutliche Auslegungen erklaret. Anitzo alien 
 Wund-Aertzten, zu grossen Nutzen, in Teutscher Sprach zum erstenmahl 
 heraus gegeben. Niirnberg, Verlegts Johann Daniel Tauber. Druckts 
 Christian Sigismund Froberger. Im Jahr 1680. 
 
 8. Pp. [23, i blank] 520. Engraved title included in the pagination. 
 
 Joel was born on i Sept., 1508, at Szolos, in 
 the district of Oedenburg in Hungary, and was 
 educated at Olmutz and Vienna. When he was 
 aged 1 8 he took up the study of medicine, and 
 lived from 1526 with a physician at Neustadt till 
 1538, when he removed to Leipzig and then to 
 Wittenberg and Berlin. After staying some time 
 there he was summoned to Gustrow by Prince 
 Albert to be court apothecary. 'In 1543 he 
 married and went to Stralsund, but in 1549 or 
 1551, on account of religious differences, he retired 
 to Greifswald to practice medicine. After four 
 years he was appointed town physician and took 
 his licence at Rostock. In 1559 he was admitted 
 professor at Greifswald, and was rector of the 
 university in 1568 and 1577. In 1562 he was 
 married for the second time. His death occurred 
 20 Oct., 1579. He was the most distinguished 
 professor at Greifswald in the sixteenth century. 
 
 He began to publish after he had been forty 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 288. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, pp. 245 (Int. vii. 13) ; 254 (Add. 
 vii. 13, * & * *). 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, II. i. p. xxvi. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 239, 266, 267, 730. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1735, x ' v - c l- 1048- 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 430. 
 
 Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 19x10. 
 
 Christ. Steph. Scheffel, Vita Professorum Medi- 
 corum in Academia Gryphiswaldensi, 1756, p. 30. 
 
 years in practice. His works deal with medical 
 topics, and include some of interest from a 
 historical point of view : Dissertatio de Paracelsicis 
 quoestionibus, 1571 ; De morbis hyperphysicis et 
 rebus magicis Theses : cum Appendice de ludis 
 Lamiarum in Monte Bructerorum quern Blocksberg 
 vocant, Rostochii, 1580, 8, in which he attacked 
 the superstition and alchemy of Thurneysser, and 
 provoked thereby a controversy. His name also is 
 attached to a tract of a different class : Summa 
 Scoticae concionis de sanctificatione Sabbathi per F. 
 Joelem excerpta. The collected edition of his 
 works was begun by Matthasus Bachmeister in 
 1616, continued by his son Franciscus Joel, and by 
 his grandson of the same name, to 1630, 1631, at 
 Hamburg, Liineburg, and Rostock, in six volumes, 
 4, and then at Amsterdam in 1663, in a revised 
 edition. His promised work latrochemia was not 
 included in the above. In his medical views he was 
 opposed to Paracelsus. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 336. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 300 ; 
 1775, ii. p. 603. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practices, 1777, ii. 
 pp. 285, 288. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecint, 
 1778, ii. p. 604. 
 
 Biographie Midicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 25). v - P- 356. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 p. 546. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historigve de la Mtde- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 279. 
 
 Gottlieb Mohnike, Des Johannes Frederus Leben 
 und geistliche Gesdnge, Stralsund, 1840, iii. pp. 7, 35. 
 
JOELJOHANN 437 
 
 JOEL (FRANCISCUS). Continued. 
 
 Kosegarten, Geschichte der Universitdt Greifs- Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 246. 
 
 wald, 1857, i. p. 203. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 Harz Zeitung, 1870, p. 882. genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 399 (by Pagel). 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1881, xiv. p. Zur Geschichte der Brockenreisen, Harzburg, 
 
 112 (by Pyl). 1891, 5th ed., p. 67 (in R. Steinhoff's ' Nachtrag'). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. p. in. 
 
 JOHANN VON MEHUNG. 
 
 See JEAN DE MEHUN. 
 
 JOHANN VON MESUNG. 
 
 See JEAN DE MEHUN. 
 
 JOHANN DE MONTE CUBITI. 
 See MONTE CUBITI (JOHANN DE). 
 
 JOHANN DE MONTE HERMETIS. 
 
 See MONTE HERMETIS (JOHANN DE). 
 
 JOHANN DE MONTE RAPHAIM. 
 
 See MONTE RAPHAIM (jOHANN DE). 
 
 JOHANN DE MONTE-SNYDER. 
 
 See MONTE-SNYDER (jOHANN DE). 
 
 JOHANN VON TETZEN. 
 
 Johannis Ticinensis, eines Bohmischen Priesters, Anthonii de Abbatia, eines 
 in der Kunst erfahrnen Monchs, und Edoardi Kellaei eines Welt- behriihmten 
 Engelanders vortreffliche und aufsfiihrliche Chymische Biicher, Allen der 
 Geheimen und Hohen Kunst-Liebhabern zu Nutz und mercklichem Unterricht 
 in Teutscher Sprach iibergesetzet, und heraufs gegeben durch einen, der 
 niemals gnug gepriesenen Wissenschafft, sonderbahren Beforderer. Mit 
 einer Warnungs-Vorrede wider die Sophisten und Betrieger. Hamburg, 
 In Verlegung Gottfried Liebezeits. 1691. 
 
 8. Pp. 160. 
 
 Vorrede, p. 3. J. de Tetzen, Aenigma, p. 70. 
 
 J. de Tetzen, Processus, Latin and German, Antonius de Abbatia, Sendbrieff, p. 85. 
 p. 42. E. Kellaeus, Tractat an Rudolphum, p. 113. 
 
 Processus de Lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 See DREY vortreffliche . . . Chymische Biicher, 1670, p. 42. 
 
 Chymische Schrifften; oder Process vom Stein der Weisen. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. 
 p. 607. 
 
 In his historical introduction the editor of the chemist who had copied, as clearly as he could, the 
 
 above collection says that Johannes Ticinensis was original MS. written in 1412 illegibly in a monkish 
 
 a priest in the kingdom of Bohemia, who had hand, and translated it into German rhymes from 
 
 lived some three hundred years earlier, that is the Latin. 
 
 about 1370, a very learned man with much practice Schmieder says he was a contemporary of 
 
 in the art, as he was informed by an experienced Basilius Valentinus, and that though his name in 
 
438 
 
 JOHANN JOHANNES 
 
 JOHANN VON TETZEN. Continued. 
 
 German looks like that of a Pomeranian noble, and 
 in the Latin like that of an Italian, he was in 
 reality a Bohemian monk, and was named after 
 his birth-place, perhaps Teschen in Upper Silesia 
 which is not in Bohemia. Schmieder's hypo- 
 thetical biographies must be received with reserva- 
 tions, a priest in Bohemia is not necessarily a 
 Bohemian monk, and the date not to say the 
 existence -of Basilius Valentinus is quite unde- 
 termined. Kopp accepts the date and the 
 Bohemianism ; Fictuld desires beginners to hold 
 him in respect on account of his writings : but 
 Borrichius is not of the same opinion when he 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 15, No. xxi. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 148. 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 77. 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 209. 
 
 calls him "scriptor multae caliginis, et quo sine 
 insigni damno posset carere haec disciplina. " 
 
 The first edition of the present collection has the 
 title : Drey vortreffliche und noch nie im Druck 
 gewesene Chymische Biicher. als I. Johannis 
 Ticinensis eines Bohmischen Priesters opusculum 
 genandt Processus de Lapide Philosophorum . . . 
 Hamburg, in Verlegung Johan Nauman, 1670, 8, 
 pp. 160. The above is almost a line for line and 
 page for page reprint of this edition. 
 
 johann von Tetzen's two works are entitled : 
 'Processus de Lapide Philosophorum,' in 141 
 stanzas of rhyming Latin verse, and the other 
 is in prose and is called 'Enigma.' 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1077. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 205; ii. pp. 
 310, 33 6 - 35*- 
 
 JOHANNES VON DER FONTINA. 
 
 See JEAN DE LA FONTAINE. 
 
 JOHANNES DE PADUA. 
 
 Arcanum de multiplicatione philosophica in qualitate. 
 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 252. 
 See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 221. 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 193. 
 
 Libri Secretorum de Lapide Philosophorum. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die Gulden Arch, Schatz- und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part ii. 
 
 p. 32. 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen (1708), p. 376. 
 
 Lilium inter Spinas. 
 
 See NEANDER (THEOPHILUS), Heptas Alchymica, 1621, p. 157. 
 
 Praxis de Lapide Minerali. 
 
 See SCHAUBERDT (JOHANN), Consummata Sapientia, 1681, p. 31. 
 
 Vollendete heilige Weisheit. 
 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., 1778, i. p. 283. 
 
 Kopp raises the question if this tract is identical 
 with that published by Schauberdt ; it is ; but the 
 order is different, and there are some verbal 
 alterations, and different spelling. 
 
 Schauberdt Eroffnete Geheimnisse 
 
 pp. 168-213 Lib. I. pp. 376-393. 
 pp. 31- 49 Lib. II. pp. 393-399- 
 pp. 49-165 Lib. III. pp. 399-447- 
 In Schauberdt' s edition there is no division into 
 books, and in pp. 213-230 there is a Kurze Wieder- 
 holung which is not included in the other. 
 
 No account of this writer is forthcoming. Maier 
 calls him ' Germanicus scriptor, ' which seems out 
 of keeping with his name, and says that though he 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aurece Menses, 1617, p. 267. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Afetallicce, 
 1732, p. 109. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, 11. 
 col. 1935. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 117. 
 
 has entered into the minutest details of manipula- 
 tion as if that were the chief thing, yet he conceals 
 some wheat among that chaff, and gives important 
 directions for the preparation of the stone. Inci- 
 dentally he makes some curious observations upon 
 different kinds of springs and baths. Fictuld com- 
 mends him for his clear and complete exposition. 
 In the Beytrag an edition dated Magdeburg, 1602, 
 4, is mentioned as well as that of Frankfurt, 1681, 
 12. Jocher ascribes to him the tract Lilium inter 
 Spinas (though, according to others, it was written 
 by Grasshof), Viridarium Mathematicorum, and 
 De Imperio et Jurisdiction. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 585. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 503. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, No. 1075. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 220, note *. 
 
JOHANNESJORDAN 439 
 
 JOHANNES PAUPERUM. 
 
 Abbreviatio . . . de Secretis Secretorum. 
 
 See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . Volumen Tertium, 1610, p. 131. 
 
 JOHANNISKRAUT (Das), chemisch-medicinisch abgehandelt, von Anthropo- 
 Mago-Botanophilo. Leipzig, verlegts Adam Friedrich Bohme 1781. 
 
 8. Pp. 76 [2 blank]. 
 At the end is an alphabetical list of all the writers who have referred to this plant. 
 
 JOHNSON (WILLIAM). 
 Lexicon Chymicum. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 217. 
 
 Johnson, who lived in London at Amen Corner 1652, Small 8, pp. [2 blank, 16] 250 [4 blank] ; 
 
 in the middle of the seventeenth century was a Liber Secundus, 1653 : pp. [7, i blank], Vita 
 
 chemist and follower of Paracelsus. The Lexicon Paracelsi [15, i blank], Lexicon, 86 [2 blank] 
 
 was published with the following title in red and Chemical characters, errata, and licence to print 
 
 black : [16]. 
 
 Lexicon Chymicum. Cum obscuriorum Ver- The book was again published by Nealand in 
 
 borum, et Rerum Hermeticarum, turn Phrasium 1660, in a larger 8, pp. [12] 259, [i blank] ; Liber 
 
 Paracelsicarum, in scriptis ejus : et aliorum Chy- Secundus, 1660: pp. [24] 72 .characters [n, 5 blank], 
 
 micorum, passim occurrentium, planam explica- Besides these Mercklin mentions an edition by 
 
 tionem continens. Per Gulielmum Johnsonum Nealand, 1657, 8 ; Francofurti apud Wendelinum 
 
 Chymicum. Londini, excudebat G. D. impensis Moewaklt, 1676, 8, and this revised and corrected 
 
 Gulielmi Nealand, apud quern prostant venales sub by Joh. Christoph Vogelsang, Francof. et Lipsiae, 
 
 Signo Coronas, in vico vulg6 vocato Duck-lane, apud Johannem Henricum Ellingerum, 1678, 8. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 379. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum,ijT,i, Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 62, 190. 
 
 II. i. p. xxvi. Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallic^, col. 1952. 
 
 1732, p. 77. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 622. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon^ 1740, 
 P- 43i- 
 
 JOLY (GABRIEL). 
 
 Trois Anciens Traictez de la Philosophie Naturelle. 
 
 1. Les Sept Chapites (sic) dorez, ou bien les sept Sceaux Egyptiens, & la 
 Table d'Esmeraude d'Hermes Trismegiste. 
 
 2. La Response de Messire Bernard Conte de la Marche Treuisane, a 
 Thomas de Boulongne, Medecin du Roy Charles huictiesme. 
 
 3. La Chrysopee de lean Aurelle Augurel, qui enseigne 1'art de faire 1'or. 
 Les deux premiers n'ont encore est traduits en Franois, & le troisiesme est 
 
 corrige des fautes suruenues en la precedente impression. Par Gabriel loly. 
 A Paris, Chez Charles Hulpeau, demeurant a la rue Dauphine a 1'Escharpe 
 Royale, & en sa boutique sur le Pont-neuf, proche les Augustins. 
 M.DC.XXVI. Avec Privilege du Roi. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 89 (for 81) [i]. This copy wants Augurellus' poem. 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 107. 
 
 JORDAN (JOHANN LUDWIG). 
 
 loannis Ludovici Jordan Gottingensis Societatis Phys. Getting. Sodalis 
 Disquisitio Chemica Evictorum Regni Animalis Ac Vegetabilis Elementorum. 
 In Certamine Literario Civium Academiae Georgiae Augustae Die IV. lunii 
 
44 JORDAN JUGEL 
 
 JORDAN QOHANN LUDWIG). Continued. 
 
 M DCC XCIX. Praemio A Rege M. Britanniae Aug. Constitute A Medi- 
 corum Ordine Ornata. 
 
 In contemplatione naturae nihil potest videri superuacuum. Plin. 
 Gottingae Typis Joann. Christian. Dieterich. No date (1799?). 
 
 4. Pp. iv. 88. 
 
 Jordan (1771-1853) was a physician at Clausthal, and chemistry in Crell's, Scherer's and Schweigger's 
 
 afterwards warden of the Mint and teacher of journals. The above was crowned by the Gottingen 
 
 chemistry and smelting in the mining school there. Academy. 
 He was the author of papers on mineralogy, mining 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- Royal Society, Catalogue of Scientific Papers, 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1202. 1869, iii. p. 578. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 JOSEPHUS WESTPHALUS. 
 
 See WESTPHALUS (JOSEPHUS). 
 
 JOURNAL de Physique, de Chimie, et d'Histoire Naturelle. 
 See OBSERVATIONS sur la Physique, etc. 
 
 JUNGKEN QOHANN HELFRICH). 
 
 See JUNGKEN (JOHANN HELFRICH). 
 
 JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). 
 
 Johann Gottfried Jugels hochstniitzliches Berg- und Schmeltz-Buch, in Zwey 
 Theile getheilet. In dem ersten Theil wird gehandelt von der wahren 
 natiirlichen Erzeugung derer Mineralien und Metallen in denen Adern 
 der Erden, samt ihren besondern Eigenschaften, auch wie dieselben zu 
 erfinden seyn. In dem andern Theil wird gehandelt von dem schlechten 
 Zustande des ietzigen Berg-Wesens, ferner von der wahren natiirlichen und 
 noch nie entdeckten Rostung, Beschickung und Schmeltzung derer Ertze, auch 
 von der Stein- und Kupfer-Seigerung. Nebst einem Anhange, daraus zu 
 sehen, die Fiirtreflichkeit derer in Schlesien befindlichen edlen und sehr 
 reichen Gold- und Silber-haltigen Ertz-Gebiirgen, wie nemlich dieselben zu 
 Hohen Landes-Herrschaftl. Interessen und des gantzen Landes Besten 
 konten genutzet werden. Allen Liebhabern der Metallurgie zu grossem 
 Nutzen, und dem edlen Bergbau zur Aufnahm und Erhebung, aus dem 
 Lichte der Natur, durch eigene Praxin entdecket. Berlin, zu finden bey 
 Johann Andreas Riidiger. 1743. 
 
 8. Pp. [i-n] 12-189 [i blank] 5 plates. 
 
 Dicta Philosophica, oder General-Physik dieser sichtbaren Welt, von der 
 Generation aller Dinge, aus der wahren Prima Materia, besonders aber der 
 Geschopfe im mineralischen Reich ; der Creaturen Auf- und Untergang, wie 
 
JUGEL 441 
 
 JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). Continued. 
 
 auch deren Verherrlichung daraus zu erkennen ; den Grund zu den hochsten 
 Geheimnissen der Natur zu erlangen ; alle geheime Wirkungen offenherzig 
 zu betrachten, dafs dadurch der so lang verborgene Nutzen mit Augen zu 
 sehen und zu begreifen. Nach einer sechs und zwanzig jahrigen Unter- 
 suchung, aus lauter natiirlichen Erfahrungen dargestellet, von Johann 
 Gottfried Jugel, der geheimen Naturwissenschaften Cultore. Brefslau, 
 
 1764. bey Johann Ernst Meyer. 
 
 8. Pp. 316 [2] [a blank]. 
 
 Johann Gottfried Jugels freyentdeckte Experimental-Chymie, oder Versuch den 
 Grund natiirlicher Geheimnisse durch die Anatomie und Zerlegungskunst, 
 in dem astralischen, animalischen, vegetabilischen und mineralischen Reiche 
 durch systematische Grundsatze, Lehrsatze, Beweise, Gegensatze, Gegen- 
 beweise, Anmerkungen, Versuche, Erfahrungen und darauf folgende Schliisse, 
 nebst dem deutlichen Naturbegriffe der metallischen Generation, wie solche 
 taglich in der Erde getrieben wird, durch eine lange Untersuchung, also 
 vorzustellen, dafs es ein jeder Naturforschender einsehen und erkennen 
 kann ; In zwey Theile abgefasset, und zu jedermanns Nutzen und Vergniigen 
 dem Drucke liberlassen. Leipzig, verlegts Johann Paul Kraufse, Buch- 
 handler, 1766. 
 
 8. Pp. [14] 1-208 [209-214] 215-368. Frontispiece : Author's likeness, and 
 raining scene below it [a]. Pp. 209-214 contain the Vorbericht of part 2, and are 
 not numbered. 
 
 Kopp's remark is that this is anything but a treatise on experimental chemistry in the common sense 
 of the term. 
 
 Goldmacher-Catechismus in Frag und Antwort, zum Nutzen und Vergniigen 
 aller derjenigen, welche in diesem Hospital krank darnieder liegen, lehrend, 
 wie sie wieder zur wahren Erkanntnifs gelangen konnen. aufrichtig beschrieben 
 von einem Liebhaber in Philadelphia. Berlin und Leipzig, 1776, bey 
 Christian Ulrich Ringmacher. 
 
 8. Pp. viii. 80. 
 
 The Vorbericht is signed "Der Autor Chyguliemist," which is obviously an anagram for "Jugel, 
 Chymist." 
 
 Griindliche Nachricht von dem wahren metallischen Saamen, oder Prima Materia 
 Metallorum, wie aus derselbe das gantze mineralische Reich seinen Ursprung 
 hat. Nach eigener Erfahrung gepriifet, durch ordentliche Wiirckungen der 
 Natur bestatiget, und auf eine vorher noch unbekannte Art der Welt mit- 
 getheilet, durch Johann Gottfried Jugel. Philos. Cult. Leipzig und 
 
 Zittau, Verlegts Johann Jacob Schops, Buchhandler. 1754. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 184. 
 Kopp says there was another edition in 1766. He gives an abstract of Jugel's views. 
 
 Sehr geheim gehaltene und nunmehro frey entdeckte experimentirte Kunst- 
 Stiicke die schonsten und raresten Farben zu verfertigen; ingleichen die 
 Vergoldung und Versilberung, sowohl kalt, als im Feuer, auf Metall, Glas 
 
442 JUGEL 
 
 JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). Continued. 
 
 und Porcellain, den feinsten gelben und weissen Tombac, rare Compositionen 
 der Edelgesteine, Glasuren, Holz- und Stein-Vergoldung zu machen ; wie 
 auch Anweisung, das metallische Wachsthum zu befordern, das Gold radicaliter 
 aufzuschliefsen, unreife Edelgesteine zur Reife zu bringen, fleckichte und 
 gelbe Diamanten zu reinigen, und den blassen ihr Feuer wieder zu geben ; 
 nebst vielen andern unbekannten chemischen Experimenten, und geheimen 
 Naturarbeiten. Den Chemicis, Mahlern, Goldschmieden, Lackirern, und 
 andern Natur- und Kunst-Liebhabern zum Nutzen und Vergniigen heraus- 
 gegeben. Mit einem vollstandigen Register. Zwey Theile. Neueste und 
 durchgangig verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Zittau und Leipzig, bey 
 Johann David Schops, 1789. 
 
 8. Pp. [10] 288 ; 306 [17, 3 blank]. 
 
 Philosophische Unterredung zwischen dem Fliegenden Mercurium und einem 
 gemeinen Schmeltzer, worinnen gantz vollkommen und grundlich gezeiget 
 und gewiesen wird, das sonst noch nie entdeckte und zu der grossen Welt- 
 Oeconomie hochst benothigte wahre und natiirliche geheime Rost- und 
 Schmeltz-Wesen, alle fluchtige und subtil-Metallhaltige Ertz- und Berg- 
 Arten, den erforderten Umstanden nach, mit ihren dazu gehorigen Beschick- 
 ungen zu zeitigen und figiren ; Nebst einem vollkommenen und griindlichen 
 Bericht der Natur und Creatur, wie solche nach dem irrdischen Verlauff 
 aller Zeiten durch den Geist ihrer Geburth wieder aufgeloset, und in ihr 
 erstes Wesen gelangen mogen, zu einem augenscheinlichen Beweifs in 
 Regnum Minerale ausgefiihret, welche geheime Wahrheiten durch dem 
 Grund der Natur noch niemahls so deutlich sind erfunden und an das 
 Licht gestellet worden. Wobey auch ferner mit angefuhret wird, wie die 
 itzigen Rost- und Schmeltz- Arbeiten auf denen meisten Haupt-Gebiirgen 
 Teutschlandes eingerichtet und getrieben werden. Zur griindlichen Erkantnifs 
 der wahren Natur, zu Erforschung ihrer Heimlichkeiten, und Erhebung des 
 edlen Bergbaues in alien Landen, durch eigene Experimente entdecket 
 von Johann Gottfried Jugel. Berlin, zu finden bey Johann Andreas 
 Riidigern, privil. Buchhandl. 1743. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-9 frontispiece included] 10-254 [2 blank]. Title red and black. 
 
 Johann Gottfried Jugels Physica-Subterranea, oder Bewegungskraft der element- 
 ischen Wirkungen, die auf und in unserm mineralischen Erdboden verrichtet 
 werden. Ein Opus aller seiner gefundenen geheimen Einsichten in das 
 dreyfache grofse Naturreich, das Unsichtbare sichtbar, und das Umbegreif- 
 liche begreiflich und vorstellig zu machen, welches er nach einer 46jahrigen 
 Naturforschung, als ein Freund aller Menschen, also aufrichtig mittheilet. 
 Berlin und Leipzig, bey George Jacob Decker 1783. 
 
 8. Pp. [i.-ix.] x.-xvi. 552. 
 
 Von der Scheidung der Vier Elementen aus dem Ersten Chaos, und wie 
 nach deren eingepflanzten Liebe eines in dem andern unaufhorlich seine 
 
JUGELJUNCKER 
 
 443 
 
 JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). Continued. 
 
 Wurkung verrichtet, aus deren Qualitaten so vielerley Ausgeburten in alien 
 dreyen Reichen zu Tage gebracht warden, zusamt, wie die Quinta Essentia 
 solcher Wiirkung der Mercurius Vniversalis, als die Prima Materia aller 
 geschaffenen Dinge, sowol in truckner als liquider Gestalt ganz rein, lauter 
 und unverfalscht daraus zu erlangen sey. Allen Liebhabern natiirlicher 
 Geheimnisse zu einem Grund ihrer Erkenntnifs geleget von I. G. I. 
 Einem emsigen Erforscher derselbigen. Berlin, Bey Johann Andreas 
 Rudiger. 1 744. 
 
 8. Pp. [16 frontispiece included] 348 [4 blank]. Title red and black. " Fiir 
 Theosophen lehrreich," says the Beytrag. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wants the blank leaves. 
 
 Johann Gottfried Jugel was born in 1707 (com- 
 pare his Physica Subterranea, 1783, in trie dedica- 
 tion where he says he is in his 76th year). Though 
 not a native Prussian he was created by the King a 
 ' Bergdirector ' in 1742. After 1771 he lived in 
 Berlin, and on account of his reputed knowledge of 
 chemistry became a member of the Rosicrucian 
 Society. All his life had been devoted to the 
 investigation of nature, and ' in six and thirty 
 pieces he had recorded his views in the Mathe- 
 matical, Mining and Occult sciences.' He died in 
 May, 1786, at Berlin, in his 79th year. 
 
 Kopp has taken some trouble with him. As a 
 rule Kopp is one of the fairest of critics, a placid 
 judge, an unwarped and generous historian, 
 deciding the merits of each one by his own time 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 80. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 426. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 70. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 667, 673. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsettung und Ergdnzungen zu . . . 
 Jochers allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 
 
 2344- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 234 ; 
 1799, iii. pp. 56, 67, 964. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 277, 311, 313, 348, 359, 362, 384, 399. 
 
 and not by that of his. But over Jugel he has all 
 but lost his temper, and his criticism is all the more 
 severe that he is hardly ever provoked to such an 
 outburst. He quotes in full the titles of some of the 
 books above given so that the author may be 
 judged of by them, but he admits that he has had 
 difficulty in getting passages short and charac- 
 teristic out of the 'coagulum of nonsense' which 
 they contain. At the end he says that it requires 
 some effort to examine and estimate such literature, 
 and he considers that he has given proof that the 
 science of the later Rosicrucians was pseudo-science 
 of the most contemptible kind. 
 
 Some of Jugel's books are quoted by Gmelin, 
 and he is included by Poggendorff. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1806, vi. pp. 
 319-322. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 527, 546. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1208. 
 
 \ja*A.ra%\3K,BibliothequeOu'varoff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 1399-1405, 1509. 
 
 Allgetneine Deutsche Biographie, 1881, xiv. p. 658 
 (by Gumbel). 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 253-257. 
 
 JUNCKER (JOHANN). 
 
 Conspectus Formularum Medicarum, Exhibens Tabulis XVI. Tarn Methodum 
 Rationalem, Quam Remediorum Specimina, ex Praxi Stahliana Potissimum 
 Desumta et Therapiae Generali Accommodata. Auctore D. Joanne Junckero, 
 Medicinae Practice Orphanotrophei Halensis, Halae Magdeburgicae, Litteris 
 et Impensis Orphanotrophei M DCC XXIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [4] 112. Title red and black. Vignette of a sower, with the motto : Illo 
 splendente levabor. 
 
 Johann Junker, or Juncker, was born at Lehn- 
 dorff, near Giessen, 23 Dec., 1679 [23 Sept., 1679 
 (Hirsch); 3 June, 1680 (Eloy) ; others 1683], 
 studied at Giessen, Marburg, and Halle, where he 
 was teacher in 1701-2, and 1707 at the Royal 
 
 Psedagogy. He studied medicine at Erfurt, and 
 practised in Witgenstein and Lingen, he then 
 returned to Halle, became ordinary physician to 
 the Paedagogy and Orphanage in 1716, took the 
 degree of M.D. in 1717, vras created professor of 
 
444 
 
 JUNCKER-JUNGKEN 
 
 JUNCKER QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 medicine in the university, and was subsequently 
 promoted to be a Prussian Hofrath. He died 25 
 October, 1759. 
 
 He was a devoted adherent of Stahl, and 
 advocated his doctrines in a vast number of 
 academic dissertations on medicine, and he com- 
 piled a series of works entitled 'Conspectus,' viz. : 
 'Conspectus Therapias specialis,' 1707; 'Con- 
 spectus Medicinae," 1718 ; 'Conspectus Chirurgiae,' 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca ScriptorumMedicorum, 1731, 
 II. i. pp. xxxv. -xxxviii. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischcn 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 796. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 193. 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 556. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de t Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iv. p. 578. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 435; 
 1772, ii. 230. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. pp. 58, 
 621. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 235. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines Practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 P- 479- 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 624 (refers to another Johann Juncker, 
 at least fifty years earlier, who wrote a poetical 
 paraphrase of Hippocrates' Aphorisms, Erfurt, 1619, 
 12, and Compendiosa Methodus therapeutica, Ib. 
 1624, 4). 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 36. 
 
 Adelung, Fortsetzung . . . zu . . . Jb'chers 
 allgemeinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1787, ii. col. 2347. 
 
 1721 ; ' Conspectus Therapias generalis,' 1725 ; and 
 his ' Conspectus Chemise theoretico-practicse,' 1730- 
 1734, translated into German by Johann Joachim 
 Lange, 1749-1753, and into French by Jacques 
 Fran9ois Demachy, Paris, 1757, in 6 vols. Some 
 of these passed through several editions. They 
 are arranged in tables, a catalogue of which is 
 given by Manget. 
 
 Fried. Carl Gottlob Hirsching, Historisch- 
 literarisches Handbuch beriihmter und denkwur- 
 diger Pcrsonen -welche in dem 18. Jahrhnnderte 
 gestorben sind, Leipzig, 1797, III. ii. p. 154. 
 
 Grnelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 362, 
 369, 659, 681, 699. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 252, 255, 264, 277, 282, 336. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 ver- 
 storbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1806, vi. pp. 
 340-347 (see his references). 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1818, xxii. p. 150 ; no 
 date, xxi. p. 330. 
 
 Biographic Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820- 
 2 S) v - 379 (I' 5 * f his works). 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mfde- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 288 (list of his works). 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographic Mtdicale, 1855, ii. 
 p. 199. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Generate, 1861, xxvii. col, 
 238. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographic, 1881, xiv. p. 
 692 (by Hirsch). 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medecin, 1881, ii. p. 530. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 308 ; 2nd 
 series, 1903, viii. p. 542. 
 
 Etemens de Chymie, traduits . . . avec des notes. 1757. 
 See DEMACHY (JACQUES FRA^OIS). 
 
 JUNGKEN QOHANN HELFRICH). 
 
 Job. Helffrici Jungken, M.D. Physici Francofurtensis Chymia Experimentalis. 
 Sive, Naturalis Philosophia Mechanica : ubi Prior Pars Generosiorum 
 Remediorum fabricam ex Triplici Regno cum omnibus manipulationibus, 
 fideliter exhibet. Pars Altera eadem Medicamenta, inter alia, ad quoscunque 
 morbos generaliter adaptare docet. Adjectis Monitis Medicis AfTectus 
 Puerorum concernentibus. Nee non Experimentis Rerum Naturalium 
 Principia, Commentarii loco, illustrantibus. Editio Prioribus longe auctior. 
 Francofurti ad Mcenum, Apud Johannem Maximilianum a Sande, Anno 
 M D CCI. 
 
 4. Pp. [8] 830. Index [8. 2]. Title black and red. Engraved title included 
 in the pagination. Imperfect, pp. 283-6 torn out. 
 
 Corpus Pharmaceutico-Chymico-Medicum, sive Concordantia Pharmaceuti- 
 corum Compositorum Discordans; Modernis Medicinae Practicis dicata. 
 Quippe in ea invenient tantum non omnia notissimorum Dispensatoriorum, 
 tarn Veterum nunc minus consueta, quam & Recentiorum hodierno die 
 magis usualia Composita, juxta morborum seriem ita disposita, ut uberrima 
 inde pateat & in promptu sit Materia Medica cujusvis genio nata; Notis 
 
JUNGKEN 445 
 
 JUNGKEN (JOHANN HELFRICH). Continued. 
 
 ad mentem Clarissimorum Virorum hinc inde breviter illustrata, studio & 
 opera Johannis Helfrici Jungken, Physici Francofurtensis, Academic! Curiosi, 
 dicti Apollonii. Cum Gratia & Privilegio Sacrse Cses. Majest. & Sereniss. 
 Elect. Saxoniae. Francofurti ad Moenum, Sumptibus Friderici Knochii, 
 Bibliop. Anno MDCXCVII. 
 
 4. Pp. [16 frontispiece included] 744 ; 712, Index [38, a]. Title red and black. 
 Vignette with the motto : Spes Sola Deus. 
 
 Johannis Helfrici Jungken, Physici Francofurtensis, Lexicon Chymico-Pharma- 
 ceuticum, in Duas Partes distinctum, ubi Pars Prior continet selectos 
 Processus Chymicos potissimum hactenus magis usuales & originaliter e 
 Medicorum, non vero Pharmacopolarum Laboratoriis prodeuntes, Pars Altera 
 exhibet Composita Pharmaceutico-Galenica, tarn hactenus usualia, quam 
 alia his subordinata, & correctiora dicta. Editio Tertia, Novitatibus 
 nonnullis auctior reddita, & quidem cum Prsefamine, de Contractioribus 
 Pharmacopoliis, juxta modernse rei Medicae statum, rite instituendis, atque 
 Medicorum non tantum privatam Medicamentorum Chymicorum elabora- 
 tionem, sed & Dispensationem, a Pharmacopolis hinc inde acriter impugnatam, 
 concernente &c. Norimbergae, Apud Johannem Fridericum Riidigerum, 
 Anno M DCC XXIX. 
 
 8. Pp. [48] 275 [13]; 535 [38, 3 blank]. Title red and black, printed across 
 two pages. 
 
 Of the Lexicon Chymico-Pharmaceuticum Eloy quotes editions : Norimbergae, 
 1709, 1716. 
 
 Jungken, or Jiingken, or Juncken, or Junken, hospital, and finally 'Physicus Ordinarius.' He 
 
 was born 19 Dec., 1648, at Caldern, in Hesse, also acted as private and court physician to a num- 
 
 studied at Marpurg and Heidelberg and graduated ber of the reigning nobility. He was received as a 
 
 in medicine at the latter place in 1671. He member of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum, 19 
 
 went to Switzerland, and in 1675 was appointed Feb., 1696. He died at Frankfurt 5 Jan., 1726. 
 
 court physician to the Duke of Birkenfeld. In Other editions of the preceding were : Chymia ex- 
 
 1677 he left on account of the war and became perimentalis curiosa, 1681, 8, pp. [22] 898, with an 
 
 physician of Count Witgenstein. He left for engraved title and a plate of apparatus, 1694, 1701; 
 
 Frankfurt in 1680 and travelled with Count Lexicon Pharmaceuticum, 1698, 8 ; Corpus Phar- 
 
 von Hohenloh the Imperial Ambassador. He maceutico-Chymico-Medicum Universale, 1711, 2 
 
 next spent three years in Speyer, and after- vols. fol. ; 1732, fol., and he wrote some works on 
 
 wards settled at Frankfurt in 1689, where he medicine and notes on Agricola's Commentaries on 
 
 became physician to the garrison, then to the Poppius. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 601. Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 508. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 
 Introductio, 1687, Add. . xi. 6, p. 387. p. 448; 1779, iii. p. 496. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Eloy, Dictionnaire historiqve de la Medecine, 
 
 1731, II. i. p. xxxiv. (with reviews from the Acta 1778, ii. p. 626. 
 
 Lipsiensia). Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, pp. 31-32. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historieder Medicinischen Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 232, 
 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 366, 367, 736. 233, 260, 372, 385, 786, 787. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 p. 437. 1806-08, pp. 166, 185. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke, (1820- 
 
 Hermetiq-tie, 1742, i. pp. 417, 485 ; iii. pp. 7, 192, 25), p. 377. 
 
 193. Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mlde- 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. cine, 1836, III. i. p. 293. 
 
 col. 2022. Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Mfdicale, 1855, ii. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum p. 427. 
 
 Historia, 1755, p. 482, No. 219. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1881, xiv. p. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I 'Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 726 (by Strieker). 
 
 1770, iv. p. 145. Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 310. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 627. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 763. genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 421 (by Strieker). 
 
446 
 
 JURAIN 
 
 JURAIN (ABTALA). 
 
 Abtala Jurain Filii Jacob Juran Hyle und Coahyl; Aus dem ^Ethiopischen 
 ins Lateinische, und aus dem Lateinischen in das teutsche translatiret und 
 iibergesetzet durch D. Johann Elias Muller, Phyfico-Magico-Medico 
 practicum. Hamburg, MDCC XXXII. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 103 [i blank.] The title-page seems to be a cancel. 
 
 In the address to the reader the editor of this 
 tract says his name was de Canthier, and that he 
 was 61 years of age. The author, Abtala Jurain 
 tells (p. 19) of his parentage, his discovery of the 
 stone and of the Society of " Warck adamisten" to 
 which he belonged, and how he was made chief of 
 all the philosophers in Ethiopia. Muller, who 
 appears as the translator, wrote one or two books. 
 See MULLER (j. E.). 
 
 Ladrague quotes from F. J. W. Schroder's Neve 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Ckemie, 1799, iii. p. 242. 
 
 Sammlung der Bibliothek fiir die hohere Natur- 
 wissenschaft und Chemie, 1776, ii. pp. 91-112, 
 another work by this same author : Des Arabers 
 Abdallah Jurain Varkadamia oder Goldkunst im 
 filosofischen Steine, and adds that it was written 
 in gold letters upon parchment and belonged to 
 an Arabian hermit, who set the greatest store by it. 
 The editor, however, would not guarantee its 
 authenticity. 
 
 ~Ladra.g\ie,Bibliotheq-ueOuv(iroff',Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1324. 
 
K. (C. A.)K. (E. L. D.) 447 
 
 K. (C. A.). 
 
 Die allgemeinen Oeconomischen Maximen, wie sich solche aus dem Begriffe 
 der Oeconomic herleiten und bey einer jeden Oeconomie sehr nxitzlich 
 gebrauchen lassen, nebst einem Beweise, dafs dieselben in denen Privat- 
 Oeconomien, da man sich der Natur und Kunst bedienet, und welche 
 uns dergleichen Sachen gewehren, die das meiste Geld ins Land bringen, 
 sonderlich durch die Mathematik, Physick und Chymie erhalten werden, 
 kiirtzlich vorgestellet von C. A. K. Halle im Magdeburgischen, 1728. 
 Zu finden in der Rengerischen Buchhandlung. 
 
 8. Pp. [i2]n6. 
 
 This is really a treatise on economics, but in the discoveries made to the affairs of everyday life, 
 
 chap. iii. the author points out the practical and It is in fact an early advocacy of the practical 
 
 economic advantages of the study of mathematics, importance of the study of physical science, and is 
 
 physics, and chemistry, and gives examples of the therefore of special interest at this time (1902). 
 profitable results following from the application of 
 
 K. (C. R). 
 
 See CRASSELLAME (MARCO ANTONIO). 
 
 K. (D. D.). 
 
 See DESTILLIR-KUNST, 1753. 
 
 K. (E. L. D.). 
 
 Der Triumpf-Wagen des Vitriol oder Natur und kunstmafsige Beschreibung 
 von der Generation, und Wundern dieses grofsen Subjects der Alchymie 
 einem jeden eifrigen Forscher und Sucher dieser edlen Kunst zum Nutzen 
 aufgefuhret von E. L. D. K. Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1770. bey Johann 
 
 Georg Fleischer. 
 
 8'. Pp. 72. 
 
 P. 49. Rogerius Baco . . . Tractat von der Tinctur und Oehl des Vitriols . . . 
 aus dem Englischen iibersetzt von E. L. D. K. 
 
 The title certainly reminds one of Basil Valentine's other substances which are of interest, historically, 
 Currus Triumphalis Antimonii. The book con- from their empirical character, 
 tains a number of experiments on green vitriol and 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der h'ohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 329. 
 p. 674. \^Jkc3%\\e.,BibliothequeOiivaroff,SciencesSecrlUs, 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 145. 1870, No. 1488. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wents pp. 47-72 containing Roger Bacon's tract on the Tincture and Oil of Vitriol. 
 
448 
 
 K. (G, A.} KALID 
 
 K. (G. A.). 
 
 See MAIER (MICHAEL), Chymisches Cabinet, 1708. 
 
 K. (J. D.). 
 
 Die durch seltsame Einbildung und Betriegerey Schaden bringende Alchy- 
 misten-Gesellschafft, nach ihren gewohnlich Merckmahlen und Eigen- 
 schafften, welche sie von sich spiihren lassen, nebst Anfuhrung einiger 
 Discurse, was von der Alchymie zu halten, wie auch Erzehlung etlicher 
 untiichtigen Processe : Worbey auch viele in Conversation gebrauchliche 
 hoffliche Reden, und unterschiedliche Ergotzligkeiten zubefinden, in einen 
 niitzlichen Lust-Spiele vorgestellet von J. D. K. Franckfurht und Leipzig, 
 . . . Heinrich Zichler, 1700 [ 
 
 12. Pp. [15 frontispiece included] 227 [i blank]. Title red and black. The 
 last line is partially cut off. The preface is dated : Nordhausen den 17. Dec. 1699. 
 
 This is a play in which the alchemists of the time 
 are ridiculed, the author, in his preface, being 
 careful to distinguish their pursuit from chemistry. 
 It is mentioned by Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 
 1798, ii. p. 293, and Kopp quotes it from him in 
 his note upon ' ' Alchemy on the Stage " (Die 
 Alchemic, 1886, i. p. 258). Kopp also refers to an 
 article on Christian Reuter by Friedrich Zarncke, 
 who shows that the said Reuter was not the author 
 
 (Abhandlungen der philolog. histor. Classe der 
 Kon. Sachs. Gesell. der Wissenschaften, Leipzig, 
 1884, ix. p. 582). 
 
 There was a French comedy, in 3 acts, not 
 mentioned by Kopp, a few years earlier than the 
 present : Les Souffleurs ou la Pierre Philosophale 
 d'Arlequin, Amsterdam, 1695, 12, pp. [1-6] 7-128 
 [4 list of new books], with 3 illustrations and a 
 frontispiece. 
 
 KALID BEN JAZICHI. 
 Liber Secretorum Alchemiae. 
 See ALCHEMIA, 1541, p. 338. 
 
 See GRATAROLO (G.), Vera Alchemiae . . . doctrina, 1561, i. p. 233. 
 See ARTIS AURlFERiE . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 208. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 183. 
 See ARNALDUS de VHla Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 273 (in German). 
 
 Buch der Geheimnuss. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 274. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 335. 
 
 Secreta Alchymiae. 
 
 See SALMON (WILLIAM), Medicina Practica, 1691, p. 284. 
 
 Of this writer Maier says that he was a con- 
 summate artist in chemistry, and repeats, what the 
 book itself tells us, that it was translated from 
 Hebrew into Arabic and then into Latin. He 
 farther commends him for his reverence and 
 prudence in treating the art as a divine revelation 
 only to those worthy of it. Borrichius describes 
 the tract as ' of deep and hidden meaning, to which 
 if you bring no illumination you will carry from it 
 none away.' 
 
 Schmieder calls the author a Jew, but gives no 
 authority for his statement that the Arabic manu- 
 script came to Niirnberg about 1500. There is 
 no notice of his life; he is not mentioned by 
 Gmelin and Kopp, and the Hebraic origin of the 
 book lacks confirmation. His name appears in 
 various forms : Nazari calls him ' filius Azichi 
 iudei.' Borel, in consequence of some misprint or 
 other accident, has made two persons out of one 
 and has got into general confusion. He enumer- 
 
 ates : ' Liber Secretorum Regis Calid, filii larichi 
 siue lapidis Philosophici secreta secretorum ad- 
 miranda, ... ex Hebraso primum in Arabicum, 
 et demum in Latinum traducta . . . Francofurti, 
 Sumptibus ac Typis Joannis Bringeri, 1615, in 
 8 [pp. [1-8] 9-58 [i, i blank]] & Norimberg. cum 
 Gebro" (which is probably the 1541 or the 1545 
 edition above); and 'Calid ludaei Regis, filii lazichi 
 vel Azichii liber secretorum Alchemise in Theatre 
 Chemico, ex aliis dicitur, filius Isid, & Isidori, vel 
 Seid, corrupto nomine,' and he farther attributes 
 to him the ' Liber Trium Verborum ' which passes 
 under the name of Kalid Rachaidibi. Borel has 
 made a slip in saying that the ' Liber Secretorum 
 Alchemiae' is in the Theatrum Chemicum. 
 
 He has been confused with Kalid ben lezid, and 
 with Kalid Rachaidibi, as is done by Mangel. 
 
 The first edition of the ' Liber Secretorum 
 Alchemiae' seems to be that of 1541, above. It 
 was reprinted in the 1545 edition of that collection 
 
KALID 
 
 449 
 
 KALID BEN JAZICHI. Continued. 
 
 which appeared under the title : Alchemiee Gebri 
 . . . Libri, cum Reliquis, pp. 274-293, and there 
 was the 1615 edition above mentioned. It was 
 translated into French and published along with 
 R. Bacon, Hortulanus, &c., Lyon, 1557, pp. 57- 
 
 Nazari, Delia tramutatione metallica sogni tre, 
 1599. P- 137- 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aureee Mensee, 1617, p. 71. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 54. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, t686, p. 
 (calls him films Jarichi). 
 
 107; and in the reprint, Paris, 1612, pp. 65-109; 
 into English, and published with R. Bacon and 
 Hortulanus, London, 1597, pp. 28-53, m which he 
 is styled both Calid and Galid, lazich and larich. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum. 
 1697, p. 13, No. xviii. ; p. 23, No. xxxi. 
 
 M.a.nge\.,Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, 
 I. ii. p. 5. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 104. 
 
 ~LaArz.g\\z,Bibliothtque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 684-687. 
 
 KALID BEN JESID. 
 
 Entretien du Roi Calid et du Philosophe Morien sur la Magistere d'Hermes. 
 See RICHEBOURG (j. M. D.), Bibliotheque des Philosophes Chimiques, 1740, ii. 
 
 p. 56. 
 See MORIENUS. 
 
 137 
 
 In the year 683, Caliph Jesid, Kalid's father, 
 died, and Moaouyah II., Kalid's brother, succeeded 
 but lived only for a few months. Kalid being 
 young, between 15 and 20 years of age, Merouan 
 was made Caliph, on condition that Kalid should 
 be next, but instead of that he appointed his own 
 son, Abd-el-Malik, to succeed him. He had 
 married Kalid's mother on his accession, but had 
 made the blunder of calling him illegitimate. 
 When this was repeated by Kalid to his mother, 
 she was so infuriated that she either had Merouan 
 removed by poison or by suffocation in pillows 
 while he was asleep. Kalid thereupon gave up the 
 succession, and spent the last twenty years of his 
 life in the encouragement of wise and learned men 
 and in the prosecution of the sciences, especially of 
 alchemy. He was the most learned not only of the 
 Ommiades but of the whole Koreisch stock. His 
 teacher was the Greek monk and adept Morianos 
 (Morienus?) ; he gathered about him all the Sages 
 
 Nazari, Delia tramutatione metallica sogni tre, 
 1599, PP- 137, 141- 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aureee Menses, 1617, p. 32. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 54. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 12, No. xvii. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 86-98, 466 ; iii. p. 130. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 104, 121. 
 
 Hadji Khalfa, Lexicon bibliographicum etencyclo- 
 pcedicum, ed. Fliigel, 1835-1858, iii. p. 97 ; iii. p. 
 592, No. 7114; iv. p. 413, No. 9016; v. pp. 87, 
 280, No. 10133 ; vi. p. 53, No. 12698 (Mecalet 
 Maryanos, the book of the monk Marianos and 
 Khalid Ben Yezid concerning alchemy). 
 
 Wiistenfeld, Geschichte der Arabischen Aerzte 
 und Naturforscher, Gottingen, 1840, p. 9, No. 17. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 331 ; 
 
 of Egypt, and Stephanus the elder translated for 
 him Greek books into Arabic. He died in 702 
 according to Hammer-Purgstall, in 704 according 
 to Ibn Khallikan, followed by Leclerc, but in 708 
 according to Tagriberdi in his Egyptian history, 
 quoted by Hammer-Purgstall. 
 
 The alchemical writings ascribed to Kalid in the 
 Fihrist (loth century) are : book of the leaf, the 
 great; book of the "leaf, the little; the book of 
 heats ; the book of admonition to his father Jesid 
 about the art of alchemy ; Hadji Khalfa adds : the 
 book of compassion in four sections : i, of the 
 knowledge of the philosophers' stone (others say 
 the troubles), 2, of weights, 3, of the method of 
 preparation, 4, of the properties of the stone. 
 There is also a poem : the Paradise of Wisdom ; 
 a book on the secrets of alchemy, and his con- 
 versations with Marianos. Leclerc assigns to him 
 not only this last but also the Liber Secretorutn 
 and the Liber trium verborum. 
 1866, i. p. 350 (author of the ' Liber Secretorum 
 and ' Liber trium verborum '). 
 
 Ibn Khallikan, Biographical Dictionary, edited 
 by Baron M'Guckin de Slane, 1843, i. [246], p. 
 481. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 193. 
 
 v. Hammer, Literaturgeschichte der Araber, 
 Wien, 1851, Erste Abtheilung, Zweiter Band, pp. 
 185-190. 
 
 Figuier, L'Alchimie et Us Alchimisles, 1856, 
 pp. 14, 26. 
 
 Ibn Khaldun, Prolegomena, ed. M'G. de Slane, 
 part iii. p. 193 (in Notices et Extraits des manu- 
 scrits de la Bibliothlque Imperiale, . . . Paris, 
 1868, xxi. p. 209). 
 
 Kitab-al-Fihrist, ed. Gustav Fliigel, Leipzig, 
 1871-72, ii. 190, Notes 21, 22. 
 
 Leclerc, Histoire de la Medecine Arabe, 1876, i. 
 p. 64. 
 
 KALID RACHAIDIBI. 
 Liber Trium Verborum. 
 
 See ARTIS AURlFERjE . . . volumina, 1610, i. p. 226. 
 See THEATRUM CHEMICUM, 1660, V. p. 1 86. 
 See GINJECEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, p. 573. 
 
 See GEBER, Summa Perfectionis, 1682, p. 235. , 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, ii. p. 189. 
 See ARNALDUS de Villa Nova, Chymische Schrifften, 1748, p. 321, 
 
 2F 
 
KALIDKASTELL 
 
 KALID RACHAIDIBI. Continued. 
 Buch der drey Worter. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 301 ; 1750, i. p. 367. 
 
 See GEBER, Chymische Schriften, 1751, p. 236. 
 _ .. See GEBER, Commentaria iiber Gebers Werke, 1792, p. 275. 
 
 The ascription of the ' Liber trium verborum ' to 
 Kalid, or Kallid, or Kanid Rachaidibi, or Calid 
 Rachiadabi according to Nazari, is based upon the 
 statement at the end of the printed editions. Con- 
 cerning the author Schmieder remarks that ' he was 
 an Arabic alchemist who lived about 1200, and was 
 often confused with Kalid ben lezid. There 
 appears to be no Arabic manuscript forthcoming, 
 but one may exist, though it may not be mentioned 
 in the catalogues. The Latin translation was first 
 printed in the Ars Avrifera, Basel, 1572, then in 
 the Theatrum, in Mangel's Bibliotheca, in the 
 Danzig 1682 edition of Geber, and in German in 
 Roth-Scholtz's translation of Geber.' Schmieder 
 infers from this that the original was to be sought 
 for in Basel. But there he is wrong, for the tract 
 had been printed in Italy a hundred years before, 
 sometime between 1470 and 1480, in the editio 
 
 Nazari, Delia tramutatione metallica sogni ire, 
 I S99> P- I 39- (He adds the title of the first 
 chapter, ' De qualitate lapidis," as if it were a 
 distinct tract, and has thereby misled Borel. ) 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 54. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 137 
 (ascribes the ' Liber trium verborum ' to ' Kalid 
 filius Jarichi '). 
 
 princeps of Geber's works. It there occupies 
 capitula, Ixxxxii.-lxxxxix. , and it is to be observed 
 that Kalid's name is not mentioned as the author's. 
 This was not done till Marcellus Silber printed at 
 Rome the revised edition of this volume from a 
 copy in the Vatican Library. Silber's edition is 
 undated, but it is prior to 1520. In it not only is 
 the name of Kalid introduced, but there are some 
 additions to the text which presumably were taken 
 from manuscript sources. 
 
 In this volume Kalid's tract occupies Sigs. t iii 
 recto to x i recto. Silber's edition was reprinted by 
 Petrus Schoeffer, Venetiis, 1542, and the tract is 
 contained in ff. 106 verso to no verso. 
 
 The Danzig 1682 edition is a reprint of these, and 
 the German translation is made from them. 
 
 What credence is to be attached to the date 1200, 
 I am unable to say. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, I. ii. p. 5 (follows Mercklin). 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 98 (' not 
 for beginners '). 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 105. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1842, i. p. 331 ; 
 1866, i. p. 350. 
 
 \j&Axz%\xi,Bibliotheqiie Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 688-691. 
 
 KALLID. 
 
 See KALID. 
 
 KANIS or KANID. 
 
 See KALID RACHAIDIBI. 
 
 KARD1LUK (JOHANN HISKIAS). 
 
 See CARDILUCIUS (JOHANN HISKIAS). 
 
 KASTELL (C. V. V.). 
 
 C. V. V. Kastells Adeptus Realis. das ist kiirtzliche Zuschrifft an alle 
 *v respective Hochgeneigte Liebhaber der wahren und reellen Alchymie, 
 bestehende 
 
 (1) In einer treuhertzigen Warnung vor allerhand betriiglichen Metall- 
 und Mineral- auch Special- und Particular- Processen. 
 
 (2) Einem griindlichen Beweifs, dafs nicht nur ehemahls eine Gold- 
 hervorbringende Wunder-materia, oder so genanter Stein der Weisen 
 warhafftig und gewifs gewesen, sondern auch zu dato noch bey verschiedenen 
 Menschen gefunden, und durch Gottliche Beyhiilffe wiircklich bereitet 
 werden konne. 
 
 (3) Einer aufrichtigen Gestandniifs obigen Autoris, dass Er durch 
 Gottliche Gnade solches Geheimniifs nicht nur besitze, sondern auch 
 resolviret sey, einigen redlichen Patrioten solches oculariter zu demonstriren 
 
KASTELLKEIL 
 
 KASTELL (C. V. V.). Continued. 
 
 und zu eroffnen. zum andern mahl aufgelegt. Leipzig zu finden in 
 Groschuffs Buchladen, 1716. 
 
 8. Pp. [16]. 
 
 In the British Museum there is a tract called what from the above. Against it was written 
 
 Adeptus Realis, containing title-page, preface, and Adeptus Fatalis, 1721, (q.v.). Kopp mentions 
 
 index only, and dated 1715. The name of Kastell both 'Adeptus Fatalis' and 'Adeptus Ineptus' 
 
 does not appear on it, and the title varies some- by Wegener, but not the present tract. 
 
 KEIL (CHRISTOPH HEINRICH). 
 
 Compendioses doch vollkommenes Anatomisches Handbiichlein, darinnen alle 
 und jede Theile des Menschlichen Leibes in natiirlicher Ordnung denen 
 Anfangern der Chirurgie vorgelegt und so deutlich beschrieben werden, 
 dafs sie auch so gar ohne Figuren und Kupffer zu erkennen und 
 zu finden. Mit grossen Fleifs colligiret und zusammen getragen, von 
 Christophoro Heinrico Keil, Phil. & Med. Doct. wie auch Physico 
 Ordinario der Stadt nnd (sic) Sechs Aemter Wunsiedel. Leipzig und 
 Hof, Verlegts Johann Christian Martini, 1730. (i) 
 
 8. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 143. Register [17]. Title red and black. 
 
 Compendioses doch vollkommenes Chirurgisches Handbiichlein, darinnen 
 enthalten, wie alle lehrbegierige Chirurgi sich in alien und jeden Verwund- 
 ungen, Schaden und Operationen des menschlichen Leibes verhalten, und 
 denenselben mit dienlichen Mitteln, geschickten Handgriffen, bequemen 
 Instrumenten, und guten Bandagen heilsamlich begegnen sollen. Alles 
 aufs kiirtzeste und deutlichste, auch auf die neueste und beste Art vor 
 Augen gestellet, von Christophoro Heinrico Keil, Phil, et Med. Doct. wie 
 auch Phys. Ordinario der Stadt und sechs Aemter Wunsiedel. Leipzig 
 und Hof, Verlegts Johann Christian Martini, 1730. (2) 
 
 8. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 356. Register, etc. [17, i blank]. Title red 
 and black. 
 
 Haller (Bibl. Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 304) quotes did not know the first. He calls it a text book for 
 an edition of Leipzig, 1747, the sixth, because he beginners by a physician of Wonsiedel. 
 
 Compendioses doch vollkommenes Medicinisch-Chymisches Handbiichlein, 
 nach der Ordnung des Alphabeths verfasset, worinnen alle drey Reiche 
 Vegetabile, Minerale & Animale und folglich die gantze Materia Medica 
 mit enthalten, nebst denen daraus verfertigten iiblichsten und nothigsten 
 Productis samt deren Nutzen und Gebrauch alien Anfanger der Medicin 
 zum besten entworffen von Christophoro Heinrico Keil, Phil. & Med. wie 
 auch Physico Ordinario der Stadt und Sechs Aemter Wunsiedel. Leipzig, 
 1734. Verlegts Johann Christian Martini, Buchhandler in der Grimmischen 
 Gasse. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 279 [25]. Title red and black. 
 
 Compendioses doch vollkommenes Medicinisch-Chymisches Handbiichlein, 
 nach der Ordnung des Alphabeths verfasset, worinnen alle drey Reiche 
 Vegetabile, Minerale & Animale und folglich die gantze Materia Medica 
 mit enthalten, nebst denen daraus verfertigten iiblichsten und nothigsten 
 
452 KEIL 
 
 KEIL (CHRISTOPH HEINRICH). Continued. 
 
 Productis samt deren Nutzen und Gebrauch alien Anfangern der Medicin 
 zum besten entworffen von Christophoro Heinrico Keil, Phil. & Med. Doct. 
 wie auch Phys. Ordin. der Stadt und Sechs Aemter Wunsiedel. Die 
 vierte und verbesserte Auflage. Leipzig, 1742. Verlegts Johann Christian 
 Martini, Buchhandler in der Grimmischen Strasse. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, frontispiece or engraved title included] 283. Indices [21]. Title red 
 and black. 
 
 Compendioses doch vollkommenes Medicinisch-Chymisches Handbiichlein, 
 nach der Ordnung des Alphabets verfasset, worinnen alle drey Reiche 
 Vegetabile, Minerale & Animale und folglich die gantze Materia Medica 
 mit enthalten, nebst denen daraus verfertigten iiblichsten und nothigsten 
 Productis, samt deren Nutzen und Gebrauch. Allen Anfangern der 
 Medicin zum besten entworffen von Christophoro Heinrico Keil, Phil. & 
 Med. Doct. wie auch Phys. Ordin. der Stadt und Sechs Aemter Wunsiedel. 
 Die Sechste und verbesserte Auflage. Mit Konigl. Pohln. und Churfiirstl. 
 Sachs, allergn. Privilegio. Leipzig, 1748. Verlegts Johann Christian 
 Martini, Buchhandler in der Grimmischen Strasse. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, engraved title or frontispiece included] 283. Indices [21]. Title red 
 and black. 
 
 Compendioses doch vollkommenes Philosophisches Hand-Biichlein, das ist : 
 Philosophische Grund-Satze zur Universal-Tinctur auf Menschen und 
 Metallen, womit alle wahre Philosophi so von der Welt bis hieher gewesen 
 sind, ubereinstimmen, Als welches der wahre Grund alle Philosophische 
 Biicher griindlich zu verstehen, und die hochste Medicin zu machen. Mit 
 grofsen Fleifs zusammen getragen, von Christophoro Heinrico Keil, Phil. & 
 Med. Doct. wie auch Phys. Ordinario der Stadt und sechs Aemter 
 Wunsiedel. Leipzig und Hof, Verlegts Johann Gottlieb Vierling. Anno 
 
 1736. 
 
 8. Pp. 176, frontispiece included. Title red and black. 
 
 This is the edition quoted by Gmelin, by Fuchs, and by Schmieder. 
 
 Compendioses doch vollkommenes Philosophisches Hand-Biichlein, das ist : 
 Philosophische Grund-Satze zur Universal-Tinctur auf Menschen und 
 Metallen, womit alle wahre Philosophi so von der Welt bis hieher 
 gewesen sind, ubereinstimmen, Als welches der wahre Grund alle Philoso- 
 phische Biicher griindlich zu verstehen, und die hochste Medicin zu machen. 
 Mit grossen Fleifs zusammen getragen von Christoph Heinrich Keil, Phil. 
 & Med. Doct. wie auch Phys. Ordinario der Stadt und sechs Aemter 
 Wunsiedel. Dritte Auflage. Hof, verlegts Johann Gottlieb Vierling, 
 / privilegirter Buchhandler, 1768. 
 
 8. Pp. 175 [i blank]. Engraved symbolic frontispiece included in the pagination. 
 This edition is in the Ouvaroff collection. 
 
 I have not found any notice of Keil. Besides The author of the Beytrag speaks contemptuously 
 
 these he wrote a Lexicon medico-physicum, botanico- of hir, other works, which he styles ' Handbtichel- 
 
 technicum, versum a J, A, S. et auctum, Amst.. chen.' 
 
 
KEILKELLE Y 453 
 
 KEIL (CHRISTOPH HEINRICH). Continued. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 574. Gmelin, Geschichle der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 323. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. pp. 223, Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 304. 1806-08, p. 260. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. pp. 288, Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 544. 
 415. Ladrague, Bibliothlque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1397-98. 
 p. 664, No. 458. 
 
 KEIR (JAMES). 
 
 Versuche und Beobachtungen iiber die Auflosung der Metalle in Sauren und 
 ihre Niederschlagungen nebst einer Nachricht von einem neuen zusammen- 
 gesetzten sauren Auflosungsmittel, zum Gebrauch bey einigen technischen 
 Operationen, zur Scheidung der Metalle von James Keir, Esq. Mitglied 
 der konigl. Gesellsch. der Wissenschaften in London. Aus dem Englischen 
 iibersetzt von Ludewig Lentin. Gottingen, bey Johann Christian Dieterich. 
 
 1791. 
 
 8. Pp. 40. In quires. 
 
 Keir, a native of Stirlingshire, was born 29 Sept., In 1776 he published his translation of Macquer's 
 
 1735. He studied medicine at Edinburgh, entered Chemical Dictionary, 2 vols., 4; again in 1777 
 
 the army as an ensign in 1757 and spent his spare in 3 vols., 8, including as a supplement the second 
 
 time in reading the classics and military writers, edition of his Treatise on Gases, contributed various 
 
 He rose to be captain, retired in 1768, and settled papers to the Royal Society of which he was 
 
 at West Bromwich where he studied geology and elected a fellow in 1785, and published : The first 
 
 chemistry, and engaged both in research and in part of a Dictionary of chemistry, &<:., by J. K. 
 
 manufactures. F.R.S. and S.A.Sc. , Birmingham, 1789, 4, pp. 
 
 He started a glass work at Stourbridge, in 1778 [4] xx. 208. It went no farther, however, because 
 
 he was manager with Boulton and Watt, in 1780 he gave up the phlogiston theory under which he 
 
 he established alkali and soap works, and in 1794 had begun it. 
 
 opened a colliery. His death took place on ii Oct., 1820. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 293, Upcott, A Biographical Dictionary of the living 
 
 314, 376, 931, 963. Authors of Great Britain and Ireland, 1816. 
 
 Scherer, Allgemeines Journal der Chemie, 1801, Nouvelle Biographic Generate, 1861, xxvii. col. 
 
 vi. p. 902. 53- 
 
 Reuss, Das Gelehrte England, 1804, Nachtrag, Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 Th. i. p. 566. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1237. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, Dictionary of National Biography, 1892, xxx. 
 
 Appendix iv. p. lix., 8 Dec., 1785. p. 313. 
 
 KELLER (CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH). 
 
 See RESPOUR (P. M. DE), Rares Experiences, 1777. 
 
 KELLEY (EDWARD). 
 
 Edouardi Kellsei Angli Tractatus duo egregii, de Lapide Philosophorum, 
 una cum Theatre Astronomiae Terrestri, cum Figuris, in gratiam filiorum 
 Hermetis nunc primum in lucem editi curante J. L. M. C. Hamburgi. 
 Apud Gothofredum Schultzen, Prostat & Amsterodami apud Jansonio- 
 Waesbergios. Anno M.DC.LXXVI. 
 
 8. Pp. 125 [3 blank]. 16 woodcuts. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Wants the end blank leaf. 
 
 Buch von dem Stein der Weisen . . . nun aber nebst einer Vorrede von dem 
 Leben und Schrifften Kellaei zum Druck befordert. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. 
 P- 733- 
 

 454 
 
 KELLEY 
 
 KELLEY (EDWARD). Continued. 
 Via humida, sive Discursus de Menstruo Vegetabili Saturni. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIED ERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. 
 p. 801. 
 
 Excerpta qusedam ex Epistolis. 
 
 See TRACTATUS duo Chemici, 1647, p. 31. 
 See GIN^CEUM CHIMICUM, 1679, P- 5 12 - 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1732, iii. 
 
 P- 799- 
 Tractat. 
 
 See DREY vortreffliche . . . Chymische Biicher, 1670, p. 113. 
 See JOHANN VON TETZEN . . . Chymische Biicher, 1691, p. 113. 
 
 Aus einem Schreiben Eduardi Kellaei. 
 
 See 
 
 Trifida Chimica, 1674, p. 3cx>. 
 
 Though there are many discrepancies in the various 
 narratives of Kelley's life, there is enough unanimity 
 to show that he was an unscrupulous adventurer, 
 not to say a thorough-going scoundrel. He was 
 therefore a mail of ability without any moral re- 
 straint. His recorded adventures form one of the 
 romantic episodes in the history of alchemy. 
 
 He was born at Worcester i Aug. , 1555, and was 
 trained as an apothecary, so that he had some 
 familiarity with chemistry. He went to Oxford and 
 Wood has originated the statement that it was 
 under the name of Talbot that he entered Glouces- 
 ter Hall. He next became a lawyer in London or 
 in Lancaster, and in 1580 is said to have had his 
 ears cropped on the pillory in the latter place either 
 for coining or forging old deeds ; for misdeeds any- 
 how. According to one account he went after this 
 to Wales and there, at an inn where he stopped, he 
 purchased for a small sum from the landlord a 
 book which he recognised as an alchemical one, 
 and an ivory box containing some white powder 
 and the fragments of another with some heavy red 
 powder. These had been taken from the tomb of 
 a bishop at Glastonbury, it is said, which had been 
 broken up and ransacked because it had been 
 reputed to contain much treasure. But this was 
 all that had been found and the disappointment of 
 the sacrilegious thieves had been great, while the 
 book which Dr. Dee apparently speaks of as the 
 Book of Dunstan and the boxes had been treated 
 as worthless till Kelley perceived their value and 
 rescued them. 
 
 Maier, Symbola Aureee Menses, 1617, p. 481 (' his 
 history and miserable end are fresh in our 
 memories '). 
 
 Ashmole, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, 
 1652, pp. 465, 324, and notes p. 478. 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 129. 
 
 A True and Faithful Relation of what passed 
 . . . between Dr. John Dee . . . and some spirits 
 . . . London, 1659, fol. (See the Preface and the 
 Postscript to it, in which Casaubon, the editor, 
 refers to what Ashmole says. The book contains 
 also a portrait of Kelley.) 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione ad . . . 
 Langelottum Epistola, Hamb., 1673, p. 152. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 255. 
 
 Johann von Tetzen . . . und Edoardi Kellcei . . . 
 Chymische Biicher, 1691, p. 33 (notice of Kelley, by 
 the editor). 
 
 He next went to London and seems to have 
 made the acquaintance of Dr. Dee at Mortlake in 
 1582. After spending some time in experiments on 
 transmutation, and carrying on his famous con- 
 ferences with spirits, they and their wives went 
 abroad in company with a Polish nobleman, Albert 
 Lasky, in 1583. Kelly arrived at last at Prague, 
 where he performed a transmutation for the Lord 
 of Rosenberg. The Emperor Rudolph II., who 
 was devoted to alchemy, having heard of this, was 
 anxious to see him. By another demonstration he 
 gratified the Emperor who, it is said, made him a 
 knight. Kelley entered into the imperial service 
 and having boasted of his knowledge of the secret 
 became practically a prisoner. Afterwards, he had 
 more liberty, but having quarrelled with a certain 
 Georg Hunkler, and having killed him, he was 
 again imprisoned. He tried to escape by means of 
 his bedclothes from the window, but in doing so 
 he fell, and after lingering some time, he died from 
 the injuries he had received. This was in 1595. 
 
 The details of Kelley's life are confused and con- 
 tradictory, and a critical examination of them 
 would- take more space than a brief note like the 
 present. 
 
 The works which pass under his name are ' Sir 
 Edward Kelle's Worke,' and his tract 'Concerning 
 the Philosopher's Stone written to his especiall 
 good Freind, G. S. Gent,' in Ashmole's Theatrum, 
 pp. 324-333. These were translated and published 
 at Hamburg, 1673, 8, 1676, 8, as above. 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, pp. 106-110. 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1727, p. 101 
 (portrait). 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 68. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, II. i. p. xlviii. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1737, xv. col. 419. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, i. pp. 306, 473 ; iii. pp. 193-4. 
 
 JScher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2059. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 82. 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 382. 
 
 Morhof, Vom Goldmachen, Bayreuth, 1764, p. 
 123. 
 
KELLEY KELLNER 455 
 
 KELLEY (EDWARD). Continued. 
 
 John Weever, Antient Funeral Monuments, William Lilly s History of his life and times, 
 
 1767, Discourse, p. xlv. (account of an incantation 1822, pp. 223-227 (with a portrait of Kelley). 
 
 by Kelley at Walton in le dale). Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 302, 601. 
 
 1778, ii. p. 634. Godwin, Lives of the Necromancers, 1834, p. 377. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 88. Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary popular 
 
 Bey trag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Delusions, 1841, iii. p. 114; 1852, i. pp. 154-161. 
 
 pp. 266, 493, 626. The Private Diary of Dr. John Dee, . . . edited 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 263, by John Orchard Halliwell (Camden Society), 1842, 
 
 310-11. passim. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, Hoefer, Histoire de la, Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 135 ; 
 
 1806-08, p. 58. 1869, ii. p. 129. 
 
 Biographic Universelle, n.d., xxi. p. 503, Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 
 
 Wood, Athena Oxonienses, ed. Bliss, 1813, i. p. 200-208. 
 
 Ix. col. 588, 639-643, 741 ; 1817, iii. col. 286 ; 1820, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 
 iv. col. 359. Secretes, 1870, Nos. 941, 942. 
 
 The Lives of Alchemystical Philosophers, 1815, Allibone, A critical Dictionary of English 
 
 pp. 72, 299 ; Waite's edition, 1888, p. 153. Literature, 1878, ii. p. 1013. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 194, 197; ii. 
 
 25), v. p. 410 (quotes an edition Hamburg, 1673, pp. 230, 336. 
 
 8, and Fragmenta a J. Combachio edita, Giessen Dictionary of National Biography, 1892, xxx. p. 
 
 (sic), 1647, 12). 342 (article by T. Seccombe). 
 
 KELLNER (DAVID). 
 
 Erneuert- verbessert- und vermehrte, sehr niitz- und erbauliche Scheide-Kunst, 
 worinnen enthalten die rechte Art und Weise, wie man die vermischte 
 Metalla, sonderlich Gold und Silber kiinstlich von einander scheiden und 
 bringen soil, dafs iedes absonderlich pur und rein erhalten, und recht 
 genutzet warden konne. Der heutigen curieusen Welt, sonderlich aber den 
 Chymischen Laboranten, Miintz-Bedienten und Goldschmieden, zu dienstl. 
 Nach- und Unterricht, mit sonderbarem Fleifs, theils aus eigener, theils aber 
 aus anderer erfahrnen Leuten Praxi und raren Manuscriptis, auf freund- 
 liches Ersuchen, also kurz verfasset, durch D. David Kellnern. Chemnitz, 
 Bey Conrad Stofseln und Sohn, 1727. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 164 [4], Title red and black. Vignette with the motto: Doctorum 
 Gloria Merces. ' : 
 
 This is probably a new edition either of Ars or Anleitung zur Probier-Kunst, Gotha, 1690, 8", 
 separatoria oder Scheidekunst, Leipzig, 1693, 12, but of which I do not know. 
 
 Officina Chymico- Metallica Curiosa. Oder : Curieus- Chymisches Laboratorium 
 in welchem wie aus gemeinem Bley, durch meinst experimentirte diensahme 
 Mittel und geschickte Handgriffe, Gold und Silber zu bringen deutlich 
 gelehret wird. Nebst XV. raren und plausiblen Particularien, auch einer 
 kurtzen Beschreibung wie das Gold ohne Feuer solviret oder calciniret 
 werden konne. Liebhabern der edlen Kunst und den diirfftigen Nechsten 
 zum besten vorgestellet von Dr. David Kellnern Unterschiedl. Grossen 
 Herren bey die 40. Jahre, successive & respective, gewesenen Leijb- Hof- 
 und Land-Medico. Nordhausen, Verlegts Johann Heinrich Grofs, 1723. 
 
 8. Pp. 20, 124. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
456 KELLNER 
 
 KELLNER (DAVID). Continued. 
 
 Via Regia Naturae simplicissimse simplicissima ducens per simplicissimum 
 laborem ad utilissimam metallorum meliorationem, quam, qui ambulabit, in 
 simplicitate inveniet Modum ac Motum simplicissimum ad simplicissimam 
 veritatem utilissimas metallorum meliorationis. Das ist : Der einfaltige, doch 
 Konigliche Weg der einfaltigen Natur, welcher durch einfaltige Arbeit 
 zu der niitzlichsten Verbesserung der Metallen fiirhret; Wer diesen Weg 
 in hochster Einfalt wandelt, der wird finden die einfaltigste Arth und 
 Weise, wie auch die einfaltigste Wahrheit, Metallen mit Nutz zu verbessern, 
 gezeiget durch einen der Hermetischen Philosophic Ergebenen, dessen Tauff- 
 und Geschlechts-Nahmen die ersten Buchstaben seines Symboli anzeige Jesvs 
 est Redemptor, Aus dessen hinterlassenen Schrifften hervor gesucht, und auf 
 Ersuchen curieuser Leute zum Druck befodert (sic\ von Dr. David Kellnern. 
 Nordhausen, Verlegts Carl Christian Neuenhahn, Buchh. 1704. 
 
 8. Pp. 109 [i blank]. Title red and black. 
 This is the only work of Kellner's referred to by Schmieder. 
 
 Wohlangerichtetes ^Erarium Chymicum Antiqvo-Novum, oder Alt- erneuert- 
 und reichlichst vermehrte Chymische Schatzkammer, in welcher nicht allein 
 L. Martini Schmuckens, sondern auch vieler andern vornehmen Chymicorum, 
 bey 200. herrliche, sehr curieuse Secreta Chymica, meinst auff Verbesserung 
 derer Metallen, theils aber zugleich auch auff gute Medicinen, gerichtet 
 und mit schonen Notis & Observationibus, ex praxi collectis, illustriret, 
 enthalten. Aus vielen Manuscriptis mit sonderbahrem Fleifs zusammen 
 getragen und der heutigen Curieusen Welt zu Lieb und Dienst, auf 
 Ersuchen, also beschickt, und mit angehengter Vorstellung der zur Edlen 
 Chymie gehorigen und in 153. Aphorismis bestehenden Wissenschaft des 
 jiingern Hn. von Helmont, sub Eremitae nomine sich darstellende, zum 
 offentlichen Druck befordert durch D. David Kellnern Konigl. Preus. und 
 Ftirstl. Sachs. Land Medicum. Leipzig, Verlegts Joh. Herbord Klofs, 
 Buchhandl. 1702. Delitsch, druckts Christian Koberstein. 
 
 8. Pp. [22] 386 [misprinted 389]. Title red and black. Imperfect. 
 
 Kurtze Vorstellung der zur edlen Chymie gehorigen Wissenschafft, bestehend in 
 CLIII. Aphorismis oder Satzen, dahin alles, was zur Alchymie gehoret, gar fiigllch 
 gezogen warden kan. Vormahls in lateinischer Sprache zu Amsterdam, durch den 
 jiingern Herrn van Helmont sich Eremtam Suburbanum nennend, heraus gegeben, 
 ietzo aber der curieusen teutschen Welt zu Dienste in dero Mutter-Sprache iibersetzt, 
 und also zum drittmahligen Druck befordert von D. David Kellnern. 
 
 J. B, H. Wohlgegriindeter Anschlag und Bedencken, wie die wilde Anti- 
 monialische Erze, wenn sie Gold- und Silber-haltig seyn, zu gute gemachet 
 auch iiber ihrer gemeinen Gehalt angereichert werden konnen. Allen 
 curiensen (sic) Berg- und Schmeltz-Werks Liebhabern und Freunden, so gut 
 alfs es communicirt worden, nebst noch einigen andern aus raren 
 Manuscriptis und bewehrten Autoribus selbst colligirten Observatis und 
 Observandis von Gutmachung des Spiefsglafs- und anderer fliichtigen 
 Erze, auch einigem Gebrauch des Antimonij und dessen productorum in 
 
KELLNER KELS 
 
 457 
 
 KELLNER (DAVID). Continued. 
 
 der Alchymie zur Transmutation entweder ihrer selbst, oder anderer Metallen, 
 in Gold und Silber &c. zu Lieb und Dienst alsokurz, iedoch treulich, 
 aufgesetzet und zum durck (sic) befordert durch D. David Kellnern, H. t. 
 Practicum in der Kayserl. freyen Reichs-Stadt Nordhausen, wie auch 
 Furstlichen Sachs, und Graffl. Stollbergischen Leib- und Hoff Medicum. 
 In Verlegung Johann Christoff Weidners Buchhl. 1690. 
 
 8. Pp. [1-7] 8-127 [misnumbered for 128]. Title red and black. 
 
 Synopsis Metallurgica. 
 
 See HORN (JOHANN BERNHARD), Synopsis Metallurgica, 1690. 
 
 Of Kellner very little seems to be known beyond 
 what is stated on the title-pages of his works. He 
 was born at Gotha, studied medicine at Helm- 
 stadt, and graduated there in 1670, his dissertation 
 being de ossium constitutions naturali et prcBter- 
 naturali. He became physician at Nordhausen, 
 and pursued chemistry and metallurgy, and wrote 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 126. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 1731, 
 II. i. p. xlviii. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicce, 
 
 I73 2 . P- 7 8 - 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 194. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2059 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 
 187. 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Historice Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 878. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. 490. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Me'decine, 
 1778, ii. p. 634. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices^ 1779, iii. 
 pp. 253, 279, 358, 502. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 539 and p. 558. (In this last the author ascribes 
 
 several books on these subjects. Among them was 
 a Berg und Saltzwercks-Buch ; Synopsis Musei 
 MeiaUici Aldrovandi, Lipsise, 1701, 12 ; Hoch- 
 nutzbare und bewdhrte edle Bier-Brauer-Kunst, 
 1710 ; and some surgical papers. The dates of his 
 birth and death are not given. 
 
 to Kellner a small tract against ' Elias ' published 
 in 1704, and possibly also the " Gliickliche Ero- 
 ber- und Demolirung . . . des . . . Fegefeuers der 
 Scheidekunst .... 1705, q.v.) 
 
 Mintralogische, Chemische und Alchymistische 
 Briefe . . . an den Bergrath J. F. Henkel, 1794, ii. 
 p. 134 (letters from Kellner to Henkel). 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 320, 
 342 ; 1799, iii. pp. 9, 55. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 216, 246. 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 411. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 513. 
 
 Ladrague, Z?z/z'0/A^ Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1362. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 451. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 358, 384. 
 
 KELS (HEINRICH WILHELM). 
 
 Onomatologia Chymica Practica oder vollstandig practisches Handbuch der 
 Chemie in alphabetischer Ordnung zum Nutzen und Gebrauch fur Aerzte, 
 Apotheker, Fabrikanten, Kiinstler und andere Personen, von Heinrich 
 Wilhelm Kels unter der Aufsicht und mit einer Vorrede von Johann 
 Friedrich Gmelin, Hofrath und Professor zu Gottingen Ulm, in der 
 Stettinischen Buchhandlung 1791, 
 
 8. Pp. [10]. Columns, 772. Indices, pp. [29]. 
 
 Kels was born at Liebenau, in the county of Company. He died at Bellair in Surinam, 15 
 Hoya, in 1759, was an apothecary in Hannover, June, 1792. 
 
 and after studying medicine in Gottingen, from 
 1787 to 1791, graduated Dr. Med. at Helmstadt, 
 went in 1791 to Surinam as second chief surgeon to 
 the military hospital of the Dutch West India 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 393- 
 39S. 5S- 65 1 (Onomatologia), 775, 791, 856. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Teutschen Schriftsteller, 1806, vi. p. 
 464. 
 
 His chemical papers were published in Crell's 
 Annalen, and he wrote a Dissertatio de carbone 
 vegetali, Helmst. 1791, 4. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 412. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wbrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1240. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerztt, 1886, iii. p. 452. 
 
KERCKRING KEREN 
 
 KERCKRING (THEODOR). 
 
 Commentarius in Currum triumphalem Antimonii. 
 See BASILIUS VALENTINUS. 
 
 Kerckring, of a Liibeck family, was born at 
 Amsterdam, or, according to others, at Hamburg, 
 but the exact date of his birth is not recorded. At 
 the age of 18 he made rapid progress in Latin 
 under Spinoza, and under a medical man Frans van 
 Knde, whose daughter, in his absence, used to give 
 lessons, and whom Kerckring ultimately married. 
 He studied medicine, and acquired great reputation 
 as an anatomist and chemist. He practised several 
 years in Amsterdam, and was highly esteemed for 
 his learning, skill, and acumen, by Leibnitz, 
 Clauder, Kirchmajer, and others. 
 
 After travelling a long time in Holland and in 
 France he went to Hamburg in 1678, and there 
 pursued his medical work, collecting an anatomical 
 museum which is said to have been the admiration 
 of all visitors. 
 
 He was a Fellow of the Royal Society, and from 
 
 Morhof, De Metallorum Transmutatione . . . 
 Epistola, 1673, p. 45 ; German translation, 1764, 
 p. 40. 
 
 Hallervord, Bibliotheca Curiosa, 1676, p. 384. 
 
 Konig, Bibliotheca vetus et nova, 1678, p. 444 
 (medical works only). 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 996. 
 
 Conring, In Universam Artem Medicam . . . 
 Introductio, 1687, Add. iv. 39, p. 183. 
 
 Keren-Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 121. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, I. ii. p. xlix. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung aur Historic der M cdicinischen 
 Gelahrheil, 1731, pp. 477, 478, 498, 499. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 
 
 173 2 . P- 79- 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1737, xv. p. 478. 
 
 Goelicke, Introductio in Historiam Litterariam 
 Anatomes, Francof. ad Viadrum, 1738, pp. 315- 
 323. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 442. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 194. 
 
 Moller, Cimbria Literata, 1744, ii. pp. 408-411. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2069 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. 
 col. 239. 
 
 Chaufepie, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1753, iii. letter K, p. 15. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 83. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I 1 Anatomic et de la Chirurgie, 
 1770, iii. p. 404, & passim. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 392. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 636. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1779, iii. 
 p. 268. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 6. 
 
 Beytrag aur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 529. 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1785, v. p. 164. 
 Biographie Universelle, no date, xxi. p. 537. 
 
 the year 1685 bore the title of ' Resident ' at 
 Hamburg of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. 
 
 He died 2 Nov., 1693, from the kick of a horse it 
 is said, and in his soth year according to Haller, 
 but that cannot be, when it is considered that he 
 was publishing his works in 1665 and 1670. 
 
 His principal work, Spicilegium Anatomicum, 
 was published at Amsterdam, 1670, 1673, in 4, and 
 a collected edition of his anatomical writings at 
 Leyden, 1717, 4. 
 
 The commentary on Basilius Valentinus appeared 
 in 1665, and other editions : Amsterdam, 1671 ; 
 Geneva, 1671, 1685, 12. 
 
 In German : Niirnberg, 1724, and Niirnberg, 
 
 I 7S 2 - 
 
 In English, by Richard Russell, London, 1678, 
 8, and Waite's edition, London, 1893, 8. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 24, 
 134. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 29. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 243. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, 
 App. iv. p. xxvii., January, 1677. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 416. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 pp. 247, 470. 
 
 Delvenne, Biographie du Royaume des Pays-Bas, 
 1829, ii. p. 6. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 208, 430. 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la mtde- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 319. 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. p. 335 ; 
 
 1869, ii. p. 326. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1847, iv. p. 108. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, 
 ii. p. 137. 
 
 Schroder, Lexikon der Hamburgischen Schrift- 
 steller, Hamburg, 1857, iii. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Gtnirale, 1861, xxvii. col. 
 605. 
 
 Van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der 
 Nederlanden, 1862, x. p. 131 (calls him Theodorus 
 Kerckkring). 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1346. 
 
 La.Ara.gVie,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 
 1870, No. 854. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 304, 
 
 334- 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1882, xv. p. 626 
 (by Hirsch). 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 377 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1903, viii. p. 622. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 456 (by C. E. Daniels). 
 
 Geneeskundige Courant, Tiel, 1896, i. No. 36 
 (by R. Krul). 
 
 KEREN Happuch, Posaunen Eliae des Kiinstlers, 
 See SOLDNER ( ). 
 See also KORANHAPUCH (JAMIMAH). 
 
KERKRINGKESSLER 459 
 
 KERKRING (THEODOR). 
 
 See KERCKRING (THEODOR). 
 
 KERN der Alchymie. 
 
 See PHILALETHES (IRE1SLEUS PHILOPONUS), 1685. 
 
 KERN der Al-Chymie. 
 
 See GANTZE (Der) Kern der Al-Chymie, 1748. 
 
 KERNER (ARNOLD). 
 
 D. O. M. A. Tetras Chymiatrica, proponens Prsestantiam et in Medicina 
 Efficaciam, Auri, Mercurii, Antimonii, & Vitrioli, & Medicamentorum ex 
 illis paratorum : Opposita Misochymis eadem sat frivole calumniantibus, ab 
 Arnoldo Kernero Lipsensi Med. D. Philochymiatro. Erphordiae, ex 
 typographic Johannis Rohbock, Impensis Johannis Birckneri Bibliopolse Erf. 
 1618. 
 
 Sigs. A to S in eights ; or, pp. 285, and 3 blank] S 7 recto, has the Colophon : 
 
 feia^, Ex typographic Jc' 
 Anno M. DC. XVI 1 1. 
 
 Erphordias, Ex typograph^o Johannis Rohbockii, Tmpensis Johannis Birckneri Biblio- 
 olae. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Little is recorded about the author. He was a edition bearing this title : Balsamus vegetabilis vel 
 
 zealous supporter of chemistry, and discovered a Sulphuris compositus. Das ist, Kurtser dock 
 
 balsam described in his Discurs thereon, Erfurth, grundlicher Discurs von einem kostlichen vegeta- 
 
 1618, 8. This I have not seen. There was a later bilischen oder Schweffel Balsam, Cassel, 1651, i8mo. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 89. Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 194. 
 
 1731, II. i. p. L. Jocher, Allgemein.es Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecte metallicce, col. 2070; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, i8io,iii. col. 251. 
 
 1732, p. 80. Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, logicus, 1761, p. 555. 
 
 p. 443. Haller, Bibliotheca Medicina practica, 1777, ii. 
 
 pp. 405, 547; 1779, iii. p. 26. 
 
 KERTZENMACHER (PETRUS). 
 
 See ALCHIMIA, das ist, alle Farben, Wasser, Olea . . . zubereyten, 1613. 
 
 In Leupolds Prodromus the 1720 edition is quoted Gmelin mentions only that of 1570, but calls him 
 and the author is called ' Kretzmacher,' whereas Kerzenmacher. See the note under ALCHIMIA. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 293. 
 
 1732, p. 85. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 280. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, 
 P- 577- 
 
 KESSLER (THOMAS). 
 
 Vierhundert aufserlesene Chymische Procefs und Stiicklein, theils zur jnner- 
 lichen, theils zur Wund- vnd ausserlichen Artzney dienstlich, bifs anhero in 
 geheim verbal ten : An jetzo aber mit vielen guten vnd geschwinden Hand- 
 griffen verbessert, zu Nutzen der Hermetischen Medicin Liehabern an Tag 
 gegeben durch M. Thomam Kefslern Chymicum & Civem Argentinensem. 
 Zum dritten mal auffgelegt, vnd mit allem fleifs wieder vbersehen vnd 
 
460 KESSLERKHALID 
 
 KESSLER (THOMAS). Continued. 
 
 vermehret. Strafsburg, In Verlegung Johannis Philippi Sartorii Buch- 
 handlers. Anno M DC XXXII. 
 
 8. Pp. [8] 188. Index, etc. [9. 3 blank], i woodcut of apparatus. 
 
 Das dritte hundert, pp. [12] 160. Register [4]. i woodcut. 
 Das vierdt hundert, pp. [4] 96. Index [4]. 2 small woodcuts. 
 
 The first and second hundred are together : the third and fourth have separate titles and pagination. 
 
 Gmelin quotes an edition of 1629, and Frankfurt, edition, and also of the fourth edition, Nurnberg, 
 1641 ; on p. 568 he quotes the above. In the 1641, 8. 
 British Museum (1034. g. 8) there is a copy of this 
 
 Keslerus Redivivus, Das is, Fiinff hundert aufserlesene Chymische Procefs vnd 
 Artzneyen, theils zu jnnerlichen vnd eusserlichen Leibskranckheiten, theils 
 auch zu Verbesserung der mindern Metallen hochnutzlich. Deren erstlich 
 vier hundert durch M. Thomam Keslerum Chymicum & civem Argenti- 
 nensem an tag gegeben vnd zum vierdten mal auffgelegt, an jetzo aber von 
 einem vornehmen Chymico auffs new vbersehen, vnd mit Hinzusetzung defs 
 funfften hunderten in formliche Ordnung vnd gewifse Classes gesetzet. Mit 
 einem ordentlichen Regifter. Franckfurt am Mayn, In verlegung Johann 
 Beyers. M.DC.XLI. 
 
 8. Pp. [14, 2 blank] 536. Register [13, i blank]. 
 
 This edition is in the British Museum (1033. b. ( 1O 34- e - J 6 (i)), and also the fifth edition, Franck- 
 
 7 (i)). Gmelin quotes editions Nurnberg, 1645; furt a. M., 1666, 8 (1033. a. 15). This last one 
 
 Frankfurt a. M., 1666; Strasburg, 1692; Hermst. only is quoted by Kopp. 
 1713. The 1645 edition is in the British Museum 
 
 Keslerus Redivivus. Das ist, Fiinff-Hundert Aufserlesene Chymische Procefs 
 und Artzneijen, Theils zu innerlichen und ausserlichen Kranckheiten, Theils 
 auch zu Verbesserung der mindern Metallen hochnutzlich. Deren erstlichen 
 Vier-Hundert durch M. Thomam Keslerum, Chymicum et Civem Argentin- 
 ensem an den Tag gegeben und zum Sechstenmahl auffgelegt, anjetzo 
 aber: Von einem vornehmen Chymico auff das neue iibersehen, und mit 
 Hinzusetzung defs Fiinfften Hunderten in formliche Ordnung und gewisse 
 Classes gesetzet, Mit einem ordentlichen Register. Franckfurth am 
 
 Mayn, in Verlegung Georg Andrea Hermsdorffs, Gedruckt, bey Johann 
 Balthasaro Wachtern, Anno 1713. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 536 [12]. The title is printed across two pages. 
 
 Kesler, or Kessler of Strasburg wrote collections Procefs und Stucklein, Strasburg, 1630, 8, followed 
 
 of chemical receipts. Gmelin ascribes to him by Kopp. To this Schmieder adds an edition of 
 
 Secreta, Oppenheim, 1616, 8, and SecretaChymica, Frankfurt a. M. , 1641, but he may have confused 
 
 Frankfurt, 1616, 8, which I have not seen. He it with the ' 500 Proeesse ' above mentioned, 
 also mentions Dreyhundert aufserlesene Chymische 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 521, 
 
 col. 2073 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung und Ergdns- 568. 
 
 ungen, 1810, iii. col. 272. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 84 (calls 1806-08, p. 228. 
 
 the author an 'Arch-Sophist' and his alchemical Schmieder, Geschichte derAlchemie, 1832, p. 378. 
 
 processes ' deceptions and lies '). Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 328. 
 
 See QUERCETANUS (jOSEPHUS), 1631. 
 
 KHALID. 
 
 See KALID. 
 
KHUN RATH 461 
 
 KHUNRATH (CONRAD). 
 
 Medulla Destillatoria et Medica. Das ist, Warhafftiger eigentlicher griindt- 
 licher bericht, wie man den Spiritum Vini, durch mittel seines hinter jhme 
 verlassenen Saltzes, Item die Perlen, Corallen, defsgleichen alle andere 
 Oliteten aufs den Crescentibus, als Friichten, Resinen vnd anderen Sachen 
 mehr, zum Auro potabile vnd andern Arcanen dienstlich, Kunstlich 
 Destilliren, nachmals in Quintam Essentiam, zur hochsten exaltation bringen 
 soil, Item etzlicher herlicher Wundt Balsam, Stichpflaster vnd Guldene 
 Wasser. praeparationes administrationes et effectus, wie dan das Register 
 den gebrauch ordentlich aufsweiset, Mit sondern fleifs, den Filijs Doctrinae 
 zum besten Colligiret, vnd in Truck offentlich verfertiget worden, durch 
 C. C. L. Gedruckt zu Schlefswig, durch Nicolaum Wegener. 
 
 4. Ff. [3, i blank] ; 122. Index [7, errata i]. Preface dated Schleswig, 1594. 
 
 This seems to be the first edition, and it is said edition: Leipzig, without date and printer's name, 
 to have been published in 1596. There was an 8, ff. [3] 146 [nj. 
 
 Medulla Destillatoria et Medica tertium aucta & renovata. Das ist: Griind- 
 liches vnd vielbewehrtes Destillier vnd Artzney Buch, darinnen begriffen, 
 wie der Spiritus Vini, durch mittel seines hinter jhm verlassenen Saltzes, Auch 
 allerley kostliche Oliteten, Spiritus, Salia, &c., aufs mancherley animalibus, 
 mineralibus vnd vegetabilibus, kiinstlich konnen destillirt, vnd in quintam 
 essentiam zur hochsten exaltation gebracht : Auch vermittelst solcher 
 Extractionum, Aurum Potabile, allerley herliche Medicamenta, Wundbalsam, 
 Stichpflaster, Guldene Wasser, vnd dergleichen, Laut zu endt gesetzer voll- 
 kommenen Registere prseparirt, vnd in allerhand vorfallenden Gebrechen 
 vnd Kranckheiten heylsamlich gebraucht werden : Mit besonderm fleifs vor 
 dieser zeit aufs eigener erfahrung, vnnd sonsten gewissem Grund zusammen 
 colligirt, Jetzo aber auflfs newe zum Dritten mahl trewlich revidirt, in eine 
 richtigere Ordnung gebracht, Vnd mehr als die helffte vermehret vnd 
 gebessert : Durch Conradum Khunrath Lipsensem. Vnd jetzt von einem 
 Hochgelahrten vnd Vornemen erfahrnen der Artzney vnd Chymiae, &c. 
 menniglichen zu gutem in Druck befbrdert. Cum gratia & Privilegio 
 Sac. Caes. Majestatis ad decennium \ prima impressionis cujuslibet die. 
 Hamburg, Ex Bibliopolio Frobeniano. Jm Jahr: 1605. 
 
 4. Ff. [8] I-I2, pp. 13-628. Index [35, i blank]. Title red and black. 
 
 In this third edition the work has been entirely recast and much enlarged. The 
 sixth edition is dated Hamburg, 1638, 4. 
 
 Medulla Destillatoria & Medica, Das ist, Wahrhafftiger eigentlicher griindlicher 
 bericht, wie man den Spiritum Vini, durch mittel seines hinder jhm 
 verlassenen Saltzes, item die Perlen, Corallen, defsgleichen alle andere 
 Oliteten aus den Crescentibus, als Friichten, Resinen, vnd anderen Sachen 
 mehr, zum Auro potabile, vnd andern Arcanen dienstlich, kiinstlich distilliren, 
 Nachmals in quintam Essentiam, zur hochsten Exaltation bringen sol. Item, 
 Etlicher herrlicher Wundbalsam, Stichpflaster, vnd giildener Wasser Praepara- 
 tiones, administrationes & effectus, wie dann das Register den Gebrauch 
 
462 
 
 KHUNRATH 
 
 KHUNRATH (CONRAD). Continued. 
 
 ordentlich aufsweiset. Mit sonderm fleifs, den Filijs Doctrinae, zum besten 
 colligiret, vnd in Druck offentlich verfertiget. Durch, C.C.L. Eifsleben. 
 Without date and printer's name. 
 
 8. Ff. [4] 171 verso. Index [12]. Title red and black enclosed in a border. 
 The preface is dated Schleswig, 1594. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 Conrad Khunrath, possibly a brother of Heinrich 
 Khunrath, was a physician and chemist of Leipzig, 
 who lived some time in Denmark and was at 
 Schleswig in 1594, whence he dedicated his book 
 to the magistrates and council of the free towns, 
 Liibeck, Liineburg, &c. He was anxious to pro- 
 mote the knowledge and use of chemical medicines, 
 and besides the present work he wrote : Fiinf 
 schone Tractdtlein de Elleboro, rare solis, absinthio, 
 saccharo und der Schlange, Leipzig, 1597, 8, and 
 one or two other books. 
 
 A second part of the Medulla was published in 
 1614, after his death. Moller says correctly that 
 the first edition of his book bore only his initials 
 
 Borel, Bibliotheca Chimica, 1654, p. 65 (enters 
 him under ' Conradus Lipsensis '). 
 
 Moller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 688. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 444. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. pp. 198, 199. 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 439. 
 
 Jb'cher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2081. Rotermund's Fortsetzimg, 1810, ii. col. 
 312. 
 
 Chaufepie 1 , Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1753, iii. letter K, p. 56. 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 364. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 391. 
 
 C. C. L. They stand for Conradus Conrathus 
 Lipsensis. 
 
 His book was successful, as it seems to have 
 passed through a number of editions. 
 
 The enumeration of these is not very satisfactory 
 as some are undated, and it is not easy to make the 
 editions tally. 
 
 no date ? 1596, 8. 
 
 no date 
 
 Schleswig 
 
 Eisleben 
 
 Leipzig 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Hamburg 
 
 Leipzig 
 
 Leipzig 
 
 3rd edition 
 6th edition 
 
 1599- 
 1605. 
 1638. 
 1680. 
 1703. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicintz practice, 1777, ii. 
 p. 313. (Haller here calls him erroneously C. C. 
 K. and quotes a number of editions, which I have 
 not seen confirmed.) 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 361. 
 (Just copies Haller, even to repeating C. C. K., 
 and 1549, for 1594.) 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratvr, 
 1806-08, p. 98. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1818, xxii. p. 587 ; no 
 date, xxii. p. 235 (article by Weiss). 
 
 Biographie Mldicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 465. 
 
 Lia.dra.gue,B{l>liof/ityue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1118. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 385 ; and 
 Series, 1903, viii. p. 632. 
 
 KHUNRATH (HEINRICH). 
 
 Von Hylealischen, das ist Pri-Materialischen Catholischen oder Algemeinen 
 Natiirlichen Chaos der Naturgemessen Alchymise vnd Alchymisten ; Wieder- 
 holete, vernewerte vnd wolvermehrete Naturgemefs-Alchymisch vnd Recht- 
 lehrende Philosophische Confessio oder Bekentnus ; Henrici Khunrath 
 Lips: Gottlicher Weisheit Liehabers (sic}, vnd beyder Artzney Doctor : 
 
 Hhoch-mah-el ! 
 Dem Lesterer. 
 
 Ob dir schon was ist vnbewust, 
 Nicht dest' minder eim anderns ist bewust. 
 Cum Privilegio S S. Caesareae Ma tis speciali. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 469 [i, with woodcut ; 2 blank]. Title red and black, with wood- 
 cut border ornament. The woodcut is the owl with spectacles, two torches and two 
 candles, with the lines : 
 
 Was helffen Fackeln, Liecht oder Brillen 
 Wann die Leut nicht sehen wollen. 
 
 Colophon (p. 469) : Gedruckt zu Magdeburgk, durch Joachim Schmiedt, In 
 vorlegung Johann Francken Anno 1616. 
 
KHUNRATH 463 
 
 KHUNRATH (HEINRICH). Continued. 
 
 Other editions are : Magdeburg, 1598 (the first), the preface of which is dated Magdeburg, 1596, 
 
 1606, 8; Strasburg, 1599, 1700, 12; 1786 (q.v.). but the edition before me was printed by Dolhopff, 
 
 There seems to have been an earlier work: Con- Argentorati, 1699, 12, pp. [4] 84. 
 fessio de Chao Physico-Chemicorum Catholico ; 
 
 Alchymisch philosophisches Bekenntnis vom universellen Chaos der natur- 
 gemassen Alchymie, von Heinrich Khunrath, beyder Arzneygelahrheit Doktor, 
 und Liebhaber gottlicher \Yeisheit. Mit beygefugter Warnung und Ver- 
 mahnung an alle wahre Alchymisten. Neue von den deutschen Sprachfehlern 
 ohne Verletzung des Sinnes gesauberte, und mit des Verfassers Anmerkungen 
 versehene Auflage. Leipzig, bey Adam Friedrich Bohmen, 1786. 
 
 8. Pp. 348. 
 New edition of ' Von Hylealischen . . . Chaos." 
 
 Amphitheatrum Sapientiae ^Eternae Solius Verae, Christiano-Kabalisticum, 
 Divino-Magicum, nee non Physico Chymicum, Tertriunum, Catholicon: 
 instructore Henrico Khunrath Lips: Theosophiae amatore fideli, et Medicinae 
 utriusq; Doct: Hallelu-Iah ! Hallelu-Iah ! Hallelu-Iah Phy diabolo ! 
 E Millibus Vix Vni. Anno M.D.C.II. Cum Privilegio Caesareae Maiest: 
 ad Decennium A Prima Impressionis Die. 
 
 Folio. Ff. [4], pp. 60, 222 [i] [i blank]. Colophon : Hanoviae Excudebat Gui- 
 lielmus Antonius, MDCIX. Portrait, engraved title, ten engraved symbolic plates, nine 
 of them double, not in the pagination. 
 
 Numerous editions of this book are reported, colophons, for if the 1653 edition has the 1609 
 
 Prague, 1598 ; Magdeburg, 1602 ; Hanau, 1604 ; colophon there is not much more to be said as to 
 
 Magdeb., 1606; Frankf., 1608; Leipz., 1608; the identity of the two, except as concerns the 
 
 Liibeck, 1608; Magdeb., 1608; Hamb., 1611, more recent title-page. 
 
 1648, 1651; Hanau, 1653; Frankfurt, 1653; Of the four unnumbered leaves two contain in a 
 Hamb., 1710. Most of these, as Moller says, are tabular form a scheme of the book: 'Summa 
 probably fictitious. That of 1602 seems to be Amphitheatri Sapientias ^Eternse solius verae Chris- 
 mentioned by Khunrath himself; perhaps he was tiano-cabalistici divino-magici, &c., which belongs 
 referring to the date on the above title-page. De to p. 18 of the first part. The other two also con- 
 Bure admits the existence of one edition only, this tain a table marked * * belonging to p. 151 of the 
 of 1609, and takes no notice of the others, except second part. These tables, as well as certain of 
 that of Frankfurt, 1653, and it, he shows, is not a the illustrations, are sometimes awanting. 
 new edition but only that of 1609 with a new dated Johann Arndt (q.v.) wrote a commentary on the 
 title-page. But he should have mentioned the first four figures in this book. 
 
 Magnesia Catholica Philosophorum, oder eine in der Alchymie hochst nothwen- 
 dige und augenscheinliche Anweisung, die verborgene catholische Magnesia 
 des geheimen Universalsteins der achten Philosophen zu erlangen. Von 
 Heinrich Khunrath, beyder Arzneygehahrheit Doktor, im Jahr 1599. griindlich 
 geschrieben und zu Magdeburg herausgegeben. Neue, von den Sprach- und 
 Druckfehlern gesauberte Auflage. Leipzig, bey Adam Friedrich Bohmen. 
 1784. 
 
 8. Pp. [2] vi., 112. 
 
 The signatures begin on the half sheet, because the preliminary matter occupying 
 half a sheet has signature )(. The preface is signed J. Y. R. 
 
 Wahrhafter Bericht vom philosophischen Athanor und dessen Gebrauch und 
 Nutzen, von Heinrich Khunrath, beyder Arzneygelahrheit Doktor, und treuen 
 Liebhaber gottlicher Weisheit. Wegen seiner iiberaus grofsen Seltenheit 
 nach der dritten im Jahr 1615. zu Magdeburg im Verlag des Verfassers 
 gedruckten Ausgabe aufs neue von den deutschen Sprachfehlern ohne 
 Verletzung des Sinnes gesaubert, und mit einem historischen Vorberichte 
 
464 
 
 KHUNRA THKIESER 
 
 KHUNRATH (HEINRICH). Continued. 
 
 von seinem sammtlichen Schriften, nebst dem in Kupfer gestochenen Athanor 
 auf Begehren herausgegeben. Leipzig, bey Adam Friedrich Bohmen, 1783. 
 
 8. Pp. 58. Frontispiece. Pp. 15-16 dropped. MS. notes. 
 
 First edition, Magdeburg, 1603 ; 1615 ; 8. Gmelin (1. 287) considers this the only thing by Khunrath 
 of any value. 
 
 Judicium iiber Henrici Khunraths Amphitheatrum. 
 See ARNDT (JOHANN). 
 
 The author of the Beytra* says (p. 296) : how a 
 pious man like Arndt could occupy himself with 
 the comfortless works of Khunrath is as great a 
 mystery to him as the Amphitheatrum itself! 
 
 Khunrath, or Khiinrath, or Kunrath, or Kun- 
 raht, or Cunrath, or Cunrad, or Conrad, was born 
 at Leipzig in 1560, studied medicine, graduated at 
 Basel in 1588, was a follower of Paracelsus, wrote 
 his curious theosophic or mystical books, and died 
 at Leipzig (Dresden, Moller), in 1605, aged 45. 
 His portrait is given in the Amphitheatrum. 
 
 He believed in the transmutation of stones and 
 metals, and the prolongation of life by the Elixir. 
 His writings are obscure and full of symbolism. 
 
 Another work of his is entitled : Hochniitzliche, 
 unumgangliche, und gar nothwendige Drey Fragen 
 die . . . Curation . . . Sandes, Grieses, Steins, . . . 
 betreffend, Leipzig, 1607. It was reprinted Frank- 
 furt und Leipzig, 1788, 8, pp. 38 [2 blank]. 
 
 Van der Linden, De Scriptis Medicis libri duo, 
 1637, p. 197 (quotes the treatise on gout only). 
 Petrus Borellius, Bibliotheca Chimica, Paris, 1654, 
 
 p. 13- 
 
 Quirinus Kuhlmann, Der neubegeisterter Bohme, 
 Leiden, 1674, cap. xi. pp. 72-75. 
 
 Hallervord, Bibliotheca Curiosa, 1676, p. 405. 
 (" Zebel, liber superstitiosus," edited by Khunrath.) 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 396. 
 
 Witte, Diarium biographicum, 1688, sig. D4 
 recto; 9 Sept., 1605. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 
 1697, P- 33- 
 
 Moller, Homonymo-Scopia, 1697, p. 688. 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 120. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, II. i. p. Ixxxvi. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1737, xv. col. 2136. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 444. 
 
 Arnold, Kirchen- und Ketzer-Historien, 1741, 
 ii. p. 331; 1742, iii. c. 2, pp. 11-14. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, i. pp. 382, 475 ; iii. p. 198. 
 
 Brucker, Historia Critica Philosophies, 1743, IV. 
 i. p. 675. 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, Haunise, 1744, H. p. 
 440. (This is the fullest account. ) 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2081 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 
 
 3 I 3- 
 
 Chaufepie', Nouveau Dictionnaire hislorique, 
 1753, iii. letter K, p. 55. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier- Stein, 1753, Part i. p. 100 
 (lavishly lauded with the stock phrases). 
 
 He wrote also : De igne Magorum Philosophor- 
 umque secreto externo et visibili, das ist : philo- 
 sophische Erklarung des . . . Glut- und Flammen- 
 feuers der uralten Weisen . . . ; nebst Johann 
 Arndts philosophisch-kabalistischen Judicio iiber 
 die vier ersten Figuren des . . . Amphitheaters, 
 Neue . . . Auflage. Leipzig, 1783, 8, pp. 109. 
 First ed. Strasburg, 1608. 
 
 Khunrath is still of authority with modern 
 devotees of occultism, and two of the symbolic 
 plates in the Amphitheatrum have been reproduced 
 and commented on by de Guaita, but some of the 
 older writers showed him no mercy. The author 
 of the Fegfeuer says that the Amphitheatrum 
 and other things all bear witness to his disgusting 
 arrogance and ignorance. He wrote not from the 
 Spirit of God but from the ignorant devil of pride. ' 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Historice Medicorum. chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 364. 
 
 De Bure, Bibliographie instructive, 1764, ii. 
 p. 248. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Medecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 647. 
 
 Archivfiir Rosenkrcuzer, 1785, ii. pp. 399, 400. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 287, 513, 579, 583, 587 (criticises Khunrath with 
 ferocity). 
 
 Adelung, Geschichte der menschlichen Narrheit 
 1787, v. p. 91. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 287, 
 288, 569. 
 
 von Murr, Uber den wahren Ursprung der 
 Rosenkreueer und des Freymaurerordens , 1803, 
 p. 8. 
 
 FuchS, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 73-76. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1818, xxii. p. 587 ; no 
 date, xxii. p. 235 (article by Weiss). 
 
 Biographie Me'dicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 464. 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzneykunde, 1827, iii. 
 
 P- 533- 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 322. 
 
 'Li&Ara.gVLZ,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 973-980, 1596. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1882, xv. p. 709. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 385. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 219; ii. pp. 361, 
 
 375- 
 
 Stanislas de Guaita, Essais de Sciences Maudites, 
 I. Au Seuil du Mystere, 1890, pp. 57-59, 99-147. 
 
 KIESER (FRANZ). 
 
 Cabala Chymica. Concordantia Chymica. Azot Philosoph. Solificatum. Drey 
 vnterschiedliche, niitzliche, vnd zuvor nie aufsgegangene Tractatlein, ohn 
 
K/ESERKIESSLING 465 
 
 KIESER (FRANZ). Continued. 
 
 welcher Hiilfe niemandt in Ewigkeit Chymiam veram verstehen, noch das 
 summum Arcanum erlernen wirdt. 
 
 In welcher I. Der rechte Grundt vnnd Fundament aller natiirlichen vnd 
 vbernatiirlichen Dingen erklaret wird. 
 
 Ini II. Viel schoner Vergleichungen vnnd Vbereynstimmngen (sic) etlicher 
 alten vnnd newen Philosophischen Schrifften, von wahrer Bereytung defs 
 Philosophischen Steins, Colligiret von H. Alexandro von Siichten, Med. D. 
 Derer aller Inhalt post Praefationem zu finden. 
 
 Im III. Augenscheinliche Erklarung aller vnd jeder Particularitaten, 
 fiirnembsten Handtgriffen vnnd Vortheylen, ad conficiendum Azot Philosoph. 
 necessaria, So Georgius Clettus, I. V. Lie. selbst inn praxi wahr oder falsch 
 befunden, von jhm einem guten Freunde in Mifsiven communiciert. 
 
 Jetzo aber alien Filiis doctrinae zu besonderm Nutzen vnd Gefallen an 
 Tag geben, von Francisco Kiesero, Chymico vnd Medico zu Franckfurt. 
 Miihlhausen, Bey Martin Spiessen, In Verlegung Johann Spiessen, &c. Anno 
 M.DC.VI. 
 
 8. Pp. [24] 581 [i]. 4 woodcuts. Title red and black. 
 
 Van Suchten's tract is made up of extracts from Seven colloquies follow : 
 
 a number of sources, as Paracelsus, Bernhardus' I. between a layman and an artist, p. 283. 
 
 Symbolum (p. 177) ; De Prima Materia Lapidis, II. between Demogorgon and Reymundus, p. 
 
 &c. (p. 192 (in verse)) ; Liber Arlomi (p. 206) ; 293. 
 
 Speculations Phantasticae (p. 233); Lapis Philo- III. between Spiritus, Anima, and Corpus and 
 
 sophorum ad quendam Papam (p. 240) ; Expositio the Love of philosophy, p. 325. 
 
 Alberti super Chymiam (p. 252); Particulare IV. between Mens and Corpus, p. 350. 
 
 Christiani Schmakenrinck ex Secretis artis Domi. V. another between Mens and Corpus, p. 357. 
 
 Jacobi Albert (p. 268) ; Lapis Alberti Magni Rebis VI. between Mens and Virtus, p. 360. 
 
 (p. 273) ; Norma, &c. (p. 277). VII. between Potentia and Vir, p. 369. 
 
 Then, p. 375 : 
 
 Azot Philosophorum solificatum, das ist, Wahrhafftige, vnd Augenscheinliche 
 Erklarung aller Particularitaten, wie auch aller fiirnembsten Handtgriffen vnd Vor- 
 theilen, so zu rechter Bereytung des wahren Philosophischen Steins requirirt vnd 
 erfordert werden. Heymlicher vfl vertrawter weifs von Herren Geor. Clet. I. V. Lie. 
 aufs eygener Erfahrung einem fiirnemmen D. vnnd Chymico zu Meyntz schrifftlich 
 communicirt. M.DC.VI. 
 
 Vignette of a conjoined set of symbols. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoirc de la Philosophic Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 563 
 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 195. (calls him Rieser), 1798, ii. p. 24. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 230. 
 p. 589. 
 
 KIESSLING (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). 
 
 Johann Gottfried Kiefslings, Jur. Pract. & dictae artis Cult. Relatio Practica de 
 Arte Probatoria Mineralium & Metallorum. Das ist : Griindliche Erzehlung, 
 wie alle und jede Mineralia auf gewisse Metalle, diese hinwiederum in sich 
 selbst, ingleichen Miintzen, im Feuer, durchs Aqua fort, Aqua Regis, und 
 Cementiren, probieret, und geschieden werden, Benebst der Nachricht, was 
 allenthalben darzu nothig, und ein Probierer oder Guardain, so wohl 
 hiervon, als denen zum Miintz- und Saiger-Hiitten-Wesen, samt deren 
 Verrichtungen wissen soil. Worbey noch einiger anderer zu dieser Kunst 
 dienlichen Anweisungen gedacht wird, Leipzig, verlegts Michael Bloch- 
 berger. 1741. 
 
 8 8 . Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 279 [i blank]. 
 This first edition is not quoted by Gmelin, 
 
466 KIESSLINGKIRCHER 
 
 KIESSLING (JOHANN GOTTFRIED). Continued. 
 
 Johann Gottfried Kiefslings, Jur. Pract. & dictae artis Cult. Relatio Practica 
 de Arte Probatoria Mineralium & Metallorum, Das ist : Griindliche Erzehlung, 
 wie alle und jede Mineralia auf gewisse Metalle, diese hinwiederum in sich 
 selbst, ingleichen Miintzen, im Feuer, durchs Aqua fort, Aqua Regis, und 
 Cementiren, probieret und geschieden werden, Benebst der Nachricht, was 
 allenthalben darzu nothig, und ein Probierer oder Guardain, so wohl hiervon, 
 als denen zum Miintz- und Saiger-Hutten-Wesen, samt deren Verrichtungen 
 wissen soil. Worbey noch einiger anderer zu dieser Kunst dienlichen 
 Anweisungen gedacht wird. Andere Auflage. Leipzig, verlegts Michael 
 Blochberger. 1752. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 304. 
 
 This is a genuine book on assaying and gives a The most important change is that the female 
 
 good idea of the processes and reagents of the figure who in the first edition is merely looking in 
 
 time. In the first edition symbols and characters through a window, in the second is represented as 
 
 are used, but in the second the names are given in holding a rope or chain which is hanging down 
 
 full. The frontispiece, which represents an assayer's into the room, and to which are attached the 
 
 laboratory, has been modified in the second edition. planetary symbols of the metals. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. p. 55. Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteralur, 
 
 1806-08, p. 272. 
 
 KINDER-BETT des Steins der Weisen, durch einen unbekandten Chevalier in 
 Frantzosischer Sprache beschrieben. Und nun aus dem Frantzosischen ins 
 Teutsche iibersetzet, durch J. L. M. C. 
 
 Hermes und Geber. Wer diese Kunst einmahl zu Ende bringet, wenn 
 er auch gleich Tausendmahl tausend Jahr lebete, und alle Tage vier 
 Tausend Menschen zu ernehren hette, wiirde er doch iibrig genug 
 haben. 
 Hamburg, Verlegts Gottfried Liebernickel. 1692. 
 
 8. Pp. 45 [3 blank]. 
 
 This seems to be the second part of the collection translator was Johann Lange, Medicinae Candi- 
 called Nodus sophicus enodatus, 1692, separated datus. 
 from the rest. See the note on that work. The 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, 1785, Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 p. 644. Secretes, 1870, No. 1291. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 383. 
 See NODUS sophicus enodatus, 1692. 
 See HERMETISCHES A. B. C., i. p. 86. 
 
 KINDER-SPIEL (Das). 
 
 See LUDUS Puerorum. 
 
 KIRCHER (ATHANASIUS). 
 
 Athanasii Kircheri Fuldensis Buchonii e Soc. Jesu Presbyteri: Ars Magna 
 Lucis et Umbras, in X Libros digesta. Quibus admirandae Lucis & Umbras 
 in mundo, atque adeo universa natura, vires effectusque uti nova, ita varia 
 novorum reconditiorumque speciminum exhibitione, ad varies mortalium 
 usus, panduntur. Editio altera priori multo auction 
 
 (is TO OTKOTOS avrrjs OVTWS TTO (sic) <ws aurrjs 
 
 Sicuti tenebrae ejus ita & lumen ejus. 
 
 Psalm 138. 
 
KIRCHER 467 
 
 KIRCHER (ATHANASIUS). Continued. 
 
 Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge, & Haeredes Elizsei 
 Weyerstraet. Anno C!D IDC LXXI. Cum Privilegio Sacr. Caesar. Majestatis, 
 & Ord. Holl. & Westfr. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [32] 810 [9, i blank]. Numerous woodcuts and engravings. 
 Engraved title included in the pagination. 3 plates, and folding plate separate. The 
 true pagination is 710, 100 pp. being dropped between 424-525. 
 De Bure quotes an edition of Rome, 1646. 
 
 Athanasii Kircheri e Soc. Jesu Ars Magna Sciendi, in XII. Libros Digesta, 
 qua Nova & Universali Methodo per Artificiosum Combinationum contextum 
 de omni re proposita plurimis & prope infinitis rationibus disputari, 
 omniumque summaria qusedam cognitio comparari potest. Ad Augustis- 
 simum Rom. Imperatorem Leopoldum Primum, Justum, Pium, Felicem. 
 Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium a Waesberge, & Viduam Elizei 
 Weyerstraet. Anno cla ID c LXIX. Cum Privilegiis. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [18, including the engraved title and the Emperor's portrait] 482 [10]. 
 Engravings and a few woodcuts in the text. 2 separate plates. 5 printed tables. 
 Engraved title-page to Part II. between pp. 246-247, p. 249 the Tree of Philosophy. 
 
 Athanasii Kircheri Societatis lesu, Magnes sive de Arte Magnetica Opus 
 Tripartitum quo universa Magnetis Natura, eiusque in omnibus Scientijs & 
 Artibus vsus, noua methodo explicatur : ac prseterea e viribus & prodigiosis 
 efifectibus Magneticarum, aliarumque abditarum Naturae motionum in 
 Elementis, Lapidibus, Plantis, Animalibus, elucescentium, multa hucusque 
 incognita Naturae arcana, per Physica, Medica, Chymica, & Mathematica 
 omnis generis Experimenta recluduntur. Editio Tertia. Ab ipso Authore 
 recognita, emendataque, ac multis nouorum Experimentorum problematis 
 aucta. Romae MDCLIV. Sumptibus Blasij Deuersin, & ZanobijM asotti 
 Bibliopolarum. Typis Vitalis Mascardi. Superiorum permissu, & Priuilegijs. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [32, including the engraved title] 618 [28], Title red and black. 
 Vignette. The Emperor's coat of arms, sig. f 3 verso. Numerous engravings and 
 woodcuts in the text. 
 
 The present work first appeared at Rome, 1641, Prolusiones Magneticae, Romas, 1645, 4; Mag- 
 4 ; the second edition at Cologne, 1643, 4. He neticum naturae regnum, Romae, 1667, 4, pp. 136. 
 wrote also : Ars Magnesia, Herbipoli, 1631, 4 ; 
 
 Athanasii Kircheri e Soc. Jesu Mundus Subterraneus, in XII. Libros digestus ; 
 quo Divinum Subterrestris Mundi Opificium, mira Ergasteriorum Naturae 
 in eo distributio, verbo Travra/iop^ov Protei Regnum, universae denique 
 Naturae Majestas & divitiae summa rerum varietate exponuntur. Abditorum 
 effectuum causae acri indagine inquisitae demonstrantur ; cognitae per Artis & 
 Naturae conjugium ad humanae vitae necessarium usum vario experimentorum 
 appartu, necnon novo modo, & ratione applicantur. 
 
 Tomus I. Ad Alexandrum VII. Pont. Opt. Max. 
 
 Amstelodami, Apud Joannem Janssonium & Elizeum Weyerstraten, Anno 
 dolDCLXV. Cum Privilegiis. 
 
 Folio. Pp. [3] 346. Index [6]. Portrait of Kircher and of Alexander VII., 
 engraved title and 14 separate plates, all extra. Woodcuts in the text. 
 
 Tomus secundus. Pp. [12, including the engraved title] 487. Index [9]. 7 plates, 
 Woodcuts. 7 tables. 
 
 There was an edition in 1678. 
 
468 
 
 KIRCHER 
 
 KIRCHER (ATHANASIUS). Continued. 
 
 Sententia de Unguento Armario ex libro III. ejusdem de Arte Magnetica 
 desumpta. 
 
 See THEATRUM SYMPATHETICUM, 1662, p. 567. 
 
 De Lapide Philosophorum Dissertatio ex Mundo Subterraneo descripta. 
 See MANGET (j. J.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 54. 
 
 De Alchymia Sophistica. 
 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 82. 
 
 Diatribe de prodigiosis Crucibus, quae tarn supra vestes hominum, quam res 
 
 alias, non pridem post ultimum incendium Vesuvij Montis, Neapoli com- 
 
 paruerunt. 
 
 See SCHOTT (CASPAR), loco-Seriorum 
 
 Kircher was born 2 May, 1602, at Geysa, near 
 Fulda. In 1618 he joined the Jesuits, devoted 
 himself to study, and was appointed to teach 
 mathematics, philosophy, and Oriental languages 
 at the University of Wiirtzburg, a duty which he 
 discharged in the most brilliant manner. On the 
 outbreak of the thirty years' war he went to Avig- 
 non, where he studied antiquities for two years, and 
 was advised by Peiresc to attempt the interpretation 
 of Egyptian hieroglyphics. He was on the point 
 of going to Vienna as professor of mathematics, 
 when he was suddenly called to Rome. 
 
 In 1637 he accompanied the Cardinal Frederick 
 
 Alegambe, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis 
 Jesu, 1643, p. 48. 
 
 Crasso, Elogii d' Huomini letterati, Venetia, 
 1666, i. pp. 381-383, with a portrait. 
 
 Kbnig, Bibliotheca Vetus et Nova, 1678, p. 446. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 94. 
 
 Magirus, Eponymologium Criticum, 1687, p. 495. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. Qqqq 
 4 verso, Nov. 1680. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam Liter- 
 ariam derer Teutschen, 1709, iii. p. 176. 
 
 Ada Philosophorum, 1716, ii. (Stuck vii.), p. 193. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, II. i. p. Iii. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historic der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 533, 535. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca Metallicce, 
 
 1732, p. 80. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, Ed. tertia, 1732, i. pp. 357, 
 725; ii. 156, &c., &c. 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires des Hommes illustres, 1734, 
 xxvii. p. 189. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Gelahrheit, 
 1736, pp. 326, 359, 361 ('a learned windbag'), 698. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1737, xv. col. 755 
 (and references). 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 444. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermttique, 1742, i. p. 482 ; iii. pp. 61, 195. 
 
 Vogt, Catalogue historico-criticus librorum rari- 
 orum, 1747, pp. 381-2 (rarity of the ' Oedipus 
 Aegyptiacus'). 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr 'ten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2095 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 
 
 377- 
 
 Dunkel, Historisch-Critische Nachrichten von 
 verstorbenen Gelehrten, 1757, III. iv. p. 792, No. 
 2884. 
 
 Portal, Histoire de I 'Anafomie et de la Chir- 
 urgie, 1770, ii. p. 644. 
 
 Naturae et Artis . . . Centurias Tres, p. 306. 
 
 of Saxony to Malta, and was received with great 
 distinction by the Grand Master. He returned to 
 Rome and acted for eight years as professor of 
 mathematics, and afterwards resigned. He died 
 28 Nov., 1680. 
 
 Kircher was a man of vast almost cumbrous 
 erudition, of equal credulity, superstition, and con- 
 fidence in his own opinion. His works in number, 
 bulk, and uselessness are not surpassed in the 
 whole field of learning. 
 
 He was an opponent of alchemy and wrote 
 against it in the Mundits subterra-neus. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 463 ; 
 1772, ii. p. 682. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 424. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 334. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicines practices, 1777, ii. 
 p. 672. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire Historique de la Midecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 638. 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1782, iv. p. 416. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. pp. 739- 
 743 ; 1798, ii. p. 31. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1818, xxii. p. 440 ; no 
 date, xxi. p. 642. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 25). * P- 425- 
 
 Sprengel, Geschichte der Amneykunde, 1827, iv. 
 pp. 275 (note), 480. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 412. 
 
 Janus, Breslau, 1847, ii. pp. 599-608 (by Schnei- 
 der). 
 
 Backer, Bibliotheque des Ecrivains de la Com- 
 pagnie de Jfsus, 1853, ire SeYie, pp. 422-433 ; 1861, 
 viime SeYie, p. 285. 
 
 Figuier, L Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 pp. 41, 90. 
 
 The English Cyclopedia, Biography, vol. iii. 
 1856, col. 717. 
 
 NouvelleBiographieGtne'rale, 1861, xxvii. col. 769. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 ivorterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1258. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1882, xvi. p. i 
 (by Erman). 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 441 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1903, viii. p. 734. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 230. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 478 (by Pagel). 
 
 Sommervogel, Bibliotheque de la Compagnie de 
 Jhus, 1893, Bibliographic, iv. col. 1046-1077. 
 
KIRCHMAJER KIRCHWEGER 
 
 469 
 
 KIRCHMAJER (GEORG CASPAR). 
 
 B. C. D. Metallo- Metamorphosis, Principiis ac Experimentis Curiosis 
 Metallurgies asserta, sub Praesidio Georg. Casp. Kirchmajeri, Prof. Publ. 
 Academ. Witteberg. Senioris, Imper. Leopoldin. Phosph. Secund. Publica- 
 bitur ad d. Decembr. A. cloIocXCIII. In Auditorio Majori, a Re- 
 spondente, Ludovico Gaspare Mayero, Neukirchensi-Franco. Wittenbergae, 
 Typis Christian! Schrodteri, Acad. Typ. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 22. [4 pp. added on, apparently belonging to a different thesis.] 
 
 The author of the Beytrag is unable to agree with Kirchniajer's thesis that iron and other metals were 
 first prepared by Adam for the use of mankind. 
 
 GeorgI Casp. Kirchmajeri, in Electorali VViteberga P. P. Acad. C. de 
 Phosphoris et Natura Lucis, nee non de Igne, Commentatio Epistolica. 
 Wittebergae, Apud Johannem Henricum Ellingerum, Bibl. Anno 
 
 clo locLXXX. 
 
 4. Pp. [2] 72 [6]. Title red and black. Vignette. 
 
 Kirchmaier, Kirchmajer, Kirchmayer all the 
 forms occur was born at Uffenheim in Franconia 
 20 (29) July, 1635. He became professor of rhe- 
 toric at Wittenberg, and was received into the 
 Academia Naturae Curiosorum in 1677 under the 
 name of Phosphorus II. He was a man of immense 
 attainments and his studies embraced numismatics, 
 physics, chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, zoology 
 and medicine, and his numerous works on the most 
 varied subjects won and maintained for him great 
 celebrity. 
 
 He died 28 Sept. (Oct.), 1700. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 324. 
 
 Adolphus Clarmundus, Vit<e clarissimorum in re 
 literaria Virorum, das ist : Lebens-Beschreibung 
 etlicher Hauptgelehrten Manner, Wittenberg, 1705, 
 ii. pp. 260-270, with a portrait. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotkeca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, II. i. p. lii. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce Metallicee, 
 
 1732, p. 81. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1737, xv. col. 770. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. p. 195. 
 
 Moller, Cimbria littrata, 1744, i. p. 320 (under 
 Kunckel). . 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2097 (list of his numerous, varied and curious 
 books) ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 
 386. 
 
 Biichner, Academia . . . Naturae Curiosorum 
 ffistoria, 1755, p. 468, No. 69. 
 
 Matthias, Conspectus Histories Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 799. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 509. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1774, i. p. 474. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 
 1778, ii. p, 639. 
 
 Haller, Bibliolheca Medicines practices, 1779, m. 
 p. 72. 
 
 Kirchmajer had already written a tract on phos- 
 phorus : Noctiluca constans et per vices fulgurans , 
 diutissimequcesita, nunc reperta, Wittebergae, 1676, 
 4, ff [12]. Beckmann quotes the later tract of 
 1680, p. 7, for Kirchmajer's account of an experi- 
 ment on the phosphorescence or fluorescence of 
 fluor spar, which Beckmann thinks was the first 
 publication of it. Rotermund ascribes to Kirch- 
 majer the discovery of etching on glass, but the art, 
 as Beckmann shows, was known to Schwanhard 
 before Kirchmajer and long before the decompo- 
 sition of fluor spar by Scheele. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern CAemie, 1785, 
 
 P- 55 I- 
 
 Saxius, Onomasticon literarium, 1785, v. p. 109. 
 
 Beckmann, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Erfin- 
 dungen, 1792, iii. p. 555 ; English translation, 1814, 
 iii. p. 222. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Cliemie, 1798, ii. pp. 275, 
 320. 
 
 Fuchs, Reptrtorium der chemischen Litteralur, 
 1806-08, p. 200. 
 
 Biographie Medicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 427. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, pp. 
 
 455. 474- 
 
 Biographie Universelle, no date, xxi. p. 647. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der CAemie, 1845, iii. p. 328 
 (history of phosphorus). 
 
 Figuier, LAlchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, p. 
 
 3". 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1861, xxvii. col. 
 
 779- 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 wdrterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1261. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1882, xvi. p. 16 
 (by W. Hess). 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexicon der hervorragen- 
 den Aerste, 1886, iii. p. 479. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p, 442 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1903, viii. p. 735. 
 
 KIRCHWEGER (ANTON JOSEPH). 
 
 Aurea Catena Homeri. Das ist: Eine Beschreibung von dem Ursprung der 
 Natur und natiirlichen Dinge, wie und woraus sie gebohren und gezeuget, 
 auch wie sie erhalten und wiederum in ihr uranfangliches Wesen zerstoret, 
 werden, auch was das Ding sey, welches alles gebahret und wieder zerstoret, 
 
KIRCHWEGER 
 
 KIRCHWEGER (ANTON JOSEPH). Continued. 
 
 gantz simpliciter nach der Natur selbst eigner Anleitung und Ordnung mit 
 seinem schonsten naturlichen rationibus und Ursachen iiberall illustriret. 
 Neue Auflage, welche nach einem accuraten und vollstandigen Manuscript 
 fast auf alien Blattern verbessert, und an sehr vielen Orten um ein grosses 
 Theil verniehret, in Zwey Theilen, weil kein echter dritter Theil vorhanden 
 ist. Mit Konigl. Poln. und Churfl. Sachs, allergn. Privilegio. Leipzig, 
 verlegts Samuel Benjamin Walther. 1728. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 406. 
 Symbolic engraving and woodcut. 
 
 Index [16]. Title red and black. 
 
 Aureae Catenae Homeri Dritter Theil de Transmutatione Metallorum, oder 
 eine Beschreibung von den Tincturen, wie solche aus alien Ertzen, Metallen, 
 &c., konnen zubereitet und dadurch die geringere Metallen und Edelgesteine 
 in bessere verwandelt werden, Nebst einer curieusen Historischen Nachricht, 
 von Verwandelung der geringeren Metallen in Bessere. Von einem 
 aufrichtigen Liebhaber der Chymie. Franckfurth und Leipzig, 1726. 
 8. Pp. [8] 46 [2 blank]. Title red and black. 
 
 The first edition of the Aurea Catena Homeri, 
 containing two parts, was published at Frankfurt 
 and Leipzig by Johann Georg Bohme, 1723, 8, pp. 
 [12, including the ' Catena ' in red] 464 (with a 
 folding leaf), [40, 4 blank]. Symbolic engraving, 
 title in red and black. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy gives the date of the first 
 edition as 1623, but that is obviously a misprint. 
 
 After the 1728 edition as above came the third : 
 Leipzig, 1738, 8, pp. [16, including the ' Catena ' 
 in red, as the frontispiece], 406 [16]. Symbolic 
 plate. Title in red and black. 
 
 Other editions : Jena, 1754 (?) ; Jena, 1757 ; 
 Vienna, 1757 (?). 
 
 Then, with the title : Annulus Platonis, Berlin 
 and Leipzig, 1781 (g.v.). This is said to have been 
 edited by Wollner and Jugel. 
 
 The book was translated into Latin by Favrat, 
 and published : Francofurti, Esslinger, 1762, 8, 
 and again at Hall in Swabia in 1770. 
 
 Ladrague mentions a translation into French : 
 'Chained'Or d'Homere,' by Sitandre in the i8th 
 century, which existed in manuscript in the Ouvar- 
 off Library, and had not been printed, and an 
 adaptation or modified translation : La Nature 
 deVoilee, Paris, 1772, 2 vols., 12, said by Barbier 
 to have been translated by a physician, Dufournel. 
 The third part appeared first in 1726 as above, 
 and again in 1727, and it was reprinted in 1770. As 
 so often happens when a bibliographer has not seen 
 some particular edition, Ladrague considers the 
 date 1726 given by Fictuld as a mistake for 1727. 
 But while right in affirming a 1727 edition, which 
 is given also in the Beytrag, he is obviously wrong 
 in denying a 1726 edition ; both exist. 
 
 The authorship of this work is not at all certain. 
 The author of the Beytrag thinks it was written 
 about 1654 by a Rosicrucian of Utrecht, and the 
 manuscript lay in the Imperial Library at Vienna. 
 
 Fictuld, who quotes only the 1738 edition of the 
 original work, says the author is not known, but he 
 follows the same principles as his master Sincerus 
 Renatus, skilled in his way in the description of 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 133. 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 33. 
 
 sophistical chemical processes, but not an ' Adeptus 
 Hermeticus. ' About the third part Fictuld cannot 
 express himself too strongly : ' for the good of his 
 reputation the author suppressed his name ; the 
 book is a collection of arch-lies and sophistical 
 deceptions, which are for the destruction of those 
 who have faith in them. They deserve to be 
 burned publicly by the executioner to prevent them 
 doing more mischief. Alas for the precious time 
 wasted upon them ! ' 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy assigns the 1728 edition to 
 Naxagoras, I do not know upon what ground, for 
 there is nothing in the book to indicate its author- 
 ship. Whether the third part was by Naxagoras, 
 as Ladrague suggests, or not, I am unable to 
 decide. 
 
 The best-founded view seems to be that it was 
 written by Anton Joseph Kirchweger, who was a 
 doctor of medicine and ' physicus ' at Gmunden, in 
 Upper Austria, and died in 1746. This work 
 attracted a great deal of attention, and was one of 
 the books read by Goethe at the time when he was 
 interested in alchemy. The title is taken from the 
 Iliad, VIII. v. 17-26 ; and AdaMah Booz quotes 
 similar expressions, Catena deaurata et rota circu- 
 laris of Raymon Lull, Aureusfunis, scala Jacobi, 
 superius et inferius of Hermes, to denote, as Lull 
 puts it, that by which wise nature governs all her 
 instruments by constant revolving and circulating. 
 
 Kirchweger wrote another work : Microscopium 
 Basilii Valentini sive commentariolum et cribellum 
 iiber den grofsen Kreuzapfel der Welt, Berlin, 1790. 
 
 The editors of the 1781 edition, or Annulus 
 Platonis, in discussing (Vorrede, p. ix. note) the 
 third part, reject it as spurious and foisted on the 
 original work. "It does not come from 'our' 
 school," and they speak of themselves as the 
 genuine brethren of the deceased author, and 
 the sole legal inheritors of the book. They assert 
 that the author was Herwerd von Forchenbrunn, a 
 teacher of medicine at Cromau and Landphysicus 
 in Moravia, and " a worthy member of ' our ' secret 
 brotherhood in which he bore the name of Homerus. " 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 661. 
 
KIRCHWEGERK1RS TEN 
 
 KIRCHWEGER (ANTON JOSEPH). Continued. 
 
 AdaMah Booz, Die game hohere Chemie und 
 Naturwissenschaft, 1787, p. 87, note. 
 
 Heinsius, Allgemein.es Bucher-Lexicon, 1812, i. 
 col. 146. 
 
 Brunei, Manuel du Libraire, -1861, ii. col. 1197. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheq ue Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 1442-47. 
 
 Barbier, Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonyines, 
 1875, iii. col. 398 d. 
 
 Kopp, Aurea Catena Homeri, Braunschweig, 
 1880, 8. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 209. 
 
 Goethe, " Dichtung und Wahrheit," ii. Achtes 
 Buch. , Werke, xxi. pp. 119, 349. 
 
 KIRSTEN (GEORG). 
 
 Georgii Kirstenii, D. ac Prof. Regij in Stetinensi Paedagogio, Adversaria, et 
 Animadversiones, in Johannis Agricolae, D. ac Physici Breslaviensis Com- 
 mentaria in Poppium, & Chirurgiam parvam. Darinnen der falsche, und 
 betriegliche gebrauch der Chymischen Artzneyen, das Aurum potabile und 
 andere Panaceas belangend; wie auch der irrige Methodus Medendi, und 
 was in der kleinen Chirurgia, und Alchemia, oder Transmutatione Metallorum 
 nebenst den unerhorten Rodomontaden, und unglaublichen Geschichten ohne 
 grund vorgebracht worden, Augenscheinlich und Sonnenklar gewiesen, und 
 wiederleget wird. Allen Liebhabern der Wahrheit, Medicis, Chirurgis, 
 wahren Chymicis, Balbierern und Feldscherern zur Nachricht geschrieben, 
 und niitzlich zu lesen. 
 
 Hippocrates Lege sua. 
 Omnium profectb Artium Medicina nobilissima. Verum propter eorum, 
 
 qui earn exercent, ignorantiam, eorumq; qui temere de his judicant, 
 
 omnibus artibus jam longe inferior habetur. 
 
 Gedruckt zu Alten Stettin, bey Georg Gotzken. In Verlegung Jeremiae 
 Mamphrasen, Buchhandlers, Anno 1648. 
 
 4. Pp. [54] 594. [10]. Engraved title included in the pagination. 
 
 Kirsten, Kirstein, Kirsteyn, Kirstenius, was born 
 at Stettin, 20 January, 1613. At Halle he began a 
 course of study of philosophy and medicine, which 
 lasted several years and led him to Jena, Strasburg, 
 Tubingen, Leyden, Franecker, Groningen, Utrecht, 
 and again to Leyden, where he devoted four years 
 to botany, and finally received his degree. He 
 intended now to travel, and declined chairs at 
 Dor pat and Greifswald, but was persuaded to 
 return to Stettin as professor of medicine and royal 
 
 Henningus Witte, Memoriae Medicorum nostri 
 seculi darissimorum renovate, 1676, Decas Se- 
 cunda, pp. 209-214 (reprint of the funeral pro- 
 gramme of Henricus Schaevius). 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 332. 
 
 Freher, T heat rum Virorum eruditione clarorum, 
 1688, p. 1387. 
 
 Witte, Diarium Biographicum, 1688, Sig. 0003 
 verso, 4 March, 1660. 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca scriptorummedicorum, 1731, 
 II. i. p. Iii. (contains a reprint of his funeral 
 oration). 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, pp. 4, 278, 279. 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1737, xv. col. 801. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 445- 
 
 Niceron, Mtmoires, 1740, xli. pp. 179-182. 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 
 physician. He died there March 4, 1660, and his 
 funeral discourse was pronounced by Henricus 
 Schaevius (Witte) or Schrevius (Haller). His writ- 
 ings besides the present criticism of JOHANN 
 AGRICOLA (q.v.) consist of Disquisitiones Phyto- 
 logicce, Stettin, 1651 ; a collection of academical 
 disputations, and Oratio de medicines dignitate et 
 prastantia contra Platonem et Plinium, Stettin, 
 1647. 
 
 col. 2105 ; Rotermund's Fortsettung, 1810, iii. col. 
 412. 
 
 Chaufepie, Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1753, iii. letter K, p. 43. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Midecine, 
 1755, ii. p. 98 ; 1778, ii. p. 641. 
 
 Matthias, Conspectus Historian Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 591. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1771, i. p. 483. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1774, i. p. 346. 
 
 Haller, Bibl. Mfdicina Practices, 1777, ii. p. 716. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 663. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, p. 146. 
 
 Bayle et Thillaye, Biographie Mtdicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 429. 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerate aller Zeiten und Volker, 1886, iii. p. 
 482. 
 
472 
 
 KIRS TENKLEFEKER 
 
 KIRSTEN (MICHAEL). 
 Non-entia Chymica. 
 See UTIS UDENIUS. 
 
 KIRWAN (RICHARD). 
 
 See SCHEELE (KARL WILHELM), 1780. 
 
 Kirwan was born in Co. Galway in 1733. He 
 finished his education at Poictiers and St. Onier and 
 by the death of his brother succeeded to the family 
 estate of Gregg in 1755. He was called to the 
 Irish bar in 1766, but soon relinquished law for 
 science, which he pursued in London. He lived 
 there from 1777 to 1787, and became acquainted 
 with many of the most notable people of the time, 
 carried on a wide correspondence and held recep- 
 tions which formed a rendezvous for distinguished 
 personages. He contributed papers to the Royal 
 Society for which the Copley medal was conferred 
 upon him. In 1784 he published his book on minera- 
 logy, which had much success as being the first 
 systematic work on the subject in English. Even 
 now it is an interesting landmark in the history of 
 mineralogy, as it shows the minerals that were 
 known, the system of classification and the amount 
 of knowledge of their composition. This was fol- 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1799, iii. pp. 
 284. 
 
 Scherer, Allgemeines Journal der Chemie, 1801, 
 vi. p. 902. 
 
 Tilloch, Philosophical Magazine, 1802, xiv. p. 
 353, with a portrait. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 514, 547. 
 
 Annual Register for 1812, p. 177. 
 
 Gentleman's Magazine, 1812, l.xxxii., part i. p. 
 669. 
 
 Thomson, History of the Royal Society, 1812, p. 
 483 (about Phlogiston) ; App. iv. p. Ivii. , 24 Feb. , 
 1780 (calls him Richard Kirwin). 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1818, xxii. p. 456 ; no 
 date, xxi. p. 651. 
 
 Watt, Bibliotheca Britannica, 1824, Authors, ii. 
 
 S74/ 
 Bitgraphie Mddicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 25). v. p. 433- 
 
 lowed by his essay on Phlogiston in 1787, which, 
 on being recognized as a thorough exposition of 
 the theory, was at once translated into French, each 
 chapter in turn having a refutation appended to it. 
 He replied to the criticism, but in 1791 he went 
 over to the antiphlogistic view. 
 
 In 1787, on account of his health, he took up his 
 abode in Dublin and threw himself into the work 
 of the Royal Irish Academy and other societies, to 
 which he contributed papers on chemistry, pure 
 and applied. He had a keen controversy over the 
 Huttonian theory and wrote a book on the analysis 
 of mineral waters, 1799. He was a chemist of dis- 
 tinction without having made any striking discovery, 
 a widely known and highly accomplished man, and 
 he was the recipient of many honours both at 
 home and from foreign countries. He died i June, 
 1812. 
 
 Gorton, A Central Biographical Dictionary, 
 London, 1828, ii. p. 261. 
 Thomson, The History oj Chemistry, 1831, ii. p. 
 
 137. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 581. 
 
 Cuvier, Histoire des sciences naturelles, 1845, v. 
 pp. 7, 46, 299. 
 
 Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings, 1850, iv. App. 
 No. viii. p. Ixxxi. (article by M. Donovan) ; Ib. p. 
 481 (with portrait ; article by Dr. Pickells). 
 
 The English Cyclopcedia, Biography, vol. iii. 
 1856, col. 717. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographie Generale, 1861, xxvii. col. 
 791. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1263. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. p. 148. 
 
 Dictionary of National Biography, 1892, xxxi. p. 
 228. 
 
 KLEEBLAT. 
 
 See MONTE-CUBITI (V. DEj. 
 
 KLEFEKER (DETLEF). 
 
 Das Fundament der Lehre vom Stein der Weisen, oder des Uraltesten 
 Philosophi Hermetis Trismegisti Tabula Smaragdina. Welche Tafel bisher 
 von den meisten fur ein unaufloslich Ratzel gehalten worden : Dieselbe hat 
 nunmehro in Teutscher Sprache mit experimentirter Wahrheit deutlich erklaret, 
 und darum sich genennet, Pyrophilus. Vorerinnerung ! Alle gerechten 
 Exemplarien von dieser Schrifft hat der Auctor eigenhandig unterschrieben 
 und besiegelt. Gedruckt und verlegt durch Conrad Konig, E. Hoch-Edl. 
 Hochw. Raths Buchdrucker, in Hamburg. 1736. 
 
 4. Pp. 116. Signed Pyrophilus and sealed. 
 
f 
 
 I VrVfVF 
 
 \f 
 
 KLEFEKER-KLE TTENBERG 
 
 473 
 
 KLEFEKER (DETLEF). Continued. 
 
 The editor of Henkel's letters says that his name 
 was Detlef Klefeker, that he was a ' royal Prussian 
 Commissionarius ' who lived at Hamburg and 
 dealt in foreign produce. In his earlier letters he 
 called himself Michael Gottheil, but he afterwards 
 used his own name when he had attained his 
 object, which was to get access for himself and his 
 excellent friend to Henkel's laboratory and money 
 bag. The said friend was a Dr. Wicherts of Ham- 
 burg, who seems to have dictated the letters which 
 Klefeker wrote out and sent. At all events the 
 editor treats them as emanating practically from 
 one person. We gather from p. 199 of the letters 
 that the name Pyrophilus which appears in the 
 present work is another of Klefeker's pseudonyms. 
 
 The letters addressed to Henkel treat of various 
 chemical topics. 
 
 Meusel quotes the present book and states that 
 he has seen it assigned to Johann Klefeker, but he 
 is of opinion that it can hardly be by that person. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Ch.em.ie, 1785, 
 p. 664. 
 . Ginelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 328. 
 
 Mineralogische, Chemische und Alchymische 
 Briefe . . . an der . . . Bergrath J. F. Henkel, 
 .1799, ii. pp. 141-202. 
 
 Meusel, Itxikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 
 verstorbenen Teuischen Schriftsieller , 1808, vii. 
 P- Si- 
 
 KLEINE Rawer (Der). 
 
 See GRASSHOFF (JOHANN). 
 
 KLEINE Paradeiss-tafel. 
 
 See GLORIA MUNDI. 
 
 Ladrague states that on p. 116 of the Ouvaroff 
 copy below the word Pyrophilus is written Klefecker 
 hamburgensis, and that Weiss in his article says 
 that in a sale catalogue this book is attributed to 
 Johann Klefecker. But he has not noticed the 
 confirmation of the authorship which is printed on 
 p. 116, the note, namely, which gives the date and 
 apparent name of the place: Gegeben aus den 
 Kleefer-Feldt-Ek, ini Jahr Christi 1736. meines 
 Alters im Ein und Sechtzigsten Jahr. Obviously 
 the name of the place is an anagram of Detlef 
 Klefeker. 
 
 The present copy wants a supplement, pp. 117- 
 132, with some other tracts, including one on per- 
 petual motion by Klefeker, mentioned by Ladrague. 
 The title of the supplement is : Abgenothigte 
 Beylage, gehorig an dem Tractat, betitult : das 
 Fundament . . . Ibid. 1736. 
 
 Biographic Universelle, 1818, xxii. p. 465 ; no 
 date, xxii. p. 16. (Article by Weiss, who identifies 
 him with Johann Klefeker.) 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 36. 
 
 Nouvelle Biographic Generate, 1861, xxvii. col. 
 826. (This article is on Johann Klefeker, but it 
 does not include the present work among his 
 writings.) 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1369. 
 
 KLEIN (Ein) Rosen Gartlein, darinnen die Philosophia Naturalis und Voll- 
 komniifs aller Metallischen Sachen begriffen seind. 
 See TANCKE (JOACHIM), Promptuarium Alchymiae, Ander Buch, 1614, p. 19. 
 
 KLEINOD. 
 
 See R. (i. M.), 1728. 
 
 KLETTENBERG (JOHANN HEKTOR VON). 
 
 See BESONDERE CURIEUSE ENTREVUE, 1721. 
 
 This book seems to be rare, for Kopp states that 
 he had searched in several libraries for it in vain. 
 It is anonymous, but he gives reasons for thinking 
 it may have been written by David Fassmann at 
 Leipzig who was the author of a number of such 
 conversations. 
 
 The two adventurers, who are here brought 
 together, had nothing to do with each other, and 
 their deaths were separated by a few years, but 
 there was such a similarity in their lives that an 
 interview between them after they had worked out 
 their fates seems a matter of course. 
 
 Domenico Manuel Cajetano (or Cajetani, Caetano, 
 Gaetano), who passed himself off as a Count, and 
 rose ultimately to high offices in Germany and 
 Austria, was the son of a peasant at Pietrabianca 
 near Naples. Friends helped in his education, he 
 was apprenticed to a goldsmith, acquired and 
 exhibited juggling tricks in Italy. He discovered 
 
 a treasure which had been buried by an unknown 
 alchemist along with a manuscript describing the 
 preparation of the stone. He gets the name of 
 being in possession of it, and of having exhibited 
 its transmuting power whereby he gained credit. 
 This he did in Madrid with such success that he 
 was persuaded by the Bavarian ambassador to go 
 to Brussels to Maximilian Emanuel of Bavaria, who 
 was then Governor of the Spanish Netherlands. 
 He did so and won the governor's confidence, and 
 at the same time promised to make a quantity of 
 the stone. Honours were conferred upon him and 
 he gradually obtained 60000 gulden. When he 
 had got all he could he tried to escape, but he was 
 captured and kept in the Castle of Grunewald for 
 six years. At the end of that time he got away 
 somehow, and in 1704 was at Vienna as 
 Count Ruggiero, where in presence of Emperor 
 Leopold I. he performed certain transmutations, 
 
474 
 
 KLETTENBERG 
 
 KLETTENBERG (JOHANN HEKTOR VON). Continued. 
 
 and again undertook to make the stone in quantity. 
 In 1705 the Emperor died, but Cajetano found a 
 patron in Prince Johann Wilhelm of the Palatinate. 
 But for some reason the Count went to Berlin and 
 made his former promises to King Frederick I. , and 
 executed successful experiments in presence of 
 Conrad Dippel, a believer in alchemy, but a shrewd 
 person, who was not impressed by the nobility and 
 titles of the stranger. He had promised within sixty 
 days to make a large quantity of the transmuting 
 media for gold and silver, for the King. The latter 
 gave the adept numerous and valuable presents, 
 and bestowed on him also important offices. But 
 instead of going on with his preparations he 
 absented himself and went to Hildesheim and 
 Stettin. On his return he made fresh demands, 
 offered to sell the secret outright, and asked for 
 money to take him to Italy. This conduct raised 
 
 Hannemann, Thubat.ca.in, 1707, p. 34. 
 
 Hannemann, Jason [1709], p. 41. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, pp. 
 104-134. 
 
 Petraeus, Fr, Basilii Valentini . . . Chymische 
 Schriften, Leipzig, 1769, i. Neue Vorrede, sig. b6 
 verso c 5 verso. 
 
 Giildenfalk, Sammlung von mehr als hundert ' 
 Transmutationsgeschichten, 1784, pp. 94-107. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 PP- 
 
 Klettenberg was born at Frankfurt a. M. in 1669, 
 and at school displayed unusual ability, acquiring 
 French and Latin with facility. Stirred by ambition 
 he had the fancy to be a statesman, and to enrich 
 himself he engaged in alchemical pursuits. But 
 his experiments miscarried, and he lost in them 
 and in dissipated living what little money he 
 possessed. Pressed by creditors he went to England 
 and resided for a time at Cambridge, but he had to 
 depart from it also for the same reason, and 
 wandered up and down, borrowing money from 
 people who believed in his power to transmute, 
 and paying them with promises. When at the end 
 of his resources, he returned to Frankfurt and tried 
 by a successful marriage to attain the position he 
 desired. He lapsed once more into loose living, 
 and having killed a relative called Stallburg, said 
 to be a rival, in a quarrel or duel, tried to get away, 
 but was secured and imprisoned in Frankfurt. In 
 some way unknown he effected his escape and 
 secured a safe pass from the Emperor. He changed 
 his name, lived in Bremen, Mainz, Prague, and 
 other places, and pursued his method of getting 
 money from people by promising them the proceeds 
 of his transmutation experiments. The work 
 always proceeded favourably up to a certain point, 
 but when it was nearing completion and the people 
 were expecting a successful issue, important business 
 compelled him to take a long journey, and he 
 departed promising to return and complete the 
 work, which he never did. In this way he acquired 
 considerable sums, lived in great style and kept 
 a secretary, and appeared as a nobleman at some 
 of the German courts. As Baron von Wildeck he 
 visited the Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe- Weimar, 
 and spoke of a process he had for extracting gold 
 and silver from ores by means of a preparation 
 which did not alter, and affirmed that it was a 
 metallurgical and not an alchemical method. 
 
 The Duke gave him 200 Thlr. to prepare the 
 material at Ilmenau. The first trials were success- 
 ful, but when the process was repeated at Weimar, 
 19 Aug. 1713, it was supervised by two watchful 
 
 suspicion which was not diminished by information 
 about his previous doings at Vienna, which warned 
 the King against him. It was also found that the 
 process he had given to the Royal Commission for 
 preparing the stone was a failure, and when he was 
 expostulated with, he escaped to Hamburg. Here 
 however he was arrested and conveyed to the 
 fortress at Kiistrin. On his stating that he could 
 not do any experimental work in prison, he was 
 taken to Berlin, did a little and fled to Frankfurt 
 on the Main. He was captured once more and 
 sent to Kiistrin, and as it was found that he either 
 would not or could not fulfil his undertaking he 
 was condemned to death. In August, 1709, the 
 sentence was carried out; dressed in clothes 
 covered with tinsel, he was hanged on a gallows 
 decorated with the same material. 
 
 Christianus Democritus, Aufrichtiger Protestant, 
 
 P- S 1 - 
 
 Historischer Bericht von dem Leben des Grafen 
 Caetano, Berlin and Frankfurt, 1790, 8. 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 
 
 294-S- 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemte, 1832, p. 484. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 91, 134, 185, 
 195. 197. 
 
 metallurgical experts who reported that the adept 
 introduced silver along with the fluxes and other 
 materials he employed. He was accordingly dis- 
 missed, 24 Aug. 1713, without having to refund 
 the money he had received. This same year he 
 published his book entitled : Die entlarffte Alchymia, 
 set up as an alchemist, and went to the Court of 
 Saxony where his previous history was unknown, 
 and where he imposed on everyone by his manners 
 and by his sumptuous scale of living. His fame 
 having come to the ears of Augustus the Strong, in 
 1714 he made an undertaking to supply the King 
 within fourteen months with a universal tincture of 
 unlimited power and an elixir of life, and to reserve 
 this and all his other secrets for the King alone. 
 He, thereupon, proceeded to fulfil his part of the 
 bargain in a laboratory that had been furnished for 
 him at considerable cost. But time passed, he still 
 indulged in his old habits and contracted debts, 
 and he made excuses for the delay of the work. 
 He was in favour with the King who permitted 
 him to revisit his native town. When he ran the 
 risk of being arrested on account of the duel, he 
 withdrew to a place in the neighbourhood where 
 he lived till the spring of 1716. On his return 
 to Dresden he represented to the King that the 
 previous labours having come to nothing on account 
 of the unexpected duration of his absence, he must 
 begin anew. The following year passed also and 
 the King became impatient and distrustful, and at 
 last a commission of enquiry was appointed to 
 ascertain the reason of the delay, and Klettenberg 
 was ordered to bring his work to a conclusion. 
 He made attempts to gain complete freedom but 
 he was watched carefully, and when he planned to 
 escape, was transferred to the Konigsstein, the 
 great castle near Dresden. 
 
 On 'Walpurgis-night,' 1719, he contrived to 
 break out, and, with an agility worthy of his name, 
 to climb down the high steep rocks on which the 
 castle stands. How he effected it without injury is 
 surprising to any one who knows the place, and 
 he had better fortune than some of the French 
 
KLE TTENBERGKNOR 
 
 475 
 
 KLETTENBERG (JOHANN HEKTOR VON). Continued. 
 
 prisoners of the last war who made the same 
 attempt. He was recaptured, however, and im- 
 mured in a subterranean dungeon. Even from 
 this he escaped on i6th Jan. 1720, but during his 
 descent he fell and was discovered by people who 
 were attracted by his cries and who took him back 
 to the fortress. The commandant, von Kyau, 
 
 Cregander, Merckwiirdiges Leben und Thaten 
 de 3 . . . General -Lieutenants . . . Friedrich Wil- 
 helm . . . von Kyau, Koln, 1727-1736, i. p. 305 
 (Kyau was Governor of the Konigsstein in 1715). 
 
 Zedler, Universal-Lexicon, 1737, xv. col. 927. 
 (A long account. ) 
 
 Beyirag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 4i?-45 6 543. 6 54- (A long account. ) 
 
 made a report to the King, and Klettenberg was 
 ultimately condemned to death for various crimes, 
 murder being one. The heavy broad-bladed sword 
 of the executioner put an end to his life by decapi-. 
 tation on ist March, 1720. Klettenberg suffered 
 his sentence without having his eyes bandaged. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 296- 
 297 (and references). 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 515. 
 
 Figuier, L'Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 p. 160. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 174-180, 185, 
 195, 219, 244-248 ; ii. p. 382. (A long account 
 with references.) 
 
 KNOR (Louis GILHOMME DE). 
 
 Basilius Valentinus Redivivus seu Astrum Rutilans Alchymicum. Das ist: 
 Der wieder auffgelebte Basilius Valentinus oder Hellglantzendes Gestirn 
 der Alchymie, welches gantz hell und klar zeiget, so wohl der alten als 
 neuen wahren Sophorum einhellige, deutliche, und unfehlbahre Meynung von 
 der ersten und andern philosophischen materie Vor- und Nach- Arbeit des 
 grossen Wercks, denen jEigenschafften der gemeinen und Philosoph. Metall. 
 Sal. und Mineralien. Aus den bewahrtesten Schrifften der Philosophorum 
 verfasset, dabey eine gantz leichte gewisse und accurate Methode angewiesen, 
 wie die Vor-Arbeit vollbracht werden mufs, welches von keinen bifshero 
 geschehen, wodurch die meisten sonst vorfallende Dubia von sich selbst 
 auffgehoben werden, Samt beygefiigten kurtzen und deutlichen Alchym- 
 Physiologischen Raisonement des Autoris, von Louis Gilhomme de Knor, 
 Med. Philo-Chym. Leipzig, In Verlegung des Autoris, und zu finden 
 
 bey Johann Friedrich Braun, 1716. 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 160. Title red and black. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 8. Pp. [16] 160. Title red and black. Title-page damaged. Wants pp. 131-158. 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 8. Title wanting. Pp. [4] [14] 160. 
 
 This copy has a dedication to the Bishop of Eichstatt added, dated Leipzig, 2 May, 
 1716, which is not contained in the other copies. 
 
 Das Nothige Nosce Te, zu Erhaltung der Lebens-Flammen durch eine doppelte 
 Panacea, so aus der wahren Minera Solis der Sophorum durch richtige 
 Spagirische Handgriffe praepariret wird ; Allen Gesundheit-liebenden zu 
 derselben Erhaltung, so sie aber verlohren, dero Recuperirung, samt einer 
 richtigen und accuraten Manuduction der Zubereitung vorgesetzter Panacea, 
 recommendiret und praesentiret durch Louis Gilhome von Knor, Philos. & 
 Medic. D. Leipzig, Bey Johann Grofsens Erben, 1714. 
 8'. Pp. [16] 127 [ij. Title red and black. 
 
KNORKONIGLICHE 
 
 KNOR (Louis GILHOMME DE). Continued. 
 
 The true name of this person was Ludwig Wil- Besides the above, he wrote also Pharmacopeia 
 
 helm von Knor, which he seems to have had a compendiosa, oder Kurzer Innhalt guter und be- 
 
 fancy to turn into rather unusual French. His wahrter Arzneymittel, Naumberg, 1765, 8, a 
 
 name is known, but I have found no details of his description of an alkaline gold-salt, and Das init 
 
 life except that it ended in 1754. Haller calls him Gewiirze Friichten, Pfianzen, Krautern, Blumen 
 
 D. L. W. v. Knorr. Saamen und Obstblumen angefullte Magazin, Leip- 
 zig, 1755, 8, and one or two on practical medicine. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehr ten- Lexicon; Roter- 
 
 HermMque, 1742, iii. p. 196. mund's Fortsetzung und Ergdnzungen, 1810, iii. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Botanica, 1772, ii. p. 451. col. 566. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hbhern Chemie, Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mcdc- 
 
 1785, pp. 654, 656. cine, 1836, III. i. p. 338. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 
 322, 342, 386. genden Aerste, 1886, iii. p. 506. 
 
 Meusel, Lexikon der vom Jahr 1750 bis 1800 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 327, 356. 
 verstorbenen teutschen Schriftsteller ; 1808, vii. p. 
 138. 
 
 KOCHHEIM (JOHANN HEINRICH) von Hollrieden. 
 See COCHEIM (JOHANN HEINRICH) von Hollrieden. 
 See also HOLLRIEDEN (JOHANN HEINRICH COCHEIM VON). 
 
 KOMUVES (PAULUS ADAMUS). 
 
 Dissertatio de Oleo Mineral! Secretissimo Vero Auro Potabili, cujus conficiendi 
 modum apposuit. Ac Authoritate, et Consensu Illustrium, Perillustrium, ac 
 Magnificorum, Spectabiiium, Clarissimorum, & Excellentissimorum Virorum, 
 Perillustris, ac Magnifici Domini Universitatis Rectoris, Illustrissimi, 
 Magnifici, ac Clarissimi Inclytse Facultatis Medicse D. Praesidis, Perillustris, 
 Spectabilis, Clarissimi, ac Excellentissimi Inclytae Facultatis Medicae Domini 
 Decani. Venerabilis Domini Senioris D.D. Sac. Caesareae Majestatis Con- 
 siliariorum, ac Archiatrorum, nee non Clarissimorum D D Professorum, 
 adeoque totius Amplissimi D.D. Medicorum Collegii, in Antiquissima ac 
 Celeberrima Universitate Viennensi Publico DD. Doctorum Scrutinio in 
 Dissertatione Inaugurali exponit Paulus Adamus Komiives, Hungarus 
 Szdplakiensis AA. LL. & Philosophise Magister, nee non pro suprema 
 Doctoratus Laurea Candidatus. Disputabuntur tempore & loco consuetis, 
 Die Mensis Anno M DCC LI I. Viennae, Typis Francisci Andreae 
 Kirchberger, Universitatis Typographi. 
 
 4. Pp. [12] 14. 
 
 KONIG. 
 
 Der sich aller Welt zeigende Kdnig in seinem Purpur-Mantel, Das ist : 
 Die ohnverfalschte Warheit unserer Chymischen Operation in Bereitung 
 der Universal-Tinctur, entdecket sich ohne eintzige dunckle Redens-Arth 
 aufs zweyen uhr-alten Manuscriptis, und offenbahret sich in seinem herrlichen 
 Geschmuck. Welches zu Dienste seines bediirfftigen Nachsten zum Druck 
 befordern und an Tag geben wollen ein Liebhaber der Philosophic. 
 Franckfurth, Verlegts Samuel Tobias Hocker, M DCC XI. 
 
 8. Pp. 48. 
 
 KONIGLICHE Hermetische Special-Concordanz, worinnen sie, samt dero gantzem 
 Fundament, bestehe, nach der Abtheilung, wie der Conspectus Capitum & 
 Contentorum so stracks auf dem andern Blate ausweiset und anzeiget, samt 
 
KONIGLICHEKOFFSKY 477 
 
 KONIGLICHE Hermetische Special-Concordanz, etc. Continued. 
 
 derselben Ehren-Rettung oder einem gnugsam fundirten Sentiment, dafs 
 die Concordanz aus den Biichern der Philosophorum nicht nur moglich 
 und richtig zu machen sey, sondern auch die unrechten von den wahren 
 Philosophis gantz wohl und leichte zu unterscheiden. Alles auf Anleitung 
 Herrn Johann Kunckel von Lowensterns sel Seines A. 1716 durch Hrn. D. 
 Job. Caspar Engelleder, Medic. Practicum in Hamburg, heraus gegebenen 
 Laboratorii Chymici, und zwar in specie desselben 42. Capitels, allwo er 
 mit gantz nichtigen und abgeschmackten Fundamenten oder Beweifsthiimern 
 das Contrarium behaupten wollen, dafs nemlich von beyden keines moglich 
 seyn konne ; Allen Liebhabern der hochedlen und von Gott selbst unum- 
 stofslich in die Natur gelegten und fest gegriindeten Hermetischen Philosophie 
 zu dienlicher Nachricht und grosser Erbauung, ausser welcher sonst (wie 
 ich ungescheut schreibe und dreist sage) durch gedachtes Laboratorium 
 Chymicum, sie in der That und Wahrheit gantzlich, oder gantz und gar von 
 derselbigen alleinigen eintzigen Materie, und ihrer richtigen Vor- und Nach- 
 Arbeit wahren Bereitung, abgefiihret werden ; Von einem Liebhaber der 
 reinen Wahrheit, welcher durch die Gnade Gottes darinnen, vermittelst 
 der Experienz, fest gegriindet, sonst aber Seiner Rom. Kayserlichen wie 
 auch Catholischen Majestaten N.O.T.P. durch offentlichen Druck an den Tag 
 gegeben. Brefslau und Leipzig, bey Michael Hubert, 1723. 
 8. Pp. 703. [ij. Title red and black printed across two pages. 
 
 Fictuld (Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 103) Kunckel, Bibliotheque Ouvarofi, Sciences Secretes, 
 assigns this work to Naxagoras ; it is not men- 1870, No. 1227. 
 tioned by Kopp. Ladrague puts it under 
 
 [Another Copy.] 
 
 The imprint has been cut off. 
 
 KOPPE (JOACHIM), Respondens. 
 
 See HORST (GRKGORIUS), Problematum Medicorum . . . decades priores quinque, 
 1608. 
 
 KOFFSKY (VINCENTIUS). 
 
 Fratris Vincentii Koffskhii eines grofsen Philosophen und Monchen des Pre- 
 diger Ordens zu Danzig. Hermetische Schriften, denen wahren Schiilern 
 und Nachfolgern unserer geheimen Spagirischen Kunst zum Nuz beschrieben 
 und hinterlafsen den 4ten Octobr. Ao. Domini MCCCC LXXVIII. Zwey 
 Theile. Niirnberg, bey Johann Adam Stein, 1786. 
 
 8*. Pp. [8] 119 [i]. Two diagrammatic woodcuts. Woodcuts of apparatus. 
 Symbolic engraving. 
 
 Tinctur-Wurtzel, und auch Materia prima defs gebenedeyten uhralten Steins 
 der Weisen. 
 See FIGULUS (BENEDICTUS), Thesaurinella, 1682, p. 52. 
 
 If the title-page can be trusted and Koffski or alchemy had not had any effect in stopping the 
 
 Koffsky was a Dominican friar at Danzig, who left pursuit. He may be regarded in the meantime as 
 
 his writings to his pupils and followers on Oct. 4, the first Polish student of the art. After the 
 
 1488, then the bull of Pope John XXII. against Reformation the manuscript was found built up in 
 
478 
 
 KOFFSK YKOR TUM 
 
 KOFFSKY (VINCENTIUS). Continued, 
 
 the cloister of the monastery in 1560. This hap- 
 pened so often that one gets quite to know these 
 manuscripts ; they come from cloisters. 
 
 The Latin original is said by Schmieder to have 
 been first published in Benedictus Figulus' Thesaur- 
 inella, 1608, and again in 1682 as above, but that 
 is inaccurate for the 1682 edition is in German. 
 
 Borrichius, Conspectus Scriptorum Chemicorum, 
 1697, p. 38, No. liix. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 196. 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. i. p. 101 (not 
 complimentary). 
 
 The German translation, he says, was published at 
 Danzig, 1681, 4. The illustrations are of some 
 interest. 
 
 Borrichius has no high opinion of the author : 
 ' Vincentius Koffsky in sua Tinctures radice meras 
 tenebras ^Egyptias vendere, apparet : sed quae 
 tamensubinderadiisquibusdamlucisdistinguuntur.' 
 
 Deytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 634. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 4. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 239. 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 878, 879. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemic, 1886, ii. p. 339. 
 
 KORANHAPUCH QAMIMAH). 
 
 See TRITHEIM (JOHANN), Giildenes Kleinod, 1782. 
 
 KORNDORFFER (BARTHOLOMEW). 
 Beschreibung der Edelgesteine. 
 
 See ROTH-SCHOLTZ (FRIEDERICH), Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. 
 P- 567. 
 
 Etliche Korndorfferische Particularia. 
 
 See DARIOT (CLAUDE), Die gulden Arch, Schatz und Kunstkammer, 1614, Part iii. 
 
 p. 227. 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen [1708], p. 773. 
 
 Of this writer nothing seems to be known except 
 the titles of his books. He was alive in the year 
 1522 and had returned safe and sound to Germany 
 after having been away in heathendom. In this 
 year he is reported to have received a letter from 
 Paracelsus on the ' clarification of the metals.' The 
 
 Georg Caspar Kirchmajer, Noctiluca Constans, 
 1676, sign. 63 verso. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 116 
 (' De Tinctura Gemmarum,' 1635). 
 
 Roth-Scholtz, Theatrum Chemicum, 1730, ii. p. 
 
 567- 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Mcdicorum, 
 
 1731, II. i. p. Ixxxi. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicae, 
 
 1732, p. 83 ('Tinctura Gemmarum,' Frankf., 1636, 
 8). 
 
 book which he wrote on precious stones was in- 
 tended to open the eyes of his countrymen to the 
 frauds perpetrated on them in their guise. Kirch- 
 majer speaks of a book by Bartholomaeus Korn- 
 dorffer, De Vitro antimonii ft sulphure. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2148 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 
 
 73 8 - 
 
 Fictuld, Probier-Stein, 1753, Th. ii., p. 85. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hdhern Chemie, 1785, 
 p. 614. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1797, i. p. 522 ; 
 1798, ii. p. 4. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 268. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. p. 243 ; ii. p. 381. 
 
 KORNDORFFERISCHE SCHRIFFTEN. 
 
 See TRISMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus [1598], Tractatus ii. p. 55. 
 
 See TRISMOSINUS (SALOMON), Aureum Vellus, 1599, ii. p. 87. 
 
 See EROFFNETE Geheimnisse des Steins der Weisen [1708], p. 129. 
 
 KORTUM (KARL ARNOLD). 
 
 Karl Arnold Kortum der Arzneiwiss. Doktor und Arzt in Bochum Verteidiget 
 die Alchimie gegen die Einwiirfe einiger neuen Schriftsteller besonders des 
 Herrn Wieglebs. Duisburg, in der Helwingschen Universitats-Buchhand- 
 lung, 1789. 
 
 8. Pp. [4, 4 blank] 360. 
 
KORTUMKRA UTERMANN 
 
 479 
 
 KORTUM (KARL ARNOLD). Continued. 
 
 Kortum was born at Miihlheim on the Ruhr 5 
 July, 1745. He settled as physician at Bochum in 
 Westphalia in 1770. He was author of numerous 
 writings on all sorts of subjects, and was a believer 
 in alchemy which he tried to defend in the present 
 work, and in a supplement : Noch ein paar Worte 
 iiber Alchymie und Wiegleb, Uuisburg, 1791. 
 Having begun to correspond with Pastor Bahrens 
 of Schwerte, near Dortmund, in 1795, tne ^ wo 
 worked together for a year, and then in October, 
 1796, by means of a notice in the ' Reichs-Anzeiger ' 
 announced the existence of a 'Hermetic Society,' 
 which had been formed for the furtherance of the 
 work of the alchemists throughout Germany. 
 There was no such society, but the notice elicited 
 the fact that there were many persons engaged in 
 alchemical pursuits. The fiction of this Society 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon 
 derjetzt lebenden teutschen Schriflsteller, 1797, iv. 
 p. 233 ; x. p. 125 ; Supplements : ii. p. 184 ; iv. p. 
 363 ; v. p. 796 ; vi. p. 362 ; vii. p. 125. 
 
 J. F. Benzenberg, ' Nachrichten uber die Her- 
 metische Gesellschaft ' ; Gilbert's Annalen der 
 Physik, Halle, 1803, pp. 493-496. 
 
 Biographic Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 450 (list of his works). 
 
 Neuer Nekrolog der Deutschen for 1824, ii. p. 832 
 (quoted by Kopp). 
 
 Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mlde- 
 cine, 1836, III. i. p. 345. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemic, 1832, p. 596. 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1844, ii. p. 256. 
 
 Kopp, ' Ueber den Verfall der Alchemic und die 
 Hennetische Gesellschaft'; read 31 January, 1845, 
 printed in Denkschriften der Gesellschaft fiir Wis- 
 senschaft und Kunst in Giessen, Giessen, 1847, 
 Bd. i. Heft. i. It was reprinted as a separate 
 pamphlet. 
 
 Figuier, L Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, 
 pp. 107-109. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1306. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge *ur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, 
 ii. p. 518, note 41. 
 
 was maintained for about three years, till the first 
 part of the " Hermetisches Journal" (q.v.) appeared. 
 Complaints and dissatisfaction began to be common, 
 and Kortum withdrew from the management and 
 got it taken up by by a Baron d. F. von Sternhayn. 
 It lasted till 1805 when the suspended journal was 
 continued by another called 'Hermes.' But it 
 received no support and confidence in the Society 
 having been shaken, it could not be resuscitated. 
 
 Kortum lived for some years later, and died 15 
 Augt., 1824: Bahrens in 1833. 
 
 The history of the Hermetic Society has been 
 narrated by Kopp and more recently by Schultze, 
 who has examined the archives of the Society now 
 at Giessen, and who vindicates Kortum from every 
 questionable motive. 
 
 uvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, No. 1428. 
 
 K. Birnbaum, ' Ein Stiick Alchemie aus dem 
 Anfange des Neunzehnten Jahrhunderts.' Bruno 
 Meyer's Deutsche Warte, Leipzig, 1873, iv. pp. 
 449-461. 
 
 Arcanologische Zeitschrift, i Nov., 1878, No. 14, 
 p. 209. 
 
 H. K. \onHingberg,Die jyermetiscke Gese/IscAaft. 
 Ersdhlung in niederdeutscher Mundart, Leipzig, 
 1878, pp. 243. (This is not a history, but a romance, 
 though Kortum figures in it.) 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1882, xvi. p. 
 728 (by J. Franck, about the ' Jobsiade'). 
 
 Hirsch, Biographisches Lexikon der hervorra- 
 genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 532 (by Pagel). 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, ii. pp. 152-163; 290- 
 303 (this last contains a reprint of the above-men- 
 tioned Giessen pamphlet). 
 
 K. Deicke, Der Jobsiadendichter Carl Arnold 
 Kortum. Sein Leben und seine Schri f ten, Miih- 
 leim, a. d. Ruhr (1893 ?). 
 
 Ernst Schultze, Das letzte Aufflackern der 
 Alchemie in Deutschland vor 100 Jahren. Die 
 Hermetische Gesellschaft, 1796-1819, Leipzig, 1897, 
 pp. 44. 
 
 KOSMOPOLIT. 
 
 See GEHEIMNISSE aus der Geisterwelt, 1795. 
 
 KRAUTERMANN (VALENTINUS). 
 
 Der curieuse und wohl-erfahrne Chymist, welcher nicht alleine die aus dem 
 Mineral-Vegetabilischen und Thier-Reiche hergenommene, und in der 
 Medicin gebrauchlichste Chymische Processe griindlich und deutlich lehret, 
 sondern auch anweiset, wie solche nach denen gehorigen Kunst-Griffen 
 geschicklich zu bereiten, um solche zu Erhaltung menschlicher Gesundheit 
 bey alien zustossenden Kranckheiten in rechter Dosi niitzlich zu gebrauchen. 
 Aus beruhmter Chymicorum Schrifften, theils auch aus eigener Praxi 
 zusammen getragen, mit nothigen Registern versehen, von Valentino Krau- 
 termann. Andere Auflage. Leipzig und Arnstadt, Verlegts Johann Jacob 
 Beumelburg, 1738. 
 
 8. Pp. [12, frontispiece included] 480 [ao]. Title red and black. 
 Gmelin quotes also an edition, Arnstadt, 1729, 8. 
 
480 KRAUTERMANN 
 
 KRAUTERMANN (VALENTINUS). Continued. 
 
 Das in der Medicin gebrauchlichste Regnum Animale oder Thier-Reich, 
 Darinnen enthalten 
 
 I. Eine accurate Beschreibung aller Th(iere) nach dem Leben, es sey 
 in- oder auslandisch, zw(ey)- oder vierfiifsig, wild oder zahm, gefliigelt und in 
 der Lu(ft) oder im Wasser lebend, &c. 
 
 II. Ein hochst-dienlicher Unterricht, wie d(ie) guten und niitzlichen 
 Thiere zu erhalten und zu vermehren, die schadlichen hingegen zu fangen, 
 zu vertilgen und auszurotten. 
 
 III. Eine vollkommene Anweisung, wie und was von jedem Thiere in 
 der Medicin und Oeconomie zu gebrauchen und zu nutzen sey. Mit Fleifs 
 also zusammen getragen, und mit nothigen Registern anietzo zum andern 
 mahl vermehrter zum Druck befordert von Valentino Krautermann. 
 Arnstadt und Leipzig, In Verlegung Ernst Ludwig Niedtens, 1728 (?). 
 
 8. Pp. [8, frontispiece included] 464 [23, i blank]. Title red and black, slightly 
 damaged. 
 
 Historisch-Medicinisches Regnum Minerale, oder Metallen- und Mineralien- 
 Reich, und zwar in II. Haupt-Theilen, da in dem Ersten enthalten eine 
 accurate Beschreibung aller Ertze, Mineralien, Metallen und Edelgesteine, 
 wie sie wachsen und gefunden werden, und wo sie in der Medicin und 
 sonsten zu gebrauchen; Im Andern aber die vollkommene Scheide- und 
 Probier-Kunst, darinnen gehandelt wird, was Scheiden und Probieren 
 sey, wie es vorzunehmen, so wohl im nassen als trockenen Wege, 
 wie die Ertze nach ihrem Gehalt zu erkennen, &c. samt etlichen raren 
 Processen und Experimenten &c. Nebst nothigen Register, von Valentin 
 Krautermann. Arnstadt, Verlegts Johann Jacob Beiimelburg, 1747. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 472. Index [8]. Title red and black. 
 Other editions mentioned are Frankfurt, 1716, 1717 ; Arnstadt, 1726, all in 8. 
 
 Der accurate Scheider und kiinstliche Probierer, welcher griindlich zeiget und 
 beschreibet 
 
 I. Die Erzeugung der Metallen und Mineralien insgemein, samt deren 
 Erkanntnifs. 
 
 II. Was Scheiden und Probieren sey, auch wie solches vorzunehmen, 
 sowohl im nassen als trockenen Wege. 
 
 III. Die Schmeltzung und Probierung allerhand guter und geringer Ertze, 
 nach ihren eigentlichen rechten Gehalt, auch auf Gold und Silber. 
 
 IV. Zum Probieren dienliche Mittel und Wege, als, Probier-Wagen, 
 Gewichte, Capellen, &c. und deren Verfertigung, samt Bereitung verschiedener 
 scharffer, zum Schmeltzen und Probieren dienlicher Wasser, &c. 
 
 Alles mit besonderm Fleifs zusammen getragen und mit nothigen Registern 
 ausgefertiget von Val. Krautermann, Med. Pr. Thur. Franckfurth und 
 Leipzig, In Verlegung Ernst Ludwig Niedtens, Buch-Handlers in Arnstadt, 
 
 1717. 
 
 8. Pp. [16, frontispiece included] 311 [9]. Title red and black. 
 
 Valentin Krautermann is one of Christoph von treated as an independent name. He also wrote : 
 Hellwig's pseudonyms, but it is not unfrequently Der wohler f ahrne Afotheker, Arnstadt, 1730, 8. 
 
KRA UTERMANNKRIEGSMANN 
 
 481 
 
 KRAUTERMANN (VALENTINUS). Continued. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliothecce metallicce, 
 1732, p. 84. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 Hermttique, 1742, iii. p, 196. 
 
 Matthire, Conspectus Historic Medicorum chrono- 
 logicus, 1761, p. 874. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 116. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschuhte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 383, 
 683. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 232, 251, 264. 
 
 Rotermund, Fortsetsung zu . . . Jdchers Allge- 
 meinen Gelehrten-Lexico, 1810, iii. col. 776 (refers 
 to Hellwich (Christian) in Jocher, ii. col. 1468, and 
 to Motschmann. Erfordia literata, i. pp. 135-161). 
 
 Ladrague, Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences 
 Secretes, 1870, Nos. 1350. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 537. 
 
 KRELLEN (FRANZ). 
 
 See WARNUNG, Instruction und Beweifs . 
 
 1607. 
 
 KRIEGSMANN (WILHELM CHRISTOPH). 
 
 Wilhelm Christoph Kriegsmanns Taaut oder Aufslegung der Chymischen 
 Zeichen ; damit die Metallen und andere Sachen von Alters her bemerckt 
 werden : Auff Begehren beschrieben. Franckfurt, Bey Thoma Matthia 
 Gdtzen. M.DC.LXV. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 75 [i blank] [4]. Folding plate. 2 engravings. 
 
 The dedication to Dr. Johannes Tackius is dated ' Hartemburgi Calend. Sep- 
 tembr. 1665.' 
 
 Commentaria in Tabulam Smaragdinam Hermetis Trismegisti. 
 See MANGET (j. j.), Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa, 1702, i. p. 380. 
 
 In one of his books Kriegsmann calls himself 
 Wilhelm Christian, but his real name is Wilhelm 
 Christoph. He was born in 1633 at Barchfeld in 
 the principality of Schmalkalden. From school 
 at Schmalkalden he went in his fifteenth year to 
 Jena, where he resided for three years and then 
 proceeded to Helmstadt for two years. He studied 
 theology and languages, of several of which he 
 acquired a knowledge, in particular of those of the 
 East. At the age of twenty he might have had a 
 professorship, but he declined it on the score of his 
 youth, and accepted the invitation of Count Fried- 
 rich Emich to Hartenburg to act as tutor in the 
 Leiningen family. The Count came to esteem him 
 highly and .made him Kirchenrath. In 1674 he 
 went to Darmstadt at the request of Ludwig VI. 
 as Kammerrath, but in 1677, on account partly of 
 jealousies partly of changes in the Court itself, he 
 resigned, and was appointed by the Elector Carl 
 Ludwig of the Palatinate to be Karhmer- and Rech- 
 nungs-rath at Mannheim, 15 Sept., 1678. He held 
 the position but for a short time, as his death 
 occurred 29 Sept. , 1679. 
 
 He was the author of a number of works, ecclesi- 
 astical and religious, which by their unusual themes 
 give evidence of a certain originality of mind and 
 view. Among them are a tabular view of Ray- 
 mund Lully's Ars; a work entitled : Forteresse 
 royale : bevestigter Herrn-Staat : fur junge Herrn 
 als zukiinftige Regenten, Frf. a. M., 1673, 12 
 (really politico-moral advice or directions to young 
 princes, but thought by some to be a treatise on 
 fortification, much to Strieder's amusement, who 
 has given a sketch of its plan) ; De secreto Philoso- 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 372. 
 
 Reimmann, Einleitung in die Historiam liter- 
 arlam derer Teutschen, 1709, Th. ii. p. 88 (places 
 his death in 1678). 
 
 Manget, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 1731, II. i. p. Ixxxiil. 
 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicee, 
 
 73 2 > P- 8 5- 
 
 phorum igne, ubi simul de igne sacro Hebraeorum, 
 Chaldaeprum &c. Frf., 1671, 8; Epistola quod 
 Plato sit insignis scriptor chymicalis pperisque 
 Philosophorum lapidis dialogi, qui Critias sive 
 Atlanticus inscribitur rite doceat, Darmst., 1671, 
 8. Haller gives a different title, but whether it 
 denotes the same or a different book I am unable 
 to say, though they are probably the same : Epis- 
 tola qua probatur quod Plutarchus (sic) sit insignis 
 scriptor chymicus, Darmst., 1671,8 There is one 
 tract not enumerated by Strieder : '~'??R oder : die 
 wahre und richtige Cabalah mit Kupfer und 
 Tabellen erlautert, Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1774, 
 small 8, pp. [10] 52, 4 printed tables, 2 engraved 
 tables. 
 
 Reference has already been made under Hermes 
 to his two tracts in connection with that personage 
 one containing a ' Phoenician ' and a Hebrew 
 version of the table. One is entitled : Hermetis 
 Trismegisti . . . Tabula Smaragdina a situ temer- 
 arijsq 1 ; nunc demum pristine genio vindicata, small 
 8, pp. [6] 32, engraved title and two plates ; no 
 place or date in the copy before me. Strieder 
 apparently had not seen this edition, for he gives a 
 descriptive title only, and refers to Mangel's reprint. 
 The other tract is that in which he discusses the 
 hypothesis that the German race, the Teutons, are 
 derived from Theut or Hermes : Cpnjectaneorum 
 de Germanicse gentis origine ac Conditore, Hermete 
 Trismegisto . . . Liber unus, . . . Tubingae, 1684, 
 
 4, PP- L 8 3 6 4- 
 
 Kriegsmann has got but little esteem for all his 
 learning and writings. 
 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten-Lexicon, 1740, 
 p. 449. 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnpy, Histoire de la Philosophie 
 Hermftique, 1742, iii. pp. 64, 196. 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, ii. p. 991. 
 
 Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, 1750, 
 ii. col. 2169 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. 
 col. 883 (from Strieder). 
 
482 KRIEGSMANNKUNS TEL 
 
 KRIEGSMANN (WILHELM CHRISTOPH). Continued. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Medicine practices, 1779, iii. p. 61. (Beckmann quotes Taaut to warn his 
 
 iii. p. 297. readers from wasting their time by consulting it ) 
 
 Strieder, Grundlage zu einer Hessischen Thomson, The History of Chemistry, 1830, i. 
 
 Gelehrten und Schriftsteller Geschicfite, 1787, vii. p. 13. 
 
 pp. 341-346. Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 36. 
 
 Beckmann, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Erfin- Kopp, Beitrage xur Geschichte der Chemie, 1869, 
 
 dungen, 1792, iii. p. 370 ; English translation, 1814, p. 376. 
 
 KROHNEMANN (CHRISTIAN WILHELM), Baron von. 
 
 See FIKENSCHER (GEORG WOLFGANG AUGUSTIN), l8oo. 
 Krohnemann was hanged as an impostor in 1686. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der A Ichemie, 1832, p. 446. Figuier, L'Alchimie et Its Alchimistes, 1856, p. 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, i. pp. 185, 195. 160. 
 
 KRUGER (RUDOLPH AUGUST). 
 
 Q D. B. V. Dissertatio Physico-Chimico Medica Inauguralis, De Auro Medico, 
 seu Medicamentis ex Auro Parandis, quam Celsissimae, Serenissimae atque 
 Invictissimae Principi Annae, Magnae Britanniae, &c. &c. &c. Reginae, 
 nee non Illustrissimae Societati Regiae Londinensi, atque Gratiosissimae 
 Facultati Medicae in Academia Oxoniensi humillime atque decenter 
 exhibuit Rudolphus Augustus Kriiger Brunsvicens: V. M. Doctor, et 
 Serenissimi atque Potentissimi Principis ac Domini, Domini Ernesti, Ducis 
 Hildburghusani Medicus Aulicus. Ad Exemplar Oxoniense Brunswigae 
 Typis expressit Jo. Georg Zilliger, Sereniss. Ducis Brunsv. & Luneb. 
 Privilegiatus Typogr. Aulicus, M DCC XIII. 
 
 4. Pp. [8, engraved title included] 128 [6]. Vignette on the printed title of the 
 Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford. 
 
 This is a dissertation on all the preparations of in medicine. References to the authorities are 
 gold which had been proposed to date for use given. 
 
 Jacob Leopolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallicce, Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Philosophic 
 1732, p. 85. Hermttique, 1742, iii. p. 197. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 366. 
 
 KRUGENER (MICHAEL). 
 
 See CRUGENER (MICHAEL). 
 
 Matthiae, Conspectus Historia Afedicorum chronologicus, 1761, p. 841 
 
 KUCHELBECKER (GEORG GOTTLOB), Respondens. 
 De Phlogisto . . . Disputatio. 
 See WIPACHER (DAVID), 1752. 
 
 Gmelin calls him incorrectly H. Gottfr. Kiichel- rerum metallicarum media, Lips., 1752, 4. Fuchs 
 becker, but quotes the Dissertatio de saponibus, does not place the latter under the year 1752, but 
 Lips., 1756, 4, and the above De phlofisto vnionis under 1732, which looks like a mistake. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 701- Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteraiur, 
 702. 1806-08, pp. 254, 323. 
 
 KUNSTEL (JOHANN WOLFFGANG). 
 
 D. Jo. Wolffg. Kiinstel, Dissertatio Medico-chymica de Salibus Metallorum 
 prsesertim Auri et Mercurii. Editio Tertia. Lipsise Apud Jo. Fried. 
 Gleditsch et Filium. Recusa Anno clo ID cc LX. 
 
 4*. Pp. 28. 
 
KUNSTELKUNCKEL 
 
 KUNSTEL (JOHANN WOLFFGANG). Continued. 
 
 An edition of Leipzig, 1711, 4, pp. 22, is that quoted by Gmelin. It is the second according to 
 Billings. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. p. 325. 
 1731, II. i. p. Ixxxvi. (Review of the above from Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 570. 
 the Acta Lipsiensia, Ann. 1711, p. 214.) 
 
 KUNCKEL (JOHANN). 
 
 Johann Kunckek, Churfiirstl. Brandenburgischen Geheimten Cammer-Dieners. 
 Chymischer Probier-Stein, de Acido & Urinoso, Sale Calid. & Frigid, 
 contra Herrn Doct. Voigts, Spirit. Vini Vindicatum, an die Weltberuhmte 
 Konigl. Societal in Engeland, als hieriiber erbatene hohe Richter. Worbey 
 angefiiget die Epistola contra Spir. Vini sine Acido, so an Herrn D. Voigten 
 abgelassen. Berlin, In Verlegung Rupert Volckers, Buchhandlern, 
 
 M.DCXXCVI. 
 
 8. No pagination. Sigs. A. B. )( in eights, wanting )( i ; A-M in eights, N six. 
 
 D. Johann. Voigts Spiritus Vini sine Acido Vindicatus. 
 A-D r in eights. 
 
 Johann Kunckel von Lowensterns, Konigl. Schwedischen Berg-Raths, und der 
 Kayserl. Leopold. Societal Mit-Glieds, d. Hermes III. V. Curiose Chymische 
 Tractatlein ; als : 
 
 I. Chymische Anmerckungen, darinn gehandelt wird von denen Princip. 
 Chym. Sal. Acid. & Alcalibus; Fixis & Volatilib. in denen 3. Regnis; wie 
 auch vom Geruch und Farben &c. mit Anhang einer Chymischen Brille, 
 contra Non-Entia Chym. 
 
 II. Niitzliche Observationes von den Fixen und fliichtigen Saltzen, 
 Auro & Argento Potabili; Spiritu Mundi u.d.g. wie auch von den Farben 
 und Geruch der Metallen, Mineral. &c. 
 
 III. Epistola, contra Spiritum Vini sine Acido. 
 
 IV. De Phosphoro Mirabili ; dessen leuchtenden Wunder-Pilulen ; sampt 
 einem Discurs vom Nitro. 
 
 V. Probier-Stein, de Acido & Urinoso, Sale Calido & Frigido; contra 
 Herrn D. Voigts Spir. Vini Vindicatum. 
 
 Wobey zugleich angehanget wird: Christoph Brumrnets Tractatlein vom 
 Blut der Natur. Nebst einer Vorrede : De doctis & nobilibus Empiricis : 
 D. Johannis Philippi Burgravii, Med. Francof. ad Mcenum. Franckfurth 
 und Leipzig, 1721. 
 
 8. Pp. [12] 512 [48]. i engraving. Folding title. Each tract has a separate 
 title included in the pagination. 
 
 P. 489: 
 
 Das Blut der Natur, aus eigener Erfahrung handgreifflich angewiesen, darzu mit 
 gewissen Experimenten zum Verfolg seiner Notification-Schrifft auffgesetzet und heraus 
 legeben von Christoph Brummeten, C. Franckfurth und Leipzig, 1721. 
 
 Johann Kunkels von Lowenstern Vollstandiges Laboratorium Chymicum, 
 worinnen von den wahren Principiis in der Natur, der Erzeugung, den 
 Eigenschaften und der Scheidung der Vegetabilien, Mineralien und Metalle, 
 
484 KUNCKEL 
 
 KUNCKEL QOHANN). Continued. 
 
 wie auch von Verbesserung der Metalle gehandelt wird. Vierte verbesserte 
 Auflage. Berlin, 1767. In der Riidigerschen Buchhandlung. 
 
 8. Pp. [4] 671 [17]. i plate. 
 
 The first edition was published at Hamburg and An edition of 1738 is in Ladrague's Bibliotheque 
 Leipzig in 1716, 8, pp. [40, including a portrait of Ouvaroff, 1870, No. 1229. 
 Kunckel] 737 [37]. 
 
 Johann Kunckels, Churfiirstl. Sachs, geheimen Kammerdieners und Chimici 
 Niitzliche Observationes oder Anmerckungen, von den Fixen und fliichtigen 
 Saltzen, Auro und Argento potabili, Spiritu Mundi und dergleichen, wie 
 auch von den Farben und Geruch der Metallen, Mineralien und andern 
 Erdgewachsen ; Durch viel-Jahrige eigene Erfahrung, Miihe und Arbeit mit 
 Fleifs untersuchet, angemercket, und nun auff vieler der Edlen Chimie 
 Beflissenen und unverdrossener Naturforscher instandiges Begehren zu dero 
 Nutz und Gefallen an den Tag gegeben. Hamburg, Auff Gottfried 
 
 Schultzens Kosten, im Jahr 1676. 
 
 8. No pagination. 2 leaves. Sigs. A-E in eights, F J in four, G in six. 
 G6 blank. 
 
 Johann Kunckels, Chur-Fiirstl. Sachs, geheimten Kammer-Dieners und Chymici, 
 Oeffentliche Zuschrifft von dem Phosphoro Mirabili und dessen leuchtenden 
 Wunder-Pilulen saint angehangten Discurs von dem weyland recht benahmten 
 Nitro, jetzt aber unschuldig genandten Blut der Natur, an die Gesammte 
 Hocherfahrnen Chur-Fiirstl. Sachs. Herren Leib- Hoff- und Stadt-Medicos 
 in Drefsden. Heraufs gegeben in Wittenberg Ann. 1678. Leipzig, 
 bey Michael Rufswurm. Druckts Joh. Wilh. Kriiger. 
 8. Pp. [2 blank, 12, 2 blank] 88 [2 blank]. 
 
 Johannis Kunkelii Elect. Sax. Cubicularii intimi & Chymici Philosophia 
 Chemica Experimentis Confirmata in qua agitur de principiis Chymicis, 
 Salibus acidi & alcalibus, fixis & volatilibus, in tribus illis Rgnis, Minerali, 
 Vegetabili, & Animali, itemque de odore & colore, &c. Accedit Perspicilium 
 Chymicum contra Non-entia Chymica. Amstelasdami, Apud Joannem 
 Wolters, 1694. 
 
 12. Pp. [16, engraved title-page included] 333 [3 blank]. Printed title-page, red 
 and black. Engraved vignette. 
 
 Johannis Kunkelii, Elect. Sax. Cubicularii intimi & Chymici utiles Observationes 
 sive Animadversiones de Salibus fixis & volatilibus, Auro & argento potabili, 
 Spiritu mundi, & similibus. Item de colore & odore metallorum, 
 mineralium aliarumque rerum quae a terra producuntur. Propria multorum 
 annorum experientia, opera & labore diligenter investigata & animadversa, ac 
 nunc ad multorum nobilissimse artis Chymicse Studiororum & indefatigatorum 
 naturae scrutatorum instantes petitiones usui eorum studioque in lucem edita. 
 Primum ab Authore Germanice conscripta, nunc verb Latinitate donata. a 
 Carolo Aloisio Ramsaio. Londini & Roterodami, Apud Henricum 
 
 Wilsonium & Consortes. Anno clo IDC LXXVIII. 
 
 12. Pp. [20] 122 [2 blank] ; [7, i blank] 160 [18, containing list of the Royal 
 Society, 2 blank]. Engraved title-page included in the pagination. 
 
KUNCKEL 
 
 485 
 
 KUNCKEL (JOHANN). Continued. 
 
 The second tract has a title-page, and the Royal Society list also contains a 
 separate title-page : 
 
 Johannis Kunkelii Elect. Sax. Cubicularii intimi & Chymici Observationes 
 Chymicse, in quibus agitur de principiis Chymicis, Salibus acidis & alcalibus, 
 fixis & volatilibus, in tribus illis Regnis, Minerali, Vegetabili, & Animali, itemque 
 de odore & colore &c. UnA cum appendice Perspicilli Chymici contra non-entia 
 Chymica. Propria experientia conscripta, diversis experimentis probata, & veritatis 
 artisque Studiosorum utilitati in lucem edita. Primum ab Authore Germanice con- 
 scripta, nunc _ vero Latinitate donata. a Carolo Aloisio Ramsaio. Londini & 
 Roterodami, Apud Henricum Wilsonium & Consortes. Anno clo IOCLXXVIII. 
 
 Kunckel, or Kunkel, was born at Hiitten, near 
 Rendsburg, about 1630 (others 1638). He was at 
 no university, but began with an apothecary. 
 His father was an assayer, and he had thus 
 very early familiarity with chemical operations, 
 and he was latterly prompted to visit workshops 
 and manufactories to gain acquaintance with the 
 methods there followed. He studied metals, and 
 though he believed in transmutation, his know- 
 ledge and skill and experimental ability made him 
 one of the chief chemists of his time. One of his 
 most famous investigations was upon the produc- 
 tion of phosphorus, of which he himself tells the 
 story. His ability promoted him to be director of 
 the laboratory and chamberlain at the Court of 
 Lauenburg and next at Dresden. He gave courses 
 of chemical instruction at Wittenberg, in 1677 ; the 
 Elector of Saxony made him director of the Anna- 
 berg laboratory. Disputes and backbitings caused 
 by envy made him accept the invitation of the 
 Elector of Brandenburg in 1679, an d he departed 
 
 Georg Caspar Kirchmajer, Noctiluca Constans, 
 1676, sign. C2 recto. 
 
 G. C. Kirchmajer, De Phosphoris . . . Commen- 
 tatio, 1680, p. ii. 
 
 Mercklin, Lindenius renovatus, 1686, p. 623. 
 
 Keren Happuch . . . oder Teutsches Fegfeuer der 
 Scheide-Kunst, 1702, p. 121. 
 
 Die Edelgeborne Jungfer Alchymia, 1730, p. 290. 
 
 Mangel, Bibliotheca Scriptorum Medicorum, 
 
 1731, II. i. p. Ixx.xvi. 
 
 Stolle, Anleitung zur Historie der Medicinischen 
 Gelahrheit, 1731, p. 847. 
 Jacob Leupolds Prodromus Bibliotheca metallic^, 
 
 1732, p. 85. 
 
 Morhof, Polyhistor, 1732 (ii. 2*, 22, 5), ii. p. 
 
 379- 
 
 Zedler, Universal- Lexicon, 1737, xv. col. 2125. 
 Kestner, Medicinisches Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1740, 
 
 P- 451- 
 
 Lenglet Dufresnoy, Histoire de la Ph.ilosoph.ie 
 Hermetique, 1742, iii. 197. 
 
 Moller, Cimbria literata, 1744, i. pp. 319-322. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten- Lexicon, 1750, ii. 
 col. 2185 ; Rotermund's Fortsetzung, 1810, iii. col. 
 
 979- 
 
 Chaufepie 1 , Nouveau Dictionnaire historique et 
 critique, 1753, iii. letter K, p. 54 (on phosphorus). 
 
 Fictuld, Probitr-Stein, 1753, Th. ii. p. 86. 
 
 Biichner, Academics . . . Natures Curiosorum 
 Historia, Halae, 1755, P- 4^o, No. 198. 
 
 De Bure, Bibliographic Instructive, 1764, ii. 
 P. 587. 
 
 Eloy, Dictionnaire historique de la Mddecine, 
 1778, ii. p. 646. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 54. 
 
 Beytrag zur Geschichte der hohern Chemie, 1785, 
 pp. 351, 501, 628. 
 
 Beckmann, Beytrdge zur Geschichte der Erfin- 
 dungen, 1786, i. p. 385. (About ruby glass, 
 samples of which by Kunkel are in the Green 
 
 to Berlin. Thereafter he went to Stockholm, where 
 he was ennobled with the name von Lbwenstern, 
 in 1693. He died at his estate of Dreissighufen, 
 near Pernau, 20 March, 1703 (though others say at 
 Stockholm in 1702). He was admitted a member 
 of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum in April, 1693, 
 with the name Hermes III., and wrote a con- 
 siderable number of Ixjoks on chemistry as well as 
 an enlarged translation of Neri's Arte Vetraria 
 with Christopher Merrett's notes, Frankfurt & 
 Leipzig, 1679, 4", with portrait and plates ; Ibid. 
 1689, 4, with poor impressions of the portrait and 
 plates. It was afterwards turned into French by 
 Baron d'Holbach, and published at Paris in 1752, 
 in large 4. 
 
 Kunckel's works, especially his Laboratorium 
 chymicum, are of some use for the history of trans- 
 mutation, as he records several cases of such action, 
 more particularly those of Sebald Schwertzer and 
 David Beuther, and they also contain autobio- 
 graphical details. 
 
 Vaults at Dresden at the present time.) English 
 translation, London, 1814, i. p. 204. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 32, 
 116, 117, 140, 153-170, 270. 
 
 Hutchinson, Biographia Medica, 1799, ii. p. 35. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemischen Litteratur, 
 1806-08, pp. 143, 182, 183, 200, 209, 240, 241, 307. 
 
 Chalmers, The General Biographical Dictionary, 
 1815, xix. p. 427. 
 
 Biographie Universelle, 1818, xxii. p. 583 ; no 
 date, xxii. p. 234 (article by Weiss). 
 
 Biographie Mtdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 25), v. p. 463. 
 
 Schmieder, Geschichte der Alchemie, 1832, p. 
 
 449- 
 
 Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, 1843, ii. pp. 199- 
 213 ; 2nd Ed. 1869, ii. pp. 191-205. 
 
 Journal de Chimie Mtdicale, 1843, 2me Se'rie, ix. 
 pp. 710-712 (by A. Chevallier). 
 
 Kopp, Geschichte der Chemie, 1843, i. pp. 173- 
 177 & passim. 
 
 Bayle & Thillaye, Biographie Medicale, 1855, i. 
 p. 491. 
 
 Figuier, L ' Alchimie et les Alchimistes, 1856, pp. 
 IS. 6 5, 67. 161. 
 
 Poggendorff, Biographisch-literariscties Hand- 
 worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1330. 
 
 1^aAr&g\te,Bibliotheque Ouvaroff, Sciences Secretes, 
 1870, Nos. 1227-1229. 
 
 Kopp, Beitrdge zur Geschichte der Chemie, 1875, 
 iii. pp. 193-201. 
 
 Haeser, Geschichte der Medicin, 1881, ii. pp. 
 224, 487. 
 
 Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, 1883, xvii. p. 
 376. 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 576 ; 2nd 
 Series, 1903, viii. p. 881. 
 
 Kopp, Die Alchemie, 1886, i. pp. 56-65 & passim. 
 
 Bricka, Dansk Biografisk Lexicon, 1895, ix. p. 
 599 (by Jtf>rgenson). 
 
4&> KUNRAHT-KURTZER 
 
 KUNRAHT. 
 
 See RHUNRATH. 
 
 KUNST Alchimisterey. 
 
 S& t>ESAR (THEOPHILUS), Alchimy Spiegel, 1613, p. 86. 
 
 KUNST-Biichlein, oder griindlicher Gebrauch von Etz-Arbeit, in und ausserhalb 
 Feuers aus Alchymischen und natiirlichen Grunde, nehmlich, Harten, 
 Weichen, Schmeltzen, Scheiden, Abtreiben, Probieren, Loten, Etzen, 
 Abformen, Abgiessen, &c. Wie auch jede Farben zubereiten, erhalten, 
 bessern und wiederbringen : Als Zinn Mahlen, Schreiben, Illuminiren, Ver- 
 giilden, Stiicken, Edelgesteinen. Nebenst beygefiigtem Register. Franck- 
 furth und Leipzig, Verlegts Johann Caspar Meyer, Anno 1687. 
 
 12. Pp. 203 [9, 4 blank]. 
 
 This is a reprint in modernised language of a colours, for dyeing, illuminating, etc., and the con- 
 tract which has the following title: Kunstbuchlein, eluding part is a reprint of the tract : Rechter Ge- 
 gerechten griindtlichen gebrauchs alter kunstbaren brauch d'Alchimei, 1531, (<?.v.). 
 Werckleiit . . ., Augspurg, 1537, small 4, ff. xxxvii. Ferguson, 'Some early Treatises on Techno- 
 [i]. It contains in the first part receipts for steel logical Chemistry,' Proceedings of Hie Philosophical 
 and iron, solders, fluxes, etching, etc. ; for taking Society of Glasgow, 1887-88, xix. p. 153 ; and Sup- 
 spots and stains out of cloth ; for making inks and plement, Ibid, 1893-94, xxv. pp. 224-235. 
 
 KUNST (Von der) Chimia. 
 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1613, i. p. 504. 
 See MORGENSTERN (PHILIP), Turba Philosophorum, 1750, i. p. 612. 
 See ARTE (De) Chemica. 
 
 KUNST Stiicke die schonsten und raresten Farben zu verfertigen. 
 S*e JUGEL (JOHANN GOTTFRIED), 1789. 
 
 KURELLA (ERNST GOTTFRIED). 
 
 See L. (F. C.), Sammlung achthundert und sieben und funfzig chymischer 
 Experimente, 1759. 
 
 Kurelta was born at Neidenburg in East Prussia, different parts of medicine, on anatomy, surgery, 
 
 12 March, 1725, graduated doctor of medicine at pharmacy, &c., &c., and dissertations and reviews. 
 
 Konigsberg in 1746, and was a Councillor of the He wrote also : Chymische Versuche und Erfahr- 
 
 Obercollegium Medicum and Obercollegium Sani- ungen, i-5tes Stuck, Berlin, 1756-1759. 
 
 tatis at Berlin. He wrote a number of works on He died at Berlin, July 28, 1799. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Chirurgica, 1775, ii. p. 492. mund's Fortseteung und Ergdnzungen , 1810, iii. 
 
 Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, 1777, ii. p. 434. col. 986. 
 
 Baumer, Bibliotheca Chemica, 1782, p. 43. Biographic Mfdicale, Paris, Panckoucke (1820- 
 
 Meusel, Das gelehrte Teutschland oder Lexikon 25), v. p. 465. 
 
 derjetzt lebenden Teutschen Schriftsteller, Leingo, Dezeimeris, Dictionnaire historique de la Mtdc- 
 
 1797, iv. pp. 317-18. cine, 1836, III. i. p. 357. 
 
 Gmelin, Geschichte der Chemie, 1798, ii. pp. 473- Poggendorff, Biographisch-literarisches Hand- 
 
 475. worterbuch, 1863, i. col. 1333. 
 
 Fuchs, Repertorium der chemiscken Litteratur, Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 578 ; and 
 
 1806-08 pp. 323. Series, 1903, viii. p. 884. 
 
 Jbcher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon ; Roter- Hirsch, Biographisches 'Lexikon der heroorra- 
 
 genden Aerzte, 1886, iii. p. 574. 
 
 KURTZER (Ein) Tractat von der Occulta Chemicorum Philosophia. 
 
 'See OCCULTA (Von der) Chemicorum Philosophia, ein kurtzer Tractat. 
 
 KURTZER und griindlicher Unterricht vom Wahren Trinck-Golde und 
 Allgemeiner Artzeney, darin erortert wird, ob, woraus und wie es bereitet 
 werden konne? Item was es wiircke? woran es zu erkennen und ob iemals 
 dergleichen von den Adeptis feilgeboten und verkaufft worden sey? so wol, 
 
KURTZERKUS 487 
 
 KURTZER und grundlicher Unterricht, etc. Continued. 
 
 den frommen Suchern des Philosophischen Steins, als auch den Patienten, um 
 sich fur den Betrug der heutigen so genannten Gold-Essentzen und Universal- 
 Medicinen zuhalten, zum besten gestellet von einem, dessen Wahl-Spruch 1st : 
 In Christi Horto Detegitur Thesaurus Maximaque Panacea. Erfurt, zufinden 
 bey Augusto Crusio. 1731. 
 
 12. Pp. 21 [3 blank]. 
 
 The author of the above wrote also DIE GROSSE ARGLISTIGKEIT derer sich der Satan bedienet bey der 
 Wahren Alchymie (g.v.). 
 
 KURZE jedoch grundliche und einfaltige Anleitung zu dem grossen Natur- 
 geheimnifs des Lapidis Philosophic!. 1753. 
 
 See NEDAGANDER. 
 
 KURZE und deutliche Vorstellung der Edlen Probier-Kunst, was eigentlich 
 dieselbe sey, worinnen sie bestehe, was vor Instrumenten darzu erfordert 
 werden, wie man zu der rechten Erkanntnufs aller Mineralien und Metal- 
 lischen Ertzen zu gelangen, und welcher Gestalt endlich die Erkannten recht 
 zu probieren, und in der Probierung zu tractiren seyen. Nebst einem ausfuhr- 
 lichen Bericht, von Saltpeter sieden, und Erklarung aller Chymischen Worter 
 und Zeichen. Von einem dieser edlen. Kunst Preisswiirdigst Ergebenen. 
 Niirnberg, Bey Johann Friedrich Riidiger. A. 1718. 
 
 12. Pp. [24] 523 [i blank]. Title red and black. The frontispiece (not included 
 in the pagination) depicts an assayer's laboratory. 
 
 The present work is a treatise on the assaying of For older books on the same subject see 
 metallic ores. It gives an account of the reagents, SCHREITTMANN, Probierbitchlein , and PROBIKR 
 apparatus, furnaces, precautions, list of technical Rt'cHi.ElN auf Gold. . . . 
 terms, and methods for analysing ores in the dry 
 way. 
 
 KURZE Nachricht von den Metallischen Glafsern und der Vitrification des 
 Goldes in Amausen von einem Liebhaber der Chymischen Grund-Mischung. 
 Leipzig, bey Christian Gottlob Hilscher. 1767. 
 
 8. Pp. 46. 
 
 Discourse upon ruby glass, upon fluxes and (y-v.), is assigned here (p. 12) to Grummet. That 
 metallic oxides, upon artificial gems, etc. The however seems to be a slip, for it was the reply 
 tract, Sol sine veste, usually ascribed to Orschall which Grummet wrote : Sol non sine veste. 
 
 KUS (GEORG). 
 
 See BORRICHIUS (OLAUS), Metallische Probier-Kunst, 1680. 
 
 With Bprrichius as praeses he was respondens C. Luft (1682), 4, ff. 7, of which there is a copy in 
 also of a dissertation : De Ascite, Hafniae, lit. Vid. the British Museum (T. 557. (33.) ). 
 
 Billings, Index-Catalogue, 1886, vii. p. 581. 
 
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